text:
Global Resource and Information Directory
WePROTECT
Canada Federal
United States Federal
Population 0‑14
Mobile Subscribers
* Statistics provided by CIA.gov, Internet World Stats and GSMA Intellligence
2011 - France's Minister for Education, Luc Chatel, signed a framework agreement with e-Enfance: a nonprofit organization, which works within the country to educate parents and children about Internet and multimedia safety issues. The agreement relates to cyber-bullying on Facebook and provides guidance for students and teachers on how such issues should be handled and encourages schools to increase awareness and causes of cyber-bullying.
2014 - For Safer Internet Day 2014, 875 events took place throughout France, held by schools, non-formal education centers, businesses, charitable organizations and the government. More than 1,500 children took part in workshops held by 20 Young Ambassadors for the Rights of Children in eight institutions, where they learned about online dangers and ways to protect themselves. To mark the annual event, a new website targeting teenagers was launched, where they can learn about digital citizenship via the Online Voting Booth. Teachers were supplied with lesson plans and resources throughout the month, to enable them to teach multiple Internet safety lessons.
2015 - The French Network and Information Security Agency (ANSSI) adopted the National Cybersecurity Strategy, which contains five objectives for managing how France will progress through its "digital transition". The objectives include fundamental interests, defence and security of State information systems and critical infrastructures, major cybersecurity crisis; digital trust, privacy, personal data, cybermalevolence; awareness raising, initial training, continuing education; environment of digital technology businesses, industrial policy, export and internationalization; Europe, digital strategic autonomy, cyberspace stability.
Ongoing - French educators use Eduscol, a national online portal that has a variety of resources and micro-sites for a range of topics, including online safety. The portal is available to students, teachers, members of the school community and also to parents, but is aimed primarily at education professionals and teachers.
The Ministry of Education also hosts PrimTICE, a website to support the use of digital technologies in primary education and promote the exchange of good practices. PrimTICE is an online directory of more than 1,000 lesson plans, developed by teachers for teachers, for use in Kindergarten through to Cycle 3. Under the PrimTICE project, several other projects promoting ICT development in primary schools have also been executed. These include the deployment of over 1,200 interactive whiteboards in kindergartens and elementary schools, and the KidSmart program: which saw more than 650 kindergartens equipped with digital workstations in partnership with IBM France.
Individual schools are required to protect and empower students on the Internet. Schools are expected to protect students by implementing a filtering device to select the information made available to students. Training measures and student accountability are also measured through a charter of use of ICT and the Internet in every school, college, and high school.
After training, students receive the B2i (Brevet Informatique et Internet – National Certificate of ICT Standards) that validates students' digital skills. The B2i covers five topics (French), with Area 2 concentrating on adopting a critical and responsible attitude towards computers and the Internet. This area expects students, amongst other things, to respect others in the context of electronic communication and online publications, refraining from online bullying, defamation, or invasion of privacy. The equivalent certificate for teachers is the C2i2e (Computers and Internet Certificate Level 2 Teacher – Certificat Informatique et Internet Niveau 2 Enseignant), which C2i2e certifies professional skills in the pedagogical use of digital technologies by examining educators' knowledge in areas such as solving problems and issues related to ICT in general, and in education in particular; research and use of resources; teamwork and networking; and digital workspaces.
Supported by the Ministry of Education, European Commission and the Safer Internet Centre, Vinz and Lou on the Internet is a series of fifteen interactive episodes contains challenges that children 7-12 must navigate while learning about blogs, IM, chat rooms, online games and their pitfalls: who can be hiding behind a computer screen, secrets being spread on the web, fake information and data theft. The site was originally created for Safer Internet Day 2012.
The game 2025 Ex Machina, which is aimed at children aged 12 - 17, is the first serious game promoting a critical approach to Internet. The program takes advantage of a video game interface to incite teenagers to think critically about their online mobile usage, and to encourage them to adopt responsible online behavior. For educators, lesson plans and hand-outs have been created to enable them to further discuss the topic with their students.
Confederation of Family Organizations in the European Union (COFACE)
This non-profit organization aims at promoting family policy, solidarity between generations and the interests of children within the European Union. Specifically, COFACE has policies and resources about education, ICT and online safety and an anti-cyberbullying project called #DeleteCyberbullying.
Digital Society Forum
Established by telecommunications operator, Orange, the Digital Society Forum aims to bring together interested parties, both online and with workshops and events, to discuss how technology impacts our lives and influences our behavior.
e-enfance (e-Child)
A non-profit organization provides parents with advice on a range of Internet safety issues, including blogging and social networks. It advises parents on parental control options and filtering software and provides links to the pages of ISPs who are obliged to offer such tools.
European School Network
This group was founded in 2006 to create an exchange network among nine European schools. ESN arranges one-to-one student exchanges for one to eight weeks, and also provides the possibility of teacher exchanges, group exchanges and student seminars.
French Network and Information Security Agency (ANSSI)
The agency was created in July 2009 to address the increasing challenge of cyber attacks and is an interministerial agency attached to the Prime Minister's office. The Agency has became the national authority for information systems defense.
GSMA Europe
This industry association represents the interests of European mobile network operators. The group engages in lobbying in areas such as children's use of mobile phones, privacy, digital inclusion and reducing the digital gender gap. In 2008, the organization formed a mobile alliance against child sexual abuse content.
This international NGO brings together activists, Internet specialists, policy makers and the media to raise awareness of the sexual exploitation of children online, and support child victims and their families.
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Europe
The ITU is is the UN agency for ICTs. Areas of focus in Europe include improving E-accessibility in Central and Eastern Europe, transitioning Europe to digital broadcasting, and sharing best practices for implementing e-applications.
The IGF was founded by the UN in 2006 to serve as a discussion platform for internet governance policy issues. It brings together various stakeholders to determine best practices for internet policy. Past areas of focus include cybersecurity, human rights, inclusivity and openness.
Internet Sans Crainte (Internet Without Fear)
This national project forms part of the European Safer Internet Plus project, falling under remit of the Ministry of Higher Education and Research and the Secretariat of State for the Digital Economy. The site provides advice for parents and children – split by the age of the child or young person, with content tailored to each group. Teachers are also able to obtain information packs for students and to arrange workshops at their schools. It is also the coordinator of Safer Internet Day in the country, and each year the site is updated with content relating to that year's theme.
Internet Signalment (Internet Reporting)
A government-run portal for reporting online any suspected illegal content found on the Internet.
INTERPOL is the world's largest international police organization, with 190 member countries. Its mission is to enable police forces to collaborate globally to fight crime in the Internet age. Three areas of focus are crimes against children (with a focus on internet crimes and travelling sex offenders), cybercrime and human trafficking.
Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research
The Ministry supports the integration of ICT into the teaching process via their B2i certificate. They also supply teachers with educational resources via their portal Eduscol.
Net Ecoute (Net Listen)
The site is a partnership between various online safety bodies, including e-Child and Internet Without Fear, and provides ways for children to obtain advice on topics such as sexting, online games and cyber-bullying via text message, online chat, email, Skype and phone.
No To Harassment
The Ministry of Education has created this anti-bullying site (previously Act Against Bullying in School), which provides information for parents, teachers and children. It also advises how to get help and report bullying.
Point de Contact
Run by the French Internet Service Provider Association (AFA), Point de Contact is a hotline against child porn and racial hatred, which enables Internet users to find useful information and help to understand how to deal with such contents.
Respect Zone
Established out of the Hate Prevention Initiative, Respect Zone fights against the negative excesses posted online.
A Survey on the Transposition of Directive 2011/93/EU on Combating Sexual Abuse and Sexual Exploitation of Children and Child Pornography (2016)
Together Against Sexual Exploitation of Children
The study examines how seven key provisions of Directive 2011/93/EU on the fight against sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography have been adopted by the 27 European Union (EU) Member States bound by the Directive.
