text:
package com.grayfox.android.app.widget;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.PorterDuff;
import android.location.Address;
import android.location.Geocoder;
import android.location.Location;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import com.daimajia.swipe.SwipeLayout;
import com.daimajia.swipe.adapters.RecyclerSwipeAdapter;
import com.daimajia.swipe.util.Attributes;

import com.grayfox.android.app.R;
import com.grayfox.android.app.util.ColorTransformation;
import com.grayfox.android.client.model.Poi;

import com.squareup.picasso.Picasso;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;

public class PoiRouteAdapter extends RecyclerSwipeAdapter<RecyclerView.ViewHolder> {

    private static final String TAG = "PoiRouteAdapter";

    private enum ViewType {TOP, MIDDLE, BOTTOM}

    private final List<Poi> poiSequence;
    private final Location currentLocation;
    private OnDeleteItemListener onDeleteItemListener;

    public PoiRouteAdapter(Location currentLocation) {
        this.currentLocation = currentLocation;
        poiSequence = new ArrayList<>();
        setMode(Attributes.Mode.Single);
    }

    public void add(Poi... pois) {
        poiSequence.addAll(Arrays.asList(pois));
    }

    public void set(Poi... pois) {
        poiSequence.clear();
        poiSequence.addAll(Arrays.asList(pois));
    }

    public void move(int from, int to) {
        int poiFromPosition = from-1;
        int poiToPosition = to-1;
        Poi removed = poiSequence.remove(poiFromPosition);
        poiSequence.add(poiToPosition, removed);
    }

    public void setOnDeleteItemListener(OnDeleteItemListener onDeleteItemListener) {
        this.onDeleteItemListener = onDeleteItemListener;
    }

    @Override
    public RecyclerView.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        switch (ViewType.values()[viewType]) {
            case TOP:
                View topView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.route_top_item, parent, false);
                return new TopViewHolder(topView);
            case MIDDLE:
                View middleView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.route_middle_item, parent, false);
                return new MiddleViewHolder(middleView);
            case BOTTOM:
                View bottomView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.route_bottom_item, parent, false);
                return new BottomViewHolder(bottomView);
            default: return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(RecyclerView.ViewHolder holder, final int position) {
        Context context = holder.itemView.getContext();
        switch (ViewType.values()[getItemViewType(position)]) {
            case TOP:
                TopViewHolder topViewHolder = (TopViewHolder) holder;
                topViewHolder.markerImage.getDrawable().mutate().setColorFilter(context.getResources().getColor(R.color.secondary_text), PorterDuff.Mode.SRC_IN);
                topViewHolder.locationDescriptionTextView.setText(getAddress(context, currentLocation));
                break;
            case MIDDLE:
                final Poi poi = poiSequence.get(position-1);
                final MiddleViewHolder middleViewHolder = (MiddleViewHolder) holder;
                middleViewHolder.swipeLayout.setShowMode(SwipeLayout.ShowMode.PullOut);
                middleViewHolder.swipeLayout.setDragEdge(SwipeLayout.DragEdge.Right);
                Picasso.with(context)
                        .load(poi.getCategories()[0].getIconUrl())
                        .transform(new ColorTransformation(context.getResources().getColor(R.color.secondary_text)))
                        .placeholder(R.drawable.ic_generic_category)
                        .into(middleViewHolder.categoryImageView);
                middleViewHolder.categoryNameView.setText(poi.getCategories()[0].getName());
                middleViewHolder.poiNameView.setText(poi.getName());
                middleViewHolder.deleteButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View view) {
                        mItemManger.removeShownLayouts(middleViewHolder.swipeLayout);
                        poiSequence.remove(position-1);
                        notifyDataSetChanged();
                        mItemManger.closeAllItems();
                        if (onDeleteItemListener != null) onDeleteItemListener.onDelete(poi, position);
                    }
                });
                break;
            case BOTTOM:
                final Poi lastPoi = poiSequence.get(position-1);
                final BottomViewHolder bottomViewHolder = (BottomViewHolder) holder;
                bottomViewHolder.swipeLayout.setShowMode(SwipeLayout.ShowMode.PullOut);
                bottomViewHolder.swipeLayout.setDragEdge(SwipeLayout.DragEdge.Right);
                Picasso.with(context)
                        .load(lastPoi.getCategories()[0].getIconUrl())
                        .transform(new ColorTransformation(context.getResources().getColor(R.color.secondary_text)))
                        .placeholder(R.drawable.ic_generic_category)
                        .into(bottomViewHolder.categoryImageView);
                bottomViewHolder.categoryNameView.setText(lastPoi.getCategories()[0].getName());
                bottomViewHolder.poiNameView.setText(lastPoi.getName());
                bottomViewHolder.deleteButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View view) {
                        mItemManger.removeShownLayouts(bottomViewHolder.swipeLayout);
                        poiSequence.remove(position-1);
                        notifyDataSetChanged();
                        mItemManger.closeAllItems();
                        if (onDeleteItemListener != null) onDeleteItemListener.onDelete(lastPoi, position);
                    }
                });
                break;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemViewType(int position) {
        if (position == 0) return ViewType.TOP.ordinal();
        if (position == getItemCount()-1) return ViewType.BOTTOM.ordinal();
        return ViewType.MIDDLE.ordinal();
    }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return poiSequence.size()+1;
    }

    @Override
    public int getSwipeLayoutResourceId(int i) {
        return R.id.swipe;
    }

    private String getAddress(Context context, Location location) {
        Geocoder geocoder = new Geocoder(context, Locale.getDefault());
        try {
            List<Address> addresses = geocoder.getFromLocation(location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude(), 1);
            if (addresses == null || addresses.isEmpty()) return null;
            Address address = addresses.get(0);
            StringBuilder addressBuilder = new StringBuilder();
            String prefix = "";
            for(int i = 0; i < address.getMaxAddressLineIndex(); i++) {
                addressBuilder.append(prefix).append(address.getAddressLine(i));
                prefix = "/";
            }
            return addressBuilder.toString();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Service unavailable", ex);
            return null;
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Error while retrieving address", ex);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public interface OnDeleteItemListener {
        void onDelete(Poi poi, int position);
    }

    private static class TopViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        private ImageView markerImage;
        private TextView locationDescriptionTextView;

        public TopViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            markerImage = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.marker_image);
            locationDescriptionTextView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.location_description);
        }
    }

    private static class MiddleViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        private SwipeLayout swipeLayout;
        private ImageView categoryImageView;
        private TextView poiNameView;
        private TextView categoryNameView;
        private ImageButton deleteButton;

        public MiddleViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            swipeLayout = (SwipeLayout) itemView.findViewById(R.id.swipe);
            categoryImageView = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.category_image);
            poiNameView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.poi_name);
            categoryNameView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.category_name);
            deleteButton = (ImageButton) itemView.findViewById(R.id.delete_button);
        }
    }

    private static class BottomViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

        private SwipeLayout swipeLayout;
        private ImageView categoryImageView;
        private TextView poiNameView;
        private TextView categoryNameView;
        private ImageButton deleteButton;

        public BottomViewHolder(View itemView) {
            super(itemView);
            swipeLayout = (SwipeLayout) itemView.findViewById(R.id.swipe);
            categoryImageView = (ImageView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.category_image);
            poiNameView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.poi_name);
            categoryNameView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.category_name);
            deleteButton = (ImageButton) itemView.findViewById(R.id.delete_button);
        }
    }
}


About Emily Creek Woodworking Ltd.
Emily Creek Woodworking Ltd. was started in the mid 80's. We are currently operating our fully automated manufacturing division in our 20 000 sq/ft facility in Pontypool, Ontario with 24 team members. our projects are all over Ontario.


