Further details are available (content list, platform and distribution options) on the product page at for-eternity-game.com and on our Dev-Blog.
"For Eternity - Imhotep's Children" actually started as a game jam game by our main developer. It was based very loosely on the theme that was given.
It's initial design was inspired by Sierra's city-builder series, especialy the game "Pharaoh". One of the most notable differences is that "Pharaoh" is made in 2.5 D, while our game is a full 3D game with 360 degrees of rotation. There are some mayor and minor differences but the core-gamplay is quite similar.
The feedback was overwhelmingly positive. So we made the decision, that this was something worth pursuing. After a deep dive into the project made during the jam we came to the conclusion that it was a good prototype but not something that would meet our expectation of quality of a final product, so we rebuild the whole game from the ground up.
We will have a Kickstarter campaign from August 20th to September 16th.
All images can be downloaded via a right click on the preview image and "Save Target As".
Additional images like special gifs are available in the downloadable press kit (right side).
"For Eternity - Imhotep's Children" is made by a multinational team from all over the world. The stroy is written by industry veterans with experience of multiple titles, among them AAA titles like EVE Online. Our music composer worked for Hollywood companies like Hans Zimmer's Remote Control Productions (wikipedia), Henry Jackman's Sacred Tiger Music (wikipedia) and Warner Bros. Pictures Music.
If you contact us via press@hk-interactive.com and we validated you as press we'll send you further background informations, like the complete audio book of our story. In addtion to that we'll answer all your questions (or at least try), keep you updated on the progress of the games development and provide you with press builds.
Anyone wanting to use the materials from this press kit, has the permission of HK Interactive UG (haftungsbeschränkt) to do so. If we have a problem with your content we will contact you and request it be taken down before taking any legal actions.
Anyone wanting to play this game on YouTube, Twitch, or other streaming or video site, has the permission of HK Interactive UG (haftungsbeschränkt) to do so. If we have a problem with the video we will contact the creator and request it be taken down before taking any action through any of the video distribution platforms.


text:
REVIEW: JULIETA
a film about deep regret and crippling guilt. Cool...
Almodóvar is a very cool director, but unfortunately his latest movie Julieta is underwhelming. Overall, it works as a drama, but it's barely alive.
Adapted from three short stories by Canadian author Alice Munro, the movie is about a depressed woman named Julieta who begins confronting her past - piecing together the events that led to the loss of her ex-husband Xoan, and her estrangement from their daughter Antia. For the majority of the running time, we are watching a letter that Julieta is writing to her long-lost daughter who she hasn't seen in twelve years. She begins by telling the story of how she and Xoan met on a train and the steamy love affair that followed, which is kind-of funny because it's supposed to be a letter written to her daughter, so…why would she go into so much detail about the hot sex?
The first hour is a slow burn, but it is affecting at times and the characters feel like real people. I love a good family drama and Julieta eventually got its hooks in me, but at the same time it felt incomplete and completely devoid of levity. It's a bummer to watch. Not what I expected from an Almodóvar movie, but to be fair I've seen more of his comedies than his dramas. The story is alright and things really pick up in the third act, when Julieta discovers that her daughter has joined a religious cult.
I thought the movie lacked intensity. It needed screaming, shouting and maybe even a little violence - or at least break a vase or something. I don't know, I can appreciate a good boring movie where nothing much happens (for example, I really enjoy the work of Kelly Reichardt - a director who makes great movies with very thin plots) but Julieta bored me. Disappointing right up until the end. A lot of critics love it, so it'll probably win the Oscar for best foreign language film, but I think it's overrated.
movies, film, Canada, blogs
reviews, julieta, almodovar, movies, film, blog, canada

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to stop a loop at a certain threshold? How do I structure my code to stop at a specific threshold?
For example, I have a start and end number:
start number: 100
end number: 200
The start number integer should increment in a loop (using a specific formula) until 100 reaches 200.
When 100 reaches 200, the loop should stop. However, the number never really reaches 200, because it's not necessarily increasing by 2, the increment is a little random. So instead I may get 198 jumping to 221.
How do I return both numbers, or how do I stop the loop the moment it passes the threshold of 200 and return 221?
This is the code I have written so far...
int start = get_int("start: ");
int end = get_int("end: ");

do
    {
        start = start + ( (float) start /3.0) - ( (float) start /4.0);
        start = round(start);
        year++;

    }
    while(end != start);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Catering Department is the 24-hour working department on board an offshore vessel. There are a number of jobs available in this department that include First, Second & Third Cook, Cleaners and Dish Washers.
First Cook reports to the executive chef and supervises the second cook, and ensures the preparations of foods. Fluency in English language is essential.


text:
Chov Sotheara (born October 10, 1983) is a Cambodian freestyle wrestler. She competed in the women's freestyle 48 kg event at the 2016 Summer Olympics, in which she was eliminated in the round of 16 by Carolina Castillo.

References

External links

1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Phnom Penh
Cambodian female sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers of Cambodia
Wrestlers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 2006 Asian Games
Wrestlers at the 2010 Asian Games
Wrestlers at the 2014 Asian Games
Southeast Asian Games gold medalists for Cambodia
Southeast Asian Games medalists in wrestling
Southeast Asian Games bronze medalists for Cambodia
Competitors at the 2005 Southeast Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Cambodia
20th-century Cambodian women
21st-century Cambodian women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Taubatornis is an extinct genus of teratorn from the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene (Deseadan) Tremembé Formation, in the Taubaté Basin, São Paulo state, Brazil. The type species is T. campbelli. It is the oldest known member of the family, about 25 million years old. The presence of a member of this family with this age supports the hypothesis of a South American origin for the Teratornithidae.

References

Teratornithidae
Oligocene animals of South America
Paleogene birds of South America
Oligocene birds
Deseadan
Paleogene Brazil
Fossils of Brazil
Fossil taxa described in 2002
Tupi–Guarani languages
Prehistoric bird genera


An energy-efficient building leads to a better business climate. Here are some simple, low-cost tips to help you start reducing what can sometimes be your highest energy costs.
Keep doors and windows closed while running your HVAC system to reduce air loss.
Clear areas in front of vents from furniture, since blocked vents require up to 25% more energy.
In the summer, vegetation, solar screens, and awnings can also be used to prevent the sun from making your building too warm. And in the winter, raise shades and blinds to let the sun warm your building.
Calibrate your thermostats to ensure accurate readings. Adjust your thermostat depending on the season, and lower the setting any time the building is unoccupied.
Ask your facilities manager to replace missing insulation in high-pressure steam distribution systems.
Ask your facilities manager to repair leaks in steam traps and compressed air systems.
Insulate boilers with an insulating blanket.
Ask your facilities manager to implement controls on your HVAC system to manage how much energy is used to heat your building, ranging from a wall-mounted thermostat to a computerized Energy Management System (EMS). An EMS uses sensors to adjust heating and cooling when a room is unoccupied, saving you energy and money.
Perform regular HVAC maintenance. Change filters monthly to improve air quality and reduce energy use.
Consider establishing a maintenance contract with a vendor to get tune-ups before heating and cooling seasons to further decrease your chance of a breakdown and unnecessary air loss.
If you don't have a facilities manager, contact us at efficiency@nationalgrid.com or fill out our online form. We're here to help.