The impact of internet and new media on the occurrence of violence against children in Europe and Cyprus (2015)
Rosella Sala
This document demonstrate that countries lack of expertise on child sexual exploitation and struggle combating this issue by their own. It suggests to establish an international legal framework to prosecute offenders and protect children.
How parents of young children manage digital devices at home: the role of income, education and parental style (2015)
Livingstone, Sonia, Mascheroni, Giovanna, Dreier, Michael, Chaudron, Stephane, Lagae, Kaat
The report compares strategies of parental mediation on the internet according to levels of parental education and household income. The aim was to inform policy-makers and practitioners on how to approach parental guidance and awareness raising.
Combatting Child Sexual Abuse (2015)
Petra Jeney
The study provides an overview of existing legislation at European Union, Member State and the international level related to online child sexual abuse, as well as the role of law enforcement agencies in combatting child sexual abuse online and other governmental and private sector initiatives.
The Realities of Cyber Parenting: What Pre-teens and Teens Are Up To Online (2015)
Family Online Safety Institute and Intel Security
This global study examined the online behaviors and social networking habits of pre-teens and teens aged between 8 and 16 years old, as well as looking at the concerns of parents.
Global Research Project: A Global Landscape of Hotlines Combating Child Sexual Abuse Material on the Internet and an Assessment of Shared Challenges (2015)
Melissa Stroebe, Stacy Jeleniewski, PhD
This report examines hotlines combating Internet-facilitated Child Sexual Abuse Material.
Microsoft Computing Safety Index (2014)
This annual survey of more than 10,000 adults in 20 countries around the world creates the data for the MCSI, which measures the actions that consumers take to help keep themselves and their families safe online.
Policy Influences and Country Clusters: A Comparative Analysis of Internet Safety Policy Implementation (2014)
B. O'Neill
The report examines the policy context of internet safety and looks at how countries within each cluster approach implementation.
Children's Rights in the Digital Age (2014)
A. Third, D. Bellerose, U. Dawkins, E. Keltie, K. Pihl
This study found unequal access to digital media among youth from 16 countries, among other key findings on children's digital usage.
Final recommendations for policy (2014)
O'Neill, B., Staksrud, E
Combining all the EU Kids Online policy guidance into one resource, this report provides more than 30 proposed actions for making the Internet safer for children.
Children's Use of Online Technologies in Europe (2014)
K. Ólafsson, S. Livingstone, L. Haddon
This report reviews recent research on children's use of internet and mobile technologies identified by the EU Kids Online network.
Country classification: opportunities, risks, harm and parental mediation (2013)
Helsper, E.J., Kalmus, V., Hasebrink, U., Sagvari, B., and de Haan, J.
This report explores the range and type of online opportunities and risks experienced by children in each country. The ways in which parents mediate or regulate their children's internet use is also examined.
Overview and Analysis of 1:1 Learning Initiatives in Europe (2013)
Intel 's report on the status of 1:1 Learning Initiative in Europe
Risks and safety on the internet: Comparing Brazilian and European children (2013)
Barbosa, A., O'Neill, B., Ponte, C., Simões, J.A., Jereissati, T.,
This study compares the results of the survey of Brazilian children and their parents/guardians, carried out by the Brazilian Internet Steering Committee. Using the same methodology as the EU Kids Online research, the results from Brazil are compared with those from Europe.
In their own words: what bothers children online? (2013)
Livingstone S., Kirwil, L., Ponte C. and Staksrud E., with the EU Kids Online network
The results of a survey of nearly 10,000 children in 25 countries across Europe, this report details what children say upsets them and their friends online
Zero to Eight - Young Children and Their Internet Use (2013)
Holloway, D., Green, L., and Livingstone, S. with members of the EU Kids Online network,
This report reviews a number of other studies and provides recommendations as to how younger children can be protected from online risks.
Microsoft Computing Safety Index (MCSI). (2013)
Media Literacy in Europe: 12 Good Practices that will Inspire You (2013)
Evens Foundation
This document explores 12 cases across Europe of media literacy.
Helsper, E. J., Kalmus, V., Hasebrink, U., Sagvari, B. and De Haan, J. with members of the EU Kids Online network
With data from 25 of the European countries surveyed in EU Kids Online, the report examines the range and type of online opportunities, risks and harm which children from each country experience, as well as looking at ways in which parents control or mediate their children's Internet use.
Worldwide Online Bullying Survey (2012)
This survey explored children's experience of online bullying in 25 countries across the globe.
EU Kids Online: Excessive Internet Use among European Children (2012)
Smahel, D, Helsper, E, Green, L, Kalmus, V, Blinka, L, Ólafsson, K,
This report uses the data from the EU Kids Online study to examine excessive use of the Internet by children in the 25 participating countries.
EU Kids Online: National perspectives (2012)
Haddon, L., Livingstone, S., EU Kids Online Network
This report summarizes the Internet experiences of children in the 33 participating EU Kids Online countries and includes eight countries which have not appeared in previous reports.
Mobile Education in France (2012)
This is one of a series of country specific reports from the GSMA which considers the demand for mobile education from the formal education sector perspective.
Global Digital Communication: Texting, Social Networking Popular Worldwide (2012)
J. Menasce Horowitz, K. Simmons, J. Poushter, C. Barker
The report is a part of the Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project, which conducts opinion surveys on subjects ranging from people's assessments of their own lives to their views about the current state of the world and important issues of the day.
Risks and safety for children on the Internet: the FR report (2012)
C. Blaya, S. Alava
This report presents initial findings from the French survey of children and their parents designed to provide a unique insight into the balance of opportunities and risks experienced by children in France on the Internet.
Online Profile and Reputations Study (2012)
Microsoft and Edelman Berland
Commissioned to coincide with Privacy Day 2012, the study measured the respones of nearly 3,000 children and adults on their online activities.
This article aims to shed light on some of the critical legal questions faced by school administrators by reviewing several legislative actions and court cases involving problematic offline and online student speech or expressions. (2012)
Excessive Internet Use by European Children (2012)
D. Smahel, E. Helsper, L. Green, V. Kalmus, L. Blinka, K. Ólafsson
This report presents new findings and further analysis of the EU Kids Online 25-country survey regarding excessive use of the internet by children.
Leslie Haddon, Sonia Livingstone and the EU Kids Online network
This report summarizes the Internet experiences of children in the 33 participating EU Kids Online countries and includes eight countries which have not appeared in previous reports
Worldwide Online Bullying Survey. (2012)
The Protection of Children Online (2012)
Kristina Irion
The report provides key findings and policy recommendations to keep children safe online as a follow up to the 2008 Seoul Ministerial Declaration on the Future of the Internet Economy.
Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Full Findings (2011)
Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., Ólafsson, K
Building on the original study, EU Kids Online I, this second piece of research includes the findings from research which took place in 25 countries. Children in the 9 – 16 age group were surveyed on their experiences of online use, risk and safety
2010 Norton Online Family Report (2010)
Gaps in child activity and guardian awareness may present areas of vulnerability for children to come in contact with harm online. The researchers interviewed nearly 10,000 adults and children in 14 countries to understand children's online behavior and guardians' perceptions and understanding of that activity.
The report reveals how children are spending more time online and have had more negative online experiences than parents realize. It highlights different approaches taken by families globally and uncovers the emotional impact of children's negative online experiences.
Education on Online Safety in Schools in Europe (2009)
The study covers 30 European countries and provides information on whether online safety is taught and how it is taught in schools within the participating countries.
EU Kids Online: Final report (2009)
Livingstone, S., Haddon, L.
One of the foremost pieces of research into the online habits of children in the European Union is the EU Kids Online research, funded by the European Commission Safer Internet Plus Programme between 2006 and 2009.
Towards a safer use of the Internet for children in the EU - a parents' perspective (2008)
The study covers 27 EU Member States and provides parental responses to a range of questions relating to Internet safety and their perception of risk.
