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Grosida 1
Assignment On Scope Of Pharmacognosy Ppt
Pharmacognosy, derived from the Greek words "pharmakon" (drug) and "gnosis" (knowledge), is probably the oldest modern science, and generally the study of crude drugs of plant and animal origin (in the form of tinctures, teas, poultices, powders, and other herbal formulations), and it incorporates authentication and quality control of such drugs, based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations of crude drugs. The term Pharmacognosy was first introduced by the Austrian physician Schmidt in 1811 and then in 1815 by Seydler in a work titled Analecta Pharmacognostica.
Like any other scientific area, since the introduction of Pharmacognosy some 200 years ago, it has evolved over the years, and now Pharmacognosy can be defined as the science of biogenic or naturally derived drugs, pharmaceuticals, and poisons, and it incorporates various modern analytical techniques to authenticate and quality control of crude drugs as well as purified active extracts, fractions, and components, and even medicinal foods. Drug use from medicinal plants has advanced from the formulation of crude drugs to the isolation, identification, and assessment of bioactivity of active compounds in drug discovery, and so has the subject of Pharmacognosy. The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines Pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources." Modern Pharmacognosy involves the broad study of natural products from various sources including plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms.
Pharmacognosy has always been a translational or multidisciplinary science, and during the evolution of the scope of this subject area, phytochemistry and phytochemical analysis have become integral parts of Pharmacognosy. Molecular biology has become essential to medicinal plant drug discovery through the determination and implementation of appropriate screening assays directed toward physiologically relevant molecular targets, and modern Pharmacognosy also encapsulates all these relevant new areas into a distinct interdisciplinary science.
The emphasis and focus of research in Pharmacognosy have changed significantly, from focusing on identification of drugs, including the isolation of active principles, and more recently, the investigation of biological activity. Research into ethnobotany, ethnomedicine, and ethnopharmacology has also become an important element in Pharmacognosy.
Pharmacognosy has played a pivotal role in the discovery and development of new drugs and therapies, and has been continuing to do so even today. It also formed the basis of the development of the subject "Pharmacy." However, it is rather unfortunate that Pharmacognosy is somewhat neglected nowadays as a major subject area within the modern Pharmacy curricula, especially in the West. For the sake of new hypes of modern medicine, one should not forget the usefulness traditional medicines based on plants. It has never been more important for any modern pharmacist to have proper knowledge about traditional medicines. One of the best examples of the usefulness of not neglecting indigenous herbal remedies is Artemisia annua (common name: qinghaosu), which has long been used in China for the treatment of intermittent fever or malaria. Extracts from this plant were studied in the West from the 1980s onward, resulting in the development of a new class of effective antimalarials, the artemisinins.
While the word Pharmacognosy may not be that visible in the Pharmacy curricula in the UK and USA, some of its contents are still present in various forms and names, e.g., drug discovery from natural products/medicinal plants, herbal therapy, phytotherapy, natural medicines, and phytopharmaceuticals. Despite all odds, the popularity and applications of Pharmacognosy are ever increasing in countries like Brazil, China, and India, the emerging giant economies where Pharmacognosy research has gained new momentum because of its proven potential in contributing billions of dollars to their economy. Historically, natural products discovered from medicinal plants and their derivatives have provided numerous clinically useful medicines. Despite the challenges facing drug discovery from medicinal plants, natural products isolated from medicinal plants will remain an essential component in the search for new drug candidates.
Current research in drug discovery from medicinal plants involves a multifaceted approach combining botanical, computational, phytochemical, biological, and molecular techniques. It is evident that drug discovery from medicinal plants continues to provide new and important leads against various pharmacological targets including cancer, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's, malaria, and pain. Several natural product drugs of plant origin have either recently been introduced or are currently involved in late-phase clinical trials.
Whether we like it or not, Pharmacognosy is not a subject of the past, but it has evolved and developed over the years to adapt itself with the changing environment, and is now fit to meet the challenges of the present and the future of drug discovery and development. Thus, the importance of Pharmacognosy in Pharmacy cannot be overemphasized. Pharmacognosy will remain to be a significant and an essential contributor to the knowledge and understanding of drugs and therapies, and thus should be an integral part of any meaningful academic Pharmacy programs world over.
Nature has provided all the needs of human including medicines for better health. It includes complete cure for almost all type of ailments of mankind. The knowledge and experience accumulated over thousands of years has given birth to today's modern medicine system. More than sixty percent of world population, directly or indirectly still uses natural products for their primary healthcare needs.
Pharmacognosy is systematic study of these crude drugs obtained from natural origin like plant, animal and minerals. Pharmacognosy can be defined as branch of science which involves detail study of drugs obtained from natural origin including name, habitat, collection, cultivation, macroscopy, microscopy, physical properties, chemical constituents, therapeutic actions, uses and adulterants. The word pharmacognosy is derived from two words, pharmakon means medicine (drug) and gignosco means to acquire knowledge of something.
Prof. John Schimidt coined the term pharmacognosy in his book Lehrbuch der Materia Medica. Earlier subject was known as 'Materia medica'. It includes systematic study of crude drugs from nature. Study of pharmacognosy includes the history, distribution, cultivation, collection, processing and preservation. It also includes the study of physical, chemical and structural characters and the safe uses of crude drugs. In short, pharmacognosy is study of drugs from natural origin. Drugs from natural origin can be obtained by plants, animals (terrestrial as well as marine) and minerals.
The word phytopharmaceutical is derived from Greek word 'phyton' means plant. Phytopharmaceuticals are drugs whose active constituents are exclusively plant based and are used in rational phytotherapy. Isolated plant constituents like taxol, morphine, quinine, digoxin, caffeine as well as drugs which are based on homoeopathic are not considered as phytopharmaceuticals.
History and development of pharmacognosy:
The history of pharmacognosy is as old as human existence. To know the future one should know the past. The word 'drug' is derived from Latin term Droog means dried, when dried plants were commonly used as medicine. Broadly, history of pharmacognosy can be classified into three major stages. First stage before eighteenth century, very few documents and recorded evidences are available showing use of natural products by human. Second stage involves nineteenth century, which is the time when basic subject has evolved. In this century, the name pharmacognosy came into practice. Initially the subject was more likely to descriptive botany of medicinal plants. But as the time progress, it changes the course and encompasses extraction, isolation and other advances techniques. In twentieth century, which may be considered as third stage of development, series of discoveries resulted in complete metamorphosis of the subject. From last two decades, pharmacognosy is studied in more systematic manner. As herbal wave continue to sweep the world, importance of natural product is at the pinnacle. People are expecting natural products to fit in modern framework. As a result of this there are series of new herbal formulations in the market.
The ancient Egyptians documented their knowledge about medicine on paper made from Cyperus aquaticus commonly called acquatic sage or papyrus. Papyrus Ebers (around 1500 BC), Papyrus, Edwin Smith Paprus, Kahun Medicak Papyrus are some of the oldest handbooks which contain information of illness and treatments. In ancient and clay tablets were used to document knowledge of drugs which are dating back to 3000 BC. Ancient , information about drugs was documented in several Ayurvedic texts which still exist. Apart from Atharvaveda there are several books like Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita, Astang Hridaya, Madhav Nidan and Bhava Prakash.
In eighteenth century, pharmacognosy was much closely related to botany. In old days, drugs from natural origin were used in crude form as powder or decoction. Later in nineteenth century, development in science has expanded arena of pharmacognosy. Now a day's pharmacognosy has become a kind of multidisciplinary subject which embarrasses phytochemistry, analytical pharmacognosy, pharmacotherapy, medicinal plant biotechnology, herbal formulations and nutraceuticals. Zoopharmacognosy is branch of pharmacognosy which involves observation of animal behavior for discovery and development of new drugs. Now a day's drug from natural origin are studied, formulated and regulated in the framework of modern medicine. More detailed record and history of medicine can be studied from the website of US National Library of medicine on following website www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/medieval/arabic.html
Scope of pharmacognosy:
Pharmacognosy is critical in development of different disciplines of science. A pharmacognosist should possess a sound knowledge of the terms used to describe the vegetable and animal drugs as covered under botany and zoology, respectively. The knowledge of plant taxonomy, plant breeding, plant pathology and plant genetics is helpful in the development of cultivation technology for medicinal and aromatic plants. Plant - chemistry (phytochemistry) has undergone significant development in recent years as a distinct discipline. It is concerned with the enormous variety of substances that are synthesized and accumulated by plants and the structural elucidation of these substances. Extraction, isolation, purification and characterization of phytochemicals from natural sources are important for advancement of medicine system. The knowledge of chemotaxonomy, biogenetic pathways for formation of medicinally active primary and secondary metabolites, plant tissue culture and other related fields is essential for complete understanding of Pharmacognosy. One should have the basic knowledge of biochemistry and chemical engineering is essential for development of collection, processing and storage technology of crude drugs.
Pharmacognosy is important branch of pharmacy which is playing key role in new drug discovery and development by using natural products. Pharmacognosy has given many leads for new drug discovery and development.
It is an important link between modern medicine systems (allopathy) and traditional system of medicine. It is part medicinal system which is affordable as well as accessible to common man. As part of integrative system of medicine, pharmacognosy can help to increase effectiveness of modern medicine system.
It is acting as bridge between pharmacology, medicinal chemistry and pharmacotherapeutics and also pharmaceutics. It also bridges pharmaceutics with other pharmacy subjects.
More than 60 percent of world population is still using natural product for their primary healthcare needs. Pharmacognosy can provide safe and effective drugs in combination with modern medicine system.
Pharmacognosy includes knowledge about safe use of herbal drugs including toxicity, side effects, drug interaction thereby increasing effectiveness of modern medicine.
Pharmacognosy is an important link between pharmacology and medicinal chemistry. As a result of rapid development of phytochemistry and pharmacological testing methods in recent years, new plant drugs are finding their way into medicine as purified phytochemicals, rather than in the form of traditional galenical preparations.
Pharmacognosy is the base for development of novel medicines. Most of the compounds obtained from natural product serve as prototype or base for development of new drug which are more active and less toxic.
By means of pharmacognosy, natural products can be dispensed, formulated and manufactured in dosage forms acceptable to modern system of medicine.
There are vast number of plant and animal species which are not studied systematically.
Development of pharmacognosy also leads to development of botany, taxonomy, plant biotechnology, plant genetics, plant pathology, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, phytochemistry and other branches of science.
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The SIXTH Annual Celebrate Champlain Area Trails Event is less than 2 weeks away and it promises to be another fabulous day. Please join us as we celebrate making trails and saving land in the Champlain Valley.
The event takes place on Saturday, June 6th from 4 – 7 PM at the Barn at Block House Farm in Essex, NY. The featured speaker will be Tony Goodwin, Adirondack Trail Pioneer, author of Adirondack Trail Guides, a founder of the Adirondack Ski Touring Council, and the Jackrabbit Trail. Tony is the executive director for the Keene-based Adirondack Trail Improvement Society, which shares CATS' goal of developing trails that link communities, connect people with nature, and promote economic vitality.
During the program, we offer a children's hike for all ages. After Tony's remarks and the kids' hike we will have a reception with delicious local food and drinks.
Everyone is welcome! Admission is $15 per person, $30 per family with pre-registration. At the door, the cost is $20 per person, $40 per family. You can reserve your space and buy your tickets by clicking here.
Join us for the morning hike from 8:45-11 am at Cheney Mountain that we co-host annually with the Moriah Chamber of Commerce. You can see three spectacular views after a short hike up the mountain. Directions are on the CATS map and our website.
Hope to see you on National Trails Day!


