Provided photo The Miami Valley Career Technology Center (MVCTC) Student Ambassadors visited Tippecanoe High School on Oct. 8, including Carter Ward (Graphic Commercial Arts/Ansonia), Noah Law (Auto Collision/Tipp City), and Chace Trent (Agriculture and Livestock Production/Tipp City).
TIPP CITY — The Miami Valley Career Technology Center (MVCTC) Student Ambassadors visited Tippecanoe High School on Oct. 8.
Students Ambassador's representing MVCTC included Carter Ward (Graphic Commercial Arts, Ansonia), Noah Law (Auto Collision, Tipp City), and Chace Trent (Agriculture and Livestock Production, Tipp City).
Ambassadors shared career technical training programs and college opportunities. MVCTC offers 40 career technical programs for high school juniors and seniors. MVCTC continues to prepare students for college and careers after high school. Over 85 percent of students earn college scholarships and over 93 percent of students employed, in an apprenticeship, in the military, or enrolled in college six months after graduating.
All sophomores from MVCTC's 27 partner school districts have the opportunity to select two career programs to visit at MVCTC during the annual Sophomore Career Days. This year, Sophomore Career Days are scheduled Nov. 27-29. The annual MVCTC sophomore open house scheduled for Thursday, Nov. 29, from 4:30-7 p.m.
For more information about Sophomore Career Days or visiting MVCTC, please call (937) 854-8056.
https://www.weeklyrecordherald.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/51/2018/10/web1_Tipp.jpgProvided photo The Miami Valley Career Technology Center (MVCTC) Student Ambassadors visited Tippecanoe High School on Oct. 8, including Carter Ward (Graphic Commercial Arts/Ansonia), Noah Law (Auto Collision/Tipp City), and Chace Trent (Agriculture and Livestock Production/Tipp City).


I'm pro-European and a confederalist - that's to say, pool sovereignty practically in the European Union but ultimate sovereignty is held by the nation state via reserved unanimity votes. This was why I was instinctively a Yes voter, if I lived in Scotland, plus I hate the Tories and dismiss the turncoat Liberal Demcorats. Oh to be rid of them forever. However, I drifted towards No and only at the end saw the Yes as a definite revolutionary step to shift reform into the constitution of countries in the British Isles.
However, I think we knew that the Noes were relatively silent and the 10% gap wasn't a surprise. However, we are now in a constitutional mess, and had politicians been more generous in tone we might have had a neater outcome via a Yes than we have now.
We are in a constitutional mess. David Cameron has linked the newer promised Scottish powers with English purity over those powers, probably because Tory back benchers started saying they wouldn't back the three party leader commitment towards maximum devolution.
Cameron's simplest solution won't work. Imagine a government elected on a mandate where it has an overall majority but with Scottish (and Welsh and Northern/ North of Irish too) MPs excluded on certain voting areas, the government would not command a majority and be unable to govern its domestic agenda. The government where it did have rights to bring in the Scots, Gaels, Ulsters and Celts would frustrate the finances of the domestic majority voting. So there would be a government that couldn't govern, and a domestic vote that would be held up by the government.
The problem with an English Parliament - the clean federalist solution - is that it would frustrate the people of the north whose culture is closer to the Scottish. Leave neo-liberalism to Essex, Kent and London! Regional government is an alternative, but it couldn't have the powers of the Scots.
On a historical basis we could have three English Parliaments. One would be north of the Danelaw, one south of the Danelaw and one in Cornwall. Assemblies like Yorkshire and the Humber don't make sense from the point of view of identity. Newcastle voted No and the idea was dropped.
How simpler it would have been for the Scots to be independent and then have a Council of the British Isles. We could even bring Ireland in proper, and reassure the Northern Irish, who might consider Independence and the Welsh too might see its potential. The Council would meet to agree on matters of currency, foreign policy stances and mutual defence.
Labour wants a term in office and a constitutional conversation (presumably after delivery to Scotland making the West Lothian question even more begging). If it took power, once more, it would probably introduce proper proportional representation, thus making government coalition based - but do we really want UKIP replacing right-wing Tories? Look how neo-liberal is the Scottish UKIP MEP. We almost have to devolve to an English Parliament with an English government, and then devolve again to the regions.
Better surely to have them all independent and then devolve?
If the Tories welch on the deal with Scotland because Labour won't address the West Lothian question until after the next election (the assumption being it wins because of the electoral bias, the effect of UKIP on the Tories and the demise of the turncoat Liberal Democrats), the demand will grow for another referendum in Scotland.
The Gordon Brown plan, endorsed by three leaders, could have swayed 5%. If it did, that's neck and neck for independence without it. Welch on the deal and expect another referendum. Expect the return then of Alex Salmond to say they were all cheated.
I'd be the editor of the Hull church bimonthly (i.e. once every two months) rag. It needs to be of a format and appearance for the outsider. I did a working out of 12 pages that observed the rule of odd number pages primacy and some facing pages features. Page 1 (cover) I'd have a local map and service time, simple as that. On the back page I'd put a map of the remaining eight Yorkshire Unitarian Union churches - doesn't include Doncaster and Sheffield. That's page 12. I can fill every page; indeed I could do it monthly.
Problem is, I'm too controversial. It needs a safer pair of hands, although recently one issue had some words scrubbed out and the last one was pulped because of unusual events - why it was late and a bit filled-up with web chat. I didn't know that, and it was why I offered.
So instead I've offered content. Plus I was asked to contribute an autumnal picture as a cover. I've done that, and provided various forms of content. Two of these pasttime pages have been put on my website.
No priest he and to Jean Michelle Jarre's countryman with discovery.
House bird - no! of Hugenot 'dissent'.
You can find out about Melsa online - via a very significant Latin and English book. And this minister at Nottingham had a first name Gerald.
So the crossword is one item. It's using software installed, not a website. Also using software is a great maze-maker Amaze and by processing the picture result I can make it into bendy tipsy images. The result in a .PDF incorporates a sign from the old chapel building that I have processed to be correctly horizontal and the verticals to be parallel. That sort of processing used to be expensive but now is available free and plugs into a free Irfan View. A maze is really filler. I do have some old word searches software that actually does them within shapes.
The final product of the magazine editor is 12 pages in .PDF format. The present editor does things in MS Word and then makes it into .PDF, but my .PDF would come from many software directions and then be plugged together either in page order or in 12 page booklet order, which I'm guessing here now is 1, 2, 11,12, 3, 4, 9, 10, 5, 6, 7, 8. That'll be the professional printer's order. If they're done at A4 then the conversion to A5 is easy at the printing stage, but I think one has to consider the reader's ability to see. I would thus have all text at 14 point arial to make it easier to read.
Recently updated was a piece on Liberal Catholics that was in The Inquirer but became out of date. This is an example of adding .PDF pages to others and making a new document.


Apple Inc. on Tuesday told lawmakers in the U.S. that its popular iPhones are not listening to users without consent and are not allowing third-party apps to do that either. This came after lawmakers asked Apple if the users' privacy was being invaded by the devices.
In a letter that was addressed one of the representatives who is the chairperson of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, the maker of iPhones said the company's handsets do not record audio when listening for wakeup commands for Siri and Siri does not share any spoken words.
Apple added that it requires its users to explicitly approve any microphone access and that apps need to display signals that show they are in a listening mode.
The letters followed hearings on Capitol Hill during April into the privacy practices of Facebook that included testimony by Mark Zuckerberg the social media giant's CEO.
A spokesperson for the House Energy and Commerce Committee that is a Republican majority said the two companies have thus far been cooperative. The Committee is looking forward to analyzing and reviewing their responses as the next steps are considered.
Apple wrote it removed apps from the App Store over violations of privacy but would not say if it had banned any developers. It added that it was in the hands of developers to notify the user when apps were removed for reasons of privacy.
Apple wrote that it does not and is unable to monitor what the developer does with data from the customer they collected or can it prevent onward transfer of said data, nor does the company have an ability to ensure the compliance of a developer with their privacy policies or the local law.
The maker of iPhones said its App Store generated revenue of more than $100 billion for developers the last decade. Apple told the lawmakers in the letter that it had rejected close to 36,000 apps from amongst the 100,000 submitted weekly for guideline violations.
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Opportunity awaits! Walk to Craigville and Covell's Beach! This 3 bedroom 1 1/2 bath ranch style home needs some updating but would be well worth the effort. Great location for a summer home or rental property!


