text:
1. Empowering Sustainability Leaders: Variations on a Learning-by-Doing Theme
Karen Hutchins Bieluch; Bridie McGreavy; Linda Silka; Aaron Strong; and David D. Hart
2. Building a Successful Leadership Program
Aleta Rudeen Weller; Diana H. Wall; and Nancy Baron
3. Where Living and Learning Meet: Bringing the Classroom into the City
Hilary Leighton and Ann Dale
4. Science Outside the Lab (North): A science and public policy immersion program in Canada
Kimberly John; Matthew R. Harsh; and Eric B. Kennedy
5. The Masters of Development Practice (MDP): Reflections on an Adaptive and Collaborative Program Strategy to Develop Integrative Leaders in Sustainable Development
Dave Wilsey; Glenn Galloway; George Scharffenberger; Claire Reid; Karen Brown; Nina Miller; Katherine Snyder; and Larry Swatuk
6. Supporting and Developing Competencies for Transdisciplinary Postgraduate Research: A PhD Scholar Perspective
Petra Holden; Jessica Cockburn; Sheona Shackleton; and Eureta Rosenberg
7. Climate Change and Health: An Interdisciplinary Exemplar
Shanda L. Demorest and Teddie M. Potter
8. Students as Drivers of Change: Advancing Sustainability Science, Confronting Society's Grand Challenges
Carla Carlson
9. Developing Leaders in Place: Graduate Leadership Education for a Sustainable and Peaceful Future
Kate Sheridan; Rian Satterwhite; and Whitney McIntyre Miller
10. Policy Engagement for Sustainability Leaders
Stephen Posner
11. Challenges and Opportunities for Training Agents of Change in the Anthropocene
Jessica J. Hellmann and Leah R. Gerber
12. The Key Capacities Needed to Develop Change Agents
Developing Change Agents
10 Policy Engagement for Sustainability Leaders
Stephen Posner is the Director of Policy Outreach at the University of Vermont's Gund Institute for Environment. Previously, he was Assistant Director of Policy Engagement with COMPASS
The world needs scientists to discover new knowledge and deepen society's understanding of grand sustainability challenges. Now, more than ever, society also needs scientists to connect knowledge to action, evaluate solutions, and contribute to sound policy. The ability of society to navigate sustainability challenges depends more on the application and use of scientific evidence than on the accumulation and publication of research (Evans & Cvitanovic, 2018; Sutherland, Pullin, Dolman, & Knight, 2004). Fortunately, today, many scientists are eager to do research that impacts policy. However, there remains a sizeable gap between wanting to impact policy and having the knowledge, skills, and support to effectively engage with policymakers and policy processes.
Below are two short stories that demonstrate how early career scientists can become sustainability leaders who meaningfully impact policy. In 2015, Kathy Zeller was an environmental conservation Ph.D. student at the University of Massachusetts. She attended a policy workshop through her Switzer Fellowship and learned about a potential federal bill to support wildlife corridors. She saw policy relevance in her own research, worked with professionals at the non-profit COMPASS to connect her research with policy conversations, and contributed to an effort to establish a national system of wildlife corridors. Kathy engaged in dialogue with federal policy staff about her science and the proposed bill. In meetings with the office staff of a congressman, Kathy delivered compelling science messages that linked her research with what the policymaker cared about by describing how wildlife corridors are good for biodiversity as well as agricultural productivity and recreational industries. While the ultimate outcome of the proposed legislation is uncertain, Kathy's efforts shed light on the need to protect broader, interconnected areas of public land rather than only isolated patches.
In the same year, Aerin Jacob was a postdoctoral fellow in geography and environmental studies at the University of Victoria and the Wilburforce Fellowship in Conservation Science. As part of her fellowship, Aerin attended a workshop and set a goal to do something about the lack of attention being paid to science in an upcoming national election in Canada. Aerin planned an all-candidates' debate and worked with the host of a popular Canadian science radio program to be a guest moderator. Three leading political candidates participated in a unique public discussion that gave science and technology a prominent role in policy. The debate received positive news coverage and included remote listeners and participants from around the world. One year later, Aerin led a national effort that engaged over 1,900 early career researchers and encouraged them to address the government's environmental assessment law, policy, and practices.
Aerin's initiative encouraged policymakers to recognize the value of science in public policy and also influenced her fellow citizens' thinking about science, society, and the environment during an election. Kathy's awareness of her research's policy implications and her ability to effectively communicate with policy staff transformed a federal policy dialogue to include broader, more impactful solutions. Yet, neither of them woke up one day and knew how to engage with policy processes. They received training and support in key aspects of connecting science and policy. They took time to develop goals, a sense of whom to engage, and effective action plans.
This chapter focuses on what it takes for emerging leaders to engage with the policy world and impact policy. In doing so, the importance of training, support, and connections between being a good communicator and being a sustainability leader who transforms public dialogue are emphasized. The ideas in this chapter draw from applied work that connects science and policy as well as diverse theoretical perspectives on science communication and the science-policy interface.
This chapter was written with a particular audience in mind: university faculty and staff who support early career scientists and emerging sustainability leaders. A related audience includes leaders themselves. The main goals for these groups are to 1) see policy engagement as an important way for academic scientists to address complex sustainability challenges and 2) understand key factors for successful policy engagement. The aim of the chapter is to encourage graduate students, faculty, and staff to change academic systems and institutional cultures to better support scientists in connecting their research with policy.
While emerging sustainability leaders can play key roles in linking knowledge with action when they take opportunities to engage and receive effective training and support, the incentive systems for higher education professionals do not always align with policy engagement. Thus, cultivating the next generation of sustainability leaders involves developing the capacity of programs to adapt and meet societal needs. Institutions and programs that support emerging leaders' engagement with policies can become more relevant and integrated with their surrounding social contexts (Cvitanovic, Lof, Norstrom, & Reed, 2018; Posner & Stuart, 2013). Strengthening connections between research and policy will inspire the creation of science that is more relevant to decision making and more responsive to complex societal challenges.
What Is Policy Engagement and Why Is Supporting Emerging Leaders' Engagement Important?
What does policy engagement mean? Any institution or program that supports emerging leaders' engagement would benefit from defining key terms and building a common vocabulary. This chapter uses the following terms in the following manner:
Policy means the "sum total of government action, from signals of intent to the final outcomes" (following Cairney, 2016, p. 19).
Engage means to participate and interact in a deliberate, meaningful way that opens and advances dialogue and facilitates mutual learning between scientists and policy actors.
Pathway describes an opportunity for scientists to engage.
In combination, a policy engagement pathway refers to an approach or opportunity available to scientists who aim to impact policy.
The term 'policymaker' is used in a general sense to refer to the official, elected policymakers, as well as other actors who 'make policy happen.' This includes policy staff, such as schedulers and legislative assistants, and others who influence policymakers, such as directors and senior advisors.
In general, an important quality of a sustainability leader is the ability to connect with diverse audiences beyond their peers. Leaders who are more advanced in their careers often have well-developed networks. Emerging leaders may have an appetite for broader impact, but often need support to skillfully navigate subtle aspects of the policy world. Such support could have an enduring, positive influence in the early stage of their professional careers.
Policy engagement can fundamentally affect how emerging leaders view and conduct their science. When scientists develop the ability to interact with policymakers in meaningful ways, they learn to create a more inclusive, iterative knowledge exchange (Bednarek et al., 2018). Creating more dynamic relationships between scientists and policymakers throughout the research process can foster opportunities for scientific evidence to be useful in decision making (Alberts, Gold, Martin, & Maxon, 2018; American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2017; Posner, McKenzie, & Ricketts, 2016). Scientists can benefit from engaging with policymakers by being informed about the very research questions they ask. Ultimately, policy engagement can lead to scientists and policymakers co-producing knowledge and research and further alignment of the knowledge that scientists produce and the knowledge that policymakers need (Smith et al., 2013).
Emerging leaders may have concerns about engaging with policy, such as how policy-related activities could affect their scientific objectivity. As described later in this chapter, there are many different roles for scientists to play in policy processes. Some roles involve advocating for particular solutions while others hinge on remaining more neutral. With support and guidance, individuals can thoughtfully define a role for themselves that aligns with their own personal interests, beliefs, and comfort.
Other legitimate concerns include whether engaging with policies would distract from scientific career progress or cause tension with supervisors or colleagues who have different views on policy engagement. However, many scientists agree that people with a strong science perspective are important contributors to solving societal challenges. In addition, engaging with the public sphere can improve scientific skills such as explaining complex ideas or analyzing data to answer a specific question. Policy engagement can also unlock exciting career opportunities beyond academia. For emerging leaders, a discussion with colleagues about broader impacts and the difference they would like to make in the world could demonstrate how policy engagement contributes to professional and personal goals.
While there is no guarantee that engaging with policymakers will result in better or more informed policy decisions, it could be the difference between science being part of a decision or being left out of consideration (Rowe & Lee, 2012). Cultivating the next generation of sustainability leaders to link knowledge to action is critical for the inclusion of sound science in decision making.
Planning for Policy Impact
It is not always clear to emerging leaders how to effectively work across the professional, cultural, and institutional boundaries between academia and the policy world (Bernstein, Reifschneider, Bennett, & Wetmore, 2017). Engaging with policy processes often means navigating new and unfamiliar terrain. Emerging leaders would benefit from a supportive framework for policy engagement.
A framework for institutions that value broader impacts would support emerging leaders in 1) articulating their policy goals, 2) evaluating progress toward their goals, and 3) envisioning specific actions they could take and roles they could play. In this section, these components are described in more detail. In the following sections, the importance of institutions and programs providing opportunities for emerging leaders to develop the civic competencies and communication skills that are essential to effectively engaging in policy conversation is also emphasized.
Articulating policy engagement goals lays the groundwork for success. As Aerin from the beginning of this chapter put it: "I set a goal to get Canadian political candidates to publicly discuss science, which metamorphosed into Canada's first all-candidates' debate on science." Her goal of having political candidates publicly discuss science was ambitious, yet doable. Achieving her goal provided something important that the world needed: a more public debate about the role of science in society. A key dimension of the Wilburforce Fellowship that Aerin received was supporting emerging leaders in articulating and refining their goals. Unfortunately, some academic programs do not support emerging leaders in aiming for ambitious goals that have a broader impact, in part because they deem broader impacts as tangential to, or distracting from, academic research. Programs' lack of support for setting policy impact goals leads to missed opportunities for institutions and scientists to affirm their relevance to society. A co-production model of science, whereby scientists and policymakers (or other stakeholders) jointly define goals, research questions, methods, and actionable outputs is one promising way to link research knowledge with action (Beier, Hansen, Helbrecht, & Behar, 2017).
The second component of planning for policy impact, measuring progress toward goals, is essential but often overlooked. Supporting emerging leaders in identifying indicators of successful policy engagement and evaluating their efforts helps leaders sharpen their thinking about goals. Evaluating progress requires leaders to be specific and strategic about their objectives and facilitates continuous learning (Posner & Cvitanovic, in review). Programs can provide guidance that aligns measures of individual progress with measures of institutional or program-level success.
The third component, envisioning actions and roles, is an exciting aspect of implementing policy engagement plans that deserves special attention. In the case of Aerin, she noticed a window of opportunity in an upcoming election cycle and strategically thought about pathways to accomplishing her goal. Her willingness to engage motivated her to have conversations with key people, who in turn, helped her to come up with the idea of holding a debate. She put together a team of like-minded individuals that helped do the work necessary to see the vision through. She drew support from different sources, including peer relationships that were strengthened in workshops provided by her fellowship.
In many cases, the actions of an emerging leader will define their role in a policy system. A scientist who organizes a group of people to raise awareness of an issue (such as public debate about science) serves in a convener role. A scientist who shares research findings that suggest new solutions can fill a role as a technical expert. A technical expert can also help policymakers navigate the scope of expertise that exists for an issue and point out others with relevant expertise. A scientist who analyzes possible solutions or describes what would likely occur if a particular solution were implemented plays an important evaluator role. In these ways, scientists can empower decision makers by clarifying choices, accessing expertise, and framing the scope of possible solutions.
A scientist who promotes a particular policy solution or encourages a decision maker to take a specific course of action assumes the role of advocate. Advocacy can be impactful, and the degree to which one advocates for a particular solution is a personal choice. It is important for scientists to be aware of the risks (e.g., risks to one's reputation as a more neutral stakeholder), rewards (e.g., a goal might be to sway policy outcomes), and constraints (e.g., university rules about lobbying) involved in advocacy or efforts to directly influence decision-making outcomes.
Much has been written about the roles of scientists in policy processes (Baron, 2016; Cairney, 2016; Pielke, 2003). Some feel that scientists should contribute policy-neutral information and avoid advocating personal positions (Lackey, 2006). Emerging leaders benefit from reflecting on how they would like to show up. Programmatic support that provides opportunities for self-reflection through facilitated group discussion, writing prompts, or individual advising can help leaders appreciate their own growth and evolution as they plan for impact and engage with public issues. After organizing the public debate, Aerin reflected on how, "More broadly, I see my contributions now more as part of long-term processes and less as one-off events."
Self-reflection can also help emerging leaders understand how their personal preferences, values, and strengths shape whether they are a good fit for any given opportunity. While planning for policy impact, reflective processes can also help leaders overcome barriers that may limit access to opportunities. For example, an engagement pathway may be more or less accessible depending on career stage (i.e., early career, mid-level, senior) or individual or social characteristics (i.e., gender, race, or other forms of diversity). Supportive institutional cultures based on inclusion and representation of diverse populations enrich the scientific enterprise and make it easier for individuals to navigate social barriers to policy engagement (Puritty et al., 2017).
A framework that supports sustainability leaders in articulating goals, evaluating progress, and envisioning actions and roles is a useful start but is incomplete. To deliberately impact policy, an emerging leader needs to understand key aspects of government, policy, and politics. Scientists who know how policy is made can identify opportunities for change and effectively engage with influencers, partners, and decision makers. The following suggested topics help graduate students, faculty, and staff develop the core competencies necessary to successfully engage.
Leaders who understand the fundamentals of government and how it works at different levels (e.g., federal, state, county, municipal) are more prepared to impact policy, navigate policy systems, and work in whatever levels are most appropriate for their goals. Each country has its own government structure that has a significant bearing on how a government functions. For example, in the U.S., at the federal level, it is important to be familiar with the three branches of government (executive, legislative, and judicial), what happens within each branch, and how the different branches interact. These insights allow a leader to navigate the system to find levers of change. An institution or program can train emerging leaders to be able to make sense of the networks, hierarchies, and "rules of the system." Understanding authority and jurisdiction in terms of who can do what, in which order, and why, empowers emerging leaders to effect change. It is important to note that there are also many pathways to impacting policy that are beyond government. These involve working with non-governmental organizations, civil society groups, and others to engage with policy processes.
The Role of Scientific Evidence in Policy
Policy processes are complex and messy. Scientific evidence is just one of many different types of information that policymakers acquire, scrutinize, debate, and use (or not) as a basis for decisions. Emerging leaders who appreciate how and why policymakers use scientific evidence will be less surprised by the realities of policymaking and more skillful in how they engage (Akerloff, 2018; Bipartisan Policy Center, 2018; Kenny, Rose, Hobbs, Tyler, & Blackstock, 2017). Generally speaking, policymakers often use scientific evidence to frame ideas and shape the way people see issues, build support for ideas or plans, and provide a basis for specific decisions or courses of action (McKenzie et al., 2014). Timing is a key determinant of the role that scientific evidence plays in policies. A policymaker may use scientific evidence differently throughout policy processes depending on whether people are identifying a problem, considering options for what to do about it, or implementing solutions.
The Role of Scientists in Policy
Earlier, the importance of individual leaders reflecting on the roles they can play in working towards a policy engagement goal was described. In this section, the general roles that scientists can play in policy processes are elaborated upon. A program that supports policy engagement makes it easier for emerging leaders to:
Frame the dialogue and find out which questions policymakers are asking and seeking answers to;
Define a problem and signal the need for action (for example, the distribution of a species is shifting, there are follow-on impacts to people, and current management tools are inadequate to address the situation);
Raise awareness and expand the range of options for policymakers or managers to consider; and
Clarify specific options that meet policy, management, and stakeholder needs as policy conversations shift to exploring solutions that can be implemented.
Again, timing can be a key factor. "Policy windows" are discrete windows of time that offer an opportunity to influence policy. Policy windows are frequently unpredictable, and scientists need to be able to act on short notice to take advantage of strategic opportunities to engage with decision makers. Institutions and programs can help emerging leaders respond to policy windows by foreseeing opportunities, supporting communication and framing that aligns with appropriate windows and creating new windows (Rose et al., 2017).
How Policymakers Perceive Scientists and Scientific Evidence
Science is most effective in shaping discourse and informing decisions when policymakers see it as credible (based on rigorous technical expertise), legitimate (fair, unbiased, and representative of different viewpoints), and salient (timely and relevant to the issues at hand; Cash et al., 2003; Posner, McKenzie, & Ricketts, 2016). The reputation and skill of a researcher contribute to the perceived credibility, legitimacy, and salience of the scientific evidence they produce. Personal relationships, apparent motivations, and other social and political factors also affect how a policymaker perceives scientists and scientific evidence. Effective policy engagement requires trust among science 'producers' and 'users' (Lacey, Howden, Cvitanovic, & Colvin, 2017). Institutions and programs can encourage emerging leaders to become trusted resources that policymakers turn to for information and analyses.
Long-term, Trusting Relationships
Sound, scientific evidence is necessary for policy impact but is insufficient by itself. Impact arises from people's relationship with scientific evidence. Thus, it's important for programs to support strategic thinking about whom to engage with and how. Beyond policymakers themselves, it is essential for scientists to build relationships with policy staff and entrepreneurs who track conversations and facilitate policymaking because these people can help navigate new networks, anticipate trajectories, and provide on-the-ground insights and guidance. Building relationships with people who make policy happen helps align research with policy needs, increase trust, and increase the likelihood of policymakers using sustainability research in their decision making. In this way, emerging leaders who engage with policy people can build a richer and more effective community of practice while working on complex sustainability issues.
Focus on Communication
An emerging sustainability leader will be well-equipped to make changes if they have a policy engagement plan and a solid understanding of core science-policy concepts. Adding communication skills, confidence and enthusiasm will significantly boost their capacity to impact policy. Thus, a central aspect of support for sustainability leaders is cultivating good communication.
Communication is not an add-on to science; it is central to the enterprise (Baron, 2010a; Smith et al., 2013). Effective communication enhances knowledge exchange between scientists and policymakers (Cvitanovic, McDonald, & Hobday, 2016). Honing communication skills improves an emerging leader's ability to engage with diverse audiences, articulate a vision, and "talk about their science in ways that make people sit up, take notice, and care" (Baron, 2010b, p. 1032).
Institutions and programs play an important role in cultivating good communicators. They can provide opportunities for emerging leaders to practice and hone their ability to communicate sustainability-related research to audiences beyond academia. They can also facilitate productive dialogue among faculty, staff, and graduate students about which audiences are most important to engage. Better communication of sustainability topics across traditional disciplinary boundaries in academia (including between social and natural sciences) can increase the impact of research by making it more accessible to people of all backgrounds.
The following five practical guidelines can help sustainability leaders develop top-flight communication skills. These tips and insights draw from decades of organizations such as COMPASS studying, developing, and testing science communication approaches. While these guidelines are primarily based on communicating a message to an audience, it is important to emphasize the value of two-way communication. Simply providing information to policymakers in a "linear transaction" does not necessarily lead to it being used (Beier et al., 2016). Listening to policy audiences is vital for relationships that strengthen, expand, and diversify the networks of people that emerging leaders work with to advance sustainability and coproduce solutions.
Know the Audience. Understand what the audience cares about. What matters to the policymaker that is being engaged? What is most important to them? What do they value? What are they concerned or worried about? Who are their constituents?
Frame the Message. Align and connect the message with what the audience cares about (COMPASS Science Communication, Inc., 2017). For a policymaker, this could be their agenda, their policy priorities, or the interests of their constituents. Build common ground, get to the point, and make it clear why the audience should want to pay attention. Learn to effectively frame how research can advance a particular policy conversation.
Limit the Number of Ideas. People's working memory stores a limited amount of information. Thus, any audience is likely to only remember a small number of key points that are made. Bombarding them with evidence or data can distract from the core message. Communication about complex sustainability topics is more impactful if the number of ideas focused on is limited to three to five key points.
Avoid Jargon and Distill Complexity. The message will be more impactful if the audience understands what is being said. This is especially true for written policy briefs that may only receive seconds of a policymaker's time and attention (Balian et al., 2016). Communicate at the level of expertise of the other person. Make things easy to understand for the audience. Share ideas with language that is clear, jargon-free, and simple (but not simplistic).
Tell a Story. This story would preferably be one that features people who live at an address within the jurisdiction of the policymaker. Stories can define issues, provide evidence, and describe solutions in compelling ways (Cairney & Kwiatkowski, 2017). A well-crafted story can add rich layers of meaning to data and research. For example, a story can show how the spread of an invasive plant species impacts people in surprising ways and has implications for issues a policymaker might care about such as increasing tourism, growing food, or hunting and fishing. Stories can also cultivate trust and signal positive intentions by allowing the leader to share why they do what they do.
A Supportive Framework for Policy Engagement
The emerging leaders featured at the beginning of this chapter received key support that helped them develop clear policy engagement plans, science-policy know-how, and effective communication. Institutions and programs that provide such support will foster sustainability leaders who are well-equipped to create change. Leaders can be successful in policy engagement without having a supportive framework, but they are more likely to realize broader impacts on the world if institutions provide scaffolding for policy engagement planning, science-policy proficiency, and strong science communication.
Figure 1. The Policy Engagement & Impact Process
Institutions can provide practical leadership development opportunities by partnering with organizations that specialize in this field such as COMPASS, The Alda Center for Communicating Science, The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), and professional societies. These groups provide hands-on communication and policy workshops that enable scientists to learn new approaches and hone their skills. Such experiences can provide peer support and mentorship opportunities with other leaders outside the typical academic system. Organizations such as COMPASS also work on the ground to span boundaries between science and decision making and facilitate knowledge exchange (Bednarek et al., 2018). In addition to partnerships with external organizations, many universities have robust legislative affairs offices or institutes that can provide opportunities for policy engagement at the local, state, and federal levels.
Programs that build a framework (see Figure 1) for early career scientists to engage with policymakers and policy processes show that they value public engagement and that it is important for students, faculty, and staff to think more broadly about the impacts of their research. Identifying, challenging, and supporting students who have strong qualities for successful policy engagement could, in turn, help shift the institutional culture around what is valued and supported. With better and more deliberate support for policy engagement, emerging leaders will advance both the knowledge and the action needed to overcome today's grand sustainability challenges.
Thank you to the entire COMPASS team, especially Estelle Robichaux, Meg Nakahara, Karen McLeod, Nancy Baron, and Erica Goldman for helping to shape ideas about this chapter. Also, thanks to Deb Markowitz and Taylor Ricketts for insightful comments on an earlier draft, Kristi Kremers for her deft editorial leadership, and Aerin Jacob and Kathy Zeller for sharing their stories of policy impact.
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Policy Engagement for Sustainability Leaders by Stephen Posner is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.


