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Data Privacy Laws by State
According to a recent study, 47% of Americans were not sure they understood what was done with their personal information and 59% were confused by the data privacy policy presented by companies.
Editor's Note: The following guide to states' data privacy laws was compiled and produced in early April, 2020 but still offers a comprehensive view of status and best practices.
Your Data Travels Even If You Don't
The more connected we become, the more data we will continue to share. Think about how often you access the internet and input or view sensitive information. From accessing health care information to paying bills online to even tagging your location on social media, you're sharing information that can be collected.
By Taylor Leamey
According to a recent study, 47% of Americans were not sure they understood what was done with their personal information and 59% were confused by the data privacy policy presented by companies. In a time when our lives are so heavily entwined with the internet, knowing what's done with the data you share is critical.
Landmark security breaches remind us how vulnerable our data really is. Equifax, one of the top three credit reporting agencies, disclosed a data breach in September of 2017. Information like social security numbers, names, addresses, and driver's license numbers were compromised for 147 million people, along with 209,000 customer credit card numbers. Given the severity and importance of the information leaked, the Equifax breach is regarded as unprecedented in impact. The settlement reached with the Federal Trade Commission amounted to $425 million to be paid out to help people who were affected.
Facebook has experienced a series of security breaches, which has resulted in federal investigation. In 2019, the user data of 540 million Facebook users was exposed on Amazon's cloud computing services. It was revealed that Facebook partnered with more than 150 companies to share personal information of the hundreds of millions of people who use the social media platform. Users were not aware of this exchange. In a focus group conducted by the Pew Research Center, people spoke negatively about the consequences of sharing data and cited that companies could have an ulterior motive for collecting their data.
U.S. Privacy Act of 1974: This act established regulations on the collection, maintenance, use, and sharing of information. It requires that agencies obtain written consent from the individual before disclosing any of their information, unless it is part of the 12 statutory exceptions. Under this act, individuals are also able to request amendments to their records.
Federal Trade Commission Act: This act gives the Federal Trade Commission the power to protect consumers from unfair or deceptive practices taken by companies and seek monetary compensation. They also have the right to enforce federal data and privacy protections.
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA): COPPA prohibits the collection of data from anyone under the age of 13 without obtaining verifiable parental consent.
Video Privacy Protection Act (VPPA): VPPA bans the disclosure of personal information or data unless the customer is aware and consents. This act includes streaming services.
There is no single catch-all data privacy law. Instead, there are a mixture of federal and state laws that try to address the different aspects of data protection. The lack of federal laws pertaining to consumer privacy led individual states to pass their own laws protecting citizens. Even still, all-encompassing laws are not widely held. There is still a lot of ground that needs to be covered to ensure that American consumers are completely protected.
Types of Data Privacy Laws
Do you ever wonder why things like Facebook or Instagram are free? You pay in privacy. These types of online services are free of monetary charge because they collect your data in exchange for their hosted services. However, 38% of surveyed Americans said that they were confused by the information presented in a privacy policy.
As of January 2020, the California Consumer Privacy Act addresses that exact issue. This law puts pressure on companies to be transparent with their practices and gives residents the right to know what personal information has been collected, shared, or sold. Additionally, consumers have the right to delete personal information that's already been collected and the right to opt-out of the sale of personal information. The idea of trading your personal information for a free service is better accepted when the consumer has control.
One of the only inclusive data privacy laws is concerned with children's online privacy. Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) is a federal law that prohibits the collection of data from children who are under 13 years old. This means that parents have control over the information the companies can have and can request that any collected data be deleted.
In February 2019, TikTok paid $5.7 million to the FTC over concerns that the video app was in violation of COPPA. The largest children's privacy civil penalty to date, TikTok was accused of illegally collecting personal information from children without parental consent. In addition to the substantial settlement, TikTok was required to update its practices and remove all videos that are made by children under the age of 13. TikTok is only one example, Google and YouTube have also been investigated by the FTC.
There are only a handful of states that have laws governing consumer privacy when it comes to e-readers. These laws prohibit entities from collecting or sharing information regarding the type of material being rented or bought using the e-reader. Within the states that have laws pertaining to e-readers, most have focused on information that can be gathered by public entities like libraries. However, efforts are being made to protect the privacy of the content people choose to read on their electronic devices. The Electronic Frontier Foundation took the time to comb through the popular e-book platforms' privacy policies to give you the answers you've been searching for.
Consumers are seeing changes when it comes to online services and privacy data. Companies are now more transparent when it comes to their efforts in collecting information about your browsing habits, whether in a good-faith effort to keep their consumer's trust or because of the laws that require it. Additionally, approximately 86% of internet users have taken steps to maintain their online privacy. Clearing cookies, using a virtual network and encrypting their email are some of the actions taken. Still, 61% say that they still would like to do more to protect themselves.
Information sharing by business
While businesses collecting and sharing your information is nothing new, recent changes require that companies clearly inform you of what their intentions are when collecting that information. The reason why the company collects your data will vary, though generally companies use it to improve customer experience, assess their marketing strategy, or make money. The relationship around data privacy is a give and take between both consumers and data collectors. Businesses must be held accountable for the data privacy methods they have in place and be transparent about how they use the data they harvest. It's also imperative that consumers know their rights and ability to impact how companies collect and use their information.
Notice when recording phone calls
Generally, the biggest concern when recording phone calls is consent. Many states are one-party consent states, meaning that phone calls can be recorded as long as one person consents. But what is considered consent? Think about when you call a customer service line and hear the ever-identifiable "this call may be monitored or recorded…" message. When a caller continues with the call, many states take that as implied consent.
There are 11 states that require both parties to consent to the recording: California, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania and Washington. Sometimes regardless of which law the state follows, there are exceptions to the rules. Which include: police recordings, court orders, and emergency services.
Breach notification laws
Every single state has a data breach notification law in place, although some states were slower than others to adopt one. Still, many states are actively amending their laws and expanding the definitions they hold. States like New Jersey, New York, and Oregon have broadened the scope of what is protected and established what regulations they impose on companies. Breach notification laws require that companies notify consumers of any data breaches involving personal or otherwise identifying information. Each law has a specified time frame in which action needs to be taken.
Data disposal
Data disposal laws are concerned with what happens to your information when the company no longer wants to store it. To prevent unauthorized access, both government and private agencies are required to destroy or make indecipherable information in consumer reports. The Federal Trade Commission has impressed a disposal rule that outlines what the rule applies to and what constitutes proper disposal. Proper disposal of consumer records should be a part of every company's security program.
Understandably, the mashup of federal and state laws can be hard to navigate. This table can help you break it down.
State Title Type of Law
Alabama SB318 Data breach notification
Alaska Alaska Stat. § 45.48.010 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Alaska Stat. § 45.48.500 Data disposal
Arizona Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 41-151.22 e-reader
#rowspan# A.R.S. §§ 18-55 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 44-7601 Data disposal
Arkansas Ark. Code §§ 4-110-105 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Ark. Code §§ 4-110-104(b) Consumer data
#rowspan# Ark. Code §§ 4-110-104(a) Data disposal
California Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798.100 et seq. Consumer data
#rowspan# Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22948.20 Consumer data
#rowspan# Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798.81 Data disposal
#rowspan# Calif. Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 22580-22582 Children's online privacy
#rowspan# Cal. Ed. Code § 99122 Online services and websites
#rowspan# Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798.130(5), 1798.135(a)(2)(A) Online services and websites
#rowspan# Calif. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22575-22578 (CalOPPA) Online services and websites
#rowspan# Calif. Bus. & Prof. Code § 22575 Online services and websites
#rowspan# Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798.83 to .84 Information sharing
Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat. § 6-1-716 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Colo. Rev. Stat. § 6-1-713: Data disposal
Connecticut Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-471 Data disposal
