Just like every aspect of our lives have evolved tremendously, so has the educational sector. From chalkboards to harnessing the infinite power of information technology, education is being reformed to boost the learning experience. Utilizing simulation and interactive online games like the valuable Civil War Games For Kids is one of the various interactional ways in which education can be converted into an enriching experience for kids.
Simulation means to imitate. An educational simulation is the simulation of some type, for example, a historical simulation about the civil war with the same environment as in the era. Simulated teaching is the technique of learning and training, which develops the ability in an individual regarding problem-solving behavior.
It has been defined as a role-playing technique in which learner performs the role in an artificially created environment. Role-playing allows learners to develop the experience of specific situations by applying their more comprehensive learning and knowledge.
It is not a fixed but rather a dynamic experience since it gives the learner real-time feedback of their actions with the changing scenario that is a result of the user's actions.
For a simulation exercise to be successful, it is essential that the scenario reflect actual practice and genuine situations as closely as possible.
Simulation teaching is affordable and easy to construct, and since it can be paused whenever it also gives the kids time to assess and absorbing what is happening.
By actively involved in a simulation, online game, cognitive and affective abilities are stimulated.
The real-life interaction helps to enhance decision making and problem-solving abilities.
It helps them in accurately applying the principles and theories and understanding the impact.
It generates and deepens their interest in learning more about the subject matter.
Simulation provides hand on experience, which is beneficial for students in the long run since students learn better from their own experiences than having others' experiences related to them.
It merely involves a group of students wherein to pretend to be something they are not and act as they believe that the group would perform.
One of the most significant sources of education simulation activities is a computer. Virtual reality provides ways for students to understand better how the system and environment work and it also helps them a=gauge upon the magnitude of their actions. And also helps in considerable increasing the retention rates.
Making use of simulation from the world wide web.
Running simulation programmes or games on the computer.
If you are a parent's or a teacher interested in teaching kids through synergistic educational resources like games or simulation tools, you can get them enrolled them into online lesson plans, where with the help of simulation, they will learn better and retain the knowledge for longer.


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New Orleans Attorney Brian Katz » Herman Herman & Katz LLC New Orleans, Louisiana » Primerus
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Grand Rapids, Michigan, April 2020 – Despite the Coronavirus pandemic, the International Society of Primerus Law Firms is operating at full capacity in these very unusual times. (more)
Primerus Recognized as "Network Sponsor of the Year" for the Association of Corporate Counsel
Primerus was recognized and honored with the highly coveted "Network Sponsor of the Year" award, for the work done with the ACC International Legal Affairs Network (ILAN). (more)
Primerus Gives Back! – Staff Packs 3,500 lbs. of Sweet Potatoes at Feed West Michigan to Demonstrate its Commitment in Leading the Fight Against Hunger
The International Society of Primerus Law Firms' staff spent the morning volunteering at a Feeding America facility in West Michigan.The Primerus team worked together to label, scoop, seal, pack and box 3,500 lbs. of sweet potatoes – 2 lbs. per bag! (more)
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Herman Herman & Katz, LLC Firm Profile
New Orleans Attorney
Brian D. Katz
Email: bkatz@hhklawfirm.com
Brian D. Katz is a partner of Herman, Herman & Katz, L.L.C. Mr. Katz attended the University of Alabama, where he was the President of the College of Communication (1990-1991) and Zeta Beta Tau fraternity (1989-1991), as well as a member of the Blue Key Honor Society and the Order of Omega. After receiving his B.A. from the University of Alabama, Mr. Katz attended Tulane University School of Law, where he received his J.D. in January of 1996. While at Tulane, Mr. Katz clerked for the Orleans Parish Juvenile Indigent Defender's Office and at HH&K. Immediately upon graduation, he joined his father, Morton H. Katz, in the family practice.
Developing a broad civil practice, Mr. Katz has handled plaintiff cases including personal injury, construction, highway and premises liability, products liability and attorney fee disputes. He has also defended commercial litigation, legal malpractice, products liability, construction, civil RICO matters, and has experience litigating matters throughout the state and federal courts in the State of Louisiana. Mr. Katz has also spoken at and moderated continuing legal education programs presented by the Louisiana Association for Justice and the National Business Institute.
Mr. Katz has memberships in the Federal Bar Association, the Louisiana Bar Association, the American Association for Justice (where he has been named an "Advocate" in litigation), the Louisiana Association for Justice (where he is presently a member of the Auto Torts Section), the Louisiana Bar Foundation, and he serves as a Senior Fellow for the Litigation Counsel of America. Mr. Katz has served on the President's Advisory Board of the Louisiana Association for Justice.
Mr. Katz is also heavily involved in civic work and serves on the boards of the Jewish Federation of Greater New Orleans and the Jewish Community Center. Mr. Katz served as President of the Jewish Community Center from 2011 to 2013, and Chair of its Capital Campaign which concluded in 2016. Mr. Katz was Co-chair for the Jewish Federations of North America National Young Leadership from 2011 to 2012. Over the years, he has been acknowledged for his volunteer efforts and has received several awards for his civic work such as the Anne Goldsmith Hanaw and J. Jerome Hanaw Tikkun Award (2004), John N. Weinstock Leadership Award (2005), Maurice Feingertz Memorial Leadership Award (2006), the Esther Leah Ritz Next Generation of JCC Leadership Award (2006), and was selected to the United Way of Southeast Louisiana's Alexis de Tocqueville Society (2013).
Electrocutions
Offshore Maritime
18 Wheeler Trucking
Property Insurance/Damage
Civil Rico
Court Admissions:
Louisiana; U.S.D.C. Eastern, Middle and Western Districts of Louisiana; U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals
Tulane University School of Law, J.D. 1996
University of Alabama – Tuscaloosa, B.A. 1991
Louisiana State Bar Association
Louisiana Association for Justice, President's Advisory Council (1999-2000)
Federal Bar Association
Litigation Counsel of America, Senior Fellow
The American Trial Lawyers Association
Louisiana Bar Foundation – Kids' Chance Committee – 2014 to present
University of Alabama College of Communication, President (1990-1991); University of Alabama Zeta Beta Tau, President (1989-1991); University of Alabama Blue Key Honor Society, Member; Order of Omega, Member; Martindale-Hubbell AV Rating; New Orleans City Business Leadership in Law Recipient (2009 and 2015); New Orleans Magazine Top Lawyers in New Orleans (2009, 2011 – 2013); Best Lawyers in America (2012- present); Louisiana's Best Lawyers (2012-present); Louisiana Super Lawyers (2013-2017); Jewish Community Center President (2011-2013); Jewish Federations of North America, National Young Leadership Co-Chair (2011-2012).
"Liens and Settlements in Plaintiff's Personal Injury Practice," National Business Institute (November 6, 2008); "Getting the Most Coverage When a Disaster Hits," Disaster Preparedness Summit, Houston, TX., (July 2008); "Plaintiff's Personal Injury: Practice Tips and Applications," National Business Institute (2008); "How to Hammer Allstate," LTLA Seminar (1999). Jewish Federations of North America: Campaign and Inspirational presentations 2007-2012 (Philadelphia, Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, Las Vegas, Orlando, Denver, and Pittsburg). Legal Secretaries International – "Tort Reform" (2012). "Live Long and Prosper – The Written Discovery Plan: Creating your Plan to Get the Most Out of Your Written Discovery for Effective Use at Trial," LSBA Seminar (December 2013).
"When Disaster Strikes, Know the Drill," Trial Magazine (June 2013).
Reported Cases:
Coto v. J. Ray McDermott, S.A., 772 So.2d 828 (La.App.4th Cir., 2000); Stuck v. Long, 909 So.2d 686 (La.App. 2 Cir. 2005); Miller v. Entergy Services, Inc., 913 So.2d 143 (La.App 4 Cir. 2005); Peters v. Safeco, 2008 WL 544226, E.D.La. 2008; Van Vulpen v. City of New Orleans, 2004 WL 3329732, La. Dist. Ct. November 29, 2004 (No. 02-3265); Loria v. Petunia's Restaurant, 852 So. 2d 510, 2002-1712 ( La. App. 4th Cir. 7/9/03); Hanover v. Latter & Blum Property Management, Inc., 2008 WL 2067060, E.D.La., May 14, 2008; Lobell v. Rosenberg, 2015 WL 5972548 (No. 2015-C-0247); 158 So.3d 874, La.App. 4 Cir., Jan. 07, 2015; writ granted 169 So.3d 366, La., May 01, 2015; reversed and remanded 186 So.3d 83, La., Oct. 14, 2015; 184 So.3d 850, La.App. 4 Cir., Jan. 27, 2016; rehearing denied, Mar. 09, 2016; writ denied — So.3d —, La., May 27, 2016.
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Law Firm Contact: Brian D. Katz
Website: www.hhklawfirm.com
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Travel Concerns
Home » News » USA Today » Baltimore Ravens QB Lamar Jackson tests positive for coronavirus, according to report
Baltimore Ravens QB Lamar Jackson tests positive for coronavirus, according to report
USA Today November 26th, 2020 USA Today Share:
Chris Bumbaca, USA TODAY Published 7:57 p.m. ET Nov. 26, 2020 | Updated 8:40 a.m. ET Nov. 27, 2020CLOSE What I'm Hearing: Mike Jones was on hand for a playoffs rematch between the Ravens and Titans and saw what seems to be two teams trending in very different directions. USA TODAYBaltimore Ravens quarterback Lamar Jackson has tested positive for coronavirus.A person with knowledge of the situation confirmed Jackson's positive COVID-19 test to USA TODAY Sports' Mike Jones. The person spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the sensitive nature of the issue.NFL Network was the first to report the positive test.The Ravens reported additional positive tests earlier Thursday, the day their game against the undefeated Pittsburgh Steelers was originally scheduled to be played. The contest has been postponed to Sunday at 1:15 p.m. ET on NBC. All signs point to backup Robert Griffin III starting behind center with Jackson out.Griffin took to Twitter late Thursday to express support for his teammates and to say that dealing with "this outbreak within the team is bigger than football."Praying for my brother @Lj_era8 and every player, staff member and their families dealing with COVID-19. Ensuring the safety of the entire organization is important.Handling
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Six images UFO "vintage" still unexplained. Original article by Alessandro Brizzi.
A collection of 1,957 images representing UFO cases that have yet to find a convincing explanation. However, some may be explained as mistakes in development or spots on the film. But there are some that are authentic mysteries!
The US government is not yet able to account for about 5% of UFO sightings in his files. A team of "UFO Hunters" has found some of the best images to see if the big network audience is able to shed light on some of these "cold case". The complete collection of images is visible on Aerial Phenomena and includes mysterious spheres, unexplained and strange gleams aircraft unidentifiable. Some pictures were taken by US Air Force pilots. A number of unresolved cases have recently been made public by the US government, providing an archive of about 12,000 registered x-files between 1947 and 1969.
This picture was taken in 1957 by an American pilot during a test flight near Edwards Air Force Base, California.
In the night between 24 and 25 February 1942, there was a wave of air raid warnings throughout Southern California. initially at least, it was believed that the flak was responding to a real Japanese air raid, until the Secretary of Navy Frank Knox, at a press conference shortly after the facts, not declassified the incident as a "false alarm". However, the newspapers of the time they released very soon a series of sensational revelations, suspecting a cover-up action. In 1983 the historic office of the United States Air Force concluded that the initial alarm was caused by weather balloons!
In the summer of 1966, an official flight photographed two bright balls of red Swiss whiz on the airport Zurich-Kloten. The picture was later disclosed by Swissair pilot Ferdinand Schmid.
In 2012, a passenger aboard the flight from Hong Kong party and directed towards China's southeastern photographer has a flying object that seemed to accompany the aircraft during the crossing.
The sighting of Lubbock (Lubbock Lights) is a case of mass UFO sighting. It consisted in the sighting of a formation of lights that flew over the city of Lubbock, Texas. The phenomenon manifested itself several times by 'August-September 1951. The sighting was widely publicized at the national level and is considered one of the first cases of mass sightings of unidentified flying objects in the USA.
← Machu Picchu, definition and study. A-Z index of Cognitio.


