We are proud of the Skin Culture Peel and its ability to beautify your skin. Below are some of the testimonials we have received over the past 80 years.
I've used your product for many years and I love it! I am a qualified Beauty Therapist and have never found any product that even comes close to the amazing results achieved with your treatment. I'm just taking the time during another peel to genuinely thank you. I am 42 and I know I look years younger because of the compliments I receive about my skin. You changed my life for the better. My experience has been so positive.
Please use my testimonial. It is my thoughts and outcome, genuine and without agenda.
I would just like to say I absolutely love love love your product! I have just finished the skin peel 3000, and I absolutely love the results I have been left with, and yearned for for years!! I have already been recommending your product to all my friends and family. It's nice to spread the word about a fantastic product that actually does what it says on the tin!! Thank you again from a very satisfied customer!
At first, my skin just felt fresher and cleaner, but now it feels so soft and I do not need to even wear makeup at the moment as it's so flawless and clear. It really does feel like the skin of a woman in her twenties and people have been remarking on how well I look.
I have just finished the Skin Culture 4000 peel and I am absolutely astounded by the results. I wish I had known about your product earlier. It took a total of 11 days and it revealed a soft creamy complexion, that I had yearned for. For many years I had horrible acne scars and the results made me cry with joy. I waited so long for a miracle to happen to my skin and you all have answered my prayers. Thank you for making this product available to us, I am going to tell all my family and friends about this.
Hi there, I came across your ad in a magazine when I was about 20. I have been using the Skin Culture Peels, all strengths Peel 1000 up to the Peel 4000 (I only use the Peel 4000 now) off and on for almost 30 years now. I am now using some of the aftercare products and have used them for the past couple of years. They are great as well.
I found the four part Skin Culture Rejuvenation Guide to be quite informative. I have always used your chemical peels and only your product and would not even consider using anything else because I know first hand how safe it is and how well it works. The price is great too.
For those who have not tried your chemical peel this guide should definitely help them make an informative decision. Give it a try. Take it from someone who has used this product for many, many years. You won't be sorry. I will be 50 this year and people think I look about 30 to 34 years of age. It doesn't get any better than that.
Just a quick e-mail to thank you for your instructions and for the advice you have given me over the phone when I was worried about the peel. There isn't any feedback page on your website so I thought I'll just e-mail you to say that the peel worked really well and that I am really pleased with the result! I will definitely recommend you and will buy from you in the near future again! Thanks again!
I am being so honest. Skin Culture peel has really gotten rid of my dark spots from my acne and cleared up my bumps.
There is nothing else that has worked for me besides this. I love it and I will continue to use it and it's after care products. My first peel was a level 3000 and I got wonderful results from that. Then I went to the big level 4000...And wow! It has removed ages of black marks and acne from my face. I feel Flawless!!! It is definitely a self esteem booster. I hated my face before while I was in school. The black/brown spots used to be so visible in the sun especially. I have finally found something that works for me and I love It!!!
I want to say just how astounded I am by your peel 4000. I have suffered for years with mild acne scarring and have been really depressed with it. I have tried everything and spent thousands on products. As a last resort I tried your skin peel and am amazed by the results, I was actually speachless! Thanks to your products I no longer need to hide away and have so much more confidence. I hope acne sufferers find your website just to make them as happy as me. THANK YOU SOOO MUCH!!!!! I will tell everyone I know about your products.
I just completed the Peel 3000 6-day process. So far, my skin is looking very nice and smooth. I'm still peeling around the forehead and edges of my cheeks. I continue to use the normalizer cream as specified.
The melasma on my cheeks seems to have lightened a lot as well as the hyper-pigmentation spot below the corner of my bottom lip, which came off 50% after only the first day! The other half has lightened up significantly.
I want to say that I am extremely excited at the wonderful results I have received so far and look forward to enhancing those results by using the Aftercare Products. Thank you!
Absolutely delighted with the peel, I feel 10 years younger. It's my first day back in work today after doing the Peel last week and I have had so many comments from my friends at work, it has made me feel amazing.
'Hello, I started off with Skin Culture 1000, then I moved on to the 4000 formula. I have dermal melasma on my upper lip and already I see the difference. I've had this problem for two years and nothing else has worked, but this product is a God send!!
I just had to write to you and tell you what a truly wonderful product you have. I am ready to turn 55 and have been using different chemical peels for about 2 years with ok results. But then I heard about your product and purchased the Peel 4000 and it took me about 7 short days to turn my skin back over 10 years. I am really not kidding. I was getting those little lines around your mouth that make you look angry and had uneven skin tone and generally wanted to give myself brighter smoother skin but never did I imagine that the results would be this amazing. Everyone has noticed and I mean really noticed! My friends wanted to know what I did and I almost wanted to keep this to myself but didn't. The lines are almost totally gone around my mouth and it looks and feels so soft. I used to be in the sun a lot and this product just took all those years of abuse off with just some mild discomfort. I am even proud to go in the sun with no makeup (sunscreen of course).
I just wanted to thank you so much for having a product that actually lives up to what is advertised. I am a member of your Skin Culture Club and since money is extremely tight for me I will have to wait until you have another SC Club exclusive discount so I can do another one just for a few minimal touch ups only I can really see with a 10X mirror! Thank you so very, very much!
I am writing to thank you very much for the clear skin I have all due to your Peel 4000. I previously have tried all sorts of lotions and potions to get rid of my acne scarring. I also even went as far as going to Harley Street, but to no avail. Then I accidentally stumbled across an advert for your product and immediately ordered it. Within one week I have the clear skin I have always wanted. I will recommend it to everyone who is seeking a clear complexion. "
I just want to let you know that I have suffered from adult acne and dark pigmentation for over 10 years. After giving your Peel 4000 treatment a try recently, my skin has been dramatically transformed from dull and uneven to younger, clearer, and glowing! I literally could not believe how your peel has totally changed my skin almost overnight (just 6 days to be exact). It's absolutely a bonafide miracle! The results of using your amazing product have given me so much confidence and happiness. I can't wait to start using your Aftercare Beauty Kit. Thank you so much!
I completed the Peel 4000 treatment yesterday and have started with the aftercare beauty products today. My skin looks fresh and radiant. almost glowing in fact! As your staff had predicted, the acne scarring around my cheeks has improved tremendously! I can't wait another month to go another round and get rid of the last remnants of the acne scarring for good. Thank you so much!
I first used a peel two years ago with great results. After letting my face get out of hand again, I decided to come back and buy again. I found the peeling process to be even easier now than it was two years ago. I used your Peel 2000 and to no one's surprise, I got fantastic results again!
This time I made sure to get one of the Aftercare Beauty Kits you offer to maintain my results. And guess what, your products far surpass any of the other major brands on the market like L'Oreal and Avon! I absolutely love them!
Firstly, I would like to express my gratitude for your Peel 4000 treatment. I have used it three times this year (my skin was that bad) and my skin is finally looking the way I want it to. I am usually famous for wearing too much makeup, however, now everyone comments on how fresh and well my skin looks. I'm absolutely thrilled with the results! This is the first time in years that I have felt confident enough to go without makeup, and it has made a world of difference to my self-esteem.
Secondly, I just want to say that I just love your Aftercare Beauty Products. They don't break me out and keep my skin looking great. Thanks for everything!
I wanted to thank you very much for your Peel 4000 product. I have used it twice and I am very happy with the results! I have had acne for many years, but since turning 33 and having a few children, I had developed more severe scarring on my face. Prior to finding your site, I had used many products and even went to get professional peels, but found them to be very painful and extremely ineffective.
I truly am so grateful that this is available to people like myself that have suffered from the embarrassing scars left by acne. I have a close friend that has severe damage from acne and has since used your Peel 4000. She is so happy with her personal results that she has also started telling others people about your products. Thank you so much for making me feel more confident about myself. You have no idea how your products have truly changed my life.
I don't think words can describe how much the Peel 4000 has worked for me. I am filled with so much happiness because of your products. I just finished the 6-day process and the acne scarring has almost completely disappeared! WOW, this is unbelievable! I am going to spread the word of your website because I know your products can help others to feel the way I do. I just can't thank you enough. THANK YOU!
I would like to congratulate you for the results I received having completed the Peel 3000 treatment. As a new customer, I found a considerable change in the texture, composition, and feel of my face. I am utterly pleased with the results, as I have less conspicuous scars, no acne/spots, and much softer skin. Thank you for all of your help!
I just had to drop you a line. I recently ordered and completed one of your Peel 3000 treatments. I have had phenomenal results and I absolutely love it! I have known about your products for sometime now, but I was not able to buy it until recently because I am on a very tight budget. I just wanted to let you know the money I spent was more than worth it and I think your products are wonderful! Thank you!
I felt I must write after completing your Peel 2000 treatment this week to congratulate and thank you for your product, and the noticeable results it has had on my skin. Ever since I was a teenager, I have suffered from oily, spot-prone skin - including scars of which still remain today. Even at the age of 25, my skin would still often look tired and blotchy, and I purchased your products hoping to alleviate this.
Although I was initially hesitant about trying your products - uncertain they would have any effect - I write today in total amazement with the results of one of your lightest peeling treatments. After just 6 days, my skin is now much clearer and oil-free, with an even texture and smoothness friends and family have definitely noticed! I look forward to achieving even better results in the near future with one of your stronger peels!
I just wanted to let you know that I am absolutely amazed at how clear my skin looks. Every time I look in the mirror, I can't believe the texture of my skin - it seems like I am wearing foundation and powder on my face even though my skin is completely bare!
I almost emailed you during the process, as I must say I did not know how it was going to turn out. I had no idea I would have such phenomenal results after only 7 days! :-) I am getting married in a month and a half and I am sure your Aftercare Beauty Kit products are going to keep my skin looking as good as it is now. Thank you again! Your products are really something wonderful!
"About the Skin Culture peel: I am extremely pleased with the results. I would actually say it has taken five years off the appearance of my skin. I followed instructions to the letter. I had been apprehensive as Kerry Ross, writing in the Daily Mail, had stated it was quite painful. It was uncomfortable for about fifteen minutes and then fine. The end results are great and I would certainly use it again.
"I am writing about your peeling product which I have used. When I used it I did a spot peel. and I noticed a very good result with spots clearing and smoother skin. I am happy with the results and its is continuing to work days after the treatment. If anything I know that I will gladly use you in the future."
"I would like to thank you very much for your product. I've tried everything. I've tried medications. I've tried fading creams. But nothing works like your product. Your product gave me skin I always wanted. My skin is now cleared, and I owe it all to you."
"I thought I would write a few lines as I have brought your products now for 6 months. I've tried Skin Culture #4 (Peel 4000) and your Peel 2000 and have just used another Peel 4000. I've liked all the products and this last Peel 4000 has peeled very well. I would like to thank you for these products as there is no one else in this country who has bothered to help the likes of myself and others with problems with their skin."
"I have just finished my treatment and my skin is firmer, smoother and clearer. I followed your instructions and it works. My compliments on your products which I love and all the best. Please send me your colour brochure as I gave mine to a friend. "
"Please send me another order form of your Peel Facial System, Glycolic Cleanser, Glycolic Facial Lotion, Hydra Gel. I would love to continue using your products for the perfection of my skin, so that everybody I meet can ask me 'How did you get such magnificent skin'. So please send a new order form! I would love to keep my skin wonderful always with continuos use of your products."
"I have used this product a few times when I lived in Britain & I know for a fact that it works. I can't wait to receive the order and have beautiful skin again!!"
I have recently completed a Peel 4000. I found the instructions clear and easy to follow and it was very useful to be able to ring directly for advice. I am very pleased with the result and for the first time in a long time I can talk to people and feel confident about my skin. I have already received compliments and only someone who has suffered from skin problems will understand how good that feels and what a difference your product has made. I will use your product again soon and will also recommend it to others.
"Dear Andrew, You have been amazingly helpful. I appreciate the supportive environment you have provided for my at home peel. Much better than the company I dealt with first time around."
"I think next time I will try the 4000 peel. It did remove some brown spots and did a wonderful job of closing pores. I was very pleased with that, as I have tried every face treatment around I think."
"Hi, I've just finished using the Peel 3000 and I have been very impressed with the results. I will be purchasing the Peel 4000 shortly as I am really keen to go a bit deeper and also will be purchasing the aftercare products as I didn't buy that with the Peel 3000, as I wasn't sure how it would all turn out, and I'm pleased that I'm pleasantly surprised with the results!
What I like the most is that the bags under my eyes have almost just gone and so have my laughter lines and the wrinkle I had on my forehead is diminished. Years of using gadgets to try and remove them and they wouldn't budge and now they've gone in a week! Awesome! I'm 36, didn't look old but had that tired look about me for a while.
I'm glad it's worked so well and I'm glad to be able to share my day to day progress with readers around the world! Best wishes,"
I tried out the Aftercare Beauty Kit last nite and it really is great. My peel ended last weekend and my own normal moisturisers etc didn't do much for my skin, but using the Aftercare Beauty Kit and my skin looks and feels exactly as it did straight after the peel. I don't know how they do it - but I'm glad it works. Normally I'd be hesistant to use any products like that as I always buy them and after using once they sit on the shelf for months and I never use them again as they're either too greasy or pore clogging. But with the Aftercare Beauty Kit, my skin feels wonderful and it looks great and in just one usage!!
"After using the Skin Culture Peel I had a consultation with a plastic surgeon today about the remaining scars, and he said that my skin responded so well to the Peel 3000, that I really didn't need any further treatment! He asked for your website, because he was interested in your products. I think I will only do one more peel, just on the scars and I will be done. Thank you so much,"
Your products are very, very good and I've been telling all my friends about it. I now use your aftercare products and would recommend them to everyone. As for the skin peel it will now be part of my yearly regime. It may sound a bit patronising, but the pictures on your web site don't come close to showing how your skin looks and feels after the treatment. Extremely happy person!
I finally did the peel. I did the 3 layer one (Peel 3000) and I loved the results. I also bought the Aftercare Kit and I have to say I am so impressed I want to do it again. How long do I have to wait?
My dermatologist told me not to do the peel, but she was very wrong. She said it could cause permanent discoloration of my skin. So I'm glad I took the risk.....it solved all the problems I was having with my skin and I am very stoked with the results.
I would be honored if you used my testimonial, as I believe I was your most skeptical customer of all. I asked around, did research and even took the peel and instructions to my dermatologist and waited an entire year to actually do it!
Oh yeah, my mom is also interested and she has the most beautiful skin for her age. She is also very weary of skin products but I've got her interested also!!!!
Results from the Skin Culture Peel differs from individual to individual and no claims and promises are being made or implied about the average, typical or expected results of the skin peel. The results described on our Testimonial and Client Review pages, and elsewhere on this site, are the individual experiences and personal opinions of those who have purchased the Skin Culture Peel. Skin Culture does not claim these stories, opinions and results described represent the typical result that someone who uses the skin peel can generally expect to achieve.


