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Bog Lake/Pond
Bog lake, Spring Pond
Troy Weldy
Natural Lakes And Ponds
Vulnerable in New York - Vulnerable to disappearing from New York due to rarity or other factors (but not currently imperiled); typically 21 to 80 populations or locations in New York, few individuals, restricted range, few remaining acres (or miles of stream), and/or recent and widespread declines.
Apparently Secure globally - Uncommon in the world but not rare; usually widespread, but may be rare in some parts of its range; possibly some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors.
A common feature of bog lakes is the development of a false bottom at a depth of about 0.3 to 0.9 m (1 to 3 ft) below the surface. The false bottom is composed of colloidal material and dissolved humus held in suspension that appears to be a more or less continuous bottom. When disturbed, the suspended material quickly clouds the upper layer of clear water, then slowly settles when the water becomes quiet again.
There are several thousand occurrences statewide. Many occurrences are presumed to have good viability and are protected on public land or private conservation land. This community has statewide distribution, and includes several large, high quality examples especially in the Adirondacks. The current trend of this community is probably stable for occurrences on public land, or declining slightly elsewhere due to moderate threats related to development pressure or alteration to the natural hydrology. This community has declined moderately to substantially from historical numbers likely correlated with past hydrological alterations and excessive clearing/development of the surrounding landscape.
The numbers and acreage of bog lakes and ponds in New York have probably remained stable in recent decades as a result of wetland protection regulations. There may be a few cases of slight decline due to alteration of hydrology (e.g., ditching and impoundments) and reduced water quality from nutrient input from surrounding developed uplands.
The numbers and acreage of bog lakes and ponds in New York have probably declined moderately from historical numbers likely correlated to alteration of hydrology (e.g., ditching and impoundments) and reduced water quality from nutrient input from surrounding developed uplands. Peatlands may expand over and close smaller bog lakes and ponds over the long term (i.e., centuries) to form a "lake-fill bog" (Daman and French 1987).
Conservation Overview
Where practical, maintain or increase the adjacent peatland and upland buffer to reduce storm-water, pollution, and nutrient run-off, while simultaneously capturing sediments before they reach the bog lake/pond. Buffer width should take into account the erodibility of the surrounding soils, slope steepness, and current land use. If possible, minimize the number and size of impervious surfaces in the surrounding landscape. Avoid habitat alteration within the lake and surrounding landscape. For example, roads should not be routed through the lakeshore buffer area. If a lake must be crossed, then bridges and boardwalks are preferred over filling and culverts. Restore lakes that have been affected by unnatural disturbance (e.g., remove obsolete impoundments and ditches in order to restore the natural hydrology). Prevent the spread of invasive exotic species into the lake through appropriate direct management, and by minimizing potential dispersal corridors.
Bog lakes and ponds are threatened by development in the surrounding landscape and its associated run-off (e.g., agricultural, residential, roads, railroads, golf courses, campgrounds), recreational overuse (e.g., boating, shoreline camping), and habitat alteration in the adjacent landscape (e.g., excessive logging, pollution, nutrient loading). Alteration to the natural hydrology is also a threat to this community (e.g., impoundments, blocked culverts). Bog lakes and ponds are threatened by invasive species, such as Eurasian milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum).
When considering road construction and other development activities minimize actions that will change what water carries and how water travels to this community, both on the surface and underground. Water traveling over-the-ground as run-off usually carries an abundance of silt, clay, and other particulates during (and often after) a construction project. While still suspended in the water, these particulates make it difficult for aquatic animals to find food; after settling to the bottom of the wetland, these particulates bury small plants and animals and alter the natural functions of the community in many other ways. Thus, road construction and development activities near this community type should strive to minimize particulate-laden run-off into this community. Water traveling on the ground or seeping through the ground also carries dissolved minerals and chemicals. Road salt, for example, is becoming an increasing problem both to natural communities and as a contaminant in household wells. Fertilizers, detergents, and other chemicals that increase the nutrient levels in wetlands cause algae blooms and eventually an oxygen-depleted environment where few animals can live. Herbicides and pesticides often travel far from where they are applied and have lasting effects on the quality of the natural community. So, road construction and other development activities should strive to consider: 1. how water moves through the ground, 2. the types of dissolved substances these development activities may release, and 3. how to minimize the potential for these dissolved substances to reach this natural community.
Survey for occurrences statewide to advance documentation and classification of bog lakes and ponds. A statewide review of bog lakes and ponds is desirable. Continue searching for bog lakes and ponds in good condition (A- to AB-ranked). Review and incorporate data on occurrences in NY gathered by the Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation, the Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program, and the New York State Federation of Lake Associations, Inc.
Research is needed to fill information gaps about bog lakes and ponds, especially to advance our understanding of their classification, hydrology, floristic variation, and characteristic fauna. In addition, there is a need to collect sufficient quantitative data to support the recognition of a higher pH variant tentatively called "circumneutral bog lake" and change the current name to "acidic bog lake." More data are needed to consider spitting this community into "bog lake" and "bog pond" types, perhaps by using a size threshold. Lastly, the distinction between meromictic lake and bog lake needs to be more critically evaluated, because occasionally bog lakes can also become meromictic or chemically stratified.
Acris crepitans (Northern Cricket Frog) (guide)
Enallagma laterale (New England Bluet) (guide)
Gavia immer (Common Loon) (guide)
Hippuris vulgaris (Mare's Tail) (guide)
Potamogeton pulcher (Spotted Pondweed) (guide)
Sparganium natans (Small Bur-reed) (guide)
Bog lakes and ponds are sparsely scattered but widespread throughout New York State north of the Coastal Lowlands ecozone; especially common in the Adirondacks. They are limited to areas in the state where sufficient peat has accumulated within a basin or kettlehole leaving an open water "eye" within the peatland.
This broadly-defined community may be worldwide. Examples with the greatest biotic affinities to New York occurrences are suspected to span north to southern Canada, west to Minnesota, southwest to Indiana and Tennessee, and southeast to South Carolina.
Helldiver Pond, Moose River Plains Wild Forest (Hamilton County)
Pink Pond Santa Clara (Franklin County)
Rolley Pond Santa Clara (Franklin County)
Squash Pond Webb (Herkimer County)
Ferd's Bog Long Lake (Hamilton County)
Northwest of Little Ampersand Pond (Franklin County)
Rat Pond Santa Clara (Franklin County)
Blue Pond Altamont (Franklin County)
Little Echo Pond Santa Clara (Franklin County)
Wheeler Pond Santa Clara (Franklin County)
Long Pond Indian Lake (Hamilton County)
Rock Pond Waverly (Franklin County)
Bog Pond Harrietstown (Franklin County)
Mud Pond Black Brook (Clinton County)
North of Plumley Pond Long Lake (Hamilton County)
Roakdale Bog (Franklin County)
St. Regis Wild Area Bog Harrrietstown (Franklin County)
Spring Pond Bog Preserve (Franklin County)
Simkins Pond (Franklin County)
The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Species diversity in bog lakes is low in all types of aquatic organisms (phytoplankton, macrophytes, zooplankton, zoobenthos, and fish); many bog lakes have no fish at all. The abundance of each species present is also low in all types of organisms, except for aquatic macrophytes and peat mosses (Sphagnum spp.) along the edge of the bog mat. A common feature of bog lakes is the development of a false bottom at a depth of about 0.3 to 0.9 m (1 to 3 ft) below the surface. The false bottom is composed of colloidal material and dissolved humus held in suspension that appears to be a more or less continuous bottom. When disturbed, the suspended material quickly clouds the upper layer of clear water, then slowly settles when the water becomes quiet again. Occasionally bog lakes become meromictic or chemically stratified; the chemical gradient supercedes the usual stratification by temperature.
Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp. A characteristic fish is brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus). Characteristic invertebrates include larvae of midges (Chironomus spp.) and phantom midges (Chaoborus spp.) in the benthos. Other characteristic invertebrates may include the amphipod Hyallela azteca, the mollusks Musculium spp. and Ferresia californica, and the midges Tribelos spp., Phaenopsectra spp., and Zalutschia spp.
Known examples of this community have been found at elevations between 1,534 feet and 1,780 feet.
Bog lakes and ponds are fun to explore in mid- to late summer by canoe when fragrant white water lily and spatter dock are in bloom. Frozen bog lakes can be easier to access on foot in the winter.
Bog Lake/Pond Images
Bog Lake, inland poor fen
Andrew Nelson, SUNY-Oswego
Bog lake surrounded by inland poor fen at Rankin Pond.
American White Water-lily - (Yellow Pond-lily, Variegated Yellow Pond-lily) Aquatic Vegetation (CEGL002562 )
Laurentian-Acadian Freshwater Marsh (CES201.594 )
Emergent aquatics
Dulichium arundinaceum var. arundinaceum (three-way sedge)
Juncus spp.
Sparganium fluctuans (floating bur-reed)
Floating-leaved aquatics
Brasenia schreberi (water-shield)
Nuphar microphylla (small-leaved yellow pond-lily, small-leaved spatter-dock)
Nuphar variegata (common yellow pond-lily, common spatter-dock)
Nymphaea odorata ssp. odorata (fragrant white water-lily)
Potamogeton epihydrus (ribbon-leaved pondweed)
Potamogeton oakesianus (Oakes's pondweed)
Sparganium angustifolium (narrow-leaved bur-reed)
Submerged aquatics
Schoenoplectus subterminalis (water bulrush)
Utricularia cornuta (horned bladderwort)
Utricularia geminiscapa (hidden-fruited bladderwort)
Utricularia vulgaris ssp. macrorhiza (greater bladderwort)
amphipods (Hyallela azteca)
midges (Chironomus spp.)
midges (Tribelos spp., Phaenopsectra spp., Zalutschia spp.)
mollusks (Ferresia californica)
mollusks (Musculium spp.)
phantom midges (Chaoborus spp.)
zooplankton - rotifers (Brachionus spp.)
zooplankton - rotifers (Keratella spp.).
Eutrophic dimictic lake (guide)
