Oxcarbazepine oral tablet is available as brand-name drugs and as a generic drug. Brand names: Trileptal and Oxtellar XR.
Oxcarbazepine comes as an oral extended-release tablet, immediate-release tablet, and suspension.
Oxcarbazepine oral tablet is used to treat a type of seizure, called a partial seizure, in people with epilepsy.
Oxcarbazepine is a prescription drug. It comes as an oral extended-release tablet, immediate-release tablet, and suspension.
Oxcarbazepine oral tablet is available as the brand-name drugs Trileptal and Oxtellar XR. It's also available as a generic drug. Generic drugs usually cost less than the brand-name version. In some cases, they may not be available in every strength or form as the brand-name drug.
The immediate-release tablet may be used alone or as part of a combination therapy with other medications to treat seizures. The extended-release tablet is always used with other medications.
Oxcarbazepine is used to treat partial seizures in people with epilepsy.
Don't suddenly stop taking this drug unless your doctor tells you to. Doing so may cause you to have more severe seizures. If your doctor is stopping your treatment with oxcarbazepine, your dosage will be slowly lowered to reduce your risk of having more seizures.
Oxcarbazepine belongs to a class of drugs called antiepileptic medications. A class of drugs is a group of medications that work in a similar way. These drugs are often used to treat similar conditions.
It isn't known exactly how this drug works to stop seizures. It may block sodium channels to stop seizures from spreading to the rest of the brain. It may also act on potassium and calcium in the brain to stop seizures.
Oxcarbazepine oral tablet may cause drowsiness. It can also slow your thinking and reaction time. You shouldn't drive, use machinery, or do similar tasks that require alertness until you know how this drug affects you.
The more common side effects of oxcarbazepine depend on the drug form.
Oxcarbazepine oral tablet can interact with other medications, vitamins, or herbs you may be taking. An interaction is when a substance changes the way a drug works. This can be harmful or prevent the drug from working well.
Examples of drugs that can cause interactions with oxcarbazepine are listed below.
Transdermal selegiline can not be taken with oxcarbazepine. Taking them together could lead to side effects that could be life-threatening. These side effects include a high blood pressure crisis, seizures, coma, or heart collapse.
Taking oxcarbazepine with phenytoin increases phenytoin levels in your blood. This raises your risk of side effects from phenytoin. Your doctor may decrease your dosage of phenytoin if you take it with oxcarbazepine.
Many people who are allergic to carbamazepine are also allergic to this drug. Tell your doctor if you're allergic to carbamazepine.
You shouldn't drink alcohol while taking oxcarbazepine. Alcohol can worsen certain side effects from the drug, such as sleepiness or dizziness.
For people with liver problems: Your doctor won't need to change your oxcarbazepine dosage if you have mild or moderate liver problems. If you have severe liver problems, your doctor may monitor your oxcarbazepine usage more closely.
For people with kidney problems: This drug is removed from your body by your kidneys. If you have severe kidney damage (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/minute), your doctor may give you a lower dosage, and increase the dosage slowly. This can help prevent too much of the drug from building up in your body and causing side effects.
For women who are breastfeeding: This drug passes into breast milk and can cause serious effects in a child who is breastfed. You and your doctor may need to decide if you'll take this drug or breastfeed.
Call your doctor if your seizures get worse or if you have any new types of seizures while taking this drug.
For seniors: As you age, your kidneys may not work as well as they once did. Your body may process this drug more slowly. Your doctor may start you on a lowered dosage so that too much of this drug doesn't build up in your body. Or they may prescribe a different drug to treat your seizures. Too much of the drug in your body can be dangerous. Your kidney function (creatinine clearance) should be checked before you start taking this drug.
The maximum dosage is 1,200 mg taken by mouth two times per day.
Your doctor may have you start with 300 mg taken two times per day. Your doctor may then increase your total daily dosage by 300 mg every 3 days to a dosage of 1,200 mg/day (600 mg two times per day).
The maximum dosage is 600 mg taken by mouth two times per day.
Start with 300 mg taken two times per day. Each week, your doctor may increase your total daily dosage by no more than 600 mg.
If you're taking dosages over 1,200 mg per day, you doctor should monitor you closely for side effects during dosage increases.
You may start with 300 mg of oxcarbazepine taken twice per day. At the same time, your doctor may start to reduce the dosage of your other seizure drug(s). It may take three to six weeks to be completely off your other seizure drug(s). Your doctor should monitor you closely during this overlapping time period.
Each week, your doctor may increase your total daily dosage by no more than 600 mg.
Your child's dosage will be based on their weight. It will also be based on whether they're switching from one seizure medication to another.
Your child's dosage will be based on their weight.
Oxcarbazepine is removed from your body through your kidneys. As you age, your kidneys may not work as well as they used to. If you have kidney problems, your doctor may start you at half of the standard starting dosage (300 mg per day) and increase your dosage slowly.
The recommended dosage is 1,200–2,400 mg taken by mouth once per day.
This drug is not recommended for children younger than 6 years.
Your doctor may want to start at a lower dosage (300 mg or 450 mg per day). Your doctor may increase your dosage each week by 300–450 mg per day until you're at a dosage that's working to control your seizures.
People with kidney problems: If you have severe kidney damage (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/minute), your doctor may start you at half of the usual starting dosage of the immediate-release tablet (300 mg per day) and increase it slowly.
For the extended-release tablet, your doctor may increase your dosage once per week by 300–450 mg per day until the dosage is working for you.
If you're using higher doses (higher than 1,200 mg per day) of the immediate-release tablets, your doctor should monitor you closely during dosage increases.
Your dosage will decrease as you age since your body gets rid of the drug more slowly as you age.
If your doctor wants to switch you from immediate-release tablets (Trileptal) to the extended-release form (Oxtellar XR), you may need a higher dosage.
Disclaimer: Our goal is to provide you with the most relevant and current information. However, because drugs affect each person differently, we cannot guarantee that this list includes all possible dosages. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always talk to your doctor or pharmacist about dosages that are right for you.
Oxcarbazepine is used for long-term treatment. It comes with serious risks if you don't take it as prescribed.
If you stop taking the drug suddenly or don't take it at all: This may cause serious problems, such as having more seizures, or seizures that don't stop.
If you take too much: Your doctor will treat any symptoms you're having. These could include tremors, lack of coordination, double vision or trouble seeing, drowsiness, slowed heart rate, or coma.
If you think that you've taken too much of this drug, call your doctor or local poison control center. If the symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room right away.
How to tell this drug is working: You should have fewer seizures.
Keep these considerations in mind if your doctor prescribes oxcarbazepine for you.
Take the extended-release form without food. If you don't take these tablets on an empty stomach, you may be more likely to have side effects. Food causes higher levels of the medication to build up in your blood.
The immediate-release tablet can be taken with or without food.
Take the extended-release form one time per day. Take it at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
Don't cut, crush, or chew the extended-release tablets.
Store oxcarbazepine at room temperature between 59°F and 86°F (15°C and 30°C).


I love your montage of Spring elements particular the fabric rabbit border and knitted logging dogs! How very colourful and lovely to have Spring flowers.
Wonder if you will be – actually I cant believe you won't! – be making a scrap book of your travels and bringing back a big bag of treasures! Wishing you and Andyman an amazing and wonderful holiday.


I'm humble. I don't want to brag about our awesome upcoming writing workshops. (Yes, Kelly Wallace and I are leading some workshops on blogging.) But let me brag or blog about my friends' blogs.
Blogging is about sharing the wealth of your knowledge. I wish more of my friends would blog because it's fun. I like finding out what my friends are thinking. Here are three recommendations from some of my besties. And these are my friends IRL (in real life!).
Linda Bloom's blog – Linda's an emptynester so check out her take on how Modern Family depicts the college years.
Jolain's blog – Jolain comments on fashion. She does all the artwork herself. I love her drawings.
My friends are creative geniuses.
They have stories to tell and pictures to share. They have opinions I value.
For a while, my friend Dan posted on a blog about everything he ate. It was interesting because I never realized he ate so many sardines. It got me interested in eating sardines.
Dan discovered one secret to getting readers to check out your blog — mention chocolate (not sardines!). I will try to gain readers by bragging about my friends' blogs. And I will resort to chocolate if necessary.


France's new government announced a new bill on Thursday aimed at cleaning up politics after a flurry of recent scandals and restoring the faith of a French public who deeply distrust their political leaders.
The reform was announced by François Bayrou (see photo below), the man recently named by Emmanuel Macron as France's Justice Minister. He said the government's aim was to restore faith in the country's politicians.
Bayrou's much-hyped bill includes a standout measure that would bar MPs from hiring family members as their parliamentary assistants or indeed in any other roles.
That means sons, daughters, parents or indeed husbands and wives.