We lightened up our bedding for spring in our master bedroom. It felt so good to pack away the flannel sheets and we look forward to sleeping with the windows open soon.
I am loving the combo of coral and mint this spring, so I started with that in mind. I enjoy mixing and matching fabrics for bedding, but didn't want to spend a fortune. As usual, I hit up my favorite stores like Target and TJ Maxx and choose things that I think (hope) will work together. I found the quilt on clearance at TJ Maxx (it was $30 for king size) and went from there. I then found the coral and white rectangular pillow on clearance at Target and knew I found the pop of coral I was looking for.
Next up, we were in need of some new white sheets. I love sheets that remind me of my childhood, when my grandmother would hang them on the line to dry and the sheets would feel crisp and smell like fresh air when I got into bed at night. Through the years, I learned that to get that old fashioned crisp feel, percale is the best choice. While I was at Target, I stumbled across these fabulous sheets. They are from the Threshold line and they have great reviews. They have washed up beautifully. They are crisp and cool, yet soft and smooth to the touch. I highly recommend these sheets, but I will warn you that percale is NOT wrinkle free. I am okay with that and don't mind some wrinkles in my sheets.
Over by the window seat, I added a few throw pillows from my collection to tie in with the bedding.
Now we are all set for the warmer weather in our bedroom. Do you like to change up your bedding with the seasons too?
Are you aware that you have THE MOST BEAUTIFUL BEDROOM in the whole wide world!!!!!! Seriously, I don't think even celebrities could top this!
Wow! Thanks so much for the awesome compliment about our bedroom!!
Courtney your bedroom is gorgeous. Love all the color and how bright and cheerful it is. Our bedrooms should be a sanctuary where we go at the end of a long day and yours is just that. Beautiful. Love those pillows. I too remember the days of hanging your sheets on the line and how crisp and cool they were to put on the bed. I will have to check out that brand of sheets at Target.
Looks wonderful, Courtney! Love all the fresh and cozy touches... makes me homesick... I left with flannels still on the bed and hope we'll be back while it's still crisp percale season! I really like the little bench at the foot of the bed!
Happy spring, your posts always make me smile!
If I had your bedroom I might never leave it. Love the pretty Spring look.
I love the bench at the end of your bed. I have a great black bench that I love in our sunroom. It currently holds all our granddaughters toys and books but if I have to get new furniture in there the bench will have to move. How do you like yours at the end of the bed? I'm thinking that's where I would put mine. Is it a "toe stubber"?
Thanks! I just love that bench at the end of our bed. I picked it up at HomeGoods over a year ago for our family room because we were having a party and needed extra seating. At some point soon after that, it ended up in our bedroom. I don't think we've ever stubbed our toes on it even once:) I sit on it all the time to put my socks on so it is useful too.
Your bedroom is so cozy...it has such a great personality-if a room can have that! What a score on the quilt. I will remember that about percale, I have been lucky to find 100% cotton which reminds me of my own childhood, but boy...do they ever wrinkle!! I'm loving paisley right now, too. I'm thinking of adding a few pillows and maybe pulling a color from them in a throw for my family room which is white slip covered furniture.
I wanted to ask...I'm thinking of a chaise very similar to yours for my den...a comfy place to read and stretch out. The only one I've seen that I like, which is very much like yours, is at Birch Lane. Very pricey and if I order it online, I have no way of knowing if it's solid, etc. Where did you find yours if you don't mind me asking?
Thanks so much! Yes, the percale cotton also wrinkles A LOT. It is a pain, but it is worth it for the crispy feel to me.
The chair in our bedroom is the Ektorp chair from Ikea with an Ektorp ottoman pushed up against it…so it just looks like a chaise because I have a quilt folded over the bottom. That chair is a great place to read a book and my dog also considers it his bed! We always make sure the ottoman is pushed up against the chair for him every night- spoiled dog :) Good thing it is a washable slipcover.
Gorgeous Courtney!! I love those sheets too!!! The patterns they have are awesome!! Happy Spring friend!
So beautiful Courtney! Your bedroom looks so fresh and ready for Spring and warmer weather. Now if mother nature would just get the message about that!
HI! Love your bedding! What brand is the quilt? I know you bought it at TJ MAXX but hoping maybe it has a tag on it somewhere??


This post will answer his specific questions, plus a couple of others.
The best place to start is asking first, why do you want to shoot film? Answering this question will help determine the direction you want to go with your photography.
For me, I saw film as an avenue to help me become a better photographer. Because digital frames are essentially an infinite supply, it's easy to fall into a "spray and pray" approach, whereby you put her camera in burst mode and hope you get something good from the half-dozen frames or more you fire off.
With infinite digital frames, you can often take multiple shots of the same subject using various settings and then pick the one that works best. This limits the need to think ahead, or think much at all.
Now, both of these results from the infinite supply of frames can be (and were for me) great learning aids; however, I still felt in order to get my photography to the next level, I needed to learn to slow down. I realized film could help me to think ahead, to "pre-visualize," as Ansel Adams learned to do.
Film offers a limited supply of frames. While film isn't expensive (typically less than $5 per roll, plus another $7 for processing), it's still an expense. There's either 24 or 36 frames in a roll. If you take the same approach with film that you do with digital, you can run through a roll of film in minutes if not seconds. That gets expensive quickly.
The other advantage of film in helping you slow down and think is the lack of an LCD screen. You can't "chimp" (the practice of constantly checking your LCD screen while shooting). With digital, the LCD screen will tell you if you got the shot and whether it's properly exposed (check and trust the histogram). The screen isn't a great aid in checking focus, but take enough shots, at least one of them should be sharp.
With film, you must think ahead.
In carpentry, the rule is "measure twice, cut once." With film, everything needs to be measured twice: Exposure, depth of field, focus and composition all need to be thoroughly considered.
Exposure is a practical matter (any picture is ruined by under or over exposure, and unlike shooting digital RAW, there's little latitude for post-process correction with film), but it's also a creative decision, from choosing aperture for creative use of depth of field to how light and shadows will play with the subject.
With film, I check my exposure meter multiple times, thinking through my exposure options because my goal is to snap but one frame of the subject.
In slowing down, I must be very careful with focus (it turned out actually to be a blessing a few years ago that I needed cataract surgery, returning my right eye to 20/20 vision). On my older cameras, I'm working strictly with manual focus.
When it comes to composition, again, I slow down and "measure" two times or more. I look at every corner of the frame through the view finder before tripping the shutter.
Every element of the photograph, then, with film must go through a "measure twice, cut once" process.
This kind of practice can't help but make you a better photographer.
You may have your own reasons for shooting film. It could be argued that film provides a visual appeal (no matter how many PhotoShop plugins you buy to simulate film) that you simply can't get with digital. Some will argue as well that film is inherently sharper on your in-focus areas, that digital can never be truly "tack sharp." You may think getting into film, especially larger format cameras, may be a better creative outlet for you.
Whatever your reason for shooting film, it will effect your decisions on what you buy and how you proceed.
If you don't already own a film camera, you will need to buy one.
You can still buy brand new film cameras. The advantage of new, of course, is you're getting something under warranty that should work as expected right out of the box. New can be either more expensive or cheaper than used, depending on the used model you target.
Ebay is the first place that comes to mind for buying used equipment. On Ebay you'll find the greatest selection at the greatest price variance. Other options include Craigslist and established Camera shops (both in your home town and online, such as Adorama). A camera shop can be a reliable place to buy used equipment. If you have time and patience to hunt, there are second-hand stores, garage sales, estate sales and local auction houses to consider. These are the same avenues Ebay dealers use to find their equipment, so if you know what you're looking for, you can find some good bargains.
The most practical place to shop, get a good deal and have a good camera in your hands quickly is Ebay.
Whether you want Nikon, Canon, Pentax, Minolta or some other brand, you can find an SLR to get you started.
If you have only $50 to spend, you can find a perfectly good starter film camera on Ebay for $50, with a lens.
Better cameras, such as pro-level (in their day) Nikons cost more.
But be careful. There are many dealers trying to get $500 to $3,000 for top-line Nikon cameras. You don't need to spend that much for a working Nikon F, F2, F3, F4 or F5 (all the pro cameras of their day). I paid $180 for my Nikon F and $240 for my Nikon F4 (both, body only).
Before buying any camera on Ebay, read the product description well. Ethical sellers will tell you if they've tested the camera and what they found. Most dealers selling working cameras will offer money back if it turns out it doesn't work.
There's a wide range of Nikons available. I think if you have the $200+ to spend, get the Nikon F4. It was a break-through SLR when it was released and was hugely popular with pros back in the day. It has a great auto-focus motor, is well designed and all of the controls are tactile and easy to reach.
I've seen recommendations for the Nikon F100. These seem to go from $150 and up. They were the "enthusiasts" camera of their day (like the D90 or D7000 today).
If you want to go manual focus, the Nikon F (pro) or the Nikkormat (enthusiast) are great choices. Pricing is only slightly less than the F4 or F100.
The prices I quoted above are without lenses. Getting a camera with one or more lenses will drive up the price significantly, but you're going to need to get at least one lens.
With Nikon, you definitely want to own a 50mm F1.4 (or thereabout). It's a workhorse lens, generally great, great glass and is practical to get started with. If you want more lenses than what comes with your camera, or buy a camera without a lens, read this page from Ken Rockwell on Nikon lens compatibility. It's critical to know what lenses work with your camera before making a lens purchase.
There are still drug stores around that sell film. In my town, both CVS (where I go) and Rite-Aid offer one-hour processing, so they sell film. As much as I dislike Walmart, Walmart also sells and processes film. From what I've read, though I haven't tried it, Walmart also gets beyond mere C-41 processing (more on this in the next section). I've read, for example, that you can get 120 film (medium format) processed through Walmart (I imagine they also sell it).
Retail stores typically have a more limited selection. I love Kodak's Ektar 100 color negative film, but I can only buy it online. There are about a half-dozen different C-41 films I've found in online shopping. I haven't tried them all yet, but every film has its own characteristics and best uses. You will want to experiment with a variety of films and see what you like best.
As mentioned above, there are still drug stores around that offer one-hour processing.
Typically, the one-hour shops are providing what's called C-41 processing. C-41 refers to the chemicals used in the process. There are both color and black and white films that can be processed in C-41. When you buy online, check the specs for the film. It will tell you the kind of processing required. If it says C-41 and you're going to a drug store, the film will be fine.
I've not checked to see if Walmart offers anything other than C-41. If they do, it probably requires the local store to send the film out. This will mean you won't see your pictures for a week (but slowing down is what film is all about).
The first time you go into your local one-hour shop with a roll of black and white, the staff there may tell you they can't process it. Explain to them C-41 processing. In my local store, the first time I went in I didn't know about C-41 and was initially turned away. Fortunately, a staff member came in later who knew everything about processing film in his store and he got it taken care of for me.
You will save a good chunk of change if you get your pictures back on CD without also paying for prints. Getting prints doubles the price of processing and you don't need them. My one-hour place will provide a contact sheet (or what passes as a contact sheet — they call it an index card) at no additional cost. You want to play with your photos on your computer anyway. You should leave instructions that you don't want your photos corrected for exposure or color before being transferred to CD. You'll also get your negatives back, which is kind of cool. I also ask for TIFF rather than JPEG on the disk. TIFF isn't quite like getting a RAW file, but it does give me a little more data to work with in post processing.
I would love to have my own darkroom, but the expense isn't something I can afford right now.
For a darkroom, you need an enclosed space that can be made completely and totally dark with running water and vents.
The advantages of a darkroom is you can process a wider variety of films (depending on what equipment and chemicals you want to buy and deal with). You can get beyond C-41, but you can also get beyond 35mm film.
It's also still true in the art world that the photographs that command the highest prices are of prints made by the photographer.
If you or I want to continue shooting film for many years, a personal darkroom may become absolutely necessary. Eventually the one-hour processing shops are going to go away. It's unavoidable and inevitable. I'm planning on installing a darkroom in our too-low-ceiling basement some day. The day will come where it's either that or stop shooting film (well, mail order will be an option, probably, but that will likely be expensive).
So, for anybody thinking of making the jump from digital back to film, I hope the information here proves helpful.
And if you don't know about my photoblog, it can be found at VuFindr.com.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged film, photography by Howard Owens. Bookmark the permalink.
Thank you. A fine set of notes – one more question: how much post processing do you do?
Not much. Even though I may not need to, I apply a little unsharpen mask to most shots. I might play with levels a bit, or maybe curves. The most processed photo I can think of is of the green benches on the mini golf course. The back of the front bench was a little washed out and I wanted to boost the color a bit, so I used curves for that.
The adjustments are minimal. You can simply do a lot more with a digital RAW file, so I tend to do a lot more post processing with digital.
I can heartily recommend the Nikon F100. I've used quite a new Nikons and the F100 is by far my favourite. It's particularly good for anyone moving from a Nikon DSLR as the operation and button placement is quite similar.


