"I have been lucky to be on hand just at the right time to cover stories that have changed the nation, and in some cases affected world history," says Rogers in reflecting on a long career in Journalism and, recently, in History.
Covering the Watergate scandal, a ship collision and sinking in Lake Huron, the notorious "Payless Paydays" in Michigan and oil well fires, a tanker explosion and the foibles and fumbles of politicians and bureaucrats across the spectrum have been grist for the journalistic mill of Dave Rogers during a long career in Journalism.
Sent to Washington to fill in for two weeks at the Capital Bureau of Booth Newspapers, Rogers first day on the job marked the start of the House Judiciary Committee hearings on Watergate. "Knock yourself out if you want to cover it, but nothing is going to happen," the Bureau Chief told him, parroting the party line. Rogers joined several hundred reporters from all over the world in documenting the greatest political crisis in a century.
After retirement from Journalism and Education, Rogers discovered the political roots of the Civil War -- right in his hometown of Bay City, Michigan, home of abolitionist James G. Birney 1842-1856. Rogers' book "Apostles of Equality: The Birneys, the Republicans and the Civil War," seeks to correct injustice to the political legacy of Birney and examines Birney's courageous leadership in the nation's interminable struggle over slavery.
Unless Kentucky lawyer James G. Birney had persisted in his crusade to build the abolitionist movement into a political dynamo, the wave of chattel slavery of Africans and their descendants that had been rolling uncontrolled for two and a half centuries was never going to be derailed.
Rogers is the first writer to draw a direct line from Birney to Abraham Lincoln, who embraced his philosophy of equality, as the abolitionist movement morphed into the Republican Party.
One of the main themes of the book is that northern working men were finally galvanized to fight when they realized the perils of class warfare that threatened their well-being.
It is now quite clear Northern men did not fight to free the Negroes; they fought to control the South which had ruled the nation since the founding of the Republic by exploiting the Negroes. It was the system of slavery, counting slaves as three-fifths of a man in allocating members of Congress, enshrined in the Constitution, that was the controlling factor in American politics for 75 years. Once that inequity was realized, the North was ready to fight to end it, and the South willing to fight to perpetuate it.
If Negroes could be subjugated, so could the white working class, they finally realized. Most workingmen flocked to enroll as Republicans, personified by the members of Philadelphia fire companies who made up a large share of the 23rd Pennsylvania Infantry headed by David Bell Birney.
Co-inciding with the centenary of World War I, his latest book is "The G-34 Paradox: Inside the Army's Secret Mustard Gas Project at Dow Chemical in World War I." The book reveals how the "Catch 22" or paradoxical aspects of chemical weapons have imperiled the world for a century.
A native of Chicago, Mr. Rogers grew up in Bay City, Michigan, and began reporting on the Michigan Legislature and state government as a student at Michigan State University in the late 1950s. Early reporting included student health issues and legislative gridlock leading to a "payless paydays" shutdown of the Michigan government.
He was a night copydesk editor at the Lansing (MI) State Journal and statewide radio-tv correspondent at the state capital while still a student at MSU. He was an intern in the office of a Member of Congress during the John F. Kennedy administration. Reporting for The Chicago Tribune and the Associated Press, he covered state and national figures and political campaigns. He covered former President Dwight Eisenhower and campaigns of Barry Goldwater, Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey. He was investigative reporter, city editor and chief editorial writer for The Bay City (MI) Times. He won a "distinguished reporting of public affairs" award from the American Political Science Association for a series of articles that helped foil the annexation of a power plant by a small city. United Press International honored him for investigations revealing abuses of patients in nursing homes and the AP gave him and his staff the "breaking news" top award for coverage of a hotel fire that killed 11 persons. Among temporary assignments, he was lead reporter for AP international coverage of a Great Lakes ship collision that claimed a dozen lives and he reported from the White House on Carter Administration frustration over hostages in Iran. Mr. Rogers also covered the initial hearings of the House Judiciary Committee on the impeachment of President Richard M. Nixon during Watergate and reported on United Nations deliberations.
He earned bachelor's and master's degrees in Journalism from MSU and has been an instructor at several Michigan universities and colleges. He recently was a stringer for Reuters News Agency and is a free-lance writer and columnist on politics, business and history for MyTri-CityNews.com, a mid-Michigan regional on-line news service.
For the past two decades he has conducted historical tours of Bay City and on various vessels on the Saginaw River and bay and has made presentations on local and Civil War history to many groups. He can be contacted at dlaurencerogers@gmail.com or 989-686-5544.
This book, based on original government and company source materials from the Chemical Heritage Foundation, tells why the U.S. Army cancelled the only viable U.S. project producing critically-needed mustard gas at the height of World War I. It unveils the root causes of proliferation of chemical weapons despite efforts for a century to ban them, dumping chemical weapons in the oceans and testing on military personnel who now are suing the government.
It describes incompetence and misbehavior by officers and physicians, injuries and deaths of soldiers, and misplaced anti-German hysteria as well as breaches of security that threatened national defense.
It tells how this project, headed by a professor from Cleveland's Case Institute of Technology, was successful despite government red tape and inadequate support in transportation and manpower, below zero temperatures in an unheated factory, a flu epidemic, inexperienced staff, an incompetent Army doctor and interloping university physicians more intent on researching effects of mustard gas on humans for a book than caring for injured soldiers, two of whom died.
Military malfeasance, use of humans guinea pigs, policy considering gas more humane than explosives leading to continued stockpiling chemical weapons and dumping poison gas containers in oceans - all are described in this book.
This book reveals for the first time how chemical firm founder Herbert H. Dow and a fiery red-haired nurse were mistakenly investigated for subversive activities in the tumultuous environment of the Great War.
It concludes with the previously obscure facts of a laudatory postwar visit by top officials of the U.S. Chemical Warfare Service to Dow Chemical's headquarters in the small mid-Michigan town of Midland as they campaigned for Congressional approval for perpetuation of that branch of the military.
HOW DID A TWICE FAILED PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE CHANGE AMERICAN HISTORY?
The book "Apostles of Equality: The Birneys, the Republicans and the Civil War," describes the largely unrecognized importance of James Gillespie Birney, a former Kentucky and Alabama slaveholder who became the first anti-slavery Presidential candidate, and his role as the ideological prophet of Abraham Lincoln.
The exploits of his sons, generals David Bell Birney and William Birney, as well as grandson Lt. James G. Birney IV, also are addressed in the book. William Birney and his men trapped Robert E. Lee and the remnants of his Army of Northern Virginia and perhaps would have ended the war a day sooner had he not been held back, and cashiered, by a Union commander.
7-Duke Law School scholars recently have identified Birney as an important pioneer of abolition through defense of Native Americans in Alabama and Georgia in the late 1820s and his precursory role in shaping the 14th Amendment.
Republican Party efforts to minimize ties to abolition in the aftermath of Reconstruction also are addressed in this study of the nation's greatest political and philosophical stalemate.
"Apostles" surveys the political, social and philosophical aspects of Birney's contributions to the abolition movement leading to the Civil War, and amplifies the activities of several military Birneys (his sons and grandson) who recruited black troops in Maryland and led them in subduing Florida and in several key battles in Virginia in the war.
The original aims of the Republican Party of racial equality and uplifting the common man often have been denied for political purposes, this author recalls in a new book: "Apostles of Equality: the Birneys, the Republicans and the Civil War."
"After the Civil War white supremacists and the newly-formed Ku Klux Klan conducted a reign of terror against blacks, and Republicans, in retribution for their views and an oppressive Reconstruction," says the author, D. Laurence Rogers. "It is not news to most historians that politically-motivated killings spread across the South, targeting Republicans, but conventional wisdom of history is often the reverse of reality.
Republicans desperate to gain favor among Southern voters assumed the role formerly taken by Democrats and the Klan -- in effect totally reversing their political stand on race. A corrupt bargain in the 1876 election gave the Presidency to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes over Samuel Tilden in exchange for pullout of troops who were enforcing voting rights of blacks in the South; this has been documented admirably by historians like Richard H. Sewell, Eric Foner, Ari Hoogenboom and others.
"Most amazing was Theodore Roosevelt's claim that Republicans 'would never have meddled with slavery,' blaming the war on 'unscrupulous, treacherous ambitions' of Jefferson Davis and John B. Floyd.
"These facts seem largely unrecognized by neo-conservatives of today who usually align with the Republican Party. Even progressive commentators like Rachel Maddow on MSNBC recently expressed disbelief over the egalitarian views of Abraham Lincoln and other Republicans in the early days.
"What these ideological miscalculations tell us is that much of Civil War historiography has been propaganda, at least in the assignment of blame and denial of credit for the nation's legacy of equality."
Among the radical abolitionists, William Lloyd Garrison was an anarchist and John Brown a terrorist. Reformed slaveholder James G. Birney, a Kentucky and Alabama lawyer, offered a reasonable solution to the intersectional conflict. His philanthropic positions, aimed at changing the status quo on behalf of four million slaves, were soundly rejected by Northern voters in two runs for the Presidency on the Liberty Party ticket. However, his organizing in Michigan laid the foundation for the Free Soil and Republican parties leading to Civil War.
H-Net Reviewer Carl Creason of Murray State University (KY) explains how Birney, son of an aristocratic plantation owner, was sent North and ended up a leader of the abolitionists: "Interestingly, Birney's experience in the North served as a stark contrast to the experiences of other Southern men. As highlighted in Lorri Glover's article "'Let Us Manufacture Men': Educating Elite Boys in the Early National South," many young Southerners returned home from Northern universities with hardened attitudes towards abolitionists and Yankees--a development that contributed to the hostility that climaxed in the Civil War.Unlike these men, however, Birney chose to surrender a future of wealth and family tradition for the prospect of social equality."
The author explains that Republicans through history have denied their abolitionist roots in order to become a national party. Abolitionist political organizer James G. Birney who laid the groundwork for the Republicans was vilified by Theodore Roosevelt and other political spinmeisters. But now Birney is rising from the ashes in this book.
This book shows the progression of conflicts over slavery dating to the American Revolution and contends the war started because the abolitionists controlled the Republican Party, striking fear into hearts of slaveholders who revolted once Abraham Lincoln was elected.
Why should Birney be recognized as the outstanding Apostle of Equality? Because he not only divested his fortune by freeing his slaves but also visited every state capital, South and North, in his self-appointed crusade to "save the nation from destruction."
WHY IS JAMES G. BIRNEY CONSIDERED "LINCOLN'S PROPHET"?
*Some of Lincoln's philosophical concepts about slavery were adopted from Birney's earlier work.
HOW DID THE REPUBLICAN PARTY START OUT LIBERAL AND END UP CONSERVATIVE?
You can find out by reading a new book, "Apostles of Equality: The Birneys, the Republicans and the Civil War."
Even political junkies may be amazed at the 180 degree turn-around. A political reporter from a Midwest newspaper, after hearing the story recently, said: "I can't wait to tell my conservative friends that the liberals formed the Republican Party. They are going to be shocked and amazed."
The story of the twist in philosophy is not a new one, of course, but years have a way of obscuring what really happened, says D. Laurence Rogers, author, former newsman and onetime press aide to a Republican Member of Congress.
"Republicans and Democrats have in effect switched places in the philosophical scheme, especially concerning race, by a series of events triggered by an oppressive Reconstruction," says Rogers. "Look at an electoral college map in the present contest and the former Confederate states, onetime "Solid South" bastions of the Democrats, now are all bright red. Doesn't that make you wonder how that has happened?"
The Republicans under Abraham Lincoln also were the party of the working man and supported labor unions, a position directly in opposition to today's GOP dogma. "Republicans used the threat of white slavery, as reportedly posed by Senator Henry Clay in the 1820s, to whip up support among workers in industrial areas of the North," said Rogers. "Clay was quoted by several fellow legislators as saying "if we cannot have black slaves we must have white ones."
The Republican Party's roots can be traced to the abolitionist Liberty Party that twice (1840-1844) ran James G. Birney, reformed Kentucky slaveholder, for President.
During Reconstruction, as former Union officers ruled the South to enforce black voting rights, Republicans white and black were subjected to mass murder by Democrats and the newly formed Ku Klux Klan. That all ended in 1876 when after a contested election Democrats agreed to give up the Presidency in exchange for a deal to pull troops out of the South.
THE CIVIL WAR LASTED ONE DAY LONGER THAN NECESSARY, CAUSING 600 MORE CASUALTIES; WHY FOR 146 YEARS HAS GEN. WILLIAM BIRNEY'S NEAR CAPTURE OF LEE BEEN IGNORED?
If pro-slavery Gen. E.O.C. Ord had not stopped Gen. William Birney and his U.S. Colored Troops, the Civil War would probably have ended on April 8, 1865 instead of the following day.
With Lt. Gen. U.S. Grant absent from the field that day, Gen. Ord took it on himself to pull back Birney and his troops who had marched 96 miles in three and a half days and had trapped Lee and the remnants of the Army of Northern Virginia.
Thus Lee was free to attack the following day, April 9, until forced to bow "to overwhelming numbers and resources," as he put it. But that last needless day of battle caused a total of 600 casualties on both sides, Union and Confederate.
Not only were the black Union soldiers denied the glory of ending the war, they were banned from the Grand Parade in Washington, D.C., and most units were quickly shunted to Texas to fight Indians.
This author reports that armed clashes in the mid-1840s between raiding Kentucky slaveholders and white abolitionists defending escaped slaves in Michigan's Cass County ignited a political conflict that escalated to Civil War.
Actually, the earliest dispute over escaped slaves from Kentucky occurred in 1808 in Detroit, according to a new book, "Apostles of Equality: The Birneys, the Republicans and the Civil War," published by Michigan State University Press. When slaveholders tried to reclaim their bondsmen from Canada, freedom-loving white Michiganians threatened to tar and feather the judge who considered allowing their return.
Thus, the seeds of an egalitarian vs. aristocratic conflict that erupted in Civil War were planted more than half a century before guns roared at Fort Sumter.
Among the rabid abolitionists, William Lloyd Garrison was an anarchist and John Brown a terrorist. Reformed slaveholder James G. Birney, a Kentucky and Alabama lawyer, offered a reasonable solution to the intersectional conflict. His philanthropic positions, aimed at changing the status quo on behalf of four million slaves, were soundly rejected by by Northern voters in two runs for the Presidency on the Liberty Party ticket. However, his organizing in Michigan laid the foundation for the Free Soil and Republican parties.
Did the fact that Jefferson Davis barred enlistment of black troops doom the Confederacy?
This new book contends that when the Confederate president rejected a general's idea to beef up decimated rebel forces, and Abe Lincoln approved black troops, the fate of the war was determined.
In 1864 the Irish volunteer Gen. Patrick Cleburne was roundly criticized, and denied promotion by Davis and other leading rebels, for his plan to enlist blacks and give them freedom.
The Union, on the other hand, welcomed about 180,000 blacks into the army -- about 10 percent of the entire force -- a factor believed by some observers to have tipped the balance in the conflict.