Every family desires a comfortable and safe home to raise healthy children. Other than providing the fundamental need of a roof over your head, there are additional safety and comfort concerns that also need to be addressed for one to achieve the status of maintaining a happy and fulfilled family life.
For seasoned parents and caregivers, when a child falls ill, it causes unimaginable strain. From worrying about their well being to unexpected medical bills and loss of valuable development opportunities. One of the most basic and simple ways to ensure that all the occupants of the household are protected from preventable illnesses, is the avid cleaning of the entire house. This is because germs and microorganisms that cause diseases thrive in dirt, particularly in the very common household dirt, dust.
Dust is characterised as really tiny particles of soil-like consistency which commonly settle either on surface tops and on floors, especially spaces at the edge of the room where the broom rarely reaches, leading to accumulation. Ever wondered where dust comes from? Well, naturally, the first culprit is good old fashioned soil particles and pollen that get blown into the house by wind from the surrounding environment. There are, however, dust causants inside the home like strands of hair that fall off during grooming, skin cells, and fibres from textile.
Nasal irritations characterised by frequent sneezing.
Postnasal congestion including chest infections that cause breathing difficulties.
Skin and eye irritation and running nose. These are mild allergic reactions that can be triggered by pollen and dust particles.
In extreme cases it can cause sinus problems and inflammation of regions of the respiratory system; this can expose younger children to risks of developing asthma and other breathing difficulties later in their lives when their young growing lungs are infected.
Here are a few tips from Hygienic Solutions Australia on how to rid the household of these disease causing dust particles and mites.
• Maintain a regular cleaning schedule of at least once a day where floor surfaces are vacuumed or mopped and surfaces wiped.
• Remove wall to wall carpeting since carpet fibres not only trap dust from the air, they also contribute to dust formation.
• Ensure regular washing of air ducts and AC systems through which air inside the home is regulated.


