I think there's a big difference between the European Parliament and the Polish Parliament and in particular the program followed by PIS since they were elected. The European Parliament follows a system whereby legislation comes into being. Matters are properly debated before a vote is taken. In general research is carried out on various proposals and is presented to members of the European parliament, concerns are aired and addressed, individual nations conduct their own research etc. There is a good deal of discussion and when the Parliament rejects something, it's back to the drawing board and the proposals have to be re-hashed. That's not the case in Poland. Legislation to which PIS anticipates objection, is pushed through as private members' bills as opposed to government proposals.
Also, if you look at the scale of changes in all keys areas including fixing things like the education system which clearly weren't broken, that PIS has wrought in a very short space of time - well any person of intelligence can see that there is really no comparison.
Now that's quite a sweeping statement. But even so, let's be sensible. Petty corruption, fiddling of expenses etc occurs in every individual member state of the EU at the domestic level, though it's far more prevalent in some than others. Therefore it stands to reason that it will occur in the European Parliament. I'm sure it happens in the USA as well.
One of the things that struck me about government when I was still a teenager is how ill-fitted for their positions many Ministers are. For example, the Minster for Foreign Affairs might be a former primary school teacher, the Minister for Health might be a former accountant. They basically rely on teams of civil servants to 'advise' them. That's how government works. We just have to get on with it.
You really do seem to have a B in your bonnet about the EU Maf. I'd still rather live in an EU member state, whatever its shortcomings, than in America. If Poland wasn't a member of the EU, just what do you think it would look like by now? Just ponder it for a minute. Really ponder it. Without the restrictions of EU membership reigning them in, and a few civilized norms being imposed on them by external forces, what kind of a dog's breakfast would the various political parties have made of the place by now?
In theory I support the EU but in the last some odd years it's been going off the rails and pretending it's not doing a lot of damage to itself won't change that. My criticism is because I support it (within well-defined limits).
what kind of a dog's breakfast would the various political parties have made of the place by now?
hmm .. for standards they don't care as long as they can impose their ideology and transfer out all the money they can. for what they care Poland could be ruled by the former military intelligence mafia. Secondly you are really patronizing git and with a sense they you Irish are somehow better, the same rationale had been used by the Brits to justify their 800 years rule over your little rainy Island.
I wonder now what the stance of the major newspapers in Western Europe is in regard to this. Does anyone know?
Germany and Spain already have similar legislation... and it hasn't helped at all.
It all really goes back to how unmanageable it is. Many of the weird aspects of the EU come from the early compromises, and it was never meant to work with 28 states. It was struggling with 12, and 15 was really the upper limit. Jumping to 25 was a disaster and done solely for political purposes when it should have been a much slower and gradual process.
The European Parliament should be the primary source of legislation, and the European Commission should be elected by the EP through the same system that the Northern Ireland Assembly uses to elect ministers. Mandatory power sharing would ensure that all political blocs were represented (the current requirements for factions to be recognised in the EP are fine), and the European Council would exist solely for the purposes of EU treaty change with no other powers to propose or dismiss legislation.
The Nord Stream pipeline is the latest example of a final resurrection of the Holy Roman Empire by Germany.
The stage is being set.
No wonder the Brits got out while the getting was good.
Poland should follow their lead.
The EU will need massive changes if it is to survive.
They have to recognise the sovereignty and patriotism of individual states.
Europeans will continue to identify with and have pride in their own countries,customs,anthems and flags.
They will never feel that passion for a United States of Europe.
I'm not blaming anyone. Just stating facts.
democracy in Poland is perceived as under threat by the other EU member states.
It's not "EU member states" and the reasons are obvious. If current gov had bought French helicopters, Airbus planes, sold LOT to Lufthansa for less than value of their fixed assets, bought TGV etc. (all the things that Tusk was promising) they would have been now called the champions of democracy, solidarity, real Europeans and so on.
The whole west (including US) commenting on democracy anywhere is a one big joke. You dudes have been doing dirty deals with the worst dictatorships in the world. The only reasons when you are "concerned" about democracy, human rights etc. is when authorities of some country start making "problems" to exploit their domestic markets, natural resources etc. by your corpos. Then suddenly your "independent media", NGOs etc. go into action starting black PR campaign, financing "democratic oppostition". The whole concept that you are some kind of judges of what's right and wrong is utterly ridiculous.
The whole west (including US) commenting on democracy anywhere is a one big joke.
Perfect. This sentence and the whole post. The biggest joke of all is the Americans freaking over the Russian interference. Half the world in nothing but one big, fat Exhibit A for the US interference. That list is so long that the hard drive running this forum would crash if I tried to post it.
Before you all get too carried away with anyone leaving in this obviously non aligned forum to what Poles actually think wait to see what happens to the uk next year. Your tiny eu leaving right wing minority will shrink even further.
No, Poland shouldn't. Unless you think that Poles should do without work, which combined with buying overpriced American gas would be an interesting social experiment.
I guess you have never heard of work visa's.
No, this is the 21st century, Poland build a damn nuclear reactor and have cheap clean energy.
Eastern Europe tried to stop Russia and Germany from building the first NORD Stream pipeline because they knew it would give Russia more leverage against them.
This second pipeline will give Russia even more leverage.
Convincing other people to come under your political control is hard.
Convincing them to join your economic union is much easier.
It's from 1914 when Germany wanted to create a European Union before WW1 and WW2.
Shall we go for WW3 ?
The gas crap is obsolete tech, Poland really needs to do other energy and throw the ruski gas away.
it was never meant to work with 28 states.
Totally agree. Just look at the Eurovision Song Contest these days!! Seriously though, letting the former Communist countries have full membership of the EU was a massive mistake. I can't believe how naive they were letting fledgling democracies join in that manner. It should have been some form of associate membership to begin with and the possiblity of backsliding should have been considered and appropriate legislation introduced to deal with it swiftly. My main complaint about the EU at present is how ineffective and weak they have been in handling the problems that started with Hungary in the first place. When you have an unruly child who's pushing boundaries right, left and centre, you don't reason with them, you put them firmly back in their place, and you do it instantly and every time they step out of line,back they go again until they learn how to behave appropriately.
Which problems would those be?
Both the 2004 expansion (too much too fast without enough institutional stability) and the introduction of the Euro (to solve problems that no longer existed) are examples of major hubris on the part of the EU.
The gross incompetence in their mishandling of the entirely predictable Euro crisis and the ongoing migration crisis are examples of institutional atrophy as most of the major players are simply trying to hang on to their power and privilege rather than find workable and lasting solutions to either problem.
Also the EU has done nothing to actually create any kind of emotional connection with EU citizens, for various reasons they cut themselves off from most real European traditions and cultures. Take the Euro, national currencies have pictures of real people or real places - the euro has a bunch of fake bridges that carry zero emotional resonance.
What's left is a bunch of slogans that no one believes and a surrender to financial interests of the largest countries ueber alles... who wants to sign on to that?
The European Union BE (Before Euro) had probably done more to eliminate poverty than any national or international institution in history.... how the might have fallen.
Google 'European Union' and it will say that it's origin was from the European Coal and Steel Industry in 1951.
True but the roots go much deeper.
The E.U.'s true origin connects the dreams of Kaisers and the ambitions of Hitler who had a vision for Europe that refuses to die.
Only this time when the East attacks Germany's Empire (E.U.) it will be merciless.
Time for Poland to get out of Germanys E.U.
national currencies have pictures of real people or real places - the euro has a bunch of fake bridges that carry zero emotional resonance.
Well the coins have country specific images on one side. We still have our postage stamps, our flags etc. Mind you I much prefer the old Irish coins which had lovely images like the deer and the salmon and the ancient Celtic designs, now it's just the harp.
How long before there's an EU Postal Directive that "harmonizes" postal rates (and stamps and the size of mailboxes and envelope sizes etc)?
now it's just the harp.
which makes it look like a Ryanair product tie in... (and now I want coins with deer and fish on them too!).
Wouldn't the Nordsteam Pipeline be much more appropriate to be on the Euro's ?
Poland made a good move not to give up their zloty.
It will make it much easier to Polexit when the free money runs out.
What exactly will be easier for Poland using the Zloty?
My favorite is the very proud rabbit.... how could you give that up?
The Polish zloty would de-value drastically if Poland left the EU, it would be virtually worthless, for a time at least.
The biggest problem is the way that the EU money keeps flowing without control. As I think everyone would agree, the EU lacks effective ways of dealing with these situations, simply because it wasn't imagined in the 1950's that countries would be so openly and massively corrupt. The entire mentality of the EU is still based on the original Franco-German economic and social union concept, and simply hasn't evolved since. For all the successes (Schengen, Single European Act, Four Freedoms, etc.), the architects of the EU simply couldn't imagine what emerged in Hungary.
You jest, but actually, would it be such a bad idea for standardised postal rates, so stamps could be used interchangeably all over the EU? Look at the massive success of free roaming (to the point where I can't imagine not using Google Maps abroad) - anything that allows freedom of movement isn't a bad thing in my opinion.
I remember trying to find stamps once in Greece and failing miserably because...Greeks. If I'd been able to buy postage online from the UK, print it out and stick it onto the letter, it would have been ten times easier.
In Polands case, because of the economical connections, the Zloty would be most probably pegged to the Euro.
e it wasn't imagined in the 1950's that countries would be so openly and massively corrupt.
Well that didn't start with Orban... the Gyrucsany government was far worse than even PiS (it was about as bad as PiS-ites claim PO was).
You jest, but actually, would it be such a bad idea for standardised postal rates, so stamps could be used interchangeably all over the EU?
the Zloty would be most probably pegged to the Euro.
Yes, it would have to be. That's the only reason it has any value now. I suppose it depends on how much Poland continues to isolate itself and throw in its lot with other half-baked countries like Hungary. If you look at most of the accession countries though, they're not really that keen on the Poland/Hungary model and I'm sure the smaller ones would be very wary of getting involved in an official Union where they'd be bullied and co-erced by the two big guys.