text:
Koreshi Chronicles - Chapter VI : Correspondence
Koreshi Chronicles - Chapter VI: How to Craft a Di...
Koreshi Chronicles - Chapter VI: Stepping Out of t...
Koreshi Chronicles - Chapter VI: All Shook Up
15 Summer, 1926
"Lyta, honey, are you going to tell me what happened, or are you just gonna scowl for the next two hours?"
Lyta tore her eyes away from the window and the speeding landscape. Ellen Cranby had already finished her cawfee, while Lyta's remained practically untouched. She blinked a few times, trying to gather her thoughts. "Sorry."
Ellen sighed. "No need to be sorry. But was it really that bad? You looked like you were enjoyin' yourself."
Lyta had spent the whole of the train ride north in a similar lounge, sitting across a tiny table from Alain Vulpei, laughing and talking. She had missed seeing him in person, she'd realized. He hadn't been joking when he said he could practically read her mind when they were face-to-face. It was just a shame he'd ruined the whole thing in the last ten minutes.
Lyta put her hands around her cawfee mug and ran her index fingers over the painted swirls. "I was," she said at last. "Until the end."
"Yeah?" asked Ellen gently. "What happened at the end?"
Lyta glanced out the window. "He said he was going away. Some sort of deep-cover mission. He won't be able to talk for a long time. Maybe ever."
Ellen put a hand on her younger companion's wrist. "Oh, honey, that does put a sour taste in the mouth."
Lyta nodded and took a sip of cawfee. For a moment, neither woman said anything.
Ellen finally leaned back. "Truth to tell, I'm surprised there wasn't a goodbye kiss." Ellen had been watching them from the other side of the lounge, keeping out of the way as promised, far enough not to hear any of the conversation but close enough to be able to catch sight of a kiss – or in this case, the lack of one.
Lyta ground her teeth. "Yeah," she said finally. "Me too."
Ellen raised an eyebrow. "What happened?"
"I wanted to. After the last time we talked, I—Well, you know what you said. I don't need to tell you. So when he said he was leaving, I was going to…" She shook her head, letting the thought trail off. "And then he said it was good that we weren't really dating, so that we wouldn't worry about each other as much."
Ellen sighed. "You sure he really cares for you like you say? Maybe he's just lettin' you down easy."
Lyta shook her head vehemently. She could feel the hot pinpricks of moisture at the corners of her eyes. "No, I know he still does. Every time we talked, he's just… I know it, Ellen!"
Ellen Cranby sighed. "Okay," she said gently.
"I don't understand. I thought it was going so well, and then…" Her fingers ran over the cawfee mug in swirls and circles. She hung her head. "Maybe I am cursed."
Ellen leaned forward. "Beg yer pardon?"
Lyta sighed, deep and heavy. "Everyone I care about dies. My parents, my adopted parents, Ti, and now maybe Alain also. I keep worrying about Lukas and Torgath, because I don't want to lose them too."
Ellen moved around the table and hugged her. Lyta let go of the cawfee mug and let herself be held, blinking back tears. Her shoulders shook.
After a while, Ellen sat down again, and Lyta rubbed her eyes with the back of her hand. She took a sip of cawfee, trying to compose herself, and Ellen busied herself with the contents of her purse, giving her space.
After a silence of five minutes or so, when Lyta had calmed down a little, Ellen cleared her throat. "Lyta, honey, did you tell Allan about this curse thing?" It was weird to hear her say the name – she pronounced it with an Anglic accent, Allan instead of Alain.
Lyta nodded. "Yeah. I guess. I mean, not about my parents, but he knows about Ti."
Ellen's face became completely inscrutable. Lyta wished she had a poker face. "What?"
"When he said it was good you two weren't really dating, was that before or after you told him that you were cursed?"
Lyta thought about it. Things had been going so well. She'd been upset when he said he was going away, of course, when he said that he might not come back from his mission. Who wouldn't be? And she remembered joking about how, after Ti had been killed, maybe she was just cursed when it came to boyfriends. And then she'd tried to lean in to kiss him, and he'd managed to dance the conversation away from her in his flowery Southern way, and then she was off the train with nothing more than a handshake, staring at it as it sped away and wondering how it had all gone so wrong.
"After, I guess," Lyta said at last.
Ellen sighed and said nothing.
"What?" Lyta asked.
Ellen toyed with her empty cawfee mug.
"What?" Lyta pressed. "What do you know that you're not telling me?"
Ellen put down the mug and looked tenderly across the table. "He was protecting you, honey," she said softly.
"He… what? No, he wasn't! He left! He didn't even kiss me goodbye!"
Ellen took Lyta's hands in her own. "He was pushin' you away so that if anything happens to him, you won't blame yourself."
"I… I wouldn't…"
Ellen gazed at her across the table. "You sure about that?"
Lyta turned away. "Okay, maybe I would."
Ellen still held her hands. "He wanted you mad at him, because bein' mad is easier than bein' worried or scared. Or, if it comes to that, regretful."
Lyta bit her lower lip. "So you're saying that all that stuff he said at the end, that was all... All a lie?"
Ellen sighed. "It was all for you. It was all so that you wouldn't suffer if anything happened to him."
Lyta pulled her hands away and buried her head in them. "I'm so stupid."
She felt Ellen's hand on her shoulder. "Oh, honey. Don't you think that way. I'm sorry I said anything. Bein' mad would have been easier. I just can't bear to see you angry like that."
Lyta was quiet for a long time. Her thoughts raced. When she finally looked up, her eyes were red and puffy. "What do I do?" she asked quietly.
Lyta sighed and let her hands drop to the table. "I mean, if he really does still care, and I still care, do I wait for him?"
Ellen shook her head. "You know I can't answer that for you. That's between you and your heart."
Lyta looked down at the table.
"I will say this, though. You met this guy, what, two weeks ago? Three?"
Lyta nodded, still not looking up. "Something like that."
"Right. Look, Lyta sweetie, if he was your husband, or your boyfriend, or someone like—" She stopped herself. Lyta could practically hear the unspoken end of the sentence, 'someone like Ti.' But she changed tack and continued. "Someone like you wanted to build a life with, that'd be one thing. Plenty of men went off in the war with their women waitin' for them back home. But this ain't like that. Nothin' happened with this Allan guy yet as far as I know. You're young, and you deserve to be happy. Everyone who knows you, we all say that. Me, your brothers, even the guy on the train you just left. You can't build your life on 'what ifs.' He comes back and you want to pick up where you left off, more power to you both. But puttin' your life on hold… I don't think that's what he wants for you."
Lyta tried to take it all in. "But he's still in love with me," she said softly.
"Yeah, I expect he is. But he's a big boy, and he knows the risks of the job as well as you. You wanna wait for him, well, that's between you and your heart, like I said. But don't do it 'cause it's what you think he wants you to do. If you wait, you do it for you."
Lyta turned to look out the window of the train. The landscape slipped past, windswept and sandy, as cloudy as her thoughts. Just once, she wished something in her life would go smooth. But it probably wasn't going to be today. "Yeah," she said softly. "For me."
Labels: dispatches , lyta , npc