You'll need: 250g Blue cheese, 4 ripe pears, 24 walnuts, sea salt and freshly milled black pepper, a packet of rocket leaves – enough for 4.
For the dressing: 1 Tbs Cider or white wine vinegar, 1 Tbs water, 1 tsp white sugar, 1 Tbs Maille Whole Grain Mustard, 75ml sunflower oil, sea salt and freshly milled black pepper.
To make the dressing, place the ingredients in a screwtop jar and give it a good shake.
Toss the rocket leaves in the salad dressing and set them on a platter. Cut the pears into eight slices and put them higgledy piggeldy onto the leaves. Sprinkle with the crumbled blue cheese and strew over the walnuts. Add salt & pepper to taste.


text:
"""Class to represent a Static Virtual Machine object.

All static VMs provided in a given group will be used before any non-static
VMs are provisioned. For example, in a test that uses 4 VMs, if 3 static VMs
are provided, all of them will be used and one additional non-static VM
will be provisioned. The VM's should be set up with passwordless ssh and
passwordless sudo (neither sshing nor running a sudo command should prompt
the user for a password).

All VM specifics are self-contained and the class provides methods to
operate on the VM: boot, shutdown, etc.
"""

import collections
import json
import logging
import threading

from perfkitbenchmarker import disk
from perfkitbenchmarker import flags
from perfkitbenchmarker import linux_virtual_machine
from perfkitbenchmarker import virtual_machine
from perfkitbenchmarker import windows_virtual_machine

WINDOWS = 'windows'
DEBIAN = 'debian'
RHEL = 'rhel'
UBUNTU_CONTAINER = 'ubuntu_container'
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS

class StaticVmSpec(virtual_machine.BaseVmSpec):
  """Object containing all info needed to create a Static VM."""

  def __init__(self, ip_address=None, user_name=None, ssh_private_key=None,
               internal_ip=None, ssh_port=22, install_packages=True,
               password=None, disk_specs=None, os_type=None, **kwargs):
    """Initialize the StaticVmSpec object.