At True Concrete Siding, we're there to fulfill your goals for Concrete Siding in Utica, KY. You'll need the most advanced technology available, and our team of experienced contractors can provide this. Our materials are of the finest quality and we have learned to save money. Contact us today at 888-603-5512 and we'll be glad to investigate the choices, answer your concerns, and organize an appointment to initiate organizing your project.
Here at True Concrete Siding, we are aware that you want to keep within budget and save money everywhere you can. At the same time, you will need the very best and highest standard of work for Concrete Siding in Utica, KY. We provide the highest quality while costing you less. We work with the leading products and practices to ensure that your project can face up to the years, and save some costs in ways which do not modify the excellent quality of your job. For instance, we take care to steer clear of expensive errors, work efficiently to save time, and be sure that you'll get the very best deals on materials and work. Call True Concrete Siding whenever you want the most impressive services at a minimal price. Dial 888-603-5512 to talk with our client care reps, today.
Concrete Siding are available in Utica, KY.
You should be kept informed with regards to Concrete Siding in Utica, KY. We will never let you come up with poor judgments, as we know what we're working on, and we make sure you know very well what to expect from the task. You're not going to confront any kind of surprises if you work with True Concrete Siding. Begin by contacting 888-603-5512 to talk about your venture. We are going to answer your important questions and arrange the first meeting. We are going to work closely with you through the entire process, and our crew will appear promptly and well prepared.
You've got lots of reasons to look to True Concrete Siding for your requirements concerning Concrete Siding in Utica, KY. We have got the top customer satisfaction scores, the highest quality products, and the most helpful and reliable cash saving strategies. We are here to help you with the most practical knowledge and expertise in the field. Dial 888-603-5512 if you need Concrete Siding in Utica, and we are going to work together with you to expertly finish your task.


text:
Team Trump: Oval Office Tapes? Talk to My Lawyer
Close Enough
Team Trump appears to be outsourcing questions about anything even tenuously connected to James Comey to outside counsel.
Asawin Suebsaeng
In recent months, it has become a running joke in the Trump White House that the phrase most commonly uttered during press briefings is, "The tweet speaks for itself." Now, it appears that "I would refer you to outside counsel" is giving the former phrase a run for its money.
The White House is now referring inquiries about the existence, or nonexistence, of recording devices in the Oval Office to President Donald Trump's personal attorney—thus expanding the purview and portfolio of the embattled president's outside legal team.
It's also the latest example of a scandal-exhausted White House looking to get its agenda back on track by outsourcing, to the degree that it can, the public relations slog surrounding politically inconvenient questions to outside attorneys, allies, and advocacy groups.
On Thursday, White House deputy press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders referred a question about alleged recordings to Marc Kasowitz, the outside counsel handling media inquiries relating to ousted FBI director James Comey, the federal investigation into alleged Russian election meddling, the Trump campaign's alleged Russian-government ties, and the president's apparent efforts to hobble the probe.
When asked by The Daily Beast after the White House briefing on Thursday whether all questions about potential recordings—even ones that do not pertain at all to conversations between Trump and Comey—should be directed to Kasowitz, Sanders replied that outside counsel was "probably the best place to start."
National security attorney Bradley Moss suggested that the rationale behind the White House's deferring to outside counsel is likely as political as it is legal.
"Presumably they're trying to deflect for as long as possible and avoid addressing the issue," Moss said in an email. "The only way Kasowitz would have any knowledge on the subject is if he was informed of the existence or non-existence of recordings for evidentiary purposes in the context of preparing a possible defense to obstruction."
The range of topics covered by the White House's policy on such inquiries has grown considerably since it began referring all Comey-related questions to Kasowitz two weeks ago.
Trump's press staff is now deferring to outside counsel on questions ranging from Justice Department special counsel Robert Mueller's probe into potential obstruction of justice by the president to the identities of the "very bad and conflicted people" called out on the president's Twitter feed.
It was Trump himself who first raised the prospect of an Oval Office recording device. "James Comey better hope that there are no 'tapes' of our conversations before he starts leaking to the press!" @realDonaldTrump tweeted just days after sacking Comey early last month, a move that precipitated a torrent of leaks and led to the newly public obstruction investigation.
The day prior to that threatening tweet, The New York Times reported that President Trump had asked Comey to pledge his loyalty during a private White House dinner in January. Comey famously declined to promise "loyalty" for Trump.
Since then, three senior White House officials—Sanders, press secretary Sean Spicer, and counselor Kellyanne Conway—have refused to say whether or not the president actually records conversations in the Oval Office. But before Thursday, Trump's team had opted for non-answers instead of deferring to the president's legal team.
Trump pledged during a press conference last week to address the issue soon in public remarks, though the White House has not said when he will do so.
"You're going to be very disappointed when you hear the answer, don't worry," the president said.
Reporters have continued to press the issue, including through Freedom of Information Act requests for any such possible recordings from the Secret Service, which responded that it had no such recordings in its possession.
"The Secret Service says that they have no recordings of the president's conversations in the Oval Office," Sanders was asked on Thursday. "Does that answer the question of whether there are tapes or not?"
"I know this is in reference to the Comey conversations so I would refer you to outside counsel," Sanders responded, even though the reporter had not mentioned Comey or his conversations with the president. "I believe the President intends to make it clear at some point. But in terms of questions that you're asking regarding that matter, you'd have to ask outside counsel."
Kasowitz was brought on in that role in late May as the White House hunkered down for a prolonged legal battle that has ballooned to include some of Trump's top advisers, including former National Security Adviser Mike Flynn and former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort.
The administration's legal apparatus grew again on Thursday when Vice President Mike Pence brought on his own outside counsel, Richard Cullen of the firm McGuireWoods, to handle inquiries related to the FBI's Russia investigation.
Since the White House began referring questions about Comey and the investigation to Kasowitz, the scope of issues covered by its blanket policy on such questions has grown.
The question about "tapes" was hardly the only question that Sanders referred to outside counsel on Thursday.
When a member of the White House press pool asked whether the president "still feels vindicated" by Comey's Senate testimony last week given reports that he is now personally under federal investigation, the deputy press secretary punted to Team Kasowitz.
One reporter asked who, exactly, Trump was referring to when he tweeted on Thursday that "very bad and conflicted people" are pursuing a "witch hunt" against him—and Sanders quickly sent the reporter outside counsel's way. She again deferred to outside counsel when asked who Trump felt had "made up a phony collusion," in the words of another one of his Thursday tweets.
And when Sanders was pressed on why the president continues to tweet at all about the federal investigation when his own communications team is refusing to publicly address it, she—yet again—deferred questions about the president's hate-tweets to outside counsel.
Even on the question of the president's legal and constitutional powers, Sanders directed reporters to Kasowitz.
"Does the president, Sarah, believe it's in his power to shut down that investigation?" one reporter asked.
"Once again," she reiterated, "I would refer all questions regarding the investigation to the president's outside counsel."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
10 Days Of Self-Care
Story from Wellness
Revive Yourself With These 10 Self-Care Actions
Jen Anderson
See All Slides
Illustrated by Paola Delucca.
Life can put us in a seemingly never-ending state of panic: commuting to and from work, squeezing in social engagements, and somehow finding time to pick up groceries in between it all. It's surprising we're even able to get by on the days we forget to grab a cup of coffee.
That's why self-care is so important — taking time out of each day, even if it's just 30 minutes, to distance ourselves from the chaos and focus on our mental, physical, and emotional health. Enter: our commitment to imparting 10 self-care practices into our daily lives. Along the way, we'll treat ourselves in many forms, from organizing our lives in a Bullet Journal to paying it forward at the coffee shop. And that's just the tip of the iceberg.
Inspired by Brita's "The Filtered Life" campaign, which is all about small steps people can make to filter out the bad and get to the good in life, here are 10 self-care actions to take for a better tomorrow, starting today. Click through, and get ready to Zen out.
Amazon Prime Day's Biggest Fitness Deals
19 Sex Toys You Can Buy On Amazon Prime
The Best Workout Clothing Hiding On Amazon
How To Practice Self Care Activities Ideas
Dedicated Feature • Mind • The Latest • Wellness
written by Jen Anderson
More from Mind
Pregnancy Mood Swings Are Normal — But That Doesn't Mean They're ...
We've all heard about pregnancy mood swings — and while they might be joked about, they make total sense. "I think of the combination of biological,
Does Taking Ambien Really Cause Memory Loss?
On tonight's episode of Big Little Lies, Celeste (played by Nicole Kidman) goes to court over her custody battle, and her memory is called into question.
by Cory Stieg
Why Some Trendy Churches Aren't Transparent About Their Stan...
Christian mega-churches are having a major moment right now — especially in Hollywood. There are more megachurches in California than any other state,
Why Pregnancy Can Make Your Anxiety So Much Worse
By definition, anxiety means worrying about the future or ruminating on the past — and many people spend the 10-month period of pregnancy doing exactly
How Powerful Abusers Groom & Manipulate Young People
On Monday, Jeffrey Epstein, a financier, reported billionaire, and acquaintance of many powerful people, including Presidents Trump and Clinton, was
Epilepsy: The Medical Condition That Caused Cameron Boyce's ...
Cameron Boyce's parents revealed late Tuesday night that the 20-year-old actor died from a seizure that was caused by the medical condition epilepsy,
Socializing Is Hard — That's Why I Went To "Social Boot Camp"
As a wise man probably once said, doing things is a whole lot harder than not doing them. Canceled plans are one of life's great highs. And while we
by Us
Women's World Cup 2019
How The Women's World Cup Players Handle Pressure
Once again, the U.S. Women's Soccer Team has won the Women's World Cup. It was an iconic month of soccer, with some unforgettable viral moments and
What Is Wilderness Therapy & How Can It Help You
If you've ever felt emotionally moved after completing a day hike, or sending a challenging climb, you're probably familiar with the healing effect that
Get A Better Night's Sleep With These Aromatherapy Products
If there's one thing we can never seem to get enough of, it's sleep. Granted, we're partially to blame — damn you, 11 p.m. Instagram deep dives — but
by Karina Hoshikawa
Hunter Biden Opens Up About Struggles With Addiction
Hunter Biden, son of 2020 presidential candidate Joe Biden, opened up in a lengthy interview with The New Yorker about his history with addiction and
Khloé Kardashian Got Migraines Following Cheating Scandal
On last night's episode of Keeping Up With The Kardashians, Khloé Kardashian opened up about how the stress of Tristan Thompson's cheating scandal