There is surprisingly widespread support for higher taxes on the rich. Americans have typically felt that one should keep what one earns. Many are also convinced that they will one day become rich, hence the popularity of lotteries, which reflect and help sustain that belief. Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy and Research, has argued repeatedly that the best egalitarian strategy is to remove the elements of monopoly power in the so-called free market so that incomes might be fairly distributed. I believe this argument is sound, but ending such practices as patent monopolies for drugs might be an even harder reach now than enacting a more just tax structure.
The behavior of those at the top contradicts many of the ideological defenses of this obscenely inegalitarian capitalism. Reductions in the corporate income tax have been followed by stock buybacks rather than new investments. These enrich shareholders but fail to create jobs. Manufacturers have been downsizing. Nonetheless, Donald Trump's outrageous tax reform has had the inadvertent effect of stirring closer examination of the distributional impact of federal taxes. The Trump/Republican tax cut has been so unpopular that Republicans chose not to run on it.
The quest of a just tax system is aided by the clarity and care with which it has been presented. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has explained that top "marginal rate" applies only to income above the threshold. Most progressive tax proposals apply the top rate only to incomes above several million dollars. This tax would have little effect on the high-level attorney or physician. There is so much wealth and income parked among a few at the top that sums in the neighborhood of $100 billion a year can be raised quite easily.
Even constructive policy agendas are supported in part by misleading or inaccurate arguments. Defenders have pointed out that the U.S. economy enjoyed sound and rapid growth over many decades with top marginal rates far higher than today. True enough, but during those years the tax code had innumerable deductions and credits. Any executive paying anywhere near the tope marginal rate should have fired his accountant. Marginal rates surely can safely be increased well beyond today's, but attempts to reach Eisenhower administration levels would invite a stampede to open up new deductions.
Progressives must also avoid attributing too much causal significance to tax policy. The relative success of capitalism's golden age, 1945 to 1970, depended heavily on a complex, hard to predict admixture of strong unions, infrastructure development, Cold War fears and cheap natural resources. Equally important was the willingness of some segments of capital to accept limits to its wealth and power. In addition, fiscal policy, including the willingness to engage in deficit spending on behalf of those infrastructure investments, both enhanced productivity and stimulated relatively high levels of employment.
There are, however, some bad arguments being used on behalf of this tax reform. Government does not necessarily need to raise taxes in order to finance a Green New Deal or other worthy projects. The U.S. government prints its own currency and cannot go bankrupt. It does face constraints, those being the workers, resources and technologies available. Despite all the talk of recovery, there is still much slack in the real economy. This is in part because the money from the Trump tax cut went into financial market speculation and stock buybacks. Had these funds purchased real investment in plants, worker training and new technologies we might be experiencing faster growth but more significant inflation.
If the money spent on a Green New Deal does lead to some inflation (a fate far better than unemployment), taxation of those at the top would be in order. Nonetheless, activists should not wait around for progressive taxes to fund badly needed priorities. I can imagine a scenario in which Republicans and centrist Democrats derail these badly needed initiatives as "good ideas but we can't afford them." The planet and poor and working class citizens worldwide are already paying too high a price for such procrastination.
Perhaps the most compelling argument for serious tax reform is political. The vast accumulation of wealth at the top is matched by inordinate concentrations of political power. Even before Citizens United, money was speech. A little more equitable distribution of money might also re- energize and re-legitimize our democracy.
John Buell resides in Southwest Harbor.