    Args:
      ip_address: The public ip address of the VM.
      user_name: The username of the VM that the keyfile corresponds to.
      ssh_private_key: The absolute path to the private keyfile to use to ssh
          to the VM.
      internal_ip: The internal ip address of the VM.
      ssh_port: The port number to use for SSH and SCP commands.
      install_packages: If false, no packages will be installed. This is
          useful if benchmark dependencies have already been installed.
      password: The password used to log into the VM (Windows Only).
      disk_specs: A list of dictionaries containing kwargs used to create
          disk.BaseDiskSpecs.
      os_type: The OS type of the VM. See the flag of the same name for more
          information.
    """
    super(StaticVmSpec, self).__init__(**kwargs)
    self.ip_address = ip_address
    self.user_name = user_name
    self.ssh_private_key = ssh_private_key
    self.internal_ip = internal_ip
    self.ssh_port = ssh_port
    self.install_packages = install_packages
    self.password = password
    self.os_type = os_type
    self.disk_specs = disk_specs

class StaticDisk(disk.BaseDisk):
  """Object representing a static Disk."""

  def _Create(self):
    """StaticDisks don't implement _Create()."""
    pass

  def _Delete(self):
    """StaticDisks don't implement _Delete()."""
    pass

  def Attach(self):
    """StaticDisks don't implement Attach()."""
    pass

  def Detach(self):
    """StaticDisks don't implement Detach()."""
    pass

class StaticVirtualMachine(virtual_machine.BaseVirtualMachine):
  """Object representing a Static Virtual Machine."""

  is_static = True
  vm_pool = collections.deque()
  vm_pool_lock = threading.Lock()

  def __init__(self, vm_spec):
    """Initialize a static virtual machine.

    Args:
      vm_spec: A StaticVmSpec object containing arguments.
    """
    super(StaticVirtualMachine, self).__init__(vm_spec, None, None)
    self.ip_address = vm_spec.ip_address
    self.user_name = vm_spec.user_name
    self.ssh_private_key = vm_spec.ssh_private_key
    self.internal_ip = vm_spec.internal_ip
    self.zone = self.zone or ('Static - %s@%s' % (self.user_name,
                                                  self.ip_address))
    self.ssh_port = vm_spec.ssh_port
    self.install_packages = vm_spec.install_packages
    self.password = vm_spec.password

    if vm_spec.disk_specs:
      for spec in vm_spec.disk_specs:
        self.disk_specs.append(disk.BaseDiskSpec(**spec))

    self.from_pool = False

  def _Create(self):
    """StaticVirtualMachines do not implement _Create()."""
    pass

  def _Delete(self):
    """Returns the virtual machine to the pool."""
    if self.from_pool:
      with self.vm_pool_lock:
        self.vm_pool.appendleft(self)

  def CreateScratchDisk(self, disk_spec):
    """Create a VM's scratch disk.

    Args:
      disk_spec: virtual_machine.BaseDiskSpec object of the disk.
    """
    spec = self.disk_specs[len(self.scratch_disks)]
    self.scratch_disks.append(StaticDisk(spec))

  def DeleteScratchDisks(self):
    """StaticVirtualMachines do not delete scratch disks."""
    pass

  def GetLocalDisks(self):
    """Returns a list of local disks on the VM."""
    return [disk_spec.device_path
            for disk_spec in self.disk_specs if disk_spec.device_path]

  @classmethod
  def ReadStaticVirtualMachineFile(cls, file_obj):
    """Read a file describing the static VMs to use.

    This function will read the static VM information from the provided file,
    instantiate VMs corresponding to the info, and add the VMs to the static
    VM pool. The provided file should contain a single array in JSON-format.
    Each element in the array must be an object with required format:

      ip_address: string.
      user_name: string.
      keyfile_path: string.
      ssh_port: integer, optional. Default 22
      internal_ip: string, optional.
      zone: string, optional.
      local_disks: array of strings, optional.
      scratch_disk_mountpoints: array of strings, optional
      os_type: string, optional (see package_managers)
      install_packages: bool, optional

    Args:
      file_obj: An open handle to a file containing the static VM info.

    Raises:
      ValueError: On missing required keys, or invalid keys.
    """
    vm_arr = json.load(file_obj)

    if not isinstance(vm_arr, list):
      raise ValueError('Invalid static VM file. Expected array, got: %s.' %
                       type(vm_arr))

    required_keys = frozenset(['ip_address', 'user_name'])

    linux_required_keys = required_keys | frozenset(['keyfile_path'])

    required_keys_by_os = {
        WINDOWS: required_keys | frozenset(['password']),
        DEBIAN: linux_required_keys,
        RHEL: linux_required_keys,
        UBUNTU_CONTAINER: linux_required_keys,
    }
    required_keys = required_keys_by_os[FLAGS.os_type]

    optional_keys = frozenset(['internal_ip', 'zone', 'local_disks',
                               'scratch_disk_mountpoints', 'os_type',
                               'ssh_port', 'install_packages'])
    allowed_keys = required_keys | optional_keys

    def VerifyItemFormat(item):
      """Verify that the decoded JSON object matches the required schema."""
      item_keys = frozenset(item)
      extra_keys = sorted(item_keys - allowed_keys)
      missing_keys = required_keys - item_keys
      if extra_keys:
        raise ValueError('Unexpected keys: {0}'.format(', '.join(extra_keys)))
      elif missing_keys:
        raise ValueError('Missing required keys: {0}'.format(
            ', '.join(missing_keys)))

    for item in vm_arr:
      VerifyItemFormat(item)

      ip_address = item['ip_address']
      user_name = item['user_name']
      keyfile_path = item.get('keyfile_path')
      internal_ip = item.get('internal_ip')
      zone = item.get('zone')
      local_disks = item.get('local_disks', [])
      password = item.get('password')

      if not isinstance(local_disks, list):
        raise ValueError('Expected a list of local disks, got: {0}'.format(
            local_disks))
      scratch_disk_mountpoints = item.get('scratch_disk_mountpoints', [])
      if not isinstance(scratch_disk_mountpoints, list):
        raise ValueError(
            'Expected a list of disk mount points, got: {0}'.format(
                scratch_disk_mountpoints))
      ssh_port = item.get('ssh_port', 22)
      os_type = item.get('os_type')
      install_packages = item.get('install_packages', True)

      if ((os_type == WINDOWS and FLAGS.os_type != WINDOWS) or
          (os_type != WINDOWS and FLAGS.os_type == WINDOWS)):
        raise ValueError('Please only use Windows VMs when using '
                         '--os_type=windows and vice versa.')

      disk_kwargs_list = []
      for path in scratch_disk_mountpoints:
        disk_kwargs_list.append({'mount_point': path})
      for local_disk in local_disks:
        disk_kwargs_list.append({'device_path': local_disk})

      vm_spec = StaticVmSpec(
          ip_address=ip_address, user_name=user_name, ssh_port=ssh_port,
          install_packages=install_packages, ssh_private_key=keyfile_path,
          internal_ip=internal_ip, zone=zone, disk_specs=disk_kwargs_list,
          password=password)

      vm_class = GetStaticVmClass(os_type)
      vm = vm_class(vm_spec)
      cls.vm_pool.append(vm)

  @classmethod
  def GetStaticVirtualMachine(cls):
    """Pull a Static VM from the pool of static VMs.

    If there are no VMs left in the pool, the method will return None.