Jree Ash Microwave Egg Cooker, Plastic Egg Steamer with 4 Eggs Capacity, Functional Utility Kitchen Gadgets to Cook Soft and Hard Boiled Egg, Chicken Shape, White - ☆ multi function, utility kitchen gadgets, you can also use to steamed buns, steamed bread, dumplings and other food. ☆ Fast and convenient, only takes few minutes to get boiled eggs, save time in busy morning available to keep the water of the egg, taste fresh and nutritious. ☆ Safe design, chicken shape with handle to prevent being burns, front and back designed with safe buckle to prevent falling out. ☆ Adjustable, according to personal taste, you can adjust the time to cook soft or hard boiled eggs, 4 eggs can be boiled at one time. ☆ Food grade material, food grade plastic & fast heat transfer aluminum inner layer, safe and health, heat resistance, no chemical molecules are produced under high temperature.
Dolland Microwave Double Egg Poacher BPA Free Non-Stick Microwave Egg Cooker - Designed for poaching eggs in a covered skillet or with its own lid in the microwave. Dishwasher safe. Poach 2 eggs at once using this microwavable egg poacher. Size length and width about 23 10 38cm error of about 1cm. Non-stick surface makes for easy cleaning.
TOOGOO(R) Heart-Shape Microwave Egg Steamer Poacher Cooker - Only authorized seller of toogoo can sell under toogoo listings. 7. Toogoo is a registered trademark. Toogoo(r) heart-shape microwave egg steamer poacher cookereasy-to-use microwave egg poacher allows you to poach four heart-shaped eggs in 30-45 secondsnon-stick surface for easy removal of eggconvenient see-through lid for checking on the poaching process and avoiding splatteringheat resistance -20¡æ, +140¡æsteamer size approx. 68 inch / 19. 5 cm in diametermaterial ppcolor white poacher, see-through lidpackage includes1 x egg poacher.
Sistema Easy Eggs to Go Microwave Egg Cooker, Random Colour - Sistema easy eggs to go microwave egg cooker.
Egg-Tastic Ceramic Microwave Egg Cooker and Poacher - As seen on tv | enjoy delicious eggs easily and conveniently with the egg-tastic ceramic microwave egg cooker. Ceramic | dishwasher safe | measures 433″ l x 433″ w x 492″ h. Fast, flavorful and fluffy eggs right in your microwave | cooks in under a minute. Non-slip bottom | can hold up to four large eggs at a time.
Microwave Egg Cooker – Omelet Maker by Easy Egg Poacher – Non-Stick, Silicone, Microwave Safe Cooking Tool For Scrambled Eggs, Poached Eggs and Microwave Omelets. - ☆100% guarantee, we take customer service seriously that is why we offer a full refund unless you are completely satisfied multi-unit discounts, scroll down for special thanksgiving day discounts. ☆easy-to-clean, make a delicious breakfast in minutes and clean up is a breeze with our non-stick, dishwasher safe material. ☆Free bonus, with our recipe e-book you can learn how to make fluffy scrambled eggs, eggs benedict and microwave omelets. ☆Easy-to-use, simply put an egg in the unique dome shaped cup that ensures even cooking cook in the microwave for 30 seconds and enjoy. ☆ More healthy, our egg cooker is made of bpa free premium grade silicone (fda and lfgb approved) stop using cooking oils and sprays and make a healthy, nutritious egg breakfast.
OXO Good Grips Microwave Egg Cooker - Bpa free, microwave and dishwasher safe. Base is removable for easy transfer directly to bread or plate. Make scrambled or fried eggs for breakfast sandwiches in a minute or less. Curved bottom helps center yolk for fried eggs. Handle stays cool for easy removal from microwave. Wide opening allows for whisking directly in cooker.
Only 5 Minutes for Hard or Soft Boiled Eggs, MICOOK Microwave Egg Cooker, Microwave Egg boiler poacher, No Piercing Required, Dishwasher Safe, Hot Sell in Japan - Had been hot selling in japan for many years easy, safe , quick. If you have any problem, just feel free to contact us, it has lifetime warranty. Adjustable, according to personal taste, you can adjust the time to cook soft or hard boiled eggs, 1-4 eggs can be boiled at one time. Safe and cute design, egg shape and reasonable vent hole to prevent being burns, knob designed to prevent falling out or exploding. Food grade material, food grade plastic & fast heat transfer aluminum inner layer, safe and health, heat resistance.
Baost White Microwave 4-6 Eggs Cooker Hard Boiled Boiler Home Kitchen Tool - 31″ x 5. Type egg boilercolor whitematerial ppfeatures 4-6 eggs cooker, ball shape, kitchen toolsize 13. 10″ (approx. )Notesdue to the light and screen setting difference, the item's color may be slightly different from the pictures. Before initial use andafter subsequent uses, hand wash with warm, soapy water. Cooks up to 4 eggs at a time. Package includes 1 x egg boilerpackage including. Please allow slight dimension difference due to different manual measurement. Bpa-free and melamine free plastic is top rack dishwasher safe. Specificationsmicrowave egg boiler for hard- or soft-boiled eggs. Interior shelf holds up to 4 eggs upright. 5cm x 14cm x 15. 51″ x 6. Bpa- and melamine-free. 5cm/5. No piercing required. Makes perfect hard or soft-boiled eggs in the microwave in 10 minutes or less. Dishwasher safe.
Hamosky Round Shape Microwave Egg Poacher & Egg Cooker , Eggs Boiler Steamer with 4 Egg Capacity.Egg Plate Tray for Home,Pack of 1 - 4 eggs can be steamed one time,convenient and quick. Safe and cute design, egg shape and reasonable vent hole to prevent being burns, front and back designed with safe buckle to prevent falling out. Stainless steel heating plate, easy to clean. Whole egg cooking, retain moisture, taste fresh and tender, rich nutrition,keep heart shape to make you be more interested. Automatic temperature control, prevent dry roasted, dual protection.
Eggy Microwave Egg Cooker - Pot holds 4 eggs at a time. Portable design. Non-stick surface. Dishwasher safe. Non-slip bottom. Tasty scrambled eggs in as little as one minute even makes perfect poached eggs.
Zap Chef Microwave Egg Cooker Pack of 2, Healthy Scrambled Eggs,1 Minute Egg Poacher, Cool Touch Omlette Maker, 100% Food Safe BPA Free, Color May Vary - Single egg cooker. Perfect chef eggs in seconds, save 20 minutes in the morning rush a quick zap in the microwave these single egg cookers come with instructions and recipes, help making perfect eggs every time. 100% bpa safe & clean with lock lid, so convenient & simple to use lid lock aeration system keeps the lid on so no mess from splatters dishwasher safe but also non-stick allows you to wipe clean. Stylish y and practical, eggs never raw or rubbery eat directly from the egg cup, never taste like plastic 1 minute cracking eggs microwave egg cooker egg scrambler is cute with vibrant colors. Never burn you fingers, kid friendly and seniors ready egg cups helps them prepare scramble eggs without touching a hot surface double insulated walls keep the cup cool on the outside. Healthy diet no oils needed, stay on your diet and don't feel guilty enjoy a delicious snack non-stick so no oil needed in egg maker for microwave egg poacher omelets maker the perfect meal. Money back lifetime guarantee, perfect every time or your money back unbreakable egg cooker will never crack, stain or get moldy non-stick, lid lock system & bpa free food safe silicone egg maker.
Ez Eggs Fast And Easy Microwave Egg Cooker – As Seen On Tv - Sunny side up hard yolks (hard boiled eggs) soft yolks (soft boiled eggs) scrambled poached omelets egg whites. Ez eggs will cook-without fat or grease- and you can make all of the following types of eggs. Ez eggs microwave egg cooker saves you time and pots by cooking the fastest, healthiest eggs in the microwave.
Jen Widerstrom Microwave Egg Cooker (Blue) - Cook perfect, fluffy eggs in the microwave in just 120 minutes. The perfect addition to your kitchen must have for students, busy parents, and healthy eaters. Bpa free, reusable, and dishwasher safe manufacturer warranty limited to 1 year. Its never been this easy to make healthy delicious meals in minutes. No more dirty dishes or sticky pans heat and eat right out of the cooker.
Roichen 2 Cup Poached Egg Maker with Lid – Fast and Easy Microwave Egg Cooker – BFA Free - Material bfa free (us fda approved) pp (polypropylene). Enjoy soft or hard boiled eggs. Made in korea. Other uses you can also make muffins or egg bread. Easy to use, 1) pour water until the dotted lines in the cup 2) put in eggs 3) heat in microwave with the lid on for approx 1 minute and 30 seconds, (if it is not poached, keep on heating in the microwave for 10 seconds).
Egg Poacher Microwavable Poached Maker Microwave BPA Free Best Steamer Easy Cooker Scrambled Container Cookware Four 4 Eggs Maker Plastic & eBook - Microwave egg cooker extremely easy to use, simply break eggs into the cups cover the lid and cook for about 30″ home-made breakfast in minutes and with out mess. Microwavable egg poacher this useful egg poacher can be also a great gift unique, fun tool allows you to make the perfect poached eggs every time, make it a must-have in any kitchen. Microwave egg poacher cooking without frying is the healthier alternative give your familly a healthy start to their day with this microwave egg poacher. Plastic microwave egg cooker the high quality non toxic pp material lets your eggs slide out easier and without a mess resistant to temperatures within -20° up to 140°.
Flee Microwave Double Egg Poacher Two Color Microwave Egg Cooker (Red) - Home-made breakfast in minutes. The filter basket can separate out, first dozen eggs, cooking, filter water three steps. The container is convex cross middle, designed for egg, dishwasher safe and bpa free. Microwavable usestove top use. Perfect poached eggs in minutesthe drain water and a bowl of two layer combination design, let the eggs soaked in water, poached eggs, avoid the pan waste water is easy to stick.
Egg Poacher, Yummy Sam 2-Cup Silicone Egg Poacher Cups Poaching Pods for Cooking Microwave Poached Eggs, Microwave or Stovetop Egg Cooker (Green) - A easy viewing clear lid was included and 2 eggs can be poached at a time with a double bowl design. Microwavable use and stove top use can be used in boiled water or as a microwave egg poacher. High quality food grade bpa free silicone material easy to clean 100% non-stick eggs hand wash dishwasher safe. Detachable draining basket design makes it easy to cook savory poached eggs and drain water after cooking for non stick. 2 in 1 egg poacher double layer designed with a combination of draining board and bowl.
Microwave Egg Boiler | Hard boiled egg cooker | Egg Steamer - Chicken shape design makes it great for counter storage that brings a country feel to any kitchen. Fits in almost any microwave, 625 inches tall with a diameter of 525 inches, dishwasher safe. Fill the base with water, place up to 4 eggs in egg holder, screw on top, and follow instructions to boil eggs to desired finish. Easily cook hard or soft boiled eggs in the microwave with the simple 3 piece design. Make your favorite home cooked recipes like deviled eggs & egg salad.
Joie Big Boiley Microwave Egg Cooker, 6.75-Inches x 5.25-Inches x 5-Inches - Make quick boiled eggs for salad toppings, breakfast casserole, easy egg salad, breakfast burritos, enhancing soups, pasta, lasagna, and more. Safely boil eggs (up to 4) to perfection right in the microwave easily soft, medium, or hard boil eggs in minutes no more boiling pans of water. Joie's big boiley microwave egg cooker for microwave cooking 1 to 4 soft boiled, medium, and hard boiled eggs simultaneously in just minutes. Made from aluminum and abs safe for use in up to 1000-watt microwaves strong and durable. Great for all ages and cooking with kids compact for easy storage makes clever gifts instructions included hand wash in warm, soapy water.
4 Piece Microwave Cookware Set Includes Microwave Bacon Cooker, Egg Poacher, Omelet Maker And Potato Baker for Perfect Baked Potatoes In Your Microwave Oven – Dishwasher Safe - Ideal for eggs, bacon, potatoes, sausage and more. Compact set take up very little space and conveniently stores into a cupboard or drawer. 4 piece deluxe microwave cooking set includes egg poacher, bacon plate, omelette tray and potato baker a great deal. Cooks food in your microwave quickly & easily make a fantastic home made breakfast in minutes. Easy to clean dishwasher / microwave safe construction.
Home Kitchen 2 Pcs Microwave Egg Omelet Bowl Maker Omelette Cooker Cookware Cooks Fast Minutes - Perfect for english muffins, biscuits, bagels and more. The unique dome design locks in moisture to steam your eggs so they come out fluffy and moist. Microwave, dishwasher and freezer safe nonstick, quick and easy to clean. Make breakfast fast when in hurry you can make a meal in minutes. Cooks the perfect 2-4 egg omelet in just minutes.
Microwave Boiler/Cooker, Bangcool Microwave Egg Cooker for 4 Eggs White - Convenient and safe cleaning up with no fuss no need to worry about using the stove top with pots and boiling water no need for piercing. Bangcool microwave egg boiler cooker for holding the 4 perfect hard or soft-boiled eggs securely with interior aluminum shelf this microwave hard boiled egg cooker is easy to use and fast. This microwave egg poacher is made with aluminum and plastic, the size is suitable for any eggs of 6″ x 5″ it can cook up to 4 hard or soft boiled eggs in minutes instructions in the package it is suitable for hand washing. Aluminum flat heating plate easy to wash sleek designing, high build quality, easy and fast operation modern egg shape design made of durable plastic. Make your ideal boiled eggs, which can be kept fresh, soft and nutritious through boiling, 4-6 minutes for soft to medium boiled and up to 8 minutes for hard-boiled.
Allstar Innovations As Seen on TV Egg-Tastic Microwave Egg Cooker and Poacher for Fast and Fluffy Eggs, White/Orange - Non-slip bottom, non-stick surface portable design with lid take it on the go. Whisk eggs inside the durable pot, no extra dishes. Egg-tastic microwave egg cooker and poacher instantly heats and keeps eggs at the perfect cooking temperature. No more messy frying pans, spatula, oil, grease, or fat dishwasher safe. Tasty scrambled eggs in as little as one minute even makes perfect poached eggs.


