The cosine power filter allow to apply a convolution with a cosine power (can be call Phong) lobe on the cubemap. There is two methods to generate cosine power values for each PMREM's mipmaps. Drop and Mipmap. The one to choose depends on you and your engine.
With the value power drop on mip you can control how fast the cosine power use for convolving each mipmap of the cubemap is decreasing. The radiance come from the fact that cubemap texel store radiance (the incoming lighting).
– Load the base cubemap you want to process ( The loaded cubemap should be HDR (and so in linear space) for best result).
– Chose an output cube texture resolution, we will use 128.
– Chose cosine power filter as filter type.
– Set a value in cosine power edit box. This value will represent the maximum specular power (cosine power and specular power are same thing) you allow for material interacting with this PMREM. We will use 2048 here.
– Chose a power drop on mip, we will use 0.25.
– Click on filter cubemap.
2048; 512; 128; 32; 8; 2; 0.5; 0.125.
The left cross is the loaded cubemap, other are the PMREM, only 5 mipmaps are displayed due to their size (and cubemapgen badly export such crossmap).
There is several way to use such a PMREM in a shader, here I will present you one but remember that you can do as you want.
MaximunSpecularPower is the value set in cosine power edit box.
PowerDropOnMip is the value set in power drop on mip.
SpecularPower is the specular power of the material evaluated in the shader.
This match our constraint well.
Disclaimer: Log(0) is undefined. You may want to add an epsilon to avoid this case. This will generate a high MipmapIndex for 0 but this will still correct as the mipmap sampled can't be greater than number of mipmap (n).
In this mode, the cosine power value and its decrease are control by NumMipmap, Gloss scale and Gloss bias values. Gloss scale and Gloss bias refer to two parameters commonly used when decompressing gloss value to specular power in game engine (See Adopting a physically based shading model for an example).
2048; 512; 128; 32; 8; 2.
There is several way to generate the PMREM. Default Cubemapgen behavior is to process the current mipmap with the previous mipmap as input. I made an exception for the cosine power filter which always use the base cubemap as input. This improve the quality but slow the process.
When enabled, this option will not modify the base mipmap of the PMREM. Mean you have no filtering applyed. But others mipmaps still convolve normally with the right specular power.
Lighting model selection should be used when modified Cubemapgen use cosine power filter and the choice depends on your game lighting equation. If you used a normalized Phong lighting in your game, i.e , chose Phong. If you use a normalized Phong BRDF lighting in your game , i.e you should chose Phong BRDF. Same for Blinn and Blinn BRDF. For more details on physically based lighting model check Adopting a physically based shading model. To understand the disappear of in following code see PI or not to PI in game lighting equation.
Actually, for performance reason, only Phong highlight shape can be prefiltered in cubemapgen. The Blinn lighting model is approximate by fitting its highlight shape to a Phong highlight shape. The fitting process is just a modification of the cosine power at the filtering step. Note that you will not be able to match the elongated highlight shape the Blinn lighting model can provide at grazing angle, the fitting only concern the size of the spot highlight shape.
Other BRDF can't be represented with PMREM generated by Cubemapgen.
A cosine power of 0 with a cosine power filter and Phong BRDF will produce an irradiance cubemap.
A cosine power of 1 with a cosine power filter and Phong will produce an irradiance cubemap.
Even if result are subtils, Warp and Bent always perform better or equal than old edge fixup method and don't depends on Width. It is recommanded to not used old AMD Cubemapgen edge fixup method anymore.
Result of strecht method is not show here. The stretch method purpose is to be used with a specific shader code which allow to fix the seams at runtime as describe by Ignacio Castaño in  . Reader should refer to the article for details. If the shader code is not used, the result is less good than with the Warp or Bent method.
Sadly, this code require many instructions: max, exp2, sne, mad, lots of mul and mov representing 4 cycles on PS3.
The shader code work well with the Warp method too.
To know the output radiance at a given point, we must compute this integral. If the object is perfectly specular (a mirror), a single texel of the cubemap will be required to lit the point. However for glossy or diffuse object, a lot more texels are required. This is a computationally intensive process.
To speed the runtime evaluation, we precompute the integral above and store the result in a cubemap. If we use a Lambertian BRDF for , we get an irradiance environment map. If we use a Phong or Phong BRDF, we get a PMREM. A PMREM store the reflected light instead of the incoming radiance and is defined for one particular glossiness value.
and apply other part of the BRDF (if any, like Fresnel, visibility term) at runtime. Remark that I apply the normalized Phong BRDF as a sample, but you can use normalized Phong depends on your game lighting equation.
The new features added to Cubemapgen allow to generate such a PMREM. The Phong BRDF option allows to specify if you want used a Phong BRDF of just a Phong as lobe shape. Cubemapgen will apply the normalized factor of Phong or Phong BRDF automatically at the PMREM generation, so you don't need to apply them at runtime.
It is usual in a game to approximate distant diffuse lighting with an irradiance environment map. This subject has been covered by many and will not be discuss here. The common speed-up today to perform an irradiance environment map is to capture a cubemap, project it in spherical harmonic (SH), apply the cosine convolution then recreate a cubemap from the SH coefficient. This was describe first in . A Gpu approach is also describe in .
Cubemapgen apply the energy conserving factor linked to the filter type in the cubemap result. This mean that for irradiance cubemap you don't need to divide irradiance to radiance (The factor ) and for prefiltered radiance environment map you don't need to deal with the or factor.
Source code for this modified Cubemapgen are submit on the google code repository http://code.google.com/p/cubemapgen/ which can be browse online. All changed from the original source code are tagged with BEGIN / END. As seeing code often help to the understanding of features, here is some implementation details.
* This formula is from Manne Öhrström's thesis.
* surface of the sphere.
//scale up to [-1, 1] range (inclusive), offset by 0.5 to point to texel center.
// U and V are the -1..1 texture coordinate on the current face.
Detailed derivation of this result by Rory Driscoll can be found here .
(a_MCO.LightingModel == CP_LIGHTINGMODEL_BLINN || a_MCO.LightingModel == CP_LIGHTINGMODEL_BLINN_BRDF) ?
// Here we decide if we use a Phong or a Phong BRDF.
// so just adding one to specularpower do the trick.
The IsPhongBRDF is defined to 1 when PhongBRDF or BlinnBRDF option is enabled and 0 else. As you can see, the added dot(N, L) is factored in the pow.
Normally, we should go through half texels of the cubemap, as describe by the integral in theory section, to compute a value (Base Filter Angle of 180). To speed up the process I calc a BaseFilterAngle based on the specular power which allow to discard insignificant part (Thanks to Ignacio Castaño again for this optimized version).
But with very high value in the HDR cubemap, this can bias the result.
For irradiance cubemap I use spherical harmonics(SH) order 5 which mean 25 coefficients. SH order 3 on my test can introduce little error with some HDR cubemaps.
The normalization factor to apply is calculated numerically in Cubemapgen.
Derivation of this result can be found in . As you can see, when we calculate an irradiance cubemap, we divide the result by PI, which is what we expect.
Each numerical integration for Phong and Phong BRDF will match the analytic integration we done to calculate the energy conserving factor of Phong or Phong BRDF : and . Derivation of this result can be found in . So Cubemapgen is energy conserving at the source!
The Bent edge fixup is my interpretation of the work done by TriAce research . The algorithm is describe on slide titled "Bent Phong Filter Kernel". The slides are actually in Japanese but an english version is available on the TriAce's web site.
The goal here is not to blend color like in classic AMD edge fixup but to blend normal instead. Warp do this too and this is why these two new methods provide better results.
The algorithm defined an offset angle which will be used to bent the vector from cubemap center to texel center away from the face normal. To get the offset angle, we define a target angle as the angle between the vector from cubemap center to face edge and vector from cubemap center to edge texel . The offset angle is the value linearly interpolate from 0 to target angle based on distance from cubemap center. This allow to have stronger effect at edge and no effect near cubemap center. There is some tweak added to reduced the contribution of the target angle based on cubemap resolution. I chose to perform this code on texel coordinate rather than change normal later like the Warp method. However contrary to Warp, Bent perform a linear interpolation in spherical domain.
// Get angle between face normal and current normal. Used to push the normal away from face normal.
The Stretch edge fixup method of ModifiedCubemapgen is based on NVTT implementation .
// transform from [0..res - 1] to [-1 .. 1], match up edges exactly.
The last 1x1x6 mipmap of the mipmap chain is the average of the 6 face in both method.
thanks for this great series of posts about PBR and for sharing your CubeMapGen updates.
Looking at the sources, there's one thing I'm wondering about. The cosine power filter is only applied to the top mip and a regular cosine filter is used for the subsequent levels. There is an option CosinePowerOnMipmapChain but it does not seem to do anything. Is there a specific reason for that behavior?
You right about the cosinus power applyed only on top mip. To be useful, the whole mipmap chain should use a cosinus power filter. First, I planed to update CubeMapGen with a cosinus power mipmap chain generation option like what I do in my project (see previous post). This is what you read in the source code but I remove the implementation. The reasons is that I wanted to test different ways of generating the mipmap chain (like the Tri-Ace method) and compare quality before delivering it in CubeMapGen. I will definitely add this option in a future update, I only miss time for now :).
I update the post to version 1.65.
Two new edge fixup method are discuss and PhongBRDF checkbox has been replaced by lighting model combobox.
All this is discuss in new section call edge fixup (in usage and implementation) and Phong/Blinn (in usage, theory and implementation).
Thanks for your great posts about PBR.
I'm implementing PBR as your implementations.
And edge fixups work well, but at first It seemed that they didn't work.
The reason was DXT Compression. DXT Compression reintroduce seams.
I wonder whether you met same problem.
The code to fix DXT compression has been removed from the provided AMD code. It need to be reimplemented (I will maybe take a look at it in the future).
then reexport it to DXT1 compressed dds file.
– a new method to calculate the specular power used for convolution of PMREM's mipmaps call "Mipmap". The previous method is now call "Drop".
ps: remember me looks pretty awesome!
I am not sure what you mean by "much more than it's supposed" but as this is a fork of AMD Cubemapgen, I am not aware of every piece of code.
Thanks for the quick reply! Good news. I guess my firewall just went crazy yesterday night.
After playing around with the CubeMapper I couldn't figure out how to convert a spherical light probe HDR texture into a horizinal cross cubemap. It looks like CubeMapper should be able to do this, but I can only load an HDR-lightprobe as "base texture".
Also, is there way to sample from HDR-Cubemap to DDS-Cubemap without filtering?
> how to convert a spherical light probe HDR texture into a horizinal cross cubemap.
You should use HDRshop for this, cubemapgen can't.
"To convert" you mean ? Yes, load the HDR texture then save the ouput without doing any filtering, cubemapgen will ask a question, say yes.
HDRShop looks soo… ahem… old school. But thanks for the tip!
Im trying to export dds and I need the mips on it. After opening the exported dds in photoshop I see there isnt any mip. Whats the workflow for this?
Hey, did you try to Check the mip map chain checkbox before to export ?
Do you have a better method?
Yes,do not use "Save cubemap to images" then select .dds file type.
Use the "save cubemaps (.dds)" button instead (with save mipmap chain checked).
I also suggest to use DDSView : http://www.amnoid.de/ddsview/ to easyli see a cubemap cross and vizualising mipmap of a dds.
I see, that works, but we have one more problem, I need separate images I guess I could use gimp again.
is there any chance to output this fixed seams into the textures?
The edge fixup stretch from Ignacio Castaño ? It seems it is not possible.
Thanks for this nice implementation to the cubemap gen. I am using it right now to convolve some hdr maps for use as cube map inside Mari, in new custom shaders that I am writing.
Would be nice if you could implement the Cook-Torrance brdf and Ashikhman-Shirley BRDF to this version of the cubemap gen.
Thanks. I was thinking about upgrading cubemapgen for other BRDF but never took the time to do it and not sure if I will do it in the future (but this would be nice to have). If you want to do it by yourself you should implement it with importance sampling, the code for a GGX BRDF is provided in Brian Karis Siggraph 2013 talk : http://blog.selfshadow.com/publications/s2013-shading-course/.
First of all thanks for the tool, very handy indeed! I've a problem though, I've noticed something a tad off when computing the irradiance map for one of my cubemaps, so I decided to try to use the reference posted on this site and it is different from the result you posted here. In particular the result I get is the following: http://imgur.com/YlZxS3Y . This is the result with both the fast Irradiance Map option and with cosine 180°. Am I missing something?
Can you provide more details on what option you chose (a screenshot of the option could be more simple) and which cubemap on this site you use to generate the screenshot you send ? Be sure to check the BRDF option you use, Phong or Blinn, the result will be different.
Here is the screenshot for the options: http://i.imgur.com/JwfIMJE.png and the cubemap I'm using is https://seblagarde.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/skybeamref.png .
So yeah, nothing weird here.
What you have done is that you have download the image from my website and process it in cubemapgen. This can't give you the same result as me.
In my case I have use the texture provide in original ATI cubemapgen named SkyBeamHDR512.dds (in the directory /Texture/Cubemaps).
I chose it for my test because it was one of the only true HDR cubemap of the package.
Once processed I have save the result in RGBA8 with a gamma 2.2 for displaying it on my blog.
Remember that you have multiple output format with gamma control in cubemapgen.
If I take the image directly from my website and process it, I get the same result than you, a non HDR no gamma corrected image.
Hello, one thing that caught me was that in the simplified mip map index function (-1.66096404744368 * log(SpecularPower) + 5.5;) the log() must be a base 10 log. Using the built in shader log() (natural base) would require a multiplier of -0.72134752.
It looks like the FP16 denormal handling when converting back to FP32 is creating a denormalized FP32 incorrectly. I'm fixing it locally but I can send you the change if you like (it's pretty small).
Sure sens it to me it post the change here, i will update it. Thx!
Here it is… feel free to swap out the clz implementation if an appropriate intrinsic is available!
Thanks, I update the code with this simpler ref implementation: https://gist.github.com/castano/2150795 and add support for the mantissa == 0 and exponent == 0 case.
On GPU's bad with branching, maybe this will be faster?
it is indeed cleaner code and yeah better to write it like that but it may not be faster (and in some case even slower on scalar GPU).
if often converted converted to a conditional mask on some GPU, like CndMsk(abs(WorldSpaceReflectionVector.x) != M, WorldSpaceReflectionVector.x * scale, WorldSpaceReflectionVector.x).
Hi first of all thank you for this tool and the many excellent articles/posts you have posted here over the years.
I was wondering if there's any way I can use this tool to batch process cubemaps?
Yes you can. Like the original Cubemapgen you can call ModifiedCubemapgen within command line or embed in code.
any document for the usage of the exe cmd line? where did you get the example??
Hey. This tool is from AMD they have provided documentation long time ago on their website . Don't know if it still available.
Quite useful article, I'm exporting your code from Google code to GitHub, https://github.com/FatGarfieldjteng/cubemapgen, because Google is blocked in my country.
Have to access this project from Github. If not proper, I'll remove this GitHub project.
Hey, thanks for doing this.
I want to thank you a lot for this post. I'm an amateur, a hobbyist, and using your modified cubemapgen and the information in this post, I was able to get satisfactory global illumination working.
One thing that confuses me, that I'm curious about, is your choice of default specular powers. Using an unormalized Blinn specular, the vast majority of my specular powers lie in the 1-4 range, which with a 0.25 drop is contained inside a single mipmap– a tiny one at that, when using a 2048 power base with a 128px cube. Even with a 64 base, 0.5 drop, 256px cube, my SP2 looks boxy. Likewise, I don't tend to care much about specular powers >50; they might as well all be perfect reflections for how little difference exists between them, with any remaining differences easily communicated by trading tiny bits of specular for diffuse. It seems to me that a different mapping of miplevel to specular power would give me more resolution where it matters most.
I'm curious as to the choices of these actual specular powers. Am I doing something wrong? Is this choice of log4(SP) mapping motivated primarily by ease/speed of figuring out the appropriate miplevel in the shader?
In batch mode on Windows 8.1 the program does not shut down properly, leaving my calling application unable to figure out if MCG is still working, already done, or even crashed. It's pretty much the same when running it via simple UI start. After closing MCG, there still stays at least on thread of the program active in the background. Quite easily to be viewed by the Task Manager.
I've tried to build MCG myself, but lacking D3D9SDK which cannot be installed anymore, I'm at a loss.
Any ideas how to get over this problem? My graphicians would really like to have the tool implemented in their workflow.
your article is really helpful and I used your method to create specular cubemaps. They are accessed with texCubelod in my shader.
If I want to use this cubemap for materials that have a mirror-like glossiness of 1.0 (roughness 0.0), the texture starts flickering in the distance. I assume this is because texcubelod does always address the same given mipmap-level at any glancing angle or distance, where normally smaller mips would be addressed.
Is there a way to get rid of the flickering when using texcubelod?
texCUBElod is used to force which MIP level your shader will fetch. texCUBE will compute the appropriate MIP and fetch from it.


