text:
Tagarchief: Richard III
januari 26, 2018 · 1:13 am
King Henry IV was not the son of Katherine Swynford!/My comments on "Richard II, the last of the PLantagenets?"
Portrait at Westminster Abbey, mid-1390s
KING RICHARD II, WHO PASSED THROUGH DISASTER AND
ENDED SO TRAGICALLY AT PONTEFRACT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Richard_II_of_England
https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=FGvkuttgik0&t=1s
HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE, THE LATER KING
HENRY IV, COUSIN OF
KING RICHARD II, WHO USURPED RICHARD II AND
THUS TRIGGERED THE SEED FOR THE WARS
OF THE ROSES [SINCE EDMUND MORTIMER, GRANDSON
OF BOLINGBROKE'S AND KING RICHARD'S UNCLE LIONEL OF ANTWERP,
CAME BEFORE HIM IN THE LINE OF SUCCESSSION:
LIONEL OF ANTWERP WAS THE SECOND SURVIVING SON OF
KING EDWARD III, GRANDFATHER OF BOTH BOLINGBROKE AND
WHILE BOLINGBROKE'S FATHER, JOHN OF GAUNT, WAS THE
THIRD SON OF KING EDWARD III]
DURING THE REIGN OF KING HENRY VI, GRANDSON OF
KING HENRY IV, THE WARS OF THE ROSES BROKE OUT,
BETWEEN TWO BRANCHES OF THE HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET
THE HOUSE OF YORK, LED BY RICHARD, 3RD DUKE OF
YORK [FATHER OF KING EDWARD IV AND KING RICHARD III],
WHO WAS THE NEPHEW OF THE CHILDLESS EDMUND MORTIMER
[SON OF HIS SISTER ANN MORTIMER] AND THEREFORE HAD A
SUPERIOR CLAIM ON THE ENGLISH THRONE.
THE HOUSE OF LANCASTER
LED BY KING HENRY VI [ACTUALLY BY HIS WIFE, MARGARET
OF ANJOU, SINCE HENRY VI HAD PSYCHIC PROBLEMS]
AND THE BEAUFORTS, DESCENDANTS OF THE HALFBROTHERS
OF HENRY IV [SONS OF HIS FATHER JOHN OF GAUNT,
DUKE OF LANCASTER AND KATHERINE SWYNFORD, HIS
THIRD WIFE, WHILE HENRY IV WAS THE SON OF JOHN
OF GAUNT'S FIRST WIFE, BLANCHE OF LANCASTER,
HEIRESS OF THE LANCASTER ESTATES
FROM HER FIRST HER HUSBAND
JOHN OF GAUNT AND LATER HER SON HENRY IV
INHERITED THE LANCASTER LANDS AND TITLES]
https://www.astridessed.nl/the-wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-the-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to-the-past/
http://community.dewereldmorgen.be/blog/astridessed/2018/01/25/the-wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-the-wars-of-the-rosestravel-to-the-past
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2QgaRbIjzQ&t=651s
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV_of_England
John of Gaunt
JOHN OF GAUNT, UNCLE OF KING RICHARD III AND FATHER OF
HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE, THE LATER KING HENRY IV
HIS FIRST WIFE WAS BLANCHE OF LANCASTER,
DAUGHTER OF HENRY OF GROSMONT, THE FIRST DUKE OF
LANCASTER, AND GRANDDAUGHTER OF EARL HENRY,
3RD EARL OF LANCASTER
IURE UXORIS [BY THE RIGHT OF HIS WIFE] JOHN OF GAUNT
INHERITED THE TITLES AND LANCASTER LANDS OF
HIS WIFE, WHICH MADE HIM DUKE OF LANCASTER
HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE, HIS AND BLANCHE'S SON,
INHERITED THOSE LANDS AND TITLES AFTER HIS
DEATH [RICHARD II FIRSTLY DISINHERITED HIS
COUSIN HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE, WHO ROSE AGAINST
HIM, DEPOSED HIM AND THEN HAD HIS RIGHTFUL TITLES
AND LANDS]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Gaunt
BLANCHE OF LANCASTER [WITH HER HUSBAND, JOHN OF GAUNT]
SHE WAS THE MOTHER OF HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE, LATER
KING HENRY IV
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanche_of_Lancaster
SO "INTRUIGING HISTORY" MADE A FAULT BY STATING THAT
HENRY OF BOLINGBROKE [HENRY IV] WAS THE SON
OF JOHN OF GAUNT AND HIS MISTRESS AND GREAT LOVE
KATHERINE SWYNFORD, WITH WHOM HE MARRIED LATER,
MAKING TO HIS THIRD WIFE
HIS MOTHER WAS BLANCHE OF LANCASTER!
KATHERINE SWYNFORD WAS THE MOTHER OF THE LATER
LEGITIMATED BEAUFORTS [CHILDREN OF HER AND JOHN
OF GAUNT, BORN DURING HIS SECOND MARRIAGE WITH
CATHERINE OF CASTILE, DAUGHTER OF PETER THE CRUEL,
KING OF CASTILE], WHO PLAYED A LARGE PART DURING
THE WARS OF THE ROSES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine_Swynford
https://www.astridessed.nl/king-henry-iv-was-not-the-son-of-katherine-swynford-my-comments-on-richard-ii-the-last-of-the-plantagenets/
KING HENRY IV WAS NOT THE SON OF KATHERINE SWYNFORD!/MY COMMENTS
ON "RICHARD II KING 1377-99, THE LAST OF THE PLANTAGENETS?"
Here is your supplier of Medieval history, again
https://www.astridessed.nl/tag/history/
ABOUT RICHARD II AND THE LINE OF SUCCESSION
TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
This time a short, but interesting travel to the times of
king Richard II [1], son of the famous Black Prince [2]
and grandson of king Edward III.
Reacties uitgeschakeld voor King Henry IV was not the son of Katherine Swynford!/My comments on "Richard II, the last of the PLantagenets?"
Getagd als Blanche of Lancaster, Constance of Castile Duchess of Lancaster, Edmund Crouchback, Edward I of England, Edward II of England, Edward III, Edward III of England, Edward IV, English history, Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Henry III of England, Henry IV, Henry of Bolingbroke, Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke of Lancaster, Henry VII, Henry VII of England, history, In English, John of Gaunt, Katherine Swynford, Lionel of Antwerp 1st Duke of Clarence, Margaret Beaufort Countess of Richmond and Derby, Peter of Castile, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Thomas 2nd Earl of Lancaster
juli 7, 2016 · 1:15 am
The Wars of the Roses/[NevillFeast]/More nonsense about Isobel and Anne Nevill
MORE NONSENS ABOUT ISOBEL AND ANNE NEVILLE
SEE WEBSITE NEVILLFEAST
https://nevillfeast.wordpress.com/2011/04/01/more-nonsense-about-isobel-and-anne-nevill/
Posted: April 1, 2011 in Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick, Anne Nevill, Duchess of Glouceste
I stumbled on this while I was on the hunt for information for an upcoming post.
I feel that it needs a response, something to balance the books a little. I know, it's an uphill battle – the view that poor Isobel and Anne were mere pawns (oh, and Doomed) is so entrenched that it's going to take a miracle to shift it by so much as a millimetre.
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Getagd als Anne Beauchamp the 15th Countess of Warwick, Anne Mortimer, Anne Neville Queen of England, Cecily Duchess of York, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, Edward IV, English history, France, George Plantagenet Duke of Clarence, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Isobel Neville Duchess of Clarence, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, Richard Neville the 16th Earl of Warwick, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses, Warwick the Kingmaker
juni 27, 2016 · 4:43 am
The Wars of the Roses/[NevillFeast]/Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick, wife and widow
ANNE BEAUCHAMP, COUNTESS OF WARWICK, WIFE AND WIDOW
SEE WEBSITE OF NEVILLFEAST
https://nevillfeast.wordpress.com/2011/04/13/anne-beauchamp-countess-of-warwick-wife-widow/
Posted: April 13, 2011 in Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick
I want to look in some depth at a letter written by Anne Beauchamp, countess of Warwick, to the Commons after the Battle of Barnet. She wrote other letters, to several of the 'ladies noble of this realm'. I haven't been able to find any of them, but they probably don't say much that isn't said in the one I do have. What would be interesting to see would be any difference in tone. This is a formal letter, written to a formal government body. Anne had, by this stage, reached the end of the list of people (or bodies) she could appeal to. I get a strong sense of the woman herself from this letter. Anne knows her rights and knows they're being violated. The decision taken by parliament to disinherit (impoverish) her, must have been extremely hard for her to take, especially as it was her daughters and sons-in-law who benefitted from it. I can't help but think she felt betrayed by them.
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juni 26, 2016 · 5:07 pm
[Article of Conor Byrne]/The forgotten Countess, Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick
THE FORGOTTEN COUNTESS, ANNE BEAUCHAMP, COUNTESS
OF WARWICK
SEE WEBSITE CONOR BYRNE
http://conorbyrnex.blogspot.nl/2015/11/the-forgotten-duchess-anne-beauchamp.html
The Forgotten Countess: Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick
Above: Anne Beauchamp alongside her husband Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, in the television series The White Queen.
Reacties uitgeschakeld voor [Article of Conor Byrne]/The forgotten Countess, Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick
Getagd als Anne Beauchamp 15th Coluntess of Warwick, Anne Beauchamp 15th Countess of Warwick, Anne Mortimer, Anne Neville Queen of England, Cecily Duchess of York, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, Edward IV, England, English history, France, George Plantagenet Duke of Clarence, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Isabelle Neville Duchess of Clarence, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of t, Wars of the Roses, Warwick the Kingmaker
juni 11, 2016 · 10:45 pm
The Wars of the Roses/[From Susan Higginbotham]/The King's Mother in Law, Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick
THE KING'S MOTHER IN LAW:
ANNE BEAUCHAMP, COUNTESS OF WARWICK
BY SUSAN HIGGINBOTHAM
http://www.susanhigginbotham.com/subpages/annebeauchamp.htm
Wife to a kingmaker and mother to a queen, Anne Beauchamp, Countess of Warwick, is nonetheless one of the more shadowy figures caught up in the Wars of the Roses. Yet her life intersected with those of the most powerful men of the time, and her wealth would be much desired by some of those men.
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Getagd als Anne Beauchamp 15th Countess of Warwick, Anne Mortimer, Anne Neville Queen of England, Cecily Duchess of York, Edmund of Langley, Edward III, Edward IV, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Isabel Duchess of Clarence, John of Gaunt, Lionel of Antwerp, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick, The Wars of the Roses, Wars of the Roses, Warwick the Kingmaker
augustus 19, 2015 · 4:42 pm
Rozenoorlogen en boerenopstanden/Adel tegen adel/Adel tegen het volk/Heersende klasse toen en nu
MACHTHEBBERS UIT HEDEN EN VERLEDEN
WAT ZE GROTENDEELS GEMEEN HEBBEN IS
DE ONDERDRUKKING/BEVOOGDING
VAN DEGENEN, DIE GEEN MACHT HEBBEN
[In geval van
Louise Gunning, die eigenlijk niet hier thuishoort, maar
in een adem met de rest wordt genoemd door Matthijs van de Sande
vanwege haar onderdrukkende rol tegen het studentenverzet]
HET IS ECHTER HISTORISCH GEZIEN ONZINNIG, ZE ALLEMAAL
OP EEN HOOP TE GOOIEN
DAARVOOR ZIJN VERSCHILLEN EN TIJDSOMSTANDIGHEDEN
TEGENSTELLINGEN TUSSEN DE ARME, ONDERHORIGE
BOEREN EN DE BEZITTENDE KLASSE, DE ADEL, LEIDDEN
TOT BOERENOPSTANDEN
EN INDERDAAD KON EEN EDELMAN AAN DE "RIEK" VAN
EEN BOER EINDIGEN
MAAR DAT BETEKENDE NIET, DAT DE ADEL
MINDER TE VREZEN HAD VAN ZIJN MEDE EDELEN.
EDELEN HADDEN DAN WEL GEZAMENLIJKE BELANGEN
[ONDERDRUKKING VAN DE ONDERLIGGENDE KLASSE],
MAAR MEER NOG DAN VAN DE BOEREN HADDEN ZE
VAN ELKAAR TE VREZEN IN RIVALISERENDE
OORLOGEN OM MACHT, LAND EN KROON:
DODELIJK VOORBEELD WAREN DE ROZENOORLOGEN IN DE LATE
MIDDELEEUWEN IN ENGELAND,
EEN STRIJD OM DE TROON TUSSEN EDELEN, DIE AFSTAMDEN
VAN KONING EDWARD III, WAARBIJ PRAKTISCH
DE HELE OUDE ENGELSE MIDDELEEUWSE ADEL ZICHZELF HEEFT
VERNIETIGD
DEZE STRIJD LIEP TUSSEN EN DOOR FAMILIES HEEN
BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER…….
HET VOLK KWAM ER WEINIG AAN TE PAS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_of_the_Roses
http://www.astridessed.nl/the-wars-of-the-rosescauses-of-the-wars-of-the-rosesa-travel-to-the-past/
TEGENSTELLINGEN TUSSEN DE EDELEN
DE ROZENOORLOGEN
Painting by Henry Payne in 1908 of the scene in the Temple Garden from Shakespeare's play Henry VI, Part 1, where supporters of the rival factions pick either red or white roses
Battle of Towton, as depicted by Richard Caton Woodville, Jr. (1856–1927)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Towton
Late 15th-century artistic portrayal of the battle: Edward IV (left), wearing a circlet and mounted on a horse, leads the Yorkist charge and pierces the Earl of Warwick (right) with his lance; in reality, Warwick was not killed by Edward.
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Battle_of_Barnet
The battle of Tewkesbury, depicted in a Ghentmanuscript
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tewkesbury
TEGENSTELLINGEN TUSSEN DE ADEL EN HET VOLK
HEERSERS EN ONDERDRUKTEN/ARMOEDE EN RIJKDOM
RIJKDOM VAN DE ADEL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_Duc_de_Berry
ARMOEDE VAN DE BOEREN
BOERENOPSTANDEN
JACQUERIE, FRANSE BOERENOPSTAND IN 1358
GEDURENDE DE HONDERDJARIGE OORLOG MET FRANKRIJK
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacquerie
Peasants' Revolt
Richard II meets the rebels on 13 June 1381 in a miniature from a 1470s copy of Jean Froissart'sChronicles.
Wat Tyler's death (left to right: [unidentified]; SirWilliam Walworth, Mayor of London (wielding sword); Wat Tyler; Richard II of England; andJohn Cavendish, esquire to Richard II (bearing lance)
ENGELSE BOERENOPSTAND ONDER LEIDING VAN WAT TYLER IN
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wat_Tyler
Lord Saye and Sele brought before Jack Cade 4th July 1450, painting by Charles Lucy
ENGELSE BOERENOPSTAND ONDER LEIDING VAN
JACK CADE IN 1450, IN DE
NADAGEN VAN DE HONDERDJARIGE OORLOG
MET FRANKRIJK
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Cade
Filips IV de Schone
Koning van Frankrijk
PHILIPS IV [DE SCHONE], KONING VAN FRANKRIJK
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filips_IV_van_Frankrijk
John the Good
Portrait of John painted on wood panel around 1350, Louvre Museum
JEAN II, KONING VAN FRANKRIJK
DE BOERENOPSTAND
DE JAQUERIE VOND ONDER ZIJN HEERSCHAPPIJ PLAATS,
MAAR ZIJN ZOON, DE LATERE KAREL V, ONDERDRUKTE
DE OPSTAND [JEAN II WAS OP DAT MOMENT IN
ENGELSE KRIJGSGEVANGENSCHAP, TIJDENS DE HONDERDJARIGE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_II_of_France
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=John_II_of_France#Treaty_of_Mantes_and_Battle_of_Poitiers
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=John_II_of_France#Prisoner_of_the_English
Charles V the Wise
King of France
KAREL V, KONING VAN FRANKRIJK, ZOON VAN JEAN II EN
ONDERDRUKKER VAN DE BOERENOPSTAND DE JACQUERIE
IN 1358, ALS REGENT VAN ZIJN VADER JEAN II, DIE
OP DAT MOMENT IN ENGELSE KRIJGSGEVANGENSCHAP
WAS, TIJDENS DE HONDERDJARIGE OORLOG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_V_of_France
RICHARD II, KONING VAN ENGELAND
ONDERDRUKKER BOERENOPSTAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_II_of_England
HENDRIK V, KONING VAN ENGELAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_V_of_England
King of England (more…)
HENDRIK VI, KONING VAN ENGELAND
ONDERDRUKKER VAN DE BOERENOPSTAND
ONDER LEIDING VAN JACK CADE
[Daarbij moet wel gezegd worden, dat Hendrik VI een
voor die tijd zachtmoedige en vredelievende koning was,
die daarnaast psychische problemen had en vaak niet
in staat was om te regeren, waardoor
veel beslissingen door zijn raadgevers werden genomen]
Onder zijn heerschappij braken de Rozenoorlogen uit,
een strijd tussen edelen om de kroon [die edelen
stamden af van Koning Edward III, evenals Hendrik VI]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England#The_ascendancy_of_Suffolk_and_Somerset
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England#Insanity.2C_and_the_ascendancy_of_York
King Henry VIII by Hans Holbein the Younger,Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool.
HENDRIK VIII, KONING VAN ENGELAND
https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Henry_VIII_of_England
co-vorst van Andorra
LODEWIJK XIV, KONING VAN FRANKRIJK
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodewijk_XIV_van_Frankrijk
LOUISE GUNNING, VOORMALIG VOORZITTER
UVA, AUTOCRATISCH UNIVERSITEITS
BESTUURDER/ONDERDRUKKER RECHTEN STUDENTEN
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_Gunning-Schepers
http://www.astridessed.nl/studentenprotestvoor-democratisch-bestuur-en-tegen-teloorgang-onderwijs/
MARK RUTTE, PREMIER
ONDERDRUKKER SOCIAAL ZWAKKEREN [BEZUINIGINGEN]
EN VLUCHTELINGEN [BED, BAD EN BROOD AKKOORD]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rutte
http://www.astridessed.nl/bed-bad-en-brood-akkoordbrief-aan-emile-roemer-sp-tweede-kamer-fractievoorzitter-over-zijn-column-bed-bad-en-brood/
http://www.rtlnieuws.nl/nieuws/politiek/compromis-bed-bad-brood-dit-staat-het-akkoord
DIEDERIK SAMSOM
FRACTIEVOORZITTER PVDA
ONDERDRUKKER SOCIAAL ZWAKKEREN
[BEZUINIGINGEN] EN VLUCHTELINGEN [
BED, BAD EN BROOD AKKOORD]
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diederik_Samsom
ROZENOORLOGEN EN BOERENOPSTANDEN/ADEL TEGEN ADEL/ADEL
TEGEN HET VOLK/HEERSENDE KLASSE TOEN EN NU
REACTIE OP
MATTHIJS VAN DE SANDE/GOEDE MAATSCHAPPIJANALYSE/
ONZUIVERE HISTORIE INTERPRETRATIE
HEERSENDE KLASSE EN HET VOLK/TEGENSTELLINGEN
EN STRATEGIEEEN
Matthijs van de Sande, huiscolumnist van de antiracistische website
"Doorbraak", die doorgaans goede en strijdbare stukken schrijft [1], kan zich
beter niet op het pad der geschiedenis begeven..
Maatschappijkritiek, van deze tijd, lijkt hem beter op het lijf geschreven.
Ik doel hier op een overigens interessant stuk, dat hij in juni van dit
jaar heeft geschreven:
"Zijn ze eigenlijk nog wel bang genoeg?" [2]
Reacties uitgeschakeld voor Rozenoorlogen en boerenopstanden/Adel tegen adel/Adel tegen het volk/Heersende klasse toen en nu
Getagd als Eduard III, Edward III, Edward IV, English history, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, Henry VIII, history, Hundred Years War, Jack Cade rebellion, Jacquerie, Margaret of Anjou, Mensenrechten, Philips II, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Rozenoorlogen, Tachtigjarige Oorlog, Wars of the Roses, Wat Tyler rebellion, Willem van Oranje
maart 30, 2015 · 4:47 pm
The Wars of the Roses/Enmity between Margaret of Anjou and Richard, Duke of York/After the battle of Wakefield/Manifesto of Margaret of Anjou to the citizens of London in 1461
RICHARD OF YORK, CLAIMANT TO THE ENGLISH THRONE
AND ONE OF THE MAIN LEADERS OF THE WAR OF ROSES
[HISTORICAL IMAGE]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_of_York,_3rd_Duke_of_York
EDMUND BEAUFORT, 2ND DUKE OF SOMERSET, THE GREAT RIVAL
OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Beaufort,_2nd_Duke_of_Somerset
http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/10/13/possession-wars-of-the-roses/
KING EDWARD IV, SON OF RICHARD, DUKE OF
HISTORICAL IMAGE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England
RICHARD NEVILLE, 16TH EARL OF WARWICK, THE KINGMAKER
COUSIN TO EDWARD IV, FIRST ALLY TO HIS FATHER, RICHARD,
DUKE OF YORK, THEN TO KING EDWARD IV
LATER THEY BECAME ADVERSARIES AND THE KINGMAKER TURNED
TO MARGARET OF ANJOU [BECOMING A "LANCASTRIAN] TO RESTORE HENRY VI TO THE THRONE
HE FAILED AND LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY
HIS DAUGHTER, ANNE, LATER BECAME QUEEN OF ENGLAND,
MARRIED TO KING RICHARD III [BROTHER TO KING EDWARD IV]
http://queenanneboleyn.com/2014/08/25/our-common-enemy-wars-of-the-roses/
KING HENRY VI OF ENGLAND
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England
MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_of_Anjou
TWO IMAGES OF MARGARET OF ANJOU, QUEEN OF ENGLAND
http://queenanneboleyn.com/2013/11/04/my-fathers-daughter-wars-of-the-roses/
ENMITY BETWEEN MARGARET OF ANJOU AND RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK/
AFTER THE BATTLE OF WAKEFIELD/MANIFESTO OF MARGARET OF
ANJOU TO THE CITIZENS OF LONDON IN 1461
"When you play the game of thrones, you win or
you die. There is no middle ground"
I proudly present one of the rare documents I found in which Queen Margaret
of Anjou refers to her great enemy, Richard, Duke of York.
It is to be read in a Manifesto she proclaimed to the citizens
of London concerning her military campaigns after
the Battle of Wakefield.
See the text of the Manifesto below
But first:
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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, Humphrey Duke of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Louis XI, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses
maart 29, 2015 · 10:36 pm
The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne
DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (3), HEIR TO
The she-wolf of France, but worse than wolves of France
Whose tongue more poisons than an adders tooth
How ill beseeming it is in thy sex
To triumph like an amazon trull"
(Henry VI Part 3)
St Albans and its significance
The first battle of St Albans represents a landmark in the dispute between York and Lancaster; not as the first battle of a civil war, since it was not that, or as their biggest or bloodiest battle, since it was not that either. Its importance lay in the fact that it represented the ultimate expression of York's change of tack from being the king's champion to being the realm's champion.
Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York (3), heir to the throne
Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses
· 10:22 pm
The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York "……..the King's true liegeman……?"
DUKE RICHARD, THE 3RD DUKE OF YORK (2), "…….THE KING'S TRUE LIEGEMAN
How now? Is Somerset at liberty?
Then, York unloose thy long-imprisoned thoughts
And let thy tongue be equal with thy heart.
Shall I endure the sight of Somerset?
(Shakespeare: Henry VI part 2)
On his return from service in Normandy, duke Richard was the king's true liegeman and an obedient servant of the Lancastrian establishment: or so it seemed. If he blamed the government for his enormous debts incurred on the king's service, he did not show it. If he resented the preferment of John Beaufort and two other Lancastrian earls, he did not show it. If he was angry at the loss of Anjou and Main as part of the queen's marriage settlement, he did not show it. In fact his reticence was a remarkable display of sangfroid in the face of his worsening financial, dynastic and political situation. Whether this reflected his true feelings or not is doubtful. Although there was now a fracture in his bond of loyalty to the Lancastrian government, he could not afford a public show of pique. He was politically weak and only harm could come to him from making a fuss now. Discretion is indeed the better part of valour; York was keeping his own counsel and biding his time.
Reacties uitgeschakeld voor The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard the 3rd Duke of York "……..the King's true liegeman……?"
Getagd als Anne Moertimer, Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward III, Edward IV, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry Baeufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry Beaufort 3rd Duke of Somerset, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses/[Murreyandblue/WordPress.com]/Duke Richard of York (1), the man who would be king
DUKE RICHARD OF YORK (1), THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING
On the 10th of October 1460, Richard Plantagenet 3rd duke of York walked into Westminster Hall wearing the full arms of England undifferenced. After a moment, he put his hand on the empty throne. When asked if he wished to see the king, he replied "I know of no one in the realm who would not more fitly come to me than I to him". With those words, he declared to all those present that duke Richard had finally renounced his allegiance to king Henry VI and claimed the English crown by right of strict inheritance. York's motive has puzzled historians ever since. Was it really his 'natural disposition' to champion the public interest, or was it the notion that he was the rightful king all along that stirred his ambition? This is the first of three essays in which I hope to explore that question from a personal perspective. I should add for the avoidance of doubt, that I have no intention of considering the validity duke Richard's title: that is for another time. Neither is this a potted biography; I have included a few details of what I believe are some relevant friction points in his life for purely contextual reasons.
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Getagd als Anne Mortimer, Edmund Beaufort 2nd Duke of Somerset, Edmund Mortimer 5th Earl of March, Edmund of Langley 1st Duke of York, Edward II, Edward III, Edward of Westminster, England, English history, France, Henry IV, Henry V, Henry VI, Henry VII, history, House of Lancaster, House of York, Humphrey of Gloucester, Hundred Years War, In English, John of Gaunt 1st Duke of Lancaster, Lionel of Antwerp Duke of Clarence, Margaret of Anjou, Richard 3rd Duke of York, Richard 3th Duke of York, Richard II, Richard III, Richard Neville 16th Earl of Warwick the Kingmaker, Richard Neville 5th Earl of Salisbury, Roger Mortimer 4th Earl of March, The Black Prince, The Wars of the Roses, Thomas of Woodstock, Wars of the Roses