Perhaps you have heard of Jack Harkness, a time traveler, a friend of Doctor Who and the main character of BBC's Torchwood series. A favorite character of the audiences when first introduced, Jack's character was outwardly light hearted and funny, but underneath lay his anger and ruthlessness. Eventually, the series came to a head when Jack had to pick: kill his grandson, or, kill 10% of the earth's children. BBC's plot alludes to principles found in Niccolo Machiavelli's The Prince. Published in 1513, The Prince intensely holds that achieving a goal is paramount, and therefore validates the methods used, regardless of their morality. We in 2015 would commonly recognize this idea as "the ends justify the means". This idea has raised questions and scenarios that continually push the bound of morality. Should you be a government whistleblower? Is it acceptable to sacrifice your grandchild or any child to save the world? We never have the same answer to these questions. Certain are yes and others are no, but never all yes or all no, because the ends do justify the means when the goal's positive benefits to society outweigh the moral negative of the actions taken. We will examine the different points in two main points, justified and unjustified action.
The Principles Of Sam Walton Of Walmart Stores, Inc.


text:
R. Raghavendra Rao ( 1945 - ) es un botánico, pteridólogo, y profesor de la India, que trabaja académicamente en el "Departamento de Botánica", del "Centro Instituto de Plantas Medicinales & Aromáticas", Allasandar, Yelhanka, en Bangalore. Y también en la "Facultad del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Botánica", en Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

Algunas publicaciones
 1949.  Libros
 r. Raghavendra Rao, basheer ahmed Razi. 1974. Flowering plants of the Mysore University Campus. Ed. Prasaranga, University of Mysore. 75 pp.
 ---------------------, ---------------------. 1981. A synoptic flora of Mysore District: with an appendix of unani, ayurvedic, and trade names of drugs. Volumen 7 de International bioscience series. Ed. Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers. 674 pp.
 a. k. Baishya, r. r. Rao. 1982. Ferns and fern-allies of Meghalaya State, India. Volumen 1 de Floristic studies in Meghalaya. Ed. Scientific Publ. 161 pp.
 sudhanshu kumar Jain, r. Raghavendra Rao. 1983. An Assessment of threatened plants of India: proceedings of the seminar held at Dehra Dun, 14-17 September 1981. Ed. Botanical Survey of India, Dept. of Environment. 334 pp.
 k. Haridasan, r. Raghavendra Rao. 1985. Forest flora of Meghalaya, Volumen 2. Ed. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. 451 pp.
 Veṅkāmātya, r. Raghavendra Rao, är. ji Māḷagi, hec. pi Malledevaru. 1987.  Lakṣmīsvayaṃvarasamavakāraḥ. Nº 164 de Oriental Research Institute series, University of Mysore. 80 pp.
 n. s. Jamir, r. Raghavendra Rao. 1988. The ferns of Nagaland. Ed. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. 426 pp. ISBN 8121100186
 1988. Florae Indicae enumeratio-Asteraceae. Flora of India. Ed. Botanical Survey of India. 119 pp.
 1994. Biodiversity in India: (floristic aspects). Ed. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. 315 pp. ISBN 8121100100
 t. s. Rana, bhaskar Datt, r. r. Rao. 2003. Flora of Tons Valley Garhwal Himalaya (Uttaranchal)''. Ed. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh. 409 pp. ISBN 8121102820

Honores
 Miembro de la "Asociación de Biotecnología y Farmacia"

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicos de India del siglo XX
Profesores de India
Pteridólogos de India
Escritores en inglés
Escritores en hindi
Botánicos de India del siglo XXI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home › ›
Sean Kenney uses LEGO toys to create award-winning exhibits, portraiture, children's books, and commissioned artwork.
Comprised of hundreds of beautiful, thought-provoking sculptures built with millions of LEGO bricks, Sean's exhibits — produced by Imagine Exhibitions — are touring botanical gardens, zoos, arboretums, science centers, and non-traditional venues around the world.
"An incredible exhibition" - Lonely Planet
"Bound to make visitors stare" - Vogue
About the exhibits
"Beautiful" - PBS
"A gifted artist" - The LEGO Company
Sean Kenney is the world's most prolific LEGO portrait artist. Each is hand-drawn (not computer-generated) and ready in as little as 3 weeks.
Commission a portrait
"Impressve", "clever", and "perfect" - Gizmodo
Sean's scale models bustle with realism and life, and are built to the higest standards of durability, quality, and aesthetic.
Commission an architectural miniature
Work with Sean
Sean Kenney is a renowned, award-winning artist who uses LEGO pieces to design and create contemporary sculpture, travelling exhibits, childrens books, and commercial products.
Host an exhibit
Corporate commissions
Sean Kenney is not affiliated with or employed by the LEGO Group of companies. LEGO® is a trademark of the LEGO Group of companies which does not sponsor, authorize or endorse this site.
©1998-2021 Sean Kenney Design, Inc.


[NEW YORK June 26 Beijing News], "popular sales champion" Apple iPhone3GS airborne again, Zhongguancun, the machine looks simple and IC SP5655CSKGMPAD and stylish, but also a perfect performance, so the aircraft caused the concern of many users. Today, iPhone3GS quoted at 5,800 yuan, a favorite friend down a lot of attention.
data, Q1 liquid crystal display (LCD) profit soared to 1.01 trillion won on revenue growth of 53%. LCD business accounted for nearly one-third share of operating income last year; mobile phones and SP5655CSKGMPAD Suppliers and other telecommunications, including a substantial increase earnings 53% of 920 billion won; semiconductor profit dropped nearly 64% to 190 billion won on revenue of 4.39 trillion won. Samsung Electronics is the worlds second largest semiconductor maker after Intel. However, the "cell phone on the plane" is not full open, "when the aircraft altitude lower than 3,000 meters above sea level when the service will automatically suppressed."
In order to meet the GNEP plan, prior to the meeting, the U.S. Department of Energy on August 10 and SP5655CSKGMPAD Price and 22, respectively, announced that four companies to choose the provision of 16 million total U.S. dollar cost of the technology used to support GNEP and support research; and by 38 universities to provide 10 million dollars in aid were the way to cultivate the next generation of nuclear power expansion of engineers and scientists needed to strengthen their commitment to the development of advanced nuclear energy.


The Tweed Valley Trails Association (TVTA) is a registered Scottish Charity set up by local mountain biking enthusiasts to help sustain and manage the trail network across the whole of the Tweed Valley Forest Park.
From the original idea born out of a pub meeting in 2015 to reaching official charity status in late 2017 a core of keen locals have come together with the intention to build upon and improve what is already a nationally if not world renowned MTB venue.
The hand crafted trails in the valley are no secret and have hosted multiple local, national and international races and combined with the already established 7 stanes network provide something for every skill level, style and taste of mountain biker.
We want to see this network survive and bring benefits to local riders, business, community groups and visitors alike.
The TVTA's purpose is to maintain and improve the mountain bike trail network in the highly regarded mountain bike destination - the Tweed Valley.
A significant proportion of the existing trails are not currently maintained by an official organisation.
There is also currently a lack of organised community engagement with official stakeholders and land managers.
TVTA aims to be a vital and positive link between the local mountain biking community and the various organisations managing the forests and facilities in the region.
With the growth of mountain biking in the Tweed Valley the trails have begun to require additional maintenance.
The growth of the trail network is also crucial to the area's local economy, while also making living in the area more attractive to locals and improve local engagement in the sport.
The group aims to enhance the experience of mountain bikers in the valley and visiting the area by making the trails safe and sustainable into the future.
Having safe, marked and maintained bike trails, and multi user paths are important recreational facilities for experiencing the outdoors and promoting activity and a healthy lifestyle, which in turn improves the conditions of all of our lives.
Working closely with the Forestry Commission and other forest users we aim to make this amazing network of trails sustainable and ever improving. This will involve raising funds, maintaining trails, volunteer dig days and more.