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Immanuel Degn
Immanuel Degn height - How tall is Immanuel Degn?
Immanuel Degn (Immanuel Christoph Degn) was born on 20 May, 1982 in Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria, is a Film director. At 39 years old, Immanuel Degn height is 5 ft 10 in (180.0 cm).
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Immanuel Degn Age 40 years old
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In 2005 he presented his vampire movie "Exhuminus Exum - Die Macht zwischen Leben und Tod" in the Metropol Multiplexx (Innsbruck). He shot the entire film with his colleagues from the acting school.
In 2001 at the age of 19 he started to go to an acting school and successfully finished four years later. Meanwhile he made his first movie called "Spiegel's Streichkleber" with his lifelong friend Roland Niederhuber and his acting couch Charlie Simon.
Immanuel Degn was born on May 20th, 1982 in Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria to Irene Degn (a teacher) and to Eckhart Degn (also a teacher and artist). So it was not so far off that Immanuel would also pursue to be an artist himself. At the age of 8 he got a JVC camera of his grandfather and started to film stuff in the garden and surroundings. Later on he made short films which he added in that camera, just putting take after take in the right order to have a finished short film right there on one tape. With the age of 15 he started a sculptor school just to realize months later, that he wanted to became a camera operator. But the audition at the company he wanted to work for failed and so he finished the sculptor school of 4 years. During those years of making art he discovered more and more his passion for acting, after being in some plays.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: WSTP simple function doesn't finish evaluating I'm new to WSTP so I tried to write a small c program, similar to one of the examples in the developerkit and tried to execute the functions in Mathematica. I'm using Ubuntu 16.04 64bit by the way.
I wrote a template file and compiled it using wscc. This is the .tm file:
#include "wstp.h"
double get P(( void));
void add P((double));
:Begin:
:Function:      add
:Pattern:       addNumber[$CurrentLink, n_Real ]
:Arguments:     { n }
:ArgumentTypes: { Real }
:ReturnType:    Manual
:End:
:Begin:
:Function:      get
:Pattern:       getSum[ $CurrentLink ]
:Arguments:     {  }
:ArgumentTypes: {  }
:ReturnType:    Real
:End:
double sum = 0;
int count = 0;
void add(n) double n;
{
    count++;
    sum += n*(count);
    return;
}
double get(void){
    return sum;
}
int main(argc, argv)
    int argc; char* argv[];
{
    return WSMain(argc, argv);
}

The code compiled without errors, but if I start the program in Mathematica using Install[] and try to execute addNumber[] with any Real value the evaluation never finishes and I'm not able to interrupt the evaluation using Abort. So I have to quit the Kernel.
So where is the problem evaluating this simple function? It is very similar to the one in the counter program in the example folder of the developertkit and that program worked fine.

A: After I removed $CurrentLink from the code and added WSPutSymbol(stdlink, "Null") to let the function return something to Mathematica, the program worked fine.
I don't know, why Wolfram used a declaraton style older than C99 in the example files, they ship with Mathematica, and I thought this would matter for some reason, but it didn't, so I could change the declaration style.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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UTIX is an online, decentralised blockchain event hosting and e-ticketing platform. The UTIX protocol eliminates the possibilities of counterfeit tickets being sold and also ensures that secondary pricing can be controlled as well.
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What are the value drivers behind UTIX token price?
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The UTIX offering commences October first of 2018. Following, the sales implementation teams will spread over 67 countries. In 2019, the team will manage the adaptation of the project to the requirements of national regulators.


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Eurodebate in Estonia: pros and contras in Estonian press
Paper presented at the joint seminar "Estonia and Finland in the process of eurointegration"
Laulasmaa, 6.-7. November 1998
Mait Talts
Institute for European Studies
Basic remarks
During the last couple of years Estonia's prospects concerning the perspectives of the EU accession have changed principally. In July 1997 Estonia became one of the candidate countries of the European Union, with whom the European Commission recommended to begin the accession negotiations. In December 1997 this decision was confirmed by EU Luxembourg summit and the formal accession negotiations began in April 1998. The new situation demanded also different level of the public debate about the consequences of Estonia's possible EU membership.
Discussions about possible joining with EU have started in Estonia quite recently. The first articles in Estonian press about the EU began to appear during the restoration of independence. These were mostly informative articles, which tried to avoid the question about Estonia's the possible future accession. EU was considered to be an important actor on the international arena, which impact was expected to grow after the collapse of Soviet Union.
The question about Estonia's possible EU membership appeared in Estonian press as early as 1992. At that time the Estonian government began to hold close political contacts with the European Union. During the next couple of years the question of joining the EU became one of the priorities of Estonian foreign policy. The characteristic feature of that time was the fact that the press debate was gone much ahead of the related informal discussion and the question about Estonia's possible EU membership wasn't the subject of public discussion yet. The ordinary people didn't acknowledge the whole importance of the issue.
This was mainly caused by the fact that Estonia had restored its independence quite recently and Estonia's public opinion wasn't very eager to discuss a problem concerning the possible loss of Estonia's regained sovereignty. Despite the fact that it would be the first time in history when such question would be asked. As public opinion polls indicate the biggest problem for Estonia is a great number of people still indifferent towards country's possible EU membership. The significant nu mber of people had preferred to stay neutral. On the other hand the problem wasn't either emotionally very gripping, like the question about Estonian independence was only couple of years earlier. It was difficult to remain neutral about the question of E stonia's independence. Only quite recently the ordinary people began to acknowledge the importance of the question and gradually Estonia's possible EU membership is becaming a subject of both journalistic and informal public debate.
During the last couple of years some politicians, intellectuals and lobbyists have been trying to influence the development of the public opinion in one or another way. The press, both printed and electronic media is widely used for thi s purpose. But the eurodebate has already become a subject of public informal discussion. According to the last so-called Central and Eastern Eurobarometer survey 11% of Estonians answered that they get main information about EU at their working places; t he other 11% from libraries and 9% indicated Internet as their main source of information about EU. This confirms once again the presumption that EU has become a subject of public discussion in Estonia. Recently were opened the pages of Estonian eurodebat e (http://www.euro.ee) and the Home of Estonian Euroscepticism (http://www.euroskepsis.ee) on the Internet.
In the ideal sense the eurodebate should be something resembling sophisticated marketing analysis. All the possible costs and benefits of the accession process must be revealed. Marketing specialists speak about so-called SWOT method, w hich tries simply to find out the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities and the threats of the particular project. The similar approach can be implemented in the case of European Union. Naturally, the euro-optimists stress on the strengths and oppo rtunities, eurosceptics on the weaknesses and threats, related with the accession perspectives.
From late 1996 the different political forces and some of informal lobby groups have done much to promote eurodebate. We can talk about the propaganda in favour and against Estonia's accession. In the beginning of 1997 we could even spe ak about Estonia's official europropaganda, because at the time many high rank governmental officers (such as the minister of foreign affairs Mr. Toomas Henrik Ilves, minister of European issues Mrs. Andra Veidemann, minister of finances Mr. Mart Opmann) expressed their euro-optimistic views in Estonian press. But this period remained quite short. The government seemed to realize this kind of europropaganda wouldn't be taken very seriously. Obviously they understood that it wouldn't be reasonable to overb urden people's minds with information before the referendum about European Union. At the same time some journalists and intellectuals began to manifest their positions generally favourable to the EU. Some of them can be classified as "unofficial" lobbyist s, e.g. a columnist of "Eesti Päevaleht" daily Enn Soosaar, who is known as a very close friend of President Meri. Hereafter there are expected more specialists participating in constructive eurodebate.
There is quite wide consensus among the main political parties about Estonia having no alternatives to the EU and their attitude is generally quite favourable to the EU. The only political force that manifests strong opposition to the E U is The Future Party (TEE), which gathered about 4% of the votes during the last parliamentary elections. But it is quite obvious that this political force tries to use the anti-EU sentiments for their efforts to get at least some seats in Estonian parli ament. In mentioned context, the anti-EU manifestation is an instrument for becoming visible on the political arena.
But on the other hand the Estonian eurosceptics are in fact quite heterogeneous group of people. Some of Estonian eurosceptics can be regarded mild sceptics. These are the intellectuals expressing their views periodically in newspapers. Being generally sceptical they don't see only the weaknesses and threats of the European project, but also some of the positive sides. Some of the mild sceptics (such as well-known writers Jaan Kaplinski and Tõnu Õnnepalu) have announced in public that they would personally vote even for Estonia's membership. The only reason why they keep expressing their negative views towards the EU is the widespread official euro-optimism, which deliberately leaves some aspects beyond the attention.
The Estonian media tries to hold neutral position in eurodebate. The newspapers prefer not to take sides in debate and offer their columns equally to the supporters and non-supporters of the Union. The only exception is business-daily " Äripäev", a newspaper whose editorial board has developed their own position towards EU, which coincides with the position of many Estonian businessmen and ordinary people. This position is directly neither euro-optimistic nor sceptical. Accordi ng to their view the certain time has to be given for Estonian economy to gain competitiveness. At the moment the joining would be premature, and this could be detrimental for Estonian economy and increase the social stress in Estonian society (e.g. expan d the income differences among Estonians). The process has been artificially speed up by Estonian politicians and civil servants who desire to get well-paid jobs in the European structures or at least finances from EU foundations. Ordinary people tend to think that the integration process is beneficial for only a limited number of high rank officials.
As the public opinion polls indicate the scepticism among the ordinary people is expected to grow as the price of Estonia's EU accession becomes clearer. This was the case in Finland during the pre-referendum period 1988 - 1994. At that time the number of "don't knows" gradually diminished and the number of those against the accession grew almost equally. This trend continued until the referendum and the Finnish public opinion became more favourable towards EU only after the accession t ook place in 1995.
In my opinion the eurodebate is not very profound yet, but it has become much more concrete, more practical and less emotional during the last couple of years. The debate is trying to weigh all the possible costs and benefits of the joi ning, not trying to stress too much on the mere advantages or mere disadvantages. Euro-optimists are more willing to see the disadvantageous side of the project, but they have a strong feeling that the benefits will simply outweigh the costs.
The position of some Estonian political leaders who claim that Estonia's EU membership cannot be debated does not actually promote the discussion about the costs and benefits of the EU accession. Some years ago President Lennart Meri ex pressed the thought that those who manifest the anti-EU feeling are actually against Estonia's state interests and are serving directly or indirectly the interests of Russia. Quite often the supporters of membership do not take the positions of the eurosc eptics very seriously.
The characteristic feature of Estonian EU discussion is first of all the deficiency of relevant and sufficient information concerning the EU, which leads to different kinds of speculations and stereotypes. Only quite recently the discus sion began to focus the main attention on the practical issues.
Pros and contras in Estonian eurodebate
Estonian euro-optimists stress naturally on the expected benefits of the membership. Among the positive expectations the most frequently mentioned are:
expected general economic growth
the improvement in the field of national security
changes in Estonia's social and regional policy
freedom of movement and settlement and the possibility to find work in other EU memberstates
the improvement in the position of non-citizens. The relations between the Estonians and the Russian living in Estonia are also expected to improve
improvement in Estonia's international status, especially regarding the relations with Russia
Estonia's final re-unification with Europe, often seen in the light of the theories by Samuel Huntington as the enlargement of Western civilization to its "natural" boundaries
As we can see, some of these arguments are in fact universal, i.e. these arguments can be equally used elsewhere, not only in Estonia's case. Some are quite specific. The economical expectations and the fact that EU is believed to facilitate the citizens' mobility are the universal arguments. The security issues have usually different weight for the people of the different countries. Security issues had different meaning for different Nordic countries during their eurodebate in 19 91-1994. Some analysts have pointed out that for Finnish people the question about EU membership was in principal a question about Finland's historical and cultural identity. For many of the Finns the question was quite simple: where does their country be long? Voting for the EU membership the Finn voted for their country's Western affiliation. Finland made an historical decision to be clearly and undoubtedly a part of the Western world. These considerations are even more relevant in Estonia's case.
One of the arguments is the assumption that in EU the major developments are predictable. European Union is believed to offer a cultural environment where the certain rules are to be followed. Even the notorious eurobureaucracy is claim ed to be not as big threat. Because of the widespread corruption among Estonian bureaucrats and their irreverent attitude some people consider "Eurocrats" even a better alternative compared to the local "Estocrats". At least there are some rules in Brusse ls and the "Eurocrats" don't have the same self-interests, as the local so-called "Estocrats" do have. Many people believe that there is a different political culture in EU, which prevents the most serious cases of the power abuse.
The most significant negative expectations related with Estonia's EU accession are the following:
diminishing of Estonia's sovereignty
growing bureaucracy and retardation of the decisionmaking process
growing prices and the taxes; unemployment
threat to the local Estonian cultural identity
social politics exceeding the possibilities of Estonia's economy
the disadvantageous demographic developments (expected immigrants from Southern Europe or outside EU; "braindrain")
threat to the Estonian agriculture
These arguments are not considered to be equally important. The loss of sovereignty is in principle also a universal argument used by the eurosceptics of the other countries as well. Estonian eurosceptics love to put emphasis on the pro blem of eurobureaucracy. The implications about "unimaginably" high salaries of the bureaucrats in Brussels are enough to generate dissatisfaction among ordinary people of Estonia.
Estonian eurosceptics try to convince that Estonia's EU accession wouldn't be economically as beneficial as it is believed. In fact it is quite complicated to predict what exactly is going to happen in Estonia's economy. On the one hand there are expectations of the further economic growth due to extra direct and indirect investments from the EU countries and developed non-EU countries (in this case Estonia would gain a role of the "gateway" to the EU inner market). Estonia is also expe cted to get aid from EU programmes for modernization of Estonia's economy and standardisation of its products.
Estonian eurosceptics have expressed the belief that EU membership will bring along the increasing unemployment (average unemployment is about 10% in EU countries, while in Estonia the official number is about 2-3%). The accession is al so feared to undermine Estonia's free trade agreements with third countries (e.g. the agreement with Ukraine). By entering EU inner market due to the rising custom barriers and other tariffs Estonia will lose the opportunities to buy cheap products and ra w materials from non-member countries.
Estonian euro-optimists emphasize quite seldom on the future developments in EU as well as on the similar regional developments in other parts of the world (e.g. South-East Asia, South-America etc.). The examples of other European count ries (both member and non-member states) are used more frequently. The eurosceptics imply on the experience of Norway or Switzerland, totally neglected the different economic and geo-political status of these countries, which makes it quite simple for eur o-optimists to overthrow these allegations.
The example of Ireland is widely used by Estonian euro-optimists to convince the people about advantages of European Union. There is no doubt that Ireland is a remarkable "story of success", but the euro-optimists have forgot one very s ignificant reason of Ireland's success - the language issue. This combined with the lower labour expenses of that time was one of the reasons why American computer manufactures transferred their production to Ireland in mid 1970-ies.
Many of the arguments used by Estonian eurosceptics are in fact "imported" from the eurosceptics of the West. One of the arguments is allegation that EU would be detrimental for Estonia's agriculture not considering that the situation i n Estonian agriculture differs substantially from the situation e. g. in Finland before EU accession. On the one hand it is clear that Estonian farmers will get free access to the EU inner market and the possibilities to get direct subsidies from EU budge t. But on the other hand the quality of Estonian agricultural products may not correspond to the EU requirements, which would restrict the access of Estonian agricultural goods to the market of other memberstates.
The liberal politicians and analysts from assumption that the accession would harm Estonian agriculture only if the integration process would be too rapid, without giving enough time for the agricultural sector to gain competitiveness. If the EU will not change its agricultural policy in the nearest future, the accession would rather be beneficial for Estonia's agriculture. But at the same time there has been expressed the fear that the accession of Poland will most certainly create dis balance in EU agricultural budget.
Some of the arguments used by Estonian eurosceptics are in fact strongly emotional, having thus great impact on the people. One of these "arguments" is widely used comparison of two unions - European Union and Soviet Union. "We have jus t left one Union, why should we join another..." this kind of expression is widely used. This quite "idiot-proof" conclusion "works" quite well in the context of Estonia, because of the deep roots in Estonian public consciousness.
Quite often the Estonian eurosceptics and the sceptically minded journalists imply on some stupid cases or on the cases presented as stupid cases. This was very much true in the infamous case with wooden brushes used in Estonian farms, which the specialists from European Union demanded to change with the plastic ones.
Social issues are one of the obstacles hindering Estonia's integration into the European Union. In this respect Estonia is far from being ready for accession. There has been expressed even a fear that the adoption of EU social programme s will exceed the possibilities of Estonian economy. Estonia has to solve many social and economical problems before the country is able to join the Union.
In conclusion I have to admit that there is a need for a more constructive discussion in Estonian press. Only profoundly analysed arguments are worth to be used before the nation is going to vote about their joining the European Union. Emotional approach in these issues may lead to undesirable future of the country.
Estonia boulevard 7
Telephone: +372-6454187, +372-6454926
E-mail: talts@iiss.ee
http://gaia.gi.ee/ies


