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Sketch	 Vision
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Prophecies	 Jesus
the Christ	 Satan
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by Ellen G. White
Table of Contents Chapters:
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Chapter 34: Discipline
The parent or teacher who trains the child to self-control
will be the most useful and permanently successful.
Illustration — stock.xchng
One of the first lessons a child needs to learn is the lesson of obedience. Before he is old enough to reason, he may be taught to obey. By gentle, persistent effort, the habit should be established. Thus, to a great degree, may be prevented those later conflicts between will and authority that do so much to create alienation and bitterness toward parents and teachers, and too often resistance of all authority, human and divine. {Ed 287.1}
The object of discipline is the training of the child for self-government. He should be taught self-reliance and self-control. Therefore as soon as he is capable of understanding, his reason should be enlisted on the side of obedience. Let all dealing with him be such as to show obedience to be just and reasonable. Help him to see that all things are under law, and that disobedience leads, in the end, to disaster and suffering. When God says "Thou shalt not," He in love warns us of the consequences of disobedience, in order to save us from harm and loss. {Ed 287.2}
Help the child to see that parents and teachers are representatives of God, and that, as they act in harmony with Him, their laws in the home and the school are also His. As the child is to render obedience to parents and [288] teachers, so they, in turn, are to render obedience to God. {Ed 287.3}
To direct the child's development without hindering it by undue control should be the study of both parent and teacher. Too much management is as bad as too little. The effort to "break the will" of a child is a terrible mistake. Minds are constituted differently; while force may secure outward submission, the result with many children is a more determined rebellion of the heart. Even should the parent or teacher succeed in gaining the control he seeks, the outcome may be no less harmful to the child. The discipline of a human being who has reached the years of intelligence should differ from the training of a dumb animal. The beast is taught only submission to its master. For the beast, the master is mind, judgment, and will. This method, sometimes employed in the training of children, makes them little more than automatons. Mind, will, conscience, are under the control of another. It is not God's purpose that any mind should be thus dominated. Those who weaken or destroy individuality assume a responsibility that can result only in evil. While under authority, the children may appear like well-drilled soldiers; but when the control ceases, the character will be found to lack strength and steadfastness. Having never learned to govern himself, the youth recognizes no restraint except the requirement of parents or teacher. This removed, he knows not how to use his liberty, and often gives himself up to indulgence that proves his ruin. {Ed 288.1}
Since the surrender of the will is so much more difficult for some pupils than for others, the teacher should make obedience to his requirements as easy as possible. [289] The will should be guided and molded, but not ignored or crushed. Save the strength of the will; in the battle of life it will be needed. {Ed 288.2}
Every child should understand the true force of the will. He should be led to see how great is the responsibility involved in this gift. The will is the governing power in the nature of man, the power of decision, or choice. Every human being possessed of reason has power to choose the right. In every experience of life, God's word to us is, "Choose you this day whom ye will serve." Joshua 24:15. Everyone may place his will on the side of the will of God, may choose to obey Him, and by thus linking himself with divine agencies, he may stand where nothing can force him to do evil. In every youth, every child, lies the power, by the help of God, to form a character of integrity and to live a life of usefulness. {Ed 289.1}
The parent or teacher who by such instruction trains the child to self-control will be the most useful and permanently successful. To the superficial observer his work may not appear to the best advantage; it may not be valued so highly as that of the one who holds the mind and will of the child under absolute authority; but after years will show the result of the better method of training. {Ed 289.2}
The wise educator, in dealing with his pupils, will seek to encourage confidence and to strengthen the sense of honor. Children and youth are benefited by being trusted. Many, even of the little children, have a high sense of honor; all desire to be treated with confidence and respect, and this is their right. They should not be led to feel that they cannot go out or come in without being watched. Suspicion demoralizes, producing the very evils it seeks [290] to prevent. Instead of watching continually, as if suspecting evil, teachers who are in touch with their pupils will discern the workings of the restless mind, and will set to work influences that will counteract evil. Lead the youth to feel that they are trusted, and there are few who will not seek to prove themselves worthy of the trust. {Ed 289.3}
On the same principle it is better to request than to command; the one thus addressed has opportunity to prove himself loyal to right principles. His obedience is the result of choice rather than compulsion. {Ed 290.1}
The rules governing the schoolroom should, so far as possible, represent the voice of the school. Every principle involved in them should be so placed before the student that he may be convinced of its justice. Thus he will feel a responsibility to see that the rules which he himself has helped to frame are obeyed. {Ed 290.2}
Rules should be few and well considered; and when once made, they should be enforced. Whatever it is found impossible to change, the mind learns to recognize and adapt itself to; but the possibility of indulgence induces desire, hope, and uncertainty, and the results are restlessness, irritably, and insubordination. {Ed 290.3}
It should be made plain that the government of God knows no compromise with evil. Neither in the home nor in the school should disobedience be tolerated. No parent or teacher who has at heart the well-being of those under his care will compromise with the stubborn self-will that defies authority or resorts to subterfuge or evasion in order to escape obedience. It is not love but sentimentalism that palters with wrongdoing, seeks by coaxing or bribes to secure compliance, and finally accepts some substitute in place of the thing required. [291] {Ed 290.4}
"Fools make a mock at sin." Proverbs 14:9. We should beware of treating sin as a light thing. Terrible is its power over the wrongdoer. "His own iniquities shall take the wicked himself, and he shall be holden with the cords of his sins." Proverbs 5:22. The greatest wrong done to a child or youth is to allow him to become fastened in the bondage of evil habit. {Ed 291.1}
The youth have an inborn love of liberty; they desire freedom; and they need to understand that these inestimable blessings are to be enjoyed only in obedience to the law of God. This law is the preserver of true freedom and liberty. It points out and prohibits those things that degrade and enslave, and thus to the obedient it affords protection from the power of evil. {Ed 291.2}
The psalmist says: "I will walk at liberty: for I seek Thy precepts." "Thy testimonies also are my delight and my counselors." Psalm 119:45, 24. {Ed 291.3}
In our efforts to correct evil, we should guard against a tendency to faultfinding or censure. Continual censure bewilders, but does not reform. With many minds, and often those of the finest susceptibility, an atmosphere of unsympathetic criticism is fatal to effort. Flowers do not unfold under the breath of a blighting wind. {Ed 291.4}
A child frequently censured for some special fault, comes to regard that fault as his peculiarity, something against which it is vain to strive. Thus are created discouragement and hopelessness, often concealed under an appearance of indifference or bravado. {Ed 291.5}
The true object of reproof is gained only when the wrongdoer himself is led to see his fault and his will is enlisted for its correction. When this is accomplished, point him to the source of pardon and power. Seek to [292] preserve his self-respect and to inspire him with courage and hope. {Ed 291.6}
This work is the nicest, the most difficult, ever committed to human beings. It requires the most delicate tact, the finest susceptibility, a knowledge of human nature, and a heaven-born faith and patience, willing to work and watch and wait. It is a work than which nothing can be more important. {Ed 292.1}
Those who desire to control others must first control themselves. To deal passionately with a child or youth will only arouse his resentment. When a parent or teacher becomes impatient and is in danger of speaking unwisely, let him remain silent. There is wonderful power in silence. {Ed 292.2}
The teacher must expect to meet perverse dispositions and obdurate hearts. But in dealing with them he should never forget that he himself was once a child, in need of discipline. Even now, with all his advantages of ages, education, and experience, he often errs, and is in need of mercy and forbearance. In training the youth he should consider that he is dealing with those who have inclinations to evil similar to his own. They have almost everything to learn, and it is much more difficult for some to learn than for others. With the dull pupil he should bear patiently, not censuring his ignorance, but improving every opportunity to give him encouragement. With sensitive, nervous pupils he should deal very tenderly. A sense of his own imperfections should lead him constantly to manifest sympathy and forbearance toward those who also are struggling with difficulties. {Ed 292.3}
The Saviour's rule—"As ye would that men should do to you, do ye also to them likewise" (Luke 6:31)—should [293] be the rule of all who undertake the training of children and youth. They are the younger members of the Lord's family, heirs with us of the grace of life. Christ's rule should be sacredly observed toward the dullest, the youngest, the most blundering, and even toward the erring and rebellious. {Ed 292.4}
This rule will lead the teacher to avoid, so far as possible, making public the faults or errors of a pupil. He will seek to avoid giving reproof or punishment in the presence of others. He will not expel a student until every effort has been put forth for his reformation. But when it becomes evident that the student is receiving no benefit himself, while his defiance or disregard of authority tends to overthrow the government of the school, and his influence is contaminating others, then his expulsion becomes a necessity. Yet with many the disgrace of public expulsion would lead to utter recklessness and ruin. In most cases when removal is unavoidable, the matter need not be made public. By counsel and co-operation with the parents, let the teacher privately arrange for the student's withdrawal. {Ed 293.1}
In this time of special danger for the young, temptations surround them on every hand; and while it is easy to drift, the strongest effort is required in order to press against the current. Every school should be a "city of refuge" for the tempted youth, a place where their follies shall be dealt with patiently and wisely. Teachers who understand their responsibilities will separate from their own hearts and lives everything that would prevent them from dealing successfully with the willful and disobedient. Love and tenderness, patience and self-control, will at all times be the law of their speech. Mercy and compassion [294] will be blended with justice. When it is necessary to give reproof, their language will not be exaggerated, but humble. In gentleness they will set before the wrongdoer his errors and help him to recover himself. Every true teacher will feel that should he err at all, it is better to err on the side of mercy than on the side of severity. {Ed 293.2}
Many youth who are thought incorrigible are not at heart so hard as they appear. Many who are regarded as hopeless may be reclaimed by wise discipline. These are often the ones who most readily melt under kindness. Let the teacher gain the confidence of the tempted one, and by recognizing and developing the good in his character, he can, in many cases, correct the evil without calling attention to it. {Ed 294.1}
The divine Teacher bears with the erring through all their perversity. His love does not grow cold; His efforts to win them do not cease. With outstretched arms He waits to welcome again and again the erring, the rebellious, and even the apostate. His heart is touched with the helplessness of the little child subject to rough usage. The cry of human suffering never reaches His ear in vain. Though all are precious in His sight, the rough, sullen, stubborn dispositions draw most heavily upon His sympathy and love; for He traces from cause to effect. The one who is most easily tempted, and is most inclined to err, is the special object of His solicitude. {Ed 294.2}
Every parent and every teacher should cherish the attributes of Him who makes the cause of the afflicted, the suffering, and the tempted His own. He should be one who can have "compassion on the ignorant, and on them that are out of the way; for that he himself also is compassed with infirmity." Hebrews 5:2. Jesus treats us [295] far better than we deserve; and as He has treated us, so we are to treat others. The course of no parent or teacher is justifiable if it is unlike that which under similar circumstances the Saviour would pursue. {Ed 294.3}
Meeting Life's Discipline
Beyond the discipline of the home and the school, all have to meet the stern discipline of life. How to meet this wisely is a lesson that should be made plain to every child and to every youth. It is true that God loves us, that He is working for our happiness, and that, if His law had always been obeyed, we should never have known suffering; and it is no less true that, in this world, as the result of sin, suffering, trouble, burdens, come to every life. We may do the children and the youth a lifelong good by teaching them to meet bravely these troubles and burdens. While we should give them sympathy, let it never be such as to foster self-pity. What they need is that which stimulates and strengthens rather than weakens. {Ed 295.1}
They should be taught that this world is not a parade ground, but a battlefield. All are called to endure hardness, as good soldiers. They are to be strong and quit themselves like men. Let them be taught that the true test of character is found in the willingness to bear burdens, to take the hard place, to do the work that needs to be done, though it bring no earthly recognition or reward. {Ed 295.2}
The true way of dealing with trial is not by seeking to escape it, but by transforming it. This applies to all discipline, the earlier as well as the later. The neglect of the child's earliest training, and the consequent strengthening of wrong tendencies, makes his after education more [296] difficult, and causes discipline to be too often a painful process. Painful it must be to the lower nature, crossing, as it does, the natural desires and inclinations; but the pain may be lost sight of in a higher joy. {Ed 295.3}
Let the child and the youth be taught that every mistake, every fault, every difficulty, conquered, becomes a stepping-stone to better and higher things. It is through such experiences that all who have ever made life worth the living have achieved success.
"The heights by great men reached and kept
Were not attained by sudden flight,
But they, while their companions slept,
Were toiling upward in the night."
"We rise by things that are under our feet;
By what we have mastered of good and gain;
By the pride deposed and the passion slain,
And the vanquished ills that we hourly meet."
"All common things, each day's events,
That with the hour begin and end,
Our pleasures and our discontents,
Are rounds by which we may ascend." {Ed 296.1}
We are to "look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen: for the things which are seen are temporal; but the things which are not seen are eternal." 2 Corinthians 4:18. The exchange we make in the denial of selfish desires and inclinations is an exchange of the worthless and transitory for the precious and enduring. This is not sacrifice, but infinite gain. {Ed 296.2}
"Something better" is the watchword of education, the law of all true living. Whatever Christ asks us to renounce, He offers in its stead something better. Often the youth cherish objects, pursuits, and pleasures that may [297] not appear to be evil, but that fall short of the highest good. They divert the life from its noblest aim. Arbitrary measures or direct denunciation may not avail in leading these youth to relinquish that which they hold dear. Let them be directed to something better than display, ambition, or self-indulgence. Bring them in contact with truer beauty, with loftier principles, and with nobler lives. Lead them to behold the One "altogether lovely." When once the gaze is fixed upon Him, the life finds its center. The enthusiasm, the generous devotion, the passionate ardor, of the youth find here their true object. Duty becomes a delight and sacrifice a pleasure. To honor Christ, to become like Him, to work for Him, is the life's highest ambition and its greatest joy. {Ed 296.3}