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New building set to open Spring 2020
Liz Acevedo December 2, 2019 December 2, 2019
The new General Academics and Music Building is almost ready to open its doors.
According to Lorette Williams, the executive director of communications and marketing, the building will be open in time for Spring 2020.
"Del Mar College will receive the Certification of Occupancy for the building later this week," Williams said. "The plan is to move staff and faculty into the building during the winter break."
Illeana Farias, a kinesiology major, is excited to be in the new building.
"I have two of my math classes in the new building next semester," Farias said. "I'm tempted to see what it looks like inside.
The building will bring the DMC student body, faculty and staff new classrooms, furniture and technology.
Kris Segura, a psychology major, said it'll be nice to have classes in a newer building.
"I am excited for the new atmosphere," Segura said. "All of my classes so far have been in the Memorial and Heritage Building. It's something Del Mar really needed."
Classes in the new building will include music, psychology, sociology, speech, math, humanities, anthropology, English, government and history.
Eduardo Garcia, a first year student, feels like it'll be the first day of school all over again once the doors open.
"I have one English class in there next semester and I think it's going to be fun trying to find my class with everyone else."
A student lounge area will overlook the Mike Anzaldúa Plaza.
One of the many classrooms in the new General Academics and Music Building.
Floorplans for the rooms unfinished are spread around the floors. Some of the subjects that will be taught will be music, speech, math and history.
A look at the stairs students will be able to relax on near the current music building.
Tagged General Academic and Music Building Phase 2
⟵ New degree programs set to start Spring 2020
Music students earn state honors ⟶


Join us at SAP TechEd Barcelona 2016 to find out how the SAP Web IDE assists you in your journey of digital transformation. More than ever, the SAP Web IDE is key to multiple development scenarios, prominently used in various sessions and topics…Fiori… Mobile… SAP HANA… S/4HANA… IoT.
Want to find out more about our sessions?
Adidas presents how they started with SAPUI5 development, following processes and standards from other Web-development frameworks and how they delivered a new user experience to their SAP software systems. Adidas explains about the obstacles in the past and the challenges they still have with development using SAP Fiori, how they are now following the SAP Fiori UX guidelines, and how SAP Web IDE enhancements are close to the Web-development processes followed by Adidas.
Nestlé embarked on a journey to redesign and mobilize its UX. From the initial participation in the CEI of WATT to today's adoption of SAP Web IDE and SAP HANA Cloud Platform, we've learned a lot: how to deploy SAPUI5 & SAP Fiori apps in large landscapes, adopt SAP Fiori while migrating to SAP HANA, and embrace cloud technology. Today, Nestlé is exploring new possibilities with SAPUI5 and SAPFiori, incorporating Design Thinking & Agile methodology, and aligning UX principles based on SAP Fiori.
In this session, you will be able to experience SAP Web IDE as we present the various use cases scenarios and tools (existing and new) that provide a simple and efficient way for developing the new user experience from SAP. You'll learn how SAP Web IDE leverages its solution to create actionable benefits for its end users.
There are multiple delivery options for SAP Web IDE – SAP HANA Cloud Platform, SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model, and a local/personal edition. In this session, we will present an overview of SAP Web IDE, its newest capabilities and benefits, and lay out its road map and the strategy for the future.
In this session we will demonstrate the end to end lifecycle of a mobile-optimized SAP Fiori app from a developer's perspective. We will demonstrate creating an SAP Fiori app with SAP Web IDE and extending it with mobile qualities via the mobile service for SAP Fiori. We'll then transform it into a hybrid app and test it on a mobile device, all with zero footprint for local tooling. Once complete, SAP will show the resulting app in Mobile Place and cover all aspects of lifecycle management.
Get an overview of SAP's strategic UI technologies and clients and how they support the SAP Fiori and SAP S/4HANA software strategy. Learn about key characteristics and road maps and see them in action in live demos.
User Assistance in SAP Web IDE: How can we help you better?
Tell us what would make your experience with SAP Web IDE smoother. What information would you want to get started using the IDE? Are you aware of the latest features? Is it clear what they do and how to use them? If you have a question, do you know where to turn? Do you feel that you understand SAP Web IDE – and its place in the SAP landscape? We want to make sure that everything is clear to you about working with SAP Web IDE, and that you have all the information you need at all times.
In this session you will receive a first look at the new SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA supporting native development with SAP HANA. We will show how to build database development artifacts, Node.js-based services, and user interfaces for SAP Fiori apps and SAPUI5 based upon the advanced model of SAP HANA extended application services, as well as the development infrastructure of SAP HANA using the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA.
In this session we will provide an overview of all the new developer-related features that were introduced in SAP HANA SPS 11 and SPS 12, as well as look ahead to the near future. There will be a special focus on the SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model, the deployment infrastructure for SAP HANA (aka HDI), and SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA. You will get an overview of how all these recently introduced technologies improve and expand the development options for SAP HANA.
Want to code it for yourself?
Learn how to read and write data back to SAP S/4HANA. You will see how to quickly develop UIs by using a SAP Fiori UX template on top of the application logic and data for SAP S/4HANA.
Build your first extension for SAP Web IDE through which you can add new development capabilities and features. With these extensions, you can connect to other services and environments such as software development solutions. You can add the features you need to improve the development experience and increase productivity. In this session, you will create an extension for SAP Web IDE with your own UI and logic and then test it – all while using SAP Web IDE as the development environment.
Enhance SAP Web IDE by adding your own SAPUI5 project templates. With SAP Web IDE extensions, you can add new SAPUI5 project templates dedicated to your business application. This will make new development easier and help you create standardized applications with the same look and feel. In this session, you will create an extension for SAP Web IDE with your own SAPUI5 project template and use it to create a new SAPUI5 application – all while using SAP Web IDE as the development environment.
In this session we will review common mistakes done in SAPUI5 coding and how the new tools in SAP Web IDE enable you to identify and address them. Issues such as performance, semantic XML errors, best practices for SAP Fiori, etc. After this session, you should be able to identify them before deployment.
Ever wanted to create an SAP Fiori app based on existing REST service? Need to go beyond the OData services which are used by SAP Fiori? Have a REST service that need to be integrated in an existing SAP Fiori app? No need to create a new OData API. See how you can use SAP Web IDE and consume any REST service in your application.
We will discuss aspects of life cycle, continuous integration, and other topics that go beyond SAP Fiori development.
Learn how to use the SAP Splash studio and Build tool to quickly design and prototype an engaging SAP Fiori app. Discover how to transition this prototype into a working SAP Fiori app using SAP Web IDE.
Join us for a hands-on session on how to build your own mobile app based on the SAP Fiori user experience (UX) using the mobile services that run on SAP HANA Cloud Platform, along with SAP API Management. Learn how to create your own API proxy, consume it in SAP Web IDE, and enhance the project with mobile qualities.
In this session we will introduce you to the new concepts of the deployment infrastructure for SAP HANA (aka HDI) as well as the new tooling that is part of SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA. We will learn the latest techniques for development using core data services to model your base entities and associations, and will use the graphical calculation view editor within SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA. We will also show how to view and debug your runtime objects using the runtime tools for SAP HANA (aka HRTT).
With SAP HANA SPS 11, SAP has introduced a major new application server architecture: SAP HANA extended application services, advanced model. This new architecture is based upon Cloud Foundry and the concepts of microservices. It expands the support runtimes to include Node.js and Apache Java- based development. In this session we will develop a first Node.js-based application using SAP HANA extended application services and SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA.
Grab the opportunity to enrich your knowledge and "meet the experts" to ask questions, network with experts and peers, find out the future directions of SAP Web IDE, watch and build demos. You get to choose between three great locations this year: Las Vegas, Bangalore, and Barcelona. If you still need another reason to register, watch Bjoern Goerke's video invite!