Hyve Pryme with 5.7″ Display & 4GB of RAM Launched at Rs. 17,999 – Android Advices By karunakar on November 15, 2016 Hyve, the Indian startup company, has launched their new Flagship smartphone called Hyve Pryme. In the recent days, the company has launched Hyve Storm and Hyve Buzz both of them a budget oriented smartphone with decent specifications in it.


text:
Justia Dockets & Filings Tenth Circuit Colorado District Court Maxton v. USA et al Filing 119
Maxton v. USA et al
ORDER by Magistrate Judge Boyd N. Boland on 2/18/14 denying Plaintiff's 116 Petition to Have Attorney Scott Varholak Take over this Case. (BWS)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLORADO Civil Action No. 12-cv-00383-WYD-BNB THERON JOHNNY MAXTON, # 85599-071, Plaintiff, v. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; BOP DIRECTOR, Washington, D.C.; T.K COZZA-RHODES, Warden F.C.I.; CHARLES DANIEL, Warden F.C.I.; S. COLLINS, Health Service, U.S.P.; LT. ANTHONY, U.S.P. Florence, Defendants. ______________________________________________________________________________ ORDER ______________________________________________________________________________ This matter arises on the plaintiff's Petition to Have Attorney Scott Varholak Take over this Case [Doc. #116, filed 02/11/14] (the "Motion"). The Motion is DENIED. The plaintiff requests that the court "allow attorney Scott Varholak to handle this civil action from this point forward . . . ." Mr. Varholak is a Federal Public Defender and, so far as I know, not available to represent the plaintiff in this civil action. If I am wrong and if Mr. Varholak wants to represent the plaintiff, he is free to enter his appearance. The court has broad discretion in determining whether to appoint counsel in a civil case. DiCesare v. Stuart, 12 F.3d 973, 979 (10th Cir. 1993). In deciding whether to appoint counsel, the following factors are considered: (1) the merits of the litigant's claims, (2) the nature of the factual issues raised in the claims, (3) the litigant's ability to present his claims, and (4) the complexity of the legal issues raised by the claims. Rucks v. Boergermann, 57 F.3d 978, 979 (10th Cir. 1995). Here, plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint which amply presents his case. The factual and legal issues raised by the plaintiff's claims are not complex. In addition, the allegations of the Complaint do not convince me that the plaintiff's chances of succeeding on the merits are strong. Consequently, IT IS ORDERED that the Motion is DENIED. Dated February 18, 2014. BY THE COURT: s/ Boyd N. Boland United States Magistrate Judge 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The DBL system is a safety device which activates a flashing stop light in order to warn vehicles behind of an intense and sudden braking. The device, when properly mounted on the motorcycle, is activated when the vehicle undergoes a sudden deceleration, by flashing the stop light with a frequency of 4 Hz. The DBL is activated as soon as the rider brakes suddenly and continues to work for the next 4.5s even with less deceleration. The device will not operate at speeds under 40 km / h. The DBL can be connected to the bike's rear light, or to our multi-functional indicators: FR125/FR155/FR165. The DBL is an accelerometer and consequently doesn't require any connection to the brake hydraulic system.


The births column in 'The Telegraph' opens up a whole new world of baby names, and we can't look away.
Just in case you weren't aware, there are newborns in this world with names such as Badger, Bunker, Antigone, and Dionysus.
Of course, these are not your run-of-the-mill suburban kids; theses are the offspring of the British elite.
There's not an Ella, Olivia, Sam or Henry in sight. But Wolf Joachim Mauleverer will do nicely, thank you very much.
And apparently, it's a bit of a pastime on Twitter to post birth announcements from posh London newspaper The Telegraph, according to The Poke.
Of course, elaborate names are all par for the course in British aristocracy. These are countesses, princes and princesses, after all.
Only five middle names and a nickname will do for these children. To be fair, often the long names are condensed to cute nicknames. Antigone Madeleine Maude for example, will be 'Tiggy'.
Yes, baffling to most of us, why the pomp and ceremony if she's just going to be Tiggy?
It's all part of the fun. And maybe, just maybe Tiggy might be easier on the child in the playground.
Ptarmigan Rose however... well, she can always be Rosie, can't she?


text:
Matthew Kirsh
Amy Anderson
Becky Kirsh
Parentage Cases
Talk To Us Today:
 CALL
Becky has worked in the areas of finance, development, education, and project management for over 30 years. She brings her knowledge of personal finance to the table to help the newly single navigate their financial future. Becky works side-by-side with clients to help set up a personal financial framework. Among other services, she helps clients create balance sheets and budgets; organize bill-pay and tracking; work with financial and legal experts to open, close, or condense accounts to simplify long-term and short-term planning; work with insurance professionals to ensure coverage is appropriate.
Navigating the post-divorce world can be confusing, but it is doable. Having Becky guide the client through the process both inspires self-confidence and lessens the possible anxiety.
Becky holds a graduate certificate from Creighton University in Negotiation and Dispute Resolution, a Divorce Mediation Certificate from Northwestern University, and a Paralegal Certificate from the College of DuPage.
211 W. Wacker Drive
Chicago Law Office Map
© 2023 Kirsh & Associates, LTD. • All Rights Reserved


9th Annual Baltimore Improv Festival Submissions Open April 1st!
Help share the good word and please consider applying for the 9th Annual Baltimore Improv Festival! We are back and better than ever in the beautiful Mt. Vernon neighborhood in Baltimore, and we would love to have you and your team submit!
Our Festival runs 6 nights from July 28th-August 2nd in the super lovely Baltimore Theater Project. Submissions will open on Wednesday, April 1st on our festival website! Submissions will close on May 10th.
If you are interested in teaching at our festival on August 1st or 2nd please submit a brief description of your workshop and preferred date for teaching by emailing bridget@bigimprov.org.
Maybe we are biased, but this one of the best festivals around and we have a blast with huge supportive audiences. While you are at it, please following our festival facebook page!


Welcome to 88 Emerald Valley Lane, Emerald Glen, Basking Ridge, NJ - THINKING OF MOVING? THINK YOUNG!
Emerald Glen is a luxury cul de sac subdivision of elegant homes with sweeping lawns and mature trees. As you pass the circle midway down Emerald Valley Lane, you will enter the more recent Phase 2, where No. 88 awaits. Enjoy magnificent vistas of the surrounding hills from your covered porch. Tall trees in the bordering conservation easement provide serenity and privacy. This home is a true oasis.
This home boasts a Bucks Country fieldstone and Hardie Plank exterior, both of which were upgrades. The symmetry and distinct quality architectural design elements add to this home's abundant curb appeal. The setback, lush lawn, and superior site plan showcase this home's beauty at every angle. A flagstone walkway welcomes you to the columned entry and front door. East facing, this home enjoys sundrenched mornings from the foyer and front rooms. Gleaming hardwood floors, a stunning oak staircase, and exceptional millwork exemplify the tranquility and harmony of this truly beautiful center hall colonial.