"The love of Christ constraineth." 2 Corinthians 5:14. {Ed 297.1}
Click here to read the next chapter: "The School of the Hereafter"
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The History of Cybersecurity | Avast
Many species evolve in parallel, each seeking a competitive edge over the other. As cybersecurity and technology have evolved, so have criminals and 'bad actors' who seek to exploit weaknesses in the system for personal gain – or just to prove a point.
This arms race has been going on since the 1950s, and this article explains the evolution of cyberattacks and security solutions.
1940s: The time before crime
1950s: The phone phreaks
1960s: All quiet on the Western Front
1970s: Computer security is born
1980s: From ARPANET to internet
1990s: The world goes online
2000s: Threats diversify and multiply
2010s: The next generation
For nearly two decades after the creation of the world's first digital computer in 1943, carrying out cyberattacks was tricky. Access to the giant electronic machines was limited to small numbers of people and they weren't networked – only a few people knew how to work them so the threat was almost non-existent.
Interestingly, the theory underlying computer viruses was first made public in 1949 when computer pioneer John von Neumann speculated that computer programs could reproduce.
The technological and subcultural roots of hacking are as much related to early telephones as they are to computers.
In the late 1950s, 'phone phreaking' emerged. The term captures several methods that 'phreaks' – people with a particular interest in the workings of phones – used to hijack the protocols that allowed telecoms engineers to work on the network remotely to make free calls and avoid long-distance tolls. Sadly for the phone companies, there was no way of stopping the phreaks, although the practice eventually died out in the 1980s.
The phreaks had become a community, even issuing newsletters, and included technological trailblazers like Apple's founders Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs. The mold was set for digital technology.
IgorGolovniov / Shutterstock.com
The first-ever reference to malicious hacking was in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's student newspaper.
Even by the mid-1960s, most computers were huge mainframes, locked away in secure temperature-controlled rooms. These machines were very costly, so access – even to programmers – remained limited.
However, there were early forays into hacking by some of those with access, often students. At this stage, the attacks had no commercial or geopolitical benefits. Most hackers were curious mischief-makers or those who sought to improve existing systems by making them work more quickly or efficiently.
In 1967, IBM invited school kids to try out their new computer. After exploring the accessible parts of the system, the students worked to probe deeper, learning the system's language, and gaining access to other parts of the system.
This was a valuable lesson to the company and they acknowledged their gratitude to "a number of high school students for their compulsion to bomb the system", which resulted in the development of defensive measures – and possibly the defensive mindset that would prove essential to developers from then on. Ethical hacking is still practiced today.
As computers started to reduce in size and cost, many large companies invested in technologies to store and manage data and systems. Storing them under lock and key became redundant as more people needed access to them and passwords began to be used.
Roman Belogorodov / Shutterstock.com
Cybersecurity proper began in 1972 with a research project on ARPANET (The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), a precursor to the internet.
ARPANET developed protocols for remote computer networking.
Researcher Bob Thomas created a computer program called Creeper that could move across ARPANET's network, leaving a breadcrumb trail wherever it went. It read: 'I'm the creeper, catch me if you can'. Ray Tomlinson – the inventor of email – wrote the program Reaper, which chased and deleted Creeper. Reaper was not only the very first example of antivirus software, but it was also the first self-replicating program, making it the first-ever computer worm.
An example of the Creeper's taunting message. (Image credit: Core War)
Challenging the vulnerabilities in these emerging technologies became more important as more organizations were starting to use the telephone to create remote networks. Each piece of connected hardware presented a new 'entry point' and needed to be protected.
As reliance on computers increased and networking grew, it became clear to governments that security was essential, and unauthorized access to data and systems could be catastrophic. 1972-1974 witnessed a marked increase in discussions around computer security, mainly by academics in papers.
Creating early computer security was undertaken by ESD and ARPA with the U.S. Air Force and other organizations that worked cooperatively to develop a design for a security kernel for the Honeywell Multics (HIS level 68) computer system. UCLA and the Stanford Research Institute worked on similar projects.
ARPA's Protection Analysis project explored operating system security; identifying, where possible, automatable techniques for detecting vulnerabilities in software.
By the mid-1970s, the concept of cybersecurity was maturing. In 1976 Operating System Structures to
Support Security and Reliable Software stated:
"Security has become an important and challenging goal in the design of computer systems."
In 1979, 16-year-old Kevin Mitnick famously hacked into The Ark – the computer at the Digital Equipment Corporation used for developing operating systems – and made copies of the software. He was arrested and jailed for what would be the first of several cyberattacks he conducted over the next few decades. Today he runs Mitnick Security Consulting.
Gennady Grechishkin / Shutterstock.com
The 1980s brought an increase in high-profile attacks, including those at National CSS, AT&T, and Los Alamos National Laboratory. The movie War Games, in which a rogue computer program takes over nuclear missiles systems under the guise of a game, was released in 1983. This was the same year that the terms Trojan Horse and Computer Virus were first used.
At the time of the Cold War, the threat of cyber espionage evolved. In 1985, The US Department of Defense published the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (aka The Orange Book) that provided guidance on:
Assessing the degree of trust that can be placed in software that processes classified or other sensitive information
What security measures manufacturers needed to build into their commercial products.
Despite this, in 1986, German hacker Marcus Hess used an internet gateway in Berkeley, CA, to piggyback onto the ARPANET. He hacked 400 military computers, including mainframes at the Pentagon, intending to sell information to the KGB.
Security started to be taken more seriously. Savvy users quickly learned to monitor the command.com file size, having noticed that an increase in size was the first sign of potential infection. Cybersecurity measures incorporated this thinking, and a sudden reduction in free operating memory remains a sign of attack to this day.
1987: The birth of cybersecurity
1987 was the birth year of commercial antivirus, although there are competing claims for the innovator of the first antivirus product.
Andreas Lüning and Kai Figge released their first antivirus product for the Atari ST – which also saw the release of Ultimate Virus Killer (UVK)
Three Czechoslovakians created the first version of NOD antivirus
In the U.S., John McAfee founded McAfee (then part of Intel Security), and released VirusScan.
Also in 1987:
One of the earliest documented 'in the wild' virus removals was performed by German Bernd Fix when he neutralized the infamous Vienna virus – an early example of malware that spread and corrupted files.
The encrypted Cascade virus, which infected .COM files, first appeared .A year later, Cascade caused a serious incident in IBM's Belgian office and served as the impetus for IBM's antivirus product development. Before this, any antivirus solutions developed at IBM had been intended for internal use only.
The Cascade virus made text 'fall' to the bottom of the screen
By 1988, many antivirus companies had been established around the world – including Avast, which was founded by Eduard Kučera and Pavel Baudiš in Prague, Czech Republic. Today, Avast has a team of more than 1,700 worldwide and stops around 1.5 billion attacks every month.
Early antivirus software consisted of simple scanners that performed context searches to detect unique virus code sequences. Many of these scanners also included 'immunizers' that modified programs to make viruses think the computer was already infected and not attack them. As the number of viruses increased into the hundreds, immunizers quickly became ineffective.
It was also becoming clear to antivirus companies that they could only react to existing attacks, and a lack of a universal and ubiquitous network (the internet) made updates hard to deploy.
As the world slowly started to take notice of computer viruses, 1988 also witnessed the first electronic forum devoted to antivirus security – Virus-L – on the Usenet network. The decade also saw the birth of the antivirus press: UK-based Sophos-sponsored Virus Bulletin and Dr. Solomon's Virus Fax International.
The decade closed with more additions to the cybersecurity market, including F-Prot, ThunderBYTE, and Norman Virus Control. In 1989, IBM finally commercialized their internal antivirus project and IBM Virscan for MS-DOS went on sale for $35.
Further reading: For more nostalgia, check out our guide to the best hardware of the 1980s.
1990 was quite a year:
The first polymorphic viruses were created (code that mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact to avoid detection)
British computer magazine PC Today released an edition with a free disc that 'accidentally' contained the DiskKiller virus, infecting tens of thousands of computers
EICAR (European Institute for Computer Antivirus Research) was established
Early antivirus was purely signature-based, comparing binaries on a system with a database of virus 'signatures'. This meant that early antivirus produced many false positives and used a lot of computational power – which frustrated users as productivity slowed.
As more antivirus scanners hit the market, cybercriminals were responding and in 1992 the first anti-antivirus program appeared.
By 1996, many viruses used new techniques and innovative methods, including stealth capability, polymorphism, and 'macro viruses', posing a new set of challenges for antivirus vendors who had to develop new detection and removal capabilities.
New virus and malware numbers exploded in the 1990s, from tens of thousands early in the decade growing to 5 million every year by 2007. By the mid-'90s, it was clear that cybersecurity had to be mass-produced to protect the public. One NASA researcher developed the first firewall program, modeling it on the physical structures that prevent the spread of actual fires in buildings.
The late 1990s were also marked by conflict and friction between antivirus developers:
McAfee accused Dr. Solomon's of cheating so that testing of uninfected discs showed good speed results and the scan tests of virus collections showed good detection results. Dr. Solomon's filed suit in response
Taiwanese developer Trend Micro accused McAfee and Symantec of violating its patent on virus scan-checking technology via the internet and electronic mail. Symantec then accused McAfee of using code from Symantec's Norton AntiVirus.
Heuristic detection also emerged as a new method to tackle the huge number of virus variants. Antivirus scanners started to use generic signatures – often containing non-contiguous code and using wildcard characters – to detect viruses even if the threat had been 'hidden' inside meaningless code.
Email: a blessing and a curse
Towards the end of the 1990s, email was proliferating and while it promised to revolutionize communication, it also opened up a new entry point for viruses.
In 1999, the Melissa virus was unleashed. It entered the user's computer via a Word document and then emailed copies of itself to the first 50 email addresses in Microsoft Outlook. It remains one of the fastest spreading viruses and the damage cost around $80 million to fix.
With the internet available in more homes and offices across the globe, cybercriminals had more devices and software vulnerabilities to exploit than ever before. And, as more and more data was being kept digitally, there was more to plunder.
In 2001, a new infection technique appeared: users no longer needed to download files – visiting an infected website was enough as bad actors replaced clean pages with infected ones or 'hid' malware on legitimate webpages. Instant messaging services also began to get attacked, and worms designed to propagate via IRC (Internet Chat Relay) channel also arrived.
The development of zero-day attacks, which make use of 'holes' in security measures for new software and applications, meant that antivirus was becoming less effective – you can't check code against existing attack signatures unless the virus already exists in the database. Computer magazine c't found that detection rates for zero-day threats had dropped from 40-50% in 2006 to only 20-30% in 2007.
As crime organizations started to heavily fund professional cyberattacks, the good guys were hot on their trail:
2000: the first open-source antivirus engine OpenAntivirus Project is made available
2001: ClamAV is launched, the first-ever open-source antivirus engine to be commercialized
2001: Avast launches free antivirus software, offering a fully-featured security solution to the masses. The initiative grew the Avast user base to more than 20 million in five years.
A key challenge of antivirus is that it can often slow a computer's performance. One solution to this was to move the software off the computer and into the cloud. In 2007, Panda Security combined cloud technology with threat intelligence in their antivirus product – an industry-first. McAfee Labs followed suit in 2008, adding cloud-based anti-malware functionality to VirusScan. The following year, the Anti-Malware Testing Standards Organization (AMTSO) was created and started working shortly after on a method of testing cloud products.
Another innovation this decade was OS security – cybersecurity that's built into the operating system, providing an additional layer of protection. This often includes performing regular OS patch updates, installation of updated antivirus engines and software, firewalls, and secure accounts with user management.
With the proliferation of smartphones, antivirus was also developed for Android and Windows mobile.
The 2010s saw many high-profile breaches and attacks starting to impact the national security of countries and cost businesses millions.
2012: Saudi hacker 0XOMAR publishes the details of more than 400,000 credit cards online
2013: Former CIA employee for the US Government Edward Snowden copied and leaked classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA)
2013-2014: Malicious hackers broke into Yahoo, compromising the accounts and personal information of its 3 billion users. Yahoo was subsequently fined $35 million for failing to disclose the news
2017: WannaCry ransomware infects 230,000 computers in one day
2019: Multiple DDoS attacks forced New Zealand's stock market to temporarily shut down
The increasing connectedness and the ongoing digitization of many aspects of life continued to offer cybercriminals new opportunities to exploit. Cybersecurity tailored specifically to the needs of businesses became more prominent and in 2011, Avast launched its first business product.
As cybersecurity developed to tackle the expanding range of attack types, criminals responded with their own innovations: multi-vector attacks and social engineering. Attackers were becoming smarter and antivirus was forced to shift away from signature-based methods of detection to 'next generation' innovations.
Next-gen cybersecurity uses different approaches to increase detection of new and unprecedented threats, while also reducing the number of false positives. It typically involves:
Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
Network Behavioural Analysis (NBA) – identifying malicious files based on behavioral deviations or anomalies
Threat intelligence and update automation
Real-time protection – also referred to as on-access scanning, background guard, resident shield and auto-protect
Sandboxing – creating an isolated test environment where you can execute a suspicious file or URL
Forensics – replaying attacks to help security teams better mitigate future breaches
Back-up and mirroring
Web application firewalls (WAF) – protecting against cross-site forgery, cross-site-scripting (XSS), file inclusion, and SQL injection.
Who knows what the next decade will bring? Whatever happens, Avast Business will be there to provide advanced protection for organizations and offer peace of mind for business leaders and IT professionals. Learn more about our range of solutions and find which one is best suited for your business using our Help Me Choose tool.
Source: Paper.li
If Microsoft Can Be Hacked, What About Your Company? How AI Is Transforming Cybersecurity
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Q: Select rows where the date is a weekday Is it possible in SQLite to select rows only if a datetime column is a weekday? Something like:
SELECT * FROM data WHERE datetime IS_A_WEEKDAY