Or does it really? I hope that everyone had a fabulous weekend! I am recovering at work and it's amazing that I don't have my eye squeezed up to a viewfinder. Crazy, crazy the amount of time that I spent shooting over a 3 day period.
I'll have pictures to come of my back-to-back weddings and a stylized shoot for Gina's rebrand! Holy hannah. I was so blessed to work with some amazing looking people this weekend. Like I said, pictures to come. Words just won't do them justice.
In the meantime, I'd like to share with you the most amazing cold salad that you will ever consume in your life. I mean it. I first got to taste this fabulous treat at my friend Abby's baby shower last spring . . . it literally has made my mouth water every time that I have thought of it since!
I was unable to attend the annual RibFest at my friend's parents house, but it is my goal every year that Aaron's Mom Paulette request the recipe for which ever item I bring. Just because I wasn't there wasn't going to impede me, even if I had to make it Friday night due to time constraints! Sure enough, I was successful! :) Abby, I'm still grateful your Mom shared this dish with me.
From Ina Garten the Barefoot Contessa - Roasted Shrimp Salad.
***If you're a Minnesotan reader, hop on down to the Holy Land on Central. Not only will you score some great pita bread and hummus, but they sell the best feta at $4.50/lb. Such a great deal!
Looks and sound Tastay! You sound like one busy bee! I can't wait to see pics. It doesn't sound like the knee slowed you down at all!!!
YUM - I made something like this a few weeks ago!
And Holy Land - best place ever!


The Southern Nevada Water Authority was talking about this for a couple years and now it is official.
From May 1 through Aug. 31, watering restrictions prohibit landscape irrigation between the hours of 11 a.m. and 7 p.m. Sunday watering also is prohibited. During the hottest hours of the day, water is often lost to evaporation from the heat and high winds.
Water your landscape early in the morning, before sunrise, to reduce evaporation caused by wind and heat. Experts agree that running drip irrigation less frequently is much better for plants than daily watering.
We will verify your irrigation timer to set the schedule according to the latest watering restrictions.
JP @ Home Watcher LV.


Download Adobe Photoshop CS3 Portable free for Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows 10. Photoshop Cs3 Portable Filehippo is applicable for both 32-bits and 64-bits systems.
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PhotoShop CS3 Portable.exe is the main key for successful photographers to enhance their work in a more effective way to make their work more attractive. Some advanced and complex tools help photographers to accomplish the state of the art digital imaging.
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Combining oak and white lacquer the master of Slow Design – Susanna Cost, created this luminous and utterly welcoming home situated on the hills of Barcelona. The house features: living room, dining room, kitchen, family room, a suite, three bedrooms, five bathrooms and the terrace – the last of which is a paradise of tranquility and inviting comfort. Clad in dark wood juxtaposed to the modern white furniture pieces the terrace offers privileged view and enjoyable open space. Throughout the house, the designer had used a play between the natural wood cladding and furnishing and white finishing that create a classy and warm experience. This in combination with artistic attention towards the detail creates charismatic and unforgettable atmosphere.
In the main living premises, trendy pieces of furniture: like the shining brass coffee tables or the extremely comfy-looking chairs that surround the rustic style dining table; are combined with soft textures, designers pieces of lamps and lighting installations and beautiful art and ceramics details. This creates an entertaining and welcoming space for family and friends time. The main focal point of the premise becomes the unusually angled contemporary fireplace with its alternation of colors, materials and voids and solids. The kitchen, on the other hand, is decided in minimalist white with a functional selection of appliances and materials – which makes it highly utilitarian space with modernistic appearance.


The lovely ladies at Planet Blue gave me this dress a couple months back and I'd be lying if I said I've been wearing it sparingly. I reach for it every time the weather cooperates and can't get enough of the low-cut back, flirty length and summery pattern. Though I usually pair it with canvas Tom's, I made the mistake of wearing my new platforms (that look identical to the Miu Mius I posted here) on an all-day shopping excursion with my mom. I always seem to forget that her energy levels exceed those of myself and all of my friends combined.


A grade point average (GPA) of 2.0 (C) or better (on a 4.0 scale) on the high school graduation transcripts or on the GED test or an equivalent test is required for admission to the undergraduate-level programs. Applicants whose academic backgrounds do not meet the GPA requirement for admission will be reviewed by the Admissions Committee for conditional acceptance and will be considered for admission to a regular undergraduate status after completing a minimum of twelve units of coursework with an overall grade point average of 2.0 or better. If the student falls below 2.0 at the end of the first term, he/she may continue on conditional status for one additional term, after that the student missing the standard should be suspended for one term, or expelled. Consideration for admission to the BS degree program also requires the following procedures: a. The Scholastic Level Examination (SLE) with a passing score of 22 or above (this requirement is waived for applicants who already have a Bachelor's degree) and b. Interview with the Program Director.
All applicants have to meet the University's general admission requirements, as well as the above degree admission requirements. In addition, international applicants need to meet the international admission requirements.


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La strada provinciale 63 Bivio Lizzo Castel di Casio è una strada provinciale italiana della città metropolitana di Bologna.

Percorso
Inizia dall'innesto sulla SP 40 e sale verso est fino a circa 770 m di quota. Nella stessa direzione scende, con diversi tornanti, fino a Castel di Casio, paese in cui la provinciale si immette nella SP 52.

Collegamenti esterni
 SP 63 Bivio Lizzo Castel di Casio

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Developing an established brand for publicity materials and ongoing marketing.
Barnardo's had been commissioned by Bucks County Council to run eleven new Centres. They are still Sure Start Centres, like any other Children's Centres you may have heard about, but they are run by Barnardo's staff rather than County Council employees.
Barnardo's where looking for a way to identify the new Barnardo's Children's Centres in Bucks, they wanted a common logo with the ability of naming them individually, based on location.
Key staff consulted with children and selected the child's image of caterpillar and butterfly.
The developed logo would need to be applied to uniforms, letterheads, signage, and all other promotional material. There are a total of 11 centres each requiring variants of the new brand.
All the branding needed to be in keeping with the current Barnardo's guidelines and in sympathy with the main sponsors' requirements.
Combining the established Barnardo's logo we recreated the childlike illustration of the caterpillar and butterfly. This is now the basis for all the visual branding of the 11 Buckinghamshire centres staffed by Barnardo's.
This has resulted in the design of a general leaflet used by all the staff at the centres as an introductory publicity item. Illustrations provided the basis for a clean and accessible feel, while the use of clear space allowed the reader to access the detailed information quickly.


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ELEANOR MCCOLL
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For her tenth birthday, Eleanor McColl was given a toy camera. Even now, it is impossible for her to forget this gift, since it changed the course of her life. She was totally rapt with her little camera and captured all the subjects that drew her budding artist's eye. Later, she studied fine arts at the University of Bristol and, unsurprisingly, specialised in photography. There, she discovered an interest in combining disciplines and soon stood out for her vibrant photomontages, influenced by her favourite artist: David Hockney. In 1999, she left England and flew to Hong Kong. She pursued her artistic career there, focusing on the urban environments that she depicts through her imaginative photomontages, which are always made by hand. Passionate about mixtures of textures and colours, she offers her audience a new way of seeing the world. ... Vedi di più Vedere di meno
With the Jardine Skies series, English artist Eleanor McColl pays tribute to one of her favourite buildings: Jardine House in Hong Kong. Each image is the result of three shots. The first two are created at the foot of the building and the difference between them is their focus, respectively sharp and blurry. Using these two shots, she creates a photomontage by hand. She plays with geometric shapes and optical illusions, dedicating the last shot to the final result of the photomontage.