text:
Railroads and the American People
Railroads Past and Present
By: H. Roger Grant
Narrated by: Todd Barsness
Categories: History, American
The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America
By: Richard White
Narrated by: Paul Woodson
The transcontinental railroads of the late 19th century were the first corporate behemoths. Their attempts to generate profits from proliferating debt sparked devastating panics in the US economy. Their dependence on public largess drew them into the corridors of power, initiating new forms of corruption. Their operations rearranged space and time, and remade the landscape of the West. As wheel and rail, car and coal, they opened new worlds of work and ways of life.
Very In Depth and Enlightening
By MJK1 on 08-07-18
Nothing Like It in the World
The Men Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad 1863-1869
By: Stephen E. Ambrose
Narrated by: Jeffrey DeMunn
Nothing Like It in the World is the story of the men who built the transcontinental railroad. In Ambrose's hands, this enterprise comes to life. The U.S. government pitted two companies - the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads - against each other in a race for funding, encouraging speed over caution. As its peak the work force approached the size of Civil War armies, with as many as 15,000 workers on each line. The surveyors, the men who picked the route, lived off buffalo, deer, and antelope.
I really wanted to like this book.
By Judd Bagley on 10-11-11
Santa Fe Locomotive Development
A Pictorial History in Chronological Order Steam to Diesel 1869-1957
By: Larry E. Brasher
Narrated by: Paul Bright
This book encompasses in brief the story of Madame Queen and embraces steam locomotive development on the Santa Fe from 1869 to the officially announced end of steam operations in 1953. The actual end date of steam operation was August 1957. Presented for the first time in chronological order in one publication, here is a brief story of motive power development on the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe Railway.
excellent was better then expected <br />
By Kline on 12-19-19
Last Train to Paradise
Henry Flagler and the Spectacular Rise and Fall of the Railroad That Crossed an Ocean
By: Les Standiford
Narrated by: Del Roy
The paths of the great American robber barons were paved with riches, and though ordinary citizens paid for them, they also profited. Les Standiford, author of the John Deal thrillers, tells how the man who turned Florida's swamps into the playgrounds of the rich performed the almost superhuman feat of building a railroad from the mainland to Key West at the turn of the century.
By Roy on 04-05-09
London in the Eighteenth Century
A Great and Monstrous Thing
By: Jerry White
Narrated by: Neil Gardner
London in the eighteenth century had risen from the ashes. The city and its people had been brought to the brink by the Great Fire of 1666. But the century that followed was a period of vigorous expansion, of scientific and artistic genius, of blossoming reason, civility, elegance and manners. It was also an age of extremes: of starving poverty and exquisite fashion, of joy and despair, of sentiment and cruelty.
Extremely detailed. Best for someone interested in the minutiae of 1700s London
By Bosco on 10-27-19
Rival Rails
The Race to Build America's Greatest Transcontinental Railroad
By: Walter R. Borneman
Narrated by: Norman Dietz
Length: 15 hrs
The driving of the golden spike at Promontory Summit, which marked the completion of the country's first transcontinental railroad, was only the beginning of the race for railroad dominance. In the aftermath of this building feat, dozens of railroads, each with aggressive empire builders at their helms, raced one another for the ultimate prize of a southern transcontinental route that was generally free of snow, shorter in distance, and gentler in gradients. With a meticulous, loving eye, Walter Borneman picks up where most other histories leave off....
Detail Heavy
By Book Wranglers on 06-19-18
The Heroic Story of the Settlers Who Brought the American Ideal West
By: David McCullough
Narrated by: John Bedford Lloyd
Pulitzer Prize-winning historian David McCullough rediscovers an important and dramatic chapter in the American story - the settling of the Northwest Territory by dauntless pioneers who overcame incredible hardships to build a community based on ideals that would come to define our country.
Left me wanting more!
By Sandra on 05-16-19
Travel on Southern Antebellum Railroads, 1828-1860
By: Eugene Alvarez
Narrated by: Micah Lee
The matter-of-fact descriptive title of this interesting little volume on railroading in the pre-Civil War South does not do justice to Alvarez's coverage of the subject. Along with his full account of trains and train accommodations, he manages to encompass a number of social, political, and even ideological subjects.
The Life and Times of Nikola Tesla: Biography of a Genius
By: Marc J. Seifer
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943), credited as the inspiration for radio, robots, and even radar, has been called the patron saint of modern electricity. Based on original material and previously unavailable documents, this acclaimed book is the definitive biography of the man considered by many to be the founding father of modern electrical technology.
Tesla was a hundred years ahead of his time
By Jean on 01-28-12
The Case Against Socialism
By: Rand Paul
Narrated by: Kelley Paul
A recent poll showed 43 percent of Americans think more socialism would be a good thing. What do these people not know? In The Case Against Socialism, Rand Paul outlines the history of socialism, from Stalin's gulags to the current famine in Venezuela. He tackles common misconceptions about the "utopia" of socialist Europe. As it turns out, Scandinavian countries love capitalism as much as Americans, and have, for decades, been cutting back on the things Bernie loves the most.
Facts Logic Reason
By Randy Larson on 11-01-19
The Oregon Trail
A New American Journey
By: Rinker Buck
Narrated by: Rinker Buck
In the best-selling tradition of Bill Bryson and Tony Horwitz, Rinker Buck's The Oregon Trail is a major work of participatory history: an epic account of traveling the entire 2,000-mile length of the Oregon Trail the old-fashioned way, in a covered wagon with a team of mules - which hasn't been done in a century - that also tells the rich history of the trail, the people who made the migration, and its significance to the country.
An author does not a good narrator make
By C. Davis on 07-03-15
The Untold Story of How We Flew to the Moon
By: Charles Fishman
Narrated by: Fred Sanders
In One Giant Leap, Charles Fishman introduces listeners to the men and women tasked with putting a man on the moon. From the halls of MIT, where the eccentric and legendary digital pioneer Charles Draper created the two computers aboard Apollo 11, to the factories where hundreds of women weaved computer programs with copper wire, Fishman captures the sweeping achievement of these ordinary Americans. This is the captivating story of men and women charged with changing the world as we know it.
The Apollo Program in Historical Context
By Nat on 06-19-19
Mr. Lincoln's High-Tech War
How the North Used the Telegraph, Railroads, Surveillance Balloons, Ironclads, High-Powered Weapons, and More to Win the Civil War
By: Thomas B. Allen, Roger MacBride Allen
Narrated by: Fred Sullivan
Thomas B. Allen's expertise in military history and strategy is combined with Roger MacBride Allen's knowledge of technology to reveal a lesser-known yet fascinating side of the 16th president of the United States. Their authoritative narrative reveals Lincoln as our nation's first hands-on commander in chief, whose appreciation for the power of technology plays a critical role in the North's Civil War victory over the less-developed South.
The American West: History, Myth, and Legacy
By: Patrick N. Allitt, The Great Courses
Narrated by: Patrick N. Allitt
Our understanding of the American West has moved far beyond pop culture in recent years. The legendary people and events we associate with the Wild West - the last stand at the Alamo, the Battle of Little Bighorn, the exploits of Calamity Jane, the hardships of the Oregon Trail - are even more fascinating once the historical realities have been separated from the myths.
Great Professor, Great Course
By Mark on 09-09-17
The Prairie Years and The War Years
By: Carl Sandburg
Narrated by: Arthur Morey
Originally published in six volumes, which sold more than one million copies, Carl Sandburg's Abraham Lincoln was praised as the most noteworthy historical biography of Sandburg's generation. He later distilled this monumental work into one volume that critics and readers alike consider his greatest work of nonfiction, as well as the most distinguished, authoritative biography of Lincoln ever published.
Growing up in an Illinois prairie town, Sandburg listened to stories of old-timers who had known Lincoln. By the time this single-volume edition was competed, he had spent a lifetime studying, researching, and writing about our 16th president.
A moving tale of a very human man
Imperial Germany and War, 1871-1918
Modern War Studies
By: Daniel J. Hughes, Richard L. DiNardo
Narrated by: Nigel Patterson
Written by two of the world's leading authorities on the subject, Imperial Germany and War, 1871-1918 examines the most essential components of the imperial German military system, with an emphasis on such foundational areas as theory, doctrine, institutional structures, training, and the officer corps. In the period between 1871 and 1918, rapid technological development demanded considerable adaptation and change in military doctrine and planning.
Orion Colony
An Intergalactic Space Opera Adventure
By: J.N. Chaney, Jonathan Yanez
Narrated by: Ray Porter
When half of mankind revolts and demands more opportunity, those at the top decide on a compromise: They will build the first colony ships and allow the rest to discover new worlds and start over. Twelve ships are built. The first is called the Orion. Many are eager to go, but only 100,000 are chosen for each vessel. Far from Earth, a new life awaits, and it promises the prosperity they've always wanted. But still, resistance stirs.
This is half a book.
By Blake on 10-04-19
Blood, Iron, and Gold
How the Railways Transformed the World
By: Christian Wolmar
Narrated by: Michael Tudor Barnes
Blood, Iron, and Gold reveals the huge impact of the railways as they spread rapidly across the world, linking cities that had hitherto been isolated, stimulating both economic growth and social change on an unprecedented scale. From Panama to the Punjab, Christian Wolmar describes the vision and determination of the pioneers who developed railways that would one day span continents, as well as the labour of the navvies who built this global network.
Terrific Listen
By David C Robinson on 05-31-15
In this social history of the impact of railroads on American life, H. Roger Grant concentrates on the railroad's "Golden Age," 1830-1930. To capture the essence of the nation's railroad experience, Grant explores four fundamental topics - trains and travel, train stations, railroads and community life, and the legacy of railroading in America. Grant recalls the lasting memories left by train travel, both of luxurious Pullman cars and the grit and grind of coal-powered locals.
He discusses the important role railroads played for towns and cities across America, not only for the access they provided to distant places and distant markets but also for the depots that were a focus of community life. Finally, Grant reviews the lasting heritage of the railroads as it has been preserved in word, stone, paint, and memory. Railroads and the American People is a sparkling paean to American railroading by one of its finest historians.
The book is published by Indiana University Press.
©2012 H. Roger Grant (P)2013 Redwood Audiobooks
"With its wealth of vignettes... Railroads and the American People does a fine job of humanizing the iron horse" ( Wall Street Journal)
"With plenty of detail, Grant brings a bygone era back to life, addressing everything from social and commercial appeal, racial and gender issues, safety concerns, and leaps in technology. But Grant never loses sight of the big picture and the essential role the railroads played in American life. He writes with authority and clarity in a work that can appeal to both casual and hardcore enthusiasts." ( Publishers Weekly)
"Is it necessary to comment on an established author such as Roger Grant. Heavens, he is a fine scholar and writes better than Hemingway!" (John White, author of The American Railroad Passenger Car)
How to Learn & Memorize Medical Terminology
The Privileged Planet: How Our Place in the Cosmos is Designed for Discovery
Gene Bowker
great history of railroad life in America
If you could sum up Railroads and the American People in three words, what would they be?
History, Railroads, Culture
What was one of the most memorable moments of Railroads and the American People?
I enjoyed the history of depots and the agents who lived there
Which character – as performed by Todd Barsness – was your favorite?
Not really in characters in this one
If you were to make a film of this book, what would the tag line be?
How railroads created America
Great history of railroads and life in America.
interesting to a point
But really no need to give 25 examples when 3 are adequate. Tghten it up.
alexyakkavoo
Fascinating Story, Poor Editing, Strange Narration
What would have made Railroads and the American People better?
Terrible Editing
While I am not a extreme railroad fan, I am very interested in its history especially in the United States, but the writing and editing was amateurish. The writer seemed to have a thesaurus at one side and a list of cliches on the other. He used a number of unnecessary words such as "opined." He uses "opined a modern day hobo" or "opined a writer" or "opined a youthful railroad fan." He uses "reported" 28 times. He uses "said one" five times which doesn't mean anything. "Said one engineer" or "said one resident" as if he took a survey and determined that only person had that thought or he was in a group and only one spoke up. Referring to WWI as "the Great War" five times added nothing to the book as well "lad" nine times or "residents" 66 times.
If this If it had been any other subject, I would not have gotten past the first few minutes of this book. The narrator seemed to think that he was reading for a commercial with way too much emphasis on the end of sentences or short passages. And, then when he pronounced "te-LEG-grapher" "te-LOG-grapher" repeatedly I was ready to scream.
The Subject
Who would you have cast as narrator instead of Todd Barsness?
Just about anybody
If you could play editor, what scene or scenes would you have cut from Railroads and the American People?
None, but I would have edited the book to get rid of the cliches and verboseness.
The space for the review of the book is hugely too long. I thought there was nothing below it.