A: See this question that was already asked:
sqlite return as day of week

A: Using the info in sqlite return as day of week this is how I solved it:
SELECT ..., CAST(strftime('%w', date_column) AS integer) AS dow FROM data WHERE dow >= 1 and dow <= 5;

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The ServiceNow Project Manager will responsible and accountable for successful completion of projects for both internal and external customers across our growing ServiceNow practice.
The Project Manager will be a highly motivated and business aware individual, able to work effectively with their project teams, their management, with other stakeholders in SCC and with the end customer. This must include effective communication, desire to develop relationships and hence increase sales. The Project Manager is expected to understand project finances and will be responsible for their projects' profitability.
• Manage changes to cost, time, scope and quality in a controlled way, including working with SCC account management where such changes impact project budget.
• Management of multi-disciplined project team with matrix reports.
• Maintain separation of Change and BAU and promote these concepts with stakeholders.
• Support the pre-sales team where required.
• Effective use of Management Products including PIDs, Plans, RAID & Communication models to shape delivery such the cost, time, scope and quality are planned to a baseline, and delivery follows the plan.
• Effective risk management (to anticipate issues) via identify, assess, plan, implement and monitor.
• Effective Issue management and escalation where necessary. Escalating promptly any issues that may in future have an impact on SCC or the future relationship with the customers.
• Maintain customer and SCC internal weekly reporting methods such that project status and progress is accurate and understood at all levels.
• Continued Business Justification via End stage gate reviews, acceptance procedures and project board and customer approvals.
• Effective management of Stakeholders including other key SCC service providers and 3rd party organisations.
• Delivery of ServiceNow or ITSM based projects.
• Organised and structured approach to project documentation and project data.
• Experience of working in a consultancy business model or similar where time is billed to clients.
• Experience of ITIL, Acceptance into Service processes.