The move comes after January's revelations over the alleged fake parliamentary job that defeated presidential candidate François Fillon gave his wife Penelope, that led to him being charged by investigators.
The scandal known as "Penelope gate" was credited with Fillon's humiliating performance in the presidential election when he became the first right wing candidate not to make the second round runoff vote.
Among the other proposals announced by Bayrou was a plan to bar individuals from seeking elected positions for 10 years if they have been convicted of any crime, either serious or minor, relating to financial fraud or corruption.
And MPs finances will also be altered. From now expenses will be reimbursed only with the production of valid receipts, rather than previously where MPs were simply given a sum to cover their expenses.
"This isn't about making people think we will fix all the problems about individual morality with a new bill," said Bayrou. "No one really believes that a bill will make all actors in public life virtuous.
"Institutions are not made to make people virtuous," Bayrou said. "But knowing that not everyone is, they are made to help avoid instances where human weaknesses contaminate politics".
Bayrou's bill comes as one of his fellow ministers Richard Ferrand, one of Macron's closest allies, is under increasing pressure to resign over allegations he favoured his wife in a lucrative deal with a public health insurance fund when he headed the company.
Bayrou also wants to end the notion of "one rule for politicians and another rule for everyone else". He wants to scrap the Court of Justice of the Republic which is a separate jurisdiction for ministers. In future their misdemeanors will be judged by magistrates and not parliamentarians.
Other measures will prevent former presidents from joining France's Constitutional Council as well as limiting elected representatives such as MPs to three terms in the same office.
He also wants to create a "bank of democracy" for the financing of election campaigns.
MPs will also be forced to declare conflicts or interest and be barred from voting on any issues where there is a clash.
Macron has repeatedly vowed to clean up politics after the Fillon fake jobs scandal made corruption among politicians a major election issue.
A poll carried out by the Cevipof research institute before the presidential election found that the mast majority of French people believed their politicians were corrupt.


Nancy A. Everson. : "April 1992."
Ralph Ferraro, editor. : "October 1992."
International Dobson Data Workshop (1991 : Lanham, Md.), issuing body.
Robert D. Hudson and Walter G. Planet. : "February 1992." : Includes bibliographical references (page 23).


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Number Direct>Articles>8 Alternative Dating Sites And Apps For Those Who Hate Tinder
8 Alternative Dating Sites And Apps For Those Who Hate Tinder
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If you're single this Valentine's day, do not despair. No matter who you are or what you're into, we believe there's a person out there for you.
If you have a particular preference when it comes to choosing a mate, whether you have a passion for beards or a thing for sugar daddies, you're probably not going to find them on Tinder. Not to worry though, there's a million alternatives out there that cater to every desire and fetish you can think of, and could actually help you meet your perfect match, without having to wade through all the crap. Forget Tinder and Plenty Of Fish, try one of these instead.
The Tastebuds app is the place to meet new people through the music you love. Scan your iPhone music library or add your favourite bands to see people nearby who have the most in common with you. Tastebuds is not only good for dating, you can make new friends, and even find concert buddies. Browse your music matches and send them a song to break the ice.
We like eHarmony for it's more scientific and in-depth approach. They try and understand your more holistically than most other dating sites by making you fill in a questionnaire. They do this so they can bring you truly meaningful matches. eHarmony believe there are better ways to do online dating than trawling through an endless list of pictures and profiles. We think so too.
Hinge is a recent addition to the mobile dating scene. It gives you a daily delivery of people hand-selected from your own social circles. No randoms. Hinge believe in keeping things real, allowing you to meet real people, through your real friends, in real life; Just like you would at a friend's house party, dinner or wedding.
Sugar daddie
Interested in bagging yourself a sugar Daddy? Sugardaddie.com is a high quality dating site for successful men who have financial security and confidence, as well as attractive single women who are looking for this kind of mature man. The site is pretty famous too, and has been featured on shows like Richard and Judy and Dr. Phil. You may have to meet certain requirements before you get accepted, it's certainly worth a try.
Facemate
Do you believe that as humans we tend to be attracted to and compatible with people who have similar facial features as ourselves? This app does, and uses fancy facial recognition software to identify similar faces for a perfect match. If you love your face and want to look at it all day, then finding a partner with a similar face to you might be just what you're after. Tad creepy though.
Purrsonals
If you're a self-confessed crazy cat lady (or man), and simply cannot abide anyone who doesn't share the same love for those cute furry felines, this is for you. Here you can talk about your Cat's until your heart's content, and everybody knows cat-lovers are amazing people. Oh and FYI – it's been featured on the Ellen Degeneres show.
Bristlr is for anyone who's either got a beard or wants to stroke one. If you love beards this is the app for you. They find people looking for beards, and match them with people who have beards. Simples. With this app, the focus is shifted from hook-ups to a more light-hearted kind of thing.
My lovely parent
We think this is one of the cutest things ever. For those who need a little encouragement comes a site like My Lovely Parent. This site helps mature single Mums or Dads find a partner. Select who it's for, write a little about them, and they'll send them a link to complete their profile. You can then suggest some potential matches for them to look at. Perfect for those who are not as tech savvy as the younger generation.
Don't be discouraged if none of these are for you, there's plenty more where these came from.
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Number Direct is a telephone directory and call routing service and is not connected to BT. The direct contact number for BT can be found in the public domain or on their official website.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Liverpool midfielder Lucas has won the most tackles in the Premier League so far this season.
The Brazilian ace, 28, has played a significant role on Merseyside recently and now appears to be an important player under the guidance of boss Jurgen Klopp.
In fact, according to EA SPORTS' Player Performance Index, Lucas is the only man in England's elite division to have won over 50 tackles throughout the course of the campaign so far.
Despite coming close to a red card against Chelsea this past weekend, Lucas has won 83.08% of his tackles.
Incredibly, Lucas leads the way in the top 10 tacklers in the division despite having played less games than his counterparts.
It's safe to say, then, that Liverpool fans will be quite pleased that former manager Brendan Rodgers didn't move Lucas on in the summer transfer window.
Before Liverpool battled Arsenal at the Emirates stadium back in August, the midfielder looked likely to leave the club behind on a permanent basis.
However, after a strong outing in north London, the dynamic ace has gone from strength-to-strength in recent weeks. Reds fans will be hoping that he continues to shine in the middle of the park for the foreseeable future.
Liverpool fans: are you pleased that Lucas stayed at your club? Have your say below!


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Let Sadiq Speak: Corbyn faces backlash over decision to gag London Mayor
Labour party bosses are facing a backlash led by Unison, the country's second largest union, over a decision to prevent London Mayor Sadiq Khan addressing annual conference in Brighton next week.
Khan, who defeated Zac Goldsmith in a bitter mayoral contest last year, was told last month his speech had been removed from the conference programme because the Labour leadership wants to make more time for delegates to speak. A record number of delegates are expected to attend conference this year. Greater Manchester Metro mayor Andy Burnham has also not been included in the conference schedule.
Unison, which has two representatives on the National Executive Committee, raised the issue of Khan's conference snub at a lengthy meeting of Labour's 35-person governing body in London on Tuesday afternoon. It is understood that Keith Birch and Wendy Nichols appealed directly to party officials, and to Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, to reconsider their decision to silence Khan. Birch said Khan has become a politician with international standing since he was elected as Europe's first Muslim mayor following a contest with Goldsmith that was characterised by a relentlessly negative Tory campaign. Nichols said black and minority ethnic Labour members in her own constituency could not understand why Khan will not be speaking.
Unison's campaign to have the decision overturned was supported at the meeting by George Howarth, one of three backbench MPs on the NEC. He reminded Corbyn that – unless and until the Labour leader is elected Prime Minister – Khan is the most senior elected Labour politician in the country, running by far the biggest city in the country and overseeing a total budget of £17 billion. It is understood that Corbyn listened to their arguments but did not respond. The NEC agreed that the Conference Arrangements Committee, which is responsible for the programme in Brighton, will discuss the decision to remove Khan from the schedule when it meets later today.
Keith Vaz MP, who represents BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) Labour members on the NEC, said Bristol mayor Marvyn Rees should address conference. He pointed out that Rees is the only afro-Caribbean mayor in the UK and complained that his speech to conference in Liverpool last year was cut short, according to sources at the meeting.
The official explanation for removing Khan and Burnham from the conference schedule is that time constraints mean it is simply not possible for every senior Labour figures to speak. Only a handful of senior shadow cabinet figures, including Shadow Education Secretary Angela Rayner, Foreign Affairs spokeswoman Emily Thornberry and Shadow Health Secretary Jon Ashworth, will make speeches. But some of Corbyn's critics have claimed the decision is politically motivated.
The London mayor made a well-received speech in Liverpool last year which contained some thinly-veiled criticisms of the Labour leader. He spoke pointedly about the need to win power in order to implement Labour policies. That was interpreted by many observers as a message to the party to recognise the popular appeal of Khan's pragmatic, election-winning programme and reject Corbyn's more traditional, left-wing policy platform.
