Boost your toddler's brain through play! Connect with your kids and other families in this multi-week series, and get answers about your growing child. Siblings up to 5 years old are welcome!
Boost your toddler's brain through play! Connect with your kids and other families in this multi-week series, and get answers about your growing child. Siblings up to 5 years old are welcome! Registration is required.


text:
Joshua H. Abramson
Counsel New York, NY
jhabramson@pbnlaw.com
Josh Abramson has over twelve years of experience representing businesses and individuals in a variety of complex, business related disputes involving breach of contract, fraud, real estate, property rights, and employment and shareholder claims. His practice also focuses on defending product manufacturers against claims of product liability, negligence, and wrongful death, in cases that often involve catastrophic injuries. He routinely appears in state and federal courts, and before arbitration tribunals. Josh also represents clients in will contests, and other estate litigation, in the New York Surrogate's Court.
From matter inception, Josh strives to understand his client's business, litigation objectives and expectations. He zeroes in on the key issues, especially in highly complex and technical matters, and strategically focuses his efforts to efficiently achieve his clients' goals. Clients often call on Josh when emergencies arise and they need someone who knows how to take the steps necessary to protect their interests. An aggressive litigator when the circumstances call for it, Josh also has many years of experience negotiating favorable settlements and outcomes for his clients when that is the most practical path.
Josh is a member of the firm's Litigation Practice Group.
Business Litigation/Real Estate Matters
Lead counsel for security/surveillance company in action alleging conspiracy to divert confidential information, customers, and business opportunities; negotiated favorable settlement.
Represented major telecommunications carrier in a lease dispute where building owner alleged that the carrier's equipment caused property damage in excess of $5 million dollars. Successfully negotiated a favorable settlement in which the carrier was not required to pay any money.
Defended a mid-size plastic recycling company against breach of contract claims asserted by financial services company that had been retained to secure financing in excess of $15 million dollars. Successfully dismissed all claims on summary judgment.
Obtained a dismissal before trial of all claims against a manufacturer and distributor of construction equipment against claims that it violated Sections 200, 240(1) and 241(6) of New York's Labor Law Statute.
Represented a major telecommunications carrier in New York federal court in an action for injunctive and declaratory relief concerning the carrier's rights to access and upgrade equipment in its wireless network. Successfully obtained a court order granting injunctive relief for the carrier, and defeated claims from property owner who sought additional rental income under the parties' long term lease.
Defended officers and directors of nonprofit corporations against securities fraud and conversion claims arising from $97 million dollar bond issue. Obtained dismissal of the majority of plaintiff's securities fraud and conversion claims.
Lead trial counsel in securities arbitration involving claims of breach of fiduciary duty, violation of federal securities laws, and negligent handling of accounts; obtained a significant verdict for client.
Co-trial counsel in New Jersey state court action for a log home company in defense of claims for breach of contract and consumer fraud. After a several day bench trial, the Court rendered a full defense verdict.
Lead trial counsel for mid-size financial services company in commercial litigation matters primarily involving breach of contract.
Defended a major international equipment manufacturer against claims that its air compressor caused a tire explosion and catastrophic injuries due to a design defect. Persuaded the court to dismiss all claims against the manufacturer.
Obtained dismissal of all product liability claims against multi-national conglomerate by successfully convincing the court that our client did not manufacture the product (a concrete pump machine) and was not the "successor" of the actual manufacturer by way of "de facto" merger.
Defended a manufacturer of automatic doors against claims of design defect, manufacturing defect, failure to warn, negligence, and breach of warranty. Obtained a dismissal of all claims against the manufacturer before trial.
Represented major pharmaceutical company in defense of nationwide mass tort involving several thousand plaintiffs alleging severe heart and lung injuries from ingestion of prescription drug. Managed large team of attorneys throughout the country on discovery matters, and played key role in trial preparation.
Co-counsel to a therapeutic bed manufacturer in cases involving claims of product liability, negligence, and breach of contract.
Prior Relevent Experience
Honorable Arthur J. Lesemann, J.A.D., Superior Court of New Jersey, Appellate Division, Law Clerk, 1999–2000.
Schwartz, Tobia, Stanziale, Rosensweig & Sedita, P.A., Verona, New Jersey, Summer Associate, 1998
Honorable Gerald C. Escala, P.J.S.C., Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Judicial Intern, 1997
Opinions, Decisions and Cases
Medina v. RM Resources, et al., 107 A.D.3d 859, 968 N.Y.S.2d 533 (2d Dep't 2013) (argued and on the brief)
Shields v. First Avenue Builders LLC, Housing Partnership Development Corporation, FSLM Associates LLC and Worthington S.p.A., 2013 NY Slip Op. 30160(U) (Sup. Ct., NY Cty 2013) (argued and on the brief)
Zapata v. Ingersoll-Rand Company, Inc., 36 Misc. 3d 1230(A) (Sup. Ct., NY Cty 2012) (argued and on the brief)
Vassi v. The Salem House Condominium Board and T-Mobile Northeast, LLC, 30 Misc. 3d 1233, 926 N.Y.S.2d 347 (Sup. Ct., NY Cty 2011) (argued and on the brief)
United Resource Recovery Corporation v. Ramko Venture Management, Inc., 2009 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 77153 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) (on the brief)
Charles A. Manganero Consulting Engineers, Inc. v. Carney's Point Township Sewerage Authority, 344 N.J. Super. 343 (App. Div. 2001) (on the brief)
Organizations/Memberships
Defense Research Institute, Products Liability Committee (Steering Committee Member)
Chair, Manufacturer's Risk Prevention Specialized Litigation Group (2018 - present); Vice-Chair (2016 to 2018).
Chair of Publications (2014 – 2016); Vice-Chair of Publications (2012 – 2014); Editor of Quarterly Newsletter Strictly Speaking (2011 – 2012); Vice-Editor of Quarterly Newsletter (2010-2011).
New York County Lawyers Association (NYCLA)
Co-Chair, In House/Outside Counsel Committee (2018 - present)
Board of Directors, 20166 Tenants' Corporation (2018 - present)
"New York Court of Appeals Firmly Narrows a Medical Corporation's Fiduciary Liability for the Unauthorized Disclosure of Confidential Patient Information by a Non-Physician Employee," DRI's The Voice (Featured Blog/Business Litigation Update), January 15, 2014.
"Is Your Product Integrated? A Word of Caution to Building Product Manufacturers," DRI's Building Blocks Newsletter, Volume 2, Issue 1, April 18, 2011.
"Dean v. Barrett Homes — Is Your Product Integrated?" New Jersey Defense Association, New Jersey Defense, Volume 26, Issue 3, Spring 2011.
"Securities Fraud and General Business Law §349," New York Law Journal, December 3, 2002.
"No Damages for Delay" Bill Heads For Assembly Floor Vote, Porzio, Bromberg & Newman Construction Law Update, March 2001.
Moderator, "Using Industry Standards and Product Reporting as Critical Defenses in Product Liability Actions," DRI Products Liability Conference, Las Vegas, NV, February 10, 2017.
Speaker, "Defending Against New York Labor Law Claims," CLE Presentation at XL Catlin, July 15, 2015
Program Chair, "Hot Topics in Employment Law," New York County Lawyers Association, New York, NY, October 5, 2015.
Defendant in New York Personal Injury Action Gets Expanded Access to Plaintiff's Social Media Accounts
Court Sides with NYC Medallion Owners, Dismissing Motion for Summary Judgment
United States District Court, District of New Jersey, 1999
United States District Court, Southern District of New York, 2002
United States District Court, Eastern District of New York, 2002
United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 2014
Rutgers University School of Law, Newark, New Jersey, J.D., 1999
Legal Research and Writing Department, Teaching Associate
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, B.A., 1996
Graduated with High Distinction
Phi Beta Kappa Society