U.S. /European Summit on Missing & Exploited Children (2005)
International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children
Participants from different governments, law enforcement, and nongovernmental organizations participated in the U.S. /European Summit on Missing & Exploited Children. They discussed successes and shortcomings of current efforts to address the global problem of missing and exploited children, and adopted a comprehensive Action Plan.
Children and Their Changing Media Environment: A European Comparative Study (2001)
Sonia Livingstone, Moira Bovill
This book looks into the changing media environment that children face through the means of television, the Internet, and computers and video games and compares the experiences of children around Europe.
This section contains details of the country's laws as they relate to sexual offenses, children and the use of the Internet in the commission of criminal activity. Where possible, sentence details have been given, including whether an increased custodial penalty is imposed where the victim is a child.
2001 - France has signed, ratified and entered into law the Council of Europe's Convention on Cybercrime.
2004 - The French government passed the Law on Confidence in the Digital Economy (Law No. 2004-575) which obliged Internet Service Providers to provide filtering software to their customers, free of charge. Article 6 of the law also requires ISPs to work towards the fight against broadcasting infringements, such as the distribution of child pornography, amongst other things. They are obliged to implement a procedure that is easily accessible and visible, enabling anyone to communicate to them the presence of illegal content, whilst also taking any measures necessary to prevent or to put an end to harm caused by a online content. On request, ISPs have to allow the judicial authority access to data allowing the identification of anyone who has contributed to the creation of illegal content.
2005 - The AFA (Association of Internet Providers) issued a public commitment, reinforcing the agreement to provide filtering software at no charge by the first quarter of 2006.
Article 222-17, Penal Code. This Article states that it is a criminal offense to threaten to commit a felony or a misdemeanor against a person. This incurs a prison sentence of up to six months or a fine of €7,500. If it is repeated (or is evidenced in written form) and the threat is of death, the penalty increases to three years' imprisonment or a fine of up to €45,000.
Article 222-18, Penal Code. States that a threat to commit a felony or a misdemeanor against a person if they fail to complete a specified task is punished by up to three years' imprisonment and a fine of €45,000. The penalty is increased to five years' imprisonment and to a fine of €75,000 where the threat is one of death.
Article 222-22, Penal Code. States that where sexual aggression was committed abroad against a minor by a French national or a person habitually resident in France, French law applies.
Article 222-23, Penal Code. Defines rape as any act of sexual penetration committed against another person by violence, constraint, threat or surprise. It is punishable by fifteen years' imprisonment.
Article 222-24, Penal Code. Imposes an increased penalty of 20 years' imprisonment when, amongst other definitions, the rape is committed against a minor under the age of fifteen or where it has been brought about though the use of a communications network.
Article 222-25, Penal Code. States that rape is punishable by thirty years' imprisonment where it caused the death of the victim.
Article 222-26, Penal Code. Further increases the penalty for rape to imprisonment for life when it is preceded, accompanied or followed by torture or acts of barbarity.
Article 222-27, Penal Code. This Article states that any sexual aggression other than rape is punishable by five years' imprisonment and a fine of €75,000.
Article 222-28, Penal Code. Imposes an increased penalty of up to seven years' imprisonment and a fine of €100,000 if, amongst other definitions, the victim of sexual aggression has been brought into contact with the perpetrator through the use of a telecommunications network; where the offense has caused injury; or where the crime was committed jointly by two or more persons.
Article 222-29, Penal Code. An aggravated penalty of up to seven years' imprisonment and a fine of €100,000 applies if sexual aggression was committed against a minor under the age of fifteen.
Article 222-30, Penal Code. This Article states that where an act of sexual aggression is perpetrated against a minor under the age of fifteen and injury results, or where the offender is in a position of authority over the minor victim, the sentence increases to ten years' imprisonment and a fine of up to €150,000.
Article 222-31, Penal Code. States that any attempt to commit an offense under Articles 222-27 to 222-30 is punishable by the same penalties.
Article 222-32, Penal Code. States that where a person exposes their sexual organs in a public place they may be sentenced to up to one year's imprisonment and a fine of €15,000.
Article 222-33, Penal Code. Imposes a penalty of one year's imprisonment and a fine of €15,000 for anyone who harasses another person for the purpose of obtaining sexual favors.
Article 222-33-2, Penal Code. This Article deals with the offense of harassing another person by repeated conduct, causing emotional distress or impeding their ability to work. The offense is punishable by up to a year's imprisonment and a fine of €15,000.
Article 225-4-1, Penal Code. Defines human trafficking as the recruitment, transport, transfer, accommodation, or reception of a person in exchange for remuneration or any other benefit, in order to subject the victim to procuration, sexual assault or attack, exploitation for begging, or the imposition of living or working conditions inconsistent with human dignity, or to force this person to commit any felony or misdemeanor. Human trafficking is punished by seven years' imprisonment and by a fine of €150,000.
Article 225-4-2, Penal Code. Imposes an aggravated penalty of ten years' imprisonment plus a fine of €1,500,000 if, amongst other circumstances, human trafficking is committed against a minor.
Article 225-4-3, Penal Code. States that where human trafficking is committed by an organized gang, the penalty will increase to 20 years' imprisonment and a fine of €3,000,000.
Article 225-4-4, Penal Code. Further increases the penalty for human trafficking to life imprisonment and a fine of €4,500,000 where it is committed with recourse to torture or acts of barbarity.
Article 225-5, Penal Code. Defines procuring as to help, assist, protect, or make a profit from the prostitution of others, or to train or corrupt a person with a view to exercise pressure on that person to engage in prostitution. Procuration is punishable by seven years' imprisonment and a fine of €150,000.
Article 225-6, Penal Code. States, among other things, that the penalty imposed in the preceding Article also applies to anyone who acts as an intermediary between two person, one of whom is engaged in prostitution and the other exploits or remunerates prostitution.
Article 225-7, Penal Code. Increases the penalty for procuration to ten years' imprisonment and a fine of €1,500,000 where procuration is committed in respect of a minor, among other offenses.
Article 225-7-1, Penal Code. States that where the victim of procuration is a minor under the age of fifteen, the offender will be liable to imprisonment for fifteen years and a fine of €3,000,000.
Article 225-8, Penal Code. This Article further increases the penalty for procuration to 20 years imprisonment plus a fine of €3,000,000 when it has been committed by an organized gang.
Article 225-9, Penal Code. States that where procuration is committed by resorting to acts of torture or barbarity, the offender will be liable to imprisonment for life and a fine of €4,500,000.
Article 225-12-1, Penal Code. This Article covers the offense of soliciting, accepting or obtaining, in exchange for remuneration, sexual relations with a minor who engages in prostitution. The offense is punishable by three years' imprisonment and a fine of €45,000.
Article 225-12-2, Penal Code. Imposes an aggravated penalty of five years' imprisonment and a fine of €75,000 for an offense under Article 225-12-1 if the victim was put in contact with the offender by the use of a computer network; where the offense is committed habitually or against more than one person; where the offense was committed by a person abusing their position of authority. This is further aggravated to seven years' imprisonment and a fine of €100,000 if the victim is under fifteen years of age.
Article 226-1, Penal Code. This Article imposes a penalty of one year's imprisonment and a fine of €45,000 where a person records, photographs or transmits an image of a person who is in a private place and where the recording is made without consent.
Article 226-2, Penal Code. Applies the same penalty as above to anyone who keeps or brings to the knowledge of the public any recording or document obtained as set out in Article 226-1.
Article 227-21, Penal Code. States that the direct provocation of a minor to commit a felony or misdemeanor is punishable by five years' imprisonment and a fine of €150,000. Where it concerns a minor under the age of fifteen and the minor is provoked habitually, or where the offense is committed inside a school or educational institution, an increased penalty of up to seven years' imprisonment plus the same fine will apply.