A trio of guitarfish from the shark and ray family photographed at the Jurong Fishery Port on May 19, 1999. This species is especially valued for its fins.
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Moscow: Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square Private Tour
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Look inside the monumental Saint Basil's Cathedral
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Learn about the history of Moscow Kremlin and enjoy the view from Red Square
Stroll around the monuments of Red Square and take breathtaking pictures of the Kremlin wall on a private tour of Moscow city center with a guide who makes history fun!
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For the University of Guyana to truly transform and recognize the potential of Guyana's youth it will need a lot of finances to make the journey from where it currently is.
This is according to the newly installed Chancellor of the University Nigel Harris. He made the statement while speaking at his installation ceremony on Wednesday evening.
Harris pointed to the emerging shift in the global culture which beckons a time for a new breed of professionals and this is something that UG must be a part of and not merely look on.
"It may be partly true that in the last five years we have existed on the periphery, but it is not entirely true and we should not be satisfied with merely being on lookers," said Professor Harris.
He stated that a Task Force established earlier in 2016 has put forward a slew of recommendations to transform the operations of the University. These include better financing, governance reforms, and quality assurance.
The task force has called for a comprehensive operational manual which outlines proper procedures for all aspects of the University's operations. Harris said that UG is moving swiftly towards implementation the recommendations.
The task force also recommended an increase in UG subventions from the Government of Guyana. "The Taskforce recognized that the University cannot rely solely on government largess – indeed with all the best in the world Government subventions alone cannot enable the transformation UG requires," he stated.
The Chancellor stated that it is imperative that urgent and aggressive measures are taken to implement as many of the recommendations contained within the report.
"Without appropriate financing the University cannot achieve the transformation necessary to lift it to a level that will serve our country's interest in a rapidly evolving world," stated Professor Harris.