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Select A Role - Select which role applies best to you - it will help us deliver the most relevant content for you in the future. Select one if you are an administrator, coach or official, player or parent.
Administrators play a vital role in sport, particularly to reduce the potential for things to go wrong. Here, you can access resources to help you manage risks in your sport.
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Coaches and officials are what make sport tick. They play a crucial role in helping keep sport safe, fair and inclusive. Here are a number of tools and resources to help you do just that.
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As a parent you should be aware of your clubs responsibilities. At the same time you also have responsibilities and you can play a huge role in creating a safe environment for your child.
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Intersex people: not invisible in sport but inadvertently excluded
There are many misconceptions and generalisations about intersex people, in sport and elsewhere in society. Often these are based on assumptions that intersex people are a homogeneous group, and an identity group, a sexual orientation or a gender identity. The reality is different, both more complex and more mundane. Regulations by international sporting bodies target some intersex women, inhibiting some people from participation in sport, but many intersex people are likely to be completely invisible across sporting codes and in amateur and professional settings. Particularly for those people that don't participate fully in sport, body shaming may be the most significant barrier.
Intersex people are born with sex characteristics that don't fit medical norms for female or male bodies, and we can suffer stigma, discrimination and medical interventions without our personal informed consent as a result1. These sex characteristics can relate to our chromosomes, genitals, gonads (such as testes or ovaries), and hormone response. Importantly, this definition (based on a widely accepted definition by UN bodies) does not specify anything about sex classifications, gender identities or sexual orientations; these all vary from person to person. The definition focuses only on what we share in common: experiences that arise from our physical characteristics.
The intersex population is extremely diverse, with more than 40 relevant genetic traits known. Because intersex traits are innate, they can be identified at any age, including prenatally, at birth or in early childhood, during puberty or when trying to conceive a child. Intersex people who are old enough to express our identities can be heterosexual or not, and cisgender (identifying with sex assigned at birth) or not2.
As the author of this article, I'm an intersex man. Like many intersex women and folks with other gender identities, I'm not directly affected by the substance of new IAAF regulations3. These essentially target women with one of a small subset of intersex variations in a small subset of athletics events where a small performance advantage is claimed. However, all of us are impacted by the regulations' focus on people with "differences of sex development", a clinical term for intersex variations, and all of us are impacted by media and institutional representations of who intersex people are.
Those representations include assumptions that birth-assigned identities are deceptive or inaccurate, and that we are not "real" women or men. Other representations suggest that we are a threat to women's sport, even though earlier IAAF regulations were suspended in 2015 without subsequent evidence for this. Misrepresentations also include assumptions that we have necessarily transitioned gender role, or that we need to, when sporting regulations have targeted women who have always been women. Some news reports have suggested that women athletes with intersex variations necessarily have, or had, testes. Some do, and sporting bodies have a terrible history of exclusion and partial inclusion4. The situation is further complicated by inaccurate reporting on trans athletes, suggesting that "XY women" have necessarily transitioned gender, when some women with intersex variations also have XY sex chromosomes. The truth of our bodies is often mundane or traumatic5. The impact of such misconceptions is profound, and this does not encourage public disclosure.
The 2018 regulations on women with intersex variations are based on limited, "sparse and mostly uncontrolled" evidence, and they have been questioned by a range of commenters for their statistical validity and ethics6. A case is now being taken to the Court of Arbitration in Sport to contest their validity.
Unlike the big name athletes that are the target of the new IAAF regulations, most people directly affected by those regulations will have received forced medical interventions in childhood that will affect their participation in sport and, potentially, their capacity for elite competition. Australian research published in 2016 identified that bullying, stigmatisation, and medical interventions during puberty affected school attendance and outcomes7.
The words we know and use to describe our bodies also vary widely, depending on our experiences of medicalisation and medical interventions, disclosure of this information to us, and also in response to stigma and misconceptions. Some people may be unaware of the word or its relevance to them, because of either the medicalised ways that their bodies have been described to them, or associations of intersex with LGBT populations8. Other people may not use the word intersex because it has borne the weight of public misconceptions about our bodies and identities, but fundamental concerns about regulations of bodies affect all of us nonetheless.
In many cases we lack access to the information and peers needed to help us form affirmative self-conceptions. Forthcoming data and recent Family Court cases have shown that children born with variations of sex characteristics have been subjected to labioplasties and clitoral surgeries without court oversight; hormone treatment may also imposed without consideration of our actual identities9. These clinical management approaches are contested, with human rights institutions describing them as harmful practices and violations of children's rights10. Intersex advocates have been raising these issues for decades11, but they remain standard12.
In many cases, sports clubs simply will be unable to know if a player has an intersex variation: it will not be obvious, the player will not know or use language around what it means to be intersex, and their variation is unlikely to have any impact on their playing ability. Having said that, some of the most significant barriers we face are about body shaming and the stigmatisation of our physical characteristics. That is, shaming and stigma based on ideas of what men should look like, and what women should look like. Whether relating to post-surgical scars, developmental delays, height, or intimate sex characteristics, body shaming is pervasive. Policy frameworks that address intersex issues as matters of personal identity will fail to address these issues.
Any guidelines limiting access to sporting events need to be evidence-based, and avoid generalisations about intersex people13. They should never pressure individuals to undergo medical interventions. Any guidelines should not assume that intersex people are LGBT, or have any particular identity, sexual orientation or gender identity. Best practice guidelines will address body shaming as a concern. Some good model policies exist, such as by the Women's Sport Foundation14. Here in our region, an Australian and New Zealand community consensus statement, the Darlington Statement, offers a good starting point to find out more about intersex people in Australia15.
Download the article references here
Morgan Carpenter
Morgan Carpenter is a co-executive director of Intersex Human Rights Australia and a graduate and PhD candidate at Sydney Health Ethics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney. He is a member of a current Australian Human Rights Commission expert reference group on protecting the rights of people born with variations of sex characteristics in the context of medical interventions. Find out more at morgancarpenter.com.
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Rare Gem: En Vogue – It's About Love
New Music Rare Gems
YKIGS	Posted on April 6, 2017
Since legendary r&b group En Vogue have been in the news recently, it's only right we take a look back on one of the group's rare gems. Take a listen to the unreleased song called "It's About Love" which has widely gone overlooked through the years.
The song, which was produced by Ivan Matias & Andrea Martin, was not included on any of the group's albums and can only be found as the B-side to the CD single of "Whatever".
Even though only three members are pictured on the single cover for "Whatever", you can hear Dawn Robinson's vocals on the song. She departed the group prior to the song being released as a single in 1997.
En Vogue has actually been in the news recently on a number of occasions. The remaining members of the group, which includes Terry Ellis, Cindy Herron, and Rhona Bennett, are planning to release a new album called "Electric Blue" this Summer.
Additionally, former member Maxine Jones is planning for the release of a book called "A Smart Girls Guide to Girl Groups" in the coming months.
Former member and lead singer Dawn Robinson hasn't been nearly as active as the rest of the group. Although she appeared on R&B Divas in 2013, she has not released solo music since her debut "Dawn" in 2002.
Tagged:En Vogue
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Mixtape: Jagged Edge "Love Potion"
YKIGS April 21, 2011
New Music: Ro James – Excuse Me
YKIGS August 11, 2018
Justina "Lord Have Mercy" featuring Denzil Porter (Remix)
Rare Gem: Mariah Carey – When I Feel It


text:
Millions of Americans have tried crowdfunding to pay household medical bills, survey finds
Updated: 12:38 PM CST Feb 20, 2020
Millions of Americans have asked others online to help support their medical bills, according to a new survey.An estimated 8 million people in the U.S. started a campaign for themselves or someone in their household, and an estimated 12 million started one for someone else, according to a news release by the research institution NORC at the University of Chicago.The findings also stated that one in five people in the U.S. reported their household contributed to a crowdfunding campaign for medical bills or treatments."As annual out-of-pocket costs continue to rise, more Americans are struggling to pay their medical bills, and millions are turning to their social networks and crowdfunding sites to fund medical treatments and pay medical bills," said Mollie Hertel, senior research scientist at NORC.Nearly half of those donations were to friends, researchers found. But more than a third were given to people the donors didn't know personally.The research involved over 1,000 adults.A 2019 study found that medical problems contributed to two-thirds of all U.S. bankruptcies.Related video: Many Americans have more than $10,000 in medical bills
Millions of Americans have asked others online to help support their medical bills, according to a new survey.
An estimated 8 million people in the U.S. started a campaign for themselves or someone in their household, and an estimated 12 million started one for someone else, according to a news release by the research institution NORC at the University of Chicago.
The findings also stated that one in five people in the U.S. reported their household contributed to a crowdfunding campaign for medical bills or treatments.
"As annual out-of-pocket costs continue to rise, more Americans are struggling to pay their medical bills, and millions are turning to their social networks and crowdfunding sites to fund medical treatments and pay medical bills," said Mollie Hertel, senior research scientist at NORC.
Nearly half of those donations were to friends, researchers found. But more than a third were given to people the donors didn't know personally.
The research involved over 1,000 adults.
A 2019 study found that medical problems contributed to two-thirds of all U.S. bankruptcies.
Related video: Many Americans have more than $10,000 in medical bills


An autonomous car (also known as a driverless car and a self-driving car) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input. Autonomous cars combine a variety of techniques to perceive their surroundings, including radar, laser light, GPS, odometry, and computer vision.Advanced control systems interpret sensory information to identify appropriate.
Temporary Car Insurance Uk And Eu Trade How To Get Your Car Insurance Quote Down Slow down the tape just before some of his ugliest. like driving a new hot rod through rush-hour city traffic without car. Here's a quote from one of my clients who wants to stay anonymous: "Since this studio is not a normal gym but a PERSONAL trai.
And it's cheap to operate. Three dollars of electricity fills up my battery, which is good for about 110 miles of mixed driving, or closer to 90 when blazing along at 75MPH on the highway.Charging time (and finding charging stations) is rarely a concern, since the car is always waiting at 100% if you just plug it in when you go to bed.