text:
AccueilArchives">Archives - Agenda
Some quantitative remarks on paradigms and features. The view from Romance
Publié le 7 décembre 2018 – Mis à jour le 8 janvier 2020
Diego Pescarini, BCL Nice - Séminaire CLLE ERSS (14 h/16 h - Salle D155 MDR UT2J)
The paper deals with paradigms of subject clitics (SCls) in northern Italian and Occitan dialects. Etymologically, SCls are nominative pronouns that, in present-day dialects, are bound to the inflected verb.
Paradigms of subject clitics are often defective and exhibit systematic patterns of syncretism. Interestingly, such an extreme degree of variation emerged in a relatively short diachronic span (from the 16th c. onwards) and in a set of closely related languages spoken in a highly populated and interconnected area Olivone
Gaps and syncretisms are sensitive to person distinctions. Previous studies revealed some robust trends in the form of implicational statements, which lend themselves to an analysis in terms of feature geometries. However, before adopting rule-based accounts hinging on grammatical features, it is worth examining (and, if possible, discarding) alternative hypotheses.
H1) Cross-linguistic variation across a set of closely related languages is always amenable to external explanations. Let us assume that a bunch of innovative speakers began to use an idiosyncratic variant V1, which spread across social strata and nearby speaking communities, which in turn gave rise to further subvariants V2a/2b/etc. and so on. In this way, paradigms of SCls gradually shifted from one to another giving rise, in synchrony, to prima facie hierarchical arrays. In other words, by studying genealogically-related languages, one always 'runs the risk that he will discover shared innovations that have a purely historical explanations, rather than properties that are shared because of the same parameter setting.' (Haspelmath 2008: fn 8)
H2) It might be the case that the above paradigms were not shaped by feature-driven processes, but rather by analogical 'morphomic' schemas that apply regardless of the featural content of (function) words. For instance, one may argue that subject clitics emerged to disambiguate person agreement after verbal endings had been neutralised by sound change. In particular, the fact that 4/5p SCls are often missing or syncretic may result from the fact that 4/5p forms of the verb often display idiosyncratic exponents, i.e. either suppletive or non-rhizotonic forms.
The paper aims to address the above hypothesis on the basis of statistical evidence based on a dataset of approximately 400 dialects. To address H1, I will show that the geolinguistic distribution of variants does not support an explanation entirely based on external factors. As for H2, I will elaborate on the correlation between the number (and shape) of distinctive exponents in the SCls and verbal paradigms to show that analogical/'morphomic' schemata cannot account for the emergence and diffusion of the attested patterns.
https://clle.univ-tlse2.fr/accueil/navigation/archives/archives-agenda/some-quantitative-remarks-on-paradigms-and-features-the-view-from-romance-575789.kjsp?RH=1463577122782

