This pool deck was sloping towards the fence. With the help of our patented PolyLevel® Injection, we lifted both ends of the pool deck an average of 2 inches to improve slope and eliminate trip hazards.
A Pickering, ON homeowner, had a concrete pool deck that rested on fill soil due to a sloping lot. The earth had settled over time resulting in a 2-inch drop. We used our PolyLevel® Injection under the slab of concrete, bringing it back to level with the retaining wall.
Have 3 leaks in my basement that need repairing.
Small(?) leak in basement concrete wall. Some moisture building up around the crack.
We have 3 small foundation leaks, 2 of which were repaired about 15 years ago but are leaking again. Basement is poured concrete. Walls are exposed on the inside so we'd like to try repairing from inside. We are the owners and this is not a real estate inspection.
I have a musty basement and I want to fix it.
This is a customer who called in at 7pm with a warranty issue but was shocked when she could speak to someone who cared about her concerns. We were then able to get technicians to her home right away!
At Clarke Basement Systems your a valued customer for life!
Duncan is super happy with the work you guys did and your cleaning up and attention to detail. Thanks again for the great job that you guys do – and let the other guys on your crew know as well.
Perfect! Gary was professional and very thorough with explaining the process.
I really appreciated the regular contact I had with the company explaining when the workmen would arrive and their names. As a senior living alone I worry about opening the door to strangers...the men arrived exactly on time or called me to say they were on their way. Greatly appreciated. I have already passed your name on to friends and family. Thank you for a job well done.
"I have recommended Clarke Basement System in the past and..."
"Perfect! Gary was professional and very thorough with..."
We will properly install a hidden drainage system in your Pickering basement and completely encapsulate your crawl space with CleanSpace vapor barrier. We are here to solve the problem for you.
Foundation repair problems destroy your Pickering home's value and can be dangerous. Our in-house team of structural and geo-technical engineers are here to help. We design and install the right solution and usually have the project finished in less than a week. You will have peace of mind as we provide a 25-year written warranty against defects on our foundation products.
The sunken and cracked concrete around your Pickering home is both an eyesore and a safety hazard. It is also likely to get worse with time, but we can fix it for you!
Laura and Joel M. of Pickering, ON had been looking to redo their laundry room and noticed a leak that was creating a wet floor in their basement following the Spring Thaw. Clarke Basement Systems was able to provide a solution for this damp basement.
The solution used our patented FlexiSpan® Crack Repair System. This system is especially helpful in preventing leaks as it provides three layers of protection to keep unwanted water out. It is also backed by our 25-year Warranty to ensure optimal service to our customers.
Upon the installation of our FlexiSpan® Crack Repair System, Laura and Joel M. were able to redo their laundry room without worrying about further water damage. Clarke Basement Systems is pleased we could permanently solve this wet basement problem efficiently and effectively.
Our customer in Pickering, Ontario, had an issue with a crack in their basement foundation. The crack had formed from the corner of the window in their basement. The crack had been leaking in water that began pooling on the basement floor.
The polyurethane polymer sealant will never dry out or crack and moves with the natural movement of the foundation wall. This system will seal your cracked foundation permanently – life time warranty!
Our customer was happy with the repair in the cracked foundation and was thrilled to hear that the warranty is also transferable to new homeowners.
Inspect the existing foundation crack located in the north side of the property, underneath the basement window, near the deck with water stain and dampness.
I am seeking estimates to have a floor drain installed in my basement.
Baseboard, and flooring in basement is showing signs of local dampness.
I would like to bury my sub pump discharge line.
Water seeping into cold room from front porch above.
Basement foundation wall cracks and flooding.
We have a leak in our basement and are interested in getting an estimate done.


Spring is officially here! Which means warmer temperatures, flowers blooming, and, of course, time for spring cleaning.
Today I want to share with you my spring cleaning routine, tips, and tricks.
Before I begin my spring cleaning I go through the house and pick up any clutter. Having everything neat and in its place makes it easier to get down to the serious cleaning. Then, armed with Lysol products, I clean and disinfect the house room-by-room.
Why Lysol? I trust Lysol for all my spring cleaning needs because Lysol kills 99.9% of viruses and bacteria when used as directed. I love that most Lysol products do not use bleach and are able to clean and sanitize my home without leaving any harsh chemical reside behind.
Lysol Kitchen Pro Antibacterial Cleaner is my go-to when cleaning my kitchen. It does a fantastic job cleaning and sanitizing my countertops, sink, and stove. Then I use Lysol Disinfecting Wipes to clean the doorknobs, garbage can, and faucet handles. I gather anything dishwasher safe, such as my fruit bowl, stainless steel sink protector, food storage jars on my countertop, and pop them in the dishwasher with Finish Powerball Max. Everything comes out clean without any need for scrubbing!
In the bathrooms I use Lysol Power & Free Bathroom Cleaner to wipe down the sinks, shower, and tub. To disinfect the doorknobs and faucets I wipe them down with a Lysol Disinfecting Wipe. For the toilets I start with wiping down the outside of the tank and the lid with Lysol Power & Free Bathroom Cleaner and then tackle the bowl itself with Lysol Power Toilet Bowl Cleaner.
In the living room and bedrooms I start by dusting off all of our furniture. Then, I take down and wash our curtains, sheets, and pillows using Woolite. Did you know mattresses and other large soft surfaces are a hotbed for bacteria? That is why I use Lysol Disinfectant Spray to sanitize and deodorize our couches and mattresses. Lysol Disinfectant Spray also works great on curtains, throw pillows, and pet beds.
Use a Lysol Disinfecting Wipe to quickly clean and disinfect doorknobs, faucet handles, toilet handles, light switches, and garbage cans.
Use a Lysol Disinfecting Wipe to quickly wipe around the perimeter of your kitchen and bathroom to get all the hair, dust, and other gunk that tends to settle there.
To take stubborn soap scum spray surface with Lysol Power & Free Bathroom Cleaner and let sit for 10 minutes before wiping.
Place Air Wick Scented Oils throughout your home to give the house a fresh clean scent that lasts long after cleaning.
Grab all your supplies at Target and get that start checking Spring Cleaning items off your list!
These are great tips for keeping the house sparkling clean.I love Lysol products and use the spray and also the Lysol wipes for almost everything.I just feel like the house is de-germed after wiping things down.I use them for phones tablets and computers too.
WOW you do have this down to a science! I have been using Lysol products most of my life (67) and if I leave I always come back to them.
Some nice tricks here that are useful for me, i'm almost done spring cleaning.


This Mad Hatter DIY Halloween Costume is a mix of all kinds of things, striped sock and old shoes from Thrift store. I really studied the costume to get little details like the silk scarf and the ribbons.
I made the thread belt from old wooden spools and the jacket from scratch. My favorite was the make up. I did purchase yellow contact lenses. I found hat pins at a antique store.
I had lots off fun with this costume .
Looking for ideas for Mad Hatter costume & saw the costume you made. You did a great job!


text:
Q: She was LAST across the finish line. Please help. What part of speech is "last" in the sentence:
She was last across the finish line.
Thank you!

A: It is an adjective. If you look up "last" in say CDO you will see that it is listed as an adjective. The definition also provides some good example sentences.

A: This is a situation where a dictionary may well not help.

She was last across the finish line.

is a reduced form of
She was the last person across the finish line.
So 'last' is standing in for the complete noun phrase the last person.
If any part of speech is considered necessary, a determiner acting as noun is a strong candidate.
Notice that

He finished first

is ambiguous. The adverbial reading (ie 'first' as an adverb) means he finished temporally before everyone else did. But the reduced form of 'in first position' does not entail this (it could have been a time trial, and 34 riders finished their trials before the eventual winner).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


AN OPPOSITION lawmaker on Thursday urged the leadership of the House of Representatives to rethink its position to pass the death penalty bill as a greater number of Filipino citizens on death row abroad were bound to be executed by foreign governments once Congress revived the penalty at home.
House Senior Deputy Minority Leader and Buhay Rep. Lito Atienza warned: "It saddens us to say that once Congress reinstates death sentences here, and once President Rodrigo Duterte makes good his threat to execute five to six malefactors every day, there is a high likelihood we would have more Jakatia Pawas," Atienza said.
Jakatia Pawa, 44, and a native of Zamboanga Sibugay, was hanged by the Kuwaiti government on Jan. 25 for the murder of her Kuwaiti employer's 22-year-old daughter.
But Jakatia's brother, Air Force Col. Angaris Pawa, speaking from Zamboanga City, said his sister was framed by her Kuwaiti employer.
Department of Foreign Affairs spokesman Charles Jose said Thursday Pawa, following the Islamic law, would be buried in Kuwait.
Pawa left her husband and two children to work as a domestic helper in Kuwait. She later lost her husband, who was shot to death in their home province in Mindanao in 2012.
The President's plan to renew judicial executions would "emasculate" in a big way the Philippine government's efforts to redeem the lives of overseas Filipino workers who are on death row abroad for ordinary offenses committed in their host countries, Atienza warned.
"One of the many repercussions of the return of the death penalty is that the Philippine government would be deprived of the moral high ground when it comes to our official appeals for clemency – for foreign governments to spare the lives of our citizens who are facing execution," Atienza said.
"Once Congress reinstates the cruel and inhuman punishment, it would be highly problematic for us to plead with other governments for compassion, if we ourselves are killing our own citizens here," Atienza said.
"We cannot implore foreign governments to uphold universally recognized human rights, including the right to life, if we ourselves do not respect the sanctity of every human life,"Atienza added.
The Department of Foreign Affairs said at least 87 Filipinos are facing the death penalty overseas, mostly in Malaysia and China, for various felonies.
Jakarta that she be first allowed to provide testimonial evidence against her alleged human trafficker in a Philippine criminal case.
The top 10 foreign destinations of deployed land-land based OFWs are Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Qatar, Hong Kong, Kuwait, Taiwan, Malaysia, Bahrain and Canada, according to the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration.
Of the 10, Atienza said only Canada and Hong Kong have abolished the death penalty, while the rest are actively killing lawbreakers.
The other countries that host many OFWs and that still adhere to the death penalty include Jordan, Oman and Japan, he added.


text:
package org.elasticsearch.action.search;

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ParameterizedMessage;
import org.apache.lucene.search.TotalHits;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse.Clusters;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.routing.GroupShardsIterator;
import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchPhaseResult;
import org.elasticsearch.search.SearchShardTarget;
import org.elasticsearch.search.aggregations.InternalAggregations;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import java.util.stream.StreamSupport;

/**
 * A listener that allows to track progress of the {@link SearchAction}.
 */
public abstract class SearchProgressListener {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(SearchProgressListener.class);

    public static final SearchProgressListener NOOP = new SearchProgressListener() {};

    private List<SearchShard> shards;

    /**
     * Executed when shards are ready to be queried.
     *
     * @param shards The list of shards to query.
     * @param skippedShards The list of skipped shards.
     * @param clusters The statistics for remote clusters included in the search.
     * @param fetchPhase true if the search needs a fetch phase, false otherwise.
     **/
    protected void onListShards(List<SearchShard> shards, List<SearchShard> skippedShards, Clusters clusters, boolean fetchPhase) {}

    /**
     * Executed when a shard returns a query result.
     *
     * @param shardIndex The index of the shard in the list provided by {@link SearchProgressListener#onListShards} )}.
     */
    protected void onQueryResult(int shardIndex) {}

    /**
     * Executed when a shard reports a query failure.
     *
     * @param shardIndex The index of the shard in the list provided by {@link SearchProgressListener#onListShards})}.
     * @param shardTarget The last shard target that thrown an exception.
     * @param exc The cause of the failure.
     */
    protected void onQueryFailure(int shardIndex, SearchShardTarget shardTarget, Exception exc) {}

    /**
     * Executed when a partial reduce is created. The number of partial reduce can be controlled via
     * {@link SearchRequest#setBatchedReduceSize(int)}.
     *
     * @param shards The list of shards that are part of this reduce.
     * @param totalHits The total number of hits in this reduce.
     * @param aggs The partial result for aggregations.
     * @param reducePhase The version number for this reduce.
     */
    protected void onPartialReduce(List<SearchShard> shards, TotalHits totalHits, InternalAggregations aggs, int reducePhase) {}

    /**
     * Executed once when the final reduce is created.
     *
     * @param shards The list of shards that are part of this reduce.
     * @param totalHits The total number of hits in this reduce.
     * @param aggs The final result for aggregations.
     * @param reducePhase The version number for this reduce.
     */
    protected void onFinalReduce(List<SearchShard> shards, TotalHits totalHits, InternalAggregations aggs, int reducePhase) {}

    /**
     * Executed when a shard returns a fetch result.
     *
     * @param shardIndex The index of the shard in the list provided by {@link SearchProgressListener#onListShards})}.
     */
    protected void onFetchResult(int shardIndex) {}

    /**
     * Executed when a shard reports a fetch failure.
     *
     * @param shardIndex The index of the shard in the list provided by {@link SearchProgressListener#onListShards})}.
     * @param shardTarget The last shard target that thrown an exception.
     * @param exc The cause of the failure.
     */
    protected void onFetchFailure(int shardIndex, SearchShardTarget shardTarget, Exception exc) {}

    final void notifyListShards(List<SearchShard> shards, List<SearchShard> skippedShards, Clusters clusters, boolean fetchPhase) {
        this.shards = shards;
        try {
            onListShards(shards, skippedShards, clusters, fetchPhase);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("Failed to execute progress listener on list shards"), e);
        }
    }

    final void notifyQueryResult(int shardIndex) {
        try {
            onQueryResult(shardIndex);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("[{}] Failed to execute progress listener on query result",
                shards.get(shardIndex)), e);
        }
    }

    final void notifyQueryFailure(int shardIndex, SearchShardTarget shardTarget, Exception exc) {
        try {
            onQueryFailure(shardIndex, shardTarget, exc);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("[{}] Failed to execute progress listener on query failure",
                shards.get(shardIndex)), e);
        }
    }

    final void notifyPartialReduce(List<SearchShard> shards, TotalHits totalHits, InternalAggregations aggs, int reducePhase) {
        try {
            onPartialReduce(shards, totalHits, aggs, reducePhase);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("Failed to execute progress listener on partial reduce"), e);
        }
    }

    protected final void notifyFinalReduce(List<SearchShard> shards, TotalHits totalHits, InternalAggregations aggs, int reducePhase) {
        try {
            onFinalReduce(shards, totalHits, aggs, reducePhase);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("Failed to execute progress listener on reduce"), e);
        }
    }

    final void notifyFetchResult(int shardIndex) {
        try {
            onFetchResult(shardIndex);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("[{}] Failed to execute progress listener on fetch result",
                shards.get(shardIndex)), e);
        }
    }

    final void notifyFetchFailure(int shardIndex, SearchShardTarget shardTarget, Exception exc) {
        try {
            onFetchFailure(shardIndex, shardTarget, exc);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("[{}] Failed to execute progress listener on fetch failure",
                shards.get(shardIndex)), e);
        }
    }

    static List<SearchShard> buildSearchShards(List<? extends SearchPhaseResult> results) {
        return results.stream()
            .filter(Objects::nonNull)
            .map(SearchPhaseResult::getSearchShardTarget)
            .map(e -> new SearchShard(e.getClusterAlias(), e.getShardId()))
            .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList());
    }

    static List<SearchShard> buildSearchShards(GroupShardsIterator<SearchShardIterator> its) {
        return StreamSupport.stream(its.spliterator(), false)
            .map(e -> new SearchShard(e.getClusterAlias(), e.shardId()))
            .collect(Collectors.toUnmodifiableList());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Question # 223: Khushoo (humbleness/humility) in Salah
Posted by Abu Zeenat Afdal | Jul 12, 2017 | Prayer (Salaah) | 0 |
Question # 223: What should we do to introduce KHUSHU (Khushoo) in our Salah?
Bismi-llahi r-raḥmani r-raḥīm,
Assalamu 'laikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh,
All praise and thanks are due to Allah (سبحانه و تعالى), and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger (صلى الله عليه و سلم).
Dear questioner,
First of all, we implore Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) to help us serve His cause and render our work for His sake.
Shorter Answer: Khushoo' means heart standing before Allah in calmness, serenity, tranquility, dignity and humility. Fear of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) and the sense that He is always watching makes a person achieve khushoo'. On the other hand, it is the plot of Shaytaan to divert people from salah by all possible means and to whisper to them during their prayer so as to deprive them of the joy of worship and cause them to lose the reward. Two key things that help to develop khushoo' are: strong desire to do what is obligatory, and pushing away all distractions. Following is the summary of some of the means of developing khushoo':
Preparing oneself for prayer properly (such as repeating the words of the adhan after the muezzin, reciting the du'aa after adhan, making wudu' properly and reciting du'aa after it, using siwaak to cleanse the mouth, wearing one's best clothes, covering 'awrah, getting ready early and waiting for the prayer, and making the rows straight without any gaps);
Moving at a measured pace during salah (and not rushing to complete the prayer);
Remembering death (pray as if it is one's last prayer);
Pondering over ayat and adhkar being recited;
Reciting in slow, rhythmic tones (tarteel) and making one's voice beautiful;
Believing that Allah responds to the prayers and bearing in mind that Allah can see him and is watching him as he prays;
Praying with a barrier (sutrah) in front;
Placing the right hand on the left hand on the chest;
Looking at the place of prostration (sujood);
Looking at index finger throughout Tashahhud and moving it;
Varying between various soorahs, ayat, adhkar and du'aa's recited in prayer;
Seeking refuge with Allah from Shaytaan;
Removing anything that may be distractive;
Not praying when there is food prepared that one wants to eat;
Not praying when one needs to answer the call of nature;
Not praying when one feels sleepy;
Not praying behind someone who is talking (or sleeping);
Not moving unnecessarily during prayer;
Not raising one's gaze to the heavens;
Trying not to yawn when praying;
Not putting one's hands on one's hips when praying; and
Lastly, the Prophet forbade: pecking like a crow/cockerel, spreading one's forearms like a carnivore, always praying in the same place like a camel keeping to its own territory, sitting like a dog or turning like a fox in prayer)
Imam Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah wrote in his book "Al-Waabil as-Sayyib min al-Kalim at-Tayyib" about the five levels of khushoo' and corresponding reward and punishment. (Refer Long Answer below) In fact, whoever stands before Allah praying in humility, his/her second standing on the Day he meets Him, will be made easy.
Let's conclude this with a beautiful summary on attaining khushoo' as narrated by a pious predecessor: "When the time for Prayer is at hand, I make a proper ablution, go to the spot where I intend to pray and sit there till all my limbs and organs are in a collected state. Then I stand up to perform my Prayer, placing the Kabah between my brows, the Bridge- over-Hell beneath my feet, Paradise to my right and Hell to my left, and the Angel of Death behind me, thinking all the while that this is my final Prayer. Then I stand between hope and fear. I carefully pronounce "Allahu Akbar!" Then I recite the Quran harmoniously, bow in humility and prostrate myself submissively. I then sit back on my left haunch spreading out the top of my left foot and raising my right foot on the toes. I follow this with sincerity. Then I wonder whether or not my Prayer has been accepted."
Long Answer:
Importance of khushoo'
Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) says in the Qur'an: "…and stand before Allah with obedience" (Soorah al-Baqarah 2:238) and concerning the prayer: "… and truly it is extremely heavy and hard except for al-khaashi'oon…' (Soorah al-Baqarah 2:45).
Salah is the greatest of the practical pillars of Islam, and khushoo' in prayer is required by shari'ah. When Iblees, the enemy of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى), vowed to mislead and tempt the sons of Adam and said "Then I will come to them from before them and behind them, from their right and from their left…" (Soorah al-A'raf, 7:17), one of his most significant plots became to divert people from salah by all possible means and to whisper to them during their prayer so as to deprive them of the joy of this worship and cause them to lose the reward for it. As khushoo' will be the first thing to disappear from the earth, and we are living in the last times, the words of Hudhayfah (رضي الله عنه) are particularly pertinent to us: "The first thing of your religion that you will lose is khushoo', and the last thing that you will lose of your religion is salah. There may be a person praying who has no goodness in him, and soon you will enter the mosque and not find anyone who has khushoo'" (al-Madaarij).
Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) says in the Qur'an: "Successful indeed are the believers, those who offer their salah (prayers) with all solemnity and full submissiveness." (Soorah al-Mu'minoon, 23:1-2) – i.e., fearing Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) and in a calm manner. Khushoo' means [heart standing before Allah in] calmness, serenity, tranquility, dignity and humility. What makes a person have this khushoo' is fear of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) and the sense that He is always watching (Tafseer Ibn Katheer, Daar al-Sha'b). Khushoo' means that the heart stands before the Lord in humility and submission (al-Madaarij).
It was reported that Mujaahid said: "'…and stand before Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) with obedience" (al-Baqarah, 2:238)' – part of obedience is to bow, to be solemn and submissive, to lower one's gaze and to humble oneself out of fear of Allah (سبحانه و تعالى), may He be glorified." (Ta'zeem Qadr al-Salah)
The site of khushoo' is the heart, and its effects are manifested in the physical body. The various faculties follow the heart: if the heart is corrupted by negligence or insinuating whispers from Shaytan, the worship of the body's faculties will also be corrupt. "Khushoo' in prayer happens when a person empties his heart for it (prayer), and focuses on it to the exclusion of all else, and prefers it to everything else. Only then does he find comfort and joy in it, as the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: '… and my joy has been made in salah.'" (Tafseer Ibn Katheer; the hadith is in Musnad Ahmad and Saheeh al-Jaami')
Concerning the virtues of khushoo' and as a warning to the one who neglects it, the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "Five prayers which Allah has made obligatory. Whoever does wudu' properly for them, prays them on time, does ruku' properly and has perfect khushoo', it is a promise from Allah that he will be forgiven, but whoever does not do this, has no such promise – if Allah wishes, He will forgive him, and if He wishes, He will punish him." (Reported by Abu Dawood; Saheeh al-Jaami')
Things that help achieve khushoo'
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) explained the things that help us to have khushoo': "Two things help us to [develop khushoo']: a strong desire to do what is obligatory, and weakness of distractions.
With regard to the first, the strong desire to do what is obligatory: [this means that] a person strives hard to focus on what he is saying and doing, pondering on the meanings of the Qur'an recitation, dhikr and du'aa's, and keeping in mind the fact that he is speaking to Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) as if he sees Him, for when he is standing in prayer, he is talking to his Lord.
Ihsaan means 'that you worship Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) as if you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, He can see you.' The more the slave tastes the sweetness of salah, the more attracted he will be to it, and this has to do with the strength of his emaan…
With regard to the second, weakness of distractions: This means striving to push away all distractions that make you think of something other than the prayer itself, and warding off thoughts that keep you mind off the purpose of the prayer. This is something which differs from one person to another, because the extent of waswaas has to do with the extent of one's doubts and desires and the heart's focus and dependence on what it loves, and its efforts to avoid what it dislikes." (Majmoo' al-Fataawa, 22/606-607)
Means of Developing Khushoo'
Preparing oneself for prayer properly: The following acts should be performed, namely, repeating the words of the adhan after the muezzin, reciting the du'aa after adhan, reciting du'aa' between the adhan and the iqamah, making wudu' properly and reciting du'aa after it, using siwaak to cleanse the mouth, wearing one's best and cleanest clothes to prayer, covering our 'awrah properly, purifying the spot where we are going to pray, getting ready early and waiting for the prayer, and making the rows straight without any gaps as shayaateen come in through the gaps in the rows.
Moving at a measured pace during salah: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) used to move at a measured pace during salah, allowing every bone to return to its place. (Its isnaad is classed as sahih in Sifat al-Salaat; Ibn Khuzaymah also classed it as sahih as mentioned by al-Haafiz in al-Fath) He commanded those who were not doing their prayer properly to do this too. He said, "None of you has prayed properly until he does this." (Reported by Abu Dawood)
Abu Qutaadah (رضي الله عنه) said: "The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: 'The worst type of thief is the one who steals from his prayer.' He said, 'O Messenger of Allah, how can a person steal from his prayer?' He said, 'By not doing ruku' and sujood properly.'" (Reported by Ahmad and al-Haakim; Saheeh al-Jaami')
Abu 'Abd-Allah al-Ash'ari (رضي الله عنه) said: "The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said, 'The one who does not do ruku' properly, and pecks in sujood, is like a starving man who eats only one or two dates; it does not do him any good at all.'" (Reported by al-Tabarani in al-Kabeer. In Saheeh al-Jaami' it says, hasan)
Remembering death whilst praying: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "Remember death in your prayer, for the man who remembers death during his prayer is bound to pray properly, and pray the prayer of a man who does not think that he will pray any other prayer." (al-Silsilat al-Saheehah by al-Albani. It was reported from al-Suyooti that al-Haafiz ibn Hajar classed this hadith as hasan). The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) also advised Abu Ayyoob (رضي الله عنه): "When you stand up to pray, pray a farewell prayer." (Reported by Ahmad; Saheeh al-Jaami')
Thinking about the ayat and adhkar being recited during the prayer and interacting with them: The Qur'an was revealed to be pondered over. Allah says in the Qur'an: "(This is) a Book which We have sent down to you, full of blessings that they may ponder over its Verses, and that men of understanding may remember." (Soorah Saad, 38:29) Another way of helping oneself to ponder over the meanings is to memorize Qur'an and various adhkar to be recited during different parts of the prayer, so that one may recite them and think about their meanings. Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) says in the Qur'an: "And they fall down on their faces weeping and it adds to their humility [khushoo']." (Soorah al-Isra', 17:109) [Moreover, it is incumbent upon every Muslim to learn the language of the Qur'an]
Examples of interacting with the ayat are saying "Ameen" after al-Faatihah; The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "If the imam says 'Ameen,' then say 'Ameen' too, for whoever says 'Ameen' and it coincides with the 'Ameen' of the angels, will have all his previous sins forgiven." (Reported by al-Bukhari); Next, responding to the imam when he says "Sami' Allaahu liman hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him)"; the members of the congregation should say, "Rabbanaa wa laka'l-hamd (O our Lord, to You be praise)." This also brings a great reward. Rifaa'ah ibn Raafi' al-Zirqi said: "One day we were praying behind the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم). When he raised his head, he said, 'Sami' Allaahu liman hamidah,' and a man behind him said, 'Rabbanaa wa laka'l-hamdu hamdan katheeran tayyiban mubaarakan fih (Our Lord to You be much good and blessed praise).' When he finished, he said, 'Who is the one who spoke?' The man said, 'Me.' He said, 'I saw thirty-odd angels rushing to see who would write it down first.'" (Reported by al-Bukhari, al-Fath)
Reciting in slow, rhythmic tones (tarteel) and making one's voice beautiful when reciting: Allah says in the Qur'an: "… and recite the Qur'an (aloud) in a slow, (pleasant tone and) style." (Soorah al-Muzzammil, 73:4) The recitation of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) was clear, with each letter pronounced distinctly." (Musnad Ahmad, with a sahih isnad. Sifat al-Salaah)
Knowing that Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) responds to prayers [and bearing in mind that Allah can see him and is watching him as he prays]: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "Allah, the Blessed and Exalted has said: 'I have divided the prayer between Myself and My slave, into two halves, and My slave shall have what he has asked for." When the slave says 'Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds,' Allah says, 'My slave has praised Me.' When the slave says, 'The Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy,' Allah says, 'My slave has extolled me.' When the slave says, 'Master of the Day of Judgement,' Allah says, 'My slave has glorified me.' When the slave says, 'It is You alone we worship and it is You alone we ask for help,' Allah says, 'This is between Me and My slave, and My slave shall have what he asked for.' When the slave says, 'Guide us to the Straight Path, the path of those whom You have favoured, not the path of those who receive Your anger, nor of those who go astray,' Allah says, 'All these are for My slave, and My slave shall have what he asked for.'" (Saheeh Muslim, Kitaab al-Salaah, Baab wujoob qiraa'at al-Faatihah fi kulli rak'ah). [Words in italics are the translation of the meaning of Soorah al-Faatihah]. This "conversation" with Allah must be respected and accorded its proper value. The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "When any one of you stands to pray, he is conversing with his Lord, so let him pay attention to how he speaks to Him." (al-Haakim, al-Mustadrak; Saheeh al-Jaami')
Praying with a barrier (sutrah) in front of one and praying close to it: This restricts the field of vision, protect from Shaytaan and keep people from passing in front. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "When any one of you prays, let him pray facing a sutrah, and let him get close to it." (Reported by Abu Dawood; Saheeh al-Jaami'). Getting close to the sutrah is very beneficial, as the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "When any one of you prays facing a sutrah, let him get close to it so that the Shaytaan cannot interrupt his prayer." (Reported by Abu Dawood; Saheeh al-Jaami'). The Sunnah in getting close to the sutrah is to have three cubits between it and the spot where one prostrates, or to allow enough space for a sheep to pass between the two, as is reported in the sahih ahadith. (Al-Bukhari; see al-Fath)
Placing the right hand on the left hand on the chest: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم), when he stood up to pray, used to place his right hand on his left hand (Muslim), and place them on his chest (Abu Dawood; see also Irwa' al-Ghaleel). The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said, "We Prophets were commanded… to place our right hands on our left hands in prayer." (Reported by al-Tabarani in al-Mu'jam al-Kabeer. Al-Haythami said: Al-Tabarani reported it in al-Awsat and its men are the men of sahih. Al-Majma') Imam Ahmad (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked about the meaning of placing one hand on top of the other when standing in prayer. He said: "It is humility before the Almighty." (Al-Khushoo' fi'l-Salaah by Ibn Rajab)
Looking at the place of prostration: It was reported from 'Aa'ishah (رضي الله عنها) that "the Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) used to pray with his head tilted forward and his gaze lowered, looking at the ground." (Reported by al-Haakim; he said it is sahih according to the condition of the two Shaykhs [al-Bukhari and Muslim], and al-Albani agreed with him in Sifat al-Salaah)
Looking at index finger and moving it in Tashahhud: When a person sits for Tashahhud, he should look at the finger with which he is pointing as he is moving it, as it was reported that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) "would point with the finger next to the thumb towards the qiblah, and focus his gaze upon it." (Reported by Ibn Khuzaymah; the editor said: its isnad is sahih; See Sifat al-Salaah). According to another report he "pointed with his index finger and did not allow his gaze to wander beyond it." (Reported by Ahmad and by Abu Dawood)