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today I placed another order over on the Marshmallow Blends website, which reminded me that I'd planned to review my last lot of products for you guys! So, here goes; the AppleJack Frost Sugar Scrub Cubes.
These came in a lovely tin with a pretty ribbon tied around it. I got seven cubes in my tin, and I found that I could break the cubes in half and easily have enough product to use over my whole body, making these great value for money. Being a sugar scrub, they're lovely and coarse and you can really feel the exfoliation. They also leave your skin feeling soft and moisturised, but not greasy like some scrubs can. They have the added bonus of smelling absolutely amazing - as Nicoletta describes the fragrance on her website, "A gorgeous fresh and fruity fragrance with a hint of spice."
The AppleJack Frost Sugar Scrub cubes are available from the Marshmallow Blends site for £5.99.
I really recommend ordering from Nicoletta - her products are gorgeous and extremely reasonably priced, and it's always nice to support small independent businesses, especially when they're run by someone so lovely!
I would be soooo tempted to lick these.


Just purchased (but not yet received) a Fly Artist, which was advertised as being a 2003 model.
Serial is 3100238BSS. From what I've read on this forum, seven digit serials started appearing in 2003, so this serial length is as-expected if it's a 2003.
However if the last two numbers are supposed to be the year, "38" makes no sense for a year.
If it were just the last number "8", for 2008, that would not add up either, as photos show it's pre-refined (tension wheel through body).
I assume you bought that one off Reverb I was eyeing - It's a pre-refined '98 (the wheel behind the bridge tells you it's definitely pre-'03). I may be mistaken, but I believe that serial indicates it was the 2nd guitar produced on November 6, 1998, and is a Sitka spruce body with basswood neck.
Yep - that's the one :-) Just need to get the broken sperzel's fixed or replaced.
I may be wrong but as I understand it, there were still some pre-refined Flys being made part way into 2003.
I'm pretty sure there have been a few occasions when a Fly left the factory with a serial numbering mistake. Might have been the case here.
Hi sybersitizen, if you were to guess, would you lean more towards this one being 2003 or 1998?
... would you lean more towards this one being 2003 or 1998?
From 1993 through March of 1999 Flys had the original DiMarzio pickups, which were based on the Air Norton for the neck position and the Tone Zone for the bridge position. These are identified by a DiMarzio logo, which is 3/8" long. Flys built since April of 1999 are equipped with DiMarzio newer Parker Fly Custom Neck #PHWP1, and Parker Fly Custom Bridge #PHWP2. These are identified by an italicized DiMarzio logo, which is 5/8" long.
Good point, thanks. I'll advise if they are gen1 or gen2 once I get my hands on the guitar (a week and a half from now as I'm out of town).
Let us know what the extra switch does, too.


text:
info@energyrev.org.uk
COVID's lessons for the road to net zero
With guests Polly Billington and Jim Watson, the team assess the impact of Coronavirus on the net zero transition. How can local energy help bring about a prosperous and fair pandemic recovery? Polly is a member of Hackney Council in East London and director of UK100, a network of more than 100 UK councils that is committed to tackling the climate emergency. Jim is Professor of Energy Policy at the UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources.


text:
package collector

import (
	"bufio"
	"os"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
)

const (
	procStat = "/proc/stat"
	userHz   = 100
)

type statCollector struct {
	cpu          *prometheus.CounterVec
	intr         prometheus.Counter
	ctxt         prometheus.Counter
	forks        prometheus.Counter
	btime        prometheus.Gauge
	procsRunning prometheus.Gauge
	procsBlocked prometheus.Gauge
}

func init() {
	Factories["stat"] = NewStatCollector
}

// Takes a prometheus registry and returns a new Collector exposing
// network device stats.
func NewStatCollector() (Collector, error) {
	return &statCollector{
		cpu: prometheus.NewCounterVec(
			prometheus.CounterOpts{
				Namespace: Namespace,
				Name:      "cpu",
				Help:      "Seconds the cpus spent in each mode.",
			},
			[]string{"cpu", "mode"},
		),
		intr: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: Namespace,
			Name:      "intr",
			Help:      "Total number of interrupts serviced.",
		}),
		ctxt: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: Namespace,
			Name:      "context_switches",
			Help:      "Total number of context switches.",
		}),
		forks: prometheus.NewCounter(prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: Namespace,
			Name:      "forks",
			Help:      "Total number of forks.",
		}),
		btime: prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
			Namespace: Namespace,
			Name:      "boot_time",
			Help:      "Node boot time, in unixtime.",
		}),
		procsRunning: prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
			Namespace: Namespace,
			Name:      "procs_running",
			Help:      "Number of processes in runnable state.",
		}),
		procsBlocked: prometheus.NewGauge(prometheus.GaugeOpts{
			Namespace: Namespace,
			Name:      "procs_blocked",
			Help:      "Number of processes blocked waiting for I/O to complete.",
		}),
	}, nil
}

// Expose a variety of stats from /proc/stats.
func (c *statCollector) Update(ch chan<- prometheus.Metric) (err error) {
	file, err := os.Open(procStat)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer file.Close()

