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Gotthard Wilhelm Freiherr Marcks von Würtemberg, seit 1720 Marcks von Würtemberg, seit 1759 Freiherr, (; * 4. Mai 1688 in Riga; † 17. Februar 1778 in Gotthardsberg, Södermanland) war ein schwedischer Feldmarschall.

Leben

Herkunft und Familie
Gotthard Wilhelm war Angehöriger und Mitstifter des schwedischen Adelsgeschlechts Marcks von Würtemberg, zudem Stifter der freiherrlichen Linie des selbigen.

Er wurde 1720 gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder, dem schwedischen Oberstleutnant Carl Gustaf Marcks (1693–1775) in den schwedischen Adelsstand erhoben und bei der Ritterklasse der schwedischen Ritterschaft introduziert (Nr. 1726). 1759 wurde er in den schwedischen Freiherrenstand erhoben und 1776 bei der Freiherrenklasse der schwedischen Ritterschaft introduziert (Nr. 263).

Seine Eltern waren der aus Bremen stammende Festungsschatzmeister in Reval, Pernau und Dorpat Johann Marcks (1640–1710) und Anna Margareta, geborene (von) Rehausen (1659–1741).

Er vermählte sich 1710 in erster Ehe mit Anna Elisabeth, geborene Hauenschildt, verwitwete Wrangel (1678–1743) einer Tochter des schwedischen Generalmajors Detloff Hauenschildt († 1703). 1744 ging er mit Elisabet Freiin Gyllenstierna af Lundholm (1713–1798) eine zweite Ehe ein. Aus beiden Ehen sind insgesamt fünf Söhne und eine Tochter hervorgegangen.

Werdegang
Marcks studierte zunächst in Pernau, bevor er sich 1699 als Freiwilliger in schwedische Dienste der Garnison in Pernau begab und bereits 1703 zum Leiter (Konduktör) der Festung ebd. avancierte.

Er trat dann 1705 als Fähnrich im Régiment de Royal Suèdois unter Erik Sparre af Sundby (1665–1726) in französische Dienste und kämpfte im Spanischen Erbfolgekrieg unter anderem in den Schlachten bei Ramillies, Oudenaarde und Malplaquet. Während dieser Zeit erhielt er seine Beförderung zum Leutnant und die zum Sekonde-Kapitän.

Als er 1710 nach Schweden zurückkehrte wurde er Regimentsquartiermeister unter Karl von Nieroth († 1712) und Kapitän im Nylands-Infanterieregiment. Noch im selben Jahr stieg er im Regiment zum Major auf. Er war 1717 Generaladjutant der jütländischen Armee und 1719 in gleicher Stellung bei der Stockholmer Armee. Bereits 1718 hatte er unter Carl Gustaf Armfelt (1666–1736) an der norwegischen Kampagne teilgenommen und sich während dessen mehrfach hervorgetan. Nach seiner Nobilitierung wurde Marcks von Würtemberg 1727 Oberstleutnant beim Karelischen Schwadron und 1739 Oberst im Jämtlands-Dragoner-Regiment. Er avancierte 1747 zum Generalmajor der Kavallerie, erhielt 1750 den Seraphinenorden und wurde im selben Jahr Regimentschef des Södermanlands-Regiments. Er stieg 1751 zum Generalleutnant und 1755 zum General der Infanterie auf. Dem Freiherrenstand folgte 1763 die Ernennung zum Feldmarschall. 1772 hat er seinen Abschied erhalten.

Marcks von Würtemberg war Erbherr auf Högsrum im Kirchspiel Fliseryds, Kalmar län. Er wurde in der Kirche zu Lebro, Södermanland begraben wo ein Epitaph erhalten ist.

Literatur

Weblinks
 Gotthard Vilhelm Marcks von Würtemberg auf adelsvapen.com (= Gustaf Elgenstierna: Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor, Stockholm 1925–1936; schwedisch).
 Gotthard Wilhelm Marcks von Würtenberg auf Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, Webpräsenz des schwedischen Reichsarchivs (schwedisch).

Einzelnachweise

Feldmarschall (Schweden)
Regimentsinhaber der Frühen Neuzeit
Person im Spanischen Erbfolgekrieg
Person im Großen Nordischen Krieg (Schweden)
Träger des Seraphinenordens
Kavallerist (Schweden)
Deutsch-Balte
Nobilitierter (Schweden)
Freiherr (Schweden)
Schwede
Geboren 1688
Gestorben 1778
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Just when you thought it was safe to go back to the toy store….Earlier today, MGM released the first look at the upcoming remake for Child's Play, a slasher film with the red-headed doll from Hell at its center.
Lars Klevberg, an up and coming director, will be handling the remake of the classic 1988 classic slasher, and he has definitely brought Chucky to the modern age. Karen Barclay, played by Aubrey Plaza, gets her son, Andy (Gabriel Bateman) the latest iteration of Kasdan Corporation's tech: the Buddi doll. With the team behind IT working on the remake, we have high hopes!
In the trailer, we see Chucky scan Andy's face the moment he opens the box. And it is all downhill from there. Audiences can expect to see the same rage-filled Chucky, purely motivated by murder and mischief, but in this modern remake, the doll isn't possessed by the soul of a mass murderer. It's just technology that wants to murder us….
Child's Play will hack and slash its way into theatres this summer on June 21, 2019.
Are you looking forward to the new remake? Let us know in the comments below, and keep coming back to Mammoth Gamers for all your Chucky updates!
Previous article Can I Enjoy Kingdom Hearts III If I Only Played One Game?


Copper Wimmin are three obstreperous young women who set audiences on fire with their brilliant lyrics, haunting voices and fierce harmonies. They create a sacred hurricane of sound which leaves their audiences spellbound and often, in tears. Creating a buzz wherever they go, these vocal amazons have been singing together since they were twelve years old. They have evolved a sound so moving, so pure, that upon hearing them many recall a collective memory in which women sang together in caves and cathedrals before time began. Copper Wimmin are a sonic epiphany. They weave their voices together so expertly that it is hard to know where one voice ends and the other begins. The combined impact of the arrangements, lyrical content and outrageous stage presence is that of a sublime sledgehammer effortlessly crashing through the door that separates the soulless from the sacred. Also appearing on the Bay Area Regionals stage in 1999, they were also finalists in the Lilith Fair talent search.


The state yesterday applied to reopen its case in the Schabir Shaik fraud and corruption trial, saying a new document, originally seized with others from Nkobi Holdings' offices by the Scorpions, had come to light.
Prosecutor Billy Downer told the court the "unsigned" document had only come to the state's attention on Wednesday this week.
The contents of the unsigned document were not revealed in court, as it still has to be presented as evidence. On the face of it, it appears to be a draft of a letter from Deputy President Jacob Zuma to Renong chairman Tan Sri Halim Saad regarding the redevelopment of the Durban Point waterfront.
Downer said the letter "strongly resembled" another one Shaik had written and which had already been submitted as uncontested evidence.
Shaik denied knowledge of the new letter.
The defence contested the reopening of the state's case, saying the state had had ample time during its investigations and the presentation of its case to locate and present the document.
Judge Hillary Squires is expected to make a ruling on the state's request this morning.
Downer questioned Shaik's response about the letter, saying that the state could prove that he (Shaik) had in fact composed the draft letter.
Defence counsel Francois van Zyl said Downer would also have an opportunity to raise the issue during the closing of arguments.
In response, Downer said not allowing the evidence at this stage in the trial allowed Shaik to avoid cross-examination and prevented him from offering an explanation.
Earlier in the day Shaik admitted to being "under a lot of stress" resulting in his words "spinning out of context".
Shaik was yesterday facing his fourth day of cross-examination relating to two charges of corruption and one of fraud.
"I am trying to be accurate and I ask for your forgiveness," Shaik said.
His comments followed incessant questioning from Downer on why he "was equivocating *1" about his version of the events surrounding an auditors' meeting to discuss the irregular write-off of R1,2m from the Nkobi books.
Shaik has repeatedly told the court he employed professionals and "just signed" the financial statements they compiled.
He has also squarely laid the blame for the write-off on David Strachan & Taylor tax partner Paul Geiring and Nkobi financial director Colin Isaacs.
Under cross-examination he has claimed ignorance about the details of the meeting, but his evidence in chief last week reflected he was updated by Geiring and Isaacs.
The meeting allegedly followed the resignation of Nkobi accountant Celia Bester.
In her resignation letter, Bester outlined her objection to transacting the "irregular" payments to Zuma through the company books.
With acknowledgements to Nicola Jenvey and Business Day.
*1 anudda of da grate fallacies in the arsenal of the fibba.


text:
Q: Why does consecutive calls to Server.Transfer change the url? I'm using Server.Transfer to load the contents of another page when clicking a button. This works as expected and the url stays the same. However, if I try to load a third page at the click of a button in the second page, the url changes to that of the second page. I would expect it to keep the url of the first page.
Example:

*

*Page1.aspx loads.

*

*Url: .../Page1.aspx

*Content: Page1.aspx

*Server.Transfer("~/Page2.aspx") on button click.

*

*Url: .../Page1.aspx

*Content: Page2.aspx

*Server.Transfer("~/Page3.aspx") on button click

*

*Url: .../Page2.aspx

*Content: Page3.aspx
Why does the url change in the third step?

A: When you call Server.Transfer() the execution of the 1st page is stopped and the 2nd page is executed instead within the same HTTP request. The 2nd page (Page2.aspx) is then executed in the same way that it would be for a any normal request made directly to its URL, so the action of the form is set to its own URL (despite being called from Server.Transfer()).
If this was not the case then when the form is submitted it would post to Page1.aspx (as you  are expecting), but this page would not necessarily contain the same controls and be able to process the request.