Louis Vuitton. A luxury designer every woman dreams of... As soon as I can remember I started to fall in love with beautiful designer bags but obviously couldn't afford any. I used to spend hours after school browsing around the Louis Vuitton website looking at all the bags and picturing myself owning at least one of them. I have to admit that I was a little freak back then and seriously ''studied'' all the bags and every little detail of them almost on a daily bases and what can I say... Because of that I can spot a fake Louis from a distance now.
As you can hopefully tell from the pictures, even after two years she looks still brand new. Apart from a few tiny little scratches on the bottom side part she is in perfect condition and I'm more than satisfied with the quality of the Louis Vuitton bags. I've not ''babied'' her and wasn't always that careful with her which shows me that this bag is definitely a A++* for the quality. She is really sturdy, not as the Speedy which has more of a saggy kind of look and feel to it.
There are three different sized of the Alma bag which are BB, PM & MM. I actually wanted the medium size first which is the PM but then I just fell in love with the little one. The Alma BB looks super cute and classy that's for sure but is it really a practical bag? Can you fit all your stuff in it? That were two of the questions I kept asking myself when first got her and now I can say: Yes! Definitely! She looks extremely small but it deceives. Of course you can not fit all the stuff in it that fits in your Speedy but it will fit everything you NEED. And what do we really need in our bags? Wallet, keys, phone and maybe headphones. All of that will fit unless you have a a giant wallet or something. I even managed to fit my full size wallet AND my LV agenda in size MM in it. At the same time. So the Alma BB truly is a perfect bag because she looks small but can fit a lot.
❥ #Suitable for everyday use?
YES YES YES! Because of the shoulder straps which are detachable you can use the Alma BB in many different ways. Cross body, on one shoulder, in the crook of your arm or just casually in your hand. These detachable shoulder straps are my favorite part of the bag because they're making her so versatile and suitable of every look and occasion you can think of. If you take off the shoulder straps she looks a lot more elegant and almost like a clutch for a special occasion or evening dinner, but with the shoulder straps on you can totally rock her on a daily bases with the most casual look. Just wear her cross body and you'll see how she's going to match your skinny jeans and sneakers. In comparison with the Speedy for example, the Alma is way more versatile and the perfect bag for every occasion.
I'm really surprised about the hardware because I thought they're going to look the same as on the Speedy after some time and get more mat and a bit darker but they actually stayed this shiny till this day which makes me really happy. I don't baby wipe or clean them (I actually never did...) but still they are super shiny and the lock just has a few tiny little scratches which is no big deal. The zipper is very smooth and glides along so it's very easy to open and close the bag.
The hot stamping is a free service of the Louis Vuitton house which is a personalization of your bag. You can chose the color, size and letters you want and they will hot stamp it for your free of charge. That's a service right? I always prefer the gold lettering for the damier ebene bags 'cause I think it looks the most elegant and suits them best. One thing you need to know is that they're not stamping anywhere you want the stamp to be. The places where they can do it are different from bag to bag but for the Alma it's either on the leather key bell or on one of the leather ''places'' where the handles are fixed. I chose the key bell because it's detachable and you can just take it off if you don't want the stamping anymore. It's not directly on the bag that way which is a point you want to think of if you are buying for investment. The future buyer might not want your initials on the bag.
❥ #Conclusion I can definitely recommend this bag (and no, I've not been paid from LV to say that). It's an amazing designer bag for everyone who loves classy luxury pieces. I love her more and more every day and although I'm using her on a daily bases I'm not tired of her yet and it's always so much fun finding new ways to style her. So, if you're searching a classy designer bag which is super versatile, small but fits a lot and is a great investment piece, definitely take a look on the beautiful Louis Vuitton Alma BB.
Omg I envy you! This bag is literally perfect!
I have the Neverfull, and have had for 4 years now and it's still in such great condition. The cost is definitely justified after having it for so long!