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Home Entertainment Television THE MANDALORIAN is the talk of Celebration today, with new details revealed
THE MANDALORIAN is the talk of Celebration today, with new details revealed
Star Wars Celebration has basically dominated all cross-media talk this weekend, with Friday's huge trailer drop for Episode IX: The Rise of Skywalker, and then yesterday's panel for EA's Star Wars: Jedi Fallen Order, one of the bigger game releases of Q4, and now we turn back to Disney+ which made headlines earlier this week with its content and pricing reveal. Furthering that hype, Celebration played host to The Mandalorian's panel, the streaming series written and showrun by Jon Favreau. The first live-action Star Wars television series takes place five years after the fall of the Empire and before the emergence of the First Order and follows a lone gun-fighter in the Boba/Jango Fett mold.
Basically, for those who've thought those two guys have always looked pretty cool but rarely have added up to much in live-action, this is the series for you! It also looks to be leaning heavily into the franchise's Western and Samurai film roots.
At the panel, there wasn't a lot of detail revealed, but it was confirmed that Pedro Pascal would be playing the title role, and he's joined by Gina Carano, Carl Weathers, Giancarlo Esposito, Nick Nolte, Emily Swallow, Omid Abtahi, Werner Herzog, and Taika Waititi.
A few castmembers took the stage today, alongside Favreau, LucasFilm head Kathleen Kennedy, and Dave Filoni (who is directing the first episode); of them, Carano shared that her character, Kara Dune is "a bit of a loner and having a bit of trouble reintegrating (herself) back into society", while Weathers plays Greef Karga, who runs a group of bounty hunters and comes across The Mandalorian.
The series will feature an interesting slate of directors at the outset, including Filoni, Waititi, Rick Famuyiwa, Bryce Dallas Howard, and Deborah Chow.
The Mandalorian will debut on Disney+ on November 12, 2019. At the panel, footage was debuted, but was not made available for public viewing. Instead check out the photos below for a taste of what's to come.
Check out these brand-new photos for #TheMandalorian, as debuted in today's panel at #StarWarsCelebration! #DisneyPlus pic.twitter.com/D3kJVQpr4L
— Star Wars (@starwars) April 14, 2019
Previous articleSW CELEBRATION: When Order 66 Ends FALLEN ORDER Begins in EA's Latest Star Wars Game
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There will be no Arrowverse crossover in 2021 due to COVID-19
Kaleb 04/14/2019 7:03 pm At 7:03 pm
And if running some bounty hunters doesn't work out for Carl Weathers' character, he can open up Mikey's licensed inter-galactic boxing gym. Start telling people they're a 'bum', or that their profession is 'a waste of life'. Finally, the dialogue will be worked in, 'there aint gonna be no other fight'. All things I'd like to see.
Kaleb 04/14/2019 11:26 pm At 11:26 pm
Good lord! I blasphemed. It should have read Mick's intergalactic gym, not Mikey's (how did that happen, cos I'm very fond of Rocky, and Burgess Meredith in it).
To go over my same lame-mashing in an overworked fashion: 'You're a two-credit lay-breaker for Jabba the Hutt. It's a waste of life!'.
Kyle Pinion 04/15/2019 9:06 am At 9:06 am
Whoa, whoa, whoa, Kaleb. There's still plenty of meat on that bone. Now you take this home, throw it in a pot, add some broth, a potato. Baby, you've got a stew going.
George 04/15/2019 5:34 pm At 5:34 pm
WERNER HERZOG is in the cast? I might actually watch this.
EXCLUSIVE PREVIEW: The madness and mayhem continue in the SPACE BASTARDS...
EXCLUSIVE PREVIEW: The hunt for Lancelot continues in ONCE & FUTURE...
Jane Foster rides again with THE MIGHTY VALKYRIES this April

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With a bit of wood and a knife, let's get to work!
Accompanied by Claude Veuillet , our woodwork specialist, they will learn how to use this ancient tool and have the pleasure of whittling away to carve a wooden spatula with the smell of freshly cut hazel branches!
Thursday 18 and 25 April 2019, from 10AM to 12:00AM or from 2PM to 4PM.