	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)
	for scanner.Scan() {
		parts := strings.Fields(scanner.Text())
		if len(parts) == 0 {
			continue
		}
		switch {
		case strings.HasPrefix(parts[0], "cpu"):
			// Export only per-cpu stats, it can be aggregated up in prometheus.
			if parts[0] == "cpu" {
				break
			}
			// Only some of these may be present, depending on kernel version.
			cpuFields := []string{"user", "nice", "system", "idle", "iowait", "irq", "softirq", "steal", "guest"}
			// OpenVZ guests lack the "guest" CPU field, which needs to be ignored.
			expectedFieldNum := len(cpuFields) + 1
			if expectedFieldNum > len(parts) {
				expectedFieldNum = len(parts)
			}
			for i, v := range parts[1:expectedFieldNum] {
				value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(v, 64)
				if err != nil {
					return err
				}
				// Convert from ticks to seconds
				value /= userHz
				c.cpu.With(prometheus.Labels{"cpu": parts[0], "mode": cpuFields[i]}).Set(value)
			}
		case parts[0] == "intr":
			// Only expose the overall number, use the 'interrupts' collector for more detail.
			value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[1], 64)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			c.intr.Set(value)
		case parts[0] == "ctxt":
			value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[1], 64)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			c.ctxt.Set(value)
		case parts[0] == "processes":
			value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[1], 64)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			c.forks.Set(value)
		case parts[0] == "btime":
			value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[1], 64)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			c.btime.Set(value)
		case parts[0] == "procs_running":
			value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[1], 64)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			c.procsRunning.Set(value)
		case parts[0] == "procs_blocked":
			value, err := strconv.ParseFloat(parts[1], 64)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			c.procsBlocked.Set(value)
		}
	}
	c.cpu.Collect(ch)
	c.ctxt.Collect(ch)
	c.intr.Collect(ch)
	c.forks.Collect(ch)
	c.btime.Collect(ch)
	c.procsRunning.Collect(ch)
	c.procsBlocked.Collect(ch)
	return err
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Hartmann To Leave Rexel; Provoost & Guillouard Appointed To Position
Rudy Provoost had previously been appointed as Chairman of the Management Board in February 2012 and Catherine Guillouard as Group Chief Financial Officer in May 2013, a role she keeps alongside her new responsibilities.
Rexel Holdings USA
FRANCE - Chris Hartmann, EVP & CEO of Rexel Holdings USA and Rexel Executive Committee member, has announced his intention to leave Rexel towards the end of the year. Hartmann remains in charge and committed to ensuring business continuity and a smooth transition until a successor is in place.
Chris Hartmann's decision to leave the company after more than 6 years with Rexel is a personal one and his contribution during his tenure is widely recognized.
Rexel's Board of Directors, acting on the recommendation of its Nomination Committee, voted unanimously at its meeting on May 22 in favor of appointing of Rudy Provoost as Chairman and CEO of the Rexel Group and Catherine Guillouard as Deputy-CEO. Rudy Provoost had previously been appointed as Chairman of the Management Board in February 2012 and Catherine Guillouard as Group Chief Financial Officer in May 2013, a role she keeps alongside her new responsibilities.
Both nominations follow the approval by Rexel shareholders at the Annual General Assembly on May 22, of a decision to move to a one-tier governance structure with a Board of Directors ("Conseil d'Administration"). This change reflects the evolution of Rexel's shareholding structure.
Latest in Operations
Lumber Supplier Faces Fines Following Worker's Death
Industrial Distribution's January/February Digital Edition
CNH Industrial Workers Approve New Deal
Stellar Industrial Supply Names 3M Supplier of the Year
More in Operations
An 18-year-old worker was killed after being struck by a forklift.
Featuring our annual "Watch List" and a visit with Turtle & Hughes.
More than 1,000 CNH workers had been on strike since last May.
U.S. Union Membership Rate Hits All-Time Low Despite Campaigns
The number of workers belonging to a union actually increased, but it failed to keep pace with higher overall employment.
Cleveland-Cliffs, United Steelworkers File Trade Cases on Unfairly Traded Tin Mill Products
They filed antidumping and countervailing duty petitions against eight countries.
Muza Metal Products Names New CEO
John Kriz will serve as the fifth president and CEO in Muza's 95-year history.
Fastenal Issues Debut ESG Report
The distributor highlighted structural changes in its fuel use and brick-and-mortar footprint.
Cutting Tool Orders Up 21% in November
Year-to-date orders were up more than 10%.
What Does ESG Mean?
These business standards and principles are becoming both more commonplace and controversial.
Using Analytics to Solve 3 Key Manufacturing Challenges
The amount of data that goes unanalyzed in a production facility is frightening.
Joseph Hardy, 84 Lumber Founder, Dies at 100
Hardy is credited with "rethinking the lumber business."
CNH Workers Reject 'Last, Best and Final' Offer
The UAW workers previously rejected at the start of the strike a three-year deal that included 18.5% raises.
Building Materials Distributor C.H. Briggs to Shut Down
The company said efforts to restructure its relationship with its primary supplier were unsuccessful.


It Ain't Half Hot, Mum is a BBC television sitcom about a Royal Artillery concert party, set in Deolali in India, during the last months of the Second World War. It was written by Jimmy Perry and David Croft, who had both served in similar roles in real life in India. It was first broadcast on BBC 1 between 1974 and 1981 in eight series totalling 56 episodes in all. Each episode ran for 30 minutes.


text:
Open Journal of Modern Linguistics
10.4236/ojml.2014.42029
First-Year English Majors' Identity Transformations and English Learning
Qiuming Lin
Faculty of English Language and Culture, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
Email: linqiuming@gmail.com
Copyright © 2014 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
Received 15 April 2014; revised 17 May 2014; accepted 25 May 2014
Learner identity has been recognized as significant for second or foreign language learning in the recent decades. By employing Bamberg et al.'s (2011) framework of three identity dilemmas and Norton's identity theory of SLA (Norton, 2000, 2010) as the theoretical foundation, this study in- vestigates how learners' identities transformed, and how they were related to learners' English learning trajectories by tracing a group of first-year English majors in a key university in China for one year. With the data elicited from one of the participants' diary and in-depth researcher-par- ticipants meetings, this paper suggests that English learning is not just a process of acquiring a set of language skills and knowledge, but a complicated social practice, in which learners' identities are constantly constructed, deconstructed and reconstructed. This finding has important implica- tions for English teaching and learning in China.
Learner Identity, English Learning, Identity Dilemma, Investment, Imagined Community, Diary Study
Most English majors have to go through dramatic transitions in their life upon their first arrival in the university. There is a transition from their hometown, which is usually a small city or a town or even a village, to a metro- polis, a place full of novelties but remote from their families, former classmates and teachers. There is a transi- tion from comprehensive study on subjects of both arts and science to specialized study in English language and culture. There is a transition from a pressured life revolving exercises and exams to a bustling life full of social activities. For the first-year English majors, the university is a new community of practice1, in which they take all kinds of language courses, enhancing English skills and deepening their understanding of the cultures of English-speaking countries. At the same time, they make friends and participate in all sorts of social activities, such as joining students' union or taking part-time jobs. Being engaged with the ever-going English learning process and various social activities, the English majors may identify themselves with different roles and keep having new self-understandings.
By tracing a group of first-year English majors for almost one year in GW, a key university in Guangzhou, China, the current study investigates how the transformations of learners' identities are related to their English learning trajectories. Specifically, this longitudinal study aims to address two research questions:
1) How are the English majors' identities constructed and transformed in the first year in the university?
2) How do learners' identities affect and simultaneously are affected by English learning?
2. Literature Review
The issue of identity has recently been recognized as central to Second Language Acquisition (SLA), as there is much research in the relationship between identity and L2 learning. Different researchers, drawing on different sources and using a variety of methodologies, have brought diverse perspectives to this relationship. A wealth of research explores the multiple and intersecting dimensions of language learners' identities (for example, Block, 2007; Day, 2002; Miller, 2003), while a growing body of research seeks to investigate the ways in which parti- cular relations of race, gender, class and sexual orientation may impact the process of SLA (for example, Kanno, 2008; Nelson, 2009; Norton, 2000).
However, most of the research is targeted at ESL learners in English speaking countries. There has been little focus on the identity of the EFL learners. Being the largest population of EFL learners in the world, the Chinese English learners remain largely understudied in identity and SLA research. Only a small group of Chinese scho- lars have explored the relationship between EFL learning and self-identity of Chinese college students (Gao, 2004; Gao et al., 2004), but none of this research is longitudinal, thus failing to reveal a more dynamic picture of how the learners' identities transform and relate to their English learning trajectories over a period of time in college. My research will then be a new and significant contribution to this area.
3. Theoretical Foundation
3.1. Theoretical Framework
The construction of identity is integral to the current study. Bamberg, De Fina, & Schiffrin's (2011) explication of three identity dilemmas will be drawn on as the theoretical framework. According to Bamberg et al., the process of identity construction is best conceptualized as the navigation or management of a space between different dilemmatic positions.
3.1.1. Dilemma (i) Agency and Control
Agency refers to the capability to act. One will lean toward a world-to-person direction of fit or a person-to- world direction of fit. On one end of this continuum, the person will view himself/herself as a recipient or an undergoer who is constructed by the world. On the other end, the person will view himself/herself as a creator or a controller who constructs the way the world is.
3.1.2. Dilemma (ii) Sameness vs Difference between Me and Others
The space between self-differentiation and self-integration constitutes another continuum. One will define a sense of self as different from others, or one will integrate a sense of self into communities with others. This re- quires the navigation of how and to what degree one views and presents oneself as the same or different from others.
1A community of practice (CoP) is, according to cognitive anthropologists Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger (1991), a group of people who share a craft and/or a profession. The group can evolve naturally because of the members' common interest in a particular domain or area, or it can be created specifically with the goal of gaining knowledge related to their field. It is through the process of sharing information and experiences with the group that the members learn from each other, and have an opportunity to develop themselves personally and professionally.
3.1.3. Dilemma (iii) Constancy and Change
Identity is also constructed through navigation between constancy and change. One will position oneself in terms of some form of continuity, facing the dilemma of claiming to be the same in the face of constant change or claiming to have changed in small ways.
The above-mentioned identity dilemmas are three continua, within which individuals construct a sense ofself that balances in between two extreme endpoints. My analysis of learners' identity transformations in the current study will be carried out within this three-level positioning framework.
3.2. Theoretical Concepts
Norton's identity theory of SLA (Norton, 2000, 2010) also serves a part of the foundation of my current study. Norton argues that learners' identities are central to second language learning. They are socially constructed in inequitable relations of power, changing over time and space, and possibly coexisting in contradictory ways in a single individual. In her theory, three important and interrelated concepts, namely identity, investment and im- agined community, are very useful for my discussion of the relationship between learners' identity and language learning.
3.2.1. Identity
Norton (1995, 1997) used the term identity to refer to how a person understands his or her relationship to the so- cial world, how that relationship is socially constructed across time and space, and how the person understands possibilities for the future. Norton argues that three characteristics of identity are particularly relevant to SLA: the multiple, non-unitary nature of identity; identity as a site of struggle; and identity as changing over time.
3.2.2. Investment