This article was originally written for Fresh U by Re'Nyqua Farrington It has been given minor edits before re-posting.
We are already more than halfway through the calendar year. For many students, that means school is quickly approaching. For me, it means revisiting old goals and making new resolutions. At the top of my mid-year resolutions list is supporting more black-owned businesses, and as I did my research, I learned that there are college students taking #blackexcellence to the next level. Here are six black-owned businesses started by college students.
Black-owned, woman-owned and simply chic, Ataria NYC began as a t-shirt company called Emoji Express before evolving into a full fashion line. Chinasa Nwokocha, the founder, CEO and president of Ataria NYC, proves that a student's career can begin before graduation day. She founded the company while studying at university. What makes this brand unique are the African influences. However, the company strives to "bridg[e] the gap between African, American, Asian and European clothing styles."
Now, Nwokocha holds a degree from Villanova University and an apparel company that has a new collection set to release this fall. Visit the website to check out these fun prints and follow the company on Facebook for updates.
Bahi Cosmetics is not only black-owned, it is also black-inspired. According to the company website and founder Danielle Bahi, "We at Bahi were tired of seeing women of color placed in a single category by so many brands."
"Bahi's goal is to create a new standard for the cosmetics industry. We want natural ingredients that work for all women to become the norm, in order to provide high-end products at a reasonable cost."
Bahi Cosmetics ships worldwide from their website. The company also has a Twitter and Instagram presence, which makes it easy to follow upcoming makeup events and customer reviews.
Thuriere's leisurely activity of stringing beads into bracelets became Enbois (pronouced en-bwa), which means "wooden" in French. The company began in South Florida and to this day designs and creates products out of South Florida. The wooden jewelry company also leads efforts to reverse the effects of deforestation in Haiti and encourages eco-friendly habits. In fact, for every Enbois purchase, a tree is planted in Haiti. This is the perfect environmentally-conscious, black-owned business for accessorizing.
One fabulous feature about Young's product is its versatility. Kyra's Shea Medleys doubles as a natural hair and skincare product. It is also delicate on sensitive skin, cruelty-free, vegan, plant-based and contains 100 percent organic and natural ingredients. As if all these features were not spectacular already, Kyra's Shea Medleys prioritizes philanthropy and gives to charity for every purchase. The website puts it best: "Every purchase is a purpose."
Find Kyra's Shea Medleys all over the web on their website, Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, Pinterest and Instagram. Kyra's Shea Medleys is sold at Target and there is a store locator to help track down local spots for this natural hair and skincare product.
The company website reads, "Community. Quality. Affordability," and I can not think of three better words to describe Vita shoes. The shoe company was founded by Daniel Abaraoha, an avid shoe lover who did not always have the funds for expensive sneakers. Abaraoha tapped into that feeling of discontent and created Vita shoes as an affordable option for stylish, quality shoes. This Cornell student has yet to graduate college but is already making a lasting contribution in his immediate community and beyond. Follow Daniel Abaraoha on Instagram, as he's a self-described "aspiring insprirer." Also find Vita shoes on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram.
It is certainly possible to support black-owned businesses from head-to-toe — everything from Kyra's Shea Medleys hair care products to Daniel's Vita Shoes. There are also the fun products in-between; Chinasa's stylish African-inspired apparel, Maxim's environmentally-conscious jewelry and Chris' scholarship finder. Oh, and these companies were all founded by college students, so support the dream and let it inspire yours too.


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In this work, a new family of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) based esters have been synthesized that consists eight ester functional groups. These are classified into Type-I and Type-II esters based on the starting materials, octakis(3-chloropropyl)silsesquioxane (Cl-POSS) and octakis(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy) octasilsesquioxane (OHPS) respectively. These new POSS type ester moieties can be used as insulating oils and oil additives in the transformers and also considered to be alternatives to mineral and vegetable oils that are presently used in the insulation system.
A majority of power transformers that work at all ranges of voltage and power are oil power transformers, also called as dry transformers, which transfers energy from one circuit to another without any direct electrical connection. 1 Insulation plays a major role in condition assessment and environmental risks connected with the transformer in service, where mineral oil is the most important component to be taken into consideration. Mineral oil is suitable for risk of electric shock, noise and vibration as well as energy and power losses. However, the increasing effects of these oils on environment seem to be hazardous day by day because of their poor degradability and high carcinogenic properties. 2 In addition, they contaminate soil as well as sea waters when spilled out from the transformer and pose great difficulties in recovery and degradation. Mineral oils are estimated to face serious shortages by the mid-twenty-first century. Therefore, efforts towards the research to develop fully biodegradable insulating fluids were started in mid 1990s.
Natural esters and synthetic esters are considered the most likely candidate for a fully biodegradable insulating fluid. Natural esters, are the vegetable oils obtained from natural resources like canola, soya bean, corn, peanut, sunflower and olive, which are categorized as saturated and single, double and triple unsaturated fatty acid. 3-5 Though, natural esters have many advantages over mineral oils which include higher biodegradability, high flash point etc ., triple unsaturated fatty acids have lower viscosities and very unstable in oxidation. Synthetic esters are the oils from fatty acids and polyols that are environmentally benign alternatives for mineral oil based lubricants. These organic esters represent the largest single segment of the synthetic lube market which are designed for specific applications that include maximize stability, lower volatility, maintain low pour points and provide good additive compatibility. The carbon acid esters such as pentaerythrite tetra fatty acid ester 1 ( Figure 1 ) are used in transformers, which were synthesized from polyols by using catalysts such as sulfuric acid, p -toluenesulfonic acid, Sn, Zr, Ti, alcolates, carboxylates and chelates. 6 These processes need continuous monitoring and improvement in the quality of oils, because some of them cause significant acidity and also give dark colored products. Thus, a simple method for the efficient synthesis of ester based oils has always been in demand. Thus, synthetic esters gained much importance and are also promising to attain specific fluid properties that come from application oriented design.
The chemical structures of (a) pentaerythritol ester and (b) POSS esters.
On the other hand, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) skeletons are biodegradable nanostructures with an empirical formula RSiO 1.5 , which consists of a rigid and cubic silica core with 0.53 nm side length surrounded by eight organic corner groups, where R may be a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, alkylene, acrylate, epoxide or hydroxyl group. 7,8 The use of POSS in polymer based nano composites is a promising issue for the design of materials with high-performance in several applications such as low-dielectric applications, 9 flame resistant, 10,11 oxidation resistant, 12 surface hardening, 13 photoluminescent, 14 improved thermal and mechanical stability 15-17 and also medical uses. 18-22 Functionalized POSS play an important role in building molecular nano-composites. Our interest on the biodegradable lubricants encouraged us towards the synthesis of various biodegradable insulating oils from POSS based materials due to their properties mentioned above. Aliphatic ester moieties when attached to POSS expected to show good lubricant properties. Thus, we here in report the design and synthesis of new type of POSS based inorganic/organic hybrid insulating oils 2 and 3 ( Figure 1 ) from POSS based chlorides and alcohols using two different and convenient reaction conditions.
Instrumentation. Thermo gravimetric and thermal differential analyses (TG-DTA) of POSS oil samples were performed by a simultaneous SDT Q200 (USA) analyzer at a heating rate of 10 ℃ min −1 under nitrogen gas flow. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance-400 spectrometer.
Octakis(3-chloropropyl)silsesquioxane (5): Cl-POSS was synthesized by following published procedures. 23,24 A solution of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CLS) (39.7 g, 0.2 mol) was added to a solution of dry methanol. To this mixture was added concentrated HCl (45 mL), and the reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for 2 days. During which a catalytic amount of PtCl 4 was added to this solution and was heated to 50 ℃. A crystalline precipitate formed after a day, which was washed with deionized water to afford 13.1 g of Cl-POSS in 40% yield. mp 207 ℃. 1 H NMR (CDCl 3 , 400 MHz) δ 3.85-3.42 (m, 16H), 2.19-1.72 (m, 16H), 1.01-0.67 (m, 16H). 29 Si NMR (CDCl 3 , 79.4 MHz) δ −67.1. 13 C-NMR (CDC1 3 , 100 MHz) δ 9.08, 26.01, 46.87; IR(KBr): v max 2955, 2940, 2876, 1410, 1273, 1115, 536, 478 cm −1 .
General Procedure for Type-I POSS-Esters. To a solution of alkylcarboxylic acid (2.31 mmol), in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added KOH (2.31 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature to completion of the reaction (~0.5 h) as indicated by TLC, then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure gave white solid. To this was added dry DMF (5 mL), Cl- POSS (300 mg, 0.28 mmol) and cat KI (5 mol %) at RT. The reaction temperature was allowed to warm at 100 ℃ and continued until CH2 -Cl peak disappeared totally in the 1 H NMR spectra of samples taken from the reaction. Then temperature was slowly brought to room temperature, diethyl ether (10 mL) was added, washed with water (2 × 10 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated gave the pure products.
Octakis(3-(butanoyloxy)propyl)octasilsesquioxane (2A): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.06-4.0 (m, 16 H), 2.32-2.26 (m, 16 H), 1.76-1.56 (m, 32 H), 0.95 (t, J = 7.32 Hz, 24 H), 0.70-0.59 (m, 16H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 173.5, 68.83, 36.14, 22.15, 18.56, 13.65, 8.70; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ −69.3. FTIR (neat): v max 2666, 1736, 1458, 1260, 1171, 1127, 762 cm −1 .
Octakis(3-(pentenoyloxy)propyl)octasilsesquioxane (2B): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 5.90-5.75 (m, 8 H), 5.10-4.96 (m, 16 H), 4.11-3.98 (m, 16 H), 2.48-2.30 (m, 32 H), 1.80- 1.56 (m, 16 H), 0.74-0.55 (m, 16 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 172.81, 136.66, 115.46, 66.06, 33.62, 28.85, 22.27, 8.08; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ −69.1. FTIR (neat): v max 3082, 2925, 1736, 1643, 1446, 1272, 1127, 750 cm −1 .
Octakis(3-(heptenoyloxy)propyl)octasilsesquioxane (2C): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.06-.98 (m, 16 H), 2.33-2.27 (m, 16 H), 1.76-1.55 (m, 32 H), 1.36-1.26 (m, 48 H), 0.92- 0.84 (m, 24 H), 0.70-0.50 (m, 16 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 75 MHz) δ 173.67, 65.94, 34.34, 31.53, 28.89, 24.98, 22.54, 22.40, 13.98, 8.67; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ −69.3. FTIR (neat): v max 2925, 1730, 1463, 1272, 1196, 1121, 750 cm −1 .
Octakis(3-(octanoyloxy)propyl)octasilsesquioxane (2D): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.09-3.97 (m, 16 H), 2.30-2 (t, J = 7.32 Hz, 16 H), 1.67-1.56 (m, 32 H), 1.37-1.19 (m, 64 H), 0.88 (t, J = 7.32 Hz, 24 H), 0.72-0.59 (m, 16 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 173.70, 65.94, 34.31, 31.72, 29.22, 28.98, 25.03, 22.62, 22.40, 14.05, 8.65; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ −69.3. FTIR (neat): v max 2925, 1736, 1469, 1272, 1191, 1116, 750 cm −1 .
Octakis(3-(2-methylheptanoyloxy)propyl)octasilsesquioxane (2E): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.09-4.0 (m, 16 H), 2.47-2.38 (m, 8 H), 1.77-1.61 (m, 24 H), 1.48-1.25 (m, 56 H), 1.22-1.14 (m, 24 H), 0.93-0.87 (m, 24 H), 0.72-0.62 (m, 16 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 176.70, 65.84, 39.58, 33.74, 31.77, 26.92, 22.53, 22.44, 17.12, 14.03, 8.7; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ −69.4. FTIR (neat): v max 2931, 1725, 1463, 1272, 1202, 1121, 750 cm −1 .
Octakis(3-(hexadecanoyloxy)propyl)octasilsesquioxane (2F): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.06-3.95 (m, 16 H), 2.33-2.20 (m, 16 H), 1.75-1.51 (m, 32 H), 1.36-1.19 (m, 192 H), 0.88 (t, J = 6.56 Hz, 24 H), 0.69-0.56 (m, 16H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 173.68, 65.93, 34.31, 34.16, 31.97, 29.75, 29.42, 25.07, 22.70, 22.40, 14.08, 8.63; FTIR (KBr): v max 2914, 1736, 1463, 1394, 1289, 1196, 1227, 721 cm −1 .
Octaanion Solution, [Me4N+]8[SiO2.5 –]8 (8): 25 To a 250 mL round bottom flask with a magnetic stir bar, were added tetramethylammonium hydroxide (54.9 mL, 0.52 mol, 25 wt % in MeOH), methanol (26.66 mL, 0.66 mol), and distilled water (20.1 mL, 1.1 mol). The flask was cooled in an ice bath, and the system was maintained under nitrogen. To this mixture, it was then added tetraethoxysilane (29.36 mL, 0.66 mol) via an addition funnel. The solution turned cloudy and allowed to stir at room temperature overnight to obtain a clear solution to obtain tetramethylammonium octaanion [Me 4 N + ] 8 [SiO 2.5 – ] 8 quantitatively. This solution was characterized by 29 Si NMR to realize a peak at δ −99.4 ppm.
Octa[hydridodimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane, [HMe2SiOSiO1.5]8 or Q8M8 H (9): 25 To a 250 mL round bottom flask with a magnetic stirrer, were added hexane (100 mL) and dimethylchlorosilane (14.3 mL, 0.33 mol) under nitrogen. The flask was placed in an ice bath and 40 mL of octaanion solution was then added via an addition funnel for an hour. The final mixture was stirred continuously for another 4 h. The two layers were separated with a separator funnel. The hexane layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, gravity filtered and the solvent removed by rotary evaporation to yield a white powder. This powder was rinsed with methanol and collected by vacuum filtration. The product was dried in a vacuum at 70 ℃ for 5 h to obtain 3.5 g white powder in 70% yield. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.73 (m, 8H) 0.25 (d, 48H). 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 0.06. 29 Si (CDCl 3 , 79.5 MHz) δ −2.9, −108.7. FTIR (KBr): ν max 2966, 2144, 1258, 1096 cm −1 .
Octakis(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octasilsesquioxane (OHPS, 10): 26 Q 8 M 8 H (5.00 g, 4.91 mmol) was taken in a 100 mL round bottom flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a magnetic stir bar. It was dissolved in toluene (25 mL) and was added allyl alcohol (3.34 mL, 49.1 mmol). The reaction flask was evacuated and refilled with N 2 three times. Pt(dvs) (2 mM solution, 1.2 mL) was added via a syringe. The reaction began to reflux immediately due to the exothermic hydrosilylation and was complete in 30 min. After the formation of two layers, triphenylphosphine (10 mg) was added to deactivate the Pt(dvs) catalyst, and the mixture was stirred for 1 h. The bottom layer containing the product, OHPS, was separated and the residual allyl alcohol and toluene were removed under vacuum. mp 84 ℃. 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 3.76 (s, 8H, OH), 3.54 (t, 16H), 1.59 (p, 16H), 0.58 (t, 16H), 0.13 (s, 48H). 13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 65.2, 26.3, 13.6, −0.2. 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 13.9, −108.4. FTIR (KBr): ν max 3339, 2959, 2931, 2875, 1258, 1173, 1082 cm −1 .
General Procedure for Type-II POSS-Esters. To a mixture of Et 3 N (2.23 mmol) and octakis(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy) octasilsesquioxane (300 mg, 0.20 mmol) in CH 2 Cl 2 (10 mL) was added acid chloride (1.60 mmol) at 0 ℃ under N 2 . The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 h at room temperature and then poured into H 2 O (10 mL). The organic layer was separated, washed with 1 M HCl (10 mL), aq. NaCl (10 mL), dried over Na 2 SO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the organic solvent yielded Type-II POSS-esters.
Octakis[(3-(pentanoyloxy)propyl)dimethylsiloxy]octa silsesquioxane (3A): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.02 (t, J = 7.07, 16 H), 2.29 (t, J = 7.32, 16 H), 1.70-1.55 (m, 32 H), 1.44-1.29 (m, 16 H), 0.96-0.88 (m, 24 H), 0.64-0.57 (m, 16 H), 0.16 (s, 48 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 174.21, 66.92, 34.38, 27.47, 26.67, 22.80, 22.71, 14.08, 0.41; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 14.1, −107.6. FTIR (neat): v max 2960, 1736, 1463, 1249, 1173, 1092, 750 cm −1 .
Octakis[(3-(hexanoyloxy)propyl)dimethylsiloxy]octa silsesquioxane (3B): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.02 (t, J = 7.07, 16 H), 2.28 (t, J = 7.57, 16 H), 1.74-1.57 (m, 32 H), 1.39-1.26 (m, 32 H), 0.94-0.85 (m, 24 H), 0.63-0.57 (m, 16 H), 0.15 (s, 48 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 174.10, 66.80, 34.19, 31.94, 25.05, 22.80, 22.72, 14.29, 14.11, 0.40; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 14.1, −107.6. FTIR (neat): v max 2960, 1736, 1463, 1260, 1173, 1092, 842 cm −1 .
Octakis[(3-cyclohexanecarbonyloxy)propyl)dimethyl siloxy]octasilsesquioxane (3C): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.02 (t, J = 7.07, 16 H), 2.33-2.23 (m, 8 H), 1.95-1.15 (m, 96 H), 0.64-0.54 (m, 16 H), 0.15 (s, 48 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 176.31, 66.70, 43.55, 29.48, 26.23, 25.90, 22.76, 14.01, 0.37; 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 14.4, −107.9. FTIR (neat): v max 2954, 1736, 1458, 1260, 1173, 1092, 750 cm −1 .
Octakis[(3-(octanoyloxy)propyl)dimethylsiloxy]octa silsesquioxane (3D): 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 4.02 (t, J = 7.07, 16 H), 2.29 (t, J = 7.32, 16 H), 1.73-1.55 (m, 32 H), 1.36-1.20 (m, 64 H), 0.88 (t, J = 6.82, 24 H), 0.66-0.55 (m, 16 H), 0.15 (s, 48 H); 13 C NMR (CDCl 3 , 100 MHz) δ 173.82, 68.03, 33.90, 31.75, 28.04, 25.17, 22.76, 20.21, 14.98, 14.18, 0.45. 29 Si NMR (79.5 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 14.1, −107.6. FTIR (neat): v max 2931, 1742, 1463, 1260, 1168, 1092, 744 cm −1 .
Synthesis of POSS-Type-I esters has been presented in Scheme 1 . Octakis(3-chloropropyl)octasilsesquioxane (Cl- POSS, 5 ) was synthesized from commercially available 3- chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CLS, 4 ) which upon condensation under acidic conditions using concentrated HCl and catalytic amount of PtCl 4 in dry methanol. The POSS-Cl dried under vacuum for 24 h at 100 ℃ to obtain crystalline precipitate in moderate yields. 23,24 This was then treated with various potassium salts of carboxylic acids in presence of catalytic amount potassium iodide in dry DMF at 100 ℃ gave the type-I POSS esters 2 as a odorless, clear viscous oils ( Scheme 1 ) except 2F which is a light yellow solid, in good yields ( Table 1 ).
Preparation of POSS type-I esters 2 (A-F). Reagents and conditions: (a) HCl, MeOH, 25 ℃; (b) RCOO−K+ (6), Cat. KI (5 mol %), DMF, 100 ℃.
aAll products were characterized by 1H, 13C-NMR and FT-IR. bIsolated yields.
To prepare type-II POSS esters, octakis(3-hydroxypropyl-dimethylsiloxy) octasilsesquioxane (OHPS, 10 ) was used in esterification with various carboxylic acids ( Scheme 2 ). In this purpose, OHPS was prepared from commercially available tetraethoxysilane (TEOS, 7 ) in three steps. The TEOS, upon reaction with tetramethylammoniumhydroxide and distilled water in methanol stirred at room temperature for 1 day gave octaanion solution of [Me 4 N + ] 8 [SiO 2.5 ] 8 ( 8 ) in quantitative yield using Hasegawa's procedure. 25 The solution of octaanion 8 was treated with dimethylchlorosilane in hexane to give octa[hydridodimethylsiloxy] octasilsesquioxane ([HMe 2 SiOSiO 1.5 ] 8 , ( 9 ) as white powder after rinsed with methanol. Octakis(3-hydroxypropyldimethylsiloxy)octa silsesquioxane (OHPS, 10 ) was prepared by direct hydrosilylation of allyl alcohol with 9 using platinum-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane [Pt(dvs)] as catalyst. 26 Then, OHPS was subjected to esterification with various acid chlorides in presence of Et 3 N as base in methylene chloride to give POSS type-II esters 3 ( A-D ) in good yields ( Scheme 2 ).
Preparation of POSS type-II esters. Reagents and conditions: (a) N(CH3)4OH, MeOH, H2O. (b) HSiMe2Cl, hexane, 0 ℃-rt, 4 h, 70%; (c) allyl alcohol, Pt(dvs), dry toluene, 1 h, 60%; (d) RCOCl (11), triethyl amine, CH2Cl2.
After successful synthesis of two types of POSS esters, we have studied Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) for three compounds to investigate thermal characteristics of these classes. The thermal decomposition of POSS-esters was conducted by TGA under nitrogen atmosphere for 25-1000 ℃. The graphical representation of weight loss to temperature has been shown in Figure 2 . The TGA spectra show that all POSS-Esters are stable below 350 ℃ and decompose after 450 ℃. Further, it can be seen that type-II esters are more thermally stable when compared to type-I. However, these ester compounds (type-I & II) possess promising environmentally friendly oil characteristics that come from POSS skeleton even at elevated temperatures, so that they can be used in transformer insulation system and expected to serve as additives to some insulation oils.
TGA spectra of compounds 2E, 2F and 3B.
Novel Hybrid polyoctahedral silsesquioxane (POSS)-based type-I and type-II esters have been synthesized as alternatives to mineral and vegetable oils. These substances are prepared from Cl-POSS, OHPS and respective carboxylic acids. These POSS esters are environmentally friendly. All the compounds were completely characterized by 1 H & 13 C NMR and FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. Thermal decompositions of three new compounds were discussed using TGA as a preliminary investigation on their thermal properties.
This work was supported by the grants from Ministry of Environment (KME, 412-111-008), National Research Foundation (NRF-2009-0094063) and Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE, R0000495), South Korea.
AU - Harshavardhan, S. J.
 KM Choi , SJ Harshavardhan , C Sridhar , BVD Vijaykumar , D Kumar , K Jang , MS Lee , and DS Shin , "Synthesis of POSS Derived Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Esters for Insulating Oil Applications", Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, vol. 9, no. 9, Sep 2014.