I just had a crash due to hitting a dog. My carbon fiber frame now has chip the size of a dime at the junction of the seat stay and drop out on the drive side. Should I be concerned about frame failure now or in the future?
Anytime you are in a crash I think you need to be worried about damage to the frame and future frame failure. Unfortunately it's very difficult for a lay person to inspect and evaluate damage to a carbon frame. For this reason I would suggest that you take the frame to a reputable bike shop and have it inspected there.
You should also remember that carbon fiber absorbs water, so the chip in your paint/gel coat get should be fixed ASAP, as water damage can cause a corrosion cell to form and the frame to fail.
Assuming the frame passes the inspection of the bike shop, you can touch up the damage with clear coat touch-up paint, or some people have used clear fingernail polish.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged frames failure or ask your own question.
Protecting carbon bike frame after a small chip?
How do I check my steel frame for water ingress, and minimise the risk of rust?


Steve McManaman is the epitome of soccer's modern generation. In full flow, he has balance, skill and cheek that make cynical men drool; in life he enjoys pop-star trappings.
But today, he feels used. He realizes he has been a pawn in a transfer triangle that flew him from Liverpool to Barcelona and back, during which time he may never have been more than a backstop in case Barcelona failed to sign the man it really wanted — Brazil's Rivaldo.
On Monday morning, McManaman, valued at $20 million, will be back on familiar ground, training with Liverpool. Rivaldo, less of a star but undeniably more of a goal scorer, has departed Deportivo la Coruna for a $25 million fee and an annual $3 million salary.
All else is open to interpretation. The intrigues of soccer trading would seldom pass a truth test, but this tripartite affair plumbs new depths.
A week ago, life was routine to McManaman. He believed himself to be Liverpool's mainspring and says he never wanted more than to perform for the club where he served his apprenticeship. His personal adviser happens to manage The Spice Girls, and McManaman writes a column in The Times of London.
Happiness was such an uncomplicated thing. A phone call changed that. He was told Liverpool's board had accepted Barcelona's millions and, surprised that his club would even contemplate that, he journeyed to Barcelona last Friday with two advisers.
There he sat, and sat, and sat. McManaman's agent told the media that if Barcelona was willing to pay $20 million to Liverpool it could afford $20 million to McManaman over six seasons. Nobody from Barca called even to say hello.
"My adviser spoke to Joan Gaspart, Barcelona's vice president, on a mobile telephone, and that was only a brief conversation," McManaman later stated. "Gaspart seemed to be elsewhere negotiating with another player. I think it is ridiculous — and actionable — to suggest the deal fell through because I am greedy."
Barcelona, however, encouraged the suggestion. The club had sent Bobby Robson, an Englishman deposed as coach last spring and a man instantly recognizable at any English soccer field, to scout McManaman, while it also negotiated with coveting Denilson of Sao Paulo, and Rivaldo of Coruna.
Rivaldo has a sweet left foot, which will give Barcelona balance. He scored 21 goals in Spain last season. He joins two other Brazilians, all of whom speak Spanish, at Nou Camp.
The goals speak for themselves. McManaman has never scored for England and in 289 Liverpool games has hit only 42 goals. He often controls the tempo but without finishing his chances. His wispy physical appearance belies strength of character, and every romantic among us has thrilled to his guile. Though Macmanaman bridles at the notion, he has been central to Liverpool's "underachievement."
Team manager Roy Evans uttered that assessment after successive seasons.
Evans said that McManaman shone because the team was set up for him. McManaman, so refreshing in the joy he displays, appears not to read the signals.
Evans is busy recasting Liverpool's team. He let John Barnes, who supplied McManaman, go to Newcastle United for free. He paid $6.7 million to bring the forceful Paul Ince back from Italy, $6 million to buy another dynamic midfielder — Oyvind Leonhardsen of Norway — and $2.9 million for Karl-Heinz Riedle, the German whose headers won the Champions' Cup for Borussia Dortmund.
Simply giving the ball to McManaman is a dated concept. Opponents knew that if you stopped McManaman, you stopped Liverpool.
Coach Evans, under pressure to deliver, can afford no sentimentality. He is buying in steel, eschewing fantasy. McManaman was once so indispensible that he had to play, fit or not.
That is over. There is a price that, sooner or later, somebody will pay. Meanwhile, he is a player in Liverpool's pool and, meanwhile, $20 million is the same sum Liverpool is spending on an academy, a training school for the new McManamans.
He has, indeed, been used. Outstanding among Englishmen, he nevertheless finds that the freedom given to players after the Bosman ruling does not stop the manipulation by the big clubs in transfer trading.