Eutrophic dimictic lake: The aquatic community of a nutrient-rich lake that occurs in a broad, shallow basin. These lakes are dimictic: they have two periods of mixing or turnover (spring and fall); they are thermally stratified in the summer, and they freeze over and become inversely stratified in the winter. Aquatic macrophytes are abundant in shallow water, and there are many species present, but species diversity is generally lower than in mesotrophic lakes. Characteristic plants include tapegrass (Vallisneria americana), pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.), bur-reeds (Sparganium spp.), and the floating aquatic plants white water-lily (Nymphaea spp.), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar luteum), and water-shield (Brasenia schreberi). Characteristic features of a eutrophic lake include the following: yellow, green, or brownish-green water that is murky, with low transparency (Secchi disk depths typically less than 2.5 m, but up to 4 m in some cases); water rich in plant nutrients (especially high in phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium); high primary productivity (inorganic carbon fixed = 75 to 250 g/m2/yr); lake sediments that are rich in organic matter (usually consisting of a fine organic silt or copropel); water that is well-oxygenated above the summer thermocline, but oxygen-depleted below the summer thermocline or under ice; epilimnion volume that is relatively large compared with hypolimnion; and a weedy shoreline. Alkalinity is typically high (greater than 12.5 mg/l calcium carbonate). Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
Eutrophic pond (guide)
Eutrophic pond: The aquatic community of a small, shallow, nutrient-rich pond. Species diversity is typically high. Aquatic vegetation is abundant. Characteristic plants include coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum), duckweeds (Lemna minor, L. trisulca), waterweed (Elodea canadensis), pondweeds (Potamogeton spp.), water starwort (Heteranthera dubia), bladderworts (Utricularia spp.), naiad (Najas flexilis), tapegrass or wild celery (Vallisneria americana), algae (Cladophora spp.), common yellow pond-lily (Nuphar variegata), and white water-lily (Nymphaea odorata). The water is usually green with algae, and the bottom is mucky. Eutrophic ponds are too shallow to remain thermally stratified throughout the summer; they often freeze and become inversely stratified in the winter (coldest water at the surface), therefore they are winter-stratified monomictic ponds. Additional characteristic features of a eutrophic pond include the following: water that is murky, with low transparency (Secchi disk depths typically less than 4 m); water rich in plant nutrients (especially high in phosphorus, nitrogen, and calcium), high primary productivity (inorganic carbon fixed = 75 to 250 g/m2/yr) and a weedy shoreline. Alkalinity is typically high (greater than 12.5 mg/l calcium carbonate). Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
Meromictic lake (guide)
Meromictic lake: the aquatic community of a relatively deep lake with small surface area that is so protected from wind-stirring that it has no annual periods of complete mixing, and remains chemically stratified throughout the year. These lakes may be protected from mixing by a sheltered surrounding landscape (e.g., a deep basin) or by adjacent tree cover. Meromictic lakes in New York freeze over and become inversely stratified in the winter (coldest water at the surface); they pass through spring, and fall periods of isothermy without circulating. Meromictic lakes frequently have dichothermic stratification, meaning that the minimum temperature occurs in the middle stratum. The stagnant waters in the lower part of a meromictic lake become heavily loaded with dissolved salts, and lack oxygen. Chemical stratification is most often measured by salinity gradients, or total cation and anion concentrations. Gradients may be present for chemicals, such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, phosphorus, or iron. Flushing rates are typically low. Some examples of this lake type may be dystrophic, and thus resemble bog lakes. Species diversity is low because very few organisms can tolerate the extreme chemical conditions of the lower strata of a meromictic lake. Fishes are absent or sparse. Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
Mesotrophic dimictic lake (guide)
Mesotrophic dimictic lake: The aquatic community of a lake that is intermediate between an oligotrophic lake and a eutrophic lake. These lakes are dimictic: they have two periods of mixing or turnover (spring and fall), they are thermally stratified in the summer (warmest water at the surface), and they freeze over and become inversely stratified in the winter (coldest water at the surface). These lakes typically have a diverse mixture of submerged macrophytes, such as several species of pondweeds (Potamogeton amplifolius, P. praelongus, P. robbinsii), water celery or tape grass (Vallisneria americana), and bladderworts (Utricularia spp.). Characteristic features of a mesotrophic lake include the following: water with medium transparency (Secchi disk depths of 2 to 4 m); water with moderate amounts of plant nutrients; moderate primary productivity (inorganic carbon fixed = 25 to 75 g/m2/yr); lake sediments with moderate amounts of organic matter; and moderately well-oxygenated water. Alkalinity is typically moderate (slightly greater than 12.5 mg/l calcium carbonate). Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
Oligotrophic dimictic lake (guide)
Oligotrophic dimictic lake: The aquatic community of a nutrient-poor lake that often occurs in deep, steeply-banked basins. These lakes are dimictic, meaning they have two periods of mixing and turnover (spring and fall); they are stratified in the summer, then they freeze in winter and become inversely stratified. Common physical characteristics of oligotrophic lakes include blue or green highly transparent water (Secchi disk depths from 4 to 8 m), low dissolved nutrients (especially nitrogen and calcium), low primary productivity, and sediment with low levels of organic matter. Additionally, the lakes have an epilimnion volume that is low relative to the hypolimnion, high dissolved oxygen levels year-round through all strata, and low alkalinity. The plant community is primarily in the shallow parts of the lake, between 1 and 3 m (3 to 10 feet), and is dominated by rosette-leaved aquatic species. Characteristic species include seven-angle pipewort (Eriocaulon aquaticum), water lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna), quillworts (Isoetes echinospora ssp. muricata, I. lacustris), milfoils (Myriophyllum alterniflorum, M. tenellum), bladderworts (Utricularia purpuea, U. resupinata), tape grass (Vallisneria americana), and creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens). Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
Oligotrophic pond (guide)
Oligotrophic pond: The aquatic community of a small, shallow, nutrient-poor pond. The water is very clear, and the bottom is usually sandy or rocky. Aquatic vegetation is typically sparse, and species diversity is low. Characteristic species are rosette-leaved aquatics such as pipewort (Eriocaulon aquaticum), water lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna), and quillwort (Isoetes echinospora). Oligotrophic ponds are too shallow to remain thermally stratified throughout the summer; they often freeze and become inversely stratified in the winter (coldest water at the surface), therefore they are winter-stratified monomictic ponds. Additional characteristic features of an oligotrophic pond include the following: blue or green water with high transparency (Secchi disk depths of 4 to 8 m); water low in plant nutrients (especially low in nitrogen, also low in calcium); low primary productivity (inorganic carbon fixed = 7 to 25 g/m2/yr). Alkalinity is typically low (less than 12.5 mg/l calcium carbonate). Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
Summer-stratified monomictic lake (guide)
Summer-stratified monomictic lakes are so deep (or large) that they have only one period of mixing or turnover each year (monomictic), and one period of stratification. These lakes generally do not freeze over in winter (except in unusually cold years), or form only a thin or sporadic ice cover during the coldest parts of midwinter, so the water circulates and is isothermal during the winter (similar temperature though the water column). These lakes are typically thermally stratified only in the summer (warmest water at the surface); they are oligotrophic to mesotrophic and alkaline. Characteristic aquatic macrophytes include pondweeds (Potamogeton gramineus, P. richardsonii, P. pectinatus), horned pondweed (Zannichellia palustris), naiad (Najas flexilis), waterweed (Elodea canadensis), tapegrass or wild celery (Vallisneria americana), and coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum). Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
Winter-stratified monomictic lake (guide)
Winter-stratified monomictic lakes have only one period of mixing each year because they are very shallow in relation to its size and is completely exposed to winds. These lakes continue to circulate throughout the summer and typically never become thermally stratified in that season. They are only stratified in the winter when they freeze over and become inversely stratified (coldest water at the surface). They are eutrophic to mesotrophic. Littoral, and epilimnion species assemblages predominate. Pelagic species assemblages are well developed. Vascular plants are typically diverse. Characteristic aquatic macrophytes include water stargrass (Heteranthera dubia), coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum), waterweed (Elodea spp.), naiad (Najas flexilis), tapegrass (Vallisneria americana), and pondweeds (Potamogeton perfoliatus, P. pectinatus, P. pusillus, P. richardsonii, P. nodosus, P. zosteriformis). The macroalgae Chara may be abundant. Bog lake/pond: The aquatic community of a dystrophic lake (an acidic lake with brownish water that contains a high amount of organic matter) that typically occurs in a small, shallow basin (e.g., a kettehole) that is protected from wind and is poorly drained. These lakes occur in areas with non-calcareous bedrock or glacial till; many are fringed or surrounded by a floating mat of vegetation (in New York usually either bog or poor fen). Characteristic features of a dystrophic lake include the following: murky water that is stained brown, with low transparency; water that is low in plant nutrients (especially low in calcium), with naturally low pH (less than 5.4); and the lake may have oxygen deficiencies in deeper water (the profundal zone). The lack of calcium blocks bacterial action, reducing the rate of decay of organic matter with subsequent accumulation of peat or muck sediments. Colloidal and dissolved humus material reduces transparency and increases acidity of the water. Characteristic macrophytes include water-shield (Brasenia schreberi), fragrant white water lily (Nymphaea odorata), yellow pond-lily (Nuphar microphylla, and Nuphar variegata), bladderworts (Utricularia vulgaris, U. geminiscapa, U. purpurea), pondweeds (Potamogeton epihydrus, P. oakesianus), bur-reeds (Sparganium fluctuans, S. angustifolium), and clubrush (Scirpus subterminalis). Characteristic zooplankton may include the rotifers Keratella spp. and Brachionus spp.
This figure helps visualize the structure and "look" or "feel" of a typical Bog Lake/Pond. Each bar represents the amount of "coverage" for all the species growing at that height. Because layers overlap (shrubs may grow under trees, for example), the shaded regions can add up to more than 100%.
Clausen, R.T. 1940. Aquatic vegetation of the Lake Ontario watershed. In: A biological survey of the Lake Ontario watershed, including all waters from Little Sandy Creek westward except the Genesee and Oswego River systems; supplemental to 29th annual report, Biological survey report XVI. pp 167-23.1
Cole, G.A. 1979. Textbook of limnology. The C.V. Mosby Co., Saint Louis, MO.
Maitland, P.S. 1978. Biology of fresh waters. John Wiley, and Sons, New York.
Nichols, W. F. 2015. Natural Freshwater Lakes and Ponds in New Hampshire: Draft Classification. NH Natural Heritage Bureau, Concord, NH.
Olivero-Sheldon, A. and M.G. Anderson. 2016. Northeast Lake and Pond Classification. The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Conservation Science, Eastern Regional Office. Boston, MA.
Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation
Adirondack Park Invasive Plant Program (APIPP) Aquatic Program Early Detection Reports
New York State Federation of Lake Associations (NYSFOLA) Aquatic Invasive Species by County
Northeast Lake and Pond Classification System (TNC)
Spring Pond Bog Preserve (TNC)
New York Natural Heritage Program. 2023. Online Conservation Guide for Bog lake/pond. Available from: https://guides.nynhp.org/bog-lakepond/. Accessed January 30, 2023.


ACT Residents are being asked to pay extra money for water to pay to build the Cotter Dam. The following is a financing arrangement that will build the dam, cost the government and Actew nothing, cost the Federal government nothing, give the residents of Canberra ownership and ongoing income from the dam and be very attractive to the banks.
Each resident served by the dam can be given the right to take out a zero interest loan with special conditions from any bank that wishes to offer the loans. The special conditions on the loan are that the money from the loan must purchase debentures from Actew. The money from the loans does not earn any interest. The loans must be paid back from income from the debentures which will come from higher water prices. Because the banks do not give interest on the money and because the loans must be spent purchasing Actew debentures the risk of the loans not being paid back is low and so banks do not have to take out any loans themselves to cover the assets nor do they have to keep a fraction of the loan value as liquid reserves because there will be no claim on the loan. If a person sells their debenture they must immediately repay their loan in full.
Banks can charge appropriate transaction fees. Actew gets money to build the dam. There is no cost to the government and residents end up owning the dam and once the loan is repaid residents will keep the income from the debentures.


AfricaEngineer is read and enjoyed throughout Africa as the publication seeks to keep engineering managers and executives, contractors, subcontractors and government agencies informed in today's fast-moving engineering industry. Engineering manufacturers and services providers rely on AfricaEngineer to keep them abreast of the latest technology design trends and the most innovative and cost-efficient enabling technologies available.
This makes our advertising as competitive as the products we write about. The AfricaEngineer publication is distributed to our targeted audience which include the Departments of Transport of different countries, the corporate world and engineering industries.
Mr. Mrs. Ms. Dr. Prof. Eng.


For the marriage of first child dewara will wake for two nights.
2) 1.5 kg. Tilpinda (2.5 Paati) 4) 1.25 kg. Ghugri to be filled in 5 bawls.
1) For the marriage of second child prepare half the quantity mentioned above but if the first marriage is of daughter & the second marriage is of son then prepare full quantity mentioned above.
2) It is not necessary to cook the whole quantity mentioned above, but only a part of it can be cooked & the rest can be fed to cows.
3) While bringing Mataji from the Devsthaan offer 1.25 kg. prasadi. Also while sending Mataji to the Devsthaan 1.25 kg. prasadi has to be offered.
4) While untying the chhedachhedi prasadi has to be taken.


The show can be the first sign of spring for many! Landscapers offer beautiful gardens filled with colorful blooms that brighten the days of showgoers! Hundreds of home improvement experts are available to help get your Spring checklist of to dos complete! Juried crafters are on hand showcasing wares of beauty and function to improve your home's decor or your personal lifestyle!


text:
Unearthed Warriors
Today was awaited with much anticipation as it was our chance to visit the famous Terracotta Army Museum! Our bus brought us near the entrance of the museum, but after unloading, we took a golf cart to reach the heart of the excitement. As we made our way to Pit 1 (the largest of the unearthed pits and the one containing the most soldiers), I was giddy. It was hard to believe that I was about to be in the presence of the famed ancient warriors within a matter of moments.
Pit 1: Full of reconstructed soldiers and horses + thousands of broken pieces
I entered the makeshift arched hall and navigated through clumps of other tourists to get my first glimpse of the soldiers. And there they were: still and frozen, yet wondrously full of emotion and life. Row upon row of these soldiers stood in the ground below, an occasional cluster of horses broke up the sea of men. I was surprised by the amount of detail that went into the creation of each warrior. Their features were easily discernible, and an ample amount of variety was given to each of the different hairstyles, clothing, and expressions.
Standing in formation
Although all of soldiers faced sternly forward in preparation to defend their Emperor, Qin Shi Huang, there were no weapons to be seen. While many bronze arrowheads, swords, and other weaponry had been discovered in the pit, these were likely mounted onto wooden shafts which have since degraded over the past 2,000 years. Similarly, the clusters of horses among the ranks once pulled large, wooden chariots- these too, no longer around. It was easy to get lost looking at the pit as the feeling of history, wonder, and mystery was thick in the air.
The middle soldier has his arms extended, at one time holding the reigns of a horse in his hands.
Although Pit 1 stretched over 16,000 square meters, most of the pit remained unexcavated to help preserve the paint and color of the remaining, buried artifacts. Since the Chinese believe to already know what lies beneath, there is no reason to dig it up and disrupt it.
Aside from the fully assembled soldiers in formation, there were many more broken pieces strewn along the floor. Next to the excavated portion of the pit, a small workshop was in place to show how the broken pieces could be carefully glued and bound together to bring the soldiers back to life. Unsurprisingly, the restoration process is slow and tedious, a complicated 3-dimensional puzzle of like-colored pieces.
After soaking up the grandeur of the first pit, we moved on to Pits 2 and 3. Pit 2 was similar in size to the first, with much of the area again left unexcavated. Pit 2 was the most complete pit of the three as it contained all the types of terracotta warriors found so far, including infantries, cavalries, chariot warriors and archers.
Pit 2: Mostly unexcavated, but the texture in the ground signifies soldiers beneath
Where there had been excavation, you could see the carnage of broken, mixed pieces.
Next to the pit, there was a small exhibition gallery featuring soldiers of each rank on display behind glass. Their life sized features were impressive to see up close, and their imposing gaze could be felt through the glass. A few retained hues of their original terracotta color.
The last Pit was by far the smallest, but perhaps the most important as it held all of the higher ranking generals. Believed to be the commanding center of the entire army, this pit comprised of 68 lifelike warriors, more weaponry, decorations, and even gold.
Even after leaving the museum, I was still wrapped in a sense of wonder and amazement. Seeing the assembled, standing army of Pit 1 in real life was truly a sight to behold. It was like the textbook pages of my middle school years had finally come to life. And all of this was discovered on accident by a farmer trying to dig a well!
Well look at that.
China, china excursion, famous in china, history, terracotta warriors, travel, xian
Rickshaws in the Hutongs
Chongqing Hot Pot

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Argument of type 'DateInput' is not assignable to parameter of type 'Date' I'm using fullcalendar, I want to use my local models instead of fullcalendar's model, and I when I'm trying to create new instance of my own model it says:

Argument of type 'DateInput' is not assignable to parameter of type
  'Date'.

Here is my event.model.ts:
export class EventModel {
  public eventId: string;
  public eventName: string;
  public eventStart: Date;

  constructor(
    eventId: string,
    eventName: string,
    eventStart: Date
  )
  {
    this.eventId = eventId;
    this.eventName = eventName;
    this.eventStart = eventStart;
  }
}

Here is the fullcalendar initiation:
import { EventInput } from '@fullcalendar/core';

Usage:
private events: EventInput[] = [
    { id: "1", title: 'Test', start: new Date() }
];

getEvent(id: string) : EventModel {
    var event = this.events.find(x => x.id === id);
    if (event) {
        EventModel model = new EventModel(event.id, event.title, event.start); //the event.start Throws error!
    }
}

A: Thanks to @jonrsharpe comment insight.
Even though the EventInput's start attribute has been initiate with simple start: new Date():
private events: EventInput[] = [
    { id: "1", title: 'Event Now', start: new Date() }
];

The EventInput class looks like:
export interface EventDateInput {
    start?: DateInput;
    //rest of properties.
}

DateInput is:
export type DateInput = Date | string | number | number[];

So a simple casting solve it:
EventModel model = new EventModel(event.id, event.title, <Date>event.start);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Pennsylvania Pennsylvania credit rating downgraded; a major blow to Gov. Tom Wolf
Pennsylvania credit rating downgraded; a major blow to Gov. Tom Wolf
Marivic Cabural Summers
Credits: screenshot from The Pennslyvania Capitol video tour
Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolff suffered a major blow after S&P Global Ratings downgraded the state's credit rating on Wednesday.
According to S&P, the downgrade was due to Pennsylvania's chronic structural imbalance, weakening liquidity, and budget stalemate. Governor Tom Wolf has been negotiating with legislators regarding the state budget.
S&P lowered Pennsylvania's general obligation (GO) rating to A+ and appropriation debt to A. It also downgraded the state's departmental appropriation rating to A- and its departmental & moral obligation rating to BBB+.
In a statement, Carol Spain, credit analyst at S&P Global Ratings, said, "The downgrade largely reflects the commonwealth's chronic structural imbalance dating back nearly a decade, a history of late budget adoption, and our opinion that this pattern could continue."
Ms. Spain said Pennsylvania's liquidity is weakening—another reason for the downgrade. She noted the delay or non-payment of scheduled expenditures for the first time in the history of the state.
Additionally, Ms. Spain said the state's structural deficit is still manageable on an annual basis. However, Pennsylvania is struggling to meet certain obligations on time because of its "reliance on one-time revenues."
Furthermore, the S&P credit analyst said the consequences of the budget gridlock extended beyond policy considerations to credit quality.
On Monday, Governor Tom Wolf expressed optimism that his administration will reach a compromise with legislators. A vote on a budget plan is possible before October 1.
Pennsylvania governor calls for immediate action
Today, Gov. Wolf issued a statement calling for an immediate action to complete the state budget.
Image source: Flickr
For months, Gov. Wolf warned his fellow politicians about the looming credit rating downgrade.
"We must reach an immediate resolution to the budget and today's news should be a wake-up call to come together and end this now. If an agreement has not progressed by next week, I will be forced to take further steps to manage this situation," he said.
The governor also pointed out, "I have said repeatedly for three years that we must responsibly fund the budget with recurring revenues. My budget proposal was balanced, cut more than $2 billion in expenditures and consolidated agencies, while also fixing the deficit."
budget stalemate
credit rating downgrade
Gov. Tom Wolf
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Marivic has been a freelance writer/journalist for nearly 20 years. She strictly adheres to the ethical standards in journalism. For her, integrity is everything. Readers deserve to know that real story.
She previously worked as research analyst and editor at Lombardi Financial and has written for various websites including The Motley Fool, ValueWalk, IcannWiki and was a news writer/radio program producer at Nation Broadcasting Corporation.
Marivic holds a BA in Mass Communications.


Fulham's season reached a low point against Huddersfield and the route back to form does not involve sacking Slavisa Jokanovic.
Feargal Brennan casts a tactical eye over Slavisa Jokanovic's Fulham and their Premier League progress so far.
Seb Stafford-Bloor on Ryan Sessegnon, whose potential is being realised at a staggering rate.
Is Ryan Sessegnon the best player in the Championship?
Tifo Studios take a closer look at Fulham's brightest hope, Ryan Sessegnon.
Blair Newman on Aleksandar Mitrovic's loan move to Fulham.
Tactical Profile | Is Ryan Sessegnon the best player in the Championship?
Ryan Sessegnon is enjoying a fine season at Fulham, we break down his tactical profile.
Ryan Sessegnon must avoid the pitfalls of other rising stars who were exposed to too much too soon.


Woodside bails out of Mauritania, Africa to follow?
Woodside Petroleum's existing African portfolio is facing the chop after the oil and gas producer decided to sell its troubled Mauritania assets to Malaysian-government owned group Petroliam Nasional Berhad.
The oil and gas producer said the $US418 million ($477.5 million) sale would include all of Woodside's onshore and offshore producing, development and exploration interests in the African country.
Woodside's $1 billion Chinguetti project in Mauritania has been a constant thorn in the side for the company since it began production early last year.
Chinguetti was slated to produce up to 75,000 barrels of oil per day, but the project has not lived up to expectations, suffering a significant cut in reserves and lower than anticipated output.
Production has slowly declined since start-up, with Woodside reporting output had dropped to about 15,000 barrels of oil per day in August.
The project has also been shrouded in controversy.
Woodside became embroiled in a dispute with the Mauritanian government around amendments to offshore production contracts and was investigated by the Australian Federal Police amid allegations of bribery.
Woodside had flagged the potential sale of Chinguetti in August.
At the time, Woodside managing director and chief executive Don Voelte said the company's entire African portfolio would come under review.
Woodside's African portfolio is extensive, with the company holding exploration acreage in Kenya, Liberia, Libya and Sierra Leone, along with producing assets in Algeria.
Woodside spokesperson Roger Martin said the company would continue to review its entire African portfolio, including its producing assets in Algeria.
"We indicated that we were considering a range of options in relation to our African assets, which could include and exit, and this is the result of that,'' Mr Martin said of Chinguetti.
The Chinguetti sale is expected to be completed by November, subject to regulatory approvals.
PETRONAS Australia Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of Petroliam Nasional, will house the Mauritania assets in its portfolio.
This is the second significant transaction for PETRONAS this week after the Malaysian oil and gas producer signed an agreement with Shell for a stake in the Evans Shoal liquefied natural gas (LNG) project in the Timor Sea.
The agreement gives PETRONAS a 25 per cent stake in the joint venture, which includes Shell, Santos Ltd and Osaka Gas.
Woodside shares gained 59 cents to $49.28 by noon.


We had nearly forgotten about our monthly contribution to our 'Familiar Fluke' blog!
This month's whale is one we have heard and read about. 'Bladerunner' as she is known by, suffered injuries from a boat's propeller after a ship strike in Sydney in 2001. Bladerunner is believed to have up to 15 deep scars on her side and even her fluke was damaged.
Although not as famous as last month's familiar fluke (Migaloo), her unique scars make her very recognisable among the whale watching and research community. Sighted in Eden in 2008 and twice in 2013 (north alone & south in October with a calf), the pair were then again sighted in January 2014 by Micheline Jenner in the icy waters of the Antarctic!
Although these aren't the kind of markings we like to see, it is a reminder to respect the regulations for zones of approach for cetaceans in our oceans and be mindful of their presence!
We hope to see her travelling past or resting in Jervis Bay possibly with a calf as the whales begin to travel back towards Antarctica this Southern Migration.


A pleasant walk in the woods, a 'nature pill,' measurably reduces stress hormone levels.
"Participants were free to choose the time of day, duration, and the place of their nature experience, which was defined as anywhere outside that in the opinion of the participant, made them feel like they've interacted with nature. There were a few constraints to minimize factors known to influence stress: take the nature pill in daylight, no aerobic exercise, and avoid the use of social media, internet, phone calls, conversations and reading," Hunter explains.
She continues, "Building personal flexibility into the experiment, allowed us to identify the optimal duration of a nature pill, no matter when or where it is taken, and under the normal circumstances of modern life, with its unpredictability and hectic scheduling."
"We accommodated day to day differences in a participant's stress status by collecting four snapshots of cortisol change due to a nature pill," says Hunter. "It also allowed us to identify and account for the impact of the ongoing, natural drop in cortisol level as the day goes on, making the estimate of effective duration more reliable."
"Healthcare practitioners can use our results as an evidence-based rule of thumb on what to put in a nature-pill prescription," says Hunter. "It provides the first estimates of how nature experiences impact stress levels in the context of normal daily life. It breaks new ground by addressing some of the complexities of measuring an effective nature dose."
"Our experimental approach can be used as a tool to assess how age, gender, seasonality, physical ability and culture influences the effectiveness of nature experiences on well-being. This will allow customized nature pill prescriptions, as well as a deeper insight on how to design cities and wellbeing programs for the public."


text:
Feliniopsis leucostigma is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Sikkim and Darjeeling and has recently been recorded from China.

External links
Three species of the family Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) new to China

Hadeninae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Plasma progesterone concentrations were used as a measure to determine the "ram effect" on nine cycling springbok ewes. Blood was collected biweekly, prior to and after ram introduction. Ewes were subjected to the ram for a period of forty two days. Blood was analysed for plasma progesterone by means of radioimmunoassays. No significant changes in the plasma progesterone concentrations were detected. Superficially, a reduction in the variation of the follicular phase of the ewes oestrous cycle was noted for before- to after ram introduction. However, possibly because of a too small sample size, no statistical significance was found. It is suggested that the "ram effect" on aseasonal cycling species may only have a synchronisation effect (reduction in the variation of time between the follicular phase of females) but more individuals should be used in future experiments to make any clear and definite conclusions. Furthermore other hormones such as e.g. luteinizing hormone, which may be less affected by translocation and handling stress, should also be used to determine the "ram effect" on aseasonally breeding wild ungulates.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 1999.


text:
В статье речь идет о существующем здании, построенном в 1871 году в городе Георгиевск Ставропольского края

Здание филиала Азово-Черноморского коммерческого банка — одноэтажное здание 1871 года постройки по улице Октябрьская в городе Георгиевск Ставропольского края. Памятник истории и культуры регионального значения. В настоящее время здание используется для нужд отделения ЗАГСа.

История
По улице Октябрьская, в центральной части города Георгиевска Ставропольского края, напротив монумента воинам павшим в годы Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945 гг., разместился исторический каменный одноэтажный особняк, построенный в 1871 году - яркий архитектурный пример русского модерна.

Здание Азово-Черноморского коммерческого банка построено в стиле эклектики ХIХ - начала XX веков, с применением отдельных форм классицизма в качестве декора, а также элементов романтического модерна с включением славянских национальных мотивов. Здание выполнено из кирпича, оштукатурено, обладает богато декорированным фронтоном, нанесена обильная лепнина, которая представляет собой барельефы голов льва, переходящие в пышные цветочные гирлянды. Над центральным входом располагается шатёр, увенчанный навершием.

В 1871 году в Георгиевске открыло свою работу комиссионерство Азово-Донского коммерческого банка. Этот банк являлся одним из пяти крупнейших банков России в начале XX века. Правление банка находилось в Таганроге. Именно это здание было возведено для нужд данного коммерческого учреждения.

Позднее этот памятник архитектуры получил название Филиал Азово-Черноморского коммерческого банка и под этим наименованием внесен в список объектов культурного наследия. После революции и до 1990 года в здании располагалось отделение Сберегательного банк СССР. С 1990 года и до настоящего времени в здании размещается городской ЗАГС.

В 2016 году здание было отреставрировано, были проведены строительные работы. Некоторые элементы декора фасада здание пришлось демонтировать из-за ветхости и аварийности. Внутри основной зал торжественных регистраций также богато украшен лепниной.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Здание филиала Азово-Черноморского коммерческого банка

Здания и сооружения, построенные в 1871 году
Здания и сооружения Ставропольского края


Khaama Press: Former Afghan President Hamid Karzai has said Afghanistan has never accepted Durand Line as border between Afghanistan and Pakistan and will never accept it in the future. In an interview with BBC Urdu, Karzai termed the formation of Durand Line a 'result of British imperialism' in the region. "When Pakistan came into being in 1947, they received it this way, so we are not blaming them but Durand Line is a blow which no Afghan can ever forget. We do not accept this border but will not fight over this issue," Karzai added. Click here to read more (external link).


One great template to fill out is the Business Model Canvas (Osterwalder & Pigneur). Use this template to plan what you need to do next.
Source: Business Model Generation (Osterwalder & Pigneur) Wiley & Sons, 2010.
Want to find entrepreneurial activity in the ATL area? Check this resource out. Our staff is always on the lookout to keep you connected.
Want to learn some quick video production methods? Do you know the difference between a jump, match, or cutaway edit? We have quick tutorials and workshops to get your ideas in front of people to gather feedback.
The wood lathe is a variable speed machine. Wood and dense foam can be mounted and the part is revolved. Special tools are used to shape the revolved design. Training is a MUST. Use protective eyewear when using the wood lathe.
Spindle sander is used to clean up simple curved cuts in wood. Sanders can only effectively sand small amounts. Cutting first at bandsaw near the layout line then cleaning up at sanders is correct.
Planers dimension lumber in thickness. Boards must be relatively flat to use on a planer. Wood only.
Ideal for precision work like electronics or detail work, this soldering helping hand keeps your work steady while you can focus on perfecting your solder. The helping hand may also come in handy for delicate gluing operations.


The Antonini showroom in Milano is located in an historical palace in the heart of the city. There you can admire the latest collection and have your own one-of-a-kind piece designed especiallly for you by our head designer.
Our showroom in Milan in the Sala Affreschi in Palazzo Borromeo is open to the public from Monday to Friday from 10.00am to 1.00pm and from 2.00pm to 6.00pm. Write us on the Contact Us page to set up an appointment, you will live an unforgettable Antonini experience.
The Antonini corner at Bols in Nagoya is the best place where discover and taste the latest Antonini collections available in Japan.
The Antonini boutique in Moscow is in the prestigious Smolensky Passage mall, in the center of the city. Here the sophisticated Russian customers can find the latest collections and one-of-a-kind jewels.


text:
LOCAL NEWS: M&M's Is The Most Popular Candy in Ohio!
Posted By D.L. Hughley
Source: Stephen Chernin / Getty
Candy.com has published a survey of which state has the most popular Halloween candy thanks to distributors, customers, and manufacturers.
The goodies that took the top honors in Ohio was…M&M's!
Skittles came in second. It's clear that bite-size candies are big in the Buckeye state.
Here is more from FOX8.com:
According to the company, the Top 10 Halloween candies in America, in order are Skittles, Reese's Cups, M&M's, Snickers, Starburst, candy corn, Hot Tamales, Tootsie Pops, Sour Patch Kids and Hershey's.
To see a breakdown of each state's favorite candy, click here!
Article Courtesy of WJW Fox 8 News Cleveland
First Picture Courtesy of John Greim and Getty Images
Second Picture Courtesy of Stephen Chernin and Getty Images
Ladies | Wednesday Eye Candy: Happy 41st Birthday Common! [Gallery]
More By D.L. Hughley
SPORTS: Two Cavs-Wizards Games Postponed Because of COVID-19
LOCAL NEWS: Cuyahoga County Stay-at-Home Advisory Now Extended Through Jan. 31
Waitress Helps Rescue 11-Year-Old From Abusive Parents at Restaurant


zarinahtakesapaycut: Shearn Delamores Rabindra Nathan hits below the belt again.
Shearn Delamores Rabindra Nathan hits below the belt again.
During cross examination, he said that PwC Malaysia did not have a system, to record the receipt of and to track, client's documents.
On 22nd January 2013, PwC Malaysia lost its leave application at the Federal Court to strike out the second plaintiff. The court's decision was unanimous.
The case is ongoing at the Kuala Lumpur High Court.
According to our PwC insider, PwC counsel Rabindra Nathan in his submissions refers to a 27th July e-mail which was among 11 documents ruled inadmissible by the Kuala Lumpur High Court on 5th December, 2012.
Three very important witnesses (including Datuk Ramesh Rajaratnam and Yeap Kok Hu) were not called by PwC Malaysia. All three were ex-Executive Directors of PwC Malaysia.
The three of them were ready to give evidence if they were allowed to speak the truth. The three witnesses now reside and work in Kuala Lumpur, and there is no reason why PwC Malaysia did not call them as witnesses as they had personal knowledge as to what happened to the intellectual property which was valued at RM 75 million by PwC Malaysia.
iv. Go on to fabricate documents which were eventually ruled inadmissible by the Kuala Lumpur High Court on 5th December, 2012 - and that story can be read here.
Rabindra Nathan would stoop so low as to refer to an non existent e-mail dated 27th July in submissions knowing very well that if the ex-Executive Directors were allowed to give evidence at the trial, they would have confirmed that this e-mail was fabricated.
An explosive e-mail exchange between two PwC Directors is now in our possession. this e-mail is at the end of November 2012, about a week before Lee Geok Ling took the stand. This e-mail will be published in the upcoming book once the trial is completed.
The gist of the e-mail is as follows.
"Why on earth is Lee Geok Ling taking the stand, when we don't know where these documents came from?"
True enough, Lee Geok Ling in his evidence said that these documents could have been manipulated. If Lee Geok Ling was sure that these documents were genuine and not fabricated, there is absolutely no reason for him to say that these documents could have been manipulated.


This year's Festival has an amazing line up of artistic groups. In keeping with Prime Minister Modi's vision Vasudeva Kutumbakam (the world is one large family); DIAF has strategically brought in groups from different parts of the world.
The opening ceremony of the 9th Delhi International Arts Festival (DIAF) made for an extraordinary experience. The High Commissioner of Bangladesh, Deputy Chief of Mission of Pakistan, Deputy Chief of Mission of Taiwan, Cultural Counsellor of China and the religious Buddhist head from Palpung, Tibet, lit the inaugural lamp on 11 October. Where else can this happen but in India? This amazing country has always been a confluence of cultures interfacing, blending, unifying towards harmonious co-existence.
The soft launch of the festival -- which kickstarts on 16 October -- was attended by several dignitaries, artistes and the crème de la crème of Delhi's society. In less than a decade, DIAF has become a signature capital event suffusing Delhi with the colours of music, dance, theatre, films, art exhibitions and children's events.
This year will be bigger and better. The Opening Gala will be held at Purana Qila on October 16 and will be free for all. Against the magnificent centuries'-old splendour of the Qila, Delhiites will witness a new take on 'Vande Mataram' as a multi-style dance production, followed by a cross cultural fusion between the The Taiwan Bamboo Orchestra ( that has scored music for the Hollywood blockbuster Mission Impossible ) and the Bamboo Symphony from Kerala. A rare concert featuring Arabic and Hebrew music performed by the renowned Soof Band from Israel will be followed by enthralling the Whirling Dervishes from Egypt.
DIAF offers a non-discriminatory model for a festival with performances ranging from the most traditional to the most contemporary expressions of all art forms. In keeping with the uniqueness and diversity of India's artistic and cultural traditions, DIAF offers a huge bouquet of arts -- with something for everyone's taste and age.
There's nothing snooty or exclusive about the festival. Everything is on offer for free, including the expesnive National Operas from Taiwan and China. Performance spaces range from large heritage monuments to formal theatres, amphitheatres, malls , eclectic music spaces and parks - thereby attempting to reach a large cross section of the public.
DIAF's journey over the years is quite a story in itself. It began in 2007 when India's contours were changing internally and internationally because of a new generation of wealth and a bourgeoning middle class. With it's economic footprints increasing in a fast globalising world, the time was right for India to step up to express it's soft power by organising an annual international festival.
But the model was new and unexplored.
To say it was a huge challenge forging partnerships with government and semi-government agencies, embassies and cultural centres, while simultaneously training personnel to work in the culture sector and to find the necessary funds to support the vast festival calendar, is an understatement. Even today, Indians are pretty conservative when it comes to parting with money and funding new ventures, especially in the field of arts and culture.
All of the '90s and into the 2000's, Indian culture was seen through the prism of Bollywood. DIAF wanted to demolish the myth of Bollywood as the torch bearer of Indian culture and to re-align people's focus on the myriad art forms prevalent in each region in India, and thereby help revive and sustain these art forms and artistes. So DIAF gets about one percent of the financial aid that other international festivals get, through government or other patrons. This too is not certain.
Funding DIAF and finding the 'right' partners to help in kind, year after year is an exasperating exercise.
To date, this challenge remains unaddressed, though the credibility and the footprints of the festival have travelled far beyond India's borders.
The International component of DIAF has a 'Look East' segment with performances by the Chongqing National Opera from the Sichuan province of China, Lovebird Spears, an Opera, Martial arts and Chinese Drums from Taiwan, Taiwanese Bamboo Orchestra, Legong and Sumatra dance from Indonesia, and a cross-cultural music band from Singapore.
'Look West' includes famous bands from USA, Israel, Czech Republic, Poland and Turkey, Flamenco music from Spain, Salsa from Mexico, contemporary dance theatre from Portugal and France and Tap Dance from the United Kingdom.
Performances from Central Asia include music and dance from Kyrgyzstan and Russia. Jordan performs from the prism of West Asia art forms. SAARC will be represented by theatre from Pakistan, dance from Sri Lanka and an art exhibition by Preema Nazia Andaleeb from Bangladesh.
This year's Festival features two special weekends called 'Welcome Africa' and 'Africa in India', on the side lines of the Arica Summit that is taking place in Delhi during that period. Many African countries, including Egypt, Ghana, Ethiopia, Zambia, Nigeria, Congo, Uganda and Kenya will perform for DIAF in a public outreach program at the Nehru Park.
The Union Ministries of Culture and the Indian Council for Cultural Relations are important collaborators of Delhi International Arts Festival (DIAF).


text:
Q: Selenium - not able to click button using Python I'm running into an issue trying to click on a specific button on my web application using Selenium with Python. The button shows up on a dialog that becomes available once another button is pressed.
For example, my form has the following section:

Once the 'Save Answers' button is pressed, an OK button shows up in a dialog above it.

I'm trying to click on this OK button, but it is not working as of right now.
When I inspect this element on Chrome, I get the following items:

Your answers have been saved.

<button data-bb-handler="cancel" type="button" class="btn btn btn-primary">OK</button>

With <button data-bb-handler="cancel" type="button" class="btn btn btn-primary">OK</button> being the button I am trying to click.
I am using the following Python code to try this:
driver.find_element_by_id("saveQuestionsSection").click() #click Save Answer
driver.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='button']").click() #click OK

But it is not working. I have tried to replicate this step using Selenium IDE and it works there, with the command looking like this:
Command: click
Target: xpath=(//button[@type='button'])[26]
But I am not sure how to translate this into Python code.
Any ideas?

A: Use CSS selector.
find_element_by_css_selector(".btn").click()

A: Try to wait until modal window with OK button appeared:
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

driver.find_element_by_id("saveQuestionsSection").click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//button[text()='OK']"))).click()

A: try this :
driver.find_element_by_id("saveQuestionsSection").click() #click Save Answer
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "button[text()='OK']"))
element.click()

OR
driver.find_element_by_id("saveQuestionsSection").click() #click Save Answer
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "(//button[@type='button'])[26]"))
element.click()

A: As per the HTML you have provided to click on the button with text as OK you can use the following lines of code :
//imports
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
// other lines of code
driver.find_element_by_id("saveQuestionsSection").click()
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH, "//div[@class='bootbox modal fade my-modal in']//div[@class='modal-footer']/button[@class='btn btn btn-primary' and contains(.,'OK')]"))).click()


text:
Lisa Turner
Fascinated by good people who do wicked things, Southern mystery author Lisa Turner examines human nature against the rich backdrop of Memphis and the Mississippi Delta.
Her debut novel, A Little Death in Dixie, raced to the top of Amazon's Kindle bestsellers list and nudged Mockingjay – the third book in The Hunger Games series – out of first place. That was followed by a two-book contract with the William Morrow imprint of HarperCollins. Her second novel—The Gone Dead Train, a 2015 Edgar nominee—explores lost secrets from the Memphis civil rights movement and the mysterious power of Santeria magic.
Turner's mysteries coil the roots of Southern identity around her characters and then drags them into a world of blues, murder, and heartbreak. "I'm a story archeologist," she says. "I keep digging into my characters until I strike the bone."
· © 2020 Lisa Turner · Designed by Press Customizr · Powered by ·


A modern, cloud-based, end-to-end solution for asset finance origination, credit adjudication, booking, and servicing.
LeaseSPARK provides a full-range of functionality from origination and underwriting through to servicing in an affordable, turnkey solution designed for small to medium-sized independent Canadian asset finance companies. Featuring integrated customer relationship management, document management, eSignatures, servicing, and accounting, all delivered on the cloud, users of the software can empower their businesses with the necessary automation to drive better customer experiences and remain competitive.


text:
A Magic Bullet At Any Cost
As in 1964, Japan has a point to prove. It explains the drive towards hosting the costliest Summer Olympics ever in the midst of a pandemic.
A Magic Bullet At Any Cost -
Soumitra Bose
More from Soumitra Bose
Updated: 25 Jun 2021 1:24 pm
Have a listen to this, ye mortals who despaired at the pandemic-hit Tokyo 2020: a race through the origin and progress of the Olympics shows that even after 2,800 years, mankind has not been able to overcome the primordial challenges of infectious diseases and internal strife. The first Olympics on record in 776 BC had its root in overcoming wars and epidemics. Legend has it that Iphitos, king of Ellis, was eager to break the chain of armed conflicts that ravaged Greece in the eighth century BC. Iphitos consulted the Oracle of Delphi—that ubiquitous soothsayer of classical antiquity—who advised him to create a peaceful sporting competition.
Humankind is at a crucial juncture today and, if political conflicts and climate change were not enough, it is gasping at the gauntlet thrown by a deadly virus. Never before since the inception of modern Olympics in 1896 have the Games been cancelled due to a pandemic. Five Olympic Games didn't happen—the summer games of 1916, 1940 and 1944, and the winter games of 1940 and 1944—because of the two world wars.
Sports Tokyo Olympic Games COVID-19 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak
UN: Situation 'Vastly Worse' For Women Rights Defenders Post Covid-19
Nifty Seen Opening On A Flat Note; Bajaj Finance, L&T Technology Services In Focus
Modern Day Slavery: UK Man Admits To Keeping Slave For 4 Decades
UP Assembly Polls: Admin Identifies 36 Polling Stations, 158 Booths 'Sensitive' In Ghaziabad


Tech Journal - Why doesn't Win98 Install? It keeps getting stuck in the middle!
Why doesn't Win98 Install? It keeps getting stuck in the middle!
I can't install Win98! It says "preparing files for installing windows"
(or something like that) in the GUI, reaches 100%, and crashs the machine.
"Virus Warning" in the CMOS is "Enabled" set it to "Disabled".


text:
Will Johnny Depp's Whitey Bulger stick to the facts?
Posted by Gangsters Inc. on July 18, 2014 at 3:30pm
Hollywood loves gangsters. Not because film makers condone their crimes, but because their stories make them lots of money. It's difficult to name any other genre that has so many titles based on a true story. Yet, despite this label, the true story often gets twisted to fit the silver screen. That is why Gangsters Inc. shares its knowledge of the facts and truth behind these blockbuster gangster flicks.
Untitled James "Whitey Bulger" Project
Let's start off with one of the most anticipated mob movies that will be released next year: The, as of yet untitled, biopic of Boston crime boss James "Whitey" Bulger. With Johnny Depp taking on the lead role and a supporting cast that includes Kevin Bacon, Benedict Cumberbatch, Joel Edgerton, Jesse Plemons ("Breaking Bad"), Sienna Miller, Dakota Johnson, Adam Scott and Corey Stoll it is looking to be a major production.
But will they stick to the facts?
Many in the media claimed Jack Nicholson's character in The Departed was based on Whitey Bulger. Though there were similarities between Bulger's story and the setting of the movie and Nicholson's portrayal those were all added as spice. The character itself was created by the Asian writers and producers who made the movie trilogy Infernal Affairs, which The Departed is based on. Nicholson did an excellent job and it was a great movie but in no way did it tell Whitey's story.
Though Nicholson resembled Bulger, Johnny Depp seems intent on going 100 percent Bulger on us. Photos (right) taken on the set show an unrecognizable Depp modeled exactly after the Boston mob boss. From the clothes to his thinning hairdo. It's clear the producers are doing their best at making the movie look authentic, but what about the plot?
The new production starring Johnny Depp is based on the terrific book Black Mass by authors Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill. The two Boston reporters were among the first to uncover Whitey's status as an informant with the FBI and how he manipulated his handlers into becoming his lackeys. Dick Lehr sat down with the good people at Crime Beat Radio to discuss Whitey Bulger in-depth and Gangsters Inc. was there to write it all down. Read The Making of Mob Boss Whitey Bulger here.
With Black Mass as source material this movie has all the makings of a classic. On September 18, 2015, we will find out!
More on Whitey Bulger:
Boston Boss James "Whitey" Bulger Found Guilty
Court Showdown Between "Whitey" and "The Rifleman"
Irish Mob Boss James "Whitey" Bulger Arrested
Cops make the deadliest Mafia hit men
Always a gangster: Racketeering in the nursing home


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Outside of Spray Brochure with detailed information and pricing.
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Super Punch: "Robert Jeffress, Pastor Who Said Jews Are Going to Hell, Led Prayer at Jerusalem Embassy"
"Robert Jeffress, Pastor Who Said Jews Are Going to Hell, Led Prayer at Jerusalem Embassy"
Despite their comments about Jewish people, the two pastors are among the leading pro-Israel voices in the evangelical Christian world. Some evangelicals believe that American foreign policy should support Israel to help fulfill biblical prophecies about the second coming of Christ.
Here are some of the most incendiary remarks they've made in the past.
US @statedeptspox says State had no role in picking the controversial pastor Robert Jeffress for opening ceremony for US Embassy in Jerusalem. Says Ambo Friedman picked him. Said of pastors views "we would certainly not agree with his remarks about some religious groups."


text:
All We Got Iz Us è il secondo album del gruppo musicale hardcore rap Onyx.

Tracce

Posizioni in classifica dell'album

Note

Collegamenti esterni


text:
class Enemies
{
public:
	Enemies(sf::RenderWindow& window);
	void reset();
	void update(double dt, double targetPosition);
	void killEnemy(unsigned int enemyIndex);
	std::vector<Enemy>::const_iterator begin() const { return m_enemies.begin(); }
	std::vector<Enemy>::const_iterator end() const { return m_enemies.end(); }
	std::vector<Enemy>::iterator begin() { return m_enemies.begin(); }
	std::vector<Enemy>::iterator end() { return m_enemies.end(); }
	std::size_t size() const { return m_enemies.size(); }

	void toggleDirection();
	unsigned int getNumberOfEnemiesAlive() const;
	bool getReachedBottom() const;

	double getSpeed() const { return m_speed; }
	double getDropSpeed() const { return m_dropSpeed; }
	double getRotation() const { return m_rotation; }

private:
	const double m_speedIncreaseMultiplier;
	const double m_dropSpeedIncreaseMultiplier;
	const double m_rotationSpeed;
	double m_speed;
	double m_dropSpeed;
	double m_rotation;
	pl::Range<double> m_rotationRange;
	std::vector<Enemy> m_enemies;
	sf::View m_view;
	bool m_reachedBottom;
	double m_targetPosition;

	void priv_addEnemies();
};

#endif // MTD_ENEMIES_HPP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Douglas Allen Brindley (born June 8, 1949) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward. Brindley played three games in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs during the 1970–71 season and 103 games in the World Hockey Association with the Cleveland Crusaders between 1972 and 1974. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1969 to 1976, was spent in the minor leagues.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

External links

1949 births
Living people
Buffalo Bisons (AHL) players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey centres
Cleveland Crusaders players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Jacksonville Barons players
Mohawk Valley Comets (NAHL) players
Niagara Falls Flyers players
People from Bruce County
Rochester Americans players
Syracuse Blazers players
Toronto Maple Leafs draft picks
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Tulsa Oilers (1964–1984) players


text:
Ojanen est un nom propre finlandais qui peut faire référence à :

Patronyme

 Kaarle Ojanen (1918-), joueur d'échecs finlandais ;
 Janne Ojanen (1968-2019), joueur finlandais de hockey sur glace ;
 Eino Ojanen (1924-2010), joueur et entraîneur de basket-ball ainsi que handballeur finlandais.

Patronyme finnois


text:
Sultan: ₹ 300 Crore and Counting!
Published by Hemant Sanganee on Aug 10, 2016
More in Box Office Report:
YRF's Pathaan is a historic hit, collects 113.6 crore gross on day 2, total worldwide collection at an astronomical 219.6 crore gross! Jan 27, 2023
Gangubai Kathiawadi becomes Alia Bhatt's highest solo opening film, surpasses Raazi Feb 26, 2022
Aditya Roy Kapur and Disha Patani are 'Mast Malang ' on Score Trends India Newspaper chart Feb 20, 2020
Yash Raj Films' Sultan is the latest entrant in the coveted ₹ 300 crore club in the Domestic Market. Sultan, with its poignant yet powerful love story of a wrestler who changes his fortune with dedication and sheer focus is a classic mainstream entertainer.
After breaking multiple box office records in its opening weekend, this Salman Khan and Anushka Sharma starrer, which has been directed by Ali Abbas Zafar and produced by Aditya Chopra has connected with audiences worldwide and continues its victorious march at the box office! Sultan has:
Crossed ₹ 300 Crores Net Box Office Collections and ₹ 420 Crores Gross Box Office Collections in the Domestic Market.
Crossed ₹ 164 Crores Gross Box Office Collections in the International Market.
Crossed ₹ 584 Crores Gross Box Office Collections in the Domestic and International Markets.
After just 35 days in its release cycle, Sultan is now the 3rd Highest Grossing Movie In The History Of Indian Cinema! In the days ahead, Yash Raj Films' will continue to entertain audiences by marketing and distributing the movie in a phased manner across various traditional and non-traditional markets for Hindi movies.


I stumbled across the reviews of this book by chance, and was quite stunned to see what almost appears to be an orchestrated trashing of what I regard as a useful barometer of informed professional opinion.Yes, some of the authors and some of the views of the authors are relatively conventional, but by and large I am not only quite pleased to have this book in my library, I find that the thoughts of Jennifer Sims, Douglas MacEachin, and Robert Kohler, and Britt Snider, to name just four–I like the others as well–are as essential a starting point for reform as the more radical ideas of myself, Senator Shelby, Senator Rudman, or others.
Bottom line: Roy Godson and these people have been troubled by intelligence ineffectiveness, and have done more than most to publish in this arena, than anyone else I know. This book is not the end all, but it is a vital historical reference point for any serious professional. I would not reprint it, but I would certainly recommend it as a used book acquisition, and I hope that a new set of authors comes together to provide a 21st Century "second look" in the aftermath of 9-11. In the meantime, I would point folks toward Godson's "Dirty Tricks or Trump Cards," Allen's "None So Blind," and Zegart's "Flawed by Design," inter alia. If you want a list of my top 20 recommended books, send me an email.


"ECO2 Plastics waterless cleaning process was recognized by Popular Science magazine as one of the Top 100 innovations of the year, winning the coveted "Best of What's New" award in the Green Tech category."
"Despite the worry that global warming has generated, we've already thrown some 40 billion plastic bottles into landfills this year. Why so many? For starters, they are expensive to recycle, and don't yield much of a profit. But a small company in the Central Valley is trying to change that."


Sunrooms offer homeowners a simple and convenient addition to their homes that can instantly add beauty and functionality. These additions can also increase the property's resale value, making it a great investment for any homeowner. Residents who want to add sunrooms to their homes in Indianapolis, Muncie, Kokomo, or other surrounding communities can choose from several styles offered by L.J. Stone Company, Inc.
These types of sunrooms, made with high-performance screening, glass, and other materials, allow for increased infiltration of sunlight and fresh air, helping to bring in the outdoors without having to give up the luxuries of indoor living. As one of the most experienced sunroom builders in central Indiana, L.J. Stone's carpenters and installers are dedicated to ensuring customer satisfaction throughout the entire process, from the initial free estimate to completion of the project.
In addition to sunrooms, our family-owned and operated company can complete a number of other home improvement projects, including installation of home windows, gutter guards, cabinet resurfacing, and much more.
Contact L.J. Stone Company today to learn more about our attractive sunrooms and other home improvement options. Residents of Anderson, Marion, New Castle, Richmond, Greenfield, Greenwood, Portland, Winchester, Carmel, and other communities in the greater Indianapolis area have depended on our award-winning products and customer service since 1967.


This spirited New Orleans Saints baby outfit is a perfect choice for your tiny Saints fan! The Onesie features a fold over neck and three snap closure at the leg. The bib coordinates with the logo covered Onesie and the beanie sports official Saints logos as well. All three pieces are made of a soft, absorbent and durable cotton knit. Comes in Saints infant clothing sizes 0-6 months.


text:
Q: Different behavior for NOT IN vs NOT EXISTS I am receiving different results from the following two queries and do not understand why. Shouldn't this NOT IN query return the same result as the NOT EXISTS query?
SELECT p.pid, p.pname, w.salary
FROM Person p, worksFor w
WHERE p.pid = w.pid AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT *
                    FROM worksFor w1,Knows k
                    WHERE w1.pid = k.pid1 AND w1.cname = w.cname AND w1.pid <> w.pid AND k.pid2 = w.pid);

SELECT p.pid, p.pname, w.salary
FROM Person p, worksFor w
WHERE p.pid = w.pid AND 1 NOT IN (SELECT 1
                    FROM worksFor w1, Knows k
                    WHERE w1.pid = k.pid1 AND w1.cname = w.cname AND w1.pid <> w.pid AND k.pid2 = w.pid);

 pid  |  pname   | salary
------+----------+--------
 1002 | Vidya    |  45000
 1007 | Danielle |  50000
 1010 | Linda    |  55000
 1011 | Nick     |  70000
 1013 | Lisa     |  55000
 1016 | YinYue   |  55000
 1018 | Arif     |  50000
 1019 | John     |  50000

 pid  |  pname   | salary
------+----------+--------
 1007 | Danielle |  50000
 1012 | Eric     |  50000
 1017 | Latha    |  60000
 1018 | Arif     |  50000
 1019 | John     |  50000
(5 rows)

A: The two given queries should produce the same result since you have SELECT 1 with NOT IN (which makes little sense for IN / NOT IN to begin with).
NOT EXISTS and NOT IN differ when null values are involved in the comparison:
SELECT NOT EXISTS (SELECT NULL::int);  -- false
SELECT 1 NOT IN   (SELECT NULL::int);  -- null !

NOT EXISTS is false if the bracket expression returns any rows.
NOT IN differs when NULL values are involved. The logic behind it: null values are considered "unknown", their true value might match after all, we just don't know. So the result is null instead of false.
NOT IN is discouraged for this use case.
NOT EXISTS is almost always the better tool with subqueries. Typically faster, too.
See:

*

*Select rows which are not present in other table
My guess is that your displayed NOT IN query differs from what you actually tested. A typical "equivalent" NOT IN formulation for the given NOT EXISTS clause would be:
...
AND (w.cname, w.pid) NOT IN (
   SELECT w1.cname, k.pid2
   FROM   worksFor w1, Knows k
   WHERE  w1.pid = k.pid1
   AND    w1.pid <> w.pid);

"Equivalent" in quotes, because it differs with null values.


Polk Audio's car audio systems are designed to make any car, boat or ATV sound better than ever. With water and dirt resistant materials, their speakers deliver rugged reliability, and thrilling sound performance. This allows audio consumers to turn their drive into a power trip with dynamic audio that can go just about anywhere.
Polk Audio is widely known for their two car audio lines: the marine certified 'DB Series', and the premium, ultra-marine certified 'MM Series'. Both the DB and MM Series are constructed using the most advanced materials available, which gives them their legendary sound quality.
Polk Audio has recently released the next generation of these speaker lines, known as the DB+ Series and MM1 Series. The high performance upgrades include new technology, as well as improved product design and function. The DB+ Series was released at the 2016 CES trade show, followed by the MM1 Series at the 2017 CES trade show.
As the lead brand designer on this project, I rebranded the DB+ and MM1 Series. Deliverables include: finalized identity, brand guidelines, packaging, promotional materials, website UI designs, and CES trade show graphics.


How much progress has palliative care made in India during the last decade? Tremendous, if we count the number of palliative care centres.
But then we are busy playing the numbers game?
Morphine consumption is only one part of pain management, and no doubt pain management is only one aspect of palliative care. However, the fact remains that morphine consumption is the only reliable indicator of palliative care access that we have and particularly because morphine is the only step III oral opioid available in India.
Above all, let us hope that increased availability of palliative care services mean that more people are receiving better assessment and guidance.
Comment: What should medicine do when it can't save your life?
Sara Thomas Monopoli was pregnant with her first child when her doctors learned that she was going to die. It started with a cough and a pain in her back. Then a chest X-ray showed that her left lung had collapsed, and her chest was filled with fluid. A sample of the fluid was drawn off with a long needle and sent for testing. Instead of an infection, as everyone had expected, it was lung cancer, and it had already spread to the lining of her chest. Her pregnancy was thirty-nine weeks along, and the obstetrician who had ordered the test broke the news to her as she sat with her husband and her parents. The obstetrician didn't get into the prognosis—she would bring in an oncologist for that—but Sara was stunned. Her mother, who had lost her best friend to lung cancer, began crying.
The doctors wanted to start treatment right away, and that meant inducing labor to get the baby out. For the moment, though, Sara and her husband, Rich, sat by themselves on a quiet terrace off the labor floor. It was a warm Monday in June, 2007. She took Rich's hands, and they tried to absorb what they had heard. Monopoli was thirty-four. She had never smoked, or lived with anyone who had. She exercised. She ate well. The diagnosis was bewildering. "This is going to be O.K.," Rich told her. "We're going to work through this. It's going to be hard, yes. But we'll figure it out. We can find the right treatment." For the moment, though, they had a baby to think about.
"He learns that patients who have the opportunity to receive palliative care alongside their anticancer treatment fared better than those who had treatment (usually chemotherapy) alone. The former patients used hospital and intensive care (ICU) less. They were more likely to achieve their wishes which often included being able to die at home. Their carers at 6 months after the death were better emotionally adjusted. The surgeon was also surprised to learn that in some groups of patients (eg cancer of lung and pancreas) even lived longer than those receiving palliative chemotherapy. He had previously believed that patients choosing palliative care always died sooner.
He came to appreciate that the majority of people are prepared to discuss their wishes for the future and write advance directives. In particular he was amazed to realise that carefully conducted consultations can help patients, families, and their doctors identify the expectations and anxieties which enable more patient orientated care to be given. He concludes that doctors must be prepared to discuss end of life issues and help patients plan for their future even while pursuing further treatment.
He highlights a hospice doctor who reminds him that effective communication is an acquired skill and requires no less experience than performing a surgical operation. The key features of an interview are to allow and facilitate the patient to explore their understanding of the illness and prognosis, including anxieties about the future. This requires the doctor to actively listen and acknowledge these concerns without necessarily trying to provide all the answers.
AS A child growing up in the impoverished Indian state of Bihar in the 1980s, Ranjana Srivastava's first encounter with cancer broke her heart. In what felt like a matter of weeks, the disease transformed her energetic grandmother into a vulnerable, ailing person who spent her last days confined to a hospital bed.
Despite being treated by one of the best cancer specialists in the region, Srivastava's "Nanima" did not receive good care. As she was shunted through the health system for a multitude of tests and procedures, her doctors fed only morsels of information to her eldest son, who, despite his best efforts, struggled to understand what it all meant for his mother.
Towards the end of Nanima's life, the lack of communication between these doctors and her family led to a tragic end. Without knowing her grandmother's prognosis, Srivastava, then 10, and her mother flew to Britain to visit family. While they were gone, their beloved matriarch fell into a coma and died. She was cremated before they could get back to see her one last time. There were things they wanted to say. They did not get a chance to say goodbye.
Last week, over the objections of New York State's Medical Society, Gov. David A. Paterson signed into law a bill — the New York Palliative Care Information Act — requiring physicians who treat patients with a terminal illness or condition to offer them or their representatives information about prognosis and options for end-of-life care, including aggressive pain management and hospice care as well as the possibilities for further life-sustaining treatment.
A small international study, published in the Journal of Palliative Medicine, reports that families of terminally ill patients suffer significant economic effects related to the illness, forcing some households to accrue large debts and rendering them unable to afford food or attend government-funded education programs.
A sample of eleven patient-caregiver dyads (22 individuals) who visited Pallium India's Palliative Care Clinic in Trivandrum, Kerala, India completed a survey.
All of the respondents said that as a result of the illness they had to sell assets and it left them unable to work at the same level as before the illness.
A majority of caregivers said that they would have accepted outside help and they thought that having someone else to tend to their loved one would have prevented some sacrifices.
On 2 September, Dr M.R. Rajagopal received the annual award of International Association for Study of Pain (IASP) for Excellence in Pain Management for Developing Countries.
Sir Michael Bond, chairman of the developing countries' working group of IASP presented the award at the 13th World Congress on Pain in Montréal, Canada. The congress was attended by more than 6,500 delegates.
its mission to improve global availability of, and patient access to, essential controlled medications for pain relief and opioid substitution therapy.
Full details and application information here….
One year old "S" will have no birthday party. Oh, yes, there will be a cake and celebration within the family. But what would have gone towards a party for friends and the extended family has now been handed over to us. "She will be blessed!", her mother said simply.
When 45 year old Mr. K.N. died, there was no typical "Sanchayanam breakfast" for hundreds of people on the 5th day-rituals. Instead, the money came to us.
Pooja qualified as an engineer and got a job. 10% of her first salary came to us.
Ms P.B. disposed of some property. A certain percentage of the proceeds, Rs. 70,000, was donated to Pallium India.
These are just a few examples. We are blessed!