Norton (1995) introduced the economic term investment to signal the socially and historically constructed rela- tionship of learners to the target language and their sometimes ambivalent desire to learn and practice it. She ar- gues that, if learners invest in a second language, they do so with the understanding that they will acquire a wid- er range of symbolic and material resources, which will in turn increase the value of their "cultural capital"2. Learners expect or hope to have a good return on that investment, which will give them access to hitherto unat- tainable resources. Learners' investment will change over time, being influenced by various factors, such as leaners' self-identity, power relations between the English language learners and native speakers, etc.
3.2.3. Imagined Community
The term "imagined communities" was first coined by Benedict Anderson (1991) and refers to groups of people, not immediately tangible and accessible, with whom we connect through the power of the imagination. Norton (2010) points out that these imagined communities, however, are no less real than the ones in which learners have daily engagement, and might even have a stronger impact on their investment in the target language and their learning trajectories. A learner's imagined community invites an imagined identity, and a learner's invest- ment in the target language must be understood within this context of future affiliations and identifications, ra- ther than prevailing sets of relationships.
4. Methodology
4.1. Research Design
Since learners' identities are seen as multiple and changing, methods that used in an identity approach to SLA tend to be qualitative rather than quantitative. For there has been a strong methodological focus on narratives (Norton, 2010), the methodology used for the current research is "Diary Study".
2Cultural capital is a sociological concept that has gained widespread popularity since it was first articulated by Pierre Bourdieu. For Bourdieu, cultural capital acts within a system of exchange as a social relation that includes forms of knowledge, skills, education, and advantages that a person has that confers power and status in society.
At the beginning of the academic year 2012-13, I invited the first-year students in my Communicative English class as participants. Five of them (4 female and 1 male) volunteered for my study. I asked them to keep a diary and regularly take down their experiences in learning English. We gathered together on a group once a month and they were encouraged to read some extracts from their diary entries to the group, sharing their desires, fears, joys and frustrations in English learning. In order to guarantee a supportive and intimate environment for the discussion, all the meetings were held at comfortable and relaxed settings, such as the café or canteens on cam- pus. Following Pierce (1994), I didn't use any recorder, as it might make the participants feel uncomfortable when discussing personal issues, and might accentuate my role as researcher and distance our relationship. However, I did take notes at the meetings when I wanted to record words from the participants.
The project ran for almost one year till the end of the academic year.
4.2. Data Collection
At the end of the project, the diaries of the participants were collected as the major source of data. The research- er-participants meetings mentioned above are another important source for data collection. The discussions that arose from the diary extracts were a rich complement to the written diary entries. The data for my diary study then include two major sources: First, learners' diaries, in which the participants recorded their English learning experiences; Second, my notes taken during the researcher-participants meetings.
5. Case Analysis
In this paper, one of the five participants is selected for a more detailed case analysis and discussion. Harper (pseudonym) was a 19-year-old girl when she came into GW from a small county near Guangzhou. Before that she studied in the best middle school in the county, and did well in all subjects. Her scores on the subject of English were always among the top three in her grade, and because of this, as she said, she had a sense of achievement. With her dream to become a middle school teacher of English in the future, she was very excited to be enrolled by GW and became an English major.
5.1. Agency and Control
Before entering the university, Harper presented herself as highly agentive in her studies. She was among the top students in the grade, and had self-confidence. After achieving a good result in the College Entrance Examina- tion, she was even more self-recognized. People around her also thought highly of her and her parents gave her the right to act on her own, such as deciding which universities to apply for and what subject to major in. Finally, she chose GW and English upon the advice from her middle school teachers.
This high degree of agency continued into the beginning of her university life. She presented herself as active both in and after the class. She studied English industriously, made friends enthusiastically, and vigorously ap- plied for various students' clubs and societies. To her disappointment, however, most of her applications were unsuccessful because she couldn't pass the interviews. She began to realize the fierce competition in the univer- sity, especially in a good university like GW. She wrote in her diary, "There are too many excellent students. This has strong impacts on me. I wanted to participate in many activities, but finally I have to be an onlooker. My expectations turned out to be just colorful bubbles."
English learning was not as smooth as Harper expected, either. The teaching styles and methods were unfami- liar, the courses proceeded very fast, and teachers' requirements were more challenging compared with those in the middle school. She was not feeling good any more. She was most frustrated in the Pronunciation course and Listening course. She was shocked to learn that her pronunciation of almost each consonant and vowel was wrong, and she could hardly understand the news in the Listening course. The failures in the interviews for join- ing the clubs also made her lose self-confidence in the English class. She became timid and reluctant to express herself or answer questions. And she was very nervous and shy when making a class presentation. She gradually felt hard to follow the courses, and didn't know how to prepare for the exams and live up to teachers' expectations. "I was hugely influenced by the environment and others. My conception of the university has changed, and many of my ideas and plans have changed too. I felt so passive."
Although Harper still felt lack of agency, things became slightly better in the second term. In the first term, it appeared that she aimed too high and expected too much, and thus she felt upset and lost. After three months' adaptation and adjustment, she had a better and clearer understanding of herself, and could set for herself much more practical goals that were in line with her capability.
Towards the end of the academic year, Harper gradually got things under control again. When the first year ended and the summer vocation began, she felt herself like a fighter who had a chance to rest and retrospect. She began to construe new plans and goals for the vacation, such as learning driving and Spanish, reading English novels, and practice English pronunciation and intonation by following the lines in the American soap operas. "The summer vacation gives me time to think what I have, what I need, what I lack, and how to make it up. I felt I was in charge of the vocation, and I could make the best use of it."
5.2. Sameness vs Difference between Me and Others
Harper did everything the same as all her classmates after the College Entrance Exam―waiting for the exam result, filling in the application form, waiting for the admittance letter, getting to know about the future univer- sity. At the same time, she took a part-time job and went travelling. She constructed herself as being a member of the vast army of college-students-to-be. However, she strongly identifies her future education as significantly different from many others because she was going to study a very different subject in a more prestigious univer- sity, while most of her classmates were going to major in subjects of science and engineering. She expressed pride with regard to the difference and confidence about her future.