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CA WATER NEWS FROM AROUND THE WEB
OTHER NEWS ITEMS
NOTEBOOK NEWS FEATURES
Science on the Notebook
Speeches and profiles
WEEKLY NEWS FEATURES
Blog Round-Up
Delta science
CA WATER 101
CALIFORNIA'S WATER SYSTEMS
BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO THE DELTA
UNDERSTANDING THE DELTA IN 63 PHOTOS
DELTA & STATEWIDE PLANNING PROCESSES
GUIDE TO CA WATER RIGHTS
WATER MANAGEMENT TOOLBOX
MORE RELIABLE WATER SUPPLIES FOR CALIFORNIA
STORM AND FLOOD MGT RESOURCES ON THE WEB
WATER AND HYDROLOGY RESOURCES ON THE WEB
MAPS AND DIAGRAMS
MEETING: Delta Watermaster breaks down water use in the Delta, addresses implementation of reduced reliance on the Delta
October 28, 2020 394
FEATURE: How dynamic are property rights in water?
WATER QUALITY: A basic primer on water quality regulation
September 9, 2020 603
ACWA CONFERENCE: Adapting to Flood, Fire, and Drought: A Case Study of the American River
GSA SUMMIT: Addressing environment, disadvantaged communities, and domestic wells in the 2022 Groundwater Sustainability Plans
DAM REMOVAL UPDATE: Klamath Dams, Matilija Dam, and the Potter Valley Project
August 12, 2020 1782
STATE OF THE ESTUARY: Microplastics Everywhere: Understanding Microplastics in the Bay and Recommended Actions
TRENDING ...
DAILY DIGEST, 1/20: Pattern change to bring rain, snow to West; CA households owe $1 billion in water-bill debt; Madera farmers set to test groundwater market; Tsunami at Lake Tahoe? Researcher says it could happen again; and more …
DAILY DIGEST, 1/21: Weather relief in store into late-January; Will Kamala Harris champion water justice for CA?; Reclamation releases water reliability in the West report; At dawn of Biden administration, opportunities for water systems; and more …
DELTA ISB: Water Supply Reliability Estimation: an overview
DAILY DIGEST, 1/19: Westlands weighs options to fill vacancy on board of directors; The ongoing collapse of the world's aquifers; State Water Board to consider winery regs tomorrow; A 'forever chemical' surprise awaits Biden's EPA; and more …
STATE WATER BOARD: Results from the 2019 Volumetric Annual Report of Wastewater and Recycled Water in California
Notebook Funders
Water runoff on the South Fork American River in El Dorado County near US Highway 50. Photo taken May 3, 2016. John Chacon / California Department of Water Resources
IN THIS POST ...
The Water Forum Agreement: 20 years of stewardship
Meeting the challenges
Challenges on the horizon
The American River Basin Study
Projected climate impacts
Planning for adaptation
Flood management in the American River watershed
Building a resilient flood management system
Forest restoration and resiliency
Types of forest treatments
Implementation costs
Question: You had mentioned that we need resilience to resonate with our public in order to achieve the necessary investments. Do you have any recommendations for natural resource managers to achieve this goal? What can we be doing?
Question: Is it important to engage NGOs, and how do you do that?
Question: If you could receive a grant that's unlimited for one thing, what would it be?
The Governor's Water Resilience Portfolio Initiative underscores the need for communities to maintain and diversify water supplies and to protect and enhance natural environments to prepare for the impacts of climate change. At ACWA's virtual conference held in July of 2020, a panel comprised of agencies described the experience of the American River region in evaluating climate impacts on their watershed in a new cutting-edge study and the comprehensive suite of projects designed to address increasing threats from more frequent and intense floods, fires, and droughts.
Seated on the panel:
Tom Gohring, Executive Director of the Water Forum;
Tony Firenzi, director of Strategic Affairs with the Placer County Water Agency,
Ellie Alano, Forest supervisor for the Tahoe National Forest, and
Gary Bardini, Director of Planning for the Sacramento Area Flood Control District.
Located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River, the greater Sacramento area is home to 2 million people. The American River Parkway receives more visitors than Yosemite National Park on an annual basis.
There are numerous state, federal, and local agencies that manage water or engage in the management of water in the region. There are nearly 20 water agencies that serve potable water, the Bureau of Reclamation manages Folsom Reservoir, the US Forest Service has substantial resource management responsibilities in the upper watershed, as well as other smaller agencies, including GSAs, flood control districts, and wastewater agencies. The Water Forum is the agreement and the institution where all of these agencies along with NGOs and other interested stakeholders come together to collaborate on solutions.
"Our work within the region has improved the environment, but now we are turning our attention to climate change and how we can preserve water supplies while protecting the environment," said Jim Peifer, Executive Director of the Regional Water Authority and the Sacramento Groundwater Authority. "We appreciate the Governor's leadership and the Administration's work on the Water Resilience Portfolio. We believe a watershed approach to managing water fits nicely within the administration's draft recommendations, but now the hard work begins for all of us."
"Our panel members will discuss the initiatives that their agencies are undertaking to prepare for climate change that when taken together, comprise a portfolio of interlocking pieces," he continued. "We think that our efforts have statewide benefit. Our story is a case study, but we understand that all watersheds are unique. We hope that our experiences that we share today will be useful for other watersheds in adapting to climate change and the increased floods, fires, and droughts that are predicted to come with it. The impacts are scary, but I'm very optimistic that our institutions, relationships, and programs will allow us to adapt."
Tom Gohring, Executive Director of the Water Forum, began with the background on the Water Forum. In the 1990s, it was recognized that there were critical challenges for water resources in the Sacramento area: there was the need for water to keep the economy growing as well as the water needed for a healthy ecosystem.
"We were growing houses back then, and we had projections that showed that water use was going to continue to go upwards," Mr. Gohring said. "We also had incredible evidence that showed that our fisheries were in danger, not just steelhead but fall run chinook salmon as well in the Lower American River, and so interested parties came together in the region in the early 1990s and they began a negotiation process."
The participants included business interests, environmental NGOs, public agencies, and water agencies, and the negotiation was about using water for people or using water for fish.
"This brought together people who view water resources in a very different way," he said. "Water agencies and some of the other public agencies view water as a resource that is important for human beings and for economic growth. They view their mission as extracting that resource, either from the surface water system or the groundwater system, and making it available to their customers in a way that provides a healthy supply at the lowest possible cost. Other folks who came to the table were environmental advocates and they view water as a natural resource, something that has inherent value remaining in the stream, so those folks came together and looked for a way to meet their common objectives rather than fighting over those two missions."
By the year 2000, those folks had created and signed The Water Forum Agreement which was dedicated to the co-equal objectives of a reliable water supply through the year 2030 and protecting the ecological and aesthetic resources of the American River. The agreement included the seven elements listed on the bottom of the slide that they have been slowly and steadily been implementing over the last 20 years.
Mr. Gohring presented a graph showing the projected water demand as it was understood back in 1998. "We were thinking that our surface water demand would approximately double between the year 2000 and the year 2020. In reality, what we saw is that water demand did rise for a while, but now it is actually reduced because of the effects of the drought and the economy, but largely due to the effects of aggressive water conservation on the part of this region, water conservation being one of the elements of the Water Forum Agreement."
Under the Water Forum Agreement, they've seen a turnaround in groundwater conditions. "The graph shows that prior to the Water Forum Agreement, grou ndwater levels in some parts of our region were dropping as much as a foot a year, but because of actions by Water Forum agencies that are described in the Water Forum Agreement, we've not only leveled off that overdraft but we've recovered it as well."
They have also made investments of about $24 million on ecosystem restoration on the Lower American River. Mr. Gorhing said that about half of that is from local agency contributions and they were able to leverage a little more than half of that through grants from the state and federal government.
Mr. Gohring noted there are challenges that remain. They have a flow standard for the American River that they have been working on to move into some durable form. They are hoping that the Folsom Dam temperature control device will be upgraded in the near future. It is expected that the salmon habitat restoration activities basically will continue for the foreseeable future.
"There's sort of a forever contribution that we need to continue to make in the Lower American River," he said.
The region is working hard to comply with SGMA, and Mr. Gohring noted that groundwater management is covered in the Water Forum Agreement, but SGMA has raised the bar. They continue to work on drought resiliency as the recent multiyear drought was a bit of an eye-opener for many ratepayers and stakeholders, and it has renewed efforts to create backup water supplies. They are really working to infuse adaptation to climate change into ongoing planning efforts.
Mr. Gohring then closed with comments about the Water Forum collaboration. "We continue to have very active participation from local environmental groups, water agencies, and other public agencies. We sometimes don't agree on every issue, but I have observed them channel each other and speak each other's point of view in a way to try and meet each other's objectives, and I think it's a really gratifying thing for this region. I am hopeful that this kind of collaboration will continue."
Tony Firenzi, Director of Strategic Affairs for the Placer County Water Agency, then gave a presentation on the findings of the American River Basin Study.
A basin study is a type of study sponsored by the Bureau of Reclamation that evaluates climate change effects for watersheds in the Western US. The basin study looks at the effects of climate change on water supplies and where the gaps are in water supply versus demand. The intended outcome of a basin study is to quantify impacts and then identify strategies and projects for adaptation. These studies utilize global-scale climate models and localized watershed modeling to quantify results.
The Bureau of Reclamation was the federal sponsor of the study; participating local agencies included the Regional Water Authority, Placer County Water Agency, El Dorado County, and the cities of Folsom, Roseville, and Sacramento.
Basin studies are conducted at the watershed level. There was a previous basin study completed for the entire Central Valley, and so this effort builds upon that work in the American River watershed. Specifically, they wanted to expand the Cal SIM modeling to include all the complexities of reservoir operations in the American River watershed.
The watershed has two groundwater subbasins. Folsom Reservoir is located on the American River and has a capacity of just under 1 MAF. There are three branches of the American River that feed into Folsom Reservoir and upstream storage amounts to about 800,000 acre-feet. Historically, Mr. Firenzi said the watershed experiences about 1 MAF of snowpack and runoff into Folsom Reservoir is nominally about 2.6 MAF.
In the watershed, there are more than 20 water agencies serving just over 2 million people; water use is about 250,000 acre-feet from both surface and groundwater sources. The Lower American River below Folsom Reservoir is home to both fall run chinook salmon and steelhead.
The slide shows the projections for warming by the end of century will be anywhere from 4 to 7 degrees. Three scenarios were analyzed: a warm-wet scenario, a hot-dry scenario, and one in the middle called the central tendency. The graphic shows a slight gradation of temperature warming as the elevation increases. Mr. Firenzi said that the reason for that is the loss of snowpack results in a loss of reflection of radiation, so it gets a bit warmer up in the mountains.
"We've already begun experiencing some of this warming, but the additional warming will be experienced either in our lives or perhaps our kids' lives," said Mr. Firenzi. "It's very near."
The image on the left is the snowpack in February 2018 and on the right is the snowpack in February 2019. The arrow on the right image is pointing to Folsom Reservoir.
