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HomeDeath PenaltySaint of the Day: St. Martin of Tours (11/11/09)
Saint of the Day: St. Martin of Tours (11/11/09)
Scott Smith November 11, 2009
For Veteran's Day, we celebrate our men in uniform, past and present. St. Martin of Tours, the soldier monk whom we also celebrate today, gives us an interesting perspective on the life of a soldier. St. Martin, pray for us!
I wish I had started this a couple days back, so Blessed John Duns Scotus could have been the first one for this blog. By my very rough Latin, I've always thought "Duns Scotus" meant the "dumb Scot"--wouldn't that have been the perfect way to begin ... with a good dose of humility? Oh, and I'm pretty sure Duns Scotus was the first one to work out a theological basis for the Immaculate Conception, which is pretty stinkin' cool.
Today is the feast day of St. Martin of Tours. At first blush, all I know is that Charles Martel must be the hero of Tours if not the saint. Remember how he and the Frankish armies were victorious at the Battle of Tours? Charlie Martel, the Hammer? (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tours)
He deserves a nod, too, I think: thanks for saving Europe from the Muslim hoardes, Chuck, good going.
Ok, so ... Martin of Tours. Let's see what I can find on this guy.
Here's El Greco's depiction of St. Martin: (By the way, I LOVE El Greco)
Here's a good site for saints of the day: http://www.americancatholic.org/features/saintofDay/
Since we're on the topic, it seems that--in his own historical context--Martin fought against the death penalty. Along with St. Ambrose, Martin rejected the then prevailing principle of putting heretics to death. He even interceded on the behalf of one such heretic, Priscillian, who was slated for execution by petitioning the emperor. For his efforts, Martin was unfortunately charged with the same heresy. Hey, don't the Beatitudes say something about being blessed when persecuted for the sake of righteousness? Yeah, Martin was definitely on his way to beatitude. Lucky...
Martin's life was unique in other ways, too. He is most commonly known as a conscientious objector. At the age of 23 after refusing a war bonus, he told his commander: "I have served you as a soldier; now let me serve Christ."
There's also a cool legend about him, his charity and a vision of Christ. The El Greco painting above is meant to depict this legend, I think (see him using his sword to slice the garment?). I'll let AmericanCatholic.org tell the story:
On a bitterly cold day, a famous legend goes, Martin met a poor man, almost naked, trembling in the cold and begging from passersby at the city gate. Martin had nothing but his weapons and his clothes. He drew his sword, cut his cloak into two pieces, gave one to the beggar and wrapped himself in the other half. Some of the bystanders laughed at his now odd appearance; others were ashamed at not having relieved the man's misery. That night in his sleep Martin saw Christ dressed in the half of the garment he had given away, and heard him say, "Martin, still a catechumen, has covered me with his garment."
Before I end, I'll also mention that he was a powerful exorcist and the founder, perhaps, of the first French monastery. Not bad for a lifetime.
It seems, more than anything, Martin's life is marked with the grace of bearing false persecution. He was not made for the world in which he found himself. How many of us, in our pursuit of Christ, feel this way? It is a blessing, though. Take heart. St. Martin is praying for us.
For an end to the death penalty; for our lives to be marked by a culture of life, not death; for all the unjustly imprisoned, whatever their prison; and especially for our soldiers, of whom Martin is patron; we ask for his intercession as we pray to the Lord.
Lord, hear our prayers.
Death Penalty Duns Scotus heresy Saint of the Day soldier of Christ St. Martin Tours
Lee Faber January 15, 2010 at 2:08 PM
'Duns' is actually thought to be the name of the town where Scotus was born. But he was the original 'dunce' insofar as the humantists and protestants regarded his followers as backwards and stupid.