When I arrived, there were a dozen people already waiting under an awning, shielding them from the morning rain. The weather report called for showers on this morning only, so I wasn't too worried. I got my ticket and loaded my pack onto the boat. As I waited under the awning myself, I checked out the other backpacker's gear, eavesdropped on stories about their previous trips to the island, and watched the workers load several kayaks onto the ship.
Once allowed to board I sat by the window at a table with four comfy blue seats. I knew the boat would be close to full and wouldn't be able to keep my own table. I was ok with that, since most people were backpackers, I figured I'd get to meet someone that had common interests. Instead, however, a couple of about 18-20 years old asked if they could have the seats across from me. The girl painted in make-up was obviously more interested in how she looked than the other rough looking backpackers on the boat. Her boyfriend constantly yawned and rubbed his eyes. We didn't exchange a word after "mind if we join you" and they soon fell asleep.
The boat was a couple minutes from leaving. What is this diamond shaped thing in my pocket I wondered, a keychain? My goldfish memory eventually kicked in and I realized I had forgotten to drop the key off at the motel front desk. I told a girl who worked on the boat the situation, pointed to the motel, and asked how much time I had.
"Hah, none." she said. "But if you hurry, you can make it." The engines started to rev up. The 30 seconds to drop it off and get back on the boat turned out to be a blessing in disguise. I could now scurry past my sleepy shipmates unobserved, onto the stern's deck outside, where I would spend most of the 3 ½-hour trip.
I leaned against the railing looking out over the side. Michigan disappeared. The horizon and Lake Superior was all I could see in any direction. It was cold. Every so often a chilly mist sprayed from windblown white-capped waves. I staggered to the snack bar, trying to walk on a surface that rolled and swayed, and bought a cup of hot cranberry apple cider to warm up. I moved onto the bow of the ship I stared at the horizon waiting for an island to emerge.
The voice of the captain occasionally bellowed out of a speaker to tell us some information about Isle Royale that we may find useful or interesting. He tells us this year is the 50th anniversary of a moose/wolf study on the island. The populations of moose and wolves fluctuate like a teeter totter. As the predator wolf population goes up, the moose prey population goes down. With the food source low, the wolf population goes down until the moose population is back up, then repeat indefinitely. That is a simplification but you get the idea.
He says there are 23 wolves in 4 packs and 650 moose on the island; a low number for Isle Royale but still almost ensures I'd see one. I'm not sure why I like this animal but I think it just conjures up images of the Alaskan wilderness and boreal forests that I love so much.
He tells us the story of a moose that ventured into a campsite drawing the attention of excited backpackers. Wolves came into the camp and attacked it. The moose tried to flee by jumping in the lake but drowned. The wolves pulled the body back into the camp and begun devouring it, in front of some, I assume now, horrified, shocked, and disgusted backpackers. Since it was disturbing people, and the wolves would be there for a while feasting, they evacuated the area. A week later, the pack finally finished their meal and, umm, lived happily ever after?
I looked around at the other passengers and confirmed that they had the same, "what the hell?" look on their faces that I did. I'm not sure of his point to the story, but he seemed to enjoy telling it. I've read several times that wolves are not a threat to humans. After his story, I started to question my sources.
Finally, Isle Royale appeared in the distance. Waves crashed on its rocky shore painted with bright orange lichens. The forest looks like those you expect to see north of the Canadian border, with conifers like white spruce and balsam fir and younger deciduous trees like birch and aspen. There is a good reason for this. Isle Royale is just barely at the southern tip of the Boreal forest, rarely seen in the lower 48, that covers millions of acres in Alaska and Canada.
There was a quick orientation and registration with Ranger Marcia before heading into the wilderness. I could tell she had a love affair with this place. I imagined that she would occasionally head off into the woods alone, during off-hours, and eat edible plants and berries along the trails. I pictured her finding a rock to sit on, with a good view, while writing poetry about how she feels connected to nature, complete with metaphors that give the island human-like traits. She was my kind of person.
I decide to head to Daisy Farm campground just over seven miles away. My first impression of the trail running along the shore was that it seemed meticulously landscaped. The placement of large and small-leafed plants, moss covered boulders and bedrock, wide assortments of wildflowers, edible thimbleberries right at arm's reach, were all under a canopy of trees that flowed with the trail just as it should with nothing out of place. This was especially noticeable in places I decided to stop for short breaks, like at Suzy's Cave, and along Lake Superior's rocky shoreline.
I picked several thimbleberries along the trail. I got somewhat addicted to them. They look like raspberries and the taste reminds me of pomegranate. They get their name from the shape, but to me, they looked more like little red berets on the ends of my fingers than thimbles. I put them on my fingertips like when we'd put those pointy Bugles snacks on our fingertips as kids. We'd pretend they were witches nails, and walk around with our hands up near our face, fingers curling, cackling, and saying things like "I'll get you, my pretty, and your little dog too".
Once my index finger had on a red beret, suddenly I imagined it had a French accent (I really didn't have a choice, it just happened.) Beret Wearing Index Finger doesn't care much for vile, despicable, American scum. Beret Wearing Thumb tried to do a 'Rerun from What's Happening' impersonation but all he knew to say was "Hey, Hey, Hey!" although I had my doubts that that was Rerun's catchphrase on the show, but I kept my comments to myself. Beret Wearing Pinky just incoherently yelled things like" Viva La Revolucion!", in a high-pitched futile attempt to sound threatening, but nobody paid attention to the pinky. They never do. This just fuels his desire for revolution. I ate so many thimbleberries that my fingertips were dyed red, the sign of true addict. This dialogue only took place in my head. Does that make it less odd?
Nearing Daisy Farm, hiking up a slight incline, I encountered a nonchalant red fox standing in the middle of the trail. He stood staring at me. I quickly got out my camera to take pictures. Not concerned in any way, he just sat down on the ground looking around in different directions, almost as if he was posing. After eight or more photos, he remained unmoved. After finally putting my camera away it seemed as if he might said, "Ok, now that I have your attention please answer me these riddles three and you may pass." As another noisy group started to approach behind me, he strolled away from the trail slowly and out of sight.


Yep, that's right. That's what I've been up to today. None of these things were on my list of things to do at all. I decided after Bible Study to stop by Hy-Vee and pick up a few things for lunch. While at the store Hannah said, let's go down the "seeuhl wrow" (Cereal Row). So, we did and as I reached down to pick up a box of cereal I heard and felt this sharp object attack my head. Apparently there was some metal bin attached to the aisle that I did not notice and I got a pretty good gash. So there I am with no Kleenex in my purse, Hannah jumping around, running to the deli section trying to get the meat guys attention for some paper towels.
The meat guy just sort of stared at me and said "What?" while a lady next to me demanded, "Bring some towels quick!" I tell ya, I felt soooo stupid. Then they sent me to the front of the store where there is an Express Clinic. How handy. I thought great, the nurse can clean me up quick and I'll be on my merry way. So she looks at me and says, "Why did you come here?" in a cranky tone. "Well, they told me to...." "Who told you to? I can't help you here, I don't do wounds." I tell ya, I was in a lot of pain at this point, and if I could have been thinking straighter, I might have done or said something not so nice... Then the manager came over and nurse lady calmed down a bit. He offered to bring me to the hospital, but in my immense embarrassment, I strongly refused. Somehow I managed to pay for my groceries and get to the car. Then I called Ted bawling. I kept saying, "Hannah can't miss preschool. Maybe I'll wait to get my head checked until after I bring her to preschool.'' I suppose I was a bit delirious:) Poor Ted. And to shorten this long story, a dear friend from church came to the rescue, dropping me off at the hospital and taking Hannah out for pancakes, then dropping her off to preschool.
So, then when it came time to finally see me the nurse suggested another tetanus shot since I could not remember when the last one was. I just love shots. Ask my mom. (Mom, I promise I acted like a big girl.) Then the Dr. said she would give me some Novocaine and then a few staples. I told her that Hannah had a cut last year and had nothing for the pain. I was merely making small talk, not hinting. But she took this as a hint and said, "Well you don't have to have Novocaine." Well, then I thought, how bad can it be? If Hannah can do it, well then I can too, right? I said, let's do one and if it's too bad, then we can do the Novocaine. Well, it really hurt, but I said, just "get er' done". By the third staple I pretty much could not breathe. So, you can be the judge, either I'm a tough cookie or stupid. I'm voting for the latter.
You know how it goes. They are playing like angels until the moment that the phone rings. And as soon as you say "Hello" it is a cue to them to start acting as naughty as they possibly can. I have worked with the girls to try to get them to not interrupt me until I am off, unless there is blood or something super serious... So, one day while I was on the phone, this is this sign that Emelia was waving frantically in front of my face. Needless to say I could not keep from laughing, while also trying to have sympathy. For those of you who have forgotten phonics, it says, "Hannah poked my eye-ball. Ouch!"
Mommy has been practicing a few songs she is singing for a wedding at the end of March. Since Hannah is always with Mommy, she has gotten in on the practicing and knows almost all the words to the song, From This Moment. Here she is singing a part of the song. I know that this will bring a smile to your face no matter how bad your day may be!
We also made these tootsie roll necklaces with pretty Valentine's ribbon from Grandma's Valentine's finds! They love wearing around a whole stash of candy! And I even got them to cooperate for a few sweet pics together, which is a rare occurrence!
What is Valentine's Day without making Valentine's boxes? Grandma found some fun decorations for the girls to add to their boxes. They had a lot of fun being creative and making a huge mess in the process. It seems to me that chaos and creativity go hand in hand. But out of the chaos, something beautiful always emerges. As you can see, Emelia's pretty excited about her masterpiece (and the thought of the fun Valentine's and candies that will be dropped into it!). Can you see who is hiding inside of Hannah's box? Yep, it's Bear!
Mommy found a fun Valentine project for Emelia to make for her classmates. An MP3 player, or it it an ipod? I am not up on these technological things. All I know is that she has been begging for one of these for months. We keep saying, no, not until you are much older! She was thrilled to be able to make a candy version, using a box of candy hearts and peanut butter cups covered in tin foil.
I found the project idea in a Family Fun magazine. You can check out their website for the directions.
Emelia had Crazy Hat Day at school and this is what she created for the special day... Hannah has a special buddy, named (very simply) Bear. People always ask her "What is your Bear's name?" and she says, "Just Bear." But although his name is simple, he is a very important member of the family! The other day I found Hannah at the table with bear tucked in her shirt so he could literally "hang out" with her. He pretty much goes everywhere with her. What a laugh! At least someone in this house is "expecting" something! She thought she was pretty funny... and so did we! Recently Bear went to the dentist and Hannah informed us that he had a problem with his tooth. "It is wiggly, rumbly, bleedey, and pokey." Wow, that's serious! Thankfully he's all better now! Stay tuned for more Bear adventures!


text:
Q: Trouble getting user AND token in Rails Controller I tried testing a post request in Postman to create a user, but I keep getting errors in my controller when trying to create the user. I'm not getting my token at all. Here is my code.
class Api::V1::UsersController < ApplicationController
  skip_before_action :authorized, only: [:create]

  def create
    @user = User.create(user_params)
    if @user.valid?
      @token = encode_token(user_id: @user.id)
      render json: {
        @user => include: [:categories, :resources],
        jwt: @token
      }, status: :created
    else
      render json: { error: 'failed to create user' }, status: :not_acceptable
    end
  end

  private
  def user_params
    params.permit(:username, :email, :password, :password_confirmation)
  end

end

These are the errors I was getting:
SyntaxError (/Users/flatironschool/Desktop/5-Module/houston-helper-backend/app/controllers/api/v1/users_controller.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected =>
      render json: => {
                   ^~
/Users/flatironschool/Desktop/5-Module/houston-helper-backend/app/controllers/api/v1/users_controller.rb:9: syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting '}'
        @user => include: [:categories, :resources]
                        ^
/Users/flatironschool/Desktop/5-Module/houston-helper-backend/app/controllers/api/v1/users_controller.rb:10: syntax error, unexpected '}', expecting keyword_end
      }, jwt: @token, status: :creat...
      ^):
app/controllers/api/v1/users_controller.rb:8: syntax error, unexpected =>
app/controllers/api/v1/users_controller.rb:9: syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting '}'
app/controllers/api/v1/users_controller.rb:10: syntax error, unexpected '}', expecting keyword_end

A: Your main problem is
{
    @user => include: [:categories, :resources],
    jwt: @token
  }

since its not a valid hash. Take a look at how to create hashes in ruby!
I suggest to build your response step by step until you have what you need.
Start with
render json: @token

then you can try something like
render json: {user: @user.to_json, token: @token.to_json }

then whatever you want!

A: You need to replace your code
render json: {
    @user => include: [:categories, :resources],
    jwt: @token
  }, status: :created

with
render json: {
    user: @user.as_json(include: [:categories, :resources]),
    jwt: @token
  }, status: :created

You can also use separate activemodel serializers if you want, however as_json is a built in serializer for activemodel objects provided by rails. You can learn more from here
Hope this helps !


3-piece set of unisex baby clothing made of brushed terry towelling that is both snuggly and soft.
Cardigan with sailor stripes and poppers.
Chemisette bodysuit with a practical two-in-one function for dressing your child, made of plain 1x1 rib knit with welted collar.
Plain trousers with elasticated waist.


text:
03rd October 2022 09:58:34 Hours
ARCHERS MINI SUPER DECLARED OPEN BY THE COLONEL OF THE REGIMENT
Under the direct guidance of the Regimental Centre Commandant and under supervision and coordination of the 6th Battalion the Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment, the newly upgraded "Archers Mini Super" shopping centre built according to modern standards was ceremonially declared open by the Director General General Staff Sri Lanka Army Headquarters and Colonel of the Regiment of Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment Major General Nishantha Manage on 01 October 2022 at Regimental Centre premises.
This will exceedingly benefited not only for the soldiers but also for the general public living suburb to the camp premises to fulfil their daily grocery requirements with ease and comfort.
Senior officers including Director General General Staff Sri Lanka Army Headquarters and Colonel of the Regiment of Vijayabahu Infantry Regiment Major General Nishantha Manage, Director General General Staff of Office of Chief of Defence Staff Major General Rohitha Aluvihare, The Centre Commandant, senior officers and Other Ranks of VIR regimental centre participated for this event. This notable event was organized by adhering all the health guidelines stipulated by the government to prevent COVID - 19 outbreak.


text:
Q: file_put_contents & file_get_contents damages my image The code is trivial;
$url = 'https://fbcdn-sphotos-d-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash4/s720x720/417959_454038631356352_2061694564_n.jpg';
file_put_contents($path, file_get_contents($url));

This results in the following image being written;

Note how it is "damaged" compared to the original.
This is a new PHP installation on my Windows 8 Dev machine. My extensions are enabled as follows;
extension=php_bz2.dll
extension=php_curl.dll
;extension=php_dba.dll
;extension=php_exif.dll
;extension=php_fileinfo.dll
extension=php_gd2.dll
;extension=php_gettext.dll
;extension=php_gmp.dll
;extension=php_intl.dll
;extension=php_imap.dll
;extension=php_interbase.dll
;extension=php_ldap.dll
extension=php_mbstring.dll
;extension=php_ming.dll
;extension=php_mssql.dll
extension=php_mysql.dll
extension=php_mysqli.dll
;extension=php_oci8.dll
;extension=php_oci8_11g.dll
extension=php_openssl.dll
;extension=php_pdo_firebird.dll
;extension=php_pdo_mssql.dll
extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll
;extension=php_pdo_oci.dll
;extension=php_pdo_odbc.dll
;extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll
extension=php_pdo_sqlite.dll
;extension=php_pgsql.dll
;extension=php_phar.dll
;extension=php_pspell.dll
;extension=php_shmop.dll
;extension=php_snmp.dll
;extension=php_soap.dll
;extension=php_sockets.dll
;extension=php_sqlite.dll
;extension=php_sqlite3.dll
;extension=php_sybase_ct.dll
;extension=php_tidy.dll
;extension=php_xmlrpc.dll
;extension=php_xsl.dll
;extension=php_zip.dll

Of note, I've enabled openssl for HTTPs support, and curl. allow_url_fopen is enabled (although of course, it wouldn't have got even this far if this wasn't the case).
Does anyone know what can cause this sort of damage to my images?

A: It works fine on my Windows 8 Dev machine + ZendServer 6 PHP 5.4.11
Probably You have some problems in Your PHP instalation/configuration. I recommend reinstall PHP.


Thunder Group makes quality foodservice supplies for your restaurant's tabletop including napkin dispensers that are the staple stainless steel design. The cafeteria plastic squeeze bottles are perfect for storing condiments and dressings including ketchup, mustard, salad dressings, barbecue sauces and are available in clear or plastic and 8 or 12 ounces.
Square Shaker - 2 Oz.
Sugar Cheese Dispenser with Perforated Top - 12 Oz.
Swirl Cheese Shaker - 6 Oz.
Oil Vinegar Cruet - 6 Oz.
Paneled Shaker - 1 Oz.
Tower Shaker - 1 Oz.
Sugar Cheese Dispenser With Flip Top - 12 Oz.
Tortilla Warmer - 8.5 in.
Syrup Dispenser with Cast Zinc Top - 6 Oz.
Salad Woven Wood Bowl - 6 in.
Stainless Steel Flip Cap Sugar and Cheese Dispensers - 12 Oz.
Salad Woven Wood Bowl - 8 in.
Sugar and Cheese Dispenser with Perforated Top - 12 Oz.
Round Tip Jumbo Steak Knife Plastic Handle - 11 in.
Squeeze Clear Bottle - 12 Oz.
Squeeze Bottle Red - 12 Oz.
Black 4 View Menu Cover - 8.5 in.
Thunder Group began in the small city of Keelung in northern Taiwan. Since then, it has grown to one of the world's largest foodservice manufacturers. This company prides itself in quality, innovation, and safety with food service products that meet NSF, AGA, and UL standards. Thunder Group's line of restaurant table top products will meet all your foodservice table top needs.


Yesterday Eater Boston editor Rachel Blumenthal broke the news that Bao Nation will be opening in Central Square, and I stopped by to check it out. The location is right between Dosa Factory and H-Mart on Mass Ave in the heart of Central Square. Dosa Factory has been a favorite of mine for South Indian street food for years, and the H-Mart Korean supermarket opened just last month, 2 doors down, with a mini food court offering ramen and korean style curry. According to Rachel's article, the owners of Dosa Factory will be bringing Taiwanese dumplings and Bun sandwiches to the neighborhood, making creative use of the rear of Libby's liquor store. Dosa Factory is built in the rear of the Shalimar Indian grocery, with a full kitchen and seating for close to 20. Bao Nation follows a similar model, but with a much smaller kitchen area and what appears to be standing area for under 20 or so diners.
Don't be surprised to see Cambridge City Councilor Leland Cheung proclaim Central Square a Designated Dumpling Destination, as Bao Nation joins both the Dumpling Room (formerly Pu Pu Hot Pot) and the recently opened Dumpling House.
Look for frequent updates from the growing Central Square Street Food Cluster, as I'm in the neighborhood twice a week for a music production class at MMMMaven right across the street!.


text:
class ContactsController < ApplicationController
  def index
  end

  def newsletter testing=false
    return true if (Rails.env.test? && !testing)
    list_id = 'e32567f442'

    response = Rails.configuration.mailchimp.lists.subscribe({
                                                                 id: list_id,
                                                                 email: {email: params[:email]},
                                                                 double_optin: false,
                                                             })
    response
    #gb = Gibbon::API.new("35b67fc98e8508fca88e64c945f273cd")
    #gb.lists.subscribe({:id => 'e32567f442', :email => {:email => params[:email]}, :merge_vars => {:FNAME => 'First Name', :LNAME => 'Last Name'}, :double_optin => false})
    #gb.lists.subscribe(:id => 'e32567f442', :email_address => params[:email])

    #puts Gibbon::API.lists.list.to_yaml

    redirect_to root_url
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home » Written in Red (Hardcover)
Written in Red (Hardcover)
By Anne Bishop
No one creates realms like New York Times bestselling author Anne Bishop. Now in a thrilling new fantasy series, enter a world inhabited by the Others, unearthly entities--vampires and shape-shifters among them--who rule the Earth and whose prey are humans.
As a cassandra sangue, or blood prophet, Meg Corbyn can see the future when her skin is cut--a gift that feels more like a curse. Meg's Controller keeps her enslaved so he can have full access to her visions. But when she escapes, the only safe place Meg can hide is at the Lakeside Courtyard--a business district operated by the Others.
Shape-shifter Simon Wolfgard is reluctant to hire the stranger who inquires about the Human Liaison job. First, he senses she's keeping a secret, and second, she doesn't smell like human prey. Yet a stronger instinct propels him to give Meg the job. And when he learns the truth about Meg and that she's wanted by the government, he'll have to decide if she's worth the fight between humans and the Others that will surely follow.
New York Times bestselling author Anne Bishop is a winner of the William L. Crawford Memorial Fantasy Award, presented by the International Association for the Fantastic in the Arts, for The Black Jewels Trilogy. She is also the author of the Ephemera series, the Tir Alainn trilogy, and the Novels of the Others--including Etched in Bone, Marked in Flesh, Vision in Silver, Murder of Crows, and Written in Red. She lives in upstate New York.
Praise for Written in Red:
"A stunningly original yarn, deeply imagined, beautifully articulated and set forth in clean, limpid, sensual prose."—Kirkus Reviews
"An amazing novel."—Fresh Fiction
"Written in Red isn't just the best urban fantasy of the year, it may be one of the best ever."—All Things Urban Fantasy
"A gripping novel from start until finish...In the end, Ms. Bishop leaves readers wanting more."—Night Owl Reviews (Top Pick)
"Fast-paced action, well defined characters and an imaginative storyline make for a fine paranormal read."—Monsters and Critics
Publication Date: March 5th, 2013
Series: Other Novels (Anne Bishop)
Maximum Age: UP
Minimum Grade Level: UP
Maximum Grade Level: UP
Fantasy - General
Mass Market (March 4th, 2014): $7.99


text:
Anam Arsalan
The Indian Cricket League executive board on Thursday decided to call off the ongoing ICL World Series in view of the grave situation in Mumbai.
ICL executive board member, Kiran More, told the media that they had "decided to call off the rest of the ICL World Series tournament". "We believe it is inappropriate to continue the series under the given circumstances. For us players' safety comes first and we don't want to compromise on that in any way." ICL executive board chairman Kapil Dev, said he hoped that the people of India stayed strong.
"We need to come out rock solid from this situation. The teams have shown confidence in the ICL management and have supported the decision to call off the tour. In this hour of unprecedented tragedy in Mumbai we would like to extend all our support to our fellow citizens," he added.
ICL Pakistani coach Moin Khan said, "It certainly is a grave situation but by God's grace we are safe and the boys have shown maturity in staying clam in such situations.
" Our sympathies with the people of India and we stand by them their hour of the need."
Labels: Hindustan Times