#rowspan# Conn. Gen Stat. § 36a-701b Data breach notification
Delaware Del. Code § 1204C Children's online privacy
#rowspan# Del. Code tit. 6, § 1206C e-reader
#rowspan# Del. Code Tit. 6 § 205C Information sharing
#rowspan# Del. Code tit. 6 § 5002C Data disposal
Florida Fla. Stat. §§ 501.171(3)-(6) Data breach notification
#rowspan# Fla. Stat. §§ 501.171(2) Consumer data
#rowspan# Fla. Stat. §§ 501.171(8) Data disposal
Georgia Ga. Code §§ 10-1-910 et. seq. Data breach notification
#rowspan# Ga. Code §§ 10-15-2(b) Data disposal
Hawaii Haw. Rev. Stat. § 487N-2 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 487R-2 Consumer data and data disposal
Idaho Idaho Code § 67-831 through § 67-833 Data breach notification
Illinois 20 ILCS § 450 Consumer data
#rowspan# 815 ILCS § 530/45 Consumer data
#rowspan# 815 ILCS §§ 530/1 to 530/25 Data breach notification
#rowspan# 815 ILCS § 530/30 Data disposal
Indiana Ind. Code §§ 4-1-11 et. seq Data breach notification
#rowspan# Ind. Code §§ 24-4-14-8 Data disposal
Iowa Iowa Code §§ 71.C.1 – 715C.2 Data breach notification
Kansas Kan. Stat. § 50-7a01 et seq. Data breach notification
Kentucky KRS § 365.732 and KRS § 61.931 to 61.934 Data breach notification
#rowspan# KRS § 365.725 Data disposal
Louisiana La. Rev. Stat. §§ 51:3071 et seq. Data breach notification
Maine 35-A MRSA § 9301(active 7/1/20) Online services and websites
#rowspan# Me. Rev. Stat. tit. 10 § 1346 et seq Data breach notification
Maryland Md. State Govt. Code § 10-624 (4) Information sharing
#rowspan# Md. State Govt. Code §§ 10-1303 Data disposal
#rowspan# Md. Code Com. Law §§ 14-3504 Data breach notification
Massachusetts Mass. Gen. Laws § 93H-3 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Mass. Gen. Laws § 93H-2 Consumer data
#rowspan# Mass. Gen. Laws § 93I-2 Data disposal
Michigan Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 445.72 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 445.72a Data disposal
Minnesota Minn. Stat. §§ 325M.01 to .09 Online services and websites
#rowspan# Minn. Stat. §§ 325E.64 Data breach notification
Mississippi Miss. Code § 75-24-29 Data breach notification
Missouri Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 182.815, 182.817 e-reader
#rowspan# Mo. Rev. Stat. § 407.1500 Data breach notification
Montana Mont. Code §§ 30-14-1701 et seq Data breach notification
#rowspan# Mont. Code §§ 30-14-1703 Data disposal
Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 87-801 et seq. Data breach notification
#rowspan# Neb. Stat. § 87-302(15) Inaccuracies in privacy policies
Nevada NRS § 603A.300 Consumer data
#rowspan# NRS § 603A.340 Information sharing
#rowspan# SB 220 Online services and websites
#rowspan# NRS § 205.498 Online services and websites
New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. §§ 359-C Consumer data, information sharing, data breach notification, data disposal
New Jersey N.J. Rev. Stat. §§ 56:8-163 Data breach notification
#rowspan# N.J. Rev. Stat. §§ 56:8-162 Data disposal
New Mexico 2017 H.B. 15, Chap. 36, Section 6 Data breach notification
#rowspan# 2017 H.B. 15, Chap. 36, Section 3 Data disposal
#rowspan# 2017 H.B. 15, Chap. 36, Section 4 Consumer data
New York S5575B Consumer data
#rowspan# N.Y. Gen. Bus. Law § 399-H Data disposal
#rowspan# 23 NYCRR 500 Data breach notification
Oregon ORS § 646.607 Information sharing
#rowspan# SB684 Data breach notifications
North Carolina N.C. Gen. Stat. § 75-65 Data breach notifications
#rowspan# N.C. Gen. Stat. § 75-65 Data disposal
North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code §§ 51-30-01 et seq Data breach notifications
Ohio Ohio Rev. Code §§ 1347.12 and Ohio Rev. Code §§ 1349.19 et seq Data breach notifications
Oklahoma 24 OK Stat § 24-163 (2016) Data breach notifications
Oregon Oregon Rev. Stat. § 646A.604 Data breach notifications
#rowspan# Oregon Rev. Stat. § 646A.622 Data disposal
Pennsylvania 18 Pa. C.S.A. § 4107(a)(10) Inaccuracies in privacy policies
#rowspan# 73 P.S. §§201-1 – 201-9.2 Consumer data
Rhode Island R. I. Gen. Laws §§ 11-49.3-1 to .3-6 Data breach notification
#rowspan# R. I. Gen. Laws § 6-52-2 Data disposal
South Carolina S.C. Code Ann. § 30-2-40 and S.C. Code Section 30-2-20 Consumer data
#rowspan# S.C. Code SECTION 39-1-90 Data breach notification
#rowspan# S.C. Code Section 37-2-190 Data disposal
South Dakota SD SB62 Data breach notification
Tennessee Tenn. Code §§ 47-18-2107 Consumer data
#rowspan# Tenn Code §§ 8-4-119 Data breach notification
#rowspan# Tenn Code § 39-14-150(g) Data disposal
Texas Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 521.053 Data breach notifications
#rowspan# Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 521.052(a) Consumer data
#rowspan# Tex. Bus. & Com. Code § 521.052(b) Data disposal
Utah Utah Code §§ 13-37-201 to -203 Information sharing
#rowspan# Utah Code § 13-44-201(1)(a) Consumer data
#rowspan# Utah Code § 13-44-202 Data breach notifications
#rowspan# Utah Code § 13-44-201(1)(b) Data disposal
Vermont NRS § 603A.300 Consumer data
Virginia Va. Code §§ 18.2-186.6. Data breach notifications
#rowspan# Va. Code § 59.1-442 Information sharing
Washington Wash. Rev. Code §§ 19.255.010 Data breach notifications
#rowspan# Wash. Rev. Code §§ 19.215.030 Data disposal
West Virginia W.V. Code §§ 46A-2A-101 Data breach notifications
Wisconsin Wis. Stat. § 134.98 Data breach notifications
#rowspan# Wis. Stat. § 134.97 Data disposal
Wyoming Wyo. Stat. §§ 40-12-501 et seq. Data breach notification
District of Columbia D.C. Code §§ 28-3851 et seq. Data breach notification
Puerto Rico 10 L.P.R.A. § 4051 Consumer data and data breach notification
Quick Tips to Protect Data at Home
Possible security breaches and companies collecting your information are only one facet of data safety. Your data is also susceptible to being stolen or compromised by hackers. Thankfully, there are a number of things you can do at home to combat them. You don't need advanced tech skills or world-class equipment; these are things you can do on your home computer.
Installing security software on your computer is one of the first steps you should take. Security software keeps your computer healthy and your information safe from attacks or computer viruses. Make sure you stay up to date with any and all updates of your software. It's easy to close out the persistent pop-up box that reminds you to update, but don't ignore it! Security software is especially important if you are regularly connected to public WiFi networks. While most in-home routers are encrypted, there is no way to know if the internet you are connecting to is safe.
Using the same password for everything leaves you vulnerable to potentially giving someone access to all of your information. But remembering a gaggle of passwords is no easy feat. Using a password manager is an easy way to ease the burden. Password managers are designed to generate long and complicated passwords that are less likely to be compromised. Your passwords are encrypted and can only be accessed through the master password you create. Depending on the password manager, it may offer an automatic fill feature that kicks in when you go to a page you have a saved password for.
Backup your data
In the event that your information is lost, compromised or stolen, backing up your data is a way to make sure all of your hard work and cherished memories are not lost. When you back up your data, you're making a copy that is not stored on your computer. Whether you use a local storage option or the cloud, the point is to make your files unavailable to anyone else except you.
Data encryption is an essential way to keep your personal information safe. It works by taking readable text from an email or document and scrambling it into an unreadable cipher text. Encrypting your data will secure it not only on your computer, but also when it is transmitted over the internet. For the information to revert back to its original form, both the sender and recipient have to have the encryption key.
What to do After a Data Breach
So you've heard on the news or received an email that there has been a breach and your data may have been affected. A security breach does not automatically mean someone is going to steal your identity. Before you panic, use these steps to help you through the process.
1. Confirm if you were affected by the security breach
Beware of scammers attempting to coax more information out of you with fake emails. If you receive an email that a breach has occurred, contact the company directly to confirm. Do not reply to the email.
2. Find out what information was compromised
What you do after a security breach may vary slightly depending on the type of company that was breached. You should tailor your response to the circumstances and to what information was stolen. If you find that you are the victim of the security breach, don't pass up the company's offer to help.
3. Change your passwords
The next important step to take is to address your personal security. Update your login information and security questions for all of your sensitive accounts – not just the ones affected by the breach. Take this time to enact two-factor authentication into your login process to add another layer of security to your accounts.
4. Contact a credit reporting bureau to report
To make sure you aren't the victim of identity theft, call any of the major credit reporting bureaus and have them file a fraud alert on your name. This alert makes it harder for someone to open new accounts under your name and lasts for one year. Additionally, you may also consider putting a credit freeze on your report, which will restrict access to your credit report. Bear in mind this will require you to manually lock and unlock your credit report when filing for new lines of credit, like a rewards card or a house.
5. Monitor all accounts closely
Finally, after you've changed your passwords and placed a fraud alert in your name, the last thing to do is closely monitor your account for any suspicious activity. A fraud alert and credit freeze will make it harder for thieves to open new accounts, though it does not guarantee safety to the accounts they may already have access to.
Knowing your data is being collected is one thing, knowing your rights and what power you have is another thing entirely. Check out these resources to make sure you're as prepared as possible.
Data Protection Guide
Identity Theft Resource Center
Data Breach Information Center
Guide to Privacy Resources
This guide originally appeared in Reviews.com. Photo by Andras Vas on Unsplash.
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Q: How to delete a particular instance of FileSystemWatcher object I have a windows application which uses FileSystemWatcher to monitor the change of files. Multiple file locations can be added and for each location a new instance of FileSystemWatcher is created and the location is added to a listbox. There is an option to delete a location from the listbox. I need to delete/dispose the particular instance of FileSystemWatcher when a location is deleted. Is there any way to attain this? Thanks in advance.
FileSystemWatcher fsw;