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Clubs & Ranges
State Legislators
Philly Buckles Under Legal Pressure From Gun-Rights Activists
Stephen Gutowski | Published on 1/7/2021
Philadelphians will now be able to submit gun-carry permit applications over email after legal pressure forced the city to reverse a COVID-related shutdown that created a log jam for residents.
Second Amendment advocates filed lawsuits in state and federal courts after the city delayed applications far beyond the 45-day window required by state law. Spokesmen for Gun Owners of America, which filed the state lawsuit, and the Firearms Policy Coalition, which filed the federal challenge, said the city acted out of fear of losing in both cases. Adam Kraut, FPC's director of legal strategy, said the city likely doesn't want its case to move up the federal docket and risk setting a precedent that could affect how localities handle gun-carry applications. He said the legal landscape changed in the wake of the Supreme Court's November decision to grant emergency relief to churches and synagogues that challenged some of New York's COVID restrictions.
"It's hard to imagine the Philadelphia defendants not running a new risk analysis after the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn v. Cuomo order," Kraut told the Washington Free Beacon. "Anyone in their position would have to be concerned about how the Court would view their regulatory scheme."
Neither the Philadelphia Police Department nor the office of Mayor Jim Kenney (D.) responded to requests for comment.
Jurisdictions with strict gun laws have attempted to sidestep review at the Supreme Court numerous times in recent years. Washington, D.C., declined to appeal when its restrictive gun-carry permit law was struck down in 2017 out of concern the Supreme Court would uphold the ruling. New York City also reversed course on defending a law that restricted the transport of legally owned guns. The Supreme Court declined to rule on the merits of the policy after the city abandoned it altogether.
Andrew Austin, who represented GOA in its state suit, told the Free Beacon the city opened up email applications because it was struggling to meet a self-imposed deadline for reopening in-person applications it had given to the court. He said the city's lawyers could see the writing on the wall.
"They were going to lose," Austin said. "I think what they wanted to do was just avoid [the judge] entering a judgment for GOA."
On Monday, police announced the office would reopen, ending a two-week shutdown of operations at the Gun Permit Unit. It said all previously scheduled in-person appointments would be canceled and the office would instead operate by email only—an option requested by gun-rights activists—"until further notice."
The switch to email processing, which a number of other counties in the state are also using, comes after many Philadelphians were left scrambling to get application appointments at the height of rioting in the city this summer. Several residents told the Free Beacon of busy phone lines at the permit unit. Others were told they would have to wait a year for an appointment.
"I'm not sure the city is actually trying to stomp on my rights—they may just be grossly incompetent," James Tordella, a medical supply salesman living in the city, said at the time.
After the Free Beacon published its report on the backlogs, some of those cited in the story had their appointments moved up and have since successfully obtained their gun-carry permit. The Monday announcement may result in more legally qualified Philadelphians receiving their gun-carry permits faster as lingering uncertainty from the pandemic and civil unrest heighten Americans' desires to defend themselves.
Despite the new changes, gun-rights activists said they will continue to monitor the city's permit process. Kraut said the FPC federal case will continue forward for the time being and Austin said he is looking to make sure the city doesn't find a new way to try and circumvent state law.
"Instead of making people wait to apply, they may now decide that maybe they can't comply in 45 days, which, again, the law is against," Austin said. "But it is Philadelphia, so they may try to do things that are wrong."
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text:
Neijia
Title: Neijia
Subject: Tai chi, Zhang Sanfeng, List of Chinese martial arts, Qigong, Chinese martial arts
內家
nèi jiā
Literal meaning
internal family
nei4 chia1
Wudangquan
武當拳
wǔ dāng quán
mou5 dong1 kyun4
Chinese martial arts (Wushu)
Styles of Chinese martial arts
List of Chinese martial arts
Kung fu (功夫)
Shifu (師傅)
Waijia (外家)
Chin Na (擒拿)
Fa jin (發勁)
Neigong (內功)
Neijia (內家)
Qi (氣)
Qigong (氣功)
Wushu in the world
Chen Village (陳家溝)
Kunlun Mountains (崑崙山)
Mount Emei (峨嵋山)
Mount Hua (華山)
Shaolin Monastery (少林寺)
Wudang Mountains (武當山)
Wushu athletes/practitioners
Legendary figures
Bodhidharma (菩提達摩)
Eight immortals (八仙)
Five Elders (五祖)
Fong Sai-yuk (方世玉)
Yim Wing-chun (嚴詠春)
Zhang Sanfeng (張三丰)
Li Ching-Yuen (李清雲)
Historical individuals
Yue Fei (岳飛; 1103—1142)
Hung Hei-gun (洪熙官; 1745—1825)
Dong Haichuan (董海川; 1797/1813—1882)
Yang Lu-ch'an (楊露禪; 1799—1872)
Chan Heung (陳享; 1806—1875)
Wu Quanyou (吳全佑; 1834—1902)
Wong Fei-hung (黃飛鴻; 1847—1924)
Sun Lu-t'ang (孫祿堂; 1860—1933)
Huo Yuanjia (霍元甲; 1868—1910)
Wang Zi-Ping (王子平; 1881—1973)
Chen Fake (陳發科; 1887—1957)
Yip Man (葉問; 1893—1972)
Ten Tigers of Canton (廣東十虎)
Modern celebrities
Bruce Lee (李小龍 1940—1973)
Bolo Yeung (楊斯; b.1946)
Sammo Hung (洪金寶; b.1952)
Jackie Chan(成龍; b.1954)
Yuen Biao (元彪; b.1957)
Jet Li (李連杰; b.1963)
Donnie Yen (甄子丹; b.1963)
Vincent Zhao (趙文卓 b.1972)
Wushu influence
Hong Kong action cinema
Kung fu film
Wushu (sport)
Wuxia (武俠)
Nèijiā (Chinese: 內家; literally: "internal school") is a term in Chinese martial arts, grouping those styles that practice nèijìng (Chinese: 內勁; literally: "internal strength"), usually translated as internal martial arts, occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects, as opposed to an "external" (Chinese: 外; pinyin: wài) approach focused on physiological aspects. The distinction dates to the 17th century, but its modern application is due to publications by Sun Lutang, dating to the period of 1915 to 1928. Nèijìng is developed by using "nèigōng" (內功), or "internal exercises," as opposed to "wàigōng" (外功), "external exercises."
Wǔdāngquán is a more specific grouping of internal martial arts named for their association with the Taoist monasteries of Wudangshan range, Hubei Province in Chinese popular legend. These styles were enumerated by Sun Lutang as Tàijíquán, Xíngyìquán and Bāguàzhǎng, but most also include Bājíquán and the legendary Wudang Sword.
Some other Chinese arts, not in the Wudangquan group, such as Qigong, Liuhebafa, Bak Mei Pai, Zi Ran Men (Nature Boxing), Bok Foo Pai and Yiquan are frequently classified (or classify themselves) as "internal".
1.1 Qing China
1.2 Republic of China
2 Sun Lutang
3 Training
5 Current practice
6 Fiction
Qing China
The term "nèijiā" and the distinction between internal and external martial arts first appears in Huang Zongxi's 1669 Epitaph for Wang Zhengnan.[1] Stanley Henning proposes that the Epitaph's identification of the internal martial arts with the Taoism indigenous to China and of the external martial arts with the foreign Buddhism of Shaolin—and the Manchu Qing Dynasty to which Huang Zongxi was opposed—was an act of political defiance rather than one of technical classification.[2]
In 1676 Huang Zongxi's son, Huang Baijia, who learned martial arts from Wang Zhengnan, compiled the earliest extant manual of internal martial arts, the Nèijiā quánfǎ.[1]
Beginning in 1914, Sun Lutang together with Yang Shao-hou, Yang Chengfu and Wu Chien-ch'uan taught t'ai chi to the public at the Beijing Physical Education Research Institute. Sun taught there until 1928, a seminal period in the development of modern Yang, Wu and Sun-style t'ai chi ch'uan.[3] Sun Lutang from 1915 also published martial arts texts.
In 1928, Central Martial Arts Academy (Zhongyang Guoshuguan). The generals separated the participants of the tournament into Shaolin and Wudang. Wudang participants were recognized as having "internal" skills. These participants were generally practitioners of t'ai chi ch'uan, Xíngyìquán and Bāguàzhǎng. All other participants competed under the classification of Shaolin. One of the winners in the "internal" category was the Bāguàzhǎng master Fu Chen Sung.
Sun Lutang
Sun Lutang identified the following as the criteria that distinguish an internal martial art:
An emphasis on the use of the mind to coordinate the leverage of the relaxed body as opposed to the use of strength.
The internal development, circulation, and expression of qì, the "vital energy" of classical Chinese philosophy.
The application of Taoist dǎoyǐn, qigong, and nèigōng (內功) principles of external movement.
Sun Lutang's eponymous style of t'ai chi ch'uan fuses principles from all three arts he named as neijia.[4] Similarities applying classical principles between taiji, xingyi, and baquazhang include: Loosening (song) the soft tissue, opening shoulder and hip gates or gua, cultivating qi or intrinsic energy, issuing various jin or compounded energies. Taijiquan is characterized by an ever present peng jin or expanding energy. Xingyiquan is characterized by its solely forward moving pressing ji jin energy. Baguazhang is characterized by its "dragon body" circular movements. Some Chinese martial arts other than the ones Sun named also teach what are termed internal practices, despite being generally classified as external (e.g. Wing Chun that also is internal). Some non-Chinese martial arts also claim to be internal. e.g. Aikido, I Liq Chuan, and Kito Ryu. Many martial artists, especially outside of China, disregard the distinction entirely. Some neijia schools refer to their arts as "soft style" martial arts.
Internal styles focus on awareness of the spirit, mind, qi ("energy") and the use of relaxed (sōng 鬆) leverage rather than muscular tension.[5] Pushing hands is a training method commonly used in neijia arts to develop sensitivity and softness.
Much time may nevertheless be spent on basic physical training, such as stance training (zhan zhuang), stretching and strengthening of muscles, as well as on empty hand and weapon forms which can be quite demanding.
Some forms in internal styles are performed slowly, although some include sudden outbursts of explosive movements (fa jin), such as those the Chen style of Taijiquan is famous for teaching earlier than some other styles (e.g. Yang and Wu). The reason for the generally slow pace is to improve coordination and balance by increasing the work load, and to require the student to pay minute attention to their whole body and its weight as they perform a technique. At an advanced level, and in actual fighting, internal styles are performed quickly, but the goal is to learn to involve the entire body in every motion, to stay relaxed, with deep, controlled breathing, and to coordinate the motions of the body and the breathing accurately according to the dictates of the forms while maintaining perfect balance.
The reason for the label "internal," according to most schools, is that there is a focus on the internal aspects earlier in the training, once these internal relationships are apprehended (the theory goes) they are then applied to the external applications of the styles in question.
External styles (外家, pinyin: wàijiā; literally "external family") are characterized by fast and explosive movements and a focus on physical strength and agility. External styles include both the traditional styles focusing on application and fighting, as well as the modern styles adapted for competition and exercise. Examples of external styles are Shaolinquan, with its direct explosive attacks and many Wushu forms that have spectacular aerial techniques. External styles begin with a training focus on muscular power, speed and application, and generally integrate their qigong aspects in advanced training, after their desired "hard" physical level has been reached.
Some say that there is no differentiation between the so-called internal and external systems of the Chinese martial arts,[6][7] while other well known teachers have expressed differing opinions. For example, the Taijiquan teacher Wu Jianquan:
Those who practice Shaolinquan leap about with strength and force; people not proficient at this kind of training soon lose their breath and are exhausted. Taijiquan is unlike this. Strive for quiescence of body, mind and intention.[5]
Many internal schools teach forms that are practised for health benefits only. Thus, T'ai chi ch'uan in spite of its roots in martial arts has become similar in scope to Qigong, the purely meditative practice based on notions of circulation of qi. With purely a health emphasis, T'ai chi classes have become popular in hospitals, clinics, community and senior centers in the last twenty years or so, as baby boomers age and the art's reputation as a low stress training for seniors became better known.[8][9]
Traditionalists feel that a school not teaching martial aspects somewhere in their syllabus cannot be said to be actually teaching the art itself, that they have accredited themselves prematurely. Traditional teachers also believe that understanding the core theoretical principles of neijia and the ability to apply them are a necessary gateway to health benefits.[10]
Internal styles have been associated in legend and in much popular fiction with the Taoist monasteries of Wudangshan in central China.[11]
Neijia are a common theme in Chinese Wuxia novels and films, and are usually represented as originating in Wudang or similar mythologies. Often, genuine internal practices are highly exaggerated to the point of making them seem miraculous, as in Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon or Tai Chi Master. Internal concepts have also been a source of comedy, such as in the films Shaolin Soccer and Kung Fu Hustle.
Waijia
Dantian
Neidan
Neo-Confucianism
Taijitu
^ a b Shahar 2001.
^ Henning, Stanley (Autumn–Winter 1994). "Ignorance, Legend and Taijiquan" (PDF). Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii 2 (3): 1–7.
^ Wile, Douglas (1995). Lost T'ai-chi Classics from the Late Ch'ing Dynasty. Chinese Philosophy and Culture. State University of New York Press.
^ Yip, Li (Faye) (April 1998). "Principles and Practice of Sun Style T'ai Chi". T'ai Chi, the International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan (Wayfarer Publications) 22 (2).
^ a b Woolidge, Doug (June 1997). "T'ai Chi, the International Magazine of T'ai Chi Ch'uan" 21 (3). Wayfarer Publications.
^ Francis, B.K. (1998). Power of Internal Martial Arts: Combat Secrets of Ba Gua, Tai Chi, and Hsing-I. North Atlantic Books.
^ Wong Kiew Kit (2002). Art of Shaolin Kung Fu: The Secrets of Kung Fu for Self-Defense Health and Enlightenment. Tuttle.
^ Yip, Y. L. (Autumn 2002). "Pivot – Qi". The Journal of Traditional Eastern Health and Fitness (Insight Graphics Publishers) 12 (3).
^ "Sports & Fitness Participation Report". USA Sports Participation Study. SGMA. 2007. p. 2. Retrieved 2007-08-18.
^ Smith, Robert W (1999). "Rose Li". Martial Musings. Via Media.
^ Yip, YL (Autumn 2002). "Pivot". Qi, The Journal of Traditional Eastern Health and Fitness (Insight Graphics Publishers) 12 (3).
Pa Kwa Chang Journal 1 (3) .
Fu, Wing Fay; Lai, Zonghong (1998), Fu Style Dragon Form Eight Trigrams Palms, Crandall, Joseph transl, Smiling Tiger Martial Arts .
Shahar, Meir (December 2001), "Ming-Period Evidence of Shaolin Martial Practice", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 61 (2): 359–413,
Neigong , a site devoted to original texts of Neigong, Qigong and Neijia.
Defining the Internal Martial Arts, Martial development .
Internal vs. External, What Sets Them Apart?, Shenwu .
"Neijia FAQ", Qi .
Glossary of Neijia Terms with Chinese characters, Sammasich .
A translation of a book on the subject, titled 'The Science of Nei Jia Quan', Jonathan.bluestein
List of styles
Hard and Soft
Regional origin
Unarmed techniques
Headbutt
Joint lock
Chokehold
Knife fighting
Swordsmanship
Randori
Practice weapon
Lethwei
Sanshou
Aikijutsu
Baguazhang
T'ai chi ch'uan
Xingyiquan
Full contact / Combat sports
Professional kickboxing
Knockdown karate
Self-defense / Combatives
Bartitsu
Kajukenbo
MCMAP
Eclectic / Hybrids
American Kenpo
Chun Kuk Do
Unifight
Martial arts film (Chanbara)
The Martial Arts Portal
WorldHeritage articles needing page number citations from February 2013
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2011
Articles containing Pinyin-language text
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2010
Chinese martial arts terms
Stephen Fry, Twitter, Comic Relief, Hulu, BBC Radio 4
Qi, Pinyin, Wushu (sport), Chinese martial arts, Qigong
Zhang Sanfeng
Chinese martial arts, Neijia, Qi, Taoism, Qigong