The shock election result in June has prompted a reassessment of Corbyn's electoral appeal, however. The Labour leader closed a twenty-point gap in the polls, denied the Tories an overall majority and defied the predictions of pundits, the media and many of his own MPs in an election which saw a 2 per cent swing from the Tories to Labour. He is now ahead in the polls and favourite to become the next Prime Minister.
That reversal in Corbyn's fortunes and the strength of his position as leader were underlined yesterday when the NEC unanimously agreed to rule changes he proposed. A plan to reduce the number of nominations leadership candidates must win from MPs and MEP in order to run in the event of a vacancy from 15% to 10% was unanimously agreed by the NEC.
Another proposal put forward by Corbyn, which will increase the number of NEC seats held by rank and file members from six to nine, was also voted through without opposition. Both rule changes will need to be ratified and approved by conference next week but there is little doubt they will be passed.
Jennie over Jon: Unite leads Momentum as battle to lead Labour begins
Jon Lansman has declared his intention to run for General Secretary of the Labour Party, but he starts the race far behind favourite Jennie Formby with just two endorsements to her thirty-three.
Suspended Newham councillor helping Momentum paint east London red
Labour councillor suspended for abusive behaviour is helping Momentum gain control of local parties in east London.
Momentum chief demands shadow equalities minister is sacked over "dyke" slur
Labour's equalities spokesperson and deputy leader in Wales is coming under increasing pressure to stand down from both roles.
EXPLAINER: Jezza's Brexit muddle is about party management, not stopping Brexit
Jeremy Corbyn has tied himself in knots as he tries to manage party divisions over a second referendum.
Uncategorized	 3 April, 2018
Momentum boss tells BBC Labour antisemitism is not 'smears' and must be taken seriously
Summary of Jon Lansman's Today programme interview on anti-semitism.
Uncategorized	 18 January, 2019
WELSH MELTDOWN: Drakeford must take his share of blame for nuclear job losses
Predictions that the new First Minister's hostility to nuclear could prove disastrous appear to have been well-founded.
Skwawkbox
Uncategorized	 15 March, 2018
Spreading conspiracy theories blaming Israel for the Salisbury attack, the Alt-left media are doing Vladimir Putin's work for him
Following the attack in Salisbury of former Russian spy Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia, Alt-left media sites The Canary, Evolve Politics, and Skwawkbox, have been promoting conspiracy theories which blame the British government, Israel, the United States and Uzbekistan.
It's a Murray family affair
Whether it's paranoia of widening their tight circle, or simply wanting to do favours for old friends, the top of the Labour Party is dominated by nepotism.


I was nestled into one of the few chairs in our luxuriously appointed coffee room that still has its full quota of supporting straps under the cushion when one of our assistants stormed in. She was so angry that she almost plonked herself down in the place we reserve for visiting PCT dignitaries, the chair with only a single bungee remaining to prevent an occupant's backside hitting the floor, specially set up for scalding-coffee-in-the-lap scenarios.
'I hate that man! He's a board-certified, top-of-the-range sleazeball. He is the creeps' creep. Compared with him, Charlie Sheen looks as squeaky clean as a can of Mister Sheen. How his wife puts up with him I'll never know,' she said.
Sarah is not normally moved to outbursts like this. Her main selling points, colleague-wise, are her clinical acumen, her even temper and the fact that her trainer was an expatriate Madrileño with a heavenly name, so that every time she asks me how to deal with a tricky situation I get to put on my serious face and say: 'Sarah, let's think. What would Jesus do?' She never tires of that one.
It was her concern that one day, as a result of that boiling hatred, she'd miss something obvious, either in the history, peppered as it was with innuendo, or, if it became absolutely necessary, when she laid hands upon him.
It's been five years since Terry died. Rendered housebound by rheumatoid arthritis, virtually bed-bound as a result of pneumoconiosis, he could spin a fine yarn about life down the pit, in the choir and, of course, cheering on the rugby at the Arms Park with a doctor's paper stuffed in his pocket.
So when he bled from his tail end for the first time in years, for a month or two at least we just put it down to drug-induced constipation and his well-documented piles. Terry was just too nice a bloke to have a massive, low-lying rectal tumour to deal with on top of everything else.
Except, of course, that he wasn't. Whether the delay made a difference, no-one knows. But if and when Sarah's current bête noire develops a malignancy, she isn't going to miss it. She can be certain of that.


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You are here: Home / Campus News / Cadet Sgt. Maj. Coston reflects on dismissal, defends approach to improving Corps
Cadet Sgt. Maj. Coston reflects on dismissal, defends approach to improving Corps
By Liam Carroll, Guidon Staff Writer
Command Sgt. Maj. Matthew Coston delivering his speech during Recognition.
Since freshman year, Matthew Coston wanted to be the cadet regimental command sergeant major in Norwich University's Corps of Cadets. As a senior this year, he applied for the job and got it.
"It was an awesome experience," said the 21-year-old criminal justice major from Boston, Mass.
It also ended unexpectedly with his dismissal Feb. 3, an unusual event in the Corps of Cadets. In an interview, Coston reflected on his situation and defended his approach to improving the Corps and his passion for the job.
Coston was a vocal advocate for a new set of standards that all recruits would have to meet in order to be recognized as corps members.
But his hopes to see that happen were dashed, leaving Coston unhappy, and at the Rook Recognition ceremony he delivered a speech that landed him in some hot water.
Due to his remarks at Recognition and several other incidents, Coston was relieved of his position. Regimental Commander Cadet Colonel Ryan Sutherland moved quickly to find a new regimental command sergeant major appointing cadet Jacob Bergeron to the key post last week.
"Basically the regimental (command) sergeant major's job is to advise the regimental commander (the cadet colonel), and to supervise and assist with training," according to Command Sgt. Maj. Richard Bergen.
Bergen, as a senior enlisted advisor for the corps, is essentially the regimental sergeant major's counterpart on the commandant staff's level.
Coston's job put him at the front of efforts to implement standards for an individualized Recognition, which meant passing a physical fitness test, proper room and uniform standards, and passing the rook knowledge test in order for each rook to be recognized.
He had high hopes for the plan, explaining that it would remove "those who can't meet a simple standard" from the corps. It would progressively change the makeup of the Corps of Cadets, Coston said.
"In four years, you've got 100 percent of the corps proficient in all these areas."
However, the new technical standards were cut at the last minute on orders of Norwich University President Richard W. Schneider's orders, due to confusion about the procedure how they were implemented. That decision came after a week of deliberation among the commandant staff, Sutherland, and President Schneider.
Though the idea of individualized standards has not been ruled out for the future, many were disappointed that it fell through, especially Coston.
"We finally had a system to provide Norwich and the Corps of Cadets with viable recruits," he said. "They had chance, a dying chance, but now the corps is not going to change."
So, on recognition night, Coston's strong feelings about the standard came out. "I asked the cadet colonel (Sutherland) if he minded if I gave a speech," said Coston. Sutherland gave him the green light.
"I knew what I said was going to be somewhat controversial," said Coston, adding that he understood that night wasn't the right time to make his comments.
He said even as he delivered them he considered that they could lead to his dismissal – and was not surprised when he was. But, regardless, he delivered the speech.
He opened by congratulating freshmen who met the standard to become cadets, then asked them to give themselves a round of applause.
There were about "60 paws that shouldn't be clapping," he told the crowd, referring to the recruits who failed to meet all the standards set out at the beginning of the year.
Coston said that only those who passed deserved to be recognized, telling the failures that they needed to try harder. And then he relinquished the microphone.
"It was what everyone was thinking but no one really said," he explained. He said that if the crowd turned against him, he would have stopped, but the upperclassmen supported him.
"It wasn't like I was saying lies," he said. Coston said he did not intend to offend anyone; rather the speech was meant to be motivating: "It was meant to push them more."
"If the school wants the corps to have a standard, they have to apply it," Coston said. "Everything here is merit-based," he added. "You have to decide who doesn't meet the standard."
Coston is concerned about what new cadets will learn from the entire experience. "Sometimes your best isn't good enough," he said, "simple as that."
Coston defended his efforts to better the corps and the way he went about things, arguing that he tried to give the corps what he believed they needed at that time.
"I did what I thought the corps needed," Coston said. "I'm curt and maybe abrasive, and I don't always have the best control (over) what words come out of my mouth, but none of that came as a surprise."
He admitted that he tends to be more confrontational than others, and said he refused to be a "passive" command sergeant major, explaining that there are different approaches to enforcing standards.
He said that a sergeant major can either confront individuals who violate the standard and give them an opportunity to fix their mistake, or simply observe and report violations.
Going into the year, beginning with Leader's Week, it was obvious which style of leadership Coston opted for. His brusque approach got him into trouble on occasion throughout the year.