There are many options for the environment. M-tech ensures that you choose the right ones.
Environmental legislation in Belgium, especially in Flanders, has become increasingly complicated over the years; a trend that is still continuing. Naturally, caring for our environment is of great importance. However, entrepreneurs are finding it increasingly difficult to see the wood for the trees in legislation. M-tech helps you find your way in what often seems like a labyrinth.
M-tech is a consultancy specialised in complex environmental and urban development legislation. We consciously choose an integral approach to the problems, i.e. we aim to obtain an environmental license in consultation with you and all government services involved which is acceptable for all parties.
Do you require an environmental license for you company, but do not know how to obtain one? Are you looking for someone who can help you draw up an environmental impact assessment or a safety report? Then at M-tech, you've come to the right place.


text:
You On Tour
Explore and Plan
Old City Center
Sea and Nature
Lampedusa and Linosa – Marine Reserves
Lampedusa and Linosa are the most beautiful marine reserves amongst the minor Sicilian islands
Lampedusa and Linosa
Marine Reserves of Agrigento
Many choose to spend a few days of their vacation at Lampedusa for its crystal-clear waters. But, besides being very beautiful, the Pelagian Isles are also the most southerly Marine Reserves of the province of Agrigento and indeed of Italy and the European continent. The archipelago composed of Lampedusa and Linosa represents the natural and geological intersection of two continents: Africa and Europe. The island of Lampedusa is of limestone and therefore white, as the Isola dei Conigli, one of the most beautiful beaches of the world. Linosa, in stark contrast, is of volcanic origin and therefore as black as a black pearl with many marvelous coves and rocks. The nature reserve of Lampedusa, established by the Sicilian regional government in 1995 and managed by the Legambiente Sicilia, covers about 320 hectares of the southern coast of the island and stretches from Vallone dell'Acqua to Cala Greca, including Isola dei Conigli. It protects a natural heritage of great value which is distinguished by rare species and habitats at risk of extinction. The flora in the nature reserve is composed of species typical of Mediterranean marine scrub such as Euforbia, Lentisco, Pino d'Aleppo as well as plants typically found on the African continent such as Centaura Acaulis. Birdlife is very rich too and rare species such as Marangone dal Ciuffo, Falco della Regina, Colubro Lacertino, Colubro del Cappuccino, Berta Minore and Berta Maggiore may be spotted.
The nature reserve of Linosa and Lampione includes, as the name suggests, the uninhabited and distant Isle of Lampione, territory of many rare species of fish and sharks such as the Squalo Toro and the Squalo Grigio. Linosa represents an extraordinary habitat both inland, with its extinct craters Monte Rosso, Monte Nero and Monte Volcano, and in its coastal waters which are richly populated by fish, starfish, sea cucumbers, sponges and sea urchins. The nature reserve was established by the Sicilian regional government in 2000 with the aim of protecting the rich flora composed of musks, lichens and rock vegetation and the varied fauna, in particular large colonies of Berta Maggiore, a bird which lives in and on the water and comes inland only to reproduce and breed. Be sure not to miss the spectacle of the infinite flocks of birds which settle on the coastal waters at sunset as the water assumes a variety of colours from red to gold. These islands are connected to the Sicilian 'mainland' by ship andby hovercraft both leaving from the harbour of Porto Empedocle.
THIS INFORMATION is subject to change without prior notice
The Pelagian isles are connected to the Sicilian mainland by hovercraft and/or boats leaving from the harbour of Porto Empedocle.
The Nature Reserve is run by Legambiente and the Municipality of Lampedusa.
Nature Reserve of Lampedusa and Linosa: open to visitors all year round
The offices of Legambiente are open every day for information and booking of guided tours; it is possible to consult information material on the protected areas and nature conservation in general.
Guided visits are available upon prior booking
Nature Reserve of Lampedusa and Linosa
offices: contact for further information
Legambiente local offices: contact Giusi Nicolini
Municipal offices of Lampedusa:
Ufficio Legambiente via Vittorio Emanuele, 27 – 92010 Lampedusa (AG)
Comune di Lampedusa e Linosa Via Roma, 36 – 92010 Lampedusa (AG)
The following coordinates indicate the beach of Isola dei Conigli.
N 35° 30' 47.45''
E 12° 33' 27.54''
Guide Booklet
to our email address
YouOnTour | Copyright 2017 - 2020
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The latest Rasmussen Reports telephone poll shows Gregoire attracting 50% of the vote while Rossi earns 48%. When October began, the candidates were tied. Gregoire's support had declined steadily from May through September before improving slightly in that early October poll.
Still, the Democratic incumbent is viewed favorably by just 50% of voters statewide while Rossi earns positive reviews from 52%.
Greogoire leads by six percentage points among women but trails by three among men (full demographic crosstabs available for Premium Members).
Forty-three percent (43%) say that Gregoire is doing a good or excellent as governor while 34% say she is doing a poor job. Those figures have changed little over the past month.
This year's election is reminiscent of the exciting match-up between the two candidates in 2004 that ended with a controversial win for Gregoire that had to be decided by the state's courts.
(Want a free daily e-mail update? If it's in the news, it's in our polls). Rasmussen Markets data shows that Gregoire is currently given a % chance of being re-elected in November. Figures updated on a 24/7basis by market participants. It costs nothing to join and add your voice to the Rasmussen Market results. The latest numbers for Washington's presidential race will be released today at 5 p.m. Eastern.
This telephone survey of 500 Likely Voters was conducted by Rasmussen Reports on October 22, 2008. The margin of sampling error for the survey is +/- 4.5 percentage points with a 95% level of confidence.


Some more iCards (inspiration cards) here.
The full collection of my iCards (inspiration cards) are posted on this page, using my own photographs. Free to download and share.
More iCards (inspiration cards) here.
These iCards (inspiration cards) are all un-copyrighted. Please feel free to download more from here, and share.


text:
<p id="neufeld_ryan" data-toggle="tooltip" title="">
    Ryan Neufeld is a graduate student at
    the University of Waterloo. His research goal is to develop a
    switchable adhesive device, using liquid crystalline elastomers as
    the main material. He is also interested in using simulations as
    teaching tools in science and mathematics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As it celebrates its 50th anniversary this year, the University of California, Irvine salutes the great achievements that built a world-class university while continuing to look toward a brilliant future. And in one significant way, that future will be realized through the vision and drive of Dr. Howard J. Federoff.
He officially joined UCI in July as the vice chancellor for health affairs and dean of the School of Medicine. It's a significant and demanding job, one made more complex by historic shifts in health policy and emerging practices in patient care and clinical research that are dramatically changing how healthcare is provided and received in this country.
By definition, Federoff oversees the UC Irvine Health enterprise, which includes UC Irvine Medical Center and its affiliated clinics, the School of Medicine and the health-related academic programs in nursing science, public health and pharmaceutical sciences.
But for all intents and purposes, he is Orange County's top doctor. He leads the county's largest and highest-rated hospital as well as its only medical school, one widely acclaimed for cutting-edge research and influential approaches to education.
In addition, Federoff is spearheading the campaign to create schools of nursing science, public health and pharmaceutical sciences – and, eventually, bring all these parts together in a cohesive enterprise.
Federoff previously held top administrative positions at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., and, before that, served at the University of Rochester in New York City, but UCI has long been on his radar. As a scientist, he has advanced research in the areas of gene therapy and neurodegenerative diseases, and in the early 2000s, Federoff was invited to be an adviser for UCI's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. Last year, he spoke at the 30th anniversary event for the ADRC, which is part of the Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders.
During meetings with the search committee, "Howard outlined a clear, bold, 30,000-foot vision of UCI yet at the same time had a pragmatic operational understanding," says Dr. Tallie Z. Baram, the Danette "Dee Dee" Shepard Chair in Neurological Studies, who was on that panel.
"He drew a proposed path for UC Irvine Health in elegant, uplifting brushstrokes and provided concrete steps for that path, and it compelled us to follow in his footprints," she adds.
Federoff accepted the offer in early March, and before assuming the position full time, he made numerous brief trips out here from Washington. Many met him for the first time at the medical school's Match Day event, on March 20, where he made some public remarks.
"Busy" doesn't begin to describe Federoff's first month. The short version of his to-do list included: hiring a new CEO for UC Irvine Medical Center to replace the retired Terry Belmont; acquiring and reviewing initial proposals for the nursing science, public health and pharmaceutical sciences schools; and creating a strategic plan for the entire enterprise.
A key objective during his first year, Federoff says, is to recruit leaders who bring "big halos" and large national reputations with them that can drive clinical and research growth in their respective areas.
And from what he's seen of his new home, this vision of growth – both quantitatively and qualitatively – can become a reality.