When I give talks about the New Orleans education system, I argue that New Orleans is on its way to becoming the most equitable urban school district in the nation.
That being said, recently, there has been a decent amount of negative national media attention on special education and discipline issues in New Orleans.
Often, after the talk is over, and when we move into audience questions, someone will mention these articles and challenge my assertion about New Orleans and equity.
I respond by saying: New Orleans isn't a perfect system, but New Orleans educators are tackling equity issues head on. Many systems are not. Additionally, and perhaps most importantly, New Orleans has a clear set of rules on equity that are increasingly being enforced in a thoughtful manner.
I also note that New Orleans expulsion rates are below the state average, and that CREDO found that students with special needs are achieving at a higher rater in New Orleans charter schools than in similarly situated schools. Neither of these measures are perfect, but I think the picture this data paints is largely correct.
This article tells a story that supports the notion that, in New Orleans, equity is on the rise . The whole piece is short and worth reading, but the takeaway is this: the RSD sanctioned a top performing charter for violating enrollment rules.
Arguably, the sanction is not strict enough, but I do think it will make a difference and change the school's practice. Moreover, the sanction seems reasonably appropriate given that the school is providing a good education for a lot of kids; revoking the charter would have likely done more harm than good.
It's worth considering why equity is on the rise in New Orleans.
1. The government solely functions as a regulator of the system. Its focus is almost exclusively on promulgating and enforcing rules, not operating schools.
2. The government has created processes and infrastructure – in this case a unified enrollment system – that allow for careful monitoring of the system.
3. The values of the government, which are modeled by the RSD's leader, are rooted in social justice.
4. The entrepreneurs who launch schools in New Orleans are deeply driven by an equity agenda.
I remain convinced that charter schools, when regulated thoughtfully, will the be drivers, and not inhibitors, of educational equity.
To be clear, every day many students in New Orleans still suffer from inequitable practices.
But the number of students that suffer from inequity continues to decrease.
And I'm confident this trend will continue.
This entry was posted in Charter schools, Equity, School System Design on December 4, 2014 by nkingsl.
With great respect I disagree with you assertion about Charter Networks high-end equity practices with students….and staffing. I have witnessed many of the inequitable practices in hiring, promotion and development of faculty members. As a former RSD employee and administrator at the Alternative school, I can personally attest to a myriad of questionable and inappropriate practices and behaviors by schools in Orleans Parish. My response to your article is not an indictment of charter schools and/or their leaders. I am an advocate for high-impact, high-quality public schools, which charters must become. But, it seems only one side of the New Orleans "experiment" is continaully discussed, and I believe this has created a false narrative. Let's make this work for our students, families amd communities by telling the entire story. Lets acknowledge what's not working, instead of creating an appearance that all children are being served in an equitable manner. Would love to meet!
Thanks for thoughtful tone of your post. Traveling over holidays but look forward to staying in touch.


I?m interested in processing the past in my works. I began using photos in my paintings five years ago, when my mother gave me her old family photos ? a gesture that seemed both surprising and direct, perhaps even a bit aggressive. It looked as if by simply not having the photos she would draw a line between past and present, as if she had tried to close the past and delegate processing it to someone else. Most of these photos were taken in the 1970?s and 1980?s. Their motives are ordinary which emphasises their documentary role. To me, they are relics of another world and for a long time, I didn?t even know how to deal with this ?inheritance?. I asked myself how the next generation could relate to and process the problems of the previous generation. Through tracing back the personal past, it became necessary for me to find out more about the history of researched era (the Kádár era): I was missing the context in which I could place the existing elements. I reckon that those who were born in or after the eighties have a different set of concepts to that of the previous generation. There seems to be a different approach to history, often a certain outsider attitude can be detected – something that I have noticed about myself too. So now I?m seeking the answer to questions such as: How does our attitude to the past define our present? How does art help processing the past?


text:
Survivor Africa
Brandon says Big Tom is "a really funny guy" and "good-hearted."
by Andy Dehnart 18 Dec. 2001 | 7:46 am
Although Brandon is convinced Big Tom Buchanan voted him out of the tribe on Survivor Africa because of Brandon's sexual orientation, and although he thinks Tom is homophobic, Brandon says Tom is "a really funny guy" who's "good-hearted" and "likeable." Brandon says Tom, who leaves messages on Brandon's answering machine calling him "Sugarbear," "is not a stupid man. … He was using his redneck card."
Survivor season 40 will start earlier than usual
Survivor: Winners at War will premiere in February, and have a two-hour premiere.
Temptation Island's Morgan says she was 'played' by Evan, and Kaci offers support
Temptation Island's Evan Smith and Morgan Lolar seem to have broken up after Morgan accused him of cheating on her, and Evan's ex Kaci Campbell has weighed in.
America's Top Dog: answers to questions about the A&E competition
America's Top Dog is essentially a spin-off of A&E's Live PD, which has popular police dogs, some of whom are now competing for $25,000.
Sandi Toksvig is leaving the Great British Bake-Off
"Sandi is a huge part of why Bake Off's move to Channel 4 has been such a success," a network executive said.
The Circle episodes 5 to 8: catfishing takes center stage
The middle batch of The Circle episodes added new catfish and exposed others, and left us with a lot to discuss.
How Antiques Roadshow works behind the scenes, and what's changing
Antiques Roadshow executive producer Marsha Bemko on how much appraisers are paid, how the show is filmed, and why it made a major change this season.
Bachelor starts Peter Weber's journey with its twist ending
The Bachelor season 24 started with what would usually be the final episode, flashing forward to a surprise Chris Harrison has in store for Peter Weber.
Review: Jail is awful, and so is A&E's 60 Days In
A review of A&E's 60 Days In, a documentary reality series that locks innocent people in Clark County Jail for two months.
Behind the scenes of The Glass House
Go inside and behind the scenes of The Glass House, ABC's Big Brother-like competition series.
Behind the scenes of American Grit season two
John Cena's reality show left the Pacific Northwest for the swamps outside of Savannah, Georgia, for season two.
The RuPaul's Drag Race contract
Drag queens give up everything from rights to revenue in order to appear on RuPaul's Drag Race, and everything from per-episode compensation to Drag Race's rules are covered in this 51-page participant agreement that contestants sign during the casting process.
Lex wins immunity; bye, bye Brandon.
is Mark Burnett hiding an alliance between Ethan and Kim J.?
more stories about Survivor Africa