3:9 For we are labourers together with God: ye are God's husbandry, ye are God's building.
3:12 Now if any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; 3:13 Every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is.
3:14 If any man's work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward.
3:15 If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire.
3:22 Whether Paul, or Apollos, or Cephas, or the world, or life, or death, or things present, or things to come; all are your's; 3:23 And ye are Christ's; and Christ is God's.


In the middle of a dark winter's night in a small Midwest farming community, the two-story home of a young family caught fire. Quickly, parents and children followed their well-practiced emergency plan and made their way through the smoke-filled home out into the front yard. There the father quickly counted heads and realized that their 5-year-old son was not among them. Suddenly he heard a wail and looked up to see the boy at his bedroom window, crying and rubbing his eyes. Knowing the danger of reentering the house to rescue his son, the father called, "Jump, Son! I'll catch you!" Between sobs, the boy responded to the voice he knew so well. "But, I can't see you, Daddy!" The father answered with great assurance. "No, Son, you can't see me, but I can see you! Jump!" At that, the boy jumped into the smoky darkness and found himself safely cradled in his father's arms. Our scripture today is about trusting – about having faith – about being able to discern the fact that our God is always with us, even in storms of life.
2: Elizabeth Blackwell walked on water: For Elizabeth Blackwell "walking on water" meant something entirely different. Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821, in Bristol, England. As a girl, she moved with her family to the United States, where she first worked as a teacher. Elizabeth wanted to become a doctor in the 1840s. At the time, medical schools were only for men. Elizabeth Blackwell had to fight just to get in. Finally, at one school, Geneva College of Medicine in New York, the students voted to let her in as a joke. But the head of the school didn't know it was supposed to be a joke, and he let her in. When she got there, the students made fun of her. They refused to share their notes with her. Some professors tried to keep her out of their classes. She refused to give up. In 1849, she graduated at the head of her class. When no hospital would allow her to practice, she opened her own hospital. Then she opened a medical school to train women. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell) Elizabeth Blackwell courageously got out of the boat and walked on the roaring waters of opposition and gender discrimination in the medical profession. Today's gospel tells us how Peter the apostle tried to walk on water and failed because of his weak faith in Jesus.
The first story talks about the trust we have in God and second deals with results of our Faith in Jesus.
Lord, Lead us from ignorance to Truth; Lead us from darkness to light; Lead us from death to life.
This prayer is fulfilled in Jesus Christ by his death and resurrection. He is the Lord who can lead us to truth, light and life because He is the Truth, Light and Life. He is risen to give us new life. If Christ were not raised, Christianity would lose its very meaning.
The message which Christians bring to the world is this: Jesus, Love incarnate, died on the cross for our sins, but God the Father raised him and made him the Lord of life and death. In Jesus, love has triumphed over hatred, mercy over sinfulness, goodness over evil, truth over falsehood, life over death.
Today as we celebrate the Easter, do we hear the words of the Angel to women, "Do not be afraid". Do not be afraid to encounter Christ in our daily lives, in every human situation and to proclaim Him to everyone. He is Risen and He is our Lord!
May this Easter bring newness into our hearts, families and community. May His new life spring out from our inner self to reach out to others who are seek God and His mercy.
Life in Palestine in the time of Jesus was hard. The popular means of transport was your feet. People walked long distances on rough, dusty roads to go from Galilee to Jerusalem, for example. Travellers often arrived their destinations with sore and aching feet. As a sign of hospitality, the host would see to it that his guests were given a warm foot bath and massage as a way of relieving their aches and pains. This was usually done by the house servants or slaves.
This service of bathing and soothing the tired feet were also provided by the rest houses or inns found at strategic locations along the major roads and highways. Travellers worn out along the way could go into these rest houses and have food and foot bath. Their energy thus restored they would then be able to continue and complete their long journey. That is how such rest houses along the way got the name "restaurants" -- they restored strength to tired and exhausted travellers on the way. The disciples would have understand Jesus washing their feet in light of this cultural background. And for us it is a pointer to the meaning of the Eucharist we celebrate.
Understood in light of the washing of feet, the Eucharist is a place of restoration for people on the way. The life of a Christian in the world is a pilgrimage, a long, hard journey. Along the way we get tired and worn out and we are tempted to give up and turn back. But Jesus has provided us with the Eucharist as a place where we can go in to bathe our aching feet and to be refreshed in body and soul for the journey that is still ahead. When we give communion to a sick person we call it viaticum which means "provisions for a journey." The Eucharist is always a viaticum: in the Eucharist we derive strength to continue our upward journey toward God.
In the story we find that Peter was uncomfortable with having Jesus wash his feet. Peter, who was somewhat of an activist, would have preferred to see himself doing the washing, washing the feet of Jesus and even of the other disciples. Sometimes it is harder to remain passive and allow someone else to bathe us than it is to bathe someone else, as every toddler can tell you. But having our feet washed and washing the feet of others are two sides of the coin we call the Christian life.
Do you know what I have done to you? You call me Teacher and Lord -- and you are right, for that is what I am. So if I, your Lord and Teacher, have washed your feet, you also ought to wash one another's feet. For I have set you an example, that you also should do as I have done to you (John 13:12-15).
Jesus establishes a close link between him washing the disciples' feet and the disciples washing the feet of others. If the Eucharist is the place where the Lord washes our feet, daily life is the place where we ought to wash the feet of others. Eucharist leads to life leads to Eucharist. True Eucharist piety must lead to service of others. Jesus who broke the bread of the Eucharist also washed the feet of his disciples. We must follow his example both at the altar of the Eucharist and at the altar of Life.
Our Pastoral Plan is a product of many minds and hearts working together to envision the growth of our Parish community.
We had a workshop for the Parish Council, Ministry Leaders, and other meetings. Now we have come to the point of disseminating this plan to the whole parish. So, this weekend of 2/11 - 12 there will be short presentation of our pastoral plan, which has five major fields of concentration.
Our Pastoral Plan is named as "Our Journey with Jesus". Our life is seen as a Journey and as members of OLS we are not alone. Our Journey is always accompanied by Jesus and our faith community. As we Journey, we have plans for stop over, things to carry, people to accompany,etc.
Today's readings invite us to rejoice at the rebirth of Jesus in our lives as we are preparing for our annual Christmas celebration. Today is called Gaudete Sunday because today's Mass begins with the opening antiphon: "Gaudete in Domino semper," i.e., "Rejoice in the Lord always." So, to express our joy in the coming of Jesus as our Savior into our hearts and lives, we light the rose candle in the Advent wreath.
This leads me to the question John asked: "Are you the one who was to come, or should we expect someone else?" the waiting for messiah is not sorrowful but joyful, not discouraging but encouraging this joy has to be shared with one another as Rabbi shared his joy and made the poor rejoiced. This is the invitation of this Sunday to each one of us. Let us rejoice in waiting for the lord and also share this joy with others with joyful attitude.
Scripture lessons: The prophet Isaiah, in the first reading, encourages the exiled Jews in Babylon to rejoice because their God is going to liberate them from slavery and lead them safely to their homeland. In the second reading, James the Apostle encourages the early Christians to rejoice and wait with patience for the imminent second coming of Jesus. Finally, in the first part of today's Gospel reading, Jesus encourages John the Baptist in prison to rejoice by casting away his wrong expectations about the Messiah and simply accepting Jesus' healing and preaching ministry as the fulfillment of the Messianic prophecy of Isaiah. In the second part of today's Gospel, Matthew presents Jesus, the true Messiah, paying the highest compliments to John the Baptist as his herald and the last of the prophets, and giving special credit to the courage of John's prophetic convictions, asking his listeners to rejoice in the greatness of his herald.