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Tag: insurgency
Kajaki and Power Politics
2011-12-13 / Vikash Yadav / 0 Comments
Like the ancient Greco-Buddhist colossi of Bamiyan, the High-Modernist era Kajaki dam is a product of foreign influences and has been a mute witness as well as an occasional victim of domestic political disarray and failed attempts to integrate and incorporate Afghanistan into contending spheres of influence. Each alternate modern (i.e., capitalist, communist, islamist, praetorian) or anti-traditional/utopian fundamentalist (i.e., Deobandi) ideology has attempted to inscribe the future of Afghanistan on this palimpsest.
The dam was built from 1946 to 1953 as part of what became known as the Helmand Valley Authority (HVA) project in Afghanistan. It was funded initially by King Zahir Shah and later, as funds ran low, from loans by the United States (Washington Post 8/7/2011). The vast project was obviously modeled on the Great Depression era Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) project. The belief in the High Modernist era of development planning was that massive infrastructural investment was the key to setting off a virtuous circle of self-reinforcing economic growth. Although that model of development is highly discredited today for environmental and political as well as practical reasons, the dam, irrigation canals, and highways associated with the project did eventually help to transform the landscape into a fertile valley. By the mid-seventies, the dam had two Westinghouse 16.5 MW turbines to generate electricity for the entire valley. This project was for its time, one of the most expensive US foreign assistance projects in history.
With the Saur Revolution, insurrection, Soviet invasion, and civil war the dam naturally fell into a brief period of disrepair. The occupying Soviet forces prioritized linking Kabul directly to the Soviet power grid. However, they also built gas turbines and diesel generators in several other Afghan cities and towns. Czechoslovakia was given the task of restoring the dam and they provided much of the equipment to "modernize" the Kajaki dam and increase its irrigation capacity. By 1982, the dam's power lines were restored and power flowed once again to Alexander's city, Kandahar, in the neighboring province. Not surprisingly, the dam soon attracted several Mujahedeen attacks on Soviet and PDPA soldiers guarding the site. With the Soviet withdrawal and the warlord period, the dam and associated infrastructure again fell into disrepair.
By the late nineties as order returned across much of Afghanistan, the Taliban expressed hopes that their increasingly warm friendship with the US (which seemed all too willing to overlook Taliban abuses toward women and minorities at the time) would mean that Americans would return to Helmand to once again fix the dam's power generating units and particularly the silted irrigation canals (Philadelphia Inquirer 1/19/1997). The irrigation canals associated with the HVA were now vital to the production of the world's largest supply of opium and Afghanistan's main export, even though the Taliban had officially announced plans to stamp out the crop.
When US assistance for the dam did not materialize a few years later, the Taliban turned to Pakistan and China for assistance. The Pakistanis, who increasingly saw Afghanistan as a colony or at least a "gateway to Central Asia" after the Soviet withdrawal and collapse, were committed to restoring electricity and promoting a modicum of stability and development in order to consolidate the gains of their Taliban client regime. Under the Lahore Agreement, Pakistan planned to build a high voltage transmission line to connect the Afghan city of Jalalabad directly to Pakistan's own electricity grid. In Helmand, the Pakistanis proposed to build new sluice gates to increase the power generation and irrigation capacity of the dam. These plans obviously came to a screeching halt in September 2001.
During the initial US invasion of Afghanistan, the dam's power station was deliberately targeted by American forces (Guardian 12/20/2001). Once the US occupied Afghanistan, the teams switched sides and the dam became the target of the Taliban while the US played defense. In 2003, a force of sixty Taliban were captured after firing three rockets at the dam — all of which missed the target (Philadelphia Inquirer, 5/3/2003).
In 2006, the US gave $1.4 billion to two private contractors to increase the amount of power generated by the Kajaki dam by adding a third turbine and also repairing a large power plant in Kabul. Adding the third turbine to the dam entailed a famous 2008 mission, Operation Kryptonite, in which 3,000 British troops protected 100 vehicle convoy as it hauled a gigantic turbine across a 180 km of insurgent dominated areas. Apparently between 15 to 200 insurgents were killed (depending on which account one believes) during this Hollywood style "Wild West" stagecoach mission.
The mission "succeeded" in reaching the forward operating base but repairs and installation of the new turbine was painstakingly slow – the third turbine has never been unpacked. Repairs to the dam were supposed to be finished by 2008. By mid 2009 auditors were complaining that the two plants (Kajaki and Kabul) combined were only generating 12MW instead of the originally contracted 140MW (USA Today 11/11/2009). Plans for adding the third turbine were deferred indefinitely after a Chinese subcontractor abandoned the site. US taxpayers have since paid a $1 million per month to guard the dam while the program was suspended to look for another subcontractor and to make the road to the dam "secure."
In the interim, US and ISAF forces performed annual surges to tame the provinces of Helmand and Kandahar. An inattentive and uncritical American and European public was repeatedly told by blatant propaganda that this time the province had finally been secured, only to witness a repeated need for a surge of troops and bribes the next year. Despite these surges, ISAF soldiers soldiers openly admit that their influence does not extend beyond 500 meters of their security bases (see Daily Mail 10/8/2011).
The electricity grid once again became a priority issue for American generals during a surge in the neighboring province of Kandahar in 2010, when the generals realized that restoring electric power was critical to winning over the civilian population and defeating the Taliban. They took $106 million dollars in discretionary funding to pay for new generators and all the diesel fuel necessary to power the grid for four years (Globe and Mail, 7/11/11). No provisions were made for the Afghan government to restock the fuel after four years and the government lacked the staff to monitor or repair the system.
Finally, having failed to stabilize the province, much less fix the electricity supply, ISAF forces have simply declared victory and they have begun to hand over responsibility to ill trained Afghan Security Forces in preparation for a withdrawal in 2014.
In November 2011, it was reported that water levels in the reservoir had dropped by 20 meters over several months endangering the ability of the dam to generate any electricity if another 5 meters were lost (Shamsad TV, 11/23/2011). The electricity generation which had reached 20MW was now back down to 12MW. The drop in water also threatened the agricultural capacity of the valley which was already threatened by drought.
This week (12/13/2011) with a 50% cut to the USAID budget, the US is considering permanently deferring the installation of the third turbine and instead calling it a day after simply refurbishing the existing two turbines, power lines, and substations. What was once seen as essential to winning hearts and minds is now on the chopping block of a cost-benefit analysis.
Thus, the dam remains a symbol of false promises and failed efforts to reorient decisively Afghanistan's future. But even if the dam were made operational, it would still remain problematic. Somewhere in the many struggles to "modernize" this modern dam, it became an end rather than a means to development. The broader failings of an unsustainable infrastructure-led development model were never unpacked and thought through. The dam represents a desperate hope that there is a short cut to development, prosperity, and peace.
[Cross-posted from Humanyun]
#Insurgency: Warring Over Somalia….On Twitter
2011-12-07 / Alana Tiemessen / 0 Comments
Al-Shabaab, the Islamic insurgency wreaking havoc in Somali, appears to have joined Twitter. The @HSMPress (Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen press office) feed has a trickle of followers and posts today that offer some fighting words on the AU's peacekeeping efforts and the Kenyan military intervention, and laud al-Shabaab's cause and martyrs.
@HSMPress with the rising economic burden of operation Linda Nchi, the much-hyped #Kenyan invasion has faltered quite prematurely.
Reports are that Kenyan troops, who are retaliating for al-Shabaab's cross-border incursions, have gained ground. But critics question the legitimacy of the intervention, are concerned about regional spillover, and warn that the foreign incursions of the both the AU and Kenya play into al-Shabaab's propaganda. Kenya announced today that it will be integrating troops into the 9,000 strong AU forces in Mogadishu.
Not to be outdone, the Twitter propaganda machine has a Kenyan side. A Kenyan military spokesman has a Twitter account under @MajorEChirChir and regularly tweets about impending and successful attacks on al-Shabaab under #OperationLindaNchi.
@MajorEChirChir #OperationLindaNchi KDF bombed 2 Al shabaab camps south of Afmadow town, killing several Al Shabaab & destroyed technical vehicles.
(There is also a Facebook page for the Operation, in case you feel inclined to "like" it).
Reports are that Kenyan troops, who are retaliating for al-Shabaab's cross-border incursions, have gained ground. But critics question the legitimacy of the intervention, are concerned are regional spill-over, and warn that the foreign incursions of both the AU and Kenya play into al-Shabaab's propaganda. Kenya announced today that it will integrating troops into the 9,000 strong AU forces in Mogadishu.
@MajorEChirChir and @HSMPress are not following each other…yet. As others have noted, to follow is not to endorse.
Terror, Counter-Terror, and Insurgency in Harry Potter, or Why Harry Won
2011-07-21 / Daniel Nexon / 8 Comments
In the waning days of classes, one of my colleagues asked a student if she'd been among those celebrating outside of the White House the night that President Obama announced the killing of Osama Bin-Laden. "Of course," she responded, "I mean, they got Voldemort!"
For many readers who aged along with its titular hero, the Harry Potter series inextricably intertwines with the war on terrorism. This connection stems from more than a mere accident of timing. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000) provides readers their first glimpse of the Death Easters as they carry out a terror attack against the wizarding's greatest sporting event, the Quidditch World Cup. The Goblet of Fire also expands upon themes first introduced in The Prisoner of Azkaban (1999): state policies of arbitrary detention, torture, wrongful imprisonment, star-chamber style justice, and the use of all four by officials to advance their careers.
Such tropes surely already resonated in the United Kingdom—the "Good Friday" accords were, after all, signed in 1998—but they took on new dimensions with the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the Bush Administration's policy responses. Indeed, for those inclined to see Harry Potter as, at least in part, a parable for terrorism, counter-terrorism, and the flawed responses of the state, the Goblet of Fire's sequels—Harry Potter and the Order of the Pheonix (2003) and Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2006)—do not disappoint.
In Order of the Pheonix we find the Minister of Magic, Cornelius Fudge, refusing to accept that Voldemort has returned. This denial extends to Dolores Umbridge's efforts to discredit and vilify Harry Potter. These failures of leadership allow Voldemort and his Death Eaters to wage a low-level campaign of terror, murder, and intimidation. Although fans disagree about whether or not the Death Eaters retain their cellular organization from the previous conflict, the only evidence to the contrary concerns Voldemort's inner circle. It is clear, however, that power and authority among the Death Eaters is highly centralized in Voldemort's hands.
As is so often the case in politically unstable environments, Fudge worries most not about the possible threat posed by Voldemort, but that Dumbledore seeks to replace him as head of the Ministry. Given Dumbledore's own political views, particularly with respect to the treatment of sentient magical creatures, Fudge's attitude made a certain amount of pervese sense. Rowling's account of the politics of the wizarding world suggest that the Death Eaters' ideology—essentially one of wizard racial supremacy over muggles and muggle-born wizards and witches—is, in some ways, less revolutionary than that of Dumbledore's embrace of radical inter-species equality. And, of course, Dumbledore does lead a clandestine paramilitary organization: the Order of the Phoenix.