After entering GW, with all the other freshmen, Harper experienced every novelty in university life,getting to know people, joining in students' clubs and societies, feeling curious about the new courses, setting aims and making plans. As a local student who had lived near Guangzhou, Harper was easier to get accustomed to the daily life in university compared with the students who came from other provinces. But she quickly found that many of her classmates were marvelous, as they were very independent and competent. "I feel pressured with them. But the pressure gives me motivation too. I am honored to spend my university life with them."
In the middle of the first year, Harper felt every freshman was already very different from others. Everyone was engaged in different activities according to their respective aims and interests, e.g. taking different courses, joining different organizations, taking different part-time jobs. Harper finally got herself in the Magicians' club, Badminton club and Environmental Protection Association. "The others all get into something. If I didn't get in- to anything, I would feel empty," stated by her in a researcher-participants meeting. She also took a part-time job as a campus agent for a well-known English learning organization. She hoped to train her eloquence and com- municative skills through the job. Sometime later she took another part-time job as an English tutor for a high school student.
In the winter vacation, Harper did one thing that made her even more differentiated from her peers. She wore a brace on her teeth. "I have very irregular teeth. I am ashamed of them. I dare not show my teeth to others. I dare not even laugh loudly with my mouth open. So I decided to do it. I want to begin my future career with a better appearance," she stated in a meeting. In order to wear the brace, Harper had to get four teeth removed, which was a miserable experience for her. And then, the wire device inside her mouth made her extremely un- comfortable, and prevented her from eating and speaking normally. What's more, she had to keep answering endless questions about the brace from her relatives, friends and classmates. With the brace, Harper constructed herself as a strange being. These sufferings lasted for almost one term.
When the summer vacation began, Harper felt she was not different from her peers again. They had just finished an exciting year in university, and now they were moving on into the second year. It was time to reflect, and to prospect too.
5.3. Constancy and Change
After receiving the admittance letter from GW, Harper positioned herself as a college student, separating from her past as a middle school student. She wanted to become more independent, and reduce her reliance on the family. That's why she took a part-time job, and went travelling. Sometimes she travelled alone. "I felt lonely and bored sometimes. But a strong person should be able to endure the loneliness." She was still the same as before, holding strong belief in herself, in her future.
As soon as she entered GW, Harper was overwhelmed by the drastic transition. She wrote in her diary: "In the middle school, we were 'forced' to study, and strictly supervised by teachers and parents. But in university, no one restrains you anymore. You need to study autonomously and diligently. Otherwise you got nothing." Harper realized that tertiary education has looser control but higher demands for students. She also found that the once effective learning strategies she used in high school were no longer fit for her studies now.
At the same time, instead of spending the majority of the day sitting in the classrooms like what she did in the middle school, Harper was busy with her club affairs and part-time jobs. She needed to spend a lot of time in preparing the lessons she gave to her "student" every week. Gradually she began to lose control of her time, lose balance between study and work, and could not complete her tasks in time. What's worse, her efforts in English didn't pay off. She was below the average in the class. She constructed herself as a poor learner, no longer the top student in the middle school.
After losing herself in disappointments and failures for a long time, Harper gradually found herself back. She decided to stand on solid ground, and make progress step by step. In the second term, she quit two clubs and the tutoring job. She had more time for English learning. In the final exam, her marks got better, and she regained faith in herself.
Harper admitted that English learning affects her enormously, sometimes inspiring, sometimes discouraging. No matter what impact it had, she would keep striving for improvement as she always had before. "I would not crave something high and out of reach now. I can accept myself, the one who only makes tiny progress every day or even no progress at all. But I believe I will succeed in the future."
6. Case Discussion
Throughout her first year in the university, Harper was seeking every opportunity to improve herself, to arm herself, and to prepare herself for a bright future. From the previous identity dilemma analysis, we can see that she has multiple identities (including imagined ones):
· As a female, who will become pretty with regular teeth. Harper believes, with the brace on her teeth for one or two years, she will become a prettier woman with confidence in her appearance. It is this future self-por- trait in her mind or imagined identity that pulls her though the sufferings―unpleasing looks, pains, discomfort, curious or antipathetic gaze from others, inabilities to chew food or to speak clearly, etc. At the initial stage, she was worried that she could not speak English well with the brace, so she purposefully reduced her investment on English speaking.
· As an adult, who should be able to endure loneliness, agony and adversity. It's this identity that prompts Harper to go travelling alone, supports her to overcome the pains from wearing the brace as well as the set- backs in English studies and the club interviews. Her eventual overcoming the difficulties reinforces her self- identification as a gown-up.
· As a college student, who should be independent and have scholastic pursuit. This identity further distances Harper from her family psychologically, and affiliates her to the community at her university. As a new member of this community, she pays close attention to various campus events, and tries to get involved. She also tries to upgrade herself scholastically by following all kinds of English competitions, such as the Pro- nunciation Contest, the Speaking Contest, the Drama night, the Interpretation Contest, etc. This comprehen- sive involvement further constructs her identity as a college student.
· As an English major, who should be more skillful in English and more open to western culture. No doubt Harper's heavy investment on English largely originates from this identity. She tries every possible way to make her English level higher than non-English majors. She recites English vocabulary, watches English movies, reads English books, listens to English news, speaks English in her dorm, and even studies English when taking non-English courses. Even though her efforts don't yield a satisfactory return, she never gives up.
· As a potential middle school teacher of English, who should possess not only the English knowledge but also the quality of a good teacher. For a long time, Harper has interest and passion in the teaching profession. She identifies herself as a future member of the community of English teachers. This imagined identity further commits her to English learning and impels her to take the tutoring job so as to experience being a teacher.