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Danny Masterson Jurors Showed Scientology Bias.
Attorneys are set to make opening statements in Danny Masterson's rape trial Tuesday, as a jury is expected to be selected by early morning.
Last week, the initial pool of 225 judges was reduced to 85. On Monday, the defense and prosecutors began questioning potential jurors in open court — known as voir dire — in the first round of screening. From Judge Charline Olmedo.
One of the questions is how much the potential jurors know about Scientology. Masterson is a Scientologist and each of the three defendants was a Scientologist at the time of the rape. The accusers – now all former Scientologists – said they delayed going to the police for fear they might be dismissed.
At the beginning of the questioning, defense attorney Philip Cohen emphasized that Scientology was not on trial.
"Scientology is not a party (to the issue), but you're going to hear about it," Cohen said. Whether you feel strongly about your religion – or strongly against other religions – will be an issue.
In the past few days, several jurors have said they have seen or read something about Scientology. By far the most popular source of information is "Scientology and the Post-Maze," an A&E documentary hosted by former Scientologist Leah Remini, a critic of the church. The two-hour finale of that show in 2019 included a discussion of the Masterson case. Masterson's attorneys argued that Remini was a "victim's advocate" for one of his accusers.
Most of the judges who claim to have seen the scene have been pardoned, although the reason for their resignation has not been disclosed.
The judges who knew the church were not asked to provide any details of what they saw or read, so as not to spoil the other judges. One of them said that he had read many articles about the church. Asked by the judge whether the articles were positive or negative, he said, "I don't think I've read anything positive about the company."
He was forgiven.
Many judges said they knew little or nothing about the Church. Few knew Tom Cruise as a Scientologist, but little else about the church's beliefs and practices. Some said they had only heard the name "Scientology".
"I have seen their magnificent building," said one man.
At least one said she had read L. Ron Hubbard's "Dianetics" or a similar book, and others said they had seen advertisements promoting Scientology. A couple says they've seen TV ads in which LA mayoral candidate Rick Caruso attacks his rival Karen Bass for appearing at a Scientology event.
Only two judges said they found a Scientologist. One of the He said he worked for a company in the 1990s where the owner and most of the employees were Scientologists. He said his colleagues did not talk much about their religion.
"I must have asked," said the man. "It was a long time ago."
That person is forgiven. Another judge said he had friends who left the church and complained about it.
"They saw it as a traumatic experience," he said. I know it's a restrictive organization.
The judge said it would be difficult to set this aside and be fair. By lunchtime on Monday, the man had apparently been pardoned.
But most jurors said they would be fair to Masterson regardless of his religion.
Speaking to the jury Monday afternoon, Cohen called Scientology "the elephant in the room."
"Does Mr. Masterson's past and present relationships and involvement and status as a Scientologist have any bearing on your view of the government's burden to prove its allegations?" Cohen said. "This is something I really need to know."
No one raised their hand.
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"Why does it take years for someone to come forward?" he asked.
Another person, who described himself as a feminist, said he felt inclined to support the defendant's testimony.
"I think a victim who has the courage to take a stand – there can be some truth," he said.
Asked if he could put aside his inclinations and follow the judge's instructions, he said, "I personally think it's hard to do."
Cohen thanked him for his honesty.
"This is very difficult," Cohen said.
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text:
« Ancient Truths
The Webb of Unsophistication in Products Liability Law »
Credible Incredulity
Has skepticism become a victim of political correctness and adversarial zeal?
In the last century, philosopher Bertrand Russell advanced intelligent skepticism against myriad enthusiams and mindless beliefs, political, religious, and pseudo-scientific. Russell saw unwarranted certainty as a serious intellectual offense:
"The fundamental cause of the trouble is that in the modern world the stupid are cocksure while the intelligent are full of doubt."
Bertrand Russell, "The Triumph of Stupidity" (1933), Mortals and Others: Bertrand Russell's American Essays, 1931-1935 , at 28 (1998). When many American intellectuals were still in their love swoon over Stalin, Russell chastised the Soviet dictator for his betrayal of ideals and his enslavement of Eastern European. Stalinism's certainty about politics and science was not a virtue, but a grave sin. Or, in Russell's words:
"One of the painful things about our time is that those who feel certainty are stupid, and those with any imagination and understanding are filled with doubt and indecision."
Bertrand Russell, New Hopes for a Changing World at 4-5 (1951).
In the 21st century, ideologues of various stripes have tried to silence healthy skepticism and doubt by claiming that their critics have "manufactured doubt."[1] This aggression against skepticism and doubt, joined with a biased conception of conflicts of interest, have become part of a concerted campaign to privilege tendentious scientific claims from critical scrutiny.
Philosopher Susan Haack, who has aligned herself on occasion with these politicized acolytes of certainty,[2] recently has pushed back, with a reminder that credulity for unwarranted claims, in all walks of life, is unethical.[3] Haack's essay is a delightful effort to clarify what credulity is, and to explore why credulity is an epistemologic vice and a social hazard, as well as the implications for citizens and scientists of living in an evidence-based, not a faith-based world.
Drawing inspiration from the the English mathematician and philosopher, William Kingdon Clifford, Haack has adopted one of Clifford's bon mots as her motto:
"The credulous man is father to the liar and the cheat."[4]
Indeed! And credulous judges and juries are the parents to specious claims and shyster lawyers.
Clifford's essay should be required reading for politicians, judges, regulators, and legislators who evaluate the claims of scientist advocates. Spurning ethical relativism, Clifford identified the key intellectual "sin" in an evidence-based world:
"It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence."
William K. Clifford, "The Ethics of Belief," 29 Contemporary Rev. 289, 295 (1877).
Professor Haack should be commended for her fulsome irony for publishing in a journal of one of the world's more credulous institutions, and for reminding us that credulity is an intellectual vice.
[1] See, e.g., David Michaels, Doubt is Their Product: How Industry's Assault on Science Threatens Your Health (2008); Naomi Oreskes and Erik M. Conway, Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming (2010).
[2] See, e.g., "Bendectin, Diclegis & The Philosophy of Science" (Oct. 26, 2013).
[3] Susan Haack, "Credulity and Circumspection: Epistemological Character and the Ethics of Belief," 88 Proc. Am. Catholic Philosophical Ass'n 27 (2015).
[4] citing and quoting William K. Clifford, "The Ethics of Belief " (1877), in Leslie Stephen and Sir Frederick Pollock, eds., The Ethics of Belief and Other Essays 70, 77 (London 1947).
This entry was posted on Thursday, May 19th, 2016 at 11:36 am	and is filed under Scientific Evidence, Scientific Misconduct. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.


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MeToo	(8 Results)
40 Days and 40 Nights: A Silver Lining in 2020
Direct from a Manhattan courthouse, here's how the Harvey Weinstein watershed trial – and the women who brought a titan to his knees – have changed New York forever
Why Unbelievable should be your next Netflix binge
The show, based on a real life serial rapist case, is harrowing but essential viewing
Bill Cosby Has Been Sentenced To State Prison For Sexual Assault
Cosby is a "sexually violent predator", judge rules
The Future Of Selena Gomez's Latest Film Hangs In The Balance
"A Rainy Day In New York" has been indefinitely shelved by Amazon
Ed Westwick's sexual assault charges dropped due to insufficient evidence
The actor lost a TV role over the allegations, which he has denied
The Speech Every Woman Needs To Watch Today
If you haven't seen Halsey's "A Story Like Mine" poem from the Women's March 2018 in NYC, now is the time
French Actress Catherine Deneuve Offers Apology To #MeToo Victims
It comes a week after she signed a petition claiming the movement promoted a "hatred of men" and impaired sexual liberty
#MeToo, intersectionality and pickling: All About Women is changing the face of feminism, one gin at a time
The Sydney Opera House's all-star symposium on feminist issues has never felt more vital than it does now


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Förlagsföreningen Nordstiernan (även Pagedirect Publishing och Polstiernan Förlag) var ett svenskt bokförlag som drevs under 2002–2006. Förlaget var ideellt och hade som huvudsyfte att stödja och främja unga författare som inte fick chansen på större kommersiella förlag. Förlaget arbetade inte som andra mindre förlag med beställtryck utan publicerade traditionellt tryckta upplagor (offset) och gav chansen till unga författare att synas i bokhyllorna hos bokhandlarna och i biblioteken.