text:
Regulating Off-label Promotion of Medications: Has the Pendulum Swung Too Far?
Melissa B. Hoffman, BS1; Brad A. Yentzer, MD2; Steven R. Feldman, MD, PhD3
1University of Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
2The Corvallis Clinic, Corvallis, OR, USA
3Center for Dermatology Research, Departments of Dermatology, Pathology and Public Health Sciences; Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Prescribing medications off-label is commonplace in dermatology. Recent policy changes on the regulatory abilities of the US FDA and legal precedents regarding this topic have led to intense debate on free speech about off-label drug use by physicians and drug manufacturers. Here, we summarize and discuss the risks and benefits of off-label promotion and how this relates to quality patient
care in dermatology.
labeling, pharmaceutical, promotion, advertising, FDA, regulations, dermatology
Pharmaceuticals are often prescribed for uses beyond those listed on the drug's US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved label. This off-label use includes treatments for disorders not formally reviewed by the FDA, dosages or delivery mechanisms not approved by the agency, or use of the agents in patient populations not tested in FDA approved clinical trials.1 In order for a drug company to market a medicine for a particular use or disease, it must go through rigorous evaluation by the FDA. This entire process, which includes preclinical testing and three clinical phases, takes an average of 8 to 12 years.2 This course is so rigorous that for every 5,000 to 10,000 compounds that enter preclinical testing, only one is approved for marketing.3 Off-label prescribing compensates for this scrupulous and time-consuming approval process by allowing physicians to use treatment options that are readily available. The off-label use of drugs has significantly contributed to the therapeutic armamentarium of many different diseases in medicine.
Off-label prescribing is particularly common in dermatology. This can in part be explained by the relative lack of clinical trials evaluating the multitude of therapeutic options for any given dermatologic condition. For many skin diseases, few – if any – medications are FDA-approved, and use of off-label medications is the standard of care in dermatology.4,5 Off-label prescribing is used in a wide range of dermatologic conditions, from disorders that are common and have multiple treatment options, such as actinic keratosis and acne vulgaris, to the more rare conditions that have very few if any FDA-approved treatments, such as pyoderma gangrenosum, pemphigus vulgaris, and lichen planus. Off-label options can be used for common conditions when treatment with approved medications have been exhausted or have proved unsuccessful or even when the off-label treatment is deemed better than on-label options.
Increasing prevalence of off-label prescribing has come with a fair share of conflicts between the FDA, insurance companies, physicians and pharmaceutical companies, as the FDA has sought to regulate the pharmaceutical industry's promotion of unapproved therapies. During the past decade, pharmaceutical companies have faced government investigations regarding the marketing and promotion of their products. Companies have been fined billions of dollars for promoting their product for indications other than those listed on the FDA-approved label. Although regulations on the pharmaceutical industry were designed to protect the public, they may have unexpected negative consequences. Branding a drug's particular use as "off-label" not only limits the dissemination of information about the drug, but also decreases patient access to the agent. While patients, physicians not employed by pharmaceutical companies, insurers and government researchers are free to discuss whatever they want about off-label uses, the pharmaceutical company is prohibited from entering the discussion. These limitations on the dissemination of information have become a major topic of controversy in recent years. Because the off-label use of drugs and devices will remain a major part of the practice of medicine in the future, there needs to be a balance between the regulatory authority of the FDA, the circulation of information coming from the pharmaceutical companies, and the ability of physicians to provide the best possible care for their patients. In this paper we discuss a brief history on the drug approval process and the development of FDA regulations over off-label drug promotion, recent legal cases surrounding off-label drug speech, and the risks and benefits of off-label drug promotion in dermatology (Table 1).
Arguments Against Off-label Promotion Arguments Supporting Off-label Promotion
Pharmaceutical companies may promote material that is unsubstantiated or factitious. Increases the dissemination of potentially valuable information to both patients and physicians.
Allowing for off-label promotion may weaken desire to conduct clinical trials to obtain FDA approval. Drug manufacturers are unlikely to conduct clinical trials for every single use of their product, regardless of whether they are allowed to discuss off-label uses or not.
Without clinical trials, the safety and efficacy of a drug is not as heavily studied. Allows more patients to be treated with the most upto- date treatment options without waiting for formal FDA approval.
Some physicians may be swayed to believe any information presented from pharmaceutical companies without judging the quality of evidence. Physicians are generally good at determining what is scientifically and medically substantial.
Table 1. Arguments for and against off-label promotion.
A Brief History of Drug Regulation
The process of bringing to market a new drug or new use of a drug is rigorous, involving preclinical testing with animals, three phases of human clinical trials, and two stages of approval from the FDA. This process is a multi-year, multi-stage course and generally costs millions of dollars. If a drug survives all three phases of clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) containing all the preclinical and clinical information obtained during testing is submitted to the FDA. The FDA then performs an independent review, after which a NDA may be approved or rejected. After FDA approval for a given disease, a medication is often subject to phase 4 post-marketing studies, which are designed to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety in a larger patient population and a longer time period. It is reported that this entire process from lab to patient may take as long as 10 to 15 years, with clinical trials accounting for 7 of those years, and may cost an average of $1.2 billion per drug.6 Even when drug manufacturers desire to obtain FDA approval for an off-label use that is similar to indications listed on the label, they must submit a "supplemental new drug" application. The drug then has to undergo extensive clinical trials to determine the efficacy of this off-label use. While the FDA claims they are speeding up the supplemental new drug approval process, the data show there are still long delays.7
The first federal laws to regulate the sale and content of food and drugs came in 1906 with the Pure Food and Drug Act. Since then, the passage of over 200 laws has created a stringent regulatory system with the goal of protecting consumers.8 The federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938 was one of the major milestone laws that gave the FDA authority to regulate promotional materials of the pharmaceutical companies. The FDCA indirectly prohibits the promotion of off-label use in two ways: 1) By prohibiting drug manufacturers from introducing a new drug into interstate commerce unless both the drug and the label have gained FDA approval, and 2) By prohibiting the drug manufacturer from introducing a "misbranded" drug. A drug is considered misbranded if the label contains information about unapproved uses or misleading information. Visual aids and handouts used by sales representatives are considered part of the drugs label even if they are not packaged with the product.1 The FDA has long held to these rules when reviewing promotional materials of pharmaceutical companies. The off-label promotion of drugs was further restricted by the indirect effects of the 1962 Amendments, which gave the FDA stricter control over how companies performed clinical trials.8 These amendments were a major contribution in shaping the rigorous structure that is currently in place for FDA approval.
The FDA's strict regulations on the promotion of unapproved drugs have become slightly more permissive over time. While the FDA previously had an absolute authority to prohibit the dissemination of off-label information, newer guidelines under the FDA Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA) allow drug manufacturers to distribute reprints of peer-reviewed articles that describe unapproved use of their products.9 However, even this change of policy came with its fair share of regulations. The FDA imposed a list of conditions to be met before companies could circulate the articles. Some of these requirements include: the information must be published in a peer-reviewed scientific or medical journal, the company must submit a supplemental new drug application and they must provide the FDA with advance copies of the articles they intend to redistribute.1 Despite the series of laws and amendments, there remains a considerable amount of uncertainty about what exactly manufacturers are able to promote.
Recent Legal Precedents
There are now more than one hundred ongoing civil and criminal investigations involving the US Department of Justice and the US Department of Health and Human Services. These investigations, in which pharmaceutical companies were accused of off-label promotion, held companies liable under both the FDCA and the False Claims Act (FCA).10 The FCA makes it unlawful to file a false claim with the government. This theory has been applied to off-label promotion, regardless of whether the information about off-label use is truthful or not. These legal actions have had a major hit on pharmaceutical companies, with settlements ranging from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of dollars and occasionally even jail time for company executives.1
A recent legal case could have broad ramifications for the pharmaceutical industry and the role of off-label promotion in medicine. In this landmark case of United States v. Caronia, No. 09–5006–CR, 2012 WL 5992141 (2d Cir. December 23, 2012), the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit overturned the conviction of a pharmaceutical sales representative who was accused of promoting a drug for its off-label uses. The Court's holding, in full, reads: "[W]e decline to adopt the government's construction of the [Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act's (FDCA's)] misbranding provisions to prohibit manufacturer promotion alone as it would unconstitutionally restrict free speech. We construe the misbranding provisions of the FDCA as not prohibiting and criminalizing the truthful off-label promotion of FDA-approved prescription drugs." Ibid., 15. The case has led to an increased focus on the issues that exist with the FDA's regulation on off-label use of drugs, and the negative impact this has had on healthcare. There is a distinction between truthful communication about off-label drug uses, many of which are proven efficacious and safe by the medical community, and claims that are not validated or are simply factitious. References to the First Amendment have hampered the FDA's ability to regulate offlabel promotion and will likely have an impact on the future of off-label drug discussions.
While some may believe that dermatologists are free from the FDA litigations over off-label promotion, this is not necessarily true for physicians who participate in clinical trials or promote products on behalf of manufacturers. In January 2010, the FDA sent a warning to a Florida dermatologist for mentioning in interviews with magazines that an anti-wrinkle drug she was conducting a clinical trial on had demonstrated to work better than a competitor's product.11 Upsetting the FDA by promoting an off-label indication in dermatology may have far worse consequences than a warning letter. In 2004, oral tazarotene for the treatment of psoriasis was denied FDA approval. While the advisory board claimed there was not enough data to support that the benefits outweigh the risks, the committee repeatedly asked Allergan about how they had promoted the off-label of oral tazarotene for acne via posters at an American Academy of Dermatology conference.12 Approval for oral tazarotene, a product that had the potential to benefit patients with psoriasis, was eventually denied, perhaps in part because of concerns over off-label promotion. Although physicians are supposedly free to discuss any off-label indications with colleagues and patients, this freedom is limited when the physician is acting as an agent of a pharmaceutical company. With the FDA's authoritative power in approving medication uses, a company could potentially win a First Amendment battle over off-label promotion but lose a war if the FDA chose to delay or not to approve future products.
Risks with Off-Label Promotion
Before regulations on the content and promotion of pharmaceutical agents, drug makers were able to produce and sell products that would seem criminal in today's day and age. For instance, "Peter's Specific, The Great Blood Purifier System Regulator" was recommended as a treatment for dermatologic disease and as an alternative tonic, invigorator and blood purifier.13 While drug manufacturers are no longer able to make scientifically unfounded claims, many physicians prescribe offlabel for uses that lack significant scientific support.14 By "word of mouth" marketing, highly influential academic physicians may, for better or worse, indirectly help pharmaceutical companies promote products' off-label uses.15 This promotion often comes in the form of industry-sponsored abstracts, posters and publications. If a poster demonstrates promising preliminary results but the follow-up studies show no benefit, the negative findings may not get widespread notice. This leaves the medical community with the potential for an incomplete, overly favorable, impression of the product. The spread of invalid data is not only the fault of pharmaceutical companies, but also of physicians who may try and promote new off-label uses out of desperation when all conventional therapies have failed. While many efficacious treatment strategies are discovered by trial and error, this also lends to the potential widespread use of products that are not beneficial. In 2008, topical bimatoprost (Latisse®) was approved for the treatment of eyelash hypotrichosis. Since then, some have advocated the use of bimatoprost to stimulate hair growth in other areas such as the scalp or eyebrows, despite the lack of any published scientific evidence on this use.16 Furthermore, allowing drug manufacturers to redistribute information about off-label uses may disincentivize companies to conduct clinical trials to gain FDA approval.17 Without the rigorous scientific scrutiny that comes with FDA approval, the safety and efficacy of off-label uses may not be well elucidated. Limiting manufacturers from promoting off-label use is the primary method used by the FDA to "protect the public from promotional claims that are unsubstantiated at best, and false at worst."18 The FDA regulations are designed to protect not only patients, but also physicians as they prevent them from receiving biased information that may inappropriately influence their prescription choices. However, limiting the dissemination of information may be harmful to public health as it decreases the data readily available to physicians when making treatment decisions.
Benefits of Off-Label Promotion in Dermatology
"FDA restrictions on off-label promotion has made it more difficult for physicians to learn about new uses of drugs and devices."19 The medical community, federal courts and even the FDA all agree that drug manufacturers are often the best source of information on the data regarding the risks and benefits of offlabel drug uses. Any speech on off-label use is subject to the same penalties, regardless of whether or not the information is true. With the wide range of dermatologic disorders and the limited number of well-designed clinical trials assessing the multitude of therapeutic options, off-label prescribing is now commonplace in dermatology. Clinical trials often reveal significant evidence supporting the benefit of off-label uses long before these agents gain FDA approval. This lag time to FDA approval is evident in a wide variety of dermatologic disorders, most recently in the treatment of complicated infantile hemangiomas. On March 17th, 2014, Pierre Fabre Dermatologie obtained marketing authorization from the FDA for the pediatric drug Hemangeol™ (propranolol hydrochloride), making it the first and only FDA approved treatment for proliferating infantile hemangioma requiring systemic therapy.13 However, since 2008, when the efficacy of propranolol for hemangiomas was first proposed,propranolol has proven efficacious in accelerating the involution infantile hemangiomas through a wide variety of case series and clinical trials.20 Also common in dermatology is the wide spread use of products to treat conditions well beyond those reflected on their FDA approved label. Tacrolimus (Protopic™), while only FDA approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, has been used off-label to treat many other skin disorders including lichen planus, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis, vitiligo, pyoderma gangrenosum, and balanitis xerotica obliterans.21,22 While some of these uses are based on small case series, there is statistically significant evidence from multiple randomized, double-blind studies that supports the use of 0.1 % tacrolimus ointment in some forms of psoriasis.23,24 Despite this proven efficacy in a multitude of conditions, the manufactures are confined to only discussing the product's one FDA approved use. These restrictions may contribute to the underuse of products that have tremendous potential to help other patients.
The increasing popularity of off-label prescribing combined with recent law proceedings that have undermined the FDA's ability to regulate off-label marketing activities, has led to some concerns about how to most effectively keep physicians informed while still protecting patients. The FDA's concerns over protecting physicians from inappropriate influence by pharmaceutical companies are often seen as unnecessary and even insulting to the practitioners. With the recent legal cases highlighting protection under the First Amendment, there may be an increase in the free speech by pharmaceutical companies. The necessity of clinical trial transparency and a greater emphasis on improving research quality will become even more important in this setting. The requirements of advanced registration for clinical trials and the stipulation that summary results of clinical trials must be published have made it more difficult to hide negative studies, ensuring that physicians and patients will have access to the most honest and up to date information.25
Many have proposed that to decrease off-label drug use and promotion the FDA must modify their approval system into a streamlined process for approving new uses of drugs. However, such changes to the regulatory system are not likely to occur anytime soon. Off-label promotion will continue to be a necessity as the FDA's current drug approval process is unlikely to keep pace with the rapid expansion of therapeutic options in dermatology. The evolving nature of the FDA's regulatory guidelines on the dissemination of information regarding off-label uses, combined with efforts to improve research quality and transparency, will hopefully expand the realm of knowledge available to physicians, allowing for the best possible management of their patients' dermatologic conditions. Allowing for open discussion about off-label uses should be seen not as a form of pharmaceutical promotion but as a form of education.
Mello MM, Studdert DM, Brennan TA. Shifting terrain in the regulation of off-label promotion of pharmaceuticals. N Engl J Med. 2009 Apr 9; 360(15):1557-66.
Heilman RD. Drug development history, "overview," and what are GCPs? Qual Assur. 1995 Mar;4(1):75-9.
Klees JE, Joines R. Occupational health issues in the pharmaceutical research and development process. Occup Med. 1997 Jan;12(1):5-27.
Sugarman JH, Fleischer AB, Jr., Feldman SR. Off-label prescribing in the treatment of dermatologic disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Aug; 47(2):217-23.
Li VW, Jaffe MP, Li WW, et al. Off-label dermatologic therapies. Usage, risks, and mechanisms. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Nov;134(11):1449-54.
DiMasi JA, Hansen RW, Grabowski HG. The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs. J Health Econ. 2003 Mar;22(2): 151-85.
Tabarrok A. Assessing the FDA via the anomaly of off-label drug prescribing. The Independent Review. 2000 Jul 1;5(1).
Nasr A, Lauterio TJ, Davis MW. Unapproved drugs in the United States and the Food and Drug Administration. Adv Ther. 2011 Oct;28(10):842-56.
O'Reilly J, Dalal A. Off-label or out of bounds? Prescriber and marketer liability for unapproved uses of FDA-approved drugs. Ann Health Law. 2003;12(2):295-324, table.
Osborn JE. Can I tell you the truth? A comparative perspective on regulating off-label scientific and medical information. Yale J Health Policy Law Ethics. 2010;10(2):299-356.
Singer N. F.D.A. aims at doctors' drug pitches. New York Times. 2010 Jan 31. Available at: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/01/business/01wrinkle.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0. Accessed March 8, 2015.
Department of Health and Human Services FaDACfDEaR. Tazarotene capsules in the treatment of psoriasis. 2004.
Barkan ID. Industry invites regulation: the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. Am J Public Health. 1985 Jan;75(1):18-26.
Radley DC, Finkelstein SN, Stafford RS. Off-label prescribing among officebased physicians. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 8;166(9):1021-6.
Fugh-Berman A, Melnick D. Off-label promotion, on-target sales. PLoS Med. 2008 Oct 28;5(10):e210.
Schweiger ES, Pinchover L, Bernstein RM. Topical bimatoprost for the treatment of eyebrow hypotrichosis. J Drugs Dermatol. 2012 Jan; 11(1):106-8.
Ventola CL. Off-label drug information: regulation, distribution, evaluation, and related controversies. P T. 2009 Aug;34(8):428-40.
Copland H HP. Off-label, not off-limits: the FDA needs to create a safe harbor for off-label drug use. Issue brief no.15 January 2013. Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.
Conko G. Hidden truth: the perils and protection of off-label drug and medical device promotion. Health Matrix Clevel. 2011;21(1):149-87.
Leaute-Labreze C, Dumas de la RE, Hubiche T, et al. Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jun 12;358(24):2649-51.
Kaliakatsou F, Hodgson TA, Lewsey JD, et al. Management of recalcitrant ulcerative oral lichen planus with topical tacrolimus. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002 Jan;46(1):35-41.
Ebert AK, Vogt T, Rosch WH. Topical therapy of balanitis xerotica obliterans in childhood. Long-term clinical results and an overview. Urologe A. 2007 Dec;46(12):1682-6.
Remitz A, Reitamo S, Erkko P, et al. Tacrolimus ointment improves psoriasis in a microplaque assay. Br J Dermatol. 1999 Jul;141(1):103-7.
Carroll CL, Fleischer AB, Jr. Tacrolimus ointment: the treatment of atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory cutaneous disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2004 Oct;5(10):2127-37.
Outterson K. Clinical trial transparency–antidote to weaker off-labelpromotion rules? N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 3;371(1):1-3.
Feldman R. Steven
Hoffman B. Melissa
Tazarotene
Yentzer A. Brad
Purchase PDF for $2.79