Once, a rook told him how many days were left until Junior Ring Ceremony. Then Coston told the rook that he (Coston) was a senior, handed him his ring and told the rook to return it when he thought Coston deserved it.
Coston explained why he did things like that. "He'll always have that story," he said, and "he'll never make that mistake again."
"Coston's passion for the standards is something that I think we can all admire," said Sutherland, who is a 22-year-old senior computer security and information assurance major from Palmyra, Pa. "He's very true to his values and that's exactly what I wanted in a sergeant major."
According to Coston, the passion with which he upheld the standard was because of "the level of care and respect (he) once had for this institution," Coston said. After being relieved of his position, Coston said that passion is gone.
Sutherland asked cadet battalion commanders and regimental staff for input on choosing someone to replace Coston. With his subordinate leader's recommendations in mind, Sutherland said that they narrowed it down to three names: On the short list was Thomas Banyacski, Jacob Bergeron, and Donald Gray.
All three candidates served as battalion command sergeant majors last year, and Bergeron, who was subsequently chosen, applied for the job this year. Previously he held a position with the inspector general, as chief of standards.
The position Bergeron leaves behind will also need to be filled, requiring further personnel changes.
As per Norwich Corps of Cadets (NUCC) Standard Operating Procedure, the regimental command sergeant major is responsible for a variety of programs that need planning and direction. They are vital in the operation of the corps.
The regimental sergeant major is also supposed to assess "training proficiency and NCO leadership development," according to the SOP, and with next year's promotions underway, it will be important for the new leader to coordinate the sophomore shadow program, which the sergeant major is also placed in charge of as well.
As for Coston, Sutherland plans to place him in a position as a physical training instructor (PTI). He hopes to make use of Coston's "passion and motivation for improving the corps and improving the corps standards."
However, Coston said he is "more interested in helping a friend that needs to fill positions with a competent person, than helping the Corps." After the events of the past weeks and his termination, he said he has lost most of the motivation to improve the corps. Graduation cannot come soon enough for the soon-to-be commissioned officer.
Rob Clark '93 says:
How the Corps has changed and the administration hasn't, some for the better and some for the worst. I was on the civilian integration committee in 92-93 when VC students were coming to the Hill. No cadet liked it but it was going to happen. We wanted them off the Hill as soon as possible to maintain the traditions of the MCV. Since then I have seen decline in the Corps traditions. This Cadet was trying to bring something back. The administration really needs to be changed to bring back a bit of the Old Corps. There is nothing wrong with tradition and class esprit de corps. It can still exist and have great academics at the same time. I hope that the NUCC experience improves in the future so new alumni can been identify with the classes of my time, if not I believe that the bond alumni will have in the future will grow wider. Good job Coston.
Rick Price says:
In 1992, I was the Cadet Company Commander of Kilo Company. I had always been a very dedicated cadet and I absorbed the Norwich culture of the day like a sponge. I loved it there. Back in that time, the program for Marine Option NROTC cadets was a little bit lean. We had good leadership and absolutely great guys in the program, but while the Army cadets had a robust tactical training environment, we would-be Marines learned our profession in classrooms. My friend Mike Myers and I decided to change that, and we volunteered at every chance to act as OPFOR for the army program. Whenever the opportunity arose, we and a small group of mostly Marine Option cadets would head to the field with the Army program and don whatever gear they could spare in order to eke out some field time for ourselves and hopefully enhance the army's training as well. We had the great idea when we were seniors to liven up our capabilities with some fireworks. A freshman from another company who was heading to South Carolina on Winter Break was just the mule we needed. He came back with an array of fireworks, and Mike and I chose a few that we felt would be the best simulators for our purposes. They were, of course, not allowed at school. We used a few on one army FTX, and the rest sat in a drawer as our senior year drew to a close. One weekend, our trusty mule decided to cook off a smoke bomb in Goodyear. He was caught, and in a fit of honesty or a bid to ease his own punishment, he informed his inquisitors that "Captain Price and Major Myers have fireworks, too".
We were busted. We got tours, community service, and a week and a half of Close Military Confinement. We were assigned to various duties on Junior Weekend. Mike took the hard line and became a Private. I traded spots with my XO. It was made more painful because Kilo and the rest of 4th Battalion (Lima and Mike Companies) were forced to fold our colors that year due to low enrollment. I watched from the back of the formation. You should know that back then, cadets did not change companies very often, and your company was your home.
My point in relaying this aging tale here is that I too was once a loyal cadet who felt that the school turned on him. I too felt bitter and unappreciated, and that Norwich had not only failed me, but failed itself. After all, I was GOOD. I had great intentions. I was selfless. I was for The Wick, for the Marine program, and for Kilo. Admittedly, my resentment lasted for a while. As I grew older and the scope of my responsibility grew, I realized that like Cadet Coston, I had put my school into an position where it had no choice. I was a leader who had made a poor leadership decision and I suffered appropriate consequences. The good news is that my ire subsided, and I still love that place. I return every five years and that old bitterness is just a funny story we tell over beers. I am glad to this day that I learned a lesion about consequences, and about how a thing can be greater than the sum of it's parts.
Francis D. Koylenski, NU Class of 1971 says:
It seems that age and experience often change one's opinions of how judgement and treatment should be/should have been applied. The long view brings perspective on many things. Sharing stories like yours, and the honesty to consider all sides of an issue are some of the things that bind us to our NU brothers and sisters forever.
I salute you.
Tom Hickey says:
So the Regimental Commander and staff determined a set of standards, which were then vetoed for procedural reasons at the last minute?
That doesn't sound like the Corps running the Corps.
The Regimental Commander authorized his senior NCO to give a speech?
If the speech was so egregious then the RC should be fired because he authorized it.
Under President Schneider the stories never change. I graduated in 2005 and experienced commandant staff sharpshooting decisions and preventing cadets from practicing leadership consistently.
President Schneider should demonstrate leadership by allowing cadets to make decisions within the corps. When I was a cadet we were told that the "real military doesn't do things that way" consistently by commandant staff. Sometimes I think about how much I would enjoy sitting down with them now, after almost ten years in the service, and quizzing them on their military experience. I think their experience would be lacking.
Nick Jacobs says:
Hang in there Coston. You sound like a good kid…I see you have lost some motivation, and graduation can't come soon enough, but this lesson will be the best one you can learn. I've been a cop for the last 10 years of my life, and what you're going through, I have had to endure throughout my career. People don't want to hear the truth, and everyone gets a prize for participating these days. It's the way of the world, and liberal America. All you can do, is impress your teachings under a few, that you can take under your wing. I pull a couple rookies under my wing, from time to time, and show them how to be "real po-lice". That's all you can do kid. Keep ya head up, and enjoy your last days of freedom as a college kid!! Norwich Forever!
Overheard at Norwich says:
This is what happens when you preach the common sense at Norwich. You get a mind of your own, and some influence, you make waves. You make those waves too rough and not everyone can weather it.
Coston was a great r/CSM. Anyone who doesn't think that, they probably never have faced confrontation in their lives. The very point of the r/CSM is to pump respect into the Corps. Coston was tough, but he did lead by example.
The administration needs a reality check. Reasons like these are why they nickname the place Camp Cupcake.
Damn. What a shame.
Mark Maitag NUCC'94 says:
Whose decision was it to recognize the 60 Rooks that did not meet the standard, per se? What evidence supports Cadet Coston's accusations? While I do not agree with Cadet Coston's misplaced actions, I would be interested in learning about the recognition process that he felt passionately about, and who made the decision to recognize Rooks that may not have met the standard.
Engaging decision/policy makers is the way to influence the process – not by engaging the victims of a decision.
LTC Mark Maitag
NUCC '94
Jeff McGowan NUCC'96 says:
I really admire Cadet Coston's drive and would encourage him not to lose faith. The Corps of Cadets extends way beyond your four years in University. Everyone wants the Corps to be in top shape and keen minded but we must bear in mind that the University is also a business. A non-profit corporation that has to take into account profits from student tuition amongst other sources (and also avoid lawsuits). Page 18 shows the 2012-2013 asset/liability comparison: http://www.alumni.norwich.edu/s/758/images/editor_documents/laura_/annual_report_2013.pdf
Going by some numbers I found on line, there are 2300 total students at Norwich. 60% or 1380 make up the Corps of Cadets. I think in the 90's, the Corps was in the 700-900 range. The conundrum here is that if you make things too hard, people won't want to attend. Also, if you make it too easy, people won't want to attend. Cadet Coston mentioned that there were 60 cadets that did not meet standards. That's a 96% success rate.
I would also encourage the administration to get out of the office more. I work for a phone company and we have the same structure as any other business. The thing is, when our leaders get down to the technician level and talk to the folks who actually work on the equipment that drives the business, they sometimes get a different picture than what a balance sheet says.
Matthew Kaye NUCC '13 says:
This is an ongoing issue at Norwich. I witnessed it to a small degree as a rook, and I noticed it even more as a senior after taking off two years for a deployment with the National Guard. To be perfectly honest, I'm embarrassed to have any association with this school and with this Corps. I have witnessed an alarming decline in the moral fortitude and leadership abilities of many of the commissioning seniors (note I say "many", not all. There are plenty of excellent junior officers coming out of here, but they are a minority in my opinion.) I see decision making being replaced by strict adherence to Rules and Regs Vs. allowing cadet leaders to evaluate situations and make their own decisions in light of what is in the cadet/units best interests. This alarms me. Officers today are forced to make difficult decisions. My limiting their capabilities to SOP's and regulations you deny them the opportunity to learn and grow as leaders. You completely undermine the leadership development process when you micromanage them (i.e. the commandants staff, who are, in my opinion as a lowly Army NCO, an utter disgrace to the Corps and the heart of many problems facing the university). Furthermore, I see the development of "military bureaucracy". That ugly demon that plague the big Army day and day out, is now being taught at Norwich and encouraged by the commandants staff. What happen to C/CSM Coston is a classic example of that. This leaves me very disappointed, in fact, heart broken. The best I think we can do as Alumni is remember Norwich for what it was. Not what it has become.
Ryan Moore NUCC '11, RCSM says:
I couldn't disagree more with you Mathew. The Commandants Staff does an outstanding job at giving the leadership of the Corps of Cadets a say in all things to do with the Corps. After being selected for RCSM, the Regimental Cadet Colonel and I, more or less, got to hand pick who we wanted to help us run the Corps of Cadets that year. Further, ever week we hold a meeting with them to evaluate the issues in the Corps and I assure you, they understand our want and desire to train hard and keep a standard. I would argue that your attitude from day one, having been your classmate, fell short of what the Corps of Cadets really needed in future leaders. I do not mean to detract from all that you have done with your time in service with the Army. You cannot show up to a leadership school unwilling to learn how to lead. If we do not have a set of rules and SOP's to govern our actions, than what are we? We certainly did not become the world's greatest fighting force with no SOPs and Regulations. If Cadet Coston is the leader I know him to be, he learned a valuable lesson that day at Norwich, a lesson that can only be learned in an environment such as Norwich. Now, he is better equipped than before to step in front of his first Platoon of Marines and understand that maybe not all of them "deserve" to be there, but it doesn't matter, because it isn't his job to determine if they should be Marines, it is his job to find out a way to get to these Marines and prepare them for war. He is going to make a great Marine Officer. I am very proud to have been a part of the Corps of Cadets. Semper Fi
Erving Buffum says:
Take heart, CDT Coston, that your intentions were pure and sound. The lack of support from the administration in anything that doesn't fatten their own coffers is older than the CT campus. The decline of the Corps began before your time, but stopping it at this point is more than one cadet can handle by their lonesome. Rookdom sets a precedent for the next four years of a cadets life, standards provide both quantifiable and qualitative means of measuring the worth of an institution (or else why would there be the mad dash during NEASC season ;)), and for those of us who fondly remember our indoctrination into the Corps, who can smile in the face of hardship and soldier on, we see the decline in cadet standards and standards enforcement as a sign of worse things to come of our dear alma mater.
CDT Coston, rest assured that your efforts were not in vain. This article has made its rounds within the right circles, and has lifted the veil surrounding the Hill and exposed the inner workings of the Jackman Machine to those that will see, and from that will be born a Renaissance that will take our Corps from the meaningless tower of Babel its become and restore it to its rightful place as Military College of Vermont.
Patrick Neal says:
Sad, Norwich was always about overcoming obstacles…. As a class of 1990 grad our rook year was 1986. Sat at my 20th reunion with a Springfield cop, my best friend, a navy seal, an FBI agent, a high school principal and one of the most messed individuals I ever met (he has a bronze star). The highlight of my weekend was our class picture, man it was cold. Colonel Donovan, our Commandant of Cadets, was sitting there after the picture and asked me to help him out of his chair and help him inside. I said, "Colonel that would be the highlight of my day…" I walked the Colonel to his table because it was an honor to do so, It was, a kilo company rook with rank, got made better because I went to Norwich. It is not the four years, it is the rest of your life that matters. I am not talking about hazing, that is stupid, a bygone era… But lowering standards does nothing to help you in the end.
PJ Neal
NU 90
Peter J. Moreno, Jr. says:
I will start out by saying that I received an excellent classical education from Norwich University, and for that I am grateful. I have not been back to Norwich since I graduated (Magna Cum Laude 1995) and was commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps. Frankly, my experience in the core of cadets was not memorable; it was akin to what I would imagine prison to be like . . . constant harassment, overly harsh rules and regulations, and overbearing cadre. Before getting into the core issue here, I'm going to provide a bit of background. I arrived to Norwich from the U.S. Navy's BOOST Program (Broadened Opportunity for Officer Selection and Training) on a 4 year NROTC scholarship. Within the first 30 days of being at Norwich, I came to a conclusion regarding the Corps of Cadet leadership — they were, in large part, "tools" and "bullies" . . . naive kids and in some cases "brats" that were placed in positions of authority that they should not have been in. This sort of thing didn't go over well with me; in fact, it really pissed me off. So, knowing that I was not going to change the system I simply focused my efforts on studying, working out, and taking an active role in the NROTC battalion (for which I held leadership positions throughout, and was chosen as the NROTC Battalion Commander my senior year). In terms of leadership, I was also awarded the Chesty Puller Award for my leadership and tenacity; meanwhile, I was a buck private in the Corps of Cadets. BUCK PRIVATE . . . . I say again, a buck private.
I can understand and appreciate what Cadet Coston has done. I admire his alleged controversial nature, tenacity, and what I would imagine to be his somewhat abrasive nature (according to the article). I like his approach and the story about his class ring (actions speak louder than words). I just hope that you are not a bully, Cadet Coston. Leaders and real men are not bullies, ever. Leaders do not humiliate their subordinates, they lift them up. Leaders ALWAYS hold their subordinates accountable. Leaders are firm and fair; leaders demonstrate justice, among other things. As long as you are operating along those lines, you sound like you are a decent young lad.
Regarding individualized standards, this is a hallmark of any military organization. I am an advocate of individualized standards. In fact, it is imperative that individualized standards are met and adhered to across military organizations. The issue that Norwich faces is that it is an institution of higher learning that MUST generate money. As such, and unfortunately, making money and maintaining the status quo (with the parents that pay the bills) trumps individual standards. And for that reason, Norwich University President Schneider put the kibosh on the program "due to confusion about the procedure and how they were implemented". That is, very simply, the reality of the situation. I know, Cadet Coston, this is a disturbing revelation. I understand your frustration Cadet Coston. At the same time, I will tell you that you and the Cadet Colonel have failed in your ability to imbue your subordinates with the pride and motivation required to meet the standards, despite "operation kibosh" by the University President. So, in the end, it's not just about the young undisciplined cadets that have failed to meet the standards, it is about your lack of leadership (and that of your superiors). Remember, Cadet Coston, you have to figure out how you are going to overcome this same obstacle when you become a commissioned officer. You will inevitably have some "problem children" (leadership challenges). Yelling and screaming and talking trash is not going to get it done . . . in the event that you subscribe to that approach. If not, belay my last.
President Schneider: I'm sure you realize that you have scores of NU Alumni from the '91 to '95 era that have never returned to Norwich. This lack of esprit de corps must be troubling for the administration, especially given what Norwich is supposed to exemplify.
Peter Moreno
Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marines
NU Class of '95
LTC Moreno-
Pretty harsh to blame cadet lack of leadership. I would go as far as to say inaccurate and misplaced. Norwich tends to focus a majority of its attention on rooks, while adopting a zero tolerance approach to mistakes or experiments by upperclass cadets. This is key- those cadets are still learning leadership and need to experiment and make decisions. The cadet student body is also extremely transient. The commandant staff is responsible for longterm management and stability.
Certainly, I am positive that some measure of responsibility lies with the cadets, however, the ultimate responsibility is with the commandants. Unfortunately, commandants tend to shirk their responsibility to allow non-rook cadets the opportunity to make mistakes and learn. By adopting an approach that fires and replaces cadets, the commandant staff consistently fail to educate cadets. Once out of a position of authority, very few cadets get a chance to learn and apply new lessons.
As leadership in my cadet days, perhaps one of the "tools" or "bullies" you mentioned. I experienced first hand the administration's approach of blame first, solve later, if at all. One notable and extreme example was spending 25 minutes convincing a commandant to take my report of a member of my company possessing child pornography seriously (which he eventually did).