A: This one may help:
Response.Redirect("~/page.aspx",false)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Five years after 2002 Gujarat pogrom: While the victims languish, the perpetrators go unpunished
Five years after 2002 Gujarat pogrom: While the victims languish, the perpetrators go unpunished
By K. Nesan and Kranti Kumara – World Socialist Web Site
Despite the passage of more than five years since the February-March 2002 anti-Muslim pogrom in the Indian state of Gujarat, not a single one of the principal perpetrators of this horrific crime has been punished. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of Muslims who were driven from their towns and villages by roving bands of Hindu supremacist thugs still languish in relief camps without electricity or running water.
There is much evidence to show that leading figures in the Hindu-supremacist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) (which headed India's Union and Gujarat governments in 2002) and its Hindu-chauvinist allies—the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS, literally National Volunteer's Association), Bajrang Dal (Hindu youth organization) and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad (World Hindu Council)—fomented and organized the carnage in Gujarat, which resulted in the slaughter of more than two thousand Muslims and left tens of thousands of others homeless and jobless. (see "India: further evidence Hindu-supremacist BJP culpable in Gujarat pogrom")
One of the chief abettors of the massacre was Narendra Modi, then as now Gujarat's chief minister. Notwithstanding his role in inciting the violence and ensuring that security forces took no effective action to protect Gujarat's Muslims, Modi not only continues to head Gujarat's government and to serve as one of the principal leaders of the BJP at the national-level. In 2005 he was honoured for leading the "best-governed" state in India by the Congress Party-connected Rajiv Gandhi Foundation. A think-tank created to honour former Congress Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, the Rajiv Gandhi Foundation's trustees include the current Congress Party president, Sonia Gandhi, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and Finance Minister Chidambaram.
The Congress Party portrays itself as a bulwark of secularism and an implacable opponent of Hindu chauvinism. Yet despite heading India's United Progressive Alliance (UPA) coalition government for the past three years, it has not seen fit to use the resources of the state to mount a serious investigation into the Gujarat pogrom so as to lay bare the role played by the Hindu supremacist right and various security forces and punish the guilty.
The Gujarat pogrom occurred in an atmosphere of anti-Pakistan (and by implication anti-Muslim) hysteria whipped-up the BJP-led Union government following a reputed terrorist attack on India's parliament in December 2001. Accusing Pakistan of complicity in the terrorist attack, the BJP-dominated National Democratic Alliance government placed the country on a war footing and deployed hundreds of thousands of troops to Gujarat and the other Indian states that border Pakistan.
While the perpetrators of the Gujarat program remain at liberty, 209 people—Muslims, Dalits (i.e., ex-untouchables), and tribals—who were first arrested in 2002 under the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA—a BJP law formally repealed by the UPA in 2004) remain in detention. (see "Repeal of India's draconian anti-terrorism law: Largely a cosmetic change")
The 209 are among hundreds of people from various religious and ethnic minorities whom the Gujarat authorities seized under the draconian, dragnet provisions of POTA for their alleged complicity in the February 27, 2002 train fire at Godhra, the incident that served as the pretext for the unleashing of mass anti-Muslim violence.
Some 60 Hindu chauvinist activists perished in the Godhra train fire. Gujarat's BJP government and the police claimed that the Hindu activists had come under attack because of their Hindu supremacist views. Subsequent investigation has punctured numerous holes in the government's and police's version of events; the train fire was likely an accident.
But the BJP government then as now is not the least interested in uncovering the truth of what happened at Godhra. With Chief Minister Modi in the lead, the Gujarat authorities fomented anti-Muslim hysteria, proclaiming that Gujarat's "Muslims" were collectively responsible for the deaths of "Hindus" at Godhra.
And India's then Prime Minister, Atal Vajpayee, whom the corporate media has extolled as a BJP elder statesman and voice of moderation, rushed to excuse the subsequent bloodletting in Gujarat with the quip, "What happened after the Godhra incident is deplorable, but the issue is, who started it?"
The continuing persecution of Gujarat's Muslim minority
Five years on, Gujarat's Muslims continue to live in fear and misery. The state government has made a show of refusing to accept relief money from the central government, even as tens of thousands of Muslims have been condemned to live in squalor in relief camps. Those Muslims who have returned to their hometowns and villages in the years since the pogrom have frequently been forced to make "concessions" to their Hindu chauvinist tormentors and must live under the constant threat of renewed Hindu supremacist violence.
Many Muslims were only able to return to their home villages after "agreeing" to drop criminal cases filed against "Hindus," i.e., against those who had killed their family members and/or set fire to their dwellings and shops.
In many Gujarat villages, the local mosque has had to cease making calls to prayer and Muslims now must celebrate their religious festivals behind closed doors.
In some villages, Muslims, under the threat of violence, have also been compelled to stop openly selling meat.
Gagan Sethi, a member of a monitoring committee of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), told the Hindustan Times, "There is a grudging acceptance that Muslims have to keep their heads down and keep a low profile."
The BJP state government has provided only a pittance in aid to the victims of the 2002 pogrom and has refused on the flimsiest of pretexts to provide money to restore damaged or razed mosques and Muslim-owned businesses.
According to Preeta Jha, of the volunteer group Nyayagraha, "There are severe lifestyle changes and (Gujarat Mulsims') livelihood has been affected. Their economic spine has been broken."
To commemorate the fifth anniversary of the anti-Muslim violence and demand that the guilty be punished, more than 6,000 angry survivors demonstrated last month in Ahmedabad, the capital of Gujarat.
The Best Bakery Case
The "Best Bakery Case" has come to symbolize how Gujarat's Muslims have been denied justice and often further victimized by India's legal system.
On March 1, 2002 a huge mob surrounded and set fire to Best Bakery, a Muslim, family-owned, bakery. Fourteen people, 11 Muslims and 3 Hindus, perished in the fire.
Twenty-one people were subsequently arrested and charged with various crimes relating to the Best Bakery arson deaths. However, in July 2003 all the accused were released, with the court citing "lack of evidence" after the principal prosecution witness—Zaheera Sheikh, the 19-year-old daughter of the bakery's owner—retracted her initial statement to the police.
Zaheera Sheikh later revealed that she had recanted after she and the surviving members of her family had been threatened with reprisals by a BJP state-legislator.
The case was subsequently reopened and a trial ordered out of state in Mumbai (Bombay). During this second trial Zaheera Sheikh again gave contradictory testimony.
Rather than showing any sympathy towards this confused, distraught and terrified young woman, India's Supreme Court proclaimed itself duty bound to show zero tolerance to perjury. Zaheera Sheikh was found guilty of perjury and sentenced to a year in prison and a mammoth fine. Only recently was she released from jail after serving her full sentence.
Meanwhile, the BJP state legislator who threatened her and her family has escaped any legal sanction.
The Congress Party-led UPA declares that it is helpless to intervene in Gujarat to aid the pogrom's victims in obtaining justice since "law and order" is a state responsibility. This argument is made despite the fact that successive Indian governments have deployed hundreds of thousands of troops in Kashmir and India's northeast in the name of upholding "law and order."
There are ample provisions in the Indian constitution allowing the central government to directly intervene in a state, including the power to dismiss a state government and impose central government rule, should the state government fail to uphold the constitution. Congress-led governments, including the current UPA regime, have frequently made use of the "president's rule" provisions of the Indian constitution for brazen partisan political reasons, but the UPA government has no intention of sacking Gujarat's blood-soaked BJP regime.
Rebutting the UPA's "helplessness" argument, a recent commentary in the Times of India noted, "[Article] 355 of the Constitution authorizes, indeed requires" the central government "to intervene in situations of grave internal strife" (emphasis added).
Of Gujarat, the commentary further observed, "There is perhaps no instance since Independence of such open and sustained denial to a segment of citizens—of elementary rights of security, livelihood, shelter and legal justice—only on the grounds of its adherence to a minority faith."
The Congress Party's reluctance to act against the BJP and its allied Hindutva organizations is not surprising given the Congress's own role in fomenting an anti-Sikh pogrom following the 1984 assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and Congress's long history of conniving with the Hindu supremacist right, including in the violent upheavals that accompanied the 1947 communal partition of India.
In spite of this sordid record, the Stalinist Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPM, continues to peddle the fiction that the Congress Party and UPA can be pressured into bringing justice to Gujarat's Muslim victims.
In an editorial in the March 14 issue of its English-weekly People's Democracy, the CPM writes, "[It] is high time that the UPA government at the centre pulls up its socks and ensures that justice is finally delivered to the victims [of the Gujarat pogrom] and the perpetrators of the crime are punished. This is absolutely essential to restore the confidence of the people in our justice delivery system and regain the confidence in India's secular democracy. This is all the more necessary at a time when the communal forces are sharpening their weapons to once again plunge the country into communal strife to advance their electoral fortunes. The UPA's raison d'ete [sic] is the safeguarding and strengthening of India's secular democratic foundations. If this task is not seriously undertaken, then the UPA would be reduced to a coalition with no character" (emphasis added).
In other words, the CPM and the CPM-led Left Front will ritualistically condemn the UPA for its complicity in the continuing persecution of Gujarat's Muslims, but will continue to provide the UPA with the parliamentary votes it needs to remain in office, all the while fobbing off on the masses the claim that the UPA is the only credible means of blocking the BJP's return to power.
There are several reasons that the Congress Party cannot and will not act against the BJP. The sympathies of significant elements within the Congress, especially in Gujarat, lie not with the Muslim victims of the 2002 pogrom but rather with its instigators. In the December 2002 Gujarat elections the Congress mounted a campaign that even sections of the press derided as "Hindutva-lite."
The Indian bourgeoisie's second party, the BJP, has played a pivotal role in implementing the neo-liberal socioeconomic reform program pioneered by the Congress government of 1991-96 and continued by the current UPA coalition. The Congress relies on the BJP's support in pressing forward with the bourgeoisie's "reform" agenda in the face of widespread popular opposition, even while using it, with the help of the Stalinists, as a right-wing foil, as a means to intimidate the working class and toilers into rallying round the Congress-led UPA as the "lesser evil."
Third, the failure to indict and convict any of the principal perpetrators of the Gujarat pogrom has underscored that wide layers of the police and judiciary are sympathetic to the noxious Hindu supremacist doctrines spouted by the BJP and the RSS. The UPA government fears that were it to mount a serious inquiry into the Gujarat pogrom and its cover-up, it would come under attack from elements within the state and, even more importantly, that such an inquiry could destabilize the state institutions that underpin bourgeois rule by shedding light on the extent to which they have been overrun by fascistic elements.
Last but not least, were the Congress leadership to dig into the BJP's role in fomenting the Gujarat pogrom or the 1992 razing of the Babri Masjid mosque in Ayodhya, there is no doubt the BJP would retaliate by clamouring for an inquiry into the Congress Party's own culpability in the 1984 anti-Sikh massacre. In other words, the two principal parties in the "world's most populous democracy" have a secret understanding to bury each other's foul communal crimes.
- World Socialist Web Site -