text:
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Continuum College University of Washington
UW PCE
Lifelong Learning Award
Vice Provost
Rovy Branon is the vice provost for University of Washington Continuum College. In this role, he oversees all UW Professional & Continuing Education programs and staff.
Previously Branon was the associate dean for online learning and the executive director of the Academic Advanced Distributed Learning Co-Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Extension in Madison.
Prior to his work in higher education, he led an instructional design team at Eli Lilly and Company in Indianapolis. He has more than 20 years of instructional media and learning technology development experience in corporate, higher education and not-for-profit settings.
Branon holds a Master of Education in Instructional Systems Technology from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte and a Ph.D. in Instructional Systems Technology, and a minor in human-computer interaction, from Indiana University.
Rovy Branon
Vice Provost, Continuum College
View Curriculum Vitae
SANDRA JANUSCH
Assistant Vice Provost, International & Academic Programs
Sandra Janusch, a California native, has lived internationally for most of her professional career, teaching and coordinating programs in China, Vietnam, Canada, the Netherlands, France and Indonesia. An expert teacher herself, her experience includes training teachers of English as a second/foreign language. Janusch came to the UW from the University of Montana, Missoula, where she was director of the English Language Institute. She earned her Ph.D. in education from the University of Calgary; her master's of education in teaching English to speakers of other languages from Holy Names University; and a bachelor's degree in theater arts from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Erik Bansleben
Senior Director, Program Development
Erik Bansleben leads a team of directors, assistant directors and program managers who guide a wide range of programs — from degrees and credit certificates to a large portfolio of noncredit offerings as well as UW Summer Quarter and UW in the High School. Prior to joining the University, he was a database consultant focusing on the public sector and also taught hundreds of workshops and courses for Duke University Continuing Studies. Bansleben holds a master's in information technology as well as a master's and Ph.D. in Germanics, both from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
MARLON BUCHANAN
Senior Director of Technology & Data Services
Marlon Buchanan has over 20 years of combined experience as an IT director, software developer, analyst and college instructor. In his current role, he leads the IT and project management office teams to deliver key technology solutions, services and support for UW Continuum College staff and students. Prior to joining UWC², he spent 13 years at Casey Family Programs, most recently as director of business solutions. While there, he led the replacement of the organization's HR and payroll system, general ledger system, case management system and its nationwide foster care data and reporting system. He has a bachelor's in computer science and engineering from MIT and master's degrees in business administration and software engineering from Seattle University.
Jennifer Buck
Senior Director, Administrative Services
Jennifer Buck is a senior certified professional through the Society for Human Resources Management. She leads employee relations and works closely with UW Continuum College's finance team. Her specialties include employment law, legal and policy compliance, conflict resolution and professional development. Buck previously led human resources for Pharmacy OneSource. She has higher education experience from roles at Butler University, Indiana University — Purdue University Indianapolis and the University of Texas. Buck earned her MBA from the Indiana University Kelley School of Business and a bachelor's degree from Butler University.
Risa De Gorgue
Senior Director, Marketing & Enrollment Services
Risa de Gorgue is a veteran marketing leader who has introduced and managed successful product lines, led integrated marketing campaigns and built brands for multinational corporations, including Georgia-Pacific, Weyerhaeuser and 3M. Over the past 10 years at the UW, she's led an experienced team of professionals with expertise in UW branding, web development, digital marketing, marketing analytics, design and storytelling. Today, through the combined efforts of this team, the UWPCE website receives over a million visitors and over 10,000 leads per year and is the single largest referral site to most UW fee-based degrees. In 2016, she formed the new enrollment services team to guide working adults in selecting the optimal certificate program for their career development.
Andrew Hoover
Senior Director, Program Strategy
Andrew Hoover leads strategic initiatives to expand UW Continuum College's certificate and degree programs, serving more than 10,000 students each year. Serving in various program management roles, Hoover has partnered with campus leaders, community practitioners and UWC² team members to initiate, develop and launch dozens of educational programs. In 2004, Hoover left Microsoft, where he was a senior director, to join the UW, bringing with him a decade of experience in strategy and program management. A global traveler, Hoover holds a Chinese language certificate. He also has an MBA from the UW Foster School of Business and a bachelor's degree in economics with a minor in art from Macalester College.
Danielle allsop
Interim Senior Director, Academic Programs
Danielle Allsop leads multiple teams at Continuum College, including Academic Excellence, Academic Programs Operations and Conference Management. She has more than 15 years of experience in higher education and professional and continuing education — including more than 10 years of experience in online education. Allsop has led the development and management of more than 75 online courses, served as program manager for the launch of the Integrated Social Sciences online bachelor's completion program and led the creation of UWC²'s Instructional Excellence team in 2016. She holds a Master of Public Administration and bachelor's in International Studies from the University of Washington.
kim mapes
Kim Mapes is executive assistant to the vice provost and assistant vice provost, helping them stay organized and on track from behind the scenes. She's also the lead for UW Continuum College's internal communications, helping to develop and disseminate messaging to inform and connect staff. Before UWC², Mapes supported UW Marketing & Communications and developed many connections across campus during the 2014 launch of the brand marketing campaign and the public phase of the Be Boundless fundraising campaign. Mapes has a bachelor's in English with a minor in psychology from Seattle University and more than 20 years of administrative support experience.
Continuum College | University of Washington
UW Box 359480 Seattle, WA 98195