Tom Hickey
NU Class of 2005
Sandro Cohan says:
The long standing traditions of the corps of cadets are a thing of the past. Those privileges that cadets worked tirelessly to earn we're gone the minute Schneider was hired. A trade off was made those that had a memory of the old ways still continue to donate in record numbers. The numbers in the corps continue to shrink while the numbers of civilian students continue to increase. Without the support of the old corps and online education the school would be struggling to stay open. Education has changed and certainly military leadership has needed to become gentler because of the numbers. Norwich which was once respected amongst military colleges is now behind others such as the Citadel and VMI. It is a different dynamic now and I am not quite sure if they are still true to its mission.
On the other hand this young gentlemen failed to maintain discipline and failed an order whether it can be considered right in you and many of the old guards eyes you failed and you should own responsibility for that. If Rooks failed the qualifications to be recognized it is because you failed them as a leader and those under you including Cadre failed in developing these young men and women. You either lead them all to achieve the standards or fail even if one is left behind it's not about your standards but about developing future civic minded individuals to be positive members of society. Essay ons!
Sandro Cohan
The Old Guard


If you want a one of a kind travel experience into the mountains of Sri Lanka, upcountry train rides will give you the buzz you are looking for.
Even for Sri Lankans who make these journeys often they are trips much looked forward to. The railway tracks, built by the British in the 19th Century still hold strong and serve the daily, and nightly run of trains to and from from Colombo Fort to Badulla, way up in the mountains. The route they carve is as astounding as the views. The tracks literally go in and out, around and over mountains, parting green seas of tea plantations and pine forests, often edging sheer cliffs - offering you spectacular glimpses of waterfalls, rivers, estates and villages far, far below. You can choose to travel like the common man in a crowded second or third class compartment, in an air conditioned first class carriage, or the observation car at the end of the train which gives you panoramic views of the scenery. If you want to return to the glory days of steam engines, take a luxury journey on the "Viceroy Special" - a 75 year old private steam train – the only one remaining in full operation in Sri Lanka. It has been transformed on the inside to include all the luxuries of 21st century cleverly concealed beneath its magnificent colonial setting with all the old world trimmings such as gourmet cuisine served by butlers, and drinks at the bar. Less luxurious option is Expo Rail - a special 'luxury' carriage 'tagged' on to ordinary trains at a premium price. Whichever you choose, be prepared to be awed – not just by the scenery, but the whole experience of a unique journey into the mountains.


After a chalky first weekend in the NCAA Tournament that saw none of the top 3 seeds lose, we have some excellent matchups coming up this Thursday-Sunday. Below we will take a look at the Sweet Sixteen and preview each of the matchups and give a prediction on the winner. As has been the case throughout the tournament, there will be a recap following the Sweet Sixteen games and hopefully an Elite Eight preview on Saturday.
This could very easily be the game of the entire tournament. Florida State is playing as well as anybody and boasts a deep bench full of long, athletic players. Gonzaga is one of the country's best teams and has been one the entire season, even without star Killian Tillie. Tillie had a great game round one and a not so great game round two. His effectiveness off the bench will be huge for the Zags as Florida State's bench has scored 77 points in their first two games of tournament play.
There's a lot that can be said about Grant Williams and Admiral Schofield, but the key to this game comes down to one man and that is Carsen Edwards. He was sensational against Villanova dropping 42 on the defending champs and simply put if he continues to play at this high level, the Boilermakers are Final Four good. The Volunteers are a much more balanced team and had a massive advantage on the interior. A complete 40 minute game is what we've been waiting to see from this team for a couple weeks and if they put it together they can beat Purdue.
This game features two teams that I think have opposite trending stock. I think Texas Tech's is soaring following their dismantling of a very good Buffalo team while Michigan continues to leave a lot to be desired offensively. That said, if the Wolverines can get one of their scorers going, they can make a Final Four or better run. Texas Tech needs to keep the scoring going, Culver has been great but it is the supporting cast that has helped the Red Raiders breeze through the first two rounds.
It feels like it was about time that Oregon put together a good run given all the talent they have on the roster, even without Bol Bol. But I also think they got a very fortunate draw with Wisconsin and then Irvine. Virginia matchups really well with Oregon and I expect Kyle Guy to get it going offensively.
January, February, Izzo, April, May, etc etc is the Rothsteinism for Michigan State come March and we saw a fiery Tom already in this tournament. The Spartans easily handled Minnesota following a sluggish showing against Bradley in round one. Cassius Winston continues to play at a high level. LSU snuck by Maryland following a huge blown lead but they've looked pretty good considering they are still without Will Wade. The talent is there but the coaching advantage is massively in MSU's favor.
Tempo, tempo, tempo. This is going to be a high-flying, fast-paced game between two teams that love to push the ball up the floor. Auburn has been red-hot of late going 7 straight games with 12+ made 3's. Simply put if they can continue to do that they will be in great shape to upset the Heels. UNC has gotten great play from their stars, but the emergence of Nassir Little off the bench has put them at another level.
Duke survived an impressive effort from upset-minded UCF. The Blue Devils really did not play well outside of Zion in that game and were fortunate that Dawkins' put-back didn't fall. That said, this feels like big time bounce back game for Duke. Virginia Tech has beaten Duke already this year (without Zion and they didn't have Justin Robinson) and are also coming off a less than stellar performance against Liberty. Zion will get his but can Blackshear and company match that production?
The Cats took down American's darling Wofford following a career day in the worst way for Fletcher Magee. If Nathan Hoover gets a few more looks this might be a different discussion right now. The good news is PJ Washington looks like he will be back against Houston. Since I saw him live in December it was clear that Washington is head and shoulders above the rest on this Kentucky team. He opens the game up so much for his teammates especially a guy like Tyler Herro who needs space. Houston is one of the best defensive teams in America and they have some really great guards. Corey Davis Jr has been playing out of his mind and slowing down the Wildcats on offense is the key.


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text:
Wonderful Things to Come
Northern Raven and Peregrine Falcon: Two Birds Supporting the Manx Coat of Arms
February 12, 2016 by James J. S. Johnson
Northern Raven and Peregrine Falcon:
Two Birds Supporting the Manx Coat of Arms
He giveth to the beast his food, and to the young ravens which cry. (Psalm 147:9)
Dearly beloved, I beseech you as strangers and pilgrims, abstain from fleshly lusts, which war against the soul. (1st Peter 2:11)
Raven and Peregrine Falcon in flight ©kitundu.wordpress
The Isle of Man has a strange and providential history, a mix of ravenous opportunists and hardy pilgrims, amidst the furious storms of the Irish Sea, weathering conflicts of Romans, Celts, and Nordic Vikings – all but concealing God's clever and caring hand as He reaches the world with the Word of His Son.
Interestingly, the Isle of Man connects two aggressive birds together, the Peregrine Falcon and the Raven (often. [See illustration below, by G. E. Lodge & H. Grönvold, in H. Eliot Howard's TERRITORY IN BIRD LIFE (E. P. Dutton & Company, 1920), page 216.]
Soon we shall see how that is. Let us begin by considering the Common Raven (a/k/a Northern Raven), which may be "common" but nonetheless is an amazing bird, worldwide.
Northern Raven (Corvus corax) by Ray
The black Raven (Corvus corax – often called the "Common Raven" or "Northern Raven", to distinguish it from other very similar, yet recognizably variant, ravens, such as the Thick-billed Raven, Chihuahuan Raven, Fan-tailed Raven, Brown-necked Raven, Chough, and Jackdaw – regarding which, see A Diet of Jackdaws and Ravens, like our English word "ravenous" (see Isaiah 46:11; Ezekiel 39:4), denotes aggressive hunger and resourceful hunting, reminding us of rough-and-ready opportunists, a fitting emblem displayed on some of the Viking ship sails (and pennant banners) of old.
Peregrine Falcon On The Edge by Ray
What of the grey-hued Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)? Likewise, the word "peregrine" refers to a land-wanderer, a sojourner, a stranger-passing-through, an especially fitting label for Christians who daily experience the rough-and-tumble challenges of "pilgrim" life (Genesis 47:9; Exodus 6:4), on this presently fallen Earth, as we await our ultimate destiny that befits our heavenly citizenship (Philippians 3:20; Hebrews 11:13). Before finishing that thought, however, let us consider these two stalwart birds, the Raven and the Peregrine Falcon – and their connection to the ISLE OF MAN, a quasi-autonomous territory of the British Commonwealth.
In particular, behold the official Manx Coat of Arms – notice the two birds supporting the Manx Coast of Arms, a stark Raven and an equally stern Peregrine Falcon. Why do these birds so aptly match the Isle of Man?
Manx Coat of Arms of the Isle of Man ©WikiC
Before appreciating some details about these two noble birds, the Raven and the Peregrine Falcon, it might help to gain a glimpse of the turbulent times that the Isle of Man has seen, centuries ago, when Vikings sailed the Irish Sea (and many seas beyond!) – and used the Isle of man as a staging ground for their naval adventures.
One illustration involves the tourney on the high seas, in AD1156, between a Norse-Manx Viking king, named Somerled (an ancestor of Dr. Bill Cooper), and his arch-foe, Godred.
"Godred … [alarmed that Somerled's son was installed as ruler of the Isle of Man] hurriedly got ready a fleet and sailed north against the forces of Somerled. It was high time for Somerled to do something about Godred [so Somerled] collected a large fleet of eighty [80!] longships and sailed out to confront his enemy. The story that follows incites our admiration for the impressive seamanship of both kings, and the seaworthiness of their ships. The battle took place at night, in the dead of winter, in the open ocean somewhere off the coasts of Islay, on the 5-6 of January 1156. How they managed to manoeuvre under oars (no sails were used during battle), in darkness, in wild winter seas, without most of their ships colliding or foundering, was a miracle. It must have been a titanic struggle and the Chronicle of Man describes the terrible slaughter which ensued. By dawn both sides were exhausted, neither having won, so they agreed to make peace and divided up the sea kingdom between them, in a rather awkward division. Godred retained [the Isle of] Man and the islands to the north of the Ardnamurchan peninsula [of Scotland], while Somerled kept all the islands to the south including Kintyre, which was still class as an island [it being largely coastland]." (Quoting from Kathleen MacPhee's Somerled, Hammer of the Norse (Glascow: Neil Wilson Publishing, 2004), pages 80-82, as quoted within "DNA says Manx King, Somerled, the Celebrated Founding Father of Scottish Clans, had a "Norse" Patrilinear Ancestry !", posted at Somerled Family History.
In short, Viking sea battles were not an adventure for the faint of heart. But, one might wonder: who cares today about such people nowadays?
In other words: why would we care about some Viking king (of the Isle of Man), who lived and adventured some 800 or 900 years ago? Has that Norse-Manx Viking's life impacted your life or mine, at all, in any kind of meaningful way?
The answer, if you read or speak English, is both simple and surprising: as a direct ancestor of the King James who sponsored the Holy Bible in English translation, King Somerled's biogenetic footprint has impacted our world–to God's glory and our benefit–in a permanent and indispensable way.
"Consider the following descent from King Somerled and Queen Ragnhild. Then try to imagine the big-picture providence of God, interacting through space and time … producing uncountable effects from the resultant galaxies of Great Commission "destiny dominoes", all around the world, especially from AD1066 to AD1611 and beyond.…
P1 Somerled & wife Ragnhild begat Angus Somerledsson (F1);
F1 Angus Somerledsson & wife Ragnhild of the Isles begat James (F2);
F2 James & wife (whose name is lost) begat Jean (F3);
F3 Jean & husband Alexander 4th High Steward begat James 5th High Steward (F4);
F4 James 5th High Steward & wife Cecilia begat Walter 6th High Steward (F5);
F5 Walter 6th High Steward & wife Marjorie begat Scotland's king Robert II (F6);
F6 Robert II & first wife Elizabeth Mure begat John l/k/a Scotland's king Robert III (F7);
F7 Robert III & wife Annabella Drummond begat Scotland's king James I (F8);
F8 James I & wife Joan Beaufort8 begat Scotland's king James II (F9);
F9 James II & wife Mary of Gueldres begat Scotland's king James III (F10);
F10 James III & wife Margaret of Denmark begat Scotland's king James IV (F11);
F11 James IV & wife Margaret Tudor begat Scotland's king James V (F12);
F12 James V & wife Mary of Guise begat Scottish queen Mary Queen of Scots (F13);
F13 Mary Queen of Scots & Lord Darnley begat James VI (F14, of the "King James" Bible)!
Thus, the "King James" of Great Britain (simultaneously "James VI" as Scotland's king, and "James I" as England's king), who authorized what became famous as the "King James Bible", was an F14 descendant of Viking King Somerled and his wife, Queen Ragnhild. (This impacts the whole world!)
The Holy Bible is the most-published and most-sold book of all time, with more than 6,000,000,000 copies (excluding mere portions, which in aggregate would further increase the statistics).
Of the 6 billion copies of the Holy Bible [more than 2 billion of which were distributed by the GIDEONS INTERNATIONAL, as of AD2015!], the most-published and most-sold version of the Bible is the English translation known as the "King James Bible" (a/k/a "King James Version" and the "Authorized Version").
The largest amount of Bible-based missionary work, missionary literature, and Biblical education around the world, since the time of Christ, has been provided in English (e.g., from British missionaries, American missionaries, etc.)…." [Quoting from "To Globally Sow His Word, Did God Use Vikings?".]
In other words, Somerled's family lineage was indispensable, 14 generations after, for the procreative arrival – in God's providence – of the man whom history knows as KING JAMES of the King James Bible!
How many lives do you know, personally, who have been blessed by the English translation of the Holy Bible that we today call the King James Bible? As you think of the answer to that question, consider also that God providentially protected the life of Norse-Manx Viking, named Somerled, in order that there would be – half a millennium later – a baby boy born in Edinburgh, Scotland (in a room that my wife and I visited, during AD2002), who would grow up – by God's grace – to be King James VI (of Scotland) and also King James I (of England)!
Now back to the birds, starting with the Northern Raven.
Northern/Common Raven (Corvus corax) by Kent Nickell
COMMON RAVEN a/k/a NORTHERN RAVEN (Corvus corax).
Ravens are repeatedly mentioned in Scripture; they are even mentioned once by Jesus Himself (Luke 12:24). What a beautiful bird, the Raven! – its monochrome plumage is iridescent black, appearing as glossy bluish-purple when sunlight reflects off the feathers (see Song of Solomon 5:11). Its omnivorous appetite matches its name: ravens are ravenous (Job 38:41; Proverbs 30:17)! Ravens eat small mammals, carrion (with its associated maggots and carrion beetles), small invertebrates (including roadkill invertebrates, such as dead grasshoppers and other bugs), amphibians, reptiles, bird eggs, human garbage (especially food with fat in it), — as well as plant food (such as agricultural grains) — whatever! Ravens are also infamous as "kleptoparasites" (prey thieves), i.e., they steal food from other carnivorous/omnivorous predators, such as grey wolf-kills in winter. Garbage dumps and landfills are special attractions — raven smörgåsbords!
Common Ravens Feeding At Landfill ©WikiC
The historic role of a raven who survived the worldwide Flood with Noah's family is recounted in Scripture (see Genesis 8:7). Ravens, ironically, were directed by God to feed the prophet Elijah (compare 1st Kings 17:4-6 with Luke 12:24).
The name "Common Raven" is not an exaggeration, because ravens are known to live in virtually all of the Northern Hemisphere (see range map below).
The Raven is a corvid – a term that simply means "crow-like" – like its close cousins: rooks, jays, carrion crows (and other crows), choughs, jackdaws, etc. [See generally Lee Dusing's "Crows, Jays, Ravens – Corvidae Family".]
Ravens are well known for various behavior habits, including their harsh crow-like vocalizations (Job 38:41).
Common Raven at Cypress Provincial Park, British Columbia ©WikiC
The Common Raven (Northern Raven) appears in various localized "subspecies", based upon geographically localized population forms: (1) the paradigmatic European Raven (Corvus corax corax), ranging over and beyond continental Europe; (2) the Icelandic-Faeroese Raven (Corvus corax varius), somewhat smaller and less glossy than the European Raven; (3) the Southwest Asia Raven (Corvus corax subcorax), ranging from Greece to India, and parts of western China; (4) the North Africa Raven (Corvus corax tingitanus), ranging in North Africa and the Canary Islands, with the Canary Islands variety being somewhat browner in color; (5) the Himalayan Raven (Corvus corax tibetanus), the largest and glossiest subspecies, ranging in Tibet and other regions of the Himalayan Mountains; (6) the Northeastern Asia Raven (Corvus corax kamtschaticus), thicker-billed than the European Raven, ranging from northeastern Asia into the Baikal region; (7) North American Raven (Corvus corax principalis, a/k/a "Northern Raven" — which is confusing because both the species and this subspecies are known as "Northern Raven"), close cousins to those of Europe, according to mitochondrial DNA studies, these corvids range all over North America and Greenland, having the thickest bill of any Common Raven subspecies; (8) the Western Raven (Corvus corax sinuatus), ranging in south-central America and Mesoamerica. The term "Northern Raven" is better used for the species (i.e., the "Common Raven") that encompasses all of these subspecies, because all of these subspecies reside in the Northern Hemisphere — so they are all "Northern" Ravens.
Also, it is worth mentioning that a football-playing variant (of "Ravens") is famous in Maryland (on the East Coast of America), the "Baltimore Ravens" (see picture below — yet please notice that the Baltimore Ravens are not the kind of ravens who are mentioned in Luke 21:24 – see Hidden Assumptions Play 'Hide Seek' !