The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "It is more powerful against the Shaytaan than iron" (reported by Imam Ahmad with a hasan isnad, as stated in Sifat al-Salaah), i.e., pointing with the forefinger during the Tashahhud is more painful to the Shaytaan than being beaten with a rod of iron, because it reminds the slave of the Unity of Allah and this is what the Shaytaan hates most… (al-Fath al-Rabbani by al-Saa'idi, 4/15). (Refer Question # 197 for details)
Varying the soorahs, ayat, adhkar and du'aa's recited in prayer: This makes the worshipper feel that he is encountering new meanings and moving between different topics mentioned in the ayat and adhkar. This is what a person misses out on if he only memorizes a few soorahs (especially the short ones) and adhkar. Please refer to Sifat al-Salaat al-Nabi (صلى الله عليه و سلم) by Shaykh Muhammad Naasir al-Deen al-Albaani, which he compiled from the books of hadith was adhkar and various soorahs recited by Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) in his salah)
Performing sujood al-tilaawah when reciting an ayah where this is required: One of the etiquettes of reciting Qur'an is to perform sujood al-tilaawah (prostration for recitation) when one recites an ayah containing a "sajdah" (place where a prostration is required). Sujood al-Tilaawah in prayer is very important because it increases khushoo'. Allah says in the Qur'an: "And they fall down on their faces weeping and it adds to their humility [khushoo']." (Soorah al-Israa' 17:109) Abu Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه) said: "The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: 'When the son of Adam recites a sajdah, the Shaytaan goes away weeping, saying, "Woe to him! He was commanded to prostrate and he prostrated, so Paradise is his; I was ordered to prostrate and I disobeyed, so Hell is my fate!"'" (Reported by Imam Muslim in his Saheeh).
Seeking refuge with Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) from the Shaytaan: The Shaytaan is our enemy, and one of the aspects of his enmity is his whispering insinuating thoughts (waswaas) to the worshipper at prayer so as to take away his khushoo' and confuse him in his prayer. Every time the slave wants to turn his thoughts towards Allah, thoughts of other matters come sneaking into his mind. The Shaytaan is like a bandit lying in wait to launch an ambush: every time the slave wants to travel towards Allah, the Shaytaan wants to cut off his route.
Abu'l-'Aas (رضي الله عنه) reported that he said, "O Messenger of Allah, the Shaytaan interrupts me when I pray, and I get confused in my recitation." The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said, "That is a shaytaan whose name is Khanzab. If you sense his presence, seek refuge with Allah from him, and spit [dry spitting] towards your left three times." [Abu'l-'Aas] said: "I did that and Allah took him away from me." (Reported by Muslim)
Removing anything that may distract the worshipper: Anas (رضي الله عنه) said: "'Aa'ishah had a decorated, colorful curtain which she used to cover the side of her house. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said to her, 'Take it away from me, because its decorations keep distracting me when I pray.'" (Reported by al-Bukhari, Fath al- Bari) Another indication of this is the fact that when the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) entered the Ka'bah to pray in it, he saw two ram's horns. When he had prayed, he told 'Uthmaan al-Hajabi, "I forgot to tell you to cover the horns, because there should not be anything in the House to distract the worshipper." (Reported by Abu Dawood; Saheeh al-Jaami')
Also, one should also avoid praying in places that are very hot or very cold, if possible. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) told us to delay praying Dhuhr in summer until the hottest part of the day was over. Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allah have mercy on him) said: "Praying when it is intensely hot prevents a person from having the proper khushoo' and presence of mind, and he does his worship reluctantly, so the Prophet wisely told them to delay praying until the heat had lessened somewhat, so that they could pray with presence of mind and thus achieve the purpose of prayer, i.e., having khushoo' and turning to Allah." (Al-Waabil al-Sayib, Daar al-Bayaan)
Not praying in a garment that has decorations, writing, bright colors or pictures that will distract the worshipper: 'Aa'ishah (رضي الله عنها) said: "The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) stood up to pray wearing a checkered shirt, and he looked at the patterns in it. When he had finished his prayer, he said, "Take this shirt to Abu Jaham ibn Hudhayfah and bring me an anbajaani (a garment with no decorations or checks), because it distracted me when I was praying." According to another report: "These checks distracted me." According to another report: "He had a checkered shirt, which used to distract him whilst he was praying." (Reports in Saheeh Muslim)
Not praying when there is food prepared that one wants to eat: The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "Do not pray when there is food prepared." (Reported by Muslim) If food has been prepared and served, or if it is offered, a person should eat first, because he will not be able to concentrate properly and have khushoo' if he leaves it and gets up to pray when he is wanting to eat. He should not even hasten to finish eating, because the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "If the dinner is served and the time for prayer comes, eat dinner before praying Salaat al- Maghrib, and do not rush to finish your meal." According to another report: "If dinner has been put out and the iqaamah has been given for prayer, eat dinner first and do not rush to finish it." (Agreed upon. Al-Bukhari, Kitaab al-Aadhan, Baab idhaa hadara al-ta'aamu wa uqeemat al-salaah; Muslim)
Not praying when one needs to answer the call of nature: No doubt one of the things that can prevent proper khushoo' is praying when one needs to go to the washroom. The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) forbade praying when one is suppressing the urge to urinate or defecate. (Reported by Ibn Maajah in his Sunan; Saheeh al-Jaami'). If anyone is in this position, he should first go to the bathroom and answer the call of nature, even if he misses whatever he misses of the congregational prayer, because the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "If any one of you needs to go to the toilet, and the prayer has begun, he should go to the toilet first." (Reported by Abu Dawood; Saheeh al-Jaami') If this happens to a person whilst he is praying, he should stop praying, go and answer the call of nature, purify himself then pray, because the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said, "There is no prayer when there is food prepared or if one is suppressing the urge to expel waste matter." (Saheeh Muslim) Without a doubt, this trying to suppress the urge takes away khushoo'. This ruling also applies to suppressing the urge to pass wind.
Not praying when one feels sleepy: Anas ibn Malik (رضي الله عنه) said, "The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "If any one of you feels sleepy when he is praying, he should sleep until he [is rested enough to] know what he is saying," i.e., he should take a nap until he no longer feels drowsy. (Reported by al-Bukhari)
Not praying behind someone who is talking (or sleeping): The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) forbade this; he said: "Do not pray behind one who is sleeping or one who is talking." (Reported by Abu Dawood; Saheeh al-Jaami'; He said, a hasan hadith) – because one who is talking will distract the worshipper with his talk, and one who is sleeping may expose something that will distract the worshipper.
Not turning around during prayer: Abu Dharr (رضي الله عنه) said: "The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: 'Allah continues to turn towards His slave whilst he is praying, so long as he does not turn away, but if he turns away, [Allah] turns away from him." (Reported by Abu Dawood; Saheeh Abi Dawood). [Only in cases of absolute necessity, certain actions are allowed during prayer, for e.g., the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) ordered killing of snakes and scorpions even during prayer, and a person who is praying should stop and even fight one who wants to pass in front of him whilst he is praying, he told women to clap during prayer [if they spot a mistake on the part of the imam], and he used to wave or gesture to people who greeted him whilst he was praying.] (Majmoo' al-Fataawa)
Not raising one's gaze to the heavens: The Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) forbade us to do this and issued a warning against it. He said: "When any one of you is praying, he should not lift his gaze to the heavens, lest he lose his sight." (Reported by Ahmad; Saheeh al-Jaami')
Trying not to yawn when praying: The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "If anyone of you feels the urge to yawn during prayer, let him suppress it as much as he can, lest the Shaytaan enter…" (Reported by Muslim) If the Shaytaan enters, he will be more able to disturb the worshipper's khushoo', in addition to laughing at him when he yawns.
Not putting one's hands on one's hips when praying: Abu Hurayrah (رضي الله عنه) said: "The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) forbade putting the hands on the hips during prayer." (Reported by Abu Dawood, no. 947; Saheeh al-Bukhari, Kitaab al-'Aml fi'l-Salaah, Baab al-Hadhrfi'l-Salaah).
Not resembling animals: The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) forbade three things in prayer: pecking like a crow, spreading one's forearms like a carnivore, or always praying in the same place like a camel keeping to its own territory. (Reported by Ahmad) According to another report: "He forbade me to peck like a cockerel, to sit like a dog or to turn like a fox." (Reported by Imam Ahmad; Saheeh al-Targheeb)
The reward recorded is in proportion to the degree of khushoo', as the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: "A slave may pray and have nothing recorded for it except a tenth of it, or a ninth, or an eighth, or a seventh, or a sixth, or a fifth, or a quarter, or a third, or a half." (Reported by Imam Ahmad; Saheeh al-Jaami') Only the parts of his prayer where he focused and concentrated properly will be of any avail to him. It was reported that Ibn 'Abbas (رضي الله عنه) said: "You will only have from your prayer that which you focused on."
Imam Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah wrote in his book "Al-Waabil as-Sayyib min al-Kalim at-Tayyib":
"When it comes to prayer, people are of five levels: The first is the level of the one who wrongs himself and is negligent. He does not do wudu' properly, or pray at the right time or make sure he does all the necessary parts of prayer.
The second is one who observes the outward essentials of prayer, prays on time and does wudu', but he has lost the battle against his own self and is overwhelmed with waswaas.
The third is one who observes the outward essentials of prayer, prays on time and does wudu', and also strives against his own self and against waswaas, but he is preoccupied with his struggle against his enemy (i.e. the Shaytaan), lest he steal from his prayer, so he is engaged in salah and jihad at the same time.
The fourth is one who when he stands up to pray, he fulfils all the requirements of the prayer, and his heart is fully focused and alert lest he omit anything, and his concern is to do the prayer properly and perfectly. His heart is deeply immersed in his prayer and worship of his Lord.
The fifth is one who does all of that, but he takes his heart and places it before his Lord, looking at his Lord with his heart and focusing on Him, filled with love and adoration, as if he is actually seeing Him. That waswaas and those thoughts diminish, and the barriers between him and his Lord are lifted. The difference between the prayer of this person and the prayer of anyone is else is greater than the difference between heaven and earth. When this person prays, he is preoccupied with his Lord and content with Him.
The first type is punishable; the second is accountable; the third is striving so he is not counted as a sinner; the fourth is rewarded and the fifth is drawn close to his Lord, because he is one of those for whom prayer is a source of joy. Whoever finds their joy in prayer in this life, will find their joy in being close to Allah in the Hereafter, and will also find his joy in Allah in this world. Whoever finds his joy in Allah will be content with everything, and whoever does not find his joy in Allah, will be destroyed by his feelings of grief and regret for worldly matters."
(The above is a (paraphrased) excerpt from the book '33 Ways of Developing Khushoo' in Salaah' by Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid)
[Ibn al-Qayyim also (may Allah have mercy on him) said: Every individual must stand before Allah twice: when he stands before Him in prayer and when he stands before Him on the Day he meets Him. Whoever stands before Him as he should in the first instance, the second standing will be made easy for him, but whoever is heedless with regard to this standing, and does not stand before Him (in prayer) as he should, that standing (on the Day of Resurrection) will be made difficult for him. (al-Fawaa'id)] (Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid)
Let's conclude the answer with this beautiful summary on attaining khushoo': It is related of Hatim al-Asamm (may Allah be pleased with him) that he said, in answer to a question about Prayer: "When the time for Prayer is at hand, I make a proper ablution, go to the spot where I intend to pray and sit there till all my limbs and organs are in a collected state. Then I stand up to perform my Prayer, placing the Kabah between my brows, the Bridge- over-Hell beneath my feet, Paradise to my right and Hell to my left, and the Angel of Death behind me, thinking all the while that this is my final Prayer. Then I stand between hope and fear. I carefully pronounce "Allahu Akbar!" Then I recite the Quran harmoniously, bow in humility and prostrate myself submissively. I then sit back on my left haunch spreading out the top of my left foot and raising my right foot on the toes. I follow this with sincerity. Then I wonder whether or not my Prayer has been accepted." ("Inner Dimensions of Islamic Worship" by Imam Ghazali)
Allahu A'lam (Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) knows best) and all Perfections belong to Allah, and all mistakes belong to me alone. May Allah (سبحانه و تعالى) forgive me, Ameen.
Wassalaam
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Question # 255: Combining / Joining Two Prayers when not Traveling
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This week Ed and I were looking at the issues that are emanating from Parliament related to our good friend Brexit! We were looking at the idea that whatever happens there will be a lot of unhappy people. Situation such as this polarise the population very clearly into them and us, if you are not one of us you are one of them. This is the stuff of civil wars, terrorism and general insurrection. To resolve this split in attitudes and ideas involves movement on both sides. True compromise is when both sides give a little and move towards each other's points of view. This involves tolerance and letting go. So I thought that it is time again to revisit the Law of Allowing. This is week six of the Live In The Present course/book and it is my resource for this week.
In this Law we begin to understand that if we focus on the negative we only make things worse. However if we can allow the mad people to be mad without joining them we can, in time make things better. For most of us allowing is the choice between love and hate. In the end love wins through.
This is one of the hardest steps in the Live in the Present course/book.
If you feel angry or disgruntled when someone with beliefs opposed to yours gets their way, if you become upset because you can't have your way, then you are not living within the Law of allowing.
When we can allow others to be who they are, we stand a better chance of changing their behaviour. When we oppose peoples behaviour it will normally make it worse and we get more of what we don't want.
According to Emile Coue when you feel or express anger at the behaviour of others you will create more of what you would seek to eliminate.
Is it ok to be completely tolerant of any behaviours?
"The so-called paradox of freedom is the argument that freedom in the sense of absence of any constraining control must lead to very great restraint, since it makes the bully free to enslave the meek. The idea is, in a slightly different form, and with very different tendency, clearly expressed in Plato.
Of all the Universal Laws, the Law of Allowing is often the most difficult one to get our heads around. The truth is, there is freedom in allowing circumstances to be what they are and people to be who they are, whether you agree with them or not . Really. Even when it comes to poverty or war or disease.
Mother Theresa famously said that she would not attend an anti war rally, but she would attend a pro peace rally. She understood the Law of Allowing and the Law of Reversed Effort. She realised that the effect of an anti war rally would simply focus attention on 'War'. A pro peace rally will focus attention on 'Peace'.
This is also an internal process. When we have an internal dialogue that is self punishing when we get something wrong all we do is create more of what we don't want.
If I am using hypnosis to stop someone smoking and use the phrase "you must stop this filthy, disgusting habit right now!" the person will smoke even more. However, if I use the phrase "you will get a lot of pride and pleasure from no longer needing to smoke", the person will stop.
To change yourself and change others you need to evoke the Law of Allowing.
← TSHP302: Dealing with rage. Why are we so angry?