text:
Movie Review: The Courier (2020)
The 1960s. A time of new fashions, innovative music and escalating tensions. In both glamorous opera houses and drab subways, business opportunities intermingled with the Cold War. As world leaders like John F. Kennedy and Nikita Krushchev made grand speeches that could promise destruction or peace, depending on the mood of the time, the covert…
Movie Review: Promising Young Woman (2020)
Early in Emerald Fennell's biting and insightful Promising Young Woman, protagonist Cassie (Carey Mulligan, "Suffragette") is catcalled by a group of workmen. It is a depressingly common scenario — a woman subjected to sexual objectification, for little reason other than men want to and can. But writer-director Fennell and star Mulligan strike a pose in…
Movie Review: The Nest (2020)
Dan Franzen
Jude Law ("Captain Marvel") plays an "entrepreneur" who moves his American family back to his home country of England so he can work for his old company in, The Nest, a deathly slog of a movie directed by Sean Durkin. This movie is so slow moving it practically runs in reverse, with an almost phobic…
Movie Review: Wonderstruck (2017)
Doug Hennessy
I'll start my review for Wonderstruck like this: If Wonderstruck doesn't get a nomination for best picture this year then something is horribly wrong. It's hard to imagine — and I haven't yet seen — another 2017 film that equals or tops it. Todd Haynes, a director known for bringing queer cinema to the mainstream…
Movie Review: Beatriz at Dinner (2017)
One per-centers are taking it on the chin at the movies these days with recent releases like "The Founder" and "Get Out," and now the latest cinematic smack out of Sundance, Beatriz at Dinner, a sly and telling exposé of class in America as seen through the eyes of a Mexican immigrant woman named Beatriz…
Movie Review: The Big Sick (2017)
Howard Schumann
The chasm between what parents want for their children and what kids want for themselves is rarely addressed in films, especially in romantic comedies where the focus is primarily on young couples falling in and out of love and then back in again. Of course, we know that parents are usually involved, especially immigrant families…
Movie Review: Song to Song (2017)
Observing, feeling, thinking, day dreaming, or simply throwing up your hands in exasperation. You may be engaged in all or none of the above when watching Terrence Malick's ("Knight of Cups") Song to Song, a dreamlike exploration of love and betrayal. Whatever does come up for you, however, and whether or not you have any…
Movie Review: His House (2020)
Movie Review: Gran Torino (2008)
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The waters are roiled in a small New England university whilst a part-time professor takes up together with her educating assistant. In succinct, frequently somberly appealing language, Brookhouse (Running Out, etc.) writes a few breast melanoma survivor, Caroline, and her yearlong courting with Gabe, a miles more youthful guy. Caroline, an accessory English professor at a small university, has simply recovered from a mastectomy while Gabe is assigned to be her assistant.
Good looks is just like the evening, fleeting and difficult to carry, a fact the forbidding Lord Treyhern is ready to find. enable the opulence of Liz Carlyle's prose immerse you within the great thing about England whereas plunging you into the midst of the outrageous Rutledge relatives, the place scandal is served up like a soup path and hazardous secrets and techniques are in all places.
Set in 13th-century Norway, The Axe is the 1st quantity in Undset's epic tetralogy, The grasp of Hestviken. In it, we meet Olav Audunsson and Ingunn Steinfinnsdatter, who have been betrothed as kids and raised as brother and sister. within the heedlessness of sweet sixteen, they develop into fans, unaware that their ardor will forge the 1st hyperlink in a sequence of homicide, exile, and shame.
As a baby, Sarah Knowles used to be haunted by way of desires and visions that made her a social oddity, and estranged her from the fashionable North Carolina relations to which she belonged. Hoping to flee the discomfort of her prior, and the goals that haunted her, Sarah left her small city and made a reputation for herself within the musical global as a well known violinist.