text:
A Quick History of Travelling to Australia
Gapyear03
View Profile All Posts
Written by: David Owen
The journey from the UK to Australia is a rite of passage for backpackers. As one of the longest air routes in the world, it can feel like a daunting prospect.
But it used to be much, much worse.
Discovery and Colonisation
The first European to make the journey was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1606, though arguably the first to actually land was James Cook in 1770.
It took Cook's HMS Endeavour a couple of years to get there (though he was busy along the way), at which point he promptly crashed it into the Great Barrier Reef. After some makeshift repairs, the expedition left Australia and docked at Batavia (now Jakarta), before heading home. In the seven months it took to return to the UK, 35 members of the 94-strong crew died of disease.
It's fair to say Australia wasn't exactly a holiday destination back then.
Between 1788 and 1868, some 162,000 convicts were shipped over to Australia. No special ships were built for purpose, meaning the prisoners were often crammed into decrepit cargo ships.
So many died of dysentery and other diseases in the first decade that the government was forced to provide improved health and safety, meaning convicts often had it better than emigrants booking passage on private vessels. Speaking of which…
Any emigrants to Australia in the 19th century arrived by sailing ship. Vulnerable to the vagaries of weather, the trip could take as long as four months, with top of the line clipper ships sometimes halving that to two.
Travellers in steerage (the equivalent of economy class) were housed in the lowest deck, often without light or ventilation, and were drafted for daily chores like cooking and cleaning. Disease was rife, and a fire almost certainly meant death.
By the turn of the century the journey had become a bit more comfortable. Steam ships could complete the voyage in around 40 days, and their larger size allowed steerage class small cabins.
There was also more deck space, offering richer passengers sunbathing and games. Imagine it a bit like the Titanic, but with even stricter class division and with lower odds of an iceberg fender bender.
Conditions took a bit of a step backwards in the wake of WWII, as huge numbers of displaced people flocked to Australia for a fresh start. To meet demand, troop ships were refitted to cram as many people aboard as possible. Steerage had to make do with triple decked bunks and toilet troughs.
Things improved considerably as brand new ships were built, but journey times were rarely less than a month. It was time for air travel to change all that.
1970s – 2000s
The last ship carrying emigrants to Australia made the voyage in 1977. The advent of long range aircraft cut travelling time to days rather than months, so the trip no longer needed to be a permanent move; Down Under was now a holiday destination for Europeans.
Nowadays you can expect the fastest flights from London to Sydney to take around 22 hours, with a stop along the way. That's quite an improvement in the space of a century.
It seems inevitable that within the next couple of years we'll see nonstop flights from the UK to Australia. Qantas aims to offer the route before the end of 2017. This would further cut journey time by several hours.
Which all means there's really no excuse not to start planning your gap year in Australia!
So there's no excuse not to start planning your trip to Australia!
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this skeleton scarf is something to be obsessed about!
I loved this scarf by Fabienne Gassmann since I first saw it, and finding out that someone took actually the time to chart it... it's priceless.
I'm not very good at filet crochet (I don't like to follow charts) but I might give this one a go!
have fun crocheting your way!