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English as an Additional Language Support
Community Language School Grants
National Disability Insurance Scheme
Nationally Consistent Collection of Data
The Department of Education supports all culturally and linguistically diverse English language learners and their families to succeed as connected, resilient, creative and curious thinkers and members of the Tasmanian Government school community.
The English as an Additional Language (EAL) team works with schools to:
strengthen and promote quality teaching and learning practices to ensure that all English language learners in Tasmanian schools have the opportunity to access, participate and engage, achieving high level outcomes across the curriculum
establish links between home and school for EAL students and families
support the health and wellbeing of all EAL students by fostering cultural responsiveness amongst staff, students and the school community to ensure that all EAL students feel safe and valued and engaged in learning.
EAL Program Overview
Proficiency in Standard Australian English is crucial to achieving successful learning outcomes in all areas of the curriculum. The EAL Program aspires to improve educational opportunities and outcomes for newly arrived students by providing resources that develop English language competence and facilitate access, participation and engagement in mainstream educational activities.
English as an additional language learners are diverse and have varied learning needs.
EAL learners supported by the Program are students who were born overseas or in Australia, enrolled in Department of Education schools and colleges who:
have had little or no previous formal schooling in any country, or severely interrupted education in their first language
begin school with limited or no exposure to English
attended schooling outside of Australia which is equivalent to that of their peers.
To make progress and to achieve the same level of educational success as students whose first language is English, EAL students will be supported to develop literacy in English by:
learning to speak English
learning to listen and comprehend spoken English
learning to read and write English
continuing their learning across the curriculum through English at the same time as they learn English
learning about the Australian school system.
Students will also be supported to learn about the Australian culture in both the school and community contexts.
Support in schools is provided by EAL specialist teachers, teacher assistants and multilingual teacher assistants.
Interpreters are used to ensure students and their parents/carers receive essential information and to support dialogue between all those involved in the students' education and wellbeing.
New Social Worker roles
In 2019, EAL has employed two new social workers in recognition of the complex needs of many of our migrant students and families, and as a means of bridging any gaps in the current support services.
Further information is available at Social Worker role.
Funding Grant Applications have now closed for 2019 for Community Language Schools.
For further information about the program is available at Community Language School Grants.
Further information in relation to EAL quality teaching is available at Teaching and Learning – EAL.
For further information, contact: EAL.program@education.tas.gov.au
Refer to the English as an Additional Language – Information for Tasmanian Schools Brochure for further information.