This handcrafted leather bracer has been made using high quality veg tanned leather. It measures 20cm across at the top (closest to elbow) and 13 cm across at the bottom (closest to wrist).
This bracer can be worn be either Left or Right handed archers.
It has been hand stamped with five individual nature themed stamps at the four points of the compass and one central stamp. The stamps are a Flying Eagle, a Walking Bear, a Stag's Head, a Mountain Scene and Three Leaves in the centre. A border stamp has been used to connect the stamps and finish off the design nicely.
The whole bracer has been dyed with multiple coats of a Briar Brown leather stain to give an Antique finish whilst enhancing the cuts in the leather for great contrast. It has been finished with a coat of Resolene to give it a nice weatherproof finish and a beautiful mellow sheen.
The bracer fastens with White elestic cord around old brass lace hooks, making for a quick and easy set up before shooting. The elastic lace can be adjusted to suit length by untying the knot and shortening/lengthening as needed. As the lace has some stretch and nice tight fit can be easily achieved. Brass eyelets have been used for ease of adjustment and to protet the leather holes as well as giving a nice visual effect.
Any of the designs or colours on our standard bracer designs can be interchanged for your own unique, custom bracer. Please email us at eaglearchery@hotmail.co.uk with any questions and we can usually have your bracer made and shipped within a week.
Other custom designs available, please check other bracer designs and email for lead time etc.


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Amazon PrimeMoviesReviews
The Witches review: Darkly entertaining family horror
Anne Hathaway is a delight in this entertaining but uneven adaptation of Roald Dahl's dark tale.
James R | On 28, Oct 2020
Director: Robert Zemeckis
Cast: Anne Hathaway, Octavia Spencer, Stanley Tucci, Jahzir Bruno, Code-Lei Eastick
Certificate: PG
Roald Dahl is having something of a moment. More than a decade since Wes Anderson boldly reimagined Fantastic Mr Fox for the big screen, and four years after Steven Spielberg's The BFG, the beloved children's author is about to see his work get the cinematic universe treatment, with a host of Netflix projects in the worlds, including two from Taika Waititi. It's interesting, then, that when Robert Zemeckis' The Witches was announced, the outcry from fans had little to do with the novel, and more to do with Nicolas Roeg's 1990 adaptation, starring Angelica Huston.
Zemeckis' take on the book, which sticks closely to the text, does manage to forge its own form of success – not because the Polar Express director is trying to live up to Roeg, but because he understands what's behind Dahl's timeless appeal: his deceptively dark streak, which makes his books almost seem more suitable for adults than children. (This has a PG certificate, but that's presuming your kids don't freak out easily.)
And so we join Charlie (a charismatic Jahzir Bruno), an orphan raised by his grandma (Octavia Spencer) and whisked away to a seaside hotel when she suspects a witch is in the area. Unfortunately, that same hotel is also where a coven of witches are descending to plan the mass eradication of children in the area – all under the guise of a gala for a charity dedicated preventing cruelty to children. Their secret weapon? A powerful potion that will turn them to mice within 30 minutes – or even faster, given the right dosage.
Within 30 minutes, Charlie himself has been turned into a little squeaker, and that decision to let our hero be caught remains shocking, even when you know it's coming. Charlie is accompanied by Bruno (Code-Lei Eastick), another unfortunate child victim) and, joined by Charlie's pet mouse, they set about trying to put things right.
No spooky kids' tale would be complete without a memorable villain, and Zemeckis' film benefits hugely from Anne Hathaway, who is having the time of her life as the Grand High Witch – who she plays with an accent that's part-Scottish, part-German and all manner of fun. Given a CGI-ed jaw that opens disturbingly wide, she doesn't hesitate to use it to chew the scenery, while remaining genuinely unsettling. She's not as understated and chilling as Huston, but she doesn't have to be – this is a cartoonishly grotesque tale and she's in tune with that groove from the off.
But the Grand High Witch and Charlie's spellbinding showdown never gets topped by the rest of the film, as it scurries into hyperactive mode – leaving little time for tension and excitement. It doesn't help that the script, by Kenya Barris, Zemeckis and Guillermo del Toro, leaves portly sidekick Bruno as a lazy one-joke character – and that cheesy narration from Chris Rock, which tries to frame the downbeat conclusion is a more positive light, repeatedly undermines any the visual spectacle Zemeckis has assembled. Octavia Spencer, though, is the movie's saving grace, bringing a wit and heart to every second she's on screen.
The result is an uneven but entertaining family horror film, one that isn't afraid to conjure up nightmarish moments but never quite gets its potion recipe right. Amid it all, Stanley Tucci is under-used as a hotel manager trying to keep a handle on the chaos. You reach the end credits knowing how he feels.
Where to watch online in the UK:
Anne Hathaway Code-Lei Eastick Comedies Entertaining Halloween horror Jahzir Bruno Octavia Spencer PG Certificate Robert Zemeckis Stanley Tucci The Witches
NextUp to stream Chortle Comedy Book Festival
What's coming soon to Shudder UK in November 2020?
VOD film review: Scream 2 January 11, 2022 | James R
VOD film review: Attack of the Lederhosen Zombies... November 7, 2016 | Anton Bitel
Why you should be watching Taskmaster September 29, 2022 | James R
VOD film review: You Are Not My Mother April 9, 2022 | James R