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


My graphic design blog features images from my design journal, articles about design, marketing, and small business, as well as case studies. Take a peek behind the scenes of my life as a freelance print designer, and see my creative process.
Do you have a side-hustle? Maybe your business IS your side hustle. And you know what? That is totally OK!
I recently read a statistic that made me really sad. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, more than 60 percent of small businesses cease operating within the first three years of starting.
I have many, many aspiring business owners coming to me for branding help, with a small amount of starting capital and plans to quit their jobs and rent office space because they believe that is the only way that they're business will be a success.
I strongly advise against doing this unless it really is integral to your business's success AND you have the capital to sustain the business for 3-5 years.
We keep our costs as low as possible (both in our personal life and in our businesses).
My husband and I own two businesses between us, plus we have a couple of small online stores. In my own business, I do both project work and recurring work, so I have two different income avenues. As well as doing logo and branding and publication projects I also do graphic design on retainer, which means that I have clients that I do work for consistently each month. This means that I have regular income, so if a project has to be postponed or cancelled at the last minute, or I have a quiet month, I don't have to panic. Before I had my daughter I used to do temping and contract work.
When I started my graphic design business 5 years ago, I had a part time job. It was tricky trying to juggle both, and it meant a lot of late nights (it was pretty common for me to be at my day job from 9-5pm and then come home and do freelance work until midnight).
That's a really scary statistic right? And maybe no amount of side-hustling would've saved those businesses. Maybe they had a bad idea. Maybe they just had no idea what they were doing. But I'll bet that some of those businesses were amazing, and they could've made it if they'd had a bit of extra cash coming in to keep them going just that little bit longer.
What if you could build your dream client from scratch and duplicate them over and over again in the real world? How amazing would that be!
The fact is, you can't sell to everyone because not everyone wants what you have to offer.
Without knowing exactly who your dream client is, you're likely to struggle to attract clients, or attract the wrong clients. Clients that you aren't meant to be serving. Clients that are likely to give you grief because they will never truly value what you have to offer.
Wouldn't you much rather attract the people that you are meant to serve?
The people that are a perfect energetic match for your offering?
Firstly, by making an Ideal Client Profile or ICP (also called a Customer Avatar or Buyer Persona). This is a fictitious character that represents your dream client. Preparing an ICP allows you to get really clear on who your dream client is. It allows you to get inside their heads and see life through her eyes. As you craft new content, products or services, you can put yourself in the shoes of your ICP and know whether or not it will appeal to them.
If you don't have an ICP already, I've created a workbook to help guide you through the process. You can grab it for FREE below! This is the exact process that I go through with my own clients. If you have any questions or you need any help with your ICP, please feel free to email me, I'd be more than happy to help.
How amazing would it be to spend every day working with the client of your dreams? Did you know that there's a magic tool that enables you to build your dream client from scratch and duplicate them over and over again in the real world? It's called an 'Ideal Customer Profile' and if you don't have one, it could be seriously hurting your business.
I've created this FREE workbook and guide to help you to get really clear on who your dream client is and bring them to life! Grab a copy of the guide so you too can discover the client of your dreams.
By entering your email the workbook will be delivered to your inbox you'll be added to my updates list. I'll keep your details safe and you can unsubscribe at any time.
Re-branding is a BIG job and the decision to re-brand should not be taken lightly. The following questions will help you to get really clear on your reasons for re-branding, what will be involved, and will help you decide whether or not a re-brand is the right choice for your business.
1) What is your current brand identity?
Firstly you should start by doing on stocktake on your current branding. This should not only include the elements that make up your visual identity (eg. logo), but also all the places where these items are used (eg. signage). If you've got a small business you may just have a logo and business cards, that's going to be an easy re-brand. But maybe you've also got a website, custom printed packaging, brochures, business cards and uniforms for 25 employees, a shop fit-out and several years of perfectly on-brand content marketing. Is updating or replacing all of these items going to be a viable option?
2) How much will a re-brand cost?
Following on from the previous question, take your list and calculate the rough cost of replacing or updating each item with your new branding. And that's just the monetary costs. What about the cost of losing your existing brand equity? In other words, how many people are already familiar with your existing branding? If you re-branded how many existing customers do you risk losing because they no longer recognise your brand?
3) Why do you want to re-brand?
It's important to be really clear on your reason for wanting to re-brand. Do you just not like your current brand? Maybe you did it yourself and now you want something done professionally? (FYI I've seen plenty of fantastic DIY logos, so this is not necessarily a reason to re-brand). Is a stockist pressuring you to re-brand? Is your existing branding holding you back, or not attracting your ideal clients? Maybe your business has evolved or changed direction. Perhaps you've got a fantastic logo, but your lacking other branding elements such as fonts and colours (in this case perhaps a brand update would suit your needs rather than a full re-brand).
4) Can you afford a re-brand? And will a re-brand be the best use of your funds?
The costs to re-brand can really add up. Will you work with a brand strategist to get really on your brand before you start the design process? There's the cost for a brand designer to create the brand visuals, and then all of the brand collateral items such as business cards, signage, uniforms, and car wraps. And then there's the incidental costs. If you change brand colours and have to close down your shop to re-paint, how much is that going to cost you in lost sales? The money that you'll spend on a re-brand – will that be the best use of your funds? Could it be better spent on advertising or product development?
5) Do you have time to re-brand?
Re-brands can be extremely time consuming. Do you have time to go through the initial planning process, get really clear on your brand objectives, and oversee the brand development process? And once you've got your new brand, do you have time to oversee the updates across all of your brand collateral? And what about the marketing you'll need to do to introduce your new branding? How will that fit into your marketing schedule?
6) Who is your ideal customer? Do you have an ideal customer profile (ICP)?
This is a critically important question to answer because your ideal customer is who your re-brand will be created for. This is who your re-brand will speak to. It's impossible to create an effective brand identity without being crystal clear on every aspect of your ideal customer. If you don't already have an ICP, please get one ASAP!
7) Where do you see your business in 10 years?
What are your long-term aspirations for your business? Your branding should be designed to grow with your business, getting really clear on where you see your business heading will help to create a brand that will continue to serve your business for years to come. And will help you to avoid having to do another re-brand a couple of years down the track!
8) What elements of your current branding work well? Is there anything that you want to keep?
It's important to identity the positive elements of your existing branding. These are elements that you may be able to keep if you re-brand, or will at least give your designer something to draw inspiration from. For example, maybe you don't have a brand colour palette (usually 4-6 colours) but you've been using the colours in your logo and they're working well. This is very useful information for your brand designer to know because you may benefit from including these colours in your new colour palette.
9) What DON'T you like about your current branding?
Following on from the previous question, it's also important to be able to identify things you don't like or aren't working for your current brand. This lets you know what areas of the brand need the most attention, and lets your designer know what to avoid! Maybe you love the look of your logo on its own, but it lacks usability, so when you try to use it (eg. on packaging) it just doesn't seem to work.
10) What do other brands with the same ideal customer as yours do?
These brands may be your competitors or they may be different businesses that happen to have the same ideal customer as you (side note – keep these guys in mind for future collaborations and strategic alliances!) . You can learn a lot from looking at other brands that are already doing a brilliant job of reaching your ideal customer. What does their branding look like? And how does it differ from yours? What can you learn from them?
If you have any questions about re-branding, please contact me – I'm happy to help!
I've been working from home for a while now and I must admit it look me a long time to get used to it! When I first left the corporate world and started working for myself I really struggled. So much so that I rented office space for the first 6 months of my self-employed life because I just could not get anything done at home! I was so used to being in relaxation mode at home and work mode at the office.
Slowly I got used to working for myself and not having a boss managing my schedule for me. I got busier and I didn't have enough time to get it all done at the office so I started doing some work at home. After about 6 months of being self employed I found that I was able to work from home without getting distracted by the tv/washing/bed/food/etc. The idea of not having to put a bra on or drive to the office to work seemed pretty appealing to me so I decided to work from home full time. This time around I found that I could do it! And it was awesome!
Having clear office hours makes it a lot easier to know when to switch to work mode and when to switch off. Some people find it hard to avoid all the distractions and get started on the work, other people feel like they should be working all the time and find it hard to switch off. I do both! Having set office hours makes it easier to know what to prioritise. Pile of dishes? Too bad, you've got to be at your desk ready to start work in 5 minutes so they'll just have to wait. But of course life happens so these hours should be seen more as a guideline rather than a strict rule, sometimes you have to do overtime to meet deadlines, and you also deserve to take some time off from time to time!
Working from home can be really isolating. I'm lucky that I'm an introvert and I love spending time by myself, but even I still need to get out and socialise from time to time for the sake of my mental health. When you're working in an office environment it's easy to have social interaction with other people, when you work for yourself it's a lot harder. Joining a mastermind group, attending networking events, and going to co-working days and other events designed for people that work form home are all great ways to get some social interaction and can benefit your business too!
Unfortunately most people don't understand self-employment. Cultural conditioning has many people believing that you have to have a 9-5 job, and anything that deviates from that isn't real work. 😫 You really need to be clear with friends and family that you do in fact have a have a real job, with real work, and real office hours, and they need to understand that you're not available during those hours.
Getting exercise is so important for both your physical and mental health, but it's so much easier to fall into the trap of not doing any exercise when you work from home. When I worked in an office I had to walk to the bus stop, and then to the office, and then I'd go for a walk on my break to buy lunch. It was great because I was forced to get exercise every day. But now that I work from home, I literally just walk from my bedroom, to my kitchen, to my desk. But with discipline you can still get exercise. Start your day with 5 minutes of exercise before sitting down at your desk, schedule little exercise breaks through the day. I use the Pomodoro method and do star jumps during every break period (yes really).
I used to wake up each weekday morning with a sense of dread. Another 1 hour commute. Another 8 hours of mind-numbingly boring work. Another 1 hour commute again. Another evening that I couldn't really enjoy because I was going to have to get up the next day and do it all over again.
I was "living the dream". I had a young family, a house in a "good" suburb, an expensive car, a career, a secure 9-5 job. I had everything that I thought I'd ever wanted. But I was MISERABLE.
There was nothing particularly wrong with my life. My job was boring but it wasn't awful. I just couldn't shake this overwhelming feeling that surely there had to be more to life than repeating that same unfulfilling week over and over again for 40+ years. My workmates were just as unhappy as I was. The older ones absolutely hated their jobs, and I was following the exact same path that they had. I felt like I was seeing my future and that made me really sad.
The turning point came when I was 24 years old. It was the week before I was supposed to start a 5 year accounting degree. I really wasn't that interested in accounting, but completing the course meant that I'd be paid twice as much for the job that I was already doing, and I'd have regular paid time off work to study and do assignments. And, most importantly, everyone in my life thought it was a great idea. Back then, I used to do what other people thought I should do because I didn't trust my own judgement.
Three nights a week I'd have to race home from work, pick up my car and drive another hour to get to uni, but I kept telling myself it wouldn't be so bad, and it would be worth it in the end. All because I'd be making more money! I was going to do this for 5 whole years purely for more money!
My heart was begging me not to do it.
For many years I'd wanted to be a graphic designer. As soon I finished high school I started to study a Bachelor of Arts majoring in graphic design and marketing, but I didn't enjoy the design subjects (mostly just art history and basic Photoshop skills that I'd already taught myself!) so I decided to change my majors to journalism and creativity writing. But then I left uni when I was only half way through the course. After that I worked all kinds of jobs ranging from retail and telesales, to cleaning and hospitality. I even spent 6 months working as a makeup artist despite not even wearing makeup myself! Eventually I went back to uni and started working for a wholesale food supplier. I worked my way up until I somehow ended up with a career in finance.
I found working in finance to be incredibly boring, and I still really wanted to be a graphic designer. I had an entire draw full of brochures for graphic design courses, but it just wasn't practical. An entry-level design job wasn't going to pay my mortgage!
Day one of my accounting course started to get close and closer, and the overwhelming sense of dread became so strong I felt like I was going to suffocate. A voice in my head told me that I HAD TO go online and have another look at design courses. So I did, and I immediately found a design course that was just about to start. It was the Diploma of Graphic Design at the Southbank Institute of Technology. It was 3 nights a week and it was a only a 5 minute walk from my workplace, giving me time to finish work, have dinner and walk to class.