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Facts and Trends: Tapping Into the Latin American International Student Market
Latin America has always been a rich source of international students who go to major study destinations around the globe. According to World Education News and Reviews, Latin America accounts for more than seven percent of international student enrollments in universities and colleges in the United States between 2015-2016.
Considering LatAm student market growth trends before and even during the pandemic, we will try to discover more about the students from this region and their motivations for studying abroad. This will help recruitment agents and HEIs in making informed decisions and strategies to meet the needs and support the aspirations of LatAm global learners.
From 2015-2016, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela are among the top 25 sending markets to the United States
A 2019 UNESCO-IESALC study revealed that 54% of surveyed LatAm students chose North America or Western Europe as their preferred destination for overseas study
Most LatAm global learners in the undergraduate and graduate programs prefer business, management, engineering, and accounting and finance programs, and aspire to develop skills such as leadership, problem-solving, teamwork, and communication
Outbound mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean went up by 58% between 2012 and 2017
The rise of a transparency-driven edtech platform helps recruitment agents in the region to collaborate efficiently with the top four preferred HEIs among LatAm students, including Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States
LatAm Student Market Growth
From 2015-2016, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela, are among the top 25 sending markets to the United States. The growing student market in the Latin American region led some higher education institutions in key international education destinations, such as Australia, to double their efforts in recruiting students from there.
Meanwhile, a 2019 UNESCO-IESALC study revealed that 54% of surveyed LatAm students chose North America or Western Europe as their preferred destination for overseas study. In turn, a survey by the Institute of International Education shows that higher education institutions (HEIs) in the United States are committed to supporting international students who are attending their universities be it in person or online.
According to a position paper sent to the Colombia-based Canadian Education Trade Commission that was prepared by David Arango, MSM's Regional Sales Head in Latin America, Brazil and Colombia are among the top countries in the region with students interested in pursuing education overseas.
Preferences, goals, aspirations, and motivations
More than the quality of education and compatibility to their own culture, student applicants from the Latin American region aim to pursue studies abroad for a lot of other reasons. According to Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), one of the most attractive features of study destinations in the US and Europe is diversity, which is currently lacking in most of LatAm's HEIs. Another motivation is the prestige of receiving education in the US or Europe.
In the same paper by QS, it has been revealed that LatAm applicants' motivations vary per degree level. Undergraduate (66%) and master's degree (72%) applicants, for instance, are motivated by the prospects of progressing to a higher level of qualification. Meanwhile, those pursuing doctoral studies are motivated by the hopes of earning capability to pursue a career in the academe (57%).
In terms of preferred disciplines, there is little difference in the top choices. Undergraduate (22%), master's (35%), and doctorate (20%) applicants are all keen on pursuing business or management programs.
It is good to note, however, that the top three preferred programs of undergraduate and master's degree student applicants are business or management, engineering, and accounting and finance. The top three preferences among doctorate applicants, on the other hand, are business or management, engineering, and economics and econometrics.
Other preferred programs also include education, nursing, information technology, as well as trades programs.
With regard to skills development aspirations, most of the applicants for undergraduate and master's programs believe that the top three skills valued by employers are problem-solving (46%, 45%), leadership (44%, 39%), and teamwork (38%, 44%). Meanwhile, doctorate program applicants think it is leadership (42%), teamwork (40%), and communication (36%).
The reputation of an institution in a certain subject area or the overall institution of a college or university is also among the top considerations of student applicants across higher education levels.
Barriers, prospects, opportunities
Economic uncertainty, language barriers, and visa policies are among the roadblocks that LatAm international students have faced.
According to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, the region will have positive economic growth in 2021. This, however, will not be enough to recover the pre-pandemic state of economic activity.
Considering this, it is safe to expect that students coming from the region will remain conservative in terms of spending. An opportunity for HEIs is to strategically raise awareness about financial aids, scholarships, and programs.
In fact, even prior to the global health crisis, the primary source of funding among LatAm applicants across undergraduate (67%), master's (65%), and doctorate (79%) levels have been scholarships. An alternative for HEIs may be to offer cheaper forms of programs such as certificate and diploma programs.
Additionally, funding is also a key consideration in the choice of institutions. Among undergraduate (50%) and doctorate (54%) student applicants, funding is a top priority. Among applicants of master's programs, funding is the second priority.
Among undergraduate student applicants, however, the cost is a key consideration although in different contexts. While 50% of applicants' top concern is funding, there are 34% that choose institutions based on the cost of the programs compared to other institutions.
Additionally, HEIs in Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States– the top four preferred destinations of LatAm students– may maximize digital presence to establish access to potential student applicants. In the 2018 survey by QS, student applicants across all higher education levels cited general online search, official website, and rankings as top sources of information.
Apart from the top four preferred destinations mentioned above, other areas that are gaining attention from LatAm students include Canadian provinces such as Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan.
In terms of language barriers, many LatAm students find it difficult to ace IELTS exams. Fortunately, many of the top destinations for study abroad offer ESL pathway programs. These include courses that help students build skills, knowledge, and qualifications that are required in enrolling for a bachelor's or master's degree.
Student mobility and migration rights
A pre-pandemic paper by campusfrance.org stated that outbound mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean went up by 58% between 2012 and 2017. Meanwhile, around 31% choose to study in Europe, specifically in the European Union (30%) and Spain (9%), while 28% head to North America and 29% travel elsewhere in the region.
In the United States, further growth in international students including those from Latin American countries may be expected. This is due to the more friendly immigration policies that are part of the Joe Biden administration's agenda.
For instance, the Homeland Security Department has proposed a rule to establish a fixed time period of admission and extension of stay procedure for foreign information media and international students. This includes both non-immigrant academic students and exchange visitors.
Rise of edtech-supported transparency among education agents
The blossoming student market in the Latin America region is not without its thorns. News about double-dipping among education agents surfaced. This has opened the need for a transparency-based edtech solution where HEIs and student recruitment agents can collaborate transparently.
M Square Media's Global Marketing Office (MSM GMO) model, for instance, is powered by a data-driven business solutions platform where HEIs gain dedicated satellite teams in a certain area for market entry. A model like this helps them execute marketing strategies remotely with the help of education agents who are in the MSM GMO network.
On the education agents' end, MSM GMO provides them with training, live sessions, and tools so they can help HEIs in recruiting highly qualified students. Despite having full access to AI-powered resources, agents in the MSM GMO network receive their commissions from HEIs in full.
All things considered, there is a healthy outlook in recruiting Latin American students. Through digital and data-driven solutions that provide satellite presence in regions such as Latin America, HEIs may benefit from having on-the-ground dedicated teams to expand communications to potentially qualified students. (SUNEETHA QURESHI)
#PartnerForLife #GlobalEducationForAll #InternationalEducation #InternationalStudents #MSM
SUNEETHA QURESHI
MSM President-Global Marketing Office (GMO)
Meet the Team of MSM
Suneetha has more than 10 years of experience in the international education sector. As president of MSM GMO, she fortifies its business development outreach globally, particularly in the face of MSM's foray in edtech-based recruitment via MSM Unify. She preserves the premium, value-adding services provided to each GMO partner institution, including dedicated teams on the ground, agent management, lead generation and inquiry management, application pre-screening, and student and parent support through pioneering pre-departure briefing sessions.
She has an impeccable track record of successfully launching the representative offices in Asia and Africa of many North American and European higher education institutions. Her key strengths include hiring, training, and developing teams as evidenced by the successful results of the dedicated in-country college and university client teams.
Suneetha also has taken the lead in developing several initiatives at MSM, including building robust standard operating procedures, the Rise 'n Shine team engagement platform, and the organization's data analytics and audit segments.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e5LW7DuFm1hivx4xQJ9u31kB7Ydz0uBaaiiy9mYao8I/edit?usp=sharing
https://www.keystoneacademic.com/news/student-recruitment-in-latin-america-challenges-unique-opportunities
http://info.qs.com/rs/335-VIN-535/images/latin_america.html
https://www.sbs.com.au/news/australia-is-recruiting-more-students-from-latin-america-than-ever-before
https://wenr.wes.org/2017/09/going-north-the-student-mobility-outlook-from-latin-america
https://www.cepal.org/en/pressreleases/latin-america-and-caribbean-will-have-positive-growth-2021-it-will-not-be-enough
https://www.iesalc.unesco.org/2019/09/16/unesco-iesalc-desvela-que-solo-un-38-de-la-movilidad-que-sale-de-america-latina-y-el-caribe-se-queda-en-la-region/#.YMc8bvkzaUk
https://www.edc.org/english-latin-america-ela
https://www.internationalstudent.com/pathway/why-choose-a-pathway-program/
https://ressources.campusfrance.org/publications/chiffres_cles/en/chiffres_cles_2020_en.pdf
https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2020/09/25/2020-20845/establishing-a-fixed-time-period-of-admission-and-an-extension-of-stay-procedure-for-nonimmigrant
higher education, international student enrollment., latin american student market


When it comes to our children's literature collection we have quickly fallen in to the brightly coloured rhyming field which has been lovely but I was excited to come across a book, Mini Rabbit Not Lost by John Bond, that offered something a bit different.
At first I wasn't sure if the storyline – which features a small rabbit that goes on a journey to find some berries for the cake he wants to make with his mum - would be too complex for my two and a half year old. Mainly as I found you have to grasp some parts of the storyline from the pictures rather than the spoken words alone, something he hasn't always been so great at.
Perhaps it's his cake obsession, or the beautifully drawn illustrations but this book has become a firm favourite in our house and I often find him reciting parts, reading it to himself and putting it to the top of the bedtime story pile.
The illustrations by John Bond demonstrate depth and layers - with each time you read it you discover something new on the page. And the language is simple but effective ... with a definite emphasis on cake!
Mini Rabbit Not Lost (Mini Rabbit) by John Bond, published by HarperCollins Children's Books is available from Amazon i hardback and paperback.


