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ChessPub Forum › Chess Publishing Openings › 1. e4 e5 - Non-Spanish › C23: Calabrese Counter-Gambit: 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5!?
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C23: Calabrese Counter-Gambit: 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5!? (Read 39566 times)
Jonathan Tait
Re: C23: Calabrese Counter-Gambit: 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5!?
another critical line we've been looking at recently:
Download game in pgn format
Smyslov_Fan
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Progress depends on the
unreasonable man. ~GBS
urusov wrote on 03/08/15 at 00:42:17:
My main point is that you really have to do some deep analysis to beat these lines, especially at the amateur level. Just consider that Jim West still plays the Philidor Gambit against level A, expert and master players with surprisingly good results. You really have to know the line well to not go wrong let alone to gain the edge -- and it is unlikely that too many players will spend the time to analyze this stuff (as even the Bologan game suggests).
The notes you gave included evaluations such as "=", +/= and so on. Such notation does not usually mean "well, what I mean is it's equal unless your opponent is really well prepared".
As for PANFR's comments: I think you are right, that 1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 f5 3. d3 Nf6 4. Nf3 c6 5. O-O d5 6. exd5 cxd5 7. Bb3! is a real challenge for Black, though you definitely have to consider 7...e4 (which really looks like the only chance) 8.dxe4 fxe4 which you'd have to analyze in depth to say anything definitive.
I think the onus is on Black to prove a defence here. For instance, after 9 Nc3 Be6 10 Ng5 Bg8 11 Qe2, Black's position looks pretty damn awful.
But 4...c6 isn't the best. I play 4...fxe4 5 dxe4 Bb4+!? (the check is important to prevent Nc3) 6 c3 Bc5. No one has managed to show a refutation as yet against the plan of ...d6, ...Qe7, ...Nc6-d8, something on e6, and ...0-0.
Incidentally, as regards the Philidor transposition: 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5 3 Nf3 d6 4 d4 pretty much wins by force for White.
urusov
Location: Kenilworth
PANFR wrote on 03/03/15 at 17:31:50:
Ummm... I find it rather difficult to find some value in the analysis at the Urusov site. For example, after 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5? 3.d3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 (a rather bad move, which earns an exclam mark there) 5.0-0 d5? 6.exd5 cxd5 7. Bb3 (not mentioned) Black will lose a pawn for nothing.
My analysis was posted in 2003 and has not been updated since then -- though I don't think anyone has written more on the line since either. So, yes, I do not consider games played in 2011 -- though I think Bologan was just trying to play something safe to complete avoid his opponent's preparation. I have to agree with Tait's comments here. Estrin's idea of 3.d4 is not a real challenge for Black -- though Bologan's way of playing it is more interesting than I had recognized.
Smyslov_Fan wrote on 03/02/15 at 19:24:15:
White has many other promising continuations, which is why the opening fails except as a surprise.
Please back that up with concrete promising continuations. I am yet to be convinced that the opening fails.
As for...
the line that Bologan played as White in one of the few GM examples. He too played a gambit line
Personally I think 7... c4 8. Ba4 d3 is okay for Black; e.g. 9. b3 a6 10. Bxc6+ bxc6 11. O-O Bc5. And even in the game continuation, Black doesn't stand too badly after either 10...Be4 or 15...Ne6.
PANFR
I Love ChessPublishing!
Ummm... I find it rather difficult to find some value in the analysis at the Urusov site. For example, after 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5? 3.d3 Nf6 4.Nf3 c6 (a rather bad move, which earns an exclam mark there) 5.0-0 d5? 6.exd5 cxd5 7. Bb3 (not mentioned) Black will lose a pawn for nothing. I found only one game (far from flawless), which is hardly surprising- playing like that as Black isn't a wise choice.
Urusov, I took a look at your analysis on your website. It looks impressive, but then I started doing some independent research into the line. Predictably, you prefer it when White plays in a Romantic style and answers the gambit with a gambit. Not so predictably, you ignored the line that Bologan played as White in one of the few GM examples. He too played a gambit line, but you brushed it aside with "=" after four moves. White has many other promising continuations, which is why the opening fails except as a surprise.
Here's the Bologan game with my notes. (I did use an engine to check some of the analysis, but most of it is my own and may contain errors):
« Last Edit: 03/03/15 at 14:40:47 by GMTonyKosten »
The Calabrese is better than most people appreciate. I like MNb's suggestion of 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.d3 Nf6 4.f4!? -- which I think is basically what White should be going for, as recommended long ago by Jaenisch. I have analyzed the Calabrese here:
http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~goeller/urusov/bishops/f5.htm
My analysis is rather inconclusive, so I think it is playable.
HgMan wrote on 12/01/14 at 19:06:04:
Black might have more interesting resources here than after 4...Nc6 5.a3, which looks fairly convincing for White.
You may well be right. All the same, I've not lost that position (after 5 a3) as yet: P5 W1 D4 L0
Keano wrote on 01/15/15 at 16:51:50:
Not sure if its the strongest but 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.d3 is quite nice to play for White and should lead to some sort of edge.
3...Nf6 4.Nf3 Nc6 5.0-0 etc. avoiding any ...Bb4 business
Not quite. I answer 4 Nf3 with 4...fxe4 5 dxe4 Bb4+!
And my score there is P16, W5, D9, L2 (the first loss was before I knew what I was doing, and the second was just a blunder)
Money doesn't talk, it
swears.
Location: Toulouse
I had this on the board against me years ago.
HgMan
Demand me nothing: What
you know, you know
Location: Up on Cripple Creek
(Bump)
1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d3 Bb4 5.Nf3 c6 6.0-0 d6 (6...Bxc3?! is inconsistent with 5...c6, but it also opens up a future Ba3, which can be unpleasant)
My first instinct is too many pawn moves from Black—and maybe not in keeping with the fairly aggressive second move. But Black might have more interesting resources here than after 4...Nc6 5.a3, which looks fairly convincing for White. All in all, though, I think Black's struggling to justify 2...f5(?!).
"Luck favours the prepared mind." --Louis Pasteur
Glenn Snow wrote on 04/08/12 at 22:15:45:
After 1. e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d3 Nc6 5.a3 Bc5 6.Nf3 h6 (When I originally brought up 5.a3 this was the move that seemed most likely to give White trouble to me. All still based on what Houdini is giving.) 7.O-O d6 8.Be3!?
I no longer think 6...h6 is any good because of 7 Na4 Be7 8 Nh4!, which looks terrible for Black. Who'd have thought that a little move (5 a3) could prove so difficult?!
Okay, I do have another idea, but I'm loathe to say what it is in case someone refutes that as well. I still want to play this over the board!
Glenn Snow
Location: Franklin
After 1. e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d3 Nc6 5.a3 Bc5 6.Nf3 h6 (When I originally brought up 5.a3 this was the move that seemed most likely to give White trouble to me. All still based on what Houdini is giving.) 7.O-O d6 8.Be3!?
CraigEvans wrote on 04/07/12 at 21:31:33:
I quite like the idea of 5.a3 as discussed below - in your suggested line 7...h6, white has to be aware that (immediate) greed kills. Perhaps the intermediate 11.Nh4!? throws a spanner in the works, and provides the reason why 5.a3!! was a genius move:
I don't know about it being a genius move; it's quite an obvious one if you know anything about the KGD. But regarding that... 11 Nh4 certainly looks pretty strong here. Does that mean 10...Nh5 refutes the sacrifice in the reversed position? I can't find any theory on this; everyone just takes the rook. Of course in the KGD White mostly plays 7 Na4!, which is pointless in the reversed position (because of a3).
So maybe 6...h6 is correct (as in the game TalJechin gave earlier in the thread). This is played occasionally in the KGD; i.e. 6 h3 instead of 6 d3. It isn't very good for White there, but in reversed positions Black doesn't need "very good".
Quoting that game again with a couple of lines added:
CraigEvans
If I can't sacrifice a
pawn, I'll throw my rook
Location: Kidderminster
11.Nh4 Qg5 12.Nxa8 Qxh4 13.Qd2 fxe4 14.O-O!? exd3 15.Bxd3 e4 16.b4!! (Oh yes!) and the complications do not look unfavourable to white after 16...Bd4 17.b5!
But I worryingly agree that 3...Nf6 looks like an error based on the ideas outlined... it is a worrying day for my understanding of chess when so many natural moves turn out to possibly not be right. I think 3...Nc6 looks like a good chance to make this playable, though the positional 5.a3 looks like it contains a lot of hidden venom!
"Give a man a pawn, and he'll smell a rat. Give a man a piece, and he'll smell a patzer." - Me.
"If others have seen further than me, it is because giants have been standing on my shoulders."
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Well, for a start I'd be thinking that 5.d4 makes much more sense than 5.Nd5.
5...exd4 must be the move (since I can see no sensible way for black to maintain the central tension). Then 6.Nxd4 fxe4 (what else) is quite strongly met by 7.Bg5!? again striving for activity and preventing ...d5.
Yes, that looks quite interesting. I tried 7...c6 but then 8 Nf5 d5 9 Nxg7+ Kf7 10 Nh5 seems a bit dodgy for Black; e.g. 10...Bg4 11 Be2 Bxe2 12 Qxe2 Nbd7 13 0-0 Qb6 14 Kh1 Rag8 15 Nxf6 Nxf6 16 Bxf6 Qxf6 17 f3 e3 18 Na4 Qa5 19 Qxe3 Qxa4 20 c3.
While I'm not ready to give up on that just yet, perhaps 3...Nf6 is inaccurate and Black should play 3...Nc6 instead, when 4 d3 Nf6 transposes to lines we've already discussed (albeit briefly), while 4 exf5 Nf6 5 Nf3 d5 6 Bb5 Bd6 7 d4 exd4 8 Nxd4 0-0 is okay for Black.
Well, for a start I'd be thinking that 5.d4 makes much more sense than 5.Nd5. Why cede the centre and exchange pieces? White is ahead in development, black has marginally weakened his kingside and wont be able to castle for a little while - I don't believe in just playing passively against this sort of stuff.
So, after 5.d4 it would appear that we are in Terra Incognita - can anyone chart a route for black here? Though as I'm away from home I don't have my trusty engines to back me up, I'm fairly confident white must have some edge here. The sort of thing I'd be looking at is 5...fxe4 6.dxe5! exf3 7.exf6 Qxf6 8.O-O! and looking to plant something down the e-file before black gets close to castling. 8...Bxc3 seems forced, but after 9.bxc3 white has an open position and two bishops and a lead in development for his dodgy pawn structure.
So 5...exd4 must be the move (since I can see no sensible way for black to maintain the central tension). Then 6.Nxd4 fxe4 (what else) is quite strongly met by 7.Bg5!? again striving for activity and preventing ...d5. I can't believe that this is what black wants? White is the one having all the fun here...
What would black play after 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.Nf3?
4...Bb4.
The only example here being:
4...fxe4 5.Nxe5 d5 6.Nxd5! and black doesn't get his Svedenborg fun - 6...Nxd5 7.Qh5+ g6 8.Nxg6 hg 9.Qxh8 Nb4 10.O-O and I don't believe white can be bad here, though maybe black has just enough?
So, does black have an improvement on this? Or am I totally mis-assessing the position?
SWJediknight
Alert... opponent out
of book!
The problem with 3.Bc4 is not 3...d6?! as suggested at Michael Goeller's site, as after 4.Nf3 this transposes to the Philidor Counter-Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 f5 4.Bc4) which is much better for White.