I un-enrolled from the accounting course and enrolled in the design course. It sounds simple enough, but at the time it felt like the most terrifying and risky thing I had ever done in my life!
The design industry is REALLY competitive, so I felt like I was throwing away a lucrative career with great job security, to try to make it in an industry where I was likely to fail!
My (now ex) partner didn't support the idea, my friends didn't support the idea – even I didn't support the idea! Well meaning people told me that I shouldn't throw away a promising accounting career. They told me I was too old to change careers (I was only 24!), they told me that the design industry was too competitive and I'd never make it. But I listened to my heart and enrolled anyway.
This time around I absolutely LOVED studying graphic design. I'd always struggled academically, but I breezed through the course, getting top marks easily, because the way the classes were structured suited my learning style perfectly.
After the first couple of semesters I quit my day job so that I could study full time. I went back to hospitality (something I swore I'd never do!) because it meant I could work at night and attend classes during the day. I was also doing volunteer graphic design and admin work, which enabled me to start getting freelance design work through word-of-mouth. I was so happy!
And then my partner was fired.
We started powering through our savings and missing mortgage payments. I needed to find another job and I needed to find one FAST. I was told that it was "impossible" to get a graphic design job without at least a Diploma level qualification and a really good portfolio, and I didn't have either, but I started to apply for every entry-level graphic design I could find.
And I got an interview! It was at a digital agency and I was so thrilled to even just be considered for the position!
I went to the interview and I was so nervous I couldn't stop shaking. I fumbled over the interview questions. My portfolio was awful (looking back at it now I cringe!). The interviewers told me that it needed work, but they could see that I had potential. I thought that there was no way that I'd actually get the job.
My new bosses were keen for me to keep studying, so they were happy for me to work around my timetable. Being a part-time entry-level design job, it didn't pay very much, but I didn't care. I was lucky enough to get a second job working at a night club, and I was freelancing too. I was VERY busy but I didn't care – I was so happy!
My partner got a new job too, and we were able to pay our mortgage again.
Time passed and I was promoted to a full time Graphic & Web Design role at the same agency. I absolutely loved it! I did printed design, as well as digital design and website design. If I had any spare time I'd ask the other members of the team if they needed help with anything, so I ended up learning web development, and SEO, and project management! All skills that I still use to this day!
Even though I loved working there, I was offered what I thought was a better job, so I left. Big mistake! The "better job" was anything but, so I quit after just a week! I couldn't believe it, I was working in a highly competitive industry and I'd just quit two jobs in the space of a month! I was so upset. And I needed to find a new job ASAP!
At the time, I was doing an advertising course in the evenings, so I asked my teacher and classmates for advice. They suggested I apply for jobs in marketing. They said my skills as a designer would be considered so valuable employers might be willing to train me on the marketing side. So I applied for every marketing job that I could find, and they were right! I got a job working in the marketing department at a cosmetics company.
This job was NOT a good fit for me! Everyone else at the company was into mainstream fashion and makeup and they loved the Kardashians. I couldn't believe I'd somehow ended up with a second job in the makeup industry when I didn't even wear makeup! It makes me sad to think that I spent a year working in a job where I didn't fit in, when someone else would've absolutely loved that job.
I was primarily hired for my graphic design skills, but when I wasn't designing, it was my job to help the rest of the marketing team with whatever they needed. This was fantastic because I got to learn about sales and marketing, running an ecommerce store, and wholesaling.
The job was only part-time, but it paid just enough to cover my fixed expenses so I decided to use the opportunity to start freelancing. I'd always planned to eventually make freelancing my full time job, but I was really scared of not having the security of a regular income, and I was stuck in the mindset that I "needed" to have a 9-5 job.
As you can probably guess, freelancing did work out for me in the end, and I've now been self-employed for the last 5 years!
I did need to do to some serious mindset work and get over some BIG money blocks, and it took a lot of hours and hard work in the beginning. But I got there and I've never looked back!
Being a freelance graphic designer has completely transformed my life.
Because I'm no longer locked into a 9-5 job and I can work anywhere in the world, I have the freedom to travel. In my first few years of freelancing, I was able to do volunteer work in Nepal, travel around England and Europe (the photo above is from when I went to Disneyland in Paris!), and take a month off work to prepare for my wedding and then take a month-long honeymoon travelling around South-East Asia!
Now that I'm a mum, I'm able to work around my daughter's schedule. When she was a baby I was able to work from home while she slept and nursed. Now that has become unmanageable, I use part-time childcare and work during her day naps and after she goes to sleep at night.
I'm also able to use my design skills to support causes that I really care about. I do free and low-cost graphic design work for human rights, animals rights, environmental and vegan advocacy groups and activists.
I'm also in the very fortunate position to be able to be fussy about the clients that I work with, so I choose to work with businesses and NFPs that are doing good. People that value ethics and sustainability over making a quick dollar.
The highlight of my job is definitely my clients. Instead of working in an office with a group of miserable women that hate their jobs, I now get to work with women that I really passionate about what they do. I've been so fortunate to be able to work with the loveliest people, many of whom I now consider my friends, and I love being able to help them grow their businesses.
And it's all because I make one scary decision that completely changed my life!
1. What is your Unique Selling Point (USP)?
What is so special about your business? What sets you apart from your competitors? What do you do differently? Why should people chose you over your competitors?
2. How can you explain your business in a sentence or two?
You've got 30 seconds to explain your business to someone that has no knowledge of it. How can you sum up your business in a sentence or two?
Who are you targeting in your marketing? You should be targeting a very specific group of people. You will have customers outside of your target market, but your marketing should be designed to speak to a specific group of people. 'Socially and environmentally conscious females in their 40-50s with annual salaries of $150k+' is a target market. 'Everyone' is not a target market!
4. What are your brand colours?
These are the colours that dominate your brand. They should be in your logo, website and marketing materials. They should be the dominant colours in your social media images. You can use other colours too, but your brand colours should be included whenever possible. I recommend having 1-2 main brand colours and 2-4 secondary brand colours, for a total of 4-6 colours.
Why are you in business? What's your story? What motivates you? What's your 'why'?
My husband Chay and I have been living and working together for the past 6 months and yes that is actually something that I would 100% recommend.
We have been friends for a grand total of 15 years. During that time we managed to date, and then not date, and then date again, and then move in together and get married and have a baby and also buy and renovate a house (we managed to do the last 4 in the space of 1 year). So we figured if we managed to survive all that and still remain friends, then hell, maybe we could work together too.
This may or may not be a guide on how to test your marriage to the absolute limit.
Have we killed each other? No.
Have we had massive fights and threatened divorce? Still no.
Before we started working together we were a bit apprehensive. We thought maybe it wouldn't be healthy for 2 people to basically spend 24/7 within 1 meter of each other 7 days week! But I spoke to some other people who worked with their partners and they had nothing but good things to say about it. We figured we'd try it out and if it didn't work out at least we'd know we'd tried!
My husband the small business owner – looking very pro!
Thankfully we had a backup plan! Before we started, we decided to do a 3 month trial and if things weren't working out for whatever reason, Chay would go back to work or start his own business. I decided to have a look at businesses that were for sale just to see what kind of prices we'd be looking at if we decided to buy a business in future. We were considering the idea of a printing business because we'd both worked in the industry and it would pair well with my design business. Even just the work I was outsourcing through Flik Graphic Design was enough to keep a little printing business going!
And of course the very first business that popped up on my computer was a printing and signage business that was perfect for us! It was exactly what we were looking for and a great price. We decided to buy the equipment instead of the actual business, so that we could choose our own name and start fresh with new branding. We already had a loan so all we had to do was sign the paperwork. We'd already renovated the bottom level of our house into office space, and we had a room that was a perfect size for the printer and other bits and pieces (like literally the exact perfect size!) We chose the name Brisbane Custom Signs. I then designed the logo, brand identity and website in under a week (while still managing a full workload – go me!). So in the space of exactly 7 days we went from thinking about the possibility of starting another business, to being up and running!
The two of us. Not even hating each other.
Now we have a business each, but because there's so much cross-over, we both work in each other's businesses a lot. I think having that really clear divide of each being in charge of our own business really helps a lot! We're financially accountable to each other, but how we manage our time and our business is completely up to us.
6 months in and we're both happily working together.
I spoke to lot of other people that work with their partners and I implemented lots of tips that they gave me.
This is the number one piece of advice that people kept giving me! For us, the bottom level of our house is devoted to work stuff and the top level of our house is for home/family stuff. We try not to talk about work stuff when we're upstairs (not always successfully – but we try!) and we try to mentally switch off when we leave the office at the end of the day.
Being really clear on how we each fit into the businesses, what we're each responsible for, and how we're accountable to each other has really helped. We ask each other to do things by specific times if we're on a deadline for a client, but apart from that we're free to mange our time as we please. We both know what the other expects of us, and we hold ourselves accountable to each other through doing weekly income tracking.
I think is probably the main reason that working together has worked out! We both have similar working styles, so in busy weeks we'll both come down to the office after our daughter goes to sleep and work into the evening. During quiet weeks we'll treat ourselves to the occasional long lunch out at a nice cafe or take some time to catch up on errands or do things around the house. I don't think I could work with someone that was very strict about only working 9-5!
We both take turns with making coffees, lunches, doing the daycare pick up and drop off, cleaning, washing, shopping, etc. If one of us has to work overtime, the other one will take on some of the extra household stuff, and we help each other out however we can.
Do you work with your partner? Or do you think that would a recipe for disaster? I'd love to hear your thoughts in the comments!
Finding a freelance graphic designer can be tough. There are so many designers out there and they all seem to offer various levels of quality, service and value. So sometimes just choosing the cheapest designer seems like an easy way to make a decision and save some money. But sometimes using a cheap designer can actually cost you MORE money.
If someone is on the other side of the world, how can they be expected to know or understand your target market? So how can they possibly design something that is going to engage your target market and make them want to be your customer? If you're investing time and money in something that isn't as effective as it could be, you are going to lose sales, and therefore lose money.
I have seen so many examples of cheap graphic design where there are no clear call-to-actions. Without clear call-to-actions, you are throwing your money away. A call-to-action is something that makes people act. So for example, if you want to hand out fliers so that people will call you, calling you is the call-to-action. If the flier doesn't effectively make people want to call you, you're going to miss out on phone calls! There is a lot more to graphic design than just making something look pretty – the strategy behind the design is even more important! If you hire a designer to design something for you and they don't ask you what it is for or what you hope to achieve, you're probably just wasting your money.
There are a small amount of unscrupulous designers out there who may trick you into think they're cheap, but charge your for hidden extras like revisions, fonts, and stock photos. Don't ever base your decision on any hourly rate. A $100 an hour designer may charge you for 1 hour, while a $10 an hour designer may charge you for 10 hours for the exact same project! Always ask for a fixed-price quote so you don't get any nasty surprises!
They may be able to offer you cheaper printing prices as they have accounts with trade printers that you wouldn't normally have access to.
You may save money on print set-up fees. Often inexperienced designers don't know how to correctly set-up files for professional printing, which results in the printing company either rejecting the file, charging to fix the file, or printing it anyway and have it end up printing fuzzy/pixelated or just not looking right! Often the poor printing company gets blamed for this, when really it was the designers fault!
Experienced designers can save you time and money on printing by organising your printing for you or telling you what to ask for. Printing companies don't always quote on the cheapest option. You can often save upwards of a couple of hundred dollars just by choosing specific paper sizes, thicknesses and finishes!
Experienced designers can usually handle all aspects of the printing and distribution process so you don't have to waste time doing things like contacting printers, mail houses and setting up an Australian Post business account.
Experienced designers usually know how to save you money on postage by choosing particular sizes and paper weights and addressing and sorting them so that they're eligible for discounted postage.
If your designer is overseas, there may be time differences and language barriers. If someone is an inexperienced designer or there is a language barrier, you may have to go through several rounds of revisions until your are happy. This is going to cost you your time. Time that could potentially be better spend doing income generating activity or promoting your business. Would your rather a cheap flier design that takes 6 weeks and 10 rounds of revision to complete, or would you rather pay a little money to have the flier completed in 1 hour, 1 revision, and printed & delivered to your door in less than a week?