The Order operates as a secret counter-terror squad determined to stop the Death Eaters even without help from the Ministry. Its structure is, in fact, rather similar to that of the Death Eaters. Through both Order of the Phoenix and Half-Blood Prince, the two groups fight a shadow war that extends into the ranks of the ministry itself. The Order's main advantage in this struggle involves superior intelligence: that provided by Severus Snape and by Dumbledore's investigations. Indeed, the film version of the Half-Blood Prince's (2009) main contributions to advancing the series' arc center on Harry's and Dumbledore's efforts to gain intelligence necessary to defeat Voldemort—the nature, existence, and number of his horcruxes.
Even after indisputable proof of Voldemort's return at the end of Order of the Phoenix costs Fudge his job, the Ministry remains, at best, an uncertain ally of the Order. The Ministry proves unwilling to take concerted action against a number of likely Death Eaters—not out of a concern for due process, but rather an unwillingness to overly antagonize powerful members of the community. Instead, it engages in ineffectual "security theater," including incarcerating innocent wizards and witches as suspected Death Eaters. The film version of the Half-Blood Prince drives the resulting fear and uncertainty home by adding a scene in which two of Voldemort's most powerful lieutenants—Belatrix Lestrange and Fenrir Greyback—attack the Burrow, lure its defenders away, and then burn its upper floors to the ground.
The Ministry's preference for counter-terror show over substance allows the Death Eaters to subvert it from within. The nature of the conflict changes radically in The Deathly Hallows, Part I (2010), and not simply because of Dumbledore's (willing) defenestration at Snape's hands. Voldemort, through his agents, seizes control of the British wizarding government. His followers turn the Ministry's coercive and propagandistic capacity—augmented by their own equivalent of brownshirts, the Snatchers—toward suppressing opposition to their new order. Taken together, the two parts of the Deathly Hallows films chart a government crackdown on dissent, a growing insurgency waging asymmetric warfare against the state, and Voldemort's personal Stalingrad, i.e., the Battle of Hogwarts.
As much as I enjoyed The Deathly Hallows, Part II, there's not much in the way of international politics in the film; it deals almost exclusively with the final stages of the second Voldemort war. From this perspective, Part II involves three major events of concerns to scholars of international security:
The raid on Gringott's to seize a crucial enemy resource (a horcrux) that nearly ends in disaster for the resistance;
The clandestine incursion to seize another horcrux that unexpectedly prompts an open revolt in Hogwarts; and
Voldemort's attempt to crush the rebellion once and for all in a single battle.
Harry's, Hermione's, and Ron's attack on Gringotts reflects the tactics they perfect over the courses of the series; these tactics fit squarely within the tradition of guerilla and asymmetric warfare. They rely on stealth and deception; they operate as a small mobile strike team. The three show no remorse about using the imperious curse—one of the three "Unforgiveable Curses"—to forward their goals. When detected, they exploit a weakness in their enemy's defenses: they liberate an imprisoned dragon and use it as a means of escape. In their efforts they are aided by a network of supporters, including Aberforth Dumbledore, who conceals them in Hogsmeade, and, unbeknownst to them, Snape, who, in Part I, goes so far as to provide them with an important weapon—the Sword of Gryffindor and, in Part II, passes on crucial intelligence even as he lies dying.
Behind their success lies the superior intelligence and planning of the Order, and of Dumbledore in particular. Although Dumbledore's role in the Order appears superficially comparable to Voldemort's in the Death Eaters, Dumbledore takes extensive steps to ensure that his followers retain operational capability after his demise. He prudently conceals his plans by parceling out information among his agents, and by often encrypting that information to render it unusable by their enemies. He encourages Harry to share key intelligence with Ron and Hermione. Indeed, his efforts to guide the three since their arrival at Hogwarts wield them into a proficient covert operations teams. In the Order of the Phoenix, he does nothing to prevent Harry from training an army of students; "Dumbledore's Army" provides one of the major fighting forces in the Battle of Hogwarts. In sum, Dumbledore builds an organization capable of surviving decapitation, and one that proves willing to fight on even in the face of Harry's (apparent) death.
These advantages in intelligence and motivation are not, in of themselves, enough to overcome the Death Eater's superior firepower, experience, and numbers. But the Death Eaters themselves suffer from a number of weaknesses. The Death Eaters' problems, in fact, partially overlap with those we often associate with failed counterinsurgency campaigns.
First, Voldemort places far too much strategic emphasis on, and faith in, technological fixes—most notably his horcruxes and the Elder Wand. The former fail, the latter betrays him. Harry, on the other hand, seeks strength in the loyalty of his allies and the force of his cause.
Second, the Death Eaters reliance on fear as a tool of rule gives their regime, like those of Middle Eastern despots, an underlying fragility. Although they quash most dissent, they remain vulnerable so long as resistance continues. Thus, Harry, Ron, and Hermione remain potent symbols of opposition. Events at Hogwarts highlight the fragility of the Death Eaters' regime, particularly in pockets of ideological opposition. There, Harry's open defiance of Snape encourages the remnants of Dumbledore's staff to rebel; previously unaligned students affiliated with Gryffindor, Hufflepuff, and Ravenclaw immediately follow suit.
Indeed, Machiavelli claims that it is better to be feared than loved, and councils rulers to inflict their injuries at the outset so that they can appear beneficent later, this advice fails miserably for Voldemort. Narcissa Malfoy's betrayal of Voldemort—a consequence of his cruel treatment of her family for Lucius' failures—ensures that Harry survives to defeat him. Voldemort's overtures to the students of Hogwarts after they believe Harry dead provoke resistance rather than capitulation. Or, to paraphrase Rowling, Voldemort does not understand the power of love, only of fear and hatred.
Third, Voldemort's egocentrism and overdeveloped will-to-power lead him to build, in direct contrast to the Order, an organization that cannot function in his absence. After the end of the first war, his supporters scatter, renounce him, or go into hiding. In the second war, his iron-fisted rule, unwillingness to cultivate replacements, and generally poor people skills ensure that the Death Eaters cannot outlive him. Voldemort's death shatters the Death Eaters because of their lack of organizational resilience—a direct consequence of their over-centralized leadership structure and reliance on Voldemort's personal ability to inspire terror.
Voldemort compounds these problems by committing a major strategic blunder: he actively participates in a direct assault on a well-fortified enemy position, one in which his adversaries enjoy superior local knowledge. These are common mistakes made by fictional tyrants. The Padishah Emperor Shaddam Corrino IV allows himself to be lured to Arrakis where the Fremen, led by Paul Maud'Dib, defeat his supposedly invincible Sardukar; Emperor Palpatine, placing far too much faith in his so-called "Death Star," engineers a final battle in which his forces fall before the rebels and their newfound indigenous care-bearish allies.
Palpatine's death at the hands of his chief adjutant one might argue, stems from his inability to appreciate the power of love and compassion.
In the books, the tide of battle is turned by the intervention of magical beings, including Centaurs and the House Elves—both of which lack civil and political rights in wizarding society and face an even worse time from Voldemort's regime. This omission from the film raises questions about the Death Eaters' defeat. In the real world, insurgencies almost always lose when they attempt to transition to conventional warfare. Only those guerilla leaders that wait until they have state-like manpower and resources (for example, Mao Zedung, Fidel Casto, and Ho Chin Minh) succeed. This does not seem to be the case for Harry and his allies: the students, teachers, and members of the Order at Hogwarts are significantly overmatched by the Death Eaters and their auxiliaries. Whether in the books or the films, the Battle of Hogwarts is a near thing; we should not assume that Voldemort's defeat was preordained.
Especially in the absence of third-party intervention on behalf of our heroes, Voldemort's best course of action is straightforward: allows his forces to crush resistance, or at least settle in for a long siege, while he watches from safety. But his reliance on a fearsome reputation to hold his coalition together, combined with his narcissism, compel Voldemort to face Harry himself. Indeed, Harry only survives numerous confrontations with Death Eaters because of Voldemort's unwillingness to delegate key tasks to his subordinates. And here, again, we see the superiority of Dumbledore's and Harry's approach to leadership, let alone their specific command decisions.
If audiences can merge Voldemort and Osama Bin Laden as embodiments of evil, this becomes more complicated once the Death Eaters achieve military superiority. Their terrorism ceases to be that of a weapon of the weak; it takes the form of state terrorism—directed against the state's own citizens. The most obvious analogy here, both with respect to ideology and to style, is with Nazi occupation governments. But we might also draw parallels with the Taliban regime in Afghanistan or, in fact, with what an Al-Qaeda inspired regime in the Middle East might look like. For their part, once Harry and his friends find themselves reduced to the position of insurgents, (and branded as terrorists, no less), they prove willing to adopt some of their opponents' tactics, including the use of Unforgiveable Curses.
To the extent that the comparison continues to instruct, it does so in two ways. On the one hand, the series of events that climax in The Deathly Hallows, Part II stand as a powerful indictment of the worst excesses of the war on terrorism. Rowling's deliberate condemnation of the repression she worked against while at Amnesty International resonates with recent experiences of arbitrary detention, torture, and incarceration of political dissidents. On the other hand, we can only hope that the Death Eaters' pathologies are those of Al-Qaeda and other terrorist networks. In the real world, however, few leaders prove as indispensible to a violent movements' persistence as Voldemort. Given our tendency to personalize and personify our enemies, we would do well to remember that the Deathly Hallows, Part II, is, in the final analysis, just a movie.
This is a different stab at an international-affairs discussion of The Deathly Hallows. Be sure to read the other attempt.
On The Ecology of Human Insurgency
2009-12-20 / Drew Conway / 0 Comments
Charli highlighted the recently published work of Sean Gourley in Nature on the patter of frequency and magnitude of attacks in insurgencies, so I wanted to cross-post my critique of this work to initiate a discussion here at Duck.
The cover story of this month's Nature features the work of a team of researchers examining the mathematical properties of insurgency. One of the authors is Sean Gourley, a physicist by training and TED Fellow, and this work represents the culmination of research by Gourley and his co-authors—a body of work that I have been critical of in the past. The article is entitled, "Common ecology quantifies human insurgency," (gated) and the article attempts to define the underlying dynamics of insurgency in terms of a particular probability distribution; specifically, the power-law distribution, and how this affects the strategy of insurgents.
First, I am very pleased that this research is receiving such a high level of recognition in the scientific community, e.g., Sean tweeted that this article "beat out 'the new earth' discovery and the 'possible cancer cure' for the cover of nature." Scholarship on the micro-level dynamics of a conflict is undoubtedly the future of conflict science, and these authors have ambitiously pushed the envelope; collecting an impressive data set spanning both time and conflict geography. Bearing in mind the undeniable value of this work, it is important to note that several claims made by the authors do not seem consistent with the data, or are at least require a dubious suspension of disbelief.