In the first "Summer to Fall Transition" post, I decided to style the "Women's Murphy Maxi Dress" by the George collection from Walmart Canada.
The world's largest retailer, Walmart has officially brought out the fall fashion pieces into their stores. In 2010, Walmart took a dramatic turn to invest more focus on its fashion brand.
In this post, I have styled the "Women's Murphy Maxi Dress" by the George collection from Walmart Canada. The Maxi Dress is a solid jersey midweight sleeveless dress with cut-out back panel. Also, it has an open weave back panel in spine-like design and floor length maxi dress.
"Women's Murphy Maxi Dress" paired with a sleeveless white pin-stripe vest from the George collection. Added a pop of color by wearing a chunky gemmed necklace, emerald green earrings and black pumps.
"Women's Murphy Maxi Dress" paired with a Men's lightweight vertical line sweater by the George collection. Instead of changing the accessories, kept the chunky gemmed necklace, emerald green earrings, and black pumps.
Disclosure :: This post is sponsored by Walmart Canada. In exchange for this review, I have received special perks in the form of a gift card. As always the opinions on this blog are my own.
Gorgeous, I love your looks and outfit pretty.
Stunning outfit picks - you look amazing in both.
You look amazing Harija!! I love the both looks!!
This Plus Size dress is gorgeous on you! So flattering!
Love both of the look. You look gorgeous.


text:
Sports Baseball
Protest the Pittsburgh Pirates - June 30th, 2007 !!!!!!!!!!!?
On Saturday June 30, 2007, the truly faithful Pittsburgh Pirate fans intend to demonstrate their frustration with the team. I'm not talking about the team on the field; I'm talking of course about the ownership group (Kevin McClatchy & Bob Nutting) who is now responsible for 14 consecutive losing seasons and a... show more On Saturday June 30, 2007, the truly faithful Pittsburgh Pirate fans intend to demonstrate their frustration with the team. I'm not talking about the team on the field; I'm talking of course about the ownership group (Kevin McClatchy & Bob Nutting) who is now responsible for 14 consecutive losing seasons and a jumpstart start on the 15th. Should the bucs make it to 15 seasons, they would tie the record for most consecutive losing seasons in professional sports history. Yes, that's correct - not just a baseball record, a pro sports record.
The demonstration calls for all Pirate fans to sport green shirts to the game that evening. This would represent the money the fans generate through ticket sales and merchandising. At the end of the third inning all fans should get up and walk out of PNC Park. This demonstration signifies the exit of the money from the fans.
Do u think this will help the Pirates coach organization get there fuc@#$ a$$ in gear and fix this damn baseball team or what
Best Answer: The President of the Pirates organization and all of his underlings are not placed there by the electoral process or - let's face it - they would have done something to improve your team by now or they would already be gone. It is therefore up to the fans of the Pirates, people like YOU - to start small and create a bigger wave so they will get off their duffs and start making positive things happen on the field. There is no better way to begin expressing your displeasure at the current state of things in the Pirates than to stage your walkout, but what about afterwards?
Though I live in the west and am a Yankees fan (my imaginary therapist says I was dropped on my head once too many times when I was younger), I have relatives in the Pittsburgh area and totally understand your plight - you deserve much better than the current Pirate organization has to offer.
A walkout might be effective judging by the media attention Baltimore's walkout not too many moons ago garnered, but unless YOU STAY AWAY FROM THE PARK WITHOUT PAYING FOR TICKETS IN THE FIRST PLACE, you are never going to get the ownership's undivided attention. Sure, a walkout makes a point, but the tickets are already bought.
Once the turnstiles stop clicking on a more regular basis, however, maybe the bigwigs behind the big desks will start to care a little more. More permanent solutions apparently are going to require a basic grassroots campaign because management obviously will not take the initial steps to rectify the situation on its own, and it is fans like you - the supposed little guy - who will in the end make the difference and help the Pirate organization recover from this present period of below-average teams. It is through campaigns outside the ballpark (get signatures to send to the brass decrying the lousy state of baseball in your fair city!), radio call-in shows, or ANYTHING THAT WILL GET THE MEDIA'S ATTENTION BECAUSE THEY ARE ALWAYS LOOKING FOR STORIES that you will help you start to turn things around.
No, it isn't going to be easy and you will sometimes think that no one really cares, but people are funny when they feel that they are a part of a successful cause - things just start to snowball.
The key is not to simply lie back and take it, because the Pirates are YOUR team, not the owner's, and if you and other Pirate fans can draw attention in a manner that doesn't make you appear to be a quart short of a gallon, so to speak, you may have a chance of turning things around there. Isn't this the "American Way"? Make your point in a tasteful, though eye-catching way that will make people sit up and take notice, as well as get the attention of the people in the front office. Believe me - once the money stops coming into the coffers in a significant amount and the sentiment of the Pittsburgh area is known, they will either get out of town and sell the team to someone who cares, or - more than likely they will start efforts to put a team together that can compete once again like the former great Pirate teams did.
Best of luck! I like happy relatives! They are easier to visit!
KES :-)
Source(s): Not to be rude, but the dumbest thing we can do as sports fans is PAY TO ATTEND A GAME if we are unhappy about things. Players strike, so why can't fans? Really - how long can an organization survive if nobody pays to walk through the turnstiles, and the fans turn their attention to something else? Believe it or not, there are plenty of wholesome, interesting activities to do ANYWHERE if one simply uses his or her imagination and seeks something away from the ball park! A couple empty stadiums with no one to watch, buy concessions, or anything else related to the game will have nothing less than AN EARTHSHAKING AFFECT on all involved - it is predictable.
Kesokram · 1 decade ago
I am a die-hard Cubs fan. I have dealt with plenty of losing seasons. You're either a fan or your not. Do you really think you can organize this "walk-out" effectively?...and if so, how does you stealing innings from yourself hurt a millionaire(s) several times over? You paid for the ticket. You already gave them money. Organize a real boycott. Don't go to the game at all. Better yet, stop stessing yourself out. Find another hobby. These people (the ownership) are making money hundreds of other ways and one low attendance night will not affect them in the slightest...I assure you.
Wes · 1 decade ago
Its not the answer, but it is a start! Unfortunately, as you said, the owners only care about how much they can line their pockets with. If fans start boycotting games, especially the ones with the free give-aways, maybe ownership will start getting the message. MLB should mandate that ALL owners spend a certain percentage of profits on fielding a competitive team. If a team refuses, hold back the revenue sharing money from the owners and give them one more chance to fix it or sell the team to people that will. Until these owners are FORCED to be competitive, they won't.
Source(s): Life-long Pirate fan and fed up!
P.I. Stingray · 1 decade ago
You shouldn't feel to bad. Look at the Red Sox. It took us a hundred years to win a world series, Big $$$$ to sign key players and then the willingness to trade off one or more quality players for a pitcher or 2. Pitching is the most important man on the team. But you need your homerun guys and then a couple all star quality performers in the infeild and the outfield. Your catcher should be a hitter besides just calling the pitches. For your walkout you should get everyfan to agree to sit in one section maybe everybody opposite the Pittsburgh dugout so the team and manager can see you all leave the park at the same time. Good Luck. :-) I liked the Ralph Kiner days now there was a hitter for you. He liked to play home run derby with fellow homerun hitters in his day.
musner3 · 1 decade ago
Most people that go to pirates games aren't season ticket holders or devoted fans, they are there for a fun day and the promotion (PIT has some of the best promotions in the league, trying so hard to sell tickets), and aren't going to protest the game. The bucs office hasen't even acknowledged the protest and it really doesn't look like it will work very well.
Source(s): bucs season ticket holder
Meilleur_que_toi · 1 decade ago
Think of what you are saying, what are you boycotting??
You buy a ticket, pay for parking, enter the stadium and
pay for concessions, and then walk out....you're not boycotting
anything, you already gave them your money....
I do agree however, that the Pirates are a laughing stock,
and for 15 years thats ridiculous, especially considering how
competitive the organization was in the 70's and early 90's.
samdugan · 1 decade ago
Do you know what it is like to be a Washington nationals fan,before the season even started ,the concensus said 100 losses or more.And there was thoughts that this area cant support 2 baseball teams[BALT--WASH],they were right,this area cant SUPPORT 2 baseball teams,fan attendance is horrible.LOVE your pirates while you got them,you dont know how much you love them until they are gone.[1971 SENATORS]
Kevin H · 1 decade ago
I would gladly support it. I'm a yankee fan but it's disgusting how some owners only care about putting money in their pockets than caring about improving the team.
Scooter_loves_his_dad · 1 decade ago
I feel for you guys. Here in Philly we get the honor of celebrating the 10,000th loss by this pathetic, dreadful organization.
I can't make it to Steel City for your demonstration, but I'll be there in spirit.
Awesome Bill · 1 decade ago
i hope so feel srry 4 u guys.. greedy bastards .. u should throw toilet paper rolls and or make signs.. also call local talk radioto get the word out..
leftythadentist · 1 decade ago
Just a two-game suspension for Jake Marisnick; how does that help in any way to strengthen the importance of MLB Rule 7.13?
Bob Gibson's 3,000th Strikeout Achieved In 1974?
After 31 years, will the Dodgers ever win another World Series?
Cal Ripken Jr. Notched His 278th Home Run Surpassed Ernie Banks For The Most Career Home Runs By A Shortstop In MLB History?
Basketball vs Baseball, which one is more popular ?
Is it ever extremely hot going to Texas Rangers games?
Why do you think Joe Buck sucks?
Is it fair to say CLOSER is the most important position on any roster?
Are Red Sox fans by far the most arrogant unlikeable and insufferable fans in all of sports?