Attractive original coloured woodcut map showing the African continent. From a German edition of Cosmographia by Sebastian Munster printed from Petri in Basel. Two interesting woodcut on backside: Last leaf of the fifth book of the Cosmography, describing the exploration of the Spanish armada in Caribbean Sea. One woodcut showing a Spanish ship attacked by Native American and as described in the German text, the second woodcut showing a young Spanish explorer roasted on a spit.
Slightly waterstained, not affecting the woodcuts. Overall fine condition.


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Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) Operations Assessment (Indonesia)
In 2017, the government of Indonesia launched the Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) programme. This aimed to digitise and replace the existing subsidised rice distribution programme, known as Raskin.
May 11, 2018 by MSC Consulting
In 2017, the government of Indonesia launched the Bantuan Pangan Non Tunai (BPNT) programme. This aimed to digitise and replace the existing subsidised rice distribution programme, known as Raskin. This programme is the largest social transfer initiative to be digitised in the country. BPNT will set the blueprint for digitising all government-to-people programmes in Indonesia. At its initial phase, the programme was launched in 44 cities with 1.4 million beneficiaries.
The Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA), which is the implementing ministry of the programme, requested MicroSave to conduct an operations evaluation of the implementation in 2017 and to suggest recommendations for future scale up in 2018. The assessment included a survey of e-Warungs (retailers appointed by banks or MoSA to distribute the food) and beneficiaries spread across 43 cities where BPNT was rolled out. The report identifies the key issues faced in the implementation of the programme and collates the feedback from beneficiaries and retailers on the implementation. The report also provides policy recommendations that MoSA can consider during the scale-up of the programme in 2018 and beyond.
MSC Consulting


At 9 p.m. on April 10, 1856, Theta Chi Fraternity was founded by two military cadets in the Old South Barracks of Norwich University in Norwich, Vermont. Their names were Frederick Norton Freeman and Arthur Chase, and together they laid the foundation for an organization that thrives today, more than 150 years after they first took oaths declaring each other "true and accepted members" of Theta Chi.
The Fraternity encountered many hardships in its early years, including being nearly eradicated by the Civil War—in which 750 Norwich cadets served—and an enormous fire that devastated both the University and the barracks in which Theta Chi was founded. By 1866, enrollment at Norwich had dropped to only 19 men.
Just 25 years after Freeman and Chase founded Theta Chi, the Fraternity found itself on the brink of extinction once again. Were it not for the efforts of James Michael Holland, who, in 1881, was the organization's only remaining member, Theta Chi would have ceased to exist.
With the installation of Beta Chapter at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1902, Theta Chi officially became a national fraternity. The vast majority of our membersip was affected by war once again in the 1940s, when 90% of our undergraduate brothers served their country fighting in WWII. By 1965 we had become an international fraternity. And today, we have installed 231 chapters on campuses all across North America. Throughout our proud and storied history, we have initiated more than 175,000 men as "true and accepted members" of Theta Chi.


Subscribe to the BlackBerry Complete plan now and get access to BlackBerry Messenger (BBM), BlackBerry Email and Instant Messaging with Google Talk and Yahoo Messenger. Included is full access to browse the internet, BlackBerry App World, Social Networking such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace and one Web-based Email Account such as Yahoo, Gmail or Hotmail.
If you prefer to keep in touch by socializing and connecting on Facebook and Twitter and browsing the internet, then this plan is just for you. When you subscribe to the BlackBerry Social plan, you also get BlackBerry Messenger (BBM), BlackBerry Email, BlackBerry App World and Instant Messaging.
Partner IM app providers: Google Talk, Yahoo! Messenger, etc.


How much money are we spending per year and what are we spending it on?
Last week, I listed the top 100 occupations, along with their average hourly and annual wage. In this post, I'm going to look at our average annual expenditures.
More than half of our money goes to cover housing and transportation expenditures.
The top 5 categories combined represent over 80% of our total expenditures.
On average, we spend more than twice the amount on entertainment than we spend on education.
On average, we spend 3 times more on tobacco products and 4.5 times more on alcohol than we spend on reading.
The average annual expenditure per consumer unit is $51,442. As you could expect, the amount of money we spend changes with age. It starts at slightly over $30,000 and gradually increases to roughly $62,000 per year by the time we reach 50 years of age. At that point, it begins to decrease with customers older than 75 spending on average around $33,500 per year.
Unsurprisingly, the cost of obtaining a shelter—represented mainly by mortgage interests and charges, property taxes and/or rental costs—is the single biggest item on the housing breakdown list. A distant second come the operational expenses, including utilities, fuels and services. Finally, an even more distant third on the list are the costs of furnishings and equipment.
The transportation costs are dominated by the cost of procuring the vehicles and the cost of gasoline. Together, these two items make up for around two thirds of all transportation expenditures. Interestingly, our expenditures on public transportation are almost non-existent.
Based on the available data, we spend more than 40% of our annual food costs on eating out. Personally, I find this fact staggering.
So, there you have it: our annual expenditures based on the latest figures from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.


우리는 중국에서 면직물 확인 제조 업체 및 공급 업체 / 공장 전문화되어 있습니다. 면직물 확인 중 하나 인 SHANDONG XINGTENG INTERNATIONAL TRADE CO., LTD. 중국 유명 브랜드 중 하나 인 저렴한 가격 / 저렴한 가격으로 고품질의 면직물 확인 도매업.
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Switching jobs presents a new and exciting opportunity for personal development and professional growth. However, as with any change, challenges arise, and adjustments have to be made in the process. You have new decisions to make and what to do with your old 401(k) plan is an important point of consideration. It's best not to make any hasty decisions; instead, weigh your options. Let's look at some of your options.
If you have a minimum of $5,000 in your account, you have a legal right to stick with your former employer's plan. Usually there is a set time period that you have to make a formal decision, and in some instances, it's between 30 and 90 days. This way you can maintain the plan that you are familiar with, and if it's a good one, you'll still be happy. The disadvantages include restricted access to your funds, from a limited number of investment choice changes to your inability to make a withdrawal until you hit your retirement age.
Rollovers from other retirement plans are now very common with many 401(k), and it is wise to make contributions as you did with your old plan consistently. Consolidation can facilitate ease of managing your retirement account. You can keep a right eye on the performance of your account when it's at your new employer, and you may have the opportunity to take advantage of a more attractive investment that was missing from your old plan.
IRA accounts are known for their flexibility and tax advantage and allow you a reasonable degree of control over how your retirement funds are invested. You have an extensive menu of investment options, from mutual funds, stocks and bonds, and you can invest in as many as you please- something that a 401(k) plan lacks. Another advantage of an IRA account is that you could save on fees since 401(k) plan fees are typically higher than outside investment plans.
This may be the last resort and something that you should give considerable thought to before making a decision. You'd have money that you can use right away, and there is no early-withdrawal penalty if leave your job at 55 or older. There's a good chance that you'll owe income taxes on your money, but worst of all, you could put a dent in your retirement savings.
Andrew Kyriacou can help you make the best choice about what to do with your 401(k) if you change your job, by providing you with valuable information and recommendations regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the different options available to you.


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Taft's Brewing Co is hosting yoga & brunch!
Enjoy a roughly 45-60 minute private yoga class with instruction from nearby Yoga Bar upstairs in Taft's Ale House before we open for the day. At 11:30, head down to Nellie's Tap Room for an all-you-can-eat brunch buffet.
Plus, with your ticket comes unlimited pints of Taft's beer and mimosas from 11:30AM - 1:00PM.
Bring your own mat, grab a friend or two and we'll see you there!


Review your resume before you apply. Check your resume for spelling and grammatical errors and have someone else, with a good eye for detail, review your resume. Important facts about the federal hiring process. The Federal Government does have a standard job application. Your resume is your application.
At Federal Prose, we have the knowledge, skills, and abilities to help you attain "Highly Qualified" status. We have federal resume samples and examples to provide a general idea of our work. We also provide a KSA sample for .
Combination resumes both describe your work experience and highlight your skills. Combination resumes usually provide the most comprehensive overview of your career. Content. Unlike resumes used in the private sector, federal resumes required additional information. For each past job, give the standard information found in most resumes. The Resume Place, headed by recognized national resume expert and author Kathryn Troutman, provides superior Federal resume and career consulting services for the full range of Federal jobseekers, from entry-level applicants to Senior Executive Service .
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text:
Rebel Morrow (née le  à Kilcoy) est un cavalière australienne de concours complet.

Elle participe aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004 à Athènes, où elle finit onzième de l'épreuve individuelle et sixième de l'épreuve par équipes.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Cavalier australien de concours complet
Cavalier aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2004
Naissance en mars 1977
Naissance dans le Queensland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to use Knockout.js in asp.net mvc Razor correctly and sufficiently? i try to learn knockout.js on asp.net mvc razor. i have been coding below code to learn and test myself
But View side throws me a js error.
Error occurs on "var model = @Html.Raw(Json.Encode(Model));" Error : Microsoft JScript run-time error: 'fromJSON' Unable to get value of the property: the object is empty or undefined
Controllers:

  [HttpGet]
        public ActionResult GetGift()
        {
            GiftModel gift = new GiftModel();
            gift.Price = 120;
            gift.Title = "Test";

            return View(gift);
        }

View:

@using System.Web.Script.Serialization;
@model knockout1.Models.GiftModel

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "GetGift";
}

GetGift

Title:

Price:

But i changed my js codes. Error disappears. i can not understand first usage why doesn't correct? i readed Darin Dimitrov's response:
Darin Dimitrov :

Me: (it is working good.)