In many ways I reject the primary thrust of the article, which is that because the frequency and magnitude of attacks in an insurgency follows a power-law distribution this somehow illuminates the underlying decision calculus of insurgents. Without belaboring a point that I have made in the past, the observation that conflicts follow a power-law is in no way novel, and I am disappointed that the authors failed to cite though I am encouraged that the authors did cite the seminal work on this subject (thank you for pointing out my errata, Sean). The data measures the lethality and frequency of attacks perpetrated in the Iraq, Afghanistan, Peru and Colombia insurgencies, but the connection between this and the strategy of an insurgent is missing.
The authors' primary data sources are open media reports on attacks; therefore, their observation simply reveals that open-source reporting on successful insurgent attacks follows a power-law. There are two critical limitations in the data that prevent it from fully answering the questions posited by the authors. First, there is some non-negligible level of left-censoring, i.e., we can never attempt to quantify the attacks that are planned by insurgents and never carried out, or those that are attempted by fail (defective IEDs, incompetent actors, etc.). Although they do not inflict damage, these attacks a clearly byproducts of insurgent strategy, and therefore must be present in a model of this calculus. Second, while the authors claim to overcome selection bias by cross-validating attack observations, this remains a persistent problem. Consider the insurgencies in Iraq and Afghanistan; in the former most of the attacks occurred in heavily populated urban areas, garnering considerable media coverage. In contrast, Afghanistan is largely a rural country, where the level of media scrutiny is considerably lower, meaning that media outlets there are inherently selective in what they report, or most reports are generated by US DoD reporting. How do we handle the absence of attack observations for Afghan villages outside the purview of the mainstream media?
The role of the media is central to the decision model proposed by the authors, which is illustrated in the figure above. Again, however, this presents a logical disconnect. As the figure describes, the authors claim that insurgents are updating their beliefs and strategies based on the information and signals they receive from broadcast news, then deciding whether to execute an attack. For lack of a better term, this is clearly putting the cart before the horse. The media is reporting attacks, as the authors' data clearly proves; therefore, the insurgents' decision to attack is creating news, and as such insurgents are gaining no new information from media reports on attacks that they themselves have perpetrated. Rather, the insurgents retain a critical element of private information, and are updating based on the counter-insurgency policies of the state—information they are very likely not receiving from the media. The framework presented here is akin to claiming that in a game of football (American) the offense is updating their strategy in the huddle before ever having seen how the defense lines up. Without question updating, in football both sides are updating strategy constantly, but it is the offense that dictates this tempo, and in an insurgency the insurgents are on offense.
This interplay between an insurgency and the state is what must be the focus of future research on the micro-dynamics of conflict. From the perspective of this research, a more novel track would be to attempt to find an insurgency that does not follow a power-law; but rather a less skewed distributions, such as the log-normal or a properly fit Poisson. Future research may also benefit from examining the distribution of attacks in the immediate or long-term aftermath of a variation in counter-insurgency policy. After addressing some of the limitations described above, such research might begin to identify the factors that contributed to why some counter-insurgency policies shift the attack distribution away from the power-law. The key to any future research; however, is to connect this to the context of the conflict in a meaningful way.
Again, congratulations to Sean and his team, I hope their piece will initiate a productive discussion in both academic and policy arenas on the methods and techniques for studying the micro-dynamics of conflict.
Photo: Nature
Speaking of Fatality Data…
2009-12-20 / Charli Carpenter / 0 Comments
A physicist named Sean Gourley has created a model that he claims explains the power law distribution of deaths in insurgencies across a range of country contexts. Just published in Nature. The abstract is here. Check out his presentation on his original correlational findings from last May:
Q&A about his new model here. I'm not sure I understand it well enough to comment, but I figured Duck readers would find it interesting, and I'm asking myself how I can get my hands on his data to look at whether it's broken down by category of victim…
The Mathematics of War, Revisited
A few months back I wrote a post discussing Sean Gourley's TED talk on the Mathematics of War; specifically, noting that his finding (a power-law distribution of attack frequency and severity in Iraq) was—well—old news. This set off an excellent discussion on Sean's work, my comments, and more generally how the social and hard sciences can clash. More recently, Tom Ricks of The Best Defense blog revisited Sean's talk with his own skepticism, which induced a response from Sean, and further skepticism by Ricks. In defense of his work, Sean responded to Tom's post with the following:
With this new approach we can do several important things that were not possible before. We can understand the underlying structure of an insurgency i.e. how an insurgency 'decides' to distribute its forces (weapons, people, money etc). Further, we can explain why this kind of insurgent structure emerges in multiple different conflict zones around the world. We can estimate the number of autonomous insurgent groups operating within a theatre of war. We can monitor and track a conflict through time to see how either sides strategies are affecting the state of the war. Finally we can compare the mathematical patterns of current ongoing wars with past wars to estimate how close they are to ending.
I think Sean's work in extremely important, as in many ways our research interests run parallel and this project has great potential. That said, his response leaves me with more questions than answers, therefore, with Sean's response in hand I would like to revisit the mathematics of war.
First, I have serious doubts as to the connection between the distribution of attack frequency and severity and the underlying structure of an insurgency. Power-law distributions can provide a categorical approximation of a network's underlying structure because in these cases the distribution in question refers to the frequency of edge counts among nodes, a structural measurement. Even for networks, however, the actual underlying structures of networks following a power-law can vary wildly. Attack frequencies, on the other hand, have nothing to do with structure. In what way, then, is this metric valid for measuring the structure or distribution of insurgent forces?
There is also a large element of context that is not captured in this analysis. To get to Sean's question on why different types of insurgencies occur in different parts of the world, with varying lethality and effectiveness, one must account for the inherent variance in ability among insurgents and insurgent organizations. We know that people vary in their abilities to perform any task, which of course includes insurgency; therefore, we must control for any exogenous or endogenous factors that could contribute to this variance as to avoid inserting into our analysis the belief that all insurgent are created equally. Once a reasonable number of theoretically justifiable control variables are identified, we may be able to get at this question at both a micro (insurgent) and macro (insurgency) level. A present, the data used in Sean's analysis accounts for this variation.
Next, there has been quite a bit of research on the duration of wars, including state-on-state, civil and insurgency. For this research, a critical hurdle has always been how to overcome bias in the data collection and reporting when attempting to approximate how various factor contribute to the curation of a conflict. Sean uses open-scource media accounts of attacks to develop his data, and because most of these media outlets are primarily motivated by profit it is difficult to view this data as unbiased. This problem, however, can be dealt with by various sampling techniques and control varaibles. Of greater concern are the eventual conclusions drawn by attempting to match conflict patterns in this manner. With Sean's data, we might ask what factors contribute to ending conflicts following a power-law. Unfortunately, as previously discussed, all manner of conflicts follow this pattern. If two conflicts have a near identical power-law distribution when observed in the long term, but upon examination we find that one is an insurgency and other a state-on-state conflict, what insight have we gained? This categorical approach, therefore, may be significantly limited in its explanatory value.
Finally, I must point out that I have a very superficial perspective on Sean's work, as I have only been exposed to the TED talk, and the discussions that have followed from it. There are likely many elements of this research that I am missing, and as such all of the above concerns may have already been addressed. I am interested in your take on Sean's response, my position, and where you see the value in this research? To quote Tom, "Smart, statistically-comfortable readers: Do you see support for these claims?"
Photo: Chart of distribution of attacks with magnitude from "Variation of the Frequency of Fatal Quarrels with Magnitude," by Lewis F. Richardson.
Film class — week 7
2006-10-05 / Rodger Payne / 0 Comments
Film #7 "Red Dawn" (1984). We viewed it Tuesday.
Readings for Thursday: Hashim. Ahmed S., "Iraq: From Insurgency to Civil War?" 104 Current History, Jan 2005. pp. 10-18. Link requires subscription.
Kaplan, Fred, "How Do We Win in Iraq?" Slate, September 9, 2005.
Krepinevich, Andrew, "The War In Iraq: The Nature of Insurgency Warfare," Backgrounder, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessment, June 2, 2004.
Those who have seen it know that "Red Dawn" is not an especially good movie. So why did I select it? Well, I wanted a film that highlights the great difficulty of counterinsurgency warfare — and I wanted a movie that would make students sympathize with the insurgents. Obviously, "The Battle of Algiers" is a better movie with similar themes and plotlines.
In recent weeks, the class has been viewing films about liberal idealism and humanitarian intervention, all from the point-of-view of the great power(s) or their proxies involved in the situations. Though the protagonists in "Red Dawn" are American, they are the victims. The Soviet Union and its Cuban allies have attacked and a small Colorado hometown is under occuption (as part of a larger war). The film focuses on the nationalist impulses that motivate the high school student insurgency.
The readings, obviously, are about Iraq and they are all a bit dated. Of course, the publication year really does not matter much for the Krepinevich piece. It provides an excellent summary of the basic dilemma faced by the US counterinsurgency effort in Iraq. While the US needs to win both the hearts and minds of the Iraqi civilian population, the insurgency really only needs to win their minds. If the general population becomes convinced that it must live in fear, because the US military and the Iraqi national government cannot provide even basic security, then the insurgency has won their minds.
Machiavelli famously asked in The Prince "whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved?" He continued:
It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, is much safer to be feared than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with.
Sure, this is a simplification, but it seems apt.
Does the US have any hope in Iraq? Kaplan works through several suggested plans for winning, but none seem particularly promising now.
Hashim addresses the broader problem if the US fails to defeat the insurgency — what happens if the insurgency spills over to civil war? Should US forces remain in Iraq to help one side or another fight a civil war?
Filed as: IR films