SAN JOSE, CA--(Marketwire - Feb 26, 2013) - SPYRUS today announced its new support service program to enable booting its Secure Portable Workplace™ and Portable Workplace for Windows To Go-certified devices on Apple Macintosh computers. This support program will enable enterprises to support their BYOD initiatives for teleworking, the traveling "road warrior," temporary workers, and Continuity of Operations by booting Windows To Go not only from PCs certified to run Windows 7 or Windows 8, but also from Apple Macintosh computers.
As part of the SPYRUS secure ecosystem, Secure Portable Workplace and Portable Workplace USB 3.0 drives are managed by the SPYRUS Enterprise Management System to allow authorized administrators to remotely disable the drives. This provides centralized controls to help protect against data theft or loss.
Now enterprises can add this dimension of user computers for deploying their corporate Windows 8 operating environment on the Secure Portable Workplace and Portable Workplace devices to accomplish the enterprise BYOD initiatives for teleworking from home, aiming to provide significant cost savings to the Enterprise.
To request information or to send orders for SPYRUS Portable Workplace and Secure Portable Workplace for Macintosh, please contact sales@spyrus.com or SPW-WTG@spyrus.com.
SPYRUS has had three years of tremendous success with strong demand in the public and private sectors for their bootable Secure Pocket Drive for Windows Embedded Standard 7 and Windows XP. This technical and industry leadership, combined with security-enhanced features and performance, makes SPYRUS a great choice for a Windows To Go platform. Secured by SPYRUS™ security-enhanced technology is proudly designed, engineered, and manufactured in the USA to meet FIPS 140-2 Level 3 standards. SPYRUS is headquartered in San Jose, California. See www.spyrus.com for more information.
Secure Pocket Drive is protected by U.S. Patents 7,757,100, 7,380,140, 6,088,802, and 6,981,149, with other patents pending. SPYRUS, the SPYRUS logo, Secure Portable Workplace, and Portable Workplace are either registered trademarks or trademarks of SPYRUS, Inc., in the U.S. and/or other jurisdictions. All other company, organization, and product names are trademarks of their respective organizations.


17*10cm. Blue, green, white. Dryer animal. Shoe polish. Oculous. Synthetic hair,nylon. Material: : Mesh (air mesh). Deniro. Ishowtienda. Kitchen cleaning brush. Makeup brushes make. Shane dawson. Free hair tips. Wooden fiber hair, sponge, nylon fiber, etc.
Material type: For oral care removes plaque. Light pink, light purple. Cotton. Uwfcfltsyr6133. Socks. Cdh7h16a. S1063. A991d. Department name:Tools set sculpting. Hg3426. Dccgglx9708. Approx. 12.60*3.00*2.10/4.96"*1.18"*0.83". Wipe mini. Silicone gel heel.
Toothbrush heads dentally. Blue, green, pink. 25.5*3.8cm. Nylon bristles. Tub basinCatlike foot warmer. Item type: Industrial carbon brush. Aiwojia. Long shoes horn. Plastic + electronic components. Shoe clean.


text:
NAME-CHECK
Obama Aides 'Furious' at Gov. Paterson
Graylock.com
President Obama's aides sent a sharply worded message to New York Gov. David Paterson, reprimanding him for dropping Obama's name into an angry speech on the radio about the media's anti-black bias, the New York Post reports. "The next victim on the list—and you see it coming—is President Barack Obama," Paterson said of the media bias, referring to Obama's efforts to reform health care. Within hours of the show airing, White House political director Patrick Gaspard called the governor's deputy secretary to ask why Paterson "was dragging the president into" his troubles. Paterson is New York's first black governor and has suffered abysmal popularity ratings, which he suggested might have been "orchestrated" by an anti-black media on the show. On Friday, Paterson released a clarifying statement about his remarks. "What I did point out was that certain media outlets have engaged in coverage that exploits racial stereotypes," he said.
Read it at The New York Post


text:
<?php

namespace Google\Service\Games\Resource;

use Google\Service\Games\AchievementDefinitionsListResponse;

/**
 * The "achievementDefinitions" collection of methods.
 * Typical usage is:
 *  <code>
 *   $gamesService = new Google\Service\Games(...);
 *   $achievementDefinitions = $gamesService->achievementDefinitions;
 *  </code>
 */
class AchievementDefinitions extends \Google\Service\Resource
{
  /**
   * Lists all the achievement definitions for your application.
   * (achievementDefinitions.listAchievementDefinitions)
   *
   * @param array $optParams Optional parameters.
   *
   * @opt_param string language The preferred language to use for strings returned
   * by this method.
   * @opt_param int maxResults The maximum number of achievement resources to
   * return in the response, used for paging. For any response, the actual number
   * of achievement resources returned may be less than the specified
   * `maxResults`.
   * @opt_param string pageToken The token returned by the previous request.
   * @return AchievementDefinitionsListResponse
   */
  public function listAchievementDefinitions($optParams = [])
  {
    $params = [];
    $params = array_merge($params, $optParams);
    return $this->call('list', [$params], AchievementDefinitionsListResponse::class);
  }
}

// Adding a class alias for backwards compatibility with the previous class name.
class_alias(AchievementDefinitions::class, 'Google_Service_Games_Resource_AchievementDefinitions');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


All week, a grey and pink elephant wandered around Mile End and Bart's, attending lectures and visiting members of staff. A hundred and twenty elephant masks were handed out, all aimed at raising awareness and provoking discussion of mental health problems.
According to the Mental Health Foundation, in the course of any given year, one in four adults and one in ten children are likely to be affected by a mental health problem. This can affect an individual's ability to simply get through the day and make it incredibly difficult to live a normal life.
The campaign saw people gather in Library Square to speak to the universities mental health coordinator, Niall Morrissey. Morrisey spoke to students and encouraged them to create "mind apples", a technique aimed at promoting good mental health by writing down five things to do each day.
"I'm really happy with how it went- a lot of people wanted to come up and have a chat when we were in Library Square. Some lecturers completely ignored us- I guess that's often true of the 'elephant in the room', but a couple of classes clapped as the elephants left their lectures. Hopefully this has paved the way for more campaigns and discussions around mental health this year".
The Student's Union and QMBL Mental Health Awareness Society plan to continue their campaign, with the next step possibly involving the infamous grey and pink elephant playing sport in the Get Active sessions.