    private void CreateFWInstance(string strLoc)
    {
        if (strLoc != string.Empty)
        {
            fsw = new FileSystemWatcher();
            fsw.Changed += new FileSystemEventHandler(OnChanged);

            fsw.Path = strLoc;
            fsw.SynchronizingObject = this;

            fsw.EnableRaisingEvents = true;

        }
    }

A: Well you'll need to keep a reference to the instance, e.g. as the value in the list box entry, or perhaps a Dictionary<string, FileSystemWatcher> to map from path to watcher. Then just dispose of the watcher and remove it from the dictionary / remove the list item.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


With a deep and painful sigh Rebbe Nachman would say, "Woe! How can a few men stand up against the whole world?!" This very day, we see how Rebbe Nachman's..
You delivered the mighty into the hands of the weak, the masses into the hands of the few (The "Al HaNissim" prayer for Chanuka).
Contrary to the misguided notions of the uneducated and uninformed, Judaism is not a mere preservation of outdated traditions and nostalgia of yesteryear; it is as vibrant, relevant, and meaningful today as it was thousands of years ago. Chanukah is not just a child's celebration because the good army of the few righteous defeated the evil army of the masses some 2,200 years ago. The struggle of Chanukah continues to this very day.
The Hellenists were "benevolent" in that they didn't kill Jews unconditionally. If a Jew was willing to sacrifice his Judaism and bend to the winds of heresy, the Hellenists would accept him into their schools, their social circles, and their homes. Such assimilation was worse than a physical death; for assimilation and capitulation to the Hellenists meant death to the soul. Since the soul transcends time and space, its death is a much greater tragedy than physical death. After all, the body eventually disintegrates while the soul is eternal.
"A tremendous spirit of agnosticism is coming to the world. Agnosticism will come to the world as a test from on High. I know that my followers will be strong and remain firm in their faith without this warning, but I am revealing this to further encourage them. Let them know that this has already been predicted… "
With a deep and painful sigh Rebbe Nachman would say, "Woe! How can a few men stand up against the whole world?!"
This very day, we see how Rebbe Nachman's prediction came true. Hashem's faithful are few, and even in Israel, in the King's Palace, the non-believers appear to have the upper hand. Every day, we hear about new evil decrees against the Torah and those who cling to it. What can we possibly do to avoid being washed away by the flood of agnosticism? How does one combat the Hellenistic assimilationist spirit of the 21st Century?
Shmelke wasn't exactly the brightest person in the shtetel, to say the least. Yet, thanks to Hashem's unlimited compassion, even simple Shmelke managed to make a living from the milk of his three cows, which he'd deliver fresh every day – except Shabbat, of course – to his neighbors.
Yosef Grednik, in contrast to Shmelke, was the wealthiest person in the area. He owned the mill, the distillery, and the pickle factory. There wasn't a person within a hundred-mile radius that didn't bake with Grednik's flour, drink Grednik's vodka, or eat Grednik's pickles. Yet, with all his money, Yosef Grednik was niggardly resentful about parting with a single kopeck, much less a ruble.
The workers in Yosef's pickle factory made a mistake, having added too much vinegar to a twenty-barrel batch of pickles. The pickles became so sour that the fumes from the brine could kill any fly that came too close to the barrel. Yosef knew that the pickles were inedible and unmarketable. He fumed – until he came up with a scheme to rid himself of the pickles and make some money at the same time.
He ordered his workers to dispose of the sour brine, wash off the pickles, and then put them in baskets. He then sold them as low-cost fodder for gullible Shmelke's three cows.
Shmelke was happy to buy such "high-grade" fodder for his cows at such a cheap price. The cows welcomed sour pickles as a palatable break from their normal repast of straw and hay. They ate the pickles with the same enthusiasm that they would eat fresh corn.
Within a day or two, people began to complain. "Shmelke, your milk is sour!" Shmelke couldn't understand; every day, he'd distribute the milk within hours of milking. There was nothing fresher in all of Transylvania. The customers wanted their money back. Shmelke refused. Finally, the plaintiffs demanded a hearing in the rabbi's study.
The wise elderly sage heard both sides. He directed his first question at Shmelke: "Have you fed the cows anything different lately?" he asked. Shmelke nodded in the affirmative, and told the rabbi about the "cucumbers" he bought from Yosef Grednik. The rabbi didn't need to hear any more. He knew that Shmelke was the innocent victim of Grednik's greed and treachery. He explained to the simple milkman how sour fodder leads to sour milk. Then, he summoned Yosef Grednik and demanded that the latter reimburse poor Shmelke and his customers. Yet, nobody reimbursed the poor cows for their stomach ache, which lasted for another week!
Unsuspecting Shmelke is symbolic of the Jew; Shmelke's three cows represent nefesh, ruach, and neshoma, the three parts of the Jewish soul. Sour pickles are the agnostic media and the foreign ideologies that ruin the "produce" of a Jew, his emuna, Torah, and mitzvot, which the milk symbolizes. Grednik is the evil inclination that tries to "sour" a Jew, and to reduce him or her from the lofty levels of pure and simple faith – spiritually above the stars - to the depths of agnosticism.
Since the beginning of time, the Greeks, Hellenists, and enemies of emuna have been the overwhelming majority. Chanuka is the celebration that the pure oil with the seal of the High Priest – a national symbol of pure Torah ideology – is never fully contaminated by our enemies. Even though the faithful to the Torah are the few, they nonetheless weather the trials of the generations and the persecutions of the masses, by having implemented the "secret of survival" - the strengthening of emuna - as Rebbe Nachman has revealed to us. Rebbe Nachman promised that these precious few will be the ones privileged to merit the greeting of Moshiach in a rebuilt Jerusalem, speedily and in our time. Amen.


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You Mix That Negro with That Creole Make Beyoncé's Truth
Fewer times in my life have I been so obsessed with a celebrity, and to be sure, it's not that I am obsessed with Beyoncé, but rather the attacks on her since she released "Formation."
I fully expect comments like this one from Fox News's Lou Dobbs: "Beyoncé's nostalgic glorification of Malcolm X and Black Panther militant thuggery was too much ... for most viewers and utterly out of place."
After all he's a White man in his White world where "most viewers" to him means most misinformed viewers. However, the militant "thugs" Dobbs refers to is the highly organized group who:
At their peak had 45 chapters
Boasted a membership of 5,000
Served breakfast to some 10,000 kids before school
The FBI, working with local police, either murdered (many in their sleep) or jailed on trumped up bullshit charges nearly all prominent members
If these were just a band of thugs, as Dobbs contends, why did J. Edgar Hoover, former president of the FBI, see The Black Panther Party as: "...without question, represents the greatest threat to internal security of the country"?
(I go into more about The Black Panther Party in the book I co-authored with Bryony Sutherland, called Being Biracial: Where Our Secret Worlds Collide, as my earliest memories are of the influence a Party member had on me. The Black Panthers were not a group of thugs. To quote founding members Huey Newton and Bobby Seal, The Black Panther Party were "a party whose agenda was the revolutionary establishment of real economic, social, and political equality across gender and color lines.")
But what kills me is the discourse that's occurring among non-Whites (namely within the Black community).
The first thing I read this morning was a blog on the online publication Color Lines. In it are the thoughts of Dr. Yaba Blay who describes herself as a dark-skinned, New Orleans-bred scholar who researches skin color and identity politics. I don't say this flippantly. Dr. Blay is a highly respected scholar and expert on race and politics. I actually hold her in the highest esteem, but I also disagree with her position on this.
It's hard enough to read lies, half-truths and misinformation by racists like Lou Dobbs, but when people in the Black community see this as yet another reason to create a divide rather than join together, I have to speak up.
Dr. Blay takes exception to Beyoncé's reference to herself as being a Texas Bamma, the result of mixing a Negro (her father) with a Creole (her mother). Blay cites the hurt she felt being a dark complected Black women living in New Orleans who continually was discriminated against—not just by Whites but by light complected Black people and in particular, Creoles. And that hurt is real. I am not making light of it, but I do believe it colored her perspective.
Thankfully most people who left comments saw through her personalization and said so. Expressed one woman, "...People are projecting too many of their own issues onto this thing that is a piece of entertainment, not a manifesto. Looking at the screen shot of the three children, nothing indicates that the darker girls are dressed as old ladies hiding from the sun. Nor is this message communicated in the second screen shot where both Bey and the darkest-hued sister have on long sleeves. So I call foul on the color politics argument. Also, I find it a shame that a cultural scholar would try to police a multicultural person's right to inclusive self identification."
Unfortunately many didn't. This one sums it up for me, "This is not something I noticed—and frankly, I'm not sure it's something I would have come to notice if it weren't pointed out to me. Now that you mention it, though, it seems so ... intentional."
There's a deeper message in that comment. She's saying, "I was fine taking the video at face value, until you planted in my brain otherwise.. and now I am angry, too."
Not cool, people!
My position is this: While Beyoncé may have brought up old hurts among New Orleanians and many darker complected Black people, I do think her ultimate message was one of inclusiveness and being one with her darker complected brothers sisters.
I live on an island not unlike New Orleans in the respect that Puerto Ricans are a mixture of west African (slaves), Taino (indigenous) and White (Spanish who originally colonized the island before the US, which still does).
There are people here who are decidedly in two camps:
Those who vehemently reject the notion they are part Black, despite being darker than I am and straightening their hair
Those who proudly identify as equal parts of all three
The first camp I reject out of hand and refuse to talk to. They're closed-minded and go in for self-hatred, which they'll eventually visit on others and me.
The second camp are like me; they're like my husband (who's much darker than I am) and they're like all of us who are the descendants of slaves: mixed, thanks to miscegenation. That my parents and grandparents (my dad was White and my mother was Black and Japanese) took it a step further by mixing it up is a different story. I'm talking before that. Before that, my husband's and my Black sides are the same.
I think Beyoncé is, yes, distinguishing herself, which is fine: she is who she is, but then she's standing tall with her sisters and brothers. And in looking further at the stanza that has Dr. Blay upset: "My daddy Alabama, Momma Louisiana. You mix that Negro with that Creole make a Texas Mama" all she's doing is self-identifying, which has become my anthem of late, we all have the right to do.
Let's not forget that Beyoncé's chosen to marry a Black man and Jay Z ain't exactly a Black man who denies who he is: he's out and he's proud. Say what you want about him or his music, but he's not shying away from those conversations. If Beyoncé truly wanted to distance herself from her Blackness, she picked the wrong man to marry to try that crap.
Beyoncé chose him. She wasn't coerced or naive. She not only chose him but she chose to have a baby with him and not relax her baby's hair (much to the criticisms of many).
She may have invoked her creole early on in the video by saying this is who she comes from, but she sets it up from the jump when she says, "you mix that negro with that creole..."
She's slamming the establishment of both today and during slave times, by pointing out the self-hatred among them and the obvious, "I'm better than you because I am lighter with 'good hair'," among all light complected Black folks who deny they have the same roots as their darker complected brothers and sisters. So much so that she ties it together nicely several times throughout. I am baffled that people keep missing this, the shout out to the Black Panther Party, Malcolm X, the Black Lives Matter movement and Katrina all the while she's calling out the continued cop on Black killings taking place.
But then again, people see what they want to see and are routinely blinded by their truth. I'm no different and I appreciate it when people call me out on it.
Was Blue Ivy being sassy in the video? Was she as well? Yes, she reminds us who she is: a descendant of folks who think of themselves as better ... but she has a transformation in the house and brings them all into her world and is now dancing with them.
Darker complected Black slaves weren't allowed in the house, don't forget! She brought them in and that's when she makes the switch and aligns with them.
Like I say in my first blog about Beyoncé's "Formation," folks be looking at this video and listening to the lyrics and either not getting the obvious connection or they're seeing the two through the narrow lenses of their own truths.
This isn't the truth of Dr. Blay, yours or mine. This is Beyoncé's truth. And while I get that it "triggered" feelings of rejection and anger, that's not the point of "Formation" and it's not Beyoncé's truth.
And maybe I get it because as the only one of my parents' kids who "passes" and who could easily get away with saying I'm White, I not only never once have, I have fought to see life through the eyes of the weary, tired, abused, angry and let's not forget, proud Black person ... and I married one.
Lastly, I'd just like to point out that I am tired of the divisiveness within the Black community. In the same way darker complected Blacks feel light complected Blacks and Biracial people look down on them, feel superior to them and don't get them, the reverse happens where light complected Blacks and Biracial people don't feel the love and acceptance because we're not fully of them. That neither / nor thing for Biracial people and "you ain't really Black" for both light complected Blacks and Biracial people.
I don't imagine Beyoncé and / or her video are going to magically make racism disappear. I think we need to get out of our comfort zones and talk. We all have past hurts that need to be acknowledged. They don't need to be the source of divisiveness between us, however.
Black Panther Party poster photo credit: commons.wikimedia.org
Featured image photo credit: Instagram
Blog, Race and Gender Advocacy
Sarah Ratliff
Beyoncé's Formation, Bobby Seale, Color Lines blog, Creole, Dr. Yaba Blay, Huey Newton, J. Edgar Hoover, Lou Dobbs, Momma Louisiana. You mix that Negro with that Creole make a Texas Mama, My daddy Alabama, Racist Lou Dobbs, The Black Panther Party, The FBI
Written by Sarah Ratliff
After spending over twenty years in corporate America in various professional roles, Sarah and her husband quit their jobs, moved to Puerto Rico and bought an organic farm.
View all posts by: Sarah Ratliff