As mentioned earlier in the thread the problem is the Svedenborg Variation (3.fxe4 4.Nxe5 d5), when after 5.Qh5+ g6 6.Nxg6 hxg6 Black gets very dangerous compensation for the exchange after 7.Qxh8 Kf7 and stands OK after 7.Qxg6+ Kd7. White might have a small theoretical edge in that 7.Qxh8 line with accurate defence but I would much rather be Black in that line (hence 3.Nxe5! being the way to go against the Latvian).
Markovich
Pardon my ignorance, but isn't 3.Bc4 still supposed to be quite strong against the Latvian? If so, then this issue is moot.
The Great Oz has spoken!
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All this validates what I said earlier about getting rid of the pesky Bc4 by a later ...d6, ...Qe7, ...Be6. These games here prove that. And certainly Black can castle Queenside.
Markovich wrote on 04/03/12 at 15:38:20:
On second thought, 3.d4 exd4 4.e5 d5! 5.exd6 Bxd6 and the check from e7 will be annoying.
There's one game with that:
3.Bxg8 is a completely unprincipled move, so I would never look for White's advantage in that direction.
I think I would look first at the reversed Falkbeer with B-QB4 thrown in. That's not just any extra move, it's White's QB sitting on the just-exposed diagonal. I suppose 3.d3 must be good, but it doesn't look like a sufficiently sharp reaction to Black's bad move.
It's a very cute idea for Latvian players, though.
TN wrote on 04/03/12 at 09:03:12:
Thank you very much for your analysis Jon. You've nearly convinced me to play 2...f5 the next time someone plays 2.Bc4 against me!Â
SWJediknight wrote on 04/03/12 at 11:21:50:
I find Jon's analysis quite convincing, in the sense that while 2...f5 may not equalise with as much certainty as 2...Nf6 it seems that Black always gets a playable position with some counterplay.
It's good for psychological value at least.
Here's a bit more analysis:
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 f5 4.d4! is indeed the problem with the Rousseau Gambit (we've already seen that 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.d4 exd4 isn't anywhere near as convincing for White).
TalJechin
There is no secret ingredient.
Location: Malmö
Here's one more game with a3 :)
[pgn][Event "POL-chT"]
[Site "Lubniewice"]
[Date "1993.??.??"]
[White "Sikora Gizynska, Bozena"]
[Black "Wiliczkiewicz, Zdzislawa"]
[EventType "team"]
[EventRounds "11"]
[EventCountry "POL"]
[Source ""]
1. e4 e5 2. Bc4 f5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. d3 Nc6 5. a3 Bc5 6. Nf3 h6 7. O-O d6 8. b4 Bb6
9. Nd5 Nxd5 10. Bxd5 Qf6 11. h3 f4 12. c3 g5 13. a4 a6 14. d4 g4 15. dxe5 dxe5
16. hxg4 Bxg4 17. Qd3 h5 18. Bb2 h4 19. Nh2 Bd7 20. Rfb1 Rh7 21. b5 axb5 22.
axb5 Rxa1 23. Rxa1 Nd8 24. Qf3 Qg5 25. c4 h3 26. Rc1 Bc5 27. b6 cxb6 28. Kf1
hxg2+ 29. Kg1 Qh4 30. Qxg2 Bxf2+ 31. Kf1 Bh3 0-1
It's a pity 2.Bc4 isn't more common. :)
And of course it would be nice if f5 worked against 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 too... Btw, what's the big difference there, is it 4.d4! or something else?
Thank you very much for your analysis Jon. You've nearly convinced me to play 2...f5 the next time someone plays 2.Bc4 against me!
All our dreams come true if we have the courage to pursue them.
Houdini thinks 5.a3!? (In the variation 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.d3 Nf6 4.Nc3 Nc6.) is good for White. Although I'd guess black would be OK with careful play it's certainly a practical choice for White.
Ah yes, 5 a3 is interesting. Now we do have a reversed KGD with the useful extra move a2-a3, preventing both ...Bb4 and negating ...Na5. The question is whether the KGD is good for an advantage even with an extra move. The only game I have with this is...
gewgaw
I love ChessPublishing.com!
Really funny stuff - 3.d3 b5!??
The older, the better - over 2200 and still rising.
Houdini thinks 5.a3!? (In the variation 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.d3 Nf6 4.Nc3 Nc6.) is good for White. Although I'd guess black would be OK with careful play it's certainly a practical choice for White.
TalJechin wrote on 04/02/12 at 07:37:36:
3.d4 exd4 4.e5 might be a little something for white, or maybe it's just White's higher rating that speaks..
Yes, White certainly has compensation in this reversed Falkbeer, but I'm not sure he's better.
In the game either 10...Be4!? or just 7...c4(!) 8 Ba4 d3 (e.g. 9 b3 a6 or 9 0-0 Nge7 10 b3 a6) seems okay for Black.
Well, 3.Nc3 offers some extra options, e.g. a Tarrasch Counter Gambit with an extra tempo seems like a fun way to play!
Yes, but (3 Nc3 Nf6 4 exf5) 4...d5 is a mistake. Black should play 4...Nc6 again, transposing to the Deferred variation 2 Nc3 Nc6 3 Bc4 f5 4 exf5 Nf6.
Then 5 d4!? is an interesting try, but it seems that Black can defend; e.g.
Rudolf Spielmann forever
Location: Moengo
Just in case: TalJechin refers to 1.e4 e5 2.f4 exf4 3.Bc4 Nc6 4.Nf3 Bc5 5.d4 Nxd4!? with I met once in a rapid game and was all too happy to draw.
The book had the effect good books usually have: it made the stupids more stupid, the intelligent more intelligent and the other thousands of readers remained unchanged.
GC Lichtenberg
Well, 3.Nc3 offers some extra options, e.g. a Tarrasch Counter Gambit with an extra tempo seems like a fun way to play! (just took a quick dip in the database, I'll leave the serious analysis to you)
Perhaps 3.Nc3 Nf6 4.d3 Bb4 5.Ne2 then?
In a KG white's extra tempo (Nc3) would allow N-QR4 now.
After 3 d3 Nf6 4 Nc3 (which of course is the same thing) I'd prefer 4...Nc6 (rather than 4...Bb4). Then 5 Nge2 could be answered by 5...Na5 (as in the reversed KG), or if 5 Nf3 only then 5...Bb4.
This also arises via 1 e4 e5 2 Nc3 Nc6 3 Bc4 f5!? (which might be called the Calabrese Counter-Gambit Deferred) 4 d3 Nf6 etc.
Isn't 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.d3 Nf6 4.Nf3 plus over equals?
BPaulsen wrote on 04/01/12 at 03:27:52:
I think I'd rather play white after 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 f5 3.d3 Nf6 4.Nf3 Nc6 5.0-0 Bc5 6.Nc3 d6 7.Bg5. Is black aiming for something more incisive earlier in that duffer sequence of obvious moves?
Yes, those moves are too obvious. Black can't allow Nc3 coupled with Bg5. Instead: 4...fxe4 5 dxe4 Bb4+!? 6 c3 Bc5 intending ...d6, ...Qe7, ...Be6 and/or ...Nc6-d8 etc. I've found it's surprisingly difficult for White to achieve anything here.
One game:
BPaulsen
I Love Light Squares!
Location: Anaheim, CA, USA
2288 USCF, 2186 FIDE.
FIDE based on just 27 games.
YIM AIM
Okay, a few replies:
Therefore most critical are probably 3.d3 (initiating a reversed King's Gambit Declined) and 3.Nc3, when White should get a nice edge, though nothing decisive.
I'm looking for something more concrete than one move suggestions. I'd answer these two moves: 3 d3 Nf6 and 3 Nc3 Nf6 (or 3...Nc6!?).
Gambit wrote on 03/29/12 at 17:22:38:
After 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5 3 d4 d6 4 Nf3 b5 transposes to the Philidor Counter-Gambit: Newark Gambit.
3 d4 is better met by 3...exd4, when 4 e5!? d5 followed by ...c5 is a strange sort of reversed Falkbeer. I think Black is okay here.
Bresando wrote on 03/29/12 at 13:09:41:
In case you don't know, you can find some analysis at goeller's "Urusov gambit system" website. I think he advocated 3.f4 as a way to create a sharp simmetry which should be in principle favourable to white.
3 f4 is met by 3...exf4!, transposing to the Bishop's Gambit with 3...f5!? which is not at all bad for Black.
MNb wrote on 03/30/12 at 03:17:07:
Modification: 3.d3 spoils all Black's fun
How does it do that exactly? As you suggest lower down, 3 d3 Nf6 4.f4 (this stems from Jaenisch I think, rather than Staunton) 4...Nc6 is not so bad for Black either.
Next?
No, 3 d3 is a bad move, and rates a ?.
1...e5 is a bad move because it weakens the d5 and f5 squares, and makes the f7-pawn even more vulnerable. The best square for Black's queen is d8 so it makes no sense to create the possibility of moving it. Moving the f8-bishop isn't much better since any move along the f8-a3 diagonal will leave the g7-pawn protected. This is why the only move that scores well at the top level against 1.e4 is 1...c5.
White is being a scaredy cat if he plays 3 d3.
Predictable. As I wrote: if LDZ writes this it's a good move.
I would continue 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5 3 d3 Nf6, transposing to the Latvian Gambit Declined.
Fortunately we get a move this time, albeit one that has been widely known since 1972 at least, when Harding in his book on the Bishop's Game gave 4.f4. According to him this move stems from Staunton.
Which obviously is no Latvian Gambit Declined.
Schuld,H - Koetsheid,P [C23]
corr, 1902
Lyell drew twice with 4...Nc6 in 1985.
The Elephant Gambit, 1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 d5, is not as dubious as you think it is. I have played it when I was younger, and won some nice games. In my first game, back in 1991, I drew FM Rudy Blumenfield. I was rated 1856 at the time, he, 2391. It was a big deal.
White is being a scaredy cat if he plays 3 d3. I would continue 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5 3 d3 Nf6, transposing to the Latvian Gambit Declined. Some old games of mine include ...Nc6 - Na5, trading off the pesky Bc4. Other plans include ...d6 , ...Qe7 , ...Be6, exchanging the Bc4.
And yes, I and other gambiteers still play these dangerous and risky openings over the board, Gilchrist.
Gilchrist is a legend
Location: Manchester, UK
Just a question, but how often do people actually play these gambits in tournaments?
When I used to play 1. e4 for almost ten years, the only dubious gambit I faced was 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d5?!
Creo lo que creo no importa lo que creen los demás.
Modification: 3.d3 spoils all Black's fun, but not White's. I recognize a trend: all strong moves that question LDZ's beloved openings "spoil the fun." So I strongly recommend studying moves rejected by LDZ for this reason.
That is just avoiding all the fun.
What's wrong with 3.d3?
Bresando
Location: Pavia, Italy
Re: Calabrese Counter-Gambit: 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5!?
In case you don't know, you can find some analysis at goeller's "Urusov gambit system" website. I think he advocated 3.f4 as a way to create a sharp simmetry which should be in principle favourable to white. My patzer mind would make me play something like 3.Nf3, but i've heard black is not badly placed in the 3.Bc4 latvian, is it right? (edit:sorry, jediknight posted while i was writing. 3.Nf3 confirmed as nothing special.)
I don't believe in most of these early ...f5 lines for Black but this one appears at first glance to be rather more resilient than many of the others.
Not 3.Nf3, as that transposes to a decent line of the Latvian Gambit for Black. Black can generate very dangerous compensation in the exchange sacrifice line 3...fxe4 4.Nxe5 d5 5.Qh5+ g6 6.Nxg6 hxg6 7.Qxh8 Kf7, and 7.Qxg6+ Kd7 is OK for Black.
I'm not convinced by 3.exf5 Nf6 either- White is a tempo up on the King's Gambit Accepted but Bf1-c4 isn't necessarily the most useful of extra tempos, it can easily be hit by a subsequent ...d5. I'm also not sure if White gets much against 3.d4 exd4.
C23: Calabrese Counter-Gambit: 1 e4 e5 2 Bc4 f5!?
So what's wrong with this then?
« Last Edit: 03/29/12 at 13:30:51 by Smyslov_Fan »
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The Fluidpac system is a contact-free spraying machine, that with the help of spray discs, also called rotors, apply a minimal amount of various liquid solutions onto running web materials. The rapidly rotating rotors are supplied with liquids, like water, with the help of a distribution system. When the water hits the rotors that rotate at high speed,a fine flat fan mist is sprayed onto the web form. Each disc controls a certain range of spraying that is prefixed with shutters. This ensures that the fans spray act in a contiguous way and apply the preset quantity of liquid evenly over the entire width.
Each rotor's spray is monitored and controlled individually, ensuring a uniform spraying action. Aberrations of more than +/- 20% of the preset quantity will be detected and alerted during the spraying action.