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Q: Get matrix size from a pointer- MEX I read the second variable in C++
#define D prhs[1]

double* d = mxGetPr(D); // get the pointer

Now I want to get the size of D
int mySize = mxGetM(D);

cool...Now how can I get the size from the pointer d (not D)?
int mySize = mxGetM((const mxArray) d); // does not work

Thanks

A: I guess it's not possible to find the size of an array  given its pointer and mex.h also cannot do that.


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Camron Justice Jalen Duren Dayvion McKnight Sports College basketball Basketball College sports Men's basketball Men's sports Men's college basketball
Western Kentucky Conference USA Memphis American Athletic Conference (AAC)
Duren leads No. 11 Memphis past Western Kentucky 74-62
By CLAY BAILEY - Nov. 19, 2021 11:40 PM EST
Memphis' head coach Penny Hardaway calls to his team in the first half of an NCAA college basketball game against Western Kentucky, Friday, Nov. 19, 2021, in Memphis, Tenn. (AP Photo/Karen Pulfer Focht)
MEMPHIS, Tenn. (AP) — Jalen Duren had 22 points, 19 rebounds and five blocks as No. 11 Memphis beat Western Kentucky 74-62 in a sloppy game on Friday night.
DeAndre Williams added 13 points and Earl Timberlake finished with 10 for the Tigers (4-0).
Camron Justice led the Hilltoppers (1-3) with 18 points, while Jairus Hamilton scored 14. Dayvion McKnight had 11 points and eight rebounds as Western Kentucky lost its third straight.
It was the play of Duren controlling the middle that kept the Tigers from dropping their first game of the season.
"Jalen's energy definitely made up for those mistakes that we made shooting the ball in the first half. We shot the ball horrible," Memphis coach Penny Hardaway said, adding: "Thank God for Jalen Duren tonight because he kept us in the game and won it for us."
Duren had 11 points and 12 rebounds in the second half and helped the Tigers pull away.
"That's why he's one of the best players in America," Western Kentucky coach Rick Stansbury said "He beat us up around that rim. He got those put-backs. He's hard to keep out and keep off that rim."
The game ratcheted up the competition for the Tigers, who travel to New York next week to play in the NIT Season Tip-off. They will face Virginia Tech in the opener.
"I'm thankful for a game like this right before we go on the road," Hardaway said. "I think everything has been so easy that the guys get a little complacent. Tonight, we got into a good game."
Memphis shot poorly from 3-point range and committed 26 turnovers, keeping Western Kentucky in the game even when the Tigers stretched their second-half lead to double digits.
Western Kentucky had its own problems with 25 turnovers and poor free-throw shooting.
"You can point to a couple of things. You can point to turnovers. We had 25," Stansbury said. "Then the free-throw line. You can't go 5 for 13 from the foul line. Those kinds of things just take the air from you."
The Hilltoppers gave Memphis by far its toughest challenge this season, leading by as many as 10 points in the first half. Memphis went 1 of 7 from 3-point range in the first half against the Western Kentucky zone defense. A late rush by Memphis left the game tied at 38 at the break.
"Give them credit for going to a zone," Hardaway said. "We work on zone every day. Got a little stagnant on the offensive end."
Western Kentucky had its own turnover issues in the first half, preventing any kind of flow to the game. In the second half, Memphis' defense held the Hilltoppers to 26.5% shooting. Memphis was better at 39.4%, but made only one of its nine 3-point attempts after halftime.
"We didn't win the game, but I'm awful proud of the way our guys came in here and battled," Stansbury said. "We just played one of the better teams in the country. And we were right there."
Western Kentucky: The Hilltoppers can give opponents plenty of trouble with their zone defense, along with busy hands swatting away passes. Western Kentucky's 3-point shooting kept the game close until it finished the game by missing six of its last seven shots.
Memphis: Turnovers continue to plague the Tigers. The 14 first-half giveaways resulted in 19 points for the Hilltoppers. And the ballhandling was just as bad in the second half.
It wasn't pretty, but it was a win and Memphis should at least hold onto its spot in the AP Top 25.
HOLD ONTO THE BALL
In the first five minutes of the game, the teams combined for 10 turnovers. The Tigers came into the game averaging 20 turnovers a game, and Western Kentucky was forcing their opponents into roughly the same amount.
Western Kentucky: Hosts Alabama A&M on Wednesday.
Memphis: Faces Virginia Tech on Wednesday in the NIT Season Tip-off in New York.
More AP college basketball: https://apnews.com/hub/college-basketball and https://apnews.com/hub/ap-top-25-college-basketball-poll and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25


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Die 1. Division 2022/23 (auch NordicBet Liga nach dem Hauptsponsor genannt) ist die 78. Saison der zweithöchsten dänischen Spielklasse im Fußball, die vom dänischen Fußballverband Dansk Boldspil Union organisiert wird. Sie begann am 22. Juli 2022 und soll im Mai 2023 enden. Wegen der Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 2022 in Katar und einer anschließenden Winterpause ruhte der Spielbetrieb zwischen dem 14. November 2022 und dem 17. Februar 2023.