Article 227-22, Penal Code. This Article imposes a penalty of five years' imprisonment and a fine of €75,000 for anyone who assists in the corruption of a minor. This will be increased to seven years' imprisonment and a fine of €100,000 where the minor is under fifteen years of age; where the minor was put into contact with the offender by the use of a telecommunication network; or where the offense is committed inside an educational institution. The same penalties apply to any adult organizing meetings involving indecent exposure or sexual relations at which minors are present or participating. Where the offense was committed by an organized gang, the penalty will be increased to ten years' imprisonment and a fine of €1,000,000.
Article 227-23, Penal Code. States that taking, recording or transmitting a picture of a minor with a view to circulating it, where that image is of a pornographic character, is punishable by five years' imprisonment and a fine of €75,000. The same penalty applies to offering or distributing such a image by any means. The penalty is increased to seven years' imprisonment and a fine of €100,000 where communications networks were used to distribute the image to an unrestricted public audience. Attempted offenses carry the same penalties as above. Possessing such an image is punishable by two years' imprisonment and a fine of €30,000. Where any of the offenses under this Article were committed by an organized gang, a penalty of ten years' imprisonment plus a fine of €500,000 will apply. The provisions of this Article also apply to the pornographic images of a person whose physical appearance is that of a minor, unless it is proved that the person was over eighteen on the day his picture was taken or recorded.
Article 227-24, Penal Code. This Article states that it is a criminal offense to transport, distribute or manufacture any message that is pornographic in nature. This is punishable by three years' imprisonment and a fine of €75,000, where the message may be seen by a minor.
Article 227-25, Penal Code. States that it is an offense to engage in a sexual offense against a minor under the age of fifteen, even without the threat of violence or the use of constraint. The penalty for this is five years' imprisonment and a fine of €75,000.
Article 227-26, Penal Code. States that it is a crime to commit a sexual offense against a minor who is under fifteen in the following circumstances: the offender is in a position of authority over the victim; the minor was contacted by the offender by way of a telecommunications network; the offense was committed jointly by two or more persons, among other definitions. This is punishable by up to ten years' imprisonment and a fine of €150,000.
Article 227-27, Penal Code. Imposes a penalty of imprisonment for two years and a fine of €30,000 for anyone committing sexual acts without violence against a minor over the age of fifteen where the offender is in a position of authority over the victim.
Online Child Sexual Exploitation
2003 - France ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children child prostitution and child pornography.
2008/2009 - The French Ministry of the Interior works with ISPs to block internet content that is related to child pornography, terrorism and racial hatred, or attempted fraud. These efforts are implemented under laws such as the somewhat controversial LOPPSI 2 law brought before Parliament in 2009 and adopted in 2011, which authorized the blacklisting of sites with harmful content, criminalised online identity theft, and allowed police to tap Internet connections and phone lines during investigations of child pornography. The Ministry also maintains international collaboration by passing information about illegal sites run from overseas to the host countries, Europol, and/or Interpol.
2011 - The French Internet Resilience Observatory was established under the National Information Security Agency (ANISSI) to monitor internet implementation and "resilience," which it defined as "the ability to operate during an incident and return to the nominal state." The organization works to monitor and adopt safe and efficient internet practices.
2013 - 2016 - In response to the Rio Call for Action, France has undertaken increased efforts to address child exploitation, particularly with regard to sex tourism. For example, ECPAT France is participating in a European project called "Don't Look Away!" that aims to suppress child sexual exploitation by providing resources for reporting and encouraging people to act when they see signs abuse taking place.
2015 - The French Association of Internet Providers (AFPI, also referred to as the AFA) received an award for its Contact Point project, which provides a reporting mechanism for harmful content online, such as child pornography. The AFA presented its initiative Point de Contact for this 2015 edition with the theme "Cyber crime and prevention in the digital space." Contact Point has a close cooperation with the Central Office for the Fight against Crime related to Information and Communication Technologies (OCLCTIC) and is a founding member of the international association of "hotlines" Internet INHOPE, who fight against child pornography.
Also in 2015, AFPI released a report on its work, noting recent challenges with monitoring online content and reporting record high rates of elimination of child pornography based on hotline reports.
2016 - In honor of Safer Internet Day, the AFPI published resources on the topic of "Sextortion," referring to online blackmail using sexual images or information. The sources published a cartoon representation of the issue, along with information about safety tips and the laws that may be violated by such behavior (including extortion/blackmail, cyber harassment, publishing of photos without consent, child pronography, etc.). Previous cartoon resources published by AFPI addressed issues such as online grooming, sexting, and child pornography.


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Mobiesta: Planning strategic Alliances with IPTV Manufacturers
Q.1: What are your estimates on the growth of mobile advertising in India. With TRAI becoming more serious about unsolicited commercial calls, will the advertising take a beating?
Ans: India is like a gold mine for the mobile advertisers. Here in India, with a population of 1.18 billion and with the number of people using mobile phone burgeoning with a mark of 752 million and still adding we need not say any more. Now that the people are going for mobile internet rather broadband, mobile advertising has a lot of space to put its foot forward. India to be the second country after China to have the maximum number of mobile phone users, promises a safe haven for mobile advertisers to play their cards. It's needless to say when the big players of the telecom industry like Google and Apple jumped on the bandwagon and were busy buying themselves Quattro Wireless and AdMob respectively the business of mobile advertising had nothing more to boast about. It is the era of APP-VERTISING.
Although mobile advertising is only aiming the stars when it comes to excelling but in this haste of making the big mark out there in the market they have also led to something called as Unsolicited Commercial Calls (UCC). This has led TRAI to set up a Customer Preference Registration Facility which allows the user to either register or deregister from receiving these calls. Further steps have also been taken to curb this menace of UCC like assigning a distinct number to the tele caller and a time duration of 12 hours between 9am to 9pm only etc.
Mobiesta -your mobile fun guide' provides a breakthrough to the advertisers. It is going to be a dream come true for the advertiser that such a leverage is being provided they can actually judge what an individual demands out of the advertiser. This makes it further easier for them to crack out strategies which can hit the bull's eye.
This has resulted into a stagnant situation of the advertiser where they do not reach the desired number of users which ultimately leaves them unaware of the demands and requirements of the consumer. But the business world has always opted for a -Never say die attitude' and so they will find the best way out to cope up with this situation.
Q.2: What are your guidance to operators and advertisers?
Due to a bigger chunk of the market share dominated by the mobile network operator the aggregator and the developer are left with a meager margin which restricts them from innovation. We expect support and co-operation from the service operators for the progress of the VAS ecosystem.
The advertisers and advertising agencies should see Mobile as -the fourth screen of Media' and applications such as Mobiesta as the channel to reach out to their target consumers. The understanding of Mobile having the maximum penetration among all other media has to be realized and utilized.
Q.3: What are the demands of your customers?
Ans: Our consumers need to plan their time and have them properly pinned down and organized. All this requires an application which can instantaneously let them know what is happening where, when and how can they reach the event. Their needs don't have an end here itself. All the information that they want should be dynamic and filtered that is available on the move. Our consumers want to immediately call on the details given for a particular venue for confirmations and simultaneously share their plans with their friends as well. The very need of there is well recognized and resolved. Then they want themselves to go easy on their pocket and want all of it free. And so do we give them, absolutely free. Our application costs nothing and can be downloaded for free.
The people on the move as well don't want their schedule to go awry when they land in another city and hence Mobiesta is serving them in 5 metro cities (Mumbai, Delhi, Pune, Hyderabad, and Bangalore) and continues to expand its horizon across the country. Apart from being not only your fun guide Mobiesta also cares for you if you happen to land in some emergencies. Mobiesta provides you with all the possible emergency contact numbers of the city.
The increasing affinity towards lifestyle application which relieves the user of breaking his heads over event schedules, newspaper or city guides made us to start this drive called Mobiesta and it still continues to feed their appetite of being organized and updated. And we still don't stop here as we have m-coupons, payment gateway to offer to our users. This is the current demand of our consumers that is being well served.