Ledning

Grundare till förlaget var Daniel Sörlöv och Anand Bramhbatt som en förening. 2003 uteslöts Bramhbatt efter en konflikt med Sörlöv. Efter detta tog Sörlöv kontrollen i förlaget genom en interimstyrelse, och registrerade föreningen 2003.

Nedläggningen
Under 2005 kontaktade investmentföretaget Nordstjernan AB förlagsföreningen och meddelade att man tänkte stämma förlagsföreningen för namnintrång och genom ekonomisk press på förlaget tvingades det byta namn till Polstiernan Förlag. På grund av höga kostnader till följd av tvisten, gick förlaget med underskott och lades därför ned 2006.

Tidskriften Mango
Förlaget startade också Tidskriften Mango, och en festival med samma namn. Tidskriften var ISSN-registrerad. Den skrevs av volontärer i hela landet och producerades på förlagets redaktion i Norrköping. Tidningen trycktes i 100.000 exemplar vid 5 tillfällen, men efter flertalet misstänkta sabotage i distributionen var föreningen tvungen att lägga ner produktionen.

Utgåvor

Utgivet 2002-2004 (under namnet Pagedirect Publishing)
Amazonen och andra noveller, av Jennie Fagerström (*1985), gavs ut 2004
Posten brinner, av Mikael Aaby Ericsson (*1986), gavs ut 2004
I huvudet på en tonåring, av Felicia Andersson (*1987), utgavs 2003
Med trasiga vingar, av Elin Asariew (*1981), gavs ut 2004
Allt som är, av Anna Bengtsson (född 1984) (*1984), gavs ut 2003
Här är jag och där, där är du, av John Berg (*1974), gavs ut 2004
Svart, av Daniel Birath (*1980), gavs ut 2003
Fängslad själ, av Anna-Katarina Engström (*1982), utgavs 2003
One thought, av Anna-Katarina Engström (*1982), utgavs 2003
Känslor i en liten burk, av Erika Gråberg (*1986), utgavs 2003
I våra hjärtan, av flera författare, utgavs 2003
En ensam ängels tankar, av Åse Johansson (*1984), utgavs 2003
Existens, av Sophie Jonasson (*1975), utgavs 2004
En förvirrad mans samtid, av David Knutsson (*1975), utgavs 2004
Byggstenar, av Maria Kristiansson (*1977), utgavs 2004
Ord av kärlek och hat, av Patrik Mattsson (*1987), utgavs 2003
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Gränskänsla, av Hanna Olsson (*1985), utgavs 2004
Höstkvällar, av Sandra Pernander (*1984), utgavs 2003
SkalaNoll, av Matti Sandberg (*1984), utgavs 2003
Silencium, av Li-Sandra Sandell (*1979), utgavs 2003
Pro cryptica, av Linn Siljebo (*1985), utgavs 2003
Regndroppar faller i evighetens hus, av Daniel Solling (*1981), utgavs 2004
Nakna ord som växer, av Mikael Spetz (*19), utgavs 2004
Trettio, av Urban Sylvan (*1968), utgavs 2003
Vrål från underjord - sång från ovan, av flera författare, utgavs 2003
Mellan glaskulor och silverdamm, av Anna Wahlström (*1983), utgavs 2003
Leva genom ord, av Anna Wahlström (*1983), utgavs 2004
Past the point, av Anna Wahlström (*1983), utgavs 2003
Kattguld, av Claes Widmark (*1964), utgavs 2003
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Haket guld 2003, av flera författare, utgavs 2004
Medan kaffet är varmt, av flera författare, utgavs 2003
Medan kaffet är varmt, av flera författare, utgavs 2004

Utgivet 2004-2005 (under namnet Nordstiernan förlag)
Sju: dikter, av Julia Holmqvist, utgavs 2005
Vilsegången, av Diana Isfeldt (*1983), utgavs 2004
På andra sidan av själen som försvann av Camilla Löjdström (*1986), utgavs 2004
Svartvit kvinna av Tereza Mavica-Lundström, numera Tereza Kennedy (*1976), utgavs 2004
The bulls eye, av Hans Westlund (*1966), utgavs 2004
När bar hud möter is, av Isa Sundell (*1985), utgavs 2004
Skaparglöd, flera författare, utgavs 2004
Kalejdoskop, flera författare, utgavs 2004

Utgivet 2005-2006 (under namnet Polstiernan förlag)
Perfekt av Kristoffer Eriksson (*1982), utgavs 2005
Hjärtat får sista ordet, av Johan Karlsson (*1983) och Henrik Westdahl (*1985), utgavs 2005
Dagens eko framför dina fötter, av Bill Larsson (*1977 +2008), utgavs 2005
Kallbrand, av Kristine Persson (*1986), utgavs 2005
Lisbeth Larsdotter: en släktkrönika.., av Arne Sörlöv (*1948), utgavs 2005
Sipprar ut av Johanna Ulfsdotter Nilsson (*1983), utgavs 2005

Källor
 Sök förlagsnamnen Nordstiernan, Polstiernan, Pagedirect i Libris

Förlaget i media

Länkar till förlagets författare

Ej längre existerande svenska bokförlag
Företag bildade 2002
Företag upplösta 2006

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When an airport has helipads, why would a helicopter take-off or land on a runway?
At an airport with both runway and helipad (KASH) I have seen both being used for helicopter takeoffs and landings. Is there anything that causes the helicopter pilot to choose to use the runway instead of the helipad?
helicopter runways
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I know you asked specifically about runway versus helipad departures, but I thought I would lay out all the options available to the heli pilot, and you can see what all the choices are.
There are three different areas on an airport that a helicopter can operate from:
Non-movement area -- this is the area of the airport that is not controlled by the ground or tower controller. It often consists of aircraft parking areas or an area leased by a tenant. It is separated from a movement area by this the marking below. Helipads may be found in non-movement areas, such as the Coast Guard helipads at SFO and JFK.
Movement area -- this is the area of the airport controlled by a ground controller, and separated from the runway area by this marking: . Helipads can be found in movement areas.
Runway area -- this is the area controlled by the tower controller, and contains the runways used for landing and departing traffic.
This picture from KHWD shows the three areas:
Regardless of which area is used, almost heli departures from towered airports are coordinated directly with the tower controller because the aircraft enters the controllers airspace.
At non-towered airports, helis operate out of the flow of fixed-wing traffic, and need to self-announce like any other aircraft.
Additionally, helicopters can make three different kinds of departures:
max performance take off -- which begins with a near-vertical segment, and then transitions to a horizontal. This is typically used from a confined area, and looks something like this:
normal takeoff -- this begins in an in-ground effect hover with a horizontal segment until translation lift is assured, then transitions into a climb:
running takeoff -- when there is insufficient power to begin with an in-ground effect hover, then the helicopter may begin its departure by sliding (skids) or rolling (wheels) along the ground, until translational lift can be obtained, then transitioning into a normal takeoff:
The choice of departure area and departure type are for the most part independent, but they are obviously linked based on performance and obstacles.
The departure area is an operational decision. When the helicopter is operating from a remote part of an airport, the pilot will often make a departure from a non-movement area (helipad or ramp) so she doesn't have to taxi to the runway. If the helicopter is a passenger flight, such as air-taxi, it will most likely operate from the runway or a helipad in the movement area.
The departure type is a performance decision, based on obstacles, weather, weight, and available power. Hot & high departures might require a running take-off. Lightly loaded twin-engine copters in normal weather can safely make high-performance departures over obstacles in the desired direction of flight.
$\begingroup$ Spot on. This sentence is the crux of the answer - The departure area is an operational decision $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ i have noticed that helis with wheels like to do running/rolling departures on runways. Also, I have seen a lot of large military helis depart in formation using rolling takeoffs from different parts of the runway, in order. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ Yeh. I think that's because of wear on the skids, especially from runways. If I had wheels, I guess I'd do a rolling take off every time since it's the lowest power requirement. Even on grass, the skid plates wear. But as you say, ops is the key. I worked on a line of Wessex IIs (H34 to the cousins) and the layout of the pan was such that hover take-off followed by hover taxi to a dedicated grass runway was the norm. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ I have heard helicopter pilots being instructed to land either on the paved runway or at least sixty yards away in order to avoid blowing foreign objects and debris onto it. $\endgroup$
– A. I. Breveleri
One reason is to avoid damaging light aircraft or other property
I had a case back in the 1980's where I had brought a Navy helicopter to an airshow for a static display. (Gross weight about 12,500 lbs). While doing an air taxi to the spot where I was to display the aircraft, the tower told me to land immediately. My rotor wash was causing some light aircraft that I didn't see clearly (downwind from us) to strain at their tie downs. We used a rolling ground taxi to get to our position. (Air show was good fun, good weather, etc).
When we departed, I coordinated with the tower to do progressive taxi to the runway, and to depart from there, because most of the aircraft from the airshow were still there, and we had to get back to our base. We wanted to reduce risk as far as possible to anyone's light aircraft (there were a lot of them) from our rotor wash.
We took off from the runway to prevent damage/disturbance to other people's property at the airport. All's well that ends well.
KorvinStarmastKorvinStarmast
My impression was that runway takeoffs are easier / safer because you remain less in the unsafe zone where auto-rotation is precluded.
e.g. See the chart below. You want to avoid the red zone, the so called "coffin corners" (not to be confused with a similarly called but totally different operating envelope for Aircraft at high speeds). So airspeed helps.
Basically auto-rotation is your safety pass in case of engine / transmission failure etc. So you want to avoid situations where you are gaining pure height without any airspeed.
See the recommended take off profile on the chart below. It increases airspeed a lot before the height increases significantly. That's what you get in a runway takeoff but I guess could also do in a helipad takeoff depending on the surrounding constraints on flight path.
curious_catcurious_cat
$\begingroup$ There is no difference in the take-off or landing profile to a runway or a helipad. Remember helicopters do not (except in a few scenarios) roll along the runway and rotate. They lift into a hover, accelerate in ground effect, gaining translational lift until about 45 kts, then climb. Same for helipads or runways. I can avoid the red areas landing on a helipad just as easily as I can landing on a runway. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ @Simon Right, but if you take the recommended take off profile you need to be doing close to 100 kmph at about 10 ft above the ground. The runway is one clearly safe place you can do this. If your helipad surroundings offer the clear area to do it, that's great too. That's why I had the part to my answer which clarified that you could get the same safe flight profile from a Helipad too but obstacle clearance is a must. $\endgroup$
– curious_cat
$\begingroup$ there are plenty of areas on an airport besides runways where normal departures can be done in the non-shaded areas of the H/V diagram, including taxiways and the grass between the runways/taxiways. I have even "landed" and "taken off" from Frazier Lake's water runway in a copter equipped with emergency pop-out floats. $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ @simon Isn't 50 knots 92 kmph? $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ I've never seen a helipad in real life that has any room to do anything other than a max performance take off (or landing along roughly the same profile) but this may be because all of the helipads I have seen have been at places like hospitals... $\endgroup$
Though I'm not sure of the exact circumstances, the helicopters may be carrying out a rolling take-off. This is done in some cases where sufficient power is not available for normal (hovering) takeoff, like high gross weight etc.
In these cases, the helicopter is rolled down the runway to gain sufficient speed (to generate the required lift), so as to satisfy the power requirement. As this technique uses up considerable distance (for the takeoff roll and initial climb), and requires a smooth surface (during roll), the runway is preferred.
In case the helicopter had taken off from runway normally (i.e. in hover), the ATC might have asked the pilot to use the runway so as to let the other aircraft know which direction the helicopter is going.
$\begingroup$ you can make any kind of departure from a runway, but you can only make a hover (normal) or high-performance takeoff from a helipad $\endgroup$
$\begingroup$ I've made many "limited power" take-offs from somewhere except a runway, including sliding skids across the ground on grass (which is actually preferable since if causes less wear on the skid plates, although there is a slightly increased risk of mistakes since on grass, a skid can catch on something). $\endgroup$
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text:
Biografia
Olga era l'unica figlia del contrammiraglio Sir Adolphus FitzGeorge, e della sua prima moglie, Sophia Jane Holden. Nacque ad Atene, dove suo padre prestava servizio nella flotta mediterranea della Royal Navy. Olga venne chiamata in onore delle sue due madrine: la regina Olga di Grecia e la sua prozia Maria Adelaide, duchessa di Teck. La regina Olga le regalò un cuore di perle per il suo battesimo.

Tramite suo padre, Olga era una nipote del principe Giorgio, duca di Cambridge e di sua moglie Sarah Fairbrother. Poiché il matrimonio dei suoi nonni paterni era in contrasto con il Royal Marriages Act 1772, il padre di Olga e gli zii non poterono ereditare il ducato di Cambridge. Sempre tramite suo padre, Olga era una discendente di re Giorgio III. Come discendente di Giorgio III, era anche cugina di primo grado della regina Vittoria e della regina Mary. Attraverso sua madre, era la nipote di Thomas Holden e di sua moglie Penelope Sofiano Holden. Holden era un ricco uomo d'affari dal quale i genitori di Olga ricevettero gran parte della loro fortuna.

Da bambina, i genitori di Olga le hanno permesso di esibirsi in spettacoli e musical a beneficio di cause benefiche. Nel giugno 1882 lei e suo padre si esibirono in tre spettacoli teatrali al Corn Exchange di Newark-on-Trent per raccogliere fondi per la costruzione di un ospedale locale.

Il nonno di Olga, il duca di Cambridge, fu invitato da sua madre Augusta, duchessa di Cambridge, a interferire nella sua educazione. Nel 1884 il duca si preoccupò della presenza di Olga in un bazar di beneficenza ospitato da sua madre al St James's Palace, nonostante fosse patrocinato dai principi di Galles.

Nel 1886 Olga fu una delle damigelle d'onore al matrimonio di zia materna Hélène Cecil Holden con John Louis Mitchell. Partecipò anche a una cena di stato ospitato dalla regina Vittoria a Buckingham Palace nel maggio 1895.

Matrimoni

Primo Matrimonio
Sposò, il 18 dicembre 1897, Charles Edward Hamilton (10 dicembre 1876-18 marzo 1939), figlio di Sir Edward Hamilton, IV baronetto. Il loro matrimonio si tenne a St. Peter's Church, Eaton Square, Belgravia, e la cerimonia fu presieduta dal reverendo Edgar Sheppard.

Il velo di pizzo era un cimelio di famiglia precedentemente indossato da sua madre ed era decorato con fiori d'arancio appositamente inviati da Cannes. Indossava solo un gioiello, che era il cuore di perle che le era stato dato al battesimo dalla madrina. Il ricevimento di nozze si è tenuto a casa dei genitori di Olga e successivamente la coppia partì per Parigi per la luna di miele.

Dopo il loro matrimonio, la coppia andò a vivere a Rotherhill, a Midhurst, nel Sussex.

La coppia ebbe due figli:

 George Edward Archibald Augustus FitzGeorge Hamilton (30 dicembre 1898-18 maggio 1918);
 una figlia (nata e morta il 5 maggio 1902).

Divorzio
Prima del loro matrimonio, Olga era conosciuta per il suo stile di vita sontuoso. Mantenne il suo comportamento stravagante nel corso del matrimonio, aumentando i debiti del marito e causando conflitti coniugali quando Hamilton tentò di limitare le sue spese. Al fine di ottenere l'indipendenza finanziaria dal marito, Olga aprì un salone di bellezza in New Bond Street a Londra con il suo nome da sposa sulla porta principale. La sua attività si rivelò fastidiosa sia per la famiglia di suo marito sia per la famiglia reale britannica. Dopo la sua apertura, la coppia si separò. Nel maggio 1901 Hamilton tornò alla residenza dei suoi genitori a Devonshire Place mentre Olga rimase nella loro residenza coniugale a Londra. Occasionalmente Hamilton visitava sua moglie e suo figlio, ma le sue visite alla fine cessarono.

Olga chiese e ottenne un decreto di restituzione dei diritti coniugali da Sir Francis Jeune il 28 luglio 1902 FitzGeorge was also granted custody of their son, George.. Ricevette anche la custodia del figlio. Nonostante gli sforzi della famiglia reale per una riconciliazione, Olga presentò una domanda di divorzio, che ottenne il 3 novembre 1902 per il fatto che suo marito l'aveva abbandonato e che aveva una relazione extraconiugale con una donna sconosciuta.

Secondo matrimonio
Sposò, il 5 gennaio 1905 a Londra, l'avvocato Robert Charlton Lane (26 gennaio 1873-23 maggio 1943), figlio di Charles Thomas Lane. Dopo il loro matrimonio, la coppia si recava spesso a New York. Vivevano a Belgravia e in una tenuta a Warblington, nei pressi di Havant, nel Hampshire. La coppia ebbe una figlia:

 Mary Alice Olga Sofia Jane Lane (4 giugno 1919-20 settembre 2014), sposò in prime nozze Edward Christopher Hohler, ebbero quattro figli, e in seconde nozze Ronald Stratford Scrivener, non ebbero figli.

All'inizio del 1908 Olga fu coinvolta in un divorzio a Edimburgo tra Arthur Clark Kennedy e la sua seconda moglie, in parte a causa del presunto rapporto tra Olga e Kennedy. La moglie di Kennedy affermò che la coppia avevano viaggiato insieme nel 1906, e vissero insieme a Bury St Edmunds da marzo all'aprile di quell'anno. Kennedy non era presente per la sentenza di divorzio e alla moglie fu concesso il divorzio. Durante tutto il processo, Olga andò in vacanza in Giamaica.

Nel 1916, durante la prima guerra mondiale, il figlio di Olga, George, entrò nella Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, e alla fine del 1917 raggiunse il grado di sottotenente nei Grenadier Guards, in cui il suo bisnonno aveva servito. Solo pochi mesi dopo, il 18 maggio 1918, George fu ucciso durante un bombardamento a Warlincourt, vicino ad Arras. Fu sepolto nel cimitero britannico di Warlincourt Halte, vicino a Saulty.

Sua madre morì il 3 febbraio 1920. Lasciò in eredità alcuni gioielli (un braccialetto d'oro che era appartenuto ad Augusta, duchessa di Cambridge e altri gioielli di diamanti). Dopo la morte di sua madre il padre di Olga si risposò con Margaret Watson.

Morte
Il suo decesso avvenne il 15 ottobre 1928 a Rouen: dopo un tour a Bayeux e un soggiorno di due giorni a Rouen, Olga morì improvvisamente di embolia mentre saliva in auto per partire per Le Havre. I suoi resti furono trasferiti da Le Havre a Southampton il 17 ottobre, e fu sepolta nella sua tenuta Glebe Manor a Warblington, nel Hampshire.

Ascendenza

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

Olga


text:
Dangerous COVID-19 Syndrome First Seen in Kids Also Strikes Adults
MONDAY, Oct. 26, 2020 (HealthDay News) -- When the new coronavirus pandemic first began, respiratory distress immediately became the hallmark of severe COVID-19 illness. News reports focused on the inability to breathe, low oxygen saturation levels and the alarming need for ventilators.
But six months later, experts are becoming increasingly concerned about a very different COVID-19 phenomenon, one that spares the lungs only to take direct aim at the patient's heart, digestive tract and nervous system.
Called "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults" -- or MIS-A -- the condition was first spotted last spring in children and teens.
"The symptoms are very similar among adults and children," explained Dr. Alisa Femia, director of both in-patient dermatology and autoimmune connective tissue disease at NYU Langone Dermatologic Surgery & Cosmetic Associates, in New York City.
"Fever is characteristic," Femia noted, sometimes accompanied by a rash, skin discoloration and chapping, chest pain and gastrointestinal issues.
"Some patients develop muscle pain, and a general feeling of unwellness. And some experience a shock-like state, which means that blood pressure is dropping, the heart rate is up, and the patient appears very, very ill and in immediate need of hospitalization," she added.
Femia was part of a team that first reported on the pediatric version of the condition -- known as MIS-C -- back in July. To date, there have been more than 1,000 cases of MIS-C in the United States, resulting in 20 deaths.
Femia ultimately went on to treat the first reported case of MIS-A. Now, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is zeroing in on the adult version, with an analysis outlined recently in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
The CDC report focused on 27 MIS-A patients ranging in age from 21 to 50. Of those, 10 ended up in the intensive care unit and two of those patients died.
"The lack of respiratory symptoms at presentation represent the main distinction between patients with severe COVID-19 and MIS-A," said Dr. Sapna Bamrah Morris, lead author of the CDC report. She's an infectious disease specialist and clinical lead of the Health Care Systems and Worker Safety Task Force for the CDC's COVID-19 Response Team.
In fact, said Morris, in some cases, MIS-A patients "may have multiorgan dysfunction without [any] history of showing symptoms of COVID-19."
Many patients show no 'typical' COVID-19 symptoms
That speaks to the bewildering nature of MIS-A, Femia said. MIS-A patients are testing positive for COVID-19 antibodies, but absent classic respiratory symptoms, many had no idea they were infected. But several weeks or even months later, they suddenly end up hospitalized with serious MIS-A symptoms. At that point, they are often no longer positive for active COVID-19.
"The timing of all of this is very difficult to establish," Femia said. "We really don't know how long after an infection with COVID this can happen, because antibodies can remain positive for a couple of months. I would say that, from a doctor's perspective, our best guess is that this is likely to happen 4 to 6 weeks after infection, but it could be 3 to 4 months. We really don't know."
Dr. David Hirschwerk is an infectious disease specialist at Northwell Health in Manhasset, N.Y. "The timing of all of this suggests that MIS is driven not directly by the virus itself but by a post-infectious immunologic response that causes damage to the body," he said.
"We think that it is relatively rare," Hirschwerk added. "But we are all on the lookout for it now."
Femia acknowledged that wasn't always the case, given that in the early days of the pandemic "hospitals were overwhelmed, and it was a new disease, and this condition just wasn't on the radar, which means we honestly don't really know how many adults have gotten this."
So, who is most at risk for MIS-A? Hirschwerk pointed to the CDC finding that "the vast majority of patients with MIS-A belonged to racial or ethnic minority groups."
But, "like many things with COVID-19, it is all very new to us," he added. "It requires more study, more data and more time."
Femia agreed. But she noted that some characteristics of MIS-A are becoming both clear and worrisome. For example, "this has been seen in otherwise healthy patients, as well as among patients with underlying conditions, like obesity. So, the overall suspicion is that you probably don't need as may co-morbidities to be at risk," she explained.
"MIS also seems to be more prevalent in children than adults," she noted. "Why, we just don't know."
The good news: "It is treatable," Femia said. Apart from anti-clotting meds and aspirin, "the most consistent treatment that's given is IV immunoglobulins," which are proteins that function as antibodies. "We don't usually use that to treat acute COVID infection, but it's borrowed from treatments for other hyper-inflammatory conditions, like Kawasaki disease," a pediatric illness that causes blood vessel inflammation.
"There's a lot we don't know about this," said Femia. "And many patients will have a very difficult hospital course before they come back to health. But in the end, the majority of patients do survive."
There's more on pediatric MIS at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
SOURCES: Sapna Bamrah Morris, MD, infectious disease specialist and clinical lead, Health Care Systems and Worker Safety Task Force, COVID-19 Response Team, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta; David Hirschwerk, MD, infectious disease specialist and attending physician, Northwell Health, Manhasset, N.Y.; Alisa Femia, MD, associate professor, and director, in-patient dermatology, director, autoimmune connective tissue disease, Ronald Perelman Department of Dermatology, NYU Langone Dermatologic Surgery & Cosmetic Associates, New York City; Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Oct. 9, 2020; The Lancet, July 10, 2020
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text:
Liability for Negligence
Litigation | Negligence
The most commonly encountered civil wrong is the tort of negligence. It is a principle of law of the very widest practical application. A very significant quantity of all litigation in the courts is based on claims for negligence.
Typically, there has been some incident or accident, such as a road traffic accident, accident at work or some slipping and falling in a public place. Typically, the claim is based on bodily injury or damage to property or both e.g. personal injury and damage to car.
Negligence extends beyond such incidents and accidents to the careless performance of works or services. The types of case where are there may be a civil claim for compensation based on negligence, are prospectively broad.
In order to succeed in a case of negligence, a claimant must show the following
that the defendant owed the claimant a duty to take care;
that the defendant fell below the standard of care;
the failure to meet the standard of the care caused loss or damage and
actual loss or damage has been sustained.
A person or business is said to owe a duty of care to avoid acts or omissions which one can reasonably foresee may injure or cause loss to another person who may be affected by such want of care. The neighbour is a person so closely or directly affected by the act that, the defendant ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being likely to be affected had they considered the acts or omissions in question.
There must be a sufficient relationship or "proximity" between the claimant and defendant so that in the reasonable contemplation of the latter carelessness on his part, might injure or cause loss to the former.
These criteria are extremely broad. At one stage the Irish and English courts appeared to be prepared to extend the law of negligence to any scenario in which loss or damage might be foreseeable unless there was a good policy reason to the contrary. Both Irish and English courts have retreated from the proposition that policy should play a role.
The question now asked in novel cases is whether it is just and reasonable to impose a duty. Under the current approach, the courts do not look to extend the law of negligence in an expansive way. Instead the approach is to proceed incrementally by analogy with existing established categories of case and relationship.
Omissions and Failures to Act
Liability for negligence usually arises from a positive act on the part of the defendant. Generally, there is no liability for omissions, unless there is a special relationship between the parties. For example, it is said there is no duty to rescue. A person may walk by a drowning person, whom he may easily rescue. This is often criticised as morally reprehensible, and consideration has been given to law reform.
There are of exceptions, where there is a duty to act. Where there is a relationship of authority and dependence such as between parent and child and employer and employee there are positive duties to take action, so that failure may constitutes a breach of duty.
Where the defendant causes a danger, there is usually to a positive duty to take action to abate the danger. Failure to do so may constitutes a breach of a duty of care. Where the defendant is in controls of a process there may be a duty to warn of dangers that arise e.g. property or manufacturers of dangerous products
Where a person commences a particular task, then he must complete it competently and with due care. The general principle is that if something is undertaken it must be undertaken with due competence, notwithstanding that he would not have been liable at all if he had never commenced to act.
Proving Negligence
It must be shown that the defendant owed a duty of care to the claimant and that he has fallen below this standard of care. The standard of care is that expected from a reasonably careful man in the circumstances. The court takes account of the circumstances of the particular parties.
There is, of course, an element of retrospection and hindsight in any case of negligence. In many cases, there will be little moral or apparent fault current. Typically, where an accident has occurs it is likely that it may be attributed to some element of fault or retrospective failure to comply with due care.
In many cases, the standard of care is laid down in statute. The road traffic legislation sets out detailed obligations and duties. The Road Traffic General Bye-Laws, commonly known as the Rules of the Road will often be determined the relevant standard of care. Health and safety at work legislation set out general rules and standards in relation to workplace safety and welfare. In some circumstances, more detailed rules apply.
There is a close relationship between the law the negligence and liability for breach of statutory duty. In road traffic and workplace accidents, the claim is typically based both on negligence and / or breach of statutory duty. The statutory duty may inform the negligence standard.
The general standard of care is that of a reasonable man. This is judged by reference to the average standards in the community. If a particular danger would have been foreseen by an person of ordinary intelligence and foresight, then a duty of care will exist. Perfection is not required. However, it may be that doing one's best, is not enough, if this does not match up to the standard of the reasonable person in light of that person's capacity.
People are assumed to have knowledge of the everyday risks that a normal reasonable person would have. They are deemed to know the laws of nature, physics and the general run of things. Persons with specialist qualifications such as professionals, are expected to act in a manner that conforms to the reasonable standard of the profession concerned.
Regard is had to the particular capabilities of the person concerned. Less would be expected of an older, less mobile person, than would be expected of a younger person. A person who is disabled or less strong will not be expected to behave to a higher standard than he is reasonably capable of. The standard tests is that of a reasonable person suffering from the particular disability.
This is not to say that an incapacitated person can simply do what they like. If it is unreasonable for that person to undertake the particular act or behavior in the first place, then he may be liable, notwithstanding that he could have done nothing about it .
In determining whether the defendant has behaved reasonably, the courts will look at the following
the probability of damage or accident
the gravity of the risk
the cost of risk reduction
the social utility of the conduct
The greater the risk or probability of a loss or damage, the greater the degree of care that is required. There is less likelihood that a person will be found liable for a remote possibility. On the other hand, where there is an obvious risk such as driving at speed months near schoolchildren, greater care must be taken.
Where risk is higher, the duty to take care is higher. For example, the transport of dangerous materials requires much greater care than transporting dangerous cargo. If the defendant's conduct is socially useful, this is balanced against the seriousness and likelihood of the risk. .
The cost of reducing the risk it is relevant. If the cost of removing the risk is high and the probability of harm is low, there is less chance of liability. On the other hand, if the cost of abating the risk is relatively low and the probability of harm is high, it is more likely that negligence will be found. In one case the Supreme Court found that a racecourse did not have a duty to provide an expensive protective fence around an entire racetrack perimeter in order to prevent against the unlikely possibility of horse crashing through it.
Presumptions
The onus is on the claimant to prove all elements of his claim. However, in some cases, presumptions may assist the claimant. Where the presumption arises, then it places the onus on the defendant to show that he is not negligent.
If something is under the control of the defendant, such that an accident does not happen normally if it is managed properly, then, if an accident occurs, this may be sufficient to give rise to a presumption that the accident has been caused by the negligence of the defendant. This principle, may for example, may apply in medical negligence cases, where a person dies after a routine operation.
Where the presumption applies, it is a matter for the defendant to prove that all reasonable care had been taken. The principle will apply this when in the ordinary course of things and accident would not have occurred without negligent .. This effectively raises a presumption of negligence.
Until 1988 personal injury cases based on negligence in the High Court were held with a judge and jury. Since then, almost all civil claims are heard by a judge sitting alone. The judge finds the facts, on the balance of probabilities. This involves a determination of the most or more likely account or version of the facts claimed.
The judge determines whether negligence can be deduced from tthe established facts. He decides this with reference to how a reasonable man would have acted in the circumstances. Negligence may be inferred from the circumstances.
There is a principle that sometimes applies to the effect that the facts "speak for themselves". The principle applies where something is under the control of the defendants where an accident / injury would not occur in ordinary circumstances, if it had been managed with due care and attention. In these circumstances, where an accident / injury occurs, there is a presumption of negligence.
In circumstances, where the presumption applies,(that the facts speak for themselves), the fact that an accident injury has occurred is of itself evidence that the accident arose from want of due care. The defendant may, of course, rebut the presumption by showing that he did in fact exercise due care and attention.
The principle may for example apply where a machine or vehicle is under the control of the defendant. Management may not need necessarily be physical. It may include custody, recent custody or the right to control
If the accident / injury is such, that it would not normally happen without want of care, its occurrence may go most of the way towards providing proof of carelessness or breach of duty, even in cases outside the traditional scope of the above principle. This principle may be useful then where it is difficult to provide direct proof of breach of duty or negligence. From an evidential perspective, the facts raise and inference of negligence
By raising a presumption of breach of duty, the onus is placed on the defendant to rebut the presumption with evidence that he has not been careless. This may be appropriate in many cases where the defendant has greater resources and greater knowledge of the facts.
Negligence causing Economic loss only I
The courts have been reluctant to allow claims for liability in negligence, other than for negligent misstatements (advice or services), which cause so-called pure economic loss.
Where negligence causes personal injury or damage to property then where economic loss results as a consequence, it may be fully recovered. For example, if a person is injured and suffers a loss of earnings. This may be recovered. The reluctance to allow recovery for economic loss, appears to arise from a concern that contract law might be otherwise eclipsed by negligence.
A person giving advice in the context of a professional relationship. may be liable both for negligence and for breach of contract, This can be significant because the time limits for taking action and the amount of damages recoverable, are more favorable to the claimant in the case of negligence.
Negligence causing Economic loss only II
The courts may impose a duty of care for economic loss. There must be an assumption of responsibility by the maker or it must be foreseeable that it would be relied on, and is in fact relied on.
Generally, if a person possessed of skill undertakes to apply skill in assisting another person, then he will owe a duty of care., if they do not exercise the requisite degree of skill and loss ensues in consequence, then he will be liable to for the loss. The liability arises where the respondent knew or should have known that the claimant would rely on his skill and advice.
Liability for negligent misstatements extend beyond cases where there is a professional relationship as an advisor. There may be liability, for example, where a document is issued on which parties receiving it foreseeably rely.
Where advice is given to a group or class of people, there is less likelihood of liability. Liability is more likely when the advice is relied on by a small defined group of one or two persons. If the claimant held himself or as advising the wider class, he is more likely to be liable to persons who suffer loss
It must be shown that the incorrect statement / misstatement caused the loss or damage to the claimant. The maker of the statement must have expressly or impliedly assumed responsibility. There may not conscious assumption of responsibility but this may have be the reasonable inference from the circumstances. There is a difference between a considered statement written statement and off the cuff remarks.
If that contract excludes a particular liability, this will generally exclude liability for negligence for the same matter.
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Negligence and Economic Loss The courts have been traditionally reluctant to grant compensation for pure economic...


Mixed reality headsets seem to present a new opportunity for the Virtual Reality segment, and Samsung has taken advantage of this trend by announcing the new Samsung HMD Odyssey+, a product that stands out for a novelty in its OLED displays that eliminates the screen door effect. This is a visual artifact of displays where the fine lines separating pixels become visible on the screen. This effect hurts the visual experience, but it can also cause dizziness or nausea.
Samsung say they have solved the problem with an innovation called "Anti-Screen Door Effect (Anti-SDE) Display". This technology helps to increased the perceived resolution of the displays, and according to Samsung the user will have a perceived screen density of 1,233 PPI. The actual density is 616 PPI on a conventional AMOLED, but with the new Anti-SDE AMOLED technology that resolution promises to double virtually before our eyes.
In addition, the new Samsung HMD Odyssey+ offers support for 360° spatial sound that simulates 3D audio on the built-in headphones. The weight is 590 g and the design of the glasses is a slight variation of last year's model that offers a little more space in the protection of the eyes (146 vs 138 mm) and the nose (40 vs 32 mm). This headset includes two pre-paired controllers, 110° Field of View and 6 Degrees of Freedom (6DOF) tracking.
The new Samsung HMD Odyssey+ is available today in the United States at the same price as last year's model: $499.99. It's a pity, but at the moment this headset does not make use of that new VirtualLink connection that NVIDIA has tried to promote in its new GeForce RTX 2000 graphics family. We'll have to wait for real, independent reviews to confirm if we can say goodbye to that annoying Screen Door Effect, though.