Modus
Die Saison wird wie im Vorjahr in einem zweistufigen Format durchgeführt. In der regulären Spielzeit treten die zwölf Mannschaften zweimal gegeneinander an; einmal zu Hause und einmal auswärts. Nach Ablauf dieser Phase qualifizieren sich die sechs besten Mannschaften für die Aufstiegsrunde, von denen am Saisonende die zwei besten Teams in die Superliga aufsteigen. Die unteren Sechs spielen in der Abstiegsrunde zwei Absteiger aus. Punkte und Tore aus der Vorrunde werden mitgenommen.

Teams

Vorrunde

Tabelle

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\section{Introduction}

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are variable, off-nuclear point sources in
nearby galaxies with X-ray luminosities $L_{\rm{X}}\geq10^{39}$\,\hbox{erg~s$^{-1}$}\
(\citealt{Swartz04, WaltonULXcat}). The brighter members of this population
have luminosities that significantly (factors of 10 or more) exceed the Eddington
limit for the $\sim$10\,\hbox{$\rm M_{\odot}$}\ stellar-remnant black holes observed in accreting
Galactic black hole binaries (\citealt{Casares14rev}). Multi-wavelength
observations have largely ruled-out strong anisotropic emission as a means of
skewing luminosity estimates (\citealt{Moon11}, although moderate collimation is
still permitted). ULXs must therefore either host large black holes, potentially either
the long-postulated yet elusive `intermediate mass' black holes
($M_{\rm{BH}}\sim10^{2-5}$\,\hbox{$\rm M_{\odot}$}; \citealt{Miller04}) or the massive stellar
remnants ($M_{\rm{BH}}\sim30-100$\,\hbox{$\rm M_{\odot}$}; \citealt{Zampieri09}) recently
confirmed by LIGO (\citealt{Abbott16gw}), or represent an exotic, highly
super-Eddington accretion phase (\citealt{Poutanen07}). In either case, they
hold clues to the processes governing the formation and evolution of
supermassive black holes in the early Universe (\citealt{Kormendy13rev}).

Since launch, the {\it NuSTAR}\ mission (\citealt{NUSTAR}) has undertaken a substantial
program observing a sample of extreme ULXs, revealing the high-energy
($E>10$\,keV) behavior of these enigmatic sources for the first time. As one of the
few sources within $\sim$5\,Mpc to persistently radiate at
$L_{\rm{X}}\sim10^{40}$\,\hbox{erg~s$^{-1}$}\ (\citealt{Miller13ulx}), \rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ ($D\sim4$\,Mpc)
was an important part of this program, observed in coordination with {\it XMM-Newton}\
(\citealt{XMM}) to provide broadband ($\sim$0.3--30\,\hbox{\rm keV}) spectral coverage. These
observations revealed broadband spectra inconsistent with standard modes of
sub-Eddington accretion (\citealt{Bachetti13, Miller14}; similar to other ULXs
observed by {\it NuSTAR}\ to date, \citealt{Walton14hoIX, Walton15, Walton15hoII,
Rana15, Mukherjee15}), supporting the idea that these sources are exhibiting a
super-Eddington phase of accretion. Indeed, we now know at least one of these
sources is a highly super-Eddington neutron star (\citealt{Bachetti14nat}).

A prediction of all super-Eddington accretion models is that powerful
winds should be launched (\citealt{Poutanen07, King09, Dotan11, Takeuchi13}).
Robust detection of any such winds from ULXs has, however, proven challenging
(\citealt{Walton12ulxFeK, Walton13hoIXfeK}). For \rm NGC\,1313 X-1, \cite{Middleton15soft} report
low-energy ($\sim$1\,keV) blended atomic features that are consistent with being
absorption from an ionised outflow, but the low-resolution CCD spectra considered
prevented a conclusive identification as such. However, in a key breakthrough, a
recent follow-up analysis by \cite{Pinto16nat} utilizing the high-resolution reflection
grating spectrometer (RGS) aboard {\it XMM-Newton}\ was able to resolve this low-energy
spectral structure into several discrete emission and absorption features, and found
that \rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ does indeed exhibit an extreme ionised outflow, potentially consisting of
multiple velocity components spanning $\sim$0.2--0.25$c$.

Here, by considering the high-energy {\it XMM-Newton}\ and {\it NuSTAR}\ data available for \rm NGC\,1313 X-1,
we report on a detection of an ionized iron K\,$\alpha$\ component to the ultrafast
outflow (UFO) discovered by \cite{Pinto16nat}.

\section{Observations and Data Reduction}
\label{sec_red}

\rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ has frequently been observed in the X-ray band and is known to be a
variable source, exhibiting high- and low-states with significantly different spectra
(\citealt{Feng06, Pintore12, Middleton15}, Bachetti et al. in preparation). The
majority of the X-ray observations in the archive cover the low-flux state, so we
focus on these data in order to maximise the integrated signal-to-noise (S/N) in
the iron K bandpass while considering only observations with similar spectra.
{\it XMM-Newton}, in particular, has frequently observed NGC\,1313, but many of these
observations are short and have X-1 placed off-axis. The {EPIC-pn}\ detector aboard
{\it XMM-Newton}\ is known to have increased background emission from copper lines at
$\sim$8\,\hbox{\rm keV}\ away from the optical axis (\citealt{XMMblanksky}), which fall in the
energy range of interest for any iron line searches given the velocities reported by
\cite{Pinto16nat}. We therefore also limit our analysis to {\it XMM-Newton}\ observations where
\rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ was the primary target. In total, we consider the three full-orbit {\it XMM-Newton}\
observations (OBSIDs 0405090101, 0693850501, 0693851201; note that these
are the same {\it XMM-Newton}\ observations considered by \citealt{Pinto16nat}), and the two
long {\it NuSTAR}\ observations presented in \citet[OBSIDs 30002035002 and
30002035004]{Bachetti13}.

The data from these observations are reduced individually, and then combined
into a set of average spectra using \hbox{\rm{\small ADDASCASPEC}}. In all cases, source products
are extracted from a circular region of radius 40$''$ since there is another X-ray
source $\sim$55$''$ to the south (\citealt{Bachetti13}). This aperture gave the
best balance between maximising the S/N for X-1 and minimising contamination
from this other source. Background is always estimated from significantly larger
regions of blank sky on the same detector as X-1 to ensure it is well sampled.
Finally, each of the average spectra are rebinned to a minimum of 25 counts per
bin to allow the use of {$\chi^{2}$}\ minimization during spectral fitting. The following
sections provide further technical details regarding our reduction of these data.

\subsection{NuSTAR}

The {\it NuSTAR}\ data were reduced using the standard pipeline, \rm{\small NUPIPELINE}, part of the
{\it NuSTAR}\ Data Analysis Software (v1.4.1). {\it NuSTAR}\ caldb v20150316 is
used throughout. The unfiltered event files were cleaned with the standard depth
correction, significantly reducing the internal background, and passages through
the South Atlantic Anomaly were removed. Source spectra and instrumental
responses were produced for both of the focal plane modules (FPMA/B) using
\rm{\small NUPRODUCTS}. In addition to the standard `science' data, we also extract the
`spacecraft science' data following \cite{Walton16cyg}, which in this case provides
$\sim$35\% of the total 360\,ks (per FPM) good exposure.

\subsection{XMM-Newton}

The {\it XMM-Newton}\ data were reduced with the {\it XMM-Newton}\ Science Analysis System (v14.0.0),
following the standard prescription.\footnote{http://xmm.esac.esa.int/} Raw data files
were cleaned using \hbox{\rm{\small EPCHAIN}}\ for {EPIC-pn}\ (\citealt{XMM_PN}), and \hbox{\rm{\small EMCHAIN}}\ for the
{EPIC-MOS}\ detectors (\citealt{XMM_MOS}). Only single--double
({\small{PATTERN}}$\leq$4) and single--quadruple ({\small{PATTERN}}$\leq$12)
events were considered for {EPIC-pn}\ and {EPIC-MOS}, respectively. Periods of high
background were excluded, as were events close to edge/bad pixels
({\small{FLAG}}=0). Instrumental response files were generated with \hbox{\rm{\small RMFGEN}}\ and
\hbox{\rm{\small ARFGEN}}, and the data from the two {EPIC-MOS}\ detectors were combined together. The
total good exposure is 258\,ks for {EPIC-pn}, and 331\,ks for each {EPIC-MOS}\ unit.

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-0.35cm}
\epsscale{1.16}
\plotone{./figs/NGC1313x1_narrow_line_limits_all.eps}
\caption{A zoom in on the line-search results for the absorption feature detected in
our analysis. Top: the $\Delta${$\chi^{2}$}\ improvement obtained with the addition of a
narrow Gaussian line, as a function of line energy, for \rm NGC\,1313 X-1. Positive values indicate
the best fit line is in emission, and negative values indicate absorption. The feature
at $\sim$8.8\,keV gives an improvement of $\Delta\chi^{2}=19.5$. Bottom: 90\%
(\textit{blue}) and 99\% (\textit{red}) confidence contours for the equivalent width of
the narrow line included. We find this feature at $\sim$8.8\,keV to have
$\mathrm{EW}=61\pm24$\,eV. No other siginificant features are detected.}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\label{fig_search}
\end{figure}

\section{Spectral Analysis}
\label{sec_spec}

Our goal in this work is to search for any ionized iron K\,$\alpha$\ absorption features in
the X-ray spectrum of \rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ that might be associated with the UFO
discoverd by \cite{Pinto16nat}. We use \hbox{\small XSPEC}\, v12.8.2\ (\citealt{xspec}) for our spectral
analysis, and unless stated otherwise parameter uncertainties are quoted at 90\%
confidence for one parameter of interest. Our data selection is such that we can
apply a common model to all the datasets, accounting for differences in the
average {\it XMM-Newton}\ and {\it NuSTAR}\ fluxes and residual cross-calibration uncertainties
between the detectors by allowing multiplicative constants to float between them,
fixing {EPIC-pn}\ to unity. The {EPIC-pn}\ and {EPIC-MOS}\ detectors agree to within 5\%,
as do FPMB and FPMB, while the average {\it XMM-Newton}\ and {\it NuSTAR}\ fluxes resulting
from our data selection only differ by $\sim$10\%, which is broadly similar to the
absolute cross-calibration differences seen between the two missions
(\citealt{NUSTARcal}).