A: Based on the error message

'fromJSON' Unable to get value of the property: the object is empty or undefined

and page setup your problem is that you are trying to use the KO mapping plugin without including the plugin.
All the methods which are string with ko.mapping are part of the mapping plugin and for using them you need to refeence the knockout.mapping.js file in your HTML page.
Can you can download mapping plugin from github


text:
National Museum of the American Indian in New York Highlights Contemporary Native Artwork from Crow's Shadow Press
The National Museum of the American Indian, Gustav Heye Center in New York presents "Making Marks: Prints from Crow's Shadow," an exhibition now on view through Jan. 5, 2014. The exhibition showcases 18 works by seven contemporary Native American artists: Rick Bartow (Wiyot), Phillip John Charette (Yup'ik), Joe Fedderson (Colville Confederated Tribes [Okanagan/Lakes]), Hock E Aye Vi Edgar Heap of Birds (Cheyenne/Arapaho), James Lavadour (Walla Walla), Wendy Red Star (Crow) and Marie Watt (Seneca).
Nestled in the foothills of Oregon's Blue Mountains, Crow's Shadow Institute of the Arts has been a gathering place for contemporary artists since 1992, drawing Native and non-Native artists from around the world to its state-of-the-art printmaking studio, Crow's Shadow Press. Its goal is to provide opportunities for Native Americans through artistic development.
Lavadour, one of the exhibition's featured artists, was among several to found Crow's Shadow Institute of the Arts in a historic mission schoolhouse on the Umatilla Indian Reservation. Today, the space is home to workshops on traditional art forms of the Plateau region, such as basketry, beadwork and horse regalia, as well as marketing, copyright law and other practical subjects. Crow's Shadow also provides artist residencies alongside master printer Frank Janzen, where artists can draw inspiration from the serenity and beauty of its rural setting. The prints in "Making Marks" were collaborations between Janzen and visiting artists; they are part of the Crow's Shadow permanent collection.
Located at One Bowling Green in Manhattan, the museum is located within the historic Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House, a National Historic Landmark built in 1907. The museum's permanent and temporary exhibitions—as well as a range of public programs, including music and dance performances, films, and symposia—explore the diversity of the Native people of the Americas. For more information, visit www.AmericanIndian.si.edu.
SI-239A-2013
National Museum of the American Indian Heye Center
Image courtesy of Crow's Shadow Institute of the Arts
Crow's Shadow: enit
Wendy Red Star, enit, 2010. Lithograph on paper with archival pigment ink photograph. Part of the "Making Marks: Prints from Crow's Shadow" exhibition at the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, Gustav Heye Center in New York on view through Jan. 5, 2014.
Crow's Shadow: Facing Left Raven
Rick Bartow, Facing Left Raven, 2008. Monoprint on paper. Part of the "Making Marks: Prints from Crow's Shadow" exhibition at the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, Gustav Heye Center in New York on view through Jan. 5, 2014.
Crow's Shadow: Ghost Camp
James Lavadour, Ghost Camp, 2002. Variable edition lithographs with graphite pencil on paper. Part of the "Making Marks: Prints from Crow's Shadow" exhibition at the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, Gustav Heye Center in New York on view through Jan. 5, 2014.
Crow's Shadow: Mend
Marie Watt, Mend, 2005. Woodcut on paper. Part of the "Making Marks: Prints from Crow's Shadow" exhibition at the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, Gustav Heye Center in New York on view through Jan. 5, 2014.


Set sail with this traditional sailor's duffle bag.
From our collaboration collection with British fashion designer JW Anderson.
Inspired by the traditional cylindrical bag used by sailors.
A meticulously crafted bag with plenty of storage space.
Features JW Anderson's signature anchor logo.


text:
All Events Annual Overview
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Tickets Vouchers & Ticket Packages Online Shop
Visit & Contact Hygiene Concept Accessibility Press
About Us History Team
Publications Education Sustainability
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Jan Sowa
Jan Sowa, born 1976, is a materialist dialectical social theorist and researcher. He studied at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland and University Paris VIII in Saint-Denis, France. He holds a PhD in sociology and a habilitation in cultural studies. His research and teaching assignments took him to several academic and non-academic institutions in Poland and abroad, recently, University of São Paulo, Warsaw University and Akademie der Künste der Welt in Cologne. He is a member of the Committee on Cultural Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He has also been active outside of the academic field as curator and journalist. Jan Sowa edited and authored several books and published numerous articles in Poland and abroad (in France, United States, Mexico, Czech Republic and others). A collection of essays "A Joy Forever: Political Economy of Social Creativity", that he co-edited, including articles by Luc Boltanski, Massimiliano Tomba, Isabelle Graw and Gigi Roggero appeared with MayFly Books (London) in 2015. Jan Sowa is currently employed as Associate Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw and also works as the Curator of Discursive Programs and Research of Biennale Warszawa.
As of March 2019.
Art, discourse & parliament
Day 2: 1989/2019 - Come Together
with Boris Buden, Naika Foroutan, Bernd Gehrke, Alexander Giesche, Andrej Holm, Srećko Horvat, Anetta Kahane, Thomas Krüger, Bojana Kunst, Antonia Majaca, Irene Misselwitz, The Performance Bar, Vijay Prashad, Jörg Roesler, Andreas Siekmann, Jan Sowa, Gabriele Stötzer, Margarita Tsomou, Jeremy Wade, Anna Zett a.o.
in the evening: CHEAP
Day 1: Re-Vision
with Almuth Berger, Tatjana Böhm, Susan Buck-Morss, Boris Buden, Augusto Corrieri, Bernd Gehrke, Trajal Harrell, Max Hertzberg, Pan Daijing, Bénédicte Savoy, Bernhard Schlink, Technosekte + Henrike Naumann u.a.
Annual Overview
Getting There & Contact


Yet another version of the Balyna football game, this time with magentic players, paddles and a raised pitch. There were several different magnetic versions of the game with different sized players. I have a number of different sets for sale and a good selection of spares if you are missing pieces.
The top of the range set - superb. Large pitch and full eleven a side teams. Complete with inner packaging.
This is a later set which also contains the impossible to find inner packaging insert to hold all the pieces.
The very nicely presented inner packing for the Popular Edition of Super Soccer.
Quite complex, pitch barriers, corner strengtheners and legs make a nice playing environment.
A four player game using magnetic paddles to move the players. Produced for donkey's years by Toogood & Jones under the name Balyna and often branded as 'Super Soccer'.
A two a side version of the magnetic game with the very early player pieces. Comes with smaller pitch with legs.
This version is the six a side game intended for four players (two per side). Nice table top size pitch with legs.
Crudely moulded plastic figures with magnets in the bases.
The unseen engine room of the game. Figures moved by magnetic poles under the pitch.
Does it get any more exciting than this?
The full eleven aside blue team. Superb.
Cracking full team, ropey painting!
Two goals, two rods, ball, assorted players in box that accompanies the pitch.
The very early magnetic type players were only around for a very short time.


A marine resource can be assigned to a named site.
Before it can be assigned, the resource must be created in ION. If the resource has not already been created follow the steps listed in Create a New Resource.
Steps below begin from resource's page, click here for details on navigating to the resource to be assigned.
A resource that is assigned on a platform that is already linked to a named site automatically will be considered to be assigned on that site. The only way to change the assigned site in this case is to navigate to the platform on which the resource is assigned and change it there, for details see [CIUserDoc:Change the Site Location].
If a resource is already assigned on a named site, that site name will appear in the Location block in the Information group.
To change the site to which an asset is assigned or remove it from that site, go to Change the Assigned Site or Parameters for Device Control.