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Hello, I'm Aamir Ali Bangash
Tech Lead
A little about myself, and the services I provide.
Tech Lead & Motion Graphics Designer
I believe in beautiful design, attention to detail, interaction, experimentation, collaboration and exploration.
I deliver intelligent products, engaging experiences and exceptional outcomes for incredible clients all over the world.
Aamir Ali Bangash
Street 7 16, Al Jafiliyah, Dubai, UAE
Hire Me Download Resume
In my experience the following are skills that are key to a good Tech Lead and Motion Graphics Designer.
Programming Skills
Graphic Skills
Professional web development and specializes in developing clean, effective and smart websites.
Apr 17 to Present
Tech Lead / Motion Graphics Designer
ATOM Advertising Agency, Dubai
Working on 60% Interactive and web projects and 40% designing motion graphics for different clients.
Apr 12 to Mar 17
Worked on 100% Interactive and web projects for different clients.
Jul 10 to Mar 12
Front-End Web Developer
Next Step Technologoes, Peshawar
2011 Graduated
University of Peshawar
Bachelor of Computer Sciences
I built some great websites, Newsletters and Animations for the following clients. Thanks for visiting this section. Here's a collection of some of my favs works.
Al Etihad Credit Bureau
Al Hamra Cellar
ATOM Dubai
Raw Honey Love
Iraq Energy City
Jumeirah Hotels & Resorts
Kart Group
Mecomed
Mena MedTech Forum
Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai
Moorfields Eye Hospital Centre Abu Dhabi
For general questions you can call or mail me. If you're considering hiring me, click button below. Thank you!
Street 7 16, Al Jafiliyah,
If you're considering hiring me or would like a free project price quote, please fill the form below Thank you!
Copyrights © Aamir Ali Bangash 2019.
Project Descriptions
ADIB is committed to being a responsible corporate citizen and to managing its business in a way that creates value for customers, shareholders, employees and the communities in which it operates.
Client Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank
Services Newsletters, Animatied Videos & Banners
Start your project Today with us
Al Etihad Credit Bureau is a Public Joint Stock Company wholly owned by the UAE Federal Government. As per UAE Federal Law No. (6) of 2010 concerning Credit Information, the company is mandated to regularly collect credit information from financial and non-financial institutions in the UAE. Al Etihad Credit Bureau aggregates and analyzes this data to calculate Credit Scores and produce Credit Reports that are made available to individuals and companies in the UAE.
Client Al Etihad Credit Bureau
ALEC Engineering and Contracting LLC
ALEC (ALEC Engineering and Contracting LLC) is a multi-award winning, established and successful multi-disciplinary construction company based in Dubai. We have consistently evolved and grown to become one of the largest contractors for the execution of major construction projects across our areas of operation. Since inception in 1999, ALEC has consistently grown to over USD 1 billion annually.
Client ALEC Engineering and Contracting LLC
Services Website Development
Alhamra Cellar
A great place to shop for all of your favourite wines, beers and spirits. At unbeatable prices and no licence required. Whether you are looking for something familiar or a little more extraordinary, Al Hamra Cellar has the widest choice of beers, wines and spirits anywhere in the UAE. Whether it's for a party or special gift, Al Hamra Cellar is a relaxed place for you to pick from the top brands or seek out the more unique. Put our knowledgeable staff to the test in helping you choose!
Client Alhamra Cellar
Services Newsletters, Animated Banners
ATOM is an integrated, full service agency head quartered in Dubai, providing loads of inspiration in brand development, advertising, below-the-line and web/digital marketing.
Client ATOM Dubai
Services Websites, Newsletters, Animated Videos / Banners
MMI Diplomatic
MMI recognises the vast diversity of spirits brands across the world and certain brands' popularity within different nationalities. Therefore to service the truly eclectic nature of clients at embassies & consulates MMI put together a selection of spirits to suit every taste. In line with international trends, whisky is the undisputed leading category in terms of sales and MMI have mirrored this demand with an unparalleled choice for you.
Client MMI Dubai
Emaar Properties is one of the world's most valuable and admired real estate development companies. With proven competencies in properties, shopping malls & retail and hospitality & leisure, Emaar shapes new lifestyles with a focus on design excellence, build quality and timely delivery.
Client Emaar
Services Newsletters, Animated Video / Banners
MMI Grapevine
If you enjoy wine you'll love Grapevine. As well as the latest offers on a wide selection of wines we'll keep you informed about the latest trends together with events happening in Dubai and all that's great in the fascinating world of wine.
Services Website, Newsletters, Animated Banners
Raw Honey Love is a small, family-owned team of honey lovers based in the UAE. They travel the world finding artisan beekeepers who live in remote areas, far away from pesticides and pollution. These beekeepers use traditional beekeeping methods passed down by generations. Their mission is to bring this delicious, natural honey straight from the hive to you and your family.
Client Balqees Honey
Services Website Developed
The Iraq Energy City approach is one that is in-touch, forward thinking and proactive in its aim to meet the changing needs of Basra communities. Iraq Energy City is owned and operated by Petronor Group, a company which holds a wealth of experience in the provision of service support in Southern Iraq. The vision for Iraq Energy City is to establish a secure settlement that caters to the current and future needs of the sector. The end goal, a thriving sustainable community in the heart of Basra.
Client Petronor
Jumeirah Hotels and Resorts is a well-established luxury hotel company, which has had a distinct impact on the global hospitality market for the past two decades. Jumeirah has transformed the way that luxury is defined as exemplified by its flagship hotel, Burj Al Arab Jumeirah. Today, Jumeirah is a member of Dubai Holding and an acclaimed luxury hospitality leader. We operate 22 properties in eight countries and employ 13,500 colleagues from across 140 nationalities.
Client Jumeirah
Services Newsletters and Animated Banners
Kart group is a luxury design atelier and U.A.E. importer of fine furniture, lighting, accessories and artwork for unique interiors. Since 2005 we are interiors specialists in modern and contemporary design with a particular focus on bespoke furniture.
Client Kart Group
Le Clos opened in 2008 with the objective of setting a new benchmark in luxury wine and spirits retailing. We secured an extensive range of the world's best wines and spirits, coupled with a highly qualified team of advisors who combined speak over 20 languages. We offer a range of complimentary services which includes personalised bottle engraving, in-store tastings, and a concierge-style delivery service where we deliver your purchases when you land in Dubai. Since our first store opening at Dubai International, we now have nine outlets throughout the airport.
Client Le Clos
Services Newsletters & Animated Banners
Established in 2007, MECOMED is the medical devices, imaging and diagnostics trade association; serving as the voice of international medical technology manufacturers (MedTech) across the Middle East and Africa.
Mecomed spearheads initiatives to work closely with healthcare officials in the MEA countries. Thus, Mecomed coordinates efforts helping set credible healthcare standards for the region. In addition to that, Mecomed puts the core competencies of its constituent members to formulate, evolve and sustain ethical business practices.
Client Mecomed
The MENA MedTech forum is the most prominent event in health and medical technology industry in the Middle East and North Africa region.
The MENA MedTech forum is organized by Mecomed, the trade association for medical devices, imaging and diagnostics which serves as the voice of international medical technology manufacturers across the Middle East and Africa.
Located in Dubai Healthcare City, Moorfields Eye Hospital Dubai, is the first overseas branch of Moorfields London, the oldest eye hospital in the world. Moorfields Dubai delivers the same exceptional standard of diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases which restrict eyesight and even cause blindness.
Client Moorfields Eye Hospitals
Services Website Developed, Newletters & Animated Banners
Moorfields Eye Hospital Abu Dhabi is part of Moorfields London, the oldest eye hospital in the world. Delivering the same exceptional standard of diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases, our hospital is strategically located in Marina Village. Your family's eyesight is precious.
MMI Dubai
Maritime and Mercantile International (MMI), a subsidiary of the Emirates Group, is a passionate and dynamic marketing, sales and distribution organization.
Services Newletters & Animated Banners
St. Regis Abu Dhabi
Marriott International, Inc. is a leading global lodging company with more than 6,700 properties across 130 countries and territories, reporting revenues of more than $22 billion in fiscal year 2017. Founded by J. Willard and Alice Marriott and guided by family leadership for more than 90 years, the company is headquartered outside of Washington, D.C. in Bethesda, Maryland.
Client Marriott International
It all began with a passionate barbecue enthusiast named George Stephen, who invented the world's first kettle grill in 1952 - a grill that ended up changing the barbecue culture throughout the world. He did not do it in order to enrapture the whole world - he simply wanted to find a way to barbecue better steak for his family and friends. And he succeeded! That is now over 60 years ago.
Client Weber Grill


White Shirt Day or White T-shirt Day 2020 is on Tuesday, February 11, 2020: shirt Day - Wearing a white shirt in November?
Why do alot of black people wear white shirts every day?
I don't know if you could generalize it to Black people per say, But Those shirts are MEANT to be UNDER shirts. Some people wear them anyway. Maybe he doesn't have regular shirts to put on over them. Or maybe it is some fashion statement that neither you nor I understand. Maybe its a VEGAS thing. lol!
Should i wear white pants after labor day?
Yes, you can still wear white pants after Labor Day. Some people don't wear white pants after Labor Day simply because they don't really fit in with traditional fall clothing colors such as maroon, auburn, brown, black,etc. But if what you're planning to wear is well put together and the shirt matches the pants, then I see nothing wrong with wearing white pants.


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Q: Prove by induction: for $n \ge 0$, $\frac{(2n)!}{n!2^n}$ is an integer Another prove by induction question:
for $n \ge 0$, $$\frac{(2n)!}{n!2^n}$$ is an integer
Base step:
$$n = 0$$
$$\frac{(2 \times 0)!}{0! \times 2^0} = \frac{0!}{1 \times 1} = 1$$
Induction step: please help

A: Assume for $k$, the result $\dfrac{(2k)!}{k!2^k}$ is equal to integer $c$.
For step $k+1$, we have
$$\frac{(2(k+1))!}{(k+1)!2^{k+1}}=\frac{(2k)!}{k!2^k}\times\frac{(2k+1)(2k+2)}{2(k+1)}=c\times(2k+1)$$
Now, $c$ was assumed to be an integer, and $k$ is an integer as well, so $c\times(2k+1)$ will be an integer too.

A: Proof:: (Without Using induction::) Let $$Z=\frac{(2n)!}{n!\cdot 2^n} = \frac{(2n)\cdot (2n-1)\cdot (2n-2)\cdots4\cdot 3 \cdot 2 \cdot 1}{n!\cdot 2^n}$$
so $$Z = \frac{\underbrace{(2n)\cdot (2n-2)\cdot (2n-4)\cdots4\cdot 2}\times \underbrace{(2n-1)\cdot (2n-3)\cdot (2n-5)\cdots3\cdot 1}}{n!\cdot 2^n}$$
So $$Z = \frac{2^n\cdot \left[n\cdot (n-1)\cdot (n-2)\cdots 4\cdot 2\right]\times \underbrace{(2n-1)\cdot (2n-3)\cdot (2n-5)\cdots3\cdot 1}}{n!\cdot 2^n}$$
So $$Z = \frac{2^n\cdot n!\times \underbrace{(2n-1)\cdot (2n-3)\cdot (2n-5)\cdots3\cdot 1}}{2^n\cdot n!}$$
So $$Z = \underbrace{(2n-1)\cdot (2n-3)\cdot (2n-5)\cdots3\cdot 1}$$ is an Integer.

A: Assume it is true for $n=k$, so
$$\frac{(2k)!}{2^{k}k!}$$
is an integer.
For $n=k+1$, the expression is
$$\frac{(2k+2)!}{2^{k+1}(k+1)!}$$
This is the same as
$$\frac{(2k)!(2k+1)(2k+2)}{2^{k+1}k!(k+1)}$$
But $2k+2=2(k+1)$, so we can cancel terms, yielding
$$\frac{(2k)!(2k+1)}{2^{k}k!}$$
And since
$$\frac{(2k)!}{2^{k}k!}$$
and $2k+1$ are integers, so is their product.
Therefore if it is true for $n=k$ it is also true for $n=k+1$.

A: Assume $\frac{(2n)!}{n!2^n}$ is an integer. $\frac{2(n+1)!}{(n+1)!2^{n+1}}=\frac{(2n+2)\cdot(2n+1)\cdot(2n)!}{(n+1)\cdot n!\cdot 2^n\cdot 2}=\frac{(2n)!}{n!2^n}\cdot \frac{(2n+2)(2n+1)}{2(n+1)}$. Notice that $\frac{(2n)!}{n!2^n}$ is an integer by the inductive assumption, and that $\frac{(2n+2)(2n+1)}{2(n+1)}=\frac{2(n+1)(2n+1)}{2(n+1)}=2n+1$.