text:
Article: 25 Young People Helping to Make the World a Better Place: Zoo
25 Young People Helping to Make the World a Better Place
By: Beth Hendricks
Image: Anders Hellberg via WikiCommons
When we think about people who have truly "made a difference," our attention invariably shifts to people like Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Mother Teresa and Nelson Mandela. Their action – for love, for peace, for fundamental human rights for all people – have transformed all of us, in big ways and small.
Someone once said, "Your life is your message to the world. Make sure it's inspiring." That idea is an excellent set-up for this list of young people who are making a difference, not only in their corner of the world but across it. Here, you'll meet youngsters helping the homeless, fighting for the environment and advocating for women, children and those in need in the United States and beyond. You'll even meet Time's "Person of the Year" for 2019. (Spoiler alert: She's only 16 years old!)
The more important lesson from this piece is: What does it inspire you to do? Could you grow a garden for a soup kitchen? Can you start a backpack program for the underprivileged? Would you consider volunteering, donating, or speaking out? Read through this list of amazing young people. You'll find it hard not being inspired to become the change you wish to see in the world.
Greta Thunberg, Time's "Person of the Year"
Following in the footsteps of other noteworthy people who have been named Time's "Person of the Year" — like Pope Francis, Winston Churchill and Mahatma Gandhi — is 16-year-old Swede, Greta Thunberg. Thunberg is known for her environmental activism, which started when she began protesting outside the Swedish Parliament. Her "Fridays for Future" movement calls on other students her age (and younger) to engage in strikes against governments around the world as a way of speaking up on matters of climate change.
Get on your feet for Nick Lowinger
Nick Lowinger was just 5 years old when he visited a homeless shelter with his mom and recognized that many of its children didn't have adequate footwear. Some were even sharing a single pair of shoes between siblings. Seven years later, he donated his first pair of sneakers and laid the groundwork for what would become the Gotta Have Sole Foundation, which has donated nearly 100,000 pairs of shoes to homeless shelters to date. Today, he has partnerships with retailers from AT&T to Zappos.
"I Am Malala"
Malala Yousafzai is best known only by her first name, a la Madonna, and is celebrated for her advocacy in helping women and children pursue education. Malala was 15 years old when she was shot on her way to school by members of the Taliban in her native Pakistan, in retaliation for her activism. That incident did not slow her efforts, however. At 17, she was the youngest ever to be awarded the Nobel Prize and in 2013, she released a book that went on to become an international bestseller. Her work continues through her foundation, The Malala Fund.
Meet "Little Miss Flint," Mari Copeny
The water crisis in Flint, Michigan, has been ongoing since 2014 when Mari Copeny was just 6 years old. Two years later, at age 8, she penned a letter to then-President Barack Obama in an attempt to compel him to engage in serious talks with lobbyists and political leaders. Since then, she has been hard at work raising funds, donating school supplies and backpacks, and gathering toys for Flint youth, partly through her Pack Your Back program, while also keeping the water crisis in the public eye.
Sophie Cruz reaches out to the pope
Sophie Cruz was 5 years old when she traveled to Washington, D.C., to meet with Pope Francis and garner his support for the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans Act. She ran out into the street toward the Pope's motorcade, but security turned her away. It didn't stop Pope Francis from noticing the girl and reaching out to her, ultimately speaking on the issue with Congress. Cruz later met with President Barack Obama and also participated in the Women's March in D.C., serving as its keynote speaker.
Asean Johnson, future mayor?
In 2013, Chicago made plans to shut down upward of 50 public schools, but not without pushback from an unlikely source, a Marcus Garvey Elementary School student named Asean Johnson. Johnson spoke out against the mayor and also spoke at the "Realize The Dream" rally, where he called on leaders to provide equal funding and resources for all schools. Johnson kept his own elementary school's doors open and has plans to run for mayor of his town in 2025, when he'll be 21.
Jack Andraka, the Smithsonian's pancreatic cancer prodigy
At 16, most young men are playing video games and hanging out with friends. When Jack Andraka was 16, he was looking for inexpensive detection methods for pancreatic cancer. Fueled by the loss of a close family friend, Andraka developed his screening method using a small dipstick probe that analyzes a minute blood sample in just five minutes. The discovery earned Andraka the support of at least one researcher and helped him grab both the Smithsonian American Ingenuity Award and the grand prize at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair.
Earth guardian, Xiuhtezcatl Martinez
Now 19, the environmental activist already has a lengthy list of accomplishments in helping world leaders understand more about climate change. He has spoken at the United Nations multiple times and is named as a plaintiff in a federal lawsuit alleging that the government has failed to properly address climate change issues. Today, he is youth director for the conservation group, Earth Guardians, and also uses the power of music to help illustrate his message.
Former child slave, Anoyara Khatun
Anoyara Khatun understands child trafficking because she endured it when she was just 12 years old. After being rescued by Save the Children, Khatun turned her testimony into triumph in her native West Bengal, India. Khatun has received the Nari Shakti Puraskhar (Women Power Award) for her work with a network of children's groups in 80 villages with Save the Children. Through her work, she has helped save hundreds of children from enduring the same experiences she had.
Alex Scott and a lemonade empire
Who would have thought that lemonade could be so powerful? Alex Scott was 4 years old when she hosted her first lemonade-stand-turned-childhood-cancer-fundraiser in her front yard. Scott battled childhood cancer and wanted to help others like herself. The lemonade stand became an annual occurrence in the Scott household and has since sparked similar lemonade stand fundraisers across the country. Alex died in 2004 at the age of 8, but her legacy of giving continues. To date, more than $150 million has been raised to find a cure for childhood cancer.
Ann Makosinski, waste reducer
In 2013, Ann Makosinski invented a flashlight using an alternative energy source – in this case, body heat. The Hollow Light helped propel Makosinski to the forefront of the alternative energy discussion while delivering light to those who can't afford electricity and reducing waste in landfills around the world. The flashlight, which won the Google Science Fair in 2013, uses only the heat from the human hand. She also invented the eDrink mug, which can charge a cellphone using the heat from a beverage.
Give a hand to Easton LaChappelle
In 2011, Easton LaChappelle turned his Legos into a prototype for a prosthetic hand. The invention eventually shifted from a hand to an arm, the RoboArm. But it wasn't until LaChappelle met a young girl at a science fair (her prosthetic arm cost $80,000) that the goal of his work became more clear, to make prosthetics more affordable for those who need them. LaChappelle's 3D-printed prosthetics carry a price tag in the hundreds, not the thousands, and his scientific mind has prompted some to call him the next Elon Musk.
We see you, Yash Gupta
Many people begin wearing glasses at a young age; for Yash Gupta, that was at 5 years old. At 14, after breaking a pair and waiting for a replacement, Gupta became inspired to help others who needed eyeglasses but couldn't them. His Sight Learning organization, to date, has donated $1.5 million worth of eyewear to students in places like Honduras, Haiti and India. Gupta turned his appreciation for clear sight into a mission to provide that fundamental right to others.
Julia Bluhm, body champion
In a world that places a premium on perfect bodies and faces, Julia Bluhm waged war against Photoshop and won. At the age of 14, in 2012, she successfully campaigned for the teen magazine, Seventeen, to celebrate real girls and real bodies by disavowing the use of Photoshop in its imagery. Today, Bluhm continues her crusade for body positivity and confidence through work with Spark Movement, where she says, "I've been a feminist ever since I knew what a feminist was."
Boyan Slat cleans up
Boyan Slat was diving during a fishing trip in Greece when he discovered a problem — plastic pollution taking over the oceans. Just 16 at the time, Slat began working on developing Ocean Cleanup, a non-profit dedicated to protecting the world's water. The goal of the organization, which has raised more than $32 million, is to find solutions to rid the world's oceans of plastic. His TEDx talk on a revolutionary cleanup system utilizing the ocean's currents went viral – at the ripe old age of 17.
A garden of hope planted by Katie Stagliano
Third-grader Katie Stagliano's start to improving the world around her began with a 40-pound cabbage. She donated it to a local soup kitchen, and that gift fed nearly 300 people. It prompted the now-20-year-old to create Katie's Krops, a youth gardening movement that encourages kids of all ages to grow – and donate – crops from vegetable gardens. In 2018, nearly 40,000 pounds of vegetables were donated nationwide to hunger relief programs and families in need.
Jaylen Arnold fights back
Jaylen Arnold was already battling Tourette's Syndrome, Asperger's and OCD, so it didn't seem fair when his peers added more for him to deal with by bullying him for his differences. Arnold turned those lemons into lemonade, though, creating the Jaylen Challenge Foundation. Through the foundation, he has addressed more than 100,000 children with his "Bullying No Way!" message. Arnold takes his message to "kids that bully other kids, especially disabled ones," in an effort to stop all bullying.
Recycling Ryan Hickman
Do you think you can't make a difference? Tell that to Ryan Hickman, who developed a passion for recycling when he was 3 years old. Four years later, he started a program he called Ryan's Recycling, gathering plastic, paper, bottles and cans not only from family and neighbors, but all across his native Orange County, California. Today, at 10 years old, he spends time every week sorting recyclables and preparing them to take to a local recycling center. According to his website, more than 107,000 pounds have been recycled thanks to his efforts.
Education fighter Thandiwe Chama
In 2007, then 16-year-old Thandiwe Chama received the International Children's Peace Prize, but her work began long before that. When Chama's school in Zambia closed, she led a march of 60 students to another area school – at the age of 8. Chama said, "We cannot achieve sustainable development without ensuring that my rights, my education and my health is just as important as that of my brothers." Today, she works as an education rights activist in her home country and has authored a book titled "'The Chicken with AIDS."
Cassandra Lin cooks up change
There's nothing quite like New England winters, a fact Cassandra Lin knew all too well. As a Rhode Island fifth grader, she discovered that basic cooking oil could be recycled and turned into biofuel to help people heat their homes. She founded Project TGIF (Turn Grease Into Fuel), collecting more than 4,000 gallons of grease every month and turning it into biodiesel to help families in need. Lin has been able to get more than 100 area restaurants to participate, providing assistance to families and offsetting carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Marley Dias and #1000BlackGirlBooks
It can be tough to enjoy reading if you can't identify with any of the characters, which was precisely the problem Marley Dias was having. Dias started the #1000BlackGirlBooks hashtag to collect 1,000 books with black female protagonists. Those books could then be donated to girls just like her. Dias was only 10 years old when her initiative began. To date, more than 11,000 books have been donated, and Dias has authored a book titled "Marley Dias Gets It Done: And So Can You!"
"Sew" cool, Mary Grace Henry!
Mary Grace Henry turned a passion for sewing into a world-changing initiative at the age of 12. Henry had the idea to create and sell reversible headbands and use the funds to help send an underprivileged girl to school. Achieving her initial objective wasn't enough, however. Henry created the charity, Reverse The Course, continuing her headbands for education mission, which has helped nearly 200 girls in Kenya, Uganda, Paraguay and Haiti.
Metal master Kelvin Doe
Kelvin Doe is one of Sierra Leone's – and Africa's – most famous inventors. He got his start with spare parts and scrap metal. Doe started at the age of 11, using bits of leftover parts to help find a solution for electrical outages in his community. By 13, he had come up with a battery capable of powering multiple neighborhood homes. That same year, he combined the right pieces to develop his own community radio station, where he is known as DJ Focus. His entrepreneurial mind has earned him meetings with multiple world leaders and a spot in MIT's "Visiting Practitioner's Program."
Melati and Isabel Wijsen, sisters on a mission
Melati and Isabel Wijsen were 10 and 12 years old in 2008 when they were inspired by Rwanda's ban on plastic bags. They envisioned something similar in their native Bali. Indonesia has historically been one of the largest plastics polluters in the world. Now, thanks to the Wijsen's initiatives, including beach cleanups and a petition aimed at getting their government's attention, Bali is (plastic) bag-free, with Indonesia as a whole to soon follow suit.
Young filmmaker Zuriel Oduwole
Named one of "Africa's most influential women" by Forbes Magazine, 17-year-old Zuriel Oduwole already wears many titles – self-taught filmmaker and education advocate among them. Oduwole has interviewed three dozen world leaders and created nearly 10 documentaries aimed at promoting the importance of education among young women in her native Africa. Founder of "Dream Up, Speak Up, Stand Up," Oduwole seeks to encourage African girls to pursue their education.
Can You Identify These '80s TV Shows With Just One Screenshot?
TRIVIA EASY
Can You Name All Of These Harry Potter Characters?
How Well Do You Remember the Best NFL Players of the '80s?
Can You Match the TV Show to Its Leading Car?
Can You Guess These Historical Movies from One Screenshot?
How well do you remember the popular Western, "Tombstone"? Quiz
Can You Name the Movie From the Soldier?
Can You Name the NFL Team If We Give You Three of Their Franchise Legends?
What Song Was Written About You?
Which Prince song are you? Quiz