text:
Mixx Facebook Twitter Digg delicious reddit MySpace StumbleUpon LinkedIn Viadeo
Mexican cartel leader pleads guilty
By Terry Frieden, CNN Justice Producer
Miguel Angel Caro-Quintero pleads guilty on drug trafficking charges
Caro-Quintero faces up to 20 years in prison
Caro-Quintero's brother, Rafael, currently in prison for death of DEA agent
Washington (CNN) -- A Mexican cartel leader, best known as the brother of the man who killed DEA Agent Enrique "Kiki" Camarena, pleaded guilty in Denver, Colorado, to drug trafficking charges on Friday.
Nearly 20 years after his indictment, Miguel Angel Caro-Quintero, 46, admitted trafficking more than 100 tons of marijuana, and sending more than $100 million to Mexico. Caro-Quintero, who faces between 10 to 20 years, is scheduled for sentencing on February 4.
He faces up to five more years for drug charges in Arizona, stemming from a 1994 indictment.
Caro-Quintero was arrested in Sinaloa, Mexico, in 2001 and extradited to Colorado in February after spending eight years in custody for weapons crimes in Mexico.
"Today's guilty plea demonstrates the Justice Department's willingness to pursue drug kingpins no matter how long ago they were charged with a crime," said U.S. Attorney David Gaoette in Denver.
Rafael Caro-Quintero, the defendant's older brother, is serving a 40-year prison sentence in Mexico for Camarena's murder in 1985.
Is Mexico winning its war on drugs?
Drug-related killings skyrocket in Juarez
FBI: Alleged hit man changes appearance
More World
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The Gatton College of Business and Economics' Department of Management invites applications for a one-year postdoctoral position in the area of social network analysis and network science, with a focus on scientific collaboration and team science.
This is a position involving research between the University of Kentucky's (UK) LINKS Center for Social Network Analysis, the UK Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), and the University of Florida. The candidate will be an active participant in the LINKS Center, the preeminent center for the study of social networks in organizations, which is housed in the Department of Management. The LINKS Center hosts an annual workshop on network methods and analysis, a biennial small conference that attracts many of the top faculty in social network analysis from around the world, and an active seminar series. More information about the LINKS Center can be found at www.linkscenter.org. The UK Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) unites clinicians, researchers, and communities through innovative team science to accelerate the translation of basic science discoveries to tangible improvements in health.


text:
Mechanical properties of a carbon fabric-reinforced epoxy composite with carbon nanotubes and a flame retardant
Martin Kadlec, Robin Hron and Liberata Guadagno
The purpose of this paper is to present the mechanical and morphological characterization of new multifunctional carbon fibre-reinforced composites (CFRCs) that are able…
The purpose of this paper is to present the mechanical and morphological characterization of new multifunctional carbon fibre-reinforced composites (CFRCs) that are able to overcome two of the main drawbacks of aeronautical composite materials: reduced electrical conductivity and poor flame resistance. Multiwall carbon nanotubes and glycidyl POSS (GPOSS) were used to simultaneously enhance electrical conductivity and flame resistance. The effect of these two combined components on the mechanical and morphological properties of the manufactured CFRCs was analysed.
This paper describes the mechanical test results obtained for interlaminar shear strength, three-point bending, and tensile and fracture toughness in mode I tests. Carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy resin plates were manufactured in two series with blank resin and CNT+flame retardant GPOSS-enhanced resin.
The mechanical properties were decreased by no more than 10 per cent by combined influence of CNTs and GPOSS. Agglomerates of CNTs were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The agglomerates were large enough to be visible to the naked eye as black spots on the delaminated fracture surface. The decrease of the mechanical properties could be caused by these agglomerates or by a changed fibre volume content that was affected by the difficult infusion procedure due to high resin viscosity.
If we consider the benefit of CNTs as a nanofiller to increase electrical conductivity and the GPOSS as a component to increase the flame resistance of the resin, the decrease of strength seems to be insignificant.
International Journal of Structural Integrity, vol. 7 no. 5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSI-09-2015-0029
Carbon fibre-reinforced composite
Damage tolerance of composite T-sections made of cost-effective carbon fibre preforms
Martin Kadlec, Robin Hron and Timo Grieser
T-sections of carbon fibre-reinforced composites are prone to delamination because they lack reinforcement through their thicknesses. The purpose of this paper is to…
T-sections of carbon fibre-reinforced composites are prone to delamination because they lack reinforcement through their thicknesses. The purpose of this paper is to present the structural response of cost-effective laminated T-sections when subjected to various types of loads and impacts.
The core of the automated manufactured beams is analysed. Pull-off, flange tension, and flange bending were tested for specimens extracted from an I-beam. The failure processes for all of the specimens were investigated in detail, leading to the statistical evaluation of the failure modes.
A correlation is apparent between the impact damage energy and certain fracture patterns. These results can be used to assess damage tolerance when designing stiffeners, beams, and various complex structures. The increase in strength by 25 per cent was measured for the advanced stitching located in the web section for the flange tension test.
The resistance displayed by the T-sections toward impact damage was studied experimentally, as the literature describing this topic is limited. The prevalence of one fracture mode for higher impact energies shows a possible advantage of the cost-effective preforms for the damage tolerant philosophy.
Aerospace vehicles
Carbon fibre-reinforced composites
Damage tolerance
T-section


Nice lake with some outdoor activities like fishing n Bbq , Canoeing etc. As we stayed in log hotel larch , it's abt 200m away from the log. Enjoyed the morning walk before our breakfast .
Get quick answers from Lake Kanayama staff and past visitors.


EbonyB is the creation of a young, ambitious entrepreneur - Zuwena McDowall-Odoi. That's me.
My passion for hairdressing started at the age of 11 years old. By tackling many of my bad hair days I found it remarkable that I could manage my own hair care and styling, which led to a number of compliments from friends and strangers. Managing my natural hair was not an easy task at first; until I learnt how to love my hair in its natural state. I realised that this was the biggest step I had ever taken towards loving who I am and what I look like. It was wonderful. I felt free. I felt beautiful.
Since opening EbonyB we have taken part in 4 of londons most biggest natural hair shows. natural hair week, Curvolution and Afro Hair and beauty working with celebrity natural hair stylist to many - Felicia Leatherwoods.
I just love hairdressing. This is most definitely my calling.
Welcome to EbonyB Salon – specialising in natural hair care and styling. Our salon is based in the vibrant heart of north London - Highbury & Islington, and our expertise is in tailor made hair care treatments and exceptional protective styling for natural afro hair.
Zuwena Mcdowall and her highly trained stylist believe in making every visit to our salon a relaxing and sensual experience that will enhance your natural beauty and leave you with the knowledge to managing your own natural hair – as well as creating bespoke hairstyles to match your personality and image. This is why we have a host of loyal female and male clients; because EbonyB stylists continue to exceed clients' expectations.
We believe that healthy hair is happy hair and happy hair is good hair.