    Returns:
        A static VM from the pool, or None if there are no static VMs left.
    """
    with cls.vm_pool_lock:
      if cls.vm_pool:
        vm = cls.vm_pool.popleft()
        vm.from_pool = True
        return vm
      else:
        return None

def GetStaticVmClass(os_type):
  """Returns the static VM class that corresponds to the os_type."""
  class_dict = {
      DEBIAN: DebianBasedStaticVirtualMachine,
      RHEL: RhelBasedStaticVirtualMachine,
      WINDOWS: WindowsBasedStaticVirtualMachine,
      UBUNTU_CONTAINER: ContainerizedStaticVirtualMachine,
  }
  if os_type in class_dict:
    return class_dict[os_type]
  else:
    logging.warning('Could not find os type for VM. Defaulting to debian.')
    return DebianBasedStaticVirtualMachine

class ContainerizedStaticVirtualMachine(
        StaticVirtualMachine, linux_virtual_machine.ContainerizedDebianMixin):
    pass

class DebianBasedStaticVirtualMachine(StaticVirtualMachine,
                                      linux_virtual_machine.DebianMixin):
    pass

class RhelBasedStaticVirtualMachine(StaticVirtualMachine,
                                    linux_virtual_machine.RhelMixin):
    pass

class WindowsBasedStaticVirtualMachine(StaticVirtualMachine,
                                       windows_virtual_machine.WindowsMixin):
    pass

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Rolex Transatlantic – Day 3
Around twilight we decided to take down our heavy asymmetric spinnaker. We were reaching our first goal -- the Gulf Stream -- but the wind was dying and the spinnaker was collapsing.
The crew flooded the deck to get the new lightweight drifter hoisted, and to take down the big spinnaker. The spinnaker halyard was eased slightly to start lowering the sail. Four of us were ready underneath to catch the sail and pull it down to the deck.Suddenly we were caught in an avalanche of nylon. The whole sail fell on us and partly over the side into the water. Instead of an orderly takedown, the sail had come loose and fallen 100 feet in a couple of seconds, wrapping the crew in about 4000 square feet of fabric and making us pull its corners quickly from the sea.
We looked at the shackle that holds the halyard to the top of the sail. The line had chafed through. The shackle was in our hands, but the spinnaker halyard was now dropped inside the mast. Darkness was coming, and something had to be done. Otherwise that spinnaker halyard would be useless.
The first person ready to go up the mast is always Ashley Perrin. From California, Ashley rockets around the world sailing races everywhere. There is little she can't do in a boat; just this morning, she used the heavy-duty sewing machine we brought with us to repair a rip in a sail.
Tempest, like almost all big racing sailboats, has four halyards to raise the sails at the front of the boat. Two for the genoas and about three feet higher -- right near the very top of the mast -- are the two spinnaker halyards. All four run inside the mast, then emerge at the top. They are not interchangeable. You can't use a genoa halyard for a spinnaker, or vice versa. It is critically important to have all the halyards working, and now one is useless.
Ashley is hauled up to the top of the mast. It is not a fun experience. Every motion of the boat is magnified greatly at the end of a 100-foot pole. Even though Tempest is moving slowly in light air right now, the mast is swinging steadily. This is an ideal time to get the repair done, though, because in any other wind condition, the motion is likely to be worse.
Job: Slide a bicycle chain into the mast to lead a new line down to the bottom. However, the bicycle chain gets stuck. Despite jiggling and pulling, it won't go up and it won't go down. Nothing more can be done now; darkness is settling in. Bring Ashley down.
Ashley cannot come down! While trying to fish the new line down the mast, the bicycle chain has somehow entangled itself around the second halyard, the one holding Ashley 100 feet in the air. This is serious. Ashley must be lowered to the deck.
The crew sends the one remaining jib halyard up to Ashley. She must now take the end of the jib halyard (which exits below her), attach it securely to her harness, and untie herself from the now-jammed spinnaker halyard. It is difficult because all her weight is carried by the higher halyard, which she must untie. She manages to free herself from the stuck line, and is lowered to the deck as darkness settles in. However, the problem is now worse as the broken halyard is still not re led and the second spinnaker halyard is now at the top of the rig tangled with the bicycle chain.
So Tempest is racing with no way to hoist a spinnaker. These sails add one knot or more of speed when the wind is to the side or behind the boat. Nobody can afford to give away one mile per hour and hope to win a prize. Somehow tomorrow we must fix it.
While all this was gong on, Tempest slid into the Gulf Stream and started its downstream ride at about four knots.
We have many sources of information aboard Tempest: three computers – the boat's, the navigator's, and the assistant navigator's. We get pictures directly from circling satellites, we get data over phone service from another satellite, and we can trade emails with the world.Lesson Learnt:
Extra mouselines were put into the mast before leaving the dock in the jib sheaves but we didn't do the spinnakers as we ran out of line at the time and didn't get back to that job. These extra mouselines are important as it guarantees a fair lead and no tangles in the mast as you have time to get it right on the dock.
Always put chafe guard i.e. Samson Ice on all halyards where they bear on the sheaves.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Palestinian Women Were Heart & Soul of the First Intifada
1 October, 2018 • Jordan Elgrably
exc-5f677a32057cc94200ffd889
In September of 2018, Human Rights Watch presented the Los Angeles premiere of a new Just Vision documentary by directing stalwart Julia Bacha (Budrus, Encounter Point, Control Room). Using a creative combination of animation, live action and archival footage, Naila and the Uprising recounts the story of Palestinian women during the First Intifada (1987-1993). The narrative circles around Naila Ayesh and others who were swept into the maelstrom of confrontation with Israel's then 20-year Occupation of the West Bank and Gaza. (2017 marked 50 years of this cruel and ludicrous stalemate.)
Illustration from the film animation, by Dominique Doktor and Sharron Mirsky
Naila, along with several children, is away at school in Gaza on the day in 1987 when her family home is destroyed by the Israeli army. Thus, like Ahed Tamimi, she becomes a crucible of lost innocence, initiated into the struggle against military occupation and submission before puberty. "Israel ruled every aspect of our lives," she says in the film. She soon learns that even being a student organizer in those heady days of resistance is classified as a crime by the Israeli military government. While 1987 was the first year women broke away from PLO leadership and began their own grassroots organizing, women's groups had previously existed in Palestine going back to 1929. Later came the Union of Palestinian Women Committees, in 1980 and in 1981, the Palestinian Working Woman Society for Development.
Naila and the Uprising introduces us to other women activists and as the film unfolds, we recognize that Palestinian women were the nexus of the first intifada, stepping into leadership roles as more and more men and boys were taken away by the Shin-Bet, or shot and killed by the IDF. But women were also betrayed ultimately by the PLO, which froze them out of the negotiations that took place at first in Madrid and then Oslo. Leaders featured in Bacha's documentary decry the backroom deals signed by PLO representatives which gave away the farm in terms of normalizing the Occupation and minimizing Palestinian women's accomplishments and demands for greater participation in their own society.
After the film screened a dialogue ensued between director Bacha and Palestinian producer Rula Salameh, who was herself a student activist at Bir Zeit University during the First Intifada. As Bacha explained, "The uprising lasted as long as it did because women had created an infrastructure of civil disobedience along with parallel institutions of power that really challenged the Israeli occupation over the Palestinian population."
Bacha said she wanted to make the film "as a means to document Palestinian and Israeli nonviolent resistance and to show that in fact nonviolent Palestinian resistance began long ago, it wasn't new in 1987, but women were in fact at the center of it." As Samah Waida, another woman leader featured in the documentary insisted, "We need to be free in our own society." The panelists discussed the ways in which women almost always get erased in the history of social movements, with few exceptions.
"This film will empower young women today," said Rula Salameh. "For us the most important result is to be able to screen it in Palestine." The film's producers recently confirmed that Naila will indeed touring Palestinian schools and universities in Gaza and the West Bank.
Naila reminds viewers that there is a nonviolent Palestinian resistance movement and that women are at its heart.
First IntifadaIsraelPalestine


text:
611 Birmingham Memories DVD
Seldom have all the "right" components combined to produce the ideal steam locomotive. But in the case of Norfolk & Western's J-class 4-8-4's they did just that! With a massive firebox, marvelous boiler, perfectly balanced running gear and stylish streamlining, the elements combined to produce the 611, a designated National Engineering Landmark. The 611 thrilled us for a dozen years with awesome sights and sounds resurrected from the Great Age of Steam Railroading. In this video, all the right ingredients combined to produce a stunning videos tribute to this majestic steam locomotive. Crisp camera views of smoke-filled runbys, dramatic pacing and pan shots, cab rides and an engaging story line come together to create a fantastic video of the 611's last trip. This 56 minute, tightly-edited video is to railroad video what the 611 herself has been to steam railroading. The best in the class.
DVD Item#: NW-611BHAM-DVD
Runtime: 56 Mins
Producer: Goodheart Productions
Some of the covers used from this producer may not properly fit the DVD cases.
Ron Harber (Strafford MO US) on 2019-02-15 00:19:02.
Great amounts of footage of N&W 611 even though 1994 was her last year. This video shows her first break in runs in 1982 at the Norris Yard shop in Birmingham, Alabama and that same year, Roanoke, Virginia celebrated 100 years as a city. Oddly, 611 didn�t pulled a matched set of Tucson red Norfolk Southern cars until late in her career as queen of steam. The rest of the video shows her working hard from Birmingham, Alabama to Chattanooga, Tennessee from March 28, 1992 all the way to her last excursion run on December 3, 1994 when Norfolk Southern decided to close down their steam operations after 28 wonderful years (1966-1994).
Additional remarks by Ron Harber:
Would kids enjoy this? Definitely!