"The point of this illustration is to demonstrate our reliance on snowpack for so many things – for water supply, flood control, and the environment," said Mr. Firenzi. "It's critical to us. What does the study say about snowpack? Remember I said we had about 1 MAF of snowpack in any given year. We expect to go down to as little as 250,000 MAF up to 500,000 MAF of snowpack. As a percent of precipitation, right now snowpack represents about 20% of total annual precipitation. That percentage is expected to go down to 5%."
Mr. Firenzi next presented a slide showing runoff into Folsom Reservoir historically and then mid-century and end of century.
"On the right, total runoff at any given year, you don't see a huge effect," he said. "We don't expect a real significant decline in total annual runoff; we just simply expect that precipitation to fall as rain instead of snow and occur more in the winter instead of the spring. You can imagine what that does to reservoir operations."
He pointed out that inflow peaks right now at late spring and early summer, but the peak of inflows will start to occur earlier in the season, so there will be lost storage in the snow that has implications for flood operations, water supply, and the environmental uses.
"So the effects of this lost snowpack are not trivial," he said. "It would really be a failure of planning and adaptive management to just accept operating at these extremes, like we did in 2015. It was very reactive. We need to be more proactive. If we operate in these extremes without adaptation, the damage to our environment will be very significant as well as the damage to public trust in us as water managers. It's hard to quantify that but I think as water managers, we're expected to do something about this."
So they are planning for adaptation, looking at adaptive strategies and projects that will help fill that gap in water supply versus demand, and not just in the areas that they serve, but holistically throughout the entire watershed. They have a portfolio of ideas and projects that include projects such as forest management, reservoir operations, flow and temperature regimes, and projects that will take reliance off of the Lower American River below Folsom Reservoir which is very sensitive habitat and shift future diversions over to the Sacramento River where there isn't such an effect on sensitive species.
One of the key projects is a water bank, which is a conjunctive use program that takes water supplies when available and stores them. It's estimated there is about 1.8 MAF of available storage in the region's groundwater basins which provides ample room for storing water that can be removed when water is needed for consumptive needs and/or for environmental needs. They are now analyzing these projects quantitatively in the basin study but there will be more studies that follow.
Mr. Firenzi then ended his portion by talking about the importance of public outreach. There's a common narrative with climate change with the public that looks to do good things like solar panels and electric vehicles.
"Those are good things we need to be doing that," he said. "But unfortunately, minimizing a few degrees of climate change is simply not going to be enough for water and for the environment, and so we need to develop our own narrative as water managers. Our narrative needs to be one of resilience so when we talk to our neighbors and ask them about what climate change means to water and the aquatic environment, we need those people to say, 'my water agency is investing in resilience.' I believe we need our public body to understand what resilience means if we are going to gain their favor in investing in climate change resilience, and so that to me is the most critical point of my presentation."
For more on the American River Basin Study, click here.
Gary Bardini, Director of Planning for the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency (SAFCA), then discussed the flood management aspects of the watershed. The Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency has been implementing projects for the last 30 years and will continue to do so now and into the future, he said.
Over the last 20 years, the Sacramento Flood Control Agency, the Army Corps of Engineers, and the state of California has invested about $2 billion for flood management in the region. A number of these projects include improvements to the levee systems in the areas along the Sacramento River and the American River. More notably is the recently completed spillway project at Folsom Lake, a joint federal project that cost $1 billion; completing the project makes using Forecast Informed Operations possible to manage the flood control operations of the reservoir based on five-day advance forecasts, which is one of the elements that will really improve regional flood management in the region, he said.
Currently, SAFCA has nine major projects occurring under a number of authorizations with the Corps of Engineers, including improvements to levees in the Natomas area and improvements at Folsom Dam including raising the dam by 2 and a half feet, improving the existing spillways, and improving temperature management. SAFCA is also working on the American River to improve the ability to pass high flows, as well as along the Sacramento. They are also working to widen the Sacramento Weir and bypass into the Yolo Bypass.
"The sum total of these projects over the next decade which are currently in implementation will be over $2 billion," said Mr. Bardini. "So the Sacramento Flood Control Agency over the next ten years and looking over the last 40 years is going to be looking at investing about $4 billion into the region to deal with the flood risk of a river city."
He then presented a chart showing Sacramento's flood protection as compared to other river cities, noting that the city still sits just under 100-year flood protection in a number of areas and the projects underway are looking to boost the city to a 300 year level of protection.
"With the climate uncertainty, we at the city, the county, and the region are trying to achieve similar higher level protection to deal with climate uncertainty and the risky consequence of flooding a major metropolitan area," he said. "So SAFCA is not only looking at making improvements today, but continue to make improvements to achieve at least about a 500 year level of protection."
One of the fundamentals of a flood control project and more importantly, integrated water management, is resiliency, he said. "The state of California has picked up on the resiliency necessity to basically address not only the public safety and public interest, but also the environment and the resiliency of our economy."
There are four measurable qualities of resiliency: making systems robust and redundant, having the ability to be resourceful in operations, and the ability to recover from a natural disaster, he said. These are really significant and have to be managed together as a system to provide resiliency, so with that, SAFCA has been looking at increasing resiliency by being robust and redundant.
In the American River watershed, average runoff is just under 3 MAF per year, but the three-day volume is the most significant risk to the community of Sacramento, which in wet years, is estimated to be just under 2 MAF, so that means 70% of the annual runoff coming in just three days.
"There's the need for not only making the system better along the main stem and Folsom reservoir system but SAFCA is looking for improving the management in the upper reservoirs, better forecast operation, furthering from five day to seven day forecasting, and then having more redundancy downstream in the bypass system away from the major urban metropolitan areas," Mr. Bardini said.
He presented a slide showing the plan for reaching 500-year flood protection in the American River. SAFCA is currently working with the Army Corps of Engineers to increase storage at Folsom Lake and improve the channel capacity in the American River. Those improvements would allow a release of at least 1 MAF in a three day period through the channel at 160,000 cfs and increase storage up to about 500,000 AF. They would also like to build additional more storage upstream as well.
"What we saw is that the past is not indicative of the future and we recognize that the opportunity to have high intensity storms, 500 year events may be more often and change in duration, and we have to be prepared to address this," said Mr. Bardini.
From a watershed perspective, SAFCA is promoting and working in cooperation with a number of agencies for a number of upstream improvements at Hell Hole, Union Valley, and French Meadows, working with forest practices in the upper watershed and looking at how to improve reservoir operations and inflow forecasting. They have a number of efforts underway with modifications at Folsom Dam.
"We'd love to see that we could integrate these with much better system management where we can promote better active water resource management, not only just for the environment, but also looking at how we can improve groundwater management in the region, and connecting all of these into what we call a broader Flood MAR type of concept would help the resiliency of the watershed," he said.
The Department of Water Resources has laid out the fundamental framework for developing a multi-benefit project, so Mr. Bardini took thirteen of the items and put them into three major groups.
"There are many of those that are needed in the flood institutional management and a number of those that are necessary in the water institutional management; then you have to bring them all together in a broader regional watershed perspective with institutional agreements and management to finally provide for a truly integrated watershed. These efforts have to be navigated to promote the higher levels of system protection that is needed. Without these types of arrangements, you can't achieve some of the objectives we just outlined for flood control in the region."
With that concept in mind, SAFCA working with the Bureau of Reclamation took the initiative to look at the potential water reliability and flood control benefits would be if they were to link upstream watershed reservoirs, Folsom operations with the raise, and groundwater banking in the south American River Basin. They looked at the additional flexibility in raising Folsom Dam, going to 7-day or 10-day forecasts, pre-release strategies in the operations of Folsom South Canal, and looking at opportunities in rural areas for groundwater recharge, both active or in-lieu.
The slide shows the opportunities to do recharge in the south basin. "We feel that there are opportunities to provide at least an additional 250,000 AF of potential water supply benefit and reliability in the region for any number of purposes just by linking these efforts," said Mr. Bardini.
"So in summary, better regional cooperation is a requirement under a broader watershed strategy that looks at everything from a broader system and within that system, the ultimate aspect of the objective among all the parties is working together is to provide not only for the public safety and flood protection that the region is looking for, but also to promote the environment in the region and the resource management and look at the water reliability and other facets that promote for a stable economics of the region," he said.
"All these things with agencies working together is what's necessary to bring it from the levels that we're at and the resiliency we currently have in the region to get to a much higher resiliency. The state administration is promoting it as well. We're looking to partner with the state and federal agencies to continue to work to a much higher level resiliency for the Sacramento region."
Eli Ilano is the Forest Supervisor for the Tahoe National Forest. He began by noting that the mission of the US Forest Service is to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the nation's forests and grasslands to meet the needs of present and future generations.
There are 156 national forests across the country, 18 of which are in California. Nationally, that's about 193 million acres that are managed for a variety of purposes. The Tahoe National Forest encompasses 1.2 million acres surrounding Lake Tahoe and nestled in between Sacramento and Reno.
Highway 80 runs right through the middle of the Tahoe National Forest, and there are communities on both sides.
"We have a lot going on both in serving the Sacramento and San Francisco areas of California, but also the Reno area, so water from the Tahoe National Forest serves both of those places," said Mr. Ilano. "There's about 2.5 MAF of water that flows from the Tahoe for residential and industrial use in those communities."
Under a natural regime, forests like the Tahoe in the Sierra Nevada are called fire-adapted ecosystems in which frequent fires would naturally have occurred. Most of those fires would have been small to moderate-sized, primarily burning the understories of the forests and creating a lot of openings in the forest. As communities and human settlements moved into forested areas, along came infrastructure, housing, businesses, roads, and waterways, and the country wanted all of those natural fires suppressed to protect that human development.
"So we are sort of about 150 years of pretty serious fire suppression, and what that has resulted in some forests being at risk based on a number of factors," he said. "When that frequent low to moderate fire did not occur, we have ended up with greater ground material as in the upper left photo. Also we start to encounter competition for the water resources, sun resources, and the nutrients in the soil, and that can lead to mortality when you have too many trees competing for those resources, so in the upper right picture you see some tree mortality that occurred due to the drought a few years ago. In the lower left corner you see a picture of overly dense forest at the ground level, and you can see that it's so thick that if a fire were to enter there, all those trees would be at risk."
Climate change is projected to impact the forest in many ways, said Mr. Ilano. There are temperature increases expected which we are already experiencing. Precipitation is likely to change; the level of precipitation is a little bit uncertain but there will likely be more extremely wet and more extremely dry years. Snowpack is expected to decline; all the models are showing at least a 20% decline, and even up to 90% in some portions of the state.
And larger, more severe wildfires. The map shows the moderate to high wildfire potential across the state; the darker the red, the higher potential for wildfire. Across the Sierra Nevada, we're seeing much higher potential for severe wildfire, he said.
Mr. Ilano then showed some pictures from the American Fire which occurred in the Middle Fork of the American River watershed in 2014. The fire burned very hot and there was a very, very high mortality rate in various parts of the fire area. He said that it's very hard to recover to a more natural functioning ecosystem after an event like this; the soils are rendered unproductive, there are large amounts of standing dead trees, and the erosion potential is great.
There were similar impacts after the Kings Fire, which was in the South Fork of the American River watershed, costing the Placer County Water Agency millions of dollars to remove sediment from the drainage facilities as a result of that fire.
To address this on the Tahoe National Forest, they have identified high priority watersheds shown in yellow on the map where they are focusing resources, time, and energy which include the North Fork and portions of the Middle Fork of the American River.
The areas that are hash tagged on the map below are areas where they are either actively working on projects or planning projects, such as the French Meadows project which is where they are working with the Placer County Water Agency, Placer County, the Nature Conservancy, and other partners to complete a 26,000-acre forest health and restoration project.
Mechanical thinning: Using large pieces of machinery, trees and ground materials are removed. The pictures are a before and after of the French Meadows Reservoir; it's thinning out some of the trees so it's not quite as dense, Mr. Ilano said. "Those remaining trees are going to be healthier and they are going to have a greater chance of survival. Also were a fire to go through here, we'd have a much greater chance of containing it and controlling that fire."
Hand thinning: Crews use hand tools and chain saws, remove selected trees, ground fuels, and brush, either piling them or removing them as they go along.
Prescribed fire: The use of prescribed fire is another important tool. The picture shows a prescribed fire underway; Mr. Ilano pointed out that the fire is on the ground and not in the canopy of the trees; it's creating a lot of smoke, but that smoke is very temporary. "This is a long term important strategy to maintain these forests and to reintroduce that natural maintenance tool of fire but in a controlled way in order to keep the fire danger low and to keep the natural ecosystem functioning properly."
Land acquisition: Land acquisition is another tool that is used to protect these watersheds. "A couple of years ago, working with a number of partners, we acquired the very headwaters, the very top of 3300 acres of the Middle Fork of the American River watershed. It was added to the Granite Chief Wilderness, so the very headwaters of the Middle Fork of the American River are protected from development and other things that might adversely impact the water quality in the forest."
Mr. Ilano presented a slide showing the costs of the Yuba Project in the Yuba River watershed. "In this particular project, the implementation costs were about $5 million, but the actual value of the timber coming off of the land was about $1 million, so we all had to find $4 million of other funding to implement that project," said Mr. Ilano. "For this particular project, it was a combination of state grants, the Yuba Water Agency contributed, the federal government contributed, some nonprofits contributed, and that's how we have to work in order to complete these projects because of their expense."
"I think to answer that, I want to give a few brief examples of public engagement and then talk about what that means moving forward," said Tony Firenzi. "The Regional Water Authority conducted a 2016 public focus group where they engaged business and local government influencers in topics of water management. They asked them questions, just trying to determine if they are giving the right narrative, do people understand what they were saying? It was kind of a poll but a little bit deeper dive than a typical poll. I was inspired to find out in that event that those kind of people, they understood what conjunctive use is – even the word water bank was understood by some, and what they also understood was that these were tools for dealing with stressed water systems in the future. That is a polling of what I would call engaged, informed people but they weren't water managers. It was inspiring to know that they knew what we were talking about here."
"More recently, in reaching out to more of the norms of society, polling this spring, even in light of a pandemic has shown that people are really interested in investing in climate resiliency. Polling for the proposed climate resiliency bond had very favorable results over 60% so I think people get it. They understand the problem."
"But what we need is for people to also understand the solution. I'm not quite sure that our public body is there yet, and I think in order for them to understand the solution, you have to make them part of the solution," continued Mr. Firenzi. "There are people investing personally in solar panels and electric vehicles and that kind of thing. Well unfortunately, we all can't have our own local water bank or conjunctive use program on our residential lot, so we need to find a means of people feeling they are investing in these solutions personally by investing through us as water management industry. To answer the question, it's a bottom up approach. We need to work with our public body and engage them."
"A resounding yes," said Tom Gohring. "It was important 20 years ago when many of us were cutting our teeth in water management and I think it's even more important now. Our public, our new generation expects to be part of decisions, governmental decisions, resource decisions, and not engaging them means we almost force them to become our opposition. I think part of the experience we've had in this region is that we take the other path by inviting NGOs and other members of the public into the process on the front end, they can become champions of the process, rather than opposition."
"As an example of working with the community and working with stakeholders, Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency in doing bank protection work on the American River have worked with the Water Forum," said Gary Bardini. "The Lower American River Task Force is an example of carrying out a body of work and evaluation in a very public transparent way, inviting the NGOs all the way from the beginning all the way to the point where we develop projects and go out to a broader public engagement. So we think it's very important, in fact it's critical when engaging in anything in the waterway to have active participation with the NGO community."
"From the federal perspective, we simply these days cannot accomplish what we want to accomplish without having NGOs and even just citizens involved," said Eli Ilano. "Everything from ideas and knowledge that these folks bring to project planning, to the resources they bring for project implementation, the people power, the big volunteer days, grant writing, all kinds of things that we simply cannot get it done without the NGO community."
"The water bank," said Tony Firenzi. "I mentioned that in my presentation, it's something that our region is highly invested, and we're highly invested in it because we think it has great merit and great value. Let me expand on that more broadly. Where I think such lofty goals should be invested, if we had those kinds of resources, anything that produces adaptive management, anything that produces flexibility in our operations, interconnecting water systems and allowing water to be distributed in time so it can go to the best use. Anything along those lines is my broader answer, and for us, that's the regional water bank."
"This is the crazy idea," said Tom Gohring. "I would invest in a solar generating system that covers 2/3rds of the area of Lake Natoma, that would serve two purposes. It would reduce the temperature gain of Lake Natoma which would have a demonstrable fishery benefit in the Lower American River. It would also create power generation … "
"A bioenergy wood processing facility in the upper watershed to process all of the material we need to use, also generating power and clean burning, no emissions," said Eli Ilano.
"I'd like to see where eventually, federal, local, and state agencies actually work together as institutions managing the resiliency and actually getting out of the accounting of what it does," said Gary Bardini. "If you have basic cooperation among all in terms of what's needed, that's just the investment that's needed in the watershed versus doing a new accounting exercise of what the benefit of individual actions are."
Moderator Jim Piefer then wrapped it up with some concluding remarks. "You heard from four panel members today talking about projects they are doing to adapt to climate change, and all these projects work together better. These projects are helpful to one another: the improvements in the forest help with water supply and they help with flood control. The project that Gary was talking about is helpful for water supply and flood control at the same time. The projects that Tom talked about and the initiatives that we have under the Water Forum help with all these things and help with the environment."
"These are important multi-benefit projects, and we are hopeful to see the resiliency portfolio in its final form coming soon and we hope to be able to have the support from the federal and state governments in our work within the watershed, and the work they've like to see done. We hope to become partners with them and move forward in adapting to climate change."
upper watershed management
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Next DAILY DIGEST, 8/26: Sacramento River Science Partnership shares science to find fish and water solutions; The biblical flood that will drown CA; Virus contributes to possible big salmon season; AB 3030 raises several questions for ag groups; and more …
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Western Wisconsin Paranormal Investigations
Mabel Tainter Theater
This is the beautiful and Historic Mabel Tainter Theater in Menomonie, WI.
The Mabel Tainter Memorial Theater was constructed in 1889 as a tribute to Mabel Tainter, a young woman who loved music and the arts. Mabel passed away in 1886 at the age of nineteen. The Memorial was commissioned by her parents, Captain and Mrs. Andrew Tainter. Captain Tainter was a lumber baron and silent partner with Knapp, Stout, & Co. The facility, now known as The Mabel Tainter, serves as a performing arts and cultural center.
The building was constructed during the grand Victorian era, and no expense was spared. The exterior of the building is constructed of Dunnville sandstone quarried along the Red Cedar River southeast of the present village of Downsville. Harvey Ellis was the architect. In his designs, Ellis included the Moorish style of curved surfaces, combination of arches, and hand carved details framing the main entrance.
The facility is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, is a charter member of the League of Historic American Theatres, and is a designated Wisconsin Historical Marker Site. The Mabel Tainter features a lavish 261-seat "crown jewel" Victorian theater. It is a premier example of a restored vintage American theater.
The Mabel Tainter Theater is reported to be haunted by several different things from the past. There seems to have been many encounters over the years by both staff and guests.
The first images show just how beautiful the inside of the wonderful building is.
The following images show what was found on an initial investigation done on September 28, 2019
Investigation on April 4th, 2020
Apparition on the left. It moves fast so watch quick and close!!
Manifestation 1
2nd Theater Orb
2nd Floor Orb
Light anomaly and orb from the left
Manifestation Or Orb, You decide!
3rd Theater Orb
Light Anomaly
1st Theater Orb
Basement Orb
Wall Shadow, Right side by chair, Moves quick so watch fast
We literally have hundreds of videos of things we caught during this investigation but only put what we feel is the best here!!! Let us know what you think!!!
Let us know what you think of the images.
EVP's
Woman Whimpering
Young voice
Shhh Background
We currently have a follow-up investigation scheduled for January 23rd, 2021 and will put what we find here for you to see.
Copyright 2021 © Western Wisconsin Paranormal Investigations


Come celebrate the architecture of Palm Springs by participating in Hot Purple Energy's annual "architectural tour," a group bike excursion through several neighborhoods that contain midcentury homes.
Hot Purple Energy is excited to be hosting our annual Midcentury Bike Ride for yet another year in honor of Modernism Week! The "architectural tour" will consist of riding through several Palm Springs neighborhoods that contain midcentury homes.
Though the tour is planned as a group event, we will be providing a course map at the start of the event which will have the route clearly marked to allow riders the opportunity to explore on their own, if they wish. We hope you can join us on this neighborhood excursion and encourage you to invite friends and family.
Just a friendly reminder that, unfortunately, we DO NOT provide bikes. Please bring your own bike, or contact Bike Wheel Tours about renting one from them at the start of the route; please contact them at gotouring@bwbtours.com with inquiries and to make a reservation.
Though the tour is planned as a group event, we are providing an electronic copy of the course map prior to the event which will have the route clearly marked to allow riders the opportunity to explore on their own, if they wish. In the past, we have handed out physical copies of maps, however, this year, we'd like to be just a little bit more environmentally friendly.
This event is organized by Hot Purple Energy.
Photo Credits: Hot Purple Energy.


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Construction Cities
Home » ENR MidAtlantic's 2013 Top 20 Under 40
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ENR MidAtlantic's 2013 Top 20 Under 40
ENR MidAtlantic's 2013 Top 20 Under 40 are transforming the industry.
Bruce Buckley
KEYWORDS MidAtlantic Top Young Professionals
Within the highly competitive mid-Atlantic market, young design and construction professionals are forging paths to leadership. ENR's Top 20 Under 40 competition—now in its third year—showcases the impressive Class of 2013, representing a broad spectrum of executives and staffers under the age of 40.
Some winners have flourished in the family business, while others reached leadership roles with no formal background in the industry. Keen understanding of emerging technologies and techniques helped many of the featured professionals find success.
Although they are all based in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia or the District of Columbia, many are making a difference far beyond the mid-Atlantic region.
More than a third of the winners are women, including some who have broken new ground in their respective design and construction firms.
All contestants in the competition either nominated themselves or were nominated by colleagues. Each winner was selected by an independent jury on the basis of his or her career experience; industry leadership; community service; and other factors.
The jury was made up of Ken Aducci, department manager, senior vice president, HDR Inc.; Pam Ho, human resources manager, SmithGroupJJR; Jennifer Macks, vice president and account manager, Skanska USA Building; Glenn Pearson, water services manager, mid-Atlantic, Dewberry; Louyse Poirier, senior vice president, human resources, Balfour Beatty Construction; Kenneth Terry, project executive, Grunley Construction.
BIRDSALL
James Birdsall
Developing analytical models for global infrastructure projects
33, Senior Structural Engineer
Parsons Corp.
Birdsall first honed his professional skills from 2002 to 2004 with Parsons' long-span bridge practice in New York City. In 2004, he took a leave of absence to earn a doctorate at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland. The results of his research are being used today to improve the management of Switzerland's railway networks. In 2009, he returned to Parsons, where his duties include developing and implementing analytical approaches to complex infrastructure systems. He has streamlined development and deployment of global and local analytical models to maximize accuracy and transparency on projects including the First Bosphorus Bridge in Turkey, the Messina Strait Bridge in Italy and the Dubai Creek Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Bridge design project in Dubai.
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Bruce Buckley is a freelance writer and photographer based in the Washington, D.C., area.
ENR MidAtlantic 2014's Top 20 Under 40
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±OnePercent is a collaborative artists' book exploration of the duplicative, and yet wildly variant, nature of heredity and the human genetic code. The book, created by 8 graduate students under Marginalia Press, the press of the MA Art and the Book program at the Corcoran College of Art + Design, is a work composed of three innovative books in a multi-layered, nested structure with traditional letterpress, as well as contemporary digital and collagraph printed imagery and text. The book is comprised of structures which follow an arc from traditional to modern to experimental: ancient Coptic, multi-faceted accordion/flag, and sculptural spiral, using mill-made and handmade papers, and cloth. Each structure in its own distinctive way works together with the others to explore the complex ties between human DNA, family relationships, individualism and identity.