Use Baseline Shift to move a selected character up or down relative to the baseline of the surrounding text. This option is especially useful when you're hand-setting fractions or adjusting the position of inline graphics.
In the Character panel or Control panel, type a numeric value for Baseline Shift . Positive values move the character's baseline above the baseline of the rest of the line; negative values move it below the baseline.
To increase or decrease the value, click in the Baseline Shift box, and then press the Up or Down Arrow key. Hold down Shift while you press the Up or Down Arrow key to change the value in greater increments.
To change the default increment for baseline shift, specify a value for Baseline Shift in the Units & Increments section of the Preferences dialog box.
Choose Superscript or Subscript in the Character panel menu or in the Control panel.
When you choose Superscript or Subscript, a predefined baseline shift value and type size are applied to the selected text.
The values applied are percentages of the current font size and leading, and are based on settings in the Type Preferences dialog box. These values do not appear in the Baseline Shift or Size boxes of the Character panel when you select the text.
You can change the default size and position of superscripts and subscripts using Advanced Type preferences.
The default weight of an underline and strikethrough depends on the size of the type.
Jeff Witchel provides a video tutorial about underlining at Custom Underlines in InDesign.
Choose Underline or Strikethrough in the Character panel menu or the Control panel.
Creating custom underlining is especially useful when you want to create an even underline below characters of different sizes, or for creating special effects, such as background highlighting.
From the Character panel menu or the Control panel menu, choose Underline Options or Strikethrough Options.
Select Underline On or Strikethrough On to turn on underline or strikethrough for the current text.
For Weight, choose a weight or type a value to determine the thickness of the underline or strikethrough line.
For Type, select one of the underline or strikethrough options.
For Offset, determine the vertical position of the line. The offset is measured from the baseline. Negative values move the underline above the baseline and the strikethrough below the baseline.
Select Overprint Stroke when you want to make sure that the stroke doesn't knock out underlying inks on a printing press.
Choose a color and tint. If you specified any line type other than solid, choose a gap color or gap tint to change the appearance of the area between dashes, dots, or lines.
Select Overprint Stroke or Overprint Gap if the underline or strikethrough will be printed over another color, and you want to avoid errors that can occur with printing misregistration.
To change the underline or strikethrough options in a paragraph or character style, use the Underline Options or Strikethrough Options section of the dialog box that appears when you create or edit the style.
InDesign can automatically insert ligatures, which are typographic replacement characters for certain letter pairs, such as "fi" and "fl," when they are available in a given font. The characters that InDesign uses when the Ligature option is selected appear and print as ligatures, but are fully editable, and do not cause the spell checker to flag a word erroneously.
With OpenType fonts, when you choose Ligatures from the Character panel menu, Control panel menu, or in-context menu, InDesign produces any standard ligature defined in the font, as determined by the font designer. However, some fonts include more ornate, optional ligatures, which can be produced when you choose the Discretionary Ligatures command.
Choose Ligatures from the pop-up. Alternatively, you can use Character panel menu or the Control panel menu to choose Ligatures.
You can apply colors, gradients, and strokes to characters and continue to edit the text. Use the Swatches panel and Stroke panel to apply colors, gradients, and strokes to text, or change Character Color settings when creating or editing a style.
To apply color changes to text inside a frame, use the Type tool to select text.
To apply color changes to all text in a frame, use the Selection tool to select the frame. When applying color to the text rather than the container, make sure that you select the Formatting Affects Text icon in the Tools panel or in the Swatches panel.
In the Tools panel or in the Swatches panel, select whether you want to apply the color change to the fill or stroke. If you select Stroke, the color change affects only the outline of characters.
In the Swatches panel, click a color or gradient swatch.
You can also apply a gradient to text by dragging across the selected text using either the Gradient Swatch tool or the Gradient Feather tool .
To create reverse type, you can change the text fill color to white or [Paper] and the frame's fill color to a dark color. You can also create reverse type by using a paragraph rule behind text; however, if the rule is black, you'll need to change the type to white.
Use the Effects panel to add transparency effects, such as drop shadows, to text.
Mike Rankin provides examples about transparency effects at InDesign Eye Candy, Part I.
Use the Selection tool to select the text frame.
Choose Object > Effects > [effect].
Choose Text from the Settings For menu.
You can choose Object if you want the effects you choose to apply to the text frame's stroke and fill as well as the text inside it.
Specify the effect attributes and click OK.
If you want to change the text's blending mode or opacity settings, make these changes on the Effects panel.
Assigning a language to text determines which spelling and hyphenation dictionary is used. Assigning a language does not change the actual text.
To apply the language only to selected text, select the text.
To change the default dictionary used in InDesign, choose the language with no documents open.
To change the default dictionary for a specific document, open the document, choose Edit > Deselect All, and then choose the language.
In the Character panel, choose the appropriate dictionary in the Language menu.
InDesign uses Proximity (and WinSoft for some languages) dictionaries for both spelling and hyphenation. These dictionaries let you specify a different language for as little as a single character of text. Each dictionary contains hundreds of thousands of words with standard syllable breaks. Changing the default language does not affect existing text frames or documents.
You can customize language dictionaries to ensure that any unique vocabulary you use is recognized and treated correctly.
The All Caps or Small Caps commands change the appearance of text, but not the text itself. Conversely, the Change Case command changes the case setting of selected text. This distinction is important when searching or spell-checking text. For example, suppose you type "spiders" in your document and apply All Caps to the word. Using Find/Change (with Case Sensitive selected) to search for "SPIDERS" will not find the instance of "spiders" to which All Caps was applied. To improve search and spell-check results, use the Change Case command rather than All Caps.
Anne-Marie Concepcion provides an article about small caps at Small Caps vs OpenType All Small Caps.
InDesign can automatically change the case of selected text. When you format text as small caps, InDesign automatically uses the small-cap characters designed as part of the font, if available. Otherwise, InDesign synthesizes the small caps using scaled-down versions of the regular capital letters. The size of synthesized small caps is set in the Type Preferences dialog box.
Choose All Caps or Small Caps in the Character panel menu or in the Control panel. If the text was originally typed in all caps, selecting Small Caps will not change the text.
Choose Edit > Preferences > Advanced Type (Windows) or InDesign > Preferences > Advanced Type (Mac OS).
For Small Caps, type a percentage of the original font size for text to be formatted as small caps. Then click OK.
To change all characters to lowercase, choose Lowercase.
To capitalize the first letter of each word, choose Title Case.
To change all characters to uppercase, choose Uppercase.
To capitalize the first letter of each sentence, choose Sentence Case.
The Sentence Case command assumes that the period (.), exclamation point (!), and question mark (?) characters mark the ends of sentences. Applying Sentence Case may cause unexpected case changes when these characters are used in other ways, as in abbreviations, file names, or Internet URLs. In addition, proper names may become lowercase when they should be uppercase.
You can specify the proportion between the height and width of the type, relative to the original width and height of the characters. Unscaled characters have a value of 100%. Some type families include a true expanded font, which is designed with a larger horizontal spread than the plain type style. Scaling distorts the type, so it is generally preferable to use a font that is designed as condensed or expanded, if one is available.
Select text you want to scale.
In the Character panel or Control panel, type a numeric value to change the percentage of Vertical Scaling or Horizontal Scaling .
Using the Selection tool, hold down Ctrl (Windows) or Command (Mac OS), and then drag a corner of the text frame to resize it.
Using the Scale tool , resize the frame.
When you change the scale of a frame, the text inside the frame is also scaled. For example, when you double the size of a text frame, the text also doubles in size; 20-point text increases to 40 points.
David Blatner provides an article about scaled text frames at Making a Magnifying Glass Text Frame in InDesign.
The scaling values in the Transform panel tell you the horizontal and vertical percentage by which the frame was scaled. By default, with Apply To Content selected, scaling values display at 100% after a text is scaled. If you select the Adjust Scaling Percentage option, the scaling values reflect the scaled frame, so doubling the scale of a frame displays as 200%.
Choose Edit > Preferences > General (Windows) or InDesign > Preferences > General (Mac OS).
Select Adjust Scaling Percentage, and then click OK.
The Adjust Scaling Percentage preference applies to frames that you scale after the preference is turned on, not to existing frames.
The Adjust Scaling Percentage preference stays with the text. The scaled point size continues to appear in parentheses even if you turn off the Adjust Scaling Percentage preference and scale the frame again.
To remove the scaled point size from the Transform panel, choose Redefine Scaling as 100% in the Transform panel. Choosing this option doesn't change the appearance of the scaled frame.
If you edit the text or scale a frame within threaded frames when the Adjust Scaling Percentage preference is selected, the text is scaled, even if it moves to a different frame. However, if Apply To Content is selected, any text that flows to a different frame as a result of editing is no longer scaled.
In the Character panel, type a numeric value for Skewing . Positive values slant type to the right; negative values slant type to the left.
Note that applying an angle to type does not produce true italic characters.


Posted Date:- 06 Jul 2016 Contrary to popular belief, many real investors feel that real estate investment is not always a risky gamble, if the investor does his research about the market conditions. And many investors feel that investing in commercial properties is more profitable and wise than residential properties. Even if you buy it for investment purpose, you can always earn money by putting it up for rent. The real estate industry is going through a phase of consolidation; thus investment in the commercial market will not only ensure good returns, but also regular monthly income for those who are looking for steady flow of income. Think of the best commercial projects in Noida Expressway. From a small shop to a mall, to a bigger joint like a restaurant or a big shop in a commercial sector; the thrust is on reviving the concept of trust in real estate industry and introduction of smart city projects.
Take for instance some of the big commercial projects of Assotech Realty. Assotech Business Cresterra, for instance is a big IT park which offers office space, spaces for lab, research and IT, and ITES offices with access to serviced apartments, shopping, entertainment, health etc. It is not often that you can find everything under one big umbrella. And having so many diverse things under one roof gives you a unique opportunity to choose your preferred area for investment. Shops have always proved to be a good source of investment. The amount of investment in a shop largely depends on its size; but it is the location which also matters. When you buy shops in a mall, it often becomes difficult to manage the entire set up. But with Assotech Realty, you are sure of the developer's reputation. The maintenance expenses and capital values may be higher. But when you come to think of yields, you will not be disappointed.
Sandal Street, one of the ongoing projects in Noida Expressway has an innovative layout of 73,000 square feet offering a high-end shopping experience. Come to think of the combination of functionality with the amazing shopping experience and you are bound to be impressed. It is not just the centralized air-conditioned street or the partially open food court which will capture your imagination; it is the thought that has translated into such a magnificent place that will impress you. It is the marvelous design and the way everything is planned which will make you realize that commercial real estate market is now experimenting with newer ideas. In case of any commercial property, there are fixed hours of operation which is also a huge advantage for a property owner. You need not be on your toes like a residential property, where you need to be extra attentive and extra cautious if you receive a distress call at the dead of the night.
The ROI on commercial properties is always calculated in two ways; one being the rent and the second being the capital appreciation which is almost 10% on an annual scale, thus providing you with a proper stable return. In fact, companies like Assotech Realty are experimenting with new ideas in order to cater to the diversified needs and requirements of commercial investors. New ideas bring new opportunities of investment; and Assotech truly strives to bring new ideas to the table for bringing back the much-desired trust in commercial real estate investment.