Head over to @erikanderslang to get all the info and links for my latest endeavor - a podcast called the #eriklangshow - there's a contest coming up too if you like free stuff. I do!
#Repost @erikanderslang - go there for full slideshow... ・・・ Tbt to India, was reminded of this trip last night watching 180° S with a quote from creator of Patagonia - Yvon Chouinard: "The word 'adventure' has just gotten overused. For me, adventure is when everything goes wrong. That's when the adventure starts." On this trip, we arrived with no set plan and the one bag that had the battery to every camera was seized. So all we had was one go pro, a few cell phones, and one battery for our C cam. And a drone, which was explicitly illegal in this military town. Anyway, its one of my favorite eps actually BECAUSE of this. Tbh though it may have been the most uncomfortable and challenging shoot of my life. 12 hrs jetlag and 12k feet of elevation hit me like a 4 day migraine infused hangover. Never again.... Also cant wait to get back..... who's in???


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HomeOpinionGuest ColumnsOpinion: A Liberal's View of Rush Limbaugh
Opinion: A Liberal's View of Rush Limbaugh
Photo courtesy of Wikicommons.
OpinionGuest Columns
by Virgil H. Huston Jr.
I listened to Rush Limbaugh off and on over his entire syndicated career. I didn't hate him although I disagreed with him frequently. The only other conservative radio hosts I could ever listen to were Neal Boortz and Austin Rhodes. I listen to Austin almost daily. There ...
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Mayor Davis Opposes Six Senate Bills; Commission Passes Resolution
Column: Bullies need to seek help, regardless of their ages
Editorial: State Sen. Harold Jones lack of transparency alarming
Editorial: Bobby Williams has declared himself in charge of the commission
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Mark Sisson February 24, 2021 At 4:41 am
Wesley Graves February 24, 2021 At 9:08 am
great reminder that people don't have to agree with each other on everything to get along with each other.
William Cassara February 24, 2021 At 3:20 pm
Hooah. And thank you for your service.
Ronnie Mullis February 25, 2021 At 10:52 am
Mr. Huston thank you for your service. You have come from the era when Democrats were logical and were willing to compromise on issues that would help America instead of destroying it. Unfortunately those days are long gone. I would like for you to explain why you still call yourself a liberal and how your thoughts are different from conservatives. Do you support this administration's policies so far? Like open borders, making friends with Iran the largest sponsor of terrorism in the world, ending the Keystone Pipeline and Fracking. Before this administration is over we will have to start importing oil again. Of course there are many more things Biden did in his first six hours that will change America forever. But he is continuing what his former boss, Obama said that America is no better than any other country. Did you believe this when you were serving our country? Our founding fathers are rolling over in their graves when they see what this Democrat Socialist Party Is doing to America. Ronnie Mullis
Virgil Huston February 26, 2021 At 12:19 am
Hi Ronnie, I appreciate your response and I have some answers to it, but what you are asking could be three future guest columns. I will say I never considered myself a Democrat. I don't consider them liberal, they are very much establishment neoliberal and that is not me. Most Republicans are the same in slightly different guises. I have voted third party more than most over the years. Seriously, it would take a very long time to respond properly. If the Augusta Press is willing to publish more of my columns, I will write more. And I plan on submitting more. A very brief answer to you is that we have our differences, yet those differences are maybe not as large as they may sometimes seem. I have grown more liberal the older I get. That is perhaps an oxymoron, but for me it is true. The American Dream as we have all been taught it is not there, especially for those that start with no head start in life (such as upper middle class families). I am old enough to remember when the appliance salesman at Sears could buy a house and send his kids to college. Today, that guy or gal works at Home Depot for $8.25/hr and only 20 hours a week. I am of the age when my kids have far less chances than I did and I had fewer chances than my dad at the same age during that time and have watched that decline since then, especially when I got to the age that no one will hire you no matter your qualifications. Yet CEOs and executives make far more than they did while workers are being starved. I think there needs to be balance. There was a time from the post World War II era through the 1970s where there was some sort of balance, I came of age during that time and it has been reduced to almost nothing in today's world. There is a reason kids still live with their parents, it is because wages versus expenses are so divergent now. I could live on minimum wage in 1973. Not well, but I wasn't homeless. I also understand the importance of unions, something that is hated where we live. And in 1990, I made more in real wages than people today do in the same jobs and that doesn't even take into account inflation. And finally, I am not a fan of the Biden administration. I was a Bernie supporter who voted for Trump. Maybe that tells you something. Anyway, hope I made some sense in this reply, I appreciate your detailed response.
Ronnie Mullis March 4, 2021 At 10:22 am
Hi Virgil, Thank you for your response.
I, like most people considered all liberals as Democrats, they are certainly not conservatives.
Sometimes a third party sounds like it would work in this country but it never will. I wonder how our country would be if there were no such thing as parties at all?, and people were elected on their merits and qualifications.
You were talking about people making $8.25 per hr. at Home Depot, I believe they make a lot more than that. A minimum wage job is not to support a family, only a stepping stone to build yourself up to a career. If workers at Mac Donald's made fifteen dollars an hour, a hamburger would cost ten dollars.
My first full time job was forty cent per hour at the Imperial Theatre. I worked forty hours per week, every day after school till close and all day Saturday and Sunday. I made sixteen dollars a week brought home twelve and my momma charged me ten dollars for rent, and she made sure she got it.
I went from that forty cent to eventually starting at two fifty per hour at UPS.
These young people today are raised with a mindset that they deserve a living wage without earning it. That will truly become the downfall of America in future generations.
You say that you are a liberal but not a Democrat but I believe that all Democrats consider themselves liberal. Thanks again, Ronnie Mullis
Larry Garner February 25, 2021 At 1:34 pm
Ronnie; my thoughts exactly – a very good/honest, rebuttal.
Dee Stafford March 2, 2021 At 10:36 am
One of the best tributes to Rush I've seen. I listened to him faithfully from 1990 until his death. Even though I disagree with your well-thought out positions on current ideas on the American Dream and CEO pay I like the way you express your thoughts. Your tone encourages meaningful dialogue.
James Colton August 7, 2021 At 12:51 pm
Thank You Virgil,
For both your service and for your recognition of what I believe most liberals, if they were honest, would admit was the primary, not secondary, basis for his success, his entertaining personality, not his politics . As a conservative I felt much the same about liberal radio talk show host Allen Colmes.
I always looked forward to tuning into him and while I probably disagreed with every political view of his I spent just as much time laughing while listening to him as I did Rush
I was depressed not to find him on the radio one day, and even though he did show up on TV for awhile after he left radio, you could tell he was no longer the Captain of his ship & his TV appearances only amplified the fact to me that on the radio and Captain of his own ship was where he really shined.
And what a funny similarity with Rush that was for me as well, in the fact that I was never as entertained with Rush's brief stint on TV as I was with his radio show .You are so right about the nature of a person who celebrates the death of another in circumstances like this.
When you make fun of the death of someone who has done nothing more than disagree with you, what you are telling the world is that for you, there is nothing you believe that lies above or beyond this life that you are treasuring .
Nothing, you believe can be Protected, Sanctified, Safeguarded & Assured for Eternity, by you, or anyone else.
Kind Regards, James
Procurement selecting new Augusta EMS provider, month-to-month contract in place
Augusta University partners with the U.S. Army Cyber Center to create new programs
Owner of Grovetown apartment complex seeks to rezone, daycare to revert to office space