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Falcons, Grady Jarrett Agree To Extension
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Bjoern Werner
Bjoern Werner Retires
January 17th, 2017 at 7:59am CST by Connor Byrne
After three disappointing seasons, free agent defensive end Bjoern Werner's NFL career is over. The 26-year-old revealed on German television that he's retiring because teams aren't showing interest in him, in part because of knee problems, per Scott Horner of the Indianapolis Star. Werner has undergone eight knee operations in the past eight years.
A former star at Florida State, where he racked up 18 tackles for loss and 12 sacks in 2012, the German-born Werner entered the pros as the Colts' first-round pick in 2013. He was never able to live up to his status as the 24th overall selection in Indianapolis, where he appeared in 38 games and totaled 6.5 sacks. Four of those sacks came in his second season, as did a career-high 15 starts. Werner started only once as a rookie and not at all in 2015, when he also went without a sack in 10 games.
On the heels of his less-than-stellar third season, the Colts waived Werner last March. He then inked a deal with the AFC South rival Jaguars in the spring, but they released him at the end of August. Werner auditioned for the Lions and Saints during the season, though he wasn't able to land a contract with either team.
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Saints Work Out DE Bjoern Werner
October 11th, 2016 at 4:50pm CST by Zach Links
The Saints worked out defensive end Bjoern Werner, according to Field Yates of ESPN.com (on Twitter). It's not immediately clear if the team is thinking about signing the former first-round pick right now or if he is simply being kept in mind for injuries down the road.
Werner, 26, appeared in 38 games for the Colts from 2013-2015, including 16 starts. In that time, the Florida State alum registered 77 tackles (61 solo), 6.5 sacks, five passes defensed, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries. However, the majority of Werner's production came in his first two years in the league — in 2015, he appeared in 10 games and picked up just 11 total tackles and one fumble recovery.
Following the 2015 season, Werner was cut by Indianapolis. This past spring, he hooked on with the Jaguars, but he was released in late August. Last month, he auditioned for the Lions, but that workout did not lead to a deal.
Lions Audition Bjoern Werner, Two Tight Ends
September 27th, 2016 at 8:06pm CST by Dallas Robinson
The Lions are apparently spending their Tuesday taking a look at failed first-round picks. After working out former Jets draft pick Quinton Coples earlier today, Detroit auditioned ex-Colt/Jaguar Bjoern Werner, Field Yates of ESPN.com tweets.
[RELATED: Lions Re-Sign Aaron Dobson]
Werner, 26 appeared in 38 games over the last three years for the Colts, including 16 starts. In that time, the Florida State alum registered 77 tackles (61 solo), 6.5 sacks, five passes defensed, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries. However, the majority of Werner's production came in his first two years in the league — in 2015, he appeared in 10 games and picked up just 11 total tackles and one fumble recovery. Following the 2015 campaign, he was waived by Indianapolis.
Lions defensive end Ziggy Ansah is expected to be out for Sunday's game — and perhaps longer — as he deals with a high ankle sprain. Detroit, then, is presumably searching for some low-cost depth options as they brace for Ansah's loss.
Werner and Coples weren't the only players auditioning in Motown today, as the Lions also looked at free agent tight ends Justice Cunningham and Adrien Robinson, per Mike Florio of Pro Football Talk (Twitter link).
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Adrien Robinson
Justice Cunningham
Jaguars Release Bjoern Werner
August 30th, 2016 at 8:38am CST by Zach Links
The Jaguars announced the release of former Colts first-round pick Bjoern Werner. In a related move, safety James Sample was placed on IR and tight end Nic Jacobs was released. The Jaguars are now down to 75.
Werner, who turns 26 today, appeared in 38 games over the last three years for the Colts, including 16 starts. In that time, the Florida State alum registered 77 tackles (61 solo), 6.5 sacks, five passes defensed, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries. However, the majority of Werner's production came in his first two years in the league — in 2015, he appeared in 10 games and picked up just 11 total tackles and one fumble recovery. After the season, he was waived by the Colts.
Werner never lived up to expectations in Indianapolis, but was an inexpensive gamble for the Jaguars. His deal granted him an $80K bonus if he made the roster plus sack incentives, but it is unlikely that it contained any significant guarantees.
James Sample
Nic Jacobs
AFC South Notes: Ihedigbo, Texans, Conklin
May 19th, 2016 at 4:08pm CST by Zach Links
James Ihedigbo is looking for work and he says he'd love to play for his hometown team, Aaron Wilson of The Houston Chronicle writes.
"I would love to play for the Houston Texans," Ihedigbo said. "I think it's a great fit. It could be a great fit for both of us. I could definitely add to an already stout defense."
The Texans currently have six safeties behind presumptive starters Eddie Pleasant and Andre Hal. It remains to be seen whether they would displace one of their reserves to give the 32-year-old a chance.
Here's more from the AFC South:
First-round pick Jack Conklin is working at both left and right tackle in his early days with the Titans, Paul Kuharsky of ESPN.com writes. Conklin is projected to start at right tackle this season, but he could also be the team's top option in the event that left tackle Taylor Lewan gets hurt. Conklin, taken with the No. 8 overall pick, played at right tackle in his first three games at Michigan State before moving to left tackle primarily.
Bjoern Werner's minimum salary deal with the Jaguars gives him an $80K bonus if he makes the roster and an extra $300K if he reaches a certain sack total, Tom Pelissero of USA Today tweets. Werner, 25, inked a prove-it deal with Jacksonville last week. The former first-round pick appeared in 38 games over the last three years for the Colts, including 16 starts. In that time, the Florida State alum registered 77 tackles (61 solo), 6.5 sacks, five passes defensed, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries. However, the majority of Werner's production came in his first two years in the league.
The Colts named Todd Vasvari as their senior player personnel scout, Matt Terpening as the assistant director of college scouting, and Brandon Brown as an advanced scout, Aaron Wilson of The Houston Chronicle tweets. The Colts also named Chad Henry as their east regional scout and Joey Elliott as a pro scout (Twitter link).
Jack Conklin
James Ihedigbo
AFC Notes: Amendola, Sanchez, Mettenberger
May 16th, 2016 at 7:26pm CST by Ben Levine
Patriots receiver Danny Amendola underwent a pair of surgeries this offseason, reports Jeff Howe of the Boston Herald. The 30-year-old had surgery on his injured left knee, and he also had an operation to remove a bone spur in his ankle. Despite these ailments, Amendola still managed to play 14 games last season, compiling 65 catches for 648 yards and three touchdowns.
There is hope that Amendola will be healthy enough for training camp, but the organization is not planning on rushing him back. Since it's so early in the process, Howe notes that there is "no guarantee" that the wideout will be ready for Week 1.
Let's check out some more notes from around the AFC…
Broncos quarterback Mark Sanchez injured his left thumb in the weight room last week, reports ESPN's Adam Schefter (via Twitter). The 29-year-old underwent surgery on Saturday, but he is only expected to miss "a few OTAs."
Broncos tight end Jeff Heuerman says he's back to 100% on his knee, as Cameron Wolfe of The Denver Post tweets. Heuerman, the 92nd overall pick in last year's draft, suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee during rookie camp last year and missed the entire 2015 season.
Indianapolis castoff Bjoern Werner could be another late bloomer for the Jaguars, Hays Carlyon of The Florida Times-Union writes. Buffalo struck gold in the 2013 offseason when they traded with Indy for defensive end Jerry Hughes, a player who many had written off. Since then, Hughes has racked up 25 sacks for Jacksonville over the last three seasons. Werner has yet to produce in the NFL, but he is still just 25 years old and could theoretically turn things around with a change of scenery. The Jaguars signed Werner to a prove-it deal late last week.
The Titans released Zach Mettenberger today in order to give him a chance to do his OTAs and minicamp with a team and learn their system, Ian Rapoport of NFL.com tweets.
Zach Links contributed to this post.
Jeff Heuerman
Zach Mettenberger
Jaguars Sign Bjoern Werner
May 12th, 2016 at 9:35am CST by Luke Adams
THURSDAY, 9:35am: Werner's contract with Jaguars does not contain any guaranteed money and is basically a "prove it" deal, Adam Caplan of ESPN.com (on Twitter). Caplan does not specify the length of the deal, but I would surmise that it is a one-year pact.
WEDNESDAY, 3:30pm: The Jaguars continue to make changes on their defensive line this offseason, announcing today that they've signed defensive end Bjoern Werner. A former first-round pick, Werner was waived by the Colts about two months ago.
Werner, 25, appeared in 38 games over the last three years for the Colts, including 16 starts. In that time, the Florida State alum registered 77 tackles (61 solo), 6.5 sacks, five passes defensed, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries. However, the majority of Werner's production came in his first two years in the league — in 2015, he appeared in 10 games and picked up just 11 total tackles and one fumble recovery.
After being selected 24th overall in the 2013 draft, Werner never lived up to expectations with the Colts, but figures to be an inexpensive gamble for the Jaguars. Contract terms aren't yet known, but I'd be surprised if Werner gets more than a minimum salary deal from Jacksonville.
The Jaguars added Malik Jackson in free agency, and will get Dante Fowler Jr. back from injury this season. The team also added Myles Jack, Yannick Ngakoue, Sheldon Day, Tyrone Holmes, and Jonathan Woodard on the third day of the draft, so there will be several new front-seven players vying for roles and roster spots in 2016.
In a corresponding roster move, the Jaguars also cut cornerback Chance Casey today.
Chance Casey
Colts Waive Former First-Round Pick Bjoern Werner
March 8th, 2016 at 1:58pm CST by Zach Links
The Colts announced that they have waived outside linebacker Bjoern Werner. Werner was taken with the No. 24 overall pick in the 2013 draft.
Werner didn't see much playing time in 2015 and today's news doesn't come as a huge surprise. Had he remained on the Colts roster, Werner would have carried a $2.51MM cap number for the 2016 season. Now they will carry just $1MM in dead money while saving $1.48MM against the cap.
Werner has appeared in 38 games over the last three years for the Colts, including 16 starts. In that time, he registered 77 tackles (61 solo), 6.5 sacks, five passes defensed, one forced fumble, and two fumble recoveries. Last year, he appeared in 10 games with 11 total tackles and one fumble recovery.
Former Patriots LB Tedy Bruschi Suffers Stroke
Randy Gregory To Apply For Reinstatement
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Eagles T Tyreek Burwell Retires
NFC Notes: Zeke, Buckner, A. Smith
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