Regarding Ravens, the husband-wife ornithologist team of Donald and Lillian Stokes have observed their wariness of humans:
"The raven is … extremely wary of humans, spotting you form almost as far as half a mile away as you approach a nest, and then flying up and calling at your approach. … [so] studying ravens is best done through a scope or powerful binoculars…." [Quoting from Donald Stokes & Lillian Stokes, GUIDE TO BIRD BEHAVIOR, Volume 3 (Little, Brown & Company, 1989), page 299.]
Raven Chicks
Ravens build a nest for their young, as most birds do. The behavior of the parent birds gives a clue as to when their eggs are being incubated, in expectation of hatching, according to the observations of the Stokes duo:
"One clue to incubation's having started is seeing only one raven soaring above the nest. That would generally be the male since the incubating female spends most of her time on the eggs. During incubation, the male brings food to the female and gives it to her at the nest or nearby. When the female is about to receive the food she may flutter her wings close to her body and give the Kra-kra-call. … When the male is not actively hunting for food for himself or the female, he is usually perched near the nest on a dead branch or ledge. The female occasionally leaves he nest, at which time the male may come to the nest, but he does not actually incubate the eggs." [Quoting from Stokes & Stokes, GUIDE TO BIRD BEHAVIOR, Volume 3, page 307.]
The nestling phase in the Raven family's life cycle has been observed, with one activity making it easier to recognize where a raven nest is raising young:
"The young hatch over a period of a day or two. The female eats the shells [a good source of calcium!] and broods the young for about two and a half weeks. During this time the male does most of the feeding; after that, both parents participate in feeding the young. During the first weeks of intensive brooding, when the female takes periodic leaves, the male stays near or on the nest until she returns. The parents at first bring small food items for the young, picking the items apart before offering them to the young. Later in the nestling phase larger food items are left at the nest and the young pull them apart to eat. The parents may also come to the nest with water in their crops, which is then fed to the young. On cold days the young are buried in the nest lining for warmth; on hot days the female may wet her underfeathers and cover the young to give them relief from the heat. The young lift their tails as they defecate over the rim of the nest [there being no in-house plumbing accommodations!]. The nest rim or cliff ledge can have large white stains resulting from this behavior; the stains may help you locate the nest. The young may fledge over a period of days." [Quoting from Stokes & Stokes, GUIDE TO BIRD BEHAVIOR, Volume 3, page 308.]]
But now let us consider the other bird supporting the Manx coat-of-arms, the Peregrine Falcon.
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) by Ray
PEREGRINE FALCON (Falco peregrinus).
The Peregrine Falcon (also called the "Peregrine") is dominated by bluish-grey plumage, with a pale underside (barred white), and a slate-black head. Its eyes are large, for hunting prey, and its pale-yellow beak is strong, with a shape convenient for its carnivorous lifestyle – so it can tear into its diet of
True to its name ("peregrine" meaning "wanderer", "sojourner", one that goes through/throughout the land), the Peregrine's range is worldwide [see range map below: yellow = summer breeding migrant range; green = year-round breeding; indigo blue = winter migrant range; Carolina blue = migrant passage range].
Peregrine Falcon Map ©WikiC
The Peregrine Falcon appears in about 20 various localized "subspecies", based upon geographically localized population forms [see range map below, showing subspecies].
Breeding ranges of the subspecies of Peregrine Falcons ©WikiC
Six of those Peregrine subspecies are: (1) the paradigmatic Eurasian Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus peregrinus), ranging throughout all of Europe, except for its Mediterranean Sea coastlands and the Iberian Peninsula, extending eastward through Siberia, except not its Arctic Ocean coastlands; (2) the once-endangered Arctic Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus tundris), ranging in the tundras of northern Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland; (3) the once-endangered American Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum, a/k/a "Duck Hawk"), ranging throughout all of North America, except the Arctic coastlands habituated by its Arctic cousin – although its main population clustering is in the Rocky Mountains regions. (However, Peregrine Falcons are making a "comeback" outside the Rockies, including revived populations in municipalities where they often prey on urban pigeons.) The Mediterranean Sea coastlands, as well as all of Spain and Portugal, are habituated by the Mediterranean Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus brookei). The endangered close cousin of the Peregrine, in America, is the Northern Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis septentrionalis).
Peregrine Falcon in Flight by Ray
The Peregrine Falcon typically lives in coastal lands, river valleys, and in mountain ranges – yet urban skyscrapers are deemed montane "cliffs" for these birds of prey, so don't be shocked when you see a falcon "dive-bomb" (and kill, in midair) a pigeon, in the air between city office buildings or high-rise apartments.
The typical nesting behavior of American Peregrine Falcons has been described as "… on cliff ledges [near to] open habitats from tundra, savanna [grassland], and seacoasts to high mountains, on which the falcon makes a well-formed scrape in piled debris … [sometimes using] abandoned tree nests or cavities … [or, in urban contexts] on ledges of tall buildings and bridges". [Quoting Paul R. Ehrlich, David S. Dobkin, & Darryl Wheye, BIRDS IN JEOPARDY (Stanford University Press, 1992), page 48.]
Peregrine Falcon by ©©Weebly Uploads
The American Peregrine Falcon's diet is quite a mixed bag: "Birds, particularly doves and [other] pigeons, but also waterfowl [especially ducks], shorebirds, and passerines [i.e., perching songbirds, such as European Starlings] … [chasing and catching] prey in midair, dropping on flying birds from above and killing them in flight with a blow from their feet…. [sometimes involving speeds of] 60 miles per hour, in a [closed-wings] stoop on prey it can reach speeds exceeding 200 miles per hour". [Again quoting Ehrlich, Dobkin, & Wheye, BIRDS IN JEOPARDY, at page 48.]
In cities a Peregrine's diet might consist 80% of mourning doves and pigeons. Other avian fare (i.e., birds eaten as prey) include icterids (such as grackles and other blackbirds), thrushes (such as American robins), swifts, and other corvids (such as crows). However, when available, Peregrines will also eat small rodents, such as mice, rats, voles, squirrels – or other small mammals such as shrews or rabbits (or sometimes even bats, at night!).
Peregrine Falcon (with doomed Pigeon in the falcon's talons)
The flying abilities of Peregrine Falcons are almost legendary – they fly "with shallow elastic wingbeats in which [wing] tips [are] very springy (characteristic of the larger falcons)". [Quoting Lars Jonsson, BIRDS OF EUROPE (Princeton University Press, 1992; translated by David Christie), page 160.]
And true to their name, they wander – they range to wherever they need to go.
Peregrine Falcoln ©Images Inc
Lessons for the Journey, as We "Hike" on our Earthly Pilgrimage
So, as "pilgrims" awaiting our future citizenship, in the Kingdom that is not yet here (Philippians 3:20) how should we approach our sometimes-stormy future – which mixes furies, frustrations, and failings with hopes, helps, and hallelujahs?
Thy statutes have been my songs in the house of my pilgrimage. (Psalm 119:54)
In other words, Jesus put a song in my heart!
Stormy weather or calm, I can be (and should be) at least as brave as a Manx Viking rowing in a rainstorm, tossed up and down, from side to side, in the cold salt-spray of the Irish Sea.
Pennant ©Pinimg.Com
Mainsail ©crwflags.com
Just as the resilient and resourceful Nordic seamen of old, including ancient Norse-Manx Vikings (and their biogenetic progeny, including sjøfolk that sail the Seven Seas today) strove to stay afloat — till they rhed their destined safe-haven — let us "labor at the oars" of (this) life, until God brings us securely Home (see http://www.icr.org/article/why-we-want-go-home ).
It is good to keep in mind that God Himself is our only real Home. Meanwhile, He can guide and keep us, on the stormy seas of this temporal life, until it's "our turn" to enter into His holy and happy presence, with everlasting joy. ><> JJSJ
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This entry was posted in Birds, Birdwatching, Christian, Orni-theology and tagged Isle of Man, James J.S. Johnson, King James Bible, Manx Coat of Arms, Peregrine Falcon, Photography, pilgrim, Raven, Somerled. Bookmark the permalink.
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2 thoughts on "Northern Raven and Peregrine Falcon: Two Birds Supporting the Manx Coat of Arms"
James J. S. Johnson says:	 February 12, 2016 at 12:51 pm
Lee, your editing/webmaster work on this Orni-theology piece was especially valuable and appreciated (in fact, I would "crow" about it, but the corvid in this study was a Raven not a Crow) — anyway, thanks for all your ongoing professionalism as you edit, host, and manage this God-honoring birdwatching blog.
JJSJ says:	 July 6, 2017 at 11:56 am
Falcons are fascinating — and fast! — like kites and accipiter hawks. This morning one zoomed in front of my van, to grab some kind of rodent roadkill. In less than a second it was gone!