text:
ENERGIZED FLUIDS AND PRESSURE MANIPULATION FOR SUBSURFACE APPLICATIONS
Method and system for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore. An energized fluid, which when subjected to a low pressure environment liberates or releases gas from solution, is disposed in the formation. Reduced pressure in a region of the wellbore below pressure in the surrounding formation liberates a gas in the energized fluid near a tunnel created in the formation.
Walton, Ian C. (Frisco, TX, US)
Schlumberger Technology Corporation (Sugar Land, TX, US)
166/305.1
166/162, 166/55.1
E21B43/25; E21B27/00; E21B29/00; E21B41/00
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20090084544 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR INTERPRETING SWABBING TESTS USING NONLINEAR REGRESSION April, 2009 Caldera
20090308593 DOUBLE-ACTING JAR COMPOUNDER December, 2009 Budney et al.
20070277982 SPLIT STREAM OILFIELD PUMPING SYSTEMS December, 2007 Shampine et al.
SUCHFIELD, GEORGE A
SCHLUMBERGER ROSHARON CAMPUS (Houston, TX, US)
1. A method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore, comprising: disposing an energized fluid in the formation; and reducing pressure in a region of the wellbore below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near a tunnel created in the formation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the energized fluid is disposed in the formation before creation of the tunnel in the formation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pressure is reduced in the wellbore during creation of the tunnel in the formation.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein creation of the tunnel in the formation comprises creating an opening in casing disposed in the wellbore.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein reducing the pressure in the wellbore region is accomplished by using at least one selected from the following: opening at least one port to a scaled container disposed in the wellbore and containing a low pressure; and disposing a chamber in the wellbore to provide a sink for fluids in the wellbore.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the energized fluid comprises a liquid, foam, or liquefied gas.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the energized fluid is disposed in the formation after creation of the tunnel in the formation.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein reducing the pressure in the wellbore region is accomplished by using at least one selected from the following: opening at least one port to a sealed container disposed in the wellbore and containing a low pressure; and disposing a chamber in the wellbore to provide a sink for fluids in the wellbore.
10. A method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore, comprising: disposing an energized fluid in the formation; creating a tunnel in the formation at a region in the wellbore; and reducing pressure in the wellbore region to below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near the tunnel.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the pressure is reduced in the wellbore during creation of the tunnel in the formation.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein creation of the tunnel in the formation comprises creating an opening in casing disposed in the wellbore.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein reducing the pressure in the wellbore region is accomplished by using at least one selected from the following: opening at least one port to a sealed container disposed in the wellbore and containing a low pressure; and disposing a chamber in the wellbore to provide a sink for fluids in the wellbore.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the energized fluid comprises a liquid, foam, or liquefied gas.
15. A method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore, comprising: creating a tunnel in the formation at a region in the wellbore; disposing an energized fluid in the formation near the tunnel; reducing pressure in the wellbore region to below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near the tunnel.
19. A system for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore, comprising: an energized fluid contained for disposal in the formation; and an apparatus to reduce pressure in a region of the wellbore below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near a tunnel created in the formation.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the energized fluid comprises a liquid, foam, or liquefied gas.
21. The system of claim 19, wherein the pressure reducing apparatus comprises at least one sealed container containing a low pressure or at least one chamber to provide a sink for fluids in the wellbore.
22. The system of claim 19, wherein the pressure reducing apparatus is configured to reduce pressure in the region of the wellbore during creation of the tunnel in the formation.
23. The system of claim 19, wherein the pressure reducing apparatus is configured to reduce pressure in the region of the wellbore after creation of the tunnel in the formation.
24. The system of claim 19, further comprising an apparatus to create the tunnel in the formation.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the apparatus to create the tunnel in the formation is configured to create an opening in casing disposed in the wellbore.
1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to the field of subsurface reservoir communication with a wellbore.
2. Description of Related Art
To complete a well, one or more subsurface formation zones adjacent a wellbore are perforated to allow gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons from the formation zones to flow into the well for production to the surface or to allow injection fluids to be applied into the formation zones. A perforating gun string may be lowered into the well and the guns fired to penetrate metal casing, cement, or other materials in the wellbore, and to extend perforations into the surrounding formation.
The explosive nature of the penetration of perforation tunnels comminutes the adjacent rock, fractures sand grains, dislodges intergrain cementation, and debonds clay particles, resulting in a low-permeability "shock damaged region" surrounding the tunnels. The process may also generate a tunnel full of rock debris mixed in with the perforator charge debris. FIG. 1 shows a typical perforation tunnel created in a subsurface formation. The wellbore 10 is shown including casing 12 and a layer of cement 14. A shock damaged region 16 surrounds the perforation tunnel 18. The extent of the damage, and the amount of loose debris in the tunnel, may be dictated by a variety of factors including formation properties, explosive charge properties, pressure conditions, fluid properties, and so forth. The shock damaged region 16 and loose debris in the perforation tunnels negatively impacts hydrocarbon production.
One popular method of obtaining cleaner perforations is underbalanced perforating. The perforation is carried out with a lower wellbore pressure than the formation pressure. Underbalanced perforating and wellbore pressure control techniques are described in D. Minto et al., Dynamic Underbalanced Perforating System Increases Productivity and Reduces Cost in East Kalimantan Gas Field: A Case Study, SPE/IADC 97363 (2005); Eelco Bakker et al., The New Dynamics of Underbalanced Perforating, OILFIELD REVIEW, Winter 2003/2004, at 54; and U.S. Patent Nos. 7,243,725, 4,605,074, 6,527,050, 4,903,775. Though advances have been made, conventional perforation techniques remain limited by the reservoir pressure and relatively ineffective in low-pressure reservoirs.
A need remains for techniques to improve reservoir communication with wells in subsurface formations.
One aspect of the invention provides a method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore. The method includes disposing an energized fluid in the formation; and reducing pressure in a region of the wellbore below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near a tunnel created in the formation.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore. The method includes disposing an energized fluid in the formation; creating a tunnel in the formation at a region in the wellbore; and reducing pressure in the wellbore region to below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near the tunnel.
Another aspect of the invention provides a method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore. The method includes creating a tunnel in the formation at a region in the wellbore; disposing an energized fluid in the formation near the tunnel; reducing pressure in the wellbore region to below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near the tunnel.
Another aspect of the invention provides a system for a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore. The system includes an energized fluid contained for disposal in the formation; and an apparatus to reduce pressure in a region of the wellbore below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near a tunnel created in the formation.
Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the following detailed description and upon reference to the drawings in which like elements have been given like numerals and wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates a perforation tunnel formed in a subsurface formation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a system including a tool for disposing energized fluid and a tool to create a local underbalance condition in a wellbore, in accordance with aspects of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a system including a tool to create a local underbalance condition in a wellbore in accordance with aspects of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a more detailed schematic of the tool of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a system including tools for creating an underbalance condition in a wellbore and for perforating a formation in accordance with aspects of the invention.
FIGS. 6-8 are flow charts of methods for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore in accordance with aspects of the invention.
The present invention involves the disposal into the wellbore and formation matrix of an energized fluid so that on application of a local low pressure condition in the wellbore, gas is released from solution to remove perforation damage caused by a perforating event. For purposes of this disclosure, the term "energized fluid" is understood to comprise a fluid which when subjected to a low pressure environment liberates or releases gas from solution (for example, a liquid containing dissolved gases) as known in the art. Aspects of the invention include energized fluids comprising any of:
(a) Liquids that at bottom hole conditions of pressure and temperature are close to saturation with a species of gas. For example the liquid can be aqueous and the gas nitrogen. Associated with the liquid and gas species and temperature is a pressure called the bubble point, at which the liquid is fully saturated. At pressures below the bubble point, gas emerges from solution;
(b) Foams, consisting generally of an aqueous phase and a gas phase. At high pressures the foam quality is typically low (i.e., the non-saturated gas volume is low), but quality (and volume) rises as the pressure falls; or
(c) Liquefied gases.
Fluid technologies incorporating a gaseous component or a supercritical fluid to form an energized fluid are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,029,478, 3,937,283, 6,192,985 and U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 20060178276, 20060166836, 20070238624, 20070249505, 20070235189, 20070215355, 20050045334 and 20070107897. Typical gas components comprise a gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, air, argon, carbon dioxide, helium, krypton, xenon, and any mixtures thereof. The energized fluids that may be used within aspects of the invention include any stable mixture of gas phase and liquid phase.
According to aspects of the invention, a combination of wellbore pressure manipulation and energized fluid is used to mitigate or remove perforation damage. Pressure in a wellbore region or interval is manipulated in relation to the reservoir pressure to achieve removal of debris from perforation tunnels. The pressure manipulation aspects include creation of an underbalance condition (the wellbore pressure being lower than formation pressure) during and/or post-perforation. Creation of an underbalance condition can be accomplished in a number of different ways, such as by use of a low pressure chamber that is opened to create a dynamic underbalance condition, the use of empty space in a perforating gun to draw pressure into the gun right after firing of shaped charges, and other techniques that can be applied before, during, or post-perforation. Such techniques are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,598,682, 6,732,798, 7,182,138, 6,550,538, 6,874,579, 6,554,081, 7,287,589, 7,284,612, 6,966,377, 7,121,340 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050167108 (all assigned to the present assignee and entirely incorporated herein by reference).
On application of an underbalance, the pore pressure surrounding the perforation tunnel drops (typically by several thousand psi) below the bubble point if the energized fluid contains gas in solution, thereby liberating free gas that rapidly expands in volume as the pressure falls. In aspects of the invention wherein the energized fluid is foam, its quality increases as the pressure falls, exhibiting a rapid increase in free-gas volume. In aspects wherein the energized fluid is a liquefied gas, the drop in pressure will again liberate a quantity of gas.
This rapid increase in free-gas volume serves two purposes. First, it breaks or weakens the bonding between the sand grains in the damaged zone surrounding the perforation tunnel and second, the release of the gas combined with the drop in wellbore pressure generates a flow of liquid and gas into the wellbore that serves to remove any failed material. The emergence and expansion of the gas in the energized fluid improves its performance, particularly its ability to carry away solids within the tunnels to clear pathways through which oil or gas can be produced. The net result is removal of the damaged material, leading ultimately to improved well productivity.
The energized fluid may be disposed into the reservoir before perforating the well (e.g., as part of the drilling fluid, before casing) or after perforating. In some aspects of the invention, injection of the energized fluid is performed by use of an applicator tool, described further below. A local dynamic underbalance condition can be created by use of a chamber containing a relatively low fluid pressure. For example, the chamber may be a sealed chamber containing a gas or other fluid at a lower pressure than the surrounding wellbore/formation environment. As a result, when the chamber is opened, a sudden surge of fluid flows into the lower pressure chamber to create the local low pressure condition in a wellbore region in communication with the opened chamber.
In some implementations, the chamber is a closed chamber that is defined in part by a closure member located below the surface of the well. In other words, the closed chamber does not extend all the way to the well surface. For example, the closure member may be a valve located downhole. Alternatively, the closure member may be a sealed container having ports that include elements that can be shattered by some mechanism (such as by the use of an explosive or some other mechanism). The closure member may comprise other types of devices in other implementations.
In one aspect of the invention, a sealed atmospheric container is lowered into the wellbore after a formation has been cased and perforated. After the energized fluid is disposed in the formation, openings are created (such as by use of explosives, valves, or other mechanisms) in the housing of the container to generate a sudden underbalance condition, causing gas liberation in the energized fluid and a fluid surge to remove damaged formation particles and debris from the perforation tunnels.