text:
Between the Zeppelin and the Doodle Bug
By Arthur Woodgate
On 16 October 1917, I was taken to the Lion Street School and settled in a class taught by a Miss Jordon. Miss Longley was the Headmistress and with a long wooden corridor she could be heard coming with loud creaks all over our infant school.
The girls had a different mistress and a proper terrorist she was. She had to go through our playground to get to her school and she always had a bike. We were told that we must always stand still when she came pushing her bike amongst us. If we didn't obey this we were severely told off. This lady could be bit spiteful.
Zeppelin Over Rye
No evacuating of schools in the First World War which started in 1914. I was 5 years old when I heard my first Zeppelin. We were at our desks when "mu-mu-m" drone. We stayed at our desks throughout the rest of the war, no lumbering us all off to Bedford. The classroom window faced Lion Street and a slight turn to my right and I could see the Town Hall and the North Door of Rye Parish Church. So we were sitting inside the middle of all that was important to our little town. The Zeppelin went passed over Rye and dropped some bombs at Rye Harbour, close to the Harbour House breaking all the windows as the stones flew up. No one was killed and none very badly injured. We were still were at our desks and heard the bombs explode.
When we were seven years old we were moved into a little school in Mermaid Street, which in later years became Rye Boys Club. So here we were in Mermaid Street where I spent the rest of my time at school and some of my time as a workman. My home and school at that time could be seen from each other so I could see if a monitor was on the school gate to report to the teachers if we were late and give the punishment for such. I never knew why the gate had to be watched as there was a door to the building just inside the gate. I supposes they had to do something like this to satisfy those pupils who loved ratting on those who should be friends and do more to defend them than rat.
It was here that that great teacher joined the Rye Team of School teachers. Herbert Sydney Allnut – he came to Rye from Winchester and we were his first class, some of us had him stay with us for the rest of his teaching time. He was a great asset to the town as well as the Schools. He was a great lover of sport. I don't understand football but he took hold of Rye Teams and combined them into the once mighty Rye United. He helped to convert the town's drainage tank where he taught many to swim, including me – not the ideal swimming pool but much better than nothing and it encouraged enthusiasm for swimming, a legacy that is now reflected in the fine pool at Rye Sports Centre that is enjoyed by so many in this community.
After the First War the Zeppelin terror weapons were developed into commercial airships and seen as a fast alternative to liners for long distance travel. In 1919 the R34 made the first double crossing of the Atlantic but the Germans with their Zeppelins were never far behind. The R100 built by Vickers, and the R101 built at the Royal Airship Works in Cardington were leading British designs in the airship race for supremacy. Construction of the R100 and R101 began in 1927.
The R100 was a conventional airship. Its first flight was on 17 December 1929. It was the fastest and finest rigid airship built in Britain. It left for Montreal, Canada on 29 July 1930. The outward and return journeys were equally successful. The R100 moored at Cardington on 16 August 1930 but events dictated it would never fly again. 56 days later on 5 October 1930, the R101 put an end to commercial flights in British airships when it crashed on it's twelfth flight at Beauvais in France, on route to India, and burst into flames with the loss of 48 lives.
The German interest in giant commercial Airships continued until 1937. It ended when the Hindenburg burst into flames as it came into land at Lakehurst, New Jersey. 36 people died in the conflagration.
The Regent Cinema was the main entertainment in Rye town between the war years. I helped build the original Regent. In the pre SecondWorld War years I spent quite a bit of time dealing with old houses of different periods. Slate roofs needed all sorts of tricks to keep the rain out Metallic tiles had been used as hanging tiles on many houses about town. They were difficult to get hold of, not many of these tiles were ever made, and when the war came production of them was ceased. But this cut no ice with the War Commission who ruled that these sort of tile were to be used where they had been before.
Tenterden had been another town to have used them so off to that Kent Town I went and interviewed a builder there. He had been lucky enough to find some and had them stacked in his yard but would not sell to me. I went to do a job in Watch Street found some laid flat on his garden for paths! He wouldn't let me talk him into parting with them – still no luck. I tried all sorts of contacts but nothing so in the end I got a bundle of batons and set them up a load of moulds to cast some. This worked but being thin, soon got brittle, they had to be a strong mix with some Cementone colouring and right gauge but, in the end I made plenty to fit in where I had them missing and if anyone even goes and looks now they won't pick out my home-made patches.
I was called up early in the War but was sent back to myprewar job, told to release my old staff and continue with new staff and later some prisoners of war – to carry on with the building an oast. Lots of prisoners were working with the same farmer but in a different department but close enough to sit down and eat our main meal together. Many were better educated than us, some could speak very good English. I got to know an Austrian quite well. We shared each others meal seats, a stack of bags of cement just inside an open shed. He asked me if I could talk to him about the establishment and running a domestic government because, he said, we are not going to put up with dictatorship when the world settles down to peace again and certainly not an Adolf Hitler. So, every dinner time I tried to give him an idea of how Parliament works in England.
Italian P.O.W s
Taken away from my Oast House for a while to build a farm office, I met up with another lot of prisoners of war, Italians this time. They were putting in land drains into very narrow trenches – they had their full field kitchen and their cooks. One of the kitchen staff fell down the steps while carrying a large saucepan of boiling water, I suspected a serious back injury – Fortunately one of my St. John Ambulance colleagues, Arthur Luck was working in the house. We didn't have much first aid equipment so we improvised. I started to dish out orders to an Italian who spoke English. First I need a farm wattle gate for a stretcher then a bundle of straw to form a mattress covered by some hop sacks. Then a couple of hop pockets for top blankets. It so happened I had some triangle bandages with me which I had been using for demonstration and practice so with collecting some short pieces of wood to push the bandages through and some longer pieces for splinting, were ready to move. The ambulance and doctor both arrived and the doctor tested this for unnatural movement and off we went to the Royal East Sussex Hospital. My straw packing and secure bandaging and packing looked a bit of a mess but I had to bring the nurses to book after which they gave us a cup of tea each and the Italian soldier was soon cleaned up and recovering. The Italian Commander sent me a thank you letter and their cooks invited my mates and I to share their main meals from their field kitchen.
Pictures from the Woodgate Collection
"Rye's Own" March 2015
All articles, photographs and drawings on this web site are World Copyright Protected. No reproduction for publication without prior arrangement.
Posted on 1st March 2015 3rd February 2017 Author Jim HollandsCategories World War, World War TwoTags Adolf Hitler, Beauvais, Italian Commander, Kent Town, Lakehurst, Metallic, Oast House, Royal Airship Works, Royal East Sussex Hospital, Rye Sports Centre, SecondWorld War, St John Ambulance, Tenterden, Zeppelin
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Financial services is changing. Traditionally seen as slow to adopt new technology, banking institutions across the world are now becoming key investors in blockchain and other fintechs. It's no different in the US, where communications in particular are being revolutionized. This is thanks, in part, to the proliferation of unified communications (UC).
How is UC helping to support the financial services industry?
"Long-term sustainable growth in the banking industry seems only possible with a radical departure from a sales-and product-obsessed mindset to one of genuine customer centricity, and further rationalization of strategies to target the right markets, customer segments, and solutions."
UC has long been seen as a key way to improve customer service in a number of industries. It has the ability to record all calls, enabling users to identify new areas for training. It also allows users to pull data, allowing for insight on network traffic patterns and behaviours.
After 2008's GFC, the US Government introduced the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act. This made it mandatory for all Securities and Exchanges Commission-registered financial institutions to record all their customer communications, across all transactions and media.
Mobile phones form part of this requirement, however mobile conversations can be much more difficult to record than emails and written media. Unified communications changes all this. It allows you to retrieve, reconstruct and report on the conversations your employees have over the phone and all other mediums, meaning you can comply easily with the Dodd-Frank regulations.
Cyberattacks against financial services are getting both more frequent and more elaborate. A PwC report lists cybersecurity as a key issue for banks in 2018, and has found that fraud incidents - both online and offline - against financial services institutions in the US, increased by more than 130 per cent during the past year.
NetFortris offers a range of UC security options, from specialised firewalls to threat analysis engines that can monitor all data from the firewall, antivirus, VPN, content filtering and traffic patterns in order to detect attempted attacks. UC means data is available to anyone you wish, without having to share it across the public internet. VPNs extends this security to mobile users as well.
To find out more about our UC solutions and how we're helping financial institutions across the US become more sustainable, contact a NetFortris representative today.


Islington Junior Middle School is a unique school which was established in 1832 and is the second oldest elementary school in Toronto. We are proud of our international character and the diversity of our students. Over 40 languages are spoken at Islington JMS. We strive to ensure that each learner has opportunities to develop as a positive, open-minded contributor to society in a welcoming environment with high expectations and academic excellence. We also provide opportunities for student leadership and service and work hard to promote equity, equality and understanding. At Islington we also combine our strong academic focus with an extensive extra-curricular program in music, drama, dance and sports.


text:
Q: Can't install libc6:i386 on Jammy Up-to-date amd64 Jammy installation.
% cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS \n \l

% dpkg --print-foreign-architectures
i386

% dpkg -l libc6
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version         Architecture Description
+++-==============-===============-============-=================================
ii  libc6:amd64    2.35-0ubuntu3.1 amd64        GNU C Library: Shared libraries
in  libc6:i386     <none>          i386         (no description available)

As far as I could understand, following prevents libc6:i386 installation:
% sudo dpkg -i libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_i386.deb
...
(Reading database ... 228990 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking libc6:i386 (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_i386.deb (--install):
 trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/doc/libc6/NEWS.Debian.gz', which is different from other instances of package libc6:i386
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libc6_2.35-0ubuntu3.1_i386.deb

Two questions:

*

*How do I revert in status of i386 package in dpkg? Having package half-installed makes system look untidy, that's quite sad;

*Is above a temporary bug in Ubuntu packaging? Do I submit a bug to Canonical? I don't want trying manual removal of offending NEWS.Debian file, as I don't want to risk system stability and who knows which further conflicts are there ...

As a PS, running ubuntu-bug libc6 eventually produces quite "funny" output:
% ubuntu-bug libc6

*** Collecting problem information

The collected information can be sent to the developers to improve the
application. This might take a few minutes.
.......

*** Problem in libc6

The problem cannot be reported:

This does not seem to be an official Ubuntu package.

A: Turned out, for some reason, my sources.list was missing jammy-updates section (it had both jammy and jammy-security sections).
After I've added
deb http://mirror/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted

and similar entries for universe/multiverse, I was able to install libc6:i386 via basic apt-get update/install way.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
910-491-0602 info@nccivilwarcenter.org
DHBA
Building The Museum Of The Future
Advisors/Directors
Gifts & Pledges
New History Observer
NCCWRHC receives $6.5 million painting…
by adminNCCivilaj43 | Jun 4, 2019 | News |
N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center receives $6.5 million painting, completes local funding requirement for $5 million state appropriation
For immediate release: June 4, 2019 (For a video of the painting donated to the N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center, please click HERE.
FAYETTEVILLE, NC – One of the largest paintings in the world, the "Battle of Gettysburg," with an estimated value of $6.5 million, has been donated to the N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center.
The donation completes a requirement handed down two years ago by the N.C. General Assembly, which promised a $5 million appropriation to the Center if it could raise $2.5 million in new donations by the end of June 2019.
The donation, which more than met the state's requirement, closed Friday, May 31, about a month ahead of the deadline. It brings the total amount raised for the Center to more than $30 million, with $5 million from the State of North Carolina and $7.5 million each raised from the City of Fayetteville and Cumberland County, respectively.
While certainly welcome as a donation, given that it fits with the Center's mission of telling stories of North Carolinians and given its value, there are no plans to restore it or put it on display.
"Our first – and only – priority is to successfully complete our plans to build a state-of-the-art history center and digital educational facility at Arsenal Park in Fayetteville," said Mac Healy, president of the board of directors for the Center's foundation.
For now, the painting, at 22 feet high, 376 feet long and weighing six tons, will be put into storage in a climate-controlled secure facility.
The painting, which is similar to a copy that is on display at the Gettysburg Museum and Visitors Center at the Gettysburg National Military Park in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, depicts Pickett's Charge – the final chapter of the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg.
More than 12,500 Confederate soldiers in nine infantry brigades charged the Union Army out in the open, coming under heavy Union artillery and rifle fire. It is known that 6,214 troops from North Carolina – the highest number of any state in the South – were killed, wounded or missing at the Battle of Gettysburg.
The decisive defeat ended Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's campaign in Pennsylvania and was seen by many as the war's turning point, foreshadowing the Confederate Army's surrenders at Appomattox and Bennett Place, near Durham.
Why a battle in Pennsylvania is a N.C. story
Gettysburg represented one part of the watershed year of 1863 in the Civil War for North Carolinians, both on the battlefield and back home.
Joseph T. Glatthaar, Ph.D., a professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, specializes in the Civil War and American military history. He wrote the book Soldiering in The Army of Northern Virginia: A Statistical Portrait of The Troops Who Served Under Robert E. Lee. Glatthaar pointed out that second only to Virginia, North Carolina sent the most troops to General Lee's army that spring and summer of 1863.
At Gettysburg, North Carolinians accounted for 46.4 percent of those killed, wounded or captured, and those killed in action numbered 1,782 more soldiers than the next highest state, a difference that constituted more losses than eight other states in the entire battle.
Interestingly, before Gettysburg, there was Chancellorsville, which saw nearly three in ten North Carolinians killed, wounded or captured, the highest percentage of any state. After Gettysburg, at the Battle of Bristoe Station, nearly all of the casualties in Lee's army were from North Carolina, which amounted to more than 10 percent of all of the North Carolina troops in the Army.
Glatthaar writes: "While it is difficult to determine with precision, a reasonable calculation over a five and a half month period, from late April to mid-October 1863, indicates seven of every ten North Carolinians who served in the Army of Northern Virginia were casualties. The impact of those losses in the most successful and visible Confederate field command on the North Carolina home front was devastating and coincided precisely with the rising disaffection in the state."
At the same time North Carolina faced devastating losses on the battlefields in Virginia, the largest and most aggressive peace movement in the Confederacy – the Peace Party – was gathering steam back home, according to the late Civil War historian William T. Auman.
Between July and September 1863, about 100 political rallies were held across North Carolina to protest Confederate rule and advocate for an end to the fighting. Raleigh newspaperman William W. Holden, who edited the North Carolina Standard, led the fight, printing accounts of its meetings and supporting it editorially.
The peace movement, wrote Auman, "emboldened deserters, draft dodgers and militant Unionists, hundreds of whom organized into bands in the Central Piedmont in the summer of 1863. By August, these armed bands roamed the central counties at will, defying both state and national authorities."
A brigade of Confederate troops commanded by Brig. Gen. Robert F. Hoke arrived in High Point in September 1863. Along with hundreds of troops from the Home Guard and militia groups activated by Gov. Zebulon B. Vance, the soldiers undertook a massive five-month-long campaign to capture deserters and draft dodgers and force them into the ranks. The campaign covered a wide swath of North Carolina from Wilkes County to Chatham County.
Historians say that the events of 1863, triggered in large part by the battles in Virginia, have had an effect on North Carolina to this day, which has given rise to stories handed down through the generations, stories that are now being collected by the N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center.
"What happened when the son, or the father, or the husband or the brother, didn't come home?" asked Healy. "What happened to the farm or the business? What happened to the town? How did it affect our families, our economy?"
The cyclorama in history
The Gettysburg cyclorama has its origins with French painter Paul Philippoteaux, who is best known for his work on the first Gettysburg cyclorama and on subsequent copies.
The story begins with a wealthy American clothier, Charles Willoughby, who commissioned the painter to paint the original Gettysburg cyclorama. Working with a team of up to 20 other artists, the cyclorama was unveiled in Chicago in December 1883, in a specially built cyclorama building.
The painting was a smash hit, so successful that Willoughby commissioned the artist to paint one for Boston, which he sold to a company there. Two other cities – Philadelphia and New York – had their own copies, which have been lost, destroyed or cut up into canvases of more manageable size.
Art appraisers say that there were some differences in the different versions, because veterans who were actually at Gettysburg during the battle said that in early versions, certain buildings weren't where Philippoteaux painted them, so he made changes.
The painting donated to the Center is the last known copy outside of Gettysburg to exist. It is not one of the four original cycloramas – Chicago, Boston, Philadelphia and New York – but it is significant that appraisers found it was clearly executed from the original Philippoteaux drawings.
Additionally, some of the same team of artists who painted the first four original cycloramas worked on parts of the Center's painting, because of the level of detail seen in the horses that were depicted. Based on the content revisions and other factors, the appraisers estimate that it was produced in about 1905.
More notably, the appraisers found that it is in better condition, unrestored, than the Boston version was before it was restored and used as the centerpiece at the Gettysburg museum.
A worthwhile donation
The painting that was donated to the N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center was owned by Emmett McConnell, a showman who showed cycloramas all over the world, who sold it to Winston-Salem art collector Joe King.
Published reports indicate that the painting was given its only showing in North Carolina, at a college football field, in 1965. The painting changed hands once more after King's death and Billy Ray Powell of Fuquay-Varina and two other collectors purchased it in 2007.
Winslow and Mary Lynn Bryan, vice president of the Center's board, were among a delegation from Fayetteville that visited and viewed the painting four years ago on the floor of a tobacco warehouse. It wasn't until recently that the Center was approached with an offer to donate the painting.
"It's a good asset for us to have," said Winslow. "But for now, that's what it is and that's all it is – an asset. Job one for us is getting the N.C. History & Reconstruction Center built as planned and promised."
Within its fundraising, the Center has always accepted items of value, including cash or credit card, stock, real estate or an artifact or other in-kind gift. In the case of the Gettysburg Cyclorama, negotiations between the Center and the owners resulted in the owners donating the painting at its highest and best use appraised value of $6.5 million, while retaining $250,000. The value of the donation to the Center is thus $6.25 million.
The painting, given its rarity, appraised value, and that it's Civil War-related, makes it an artifact that's appropriate for the Center to accept, Winslow said.
Decisions on the future of the Gettysburg Cyclorama, including its restoration, possible exhibition or sale to an investor, will be a decision for the future. Internal Revenue Service guidelines covering such donations to a non-profit require the Center to keep the painting for at least three years before selling it to a third party, such as a museum or collector.
"What we must do now is be good stewards over the Cyclorama, as we have been good stewards over all of the contributions that we've been fortunate enough to receive," said Winslow. "But our priority must be to keep the promises that we have made, build the center and give the state of North Carolina an educational institution that will help us understand who we are as North Carolinians and where we came from, so that we can move forward into the future and build a more perfect union."
About the N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center – In the planning stages for the past ten years, the Center's goal is to create a comprehensive portrait of North Carolina history that spans the Antebellum, Civil War and Reconstruction periods.
Using current interpretive technologies and anticipating trends that will be available at the time of its completion, the N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center planning committee envisions a state-of-the-art institution that embraces a historic site, a facility that conveys the significance of its historic charter and a digital dimension that extends its reach across North Carolina.
Part of its efforts have been to gather oral histories of people, places and events, told and retold down through the generations of what the state was like before, during and after the Civil War. The stories are still being sought, from women, children, the elderly, farmers and businessmen, Native Americans, African-Americans, the freed and enslaved and those of all faiths. Part will be peer-reviewed research from history professors within the University of North Carolina system, which will be used to write a curriculum covering the Civil War and reconstruction for the NC Department of Public Instruction, for use by schoolchildren. In North Carolina, the Civil War is taught in public schools to fourth and eighth grade students and included in U.S. history courses in the eleventh grade. Students and teachers from Manteo to Murphy will be able to access course materials online from the Center.
The Center's programming has already begun, with speakers, town halls and both archaeological and genealogical research. It helped an effort to find descendants of the U.S. Colored Troops, who were former slaves who joined Union Gen. William T. Sherman as he made his way through the Carolinas in 1865. The Center held a weeklong Educators Summer Seminar, which was in Wilmington in 2018. The Center has appeared at the annual meeting of the NC Council of the Social Studies to outline its plans for delivering lesson plans and other resources to schoolteachers.
About the facility: Ground was broken in April 2018 on the first phase of construction of the planned campus in Fayetteville, the present site of the Museum of the Cape Fear and the site of the Fayetteville Arsenal. The first phase, which involves rehabilitating three existing Civil War-era homes, including the John Davis House, which will be used as the headquarters for the Center's Digital Outreach Education program, is underway. Also planned on the grounds is a 60,000-square-foot building, which planners estimate will be built beginning in 2020.
If built as envisioned, the Center will cost $80 million. The building that will house the Center will replace the current Museum of the Cape Fear.
The arsenal itself was originally built by the U.S. government and at the beginning of the Civil War, was taken over for use by the Confederacy. It was used to produce weapons for the Confederate Army, until it and the Fayetteville Observer newspaper were destroyed by Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman during his Carolinas Campaign in March 1865.
Once complete, the Center will be owned and operated by the N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources as a branch of the N.C. Museum of History.
More information: For more information about the Center and to read the contributed stories of North Carolinians before, during and after the Civil War, please visit: http://nccivilwarcenter.org/.
The N.C. Civil War History Center Blog
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Public Hearings and Meetings
The North Carolina Civil War & Reconstruction History Center is not something we just dreamed up last year and decided to build. In fact, we have held numerous public hearings and meetings with public officials, etc. Click the links below to download a list of the public hearings, as well as a …Read More »
Prominent African American Scholars and Academics Advising the History Center
Prominent African American Scholars and Academics Advising the North Carolina Civil War & Reconstruction History Center: Dr. James Anderson, retired Chancellor and faculty, Fayetteville State University, member of our Board of Advisors Dr. Spencer Crew, former director of the Underground Railroad Museum, first African American director at the Smithsonian Museum …Read More »
You've got questions. We've got answers… Q.We don't like the name A: Change it. The N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center was chosen by the N.C. Civil War & Reconstruction History Center Foundation to refer to the proposed facility and programs that will be located in Arsenal Park …Read More »
The North Carolina Civil War History & Reconstruction Center is affiliated with the Museum of the Cape Fear Historical Complex, a branch of the North Carolina Division of History Museums, and will be located at the site of the remains of the Fayetteville Arsenal.
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