Prodroxatone Serum Reviews: For dullness, fine lines, and wrinkles of skin, there can be many factors responsible like aging factor, U.V. rays, dust, pollution, etc. To conquer all such skin problems, there are many skin treatment products available at the stores. But most of them include harmful chemicals that may give you sudden effect, but can damages skin as well. So, it is recommended to go for the skin care products made up of natural ingredients only. The stores are flooded with many skin care creams and anti aging serums or peptides, which work amazingly on human skin and remove wrinkles, dark circles, fine lines, etc., with ease. For instance, Prodroxatone serum is one of the highly acclaimed skin care formulation that is found effective against all sorts of skin problems said above. It is a serum that works positively on skin and removes its flaws easily.
Prodroxatone Serum is a skin care product made up of natural ingredients. It is a well-tested skin care formulation that is enriched with vitamin C. It is effective in removing various skin problems like wrinkles, dullness, fine lines, dark spots, etc., and gives a naturally glowing and soft skin in just a few weeks. Moreover, the product is useful to give good hydration to the skin and also protects it from ultra violet rays of sun. This serum includes small molecules that clean skin pores completely and makes skin fresh from inside. Moreover, it helps in repairing dead cells of skin and makes them perfect. All in all, Prodroxatone Serum is a right skin care product that makes skin stunning.
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• Removes wrinkles, fine lines, dark spots, dullness, etc.
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ICT capability encompasses not only the mastery of technical skills and techniques, but also the understanding to apply these skills purposefully, safely and responsibly in learning, everyday life and employment. We believe that ICT capability is fundamental to participation and engagement in modern society. ICT can be used to find, develop, analyse and present information, as well as to model situations and solve problems. Our pupils have the benefit of a modern, well-equipped ICT suite in which they can develop these key ICT skills.


Contact Ascend Shine Accuracy Tech Co,.Ltd.
Address: 3F.,No.48,Fuxing N.Rd.,Zhongshan Dist., Taipei City 10488 , Taipei, Taiwan Taiwan R.O.C.
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In the ice-world, suspended in time, the magical snow-inhabitants wait impatiently for the Park's guests, to reveal themselves and show them the majestic wonders of their kingdom. A fairy tale story that amazes old ones and enlights children's eyes, accompanying them along the path to experience the most extraordinary of fantasies!
Fun and exciting in every place, but when will you ever skate in such a special park? Slipping on ice is always a special emotion: go for it and try it with us!
Angels, puppets, snowball battles ... what a dream! Try all the shapes you want, or challenge your friends with a perfect snowball! A children's area with real snow, to leave them free to create!
Just a pinch of color to turn you into a butterfly or a pirate! Choose your look and let our makeup artists draw. Let yourself be guided by imagination, they can transform you into whatever you want!
A Christmas-themed art workshop, where you can create, color and trim! A precious moment to experience, with the support of the elves of Eternal Ice-Kingdom!
Like in a fairy tale, a wonderful creature that makes adult turn child. A charming queen to take picture with, during a dedicated Meet & Greet!
Come to discover our new Escape Room, from December 23rd to January Sunday 6th! The new remake movie Remi, distributed by 01 Distribution, will be in cinemas next February 7th, 2019.


Jahnle Eye Associates is a medical and surgical ophthalmology practice with offices in Havertown and Media, PA. Our mission is to deliver the highest quality eye care in the most compassionate and efficient manner.
In addition to routine eye examinations and prescriptions for eyeglasses and contact lenses, we provide top-quality services to treat a range of eye problems including cataracts, dry eye, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal disease.
Call us today for more information or to make an appointment. We look forward to seeing you!
We look forward to seeing you at your appointment. Please bring your insurance cards and photo identification to your visit. We will collect your co-pay, your deductible, and any co-insurance required by your insurance plan at the time of your visit.
Visit the eyeSmart website, created by the Academy of Ophthalmology, to learn more about eye diseases and conditions.


text:
New Novel by Brett Armstrong Eerily Taps into Today's Anxieties of What is Real
"Day Moon" follows a teen's discovery of a sinister plot that threatens the world's reality
Charleston, WV, March 28, 2017 – West Virginia author Brett Armstrong raises a timely warning in his dystopian thriller, "Day Moon," about where current trends could lead if left unchecked.
The year is 2039, and 17-year-old computer prodigy Elliott is assigned to work on a global software initiative his deceased grandfather helped found.
Project Alexandria is intended to provide the entire world secure and equal access to all accumulated human knowledge. All forms of print are destroyed in good faith, to ensure everyone has equal footing, and Elliott knows he must soon part with his final treasure: a book of Shakespeare's complete works gifted him by his grandfather. Before it is destroyed, Elliott notices something is amiss with the book, or rather Project Alexandria. The two do not match, including an extra sonnet titled "Day Moon." When Elliott investigates, he uncovers far more than he bargained for. There are sinister forces backing Project Alexandria who have no intention of using it for its public purpose.
Elliott soon finds himself on the run from federal authorities and facing betrayals and deceit from those closest to him. Along the way, Elliot questions what is real and about truth, relationships and the meaning of freedom and security.
Following clues left by his grandfather, with agents close at hand, Elliott desperately hopes to find a way to stop Project Alexandria. All of history past and yet to be depend on it.
"'Day Moon' grabs the reader by the imagination and doesn't let go! I daresay it's a classic in the making." – Robert Walker, author of "Random Violence, Killer Instinct"
About the Author: Brett Armstrong is an award-winning author of Destitutio Quod Remissio, a story about the struggles of a Christian Roman senator. All profits from sales of the book were donated to charity. The author lives in St. Albans, West Virginia, with his wife and 2-year-old son.
stephanie@cleanreads.com


1. Amor 2. Angelitos Negros 3. Barbara Ann 4. Bibbidi-bobbidi-bu 5. Buonasera Signorina 6. Cha Cha Cha De Las Secretarias 7. Day-O (the banana boat song ) 8. Ev'rybody Wants To Be A Cat 9. Feelings 10. Good News 11. Hotel California 12. Kumbayah 13. La Bamba 14. La Vita È Bella 15. Marina 16. Miguel Son Mi! 17. Oh Happy Day 18. Once Upon A Dream 19. Patricia 20. Star Wars 21. The Entertainer 22. The Never Ending Story 23. The River Kwai March 24. Theme From A Summer Place 25. When You Wish Upon A Star 26. Who's Afraid Of The Big Bad Wolf?


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Tottenham Hotspur Fixtures and Results
Micah Richards' trophy comments ring true as Tottenham eye Europa Conference League joy
Former Manchester City man Micah Richards explains the importance of silverware - and the Europa Conference League could be the one to end Tottenham's long trophy drought
Emma de DuveTottenham Hotspur writer
Nuno confident Spurs will pull together amid struggles
Don't miss any of the latest and best Spurs news - sign up to the free Tottenham newsletter for updates straight to your inbox
After Tottenham's recent heavy defeats in the Premier League, the Europa Conference League is quickly becoming one of only a few chances of them winning silverware this season.
The north London side started the season with three 1-0 wins, including a victory over reigning Premier League champions Man City.
Their 2021/22 campaign then took a heavy decline and they have now lost their third game in a row, with a total of nine goals conceded in the three games.
Their most recent defeat was in the North London Derby on Sunday which saw them lose 3-1 to rivals Arsenal - and put on a very poor performance in the process.
Tottenham Women hope for a better result than the men in their FA Cup North London Derby
Paul Merson reveals why it could soon be all over for Tottenham boss Nuno Espirito Santo
Nuno Espirito Santo's side progressed in the Carabao Cup after winning their penalty shootout against Wolves and they will travel to Turf Moor to take on Burnley in their next fixture of the competition.
After not qualifying for Champions League or Europa League football this season, the Lilywhites have had to accept their place in the new Europa Conference League.
They lost their first match of the competition 1-0 in the qualifying round against Pacos de Ferreira, but when they returned to home turf for the second leg they beat the Portuguese team 3-0.
Their first group game was against Rennes and they managed a 2-2 draw so will be hoping for a better result in their next match, which is against NS Mura on Thursday.
The 2008 Carling Cup was the last time Tottenham won a trophy. (Image: Photo by Mike Hewitt/Getty Images)
The European competition does mean more games to be played for Tottenham, leaving them often having to play two games a week and Espirito Santo touched on if this was a hinderance to his side.
"It is what it is. We are involved and we are on it and we are committed to it," he said in his pre-match press conference, ahead of the game on Thursday.
"Like I said during the first game we played in the play-offs in Portugal, we are committed to it. All the games are important to us."
Spurs fans will be hoping the Portuguese head coach goes into the game with a strong enough team to win the match but also have the best players fit for their Premier League fixture against Aston Villa on Sunday.
Former Villa defender, Micah Richards, spoke about Tottenham's lack of silverware on the BBC Radio 5 Live Football Daily podcast.
"In our recent history, Man Utd and Arsenal have won the Premier League and have been successful," Richards said.
"Since I've been a footballer, all I can remember Spurs winning was what was then the Carling Cup in 2008."
The 2008 trophy will be all that many young Tottenham fans can remember their club winning, which is where the European competition could prove a success.
Winning the Europa Conference League may not be at the top of supporters' list for silverware but on paper, the Lilywhites have a good chance of going far in the competition and whatever fans think, it would end their 13-year trophy drought.
Micah Richards
Tottenham transfer rumoursThe free agents Tottenham can still sign after deadline day to boost top four chancesTottenham transfer news: The Lilywhites may have done all their spending but they can still sign players for the rest of the season.
Tottenham have four summer transfer priorities for Antonio Conte after striking January deals
Summer Transfer Window
Here we take a look at what will be on Tottenham's priority list in the summer transfer market after bringing in Arnaut Danjuma and Pedro Porro before the January transfer deadline
Pedro Porro struggles, curious case of Matt Doherty and Tottenham transfers that didn't happen
Pedro Porro
The inside story of a transfer window when Tottenham Hotspur and the club's chairman Daniel Levy were under pressure to deliver
Matt Doherty discusses Atletico Madrid transfer, Diego Simeone and contract after Tottenham exit
Matt Doherty has been speaking to the Spanish media at his unveiling as an Atletico Madrid player following his Tottenham exit on transfer deadline day
The three Tottenham players stuck in north London amid failed deadline day transfer moves
Tottenham have a number of players whose first-team prospects look slim but are now set to remain in London until at least the summer after failed transfer deadline day moves
Apple TV launch new streaming service that could lead to end of Premier League blackout rules
Apple TV has launched a new 'MLS Season Pass' service that will see every MLS match made available to stream live in one place with no blackout between fixtures.