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Razor pages linter is not working on VsCode .NET 6 C# extension when i open vscode Razor pages i get this error
The Razor Language Server server crashed 5 times in the last 3 minutes. The server will not be restarted.
Razor.VSCode version 6.0.0-preview.5.21358.6

Razor's trace level is currently set to 'Off'

*

*To change Razor's trace level set 'razor.trace' to 'Off', 'Messages'
or 'Verbose' and then restart VSCode.

*To report issues invoke the'Report a Razor issue' command via the
command palette.

here is the logs output

Cannot get required symbol EVP_MD_size from libssl
[Info - 2:39:23 AM] Connection to server got closed. Server will restart.
[Error - 2:39:23 AM] Request textDocument/codeAction failed.
Error: Connection got disposed.
at Object.dispose (/home/muchirajunior/.vscode/extensions/ms-dotnettools.csharp-1.25.0-linux-x64/dist/extension.js:2:994214)
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Amazon quietly kicked off its regional Amazon Ride pilot shuttle program Monday to bring commuters from the suburbs to its Seattle campus.
The online retail giant debuted the shuttle service with little fanfare — there was no event or announcement. Instead, buses quietly began showing up on Monday morning at the company's Brazil Building at Ninth and Republican in the South Lake Union neighborhood and at the new Doppler Building in the Denny Triangle.
Fitting with the under-the-radar pilot status of the program, and unlike the highly visible Microsoft Connector shuttles, Amazon's buses are not decked out with company branding. The nondescript shuttles sport an all white exterior and tinted windows. The only visible logo on the bus was that of MV Transportation, which is based in Dallas and also operates the Microsoft Connector, meaning that company may be contracting with Amazon on the commuter bus project.
The buses are big, resembling charters, with what appeared to be capacity for more than 60 passengers. Most buses observed by GeekWire had at least a few people exit at the Brazil building, and some had as many as 15 or 20 people disembarking.
The company declined to answer our follow up questions about the popularity of the service so far and whether it will expand to more pickup locations. But the website gives a hint that more locations are on the way. So far, there are three active pickup spots in the Eastside suburbs of Bellevue, Issaquah and Redmond. Two more stops — one in Kirkland and one in Bothell — are listed on the website but do not yet have pickup or dropoff times.
At least several hundred workers will use the service to get home tonight. As of about 10 a.m. Monday morning, more than 500 people had signed up for rides. More than half — 278 people — signed up for the Issaquah route, which picks up once every 20 or 30 minutes between 4:45 p.m. and 6:45 p.m. with a final "sweeper" ride at 7:42 p.m. It has the most frequent services of the three routes, with buses to Bellevue running approximately every hour and routes to Redmond departing every 35 minutes or so. Amazon Ride's schedule lists travel times for the three routes of about 30 to 35 minutes.
All full-time and part-time employees, as well as their dogs, are eligible for Amazon Ride, according to the site. Employees will be able to reserve seats up to two weeks in advance via an app that came online last week. For employees who need to work late or experience a sudden emergency, the service includes "Guaranteed Ride Home" coverage, up to five times per year.
The schedule for Amazon Ride buses from Bellevue to Amazon's Seattle campus.
Amazon Ride joins the bevy of commuting options Amazon employees use to get to work. GeekWire saw many workers trudging to the office on foot, while others waited in lines of cars to pull into parking garages. Many came in on packed King County Metro Transit buses and a few used the South Lake Union Streetcar. People took Uber and other ride-hailing services. Others arrived on scooters — both manual and electric.
Also spotted: the SLU Shuttle, which has numerous stops around the Amazon campus, ferrying employees to and from downtown and other surrounding neighborhoods. But that service does not cross Lake Washington. We even saw a few Microsoft Connector buses running through the neighborhood.
As it grew, Amazon decided to plant its flag in the middle of Seattle, rather than move out to the suburbs like fellow tech giants have. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos has called Amazon's decision to develop its campus inside the city, an environmentally-friendly approach and "a very attractive feature for some of our employees" who want to live in the urban core. The company's presence here has been a major driver in the development of the South Lake Union into one of the top tech hubs in the U.S., with thousands of apartments being built there every year.
But much of the top tech talent still commutes from out of town. According to a recent Zillow study, 53.4 percent of tech employees working in South Lake Union live outside of Seattle proper. As tech giants like Amazon, Microsoft and others bring more people to the region, traffic has snarled as a result.
The commuter shuttle systems are one of several ways private and public organizations are working to unclog the region's freeways and streets. Amazon, Microsoft, Expedia and others have donated to the campaign in favor of the Sound Transit 3 light rail expansion, which would bring 62 new miles of light rail to the region over the next 25 years.