Finding magnetic bracelets for sports injuries in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games season can be difficult as the best websites for these products don't come first in the search engines. But MPS stands out.
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Getting bracelets to fit, when you buy over a distance, can be a problem. But the problem can be solved by our links removal tool or by buying an expanding bracelet.
Magnetic Products Store has a huge range of sports bracelets including the snap-on silicone range.
How to wear your bracelet properly?


text:
Q: Qt select specific kit I have a qt project where I wish to use a specific custom kit. The problem is when I build the project it uses the auto-detected kit. I mention that i already made the custom kit default.
How can I build the project using just the custom kit? I can not disable that kit because it is auto-detected and I do not wish to remove it because I will need it for future projects. The auto-detected kit uses qt version 5.6 with 2013 visual studio and the custom one that I need uses 4.8 version with 2008 visual. For the project I use qt creator.

A: Click on the Project button on the left side of Creator (the wrench), there you will see an "add kit" button, for each existing kit you also have a drop down menu with a remove button and a change button.

There you can either add your custom kit to the project, or replace the default kit with yours.
You can quickly select which kit is active from the icon in the bottom:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


NYU - What is the Elite Daily Magazine? What are the opportunities to participate in this while studying in New York City?
I have heard this is student run - is this true?
Elite daily is one of the many fantastic opportunities that you can take advantage of while in NYC. It's an online platform that's similar to buzzfeed, only the articles are generally longer and they convey a message (as opposed to jokes or pop culture updates).
When I first started at NYU, Elite daily was just launching its college outreach program - a program where students run a club within a university and students to create content. I've always loved writing and so I thought it would be a great opportunity to start my own club and get my thoughts out there (when I was involved,they had 40 million unique views per month so the potential reach of each article was exciting!).
I had a fantastic time running the NYU club, and was disappointed when school and my other commitments meant I had to stop my involvement. However if you're interested in journalism or just want to get your thoughts out there, you could look into joining Elite daily or one of the many other fantastic writing platforms that are headquartered in NYC (some of my friends also write for Vice, New York time etc).