FIG. 2 shows a system 50 according to the invention. The system 50 includes various tools or apparatus, which are run to a desired depth in the wellbore 10 on a carrier line 54 (e.g., coiled tubing, wireline, slickline, etc.). In this aspect, the system 50 includes a perforating gun 56 that is operable to perforate though the casing 12 to create tunnels 18 in the formation 60 surrounding a wellbore region. The perforating gun 56 can be activated by various mechanisms, such as by a signal communicated over an electrical conductor, a fiber optic line, a hydraulic control line, or other types of channels as known in the art.
The system 50 further includes an applicator tool 62 for disposing the energized fluid into the formation 60. The applicator tool 62 may include a pressurized chamber 63 containing the energized fluid 65. Upon opening of a port 64, the pressurized energized fluid 65 in the chamber 63 is communicated into the wellbore 10 and surrounding formation 60. Alternatively, the applicator tool 62 may be in communication with a fluid conduit that extends to the well surface or another section in the wellbore above the system 50 (not shown). The energized fluid is then applied down the fluid conduit to the applicator tool 62 and through the port 64 to flow into the formation. The fluid conduit for the energized fluid can be extended through the carrier line 54. Alternatively, an energized fluid conduit may run external to the carrier line 54 (not shown).
In some aspects of the invention, the applicator tool 62 can be designed to provide more than one type of energized fluid to the formation. In one implementation, the applicator tool 62 can include multiple chambers for storing different types of energized fluids. Alternatively, multiple fluid conduits can be provided to dispose multiple types of energized fluids into the formation. In some aspects, the system 50 may include a time release mechanism 66 to control disposal of the energized fluid 65. With such implementations, the rate of dispensing the energized fluid may be selected to achieve optimal performance.
In the aspect shown in FIG. 2, a surge tool 52 is disposed in the wellbore 10 to create a local dynamic underbalance condition. The surge tool 52 includes one or more ports 53 that are selectively opened to enable communication with an inner, lower pressure chamber inside the surge tool 52. The ports 53 can be actuated open by use of a valve, an explosive, or some other mechanisms. Various mechanisms can be used to provide the low pressure in the chamber of the surge tool 52. For example, a tubing or control line can be used to establish the low pressure.
In another aspect of the invention, the dynamic underbalance can be generated during perforation. In such implementations, the energized fluid is disposed in the formation prior to perforation (e.g., prior to casing the well). The applicator tool 62 or another apparatus may be used to inject the energized fluid(s). After disposal of the energized fluid in the formation, the perforating gun 56 is fired to coincide substantially with activation of the surge tool 52 to create the local underbalance condition. This liberates gas in the energized fluid 65 in the wellbore 10 and formation tunnel 18, which rapidly expands in volume as the pressure falls, causing a flow of fluid and debris out of the perforation tunnels into the wellbore such that cleanup of the perforation tunnels is achieved. As with all implementations of the invention, further operations such as fracturing and/or gravel packing can then be performed as known in the art.
In another aspect of the invention, a chamber within the gun 56 can be used as a sink for wellbore fluids to generate the underbalance condition. Following charge combustion, hot detonation gas fills the internal chamber of the gun 56. If the resultant detonation gas pressure is less than the wellbore pressure, then the cooler wellbore fluids are sucked into the gun 56 housing. The rapid acceleration through perforation ports in the gun 56 housing breaks the fluid up into droplets and results in rapid cooling of the gas. Hence, rapid gun pressure loss and even more rapid wellbore fluid drainage occurs, which generates a drop in the wellbore (and therefore in the surrounding formation) pressure. The drop in wellbore pressure creates an underbalance condition, causing gas liberation in the energized fluid and fluid surge out of the perforation tunnels 18.
Various apparatus can be used to create the surge for generating the dynamic underbalance condition and for perforating the formations. Apparatus that can be used to implement aspects of the invention include the tools and systems described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,598,682, 6,732,798, 7,182,138, 6,550,538, 6,874,579, 6,554,081, 7,287,589, 7,284,612, 6,966,377, 7,121,340 and U.S. Patent Publication No. 20050167108. These tools/systems can be used to replace components and/or in combination with the components of the aspects disclosed herein.
FIG. 3 shows another system 70 of the invention including another aspect of a surge tool 52 comprising a sealed atmospheric container (or container having an inner pressure that is lower than an expected pressure in the wellbore in the interval of the formation) disposed in a wellbore 10 (which is lined with casing 12) and placed adjacent a perforated formation 60. The tool string is lowered on a carrier line 54 (e.g., wireline, slickline, coiled tubing, etc.). The surge tool 52 includes a chamber that is filled with a gas (e.g., air, nitrogen) or some other suitable fluid. The tool 52 has multiple ports 53 that can be selectively opened or exposed.
As shown in FIG. 4, the ports 53 may include openings that are plugged with sealing elements 61. An explosive, such as a detonating cord 67, is placed in the proximity of each of the ports 53. Activation of the detonating cord 67 causes the sealing elements 61 to shatter or break away from corresponding ports 53. Additional description of this system is found in U.S. Pat. No. 7,182,138, assigned to the present assignee.
In an aspect of the invention, after perforations 18 in the formation 60 have been formed and the energized fluid 65 has been disposed in the formation 60, the atmospheric chamber in the tool 52 is explosively opened to the wellbore. The sudden drop in pressure inside the wellbore 10 will liberate gas from the energized fluid 65 and cause fluid and gas from the perforated tunnels 18 to rush into the empty space left in the wellbore by the tool 52. This flow serves to remove any failed material, leaving clean formation tunnels 18. The energized fluid(s) can be disposed in the formation by any suitable means (such as the applicator tool 62 of FIG. 2) prior to opening of the atmospheric chamber of the tool 52. This implementation can be used with or without a perforating gun.
If used with a perforating gun, activation of the perforating gun may substantially coincide with opening of the ports 53. Such an implementation provides for underbalanced perforating. FIG. 5 shows another system 80 of the invention. This aspect includes another surge tool 52 comprising atmospheric containers in conjunction with a perforating gun 56. The tool 52 is divided into two portions, a first portion above the perforating gun 56 and a second portion below the perforating gun. The tool 52 containers include various ports 53 that are adapted to be opened by an explosive force, such as an explosive force due to initiation of a detonating cord 67 or detonation of explosives connected to the detonating cord. The detonating cord 67 is also connected to shaped charges 71 on the perforating gun 56. In one aspect, as illustrated, the perforating gun 56 can be a strip gun, in which capsule shaped charges 71 are mounted on a carrier 72. Additional description of these apparatus is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,682.
The dynamic underbalance fluid surge can be performed relatively soon after perforating. For example, the surge can be activated within about one minute after perforating. In other aspects, the underbalance condition can be performed within (less than or equal to) about 10 seconds, one second, or 100 milliseconds, as examples, after perforating. The relative timing between perforation and dynamic underbalance is also applicable to other aspects described herein.
The characteristics (including the timing relative to perforating) of the dynamic underbalance surge can be based on characteristics (e.g., wellbore diameter, formation pressure, hydrostatic pressure, formation permeability, etc.) of the wellbore section in which the local low pressure condition is to be generated. Generally, different types of wellbores have different characteristics. In addition to varying timing of the underbalance surge relative to perforation, the volume of the low pressure chamber(s) of the surge tools 52 and the rate of fluid flow into the chamber(s) can be controlled.
According to another aspect of the invention, an underbalance condition may be created by using a choke line and a kill line that are part of subsea well equipment in subsea wells. In this implementation, the choke line, which extends from the subsea well equipment to the sea surface, may be filled with a low density fluid, while the kill line, which also extends to the sea surface, may be filled with a heavy wellbore fluid. Once the perforation gun tool string is run into the wellbore, a blow-out preventer (BOP), which is part of the subsea well equipment, may be closed, followed by opening of the choke line below the BOP and the closing of the kill line below the BOP. Opening of the choke line and closing of the kill line causes a reduction in the hydrostatic head in the wellbore to create an underbalance condition, causing gas liberation in the energized fluid and fluid surge out of perforation tunnels created below the sea bed or mudline. Perforating may be performed prior to disposal of the energized fluid or underbalance as disclosed herein. Additional tools and systems that may be used to implement subsea aspects of the invention are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,598,682, assigned to the present assignee.
FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore according to the invention. In one aspect, a method 100 entails disposing an energized fluid in the formation using any technique or system as described herein at step 105. At step 110, the pressure in a region of the wellbore is reduced below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near a tunnel created in the formation. The wellbore pressure is manipulated using any technique as disclosed herein. This technique may be performed prior to casing the well or after casing and perforating, as disclosed herein.
FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of another method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore according to the invention. In one aspect, a method 200 entails disposing an energized fluid in the formation at step 205. Casing may also be disposed in the wellbore after disposal of the energized fluid, as disclosed herein. A tunnel is created in the formation at a region in the wellbore at step 210. The tunnel may be created using any technique as disclosed herein. If casing is used, the casing may be perforated using any techniques known in the art, as described herein. At step 215, the pressure in a region of the wellbore is reduced below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near the tunnel. The wellbore pressure is manipulated using any technique as disclosed herein.
FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of another method for use in a subsurface formation traversed by a wellbore according to the invention. In one aspect, a method 300 entails creating a tunnel in the formation at a region in the wellbore at step 305. The tunnel may be created using any technique as disclosed herein. If casing is used in the wellbore, the casing may be perforated using any techniques known in the art, as described herein. An energized fluid is disposed in the formation near the tunnel at step 310. At step 315, the pressure in a region of the wellbore is reduced below pressure in the surrounding formation to liberate a gas in the energized fluid near the tunnel. The wellbore pressure is manipulated using any technique as disclosed herein.
While the present disclosure describes specific aspects of the invention, numerous modifications and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art after studying the disclosure, including use of equivalent functional and/or structural substitutes for elements described herein. It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that the invention can be applied in principal to all types of wells (e.g., cased wells, uncased wells, etc.). It will also be appreciated that, in operation, aspects of the invention may be implemented with conventional components, instruments, and apparatus (e.g., packers, tubing, valves, metal and/or composite casings/liners, etc.) as known in the art and not shown herein for clarity of the disclosure. All similar variations apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
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Tesla CEO Elon Musk, SolarCity CEO Lyndon Rive and CPUC President Michael Peevey appeared together onstage at the packed California Public Utilities Commission Auditorium to discuss "Innovation and the Impact of Regulation."
Peevey led off by noting that his regulatory preference is "light-handed" and that regulation can act as a damper -- or as an "incentive and inspiration to innovation." As an example, he cited "loading order" as a simple innovation instituted on his watch that prioritized energy efficiency and renewables.
Musk saw the necessity of regulation in cases where the free market can't operate, such as the natural monopoly of a wire-operating electric utility. In the case of sustainable energy, "The right thing would not happen without the regulators," said Musk, adding that it is "difficult to resist the pressure of incumbent companies."
Rive formally announced that he had developed "a deep appreciation for the importance of regulation." He added, "Regulation has to address market failure, and climate change is a market failure." Rive praised California's Million Solar Roofs program, stating that it helped put the entire U.S. solar market "on the map" with "California leading the space."
Combine innovation with an end goal like "decarbonizing" the energy infrastructure, said Rive, and "allow innovation to occur to fix the problem." He also noted that his young distributed energy company will likely hire its 5,000th employee next Monday.
Musk hinted at the recently announced Giga factory when he asked the audience to consider a factory that simply relied on massive economies of scale to procure the nickel, cobalt and aluminum required to make the battery cell. With that, Musk claimed the ability to get to well below $100 per kilowatt-hour using the current lithium-ion formulation and technology (although higher-performance cells are in the works).
Peevey said, "I think we enabled storage," characterizing CPUC's recently enacted 1,300-megawatt storage mandate as "a perfect example of stimulating a new market."
Rive said that "innovation must not be constrained" and gave an example: customer interconnect for SolarCity's energy storage system takes an average of eight months, according to the CEO. And "hundreds" of SGIP program customers cannot connect, according to Rive.
Musk's reaction to news of this lengthy connection delay: "That's crazy."
Peavey was familiar with the utility industry's tendency toward delays, but said to take some comfort that "after today -- that wait will come down."
Lyndon Rive sees the next generation of challenges happening in the coming five to eight years and spoke of the necessity for utilities to "get on board" to create a collaborative business model.
Musk did give a positive review of the new Lego movie. But then he concluded, "If we don't have sustainable energy -- we're screwed."


MUMBAI: On the occasion of legendary actor Amitabh Bachchan's 76th birthday, Shemaroo Entertainment, a leading content powerhouse, brings the screening of cult movies like Shahenshah, Namak Halaal, Hera Pheri and Amar Akbar Anthony for the Bollywood movie buffs. As a part of Times Moviecon, the screening of Shahenshah will take place at Dublin Square, Phoenix Marketcity on October 12 from 6pm onwards. Fans of Namak Halaal, Hera Pheri and Amar Akbar Anthony will get a chance to witness the magic once again at Mulund and Andheri outlets of Carnival Cinemas in Mumbai and TGIP in Noida on 11th October at 7pm. Fans of Amitabh Bachchan can book their tickets on BookMyShow for a faster and hassle-free booking.
Shemaroo Times Moviecon festival will be a grand celebration of the actor's birthday as fans will also be able to indulge in several activities alongside the screening of Shaheshah movie. Shemaroo Entertainment boasts of a movie library of more than 3500 titles and is enabling the fans of Amitabh Bachchan to relive the golden era with screening of his cult movies. The company is proud to have the rights to a wide array of legendary actor Amitabh Bachchan's movies through which they can host these movie screenings for the fans of the legendary actor. As part of the actor's birthday celebrations, Shemaroo Entertainment, which lives and breathes Bollywood for more than five decades now will bring in these movies for the movie buffs and the actor's ever-growing fan base.