text:
Samuel R Nussbaum
Dr. Samuel Nussbaum is executive vice president, clinical health policy and chief medical officer for WellPoint, Inc. He oversees corporate medical...
Dr. Samuel Nussbaum is executive vice president, clinical health policy and chief medical officer for WellPoint, Inc. He oversees corporate medical policy, clinical pharmacy programs, health improvement and quality resources, programs in clinical excellence, and health information technology to optimize care for members. His principal responsibilities include: serving as chief spokesperson and policy advocate on medical issues, guiding the corporate vision regarding quality of care and its measurements, leading efforts to assess cost of care performance and developing a strategy to foster further collaboration with physicians and hospitals to strengthen and improve patient care. Dr. Nussbaum also has responsibility for HealthCore, WellPoint's clinical outcomes research subsidiary.
Dr. Nussbaum has served as president of the Disease Management Association of America, Chairman of the National Committee for Quality Health Care, as Chair of America's Health Insurance Plan's (AHIP) Chief Medical Officer Leadership Council and as a member of the AHIP Board, and currently serves on the National Quality Forum (NQF) Board. He received the 2004 Physician Executive Award of Excellence from the American College of Physician Executives and Modern Physician magazine. Dr. Nussbaum is professor of clinical medicine at Washington University School of Medicine and serves as adjunct professor at the Olin School of Business, Washington University.
Dr. Nussbaum served as executive vice president, Medical Affairs and System Integration, of the BJC Health System and President of its medical group.
Dr. Nussbaum earned his medical degree from Mount Sinai School of Medicine. He trained in internal medicine at Stanford and Massachusetts General Hospital and in endocrinology and metabolism at Harvard and Massachusetts General Hospital, where he directed the Endocrine Clinical Group. His clinical and basic research has led to new therapies to treat skeletal disorders and new technologies to measure hormones in blood.
Anthem Health insurance provider; the largest U.S. health insurer by membership
• Executive Vice President (Chief Medical Officer)
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
• MD
Donation/Grant Recipients
Showing 1-10 of 27 :: see all
Democratic National Committee governing body for the U.S. Democratic Party
• 10 contributions · 4,750 USD ('92→'06)
Russ Carnahan US Representative from Missouri
• 4 contributions · 4,000 USD ('10→'12)
Health Care Leadership Committee
Joe Donnelly US Senator and Representative from Indiana
• 3 contributions · 3,000 USD ('12)
Evan Bayh Democratic US Senator from Indiana
Dick Gephardt US Representative from Missouri
Mel Eugene Carnahan Former Governor of Missouri
Claire McCaskill NBC/MSNBC contributor, former US Senator from Missouri
Emanuel Pleitez Former Goldman Sachs Analyst; candidate for Mayor of Los Angeles in 2013
Julia May Carson US Representative from Indiana


El Best Western Dammam se encuentra en el centro de Dammam. Venga y disfrute de las mejores atracciónes turísticas cerca de nuestro hotel. Precios bajos garantizados y ofertas exclusivas.
El Best Western® Dammam es la opción de alojamiento perfecta para aquellos viajeros que deseen disfrutar de la mejor ubicación con una excelente relación calidad-precio. Con una céntrica ubicación en el distrito Al Shati de Dammam, la capital de la provincia oriental de Arabia Saudita, este moderno hotel de gama media complementa su estratégica ubicación con un relajado entorno y unas tarifas muy asequibles. Además, con un fácil acceso al distrito central de negocios, la compañía petrolífera ARAMCO y una gran variedad de centros comerciales, así como a 20 kilómetros del aeropuerto internacional Rey Fahd, el Best Western® Dammam goza de la ubicación perfecta para viajes de placer y de negocios. Nuestras 64 habitaciones y suites ofrecen todo tipo de modernas comodidades, incluyendo televisores con pantalla plana y acceso gratuito a Internet Wi-Fi, al tiempo que los huéspedes también podrán disfrutar de los mejores platos orientales e internacionales elaborados por nuestro chef profesional en un relajante ambiente familiar. Nuestro personal altamente profesional está a su entera disposición para proporcionarle toda la ayuda que pueda necesitar o resolver todas sus dudas para que pueda disfrutar de una estancia inolvidable. Para sus viajes a Dammam, el Best Western® Dammam le ofrece la mejor opción de alojamiento.
A terrible experience, after a long travel from Riyadh in the morning and after many meeting i reached hotel at night. Before going out for a dinner wanted to have a shower, but for my surprise there is no toiletries available in bath room. Called housekeeping to get some, but the guy on the other side of the line informed me that they dont have any except for the soap.Next day, when i come back to room in evening i found nobody take care of the room, neither they cleaned nor they changed any sheets. Decided not to think of this hotel in my next stay.
"The worst hotel experience ever"
It was the worst hotel stay in my whole life. Despite the good location of the hotel, everything else was a disaster. The staff working there were completely non professional and apparently have zero experience and knowledge in the field of hotel business. They were non cooperative and not even interested to help. Starting from the check in when the receptionist failed to get my booking from the website and had to make another one what took very long time and the help from another senior person. Then he insisted that I should pay immediately although I told him no body asked me before to be at the check in, instead I always pay at the check out time. Again he failed to process the payment from the Visa card and called me later to come down and pay by the ATM card. Later another person was in the reception and he found my online booking and he immediately used the Visa card in the booking to get the penalty of one night payment as if I did not show up. In the morning there was lady at the reception who behaved in a very strange and disrespectful way. I was talking to her to explain the problem and she was avoiding eye contact and talking in a very low voice tone with disinterest in me and my problem. The only thing I got from her that she will raise the issue to the administration. That evening another guy was there and he was denying any knowledge about my problem but after long discussion he admitted that his colleague endorsed it to him but nothing can be done that time. He asked me to right down my Iban and mobile numbers so that next day they will refund the money. I waited one week without any contact from them so I went back to the hotel and that lady was there with the same odd behavior and she tried to get rid of me by saying that the whole issue is with the administration in Golden Tulip( apparently belongs to the same owner). Finally she called them through the phone and after very weird conversation the guy on the other side talked to me and he said we are waiting for the employee who if the mistake to come and solve the problem!!!!!!! I shouted at him at that point because he was turning it into personal issue instead of taking the responsibility as any professional should do. I told him this is not my problem and they should refund the money and do whatever they want with their employee. To make it short, it took me big effort and time to get the refund of my payment. Other issues regarding the hotel was the service, they didn't provide us a bottle of water that we requested for 2 days and no one cleaned the room during our whole stay there. My advice to everyone, don't go there and warn anyone not to go there.
From my last visit, I have noticed some changes by breakfast being offered for around 53SR, with a basic buffet theme. Apartment rooms were very spacious and clean, however the towels are very rigid and old.
I stayed at this hotel for one night .. The room rate was very reasonable, the staff were very friendly and the room was clean. The hotel has a great location, it is near the sea and there are some restaurants nearby (iHop and some other restaurants). I would definitly recommend this hotel.
Booked and stayed for a month here. The early several days was less satisfactory experience. The hotel reception did not ask or initiate to recommend a better room to stay at least for a month stay guest. The room provided has no windows and was smaller than the rest of the rooms I stayed later. The same with the room services, they wont serve the complimentary water and coffee/ tea if you wont call and inform their reception on daily basis. The food served is so far so good, there was no chef during the breakfast hours. Limited amenities but their few staffs are kind people.
I booked this hotel two times on december and January for 3 nights I was surprised by the level of service I received from the stuff specially Mr. Mohamad Abdul Monem at the reception he was very. Small breakfast but good one. The gym still closed. Clean rooms, nice shower. This hotel is much better than many hotel I stayed in dammam.
Stayed few hours for the night and I got the deserved rest and comfort needed. Check-in was smooth and quick with a warm welcome, room was immaculate and clean whilst being spacious for one guest. Wish they'd offer breakfast as part of their package.
Just sleeping in Dammam before gong to al Ahsa from Airport, then I chose this hotel. Need more friendly front office. The room is averagein the 3r floor. The room is just average best western hotel everywhere.
I had to travel to Dammam for a one day business trip. I had little time to look for a hotel for a one night stay. Best Western is a 3 star hotel but a type of furnished apartments. They serve only breakfast and when I requested room service I was told they do not have it, they are working on getting their 4th star to do so ( I do not see why). Anyways, I had no choice but to eat outside and that is the problem. I had to walk for nearly 15 minutes to find the nearest eating outlet, Hardees & KFC !!! wow ... The room was Ok, the bathroom in tiny, the selection of TV channels is limited, breakfast was very basic. I am not sure if I would stay there again. Having said that, the staff is very friendly especially Mr. Fahim who was very helpful.
took a good 20 odd minuted to figure out the location. After a tiring business day, reached an 11.30 pm and they couldn't figure out the booking details. Waited from half an hour and since we were from same country possibly, gave us upgrade without even figuring out the booking. Didn't matter though as we checked out early morning. Breakfast - nothing worth mentioning. Guess the price was relatively cheap and probably had to put with the service.
I booked this hotel through booking. I stay in this hotel for five days, it is very quite and good placed hotel, with out noise and close to the sea. Staff is friendly and cooperative. It has only one meal "the breakfast", it's very good and standard.
Excellent and premier location of Dammam Cornish, Hotel is nice in calm and quiet area away from city crowd. Staff is friendly and cooperative. Close to Shati Mall and other shopping stores like city max emax jarir and redtag. Biggest attraction is sea front.
I stay in this hotel for five days, is very quite and good placed hotel, with out noise and close to the sea. The personnel are very friendly and smiling. The food and special the breakfast also is very good like european standards.