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text:
Das Naturschutzgebiet Zarth ist ein rund 262 Hektar großes FFH-Gebiet auf der Gemarkung der Stadt Treuenbrietzen im Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark im Land Brandenburg.

Lage und Etymologie
Das Naturschutzgebiet liegt im Südwesten des Naturparks Nuthe-Nieplitz und dort östlich des Stadtkerns Treuenbrietzens. Nördlich liegen die Budorfsche Heide sowie der Treuenbrietzener Ortsteil Niebel. Es folgen im Uhrzeigersinn die weiteren Ortsteile Niebelhorst sowie die Treuenbrietzener und Bardenitzer Wiesen, Bardenitz, Klausdorf, die Bardenitzer Heide sowie Frohnsdorf.

Der Name leitet sich aus dem slawischen tschert oder cart ab, was so viel wie Teufel bedeutet. Im Volksmund heißt das Naturschutzgebiet daher auch Teufelswald. Das FFH-Gebiet ist Bestandteil des Landschaftsschutzgebietes Nuthetal–Beelitzer Sander.

Geschichte

Naturräumlich liegt der Zarth im Grenzbereich zwischen dem Nördlichen Fläming-Waldhügelland und dem Glogau-Baruther Urstromtal. Es entstand vor rund 20.000 Jahren am Ende der letzten Weichsel-Kaltzeit, als sich die Gletscher nach und nach zurückzogen. Dabei entstanden in einer so genannten Auswehwanne ein rund 200 Hektar großer Niederungswald sowie auf rund 50 Hektar zahlreiche, bis zu 4,5 m starke Moore und Gewässer. Sie werden aus Quellen versorgt, die im Fläming entspringen. An den Stellen, an denen die Vegetation fehlte, wurde der lockere Talsand bis auf grundwassernahme Bereiche ausgeblasen. Hierdurch bildeten sich hohe Grundwasserstände, die zur Ausbildung des Niedermoores führten.

Im 19. Jahrhundert begannen Bauern im westlich bei Treuenbrietzen gelegenen Teil damit, Torf zu stechen. Sie legten im dort die nassen Flächen trocken, die fortan zur Heugewinnung dienten und den Namen Große Freiheit erhielten. Im angrenzenden, östlich gelegenen Wald wurde zum einen Brennholz gewonnen, zum anderen diente er als Hutewald. Er wird auch als Alt-Zarth bezeichnet. Die erste kartografische Darstellung stammt aus dem Jahr 1780.

Im Juli 2007 erwarb ein Vogelschutz-Komitee (VsK) rund 95 % des Zarths von der Stadt Treuenbrietzen. Die verbleibenden rund fünf Prozent sind in Privateigentum. Eine der Maßnahmen des Komitees bestand in einer 2014 begonnenen Verplombung der künstlichen Quellgräben im Süden des Gebietes sowie dem Einbau von Stützschwellen in die Fließgewässer. Damit konnte der Wasserstand im Gebiet erhöht werden. Im Mai 2015 wurden die Arbeiten abgeschlossen.

Aufbau
Der westliche Bereich besteht weitgehend aus Wiesenflächen, beispielsweise die am nordwestlichen Rand gelegene Klostermathen-Wiese. Daran schließt sich nach Süden der Alte Torfteich an. Östlich hiervon liegt der kleinere Neue Torfteich. Sie entstanden aus dem Abbau von Torf und verfüllten sich nach dem Ende der Entnahme mit Quellwasser. Östlich der beiden Teiche ist die Große Freiheit, an die sich im Süden die Kleine Freiheit anschließt – beides Offenlandschaften, die durch die Entnahme von Gehölzen entstanden. Weiter östlich beginnt mit der Wendewasser-Wiese der Übergang in den eher bewaldeten Bereich Alt-Zarth, an den – außerhalb der Grenze des Naturschutzgebietes – sich wiederum der Burgwall-Acker anschließt, der landwirtschaftlich genutzt wird. Das wasserreiche Gebiet wird von zahlreichen Bächen durchflossen, die von Quellwasser des Flämings am südlichen Rand gespeist werden. Sie fließen weitgehend von Süden nach Norden. Dies sind – von Westen nach Osten – der Waldbach, das Wendewasser, der Kupferbach sowie der Schwarze Bach. An der östlichen Grenze fließt das Bardenitzer Fließ entlang. Nördlich des Neuen Torfteichs verläuft nach Nordosten der Kanal der Freiheit.

Ein Gedenkstein erinnert im westlichen Zugangsbereich an Eduard Prinke (1939–2013), der in der Kreisverwaltung Jüterbog als stellvertretender Amtsleiter Naturschutz tätig war und sich für die Unterschutzstellung des Zarth eingesetzt hatte. Ein als Landschaftstour gekennzeichneter Weg führt von Treuenbrietzen oder Bardenitz aus in das Gebiet. Südlich des Waldgebietes führt die Mühlentourroute 1 am Gebiet vorbei.

Flora und Fauna

In den besonders feuchten Gebieten gedeihen Schwarzerlen und Eschen sowie ein Stieleichen-Hainbuchenwald auf den höher gelegenen, sandig-lehmigen Standorten. Neben fünf verschiedene Orchideenarten wurden weitere 340 Pflanzen gezählt, darunter auch das seltene Fleischfarbene Knabenkraut, die Kümmelblättrige Silge, die Färber-Scharte, Natternzungen, die Stumpfblütige Binse oder die Prachtnelken. 44 Pflanzenarten stehen dabei auf der Roten Liste.

Im Wald leben mehr als 90 verschiedene Brutvogelarten, darunter der seltene Schwarzstorch, der in den Bächen seine Nahrung findet. Dort leben unter anderem die Europäische Sumpfschildkröte, Waldeidechsen, Baummarder, die Erdkröte, die Schmale Windelschnecke und der Fischotter. Die Luft wird unter anderem von Kranichen, Bekassinen, dem Mittelspecht, dem Eisvogel und Milanen bevölkert. Weiterhin wurden 13 Fledermausarten nachgewiesen, darunter Mausohren und Mopsfledermäuse. 2009 wurden weiterhin 35 Tagfalterarten sowie zwei Widderchenarten nachgewiesen.

Entwicklung
Für das Land Brandenburg sieht die Wiederherstellung und der Erhalt höherer Wasserstände sowie die Erhöhung der Wasserrückhaltung als eine der wichtigsten Maßnahmen an. Weiterhin sollten die vorhandenen Flüsse wieder durchgängig gemacht werden. Um die Feuchtwiesen und Moore weiter zu entwickeln sollte eine Verjüngung mit geeigneten Baumarten erfolgen. Die Rot-Eiche sowie die Fichte sollten gleichzeitig zurückgedrängt werden, wobei dabei bestehende Horst- und Höhlenbäume geschützt werden sollten. Auf eine forstwirtschaftliche Nutzung der Moor-, Auen- und Bruchwälder sollte darüber hinaus verzichtet werden. Eine erweiterte touristische Nutzung soll nicht erfolgen; der vorhandene Wanderweg jedoch erhalten bleiben.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Naturschutzgebiete im Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark
 Naturpark Nuthe-Nieplitz#NSG Zarth