DAHLIA Plunge Swimsuit in Wild Lily print. Featuring a deep plunging neck line, low back and boy leg brief. Luxe Italian fabric produced using regenerated fibres from the recycling of plastics. Fabric is buttery soft and smooth and will contour to your shape. The DAHLIA Plunge Swimsuit is a timeless summer essential.
* Our prints are unique, print placement may differ to the picture shown.


John is the Amazon #1 best-selling author, IBM Ecommerce Futurist and Ebay Influencer. He is regarded as a Platinum Ecommerce Powerseller who has generated millions through online selling. John is the CEO at ColderICE Media, a Cognitive College adjunct professor and he is celebrated as one of the Top 100 Small Business Influencers in America.
Lawson is a certified customer acquisition specialist and international keynote speaker, with an absolute wealth of knowledge on all things dealing with online retailing and digital marketing. John is a pioneer in the retail vertical and founder of The Ecommerce Group, a global community of more than 6,000 Ecommerce vendors and marketers.


I got back from my 2 weeks holiday in Japan!
This time, we had to do everything what we wanted in 2 weeks, so it was really hard!
But it was perfect holiday for us!
We could see cherry blossoms in Hikone.
Cherry blossoms in Hikone and the north of Shiga bloomed a bit later than other Kansai area because of the meltwater from the mountains.
I was satisfied with it as I could show my partner Japanese Cherry blossoms and Japanese castle.
I wish we could have an picnic under the cherry blossom!
But still we could see some and we had Sakura Mochi (Japanese sweet with cherry leave) .
We enjoyed the Spring time in Kyoto.
I really think that I'm so lucky that my parents live near Kyoto.
We didn't go anywhere else, we just enjoyed in Kyoto.
but we still had some of famous places to visit.
I waited to visit those places for Spring to see cherry blossoms.
Specially Hushimi Inari Shrine (Photo) was amazing.
It was so close to my home, but I had never been there.
My partner had Green Tea Ice Cream EVERYDAY.
so that he finally decided to make it by himself....!!!
He bought green tea powder for it.
Almost his souvenir was Green Tea Chocolate.
We went to Osaka too.
And, Osaka is the origin place of Japanese savoury pancake called Okonomi-yaki which is my partner's favourite.
He was so impressed when he had a real Okonomi-yaki.
It was so soft and tasty........ I wish they have a branch in London!
It was a really fantastic 2 weeks.
I'm still with jet lag and afterglow from Japan.
I'll show my photos from Kyoto, including nice cafes and cute stuff, little by little.
↓ MoccocuさんでThe Mad Vintage、絶賛発売中! Click here for the rankings!


The DTR series consists of two transformer units to transform the low-impedance output of your amplifier into a 100 V line driver. Not just by optically matching our other products perfectly: The DTR comes along with many other features. The loop-trough-output as well as the isolated 4 and 8 Ohms, 50, 70 and 100 V output makes this transformer unit suitable for all types of installations, even if you need to mix large "normal" speakers with low-power 100 V ceiling speakers. Serving the highest technical stadard the DTR comes in two versions, a 200 W model and a 1200 W model.Together with REF series the DTR200 is the perfect match for small installations in e.g. restaurants, small bars or a hotel lobby. In combination with the DSPNET4002H the DTR1200 will provide 1200 W of power and will provide a high quality public address system to e.g. sport arenas or large public buildings.


In order to request and schedule the use of district facilities please view our full policy by clicking here.
The user shall be fully responsible for all loss or damage to District property, including property of students and employees. It is further understood that the group renting the facility will have to secure commercial liability insurance and provide a copy of a Certificate of Liability Insurance with Monroe Local Schools listed as an additional insured. This certificate should include the following: Each Occurrence $1,000,000, Damage to Rented Premises $300,000, Medical Expense $5,000, Personal and Adv. Injury $1,000,000, General $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate, Products – Comp/OP Agg $3,000,000. This certificate must be in place prior to first rental occurrence and the dates on the certificate must coincide with all of the rental dates.
Once you review the policy and requirements please complete and return the usage form. The Facility Usage Request form can be found here.
A copy of the Facility Usage Request form and a copy of your Certificate of Insurance listing Monroe Local Schools as additional insured for the date(s) of your request must both be submitted before we will review with our event and facility schedule to consider confirmation of the dates.
Facility usage requests should be made to Jesse Catanzaro, Director of Personnel and Business Operations for Monroe Local Schools at jcatanzaro@monroelocalschools.com.


text:
Rukirabasaija Sir George David Matthew Kamurasi Rukidi III was Omukama of the Kingdom of Toro from 1928 until 1965. He was the eleventh (11th) Omukama of Toro.

See also
 Omukama of Toro

References

External links

1904 births
1965 deaths
Columbia University alumni
People from Kabarole District
Toro
Toro people
Ugandan police officers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Monochrome and minimalist, a calming space filled with natural materials and subtle tones or a riot of vibrant colours? Whatever your style, immerse yourself in our extensive collection of coordinating Clissold Bathroom Accessories and create the bathroom of your dreams.
The bathroom is one of those areas that can become easily cluttered, but with the help of some basic accessories you can pull a design together and put any previous eye sores to rest.
A new matching toothbrush holder, soap dispenser, pedal bin and toilet brush holder will create a modern look with minimal effort. Finishes such as copper, white or grey will blend in easily with any décor and give the room some structure. Replacing old laundry baskets, bath mats and towels will give your bathroom some new life and a fresh appeal.
Additional bathroom storage is a great way to create even more space, our eco bamboo range will certainly turn some heads whilst keeping all your bathroom commodities in check. Are you going for the urban look? This can be achieved with the help of some planted vases which will turn your bathroom into a mini jungle.


text:
Q: How to Customize the View of AutoCompleteTextView in Android? I have AutoCompleteView where the user can search for other users. User is a custom object which consists of id, name. AutoCompleteView is controller by UsersAdapter. UsersAdapter handles setting the view of User Object in the suggestion. How do I set the AutoCompleteView to Search on the User name? I mean, autocomplete should work based on the username.

A: You should use the addTextChangedListener on your AutoCompleteTextView.
After, use one of 3 methods provided to call another function which will treat your list which contains usernames.
Here an example :
recherche.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher()
    {
        @Override
        public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i2, int i3)
        {

        }

        @Override
        public void onTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i2, int i3)
        {
            if (charSequence.length() > 1)
                searchSuggestions(charSequence);
        }

        @Override
        public void afterTextChanged(Editable editable)
        {
        }
    });

For the "search" method, you can find many examples, in my case, that's linked on a BDD, so I use an asyncTask, but if you already have a list stored, use the match function.
Hoope it helps.

A:    mAutoCompleteTextViewStart = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.etsource);
  mAutoCompleteTextViewDestination = (AutoCompleteTextView) findViewById(R.id.etdestination);
   final ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
      android.R.layout.simple_dropdown_item_1line, mStringsStreet);
    mAutoCompleteTextViewStart.setAdapter(adapter);
   mAutoCompleteTextViewStart.setThreshold(1);
   mAutoCompleteTextViewDestination.setAdapter(adapter);

   <AutoCompleteTextView
        android:id="@+id/etsource"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_margin="3dp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:hint="Start"
        android:maxLines="2"
        android:padding="4dp"
        android:textSize="12sp" />

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Rockwell by Legacy Homes in the Millard school district! 4 bedroom, 3 bathroom, 2 story with a finished basement, and upgrades galore! This home features wood floors in the entry, kitchen, breakfast nook and 1/2 bath on the main floor, upgraded cabinets with a pull out trash, quartz countertops and s/s appliances. Bathrooms also have quartz countertops! Sprinkler system and sod will be complete as soon as weather allows. 2X6 exterior walls with 95% efficient furnace. All homes are third party energy tested to ensure efficiency.


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The gentian is a perennial plant that is found in grassy areas of the Himalayas and the Alps. The root of this plant takes up to 10 growing seasons to mature. The potential of this herb for therapeutic use was first introduced to the world by the king of ancient Illyria, and two thousand years since its discovery, it continues to be an essential medical herb.
It is one of the bitterest herbs out there. The gentian root, when dried and matured, has medicinal properties that aid in the treatment of a number of medical concerns.
Gentiana is a great herb for treating a variety of digestive problems, such as an upset stomach, the loss of an appetite, overeating, diarrhea, intestinal gas, bloating, heartburn and vomiting; it stimulates the digestive tract and treats stomach disorders. When used in conjunction with other herbs, it helps clear sinuses and symptoms associated with a sinus infection.
The gentian root applied directly onto the skin helps treat and heal wounds and potentially cancer.
Other uses of gentian root is for high blood pressure, fever, hysteria, muscle spasms and for treatment of parasitic worms, killing germs, and stimulating the start of the menstrual cycle.
To help clear sinuses, take a product containing gentian roots, European elderflower, cowslip flower, sorrel, and verbena and consume three times in a day. This combination of herbs decreases swelling and soothes the symptoms of sinus infection.
Gentian roots can be prepared as tea, tonic, and tinctures. To make tea, take the dried, chopped roots of gentian and add a teaspoon into the kettle. Boil for approximately 20 minutes. To counteract the bitter taste, combine with other herbs or honey.
Use a gentian root supplement and add a few drops into water to drink after every meal will help stimulate the digestion of food. This extract can also be directly applied to skin for treatment of wounds and tumors.


FirstHandWeb wants to be an interactive creative web design gallery helping lots of people find their daily inspiration. At this page you can contact us with advices and opininons about the site via the form below.
Please keep in mind that this form is not for site submission or advertising.


DUV/RKY is a Landstar agent for freight dispatching and recruiting. DUV represents the freight part of our business while RKY is our domicile or recruiting part of our Landstar agency. Landstar is based in Canton, Ohio at Gulliver's Truck stop. We have 500 loyal following owner operators from across the country.
How can RKY help me as a new Landstar BCO?
As your dwelling Landstar agent, we're here to help you become successful as a Landstar owner operator, not just a freight mover. Viewed as one of the top driver-friendly recruiting agencies in Landstar, we will help assist you step-by-step through the recruiting process. We also help provide you with long-term support after you decide to sign on with Landstar. In fact, we even have a retention expert to help you as a new BCO giving you individual attention after finishing orientation. Remember, you're independent, but never alone.
Of course we couldn't have achieved all this without the dedication and loyalty of our drivers in addition to the top-level support provided by our staff.
Here is a list of why Landstar is considered a state-of-the art trucking agency.
Top recruiting agency with Landstar.
2-time consecutive Agent of the Year award winner in Landstar history.
Best Buy's top on-time percentage IB, from vendor to DC, seven of the last eight years.
Payless Shoe Source top IB from DC to pool point, six of the last seven years.
SC Johnson's Top Five Performance.
Family Dollar – Awarded an "A" on our scorecard.
Dollar General – Awarded an "A" on our scorecard.
How can DUV help me as a new Landstar Owner Operator or Fleet Owner?
The staff at DUV will help you maximize your revenue without having to drive more miles. DUV will also teach you how to properly use the tools such as Landstar's Lane Match Feature to help reduce fuel costs and deadhead. In fact, DUV has partnered with several other agencies matching up freight to keep your truck moving, reduce your deadhead, and reduce sitting time, resulting in making more money.
If you're thinking about joining Landstar give one of our recruiters a call at 877-441-9128 or fill out our short application to get the process started.


text:
Artificial IntelligenceCryptocurrencyMetaverseCybersecurityTech Forward
Tech ·venture capital
Exclusive: Vista Equity buys controlling stake in AlertMedia
BYAaron Pressman
March 10, 2021, 2:45 PM UTC
Our mission to make business better is fueled by readers like you. To enjoy unlimited access to our journalism, subscribe today.
The pandemic has fueled the growth of online services startups, particularly those related to health care and emergency services.
AlertMedia, which helps companies send warnings to employees about dangerous situations like tornadoes and active shooters, saw its number of customers increase nearly 50% last year. Now it's selling a controlling stake to investment firm Vista Equity Partners to fund further growth.
CEO and founder Brian Cruver says he plans to expand the company internationally and into new segments beyond the industries it has already targeted, like transportation and retail. "We're taking what were our plans for the next five or 10 years and doing them in two or three years," he says.
Cruver and Vista declined to discuss terms of the deal, though a source familiar with the matter says the investment totals $400 million. The Austin-based company has previously raised about $60 million in venture capital from investors including Silverton Partners and JMI Equity. Austin's startup scene was hit hard during the pandemic, but it could make a strong comeback once the disease subsides, as Texas is gaining businesses from California, including Oracle's and Hewlett Packard's headquarters.
AlertMedia offers an emergency communications dashboard that helps customers send rapid messages to any or all employees during emergencies. If a wildfire threatens a factory in California, for example, a company could send warnings just to employees of that plant over text messaging, emails, automated phone calls, and other communications methods.
Customers pay a monthly fee based on the number of employees and where those employees are located. A typical customer with 1,000 worldwide employees would pay $15,000 to $25,000 a year. AlertMedia has 2,500 customers with employees in 130 countries, including Coca-Cola, DHL, and Walmart. Smaller customers range from golf courses to zoos to nursing homes.
AlertMedia is adding a new premium service that involves sending companies reports about potentially risky situations, known as threat intelligence.
Other small startups in the workplace-alert market include San Francisco–based Regroup, Konexus in Boise, and Klaxon Technologies in the U.K. Larger software developer Everbridge offers an alert service more like AlertMedia's product.
Cruver says the idea for the company came to him in 2013 as he witnessed events like the Boston Marathon bombing and the Newtown School shooting. Government officials released information slowly to the public, while ordinary people stepped up by using social media to alert neighbors about local dangers.
"If you really wanted to know what was going on, you went to Facebook and Twitter," Cruver says. "It felt like a shift to me in the way the crowd was sourcing the information."
But Cruver's idea was not to rely on Twitter or other public social media for issuing alerts. Instead, AlertMedia uses modern communications tools to share information privately among workers. "Social media is the Wild West," he explains. "We're using social media–like private channels."
During one year early in his career, Cruver worked at energy-trading giant Enron before it went bankrupt. He ended up writing a book about what he witnessed, Anatomy of Greed, that was later made into a movie. The experience informs his approach as CEO, as he seeks to create a company culture that's the "anti-Enron," he says. "The mission should be a positive for society," he says.
In a typical crisis, an AlertMedia customer can use the system to warn employees and track the responses back from the workers as they indicate whether they are safe or in danger.
During the pandemic, customers have been using the system to help with the return to working in person. Companies can use the survey tool to ask employees coming to the office on a particular day whether they've had any symptoms or close exposure. If an employee tests positive, the system can warn those who've had close contact to quarantine.
AlertMedia's growth and usefulness during the pandemic caught the attention of Vista, a $73 billion investment firm that focuses on software, data, and technology companies. "With the COVID-19 pandemic, protecting the health and safety of employees while maintaining the ability to serve customers in a crisis has become an organizational imperative and competitive advantage," Ryan Atlas, managing director at Vista, said in a statement.
(Correction: This story was updated on March 10 to correct that a typical customer would pay $15,000 to $25,000 per year.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Brian Keeler has been periodically teaching residencies at area high schools as a rostered artist through the Pennsylvania Council on the Arts (PCA) since 1998. Those members of high school art faculty that are interested in pursuing his portrait, landscape or still life painting workshops should contact the artist at bkeeler@epix.net. For more information on the program, contact Brenda Thomas at the Bradford County Regional Arts Council (BCRAC) in Towanda, PA at brenda@bcrac.org or info@bcrac.org.
Brian, on occasion, has given weeklong painting intensives in the figure and landscape in his hometown or during weekend workshops for various art clubs.
Along with these he offers lectures on Renaissance art and his experiences painting and traveling in Italy.
Over years he has conducted numerous ten day and two week long painting workshops and cultural tours in Tuscany, Umbria as well as visiting many other cities with the group. For info on the next trip please cal the artist at 570-746-1187 or bkeeler@epix.net.