We begin by constructing a simple model for the continuum. In this work, we
focus on the 3--20\,keV bandpass, providing sufficient coverage to accurately model
the continuum local to the iron band with a simple model, while remaining
independent of the low-energy X-ray band in which the outflow was initially
discovered. The spectral curvature seen from \rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ over this energy range is well
established (\citealt{Stobbart06, Gladstone09, Bachetti13}), so we model the
continuum as a cutoff powerlaw. We also include neutral absorption, both from our
Galaxy ($N_{\rm{H,Gal}}=4.1\times10^{20}$\,cm$^{-2}$; \citealt{NH}) and intrinsic to
NGC\,1313 ($z=0.00157$). However, given the limited bandpass considered, we are
not particularly sensitive to the level of absorption seen towards \rm NGC\,1313 X-1, so we fix the
intrinsic column to $N_{\rm{H,int}}=2.7\times10^{21}$\,cm$^{-2}$ (\citealt{Miller13ulx}).
These neutral absorption components are modeled with \rm{\small TBABS}, adopting the
abundance set of \cite{tbabs} and cross-sections of \cite{Verner96}. This provides an
excellent fit to the 3--20\,\hbox{\rm keV}\ emission, with {$\chi^{2}$}/degrees of freedom $=1634/1627$.
The photon index and high-energy cutoff obtained are $\Gamma=0.96\pm0.07$ and
$E_{\rm{cut}}=5.5^{+0.4}_{-0.3}$\,\hbox{\rm keV}, and the model normalisation is
$(4.0\pm0.2)\times10^{-4}$\,\hbox{$\rm\thinspace ct~keV^{-1}~cm^{-2}~s^{-1}$}\ (at 1\,keV).

To search for atomic features, we follow a similar approach to \cite{Walton12ulxFeK,
Walton13hoIXfeK}. We refer the reader to those works for a detailed description, but
in brief, we include a narrow (intrinsic width of $\sigma = 10$\,eV) Gaussian, and vary
its energy across the energy range of interest in steps of 40\,eV (oversampling the
{\it XMM-Newton}\ energy resolution by a factor $\sim$4--5). The Gaussian normalisation can be
either positive or negative. For each line energy, we record the $\Delta\chi^{2}$
improvement in fit resulting from the inclusion of the Gaussian line, as well as the best
fit equivalent width ($EW$) and its 90 and 99\% confidence limits. These are
calculated with the {\small EQWIDTH} command in \hbox{\small XSPEC}, using 10,000 parameter
simulations based on the best fit model parameters and their uncertainties. To be
conservative, we vary the Gaussian line energy between \rm 6.6\ and \rm 9.6\,\hbox{\rm keV},
corresponding to a wide range of outflow velocities extending up to $>$0.25$c$
for \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXVI}}.

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-0.35cm}
\epsscale{1.16}
\plotone{./figs/ngc1313x1_lowflux_FeK_ratio.eps}
\caption{
Data/model ratio plots for our basic continuum model (\textit{top panel}), the model
including a Gaussian absorption line (\textit{middle panel}) and the model including
a physical photoionised absorber (\hbox{\rm{\small XSTAR}}; \textit{bottom panel}). Data from {EPIC-pn},
{EPIC-MOS}, FPMA and FPMB are shown in black, red, green and blue, respectively.
The feature at $\sim$8.8\,keV is indicated with the grey shaded region; all of the
detectors used in this work show low residuals at the same energy, which are
improved in the models including a Gaussian and an \hbox{\rm{\small XSTAR}}\ absorption component.
}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\label{fig_ratio}
\end{figure}

The results are shown in Figure \ref{fig_search}. We find the addition of a Gaussian
absorption line at $\sim$8.8\,\hbox{\rm keV}\ provides a noteable improvement to the fit. Allowing
the line parameters to vary freely, we find a line energy of
$E=8.77^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$\,\hbox{\rm keV}, an equivalent width of $\mathrm{EW}=-61\pm24$\,eV
(comparable to the strongest iron absorption seen from a black hole binary to date;
\citealt{King12}). This gives an improvement to the fit of $\Delta\chi^{2}=19.5$ for
three extra free parameters. The line is consistent with being unresolved at the
resolution of the {\it XMM-Newton}\ and {\it NuSTAR}\ detectors ($\sigma<0.24$\,\hbox{\rm keV}). Assuming an
association with iron, the extreme energy of this feature makes an association with
either \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXV}}\ or \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXVI}}\ K\,$\alpha$\ (6.67 and 6.97\,\hbox{\rm keV}, respectively) the most likely. This
would imply an outflow velocity of $\sim$0.2$c$ for \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXVI}}, or an even more extreme
velocity of $\sim$0.25$c$ for \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXV}}. No other features provide such a strong
improvement in the fit.

\begin{figure}
\hspace*{-0.35cm}
\epsscale{1.16}
\plotone{./figs/ngc1313x1_narrow_Ga_energy_contour_exclusions.eps}
\caption{
The results obtained repeating our line-search analysis after excluding each of the
detectors utilized in turn. In all cases, the same feature is picked out. The significance
is lower, as expected given the loss of S/N, but the improvement is still always
$\Delta\chi^{2}=13-15$ (for 3 extra DoF). The dotted line and grey shaded region
indicate the best-fit line energy and its uncertainty from the full analysis incorporating
all detectors.
}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\label{fig_excl}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}
\hspace*{-0.5cm}
\epsscale{1.16}
\plotone{./figs/ngc1313x1_xstar_contours.eps}
\caption{
Confidence contours for the column density and ionisation parameter (2D;
\textit{panel a}), the outflow velocity (\textit{panel b}), and the turbulent velocity
broadening (\textit{panel c}) obtained from our photoionisation modeling with
\hbox{\rm{\small XSTAR}}. Panel a shows the 90, 95 and 99\% contours for two parameters of interest,
and the dashed lines in panels b and c show these same confidence levels for a
single parameter.
}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\label{fig_xstar}
\end{figure*}

In Figure \ref{fig_ratio} we show the data/model ratios for the model excluding and
including this absorption line. The feature is not particularly visually prominent, and
would be lost in the noise for any of the detectors individually. However, the key to
the statistical improvement observed is that all of the detectors show low residuals
to the continuum model at the same energy. In Figure \ref{fig_excl} we show the
same line search applied excluding each of the four detectors utilized in this work
in turn. In each of these cases, the improvement provided by including an
absorption line at $\sim$8.8\,keV is still $\Delta\chi^{2}=13-15$. This strongly
implies that this feature cannot be related to systematic effects ({\it e.g.}\ instrumental
background), which differ for each of these detectors.

\subsection{Significance Simulations}

In order to assess the statistical significance of this potential Fe K absorption
feature, we performed a series of spectral simulations. Using the same response
and  background files, and adopting the same exposure times as the real data
used here, we simulated \rm 10,000\ sets of {\it XMM-Newton}\ (pn, combined MOS1 and MOS2)
and {\it NuSTAR}\ (FPMA, FPMB) spectra with the {\small FAKEIT} command in XSPEC
based on the best-fit cutoff powerlaw continuum ({\it i.e.~\/}\ without any absorption
feature included). Each of the simulated datasets was rebinned in the same
manner and analysed over the same bandpass as adopted for the real data. We
then fit each of the combined datasets with a cutoff powerlaw continuum, and
subsequently applied an identical line search as performed above (thus the
number of energy bins searched is fully accounted for). Of the \rm 10,000\ datasets
simulated, only \rm 31\ returned a chance improvement equivalent to or greater
than that observed (at any energy searched), implying that the feature seen in
the real data is significant at the $\sim$3$\sigma$ level. This is something of a
conservative estimate; if we also require that the simulations match the exclusion
trial results given above (such that the deviation is not dominated by a single
detector), only \rm 12\ match the observed characteristics by chance, indicating
a $\sim$99.9\% detection significance. Using the velocity information from
\cite{Pinto16nat} as a prior would also serve to further increase the detection
significance.

\subsection{XSTAR Modeling}

We model this absorption feature using a physical model for absorption by
a photoionised plasma. Following \cite{Middleton14}, we construct a set of custom
photoionized absorption models with \hbox{\rm{\small XSTAR}}\ (\citealt{xstar}), using the continuum
emission observed from \rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ (described above) as the input ionizing continuum.
These grids are calculated assuming solar abundances, an ionizing luminosity of
10$^{40}$\,\hbox{erg~s$^{-1}$}\ (typical for \rm NGC\,1313 X-1), and a density of $10^{17}$\,cm$^{-3}$ (see
\citealt{Middleton14}). Free parameters are the ionisation parameter
($\xi=L_{\rm{ion}}/nR^{2}$, where $L_{\rm{ion}}$ is the ionizing luminosity between
1--1000\,Ry, $n$ is the density of the plasma and $R$ is its distance from the
ionizing source; $\xi$ is calculated in units of \hbox{\rm erg~cm~s$^{-1}$}\ throughout this work), the
column density ($N_{\rm{H,ion}}$) and the line-of-sight outflow velocity
($v_{\rm{out}}$) of the absorbing medium. We also consider a range of turbulent
velocity broadening, $v_{\rm{turb}}$, from 20--30,000\,\hbox{$\rm\thinspace km~s^{-1}$}, for consistency with
\cite{Pinto16nat}.

The addition of \hbox{\rm{\small XSTAR}}\ to our continuum model provides a more substantial
improvement to the fit than the single Gaussian feature: $\Delta\chi^{2}=29$ for three
extra free parameters. This may suggest that, in addition to the feature at
$\sim$8.8\,keV, there are further weak features in the spectrum that are associated
with the same outflow but not significantly detected individually. We find
$\log\xi=3.3^{+0.3}_{-0.5}$,
$N_{\rm{H,ion}}=(1.2^{+2.1}_{-0.8})\times10^{23}$\,cm$^{-2}$,
$v_{\rm{out}}=0.236\pm0.005c$, and $v_{\rm{turb}}<1000$\,\hbox{$\rm\thinspace km~s^{-1}$}. Although
$\log\xi\sim3.3$ is preferred, there is a degeneracy between the ionisation
parameter and the column density (Figure \ref{fig_xstar}). This is not surprising
given that the observational signature of this absorber is dominated by a single line,
making it difficult to distinguish between ionisation states dominated by \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXV}}\
($\log\xi\sim3.3$) and \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXVI}}\ ($\log\xi\sim4.5$; see {\it e.g.}\ \citealt{King14}). The
velocity contour therefore also shows two minima with similarly good fits (the second
being at $v_{\rm{out}}\sim0.2c$; Figure \ref{fig_xstar}), corresponding to these two
potential solutions.