First Central Insurance: Free hot chocolate & cookies before/ during the parade ( 2-3 pm only).
The Plaza Theatre: The Polar Express at 2:45pm & 5:00pm and National Lampoons Christmas Vacation at 7:00pm.
Scouts, businesses, schools groups, sport teams and churches are welcome to participate.
All float applicants are asked to decorate using the annual theme of 200 Years of Holiday Cheer in the Star City.
Prizes will be awarded to three floats best depicting the holiday season. No entry fee is required.
Parade route is along West Central Ave. at 6th Street to Rivefront Park.


Can private sector leaders transform ailing public sector organisations?
There have been numerous examples in recent years of governments employing C-suite executives from the private sector to transform ailing public sector organisations. Leaders at mid- to senior management levels, interested in contributing to the commercial success of their country, have also been making the shift from private to public. Is this transition a workable one? Are there lessons that the public sector can learn from the private sector?
As far back as 2007, former UK prime minister Gordon Brown established a 'Government Of All the Talents', appointing a number of private sector leaders – including Sir Richard Branson – to his government team. In a conscious move away from cronyism and nepotism, the idea was that these executives, called by the acronym 'goats', would expand the Westminster talent pool to increase efficiency in the civil service.
As part of this drive, Odgers Berndtson UK was involved in a campaign to re-energise the talent pool of the British diplomatic service by bringing in leadership from a number of 'outside' industries. Mid- to senior level private sector leaders were appointed – mostly in their 40s and post-MBA, with years of experience in the commercial world, to complement the pool of career civil servants and increase diversity. Similar campaigns have been conducted for the National Health Service (NHS) and at local government level.
More recently, the current prime minister, David Cameron, appointed former Talisman and BP Downstream CEO John Manzoni as chief executive of the civil service in October last year. According to a civil service reform progress report, more people from outside the civil service are to be brought in to address skills gaps, with all senior appointments open to external candidates.
We believe there is no reason why private sector leaders won't be as successful in the public sector, especially if they already have a proven track record of success in multiple arenas. Of course, they will have to win the hearts and minds of the people, and there is likely to be a lot of resistance and politics, as well as protectionism in certain roles. Much the same as in the private sector however, their success will ultimately be measured by whether or not their organisation is moving in the right direction and service delivery has been improved.
Private sector executives have much to offer the public sector. In keeping with their roles in the private sector, they are usually effective, innovative and transformational. They also know how to ensure excellent customer service – they come from a competitive environment where customers have choices, so they know they have to be the best in terms of customer engagement.
Civil service executives who have come up through the ranks of their organisations tend to suffer from group-think. We believe it is crucial to populate public sector talent pools with diverse leaders who have experience in managing complex commercial organisations – leaders with different experiences, from different sectors and from different markets. If a leader has only ever worked in local government, how is he or she going to come up with the most innovative way of leading, managing and improving service delivery?
As a country which tends to focus on local talent – and not necessarily the best in class – South Africa has much to learn from the example of the UK and further afield. Countries such as Brazil, Singapore, Canada and India have also realised the value of applying the expertise and experience of the private sector to their civil service organisations. In South Africa, our public sector should consider drawing in private sector leaders who have worked in other emerging markets and are well versed in addressing the unique challenges facing developing countries. We don't have to reinvent the wheel – we can look at best practice globally and learn from others who have had some success in transforming struggling public sector organisations. Service delivery should be top of mind, and there is no one better to assist in achieving this goal than successful private sector leaders.


text:
Q: How do I gracefully reattach an Entity Framework 5 POCO structure and save it? I am making an MVC4 web application using Entity Framework 5 (Database-first with generated POCOs) for data access.
In the app, the user goes through several screens, creating or editing a document (called a 'case study'). When they arrive at the final screen, their document exists as a CaseStudy POCO in memory, and everything is great until it is time to save this structure to the database.
To store the document, I have defined several database tables, which in turn map to EF POCOs used by the business layer, which is then consumed by the MVC controllers. As such, short-lived DbContexts are used to retrieve POCOs and store them in session between requests.
As a result, the save screen must save the contents of this POCO that has navigational properties to existing table data (Category, Layout, and Sections tables), and also added or updated data (CaseStudySections and the CaseStudy itself). So all of the POCOs are either new, or the context used to retrieve them has long been disposed. In other words, they are all 'detached'.
What is unusual about this post is that I already have a working solution in hand. The problem is that it is bulky, brittle, and inelegant. I am posting the code below. Note the iteration through sub-collections, the explicit adds and attaches, having to get an entry object and mark individual properties as modified just so they will be updated, and the awful song and dance at the end to get the AdditionalMaterials collection synced up. If this is what is required to deal with detached POCOs in EF5 I will be disappointed.
Am I missing something here? Is this consistent with best practices? Is there a more graceful and/or concise way to attach a structure of POCOs and insert/update?
The code to save a case study:
public void SaveCaseStudy(CaseStudy caseStudy)
{
    foreach (var s in caseStudy.CaseStudySections)
    {
        this.Entities.Sections.Attach(s.Section);

        if (s.CreatedByRefId == default(Guid))
        {
            s.CreatedByRefId = this.UserRefId;
            s.CreatedTime = DateTime.Now;
            this.Entities.CaseStudySections.Add(s);
        }
        else
        {
            this.Entities.CaseStudySections.Attach(s);
            var entry = this.Entities.Entry(s);
            entry.Property(e => e.TextData).IsModified = true;
            entry.Property(e => e.BinaryData).IsModified = true;
        }

        s.LastModifiedByRefId = this.UserRefId;
        s.LastModifiedTime = DateTime.Now;
    }