text:
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Directors call for SME productivity allowance
16 Oct 2018 | Business Tax
Business leaders are urging the Government to introduce a 'productivity allowance', to help improve economic performance among small firms.
The allowance was suggested in a report by the Institute of Directors (IoD), and would take the form of an enhanced capital allowance for SMEs that invest in productivity-improving technology.
The IoD says this would create an additional incentive for small businesses to invest in best practice technologies, such as data analytics and cloud computing.
Incentives for investing in technology were the most popular choice among IoD SME members for boosting productivity in their organisation, with more than 40% favouring this initiative.
The report put forward a series of other proposals, including:
developing a more formalised national business support framework
broadening the apprenticeship levy into a wider training levy
supporting knowledge transfer between universities and small businesses.
Tej Parikh, senior economist at the IoD, said:
"Solving the productivity puzzle has been a defining challenge for the UK over the past decade.
"The success of our post-Brexit economy hinges on our ability to unlock the vast untapped potential among UK small businesses.
"Directors of smaller firms need the support and encouragement to spend more time working 'on' and not just 'in' their organisation, and to confidently adopt new management techniques and technology."
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Of all my cinematic sins, never having seen Dario Argento's original Suspiria is arguably one of the biggest. Considered a genre masterpiece, the 1977 cult horror classic seems to have passed me by in all my years of film watching. With the knowledge that a reimagining was coming to screens this year, I decided not to rectify that particular blindspot in my film history, as all I have read in the run up from people I respect is to go in as clean and as clueless as possible. Hey, you don't have to tell me twice not to do extra homework!
Directed by Luca Guadagnino, 2018's Suspiria is set amidst the politically tense German Autumn of 1977 Berlin. Susie Bannion (Dakota Johnson), an Ohio native and aspiring dancer, auditions and is accepted to the prestigious Markos Dance Company. Noticed and mentored by the mysterious and charismatic Madame Blanc (Tilda Swinton), Susie quirky rises through the ranks and becomes an important figure in the group, but as certain students disappear and certain odd happenings begin to occur, the audience quickly sees that all is not right with Madame Blanc and the close knit group of other female matrons that run the company.
I'll keep this nice and simple, Suspiria had me SHOOKETH. No secrets are made about the fact that the central theme of the film is witchcraft and supernatural mythology, and the haunting and at times truly traumatic imagery is ready to catch you off guard right from the start. I'm not exaggerating when I say that there are things in this film that I will remember and think about forever. I'm not sure I have had my mouth hanging open as much as it was since mother!, with the key difference being that I hated mother!, but I love love LOVED this. I thought the wildest it would get for me this year was Hereditary. Boy was I wrong.
I'm a sucker for anything witchy, but there is so much more going on in Suspiria than that key narrative thread. If you wish to dig deep enough, you will find commentary on things like motherhood, abuse of power and even national guilt within the context of the interesting German post-war setting. There is no denying that it is an incredibly dense and at times challenging film, and the one negative I will attest to is that its two and half hours do feel overly long. However, in the same breath, I can't immediately identify any sequences that could be cut to save time.
This is by no means the kind of horror film that you put on to have fun with during a sleepover or girl's night, it's not a popcorn jump scare fest or a trashy slasher, it is much more cerebral, mature, rich and complicated than that. However, at the same time, I do feel like the filmmakers have kept the picture accessible enough not to be dismissed as pretentious arthouse fare. You might not understand every single frame of Suspiria in the moment, but I can promise you that it is a creeping, unsettling film that will continue to stay on your mind and grow on your conscious for days.
As Susie Bannion, Dakota Johnson is finally playing the kinds of roles that her large talent deserves. I could only stomach the first Fifty Shades movie, but I do remember her being the only good thing about it, and she continues to impress here. In a cast filled with interesting and charismatic women, Johnson holds her own as the central protagonist. There is a quiet, unassuming, almost whimsical quality to her acting that perfectly compliments the unnerving and unsettling tone of the film. I'm no dancing expert, but I found her to also be a convincing starlet in that sense too.
Although Johnson is the central audience surrogate, it might also be fair to argue that Suspiria is very much Tilda Swinton's movie. Not only does she magnetise herself to the screen as Madame Blanc, but she also displays her diversity with two further performances as different key characters. The less I say about that, the better! All you really need to know is that for my money, there is nobody more suited to playing a fascinating, alluring witch in 1970s Berlin than Tilda!
The rest of the large ensemble cast all give similarly engaging performances of varying sizes. Actresses like Chloe Grace Moretz, Mia Goth, Angela Winkler, Ingrid Caven and Alek Wek are fascinating and gripping in their respective roles. You know everyone is doing their job when even though the setting is hellish, you still wouldn't mind visiting because everything is so damn compelling and interesting! There is even a reverential cameo for Jessica Harper, star of Dario Argento's 1977 original.
Overall, Suspiria is one hell of a wild ride. While I can't say that I was ever scared, I certainly was distressed at several key points throughout the film. It is one of the very few pictures I can think of that makes gore and the truly horrific seem somehow artistic and even lyrical. I can't wait to now go back and see the original film that inspired this, one of my favourite movies of the year.


Once upon a time in Siberia, on the shores of the Arctic Ocean, in a warm bed in a small town, a little girl woke up from a dream. It was morning, but it was still dark out, for the little town was so far North that the sun would not show itself for many months. They called this the Polar Night.
The little girl rubbed the sleep from her eyes and dressed in the dark. She put on her pink jacket and red stocking cap and stepped outside. Her breath froze and she walked in the direction of school. All around her were endless fields of frozen tundra. But the fields were not white like you might think, for up above the Aurora Borealis lit up the sky. It looked like a big green breath frozen in the heavens and all around the little girl were beautiful colors. The snow was painted green. And on some mornings—if she was lucky—she'd even see bits of blue, yellow and pink on her walk to school.
She loved these colors very much. Walking through them made her imagination come alive. She liked to think of the fields as blank canvases for Mother Nature to paint upon. And what did that make her? Was she part of the painting too, in her pink jacket and red hat?
She smiled and her mind began dreaming of the days when the Polar Night would come to an end, when the first sun would light up the snowy mountains, making it look like blueberry ice cream. And then the summer would come, the snow would melt and the tundra would transform into planet Mars with it's golden color seeming to stretch out forever in every direction.
She thought to herself, "Every season has its own colors." She stored all these colors in her heart, and walked beneath the Aurora Borealis in this little town way up North.
The town was called Tiksi.


text:
Bulgaria Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo (Brazzaville) Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark [Denmark] Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Polynesia Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Greenland Grenada Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland [Ireland] Isle of Man Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nepal Netherland Antilles Netherlands New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovak Republic Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Korea Spain Sri Lanka St. Christopher and Nevis Sudan Suriname Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Taiwan (Province of China) Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan U.S. Virgin Islands Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam West Bank/Gaza Strip Western Sahara World Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe
Bulgaria - Economic Indicators
Bulgaria, a former communist country that entered the EU in 2007, has an open economy that historically has demonstrated strong growth, but its per-capita income remains the lowest among EU members and its reliance on energy imports and foreign demand for its exports makes its growth sensitive to external market conditions. The government undertook significant structural economic reforms in the 1990s to move the economy from a centralized, planned economy to a more liberal, market-driven economy. These reforms included privatization of state-owned enterprises, liberalization...
Continue reading View Factbook for Bulgaria
Real Gross Domestic Product 2020 Q3 24,360 23,360 Mil. Ch. 2015 BGN, WDASA Quarterly
Real Fixed Investment (gross fixed capital formation) 2020 Q3 4,581 4,426 Mil. Ch. 2015 BGN, WDASA Quarterly
Nominal Fixed Investment (gross fixed capital formation) 2020 Q3 5,295 4,681 Mil. BGN, SA Quarterly
Nominal Gross Domestic Product 2020 Q2 28,260 30,511 Mil. BGN, SA Quarterly
Investment 2020 Q2 4,509 5,350 Mil. BGN, SA Quarterly
Government Consumption 2017 Q1 3,701 4,483 Mil. BGJ Quarterly
Consumer Price Index (CPI) Nov 2020 7,135 7,127 Index 1995=100, NSA Monthly
Producer Price Index (PPI) Aug 2020 115.34 116.1 2010=100, NSA Monthly
Wholesale Price Index 2016 105.45 108.79 Index 2010 = 100 Annual
Total Employment Non-Ag 2020 Q3 3,433 3,408 Ths. #, SA Quarterly
Primary Industries Employment 2020 Q3 594.9 591.65 Ths. #, SA Quarterly
Unemployment Rate 2020 Q3 4.81 5.87 %, NSA Quarterly
Labor Force Employment 2020 Q3 3,173 3,079 Ths. #, NSA Quarterly
Unemployment 2020 Q3 160.4 192.2 Ths. #, NSA Quarterly
Labor Force 2020 Q3 3,333 3,271 Ths. #, NSA Quarterly
Agriculture Employment 2017 202,991 221,035 # Annual
Wage & Salaries 2016 5,587,504,000 5,703,468,000 NCU Annual
Balance of Goods Oct 2020 -186.42 65.07 Mil. BGN, NSA Monthly
Imports of Goods Oct 2020 5,378 5,057 Mil. BGN, NSA Monthly
Current Account Balance Oct 2020 -243.08 -313.84 Mil. BGN, NSA Monthly
Exports of Goods Oct 2020 4,915 4,721 Mil. BGN, NSA Monthly
Exports of Goods and Services 2020 Q3 15,254 14,398 Mil. BGN, SA Quarterly
Real Net Exports 2020 Q3 -2,946 -292.43 Mil. Ch. 2015 BGN, WDASA Quarterly
Imports of Goods and Services 2020 Q3 16,301 13,401 Mil. BGN, SA Quarterly
Real Exports of Goods and Services 2020 Q3 14,028 13,759 Mil. Ch. 2015 BGN, WDASA Quarterly
Net Exports 2020 Q3 1,137 869.84 Mil. BGN, NSA Quarterly
Real Imports of Goods and Services 2019 Q2 15,177 15,974 Mil. Ch. 2010 BGN, WDASA Quarterly
Outstanding Public Debt - Foreign Nov 2020 23,072 23,137 Mil. BGN, NSA Monthly
Outstanding Public Debt - Domestic Nov 2020 5,981 5,994 Mil. BGN, NSA Monthly
Outstanding Public Debt Nov 2020 29,053 29,132 Mil. BGN, NSA Monthly
Gross External Debt Oct 2020 37,326 37,522 Mil. Euros, NSA Monthly
Government Expenditures 2020 Q2 11,762 10,612 Mil. BGN, NSA Quarterly
Government Revenues 2020 Q2 11,112 11,031 Mil. BGN, NSA Quarterly
Government Budget Balance 2020 Q2 -649.76 419.56 Mil. BGN, NSA Quarterly
Stock Market Index 14 Jan 2021 457.4 454.77 Index, NSA Daily
Money Market Rate Nov 2020 -0.65 -0.67 % in Lev, NSA Monthly
Average Long-term Government Bond Apr 2020 0.55 % p.a., NSA Monthly
Lending Rate May 2017 0 0 % - End of period Monthly
Treasury Bills (over 31 days) Jun 2015 0.4 0.36 % p.a., NSA Monthly
Residential Building Completions 2020 Q3 879 766 #, NSA Quarterly
Residential Building Permits 2020 Q3 1,696 1,362 #, NSA Quarterly
Non-residential Building Permits 2020 Q3 1,149 966 #, NSA Quarterly
Building Permits 2020 Q3 2,845 2,328 #, NSA Quarterly
House Price Index 2020 Q3 138.33 134.07 Index 2015=100, NSA Quarterly
House Price Index for New Homes 2020 Q3 134.07 130.06 Index 2015=100, NSA Quarterly
House Price Index for Existing Homes 2020 Q3 140.84 136.43 Index 2015=100, NSA Quarterly
Dwelling Stocks 2019 3,970,719 3,959,285 # Annual
Consumer Confidence 2020 Q4 -37.7 -38.5 Balance of opinion, NSA Quarterly
Retail Sales Nov 2020 121.63 122.67 Index 2015=100, NSA Monthly
Real Retail Sales Nov 2020 116.07 117.01 Vol. Index 2015=100, NSA Monthly
Personal Income 2020 Q3 1,753 1,697 BGN, NSA Quarterly
Capacity Utilization 2020 Q4 70.4 68.8 %, SA Quarterly
Business Confidence Dec 2020 20.1 17.4 Balance of opinion, NSA Monthly
Industrial Production Aug 2020 105.06 115.73 2010=100, NSA Monthly
Change in Inventories 2020 Q2 -171.87 370.23 Mil. BGN, SA Quarterly
Real Change in Inventories 2020 Q2 -171.87 370.23 Mil. BGN, SA Quarterly
Net Migration 2017 -24,001 # Annual
The Bulgars, a Central Asian Turkic tribe, merged with the local Slavic inhabitants in the late 7th century to form the first Bulgarian state. In succeeding centuries, Bulgaria struggled with the Byzantine Empire to assert its place in the Balkans, but by the end of the 14th century the country was overrun by the Ottoman Turks. Northern Bulgaria attained autonomy in 1878 and all of Bulgaria became independent from the Ottoman Empire in 1908. Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1990, when Bulgaria held its first multiparty election since World War II and began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. The country joined NATO in 2004 and the EU in 2007.
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey
almost identical in size to Virginia; slightly larger than Tennessee
border countries (5): Greece 472 km, Macedonia 162 km, Romania 605 km, Serbia 344 km, Turkey 223 km
temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast
elevation extremes: lowest point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Musala 2,925 m
bauxite, copper, lead, zinc, coal, timber, arable land
arable land 29.9%; permanent crops 1.5%; permanent pasture 15.5%
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger populations
earthquakes; landslides
air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia
noun: Bulgarian(s)
adjective: Bulgarian
Bulgarian 76.9%, Turkish 8%, Romani 4.4%, other 0.7% (including Russian, Armenian, and Vlach), other (unknown) 10% (2011 est.)
note: Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 9–11% of Bulgaria's population
Bulgarian (official) 76.8%, Turkish 8.2%, Romani 3.8%, other 0.7%, unspecified 10.5% (2011 est.)
Eastern Orthodox 59.4%, Muslim 7.8%, other (including Catholic, Protestant, Armenian Apostolic Orthodox, and Jewish) 1.7%, none 3.7%, unspecified 27.4% (2011 est.)
65 years and over: 19.28% (male 554,486/female 814,608) (2017 est.)
Europe ::BULGARIA
elderly dependency ratio: 30.5
potential support ratio: 3.3 (2015 est.)
8.7 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
14.5 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
-0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
rate of urbanization: -0.4% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
SOFIA (capital) 1.226 million (2015)
26.7 years (2014 est.)
11 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
total: 8.4 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 9.5 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 7.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
note: percent of women age 20-49 (2007)
4 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
total: 86% of population
total: 14% of population (2015 est.)
total: 15 years
female: 15 years (2015)
conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria
conventional short form: Bulgaria
local long form: Republika Bulgaria
local short form: Bulgaria
etymology: named after the Bulgar tribes who settled the lower Balkan region in the 7th century A.D.
parliamentary republic
name: Sofia
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
28 provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast); Blagoevgrad, Burgas, Dobrich, Gabrovo, Haskovo, Kardzhali, Kyustendil, Lovech, Montana, Pazardzhik, Pernik, Pleven, Plovdiv, Razgrad, Ruse, Shumen, Silistra, Sliven, Smolyan, Sofia, Sofia-Grad (Sofia City), Stara Zagora, Targovishte, Varna, Veliko Tarnovo, Vidin, Vratsa, Yambol
3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)
Liberation Day, 3 March (1878)
history: several previous; latest drafted between late 1990 and early 1991, adopted 13 July 1991
amendments: proposed by the National Assembly or by the president of the republic; passage requires three-fourths majority vote of National Assembly members in three ballots; signed by the National Assembly chairperson; note - under special circumstances, a "Grand National Assembly" is elected with the authority to write a new constitution and amend certain articles of the constitution, including those affecting basic civil rights and national sovereignty; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote in each of several readings; amended several times, last in 2015 (2016)
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Bulgaria
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
chief of state: President Rumen RADEV (since 22 January 2017); Vice President Iliana YOTOVA (since 22 January 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Boyko BORISSOV (since 4 May 2017); note - BORISSOV served 2 previous terms as prime minister (27 July 2009-13 March 2013 and 7 November 2014-27 January 2017)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly
elections/appointments: president and vice president elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 6 and 13 November 2016 (next to be held in fall 2021); chairman of the Council of Ministers (prime minister) elected by the National Assembly; deputy prime ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly
election results: Rumen RADEV elected president in second round; percent of vote - Rumen RADEV (independent, supported by Bulgarian Socialist Party) 59.4%, Tsetska TSACHEVA (GERB) 36.2%, neither 4.5%; Boyko BORISSOV (GERB) elected prime minister; National Assembly vote - 133 to 100
description: unicameral National Assembly or Narodno Sabranie (240 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote to serve 4-year terms)
elections: last held on 26 March 2017 (next to be held spring 2021)
election results: percent of vote by party/coalition - GERB 32.7%, BSP 27.2%, United Patriots 9.1%, DPS 9%, Volya 4.2%, other 17.8%; seats by party/coalition - GERB 95, BSP 80, United Patriots 27, DPS 26, Volya 12
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Cassation (consists of a chairman and approximately 72 judges organized into penal, civil, and commercial colleges); Supreme Administrative Court (organized in 2 colleges with various panels of 5 judges each); Constitutional Court (consists of 12 justices); note - Constitutional Court resides outside the judiciary
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court of Cassation and Supreme Administrative judges elected by the Supreme Judicial Council or SJC (consists of 25 members with extensive legal experience) and appointed by the president; judges can serve until mandatory retirement at age 65; Constitutional Court justices elected by the National Assembly and appointed by the president and the SJC; justices appointed for 9-year terms with renewal of 4 justices every 3 years
subordinate courts: appeals courts; regional and district courts; administrative courts; courts martial
Alternative for Bulgarian Revival or ABV [Konstantin PRODANOV]
Attack (Ataka) [Volen Nikolov SIDEROV]
Bulgarian Agrarian People's Union [Nikolay NENCHEV]
Bulgarian Socialist Party or BSP [Korneliya NINOVA]
Bulgaria of the Citizens or DBG [Meglena KUNEVA]
Citizens for the European Development of Bulgaria or GERB [Boyko BORISSOV]
Democrats for a Strong Bulgaria or DSB [Atanas ATANOSOV]
Democrats for Responsibility, Solidarity, and Tolerance or DOST [Lyutvi MESTAN]
IMRO - Bulgarian National Movement or IMRO-BNM [Krasimir KARAKACHANOV]
Movement for Rights and Freedoms or DPS [Mustafa KARADAYA]
National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria or NFSB [Valeri SIMEONOV]
New Republic (alliance of DSB and other center-right parties) [Radan KANEV]
Reformist Bloc or RB (a four-party alliance including DBG and SDS)
United Patriots (alliance of IMRO-BNM, NFSB, and Attack)
Union of Democratic Forces or SDS [Bozhidar LUKARSKI]
Yes! Bulgaria [Hristo IVANOV]
Volya [Veselin MARESHKI]
Confederation of Independent Trade Unions of Bulgaria or CITUB [Plamen DIMITROV]
Podkrepa Labor Confederation [Dimitar MANOLOV]
other: numerous regional, ethnic, and national interest groups with various agendas
Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, G- 9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
chief of mission: Ambassador Tihomir Anguelov STOYTCHEV (since 27 June 2016)
chancery: 1621 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Eric Seth RUBIN (since 24 February 2016)
embassy: 16 Kozyak Street, Sofia 1408
mailing address: American Embassy Sofia, US Department of State, 5740 Sofia Place, Washington, DC 20521-5740
telephone: [359] (2) 937-5100
FAX: [359] (2) 937-5320
three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; the pan-Slavic white-blue-red colors were modified by substituting a green band (representing freedom) for the blue
note: the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed
lion; national colors: white, green, red
name: "Mila Rodino" (Dear Homeland)
lyrics/music: Tsvetan Tsvetkov RADOSLAVOV
note: adopted 1964; composed in 1885 by a student en route to fight in the Serbo-Bulgarian War
Bulgaria, a former communist country that entered the EU in 2007, has an open economy that historically has demonstrated strong growth, but its per-capita income remains the lowest among EU members and its reliance on energy imports and foreign demand for its exports makes its growth sensitive to external market conditions.
The government undertook significant structural economic reforms in the 1990s to move the economy from a centralized, planned economy to a more liberal, market-driven economy. These reforms included privatization of state-owned enterprises, liberalization of trade, and strengthening of the tax system - changes that initially caused some economic hardships but later helped to attract investment, spur growth, and make gradual improvements to living conditions. From 2000 through 2008, Bulgaria maintained robust, average annual real GDP growth in excess of 6%, which was followed by a deep recession in 2009 as the financial crisis caused domestic demand, exports, capital inflows and industrial production to contract, prompting the government to rein in spending. Real GDP growth remained slow - less than 2% annually - until 2015, when demand from EU countries for Bulgarian exports, plus an inflow of EU development funds, boosted growth to more than 3%. In recent years, strong domestic demand combined with low international energy prices have contributed to Bulgaria's economic growth approaching 4% and have also helped to ease inflation which turned positive in 2017. Bulgaria's prudent public financial management contributed to a balanced budget in 2016 and a near-balanced budget for 2017.
Bulgaria is heavily reliant on energy imports from Russia, a potential vulnerability, and is a participant in EU-backed efforts to diversify regional natural gas supplies. In late 2016, the Bulgarian Government provided funding to Bulgaria's National Electric Company to cover the $695 million compensation owed to Russian nuclear equipment manufacturer Atomstroyexport for the cancellation of the Belene Nuclear Power Plant project, which the Bulgarian Government terminated in 2012. The natural gas market, however, continues to be dominated by state-owned Bulgargaz, which is almost entirely supplied by Russia. Infrastructure projects such as the Inter-Connector Greece-Bulgaria and Inter-Connector Bulgaria-Serbia, which would enable Bulgaria to have access to non-Russian gas, have either stalled or made limited progress. In 2016, the Bulgarian Government established the State eGovernment Agency. This new agency is responsible for the implementation of projects related to electronic governance as well as coordination of national policies in this area with the EU requirements and practices, as well as to strengthen cybersecurity.
Despite a favorable investment regime, including low, flat corporate income taxes, significant challenges remain. Corruption in public administration, a weak judiciary, low productivity, and the presence of organized crime continue to hamper the country's investment climate and economic prospects.
investment in fixed capital: 19%
industry: 28%
vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock
electricity, gas, water; food, beverages, tobacco; machinery and equipment, automotive parts, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel; outsourcing centers
note: number of employed persons (2017 est.)
37 (2015 est.)
revenues: $19.53 billion
expenditures: $20.31 billion (2017 est.)
note:: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the subsectors: central government, state government, local government, and social security funds
0% (31 December 2017 est.)
note: Bulgarian National Bank (BNB) has had no independent monetary policy since the introduction of the Currency Board regime in 1997; this is BNB's base interest rate
$5.45 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
clothing, footwear, iron and steel, machinery and equipment, fuels, agriculture, tobacco, IT components
Germany 13.7%, Italy 9.3%, Romania 8.8%, Turkey 7.9%, Greece 7%, France 4.5% (2016)
machinery and equipment; metals and ores; chemicals and plastics; fuels, minerals, and raw materials
Germany 13.1%, Russia 8.9%, Italy 7.9%, Romania 7%, Turkey 6.2%, Greece 4.8%, Poland 4.1% (2016)
leva (BGN) per US dollar -
1.73 (2017 est.)
electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
4.25 billion kWh (2015 est.)
10.91 million kW (2015 est.)
15 million bbl (1 January 2017 est.)
94 million cu m (2016 est.)
3.209 billion cu m (2015 est.)
5.663 billion cu m (1 January 2017 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 126 (July 2016 est.)
general assessment: inherited an extensive but antiquated telecommunications network from the Soviet era; quality has improved with a modern digital trunk line now connecting switching centers in most of the regions; remaining areas are connected by digital microwave radio relay
domestic: the Bulgaria Telecommunications Company's fixed-line monopoly terminated in 2005 in an effort to upgrade fixed-line services; mobile-cellular teledensity, fostered by multiple service providers, is over 125 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 359; submarine cable provides connectivity to Ukraine and Russia; a combination submarine cable and land fiber-optic system provides connectivity to Italy, Albania, and Macedonia; satellite earth stations - 3 (1 Intersputnik in the Atlantic Ocean region, 2 Intelsat in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2016)
4 national terrestrial TV stations with 1 state-owned and 3 privately owned; a vast array of TV stations are available from cable and satellite TV providers; state-owned national radio broadcasts over 3 networks; large number of private radio stations broadcasting, especially in urban areas (2010)
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,583,340 mt-km (2015)
LZ (2016)
2,438 to 3,047 m: 17
914 to 1,523 m: 2
Heliports:
gas 2,765 km; oil 346 km; refined products 378 km (2017)
Railways:
standard gauge: 4,989 km 1.435-m gauge (2,880 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 125 km 0.760-m gauge (2014)
paved: 19,235 km (includes 458 km of expressways)
unpaved: 277 km
note: does not include Category IV local roads (2011)
Waterways:
470 km (2009)
by type: bulk carrier 2, general cargo 18, oil tanker 8, other 52 (2017)
major seaport(s): Burgas, Varna (Black Sea)
Bulgarian Armed Forces: Land Forces (aka Army), Naval Forces, Bulgarian Air Forces (Voennovazdyshni Sily, VVS) (2017)
18-27 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in January 2008; service obligation 6-9 months (2012)
refugees (country of origin): 15,027 (Syria) (2016)
stateless persons: 67 (2016)
note: 42,366 estimated refugee and migrant arrivals (January 2015 - May 2018); Bulgaria is predominantly a transit country and hosts approximately 1,030 migrants and asylum seekers as of March 2018; 2,562 migrant arrivals in 2017
current situation: Bulgaria is a source and, to a lesser extent, a transit and destination country for men, women, and children subjected to sex trafficking and forced labor; Bulgaria is one of the main sources of human trafficking in the EU; women and children are increasingly sex trafficked domestically, as well as in Europe, Russia, the Middle East, and the US; adults and children become forced laborers in agriculture, construction, and the service sector in Europe, Israel, and Zambia; Romanian girls are also subjected to sex trafficking in Bulgaria
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List – Bulgaria does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in 2014, authorities prosecuted and convicted fewer traffickers and issued suspended sentences for the majority of those convicted; victim protection efforts declined and were minimal relative to the number of victims identified; funding for the state's two NGO-operated shelters was significantly cut, forcing them to close; specialized services for child and adult male victims were non-existent; the government took action to combat trafficking-related complicity among public officials and police officers (2015)
Illicit drugs:
major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; vulnerable to money laundering because of corruption, organized crime; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions
Economic Indicators for Bulgaria including actual values, historical data, and latest data updates for the Bulgaria economy.


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