Literatur
 Landesamt für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz (Hrsg.): Managementplanung Natura 2000 im Land Brandenburg, Managementplan für das Gebiet Zarth, November 2014, S. 43.
 Landesamt für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz (Hrsg.): Naturschutzgebiet Zarth – Der "Teufelswald", Flyer, ohne Datumsangabe, S. 6.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Naturschutzgebiet im Landkreis Potsdam-Mittelmark
Naturpark Nuthe-Nieplitz
Geographie (Treuenbrietzen)
Schutzgebiet (Umwelt- und Naturschutz) in Europa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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The remarkable underwater life of Jacques Cousteau.
By The Foundation for a Better Life
So little was known about the depths of the sea in the mid 1930s. An entire world lay beneath the ships, yet it was mostly inaccessible. Staring out at endless ocean waters had spiked the imaginations of sailors for centuries. Tales of fantastic beasts and cursed currents filled their minds and kept them planted firmly on the decks. But for Jacques Cousteau, a curious incident with a borrowed set of swim goggles set his mind reeling. "The sea, once it casts its spell, holds one in its net of wonder forever," he recorded.
It was by accident, literally, that Jacques Cousteau took that first plunge. He was enrolled in the French Naval Academy with his heart set on becoming a pilot. But a car accident cut short his dream leaving him unable to fly, so he changed his plans and dove into the sea.
For five decades Jacques Cousteau never lost his passion for the water planet. He explored as deep as the depths would allow, first developing the aqualung, improving on other SCUBA designs, and later using deep-sea submarines. Sea life always filled him with wonder. There was so much to observe, so much to write about and photograph. From oceans to the great lakes, to the world's largest rivers, Cousteau wanted to see it all.
From the Manatee to the starfish, the iridescent algae and the graceful octopus; the water world is home to some of our most magnificent and delicate creatures. And Jacques Cousteau wanted us to know how precious each one is. The beauty of the under water world was his passion. He devoted his life to documenting and protecting it. To see a whale breach or raindrops of jellyfish ride the currents was the greatest affirmation of the diversity of life in a grand tapestry we all belong to. Cousteau knew that awe and wonder inspire us all to be better human beings. To feel nature is to feel the warmth of a world we long to belong to. Sometimes it takes a plunge into the ocean, and other times, it just takes a look at the treetops as we walk by.
Wonder... PassItOn.com®
Copyright ©2021 The Foundation for a Better Life. All rights reserved. Available under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License (international): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
The Foundation for a Better Life, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, gives your newspaper permission to publish these stories in print and electronic media (excluding audio and video), provided the stories are published in their entirety, without modification and including the copyright notice. For any modification, permission must first be obtained from the Foundation by emailing media-relations@passiton.com. Thank you.
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text:
Q: Can someone explain why this reduce method return like this? I have an array of object like this:
var voters = [
  {name:'Bob' , age: 30, voted: true},
  {name:'Jake' , age: 32, voted: true},
  {name:'Kate' , age: 25, voted: false},
  {name:'Sam' , age: 20, voted: false},
  {name:'Phil' , age: 21, voted: true},
  {name:'Ed' , age:55, voted:true},
  {name:'Tami' , age: 54, voted:true},
  {name: 'Mary', age: 31, voted: false},
  {name: 'Becky', age: 43, voted: false},
  {name: 'Joey', age: 41, voted: true},
  {name: 'Jeff', age: 30, voted: true},
  {name: 'Zack', age: 19, voted: false}
];

I used reduce to count number of people who voted:
function totalVotes(arr) {
    return arr.reduce(function voteCount(acc,cur){
        return acc+cur.voted;
    },0)
}

The function return correct answer which make me confuse. It doesn't has any condition to check whether that person is voted or not so how can it return the right answer?

A: By doing acc+cur.voted you implicitly cast the boolean cur.voted to a number (false -> 0, true -> 1). Therefore by "adding up" those booleans, you'll receive the count of booleans being true:

console.log(
   true + false,
   true + true
);

A: Javascript has a dynamic type system that uses type coercion. When you have an expression with a two variables where one is an integer and the is boolean type coercion happens. The bool value will be interpreted as 1 or 0. Try this in an interactive JS (eg node, repl.it):
0 + true

it returns 1.
In your reduce callback function you start with an initial value of 0 for the accumulator acc. Then you add the boolean values cur.voted to it. This will return acc + 1 for a list element with voted = true and acc for a list element with voted = false.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Desktop Metal, Burlington, Massachusetts, has announced the closing of a $160 million funding round, led by Koch Disruptive Technologies (KDT), to advance the global commercialisation and drive adoption of its metal Additive Manufacturing technology. Since its inception in 2015, Desktop Metal has received a total of $438 million in funding, said to be the largest total funding of any private AM company to date.
KDT, a subsidiary of Koch Industries, one of the largest privately-held companies in America, is an investment firm focused on finding and funding innovative and emerging technologies. In the last six years, the company has invested more than $17 billion into technology companies.
Desktop Metal states that its Production System is the world's fastest metal AM system for mass production, with over 400% productivity over the closest Binder Jetting alternatives and speeds more than 100 times faster than Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) systems currently in the market. Further, the Production System is designed to additively manufacture a range of alloys, including reactive metals such as titanium and aluminium, using metal powders reported to be 80% lower in cost than metals used in LBPF AM.
The Studio System, meanwhile, is described as the world's first and only metal AM system which is able to build and sinter parts in an office environment. This system is now shipping in volume and is available through a global sales network of more than eight-five sales partners in forty-eight countries.
Early customers of the Studio System include Ford, Stanley Black and Decker, Goodyear, 3M, Google's ATAP, BMW, ProtoLabs, Owens Corning, L3, TerraPower, Medtronic, Continental AG, Applied Materials, TECT Aerospace, US Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, MITRE and leading educational institutions such as MIT, University of Texas, Texas A&M and Diman Regional Vocational Technical High School.
Additional investors in this Series E funding round include GV (formerly Google Ventures), Panasonic, and Techtronic Industries, as well as previous venture capital investors in the company, including Lux Capital, New Enterprise Associates (NEA) and Kleiner Perkins.


The Central government brought in force provisions enabling constitution of the Monetary Policy Committee on 27 June 2016.
The Rules govern the selection, appointment and terms of service of members of the Committee. Three of its six members will be from the Reserve Bank of India and the remaining will be chosen for their expertise in economics, banking and monetary policy.
The Committee, envisaged in Finance Act 2016, is seen as the means to maintain price stability, while balancing sufficient growth.
The central government also notified factors constituting failure to achieve the inflation target under Section 45ZN of the RBI Act 1934: average inflation greater than upper tolerance level of target, or less than the lower tolerance level of target, for three consecutive quarters.


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The presidential candidates switched Thursday from state-by-state campaigns into nationwide quests for victories and convention delegates - targeting multiple states, making tactical trade-offs, relying on surrogates as stand-ins and pressing urgent fundraising.
Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., accepted the endorsement of Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., in South Carolina, hoping the backing by the Democrats' 2004 presidential nominee would bolster his nationwide momentum heading into the delegate-rich nomination contests in 26 states on Feb. 5.
Kerry's support was not expected to have much impact in South Carolina's first-in-the-South Democratic primary Jan. 26 - a contest where the latest statewide poll on Thursday showed Obama leading Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton, D-N.Y., 42 percent to 30 percent.
Clinton ended 36 hours of rest, campaign consultations and television appearances at her home in Chappaqua, N.Y., to fly to Nevada to focus attention on the mortgage foreclosure crisis and to canvass potential caucusgoers before the state's caucuses Jan. 19. It was her first campaign appearance since her surprise comeback victory in the New Hampshire primary on Tuesday.
Obama planned to follow Clinton to Nevada Friday to celebrate his endorsement by Nevada's 60,000-member Culinary Workers Union Local 226, which represents many workers in Las Vegas' multibillion-dollar hotel and gambling industry. The union had announced support for Obama on Wednesday hours after his second-place finish in New Hampshire, behind Clinton.
The withdrawal of New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson from the Democratic race after fourth-place finishes in Iowa and New Hampshire narrowed the field. Richardson's departure also ended the possibility that Democrats would choose a governor as the party's presidential nominee - the office that prepared the last two Democratic presidents, Bill Clinton and Jimmy Carter.
Former North Carolina Sen. John Edwards vowed to remain in the race until the convention in Denver in August. But hopes for his revival appeared to depend on Clinton or Obama suffering a crippling campaign setback that would open the way for him to become the alternative.
Among Republicans, Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., left Sen. Sam Brownback, R-Kan., to court voters in Michigan's Jan. 15 primary, while McCain went to South Carolina to rally support among veterans. McCain is banking on fellow veterans to help trump the support of evangelical Christians for his main rival in the state's GOP primary Jan. 19 - former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee.
Latest statewide polls showed McCain leading the GOP field by nine percentage points in Michigan and by three percentage points in the GOP primary in South Carolina. The most recent nationwide surveys completed before the New Hampshire primary showed Huckabee leading McCain among Republicans by an average of two percentage points.
Gathering in Myrtle Beach, S.C., for a debate Thursday night, Republican rivals backed a blend of tax and spending cuts to head off an election-year recession they generally agreed is not inevitable.
"We should reduce taxes on middle-income Americans immediately," former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney said.
"The first thing is not to raise taxes," said former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee. "Cut the marginal tax rate, if anything, and eventually go to a fair tax," he added, referring to his plan for a national sales tax to replace the income tax.
McCain stressed spending cuts to get the budget deficit under control, although he also said it was important not to let Bush administration-era tax cuts expire. He pledged to "wield the veto pen" and block all pork-barrel spending bills that Congress sends him.


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Pratap Bhanu Mehta: 'Colloquially Speaking, This is a Fascist Government'
In an outspoken and hard-hitting interview, the former Vice Chancellor of Ashoka University speaks at length about Modi 2.0 and says that this government is "more insidious" than Indira Gandhi's government of 1975-77.
This story was first published in The Wire on January 29, 2020 and is being republished today because of the news of Pratap Bhanu Mehta's sudden resignation from Ashoka University.
New Delhi: In an outspoken and hard-hitting interview to The Wire, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, former vice chancellor of Ashoka University and one of contemporary India's most highly regarded political thinkers, has said the Narendra Modi government, "colloquially speaking, is fascist".
Mehta said even though the government is committed to winning elections to secure power, "in every other way it ticks the checklist of fascist qualities". After specifying in detail what these are, Mehta concludes that "colloquially speaking, this is a fascist government and it is, therefore, not incorrect to use that term".
Asked whether it was justified or exaggerated to compare the Modi government with Indira Gandhi's Emergency, Mehta said that in many ways this government is "more insidious" than Indira Gandhi's government of 1975-77. He said this was clearly discernible when you look at the intent behind the behaviour of the two governments. In the 1970s, Indira Gandhi's intent was to secure her position and consolidate her individual authority. Today, Modi's intent is to push his majoritarian and authoritarian agenda as well as Hindutva.
In a 60-minute interview to Karan Thapar for The Wire, his first for television in recent years, Mehta spoke at length about the second Modi government.
He said: "India is governed by a regime whose sole raison d'etre is to find an adversarial rallying point and crush it by brute force… It now legitimises itself, not by its positive accomplishments, but by using the enemy as a rallying point. Three consequences flow from this. First, the government's strategy is to divide people and remain in power. The government's strategy is not to solve old issues; it is to divert attention by bringing in new adversaries in the hope that we remain divided."
"The second consequence is the government's intolerance of those who disagree with it or oppose it. "All that matters is the crushing of real and imaginary enemies, by hook or by crook… The state will… encourage violence against anyone who is not in tune with it," he said. "Finally, the third consequence is the impact such a government has on the people of the country. It annihilates our will, our reason, our spirit, so that we all become willing supplicants in its ideological project."
Mehta said that he feared that the clear and obvious majoritarian and authoritarian agenda of the Modi government would change the sort of people we are and he was not sure that it would be easy or even possible for some future governments to reverse the process and return India to what it used to be.
Asked what India would look and feel like two-three years down the road if things continue like this, Mehta said that he believed we are going back to the 1970s. India is exhibiting the same divisiveness, the same protests and the same lack of confidence in our future. At another point in the interview he said that for the first time after decades he couldn't say with confidence that younger generations would lead a better life than our generation.
Mehta said that at this critical point, India's elite are letting down the country. They are either complicit in what is happening or unwilling to stand up, possibly out of cowardice. He first spoke broadly about the middle class but then, specifically, about the Courts and business leaders whose silence was emboldening the government. Speaking about the Supreme Court, Mehta said that it has simply failed to stand up for the constitutional values and principles that it's committed to uphold. In particular he spoke about the court's failure to hear habeas corpus cases which he said define the core of a democracy. He said this is "inexplicable".
Questioned about the de-operationalisation of Article 370 and the division and demotion of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories, Mehta said that this had happened after a long history of deliberate denial and betrayal of democracy and other civil rights to the Kashmiri people.
Speaking about the Citizenship Amendment Act and the National Register of Citizens, he said the government was "pulling the wool over our eyes" when it claims this will not target muslims and threaten their citizenship. He said the very fact detention centres are being built establishes that the government knows that this process will strip thousands of people off their citizenship (and not necessarily all muslims) but won't admit it.
On the nationwide protests by young Indians as well as protests like Shaheen Bagh, which are occurring in several cities, Mehta said they represent a clear challenge to Modi's "apocalyptic vision".
He said it was remarkable that the protestors were using the constitution, the flag and Ambedkar to challenge and confront the government. He does not believe that these protests will fizzle out but he's not certain that they can change the direction of the government.
Watch | Economic Situation Is 'Very Bad, Could Get a Lot Worse': Pronab Sen
For that to happen the protests need to blend with an opposition electoral strategy and that shows no sign of happening. He says India's opposition parties and Congress, in particular, are squandering this moment.
Asked if he thought Rahul Gandhi would ever become prime minister, Mehta said "circumstances may make him" and that it was hard to predict. As he put it, who could have foreseen that Rajiv Gandhi would become prime minister or, after winning over 400 seats, and that his authority would collapse so rapidly and his term end badly.
Finally, speaking about the dire economic situation the country is facing, Mehta said it was hard to accept the government's claim this is cyclical because the cycle has gone on for so long. He says right up till four years ago the 21st century had been characterised by optimism and the belief that India was moving in the right direction. In the last four years that seems to have reversed. Earlier, the country expected a growth rate between 6% and 8%. Now, he said, we would be lucky if we could end between "3% and 5%".
Asked if he thought the government has the economic understanding and resolve to handle the problem or is in denial and, therefore, unlikely to do so, he said the real issue was that the government doesn't seem to be concerned about the economic crisis. It isn't a matter of priority. The government's focus is on its political agenda i.e. majoritarianism, authoritarianism and Hindutva.
The above is a paraphrase of Pratap Bhanu Mehta's interview except, of course, where things are placed in quotation marks. Please see the full interview for accurate details of what he has said. Here is the link to the full interview:


With an increasing student population, The College of New Jersey hired Settembrino Architects to expand the recently renovated Eickhoff Dining Hall to create an additional 80 to 100 seats. The area designated for expansion, however, required the relocation of college offices to Holman Hall. A seamless dining hall expansion design and a phased construction schedule for the relocation of the college offices provided additional challenges for the design team. An August 2011 project completion demanded a high level of coordination and planning to minimize operational disruptions.
As the Settembrino Architects team reviewed the recently renovated Eickhoff Dining Hall, the intent was to design an expansion imperceivable from the original design. Settembrino Architects continued floor patterns, color schemes, lighting, seating and ceiling designs to achieve an expansion as if originally designed at the start of the previous renovation. Office renovations to Holman Hall to accommodate the relocated college offices from Eickhoff Hall required careful planning to address privacy and individual and group meeting concerns. Barrier Free updates to toilet rooms and exterior ramps were required as well.


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Bella Hadid Bares Lots of Skin for Sexy 'V Magazine' Spread!
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Steve Hansen claims Romain Poite 'overthought' controversial late call
I told you I'm not going to talk about it. "I don't think we are investing enough into upskilling the referees", Kirwan said. I kind of think "less is more" i...
Man United set to hijack another Chelsea transfer
CHELSEA are in danger of being beaten by Manchester United to ANOTHER transfer target - with Monaco growing exhausted of the Blues chase of Tiemoue Bakayok...
India pull out of Hockey Pro League, replacement to be named
Soon after the launch, FIH CEO Jason McCracken had said Hockey India was a "strong supporter" of the tournament. According to Indian media, the relationships ...
Raptors trade SF DeMarre Carroll to Nets
The Raptors needed someone to slow down LeBron James and they thought Carroll could be the next elite defensive player to stop the King. He never played a g...
Analysts Anticipate LaSalle Hotel Properties (NYSE:LHO) to Announce $0.82 EPS
Evercore maintained LaSalle Hotel Properties (NYSE: LHO ) rating on Monday, September 7. As per Wednesday, April 26, the company rating was maintained by Jeffer...
Dodgers win with walk-off walk in 10 innings
Bellinger ended his 11-game home run drought with the tying run in the bottom of the eighth that answered Salvador Perez's go-ahead solo shot from the top of th...
Rob Font Submits Douglas Silva de Andrade in Dominant Showing
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Mets outfielder Brandon Nimmo goes on DL with collapsed lung
Conforto is the team's lone All-Star and should get regular at-bats along with Yoenis Cespedes. For a few days, the Mets outfielder thought little of it. "I d...
Wizards match Nets' offer for Otto Porter Jr
Shortly after Porter signed the Nets' offer sheet July 4, The Vertical's Chris Mannix reported the Wizards meant to match it. And they have, reports Cand...
Bradley Lowery: Defoe pens emotional farewell letter
Later that day, Bradley's parents confirmed via Facebook that their son had passed away, leading to an outpouring of grief right across the football community. ...
Rio Tinto plc 19.8% Potential Upside Indicated by Macquarie
The stock had a trading volume of 3,722,065 shares. About 1.47M shares traded. In an analyst report sent to investors and clients on 5 July, Goldman Sachs rec...
Rolls-Royce Holdings PLC (RYCEY) Position Maintained by Ironwood Investment Management LLC
Finally, Credit Suisse Group reaffirmed an underperform rating and issued a GBX 665 ($8.61) price objective on shares of Rolls-Royce Holding PLC in a research n...
New Analyst Ratings On First Industrial Realty Trust, Inc. (NYSE:FR)
It has underperformed by 23.89% the S&P500. Four analysts have made estimates for Independence Realty Trust's earnings. On average, analysts expect that First I...
Rob Kardashian's Instagram account disappears after outburst
Blac Chyna has filed for temporary restraining orders against Rob Kardashian after he allegedly leaked explicit photos of her, her attorney, Lisa Bloom , ...
Manchester United announce Everton have accepted transfer fee bid for Romelu Lukaku
He's incredibly talented and I've seen him destroy defences but personally I've never been his biggest fan. And despite the Swede's departure this summer, the...
Dani Alves set for medical with Manchester City
However, L'Equipe claim this evening that there could be a twist with advanced negotiations for Paris Saint-Germain. PSG's sporting director Antero Henrique r...
Bundy Hopes To End The Losing Streak As Twins Host Orioles
He returned from Class AAA Rochester and went 3-for-4 with a tying two-run double. Sano's solo homer in the third gave the Twins a 1-0 lead. He struck out six...
More join chorus of doubts over Wimbledon court safety
The problems stem from the hot, humid yet mostly rain-free weather over Wimbledon's first week. Jamie Murray, who lost his men's doubles match on Court 18 on ...
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Federer - and those supposedly sweaty palms of his - won 7-6 (3), 6-4, 6-4, showing why he is seen as the master of time as well as tennis ahead of turning 36 n...
Uber ride-booking driver charged with sexual assault in Brisbane
Detectives are investing "strong leads" and believe the man has sexually assaulted other young woman collected from central Brisbane late at night during the pa...
Pistons get Bradley, sending Morris to Celtics
Hammons and a 2023 second-round draft pick. Even if the Celtics made a decision to trade Jae Crowder , the Celtics need to have more resources for their front...
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Dave Semenko, a two-time Stanley Cup victor and linemate of Wayne Gretzky with the Edmonton Oilers , died Thursday of pancreatic cancer at age 59. The cause ...
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Abstract day/night clock web app

This is a web app made using JavaScript, CSS and HTML. The "clock" is formed using features of the 'Roswell Rock' as parts of a clock. Colors change at 6P and 6A for day and night versions.


The relegation battle continues. Wigan Athletic will be hosting the potential top 4 finishers, Tottenham Hotspurs, as they fight for their lives to survive in the Premier League. Newcastle will be looking to seal their Premier League status when they come up against Liverpool FC on Saturday.
Wigan is the ultimate relegation team and always seems to find the correct formula as the season ends. Their battle was heavily dented last weekend when they suffered a 2-0 defeat to West Ham United and with other relegation stricken clubs like Sunderland, Stoke and Norwich City all winning. Maloney is to player to watch. So far, he has knocked up 6 goals and 5 assists this season playing a vital part in the Latics midfield.
The Magpies have only recorded one victory in the last five Premier league matches which has seen them get dragged closer to the relegation scrap. Even though they've had a good run within the Europa League, Newcastle's league performances have been less than acceptable from their own point of view. Even though they are still 6 points away from the drop the Newcastle faithful will be hoping to put this season behind them. They will also be looking to make amends and put the Derby defeat behind them last time out against Sunderland. Papiss Cissé is the man to watch. This season, Cissé has scored 16 goals for Newcastle, which is more than double the amount of the player behind him.
The Reds will be looking to get everyone to concentrate on their footballing ability rather than the additional bad publicity that has been attached to Luis Suarez in the previous week. All of the hype will be attached to Suarez's 10 match ban for biting Ivanovic but Brendon Rodgers will be hoping for a positive reaction from the rest of the team. Steven Gerrard knows it will be a tough challenge against the Magpies. The Liverpool legend is known for his tough tackling, long range strikes and dedication.


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Nearly Half a Millennium of Antarctic Temperatures
Thamban, M., Laluraj, C.M., Naik, S.S. and Chaturvedi, A. 2011. Reconstruction of Antarctic climate change using ice core proxy records from coastal Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Journal of the Geological Society of India 78: 19-29.
Working with an ice core (IND-22/B4) that had been extracted during the austral summer of 2003 from the coastal region of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica (70°51.3'S, 11°32.2'E) -- which activity was part of the 22nd Indian Antarctic Expedition -- the authors developed 470-year histories of δ18O and δD that "showed similar down core fluctuations with [an] excellent positive relationship (R2 = 0.9; n = 216) between the two." And based on a δ18O vs. surface air temperature (SAT) relationship developed for this region by Naik et al. (2001), they derived the regional temperature history depicted below.
Figure 1. Surface air temperature (SAT) as derived from δ18O data vs. time in years AD. Adapted from Thamban et al. (2011).
In the words of the four Indian researchers, "the estimated surface air temperature at the core site revealed a significant warming of 2.7°C with a warming of ~0.6°C per century for the past 470 years."
Climate alarmists have long predicted that CO2-induced global warming -- which they claim has (1) accelerated significantly over the course of the 20th century and is (2) unprecedented with respect to the past millennium or more -- should be (3) greatly amplified in earth's polar regions. However, Thamban et al.'s results clearly indicate that all three of these climate-alarmist claims are false in regard to this portion of the planet's southern polar region.
Naik, S.S., Thamban, M., Laluraj, C.M., Redkar, B.L. and Chaturvedi, A. 2001. A century of climate variability in central Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, and its relation to Southern Annual Mode and El Nino Southern Oscillation. Journal of Geophysical Research 115: 10.1029/2009JD013268.
Reviewed 4 January 2012


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Q: How can i hide first empty column and headings row in a TKINTER TREEVIEW? I need to hide first empty column and headings row in a tkinter treeview using python. (as you know, 'show=headings' hides first empty column but shows headings, 'show=tree' hides headings but shows headings)
Is there a way to hide both? thx all


If you clean up a mess or clean up a place where there is a mess, you make things tidy and free of dirt again.
To clean up something such as the environment or an industrial process means to make it free from substances or processes that cause pollution.
If the police or authorities clean up a place or area of activity, they make it free from crime, corruption, and other unacceptable forms of behaviour.
If you go and clean up, you make yourself clean and tidy, especially after doing something that has made you dirty.
If someone cleans up, they make a large profit or get a lot of money.
to make oneself clean and neat; get washed, combed, etc.
Uso ocasional. clean up es una de las 30000 palabras más usadas del Diccionario Collins.


Dongguan Seeposh Lighting Technology Co., Ltd. was founded in 2010. Seeposh designs and provides customized LED lighting, primarily for display cases that house watches, jewelry, cosmetics, handbags, mobile phones, and similar items. Seeposh is widely installed throughout the world in name brand boutiques, department stores, urban shopping malls and exclusive hotels. .
Seeposh patented technology has been certified through CE, ROHS, UL and FCC. Thus, it is backed by a highly qualified R&D team, state-of-the-art manufacturing equipment, and dedicated work force, to include a seasoned after-market staff for consultations. Quality, fit and performance of the product are central to the sales process and customer satisfaction is paramount. .
The Seeposh mission: "Allow the lighting to enhance the fashion." Given that goal, we strive to be the preferred illumination choice for all industries cited above, providing a quality product at a fair price. .
Quality is the most important things.