text:
Charlotte (N.C.) Motor Speedway | North Carolina Education Lottery 200 Race Recap
Team: No. 22 GO TEXAN | AM Technical Solutions Chevrolet Silverado
Driver: Austin Wayne Self
Follow the Team: @AMRacingNASCAR; @AustinWSelf
Start: 15th (Qualifying draw)
Finish: 19th Running (134 | 134 laps completed)
Driver Points Position: 21st (+2 positions) | Owner Points Position: 25th (+1 position)
Austin Wayne Self Quote: "Felt great to be back in our AM Racing truck at Charlotte. We worked through the night to get our No. 22 GO TEXAN | AM Technical Solutions Chevrolet Silverado better through the third stage.
"A lot of positives with the truck at the end of the race and we can take what we learned and move forward to the next couple of races at Atlanta and Homestead."
Next Up: VetTix | Camping World 200 at Atlanta (Ga.) Motor Speedway on Sat. Jun 6, 2020, at 1:00 p.m. (ET) live on FOX Sports 1 (FS1) | Motor Racing Network and SiriusXM Satellite Radio NASCAR Channel 90.
For more on Austin Wayne Self, please visit awsracing.com, like his Facebook page (Austin Wayne Self) or follow him on Twitter @AustinWSelf.
For more on AM Racing, please visit AMRacingteam.com, like their Facebook page (AM Racing) or follow them on Twitter @AMRacingNASCAR.
About GO TEXAN:
GO TEXAN is a widely recognized brand. It represents a diverse collection of people, products and services that are genuinely Texan. Whether it's grown, sewn or served on a plate, more than 26 million Texans shop, travel and dine out in full support of Texas business and agriculture.
Consumers make buying decisions based on the prestige of GO TEXAN, a desire to support the Texas economy and the value received from buying local.
About AM Technical Solutions:
Headquartered in Austin, TX, AM Technical Solutions was founded in 1994. AM Technical Solutions is a Global Architecture, Engineering & Construction firm specializing in the high-tech markets. AMTS has managed over $20B of global capital projects for over 170 different customers in 24 countries and across five continents.
For more information, please visit amts.com.
About AM Racing:
AM Racing is a NASCAR Gander RV & Outdoors Truck Series (NGROTS) team owned by entrepreneur Tim Self.
Established in December 2015, AM Racing is headquartered in Statesville, N.C. Operated by Self, a native of Austin, Texas, the team is prided on faith, honesty and intelligent performance.
The team has named Austin Wayne Self as its driver for the 2020 season.
© 2021 AM Racing Team | All rights reserved | All Photos By Barr Visuals


The Trump administration, as portrayed in an recent Axios piece by Sam Baker is more than quietly revolutionizing Medicaid, it is reducing membership in the safety net payor through administrative gates, work requirements, and enforcing premiums as low as $1. Readers note: Medicaid has historically not charged premiums and this action reduces membership by adding additional barries. Additionally, most billings activities are more expense than the revenue gained. These efforts have one goal - reduce the number of individuals on Medicaid. While the Obama administration was not opposed to these elements there were often deployed in tandem with coverage expansions.
Believing that Medicaid is a critical component to keep underserved populations covered - we support clients to maintain coverage wherever possible. We do this by identifying and staying in front of administrative information mis-matches (no member should lose coverage because of returned mail), calculating household size and acuity to align with state-specific rules, and staying ahead of state Medicaid agencies.


text:
O DACC (Diretório Acadêmico da Ciência da Computação) mantém este repositório.

## Lista de Contribuidores

- Bruna Cunha de Oliveira
- Federico Jansen de Oliveira
- Felipe Marques Megale
- Geyson Inacio de Souza Junior
- Gustavo Henrique Gomes de Araújo
- Hernani De Barros Vieira Junior
- João Paulo de Castro Bento Pereira
- Marco Antônio Ramos Cardoso Braga
- Paulo H. Souza
- Ygor Matheus Lacerda de Melo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
National and Global Politics
National and Global Business
National and Global Real Estate
How to Plan Your Marketing
Miami Beach Times
AllLocal PoliticsNational and Global Politics
United Nation's COP25 Starts with Highlighting Oceans and Sea Level Rise
Southeast Florida Regional Climate Leadership Summit Returns to Key West
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The Miami Beach Times is Closed for Business After a Year…
U.S. Airports Take Steps to Mitigate Flooding and Adapt to Sea…
FEMA Flooding Risk Rating 2.0 Update is Delayed Until October 1,…
NOAA to Give $30 Million to Mitigate Effects of Flooding and…
AllLocal Real EstateNational and Global Real Estate
Urban Land Institute Reports on Miami's Urban Waterfront Resiliency Efforts
Study Recommends Florida Building Code Changes to Reflect Sea Level Rise
Miami Beach Breaks Ground on the Mid-Beach Beachwalk Phase 3 Project
AllArt and CultureFilmFoodMusic
'Disruptions' by Art Basel Cities: Buenos Aires Arrives at Miami Beach's…
Finding the Coolest Places to Party for Art Basel and Miami…
North Beach Holiday Annual Boat Parade Returns to Miami Beach on…
Exploring Some of the Best Art Fairs During Miami Art Week…
Miami Beach Nightlife Guide for Thursday, December 12, 2019
Miami Beach Nightlife Guide for Saturday, December 7, 2019
Miami Beach Nightlife Guide for Friday, December 6, 2019
Miami Beach Nightlife Guide for Thursday, December 5, 2019
Miami Beach Nightlife Guide for Wednesday, December 4, 2019
Exploring the Best Cocktail Bars While Visiting Miami Beach in 2019
Virgin Trains' Brightline Aims to Link PortMiami to Orlando and Disney…
Miami Beach Offers Free Beach Chairs and Umbrellas to Senior Residents
Finding the Best Places to Paddleboard Around Miami Beach
The 2019 Thanksgiving 'Turkey Trot Miami' Runs on Thursday, November 28th
Miami Beach Hosts 2nd Annual Celebrity Soccer Match on Saturday, November…
Miami Beach Rowing Club Offers Access to Sport and the Indian…
Miami Beach Hosts the 2019 ITF Young Seniors World Tennis Championships
Home Politics National and Global Politics San Francisco Bay Area Aims to Work with Nature to Absorb Sea...
San Francisco Bay Area Aims to Work with Nature to Absorb Sea Level Rise
The idea for San Fransisco Bay's 400 miles of shoreline is to absorb rising seas, rather than repel.
Theresa Pinto
By Theresa Pinto, Contributing Reporter
MIAMI BEACH, FLORIDA – In the San Francisco Bay Area this past week, policymakers released a 255-page plan to adapt the area to sea-level rise. More notably, the San Francisco Bay Shoreline Adaptation Atlas had an unusual subheading not often implicated in municipal master plans: Working with Nature to Plan for Sea Level Rise.
The idea for San Fransisco Bay's 400 miles of shoreline is to absorb rising seas, rather than repel, photo by Santa Clara Valley Water District.
The plan was put together by the San Francisco Estuary Institute and the San Francisco Bay Area Planning and Urban Research Association. It will be funded by the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, although no costs have been established as of yet.
The idea is to absorb rising seas, rather than repel, by dividing San Francisco Bay's 400 miles of shoreline into thirty "Operational Landscape Units" to develop into nature-based shorelines. Under the Atlas, 18,000 acres have already been acquired for restoration and the goal is to restore 100,000 acres in total.
The Atlas uses nature-based approaches to build resiliency in hopes that this will perform better than traditional infrastructural fixes, perhaps cost less, and bring along with it multiple "co-benefits."
Some projects are already underway, like the Giant Marsh in North Richmond, which incorporates a sloping tidal system that starts with oyster shell mounds.
"The Bay Area is ground zero for sea-level rise," said Warner Chabot, executive director of the Estuary Institute, who predicted the atlas would become a national model.
Chabot told the San Francisco Chronicle, "We have a trifecta threat of sea level rise, groundwater rising and lowland flooding from extreme weather patterns, and that guarantees a soupy shoreline future for the Bay Area."
Much like the San Francisco Bay, Biscayne Bay is also facing existential threats from sea-level rise. However, Miami has two priorities when it comes to building ecosystem-level resilience to sea-level rise; the restoration of the Everglades and protection of the Biscayne Bay.
From the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to the Village of Key Biscayne, many agencies are involved in both seagrass and Everglades restoration. Key Biscayne has contracted with private firm CSA Ocean Sciences Inc to restore seagrass in their part of the Bay.
The Department of Environmental Resource Management completed a study in January on seagrass die-off in order to launch restoration efforts in the Bay as part of county-wide resiliency efforts.
But none propose the nature-based efforts in the Atlas and none instill the collaborative efforts that see the Bay as one continuous ecosystem rather than several distinct municipalities.
Additionally, Florida's limestone foundation is considerably different from what lays under the San Francisco Bay, ecologically and physically.
Maybe not so different in theory from the porous landfill that San Francisco is built on, but San Francisco can't remove or create a "living shore" out of its seawall infrastructure, which keeps the landfill under parts of the city completely dry.
However, seawalls on Miami Beach won't keep rising seas from coming up through porous limestone or intruding into the region's drinking water table.
What is clear is that both cities have experienced 8 inches of sea-level rise since 1950. The Southeast Florida Sea Level Rise Workgroup forecasts 6-10 inches more for Miami Beach by 2030.
The sense of urgency in both areas is palpable, but it remains to be seen whether the trajectories each city takes in dealing with sea-level rise will be similar or vastly different.
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Theresa Pinto is an environmental biologist and law student who is writing local environmental politics, business and real estate for us.
U.S. and European Satellite in Joint Mission to Monitor Sea Level Rise
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Tariffs Are Here – Now What To Do?
For the past decade, lighting has undergone a remarkable renaissance through the introduction of LED technology. Until now, this rapid transformation has brought unimagined benefits to businesses and consumers, from significant advancement in performance to continuous product availability and cost. While it's human nature to take this progress for granted, the recent tariff disputes between the United States and China shine a new light on the delicate balance between delivering high value products to the American consumer while simultaneously addressing the potential of increased cost for those products.
If you're an electrical contractor, facility manager or building owner in charge of purchasing LED luminaries, the next several months will be challenging. The prices of LED products entering the country from China could increase; performance and quality of lookalike products could decrease; and availability of all products could fluctuate. Education and preparation will determine how your business is affected by the LED lighting tariffs.
First Wave – 10 Percent Tariffs – If you're just catching up, "list 3" of U.S. tariffs on thousands of products originating from China began on Sept. 24 and include LED luminaries. While the prospect of potential tariffs on LED luminaires was known, many lighting retailers were caught off guard both by the timing and by the increase in tariffs from 10 percent to 25 percent beginning April 1, 2019. The more prepared organizations worked proactively to secure inventory at pre-tariff costs for customers and address the larger looming 25 percent tariff. Left unaddressed, that increase is significant enough to disrupt every aspect of the LED lighting market. So, what are manufacturers and retailers doing to prepare?
Second Wave – 25 Percent Tariffs – Many lighting companies and retailers have already begun to raise prices on LED luminaires. However, based on lessons learned from the first wave of tariffs, the more proactive manufacturers and retailers were already working with their suppliers to unpack the impact of the 25 percent tariffs on their business. Short-term actions include increasing inventory prior to April 1. While somewhat costly for manufacturers and retailers, doing so protects electrical contractors and their customers. It's also cheaper and less disruptive than waiting for the 25 percent tariffs to take effect.
Essentially, these companies are in a better position to defer market disruption for a few months, buying time for a potential resolution between the U.S. and China or for longer term strategies to become effective. As that inventory dwindles, prices will likely increase if the increased tariffs go into effect and buyers can expect to see changes beginning as early as March 2019.
Hoard inventory. As much and as often as practical, we encourage contractors to review their orders. If you have known and consistent demand, stock up on product from a trusted retailer. Make sure you have the right product and right price. It's better to buy at a known price versus a moving target after April 1.
Speak with your suppliers. Ensure quotes are written correctly and give you reasonable price protection over time. What might cost $3.00 today (under the 10 percent rule) may cost significantly more after April 1.
Protect yourself with your customers. Make sure cost adjustments and potential market price changes are taken into account during the quote and build process. Provide an option to modify your pricing should the market price change for you.
Quality control. When speaking with a supplier, make sure the quality, consistency and price that you need for a build haven't been compromised. While not acceptable, companies may substitute and source inferior product to meet a target price and ensure better profits.
Stay informed. Your best protection is knowledge. Gathering publicly available information will be imperative to understanding market forces that may impact your business.
Tariffs are changing the LED lighting landscape. While understandable attention is focused on potential price impacts to electrical contractors and consumers, it's important to focus on all scenarios (positive and negative) and develop a plan for moving forward.
This is as much an opportunity for your business as it is a hardship to handle. Those who stay educated, develop trusted sources of supply, and transparently communicate with their customers can not only reduce the effect of increased prices on their business, but also protect customers and improve the overall prospect of success for the business.