Love Every Drop is our campaign to bring us all together to put water at the heart of a new way of sustainable living.
Love Every Drop is about helping people understand the realities of water use and climate change, where more people and even less rain could make filling the kettle and doing the washing a challenge for everyone.
We're proud of our record as one of the top water companies in the UK and we're doing our best to meet the challenge head on. It's about acting today, while thinking 25 years ahead. We need to find the solutions that will keep the taps running and our customers satisfied.
So it's about us encouraging people to realise just how precious water really is. To do that we're working with everyone who influences water use in our region - housing developers, retailers, manufacturers, government and customers. We want to learn as much as we can from each other about thinking in new ways to supply and use water in sustainable ways.
Find out what we can all do to Love Every Drop on Anglian Water's website.


In October 2018, Prof. Cesare Soci has been elected a 2019 OSA Fellow Member for his significant contributions to the advancement of optics and photonics.
In August 2018, Prof. Nikolay Zheludev has been awarded the Nanyang Research Award - the highest recognition to individuals or teams who have made outstanding contributions in extending the frontiers of knowledge.
Prof. Weibo Gao was honoured with the MIT Technology Review Innovator under 35, Asia Pacific by the MIT Technology Review Magazine in January.


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text:
Six year high for London Stock Exchange IPOs
London Stock Exchange raises most IPO funding since 2007, marking a strong year for LSEG Capital Markets
LSEG delivers streamlined and faster FX OTC trade clearing with launch of FXall connectivity to LCH ForexClear
LSEG opens up digital global gateway for investor community
LCH SA and Euronext N.V.
The London Stock Exchange introduces new climate reporting guidance for issuers
LSEG backs TPI Global Climate Transition Centre to dramatically scale climate assessments of companies
LSEG Announces Further Investments in Global FX Business
UK lists its £10bn inaugural green gilt on the London Stock Exchange
LSEG launches dedicated sustainable finance innovation unit in Singapore
London Stock Exchange Group plc: H1 2021 Interim Results
David Harris appointed to lead Sustainable Finance product team
London Stock Exchange Group Directorate Changes
Varrlyn becomes 15th member of UnaVista's Consulting Partner Programme
LSEG to complete divestment of Borsa Italiana Group to Euronext
LSEG becomes a Business Ambition 1.5° signatory - joins Race to Zero
LSEG All Share Acquisition of Refinitiv Transaction. Completion and Admission to Trading
LSEG All Share Acquisition of Refinitiv – Expected Completion Date
LSEG All Share Acquisition of Refinitiv – European Commission Approval
Balbir Bakhshi to join LSEG as Chief Risk Officer
LSEG announces new CEO of London Stock Exchange plc
London Stock Exchange Group plc ("LSEG plc") Directorate changes & outcome of Euronext vote
Results of LSEG General Meeting
UPDATE RE CIRCULAR AND GENERAL MEETING
Proposed Divestment of the Borsa Italiana Group to Euronext N.V. for €4.325 billion
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE GROUP PLC INTERIM RESULTS FOR THE 6 MONTHS ENDED 30 JUNE 2020
Update on the European Commission Review Related to the Planned All Share Acquisition of Refinitiv
Shanghai-London Stock Connect welcomes China Pacific Insurance (Group) Co., Ltd.
MTS expands access to Mexican bond markets through BondsPro
MTS launches new unsecured money market trading platform, MTS Depo
105 IPOs raise a total £15.7 billion in 2013
62 AIM IPOs raise £1.1 billion
Strongest year for technology IPOs since 2007, 36 firms raise £1 billion
London Stock Exchange this year welcomed 105 new companies to its markets, a record number since 2007 and a clear sign that confidence is returning to the UK and global IPO market. The total capital raised was £15.7 billion through 43 Main Market listings and 62 AIM IPOs.
Key statistics:
Royal Mail Group was the largest European IPO of the year, raising £1.7 billion
Other household names listing included Merlin Entertainments - the owners of Madame Tussauds - Foxtons and Bon Marche
Tinkoff Credit Systems was the largest international IPO of the year raising £1.08 billion and was joined by other international companies including Al Noor Hospitals and Stock Spirits Group
36 technology IPOs on London Stock Exchange in 2013 raising £1.00 billion – the highest number and value seen since 2007
14 private equity backed companies floated on London Stock Exchange markets this year – the most since 2007
Xavier Rolet, CEO, London Stock Exchange Group, said:
"2013 has been an exciting and positive year for the IPO market. We have seen a very healthy mix of UK and international companies using the London market as a platform for future growth. London continues to be the world's pre-eminent venue for international institutional investor capital and, high profile IPOs have helped reawaken the strong retail investor appetite for equity investment."
"We have been particularly pleased to see the number of tech companies using AIM, raising over £350m in the process. This is confirmation that high growth companies, as well as their backers in the private equity and VC communities, are recognising the exceptional power of equity in driving growth."
Ed Clark +44 (0)20 7797 1222
newsroom@lseg.com
About London Stock Exchange Group:
London Stock Exchange Group (LSE.L) is a diversified international exchange Group that sits at the heart of the world's financial community. The Group can trace its history back to 1801.
The Group operates a broad range of international equity, bond and derivatives markets, including London Stock Exchange; Borsa Italiana; MTS, Europe's leading fixed income market; and the pan-European equities platform, Turquoise. Through its markets, the Group offers international business, and investors, unrivalled access to Europe's capital markets.
Post trade and risk management services are a significant and growing part of the Group's business operations. LSEG operates CC&G, the Rome headquartered CCP and Monte Titoli, the significant European settlement business, selected as a first wave T2S participant. The Group is also a majority owner of leading multi-asset global CCP, LCH.Clearnet.
The Group offers its customers an extensive range of real-time and reference data products, including Sedol, UnaVista, Proquote and RNS. FTSE calculates thousands of unique indices that measure and benchmark markets and asset classes in more than 80 countries around the world.
London Stock Exchange Group is also a leading developer of high performance trading platforms and capital markets software. In addition to the Group's own markets, over 30 other organisations and exchanges around the world use the Group's MillenniumIT trading, surveillance and post trade technology.
Headquartered in London, United Kingdom with significant operations in Italy, France, North America and Sri Lanka, the Group employs approximately 2,800 people.
Further information on London Stock Exchange Group can be found at: www.lseg.com


text:
Q: Combine multiple ggpredict plots in one I build a model with the lmer-fuction (m1). Now I want to plot the predicting values. I used this code:
p1 <- ggpredict(m1, "variable1")
p2 <- ggpredict(m1, "variable2")
p3 <- ggpredict(m1, "variable3")

With plot(p1) I would get the single plot as output. But I want that all three plots are visualized in one. Is there a way to overlay/combine them?

A: We can use patchwork to arrange multiple plots
library(patchwork)
p1|p2|p3


text:
Dryopteris borbasii är en träjonväxtart som beskrevs av Litard. Dryopteris borbasii ingår i släktet Dryopteris och familjen Dryopteridaceae. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Kärlväxter
borbasii

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hand is markedly better, another thing to be grateful for. I arrived at the visitor center, after eating to oblivion in Grants, 8 minutes before the Monsoon hit. the timing was literally mystical. the rain came down like it's written in The Old Testament, so I talked with Mickey who is 70 years old and is a volunteer there. Another moment that I couldn't have planned the timing if I tried. an hour later I pushed on...yeah, you guessed it, guess what fell out of the sky? But it wasn't for long and I found a place off the road to put up for the night. It was in a canyon of sorts which was pretty cool, not to mention a meadow of wildflowers near a gully, even if I wasn't supposed to be camping there.


Iowa State University currently offers two opportunities to obtain funding specifically for sustainable projects and initiatives on campus. These green funding avenues are available to both ISU students (Green Initiatives Fund) and ISU faculty and staff members (Live Green! Revolving Loan Fund). Application guidelines are available for both funding opportunities year-round. Be sure to check out previously-funded projects that have promoted all facets of sustainability at Iowa State!


text:
Notice of Publication of FAQs Related to RFA-HG-07-014: Epidemiologic Investigation of Putative Causal Genetic Variants—Study Investigators (U01)
Notice Number: NOT-HG-08-001
Receipt Date: November 19, 2007 (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HG-07-014.html)
National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) (https://www.genome.gov )
National Cancer Institute (NCI) (http://www.nci.nih.gov)
On August 9, 2007, the National Human Genome Research Institute and the National Cancer Institute, on behalf of the National Institutes of Health, issued the following Request for Applications (RFA):RFA-HG-07-014: Epidemiologic Investigation of Putative Causal Genetic Variants—Study Investigators (U01) http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HG-07-014.html
As a result of discussions with potential applicants, a list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) has been developed for those responding to RFA-HG-07-014. Potential applicants responding to RFA-HG-07-015, Epidemiologic Investigation of Putative Causal Genetic Variants—Coordinating Center (U01), (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HG-07-015.html) may also benefit from reviewing the FAQs.
The FAQs for RFA-HG-07-014 can be found at: http://www.genome.gov/26023178. This information may be updated periodically without additional notice.
Specific questions about this Notice should be directed to:
Erin Ramos, Ph.D., M.P.H.
National Human Genome Research Institute
Suite 4076, MSC 9305
Bethesda, MD 20892-9305 (U.S. Postal Service Express or regular mail
Rockville, MD 20852 (express/courier service; non-USPS service)
Email: ramoser@mail.nih.gov


In this how-to article we'll go step by step to send all Dome9 events into the Sumo Logic service.
This integration is based on the generic Dome9->AWS SNS integration, with an extra step of forwarding the events from SNS into Sumo. All of the integration components are 100% hosted - so no script needed to be run / maintained by the end user.
You'll need to have access to Dome9, AWS and Sumo logic consoles.
It should take 5-10 minutes.
Connect your Dome9 events feed into SNS. The process is fully described here.
Type:HTTP Name: Dome SNS (or whatever) Check: Advanced->Enable 'One Message Per Request' Save.
Copy the HTTP source address presented in the popup.
Click Subscribe. Now, SNS will send a confirmation message to Sumo.
Expand this message and copy the SubscribeURL field.
Verify in AWS SNS console that the new subscription status was changed from 'pending' state and now have a valid subscription ID.
That's it, from now on every Dome9 Audit event will be visible on your Sumo account. Time to create alerts, reports and dashboards. Happy Sumo'ing.


text:
package io.reactivex.internal.operators.flowable;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

import org.junit.*;
import org.reactivestreams.*;

import io.reactivex.*;
import io.reactivex.exceptions.TestException;
import io.reactivex.functions.*;
import io.reactivex.internal.functions.Functions;
import io.reactivex.internal.subscriptions.BooleanSubscription;
import io.reactivex.processors.*;
import io.reactivex.schedulers.TestScheduler;
import io.reactivex.subscribers.*;

public class FlowableWindowWithStartEndFlowableTest {

    private TestScheduler scheduler;
    private Scheduler.Worker innerScheduler;

    @Before
    public void before() {
        scheduler = new TestScheduler();
        innerScheduler = scheduler.createWorker();
    }

    @Test
    public void testFlowableBasedOpenerAndCloser() {
        final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        final List<List<String>> lists = new ArrayList<List<String>>();

        Flowable<String> source = Flowable.unsafeCreate(new Publisher<String>() {
            @Override
            public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super String> observer) {
                observer.onSubscribe(new BooleanSubscription());
                push(observer, "one", 10);
                push(observer, "two", 60);
                push(observer, "three", 110);
                push(observer, "four", 160);
                push(observer, "five", 210);
                complete(observer, 500);
            }
        });

        Flowable<Object> openings = Flowable.unsafeCreate(new Publisher<Object>() {
            @Override
            public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super Object> observer) {
                observer.onSubscribe(new BooleanSubscription());
                push(observer, new Object(), 50);
                push(observer, new Object(), 200);
                complete(observer, 250);
            }
        });

        Function<Object, Flowable<Object>> closer = new Function<Object, Flowable<Object>>() {
            @Override
            public Flowable<Object> apply(Object opening) {
                return Flowable.unsafeCreate(new Publisher<Object>() {
                    @Override
                    public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super Object> observer) {
                        observer.onSubscribe(new BooleanSubscription());
                        push(observer, new Object(), 100);
                        complete(observer, 101);
                    }
                });
            }
        };

        Flowable<Flowable<String>> windowed = source.window(openings, closer);
        windowed.subscribe(observeWindow(list, lists));

        scheduler.advanceTimeTo(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        assertEquals(2, lists.size());
        assertEquals(lists.get(0), list("two", "three"));
        assertEquals(lists.get(1), list("five"));
    }

    @Test
    public void testFlowableBasedCloser() {
        final List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        final List<List<String>> lists = new ArrayList<List<String>>();

        Flowable<String> source = Flowable.unsafeCreate(new Publisher<String>() {
            @Override
            public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super String> observer) {
                observer.onSubscribe(new BooleanSubscription());
                push(observer, "one", 10);
                push(observer, "two", 60);
                push(observer, "three", 110);
                push(observer, "four", 160);
                push(observer, "five", 210);
                complete(observer, 250);
            }
        });

        Callable<Flowable<Object>> closer = new Callable<Flowable<Object>>() {
            int calls;
            @Override
            public Flowable<Object> call() {
                return Flowable.unsafeCreate(new Publisher<Object>() {
                    @Override
                    public void subscribe(Subscriber<? super Object> observer) {
                        observer.onSubscribe(new BooleanSubscription());
                        int c = calls++;
                        if (c == 0) {
                            push(observer, new Object(), 100);
                        } else
                        if (c == 1) {
                            push(observer, new Object(), 100);
                        } else {
                            complete(observer, 101);
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
        };

        Flowable<Flowable<String>> windowed = source.window(closer);
        windowed.subscribe(observeWindow(list, lists));

        scheduler.advanceTimeTo(500, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        assertEquals(3, lists.size());
        assertEquals(lists.get(0), list("one", "two"));
        assertEquals(lists.get(1), list("three", "four"));
        assertEquals(lists.get(2), list("five"));
    }

    private List<String> list(String... args) {
        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (String arg : args) {
            list.add(arg);
        }
        return list;
    }

    private <T> void push(final Subscriber<T> observer, final T value, int delay) {
        innerScheduler.schedule(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                observer.onNext(value);
            }
        }, delay, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }

    private void complete(final Subscriber<?> observer, int delay) {
        innerScheduler.schedule(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                observer.onComplete();
            }
        }, delay, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    }

    private Consumer<Flowable<String>> observeWindow(final List<String> list, final List<List<String>> lists) {
        return new Consumer<Flowable<String>>() {
            @Override
            public void accept(Flowable<String> stringFlowable) {
                stringFlowable.subscribe(new DefaultSubscriber<String>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onComplete() {
                        lists.add(new ArrayList<String>(list));
                        list.clear();
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onError(Throwable e) {
                        fail(e.getMessage());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onNext(String args) {
                        list.add(args);
                    }
                });
            }
        };
    }

    @Test
    public void testNoUnsubscribeAndNoLeak() {
        PublishProcessor<Integer> source = PublishProcessor.create();

        PublishProcessor<Integer> open = PublishProcessor.create();
        final PublishProcessor<Integer> close = PublishProcessor.create();

        TestSubscriber<Flowable<Integer>> ts = new TestSubscriber<Flowable<Integer>>();

        source.window(open, new Function<Integer, Flowable<Integer>>() {
            @Override
            public Flowable<Integer> apply(Integer t) {
                return close;
            }
        }).subscribe(ts);

        open.onNext(1);
        source.onNext(1);

        assertTrue(open.hasSubscribers());
        assertTrue(close.hasSubscribers());

        close.onNext(1);

        assertFalse(close.hasSubscribers());

        source.onComplete();

        ts.assertComplete();
        ts.assertNoErrors();
        ts.assertValueCount(1);

        assertFalse(ts.isCancelled());
        assertFalse(open.hasSubscribers());
        assertFalse(close.hasSubscribers());
    }

    @Test
    public void testUnsubscribeAll() {
        PublishProcessor<Integer> source = PublishProcessor.create();

        PublishProcessor<Integer> open = PublishProcessor.create();
        final PublishProcessor<Integer> close = PublishProcessor.create();

        TestSubscriber<Flowable<Integer>> ts = new TestSubscriber<Flowable<Integer>>();

        source.window(open, new Function<Integer, Flowable<Integer>>() {
            @Override
            public Flowable<Integer> apply(Integer t) {
                return close;
            }
        }).subscribe(ts);

        open.onNext(1);

        assertTrue(open.hasSubscribers());
        assertTrue(close.hasSubscribers());

        ts.dispose();

        // FIXME subject has subscribers because of the open window
        assertTrue(open.hasSubscribers());
        // FIXME subject has subscribers because of the open window
        assertTrue(close.hasSubscribers());
    }

    @Test
    public void dispose() {
        TestHelper.checkDisposed(Flowable.just(1).window(Flowable.just(2), Functions.justFunction(Flowable.never())));
    }

    @Test
    public void reentrant() {
        final FlowableProcessor<Integer> ps = PublishProcessor.<Integer>create();

        TestSubscriber<Integer> to = new TestSubscriber<Integer>() {
            @Override
            public void onNext(Integer t) {
                super.onNext(t);
                if (t == 1) {
                    ps.onNext(2);
                    ps.onComplete();
                }
            }
        };

        ps.window(BehaviorProcessor.createDefault(1), Functions.justFunction(Flowable.never()))
        .flatMap(new Function<Flowable<Integer>, Flowable<Integer>>() {
            @Override
            public Flowable<Integer> apply(Flowable<Integer> v) throws Exception {
                return v;
            }
        })
        .subscribe(to);

        ps.onNext(1);

        to
        .awaitDone(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .assertResult(1, 2);
    }

    @Test
    public void badSourceCallable() {
        TestHelper.checkBadSourceFlowable(new Function<Flowable<Object>, Object>() {
            @Override
            public Object apply(Flowable<Object> o) throws Exception {
                return o.window(Flowable.just(1), Functions.justFunction(Flowable.never()));
            }
        }, false, 1, 1, (Object[])null);
    }

    @Test
    public void boundarySelectorNormal() {
        PublishProcessor<Integer> source = PublishProcessor.create();
        PublishProcessor<Integer> start = PublishProcessor.create();
        final PublishProcessor<Integer> end = PublishProcessor.create();

        TestSubscriber<Integer> to = source.window(start, new Function<Integer, Flowable<Integer>>() {
            @Override
            public Flowable<Integer> apply(Integer v) throws Exception {
                return end;
            }
        })
        .flatMap(Functions.<Flowable<Integer>>identity())
        .test();

        start.onNext(0);

        source.onNext(1);
        source.onNext(2);
        source.onNext(3);
        source.onNext(4);

        start.onNext(1);

        source.onNext(5);
        source.onNext(6);

        end.onNext(1);

        start.onNext(2);

        TestHelper.emit(source, 7, 8);

        to.assertResult(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 8);
    }

    @Test
    public void startError() {
        PublishProcessor<Integer> source = PublishProcessor.create();
        PublishProcessor<Integer> start = PublishProcessor.create();
        final PublishProcessor<Integer> end = PublishProcessor.create();

        TestSubscriber<Integer> to = source.window(start, new Function<Integer, Flowable<Integer>>() {
            @Override
            public Flowable<Integer> apply(Integer v) throws Exception {
                return end;
            }
        })
        .flatMap(Functions.<Flowable<Integer>>identity())
        .test();

        start.onError(new TestException());

        to.assertFailure(TestException.class);

        assertFalse("Source has observers!", source.hasSubscribers());
        assertFalse("Start has observers!", start.hasSubscribers());
        assertFalse("End has observers!", end.hasSubscribers());
    }

    @Test
    public void endError() {
        PublishProcessor<Integer> source = PublishProcessor.create();
        PublishProcessor<Integer> start = PublishProcessor.create();
        final PublishProcessor<Integer> end = PublishProcessor.create();

        TestSubscriber<Integer> to = source.window(start, new Function<Integer, Flowable<Integer>>() {
            @Override
            public Flowable<Integer> apply(Integer v) throws Exception {
                return end;
            }
        })
        .flatMap(Functions.<Flowable<Integer>>identity())
        .test();

        start.onNext(1);
        end.onError(new TestException());

        to.assertFailure(TestException.class);

        assertFalse("Source has observers!", source.hasSubscribers());
        assertFalse("Start has observers!", start.hasSubscribers());
        assertFalse("End has observers!", end.hasSubscribers());
    }

    @Test
    public void mainError() {
        Flowable.<Integer>error(new TestException())
        .window(Flowable.never(), Functions.justFunction(Flowable.just(1)))
        .flatMap(Functions.<Flowable<Integer>>identity())
        .test()
        .assertFailure(TestException.class);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Desert of Vice - a horror text adventure game. Solve the mystery of an isolated town in the middle of a desert in this new Lovecraftian adventure game! Type the desired command and see the action come to life!
Tailor made soundtrack by @cesque.
Inspired by the works of Franz Kafka and H.P. Lovecraft.


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text:
Online on-demand viewing grows in UK
3rd February 2016 @ 12:40
Three quarters of UK adults have viewed an online video-on-demand service in the last 12 months, with catch-up TV being the most popular category, according to research by Ofcom.
According to the regulator's On-demand and Online Research: Consumption and Concerns report, 74% of adults accessed an online service, up from 71% last year, with 96% of 16-24 year-olds accessing such a service, a proportion that falls to 35% in the over-65 age group. The majority of the latter group – 80% – that use online on-demand services view catch-up TV, with 24% using free on-demand services offered by TV subscription services.
TV catch-up services are watched by 57% of all UK adults. Short-form content posted on social networking sites is watched by 51% and YouTube by 45%, making these next most commonly-viewed types of content.
Social networking-based video is viewed more frequently, however. Thirty per cent of on-demand users claim to look at content on social networking sites every day, while 57% do so at least once a week. This compares with 52% who watch catch-up TV with the same frequency.
According to Ofcom, 28% of teenagers who viewed online on-demand video expressed concern about what they had seen online, up from16% in 2014. The proportion of UK adults expressing concern about something they have seenon such a service has remained stable at 12%. Among the younger age group, bullying or victimization is a key concern, followed by bad language, violence and cruelty to animals.
Ofcom is now wholly responsible for the regulation of 'TV like' on-demand services in the UK, following its decision last year to take over the responsibilities of co-regulator ATVOD.
Tags: Ofcom, on-demand, video-on-demand, VOD
'Lethargic' pay TV growth in India as OTT continues to flourish
Telefónica renews ACB deal
US to continue impressive SVOD growth despite market maturity
Amino upcycles Pontis STBs to integrate Colsecor's new OTT SENSA


text:
Efficacy of cefuroxime axetil suspension compared with that of penicillin V suspension in children with group A streptococcal pharyngitis.
W M Gooch, 3rd, S E McLinn, G H Aronovitz, M E Pichichero, A Kumar, E L Kaplan, M J Ossi
W M Gooch
Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113-1100.
S E McLinn
G H Aronovitz
M E Pichichero
A Kumar
E L Kaplan
M J Ossi
The bacteriological and clinical efficacies of cefuroxime axetil suspension (20 mg/kg of body weight per day in two divided doses) were compared with those of penicillin V suspension (50 mg/kg/day in three divided doses) in a multicenter, randomized, evaluator-blinded study. Children aged 2 to 13 years with clinical signs and symptoms of acute pharyngitis and a positive throat culture for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) were eligible. Patients were assessed and samples from the throat for culture were obtained at the time of diagnosis, 3 to 7 days after the initiation of treatment, and 4 to 8 days and 19 to 25 days after the completion of 10 days of therapy. Of the 385 evaluable patients, GABHS were eradicated from 244 of 259 (94.2%) cefuroxime-treated patients and 106 of 126 (84.1%) penicillin-treated patients (P = 0.001). Complete resolution of the signs and symptoms present at the time of diagnosis was achieved in 238 of 259 (91.9%) cefuroxime-treated patients and 102 of 126 (81.0%) penicillin-treated patients (P = 0.001). Potential drug-related adverse events were reported in 7.0 and 3.2% of the cefuroxime- and penicillin-treated patients, respectively (P = 0.078). In the present study, cefuroxime axetil suspension given twice daily resulted in significantly greater bacteriological and clinical efficacies than those of penicillin V suspension given three times daily to pediatric patients with acute pharyngitis and a positive throat culture for GABHS.
W M Gooch 3rd, S E McLinn, G H Aronovitz, M E Pichichero, A Kumar, E L Kaplan, M J Ossi
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Feb 1993, 37 (2) 159-163; DOI: 10.1128/AAC.37.2.159
You are going to email the following Efficacy of cefuroxime axetil suspension compared with that of penicillin V suspension in children with group A streptococcal pharyngitis.


Imagine a sophisticated grand room, with a gold and white interior decor scheme – a perfect venue for the quintessential British tradition of Afternoon Tea. The tables are lined with gleaming white tablecloths and topped with sparkling fancy cutlery, tea cups and champagne flutes. You sit down in anticipation of the cakes, scones and desserts about to come your way.
As you happen to take a peek outside the window of this fine dining restaurant, you suddenly see a charming view of the sea and you feel a slight gentle rocking, and suddenly you realise – you are having Afternoon Tea on board a ship! After my afternoon tea with Giraffes in Kenya, this comes in as the next most unusual but wonderful experience!
This experience was just incredible and what made it even more special was this particular Afternoon Tea is created by one of my favourite pâtissiers, and one who I regularly see on a certain hotel brand's TV, the multiple award winning 'Cake Boy' – Eric Lanlard.
Having yet to make it to his cafe, I was so excited to find out this was available on board the ship and booked it in advance and excitedly awaited for the day.
The Afternoon Tea is available on sea days in the Epicurean Restaurant on board Britannia, the beautiful P&O Ship I stayed on, and is available at an amazing £15 per person, and £20 with a glass of fizz. That was such an amazing price for an incredible selection, especially when you compare it to central London Afternoon Tea prices.
Of course I opted for a glass of fizz and it was so refreshing and I sat back marvelling at the selection on the three tiered stand in front of us.
How incredible does this look? A few minutes later a waitress arrived with a perfume bottle and she said to close our eyes. She then spritzed an edible earl grey perfume to awaken our senses. It smelt incredible!
After a few moments in dreamland, I selected my tea, from the impressive choices available, and went for the Nutty Chocolate, which was rich Assam loose leaf tea with flavour tones of chocolate and hazelnut. Perfect tea for an indulgent afternoon!
From the selection on our cake stand, for savouries we had Scottish Smoked Salmon and Dill in a Lemon and Cracked Black Pepper Macarons, Roast Beef in a Brioche and Cheese Éclairs. My favourite was definitely the Cheese Éclair, which had Brie, Red Onion Marmalade and a rocket salad. It was so delicious.
For the sweet selection we had Exotic Pop Cakes with Cotton Candy, Dark Chocolate Tear Drops with Italian Amarena Cherries, Summer Berries and Meringues , Orange infused Almond Cakes with a hint of Lavender and scones, which had an added twist of lemon flavour, served with individual clotted creams and jams.
My favourite was definitely the Summer Berries and Meringue, which had a Raspberry Mousse, Lychees pearls and fruit Coulis served in a cute mason jar. OMG it was so heavenly I am not even ashamed to say I had both the jars! Didn't even share. It was also fun as you had to squeeze the coulis into the dessert using a little plastic tube.
The variety within the selection of sweet and savouries was amazing and the value was just exceptional. I am now definitely going to make a trip to his cafe to try more of his desserts!
If you are travelling on board any of the P&O ships where this is available, I highly recommend it! It is very popular so do book it in advance. A selection of his desserts are also available in the Market Cafe. It was truly a fabulous experience and one I look back on very fondly.
If after seeing this mouthwatering selection you fancy trying to make some of his cakes and desserts yourself, you are in luck as Eric has a cookbook out too!