· As a potential career woman, who is competent, eloquent, and good at communication, organization and management. When Harper is low in her English studies, she deconstructs her identity as a future English teacher as she cannot see much chance in it. But she never doubts that she will become successful in her fu- ture career. Reconstructing herself as a future member of the community of successful career women, Harper engages herself energetically in extracurricular activities in order to develop different skills and abilities. The investment of time and energy on other activities distracts Harper's devotion to English learning.
· As a controller of life. There are moments when Harper views herself dominating: she can choose university, choose the specialty, choose the time, the place and the ways to study English, decide what activities to take, and moves towards her goals step by step. In these moments, Harper studies English actively. Meanwhile, the improvement of her English level strengthens her identification as the controller of her life.
· As an undergoer of fate. There are also moments when Harper feels helpless. She cannot choose the clubs she likes best. She cannot choose the courses she is more interested in. Instead, she is chosen by the clubs. She has to accept some boring courses that have been arranged for her, and she has to follow some English courses arduously. In these moments, Harper deconstructs herself as being a controller of life and recon- structs herself as being a passive recipient at the mercy of fate.
All these gender, age-group, academic and (imagined) professional identities and various self-identifications fade in and out through Harper's first-year life in the university. Some of them are harmonious, while some are contradictory. Some of them may be more foregrounded at a particular time or space, while others may be more highlighted at another time or space. All these identities are more or less impactful to Harper's investment on her English learning, while her English learning experience also partly constructs or deconstructs her identities. Along with her English learning, Harper is constantly organizing and reorganizing a sense of who she is and how she relates to the social world.
7.1. Summary of the Study
With the data elicited from participant's diary and in-depth researcher-participants meetings, this paper has re- vealed a dynamic picture of identity transformations of an English major throughout her first year in the university. During this period, the participant's identities are multiple and ever-changing, being constantly constructed, deconstructed and reconstructed. The transformations of her identities in university have influenced her com- mitment to English learning, while English learning itself constitutes a part of the ongoing process of her identi- ty constructions.
We can see that the participant constructs and negotiates her identities by mediating herself between two ex- treme points in three identity dilemmas. Sometimes she claims agency and control over her life, while at other times she feels being constructed by the world. She views herself as similar to others in some ways, yet she also differentiates herself from her peers in other ways. She indicated severe personal changes, but emphasized at the same time that her faith in future success has never altered.
We can also see that the participant's identities are significantly related to her investment on English, and should be understood not only in terms of investment in the real world but also in terms of investment in im- agined communities. In some cases, imagined communities provide her a strong impetus for English learning. In some other cases, they led her to withdraw her time and energy in English learning and engage her in alternative actions.
7.2. Implications and Future Research
The current study on English learners' identities has important implications for English teaching in China. Teachers and educators need to be highly aware of the fact that learners' investment on English cannot be fully understood without being associated with their identities, which are multiple, contradictory, and ever-changing. Each language learner is unique, and their existence and development need to be respected, attended and cared. A humanistic approach should be adopted in language education. A friendly and open space should be opened for the learners with different identities, and each learner should be given the equal right to speak or use English in and after class.
Future research can explore how teachers and educators can practice the humanistic approach in details, and give more concrete advices for pedagogy. Furthermore, the investigating time of the study can be extended to the whole period in university to demonstrate more comprehensively how the transformations of learners' iden- tities are related to their four years' English learning trajectories.
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I've been meaning to sew up this pattern since it was released a year ago as it looked like a great breezy summer piece. In the meantime I saw a few jumpsuits with a button details down the front, which I loved. I decided to hack this pattern by creating a button placket instead of the zipper.
This did go on my make nine plans and I thought I would sew it up this summer. However with the monthly stitch challenge it jumped to the top of the list.
Adding the button placket was a little bit of a head scratcher for me – but google and reference to other patterns helped me out. Otherwise it is a truly simple sew, and I decided to take a little bit more time on it.
I am really happy with how the insides look – these are my neatest unlined insides ever I think. I french seamed the side seam and did a little fake french seam on the lower inside leg seam so even if I roll the leg up it will still look pretty.
I was keen to make it in a pink linen and I looked at a lot of options online. I eventually settled on some Merchant and Mills linen that they described as "pale pinky grey with a slight lilac tone." It is really difficult to describe the colour – it seems to change depending on the light, sometimes it is pink, sometimes it is grey and sometimes it is purple. Its not quite what I was expecting but it is gorgeous. The fabric itself was amazing to sew with as well, and I would definitely recommend it, if you wanted to treat yourself to some linen.
Hopefully summer will be nice and warm again this year. I am not concerned about the fit as they are very loose – straight down from the armsyce to the hip – no waist definition in the pattern at all, so I should fit into them no matter what (fingers crossed).
I tried them on, and of course, there was a comical gap over my belly, but the crotch depth seemed to fit well. The pattern is drafted for someone 170cm tall and I am 172cm. The legs seemed quite long. It is difficult to see my feet at the moment but I think the legs were breaking over my feet rather than cropped at the ankle like I was expecting. This will be an easy fix in summer if I want to change it.
Description. A relaxed and loose fitting jumpsuit with a v-neck front and back and waist sash.
Sizing: size A-K I cut E, the size that fitted my pre pregnancy measurements and fingers crossed since it is loose fitting it will be accommodating of whatever size I am in summer!
Were the instructions easy to follow? Yes the instructions were really great, as ever for these patterns.
Likes/dislikes: A good design, well thought out instructions.
Fabric used: this gorgeous linen from Merchant and Mills.
Alterations/design changes? I removed the back zip and replaced it with a partial button placket in the front.
Would I sew again? That depends on the fit when it is actually summer. I do like it though.
This is the first time I have actually properly hacked a pattern. Normally I just lengthen or shorten patterns. Adding the partial button placket involved a bit of googling to work out how to do it, I leaned heavily on the button placket used in the button up dress. I am really pleased with how it has worked out.
Soft fluid lines with waist definition, the wooden buttons are an "earthy" accent. The linen is of course a nice slubby material. This ticks a lot of the boxes as a soft natural, so it will be interesting to see how it looks on in summer.


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Chapsa thallotrema is a species of lichen in the family Graphidaceae. Found in Panama, it was described as new to science in 2011.

References

Ostropales
Lichen species
Lichens described in 2011
Lichens of Central America
Taxa named by Robert Lücking

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Duke of Devonshire Emerald is one of the world's largest and most famous uncut emeralds, weighing . Originating in the mine at Muzo, Colombia, it was either gifted or sold by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil to William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire in 1831. It was displayed at the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, and more recently at the Natural History Museum in 2007.

See also

 Colombian emeralds
 Muzo
 List of individual gemstones
 List of emeralds by size

References

Individual emeralds
Colombian emeralds


text:
Plot: A group of widows with nothing to lose take up the heist their husbands never had the chance to pull off.
Release Date: 18th March 2019
Format: DVD | Blu-ray | VOD
Director(s): Steve McQueen
Cast: Carrie Coon, Michelle Rodriguez, Elizabeth Debicki, Colin Farrell, Liam Neeson, Daniel Kaluuya, Viola Davis and Robert Duvall
BBFC Certificate: 15
Running Time: 2hrs 9mins
Review By: Alex Moss
Intricate, powerful and compellingly relevant, Widows builds a world, lures you in and lets you inhabit it creating the very definition of a character crime thriller.
Posted March 17, 2019 by Alex Moss Editor
It's taken its sweet time about it but Hollywood is finally coming around to the fact that films with a predominantly female cast can still do Wonders at the box office. But too often the strategy seems to be, 'take what worked for the guys and just recast it with an all female cast'. Hence Ghostbusters and Ocean's Eight. On paper Widows could easily be read as an all female Heat – it certainly shares a lot of similarities to Michael Mann's crime opus – but what Steve McQueen has created is as intricate, layered and textured as Mann's film but with a sense of being something a little more meaty, a little more politically charged.
When her husband's latest heist goes wrong, Veronica (Viola Davis) is threatened by the people he had just robbed to get the money or suffer the consequences. Her life in disarray she turns to the fellow widows of her husband's gang, knowing full well they are in just as much dire straits. With the help of Linda (Michelle Rodriguez) and Alice (Elizabeth Debicki) the gang come together, despite their differences, to figure out who they are in the world outside of the shadow of their former partners. But the world they enter is various shades of grey, and pulling off the heist will come with plenty of twists and turns.
Based on Lynda La Plante's '80s TV series and co-written by Gone Girl's Gillian Flynn, Widows is a weighty drama that refuses to conform to just one thing. Every time it feels as if it's going down a familiar path it shifts your focus in a delicate manner. Watching it you are reminded of the bastion of great crime shows, The Wire. Like that film the city it's set in, here Chicago, is key to the film. Similarly Widows takes in every aspect of a bustling metropolis. From the crime we follow to the politics, religion, the social pecking order, right down to the most relevant hottopics of America now such as Black Lives Matters and gun crime.
Trying to cover off this many zeitgeist issues for many would be too much. But Steve McQueen does so with the deftness of touches. His camera glides and revolves around this world and the disparate characters who occupy it. It's immersive and tense without ever feeling the need to up the ante with extravagant set pieces. Instead when things kick-off there is a subtlety and nuance to proceedings. A smart comment on how a female crew would execute a heist without ever feeling the need to go in all guns blazing as their male counterparts would. At times it aims a little high, some of the twists feel a little too forced but cramming this much into such a tight film you forgive it such minor sins.
Without exception the cast are stunning. The central four key female characters are simply brilliant. By now we're used to seeing Viola Davis light up the screen with her one hundred yard death stare. Rodriguez, normally more at home in the kind of macho action films Widows is rebelling against, brings a sense of angered desperation. Debicki finds a fragile naviety to the group, but one that allows her character to go through the biggest and most engaging character arc. Meanwhile the breakout start is Cynthia Erivo her maternal strength is smile inducingly powerful. She might also be the only actor in living memory to be able to run as powerfully on screen as Tom Cruise.
ElizabethDebicki MichelleRodriguez SteveMcQueen ViolaDavis Widows
Alex Moss Editor
Alex Moss' obsession with film began the moment he witnessed the Alien burst forth from John Hurt's stomach. It was perhaps ill-advised to witness this aged 6 but much like the beast within Hurt, he became infected by a parasite called 'Movies'. Rarely away from his computer or a big screen, as he muses on Cinematic Deities, Alex is "more machine now than man. His mind is twisted and evil". Email: alex.moss@filmjuice.com
More articles by Alex Moss Editor »
Pulp Fiction – 4K
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In Your Electorate
Electorate Information
Electorate Map
2010 CARERS AWARD FOR DELYS CUMMING
Last week Nationals Member for Lismore Thomas George had the pleasure of presenting Delys Cumming with a NSW Carers Award 2010.
The Awards, which have been announced as part of 2010 National Carers Week running from 17 � 23 October, aim to recognise individuals and organisations who have made a significant contribution to improving the lives of the people for whom they care and to our community as a whole.
Delys, of Chilcots Grass, received her award in recognition of her caring for her elderly parents for the past 15 years.
"This award celebrates the wonderful work Delys does in caring for her parents," said Mr George.
"Carers really do make a difference to the lives of many in our community and it is great to see the valuable work they carry out recognised."
Jennie Richter, of Kyogle, also received a NSW Carers Award 2010 in acknowledgement of caring for her son, supporting him through sickness to recovery.
oto of Thomas presenting Delys with Award
Office: 55 Carrington Street LISMORE
Postal: PO Box 52 LISMORE NSW 2480
Telephone: 1800 336 166 or 02 6621 3624
Facsimile: 02 6622 1403 Email: lismore@parliament.nsw.gov.au
Authorised by Thomas George MP. Funded using Parliamentary entitlements.


There are more than two million women veterans today in the U.S., a good percentage of whom have struggled with or continue to struggle with housing issues after military service. We've written about the topic, here, but we're giving you an opportunity to have your voices heard on the subject. Tell us your own story. This is a link to a brief, IRB-approved survey on housing issues after military service. If you're a woman veteran, a woman currently serving as a reservist, or if you completed your military service as a woman, please take this survey. Please also share it with other women veterans you know. By doing so, you will help raise the profile of who women veterans are and substantially add to what's known about housing issues after military service. Thank you! http://bit.ly/hwvsurvey2b.


At a press event three days ago (December 7th), Google provided a long overdue progress update on the status of their Chrome OS project. No, it wouldn't be shipping on new laptops this year like they had previously promised. Instead, Google announced a pilot program where they would provide participants with notebooks running the Chrome OS in exchange for using it often and providing detailed feedback.
Figuring it was worth the few minutes it took to fill out the application form, I signed-up for the Chrome OS pilot program. So with my low expectations in mind, yesterday I was shocked to find that a Cr-48 notebook had been delievered to our house by Google.
Below, I'll give you a quick overview of the Cr-48 prototype notebook and of Chrome OS itself.
Cutting the Cable Part 2: Hello Roku.
Our family dropped our cable subscription last year, and I'd consider the change a success on most accounts. With just one or two reliable over-the-air channels available, our living room TV stayed quiet for months except for kids' movies and PBS programs. Casey all but stopped watching TV except for the occasional disc from Netflix, and I continued watching the majority of my television on the 2-inch screen of my iPod Nano.
In March, our living room entertainment options expanded a bit when we began beta testing the Netflix streaming disc for our Nintendo Wii. The on-screen interface was minimal, requiring that almost everything be done from the browser on a Mac/PC, but it did allow us to watch shows and movies on-demand on a screen bigger than our 20-inch iMac. Picture quality wasn't all that great, and we had a lot of buffering issues, but it was better than nothing.
When we moved into our new house a couple of months ago, Casey mentioned that she'd like to be able to watch something while nursing our infant, and for the inevitably long winter nights that we have here in North Dakota. After looking at a few different options, we decided to try the new Roku XDS. The Roku is a streaming-only device, gettings its content from various sources online instead of storing it locally on a drive.


"FORCE, Imaging the force of cancer", is a large-scale Horizon 2020 project, funded by the European Union, whose aim is to address a fundamental need in planning and monitoring of cancer treatment by measuring the forces active in cancer.
The forces on a primary cancer tumour – such as tumour Interstitial Fluid Pressure (IFP) and Cell Traction Force (CTF) at the tumour border zone – are thought to be key indicators of whether cancer therapy is working as well as the likelihood of the cancer spreading to other organs. However, being able to measure these forces non-invasively is currently not possible but is paramount for therapy planning and evaluating treatment efficacy. While the treatment of primary tumour sites is vital, gauging the metastatic potential for cancer spread is increasingly important for ensuring appropriate therapy is given.
The FORCE project will tackle these needs by integrating fundamental developments in engineering and Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging to develop Magnetic Resonance Force (MRF) Imaging – a novel non-invasive modality for directly measuring Interstitial Fluid Pressure and cell traction forces.
The project will not only give a better insight of cancer forces but will also examine the efficacy of actively manipulating the cancer environment. Developments of the FORCE project will, for the first time, enable the measurement and manipulation of cancer forces in vivo; providing a new paradigm for predicting metastatic potential, gauging the efficacy of drug delivery for cancer therapy, and clinically observing therapy progression through imaging.
"Interstitial Fluid Pressure is the Holy Grail of oncology," says Professor Ralph Sinkus, Department of Biomedical Engineering. "Using imaging, we will for the first time be able to measure these forces, opening new avenues for cancer therapy".
King's will lead a consortium of several partners and collaborators across Europe and beyond.