Dropdown values couldn't able to navigate up/down by pressing up/down keys when JAWS Software is on.
ExtJS 4.1.0 will support the 508 and ADA compliance ?
Could you please help me on the above items?
There is limited ARIA support in Ext JS 4. For more comprehensive support, I would encourage you to upgrade to Ext JS 5.1.


Begining from 1st April 2019. The new refund policy is no refunds, there can be exchange of estate or items of similar value.
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If you're visiting Vietnam for the first time or returning to take in its splendour one more time, this tour combines its most popular tourist attractions with visits to its rural areas - giving you a well-rounded experience that will stay in your memories forever.
We'll explore the city of Hanoi - watching the locals enjoying morning Tai Chi, walking through the Old Quarter and tasting all the unique flavours of Vietnamese street food. We'll hop onto a traditional junk boat to marvel at the limestone & rainforest scenery of Halong Bay, regarded by many as one the Natural Wonders of the World.
We'll take an overnight train ride and head to the majestic Hue City before visiting the port town of Hoi An, made famous by its traditional architecture, relaxed lifestyle and its villages which specialise in pottery and carpentry.
A short flight takes us to Ho Chi Minh City, or Saigon as many still call it. It contrasts from the traditional Vietnamese buildings we'll see along the way, with its towering skyscrapers, it's easy to understand why it's known as the business hub of Vietnam.
One of the main highlights of this Vietnam tour is the vintage Vespa city tour, as we explore the city on two-wheels, try the food and drinks and listen to live music with the locals.
Our final stop is visiting the Mekong Delta, spending the night with a local fisherman and his family, and attempting to catch the famous Elephant ear fish, before visiting the village market and getting some lessons in Vietnamese cooking. All roads lead back to Ho Chi Minh, where extra nights and touring options are available, or you can continue from here on our Vietnam and Cambodia Encounters Tour.
Visas fees (we can arrange a pre-registration VISA Letter for you for Vietnam, you will still need to pay for visa stamp fee upon arrival into the country (at customs check in counter) at a cost of $45 per person together with 2 passport photos. Please contact us for more information about the cost of this letter as prices vary depending on nationality.
Once you arrive at the airport, we'll meet you at the airport and take you to your hotel in Hanoi. Once settled in, we'll be briefed about what lies ahead a collection time will be arranged to get things started tomorrow.
You can choose if you want to visit Hoan Kiem Lake to watch or participate in some early morning Tai Chi with the locals.
Depending on your choice to sleep a little later or visit Hoan Kiem Lake to watch or join in on some early morning Tai Chi, we'll have breakfast accompanied by Vietnamese language lessons – to help you interact with the locals during the rest of the tour.
On the schedule today is a visit to the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, the One Pillar Pagoda and the Presidential Palace. We'll also have the opportunity to explore the Temple of Literature, built in honour of Chinese scholar, Confucius.
We'll head to the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, before travelling to Hanoi's Old Quarter to sample different street foods and taste some of the local brews, some traced back to Eastern Europe. For dessert, we'll head to Hanoi's most popular ice cream parlour for some sweet treats.
We take a scenic drive to Ha Long Bay, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and popular travel destination in Quảng Ninh Province. Ha Long Bay is made famous by its emerald waters and its spectacular scattering of limestone islands.
Here, we'll board a classic Junk boat, passing its mysterious caves dotted along the islands, before enjoying a tasty lunch on deck.
We'll visit the Sung Sot Cave – dubbed the most beautiful cave in all of Ha Long Bay before we make our way to Titov Island, where you have the opportunity to swim or relax on the beach. As the sun goes down, we'll return to the boat for a sunset party and a tasty hearty dinner. We'll spend the rest of the night listening to the natural sounds of Vietnam.
This morning, we have the choice to enjoy some Tai Chi or to head out on a photo hunt before we have breakfast on board the junk boat. We'll then kayak to the arc-shaped Luon Cave situated on Bon Ho Island. The cave looks like a natural gate with a lot of beautiful stalactites on the ceiling. The height of the ceiling ranges from 2,5 to 4 metres, depending on the tidal level, which means only small rowing boat or kayak can pass through it.
After the kayak, we'll head back to the boat as we move further along the bay, drifting past the Ba Hang fishing village and Dog Islet. Once we arrive back at the harbour, we'll be treated to a fruit carving demonstration and join a cooking class before digging into a traditional Vietnamese lunch.
We'll return to Hanoi, you'll have some free time in the afternoon. We'll provide you with a day-use hotel room before we board the overnight Reunification Express sleeper train south to Hue City.
Wake up on board today to the sight of rice paddies with their attendant farmers and water buffalo, small villages and rural farmland rushing past us. On arrival in Hue we transfer to our hotel before enjoying a private tour of this historically and culturally rich city and its ancient temples.
We'll spend the day exploring the Citadel – a UNESCO World Heritage site, before relaxing on a sunset cruise on the Perfume River as the evening ends with the sounds of traditional music. We'll spend the night in Hue City.
We'll say our goodbyes to Hue City as we head along the coastline, traversing the scenic Hai Van Pas towards the ancient town of Hoi An – located along Vietnam's central coast. It's also listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
From Hoi An, we'll visit the traditional pottery village of Thanh Ha. The big landmark is the Terracotta Village, a park and centre devoted to all things pottery. Its front garden is full of clay replicas of the architectural wonders of the world, everything from the Taj Mahal to the Colosseum in Rome.
We'll then visit the traditional village of Kim Bong, most notable for its carpentry and traditional woodworking. We'll visit the area where the build wooden fishing vessels using traditional methods. We'll then attend a carpentry workshop, where the carpenters amaze us with their craft, creating handcrafted furniture, sculptures and souvenirs.
We'll hop back onto the boat, as we make our way down the Bon River, watching the fishermen cast their lines, and if you're up for it, you can even join in.
Ancient and peaceful, Hoi An is one of the most popular destinations in Vietnam. You have a free day to explore its wonders or join in on a variety of local options, which includes a boat trip to the nearby islands, snorkeling, exploring the My Son Holy Land, visiting the markets and a bike ride. Other options include a cooking class in the Tra Que village or a tour with the local fishermen where you can learn how to cast nests, catch crabs and race basket boats.
If you're keen to do some shopping, Hoi An is famous for its tailors, so if you're looking for a new suit or dress – you'll get one professionally made in record time here!
A local Vietnam tour guide will meet you at your hotel, before we head to Cua Dai Harbour to board a speedboat to Cham Island. We'll visit Au Thuyen, a place where many fishing boats throw anchor, before heading towards the ancient temple of Hai Tang Pagoda and fishing village.
Afterwards, we'll make our way to Bac Island, where you'll have the chance to experience its rich sea life with some snorkeling and swimming before enjoying a seafood lunch.
This optional tour takes you to the evergreen countryside of the My Son Holy Land – located in a narrow valley, surrounded by springs, mountains and green, dense jungle. You'll get insight into the everyday life of the locals and the scenic landscape will provide you with lots of photographic opportunities.
You'll be given a brief introduction to the history and culture of the Indian-Hinduism influence on the Champa Kingdom before visiting what's left of a carefully-crafted red brick temple – its monuments and epitaphs unrivalled in south-east Asia.
If you're looking to take home some Vietnamese cooking tips, then this cooking class in the Tra Que Vegetable Village is perfect for you. A tour guide will collect you at your hotel before cycling to Hoi An's colourful central market to buy ingredients for your cooking lesson.
Once we have everything we'll need, we'll cycle to the Tra Que vegetable village. We'll be met with a welcome drink before being taken on a tour of the vegetable gardens where the local farmers use traditional methods to take care of their crops – no modern machinery needed here.
We'll then head to the restaurant to be introduced to the chef, who will give us a cooking master class on the traditional methods of preparing and cooking Vietnamese food, before digging into a tasty meal.
We'll cycle to the Tra Que Village, to witness how the local farmers go about their daily duties before making our way to the Hoi An Beach Dock, to board a boat to the Cua Dai Sand Dune. Here, we'll learn how to cast nets like the local fishermen.
We'll then head to the Cam Thanh Water Coconut Village, where the locals will teach us how to catch crabs, before being split up into groups for basket boat racing. Its lots of fun!
By now you may be hungry, so we'll go to a local family house to enjoy a tasty lunch, learn how to make funny tools with a water coconut leaf, before visiting a craftsman's house in the village.
We'll be transferred to the Danang Airport to board a flight to Ho Chi Minh City – formerly known as Saigon is a dynamic city that rarely sleeps and famous for the pivotal role it played in the Vietnam War.
Once we arrive, we'll have some time to settle in and refresh before exploring the city in a unique way – from the back of a vintage Vespa scooter – driven by a highly experienced driver.
We'll start at Cafe Zoom for cocktails and a few appetizers before making our way to a popular eating spot for a meal. We'll then hop back onto the back of the Vespa to experience the Saigon nightlife.
We'll make our way through Chinatown and the busy streets of District 4 – as we greet locals and enjoy some street seafood and drinks. We'll also head through District 3 and 1, marvelling at the sights of Banh Xeo and tasting its southern food.
We'll continue to a hidden Vietnamese-style coffee shop, where we'll listen to the sounds of live Vietnamese music before heading to another live music venue. All your drinks and food are included.
We'll pass the Mekong Delta as we make our way to Cai Be – a small town on the northern side of My Thuan Bridge, located two hours from Saigon, and the gateway to Vinh Long province. it's famous for its floating markets.
We'll tour the markets before boarding a private boat to explore the waterways and canals to Vinh Long, where we'll enjoy lunch at the home of a Bonsai gardener, where you'll taste the popular 'Elephant ear fish'. Once full, we'll say goodbye and head further down the tributaries and canals of the Delta.
We'll start with an early breakfast before cycling to a local village to buy some ingredients to make food for lunch. Together with the locals, we'll help to cook some Vietnamese dishes before saying "Tạm Biệt – Goodbye!" to the house owner and their children, as we head back to Saigon to relax. We'll spend the night in Ho Chi Minh City.
It's the last day of our Vietnam tour, and you have free time to relax before being transferred to the airport to board your flight back home. You can choose to do some optional activities today if you have a late flight, or if you'd like to extend your stay with a few extra nights.
This half day city tour of Ho Chi Minh takes you to its most popular tourist attractions, which includes a visit to the the Reunification Hall, the War Crimes Exhibition, a lacquer or rattan ware factory, the Notre Dame Cathedral, War Remnants Museum, Centre Post Office, Chinatown and Thien Hau Pagoda (built by the Cantos congregation in the early 19th century).
You'll also visit Binh Tay or Ben Thanh Market for some shopping.
This optional tour takes you to the 250-kilometre-long Chu Chi Tunnels – which form part of a massive war museum that offers a sneak-peek into the underground life of Vietnamese soldiers back in 1948.
The Viet Cong soldiers could move around war areas undetected by American soldiers. It is believed that Cu Chi Tunnels are built on the land known as "Land of Steel" which is located at the end of Ho Chi Minh Trail.
●Taking a rest, drinking green tea and having tapioca – the main food served during the war time.
You'll then head back to Ho Chi Minh for a rest, before heading back to the airport to board your flight home.
This optional tour takes you the best craft breweries in Saigon, as we make our way through the busy streets of Ho Chi Minh at the back of a vintage Vespa. Come and explore the unique flavours, made with local Vietnamese essences at four fascinatingly different places.
Every beer has been handpicked by a master brewer, giving you a taste of the broad range of flavours in this ever-expanding craft beer scene in Saigon. The brewers will share their knowledge with you, taking you through the entire journey of the brewing process.
Along with the craft beer tastings, each destination offers delicious food pairings, which includes pizza, gourmet tapas and a host of Vietnamese inspired bites.
You'll be collected at your hotel by a guide, who will transport you in a restored army Jeep to the The Deck – a classy restaurant and bar in Ho Chi Minh City.
The Deck is a top dining choice among affluent locals and travellers due to its romantic setting and scenic views, leaving you with unforgettable moments of Saigon. After dinner, the Jeep will be ready to get you back to the hotel, passing some of the city's landmarks.


text:
Q: DRF: How to get Users object in a get method as a Response? How can I get all user objects in get method in views.py with other models?
views.py
class WebDashboardViews(generics.ListAPIView):
    authentication_classes = (authentication.TokenAuthentication,)
    permission_classes = (permissions.IsAdminUser,permissions.IsAuthenticated,)
    serializer_class = serializers.DashboardSerializer

    def get(self, request, format=None):
        all_user_queryset = models.User.objects.all()
        if not all_user_queryset:
            total_user = 0
        else:
            total_user = all_user_queryset.count()
        total_android_user = models.UserMobileDevice.objects.filter(os="Android")
        if not total_android_user:
            total_android_count = 0
        else:
            total_android_count = total_android_user.count()
        content = {'total_user':total_user,'total_android_count':total_android_count, all_users: all_user_queryset}
        return Response(content)

I want the user object in all_users key. But I am getting an error:

Object of type User is not JSON serializable

My serializer code is :
class DashboardSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.User
        field = ['id','created_at','name']

I am not sure what I am doing here. Any help will be highly appreciated. Thanks

A: You get that error because you are trying to respond with not-serialized objects here: all_users: all_user_queryset
You need to serialize them first (I guess you have an UserSerializer, if don't, just rename your DashboardSerializer to UserSerializer because it is just what it is):
user_serializer = UserSerializer(all_user_queryset, many=True)
content = {'total_user':total_user,'total_android_count':total_android_count, all_users: user_serializer.data}
return Response(content)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Entertainment A Million Little Things Season 3 Episode 4 Every Single Update Is...
A Million Little Things Season 3 Episode 4 Every Single Update Is Here
samriddhi bisht
Saturday, 26 December 2020, 08:02 EST
A Million Little Things season 3 Episode 4 is soon going to be on air. It would be the winter finale of the series. We expected to see more than four episodes but unfortunately that's all the makers have for now. The Coronavirus pandemic has led to lesser number of episodes this fall.
What we can expect in A Million Little Things Season 3 Episode 4?
We can expect to see the characters juggling, struggling or maybe enjoying simultaneously. This episode would give a sense of where the characters lies. There wouldn't be any surprise to see Eddie having a hard time with struggles. He is getting used to his new life in new ways. There would be a lot more that you would witness in episode 4.
Official Synopsis of the plot is here:
A Million Little Things Season 3 Episode 4 synopsis below:
"the talk" – Eddie's injuries put a strain on his marriage as he secretly continues to manage the pain from the accident. Meanwhile, Rome struggles with his movie and finds an ally in Shanice; and Maggie continues her journey in England as she and Jamie grow closer than ever on the winter finale of ABC's "A Million Little Things," airing THURSDAY, DEC. 17 (10:01-11:00 p.m. EST), on ABC. (TV-14, D) Episodes can also be viewed the next day on demand and Hulu.
A Million Little Things Season 3 Episode 4- Cast:
You can expect to see the return of the old cast in A Million Little Things Season 3 Episode 4. Any new star cast addition is still unknown. But chances are less as this fall episodes come to an end with episode 4. We will keep you updated on any information regarding the same.
We can expect to see the season end here in a cliffhanger situation holding more revelations for the audience in the upcoming seasons. Till then stay tuned for more updates on the same.
Also read: Kiss Me First Season 2 When Will It Release? What Is The Cast? And Many More Information
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Writers, Eaters, Success Seekers – Should You Follow Trends?
To Follow Trends or No?
Even if I knew the names of these guys above, I wouldn't tell you. I'm just too nice of a guy.
But, if your Twitter feeds looks anything like mine, you are inundated with advice from every corner. 6 Words To Avoid When Writing a Short Story! 18 Rules for the NEW Social Media! 5 Essential Trends in Exercise Marketing! It's all hype. Most of it is the same old junk repackaged by a 'content marketing' genius. Some of it is good. Some of it bad. Most of it is mindless filler intended to get you to click your mouse. Do yourself a favor, and avoid clicking. It will be back again for you if you really think you need it.
But remember this: the tried and true – the thing that works – is a hard sell. Want to lose weight? Then consume fewer calories than you burn each day, every day. You will lose weight. It's a law of nature. But, no one wants to buy a book with that title. Want to be a better writer? Then write more. And when you are done, write even more. Write until your fingers ache. There is really no other way to improve than to do more. The now infamous guitar player Ted Nugent was asked once how to practice and improve as a guitar player. "Practice until your fingers bleed," was his advice. Who pays for this advice? Who clicks on an ad claiming that "We Will Teach You French in Only Five Hours a Day!"? No one. Ages ago my classical guitar teacher told me that I could be a good player if I would commit to practicing for eight hours a day. I still don't know if that was a compliment or a sarcastic slam.
I'm not saying that everything new is bunk. Nor am I saying that everything old is genius. What I am emphasizing is that you should invest the time to know the merits of what you're investing in compared to your long-term goals.
Llook at the sad souls here. I guarantee that they were trying to look the part. A manager or publicist told them that this is how they had to look. Go with the trends! Forget talent! Forget singing ability! Or magic or whatever they were doing. "Look the part and legions will flock to you!". And maybe they did. For a night or a month or maybe for a year. And maybe it was a fantastic year. Maybe it was worth this hideous picture. But if you are looking for something lasting, then it's tough to beat whatever has worked for the successful who come before you.