text:
Flag Hangover
By DubDee,
November 16, 2021 in Melbourne Demons
Rivers Run Red
We got one thing over all 3 of those sides, a decent defence. Having a gun midfield and an ability to attack can get you a flag. Having a great defence keep you in the mix for longer periods.
Bring-Back-Powell
14 hours ago, RedLegs23 said:
The determination to win a flag on the G in front of our faithful will be the drive for the boys no doubt
🔴🔵
Hopefully you're right.
Richmond dedicated 2021 to winning the flag for its VIC members that missed out on attending the 2020 GF in Brisbane - and look how that turned out (admittedly they'd already won 2 flags at the G in 2017 and 19).
I know it's only a 1 per center but I reckon the fact the the group had to end its partying in Perth by the Wednesday after the GF (as half of them returned to locked down Melbourne) may end being a good thing down the track. They could've been excused for partying for a solid month and then return to the club with an extra player's worth of skinfold across the playing group, like Hawthorn did in 2008 into 2009.
I'm hoping there's some unfinished business with this group and they can snag another flag in either in 2022 or 2023.
deelusions from afar
13 hours ago, DeeZone said:
I have read everyone's posts and believe that as a team we reached another gear during the finals and I also believe that it was no accident but the culmination of a well thought out plan. Our improvement is based on elite fitness, team first behaviour and having a great group of players that trust each other and their coaches. We could be on the brink of something very special as in 1939-1941 or even 1955 - 1964, we witnessed something this year that none of us has seen before and barring unforeseen circumstances we have the talent and the depth to carve out our third dynasty.
I agree with what you've said here - I guess it is interesting to see whether we can back up the elite fitness and team first behaviour. Will the desire be there to push ourselves just as hard when we no longer have a point to prove? Can everyone keep going with the team first behaviour when those doing the hard running, the defensive efforts etc are not getting the plaudits etc. They seem to be on top of this... but I guess we won't know for sure until well into next season.
Given what we did in the finals, and esp rd 23, it will be interesting to see how much of a psychological edge we have over other teams. For years we've played against great sides - we might play out of skin and be in front late in the third quarter only to be beaten by superior fitness, clutch goals, whole team efforts from sides that barely got out of second gear for most of the game. Will we do that to other sides next year?
What we saw in the finals this year was a team that played as if it was a single cohesive organism - watch how Tracca and Clarrie just knew instinctively where to run to receive. It reminds me of the catties in their good years when all players knew when and where to go.
With team stability this should only get better and will enhance our team's performances. Other teams still have a long way to go to catch up. It gives us a decisive advantage.
So long as we stay fit and united, we have all that is necessary for continued success. One year at a time.
Go Dees
Skuit
Location:Cambodge
Favourite Player(s):Allen Jakovich, Mitch Clark, Liam Jurrah
The confusing thing I think in assessing our future prospects is that while we were mostly unbeatable throughout the year (built on a defensive bedrock) despite never really looking dominant and being shaky at times, our last three and a half games were of another calibre. Was that the next gear up in the MFC revolution, which could fuel us to the next flag?
Fifteen minutes after May limped of with a hammy I was okay with whatever might come to pass. He and Lever are undoubtedly key, but I think the boys learned a lesson about their own capabilities in the final few games of the year, which will hopefully set us apart from other genuine hangovers. Effectively, we have a shiny new toy to play with and I expect the team is eager to test it out.
The keyest fact is that we have three of the top five or ten players in the league, and they're all crammed into our midfield. There are stars on every line for sure, but I think due to the disbenefit of proximity we can't fully realise how monumental the pairing of Trac and Clarry will turn out to be, and I get no sense of a lack of hunger from either of those guys or Goodwin and Gawn.
TLDR: We were pretty good last year but not dominant - until the last few matches. That newfound level I believe will push us past any conception of a premiership hangover. We've always had the list, but now they know they can flex their muscle.
leave it to deever
Location:Bulli
Interests:Opera Wine Snowfields Film
Favourite Player(s):Kozzie, Gawn, Trac, ...all the premier players
Paid attention to Tom Sparrow last time I watched the replay. Had a ripper game. So too Rivers,
On 11/16/2021 at 2:13 PM, DubDee said:
I know we are filled with confidence at the moment and perhaps wondering how many more flags our team will deliver in the next few years. I am curious however, as to how the team will cope with the expectation, pressure and hunger issues now that the curse has been lifted. We will of course face some adversity like key injuries, downturns in form, however our list is in excellent nick and all the pieces seem to be there. It is difficult to predict, we missed finals the last 2 years, yet we seemed unbeatable in finals this year. I looked to some recent examples of teams struggling to back it up to see if there are any parallels.
1. Hawthorn Won flag in 2008, missed finals in 2009 and came 7th 2010. People say they were too young and that is correct to a degree. They did have Mitchell 26, Hodge and Sewell 24, etc. They needed more talent and more years in Buddy, Roughy etc. However I dont think anyone would have predicted they would miss finals and scrape in the next year after their flag. Hawks finished 5th in 2007 and 2nd in 2008 so their trajectory was on the up.
2. Collingwood won in 2010 (GF in 2011, then declined) - obviously not a hangover as such but worth a look as they were talked about as having the best young list in years and we all wondered how many flags would they get out of their list (similar to us now?). Luckily Buckley came in and took care of the rest.
3. Bulldogs flag in 2016 - missed finals next 2 years, didn't win a final again until 2021. A bit like the Hawks were a young side but the next 4 years people would not have predicted. I reckon they are the best example of a hangover and we need to avoid this obviously.
There are examples of successful eras obviously so let's hope you track like the Tigers. I would not be surprised if we have a few shaky moments early in 2022 and lose a few early games. Hopefully us supporters don't lose our heads, we will settle and do well I think.
The priority for us over the offseason should be the players mentality. Have a break, enjoy it. Then come back and train even harder than before. If our mindset slips even a little we will fall hard. This is easier said than done as a release of pressure/intensity is completely normal and unavoidable after a drought break. You need to acknowledge it and deal with it.
Anyone think we are a chance of a flag hangover, however big or small?
Doubt it. Not saying back to back is impossible but we only lost 4 games this year. Most of those teams weren't as dominant as we were.
Having said that it's REALLY important we have a good season next year. No doubt we're going to attract a lot of new members and we want them to get value for their money


text:
News Release 3-Sep-2019
Hardship during the Great Recession linked with lasting mental health declines
People who suffered a financial, housing-related, or job-related hardship as a result of the Great Recession were more likely to show increases in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and problematic drug use, research shows. The research findings, published in Clinical Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, reveal declines in mental health that were still evident several years after the official end of the recession, but were obscured when examining trends in population-level data (e.g., the number of people overall with each mental health outcome).
"Our study provides a new perspective on the impact of The Great Recession, showing that population-level analyses likely miss important patterns in the data," says lead researcher Miriam K. Forbes, who began the research at the University of Minnesota and now works at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia. "By looking at individuals' mental health and experiences of the recession, we could see a different picture."
"Individuals who experienced even a single recession impact still had higher odds of nearly all of the adverse mental health outcomes we examined - including clinically significant symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, panic, and problems with drug use - three years after the recession," Forbes explains. "And these odds were higher still in specific sociodemographic groups who suffered marked losses during the recession or without a strong safety net."
Forbes and University of Minnesota colleague Robert F. Krueger examined data collected as part of the longitudinal Midlife in the United States study of adults aged 25 to 75. To investigate the impacts of the Great Recession, which officially lasted from December 2007 to June 2009, the researchers focused on data collected in the 2003-2004 wave, three years before the recession began, and the 2012-2013 wave, three years after the recession ended.
Forbes and Krueger examined participants' symptoms of depression, anxiety, and panic disorder and their symptoms of problematic alcohol and drug use. In the 2012-2013 wave, participants also reported whether they had experienced a variety of recession-related impacts, including financial impacts (e.g., missed mortgage or credit card payments, declared bankruptcy), job-related impacts (e.g, took on an additional job, lost a job), and housing impacts (e.g., moved in with family/friends, threatened with foreclosure).
As observed in previous studies, the prevalence of each mental-health outcome in the full sample remained stable or decreased slightly from 2003-2004 to 2012-2013. But when the researchers looked at mental-health outcomes in relation to the hardships individuals experienced as a result of the Great Recession, the analyses told a different story. Specifically, each hardship experienced was associated with an increased likelihood of having symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, panic, or problems with drug use. This pattern held even when Forbes and Krueger accounted for participants' previous symptoms and their sociodemographic characteristics.
The researchers also found that individuals who did not have a college education were more likely to show increased anxiety in relation to job-related hardships. And people not living with a spouse or partner were more likely to have problems with drug use associated with housing-related hardships. These associations may reflect the relative lack of safety net available to people in the job market who have fewer qualifications, or who rely on a single income.
The analyses also showed that people with greater financial advantage were particularly affected by some hardships. Compared with their less-advantaged peers, participants who were well off were more likely to have anxiety symptoms associated with housing-related hardships and were also more likely to have drug use problems associated with financial hardships. These associations may reflect that fact that experiences such as "moving in with friends or family to save money" or "selling possessions to make ends meet" likely signal a substantial loss of assets and a considerable level of hardship for people who were previously living comfortably.
The researchers note that the observational nature of the MIDUS data does not allow them to conclude that recession hardships caused an increase in participants' symptoms. However, the findings do reveal the limited perspective afforded by aggregate-level analyses - understanding people's actual lived experiences requires analyses that examine individual-level outcomes and changes over time.
The Great Recession of 2007 to 2009 resulted in huge losses to employment, earnings, assets, and income in the United States and this research shows that those losses were associated with lasting negative mental health outcomes for many individuals.
"These findings suggest the adverse effects of the Great Recession on individuals' mental health likely compounded and prolonged its economic costs, highlighting that government-funded mental health support following financial recessions may not only ease individuals' burdens, but could be a sound financial investment that may act to stimulate faster economic recovery following future recessions," says Forbes.
"These findings may be particularly pertinent given some indications that the next period of economic contraction might begin as early as 2020," she adds.
This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32-DA037183), the Australian Research Council (FL150100096), and a Macquarie University Research Fellowship.
All data have been made available via the Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research (2004-2006, 2013-2014). This article has received the badge for Open Data.
For more information about this study, please contact: Miriam K. Forbes at miri.forbes@mq.edu.au.
The article abstract is available online at https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2167702619859337
For a copy of the article "The Great Recession and Mental Health in the United States" and access to other Clinical Psychological Science research findings, please contact Scott Sleek at 202-293-9300 or ssleek@psychologicalscience.org.
Scott Sleek
ssleek@psychologicalscience.org
@PsychScience
http://www.psychologicalscience.org
Clinical Psychological Science
NIH/National Institute on Drug Abuse, Australian Research Council, Macquarie University Research Fellowship
DEPRESSION/ANGER
https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/great-recession-mental-health.html
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702619859337
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Turkey becomes main base of Pirelli's industrial tires unit
Emre Özpeynirci - ISTANBUL
AFP photo
Turkey has been named the base of Pirelli's Industrial Tires in the Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) region, with its operations in 128 countries to be run from Istanbul, the unit's EMEA CEO Murat Akyıldız has stated.
"With the relocation of our EMEA operations from Milan to Istanbul, the region's annual production operations, at around 2 million industrial tires produced by more than 3,000 employees, will be managed from Istanbul," Akyıldız said.
Pirelli's car tire operations will continue to be run from Milan.
"Turkey already takes the lion's share in the company's industrial tire sales, but the relocation of the main base to Istanbul will enable us to take strategic decisions from here, also creating significant career opportunities for Pirelli's Turkish employees," said Akyıldız.
The Pirelli Tires Factory, which is based in Turkey's industrial northwestern province of Kocaeli, already has the Pirelli Group's largest production facility in terms of both tonnage and output variety, he noted, adding that the factory has the annual production capacity of 7 million units of 675 different kinds of tires, including tires for Formula 1.
"Turkey already had a significant role in Pirelli's industrial tire production. From now on, we will work to boost this role further," Akyıldız added.
New investments planned
He also noted that it would now be necessary for the unit to make new investments to further boost capacity.
"For these planned investments, we are considering Turkey, Egypt and Romania. We have production plants with considerable capacity volumes. We are working on this plan," Akyıldız added.
The majority stake of Italy's Pirelli was sold to state-owned China National Chemical Corp (ChemChina) last year.
Akyıldız said the company's "international stance" strengthened following that deal.