\section{Discussion and Conclusions}
\label{sec_dis}

We have presented the detection of an absorption feature at $E=8.77^{+0.05}_{-0.06}$
\hbox{\rm keV}\ in the X-ray spectrum of the ULX \rm NGC\,1313 X-1, found by combining data from the {\it XMM-Newton}\
and {\it NuSTAR}\ observatories. Owing to the extreme energy of this feature, and the low
flux of \rm NGC\,1313 X-1, the combination of {\it XMM-Newton}\ and {\it NuSTAR}\ is particularly vital to this detection.
This provides a broad bandpass, enabling robust continuum estimation both above
and below the line energy, and significantly enhances the S/N over what each
observatory individually would return in commensurate exposure times. Both of
these issues hindered our previous attempt to search for absorption in \rm NGC\,1313 X-1\ (using
{\it XMM-Newton}\ only; \citealt{Walton12ulxFeK}) to the extent that this feature could not be
seen. Furthermore, the combination of the different detectors aboard {\it XMM-Newton}\ and
{\it NuSTAR}\ allows us to effectively rule out an instrumental systematic origin, given that
all the detectors utilized show consistent low residuals to the continuum emission.

Associating this feature with highly ionised iron, either \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXV}}\ or \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXVI}}, implies an
extreme outflow velocity of 0.2--0.25$c$. Photoionisation modeling marginally
prefers a solution in which this absorption is dominated by \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXV}}\
($\log\xi\sim3.3$, $v_{\rm{out}}\sim0.25c$), but with the observational signature of
this absorber being dominated by this single line there is significant degeneracy,
with solutions dominated by \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXVI}}\ ($\log\xi\sim4.5$, $v_{\rm{out}}\sim0.2c$)
providing similarly good fits. These velocities are consistent with the UFO recently
discovered by \cite{Pinto16nat}, that was identified through the
detection of highly blue-shifted absorption lines from moderately ionised material
in the low-energy X-ray band, suggesting that we are seeing an iron K$\alpha$
component associated with the same outflow. Ionized iron K$\alpha$ absorption
features associated with UFOs ($v_{\rm{out}}>0.1c$) have been seen in
several active galaxies ({\it e.g.}\ \citealt{Tombesi10b}), but never before from an X-ray
binary. We note that the energy of the detected feature is just about consistent with
the rest-frame energy of the \hbox{\rm Fe\,{\small XXV}}\ edge at 8.83\,keV. However, the data prefer the
feature to be narrow, and no corresponding absorption line is seen at 6.67\,keV,
hence an ionized absorber at rest provides a significantly worse fit in our
photoionization modeling ($\Delta\chi^{2}\sim29$).

\cite{Pinto16nat} consider two possibilities for the outflow structure: a single zone
with low velocity broadening ($v_{\rm{turb}}=20$\,\hbox{$\rm\thinspace km~s^{-1}$}), and two zones, the
second of which has a much higher broadening ($v_{\rm{turb}}=10,000$\,\hbox{$\rm\thinspace km~s^{-1}$}).
The line detected here is narrow; broadening at the latter level seems to be unlikely.
We therefore compare our results to the former scenario. Although there is
significant degeneracy in our results (Figure \ref{fig_xstar}), the absorption detected
here is significantly more ionized, and has a significantly larger column;
\citealt{Pinto16nat} found $\log\xi\sim2.3$, and
$N_{\rm{H}}\sim2\times10^{22}$\,cm$^{-2}$ for their one-zone model. The
absorption detected here may thus arise in a phase of the outflow located closer to
the black hole than that contributing the features detected in the RGS. The contrast
between $v_{\rm{out}}$ and $v_{\rm{turb}}$ is larger than inferred for the UFOs in
PDS456 (\citealt{Nardini15}) and PG1211+143 (\citealt{Pounds03}), despite the
similar Gaussian line width constraints. If real, this may provide some clue to the
wind geometry, implying that we might not directly view the primary acceleration
region, otherwise a smaller contrast would have been expected. However, the
constraint on $v_{\rm{turb}}$ is ionization dependent, with the higher ionization
solution allowing for $v_{\rm{turb}}$ up to 10,000\,\hbox{$\rm\thinspace km~s^{-1}$}, more comparable with
these other cases.

This additional phase of absorption would significantly increase the total mass
outflow rate ($\dot{M}_{\rm{out}}$) compared to that inferred from just the low-energy
absorption alone. Combining the standard expression for $\dot{M}_{\rm{out}}$ and
the definition of the ionisation parameter, we can estimate the kinetic luminosity of the
outflow ($L_{\rm{kin}}=1/2\dot{M}v_{\rm{out}}^2$) relative to the bolometric radiative
luminosity ($L_{\rm{bol}}$):

\begin{equation}
\frac{L_{\rm{kin}}}{L_{\rm{bol}}}\approx2{\pi}m_{\rm{p}}\mu\frac{L_{\rm{ion}}}{L_{\rm{bol}}}\frac{v_{\rm{out}}^3}{\xi}{\Omega}C_{\rm{V}}
\end{equation}

\noindent{where} $m_{\rm{p}}$ is the proton mass, $\mu$ is the mean atomic
weight ($\sim$1.2 for solar abundances), $\Omega$ is the (normalized) solid angle
subtended by the wind, and $C_{\rm{V}}$ is its volume filling factor (or its
`clumpiness'). Although some extrapolation beyond the observed bandpass is
necessary, the broadband continuum models constructed by \cite{Bachetti13} and
\cite{Miller14} imply $L_{\rm{ion}}/L_{\rm{bol}}\sim0.85$. We therefore find
$L_{\rm{kin}}/L_{\rm{bol}}\sim1500{\Omega}C_{\rm{V}}$ and
$\sim$60${\Omega}C_{\rm{V}}$ for the lower and higher ionisation solutions,
respectively. Thus unless it either has a very small solid angle or a very low
volume filling factor (which may be possible; \citealt{King12}), the wind may dominate
the energy output from \rm NGC\,1313 X-1. While both $\Omega$ and $C_{\rm{V}}$ are unknown,
the above $L_{\rm{kin}}/L_{\rm{bol}}$ values are extreme in comparison to similar
calculations for even the strongest outflows seen from sub-Eddington systems
(\citealt{Blustin05, King12, King14, Nardini15, Miller16}). This is consistent with the
basic expectation for a super-Eddington accretion scenario (\citealt{Poutanen07,
King09}), as suggested by the unusual broadband X-ray spectrum observed
(\citealt{Bachetti13}).

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}

The authors would like to thank the anonymous referee for their extremely timely
and positive feedback, which helped improve the final manuscript. MJM
acknowledges support from an STFC Ernest Rutherford fellowship, CP and ACF
acknowledge support from ERC Advanced Grant 340442, and DB acknowledges
financial support from the French Space Agency (CNES). This research has made
use of data obtained with {\it NuSTAR}, a project led by Caltech, funded by NASA and
managed by NASA/JPL, and has utilized the \rm {\small NUSTARDAS}\ software  package, jointly
developed by the ASDC (Italy) and Caltech (USA). This research has also made
use of data obtained with {\it XMM-Newton}, an ESA science mission with instruments and
contributions directly funded by ESA Member States.

{\it Facilites:} \facility{NuSTAR}, \facility{XMM}

\bibliographystyle{/Users/dwalton/papers/mnras}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Manly Vale NSW 2093
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Donna is a Titled Sports Physiotherapist and an accredited provider with the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) and the New South Wales Institute of Sport (NSWIS). She was selected as the physiotherapist to work with gymnastics at the Sydney Olympics and as the team physiotherapist for sailing at the 2004 and 2012 Olympics. At the 2012 Olympics in London, sailing was the most successful team of the games. Donna was also selected as the team physiotherapist for sailing at the 2016 Olympics in Rio. Donna has completed her Masters in Sports Physiotherapy and has a special interest in musculoskeletal physiotherapy, particularly the shoulder and the hip. Donna regularly lectures in Sports Physiotherapy and has implemented a number of prevention programs to reduce the risk of injury in sports such as sailing, athletics and gymnastics. She is currently working on a number of scientific research papers with a focus on lower back pain treatment and prevention,
Other Providers near Manly Vale, NSW
295 Condamine Street Manly Vale NSW 2093
Jan Skov
3b 3-9 Kenneth Road Manly Vale NSW 2093
Total Physiotherapy Manly Vale
Veena Sothieson
3b 39 Kenneth Road Manly Vale NSW 2093
Booking Page: Total Physiotherapy
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Q: Python, sharing mysql connection in multiple functions - pass connection or cursor? I am opening mysql connection in the main function and use that connection in multiple functions called by the main function.
Is there anything wrong with passing cursor from main function instead of passing the connection?
I.e.:
Pass in cursor from main function
def main():
    conn = pymysql.connect(...)
    with conn as cursor:
        func1(cursor)
        func2(cursor)
    conn.close()

def func1(cursor):
    cursor.execute('select ...')

def func2(cursor):
    cursor.execute('insert ...')

Pass in connection from main function
def main():
    conn = pymysql.connect(...)
    func1(conn)
    func2(conn)
    conn.close()

def func1(conn):
    with conn as cursor:
        cursor.execute('select ...')

def func2(conn):
    with conn as cursor:
        cursor.execute('insert ...')

A: The answer comes from Law of Demeter: Pass cursor.
This also leads to a slightly shorter code. In this case, it's pretty trivial, but sometimes it may be a lot (e.g., passing a database name vs. passing a cursor).