Food trucks – they're trendy and tasty (sometimes tasty. I had a negative experience once with some sliders and crinkle-cut fries). I remember when Cheesed and Confused made its debut in Geneseo and students came together over late-night pulled pork and mac'n'cheese sandwiches.
In NYC, food trucks are huge. There's gotta be hundreds of food trucks and they even get their own websites for users to locate the trucks: nyctruck.com and roaminghunger.com! They sell burritos, cookies, salads, sushi, kimchi – everything.
But Red Hook was on its food truck game WAY before any foodies started retrofitting UPS trucks in 2005 to sell poutine and lobster rolls. Since 1974 Red Hook Park has welcomed Red Hook Food Vendors every weekend (during appropriate months) to sell the most authentic, mouth-watering Latin street food, from chalupas and tacos to grilled corn and pupusas. Now in its 41st year, the Red Hook Food Vendors are going strong: They even won four Vendy's, the NYC equivalent of Oscar's for street food!
Amazing chalupas, 3/$7! With pickled jalapeños, as I choose to live dangerously.
Red Hook Park is right across from the Red Hook Recreation Center, home to one of the best and biggest public pools in NYC. The Guatemalan soccer league offers a good show while you eat to make for the perfect weekend afternoon.
BKLYNR: Red Hook's Food Vendors are the best in the city. So why might their days be numbered?


I've done my time in the Certainty Mines of Planonia. It is a barren, desolate place. I recognise many of you from there. I'm here to tell you that you don't need to toil away any more. The future will be a lot better if you do less planning.
Plans feel productive. There's so much advice out there telling you to have a three month, twelve month, five year plan. Don't be caught without a plan! What will people think?


Mining giant Xstrata has said it is paying almost $3bn (£1.9bn) to take over its Australian rival MIM Holdings.
The deal will be partly financed through a $1.4bn (£900m) fund-raising exercise.
Xstrata said the takeover will boost its earnings almost immediately and predicted cost savings of $45m from the deal.
Meanwhile MIM's chief executive Vince Gauci said he did not think the offer price was high enough.
But he said most of the other board members supported the proposed acquisition and would be recommending it to shareholders.
Xstrata said the acquisition will provide what it called "meaningful entry points" into new copper and metallurgical coal markets.
Chief executive Mick Davis said the deal was part of its long term growth ambitions.
"It is wholly in line with our strategy, outlined at the time of our IPO (Initial Public Offering) last year, to leverage Xstrata's size and momentum to build a distinctive, value-focused, diversified metals and mining company."
Xstrata said it expects to complete the acquisition by mid-June.


text:
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date="2012-05-29T01:03:53+03:00"
issue="2011-01"
issue_name="2011 - #01"
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number="21"
file = "https://static.nuclear-power-engineering.ru/articles/2011/01/21.pdf"
first_page="187"
last_page="195"
udc="621.039.54"
title="Main Results of Inspection of the Serviceability of the Fuel Pins Clad with the New Generation Austenitic Steels"
original_title="Основные результаты контроля работоспособности твэлов с оболочками из аустенитных сталей нового поколения"
authors=["BakanovMV", "MaltsevVV", "OshkanovNN", "ChuevVV"]
rubric = "materials"
rubric_name = "Nuclear materials"
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doi="https://doi.org/10.26583/npe.2011.1.21"

+++

The methodology of the post-irradiation inspection of the serviceability of the fuel pins as carried out on the basis of the experience accumulated from the mass primary post-irradiation examination of the condition of the spent BN-600 reactor fuel pins is presented.


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Michigan Man Wins $100K in a Drawing He Didn't Know He'd Entered
George McIntyre Published: September 1, 2022
An Oakland County man has picked up $100,000 from a Michigan Lottery drawing he had no idea he'd entered.
A Surprise Email
Imagine getting an email saying you'd won a huge jackpot from the Michigan Lottery. You'd probably think it was suspicious or even suspect the message was spam, right? That's what happened to the 58-year-old man who was informed via email that he had won.
The man tells the Michigan Lottery that he used the app on his phone to scan a few non-winning lottery tickets. He didn't realize that scanning the tickets with the app made him eligible for the drawing.
"I bought a few of the $300,000,000 Diamond Riches tickets and scanned them on the Lottery app after I scratched them to double check them," the player said. "I never read the back of the ticket, so I didn't know that by scanning them, I earned entries into a giveaway."
After seeing the email informing him that he'd won the August 17 drawing, the man called Michigan Lottery headquarters to make sure everything was on the up and up.
"I saw an email from the Lottery one day notifying me that I'd won a $100,000 prize in the $300,000,000 Diamond Riches second chance drawing. I called the Lottery to see what the email was about, which is when I learned that scanning the tickets had entered me into a drawing. It was such a surprise!"
Big Plans for the Money
The player tells the Michigan Lottery that he plans to use some of the money to help his family.
You Could Be Bob Seger's Neighbor for a Cool $1 Million
Let's just imagine for a moment that you're neighbors with Bob Seger.
Even though you have a beautiful, $1 million home with five bedrooms and six bathrooms, your house is only one-quarter the size of your neighbor's. Also, the Seger's home is worth about eight times as much as yours, valued at about $8.5 million according to Zillow.
But maybe you could become friends, right?
Check out the pics of this house for sale, right across the road from Bob. He's your friend now. You can call him Bob.
Luxury Treehouse Resort in Michigan will Make You Feel Like a Kid Again
Michigan is now home to a luxury treehouse resort, and we can't get enough! High above situated in the trees, this 500+ square foot treehouse is the perfect getaway. Rustic? Yes, but will all the luxury and comforts of home. Surrounded by nature and streams, you'll never want to come down. Take a look inside Tree Vistas located in Ionia, Michigan.
Eight Great Flint Area Locations for Fall Photos With the Family
Fall seems to be one of the most sought-after seasons for family photos. Check out eight great places in the Flint, MI area to get great photos with the leaves changing.
Filed Under: michigan lottery
Categories: Michigan News, Newsletter
Burton Woman Snags $100,000 on the 'Big Spin' Show
Cars 108 Lucky Ticket Tuesday
Dream Big – Mega Millions Jackpot Up To $660 Million
Jackpot – Michigan Man Wins $6 Million On Scratch Off Ticket
Michigan Man Is In The Money After Hitting Lottery Twice
Michigan Man Nearly Forgets About Lottery Ticket, Wins $242K
Playing Mother's Lottery Numbers After Her Death Leads Michigan Woman to Powerball Win
Lotto Fever? These Were the Flint Area Spots for Winning Tickets in 2021
Michigan Woman Wins $1M On Birthday Gift Lotto Ticket


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HomeResearchResearch ExplorerResearchersProf Neil Hanley
Prof Neil Hanley
Professor of Medicine: Endocrine Science
Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology (L5), Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology
Wellcome Trust Senior Fellow in Clinical Sicence
Honorary Consultant Endocrinologist at Manchester Royal Infirmary
Associate Director of Training & Education, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre
Neil Hanley graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 1993 with a MBChB in Medicine and Surgery, and a BSc Hons in Pharmacology. After 'House jobs', he moved to Newcastle to complete early internal medicine postgraduate training and MRCP, after which he began a PhD in Molecular Genetics as a Wellcome Trust Clinical Training Fellow. Two years of the PhD were spent with Dr Keith Parker at UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA. He returned to the UK in 2000 to the University of Southampton, completing speciality training in Endocrinology and Diabetes in 2004 whilst an NIHR Clinician Scientist. He was awarded a personal Chair in 2006 and moved to a Chair of Medicine at the University of Manchester in 2008, as part of the Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Genetics & Developmental Medicine at the Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CMFT). In 2009, he was awarded a Wellcome Trust Senior Fellowship in Clinical Science.
PhD (University of Newcastle)
MRCP (Royal College of Physicians)
MBChB in Medicine and Surgery (University of Edinburgh)
BSc Hons in Pharmacology (University of Edinburgh)
Member of the Society for Endocrinology
Endocrine Society
Association of Physicians
UK National Stem Cell Network Advisory Committee
JDRF Scientific Advisory Board Member
NIHR Trainees Co-ordinating Centre Fellowship Panel
Biology, Medicine and Health (BMH) Domains
Cellular & Developmental Systems
Platform Sciences and Technologies
Donor insulin therapy predicts early graft outcomes in pancreas and islet transplantation
Identification of a primitive intestinal transcription factor network shared between esophageal adenocarcinoma and its precancerous precursor state
Human notochordal cell transcriptome unveils potential regulators of cell function in the developing intervertebral disc
Macromolecular engineering for modulating the response of oxidation-sensitive polymers
Investigating The Role Of Beta1 Integrin In Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation And Liver Fibrosis
Liver cell types derived from pluripotent stem cells


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A few passing clouds, otherwise generally clear. Low 19F. Winds N at 10 to 15 mph..
A few passing clouds, otherwise generally clear. Low 19F. Winds N at 10 to 15 mph.
Melanie Tucker
Melanie joined The Daily Times in the early 90s and has served as the Life section editor since 1993. A William Blount and UT alum, Melanie is generally the early arriver who turns on the lights in the newsroom.
Follow Melanie Tucker
Daily Calendar for Saturday, Jan. 18, 2020
Hauk offers free training, shooting time to armed churchgoers
By Melanie Tucker melt@thedailytimes.com
Houses of worship are just that, but violence and mass shootings like the one in a Texas church in December have left some leaders grappling w…
The ball bounces; Globetrotter grateful for the journey
Had a scout not discovered the basketball talent of Scooter Christensen 16 years ago, he might have gone on to enjoy a career in music or mayb…
Daily Calendar for Friday, Jan. 17, 2020
Blount County Ecumenical Action Council will meet Jan. 28
The Blount County Ecumenical Action Council will meet on Tuesday, Jan. 28, from 11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m. at St. Paul Lutheran Church, 429 Sandy Sp…
Daily Calendar for Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2020
Mdt Format Calendar
Daily Calendar for Tuesday, Jan. 14, 2020
Word has gotten out over the past few years about one local ministry's compassion to serve this community's young people.