Mobiesta doesn't stop here itself. It has geared up for its bright future as well. After all this if the users still seek for a second opinion on the events listed, we'll soon provide them with user reviews and ratings as well. Later we'll also equip them with feature to find out direction to the concerned venue and GPS.
Now that 3G is all served right to the users they expect high speed internet. The next appetite is for the local content that the users crave for. Be it the mobile application, mobile website or the constantly ticking advertisements. This not only gives them a familiarity with the content but also increases the chances of impact that the content creates. Rather than anything else they want applications on their mobile phones that too which serve their demand of movies and content. With the added pleasure that every month 4-5 million new subscribers are adding in the user base we insist on reaching them with our application.
Not ignoring the great interest of the users towards the video viewing and downloading over the mobile, Mobiesta also plans on how to create a perfect milieu which is mutually beneficial for the three players of the game i.e. the consumer, the advertiser and us.
Q.4: Local content is not growing even in the wake of 3G launches. What are the solutions?
Ans: Content syndication with web portals and maps solves this problem to a very minute extent but it does not fulfill the requirement of the user. For example, there are Applications that would tell where is Hard Rock Café but it would not tell which band is playing over there and at what time. Mobiesta functions through a large pool of content aggregators and advertisers that provide them with local content. We provide local information to an extent that includes Street Food and cultural festivals at various lacales.
Q.5: Is India's VAS eco system strong enough to compete with big operators?
Ans: The decreasing call charges in India have further decreased the Average Revenue Per User. Which is an obvious indication that mobile can no longer be treated as just a communication tool to earn revenue. The need of mining out a separate channel for earning revenue led to the invention of VAS. The VAS ecosystem chain in India is a complex ecosystem but yet it is undefined in various manners. The entities in the VAS ecosystem perform more than one function and are focusing how to expand further. Thus we can say that the Indian VAS ecosystem is still in the nascent stage. But the big operators in India like Airtel, Reliance, Vodafone etc have left no stone unturned in utilizing the cash cow named VAS.
However if we look down the road we will see that VAS has undergone a lot of structural changes, consolidation and a lot of cutting edge services. There have been various shifts in the VAS business. The major one being the shift from entertainment and music to user generated and mCommerce. Users today opt VAS as the criteria for their selection of operators. Regional content getting more popularity and increasing feasibility of mobile applications are amongst the major factors as well.
Q. 6: How can VAS players become more competitive?
Ans: The VAS players have dealt several cards in order to prove their dominance. The most noticeable ones being the various platforms for the VAS delivery and venturing into several genres of VAS like entertainment, info and mCommerce VAS. But they need to cope up with the challenges that specially the Indian market poses for them. They need to overcome these hurdles in order to become the mentor of VAS business in India. The first and the foremost is the requirement of changing the focus from youth to other demographic profile of consumers. They need to establish facilities for niche market which shall create real value for subscribers.
Further on comes the development of the new high end VAS which enable the users to experience a whole new set of services like Video sharing, location based services. But that has to wait until the introduction of new technologies like 3G. Next is to deal with the high costs of the VAS which is mainly due to the major focus on the entertainment based VAS which the user perceives to be costly but this perception will not sustain and ultimately they will decline themselves from availing the MNP.
Next step requires an initiative at the ends, the developer and the operator. They should adopt a more transparent way of revenue sharing which brings an ease in the tension that has built amongst the operators and the developers in the matters of revenue sharing. Even the other entities in between this chain should contribute towards this initiative. Currently the blame is put on the operators that they eat up the larger chunk of the revenue earned.
These early initiatives will definitely lead to a healthy progress of the VAS industry and also give way to further developments that are necessary for this industry to boom.
Q.7: What are the new trends in the market?
Ans: Rich media advertising that offers more in application interactivity via video, sound, gamin etc. The rich media advertising makes the advertisements more attractive and engaging. The user can virtually experience the ads and hence is able to give a more valuable feedback to the advertisers.
Another trend to be seen in the near future is the foremost importance given to the location. The location based applications are on their full swing and every body is eager to see how this location positioning can be utilized for advertising. Specially the regional ads which can be triggered on the person's mobile. Many consumers are availing the location based applications on their mobile phones. It gives them freedom to measure the target audience on the basis of their geography, behavior and time frame, that too quite easily.
At last the most talked about trend is the video fad that has caught up with the internet users that is most likely to be enthusiastically adopted by the mobile users. Mobiesta is working on Video Advertising to be implemented with the acceptance of 3G in India. Although mobile video is not of that much importance to the mobile advertisers but their promising potential advocates a strong foothold for earning revenue.
Q.8: What are your expansion plans?
Ans: Never tired and always ready to explore the new galore of possibilities Mobiesta maintains the same attitude when it comes to business. We have an entire horizon to be touched and we have made all our plans. Currently operating as a mobile lifestyle application we are trying our level best to cater to every need that a probable user would expect us to have. On the future track we pave our way to set up strong alliances with Nokia, Blackberry, Android, Airtel and Samsung for portability across all the platforms. We have started including m-coupons and payment gateways where transactions could be directly made. We intend to include features like getting directions, reviews, ratings of all the events listed. In the later stage we'll also bring GPS to our application.
As the video viewing and downloading is catching the fever we are also looking ways of integrating video advertisements and descriptions for the advertisers. We also look forward in making strategic alliances with the IPTV manufacturers. All along the set goals we so aim to showcase ourselves as other lifestyle application like gaming guide and business guide.
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How long is Lifehack going to continue to be a beta?
It seems like Lifehacks has been in the Beta stage for a long time. When is lifehacks going to come out as a full site? Or is Beta just part of the title?
Here's a graph of or activity as a site, from when we came out to now. Note the drop off in questions (causing a drop off in all the other areas as well).
Like Robert said, it is absolutely fine to not be graduating. It's better that we focus on post quality, than to try to artificially boost site activity. That being said, lets try to have a welcoming environment for new users, and make the learning curve as painless as possible. That will indirectly help with the quantity of material we're getting.
The short answer is until you reach 10 questions/day.
But the word "beta" doesn't really mean the same thing you've come to know in the typical software life cycle. I've been a long-time proponent of removing the "beta" label when the site is no longer in testing, but as it stands now, a site will continue to be in beta until it consistently receive about 10 questions/day. That's a pretty big site, so please understand that it is perfectly acceptable (and sometimes even expected) that you may never reach that point. There is no specific time frame where you are expected to get out of beta. You can retain that beta label essentially forever and have a perfectly functional site.
This site is for discussion about Lifehacks Stack Exchange. You must have an account there to participate.
Is there anything that isn't on-topic here?
Saving "Lifehacks" — Can we make this a topic space instead of a vague buzzword?
What's the difference between a Lifehack and a DIY solution?
What is the general premise regarding lots of questions with answers from the same user?
What will happen on day 90 of Lifehacks public beta?


The two siblings try to elbow one another out of the way as they lunge for the controls of the computer on the second-floor landing of the Tech Museum of Innovation. There are whispers and giggles as they begin to design a virtual robot on the large color screen. But after no more than 30 seconds there's only silence.
"I thought they would have newer computers," complains Nuri Hidalgo, 14. "What I wanted was real robots for us to control," says her 12-year-old brother, Josue, with a sigh.
When "The Tech"--a 132,000-square-foot, mango-and-electric blue architectural monument to Silicon Valley innovation--opened its doors nearly three years ago, it mocked the idea of museums as timeless interpreters of history. It was, as early board member Regis McKenna put it, more about tomorrow than yesterday.
But as technology has surged, the museum has had trouble keeping up.
A handful of the 240 or so exhibits always seems to be broken. Others use technology that has become outdated. Given the speed of innovation lately and more people having access to computers at home or school, science and technology museums across the nation are struggling with how to remain relevant.
"By the time you've made the exhibits, the subject is no longer of much interest, or maybe things have changed radically," said David W. Ellis, president of the Museum of Science in Boston. "This is a problem in the computer world more than any other."