Universal Works' founder Mr David Keyte likes to use his collections to reminisce about his younger years - his designs are inspired by blue-collar workwear he saw growing up in the Midlands, and later Nottingham's Northern soul scene. Perfect for in between seasons, this jacket is made from navy cotton-corduroy and fastens with horn-effect buttons. Shown here with Acne Studios jeans, Universal Works sweater, New Balance sneakers.


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Joyland è un romanzo thriller di Stephen King pubblicato nel 2013.

Il romanzo è ambientato in un Parco di divertimento negli Stati Uniti del 1973 e vede come protagonista un giovane ragazzo impegnato a risolvere il mistero del fantasma di una ragazza uccisa da un serial killer.

Storia editoriale

Il libro è stato citato per la prima volta durante un'intervista di Stephen King rilasciata a Neil Gaiman e pubblicata l'8 aprile 2012 per il giornale The Sunday Times. Il 30 maggio 2012 il libro è stato annunciato ufficialmente, mentre l'immagine di copertina è stata rivelata successivamente, il 20 settembre 2012 da Entertainment Weekly. Il libro è uscito il 4 giugno 2013 edito dalla Hard Case Crime per la quale l'autore aveva già scritto Colorado Kid nel 2005. Inizialmente è stato pubblicato soltanto in versione cartacea, con l'immagine di copertina realizzata da Robert McGinnis e Glen Orbik. La versione ebook è stata pubblicata in un secondo momento. In Italia è stato pubblicato il 4 giugno 2013 da Sperling & Kupfer.

Trama

Nell'estate del 1973 Devin Jones, uno studente universitario squattrinato, decide di accettare il lavoro nel parco giochi di Heaven's Bay nella Carolina del Nord: Joyland. Il giovane viene presto a conoscenza che nel parco anni prima era stata uccisa una ragazza, Linda Gray, e c'è chi afferma di averne visto il fantasma aggirarsi nel tunnel della paura. Devin ha da poco rotto con la sua fidanzata, Wendy Keegan, e si getta anima e corpo nel lavoro per dimenticare la delusione d'amore, stringendo forte amicizia con altri ragazzi che lavorano stagionalmente nel parco, l'estroverso Tom Kennedy e la sua ragazza, la stupenda e sveglia Erin Cook. Il ragazzo viene preso a benvolere dall'anziano proprietario del parco, il signor Easterbrook, e dai più anziani colleghi, grazie all'entusiasmo che mette nel lavoro e dal fatto di aver salvato una piccola visitatrice dal soffocamento.

Il ragazzo si interessa particolarmente alla storia del fantasma e, pur non avendolo mai visto personalmente, è impressionato dalle visioni avute dall'amico Tom e, fattosi assumere definitivamente nel parco giochi, inizia a investigare sull'omicidio. Grazie all'aiuto di Erin, Devin scopre che la ragazza uccisa è stata la quarta o quinta vittima di un serial killer che ha operato per molti anni nelle vicinanze di altri parchi giochi. Nel frattempo Devin ha superato il dolore della separazione dalla sua ex fidanzata e si avvicina a Annie e Mike Ross, una giovane madre e suo figlio di dieci anni, affetto dalla distrofia di Duchenne. Devin stringe amicizia con il ragazzino, il cui destino è purtroppo segnato dalla malattia e, grazie alle sue misteriose intuizioni, trova gli indizi necessari a risolvere il mistero della ragazza uccisa. La bellissima e dolce Anne, con passati burrascosi, avrà modo di far dimenticare a Devin le sue delusioni d'amore e a iniziarlo sessualmente.

L'assassino viene scovato tra i dipendenti del luna park e viene ucciso dalla stessa Anne prima che il serial killer abbia modo di eliminare a sua volta Devin. La giovane donna era stata avvisata dal piccolo Mike, a sua volta messo a parte del pericolo corso dall'amico da un fantasma apparsogli durante la notte.

Personaggi

 Devin "Dev" Jones Il ventunenne protagonista del romanzo.
 Fred Dean Il direttore del Joyland.
 Rosalind "Rozzie" Gold Alias madame Fortuna, la chiromante del parco.
 Bradley Easterbrook L'anziano proprietario del parco.
 Lane Hardy Lavora al Joyland da anni. Il suo vero nome è Leonard Hopgood e dietro al carattere allegro e generoso, nasconde un oscuro passato.
 Eddie Parks Burbero e scostante lavora al Joyland da molti anni. Su di lui si indirizzano i primi sospetti di Dave.
 Emmalina Shoplaw La padrona di casa di Devin.
 Tom Kennedy Collega di Devin e suo amico.
 Erin Cook La fidanzata di Tom e anch'essa collega di Devin. Grazie alle sue ricerche il mistero dell'omicidio di Linda Gray potrà essere risolto.
 Annie Ross La bellissima e apparentemente algida madre di Mike Ross. Farà dimenticare a Devin tutte le sue delusioni amorose.
 Michael "Mike" Everett Ross Ragazzino di dieci anni, affetto da distrofia muscolare e con misteriosi poteri di preveggenza. Il suo destino è segnato dalla malattia.

Note

Edizioni

Collegamenti esterni

Romanzi di Stephen King
Romanzi thriller

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Shake off your marker. Defy anything that stands in your way. Dangerous on the break, Nemeziz Tango smashes the net of any cage or court. These football boots have a textile upper and are built for indoor play.