    foreach (var m in caseStudy.AdditionalMaterials)
    {
        if (m.CreatedByRefId == default(Guid))
        {
            m.CreatedByRefId = this.UserRefId;
            m.CreatedTime = DateTime.Now;
            this.Entities.AdditionalMaterials.Add(m);
        }
        else
        {
            this.Entities.AdditionalMaterials.Attach(m);
        }

        m.LastModifiedByRefId = this.UserRefId;
        m.LastModifiedByTime = DateTime.Now;
    }

    this.Entities.Layouts.Attach(caseStudy.Layout);
    this.Entities.Categories.Attach(caseStudy.Category);

    if (caseStudy.CreatedByRefId != default(Guid))
    {
        this.Entities.CaseStudies.Attach(caseStudy);
        var entry = this.Entities.Entry(caseStudy);
        entry.Property(e => e.CaseStudyName).IsModified = true;
        entry.Property(e => e.CaseStudyTitle).IsModified = true;
    }
    else
    {
        this.Entities.CaseStudies.Add(caseStudy);
        caseStudy.CreatedByRefId = this.UserRefId;
        caseStudy.CreatedTime = DateTime.Now;
    }

    caseStudy.LastModifiedByRefId = this.UserRefId;
    caseStudy.LastModifiedTime = DateTime.Now;

    if (caseStudy.CaseStudyStatus != (int)CaseStudyStatus.Personalized)
    {
        caseStudy.CaseStudyStatus = (int)CaseStudyStatus.PendingApproval;
    }

    caseStudy.ApprovedByRefId = null;
    caseStudy.ApprovedTime = null;
    this.Entities.SaveChanges();

    var existingAdditionalMaterialRefIds = caseStudy.AdditionalMaterials
        .Select(m => m.AdditionalMaterialRefId)
        .ToArray();

    var additionalMaterialsToRemove = this.Entities.AdditionalMaterials
        .Where(m =>
            m.CaseStudyRefId == caseStudy.CaseStudyRefId &&
            !existingAdditionalMaterialRefIds.Contains(m.AdditionalMaterialRefId))
        .ToArray();

    foreach (var additionalMaterialToRemove in additionalMaterialsToRemove)
    {
        this.Entities.AdditionalMaterials.Remove(additionalMaterialToRemove);
    }

    this.Entities.SaveChanges();
}

A: In general it is what you have to do. You must tell EF about each change you want to perform when attaching detached object graph. I don't say that your code cannot be simplified but you will still have to deal with every entity and setting its state if you want it to be added or modified.
Here is little bit older but still valid answer about the topic - in short nothing has changes since I wrote it, only new DbContext API was created which still sits on top of the old API. The best description of this topic I have seen so far is in book Programming Entity Framework: DbContext.

A: How about just doing:
db.CaseStudies.Attach(caseStudy);
db.Entry(caseStudy).State = EntityState.Modified;
db.SaveChange();

That will save all changes in your model to the db.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Review of the Year: Azerbaijan takes the upper hand in Nagorno-Karabakh
By Manuela Scarpellini • last updated: 23/12/2020
Copyright euronews
Armed conflict erupted in the Caucasus in September 2020. It would last 44 days, leave more than 5000 people dead and redefine the map of the Caucasus.
It was over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh: internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan, but controlled by ethnic Armenians since a separatist war in 1994.
Conflicting explanations of the outbreak
What provoked the latest conflict was a matter of dispute: there'd been clashes over recent years but not on this scale.
Two weeks into the fighting - the leaders of each side gave Euronews their side of the story.
"We regret that civilians are being killed," said Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev. "And of course, we were not the source of this attack. They attacked our cities and villages and we had to respond. But our response is primarily is on their military positions".
"We have not attacked anyone," said Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan. "Our actions and the actions of Karabakh are only for self-defence. We have not and do not have the purpose to kill anyone. Our only purpose is to protect the Armenian people from another genocide. It is a self-defence purpose."
Russia brokers ceasefire
It was Azerbaijan who got the upper hand in the fighting - and Russia, traditionally close to the Armenians - who stepped in to stop the contest. In November Vladimir Putin brokered a ceasefire agreement, signed by both sides, in separate ceremonies.
"We proceed from the premise that the agreements reached will create the necessary conditions for a long-term and full-scale settlement of the crisis around Nagorno-Karabakh on a just basis and in the interests of the Armenian and Azerbaijani peoples," he said.
Russian peacekeepers and Russian and Turkish observers were sent in to oversee the ceasefire, the construction of highways and the free movement of people. Territorially, the deal consolidated Azerbaijani gains: a part of Nagorno-Karabakh itself and three territories around it, taken back from Armenian control.
Pashinyan faces calls to resign
Azeris celebrated what they saw as a victory, but in the Armenian parliament, frustrations exploded.
Opposition anger was directed towards Nikol Pashinyan, who was labelled as a traitor and called on to resign.
According to the Armenian government, some 90,000 ethnic Armenians have been displaced by the conflict. In areas which have been handed over to Azerbaijan, they burnt their homes to the ground before leaving, to ensure they wouldn't fall into Azeri hands.
The peace agreement has "frozen" the status quo but has certainly not resolved what is one of the world's oldest conflicts.
The deal ratified the growing Russian and Turkish influence in the region. France, which has a large Armenian community and had a major role in previous negotiations, was sidelined.
Armenia and Azerbaijan accuse each other of breaching Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire
Nagorno-Karabakh: Ethnic Armenians set fire to their homes rather than hand them to Azerbaijan
Flare-up rages on over Nagorno-Karabakh despite US-hosted peace talks


text:
Q: Android Chrome goes back to redirect chain origin after deeplink is triggered I am writing a little webapp that does the following:

*

*Show a form to the user.

*On submit, a PHP file is called. This performs a redirect to a static html page.

*The page attempts to open a deeplink for an Android app (e.g. the play store).

Everything works fine on all mobile OSs and browsers, apart from Chrome on Android. In this case, after opening the deeplink, something in the browser calls the url at point 1, thus going back to the initial page. This is inconvenient for my webapp, because in the real use case page 3 contains more logic that is unfortunately not executed.
Does anyone have any clue about what is going on? Below you can find a very basic version of what I need to do, as even in this case the issue occurs I really don't know where to look :/
Thank you in advance for all!
page-one.html
<html>
<form method="post" action="page-two.php">
    <input type="submit" value="Click here" />
</form>
</html>

page-two.php
<?php
header('Location: page-three.html');

page-three.html
<html>
<head>
    <script>
        window.onload = function () {
            window.location = "market://details?id=com.android.chrome";
        };
    </script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

EDIT:
As suggested on the Google Chrome Help Forum I already tried the following:

*

*Clear your App's Cache and Data: Open Phone settings> Select Apps > Click Chrome > Click CLEAR DATA > Click CLEAR CACHE.

*If the issue still persists, uninstall and reinstall Chrome.

*Also, try the Chrome Beta & Chrome Canary and see if that makes any difference.


text:
Q: jQuery regex tag wrap i have a contenteditable div where i want to make it so that when a user types in a hashtag, everything between that hashtag and the next space will be wrapped in

for example, if a user types in "hi, my name is john #sweaters are a cool article of clothing" the html would read
 hi my name is #john are a cool article of clothing

so far i've got this in my javascript but i think don't know where to go from here
$('.post_box').keydown(function(){
    var note = $(this).html();
    var hashtagPattern = /[#]/i;
    var spacePattern = /[ ]/i;
        // find hashtag
        // find space
        // get stuff between them
        var tag = stuff between them;
        tag.wrap('');
 });

A: I tried to get what you mean, although I can't understand why you disappeared "sweater" and placed the hashtag to "john", but, suppose that you have this:
hi my name is john are a cool article of clothing

and someone adds a hashtag on "john" like this:
hi my name is #john are a cool article of clothing

the html should be something like this:
hi my name is #john are a cool article of clothing

I made a modification to your script
$('.post_box').keyup(function(){
var note = $(this).html(), pattern = /\s\#[A-Za-z0-9]+\s/gi, tag;
while(tag = pattern.exec(note)){
note = note.replace(tag.toString(),' '+$.trim(tag.toString())+' ');
}
$(this).html("");
$(this).html(note);
});

if you notice this line:
note = note.replace(tag.toString(),' '+$.trim(tag.toString())+' ');

you'll realize that is wrapping the hashtag between the , of course there is still a lot of thing to do in order to make this code something usable (at least that's what I think), but that is entirely up to you.
you can find the test code here TEST


text:
HomeCollege Sports JournalNCAA Division I SportsFBS FootballGroup of Five 2018-19 Bowl Day 1 Recap & Highlights
Group of Five 2018-19 Bowl Day 1 Recap & Highlights
Georgia Southern placekicker Tyler Bass celebrates after kicking the game winning field goal as time runs out to defeat Eastern Michigan in the Camellia Bowl in Montgomery, Ala. Courtesy of Mickey Welsh (Montgomery Advertiser)
Five bowl games involving Group of Five schools kicked off the bowl season on Dec. 15. Mountain West champion Fresno State and Sun Belt champion Appalachian State were both in action and both won their games rather easily.
Utah State and Tulane were big winners in their games.
But the game of the day was the Camellia Bowl with Georgia Southern winning on a last second field goal over Eastern Michigan.
The following are link to recaps and video highlights from each of the games.
Cure Bowl (Orlando, Fla.)
Tulane 41 Louisiana-Lafayette 24
New Mexico Bowl (Albuquerque, N.M.)
Utah State 52 North Texas 13
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=20RJwXA3cmQ
Las Vegas Bowl (Las Vegas, Nev.)
Fresno State 31 Arizona State 20
Camellia Bowl (Montgomery, Ala.)
Georgia Southern 23 Eastern Michigan 21
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJS1Ghg7V6U
New Orleans Bowl (New Orleans, La.)
Appalachian State 45 Middle Tennessee State 13
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqzbyb4kGdw
Tags:Appalachian State Mountaineers Football, Arizona State Sun Devils Football, Bowl game, Division I, Eastern Michigan Eagles Football, football, Fresno State Bulldogs Football, Georgia Southern Eagles football, Group of Five, Louisiana-Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns football, Middle Tennessee State Blue Raiders football, NCAA, North Texas Mean Green Football, Tulane Green Wave Football, Utah State Aggies Football
FCS National Championship Game – The Road to Frisco, James Madison Dukes
GAME PREVIEW: BYU at Boise State
2018 College Football Team Previews: St. Francis (PA) Red Flash