The Tech's digital studio, for instance--which lets people create their own mini-movies--might seem primitive to those who have tried Apple Computer's jazzy new iMovie tool, which comes preinstalled on its machines. The umbrella-covered terminals where visitors can chat with one another online might seem ordinary in a world where people have already begun to zap instant messages on cell phones and pagers.
Visitors to another display are greeted by the message: "Online and wireless connections give us new ways to meet people, keep in touch and work or play together." That sounds like an America Online commercial--from five years ago.
Even the seemingly cool machine that lets people scan their heads into a 3-D image began to look dated after a London company came out with a product that lets people scan in their whole bodies and move the image around on a computer screen.
Taesang Uhm, a 36-year-old technical consultant from Seoul, Korea, who was visiting the Tech with friends recently, could find hardly anything that interested him. He left after wandering around for an hour or so. "This is Silicon Valley," he said with a frown. "I expected more advanced, leading technology."
It turns out technology is an issue even for exhibits that aren't specifically about technology. Abbie Chessler, a Laurel, Md., museum display consultant, remembers having to overhaul her designs for the Experience Music Project--former Microsoft Corp. executive Paul Allen's state-of-the-art rock 'n' roll museum in Seattle--more than a few times to integrate new sound and display inventions. About 10 months before she started construction, Chessler says she finally gave up and decided to lock in the hardware and software.
"Of course you want the absolute latest and best, but there does come a point when you have to draw the line," Chessler said.
Ellis, the president of the Boston museum, says it typically takes 18 months or more to create a permanent display--an eternity in a world where small electronic breakthroughs seem to happen every day.
His museum's way of coping has been to create a separate wing--the "Current Science & Technology Center"--which features exhibits and presentations that rotate every few months. The space, which opened in the spring, features a robot dinosaur, a robot tuna and other robots on loan from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Northeastern University and other schools.
Rachel Hellenga, director of exhibits for the Tech, says the museum sets aside $500,000 to $1 million a year to upgrade about 10% of the floor space. The museum already anticipates having to re-create its Internet and genetics sections because so much has changed since they were erected almost three years ago.
The Tech also has set aside space for rotating exhibits and demonstrations and offers four "curiosity counters" where staff members or volunteers show off the latest electronic gizmos. They sometimes feature prototypes of products not yet on the market, such as a child's wristwatch with a global positioning system that can pinpoint the wearer's location. But most of the time they are the same things one might find at a Sharper Image or in an online computer catalog.


the official site for AppleFest entertainment!
Live music, beer and wine garden, great food, crafts, artwork, kids activities and much more! Sponsored by the Cedaredge Area Chamber of Commerce, AppleFest celebrates the arts, the bountiful local harvest and the rich history of the Surface Creek Valley.
The festival admission is free.
Check out our Facebook page for updated info on all things AppleFest Music!


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Periclimenes indicus är en kräftdjursart som först beskrevs av Kemp 1915.  Periclimenes indicus ingår i släktet Periclimenes och familjen Palaemonidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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text:
It's the Political Economy, Stupid
TAGS / TOPICS
Publication "It's the Political Economy, Stupid" (info)
A cycle of exhibitions curated by Oliver Ressler and Gregory Sholette
Globalization, privatization, flexible work schedules, deregulated markets; 30 years of neoliberal capitalism has driven most of the world's governments to partly or wholly abandon their previous role as arbitrators between the security of the majority and the profiteering of the corporate sector. It comes as no surprise therefore that when problems in the US real estate and financial sectors resulted in a global financial crisis starting in 2008 governments all over the world pumped trillions of dollars into banks and insurance companies, essentially creating the largest transfer ever of capital into the private sector. One argument often cited for this unprecedented action was that many of these transnational corporations were 'too big to fail.' Still, despite these enormous expenditures millions of people soon lost their homes and livelihood, and the economic and social damage has not yet ended.
Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler "The Bull Laid Bear"; Linda Bilda, "Labor and Capital". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Austrian Cultural Forum, New York, 2012 (Photo: David Plakke)
Linda Bilda, "The Future and End of the Golden World". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Austrian Cultural Forum, New York, 2012 (Photo: David Plakke)
flo6x8, "Body Versus Capital". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Galerija Nova, Zagreb, 2014
flo6x8, "Body Versus Capital"; Isa Rosenberger, "Espiral – A Dance of Death in 8 Scenes". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
Superflex, "The Financial Crisis". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
Filippo Berta, "Homo Homini Lupus". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
Dread Scott, "Money to Burn". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson, "Lobbyists"; Melanie Gilligan, "Crisis in the Credit System"; Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler "The Bull Laid Bear". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
Field Work, "The Revenge of The Crystals"; Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman, "Reading Lenin with Corporations". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
Dread Scott, "Money to Burn". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Austrian Cultural Forum, New York, 2012 (photo: David Plakke)
Isa Rosenberger, "Espiral – A Dance of Death in 8 Scenes". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Austrian Cultural Forum, New York, 2012 (photo: David Plakke)
Linda Bilda, wall drawing; Jan Peter Hammer, "The Anarchist Banker". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Austrian Cultural Forum, New York, 2012 (photo: David Plakke)
Melanie Gilligan, "Crisis in the Credit System"; Jan Peter Hammer, "The Anarchist Banker"; Alicia Herrero, "Bank: Art & Economies". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Austrian Cultural Forum, New York, 2012 (photo: David Plakke)
Institute for Wishful Thinking, "Post-Fordist Variations". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Austrian Cultural Forum, New York, 2012 (photo: David Plakke)
The cost of these bailouts is staggering. States borrowed capital to rescue financial institutions resulting in growing national debt and virtual insolvency for some countries. Managing these budget deficits might have been possible if wealthy transnational corporations were forced to assist the economy, but neoliberal governments instead chose to introduce belt-tightening programs that radically reduce public services and social welfare. Needless to say, these austerity measures do not necessarily reflect the will of the majority, and increasing voter apathy is one serious side effect of such top-down decision-making.
Paolo Cirio, "Loophole for All". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Gallery 400/University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013
Institute for Wishful Thinking, "Post-Fordist Variations". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Gallery 400/University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013
Dread Scott, "Money to Burn". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Gallery 400/University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013 (photo: Tom Van Eynde)
flo6x8, "Body Versus Capital"; Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler "The Bull Laid Bear". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Gallery 400/University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013 (photo: Tom Van Eynde)
Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen, "Rock the Cradle"; Melanie Gilligan, "Crisis in the Credit System". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", NeMe Arts Centre, Limassol, 2014
Poster "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", NeMe Arts Centre, Limassol, 2014
Noel Douglas, "Abstract Forces" (detail). Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", NeMe Arts Centre, Limassol, 2014
Alicia Herrero, "Bank: Art & Economies"; Isa Rosenberger, "Espiral – A Dance of Death in 8 Scenes". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", NeMe Arts Centre, Limassol, 2014
Christopher Christou, "Habitus"; "Body Versus Capital", Field Work, "The Revenge of The Crystals". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", NeMe Arts Centre, Limassol, 2014
flo6x8, "Body Versus Capital"; Field Work, "The Revenge of The Crystals". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", NeMe Arts Centre, Limassol, 2014
Noel Douglas, "Abstract Forces"; Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson, "Lobbyists"; Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler, "The Bull Laid Bear". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Galerija Nova, Zagreb, 2014
Today, we are facing a catastrophe of capitalism that has also become a major crisis for representative democracy. The very idea of the modern nation state is in jeopardy as the deterritorialized flow of finance capital melts down all that was solid into raw material for market speculation and bio-political asset mining. It is the social order itself, and the very notion of governance with its archaic promise of security and happiness that has become another kind of modern ruin. Theorist Slavoj Žižek puts it this way, 'the central task of the ruling ideology in the present crises is to impose a narrative which will place the blame for the meltdown not on the global capitalist system as such, but on secondary and contingent deviations (overly lax legal regulations, the corruption of big financial institutions, and so on).'[1]
Noel Douglas, "Abstract Forces". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Center for Cultural Decontamination, Belgrade, 2013 (Photo: Vladan Jeremic)
"It's the Political Economy, Stupid" [2] brings together a group of superlative artists who focus on the current crisis in a sustained and critical manner. Rather than acquiesce to our current calamity this exhibition asks if it is not time to push back against the disciplinary dictates of the capitalist logic and, as if by some artistic sorcery, launch a rescue of the very notion of the social itself.