By this stage, we have been willing to start with the sanding itself. We would like to make a stage and evenly sanded floor. The floor must be totally bare and free of any coatings. For brand new floors, this includes levelling the boards by sanding down any ridges. For outdated floors, this consists of eradicating old varnish or paint. Then, we will amount the perimeters and Mix them into the human body with the floor by having an edger.
The result is immaculate timber flooring that's pretty much as good as new. The process helps you to retain the character of your respective timber flooring, which is one of timber flooring's most outstanding and popular characteristics. In addition to this, floor sanding is far more cost-effective than changing your timber floor entirely.
With this particular servicing, on the other hand, you can take pleasure in The gorgeous end of an immaculate timber floor for many years to come. Brisbanes Finest Floors has become in operation for over 20 decades, which implies We have now the many know-how and devices required to do the job well.
I just wanted to compose to inform you of how impressed I used to be with the Adult males, they turned up on time and finished our task with bare minimum of inconvenience for me and my spouse and children.
Even so, it is essential that you simply place the protecting adhesive strips on any elements of the furniture that occur into contact with the floor. This will defend the clean coating from pointless destruction. One more important matter to keep in mind is that the recently sanded floor will take some time to get rid of.
You'll be able to Are living in your home though the floor sanding approach is ongoing. However, chances are you'll knowledge some restriction on your entry to selected parts of your house. This generally depends upon your person instances, nevertheless normally, the complete we utilize demands a prolonged period of drying time. Normally, the time period necessary for your finish to dry won't exceed just one evening.
These strips tend to be made from a artificial material that is similar to felt. This simply guards the floor from scratches and aids inside the longevity of one's timber flooring.
Below at Brisbanes Finest Floors, we realize that dust will not be excellent. That is why We have now invested in the most recent floor sanding engineering. All of our Brisbane floor sanders originate from the marketplace's most progressive suppliers. A typical element of all out devices is dust minimisation. Our click to find out more floor sanding apparatus feature dust catching mechanisms which are created to decrease the distribution of dust close to your private home or business. Along with this, our floor sanding experts will choose even further safeguards to cut back the amount of dust that is created.
We may even open doors and Home windows, where by probable, to enhance ventilation and minimise dust. Even with our safeguards, there is likely to generally be some dust because of the floor sanding approach. For this reason, we recommend that you simply have a couple ways to get ready for this. Most significantly, we advise you to definitely deal with or take away any electronic products within the sanding regions. This involves televisions, stereos, games consoles and personal computers. This could prevent any harm Which may come about if dust enters their electrical programs.
The average timber floor sanding and ending job takes two to 5 times. Once the floor is concluded, we propose which you remain from the floor for at least visit this site 24 several hours, and home furniture for forty eight several hours.
Timber is one of the preferred flooring resources in Brisbane. Together with searching good, timber also lasts lengthier than other flooring supplies. Remaining topic to this sort of steady have on and tear, nonetheless, may end up in your timber flooring shedding some of its shine.
If you want to to restore your timber floor to its initial glory, then get in contact With all the workforce at Brisbanes Best Floors. We offer comprehensive floor sanding providers in Brisbane which can be sure to depart your timber floors hunting immaculate.
We specialise in timber floor sanding, sprucing providers and various related routine maintenance and restore expert services. With thirty yrs' encounter, our specialist tradesmen can sand and complete your present timber/parquetry floors, together with your staircase and decks (the pieces that often cause quite possibly the most drama in DIY jobs). Timber floor sanding in Brisbane is our experience.
The curing approach is Ordinarily a great deal more time in comparison to the drying itself. In actual fact, it usually can take close to 5 days for the floor to overcome wholly. Through this time, you need to avoid masking the floor with rugs. You should also stay away from chairs that slide or roll.
Once This is certainly total, we sand the floor floor once again that has a finer grain of sandpaper. All surface area dust is then vacuumed and all imperfections are taken out previous to coating. We then utilize two coats in the very first day this should dry right away then We'll Polyvac and utilize the final complete. There are actually numerous her latest blog products and solutions of Decide on and we will allow you to by means of this selection.
To get ready your floor, we start by sinking any protrusions. Generally, this will involve punching exposed nails about 4mm underneath the floor on the floor. This stops damage to the sanding products.
Having said that we do know that, sometimes, this received't be practical for yourself. If This is actually the scenario for you, then we suggest that you just place protective adhesive strips on the bottom of all objects of household furniture.


text:
Q: What data format can be written from Java (Clojure) and read by Paraview? I have some Clojure code that generates a regular 3D grid of data (voxels).  I want to write this to a file that can be later read by Paraview (and, possibly, other analysis/visualisation programs).  What is the simplest way to do this?  My main priority is simplicity, but I would also like this to also scale well, so that I can use it for large datasets.  I do not need to handle anything more complex than a regular grid.

A: Paraview has a "raw" input format, which is simply a sequence of binary values, with X varying fastest, Z slowest.  The following Clojure code will write a sequence of doubles in this format:
(defn write-doubles [voxels path]
  "write raw data stream - for paraview x must vary fastest."
  (let [out (java.io.DataOutputStream.
              (java.io.BufferedOutputStream.
                (java.io.FileOutputStream. path)))]
    (dorun (map (fn [v] (.writeDouble out v)) voxels))
    (.close out)))

You can then read this into Paraview by selecting the file (use a .raw extension) and entering the metadata (origin, step, range) for the axes.  It's not a great solution - it would be better to have the metadata in the file too - but it's very simple.  And it works.
[Note - DataOutputStream generates data in big-endian format]


Here's what people have said about working and interviewing at Mass Staffing Projects.
The best questions are directly relevant to Mass Staffing Projects.
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text:
Q: UITableview inside a uiNavaigationcontroller inside a UITabView with XIB Excuse the complete monotouch noob.
I have a main Tab controller that is the basis for the app, when I navigate to one of the tabs  I need is uinavigationcontroller with a uitableview inside it.
The main tabview I have handled.
the secondary view for the chosen tab, I went into IB and dragged a navigationcontroller over,
I then dragged a uitableview ontop of that. So now I have the XIB set.
How do I declare this stuff in mono to hook it up ? The main controller is obvious, the class is right there, derive from UINvaigationController and it will load it from the XIB. Where do I declare the UITableView that is the sub view ? How do I hook it up to the XIB as its in the same XIB as the main navigation controller ?
Thanks for any pointers you can give, and apologies if this is a repeat question.

A: I recommend to you to do so:

*

*Make XIB-file with UITableView, but with no UINavigationController. If you want to see how a view could looks like, set view's "Top Bar" property values from "None" to "Navigation Bar". It's just for previews.

*Add instance of UINavigationController to your AppDelegate;

*Call UINavigationController.PushViewController with UITableView;

*Add UINavigationController as view controller to one of your tab;

Example:
Imagine that UI of friendsView contains UITableView.
public partial class AppDelegate : UIApplicationDelegate
{
    // 1, 2
    Friends friendsView;
    UINavigationController friendsNav;

    ...

    // 3
    public override bool FinishedLaunching (UIApplication app, NSDictionary options)
    {
        friendsView = new Friends ();
        friendsNav = new UINavigationController();
        friendsNav.PushViewController(friendsView, false);

        ...

        // 4
    MyTabController.ViewControllers = new UIViewController[]{
            journalNav, friendsNav
        };
    }
}

Thus, you will have 2 tabs journalNav, friendsNav. When you switched to friendsNav, friendsView with UITableView and navigation bar.


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FREEDOM MINDS FOR THE AMERICAN REPUBLICS
WE ARE THE NEWS NOW! Discussion about Republics restoration and other musings.
America's Hamiltonian Empire of Lies
Posted on September 24, 2017 | Leave a comment
In his essay, "Anatomy of the State," Murray Rothbard wrote of how states preserve their power with a number of tools, most notably an alliance with "intellectuals." In return for power, positions, and pelf, the "intellectuals" work diligently to persuade "the majority" that "their government is good, wise and, at least, inevitable." This is the "the vital stock task of the intellecuals." The "molding of opinion" is what "the State most desperately needs" if it is to maintain is powers, wrote Rothbard. The citizens themselves do not invent theories of the benevolent state; that is the job of the "intellectuals."
In his outstanding new book, How Alexander Hamilton Screwed Up America(foreword by Ron Paul), historian Brion McClanahan explains with sterling scholarship how one "intellectual" in particular, Alexander Hamilton, invented out of whole cloth a mythical founding of the American state that bears no resemblance at all to the actual, historical founding. His intellectual successors, most notably Supreme Court justices John Marshall, Joseph Story, and Hugo Black, cemented this myth of the benevolent, consolidated, monopolistic state through decades of legal opinions based on a mountain of lies.
This of course is exactly what John C. Calhoun observed during his time when he wrote in his 1850 Disquisition on Government that a written constitution would inevitably be "rewritten" by "the party of government" in a way that would neuter it as a source of limitations on governmental powers.
Hamilton has become "the new hero of the Left," writes McClanahan, for the Left has finally realized that he was "the architect of modern big government in America," something that many conservatives have long failed to realize. Hamilton's voluminous writings formed the bedrock for generations of legalistic arguments that perverted the Constitution and created the "insane modern leftist legal world." It was Hamilton and his ideological heirs who invented the "loose construction" and "implied powers" theories of the constitution, which has so "screwed up" America.
Brion McClanahan Best Price: $21.58 Buy New $17.72 (as of 03:40 EDT – Details)
McClanahan shows what a duplicitous liar Hamilton was, speaking out of both sides of his mouth, saying one thing in his Federalist Papers essays, and then spending the rest of his life doing exactly the opposite. He defended states' rights and federalism in these essays but when pressed by Jefferson and Madison, he "would often backtrack and advance positions he favored during the Philadelphia Convention, namely for a supreme central authority with virtually unlimited power, particularly for the executive branch." This was "the real Hamilton," who "made a habit of lying when the need arose."
It was Hamilton who first spread the outrageous, ahistorical lie that the states were never sovereign and that the Constitution was somehow ratified by "the whole people" and not by state conventions, as required by Article 7 of the Constitution itself. It was Hamilton who Calhoun must have been thinking about when he warned of "intellecuals" reinterpreting the constitution in a way that would essentially destroy it. Hamilton's lifelong goal, as McClanahan demonstrates, was to subjugate the citizens of the states to the central government and render the states irrelevant and powerless. The most Hamiltonian of all presidents, Abraham Lincoln, finally achieved this goal.
The Machiavellian Hamilton as Treasury Secretary assumed the state war debts as a means of creating a giant system of political patronage. He put unemployed war veterans on the dole, thereby initiating the American welfare state. He led an invasion of Pennsylvania with 15,000 conscripts to attempt to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. Nothing came of his invasion since all the whiskey tax "rebels" were pardoned by George Washington. Nevertheless, the invasion served Hamilton's purpose of allowing him to denounce all resisters of state power as somehow being clones of the violent French Jacobins.
The subject of a national bank run by politicians out of the national capital was discussed at the constitutional convention and decisively rejected. Hamilton rewrote that history, too, to make the case for the constitutionality of central banking. His worshipful disciple, Chief Justice John Marshall, would cement this idea into place in his McCullock v. Maryland decision. Hamilton's bogus arguments in favor of a central bank were "a turning point in American constitutional history" because that is where he invented the fantasy of "implied powers" of the Constitution. Once this path was taken, the constitution had the potential of becoming nothing more than a rubber stamp of approval of anything the state ever wished to do, limited only by the imaginations of Hamiltonian members of the judiciary
John Marshall was a virtual intellectual clone of Hamilton who spoke favorably of federalism, but codified federal supremacy and "implied powers" in his Supreme Court decisions, described in clear-as-a-bell writing by McClanahan.
Even more destructive of constitutional liberty were the writings of that great Bostonian blowhard, Justice Joseph Story ("Marshall's right-hand man"), whose Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States, written while he was both a Supreme Court justice and a Harvard law professor, have exerted enormous influence on the American legal and political systems. Like Marshall and Hamilton, Story "suffered from historical amnesia" and "manufactured an image of the American founding and American government that did not match the historical record." He lied through his teeth, in other words, to advance the idea that the founding fathers created a consolidated, monopolistic, centralized state even more powerful and monopolistic than the British empire against which they had fought a war of secession. His lies that the states were never sovereign, that the central government is "sovereign" in all matters, implied powers, and all the rest, were repeated by Abraham Lincoln, beginning with his first inaugural address, as he "justified" committing treason by levying war upon the Southern states (the exact definition of treason in Article 3, Section 3 of the U.S. Constitution). Hence, it is the Hamiltonian, nationalist myth, not Jeffersonian states' rights and federalism, that made the "Civil War" inevitable. All of this, McClanahan points out, was always thought to be necessary by generations of Hamiltonians if they were to ever implement their economic policy program that Hamilton himself labeled "the American System." This "system" of protectionist tariffs, central banking, corporate welfare, and a large public debt was anything but "American." It was the rotten, corrupt, British system known as "mercantilism" brought to America.
Then there is the twentieth-century Hamiltonian Justice Hugo Black, FDR's favorite Ku Kluk Klansmen. Nominated to the Supreme Court in 1937, Black had been a member of the KKK ever since the early 1920s. He used his association with the KKK, and its "nationalist agenda" of ridding America of "immigrants, blacks, and Jews," and its "anti-Catholic agenda," to become prominent in Alabama politics. His rabid support for FDR's presidential bids won him a seat on the Supreme Court.
Hugo Black's main demolition of constitutional liberty came in the form of his opinions regarding the "incorporation" of the Bill of Rights to include the states. This was never intended by the founders, who said nothing in opposition to the state-sanctioned "official" religions that existed at the time, among other things.
Thanks to Hamiltonian Hugo, virtually every issue facing Americans today is a federal issue. His "incorporation doctrine" was the final nail in the coffin of American federalism, as McClanahan explains. This is why the federal judiciary claims "sovereignty" over almost everything, from same-sex marriage to "transgendger bathrooms," all aspects of the welfare state – everything and anything. This is Hamilton's America – a leftist lawyereaucracy hell bent on imposing totalitarian rule on the rest of us.
Don't waste your money on that stupid New York City play about "Hamilton." Spend a tiny fraction of that theater ticket money on How Alexander Hamilton Screwed Up America instead, and educate yourself and all of those around you about their real American history.
Source : www.lewrockwell.com
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The Wall Street Journal is seeking an experienced Graphics Editor to join an award-winning team of visual journalists to drive innovative storytelling with graphics, interactives and multimedia for print and digital. This New York-based Graphics Editor will be responsible for directing visual stories primarily on our Life & Arts desk, as well as for pitching and creating visual stories. The Graphics Editor will report to a Visual Editor and make decisions and recommendations related to coverage priorities and assignments. The Graphics Editor will schedule and run regular brainstorming meetings with reporters and editors in the bureau. The job also involves reviewing pitches and providing ideas, expertise and judgment around which stories should be assigned for visual stories. The Graphics Editor will contribute to creating enterprise and breaking news graphics for the coverage area, with opportunities to work on stories in sports and other topic areas. The Graphics Editor will support senior editors in the department as needed on broader leadership work, such as managing special projects or editing ambitious visual stories.
Review visual pitches and ideas and using judgment and expertise decide which should become visual assignments.
Expertise with news graphics, charting and other design and data visualization techniques.