Wow, amazing pictures last time! I enjoy them so much more, knowing I am not there. Honestly: I don't need snow anymore.
When I was young my Grandmother would make an ice rink for me on the frozen ocean. We would light a million candles on edges of the icy skate way, and it felt like a magical night and I will never forget it. She made snow a part of my fondest childhood memories and thats enough.
I'll tell you more: In the summer she covered the bottom of a canoe with pillows. I would lie on my back and look at the sky and we would glide into a bed of reeds and all I heard was the ocean and sometimes she would sing.
THE BOY. smiles like one has never been hurt.
She always had strawberries for me and we would eat them on the porch on summer mornings from teacups and I always ate with a golden fork. Sometimes she let me climb on the roof and I felt like she trusted me.
She put me into a wheelbarrow with a down blanket and and pushed me around in the forrest and we looked for flowers and bugs and she always called everything beautiful, like bugs and worms and insects and she taught me how to really look at things.
She bought a microscope and we looked at plants, and spit and dirt and lipstick and cotton and everything we could find. And then she would change the order of every single piece of furniture in the house and she would say that change is good for a person and I believe to this day that she was right.
I wore her silk scarves, lipstick and cocktail jewelry and no clothes and ran around the yard naked and she made me ankle bracelets out of yellow flowers and always warned that the rocks were slippery. She was always worried I would fall over and now she's old and she is always worried she will fall over and I hold her hand when we walk.
We filled small see-through plastic bags with glitter and water and they looked like those glass domes with "snow". She had the glitters in old medicine bottles and there were at least 20 different colors and they were my favorite thing in the world for a very long time.
She tamed a family of swans. They made a nest and brought the whole family over and they were not afraid of her. Every day they came for food and not only that year but they remembered and she waited for them, and they returned every spring for a few years. I really think she loved them and one year when they did not come anymore we knew something had happened.
When my grandfather died she put a single feather that one of the swans had dropped, on the coffin. I cried.
She called me Mii and made me feel like I was more special than anyone in the world and we did things that you read from a Astrid Lindgren books and think no one really does.
She is funny and fierce and beautiful and has stories for days, she has seen the war, rode horses, played the accordion and piano, had a million admirers (I have seen the love letters) and I miss her. We listen to records, smoke cigarettes, read her old journals and every time I have a nap and her smell reminds me of the days by the ocean.
Tosi kaunis kirjoitus, ensi kertaa jäi kuvat katsomatta. Ne pitää katsoa nyt uudestaan ihan erikseen.
Kukaan ei varmasti lue tätä miettimättä omia isovanhempiaan. Toivottavasti joku saa kimmokkeen soittaa mummulleen/papalleen. Isoäiti oli viimeinen elossa oleva isovanhempani ja kuoli viime keväänä -täytyy myöntää, että kun luin tämän töissä, piti mennä naistenhuoneen puolelle kuivaamaan kyyneleet.
Kiitos, ja kyl, toivon myos etta ihmiset musitaisi isovanhempiaan. Tan luettuaan tai muutenkin vaan. Vaikka ne olisi kuollutkin niin pida muakana!
TOSI HYVÄ TEKSTI! niiku tos aikasemmin kirjotettii et jäi kuvat vähemmälle. MUT SIT KATOIN KUVII JA NE ON IHAN TÖRKEEN HYVIN ONNISTUNU!
Nyt kun katson noita kuvia, niin nehän sopii tähän todella hyvin. Tuollainen avara tyhjyys, josta tulee kaihoisuus ja toisaalta taas vanhat autot, joissa on omat viehättävät elämäntarinat ja voi vaan kuvitella, mitä niissäkin on koettu. BRAVO!
I really love the concept of this blog.
Sleepless in la la land.
The Neon Light Grave Yard.


text:
L'hélice à supercavitation est une variante d'hélice de propulsion dans l'eau, où on utilise activement la supercavitation dans le but de gagner en vitesse en réduisant la friction. On utilise ces hélices à des fins militaires, sur les bateaux de course de haute performance ainsi que sur les de bateaux de course modèle.

Cet article fait une distinction entre une hélice à supercavitation et une hélice à sous-cavitation fonctionnant dans des conditions de supercavitation. En général, les hélices à sous-cavitation deviennent moins efficaces lorsqu'elles fonctionnent dans des conditions de supercavitation.

Fonctionnement
L'hélice à supercavitation fonctionne immergée, où tout le diamètre de la pale se trouve sous la surface de l'eau. Ses lames sont en forme de coin afin de forcer la cavitation au bord d'attaque et aussi afin d'éviter le frottement de la pellicule d'eau sur toute la face avant. Comme la cavité s'effondre loin derrière la lame, l'hélice en supercavitation évite l'effritement causé par la cavitation, un problème rencontré avec les hélices conventionnelles.

Une alternative à l'hélice à supercavitation est l'hélice à surface perforée ou ventilée. Ces hélices sont conçues pour laisser l'eau intentionnellement et entraîner l'air atmosphérique à remplir le vide, faisant en sorte que la couche de gaz résultante sur la face avant de la pale d'hélice est constituée d'air et non de vapeur d'eau. Cette conception utilise moins d'énergie. L'hélice à surface perforée bénéficie d'ailleurs généralement d'une traînée plus faible que le principe de supercavitation. Comme l'hélice à supercavitation, l'hélice à surface perforée possède des pales en forme de coin. Les hélices peuvent être conçues pour fonctionner à la fois en mode supercavitation et en mode surface perforée.

Albert Hickman (1877–1957) fut au début du  siècle le pionnier de cette technologie, ainsi que d'autres technologies de navigation en mer à grande vitesse. Ses conceptions Sea Sled utilisaient une hélice à surface perforée.

Voir également

 Coque cathédrale

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Damned by Faint Praise, article dans Wooden Boat sur Albert Hickman
 Biographie d'Albert Hickman

Construction navale


text:
Language-learning startup Duolingo looks to grow Seattle-area office in 2019
by Kurt Schlosser on March 14, 2019 at 12:52 pm March 14, 2019 at 1:26 pm
(Duolingo app screen shots)
Duolingo, the language-learning startup headquartered in Pittsburgh, has operated a small outpost near Seattle in Bellevue, Wash., since last summer and now plans to grow its team there in 2019.
According to the company, there are eight employees working out of a WeWork co-working space at 10400 N.E. 4th St. in Bellevue, including a few engineers.
"In our ongoing effort to hire the best talent at Duolingo we've established an office in Seattle and plan to grow our headcount there by 8-10 new hires in 2019," Duolingo VP of People Christine Raetsch told GeekWire. "We've found the quality of candidates from Seattle to be outstanding. We're currently filling open positions in engineering, product management and design."
Duolingo's presence is notable because rival language-learning company Rosetta Stone, based in Arlington, Va., also has a Seattle office, and employs 30 people.
Duolingo is one of Pittsburgh's hottest startups. With 150 total employees, 300 million users and valuation reported at $700 million, it now offers 75 language courses for 30 distinct languages, and its lessons still remain free.
Duolingo CEO and co-founder Luis von Ahn in his company's Pittsburgh HQ in February 2018. (GeekWire photo / Taylor Soper)
GeekWire got the inside story on Duolingo's mission and ambitions from co-founder and CEO Luis von Ahn during our month-long GeekWire HQ2 project in the Steel City last year. Among the highlights from our interview:
Bill Gates is a big fan of von Ahn, who made a trip to Seattle last year to meet with the Microsoft co-founder and talk about Duolingo. Gates tried to recruit von Ahn for a job at Microsoft Research years ago. "He understood that I wanted to own what I did," von Ahn recalled. "I said, 'I'm sure at Microsoft I can do really cool stuff but I want to own what I do.' He said, 'I can't argue with that.'"
von Ahn also offered his take at the time on Rosetta Stone in which he said at the time that Duolingo's product was superior to Rosetta Stone and he blasted his rival's price point and marketing push, among other things. The comments even drew Rosetta Stone CEO John Hass to respond in the story comments.
Duolingo is the latest out-of-town tech company to set up shop in the Seattle area. This week, fast-growing logistics startup Flexport opened its own Seattle office after raising a $1 billion investment.
Writer and editor Kurt Schlosser covers the Geek Life beat for GeekWire. A longtime journalist, photographer and designer, he has worked previously for NBC News, msnbc.com and the Seattle P-I. Follow Kurt on Twitter or reach him at kurt@geekwire.com.
Seattle Police Foundation raises money from tech industry for equipment, training, civic programs
Facebook aims to unite 700M gamers on its platform with new gaming section
Filed Under: Tech Tagged With: Duolingo • language • luis von ahn
Beyond the yellow box: Rosetta Stone reinvents itself with help from growing Seattle team
Techstars grad Adaptilab raises $1.8M to help companies hire machine learning talent
WeWork footprint hits 1.7M square feet in Seattle as co-working giant continues torrid growth in 2019


text:
Position: Candidate for the U.S. Senate ( MA )
Kevin O'Connor does not have a record and public positions on issues important to the Jewish community. This page will be updated once Mr. O'Connor presents his positions.
Kevin O'Connor is challenging Senator Ed Markey in the race for Massachusetts' Senate seat.
Kevin O'Connor is a lawyer. A graduate of Boston College Law School, O'Connor has served on the executive committee of the Boston Bar Association (BBA) Council. He co-chaired the BBA's business litigation committee and is a founding member of the BBA's diversity and inclusion committee. He is a longstanding fellow of the Boston Bar Foundation.
From 2011 to 2020, O'Connor was a partner at the Boston-based law firm Hinckley Allen. He was also a partner at Dwyer & Collora LLP, Wolfblock LLP, and Testa, Hurwitz & THibeault LLP. He is the former managing partner and co-founder at Paragon Law Group. O'Connor's bid to represent Massachusetts in the U.S. Senate is his first run for elected office.
Do you support Candidate for the U.S. Senate Kevin O'Connor based on the positions on these issues?


the advertising and marketing industry lacks all types of melanin, that's not a secret. It seems like brands are more interested in appropriating black culture than they are employing black people. but what they don't understand is, you can't create solutions for a target you neglect to employ. but if we are going to hold these brands and agencies accountable for bringing more people of color to the table, we gotta make sure that we are equipping our own to be successful in that room, ya know? so for all of those college aged people of color and recent graduates who are looking to break into the marketing and advertising field, this one is for you. i purposefully didn't include application deadlines or links to the websites—if something interests you, do your research.
established in 1998 to address the lack of diversity in the advertising, marketing and public relations fields. It provides scholarships, career development workshops, professional development, mentors and internships to african american/black, american indian/native american, asian american/pacific islander and hispanic/latino undergraduate and graduate students. internships consist of on-going, hands-on communications experience and training for at least a three-month period.
connects the advertising industry with the nation's top multicultural college seniors and provides opportunities to recruit fresh talent to help the advertising and media workforce better reflect the diversity of today's society. the program takes place over four days and includes professional development workshops, agency visits and a recruiter's expo.
provides 10 paid internships in communications to undergraduate students of color during the summer immediately following their freshman, sophomore or junior year of college. their mission is two fold; to give highly motivated minority students, who could not afford to take non-paying summer internships, a chance to get career-building experiences in top communications companies while earning needed money for college and to help companies to identify, recruit, and maintain a more multicultural workforce.
leads an industry evolution by providing the highest quality, diverse talent and to provide the advertising industry with unparalleled, developed diverse talent. in addition to a full-time paid internship, maip fellows participate in a series of agency tours and agency sponsored professional development workshops and seminars, which provide a deeper dive into the various advertising and media disciplines.
dedicated to identifying and nurturing the next generation of leaders in the advertising, marketing, media, and public relations industries. it offers sponsorship to attend the adcolor conference & awards, career training through adcolor university, as well as short and long term mentorship.
bootcamp experience geared toward investing in the exposure, training and mentorship of the next generation of talent. founded in 2007, the marcus graham project is a network of diverse professionals that have found passion in our purpose – developing the next generation of thought leadership within the media and marketing industry.


Tropical Storm Bonnie over the Bahamas July 22, 2010.
Bonnie is barely a tropical depression in the Gulf of Mexico and the storm with winds near 30 mph (50 kph) is not expected strengthen as it heads toward the site of the blown-out oil well.
Forecasters with the U.S. National Hurricane Center said Saturday that Bonnie was hanging on as a depression, but the storm was not expected to change strength before the center reaches the coast.
The center of Bonnie came ashore Friday near Cutler Bay, about 20 miles south of Miami. It moved into the eastern Gulf and was about 165 miles (265 kilometers) east-southeast of the mouth of the Mississippi River at 11 a.m. EDT Saturday.
Forecasters say they have canceled a tropical storm warning from Destin, Fla. to Morgan City, La.
Bonnie is moving west-northwest near 17 mph (28 kph).


text:
Vauvillers (picardisch: Veuvilé) ist eine nordfranzösische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Somme in der Region Hauts-de-France. Die Gemeinde gehört zum Kanton Ham und ist Teil der Communauté de communes Terre de Picardie.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt rund vier Kilometer nördlich von Rosières-en-Santerre in der Santerre. Das Gemeindegebiet erstreckt sich im Norden bis zur Autoroute A29 und im Süden über die Départementsstraße D337 von Harbonnières nach Chaulnes, an der die Häusergruppe La Maison Rouge liegt.

Geschichte
Im Gebiet von Vauvillers wurden Spuren gallo-römischer Besiedlung gefunden.

Die Gemeinde, die im Ersten Weltkrieg teilweise zerstört worden war, erhielt als Auszeichnung das Croix de guerre 1914–1918.

Einwohner

Verwaltung
Bürgermeister (maire) ist seit 2001 Annick Marechal.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Die auf das 12. Jahrhundert zurückgehende Kirche Saint-Éloi (Teile seit 1926 als Monument historique klassifiziert).

Weblinks

Ort in Hauts-de-France
Träger des Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (Ort in Frankreich)