[1] Slavoj Žižek, First as Tragedy, Then as Farce. Verso Books, London/New York 2009, S. 19
[2] Der Ausstellungstitel It's the Political Economy, Stupid basiert auf Slavoj Žižeks Umformulierung der weitverbreiteten Redewendung "It's the economy, stupid", die während der erfolgreichen Präsidentschaftskampagne von Bill Clinton 1992 gegen den amtierenden Präsidenten George Bush Senior zirkulierte.
Filippo Berta, "Homo Homini Lupus"; Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen, "Rock the Cradle". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
Field Work, "The Revenge of The Crystals". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Pori Art Museum, Pori, 2013
"It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Center for Cultural Decontamination, Belgrade, 2013 (photo: Srdjan Veljovic)
Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson, "Lobbyists"; Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler, "The Bull Laid Bear"; Noel Douglas, "Abstract Forces". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Galerija Nova, Zagreb, 2014
flo6x8, "Body Versus Capital"; Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler, "The Bull Laid Bear". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Centre of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki, 2012
Linda Bilda, "The Future and End of the Golden World". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Centre of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki, 2012
Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson, "Lobbyists"; Institute for Wishful Thinking, "Post-Fordist Variations". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Centre of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki, 2012
Jan Peter Hammer, "The Anarchist Banker"; Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen, "Rock the Cradle". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Centre of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki, 2012
"It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Centre of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki, 2012
Superflex, "The Financial Crisis"; Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson, "Lobbyists". Installation view: "It's the Political Economy, Stupid", Open Space, Open Systems, Vienna, 2011
The exhibition is accompanied by a publication, "It's the Political Economy, Stupid: The Global Financial Crisis in Art and Theory" (Pluto Press, 2013), featuring essays by Slavoj Žižek, Brian Holmes, Judith Butler, David Graeber, Julia Bryan-Wilson, John Roberts, and others.
"It's the Political Economy, Stupid" was presented in the following art institutions:
Open Space, Open Systems, Vienna (AT), 2011
Participating artists: Zanny Begg, Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson, Damon Rich, Superflex
Austrian Cultural Forum, New York (US) 2012
Participating artists: Linda Bilda / Julia Christensen / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / flo6x8 / Melanie Gilligan / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Isa Rosenberger / Dread Scott
Centre of Contemporary Art, Thessaloniki (GR), 2012
Participating artists: Filippo Berta / Linda Bilda / Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson / Julia Christensen / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / flo6x8 / Melanie Gilligan / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Isa Rosenberger / Dread Scott
Pori Art Museum, Pori (FI), 2013
Participating artists: Filippo Berta / Julia Christensen / Field Work / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / flo6x8 / Melanie Gilligan / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen / Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Isa Rosenberger / Dread Scott / Superflex
Center for Cultural Decontamination, Belgrade (RS), 2013
Participating artists: Filippo Berta / Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson / Paolo Cirio / Field Work / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / flo6x8 / Melanie Gilligan / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Isa Rosenberger / Dread Scott / Julia Christensen / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Noel Douglas
Gallery 400/University of Illinois at Chicago (US), 2013
Participating artists: Filippo Berta / Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson / Julia Christensen / Field Work / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / flo6x8 / Melanie Gilligan / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Dread Scott.
Galerija Nova, Zagreb (HR), 2014
Participating artists: Filippo Berta / Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson / Julia Christensen / Paolo Cirio / Field Work / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / flo6x8 / Melanie Gilligan / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Isa Rosenberger / Dread Scott / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Noel Douglas
NeMe Arts Centre, Limassol (CY), 2014
Participating artists: Filippo Berta / Christopher Christou / Noel Douglas / Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson / Paolo Cirio / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / Field Work / flo6x8 / Melanie Gilligan / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen / Suzanna Phialas / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Isa Rosenberger / Dread Scott / Marios Theophilides / Pavlos Vrionides
DAAP Galleries, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (US), 2016
Participating artists: Filippo Berta / Libia Castro & Ólafur Ólafsson / Paolo Cirio / Noel Douglas / Field Work / Yevgeniy Fiks & Olga Kopenkina & Alexandra Lerman / flo6x8 / Sylvain George / Melanie Gilligan / Jan Peter Hammer / Alicia Herrero / Institute for Wishful Thinking / Sherry Millner & Ernie Larsen / Zanny Begg & Oliver Ressler / Isa Rosenberger / Dread Scott
© 2021 Oliver Ressler.
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CS, a reader from Kenya, has outlined the positive ways he managed to cope with the grief of child loss. He lost his daughter at the age of 23.
Grieving a child is no doubt a difficult experience. By and large, death robs us of those we love, cherish and identify with in life. Just a few months back I lost my first born daughter. It was intensely painful and confusing.
Among many other things, her passing on at 23 years brought to a halt the grand plans I had for the future. Life seemed to have lost meaning. At such times, it was easy to sink into misery, grief and untold pain. But even though death robbed us of a person we really cherished, it also helped us realize that death also comes with its own unique positives for the courageous.
For starters, death offered us a chance to reflect on and actually celebrate her life. She was just about to graduate from college and the future was all inviting. Though it was actually painful that she was gone, it offered us a chance to reflect on how hard she had worked to get to college, the humanitarian missions she had volunteered to work for and her resolve to change the world around her. It helped me and my family to come to terms with the loss.
If you have also lost a daughter recently, here are valuable tips that will certainly uplift you as you strive to overcome the grief of child loss.
At times of sadness, it's normal to feel intense anger, fear, confusion and denial. Embrace the feelings as they come. By letting the feelings flow freely, you jump start the healing process and also accept that indeed, there's need to move on with your lives.
Sometimes death comes as a result of long term suffering due to illnesses such as cancer. It's painful and draining to the patient. While it's hard to overcome the loss in entirety, it's needful to understand that at times death brings an end to their suffering and pain.
In a moment of grief, your strength lies in associating with people who know how it feels to lose a loved one. Essentially, associating with like-minded people will help you regain control over your life rather than resigning to fate. More so, support groups will help keep you busy and minimize the impact of the loss of your child.
Find out the best way to choose a support group here.
I can't emphasize this fact enough. In times of grief, many forget about their physical and spiritual needs. They eat less, sleep less, and generally neglect their body's well being. This takes a toll on the body resulting in poor health, low self-esteem and confusion in life. To overcome a loss, ensure to eat well, sleep enough and exercise often.
Read about taking care of your health while grieving.
Avoid Relationships that May Hurt You.
Before she passed on, my daughter was an ardent follower of a youth empowerment group operating in the neighborhood. Often times, group members organized forums and invited their parents to the fair. After her passing though, attending the forums became a source of hurt and I therefore stayed away till I was ready to rejoin the group. You will also find it helpful to stay away from groups that remind you of her past until such a time you can handle the memories.
Note from Betty - author of this site - "Be very careful, though, not to isolate yourself". If there are some gatherings you can't face, don't stay in by yourself, choose another group to visit as CS says. Perhaps a support group of other grieving parents. Or just go out for coffee with a trusted friend or family member.
A bereaved parent is most vulnerable immediately after his/her daughter passes on. While the grief and the pain wane with time, seeing items associated with her can be a source of sustained agony and hurt. You should therefore keep away most of the items invoking the memories of grief. These include wall paintings, her favorite clothes, dolls and even books. While it isn't possible to suppress the memories in entirety, it certainly helps to overcome the raw grief.