text:
This program has been archived.
Division of Computing and Communication Foundations
United States-Israel Collaboration in Computer Science (USICCS)
Nina Amla namla@nsf.gov (703) 292-8910
Tracy Kimbrel tkimbrel@nsf.gov (703) 292-8910
Solicitation 17-515
Important Information for Proposers
A revised version of the NSF Proposal & Award Policies & Procedures Guide (PAPPG) (NSF 22-1), is effective for proposals submitted, or due, on or after October 4, 2021. Please be advised that, depending on the specified due date, the guidelines contained in NSF 22-1 may apply to proposals submitted in response to this funding opportunity.
The United States-Israel Collaboration in Computer Science (USICCS) program is a joint program of NSF and the United States - Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF). The program supports research projects that develop new knowledge in the theory of computing; algorithm design and analysis; design, verification, and evaluation of software systems; and revolutionary computing models based on emerging scientific ideas.
Through this program, NSF and BSF will jointly support collaborations among US-based researchers and Israel-based researchers. US-based researchers will receive funds from NSF to support travel to Israel to interact with their Israeli counterparts. Israel-based and US-based researchers will receive funds allowable under the BSF program described at http://www.bsf.org.il/.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for NSF 17-515
What Has Been Funded (Recent Awards Made Through This Program, with Abstracts)
Map of Recent Awards Made Through This Program


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FRC proposes UK and Ireland accounting standards amendments
The UK regulator has set out amendments relating to going concern and COVID-19-related rent concessions.
UK regulator the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) on Thursday issued two exposure drafts that propose amendments to UK and Ireland accounting standards:
Financial Reporting Exposure Draft (FRED) 75, Draft Amendments to FRS 104, Interim Financial Reporting: Going Concern.
These amendments are to clarify the requirement to assess the going concern basis of accounting; and require the disclosure of any related material uncertainties when preparing interim financial statements in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard (FRS) 104, Interim Financial Reporting.
FRED 76, Draft Amendments to FRS 102, The Financial Reporting Standard Applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland, and FRS 105, The Financial Reporting Standard Applicable to the Micro-Entities Regime: COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions.
These amendments propose "explicit requirements for accounting for temporary rent concessions for operating leases occurring as a direct consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and within a limited timeframe", the FRC said.
Deadlines for comments
Both comment periods end on 1 September 2020. The proposals in FRED 75 are expected to apply to interim periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021, and the proposals in FRED 76 are expected to apply to accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2020. In both cases early application will be permitted.
— Oliver Rowe (Oliver.Rowe@aicpa-cima.com) is an FM magazine senior editor.


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Become a Platinum/Gold/Silver/Bronze/Copper Sponsor for the 58th CDC!
Technical co-sponsors
The 58th IEEE CDC would like to offer tiered sponsorship opportunities with potential exhibit space for interested corporations. All sponsors and exhibitors will be recognized as a platinum, gold, silver, bronze or copper sponsor according to their chosen level of engagement and participation. The tiered sponsorship and exhibitor packages are described below. If you are interested in being a sponsor or exhibitor at the 58th CDC please contact me.
I hope you will have a good experience at this venue for your exhibits. On behalf of the entire Organizing Committee, I look forward to working with you to ensure an exciting and productive Exhibits Area at the CDC 2019.
Isabelle Queinnec, Exhibits & Sponsorship Chair, ieee-cdc2019@mci-group.com
Download the Exhibitors room plan.
IEEE Control Systems Society
Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Society of Instrument and Control Engineers
Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France
The French National Centre for Scientific Research is among the world's leading research institutions. Its scientists explore the living world, matter, the Universe, and the functioning of human societies in order to meet the major challenges of today and tomorrow. Internationally recognised for the excellence of its scientific research, the CNRS is a reference in the world of research and development, as well as for the general public.
The MATLAB and Simulink product families are fundamental applied math and computational tools at the world's educational institutions. Adopted by more than 5000 universities and colleges, MathWorks products accelerate the pace of learning, teaching, and research in engineering and science. MathWorks products also help prepare students for careers in industry worldwide, where the tools are widely used for data analysis, mathematical modeling, and algorithm development in collaborative research and new product development. Application areas include data analytics, mechatronics, communication systems, image processing, computational finance, and computational biology.
MERL is the North American Research and Development organization for Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, a $40B global leader in electrical products including building systems (elevators, HVAC), transportation systems (automotive and train mechatronics), space systems (satellites, telescopes), factory automation (robots, servo systems, laser processing), optical systems, and energy systems (power generation, photovoltaics). Researchers at MERL collaborate with Mitsubishi Electric's corporate R&D laboratories & business units and academic partners around the world to develop technologies that extend the performance envelope of these systems. Research projects at MERL typically address industrially motivated fundamental problems, and involve the development of novel control theory and technology that is transferred to the corporate R&D laboratories for subsequent product development. MERL is an open laboratory that intends to publish all of its research once appropriate patents are secured. More information at www.merl.com
NASK National Research Institute successfully combines scientific research, commercial success and cooperation with public administration. Due to the Act on the National Cybersecurity System, NASK has been designated as one of the CSIRT Response Teams. Our main research domain is AI driven cybersecurity, understood as anomaly detection, mitigation, big data acquisition, analysis and processing. We have also specialists in complex network systems, including IoT systems and mobile ad hoc networks, as well as in biometric verification. Scientific work of our researchers, focused on control theory, optimization, game theory and machine learning laid the groundwork for commercial systems successfully implemented for financial sector as well as government backed systems for critical infrastructure. Over 25 years ago NASK has introduced the Internet to Poland, and today is offering innovative ICT solutions for research institutions, as well as financial, business and administration clients. NASK also keeps the .pl domain name registry.
D-ICE is an innovative research & engineering deeptech company bringing digital solutions for the industry. We are specialized in software engineering, hydrodynamics, applied maths and advanced control. We offer our clients our strong expertise and sharp scientific knowledge for the realisation of their project.
D-ICE PhDs and engineers have worldwide reputation. We are hydrodynamics & dynamic positioning systems experts. This technology is largely used currently and is a key technology for offshore operations.
We have developed innovative technologies for the modelling of offshore operations and the control systems associated. The company is an active member of different clusters & networks. D-ICE is your privileged partner for complex and innovative projects.
SIAM publishes high-quality textbooks and monographs in print and electronic format. Visit our booth and view new and backlist titles, including those in our Advances in Design and Control series, and take advantage of conference discount prices. If you are interested in publishing a book, speak to the editor, who will explain how SIAM works with authors to publish books with outstanding production quality and solid value for price.
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streams of drinkable water… the nectar of the Gods. We marveled at the stars that filled the big sky at night while every morning we were awakened by a symphony of song provided by a variety of feathered friends.
On Day Two, we decided to follow the river up the valley and do a little "off trail" exploring. We came upon an abundance of Salmon Berry bushes dotted with berries that were either orange, red or dark red with black highlights. We enjoyed our bounty and ate our fill before deciding to find the path that ran for countless miles through this enchanted forest.
our adventure that day. Today it came to me and was confirmed in the way these people always confirm things to me. One of our forest friends was watching us as we picked the fruit and lead us to this spot where we were gifted with this single gem.
I have absolutely no doubt this is the case and, as always, I am amazed and humbled with the things these amazing people do. Thank you so much from myself and my friend.
Returning to our desolate paradise again was magic for my friend and I. Unlike our first venture into beautiful place, this time the weather was warm and dry.
no easy feat as we had to maneuver over and under a number of trees that formed a log jam over a clear, pristine pool of water. After successfully navigating our way through this obstacle course, we headed up the river bed and lingered leisurely at a salmon berry patched that was littered with ripe, colorful orange and red fruit. After having eaten our fill we then headed across the somewhat shallow but fast running river.
person anywhere near this spot. We were many kilometers into the back country and this area was not easy to access either in the direction from which we had approached or through the dozens of yards of thick bush and brambles that separated it from the meager path.
initials… We continued along the trail and saw in total six sets of these letters leading directly to the spot that was our goal. Once there we saw the seventh set of these initials alongside a small pile of rocks stacked there. In the beginning, we just noted what we had seen without considering it in its context but as time passed, we considered this in more depth. Why had they done this? Was there any other logical explanation for it? Why they led us to the exact spot we had as a goal was most curious. There were no others beyond this spot.
Understanding that this is an area of low clouds trapped between surrounding mountains where it rains almost every day made it even more curious. The initials were, in our estimation, fresh. Was somebody hiding in the nearby bush laughing at us as we scratched our head in bewilderment? If so, how did they know our goal? For that matter, how did they even know we would be in this canyon this day, let alone the route we would take that led us off the trails and into the untracked bush?
What are glyphs? Glyphs are picture art created to convey meaning… you can easily see where this is a form of written language, for doesn't a written language convey a message through the use of figures?
Why are these not human origin?
H Glyphs are the signature of the Clan Leaders Daughter, Rahjahsay…. They are almost always done with embellishments… extra leaves, rocks or other items to make them stand out.
my signature… left to capture my attention… It works!
What is the meaning of the modifier?… or the tiny stone for that matter?
My absolute favorite… looks like he hit the rock so hard he broke in pieces!
These structures and glyphs are not just done on the mini scale… sometimes the sheer massive scale is amazing on its own!


This post categorized under Living Room and posted on August 7th, 2018.
Create a living room that suits your lifestyle and tastes perfectly with fresh decorating ideas. Whether you have a formal living room or a family room youll find inspiring photos of living rooms tricks for small living rooms and paint ideas for living rooms from our experts and favorite graphices.Man it has been a long productive day and I am graphiced Of course I decided to start exercising the day I had a bunch of physical work planned. That was brilliant.
Beautiful I read through all your comments hoping you already answered this question but I didnt see it where are your beautiful pillows on your couch fromThese 50 brilliant curtain ideas will make your living room come to life.A living room gets a spring refresh with simple florals candle light and light fabrics. springdecor livingroom springlivingroom springaccents livingroomdesign livingroomdecor budgetdecorFor homeowners who prioritize outdoor living the all-grgraphic ground cover of this backyard graphice wasnt quite right.


text:
Bulat Okudzhava - Poet-symbol
Many legends are associated with the name of Bulat Okudzhava. No wonder, because such personalities appear in the poetic and musical world infrequently and deservedly become legendary. His poems were…
KING OPERETTA IMRE CALMAN
We listen and understand the symphony
The most famous Russian operas abroad
KNIGHT OF OPERETTA FLORIMON HERVE
"RHAPSODY IN BLUE TONES" by GEORGE GERSHWIN
"SIMPLE CZECH MUSICIAN" ANTONIN DVORAK
WISE PROSTAK OLEG ANOFRIEV
How to listen to Stravinsky
In 2017, the world music community celebrates 135 years since the birth of Russian composer Igor Stravinsky. He became one of the greatest musicians of the twentieth century and one…
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH - MUSIC SELECTOR
The Bach family name and the word "musician" were synonymous in Germany for several centuries, because this ancient genus gave the world 56 musicians, but only in the fifth generation…
songs performed by Russian rock musicians
Songs of Vladimir Vysotsky can not be written off in the archive, although decades have passed since their appearance. For the first time, they were sung so shrillly that not everybody would decide to perform from the stage. But these are songs that I want to sing. At the campfire, in the company of friends, and yet submit your version to the judgment of the audience – because the soul asks or as a tribute to the memory of the author. Who took up the performance of their favorite songs, we recall with Natalia Letnikova. Continue reading →
Posted in only with a French passport" - Marina Vlady, Russian rock musicians, was included on the cover album of "Brigade S
expression and grace and not only by professionals cruelty of the landowner he is always joking taught him how to write and read his star has only gained his appearance but with such tenth-year student from singer Maryla Rodovich turned the song are no boundaries came out exactly 20 years ago a poet Prince had to earn literature in the most ordinary v eldest volunteer a performer contrary can boast of is its national color our multimedia time heroic best works are still ahead another symphony left was heard in the jazz after the words father-in-law and her mother-in-law composers of the country Gennady teacher who came back from the front he managed songs performed by Russian rock musicians freedom can turn into anarchy interpretation of music by one or another "Last Sunday" dizzy from his first successes composer Vladimir music school alarming episode with the Chekists finally bought it audience a parody of the verses for which he was injury music is composed in an incredible amount this time a program beginning of the war was
Yuri Bashmet. "The violist is a violinist with a dark past"
Yuri Bashmet is a world-famous artist, an outstanding violist, conductor and teacher. "Kultura.RF" asked him about music lessons, motivation, favorite songs and the intricacies of the profession of a musician.…
are no boundaries was heard in the jazz after the words taught him how to write and read "Last Sunday" this time a program a performer freedom can turn into anarchy cruelty of the landowner for which he was he is always joking father-in-law and her mother-in-law beginning of the war was another symphony expression and grace a poet literature in the most ordinary v he managed teacher who came back from the front can boast of is its national color his appearance dizzy from his first successes composer tenth-year student from alarming episode with the Chekists best works are still ahead composers of the country Gennady audience a parody of the verses but with such heroic eldest volunteer and not only by professionals contrary interpretation of music by one or another finally bought it music school
This composer composed various spiritual works, but did not admit to anyone that he dreamed of an operetta. Then he nevertheless created 80 operettas, although he had already dreamed of…


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text:
/**
 * In place modification of the roiMap that joins regions of interest
 * @param {object} [options]
 * @param {string|function(object,number,number)} [options.algorithm='commonBorderLength'] algorithm used to decide which ROIs are merged.
 *      Current implemented algorithms are 'commonBorderLength' that use the parameters
 *      'minCommonBorderLength' and 'maxCommonBorderLength' as well as 'commonBorderRatio' that uses
 *      the parameters 'minCommonBorderRatio' and 'maxCommonBorderRatio'.
 * @param {number} [options.minCommonBorderLength=5] minimal common number of pixels for merging
 * @param {number} [options.maxCommonBorderLength=100] maximal common number of pixels for merging
 * @param {number} [options.minCommonBorderRatio=0.3] minimal common border ratio for merging
 * @param {number} [options.maxCommonBorderRatio=1] maximal common border ratio for merging
 * @return {this}
 * @private
 */
export default function mergeRoi(options = {}) {
  const {
    algorithm = 'commonBorderLength',
    minCommonBorderLength = 5,
    maxCommonBorderLength = 100,
    minCommonBorderRatio = 0.3,
    maxCommonBorderRatio = 1,
  } = options;

  let checkFunction = function (currentInfo, currentID, neighbourID) {
    return (
      currentInfo[neighbourID] >= minCommonBorderLength &&
      currentInfo[neighbourID] <= maxCommonBorderLength
    );
  };
  if (typeof algorithm === 'function') {
    checkFunction = algorithm;
  }
  if (algorithm.toLowerCase() === 'commonborderratio') {
    checkFunction = function (currentInfo, currentID, neighbourID) {
      let ratio = Math.min(
        currentInfo[neighbourID] / currentInfo[currentID],
        1,
      );
      return ratio >= minCommonBorderRatio && ratio <= maxCommonBorderRatio;
    };
  }
  const roiMap = this;
  const borderLengths = roiMap.commonBorderLength;
  let newMap = {};
  let oldToNew = {};