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Q: Remove duplicates csv based on first value keeping the longest line between duplicates I have many different csv files in a folder (megadrive.txt, snes.txt) like this:
Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;;;;;;;;0;;;;;
Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;1990;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
After Burner (World);After Burner (World);Sega Master System;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
After Burner (World);After Burner (World);Sega Master System;;1988;Sega;Flying;;;;;0;;;;;
Air Rescue (Europe);Air Rescue (Europe);Sega Master System;;1992;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
Aladdin (Europe);Aladdin (Europe);Sega Master System;;1994;Sega;Platform;;;;;0;;;;;

In these CSVs, I have many, many lines and many have the same first field.
I want to batch-process these files and, in each file, only keep the longest line for each first field. For example, the output should be:
Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;1990;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
After Burner (World);After Burner (World);Sega Master System;;1988;Sega;Flying;;;;;0;;;;;
Air Rescue (Europe);Air Rescue (Europe);Sega Master System;;1992;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
Aladdin (Europe);Aladdin (Europe);Sega Master System;;1994;Sega;Platform;;;;;0;;;;;

In particular
Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;;;;;;;;0;;;;;
Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;1990;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;

both records have the first field duplicated but the second entry is longer, so I would like to keep the second entry end remove all the shorter lines with the same first field.
How can I do this?

A: I am assuming your fields are defined by ;. And that there can be no ; inside a field. If those assumptions are true, you can do:
$ awk -F';' '{if(!a[$1]||length($0)>length(a[$1])){a[$1]=$0}}END{for(i in a){print a[i]}}' file.txt
Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;1990;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
After Burner (World);After Burner (World);Sega Master System;;1988;Sega;Flying;;;;;0;;;;;
Aladdin (Europe);Aladdin (Europe);Sega Master System;;1994;Sega;Platform;;;;;0;;;;;
Air Rescue (Europe);Air Rescue (Europe);Sega Master System;;1992;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;

However, this has the drawback of needing to store one line per 1st field in memory and that might be an issue for huge files. If so, you can try this instead:
$ awk '{print length($0)";"$0}' file.txt | sort -t';' -rnk1,1 | awk -F';' '++a[$2]==1' | cut -d';' -f2-
Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;;;;;;;;0;;;;;
After Burner (World);After Burner (World);Sega Master System;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
Air Rescue (Europe);Air Rescue (Europe);Sega Master System;;1992;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
Aladdin (Europe);Aladdin (Europe);Sega Master System;;1994;Sega;Platform;;;;;0;;;;;

You can apply either solution to all of your files with a simple shell loop:
for f in *txt; do
    awk -F';' '{if(!a[$1]||length($0)>length(a[$1])){a[$1]=$0}}END{for(i in a){print a[i]}}' "$f" > "$f".fixed
done

Or
for f in *txt; do
    awk '{print length($0)";"$0}' file.txt | sort -t';' -rnk1,1 |
        awk -F';' '++a[$2]==1' | cut -d';' -f2- > "$f".fixed
done

A: Try with sort(1):
sort -rt';' filename | sort -t';' -usk1,1

Aerial Assault (USA);Aerial Assault (USA);Sega Master System;;1990;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
After Burner (World);After Burner (World);Sega Master System;;1988;Sega;Flying;;;;;0;;;;;
Air Rescue (Europe);Air Rescue (Europe);Sega Master System;;1992;Sega;Shooter;;;;;0;;;;;
Aladdin (Europe);Aladdin (Europe);Sega Master System;;1994;Sega;Platform;;;;;0;;;;;

Both sorts will use the ; as the field delimiter (-t';'). The first will reverse sort (-r), so that the empty fields come after the non-empty fields, and the second sort will sort by the first field (-k1,1), and remove extra lines with the same first field (-u = uniq), but will otherwise keep to order set by the first sort (-s = stable).
This assumes that instead of the "longest" line as the title says, you actually want the "most complete", ie. between two lines with the same first field, the shorter one has always a subset of the fields of the longer one (which is the only case where discarding the shorter lines can make any sense IMHO). It also assumes that your sort implementation has a -s (stable) option: both the GNU (Linux) and BSD sort do.
If you want to do it on a batch of files, you should use find:
find dir -type f -name '*.txt' \
    -exec sh -c 'for f; do sort -rt";" "$f" |
    sort -t";" -usk1,1 > "$f.new" && echo mv "$f.new" "$f"; done' sh {} +

Adjust the find's predicates (-name, etc) and only remove the echo from before mv if you're ready to clobber your existing files.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Welcome to the Antique Barn In idyllic surroundings in Ås you will find Fagerli farm. The barn at Fagerli has been restored and turned into an antique barn, a treasure trove for anyone interested in rural antiques. At the Antique Barn, guests can also get good homecooked food in the very special and wonderful atmosphere.


Caring for Others is something that we all should incorporate in our lives. We can do this by making important choices when buying our daily necessities as we can do this when we help elderly people without asking, and selecting the charity that doesn't consume the given funds to rents and salaries like those bigger charities do.
Girls in Tanzania have to face a horrid fate when they are forced to go through FGM. This is usually at the four-week school break, which is also referred as "the cutting season".
They are being forced to go through Female Genital Mutilation, excision of external sexual organs to be exact.
We are looking to find Charities in need.
We have VERY strict policies about how we help and who we help. We won't help the government or military or city officials. We won't support any charity that can't provide enough evidence that our help is going directly to the ones in need.
We won't be giving our aid to third hand charities, we are all about as direct aid as possible.
We will help people in all over the world. Not just in developing countries. We will help people in any country.
Help won't be money in most cases, since money has a tendency to help only those who first sees it and shares it.