Note from Betty - "Some have the opposite reaction to CS wanting to keep away his daughter's things. Many find it comforting to have the things around. Everyone is different and you shouldn't be afraid of grieving in your own way." Perhaps think about creating a comforting, personalised piece of Memorial Jewelry as a keepsake reminder to wear next to your heart.
The passing of your daughter will certainly force you to change your lifestyle to cope with the loss. This may involve taking in her children, moving closer to the siblings and more. It's also not uncommon to want to change your jobs or your residence in the belief that it will make you feel better. If you are faced with such a situation it's advisable to avoid making a decision until after the pain of loss has subsided somehow. Doing so will ensure you only make the right decisions.
Even though I haven't overcome the loss of my daughter in entirety, the above tips have helped me to soldier on and focus on things that really matter in life. I can at least afford a smile knowing that though the past has been hard and painful, the future is bright and welcoming.
If you have a story of how you have coped with your grief that you would like to share with us, you can use our Contact Page, or share on the Bereavement Forum.


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RSIS Seminar by Professor Jia Qingguo, Ngee Ann Kongsi Professor of International Relations, RSIS; and Dean, School of International Studies, Peking University
Identity Conflicts: An Alternative Explanation of China's Foreign Policy Behaviour
03 Aug 2016 15:30 - 17:00
RSIS Seminar Room 2, Blk 3.1, Level B3
Business or Office Attire
Lecture Abstract:
As a result of its rapid growth over the last few decades, China has become a country with conflicting identities. It is neither the China before its rise nor the China after its rise. And, to some extent, it is both at the same time. This has profound implications for China's foreign policy behaviour and for China's relations with the rest of the world. This talk will explore the role of identity conflicts in shaping China's foreign policy behaviour in general, and its handling of the South China Sea disputes in particular.
About the Speaker:
Jia Qingguo is Dean of the School of International Studies of Peking University. He received his Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1988. He has taught in University of Vermont, Cornell University, University of California at San Diego, University of Sydney in Australia as well as Peking University. He was a research fellow at the Brookings Institution between 1985 and 1986, a visiting professor at the University of Vienna in 1997 and a CNAPS fellow at the Brookings Institution between 2001 and 2002.
He is a member of the Standing Committee and the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the China Democratic League. He is also Executive Director of the Institute for China-US People-to-People Exchange of the Ministry of Education, Vice President of the Chinese American Studies Association, Vice President of China International Relations Studies Association and Vice President of Chinese Japanese Studies Association. He is serving on the editorial board of more than a dozen established domestic and international academic journals. He has published extensively on U.S.-China relations, relations between the Chinese mainland and Taiwan, Chinese foreign policy and Chinese politics.
[3 Aug 2016] Seminar by Professor Jia Qingguo
Lecture Abstract: As a result of its rapid growth over the last few decades, China has become a country with conflicting identities. It is neither the ...


Barbara established BY Projects Architecture in 2009, after some 20 years as Principal Architect and Director with Walker & Yerondais Architectural Partnership. With extensive Architectural and Project Management experience in designing and managing projects for both the private and public sectors. Barbara's experience and knowledge lies in her ability to lead any project through all stages of delivery. Her working philosophy of collaborative processes in design and delivery draws on the inspiration of the local environment and her client's desires.
Barbara has successfully delivered projects of all scales, from the smallest of residential and commercial renovations to master planning of substantial residential developments.
Barbara has a special interest in social inclusion and social housing, working on multiple public housing developments, as well as participating and presenting in seminars on Affordable Housing.
Actively involved in the architectural community, particularly in education and mentorship, Barbara has previously held lecturer's positions at RMIT and at The University of Melbourne in Construction, Project Planning and Property. She is regularly invited as a guest critic and formally involved as a mentor to young women in Architecture through the Australian Institute of Architects, having had a role on several Victorian AIA committees in past years. She is also active in social service and has been awarded a Paul Harris Fellow from Rotary International for services to the community.
Barbara is passionate about good design and sustainability of our built environments, and brings this passion to all her projects.
Project Architect, B.Arch (MELB), M.Arch (MELB) Hons, RAIA.
Howard has been with BY Project Architecture since 2014, and is a registered Architect. A graduate from the University of Melbourne with a Masters of Architecture (1st Class Honours), Howard has gained valuable experience guiding many projects to completion. He started tutoring at the University of Melbourne early in 2018 sharing his practical knowledge of contract administration and architectural practice whilst demonstrating his collaborative and progressive approach for design solutions. As a Project Architect, Howard pays great attention to details when it comes to design and planning. He is extremely capable of multitasking and managing projects of varying scales independently.
BY Projects Architecture specialises in different scopes of work and field. We range from Addition and Alteration to a Residence to Multi-Unit Apartments, Age Care Facility, Childcare and Education, Commercial and Retail. With Howard's personal attributes, architecture knowledge and computer skills, he specialises in renovation and multi-unit residential projects.
At BY Projects Architecture, we believe that communication and collaboration are the key to a successful project. Howard utilises his multilingual skills to assist and communicate with many clients with different backgrounds. He is fluent in English, Mandarin and Bahasa Melayu.
Graduate, B.Envs (MELB), M.Arch (MELB), RAIA.
Hamzah joined the BY team in 2017. He is an Architectural Graduate from Melbourne University with an innate passion for design that responds to people and the environment. Since completing his postgraduate degree, Hamzah has developed a strong interest in atmospheric architecture; curating spaces that evoke layers of emotion through form and materiality and by listening to the needs and aspirations of clients and moulding them into a viable built form.
Throughout his career, Hamzah has gained valuable insight into architectural design – working on multiple residential developments and developing 3D models for a variety of projects as a communicative tool. Hamzah possesses the unique ability to see beyond the brief and is accomplished at creating visualisation and presentation which provides the client with a clear idea of what is to be built and how a project will work.
There is much Hamzah brings to both the BY team and his clients as his scope of project knowledge and management skills continue to be finely tuned at BY Projects Architecture. Hamzah will be a registered Architect by the end of 2020.
Hwen recently joined BY Projects Architecture and holds a Master's degree in Architecture from Deakin University. During his time at university he further developed his interest in character focused architecture that responds uniquely to the specifications of the subject. Hwen is excited to be working on various Residential and Schools projects to allow him to explore his creative talents in space making.
Previous to his work with BY Projects Architecture Hwen was a Student of Architecture in a small practice in Kuala Lumpur. His role in the unit was to assist the Architect during the design development stage of projects by providing 3D visualisations, diagrams and preliminary drawings. Currently he is earning his stripes as an Architectural Graduate to achieve the skills of carrying a project from conception to completion. He hopes to attain the title of Architect by 2022.
Zeb graduated from Melbourne University with a Bachelor of Environments (First Class Honours) at the end of 2017 and joined the BY Projects Architecture team as an Architectural Graduate in 2018. As a student he received Dean's Honours for all three years of his degree and has brought his dedication to modern design techniques and a strong work ethic into the team at BY Architecture.
During his gap year Zeb aims to learn from the talented team at BY Projects, seeing him well prepared to commence the Masters program in 2019. He is interested in the balance between design and pragmatics in producing successful architecture.
Originally from Tasmania, Zeb's passionate about the environment and the way in which architecture can facilitate sustainable outcomes such as net-positive buildings. He believes strongly in the importance of universal access to nature via biophilic design to create fun, healthy, and liveable spaces.
Zeb was chosen as Student Representative for the Melbourne School of Design Architecture Building and Planning Library Subcommittee and shortlisted for the Positive Legacy Design award 2017.
Sara is the effervescent and highly organised person in the Team and responsible for practice administration, brainstorming our blog formats and keeping us social media savvy. She is also undertaking studies in Nursing and Health Care and is remarkably adept at juggling her work life balance.