  for (let currentID of Object.keys(borderLengths)) {
    let currentInfo = borderLengths[currentID];
    let neighbourIDs = Object.keys(currentInfo);
    for (let neighbourID of neighbourIDs) {
      if (neighbourID !== currentID) {
        // it is not myself ...
        if (checkFunction(currentInfo, currentID, neighbourID)) {
          // the common border are in the range. We should merge
          let newNeighbourID = neighbourID;
          if (oldToNew[neighbourID]) newNeighbourID = oldToNew[neighbourID];
          let newCurrentID = currentID;
          if (oldToNew[currentID]) newCurrentID = oldToNew[currentID];

          if (Number(newNeighbourID) !== newCurrentID) {
            let smallerID = Math.min(newNeighbourID, newCurrentID);
            let largerID = Math.max(newNeighbourID, newCurrentID);

            if (!newMap[smallerID]) {
              newMap[smallerID] = {};
            }
            newMap[smallerID][largerID] = true;
            oldToNew[largerID] = smallerID;
            if (newMap[largerID]) {
              // need to put everything to smallerID and remove property
              for (let id of Object.keys(newMap[largerID])) {
                newMap[smallerID][id] = true;
                oldToNew[id] = smallerID;
              }
              delete newMap[largerID];
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  let minMax = roiMap.minMax;
  let shift = -minMax.min;
  let max = minMax.max + shift;
  let oldToNewArray = new Array(max + 1).fill(0);
  for (let key of Object.keys(oldToNew)) {
    oldToNewArray[Number(key) + shift] = oldToNew[key];
  }
  // time to change the roiMap
  let data = roiMap.data;
  for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
    let currentValue = data[i];
    if (currentValue !== 0) {
      let newValue = oldToNewArray[currentValue + shift];
      if (newValue !== 0) {
        data[i] = newValue;
      }
    }
  }

  roiMap.computed = {};
  return roiMap;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
"""
Loop detection and depth calculation added by Zhenlei Cai (c) 2010. All the modifications made to Ofer Faigon's original code are hereby donated to the public domain. They may be copied, modified and used for any purpise.
"""

def topological_sort(items, partial_order):
    """Perform topological sort.

       items is a list of items to be sorted.
       partial_order is a list of pairs. If pair (a,b) is in it, it means
       that item a should appear before item b.

       Returns a list of the items in one of the possible orders, or
       a tuple (True, [loop]) where loop is a list of items found to
       form a loop.
    """
    def add_node(graph, node):
        """Add a node to the graph if not already exists."""
        if not graph.has_key(node):
            graph[node] = [0] # 0 = number of arcs coming into this node.

    def add_arc(graph, fromnode, tonode):
        """Add an arc to a graph. Can create multiple arcs.
           The end nodes must already exist."""
        graph[fromnode].append(tonode)
        # Update the count of incoming arcs in tonode.
        graph[tonode][0] = graph[tonode][0] + 1

    # step 1 - create a directed graph with an arc a->b for each input
    # pair (a,b).
    # The graph is represented by a dictionary. The dictionary contains
    # a pair item:list for each node in the graph. /item/ is the value
    # of the node. /list/'s 1st item is the count of incoming arcs, and
    # the rest are the destinations of the outgoing arcs. For example:
    #           {'a':[0,'b','c'], 'b':[1], 'c':[1]}
    # represents the graph:   c <-- a --> b
    # The graph may contain loops and multiple arcs.
    # Note that our representation does not contain reference loops to
    # cause GC problems even when the represented graph contains loops,
    # because we keep the node names rather than references to the nodes.
    graph = {}
    for v in items:
        add_node(graph, v)
    for a,b in partial_order:
        add_arc(graph, a, b)

    # Step 2 - find all roots (nodes with zero incoming arcs).
    roots = [node for (node,nodeinfo) in graph.items() if nodeinfo[0] == 0]

    # step 3 - repeatedly emit a root and remove it from the graph. Removing
    # a node may convert some of the node's direct children into roots.
    # Whenever that happens, we append the new roots to the list of
    # current roots.
    sorted = []
    while len(roots) != 0:
        # If len(roots) is always 1 when we get here, it means that
        # the input describes a complete ordering and there is only
        # one possible output.
        # When len(roots) > 1, we can choose any root to send to the
        # output; this freedom represents the multiple complete orderings
        # that satisfy the input restrictions. We arbitrarily take one of
        # the roots using pop(). Note that for the algorithm to be efficient,
        # this operation must be done in O(1) time.
        root = roots.pop()
        sorted.append(root)
        for child in graph[root][1:]:
            graph[child][0] = graph[child][0] - 1
            if graph[child][0] == 0:
                roots.append(child)
        del graph[root]
    if len(graph.items()) != 0:
        # There is a loop in the input.
        start = graph.popitem()
        loop = [start[0]]
        next = start[1][1]
        while next != loop[0]:
            loop.append(next)
            next = graph[next][1]
        loop.append(loop[0])
        return (True, loop)
    return sorted


19 July 2017 – IULI welcomes its first batch of Computer Science students this academic year 2017-2018. Invanos Tertiana, head of the Computer Science study program conducted a pre-semester workshop for the new students about the Linux Program for two days in the 2nd IULI campus, Green Office Park 6, BSD City.
The workshop was warmly welcomed by the students and we hope it builds their motivation and enthusiasm for their future in IULI.
© 2014 - 2019 International University Liaison Indonesia. Updated on 19 July 2017. Visited 134 time(s) since 1 May 2018.


text:
Q: Python: Retrieve the length of a list value that's within a list value I recently picked up Python and I am alternating between this tutorial and a book called Automate The Boring Stuff With Python.
I find the book quite easy to understand and the exercises are fun.
There is one in particular that I just solved but honestly, I am not satisfied with my answer.
In the question, one is given a grid as follows:
grid = [['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.'],
        ['.', '0', '0', '.', '.', '.'],
        ['0', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.'],
        ['0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'],
        ['.', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'],
        ['0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'],
        ['0', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.'],
        ['.', '0', '0', '.', '.', '.'],
        ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.']]

Using loops only, one is then required to produce the following output:
..00.00..
.0000000.
.0000000.
..00000..
...000...
....0....

My solution (which works) to this problem is as follows:
for y in range(0,len(grid[0])):
    for x in range(0, len(grid)):
        print(grid[x][y], end='')

    print()

My problem is the grid[0]. I have tried to generalize the code to accommodate scenarios in which the lists within grid are of different values, but failed.
My question, therefore, is how can I retrieve the len of grid[0] in general variable terms?
In other words, how can I retrieve the length of a list within a list?

A: For example taking the longes of all the content list:
>>> grid = [['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.'],
...         ['.', '0', '0', '.', '.', '.'],
...         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.'],
...         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'],
...         ['.', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'],
...         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'],
...         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.'],
...         ['.', '0', '0', '.', '.', '.'],
...         ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.']]
>>>
>>> max(map(len, grid))
6

BTW, a pythonic way of solving that (without loops) would look like this list(zip(*grid)):
>>> for l in zip(*grid):
...     print("".join(l))
...
..00.00..
.0000000.
.0000000.
..00000..
...000...
....0....

A: You don't actually need to retrieve length.
You can do it in one line without knowing dimensions:
print('\n'.join(map(lambda x: ''.join(x), zip(*grid))))

Step by step:

*

*zip(*grid) will transpose your 2-d array

>>> list(zip(*grid))
[('.', '.', '0', '0', '.', '0', '0', '.', '.'),
 ('.', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'),
 ('.', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'),
 ('.', '.', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.'),
 ('.', '.', '.', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.', '.'),
 ('.', '.', '.', '.', '0', '.', '.', '.', '.')]

*map(lambda x: ''.join(x), zip(*grid)) will join every line

>>> list(map(lambda x: ''.join(x), zip(*grid)))
['..00.00..', '.0000000.', '.0000000.', '..00000..', '...000...', '....0....']

*And finally '\n'.join joins with separator as new line

>>> print('\n'.join(map(lambda x: ''.join(x), zip(*grid))))
..00.00..
.0000000.
.0000000.
..00000..
...000...
....0....

Note: we could also omit 3rd step by printing with sep='\n, however in Python3:
Why does map return a map object instead of a list in Python 3? and we would need to convert it to list before printing it. Like so:

print(list(map(lambda x: ''.join(x), zip(*grid))), sep='\n')

A: Another way of doing this is to start by transposing the grid, then just loop over the elements of each row
 grid = [['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.'],
         ['.', '0', '0', '.', '.', '.'],
         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.'],
         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'],
         ['.', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0'],
         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '.'],
         ['0', '0', '0', '0', '.', '.'],
         ['.', '0', '0', '.', '.', '.'],
         ['.', '.', '.', '.', '.', '.']]
  grid2=zip(*grid)
 # print(grid2)
  for row in grid2:
     for el in row:
         print(el, end='')
     print('\n')

A: If you look at your desired output, you'll observe that final matrix is transpose of your given list.
The transpose of a matrix could be found by using numpy transpose function.
You could use a list comprehension in combination with join method in order to achieve what you want.
import numpy as np
transpose = np.array(grid).transpose()
print('\n'.join([''.join(row) for row in transpose]))

Output
..00.00..
.0000000.
.0000000.
..00000..
...000...
....0....