text:
Q: Accessing abstract arrays To make the explanation easier I'll give a quick overview of the program. I'm supposed to create an "online book store." I have abstract class Item and 2 subclasses, Apparel and Textbooks. In the main the user will first "fill" the store with either textbooks or apparel and then "sell" items, given they're in stock.
In the main I created an array of Item (abstract) that will hold objects of both Textbook and Apparel types, acting like the "store". My problem comes in when trying to access the array.
When "selling" an item, the user, for example, inputs the title of the book they want to purchase. I have to validate that this title is "in stock" (i.e. in the Item array)
This is my method for buying the book (i is the # of items in the store, store is the abstract array, and its not complete as you can see. I'm stuck on the if statement)
public static void buyBook(Item[] store, int i)
{
    TextBook book = new TextBook();

    String title;
    title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Book title: ");

    for(int j = 0; j < i; j++)
    {
        if(store[j] instanceof TextBook)
        {
            if()
        }
}

My idea is to compare title (the user's input) to those of Textbook type in store (abstract array)
I know its wrong but something like:
store[j].getTitle().compareTo(title)

BUT of course store[j] can't access getTitle (because its in TextBook, the subclass)
And now I'm completely stuck. Some guidance would be appreciated.

A: Downcast is your friend. ((TextBook)store[j]).getTitle().compareTo(title) Also, why not use for-each? for (Item item : store) if (item instanceof TextBook) ...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Almost every expert has a different approach to working the crucial mid-body muscles. Here's a system that works for clients at every level, from complete beginners to elite athletes.
First, a biomechanics professor made me write a paper on the subject, which was new to me. Second, as a strength coach working with our women's volleyball team, I learned that every single player had some degree of back pain.
All I remember about the paper is that I cited some Canadian guy named McGill, who made me realize how much I didn't know about the lower back. But in the meantime, I had to help this long-suffering volleyball team, who loved working their abs. I would use ab exercises—including high-rep circuits of crunches, Russian twists, Supermen, bicycles, and prone arm-leg raises—as a reward for doing the heavy squats and other things I wanted them to do.
Two years later, I thought I knew enough to publish an article called "21st Century Core Training." The title was ironic, since the exercises mostly dated back to the 20th century, if not the 19th. Other than planks and dead bugs, I wouldn't use any of them in a program today.
So, yes, I've learned a lot since then. (Thanks, Dr. McGill!) I'm sure you have too. The problem, though, is that we're all learning different things, at different times, and from different sources.
On one side we have coaches who do hardly any targeted core training at all, reasoning that squats, deadlifts, and overhead presses are all their athletes need because they're "real world" core exercises.
On the other we have trainers who only do the basics with their clients or athletes, and never progress to what I call contextual core training—exercises that mimic the body postures and positions they use in life or sports.
The five steps that follow are the middle ground. They should be applicable to the full spectrum of your clients, from entry-level trainees to competitive athletes.
If nothing else, they show how much I've learned in the 15 years since I thought I knew enough to write my first core-training article.
The end goal of all training is to improve performance in the most important movement patterns—running, jumping, climbing, squatting, lifting from the floor or overhead. It's true whether you're training a pro athlete or a 65-year-old grandmother who's never been inside a gym.
With more advanced clients, the road to better performance is paved with squats, deadlifts, rows, and presses—all of which, no question, engage the core.
But how many clients are physically prepared to do those exercises? How many can stabilize their core without overusing their spinal erectors, which locks the lumbar spine in extension and grinds down the vertebrae and discs?
In my experience, this is a nearly universal issue. I see it in everyone from novices to elite lifters moving multiples of their body weight on squats and deadlifts.
It's hard to develop an optimal stabilizing strategy on your feet. Those two points of contact with the floor are the only external feedback you have to signal where your body is in space. There's no feedback for your hips, spine, or shoulders.
Conversely, when you're supine on the floor, you not only have external feedback from your head to your hips, you also get external support.
"Exhale fully" is the most important cue you can give a client right before she begins a core exercise. It may be the most valuable tip in this article.
If you don't believe me, try any of the ground-based exercises shown here with air in your lungs. Then try it again with your lungs empty. You'll see a dramatic difference in core engagement.
Here you want the opposite of anterior pelvic tilt, a common problem that leads to overuse of the spinal extensors when stabilizing the spine.
With a full exhale, you'll see a much-improved range of motion, especially on exercises like the pullover shown in the third step.
This class of exercises includes everything from planks to mountain climbers, body saws, and jackknives.
When you're locked in extension, with your shoulders pulled back, your ribcage thrusts forward. Activating the serratus to pull your ribs back and in helps restore a balance between flexion and extension.
It's easy to use your rectus abdominis and external obliques; that's why so many people in the gym are still doing so many crunches and side crunches. But it's not until you learn to activate deep muscles like the transverse abdominis and internal obliques that you can develop control over the real estate between your pelvis and ribs.
The biggest disadvantage of supine exercises is that the floor limits where air can go when you inhale. When you're in a prone position, you can pull air into the back half of your body.
Why is that important? Because your body can only move where air is allowed. You can't squat or deadlift unless you can take in enough air to expand your back and separate your shoulder blades.
There's also a third problem: They'll almost always have stiff lats.
Some clients will stiffen their lats with a steady diet of lat-focused exercises like rows and pulldowns. Stiff muscles are the price you pay for building them. Or it might happen inadvertently, when years of heavy squats and deadlifts end up shortening and stiffening the posterior-chain muscles.
Whatever the cause, the pullover shown here is one part of the solution, especially when you exhale fully and extend your arms. You'll feel your abs working in a whole new way.
What I've talked about so far is general core training. You're activating and strengthening muscles in positions that offer lots of support but without any direct transfer to real-world activities.
Contextual training, then, means you find postures and positions that resemble those you might use in life or sports.
Consider an athlete: If he's ever flat on his back in a game, you can be sure something went wrong.
Most of the time, he's in a parallel- or split-stance position. No matter what he does from those positions—run, jump, or twist; bend, flex, or extend—he has to control his abdominals to do it safely and effectively.
Or consider a female client who has one or more young kids. How much simultaneous bending, lifting, and twisting will she do in the course of a day, often with an unbalanced load (and sometimes in heels)?
Your training arsenal probably includes several variations on the Pallof press, including half-kneeling, tall-kneeling, and standing variations. But you probably haven't seen the stepping Pallof press with your arms extended in an isometric hold.
It's one of my favorites because it activates everything from hips to shoulders while you move laterally, forcing your core muscles to recalibrate their stabilizing strategy on each step.
If the problem you're trying to correct involves too much activation of the back extensors, the logical fix should be more activation of the flexors. That's why I think the double-kettlebell front squat is one of the best exercises you can do for the anterior core muscles.
Don't believe me? Try doing at least five sets of at least five reps with a challenging load, and tell me how your abs feel in the morning.
But please don't do that with your clients. For them, the anterior core will get plenty of work with moderate weight and volume. Just make sure they meet the standards in the first four steps before asking them to manage the stabilizing challenge of a front-loaded, free-standing exercise like this one.
Not every client or athlete needs every step of this progression. But if you see a client who habitually overuses her posterior chain, or has pronounced anterior pelvic tilt, or complains of back pain, no matter how advanced she is, she should benefit from starting with the first step and working her way forward.
And if you're still using ab circuits like the ones I inflicted on my volleyball players all those years ago, please stop. I got lucky that I didn't make their back pain worse. You and your clients may not be so fortunate.
Mike Robertson, CSCS, is president of Robertson Training Systems and co-owner of Indianapolis Fitness and Sports Training in, you guessed it, Indianapolis. He has a master's degree in sports biomechanics from Ball State University, and for close to two decades has worked with a wide range of clients and athletes, from rehab patients to NBA stars. A former powerlifter (he totaled 1,400 pounds in the 198-pound weight class in his final meet), he's a prolific writer whose articles have appeared in T-nation and Men's Health, among many other places.You can connect with him at his website or on Facebook.


Use a damp, clean, lint-free cloth that is free of loose fibers. Cloth diapers and terry cloth work well.
Don't use a cloth that you use on dishes or countertops. It could contain detergents, residue and fibers that will harm your cabinets.
If a cleanser is necessary, use a mild, liquid, non-abrasive cleaner. Murphy's Oil Soap is a good choice.
Apply the cleanser to your cleaning cloth. Don't apply directly to the cabinet.
Work in small areas so you can dry the cabinet immediately with a clean, lint-free cloth that is free of loose fibers.


I couldn't wait to get out of the elevator. When the doors finally opened I darted down the hall and into the room where my new grandson had just been born. My eyes instantly found him, and my breath was taken away. He was so beautiful! So tiny. So perfect. His black hair was all wet and curly. I kissed his head; he smelled so fresh and pure. His skin was softer than velvet. I couldn't take my eyes off him. My arms ached to hold him. I stayed close, soaking in everything I could about him and longing for the moment when I could embrace him.
Finally, he was there, in my arms. His weak wobbly body totally dependent upon my hands as I cradled him. He started gurgling and cooing, and then — his slate blue eyes looked straight into mine! My heart melted. My soul soared. A smile as big as the universe spread across my face and I cooed back to him saying, oh sweet, sweet little one; You are so precious! You are such a gift! You are the apple of my eye!
It was a couple of days later when I was holding my precious grandson again, gazing upon his beauty and in total awe of him, that a whisper of scripture came to me. "You are precious in my eyes, and honored, and I love you." (Isaiah 43:4) As I looked with loving eyes upon my grandson, I sensed something sacred……there were eyes looking at ME! The loving eyes of Aba, my Father. And a tender message; You, my daughter, are precious in my eyes, and honored, and I love you." God was telling me that I was the apple of his eye! I thought of the intense love I had for my new grandson, and realized that my Heavenly Father has that same strong love for me! Only more! Much, much more! More than I could imagine, and I was blown away.
He looks at me, with tender eyes?
He sees me pure and beautiful?
He gazes upon me with love?
He longs to embrace me?
He stays close by, soaking me in?
He holds me carefully, tenderly?
He can't take his eyes off me?
The answer is YES! Yes, yes and yes! Yes, because I am precious in his sight. Yes, because I am his beloved daughter. Yes, because I am the apple of his eye. And here is the best part…God doesn't just love me this way, He loves ALL his children, with this deep, passionate, eternal love. Whether they are brand new innocent babies, or older tainted adults.
I appreciate your kind words. And I love you so very, very much too!
I definitely agree! A new baby brings wonderful perspective on how our heavenly parents see and feel about us. (So much so, it's a bit overwhelming.) What a great post!
Thanks for your sweet comments, but mostly thank you for those two sweet little boys.


"The low unemployment rate in Michigan has raised concern for the company's ability to hire the appropriate workforce," Michigan Economic Development Corp. staff wrote in a memo to the Strategic Fund board members. "The funding will help the company with recruiting and ensure this project occurs in Michigan."
Amazon, a 21-year-old e-commerce outfit based in Seattle, also considered Ohio and Indiana for the center, according to state officials. The new site, near the intersection of I-96 and I-275 and about 20 miles from Detroit Metro Airport, was bought from the trust in charge of disposing of old General Motors properties off-loaded during the company's bankruptcy process, officials said.
►Related: What do Ford and Amazon have in common?
Amazon has not received any incentives from the Michigan Strategic Fund in the past. Wayne County Executive Warren Evans said in a statement Tuesday that the City of Livonia and Wayne County "have teamed up to offer local support to the project in the form of a property tax abatement and public infrastructure improvements."
Amazon has 277 workers in Michigan today, according to state documents. It already has about 100 people working downtown in office space at 150 W. Jefferson in Detroit. Amazon also operates what it calls a "sortation" center in suburban Brownstown Township and has an audiobooks operation called Brilliance Publishing in Grand Haven, near Lake Michigan.
The company, he said, "moves fast."


text:
Боніген () — громада  в Швейцарії в кантоні Берн, адміністративний округ Інтерлакен-Обергаслі.

Географія
Громада розташована на відстані близько 45 км на південний схід від Берна.
Боніген має площу 15,1 км², з яких на 6,2% дозволяється будівництво (житлове та будівництво доріг), 16,4% використовуються в сільськогосподарських цілях, 57,5% зайнято лісами, 19,8% не є продуктивними (річки, льодовики або гори).

Демографія

2019 року в громаді мешкало 2528 осіб (+3,4% порівняно з 2010 роком), іноземців було 9,6%. Густота населення становила 167 осіб/км².
За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 19,3% — особи молодші 20 років, 57,1% — особи у віці 20—64 років, 23,6% — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Було 1170 помешкань (у середньому 2,1 особи в помешканні).
Із загальної кількості 768 працюючих 29 було зайнятих в первинному секторі, 443 — в обробній промисловості, 296 — в галузі послуг.

Примітки

Громади Берну

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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