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MNN.com > Earth Matters > Wilderness & Resources
New book sheds light on mountain caribou's fight against extinction
Wildlife photographer tracks elusive caribou through their rainforest habitat in Pacific Northwest.
Jaymi Heimbuch
October 22, 2018, 4:12 p.m.
Caribou live in the rainforests of the Pacific Northwest, but they may not survive much longer. (Photo: David Moskowitz)
Picture a herd of caribou. Do you see them grazing lichen on the tundra, with warm breath steaming in the frosty air as they migrate over snow-covered ground? That's what many people think of when caribou cross their mind. But there's another type of caribou, one that lives in the lush green rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.
This is the mountain caribou, an elusive animal that few people see, let alone know about. But one conservation photographer aims to change that.
David Moskowitz spent years tracking mountain caribou and photographing them for a new book, "Caribou Rainforest: From Heartbreak to Hope," which highlights this unique subspecies and the complex melange of cultural, economic and environmental issues that pushed the mountain caribou to the brink of extinction.
In that difficult mix, he also finds beauty and possibility for change. Moskowitz explores what dangers threaten the species and how solutions can be crafted to benefit them, their habitat, and the other species dependent on the same rare rainforest ecosystem — including humans.
We spoke with Moskowitz about his beautiful new book, his experiences tracking and photographing these shy animals, and how we can maintain hope and action when a situation seems dire.
These caribou, like the inland rainforest they evolved in, have gone under the radar of conservation groups and the general public. (Photo: David Moskowitz)
MNN: Your latest book tells a difficult story, as we are so close to losing a unique subspecies of caribou. What originally drew you to this topic?
David Moskowitz: Four years ago, I suddenly found myself with a month of free time in July. I decided to use it to go track down some of these fascinating animals and see if I couldn't pull together images for a short essay on them.
I quickly realized what a unique ecosystem they depend on, and dove into the complexities of the conservation and social challenges we face to care for both these animals and the rainforest.
Watching old-growth trees going down the road on logging trucks and away from prime habitat for an endangered species, and then learning that many of these trees were just going to the pulp mill to make paper products, pretty much sealed the deal for me that I was going to pursue telling this story in as big a way as I can.
Most people have never heard of mountain caribou. What are some of the reasons the subspecies has been overlooked?
These caribou, like the inland rainforest they evolved in, have gone under the radar of conservation groups and the general public for a few reasons. One is they are tucked away between the ultra-charismatic Canadian Rockies and the coastal rainforests of the Pacific Northwest. They are far from population centers. Accessing much of the caribou rainforest requires a ton of work, so recreational access has been limited by both.
Additionally, mountain caribou are super hard to find and observe, so they get less attention than the massive herds of barren ground caribou up in the Arctic. Mountain caribou make a living being hard to find by hiding out in vast tracts of roadless rainforest.
It's really a shame because this ecosystem is absolutely stunning, has tremendous value in terms of ecosystem services it provides, and is actually one of the most unique and endangered forest ecosystems on the planet. Similarly, the survival strategy of these caribou is totally unique to this place on the planet despite the species' range across the Northern Hemisphere. It's stunningly beautiful — one of the most epic series of mountain ranges I've had the privilege to explore.
Some of the photos in 'Caribou Rainforest' took photographer David Moskowitz three years to get. (Photo: David Moskowitz)
In addition to your skills as a photographer and storyteller, you are a professional tracker. What was it like searching out and following these wild caribou? How did working on this story put that side of your wildlife training to the test?
Hah. Well, for me these things went hand in hand from the start of the project. I knew it would be tough to find these animals due to the habitat they live in and their low population numbers. Some images took me three years to get and I wasn't expecting that.
Part of my initial inspiration to pursue this story was the fact that I thought it would be a great adventure trying to find mountain caribou and explore the amazing mountains of the region. I wasn't wrong about that, but I learned so much more and developed my skills as a photographer and a wildlife tracker immensely though the project.
One of the major skills I practiced was camera trapping. After the first field season on this project, I realized that motion-triggered camera traps might be the only way I could get the images I was after. Several years of ups and downs followed as I scoured the landscape, tracking down the best spots to set up camera traps to capture images of mountain caribou, grizzly bears, wolves and other elusive animals in the rainforest.
You're careful to show that many complex factors have added up to create the current dire situation for the mountain caribou. How do you maintain that open and balanced perspective, when it can be so compelling to place blame or demand action?
Well, wildlife conservation is really only very little about wildlife biology. It's really mostly about human relationships and how we manage ourselves.
At its heart, what is unfolding in the caribou rainforest is really about the ongoing impacts of settler colonialism on the indigenous peoples and ecosystem of this region. And it's very clear that the problems this has created don't just affect caribou or the original people of this place. We are all suffering from the unsustainable relationship we have with the natural world.
Most folks I've met on the ground in the caribou rainforest are all really interested in the same things when you boil it down: a way to feed themselves and their families within a cultural context that feels relevant to them. Really it's the same thing mountain caribou want. When I start from that place, it's pretty easy to relate to all sides of this story and a helpful place to start conversations.
That's a lot of what I hope to do with my work on this project — create openings for people to see ourselves as another part of the system we are upending.
That being said, I absolutely believe that we must not only demand action, but take action ourselves. There is too much at stake here not to. What those actions look like vary greatly from person to person, but we all need to put our backs into addressing climate change and an economic model that is robbing future generations of people, caribou, and all sorts of rainforest creatures of the possibility of lives liked with dignity and abundance.
Mountain caribou use the mountain landscape from valley bottom to mountain top. (Photo: David Moskowitz)
Mountain caribou are considered an 'umbrella species.' What does this mean from a conservation perspective?
The unfolding story with mountain caribou is a case study in the concept of the umbrella species, including both its value and its limits. Mountain caribou use the mountain landscape from valley bottom to mountain top, so in order to protect them, you theoretically need to protect every element of the ecosystem.
Ideally this means everything else in this ecosystem should benefit from the protection measures for caribou. This has worked in that there has been substantial amounts of critical habitat set aside from logging for caribou.
However, a lot of the management to keep mountain caribou from going extinct has had little benefit to other species. That's because legislation like the U.S. Endangered Species Act and the Species at Risk Act in Canada have no mandate to deal with ecosystems, just individual species. You can keep a species alive by putting pregnant females in a pen to keep them and calves from getting eaten by predators, but this doesn't do much for endemic salamanders and lichens.
And, with the very real possibility that mountain caribou could disappear from large parts of the rainforest, the habitat for them could be removed from protection once the caribou disappear. Both the USA and Canada have precedent for this happening.
At the end of the day, if the umbrella collapses … well, there are a lot of things that are gonna get pretty wet.
What are some of the personal lessons you learned about this difficult issue while you were documenting this story?
When I came back from many of my trips to the caribou rainforest, I was often very depressed and just wanted to check out. Photographing old-growth rainforest being clearcut, listening to the stories of First Nations struggling to have their legal rights respected … this is a story filled with pain for many. I had to learn how to go through this, not cut it out.
After the first slideshow I did, someone came up to me and said, "Well, it seems hopeless." But I'm full of hope, and I worked with so many people up there who are full of hope. We wake up and go to work to fix things and make a better future, despite knowing the challenges we are facing.
So how do we help bridge this gap, to help people see the travesties of what's happening out there but then also the inspiration to act rather than get lost in grief?
The work of Joanna Macy and her concepts of the "work that reconnects" was really helpful for me and I wove that into the conclusion to the book and into how I present on this story.
Feeling the pain of what's happening in the world, in the caribou rainforest, is part of the process of healing. Pain tells us there is an injury, that something needs attention. It's the signal to pay attention and take action.
If mountain caribou disappear from large parts of the rainforest, their habitat could be removed from protection. (Photo: David Moskowitz)
How can concerned readers get involved in the preservation of mountain caribou and their habitat?
At CaribouRainforest.org we have an action page with links to several conservation groups and specific actions or campaigns they can key into. In a nutshell though, three areas that people can focus on are: climate change, solidarity with indigenous peoples' sovereignty and rights, and specific advocacy around forestry reform and mountain caribou conservation actions in Canada and the USA.
Caribou Rainforest is available for purchase from Braided River. In addition to enjoying this new book, you can also watch "Last Stand: The Vanishing Caribou Rainforest," a documentary short film about the mountain caribou.
Jaymi Heimbuch ( @jaymiheimbuch ) focuses on wildlife conservation and animal news from her home base in San Francisco.
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