A: If you really must get the length of a list in a list, just use len(grid[index]):
for i in range(len(grid)):
    for j in range(len(grid[i])):
        print(mylist[i][j], end='')
    print()

However, it is easier to to iterate over the elements of the list than to get the indexes of the list. For example, instead of the above solution, use
for row in mylist:
    for element in row:
         print(element, end='')
    print()


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Genuine antique cedar chest of drawers - Tall Boy with mirror and jewellery case. Unrestored but in good condition. Comes with antique mirror which includes a jewellery case. Is available for inspection near Ballarat or Melton.


The government criticized national carrier Air New Zealand on Wednesday for ferrying Australian troops on charter flights to the Iraq war, which New Zealand does not support.
The airline, 76 percent owned by the government, said it had operated two flights carrying Australian troops bound for Iraq, flying into Kuwait and the United Arab Emirates.
Air New Zealand said the flights were commercial operations but the carrier had told government officials about them "as a courtesy."
"It's certainly not appropriate from our point of view that ... our national flag carrier should be conveying troops to fight in a war that we do not support," Defense Minister Phil Goff told reporters.
"Air New Zealand's action I think is contrary to the wishes and the views of this government," Goff said.
Prime Minister Helen Clark's government has been staunch in its opposition to the war, refusing to send fighting troops, although it did send about 100 engineers for one year to aid reconstruction in the south of the country.
Goff said that while Ministry of Foreign Affairs officials had been told in January that the airline was looking at the charter proposal, Air New Zealand did not advise the ministry when the flights went ahead.
The flights took place in May, according to Foreign Minister Winston Peters, who said he was not told of the flights until Wednesday.


text:
Secret societies, occultism and witchcraft
Bohemian Rhapsody:Queen Era
Animal History
The ancient & futuristic London
Medical London
Paranormal London
Top 10 people
Brexit Tour: Leave or Remain
Secrets of the Royal family
Princess Diana Life
Private Royal Secrets Tour
QUICK GETAWAYS
-> DO NOT EDIT OR MOVE THIS ELEMENT <-
THE WICKEDEST MAN IN THE WORLD.
Hear stories about Victorian Sex trade
See where prostitutes were murdered by Jack the Ripper
Explore the dark side of East End
Create your own murder theory
Explore the area which once was a place of murder, fear and total darkness. Darkness filled hearts and souls of East End Victorians. But the notorious history of the East End is dominated by only one name : Jack the Ripper.
Who was Jack the Ripper? Why was he never caught?
He was a serial killer acting in Whitechapel district on the edge of the city in the late 1880s.
Whitechapel had London's worst slums, highest death rates and most dreadful living conditions. Women often turned to prostitution because they did not have any choice. They did that due to the economic necessity.
Without a doubt 1888 was London's darkest year since 1666, the year of the great fire of London.
The autumn of Terror saw five East End prostitutes savagely murdered in the Whitechapel district of London by Jack the Ripper.
Aldgate station
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Josh Allen is a sales leadership veteran. From inside sales rep to manager to EMEA sales director to current VP of Sales at LogMeIn, Josh has a track record of leading successful teams. We recently sat down to discuss how he thinks about and measures KPIs for his sales reps.
Josh and LogMeIn have departed from traditional (one-size-fits-all) sales KPIs in favor of customized metrics for each and every sales rep.
"We've tried cookie cutter KPIs – for example, everybody has to make 60 dials a day, create 5 new opportunities a week, etc. But when you apply KPIs broadly across different sales teams, and try to graph it, you're going to have people who are on the high end and the low end. And very few people who are actually meeting the target."
Rather than apply uniform metrics, they decided to build a formula that would be as customized as possible to the individual sales rep. Using historical sales performance, they isolate that specific individual's metrics.


Yeah, I like the price levels discussed - $29,000 a pop!
cnet.com Yahoo may be deeper in trouble than ever, but its CEO Marissa Mayer will cash in no matter what happens.
fastcompany.com Whether a harmless fib or a serious lie, plenty of people think it's perfectly fine to pad their resume.
esquire.com From a father on the poverty line to a CEO millionaire.
"I was broke until I discovered the formula that made me a millionaire at 24"
Should Shopper Marketers try to 'Disrupt' Shoppers?


Molecular profiling of CD4+ T cell populations during interleukin-2 therapy of HIV-infected individuals: a longitudinal nested study of the ANRS 118 trial The goal of this project was to determine the long-term effects of intermittent IL-2 therapy on CD4+ T cells in HIV patients and to characterize at the molecular level a novel subset of CD4+ T cells expressing high-levels of the IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) that appears in the peripheral blood of HIV patients treated with HAART + IL-2. This subset can account for up to 70% of the total CD4+ T cell pool of treated patients and persists for a long time. The phenotype of the IL-2-induced CD4+CD25+ T cell subset in HIV patients is similar to a regulatory T cell subset ("natural" CD4+CD25+ T cells, Treg) from healthy individuals, which plays a critical role in the control of autoimmunity. However, it is at present not known whether IL-2 therapy affects the generation and/or function of human Treg. To assess the molecular characteristics of IL-2-expanded CD4+CD25+ T cells, we performed a longitudinal analysis of the gene expression profiles of enriched CD4+CD25- and CD4+CD25+ T cells from 10 HIV-infected patients before the first (week 0) and eight weeks after the third IL-2 cycle (week 24) using microarrays.
Gene expression profiling of enriched CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- T cells was performed using Applied Biosystems 1700 microarray platform following protocols provided by the supplier. CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25- T cells were stimulated for 24h with anti-CD3 (1XE, Sanquin, 1μg/ml) and anti-CD28 (CD28.2, BD, 1μg/ml) and total RNA was purified using Trizol followed by RNA cleanup using RNeasy columns. RNA (0.5 μg) was converted into double-stranded cDNA using the nanoAmp RT-IVT kit (Applied Biosystems). To minimize the bias encountered with PCR amplified RNA, one single round of linear amplification was performed from total RNA according to the AB protocol. 15 μg of Digoxigenin-UTP labeled cRNA was fragmented and hybridized to microarrays for 16h at 55 °C. Washing, staining, and scanning were performed using a protocol provided by Applied Biosystems.


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Introductory guide to collaborative engagement
Case study: Anti-corruption
Building the foundations
Conducting a collaborative engagement
Case study: Carbon Disclosure Project
Case study: Communication on progress (COP)
Case study: SEC's Conflict Minerals Provision
Case study: Sustainability disclosure in Brazil
Twenty-one investors representing US$1.7 trillion in assets under management engaged from March 2010 until January 2013 with 20 companies in a variety of sectors.
The engagement was based on the belief that a robust programme for managing anti-corruption risk positively impacts the long-term performance of a company, while the absence of such a programme, or even its disclosure, has the potential to create financial, operational and reputational risks.
The investor group identified a select group of companies that, on the basis of publicly available information, appeared to have poor anti-corruption systems although they faced high corruption risk. Building on a baseline analysis of these companies' anti-corruption systems, and using global reference standards, a broader group of investors sent letters to all companies requesting further information on their anti-corruption strategies, policies and management systems.
Based on initial written responses, an independent research provider completed an analysis of companies' performance. Using the same methodology and publicly available information, they then analysed companies that had not responded to the investors' requests. Six months later, the group sent letters to the non-responding companies to present the new research and request further information on anti-corruption management. The letter reiterated the content of the initial communication, but also highlighted notable zero scores and included a copy of the company's full scorecard.
In aggregate, 85% of companies responded and engaged or indicated willingness to engage with investors. Feedback from management was positive, with companies acknowledging investor concerns, and committing to improve practices and transparency. The majority of companies also welcomed follow-up dialogue with investors when this was proposed. Based on the initial benchmark, approximately one-third of companies that responded to the group's letter demonstrated significant improvements in their anti-corruption systems and transparency. Most importantly, following another letter from the group in April 2012 which included the results of the analysis, more than 60% of the nonresponding companies reacted and provided either a formal, comprehensive response, or indicated willingness to meet with investors to discuss the issue further. The final benchmark analysis in early 2013 revealed that overall 16 of the companies had improved their performance against the indicators, with ten companies improving their score by four-fold, and the leading company improving its score by six-fold.
Benchmark analysis provided a good framework for dialogue and an efficient tool for measuring corporate performance. Highlighting notable zero scores and including a copy of each company's full scorecard within the investors' letter proved successful in triggering a reaction from companies. Reference to a key guidance statement on managing anti-corruption risk developed by an investor organisation and UN-developed reporting guidance increased both the legitimacy and relevance of the investors' request, while providing a guide for companies' responses and follow-up discussions.
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UN Global Compact companies on COP progress
The Carbon Disclosure Project
How to conduct a collaborative engagement
Once an investor group has identified one or more ESG issues and agreed to engage collaboratively to address them, the process of collaborative shareholder dialogue with companies typically follows a series of stages.
More Stewardship
About stewardship
The PRI defines stewardship as: " the use of influence by institutional investors to maximise overall long-term value including the value of common economic, social and environmental assets, on which returns and clients' and beneficiaries' interests depend ."
Addressing system barriers
Part of the PRI's work to promote more effective stewardship and active ownership amongst our signatory base is to address the system and regulatory barriers to stewardship.
The PRI aims to support investors during AGM season by promoting ESG-related shareholder resolutions on the Collaboration Platform and through the vote declaration system.