Though manually weeding a lawn is a great way to physically remove the offending weeds, it's not exactly fun or easy work to crawl around on your hands and knees for hours in the hot sun. That's where stand up weeding devices come in.
There are several different brands of stand up weed pullers and most work in a similar manner: You drive the tool down into the ground around the weed. The tool grabs or latches onto the weed and its roots, and you then pull or pry the weed and the root from ground. You then release the root and weed into a bucket and repeat the process.
There are multiple brands of stand up weed pullers out there and I've used a few but I tend to like the Ames Stand Up Weeder a little better than the others. Most stand up weed pullers use prongs or teeth that close in around the weed and root when you press a lever or pull the weed puller back. The Weed Zinger, Grampa's Weed Puller and the Fiskar Stand Up Weeder all work around this principal.
They work well, though using leverage to remove something has its disadvantages. The soil needs to be compact enough to allow for proper leverage and you need to have the space to do so.
The Ames Stand Up Weeder works a little differently. With it you can step on the weeder to push it down over the weed and root, but then you twist. The twist catches up the weeds and root. A simple pull yanks it out of the ground. You can push down to get the weed, twist 45 degrees and then pull straight out, no real leverage or leaning needed.
After three hours of using the Ames Stand Up Weed Puller I found that it worked really, really well with a few caveats.
First, it's a great tool for taking out individual broad leaf or dandelion-type weeds in your yard. It's easy to operate, easy to grab the weeds and relatively easy to pop out the soil plug that it grabs. The holes that it makes are about an inch or so wide (sometimes wider based on the roots you're pulling) and a good two to three inches deep.
Second, it's lightweight and easy to move and operate. It's less than four pounds, has large easy to hold handles and requires almost no bending over whatsoever. If you're taller than six feet or so you may find yourself stooping a little bit, but it's still much, much better than crawling around on the ground on your hands and knees.
Third, it's pretty solidly constructed. The plastic parts are solid and strong, the steel parts are durable and well made. After several hours of use it still looked practically new. I also found myself to be weeding much more efficiently than if I were down on my hands and knees. I was able to fill a five gallon bucket with weed plugs in about a half hour or so. If I had been doing that by hand it would have easily taken me twice as long just because I'd be moving around the lawn much slower.
There are a few downsides to the Ames Stand Up Weeder, but they aren't show stoppers.
First, those holes you put in your yard can be somewhat deep and large. If you have dogs or toddlers running around your lawn I could easily see them tripping or even getting a foot stuck in some of these holes. Be sure to fill them in or at least rake or step on the holes to fill them in a little bit. This sort of weeding does aerate your lawn to some extent but this is probably the least efficient way in the world to do it.
Second, all these stand up weed pullers work best on individual broadleaf weeds with deep roots. They don't work nearly as well on spreading weeds (like chickweed) or in places where you have to be careful about hurting other plants. I wouldn't use any sort of stand up weed puller in a vegetable garden or flower bed because there's just too much of a chance of me grabbing something I didn't want. And if you can't identify the exact center of the weed to put the weed puller onto, you're just going to be pulling up a chunk of grass instead a weed with roots.
Third, it's still work. I was tired after a few hours. I probably would have been a lot more tired if I'd been on my hands and knees prying out weeds with a weed fork.
Your soil quality will also affect your success rate with any of these stand up weed pullers. If you soil is too sandy or rocky they have a chance of getting stuck open or closed due to little stones or simply not working well at all. I found that in extremely dry sandy soil I had a much more difficult time grabbing weeds. That's just the nature of how these work.
Overall, the Ames Stand Up Weeder is a solid tool built for a specific job. It's lightweight, efficient tool that makes pulling weeds relatively fun! It's not perfect, but no weed puller is. I almost can't wait until dandelion season hits because I kind of want to pop in my earbuds, crank up some tunes, and spend an hour or so ripping weeds out of the ground without breaking a sweat.


text:
Jonathan Solari, CEO
by Gretchen Bourg
Jonathan Solari's appointment as CEO of Madison Ballet combines a long career in the arts with a love for continuously strengthening his adopted home of Madison.
At 27, Jonathan founded New Brooklyn Theatre to restore a historic theatre in the Bed-Stuy neighborhood of New York City. Under his leadership, the company was heralded as the "flash point for the fusion of theatre and politics" by The New York Times. It partnered with Harvard University to perform Chekhov in Turkish farmlands and presented Ibsen on a stage floating outside of the state capital in West Virginia. His production of Edward Albee's The Death of Bessie Smith is credited with saving Brooklyn's Interfaith Medical Center from closure in what The Wall Street Journal called the "most dramatic blend of theater and health policy in nearly 30 years."
As a theatre and opera director, Jonathan has worked with some of the greatest artists of his time. He has staged works for Lincoln Center, Maestro Lorin Maazel's Castelton Festival, and Belarus Free Theatre, among many others.
Since moving to Madison with his wife, Courtney Nelson, he has worked to build a culture of philanthropy with organizations including Community Shares of Wisconsin, Planned Parenthood, Working Capital for Community Needs, and United Way of Dane County. He loves to exchange ideas through travel and currently serves as the at-large member of the City of Madison's Sister City Collaboration Committee.
Jonathan holds degrees from New York University and Boston University.
Posted in staff


text:
Filtr – fragment obwodu elektrycznego lub obwodu elektronicznego odpowiedzialny za przepuszczanie lub blokowanie sygnałów w określonym zakresie częstotliwości lub zawierającego określone harmoniczne.

Podział filtrów
Ze względu na przeznaczenie filtry można podzielić na cztery podstawowe rodzaje (zob. rys. obok):
 dolnoprzepustowe,
 górnoprzepustowe,
 środkowoprzepustowe,
 środkowozaporowe.

Ze względu na konstrukcję i rodzaj działania filtry można podzielić na:
 pasywne – nie zawierają elementów dostarczających energii do obwodu drgającego, zawierają tylko elementy RLC:
 jednostopniowe,
 wielostopniowe,
 aktywne – zawierają zarówno elementy RLC, jak również i elementy dostarczające energię do filtrowanego układu np. wzmacniacze, układy nieliniowe.

Filtry można również podzielić na typy obwodów w jakich są używane:
 analogowe,
 cyfrowe.

Filtry pasywne

Filtry pasywne są wykonane tylko z pasywnych elementów RLC. Przy odpowiednim połączeniu tych elementów można uzyskać wszystkie typy filtrów widocznych na rys. 1. Prócz tego, filtry pasywne wykonuje się też jako elementy z materiałów piezoelektrycznych z odpowiednio napylonymi elektrodami.

Najprostszym rodzajem filtra pasywnego, szeroko stosowanego w elektronice, jest filtr dolnoprzepustowy w postaci kondensatora o dużej pojemności połączonego równolegle do filtrowanego napięcia (z ewentualnym szeregowym opornikiem). Urządzenia elektroniczne są często zasilane z sieci energetycznej za pomocą zasilaczy, w których napięcie sieci (o skutecznej wartości 230 V) jest transformowane na niskie napięcie użyteczne (np. 12 V), które jest następnie prostowane za pomocą prostownika dwupołówkowego. Napięcie wyjściowe takiego prostownika ma przebieg tętniący (zobacz rysunek). Dopiero równoległe dołączenie kondensatora o odpowiedniej pojemności powoduje znaczne zmniejszenie amplitudy tętnień, czyli proces filtrowania. Im większa jest pojemność użytego kondensatora, tym napięcie wyjściowe ma przebieg bardziej zbliżony do przebiegu stałego.

Jeśli w powyższym układzie elementy C i R zostaną zamienione, wówczas powstanie pasywny filtr górnoprzepustowy.

W obu przypadkach częstotliwość graniczna filtru wynosi:  a charakterystyka amplitudowa w paśmie tłumienia opada o 20 dB na dekadę.

Przy dużych natężeniach prądu obok kondensatorów stosuje się cewki włączone szeregowo z odbiornikiem, zwane w takim przypadku dławikami. Zmiany prądu w cewce wywołują powstanie napięcia przeciwdziałającego tym zmianom, a tym samym wygładzenie przebiegu napięcia.

Para elementów LC dostrojonych do określonej częstotliwości będzie się zachowywać, w zależności od sposobu włączenia do układu, jak filtr środkowoprzepustowy (używany np. do strojenia radiowych odbiorników AM) lub jak filtr środkowozaporowy (używany do tłumienia niepożądanego pasma częstotliwości).

Wszystkie rodzaje charakterystyk filtrów przedstawionych powyżej mogą być uzyskane za pomocą szeregowego lub równoległego połączenia kilku filtrów. Jednakże tłumienie sygnałów, poza pasmem przenoszenia, dla filtrów pasywnych często jest zbyt małe. Ponadto kaskadowe połączenie kilku filtrów skutkuje znacznym tłumieniem amplitudy, również w paśmie przenoszenia – w takich przypadkach zastosowanie mają filtry aktywne.

Filtry aktywne

Filtry aktywne zazwyczaj wykorzystują również własności elementów RLC, ale przy wspomaganiu specjalnymi elementami sterującymi oraz dostarczającymi energię do filtrowanego układu. Dzięki temu filtry aktywne charakteryzują się znacznie lepszym tłumieniem w paśmie zaporowym niż filtry pasywne.

Przykład górnoprzepustowego aktywnego filtra przedstawiono na rysunku obok. Filtr taki bazuje na wzmocnionych charakterystykach elementów RC. Elementem aktywnym jest tutaj wzmacniacz operacyjny, który posiada odrębne zasilanie (nie pokazane dla czytelności rysunku), i który powoduje częściowe dostarczanie energii do filtrowanego układu.

Istnieje wiele różnych typów filtrów aktywnych, m.in.:
 filtry Butterwortha,
 filtry Czebyszewa,
 filtry Bessela,
 filtry eliptyczne.

Struktury realizacji elektronicznej filtru to m.in.:
 filtry Sallen-Key,
 filtry Multiple Feedback (MFB).

Najbardziej skomplikowane filtry mogą być skonstruowane z użyciem techniki cyfrowej i sterowane mikroprocesorowo. Jest to jednak odrębna dziedzina nazywana cyfrowym przetwarzaniem sygnałów.

Filtry do obwodów analogowych i cyfrowych
Działanie filtrów w obwodach analogowych i cyfrowych jest w zasadzie identyczne. Niewielkie różnice mogą występować jedynie w rozwiązaniach konstrukcyjnych. Nawet działanie całkowicie cyfrowych filtrów używanych w cyfrowym przetwarzaniu sygnałów (DSP) jest oparte na tych samych prawach i zależnościach, co wykorzystywane w tradycyjnych filtrach. Różnica leży jedynie w rodzaju przetwarzanych sygnałów – w przypadku DSP przetwarzanie realizowane jest na ciągach liczb (sygnał dyskretny), które reprezentują dany sygnał ciągły.

Dobroć filtru
Dobroć filtru określa się jako stosunek częstotliwości środkowej filtru do szerokości jego pasma. W przypadku filtrów o większej szerokości pasma przenoszonego, określa się zwykle względną szerokość pasma będącą odwrotnością dobroci i najczęściej wyrażaną w procentach częstotliwości środkowej.

Zobacz też
 zwrotnica elektryczna

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne