Alison Gorman is the trumpeter for Queer as Funk, a seven-piece cover band who market themselves as: "Vancouver's hottest, queerest band." And when the Motown pop/neo-soul septet plays the Commodore Ballroom Aug. 3 it will be more than a point of pride, Gorman says. It will be a political act.
Granville can feel intimidating, Gorman says.
But LGBTQ folks without that measure of invisibility end up hearing catcalls, which is bad enough, Gorman says, but worse are creepiness-laced comments that leave people feeling unsafe.
To help create that familiarity, Queer as Funk will likely pepper their setlist with newer hits like "You Are the Best Thing," by Ray LaMontagne, soul classics by Aretha Franklin and Etta James, as well as standards from the Motown catalogue.
Choosing to play music that was accessible to everyone was a conscious decision, Gorman says.
"You can't not dance," she says.
Gorman first arrived on the North Shore at 13. Sipping her coffee, Gorman describes sitting in the band room at Balmoral Junior Secondary School after moving to North Vancouver from Ottawa. At her old school she'd lobbied to play trumpet because she didn't want to lug a trombone around. Then she'd learned a scale and not much more.
At Balmoral the music other kids were playing seemed beyond her.
"I wanted to quit," she remembers.
But her mother – as mothers often do – presented an alternative. She signed Gorman up for the North Vancouver Youth Band under the premise Gorman could quit after two months if she didn't like it.
She eventually studied music at UBC but had less than fond memories of performing in front of a faculty jury.
At the urging of a teacher, she switched to Vancouver Community College and found a contrast to the competitive pressure cooker of UBC. She also found a heap of bands in need of a horn player.
"Everyone is constantly asking you to play in their band," she says, noting she connected with Queer as Funk keyboardist Luis "Babyface" Melgar through VCC.
Explore your musical potential in a collaborative, hands-on environment. Meet VCC music faculty and learn about upcmoing auditions at our next free information session.


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Horrible History, mythology, and folklore for Adults All history is interesting if looked at in the right way. Think of the weirdest, grossest, bizarre thing you can and multiply it by infinity. That's how weird history is. Did you know.... The CIA's had a secret spy cat project. Victorian fashionistas wore live insect jewellery. The East German police stole people's underwear. Tobacco smoke enemas were a polular medical treatment in the 18th century. We tell you the history your teacher never told you..and you wish they did!
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Shakespeare and Cannabis: Did the Barb imbibe
Should we call William Shakespeare the Bard, His Bardness, Barder, or El Barderino? A South African anthropologist named Thackeray thinks that some of Shakespeare's poems suggest that he enjoyed marijuana. He particularly finds Sonnet 76 suspicious. It contains the verse, "Why write I still all one, ever the same/ And keep invention in a noted weed," as well as a reference to "compounds strange." Thackeray and his team analyzed centuries old pipe fragments from in and around...
Should we call William Shakespeare the Bard, His Bardness, Barder, or El Barderino?
A South African anthropologist named Thackeray thinks that some of Shakespeare's poems suggest that he enjoyed marijuana.
He particularly finds Sonnet 76 suspicious. It contains the verse, "Why write I still all one, ever the same/ And keep invention in a noted weed," as well as a reference to "compounds strange."
Thackeray and his team analyzed centuries old pipe fragments from in and around Stratford-upon-Avon, including several from Shakespeare's birthplace and his later home at New Place. The tests found strong evidence for use of nicotine and, more surprisingly, cocaine.
doobie or not doobie
As for the "noted weed", the study ultimately concludes that "the results are suggestive but do not prove the presence of cannabis."Tobacco and binge drinking were more the Tudor's chosen poison. At one point, Elizabeth I had to personally step in by banning of a high-strength drink referred to as 'double double beer.'
Actually, the heady term "noted weed" probably means "famous type of clothing" and "compound strange" is nothing more than an unusual word construction.
But never mind a few coy words. Consider what happens in Shakespeare's plays:
Macbeth sees dagger floating in the air above him
Hamlet is visited by his father's ghost
Othello babbles on about "goats and monkeys"
Pretty much everyone in Midsummer Nights Dream is on drugs or sleeping potions at some point
Dig him up to find out the truth, you might say. Or you probably wouldn't, but Thackeray tried. What's certain is that people are endlessly hungry for details about Shakespeare's life. Chalk up was he a stoner along with the suggestions that he was a secret Catholic, or gay, or you know, did he even write any of those plays?
What is more interesting is that Shakespeare may have had a co-author on up to a third of his plays. What they did to get the creative juices flowing, we don't know.
Perhaps we should all just chill. Queen Victoria took cannabis for the relief of period pains and every poet worth his or her salt in the 19th century ingested a mountain of opium and laudanum. Prithee, t'would give Keith Richards pause.
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Medieval Dentistry or Killing the tooth worm
This is how Medieval dentistry explained the toothache : a worm busy eating a way out of the jawbone into the tooth and peeping out through the cavity. Not a bad description of what a cavity actually feels like. (Am I alone in picturing a nano-version of the movie "Alien" peering out of your kisser? Probably.) Much of Medieval dentistry involved 'killing' this worm or putting it to sleep. Using cloves, peppers or herbs steeped in wine to 'kill the worm', at least helped to fight...
This is how Medieval dentistry explained the toothache : a worm busy eating a way out of the jawbone into the tooth and peeping out through the cavity.
Not a bad description of what a cavity actually feels like.
(Am I alone in picturing a nano-version of the movie "Alien" peering out of your kisser? Probably.)
Much of Medieval dentistry involved 'killing' this worm or putting it to sleep. Using cloves, peppers or herbs steeped in wine to 'kill the worm',
at least helped to fight infection and numb pain.
This can of dental worms was opened in Babylonian medicine, discussed in first-century Rome, and referred to in Arabian and late Anglo-Saxon sources. A Medieval remedy, gasping the smoke of hot henbane seeds, was mentioned by the Roman doctor, Scribonius Largus.
Medieval Dentistry Cures
Welsh 'cures' against the tooth worm include:
'Take a candle of sheep' suet, some eringo (sea holly Eryngium maritimum) seed being mixed therewith, and burn it as near the tooth as possible, some cold water being held under the candle. The worms (destroying the tooth) will drop into the water, in order to escape from the heat of the candle'
The severe pain caused by the tooth worm was commonly treated by inhaling the smoke from hot henbane. Possibly the burnt henbane seeds looked like small worms, suggesting a successful remedy. The worms had fled the teeth!
Toothache Cures
Not surprisingly, the major concern in Medieval dentistry was toothache.
There are several bizarre recipes for powders for painless tooth extraction:
'Take some newts, by some called lizards, and those nasty beetles which are found in fens during summer time, calcine them in an iron pot and make a powder therof. Wet the forefinger of the right hand, insert it in the powder, and apply it to the tooth frequently, refraining from spitting it off, when the tooth will fall away without pain. It is proven'
'Seek some ants with their eggs and powder, have this powder blown into the tooth through a quill, and be careful that it does not touch another tooth'
John of Gaddesden suggests applying the fat of a green tree frog, partridge brain or dried cow dung to help a decayed tooth fall out. To regenerate the teeth, try smearing the brain of a hare to the gaping jaw. If all else fails, pray to St Apollonia on her feast day. She is the patron saint of dentistry by virtue of having all her teeth extracted, before being burnt alive. However, even contemporary physicians considered John a mountebank, rehashing "the worst of medical lore"
Advanced Medieval Dentistry
If you were lucky enough to have money and live in a larger city or university town, you could avail of quite advanced Medieval dentistry. Dentures, teeth whitening, fillings, and treatments for oral cancer are all mentioned in Medieval texts. Early cavities were filled with delicacies like gall nuts, pig grease and myrrh, sulphur, camphor, beeswax, and arsenic.
Early whitening attempts included aqua fortis (diluted nitric acid). This did actually whiten teeth, but had the unfortunate side effect of eating away at the tooth enamel, so if used too often it destroyed the teeth. A slightly safer method of tooth whitening was boiling together equal parts of honey, vinegar and wine to brighten teeth. Another tooth powder was made from ground up alabaster mixed with jelly that could be rubbed on the teeth, which sounds a little less harmful.
Peasants had to make do with local barber surgeons, their own traditional remedies, and their friends. Untrained tooth-pullers often dislodged other teeth in the process of extraction. They could even dislocate the jaw, break the bone or cause severe haemorrhaging. The victim would not only have to pay for their brutal "care", but would also be charged to buy his own tooth back!
In an odd case, a royal hobbyist stepped up. King James IV of Scotland (1473-1513) was an enthusiastic amateur physician and paid some of his subjects to allow him to extract their teeth and bleed them!
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When Medieval Prostitutes, Harlots, and Strumpets dressed as men
When Medieval prostitutes broke the laws regulating clothing, they often dressed as men. Perhaps this is because male fashion was both titillatingly outré and more form-fitting? In the 14th century, men began to wear daringly short doublets, tights, and codpieces. Women with their full skirts were a mystery below the waist. In Italy, dressing as a man certainly seems to be a signal that the lady is "up for anything". By the time one could browse books on fashion (c 16th century), the...
When Medieval prostitutes broke the laws regulating clothing, they often dressed as men. Perhaps this is because male fashion was both titillatingly outré and more form-fitting?
In the 14th century, men began to wear daringly short doublets, tights, and codpieces. Women with their full skirts were a mystery below the waist.
In Italy, dressing as a man certainly seems to be a signal that the lady is "up for anything". By the time one could browse books on fashion (c 16th century), the typical Venetian courtesan is shown wearing men's breeches beneath her womanly skirts.
In the century after 1450, thirteen women were accused of sexual misconduct by London's governors for cross-dressing as men.
Their punishment was to marched through an angry city, shamed at Cornhill, and exiled forever. They sometimes carried signs (H for 'harlot') or wore a striped hood and were required to carry a mysterious "white rod". In what must have been quite a scene, they were escorted by minstrels and the "music" of basins and pans. Perhaps, sometimes, they danced.
This was the common punishment for a Medieval prostitute or bawd (pimp). Only a token penalty was added for the extra offence of cross-dressing. Bizarrely, the badge of shame was often a man's hat!
Medieval Prostitutes, Strumpets and harlots
Elizabeth Chekyn was caught wearing a priest's gown in 1516. Probably, she was having sex with priests. The court preferred the version in which she was mocking the priesthood. Her attire offended on two fronts- status as well as gender.
Margaret Cotton allegedly obtained her man's gown from a tailor and her hat from a servant. Her manly hat ticked two boxes. It hid her long hair and conferred masculinity.
Margery Brett, Margery Smyth and Margery Tyler were more direct or perhaps daring. They cut their hair short in 1519, an action deemed a 'lewd pleasure' and 'a great displeasure of God and an abomination to the world'.
Brett, Smyth and Tyler were indicted, along with Elizabeth Thomson, as 'strumpets and common harlots of their bodies' during a crackdown in 1519. The only difference from a common prostitutes' punishment was the men's bonnets they were forced to adopt.
Badges of dishonour
In various places, the law decreed that Medieval prostitutes were:
Not allowed to wear jewels, embroidery, or other finery
Required to wear striped hoods (English cities)
Explicitly and repeatedly banned from wearing fur-lined hoods (also England), or fur-lined clothing (France, 1360)
Forced to wear types of badges or decoration on their dress (Provence, Burgundy) or cloak (various Italian cities)
Requiring prostitutes to wear striped hoods to mark themselves was partly to discourage other women from trying prostitution as a way to make money, and to remind everyone that prostitutes were lower status.
Southwark's brothels had a particularly odd rule : no aprons allowed. Aprons might have been a indication of respectable traders. And even in the 15th century, aprons may already have been the "uniform" of a good wifey.
They could have been a satirical dig at the bishop of Winchester, whose ecclesiastical outfit included an apron. The good bishop owned the brothels in Southampton, and gleefully taxed the prostitutes known as the "Winchester Geese". Heaven help you if you were "bitten by a Winchester goose" or suffered from "goose bumps". These are better known as "the clap".
London banned whores from dressing like "good and noble dames or damsels". Specifically, prostitutes couldn't wear fur-lined hoods. Striped hoods became a symbol of prostitution, so much so that Bristol issued a law that proclaimed "Let no whore walk in the town without a striped hood."
Gloves and Bells
Cities enforced their own quirky badge or symbol for Medieval prostitutes.
Beaucaire: a mark on the left arm
Berne: red cap.
Bristol: striped hoods.
Castres: a man's hat and a scarlet belt.
Florence: gloves and bells on the head (in the hair?) and high-heeled slippers.
Languedoc: a cord belt.
Leipzig: yellow cloak trimmed with blue.
London: striped hoods.
Mantua: white cloak and badge on chest
Marseilles: striped tunic.
Milan: black cloak.
Nimes: a sleeve of a special colour.
Pisa: a yellow headband.
Strasbourg: black and white sugarloaf hat.
Toulouse: a mark on their sleeve.
Venice: yellow scarf.
Vienna: yellow scarf.
Zurich: red cap.
The gloves and bells of Florence sounds jolly, until you remember: oh, yeah, leprosy.
Click for more on Medieval cross-dressing, sex with clergy, and prostitution.
Early, Erotic and Alien: Women Dressed as Men in Late Medieval London
The oldest profession: Prostitutes of medieval England
Common Women: Prostitution and Sexuality in Medieval England
Prostitutes' Symbols
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If Day – the day Winnipeg staged a massive Nazi Invasion
The Canadian city of Winnipeg staged an enormous Nazi Invasion in 1942. On If Day (French: "Si un jour"), the "Nazis" (played by young Board of Trade members in German uniforms borrowed from Hollywood) attacked Winnipeg at dawn in -24°C. Some painted sabre scars on their faces to look even more vicious. Super efficiently, they got Winnipeg's surrender at 9:30 am, and renamed the city Himmlerstadt by noon. In one fell swoop, they abolished Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions, Masons,...
The Canadian city of Winnipeg staged an enormous Nazi Invasion in 1942.
Nazis driving tanks down Portage Avenue, Winnipeg
On If Day (French: "Si un jour"), the "Nazis" (played by young Board of Trade members in German uniforms borrowed from Hollywood) attacked Winnipeg at dawn in -24°C. Some painted sabre scars on their faces to look even more vicious. Super efficiently, they got Winnipeg's surrender at 9:30 am, and renamed the city Himmlerstadt by noon.
In one fell swoop, they abolished Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions, Masons, Knights of Columbus, Odd Fellows, Boy Scouts, Girl Guides, and trade unions.
The authentic features of the If Day invasion included:
A real blackout of the city
Radio warnings to rural Manitoba in advance to prevent a War of the Worlds-style panic
An internment camp
An enormous gun fight (with explosions using real dynamite!)
The local newspaper was 'taken over' and published a front page entirely in German
Anti-aircraft guns fired blanks at fighter planes that flew over the city.
Dynamite charges were placed on the ice below bridges. They were then "blown up" using smoke generators and coal dust
There were many advance "warnings" in newspapers about If Day. Nevertheless, some people managed to miss the advance publicity and must have got quite a shock.
Laugh or be imprisoned
Simulated German soldiers harassing a newspaper carrier during If Day
The Winnipeg Tribune was renamed Das Winnipeger Lügenblatt ("The Winnipeg Lies-sheet"), a 'Nazi' publication featuring heavily censored columns and a front page written almost entirely in German.
One satirical story noted that:
"this is a great day for Manitoba …The Nazis, like Der Fuehrer, are patient, kind and tolerant, but THEIR PATIENCE IS RAPIDLY EXHAUSTED BECOMING".
Another included an "official joke", approved by the German authorities, at which all readers were ordered to laugh or be imprisoned.
Q: "Who was that lady last night I saw you out with?"
A: "That lady was my wife!"
(Joke) Ha Ha Ha!
At 6 p.m., the head of the family MUST read this column out loud, while family members laugh three regulation German laughs in unison at each joke. Dissidents were to be reported to the Gestapo by other members of the family. Only official jokes from this column may be told and all of them must be memorised. Official "laughing classes" were to be set up as soon as possible to better instruct the population in German humour.
Books were burned in front of the main Carnegie branch of the Winnipeg Public Library. Don't worry – no books were actually harmed. They had been pre-selected for incineration as damaged or outdated.
Fake currency
Fake German Reichsmarks; the reverse features an ad for Victory Loans
At one local elementary school, the principal was arrested and replaced with a 'Nazi' educator dedicated to teaching the "Nazi Truth". Most children were allowed to leave school at 11:30 am to listen to the radio play "Swastika over Canada" on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Canadian currency was replaced with fake German Reichsmarks, the only propaganda notes that Canada created during the war. Early morning customers at coffee shops were forced to take their change in "worthless paper Reichmarks". Two dozen German soldiers barged into the cafeteria at Great-West Life, forced men and women from their luncheon tables and stole their food!
In the new food rationing, milk was only given to children five years old or younger—3½ cups per week. The Nazis were appalled at the huge amounts of soap available, and immediately reduced this to one tablet per family per month—including detergent.
One recipe had the Nazi seal of approval: "a meat dish approved and recommended by Der Fuehrer: a hamburger made from a cow's udder."
City officials being arrested and taken to the internment camp
City officials were rounded up and taken to an internment camp at Lower Fort Garry. Among those marched off were Premier John Bracken, Mayor John Queen, Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba, and even visiting Norwegian ambassador to the United States Wilhelm de Morgenstierne.
One council member, Dan McClean, escaped but was recaptured after a rigorous search! Chief of Police George Smith avoided capture because he was at lunch when soldiers arrived at his office. So they went upstairs (to a store on the second floor of the police station) and confiscated dozens of buffalo coats. It was, after all, freezing.
The Union Flag at Lower Fort Garry was replaced with the swastika.The city was renamed "Himmlerstadt", and Main Street was termed "Hitlerstrasse"
If Day casualties
The first mock casualty was reported at 8:00 am. Dressing stations were set up at strategic points to give the ambulances and medical officers some practice. They also treated the two real casualties of If Day– a soldier who sprained his ankle, and a woman (a Miss Gorin) who cut her thumb preparing toast during the early-morning blackout.
The simulation was over by 5:30 pm. A parade down Portage Avenue featured signs urging residents to buy victory bonds because "It must not happen here". Over C$3 million was collected in Winnipeg on that day.
If Day Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_Day
The Patriotic Consensus: Unity, Morale, and the Second World War in Winnipeg
By Jody Perrun
Elinorflorence.com
The post If Day – the day Winnipeg staged a massive Nazi Invasion appeared first on Interesly.
Queen Victoria had a beautiful, clever teenage sister
Queen Victoria's only real friend during her childhood was her almost unknown half-sister Feodora. Victoria's half-sister, the beautiful, clever Feodora, was packed off at 21 to a penny-pinching life in a draughty German castle. Victoria was only nine years old. Feodora was glad to escape; she admitted to Victoria in one of their hundreds of letters that she "might have married I don't know whom – merely to get away". Captives at Kensington The two girls were rarely allowed...
Queen Victoria's only real friend during her childhood was her almost unknown half-sister Feodora.
Victoria's half-sister, the beautiful, clever Feodora, was packed off at 21 to a penny-pinching life in a draughty German castle. Victoria was only nine years old. Feodora was glad to escape; she admitted to Victoria in one of their hundreds of letters that she "might have married I don't know whom – merely to get away".
Captives at Kensington
The two girls were rarely allowed beyond the palace gardens. Poor teenage Feodora remembers that her only happy time was driving out with Victoria and her governess : "then I could speak and look as I like".
Feodora, and especially Victoria, lived under The Kensington System. It was a strict and elaborate set of rules designed by her mother Victoria, Duchess of Kent, along with her attendant (and possibly lover) Sir John Conroy.
Victoria was not allowed any privacy. At all times she was to be accompanied by an adult
She was not allowed to walk up or downstairs without holding her mother's arm. Ever.
She had to sleep in the same room as her mother until she became queen at age 18.
Morning lessons began at 9:30 sharp with a break at 11:30. Lessons would resume for the afternoon at 3:00 and would last until 5:00.
All her activities and daily doings would be recorded in pen and ink. Everything.
Like a pair of cartoon villains, Conroy and the Duchess schemed to make Victoria Queen. They were horrified at the chance that King George IV might marry Feodora. Victoria let slip that the King "paid great attention to my Sister, and some people fancied he might marry her!"
Conroy also wanted Feodora gone because he feared her influence. She might encourage Victoria to rebel. He advised the Duchess:
"It is necessary for your and the Pss. Victoria's interest that it should take place – the interest you ought to have over her [Victoria] will be endangered if she sees an older sister not so alive to it as she should be – and recollect, once your authority is lost over the Princess V. you will never regain it".
Romance for Feodora
One Stephen, an Irish furrier, trotted after Feodora when she drove around St. James Park, and wrote Cabinet Ministers, the King, and every member of the royal family that the Princess loved him. Even a short prison stay didn't dampen his passion. Auguste D'Este, son of the Duke of Sussex, wrote letters and even attempted to slip Feodora a gold ring.
Conroy rejected suitors who were based in England, or were too rich and powerful. He chose the 32 year old German Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, from a family almost ruined by the Napoleonic wars. With an income of £600 a year, Feodora would be too poor to visit her half-sister. With glee, Conroy writes: "her life would be unmarked by anything very splendid".
Luckily, Feodora seems to have been happy with her Ernest of Hohenlohe-Langenburg. While she assures Victoria that she wishes she could fly in at her window on her birthday like a little robin, she deadpans that her Ernest would miss her and that he was "rather tall and heavy for flying". She went on to have six children with Ernest – in six years!
Sibling Awkwardness
If you have some award moments with your siblings, just be relieved that you're not on different sides of European dynastic wars. Victoria and Feodora were at odds over the whole Franco-Prussian War and the Schleswig-Holstein affair. Awkward!
But when they were widowed within a year of each other, Victoria hoped that Feodora would come and live with her. Feodora visited in 1863, but couldn't put up with her sister's unrelenting grief. Victoria went on to mourn for 30 years! Not fun at family get-togethers.
There's no evidence that the Feodora in the TV series "Victoria" – ambitious, calculating- is true at all. Fun, certainly, not not at all how the sisters felt about each other.
Just look at the touching letter Feodora left for Victoria, to be read upon her death:
"I can never thank you enough for all you have done for me, for your great love and tender affection. These feelings cannot die; they must and will live on in my soul – till we meet again, never more to be separated -and you will not forget"
Happy National Sibling Day (April 10)!
Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion
By Helen Rappaport
Becoming Queen
By Kate Williams
The post Queen Victoria had a beautiful, clever teenage sister appeared first on Interesly.
A very trusted Madman and The Oxford English Dictionary
No one at the Oxford English Dictionary suspected that their most industrious contributor was a madman, a murderer, and an American. Presumably, in that order. In an early version of crowd sourcing, Oxford English Dictionary editor James Murray appealed in newspapers for readers who would report "as many quotations as you can for ordinary words". He preferred words that were "rare, obsolete, old-fashioned, new, peculiar or used in a peculiar way". These unknown...
No one at the Oxford English Dictionary suspected that their most industrious contributor was a madman, a murderer, and an American. Presumably, in that order.
Dr. W.C. Minor. Source
In an early version of crowd sourcing, Oxford English Dictionary editor James Murray appealed in newspapers for readers who would report "as many quotations as you can for ordinary words". He preferred words that were "rare, obsolete, old-fashioned, new, peculiar or used in a peculiar way".
These unknown volunteers were charged with the painstaking work of finding literary passages that could be slotted into the definitions.
Murray edited the Oxford English Dictionary from a corrugated iron outbuilding called the "Scriptorium" which was lined with wooden planks, book shelves, and 1,029 pigeon-holes for the quotation slips.
As definitions were collected, Murray discovered that one man, Dr. W. C. Minor, had submitted more than ten thousand – sometimes at a rate of over 100 a week.
Minor always signed his address in the same way: Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire. He was detained "in safe custody until Her Majesty's Pleasure be known."
This rather lovely phrase has a waft of tea and cucumber crumpets. In fact, it meant that Minor was locked up in Broadmoor asylum for the criminally insane. With no fixed release date.
He was to remain there for 38 years.
The Irish Problem
The Professor and The Madman Movie, with Mel Gibson and Sean Penn. Source
Minor was beset by twisted, terrifying dreams involving Irish people trying to kill him. And sometimes force him to go to brothels.
According to Simon Winchester, in "The Professor and The Madman":
"Men would then break into his rooms, place him in a flying machine, and take him to brothels in Constantinople, where he would be forced to perform acts of terrible lewdness with cheap women and small girls."
Minor's break down is often traced to a Civil War incident where, as a surgeon, he was forced to brand an Irish deserter on the cheek with a 1.5 inch letter "D".
The movie "The Professor and The Madman" based on the relationship between Minor and Murray also broke down on an Irish sticking point. Mel Gibson was unhappy that the Oxford scenes were actually shot in Trinity College, Dublin.
The Sean Penn and Mel Gibson's beard-off movie is probably now best known for Gibson and director Farhad Safinia basically disavowing it. The movie is credited to "P.B. Shemran", an W.C. Minor-like alias if there's ever been one.
In any case, Minor's behaviour became increasingly bizarre. While stationed on Governor's Island in New York Harbour, he began carousing nightly with prostitutes.
He was transferred to Florida, where he became increasingly paranoid—he would accuse his superior officers of plotting against him—and violent.
By 1868, even Army doctors had to diagnose him as "delusional," "suicidal" and "homicidal". Sinking deeper into paranoia, Minor shot and killed George Merritt, a stoker, believing he had broken into his room.
A Private Library
Murray in the Scriptorium at Banbury Road, before 1910. Source
Minor discovered the dictionary about 1881. He may have seen a mention of the project in the Athenaeum. A more poetic version is that the widow of the man he murdered, a regular visitor, delivered all unknowing a copy of Murray's famous Appeal for Readers.
Finding the slip of paper between 2 volumes, Minor may have read it and discovered the work that would, to some extent, redeem him.
He rented a SECOND cell in the asylum, basically turning his two cells into an substantial private library. Another inmate built him beautiful, teak bookshelves. His army pension and family money allowed him to buy expensive antique books from bookstores not only in England, but from America as well.
Minor certainly made an enormous contribution to the dictionary over the years. Murray said Minor's contributions were so great they
"could easily have illustrated the last four centuries [of words] from his quotations alone".
Self-Surgery
After 30 years in Broadmoor, Minor had been there longer than any other patient. A powerful sense of guilt about his youthful sexual escapades – and nightly torments, during which he claimed to have uncontrollable sexual relations with thousands of women – never abated.
Without fail, he barricaded his door every night, pushing his writing desk across it. Of course this didn't stop his imaginary abusers.
One evening in his quarters in Block 2, he tied a thread around the base of his penis, then with one swift motion of his pen-knife, amputated his penis. He flung it into the fireplace and watched the "evil flesh" burn.
Minor apparently recovered uneventfully, physically at least.
Scholarship in a padded cell
In 1915, a fictionalised account of a meeting between Minor and Murray appeared in Strand magazine, and took on a life of its own.
It described how, following Minor's failure to attend the Great Dictionary Dinner in 1897, Murray decided to visit Minor himself, to find out who this mysterious man was.
When shown into the study of Broadmoor's director he naturally assumed this man was the mysterious Minor. Only then did he find out that Minor was actually an inmate of the asylum.
The Pall Mall Gazette swooned: "No romance is equal to this wonderful story, of scholarship in a padded cell".
A very cinematic treatment of the story -one wonders if that's the version in ""The Professor and The Madman".
In truth, Murray's suspicions were aroused in the late 1880s, when a visitor from America thanked him for his kindness to the "poor Dr Minor".
Minor's troubled history was finally revealed, and Murray was nonplussed. While it was still till many years before he visited Broadmoor, (in 1891 not 1897), in the intervening years Murray wrote to Minor with sensitivity, never letting on that he knew about his mental illness.
In a case of truth being better than fiction, the real meeting was the start of a lasting friendship. Murray visited Minor at Broadmoor many times over 20 years and pulled strings to have him released to America in his final years – with the first half-dozen completed volumes of the dictionary.
The New York Times – "The Strange Case of the Madman with a Quote for every word"
The Nation – "A Minor Exception: On W.C. Minor and Noah Webster"
The Meaning of Everything: The Story of the Oxford English Dictionary By Simon Winchester
BBC – Broadmoor's Word Finder
The post A very trusted Madman and The Oxford English Dictionary appeared first on Interesly.
100 Year Old Weblog
The Bowery Boys: NYC History
God, History and You
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hublot has designed a unique limited-edition timepiece for the Collège du Léman to celebrate the partnership between the two prestigious establishments. Only 20 of the stunning bespoke watches have been made. But the partnership goes beyond the design, giving students at the elite international school access to a highly attractive area of expertise.
The Collège du Léman Big Bang is the latest chapter in a partnership that began with watch manufacturer Hublot installing a superb clock in the school's gymnasium and sponsoring its sports teams. The exclusive timepiece displays Hublot's core values of precision, outstanding quality and devotion to its craft. Only 20 of these bespoke watches have been made. Each one is engraved and numbered, has a diameter of 44 mm and features a steel case set off by a midnight blue ceramic bezel. The iconic royal blue of the dial was inspired by the serene waters of Lake Geneva.
But the partnership between Hublot and the Collège du Léman is about more than a stunning design. It is about strategy and expertise. For the Collège du Léman, with its multi-cultural student population, it is vital that its partners set an example. Pupils can learn a huge amount about strategy, values and ethics from watchmakers Hublot (LVMH Group) - and the brand's inspirational high-profile Ambassadors, which include Usain Bolt, Lang Lang, Chelsea FC and Ferrari, help cement the connection.
Collège du Léman Head "honoured"
For Thomas Schädler, the Director General of the Collège du Léman, the partnership with Hublot has a lot to offer: "Hublot has been the school's Official Timekeeper for over a year now. We're honoured to be associated with a firm we have so much in common with. With this initiative, we're not seeking to emphasize the aura of luxury often promoted by the watch industry, but Hublot's DNA as an innovative brand with a strong sports presence. We will be extending the partnership with a series of events over the course of the year."


Necklace of waxed pearls with a total length of 40 cm.
Length of adjusting chain is 5 cm.
Necklace has two rows of quality waxed pearls. The basis of these pearls is glass.
Colours in the mix might vary according to currectly available stock, photo is for illustration only.
Veți primi: 0 pachet(e) de 4 buc.
Preț: 7,57 RON / buc.
Preț: 2,68 RON / buc.


By shifting to the Edit mode, you will be able to copy a full list of ready-to-use category names.
Categories are a particular feature of Mediawiki. They appear in a bottom bar of any page. They are very useful to group and classify similar pages. The problem is that useful plants form a very large group, and categories consiting of thousands of elements would not be workable. This is why we propose to split the biggest categories in order to maintain a reasonable number of species.
We consider here as major all the species which are produced commercially and traded on long distances. Species only used locally are considered as minor.
There is no need to create subcategories called Other, because such pages will appear in a distinct place in the right category.
By using categories systematically, statistics can be obtained automatically about the number of species used in each group.
Comments are welcome, but changes will be difficult to implement when many species will be documented, as changes have to be done manually.
See also an introduction on Use groups.
Here are the base categories proposed for recognition in Pl@ntUse. The words in bold give the names of categories that should be put at the end of each species page if relevant. The categories are then automatically grouped to form higher categories. For example, Tropical fruit, major > Tropical fruit > Fruit > Fruits and nuts > Use groups, major > Use groups.
In order to facilitate the work as well of the reader as the contributor, please follow the order of categories.
The links are to the introduction page for each use group.
Cereals (including pseudo-cereals): Cereal, cultivated / Pseudo-cereal, cultivated / Cereal, wild / Pseudo-cereal, wild.
Pulses: Pulse, major / Pulse, minor.
Vegetables: Temperate vegetable, major / Temperate vegetable, minor / Temperate vegetable, wild / Tropical vegetable, major / Tropical vegetable, minor / Tropical vegetable, wild.
Fruits (including nuts): Temperate fruit, major / Temperate fruit, minor / Temperate fruit, wild / Tropical fruit, major / Tropical fruit, minor / Tropical fruit, wild / Nut, major / Nut, minor / Nut, wild.
Starches (other than cereals): Starch, major / Starch, minor.
Oil plants (in part, including fats): Food oil.
Dyes and tannins (in part): Food colorant / Tannin.
Spices and condiments: Spice, major / Spice, minor / Herb, major / Herb, minor.
Dyes and tannins (in part): Textile dye / Body dye / Tannin.
Technical plants (industry...): Cork / Soap.
Ornamentals (including hedge and wayside plants): Hedge / Ornamental tree / Pot plant / Cut flower / Foliage / Bulb / Garden plant, temperate / Garden plant, tropical.
Timbers (including bamboos used for construction): Temperate timber, major / Temperate timber, minor / Tropical timber, major / Tropical timber, minor / Bamboo.
Auxiliary plants (including shade and nurse trees, live supports, cover crops, mulches, green manures, fallow crops, live fences, windbreaks, erosion-controlling plants, land reclamation species, and water-cleaning agents): Auxiliary plant, Grafting, Green manure, Windbreak, Soil fixation.
Fuel plants (including plants used for the production of charcoal and as tinder): Fuel.
Medicinal plants (including poisonous plants used as pesticide, fish poison or dart poison, and narcotic plants): Human medicine, temperate major / Human medicine, temperate minor / Human medicine, tropical major / Human medicine, tropical minor / Veterinary medicine, temperate / Veterinary medicine, tropical / Fish poison / Arrow poison / Pesticide / Narcotic. (In the texts, it will be enough to say "Medicine" when speaking of "Human medicine").
Essential oils (including aromatic woods and plants producing camphor): Essential oil, Perfume.
Exudates (including plants producing latex, resin, balsam, gum, wax and aromatic resin): Latex / Resin / Gum / Wax /Aromatic resin.
Fibres (including rattans, and plants used for packing and thatching, as tying material, and for making paper, baskets, mats, wickerwork, wattle work and toothbrushes): Textile fibre / Basketry / Tying / Filling fibre / Paper / Toothbrush.
Forages (including feed for fish and insects such as silkworms): Forage, cultivated / Forage, wild major / Forage, wild minor / Fish feed / Insect feed.
Plants used for social, magic or religious purposes: Religion / Magics / Body ornament (including cosmetics) / Plant for playing.
Plants imbedded in culture (including art, literature, symbolism): Art / Literature / Symbol.
Novel industrial plants (in particular those giving a raw material for green chemistry): Novel plant.
Model plants for research, or as tool for plant breeding: Model plant.
Wild relatives of crops (the use of which is potential and indirect): CWR.
This page was last modified on 18 August 2015, at 17:31.


The Charlotte House Series connects aspiring musicians to the local community in homes throughout Kansas City, starting with one on Charlotte Street where it was founded. While aiming to provide a unique concert experience accessible to all audiences, the series cherishes a music tradition that has long been forgotten, that of a salon style in which music was often performed in small settings such as parlors or living rooms. Popular in Europe throughout much of the 19th century, the salon concert was a venue not only for musicians of the time to perform but for composers themselves to perform as well. Pieces performed in such spaces regularly featured a high degree of virtuosity and showmanship, but the intimate nature of these venues was also conducive to an elegance and nostalgia found in much of the other music of the era as well. The vision of the Charlotte House Series is to create meaningful experiences that are personal not only because we expect audience members to take away something that changed or moved them in some way, but because we will be personally grateful for the opportunity to have been part of such an experience.


Please do not post inappropriate comments, this is a friendly forum for fans.We are rarely afforded time or ample preparation for sports bombshells, but instead try to make do once they explode right before us. Daniella had a twin sister Taylor Faith, who sadly passed away after birth, it is because of her sister that Daniella uses her middle name Grace instead of her last name to honor her twin.
23-year-old Clippers forward Blake Griffin has been dating pretty Daniella Grace Almeida for a couple of months, she has been spotted at the Clippers games, we also saw them at Cabo, Mexico, no! Daniella studied at the Sanford Meisner Center in North Hollywood Cali and then enrolled at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in NYC.
You are probably wondering how a girl born in California, raised in a farm in Lake Tahoe has a last name like Almeida, that is because Daniella Grace is from a Brazilian, Portuguese and Italian heritage, she speaks Portuguese and Italian fluently.
If anything, the model is certainly well prepared for the immense media attention if this Wednesday night rendezvous indeed leads to a genuine romance.
As with anything, we react to the rumors with a healthy amount of skepticism.
Actually, let's pump the brakes for a second, because girlfriend is apparently not the best title for Brynn Cameron.
At most, we know that Brynn Cameron is the mother of Blake Griffin's child, and beyond that, there doesn't appear to be a whole lot more to this relationship.
He comes stumbling out with the lady all over him, realizes his mistake, tries to backtrack and let his boy take her out, but by then it is too late.
Blake Griffin was recently filmed coming out of a nightclub with an attractive lady.
People of the Internet, let me tell you that Kate Upton and Blake Griffin may in fact be dating.


Hardwood installation, floor tiling and wall tiling, bathroom renovations and remodeling, licensed plumbing and electrical services, painting services, additions and new construction.
Please feel free to make an estimate appointment since it's free of charge and takes not more than 15-30 minutes. Our estimation times are mornings before 10 am and evenings after 6 pm. Contact us to schedule the estimation.


text:
<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;

class CreateGravatarTable extends Migration {

	/**
	 * Run the migrations.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function up()
	{
		Schema::create('gravatar', function(Blueprint $table)
		{
			$table->integer('id', true);
			$table->string('image', 128);
		});
	}

	/**
	 * Reverse the migrations.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function down()
	{
		Schema::drop('gravatar');
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: bootstrap modal page on load issue I have an "awesome" bootstrap modal bug. When document ready, the bootrap modal window rendered (not showing), and I can not click any links in this area. After I launched the modal, the issue has been eliminated.
here an screenshot:
http://d.pr/i/LK4f
tip, idea?
cheers,
daniel

A: Quick tip: try to remove the style="top:10%!important"

A: I know this is long overdue, but I had the same "awesome bootstrap modal bug".
Adding display: none; to the .modal {} class sorted this one out for me.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We imagine its all hands on deck in the Royal households this week with Prince Harry and Meghan Markles wedding just around the corner, but theres one thing the Suit actress is said to be concerned about – her dad.
Meghans dad Thomas is due to meet the Royal family and the Queen this week before walking his daughter down the aisle. But insiders say Meghan, 36, has been left worried about her 73-year-old dad after it has been alleged he staged a series of shots with a photographer near his home in Mexico.
Last week pictures emerged of Thomas supposedly reading up about his daughter and Prince Harry in a Internet cafe. Its been claimed, since the photos were published, that Thomas has been "scammed" and "deeply embarrassed" by paparazzi in a bid for privacy.
Meghan and Harry are due to tie the knot at 12pm on Saturday 19 May in Windsor Castle. Its been announced via Kensington Palace that Thomas will walk his daughter down the aisle.
Harry and the royal family have not met Thomas since the pair began dating two years ago.
Meghans half-brother Thomas jnr has spoken about the staged photos saying: "He wont saying anything publicly but hell apologise sincerely to Meg and the Royal Family." But he also leapt to Thomass defence, claiming that the family have been under intense pressure since Meghan became engaged to Harry.
Thomas Jr said: "People are quick to judge but they have no idea how much scrutiny we live under.
"Ever since Megs relationship with Harry was made public two years ago we have lived our once normal lives under the spotlight every second. Nobody can understand what it is like opening your curtains in a morning and being watched by these paparazzi to going to bed at night and still seeing them there.
Lets hope this doesnt put a dampener on the big day.
The post Meghan Markle worried as Dad left deeply embarrassed before meeting The Queen and Royal Family appeared first on Woman Magazine.


In Part 1 and Part 2 of this article I will dive a little deeper into the background of Topology Optimization and attempt to give some insights into what controls we can exert on the process to improve the relevance to our design goals.
Figure 1 shows a typical topology optimization analysis, based on the geometry, materials and loading definition given in the GE/GRABCAD challenge, references 1 and 2, I hasten to add that my version is not a contender!
I do recommend trying the GE/GRABCAD challenge as your own benchmarking exercise. The specification, initial geometry and full set of 638(!) results are available at reference 1. Various assessment papers have also been written which critique the winning designs from structural and manufacturing perspectives.
Figure 1 (a) top, initial design space. 1(b) middle, initial analysis. 1(c) bottom, final analysis.
The basic idea behind topology optimization is to define a design space and then mesh that with a very regular array of elements. In some cases, this will be an arbitrary 3D or 2D space, in other cases, as shown in Figure 1(a), the mesh will follow an initial scheme. We will look at the implications of this distinction in Part 2. The boundary conditions and loading are defined as normal in an FEA solution and analysis starts with the full design space as shown in Figure 1(b). Material is progressively removed using a target volume reduction, until a final iteration, as shown in Figure 1(c). The final design is assumed to be optimized to a defined level of efficiency at that target volume.
Figure 2 shows schematically the general concept. Element(i) is a typical element within the design space.
An initial FEA of this component will give a distribution of internal stress and deflection. Topology optimization seeks to improve the efficiency of the configuration by removing material, based on these FEA responses. Intuitively, we could do the job manually by starting to remove material which had a very low stress level. This type of approach is called an Optimality Criteria method. It is based on a heuristic idea – something which looks like a good approach from an engineering point of view. A formal implementation is called Fully Stressed Design (FSD). It is easy to implement and computationally cheap. Unfortunately, FSD does not work so well with multiple load paths, as found in most typical structures. Attempting to set all regions of the structure to very high stresses is not a realistic goal. FSD is sometimes used in a mixed strategy in combination with more sophisticated optimization objectives, such as minimizing strain energy.
Minimizing the strain energy can also be described as minimizing the compliance. Compliance is defined as the distributed force times displacement summation. Anything that minimizes the displacement distribution will maximize stiffness. Minimizing strain energy, or maximizing stiffness, or minimizing compliance are very closely linked concepts. All these are a global targets or objectives in that they are applied to the overall structure.
So how do we remove material from the mesh? In an FEA analysis it is efficient to keep the mesh constant throughout a series of model configuration changes. The assembly of element stiffness matrices into a system stiffness matrix at each iteration is then just a scaling process on local element stiffness values. Elements aren't deleted, but instead scaled down toward a small stiffness limit. The stiffness terms don't quite go to 0.0, as this would give singularities.
Historically there have been two main approaches. The evolutionary methods (ESO and BESO) aim to provide a 'hard element kill' approach. This means element(i) is either present, with full stiffness, or effectively eliminated, with a very low stiffness. Alternatively, the penalty driven method (SIMP) is described as a 'soft kill' method, and allows a gradation of stiffness range between the full value and a very low value. There are other methods available, but I am going to focus on the SIMP method in this article.
The full title of the SIMP method is 'Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalization'. That is a bit of a mouthful, but we will attempt to break it down. The term 'Microstructure' is included in the title because early work looked at developing material systems which were porous; made up voids and material in various distributions. Using this approach anisotropic materials such as foams, lattices and composites could be defined. This work has evolved in many interesting directions, including microstructure forms for lattice-type structures in additive manufacturing. However, if the requirement is to work with conventional materials, then 'Solid Isotropic' representation is required.
As mentioned, stiffnesses will be allowed to vary throughout the mesh, between initial value and close to 0.0. The design variables are defined per element, not as the stiffness, but as a normalized value for density. The stiffness is assumed to be directly scaled by the density value. The term 'density' is a little confusing because the design variables are normalized values of between 1.0 and 0.0. So where does the 'Penalization' term come from? If a structure could develop any value of density between 1.0 (black) and 0.0 (white), we would get very large areas of 'gray' material. Gray areas are not physically meaningful for a solid isotropic material. We need to cluster distributions of density towards 1.0 representing the parent material, or 0.0 representing a void. The approach taken in SIMP is to penalize any density which is in the gray region. Figure 3 shows the penalty function used. The density is adjusted from its nominal value with a bias towards the extremes of 0.0 or 1.0. The order of the penalty function, P is often provided as a user control. Setting P higher than 1 will give more realistic structures with less gray. Somewhere between 2 and 4 is typically used – but it is worth experimenting to see the effect.
Inherently there will always be a blurred region of density, and hence stiffness, in the SIMP method. The method does not focus on traditional boundary region features, which develop stress concentrations. The structural and hence stress representation is not exact at a boundary. Local stresses should be viewed as a 'smeared' and averaged general indication. Similarly, the actual geometric boundary is not exactly defined. In part 2 of this article I will look at these implications for stress as both a constraint, and as an objective function – a possible alternative to compliance.
Figure 4 shows a series of models which have an increasing number of holes within them, running from one to 64. In each model the left-hand edge is fixed and the right-hand edge is loaded vertically, giving a shearing type response. The volume of material in each model remains the same at 65% of the volume without any holes. The resultant deflections are shown in figure 5.
It is interesting to notice that as more holes are included, the right-hand edge deflection reduces. A plot of deflection against number of holes would show a clear tendency to converge to a finite deflection value. This shows that, in the limit, we can get the stiffest possible structure at 65% of the volume by having a distribution of very tiny holes. In fact, the solution is telling us that we should be really using a foam made of the parent material! If we are trying to design a structure using isotropic material then this is clearly a nonsensical result. Figure 5 also shows that as the number of holes increases, the total perimeter is also increasing. We also see that the compliance is decreasing. The compliance is calculated as the applied force times the result resultant deflection. Compliance is one of the most popular measures of the efficiency of a structure in topology optimization.
Mesh dependency, with the tendency towards a high level of porosity, is one of the attributes of topology optimization that was discovered early on. For a specific optimization problem, given a target reduction in volume, the solution will depend on the element size within the mesh. A very fine mesh can drive towards a foam-like, 'filigree' or 'fibrous' configuration. The last two typically have many very thin strands of material. A coarse mesh will constrain the optimization to a chunkier type of material distribution. It is clearly unreasonable to allow the density of the mesh to control the configuration an optimizer will deliver.
Various remedies were developed very early on to reduce this effect. There are three fundamental approaches.
As we can see in figures 4 and 5, putting a limit on the perimeter to a value of 8.0, would limit the number of holes in our simple configuration to around 16. There are probably many different configurations of arbitrary shaped holes that could meet this target. But the target would clearly enforce a trend away from many small holes. One of the attractions of this method is that it is cheap to calculate and enforce this constraint in the optimization process. The main problem is that it is not physically meaningful as a parameter and is difficult to assign any kind of intuitive value to. A mathematical analogy is normally used which assesses the variation in density from each element to its set of neighbors. Figure 6 shows a simple schematic of this. Element 1 is being assessed by measuring the density jump, dp = p2-p1, to one of its neighbors, element 2. This density jump is weighted by the element edge length L. The summation of all dp * L is made for element 1. The same process continues throughout the mesh and all values are summed. A constraint is applied to this total value, hence suppressing the tendency for density change across elements. This does have the advantage of being a global constraint, but again it is difficult to come up with a good value and quite a few experimental runs are needed to assess the influence.
In this method, a physically meaningful length G, is defined as being a limit on the gradient of the density. The length G spans an arbitrary number of elements. Figure 7(a) shows the idea schematically. Because the maximum density is 1.0 and the minimum is 0.0, then the steepest gradient is shown acting over length G. This means we are forcing the material distribution to clump together over the distance 2G, as shown. Hence this gives an effective minimum member size. In practice because the penalty is applied to intermediate densities during iteration steps, the distribution will migrate to that shown in figure 7(b).
In practice, more sophisticated variations are used within the optimizers, as it would be expensive to apply the huge number of constraint equations that this implies. However, the basic principle remains.
These methods use the sensitivity of the optimization responses. As the density of an element is changed, then the global compliance will change slightly. This is the sensitivity that is being used. Each element in the mesh in turn becomes a target. A fixed distance r is defined around each target element, as shown in figure 8. From the target to the perimeter of the circle with radius r, all surrounding element sensitivities are forced to follow a linear decrease to a value of 0.0 at the perimeter. The effect of this is to eliminate any voids within the area or volume defined by r and to enforce a 'gray' type of distribution of decreasing density. However, because the overall optimization task is iterative, the penalty distribution method will rapidly migrate this distribution towards a sharper distinction between material and nonmaterial (density 1.0 and density 0.0 respectively). It will thus suppress fibrous or filigree type configurations with width less than 2r.
There is a tendency for elements to mesh together into a pattern which is similar to a checkerboard, as shown in figure 9. Alternating elements are connected only at the corner nodes, leaving voids between. For many types of elements this is a stable configuration which does not cause any problems with the FEA solution. It is of course a physically meaningless solution, but as in the case of the foam-like solutions seen earlier, it is numerically a relatively stiff solution. It is in fact stiffer than any equivalent 'sensible' material distribution. So, it will minimize compliance and be very attractive as a solution to the Optimizer!
Various ways have been developed to suppress this effect. The mesh dependency control methods described earlier will tend to minimize the checkerboarding effect. However, relying only on these controls would mean that thin member solutions would always be suppressed, unless the controlling distance was set very close to the element size. More specific, checkerboarding, controls look directly at the connectivity logic in a group or patch of elements. This is shown schematically in figure 10.
A patch of four elements can have one of four configurations as shown by patch (a) through patch (d) in Figure 10. A set of four sequences (1) through (4), moving between these elements are shown in the upper sketch. A pattern describes how the elements flip between non-zero density, (+1) and zero density (-1). The various patterns are shown to the right of the patch configurations. A monotonic sequence (colored red) is defined as one which stays constant, increases or decreases. An oscillating sequence (colored black) flips between positive and negative. All patches except patch (d) show at least one example of a monotonic pattern. So, each patch of elements within the mesh is searched for at least one monotonic sequence. If none are found, then there is a checkerboard patch present and this can be eliminated by smearing effective material over all four elements in the patch.
There are quite a few variations on this technique.
The basic numerical approach behind the SIMP method has been shown, together with provisions for mesh independency and checkerboarding. In part 2 we will look at the alternative objectives and constraints available. We will also see how manufacturing constraints are enforced, and derive some general guidelines for controlling topology optimization.


New Year's resolutions: Get your passwords shipshape.
Another trouble with passwords/passphrases may arise when they are not only the first but actually the only line of defense for your account security. When that barrier crumbles – commonly through a phishing attack or by attackers somehow working out your login details – an extra authentication factor that does not rely on 'something you know' may very well foil your adversaries.
The trouble with unused accounts is that each of them – even if only a vestige of your much younger self – is a potential source of danger. The service may suffer a breach exposing your password or may be sold to new owners whose intentions might not exactly be honest. Or, if miscreants take over your account, they might be able to use it to break into one of your highly valued accounts, be it by gathering private information about you, or through your failure to use a unique password for each account. Or they can just as well use it to spew out spam.
For 30 years, ESET® has been developing industry-leading IT security software and services for businesses and consumers worldwide. With solutions ranging from the endpoint and mobile security to encryption and two-factor authentication, ESET's high-performing, easy-to-use products give consumers and businesses the peace of mind to enjoy the full potential of their technology. ESET unobtrusively protects and monitors 24/7, updating defenses in real-time to keep users safe and businesses running without interruption. Evolving threats require an evolving IT security company. Backed by R&D centers worldwide, ESET becomes the first IT security company to earn 100 Virus Bulletin VB100 awards, identifying every single "in-the-wild" malware without interruption since 2003. For more information visit www.eset.com or follow us on Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter.
Newer When love becomes a nightmare: Scams on online dating sites and apps.


The junk or high yield bond markets in the U.S. have seen diverse returns so far in 2015. Municipal junk bonds are out performing both the senior loan and fixed rate corporate high yield segments of the market. While municipal bonds are being buffeted by Puerto Rico corporate bonds and loans are seeing more significant head winds.
Table 1: Select indices tracking below investment grade segments of the debt markets.
When looking a little deeper into ratings categories within these segments the municipal bond market has continued to shine. Starting with the investment grade BBB ratings category, municipal bonds have had a return of nearly 3.5% year-to-date while the large entities tracked in the S&P 500 BBB Investment Grade Corporate Bond Index has recorded a negative 0.46%. Moving into the below investment grade category of BB+ and below municipal bonds are still outpacing their corporate counterparts. The BB quality range is being impacted by energy bond issues, such as those from Chesapeake Energy, which are playing a big role in dragging down the corporate bond junk sector in 2015.
Table 2: Select indices representing specific ratings categories of the debt markets.


The Motel Miami Milan offers luxurious 4 star accommodation to the east of Milan just off the A1 motorway and just 5 minutes from Linate International Airport that is perfect for business travellers, travellers by car, and those visiting EXPO2015 and the Tennis. Each room is completely soundproofed and enjoys free Wi-Fi internet access, air conditioning and even a Jacuzzi. Our 6 suites are also equipped with a relaxing Sauna. Check out our Rooms and Location pages for more information. Once completely satisfied, use our online booking system to receive the lowest prices possible!!


The Great Culling of the human race already has begun. Covertly, insidiously, mercilessly, a global depopulation agenda has been launched.
It is being done through chemicals added to our drinking water, food, medicines, and the air we breathe - chemicals that have the known effect of reducing fertility and shortening lifespan.


text:
Aredioú är en ort i Cypern.   Den ligger i distriktet Eparchía Lefkosías, i den centrala delen av landet,  km sydväst om huvudstaden Nicosia. Aredioú ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är . Den ligger på ön Cypern.

Terrängen runt Aredioú är platt åt nordost, men åt sydväst är den kuperad. Terrängen runt Aredioú sluttar norrut. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Machairás,  meter över havet,  km söder om Aredioú. Trakten runt Aredioú är ganska tätbefolkad, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Latsia,  km öster om Aredioú. Trakten runt Aredioú är i huvudsak ett öppet busklandskap.

Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är december, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är augusti, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Källor

Orter i Eparchía Lefkosías

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Myn Transport Blog
a site about all sorts of transportation
Category: England
BEDFORD Trucks
Bedford Vehicles by Vauxhall
Bedford Vehicles
Sold and renamed
AWD Trucks
Trucks, buses,
car-derived vans
Vauxhall Motors
Bedford Vehicles, usually shortened to just Bedford, was a brand of vehicle produced by Vauxhall Motors, which was ultimately owned by General Motors (GM). Established in 1930 and constructing commercial vehicles, Bedford Vehicles was a leading international lorry brand, with substantial export sales of light, medium, and heavy lorries throughout the world. It was GM Europe's most profitable venture for several years.
Bedford's core heavy trucks business was divested by GM as AWD Ltd in 1987, whilst the Bedford brand continued to be used on light commercial vehicles and car-derived vans based on Vauxhall/Opel, Isuzu and Suzuki designs. The brand was retired in 1991; subsequent GM Europe light commercials were branded as either Vauxhall or Opel, depending on the market.
Until 1925, General Motors (GM) assembled trucks in Britain from parts manufactured at their Canadian works. This enabled them to import vehicles into Britain under Imperial Preference, which favoured products from the British Empire as far as import duties were concerned. Such trucks were marketed as "British Chevrolet".
In 1925, GM took ownership of Vauxhall Motors, production was transferred from Hendon to Luton, Vauxhall's headquarters, production commencing there in 1929.
Bedford ambulance
The AC and LQ models were produced at Luton from 1929 to 1931, and styled as the "Chevrolet Bedford", taking the name from the county town of Bedfordshire, in which Luton is located. The AC was bodied as a light van (12 cwt), and the LQ in a wide variety of roles, including a lorry, ambulance, van and bus versions. The name "Chevrolet" was dropped, and the first "Bedford" was produced in April 1931. This vehicle, a 2-ton lorry, was virtually indistinguishable from its LQ Chevrolet predecessor, apart from detail styling of the radiator, and was available as the WHG with a 10 feet 11 inches (3,330 mm) wheelbase, or as the WLG with a longer wheelbase of 13 feet 1 inch (3,990 mm). However, the Chevrolet LQ and AC continued in production alongside the new product for a further year. In August 1931, a bus chassis was added to the range, and was designated WHB and WLB.
A large part of Bedford's original success in breaking into the UK and British Empire markets lay in the overhead-valve (OHV) six-cylinder Chevrolet engine, now known as Chevrolet Stove Bolt 6 – well ahead of its time, this smooth running inline six-cylinder engine formed the basis of Bedford and Vauxhall petrol engines almost until the marque ceased building trucks and buses.
In April 1932, a 30 cwt lorry was introduced, together with a 12 cwt light delivery van, designated as the WS and VYC models respectively. Bedford continued to develop its share of the light transport market, with the introduction of the 8 cwt ASYC and ASXC vans, a close derivative of the Vauxhall Light Six car. The AS series of vans continued in production until 1939.
Bedford introduced the 3 ton WT series in November 1933. Again, a short wheelbase WHT (9 feet 3 inches (2,820 mm)), or long wheelbase WLG (13 feet 1 inch (3,990 mm)) version was offered. A change in design of the WLG produced the WTL, with its cab, internal combustion engine and radiator moved forward to allow a 14 feet (4.3 m) bodylength. In 1935, the WTB bus version appeared, and the WS and VYC models were updated – the latter being redesignated BYC as it was fitted with the engine and synchromesh gearbox of the Big Six Vauxhall cars. The 5–6 cwt HC light van was introduced in 1938, based on the Vauxhall Ten car, and the WT and WS acquired a newly styled grill.
Mid -1939 saw a complete revamp of Bedfords; with only the HC van continuing in production. The new range consisted of the K (30–40 cwt), MS and ML (2–3 ton), OS and OL (3–4 ton), OS/40 and OL/40 (5 ton) series, and the OB bus. Also on offer was a new 10–12 cwt van, the JC, derived from the new J Model Vauxhall car. Many of the trucks sold by Bedford between June and September 1939 were requisitioned for military use on the outbreak of the Second World War; many were abandoned after the retreat from Dunkirk, rendered useless to the enemy by removing the engine oil drain plug and running the engine. Because the German armed forces in 1940 were, contrary to their popular image, desperately short of motor transport, many of these captured Bedfords were repaired and pressed into service alongside Opel Blitz (also part of GM) trucks by the German armed forces – although the Bedfords mainly filled second-line roles, including civil defence.
Production of the new range ceased, apart from a few examples made for essential civilian duties, when Bedford went onto a war footing. Production resumed in 1945.
1945 Bedford QL Breakdown truck 2800 cc
The war-time Bedford QL, with the driver perched above the engine in a forward control cab, foreshadowed post-war truck designs.
In 1935, Bedford began the development of a 15 cwt truck for the British War Office. This entered service as the MW in 1939, and 65,995 examples had been built by the end of the Second World War in 1945. The MW appeared in a bewildering range of roles, as a water tanker, general duties truck, personnel carrier, petrol tanker, wireless truck and anti-aircraft gun tractor – among others.
The War Office designated 15 cwt vehicles, such as the MW, as trucks, and larger vehicles as lorries.
The 1939 K-, M-, and O-series lorries were quickly redesigned for military use. This was largely a matter of styling, involving a sloping bonnet with a flat front with headlights incorporated and a crash bar to protect the radiator in a minor collision. The military versions were designated OX and OY series, and again were put to a wide range of tasks, including mobile canteens, tankers, general purpose lorries, and a version with a Tasker semi-trailer used by the Royal Air Force to transport dismantled or damaged aircraft. This variant was popularly known as the "Queen Mary". A number of Bedford OXD 1.5 ton chassis were converted to make the Bedford OXA armoured vehicle. A total of 72,385 OY and 24,429 OX lorries were built. The Armadillo was an OY fitted for airfield defence with Lewis guns and an ex-aircraft COW 37 mm gun.
1945 Bedford OY series truck (probably OYD) 3519cc
Bedford supplied numerous trucks and tanks to the Soviet Union during the Second World War.
A radical departure from Bedford's design norms came in October 1939, with the development of a four-wheel drive, forward control lorry, which entered service in March 1941 as the QL, quickly nicknamed the "Queen Lizzie". As with the MW and OY / OX models, the QL went on to serve in a large number of roles, such as artillery tractor, gun porter, command vehicle, wireless lorry and petrol tanker, as well as the troop-carrying QLD, the most common variant. An experimental version used the track unit of a bren gun carrier, or Universal Carrier, as an answer to the German half-track vehicles, which had superior cross-country capability. Production ran at around 12,000 units per year between 1942 and 1944. Many QLs and other Bedford Second World War military vehicles served with the British Army, and other forces into the 1960s, and many others were purchased for civilian use after the war.
After the evacuation of Dunkirk in June 1940, the British Army had around 100 tanks, most of which were obsolete and inferior to the German tanks of the day. Vauxhall Motors was given one year to design and produce a suitable heavy tank. In May 1941, the Churchill tank went into production at Luton, some 5,640 units and 2,000 spare engines being produced at Luton, and other sites under contract to Vauxhall. The resultant need to continue truck production brought about the development of the new Bedford Dunstable plant, which came online in 1942.
For wartime production the OB was temporarily replaced by the "utility" OWB, with which Bedford became the only British manufacturer authorised to build single-deck buses during hostilities.
Apart from vehicle manufacture during the Second World War, Vauxhall Motors produced steel helmets, rocket bodies, and top-secret components for Frank Whittle's jet engine.
1950 Vauxhall Bedford PC Van
1959 Bedford CA 1595 cc
The HC 5–6 cwt van continued briefly after the war, and the JC 10–12 cwt was fitted with the column gear change; and engine from the Vauxhall L Model Wyvern in late 1948; and became the PC. 1952 saw the launch of the Bedford CA light commercial, a range of vans and pick-ups similar in concept and size to (although pre-dating) the Ford Transit of 1965. These were semi-forward control, having a short bonnet with the rear of the engine protruding into the cab. Engines were the Vauxhall-based 1,508 cubic centimetres (92.0 cu in) OHV in-line four petrol engine, with the option of a Perkins 4/99 or 4/108 diesel engine later on. Performance was adequate for the time, a maximum speed of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) being attainable with the petrol engine, and offering fuel economy of 25 miles per imperial gallon (11 L/100 km; 21 mpg‑US). The van initially featured a three-speed column gearchange, changing later on to a four-speed column change.
A Bedford RL
1954 Bedford S Type 3600cc Battlesbridge
The CA was a huge seller both at home and in various overseas markets. The standard panel van was available in short- and long-wheelbase forms, and was also sold as chassis cab / chassis cowl, and became a popular basis for ice-cream vans, ambulances and camper vans. Known affectionately as "the Tilley", the CA enjoyed a very long production span, with only minor tweaks throughout its life, including the replacement of the two piece windscreen of earlier models with a single sheet. Production ended in 1969.
The CA was replaced by
the CF, a completely unrelated vehicle using new overhead camshaft (OHC) engines, which was to have a much harder time proving itself thanks to the Ford Transit.
Perhaps the major event of the 1950s, was the transfer of all non-car based commercial vehicle manufacture to the former Vauxhall shadow factory at Boscombe Road, Dunstable. Bedford Dunstable plant, dating originally from 1942, was extensively rebuilt and extended between 1955 and 1957, when all production lines were said to be over a mile long. Subsequently, all commercial vehicle manufacture would be concentrated there, with only vans and car-based commercials remaining at the Luton plant. Production of the Bedford commercial vehicle range remained there until production ceased in the 1980s.
The 1950s also saw the launch of the popular S type trucks, the so-called Big Bedfords, which brought Bedford into the 7-ton range. The S series was immortalised in RL form – a four-wheel drive, high ground clearance version, as the "Green Goddess" emergency fire tender, used by the Auxiliary Fire Service until 1968, then until 2004 over 1,000 were held in reserve by the Home Office for use in the event of fire-service industrial action or other serious emergencies. They were disposed of by the Home Office in 2005. Several have found new homes in African countries that lack a developed fire-fighting service, such as Kenya. The C series of 1957 was a forward-control derivative of the S series, and outwardly very similar to it.
These vehicles were available in rigid and tractor units, with either petrol or diesel engines. The UK military were a huge customer for Bedford RLs using a 4.9-litre straight six petrol engine. Many RLs found their way into the armed forces of Commonwealth countries and later into civilian use.
Alongside the S series trucks, the SB bus was released in 1950, and immediately became a big seller in India, Pakistan, Australia, New Zealand and Africa, as well as in the UK. The SB chassis was also used as a basis for specialised vehicles, such as mobile libraries, fire engines, and civil defence control units. The largest fleet of SB buses in the world belonged to New Zealand Railways Road Services, with 1280 SB buses built between 1954 and 1981.
The Bedford TK range replaced the S type in 1959, but the RL continued in production until 1969, when it was replaced by the M type, which used the basic cab of the TK and the mechanicals of the RL with minimal changes.
The pre-war K, M and O types continued in production alongside the heavier S types until 1953. Vauxhall had already gone for a transatlantic styling with its E Model Wyvern and Velox saloons, and Bedford followed suit with its mid-range of trucks in 1953. Designated as the TA series, the new range were mechanically very similar to their predecessors, but featured a new Chevrolet-inspired cab. The 'T' designation meant "truck", so the range is generally referred to as the A series. Numbers 2, 3, 4 and 5; as in A2, etc., identified the weight rating. A factory-fitted Perkins diesel engine was an option. The TA (A) series was updated in 1957, and became the TJ, or J series.
1966 Bedford TJ tipper truck
The Bedford TJ normal control light truck was introduced in 1958, available with either petrol or diesel engines. Although never a big seller in the home market (with the exception of Post Office Telephones), it was a big export earner in developing countries, due to its basic layout and specification, and remained in production (for export markets only) until production of Bedford vehicles ceased.
The Bedford TK range was produced in large numbers since 1959, and served as the basis for a variety of derivatives including fire engines, military vehicles, horse-boxes, tippers, flat-bed trucks, and other specialist utility vehicles. A Post Office Telephones version used for installing telegraph poles was known as the Pole Erection Unit. The British Armed Forces still use four-wheel drive Bedford MKs – a variant of the TK.
Available with four and six-cylinder petrol and diesel engines, the TK was the quintessential light truck in the UK through most of the 1960s and 1970s, competing with the similar Ford D series. It was available in rigid form, and also as a light tractor unit, normally using the Scammel coupling form of trailer attachment.
The Bedford KM was a similar vehicle, using the same cab, but with a slightly restyled front end, and was marketed for heavier-duty applications than the TK, i.e. 16 tons and over. Many developing countries still use ageing Bedfords every day, their robust nature and simple engineering endearing them as highly useful vehicles in demanding terrain.
From 1961 to 1968, General Motors Argentina manufactured Bedford trucks and buses (based on a truck) in a plant at San Martin.
1967 Bedford SB mobile cinema
In 1967, a Bedford SB3 chassis with Plaxton's Panorama cab was used in the construction of seven custom mobile cinema units that toured British factories for the Ministry of Technology to "raise standards". The body was custom fabricated from extruded aluminium by Coventry Steel Caravans. One of these restored units is used as a vintage mobile cinema. The vehicle dubbed 'The Reel History Bus' was used in the Melvyn Bragg BBC TV series, Reel History of Britain showing little known or totally unseen archive film of historical events, to the surviving participants and their families on board. They showed their reaction and interviewed audience members about their often newly jogged memories of events. The Vintage Mobile Cinema has appeared on The One Show and George Clarke's Small Spaces, and continues to appear around the UK.
The smaller Bedford CF was less successful, competing directly with the market-dominating Ford Transit, although used by many of Britain's major utility companies, including British Telecom and British Gas plc. However, the CF was much less popular with fleet operators than the Transit, which was more popular with its drivers and seen as cheaper to operate and maintain. Part of the reason for the CF's relative unpopularity was the use of the slant 4 SOHC petrol engine from the FD and FE Vauxhall Victor – which was notoriously rough running, had high fuel consumption, and was susceptible to cam belt breakage. However, the CF became very popular as a base of special-bodied ice cream vans and mobile shops. The later CF2 used the more reliable Opel Ascona engine.
In Australia, the GM subsidiary of Holden began assembling the CF series with in-line six-cylinder engines borrowed from their passenger car range, in competition against Ford Australia's version of the Transit van which had been re-engineered to accommodate in-line six-cylinder engines from the antipodean Ford Falcon.
Bedford's smallest products, car-derived vans,
1968 Bedford HA Van, with the 1159cc engine were the Bedford HA van, which substantially outlived 1966 Vauxhall Viva HA 1057cc the Vauxhall Viva HA on which it was based, and 1978 Bedford Chevanne the Bedford Chevanne, a short-lived variant of the Vauxhall Chevette. An estate conversion of the HA van by Martin Walter was marketed as
the Bedford Beagle. This was further developed into a camper van, the Roma, again by Martin Walter.
The company also made a number of bus chassis, its low price catering for the cheaper end of the coach market.
The TK/KM/MK range remained the mainstay of production throughout the 1960s and '70s, but with little serious product investment the range became increasingly outdated. In 1982, the TL range was introduced almost completely replacing the TK, although its military equivalents continued in production for the UK Ministry of Defence. In reality a long overdue update of the TK, the TL was never as popular as the model range it succeeded. This was largely due to more modern products offered by other companies (increasingly from the likes of Volvo, MAN and Mercedes-Benz).
The Bedford TM was the largest of all the modern Bedfords, with payloads available up to 42 tonnes GTW permissible. The TM was available with either GM or Detroit Diesel engines and enjoyed a small but loyal customer base, but could never compete with the volume producers, primarily Volvo and Scania. Turkey's Genoto assembled Bedfords under license.
A major blow came when Bedford failed to win the UK Ministry of Defence contract to produce the standard 4–ton 4×4 GS (general service) truck for the British forces, although in extensive tests the Bedford candidate had been the equal of the Leyland (later Leyland-DAF) candidate, and the British Army expressed a preference to continue the trusted relationship with Bedford trucks.
The reasons for this decision were seen by many as political, as the Army 4–tonner contract was seen by the Thatcher government as essential for the long-term survival of Leyland, and the formation of Leyland-DAF. The implications of the decision were also noted by GM in Detroit, who had already been refused permission to buy the Land-Rover division of British Leyland, which they had intended to operate in tandem with the Bedford Truck division as a major force in the military and civilian 4×4 market.
In addition to this setback, by the middle of the decade, the more technologically advanced competition from other truck manufacturers was eating heavily into sales. In reality, the Bedford truck range, still largely based on the 1960 TK range, had become increasingly outdated when compared with the opposition, leading to a deep decline in non-military sales. It was therefore announced by GM that Bedford would stop production of all commercial vehicles, and the Dunstable plant would close in 1986.
From there on in, the Bedford name continued as "badge engineering" on smaller light commercials only, with the car based Astravan, the CF van (until 1986), and finally the Suzuki-based Bedford Rascal microvan and Isuzu based Bedford Midi van range – later to be called the Vauxhall Midi.
Isuzu and IBC
Bedford's first partnership with Isuzu came in 1976 when it marketed a rebadged version of the Isuzu Faster pickup truck as the Bedford KB. The vehicle was never a strong seller in Britain, (subsequent generations were badged as the Bedford/Vauxhall Brava), but it did pave the way for further collaboration – culminating in the IBC venture.
In 1986, the Bedford van factory in Luton was reorganised as a joint venture with Isuzu. The resulting company, IBC Vehicles (Isuzu Bedford Company Ltd), produced a locally built version of the Isuzu Fargo in 1985 (badged as the Bedford Midi). 1989 BEDFORD MIDI 1.9 VAN
In 1991, this was followed by a European version of the Isuzu MU Wizard called the Frontera, and a rebadged Renault Trafic van called the Arena, sold under the Vauxhall and Opel brand names. The Bedford name was dropped completely, as were all of its preceding range apart from the Midi, which was sold for a few years as the Bedford Seta.
1987 Bedford SETA
In 1998, GM bought Isuzu out of the IBC partnership. The plant now operates as GMM Luton, and produces the Vauxhall / Opel Vivaro, Renault Trafic and Nissan Primastar.
David John Bowes Brown and AWD
British Army vehicles at Croatia
AWD Bedford TM 6-6 (6×6) 14000 kg Truck
The Bedford trucks site in Dunstable and business was sold in 1987 to AWD Ltd, a company owned by David John Bowes Brown. The AWD name was used as GM would only allow the use of the Bedford name for military trucks. David John Bowes Brown was the designer in 1973 of the then DJB D250 Articulated Dump Truck, built in Peterlee, England, by DJB Engineering Ltd. DJB was renamed Artix in 1985 when the trucks were rebadged as Caterpillar. Artix itself was sold to Caterpillar in 1996.
AWD continued with the TL and TM range. The AWD Bedford TK (a rebadged and modernised version of the Bedford TK / MK range) was also produced and supplied to the British military. Due to cheaper competition and the virtual collapse of the UK market in which AWD competed in 1989/90, the company went into receivership in 1992 and was bought by dealer network Marshall of Cambridge.
An older version of the Bedford badge with Griffin logo
Bedford used the Griffin logo of Vauxhall Motors, derived from the heraldic crest of Falkes de Breauté, who was granted the Manor of Luton by King John. By marriage, he acquired property in London, known as Fulk's Hall, which over time, came to be the locality of Vauxhall, the original home of Vauxhall Motors. The griffin returned to Luton in 1903 when Vauxhall Motors moved there. The Bedford version of the logo differed from the Vauxhall version in that the Griffin did not hold a flag – although later versions of the logo showed the Griffin holding a flag carrying a letter "B" (for Bedford) instead of a "V".
List of products produced at Bedford / IBC Vehicles Luton:
Bedford models
Bedford TK
1970 Bedford VAL Duple Viceroy
Bedford VAL
Bedford J3 Truck Finalsilver1200
Bedford TJ J3
1985 CF series 2
Very approximately in size order
Bedford Rascal
Bedford HA (based on Vauxhall Viva)
Bedford Beagle (estate version of HA; see Vauxhall Viva, above)
Bedford Chevanne (based on Vauxhall Chevette)
1989 Bedford Astra 1.6 Van
Bedford Astra (based on Vauxhall Astra Mk 1 then Mk2 estate) 1988 Bedford Astramax 1.3 Van Bedford Astramax (high-cube version of Mk2 Astra shape) 1988 bedford midi 4×4 Bedford Midi
Bedford Brava
Bedford CA
Bedford CF and Opel Bedford Blitz
Bedford Dormobile
Bedford MW
Bedford WL. 27hp. Reg No RD 9049 Bedford W series Bedford K series 1948 Bedford MSD (LSU 544) dropside Bedford M series Bedford OLAD. Reg No DAP 17 Bedford O series 1955 Bedford A-Series 1-ton pickup (2800cc) Bedford A series
1950s Bedford D Series Crane Truck Bedford D series 1956 Bedford S truck Bedford S series
Finnish Bedford ML Ambulance
1952 Bedford MLC FFX458 Bedford ML (lorry and bus) Bedford OB Southern Vectis 216 Bedford OB (bus)
Bedford JJL bus Bedford JJL (bus) 1959 Bedford SB-181ECV Bedford SB (bus) Bedford VAS Plaxton Embassy coach ETC 760B Bedford VAS (bus)
Bedford RL Truck, 4 Wheel Drive, with a Ruxton-Bucyrus hole, or well, Drilling Rig Bedford RL 1971 Bedford TK Recovery Truck YRD 882K Bedford TK 1966 Bedford J1 Ambulance Bedford TJ – J0 (often referred to as JO) and J1-J6
1986 Bedford TL with the 5.4 litre 105TD turbodiesel engine, belonging to haulage contractors J.K. Sturge Ltd Bedford TL
Bedford R Model
Impossible to find !!
Bedford RK Bedford TK fire appliance Vintage Vehicles Shildon Bedford TK Bedford Mk, 4-ton class GS truck (MLC 10) Bedford MK 4×4 truck Bedford MK Bedford mj 2 truck
Bedford MJ 4×4 Drop Side Cargo
Bedford MJ 4×4 with Atlas crane 7 Atlas AK3000 crane with hydraulic outriggers Bedford MJ Bedford KM tankertruck 1967 Bedford KM tractor unit still active
Bedford KM
Bedford VAL (bus)
Bedford VAM / Hawke body at Nelson S I. March (c) G. Walker.
Bedford VAM (bus)
Bedford Y series (buses)(vertical mid-engine)
Eight metres
Bedford YMP Plaxton Paramount (C35F) – TIL 2878 Bedford YMP FLD447Y with Plaxton body YMP/S
Ten metres
KUN 497P – Bedford YRQ Plaxton Panorama Elite III – C45F – Boulton, Cardington Springetts Bedford YRQ -Duple Dominant. Jennings Coaches of Ashen ANO 634L YRQ OGB 380V Bedford YLQ Plaxton Supreme
Bedford YLQ Alexander (Belfast) X Type HLG 360T Bedford YLQ Plaxton Supreme YLQ Bedford YMQ-S, WNH51W, Lyntown Bus Co DBX 548W SEPT 1980 BEDFORD YMQ CLASSIC COACH WITH DUPLE DOMINANT IV BODY 43 YMQ 646 Bedford YMP-Marshall Ex A203 LCL Cypriot Bedford YMP TUU 786 YMP
Eleven metres
bus coach grant bedford yrt Edinburgh Corporation Transport preserved bus 121 Bedford YRT Alexander Y Type GSX 121N YRT Emsworth & District OLJ 192W Bedford YMT-Plaxton 1979 Staines Crusader Bedford YMT – Plaxton, EVW 988T YMT Bedford YNT Engine ad D866TFJ ex – Eastons of Norfolk Bedford YNT – Plaxton Paramount, E3 YNT
Twelve metres
1985 Bedford YNV Venturer Laser 2 C57F Demonstrator Enterprise & Silver Dawn 2202 E433 PFU Bedford YNV 'Venturer' Duple 320 MIL 6972 (E908 EAY) Bedford YNV Plaxton Paramount YNV Venturer 1976-77 Bedford TM 8V-71 Detroit Diesel UK Market Foldout Sales Brochure Bedford TM BEDFORD TM 4X4 TIPPER-4-20120823-094223 Bedford TM 4×4
Vauxhall models
(some also sold as Opels and other GM brands)
1996 Vauxhall Midi 2.4 Diesel (16115124668) Vauxhall Midi 1990–1993 Vauxhall Astramax 365 Vauxhall Astramax 1999 Vauxhall Brava DI 4×4 2.5 Vauxhall Brava 1993 Vauxhall Rascal Camper Conversion Vauxhall Rascal (a rebadged Bedford Rascal) 1999 Vauxhall Frontera Limited DTi Automatic 2.2 Vauxhall Frontera (a 4×4 SUV) 2012 Vauxhall Vivaro 2900 CDTi LWB facelift 2.0 Vauxhall Vivaro
Renault Trafic (platform-sharing version of Vauxhall and Opel Vivaro, also sold as Nissan Primastar)
Bedford bus sales totals 1931–1966
Normal seating
WHB 10 ft. 11in. 14 7/31 5/33 94 8 102
WLB 13 ft. 1in. 20 7/31 9/35 1431 464 1895
WTB 13 ft. 11in. 26 1/35 7/39 2556 664 3220
OB 14 ft. 6in. 26 8/39 10/39 52 21 73
OWB 14 ft. 6in. 32 1/42 9/45 3189 209 3398
OB 14 ft. 6in. 29 10/45 11/50 7200 5493 12693
SB 17 ft. 2in./18 ft. 33/41 10/50 14050 14727 28777*
VAS 13 ft. 8in. 29/30 8/61 698 454 1152*
VAL 17 ft. 8in. 49/52 8/62 776 128 904*
VAM 16 ft. 1in. 45 8/65
The SB, VAS, VAL and VAM sales figures are to June 1965. Later production is not included in these figures.
Bedford Six WLG 2.5-ton truck 1932
Bedford WLB bus 1932
Bedford WLG truck 1933
1933 Bedford two-ton Luton van
1959 Bedford SB with Duple body
1961 Bedford C with Duple body
Rare Bedford JJL early midibus
Bedford VAL twin steer coach
Bedford 4WD chassis cab with a chassis mounted drilling rig by Ruston-Bucyrus
1967 Bedford TJ J1
1974 Bedford KM recovery truck
1970 Bedford HA van
1978 Bedford HA van in BEA livery at Brooklands Museum, Weybridge
Bedford Blitz (German market name) / Bedford CF (UK designation)
Restored lorry
Bedford coach (1950s)
Pictures from my own collection I collected the last years from www:
Wolseley 4/50. Launched at the 1948 Motor Show as a variant of the Morris Oxford MO, the Wolseley 4/50 used a 4-cylinder 1476cc version of its sibling's 6-cylinder ohc engine
Bedford S (1956)
Bedford CA MkII Ice Cream Van. This is probably a conversion by Morrison Whitby


"Great Scott" this Fitzgerald bow tie is good looking! You could easily see the Great Gatsby donning this dashing bow tie in F Scott Fitzgerald's novel of the same name. In fact, we are releasing this bow tie in tribute to the famous writer who was born 120 years ago today! F. Scott Fitzgerald, named after a famous relative who wrote The Star-Spangled Banner, lies buried just a few miles down the road from The Bow Tie Club in Rockville Maryland. Happy Birthday Scott Fitzgerald and thank you for bringing the roaring 20's back to life in your brilliant novels!


text:
30° Partly Cloudy
Mostly sunny skies. High 54F. Winds SW at 10 to 15 mph..
By Sylvia Allen Editor
LAWRENCEVILLE – Richard Junior Fields, 48, from Rawlings, Virginia is charged with possession of a Schedule I, II Controlled Substance on Jan. 2, 2021 and operating a motor vehicle without a valid license, second or subsequent offense.
Captain Brad Evans with the Brunswick County Sheriff's Office said Deputy T. Harding was operating patrol on Old Stage Road and noticed a sedan with a temporary tag that showed an expiration date of Sept. 10, 2020. The vehicle made a right turn on Liberty Road and then turned on Twin Road and Harding conducted a traffic stop.
Fields was the operator who stated that he did not have a license on him at the time. Harding learned that Fields was a habitual offender. He conducted field sobriety tests. Fields stated that he was a user of cocaine. Fields passed the field sobriety tests.
Permission to search the vehicle was given. During the search Harding found 3 separate baggies of what appeared to be cocaine. The passenger stated he knew of the baggies but they were not his. Fields admitted the narcotics were his but said he was not selling it. Fields had a metal smoking device in his back pocket and alerted Harding of the device. Fields was placed under arrest for possession of cocaine and charged with driving revoked and for having expired registration and for tags not belonging to the vehicle. He was held on a $3,000 secured bond.
In other matters, Daneka Neshelle Robinson, 28, from Lawrenceville, Virginia is charged with driving under the influence of alcohol on Jan. 1, 2021 and for not having a valid operator's license, second or more offense.
Deputy A. W. Connell responded to a call of a suspicious person at 974 Rose Drive. While in the 1400 block of Rose Drive he met a car on his side of the road. He pulled off the road to avoid a wreck and initiated a traffic stop. Robinson was the driver. Connell smelled a strong odor of alcohol coming from her person and it appeared the passenger was passed out. While talking with Robinson he noticed that her eyes were glassy and her speech was slurred. She was given a field sobriety test and blew a 0.17% BAC. She was arrested and transported to the Meherrin River Regional Jail and began the 20 minute observation period. Another test was given and she blew a 0.20% BAC. Robinson said she knew she didn't need to drive which is why she took the back roads. Warrants were issued and she was held on no bond because she was already out on a $25,000 secured bond for a probation violation.
Karena Lashea Harris, 30, from Newport News, Virginia is charged with driving on a suspended/revoked license on Dec. 22, 2020.
Evans said at 3:36 p.m. Deputy A. W. Connell stopped a four door Nissan for not displaying any tags. Harris was the driver. She said she was suspended and further stated that she just got her car out of the impound lot at Steve's Car Care in Lawrenceville. The car did not have any tags, state inspection, or insurance. She was arrested and released on an unsecured bond. She was issued a summons for no insurance, no vehicle registration and no state inspection.
Tyler Gage Lanier, 27, from Hollister, N.C. is charged with shoplifting, concealment on Dec. 28, 2020, specifically merchandise from the Dollar General in Gasburg.
Deputy T. W. Lewis responded to the call and was informed the suspect was believed to be driving a black truck that was located in the parking lot of the Citizens Community Bank. The investigation showed that Lanier had taken 7 spray duster cans. He was placed under arrest for a failure to appear charge out of Southampton County. The surveillance tape was reviewed and provided to the sheriff's office. Lanier was charged with shoplifting in Brunswick County and held with no bond for the charge out of Southampton County.