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text:
Category: French literature
Fictional Couples whose happiness won't make you want to be sick in a bucket
In hindsight, I think the main reason I didn't have any interest in reading as a teenager was that – in my experience anyway, a lot of books directed primarily towards adolescent girls, tended to have a strong sappy romantic sub-plot; and being the cold-hearted cynic that I was/am, I genuinely believed that it was impossible for a novel to have romantic themes and not be a complete load of dull shite.
And while yes, I still wouldn't be caught dead reading Romeo and Juliet (YOU'RE THIRTEEN, you will meet other people! A bit of get the fuck over it is in order), I'm proud to say that my palette has slightly widened over time. I won't automatically dismiss reading something anymore based purely on the knowledge that a loved-up couple will be featuring a lot in it.
Don't get me wrong, if a book isn't a little dark, I will probably lose interest, BUT I've learned not to be so narrow minded. Falling in love is a big theme, and of course not every single fictional representation of it, is doomed to feel simplistic and clique. So here are a few fictional couples whose stories have helped me broaden my horizons.
Robert and Maria (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1941)
This is such a beautiful book, seriously get on it.
Inspired by Hemingway's own experiences travelling across Spain, reporting on the Spanish Civil War; For Whom the Bell Tolls takes place over the course of four days, and tells the story of an American volunteer Robert Jordan, who must blow up a bridge of strategic importance behind enemy (Fascist) lines.
For the offensive attack to be successful, the bridge needs to be blown up at a minutely specific time; and the story begins with Robert meeting a small group of guerrilla fighters, living within the mountains, who have been assigned to help him.
This group includes Maria – who they found in a horrifically traumatised state and took in. The cruelty inflicted on her, following the Fascist takeover of her town, is still a very fresh wound – yet her gentle demeanour hasn't been poisoned. She and Robert are instantly drawn to each other and from the first night they are an item.
What's particularly poignant about their relationship, is that while it moves fast as a consequence of the immense instability surrounding them, it feels realistic because Robert is frequently ruminating whether his passion for Maria is genuine, or if his feelings have only been intensified by the knowledge he could easily die during this mission.
Although some contemporary criticisms feel that Maria's character is far too one-dimensional: factoring in its cultural/historical context, I'm not sure if that's a fair assessment. But I would've loved to have known more about Maria's personality outside of Robert.
Stephen and Mary (The Well of Loneliness, 1928)
As my previous blogpost on The Well of Loneliness, focused more on its obscenity trials rather than the book's actual story, I figure I could talk about it here without doubling up.
Now the reason you'll feel particularly invested in Stephen Gordon and Mary Llewellyn's happiness is because prior to meeting each other as ambulance drivers during World War I, the novel details all of Stephen's personal history.
Her incapacity, growing up, to comprehend her difference, her crippling loneliness, her unrequited obsession over a married neighbour, her mother's eventual disownment of her – all of these experiences, despite the long held criticism that this book hasn't aged well, have a deep, and timeless resonance. Plus, having a nuanced understanding of who Stephen is before she finds love, means as a reader you have a greater impression of how much Mary enriches her existence.
Another great quality of this class piece of literature is Hall's additional effort to highlight the strong class element that restricted the freedom of queer women during this time. In the story Mary and Stephen are close friends with another lesbian couple, Jamie and Barbara, whose choice to live as a couple has left them ostracised from their small village destitute and 'starvation poor'. As well as their influence on the overall plot progression, Jamie and Barbara's existence within the story is vital because it highlighted the freedom Stephen's wealth had given her.
Jean and Helene (The Blood of Others, 1945)
I was debating for a bit whether or not Jean and Helene belonged on this list, given technically it's really not a love story – more an exploration into personal responsibility and what we owe other people. But when I read it years ago, I remember it partially strengthening my own, very limited, understanding of why certain things had turned to shit. And that's pretty impressive from a book that's premise was completely unknown to me before starting it (my motives for reading it were basically – I wanted to read some Simone de Beauvoir and it was the thinnest book I could find).
Set within a German occupied France, and like For Whom the Bell Tolls, also inspired by Beauvior's own personal experience working for the French Resistance: The Blood of Others is the story of a brief affair relived through a succession of flashbacks, as the main protagonist, Jean, watches his former lover Helene, die of a gunshot wound (he wasn't the one who shot her by the way, it was a French Resistance related accident).
What's central to Jean and Helene's story is that Jean is never sure that he loves Helene, yet he tells her he loves her anyway because he is fascinated by how Helene's happiness becomes dependant on this imperfect understanding she has of him. In other words, it's the classic existentialist mind-fuck where it dawns on you that you can only know a person to an extent.
Nov 28, 2017 Apr 20, 2020
This is a bit of a generalisation, but I've started to notice that there's an extensive number of crappy parents in the classics, and I'm wondering what percentage of these are reflections of an author's own imperfect relationship with their parents.
After all many renowned literary figures had fractured relationships with one or more of their parents. Our gorgeous friend and raven lover, Edgar Allan Poe for instance, had a deeply strained relationship with his adoptive father John Allan, which once erupted into a two day argument.
Channelling anger – or any kind of hurt, into creating a beautiful piece of writing is known to be quite cathartic. Or once its done, if you're still mad, at the very least the person who's pissed you off probably got the passive-aggressive hint after reading your piece. I'm assuming for example that Sylvia Plath's dad and her husband, Ted Hughes, both got the very subtle message that there was a dash of hostility directed their way after reading the poem Daddy.
But while there are a lot of literary explorations of strained parental bonds, I want to talk about fictional characters who's children actually love and admire them. The one's who are strong role models, and who you hope you could emulate for your children.
Because the abundance of neglectful parents in literature, makes it even more touching when you find one that is hopeful and kind. So anyway here are three of my favourite father figures from fiction.
Atticus Finch (To Kill a Mockingbird,1960)
[If I didn't mention Atticus in this post that would be pretty sacrilegious.]
'The one thing that doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience.'
I probably will end up reading Go Set A Watchmen eventually, it's just that I'm apprehensive. I don't know if I could handle flawless Atticus suddenly being reduced to a senile bigot – his character deserved more than that, and more importantly Harper Lee deserved more than to have it published in the first place.
Its understandable why the 2015 release of Go Set a Watchman, the sequel of To Kill a Mockingbird, was met with extensive criticism. Setting aside the alleged manipulation of Harper Lee, Atticus Finch is arguably one of the most beloved and inspiring characters in 20th century century literature.
To have his character lose all the principles that made him a powerful symbol, contradicted the reasons why To Kill a Mockingbird still holds such reverence 57 years after its initial publication.
So on that note let's forget about Go Set a Watchmen here and focus specifically on the Atticus Finch of To Kill a Mockingbird.
Set in Maycomb, Alabama during the depression, Atticus is the sole parent of Scout and Jem, who humbly demonstrates throughout the novel, what it means to truly seek fairness and to abide by one's moral compass.
His children, quite rightly, idolise him as he exemplifies moral strength, both in his impossible role as defence attorney for a falsely accused black man, and in his general demeanour.
What's more his ability to drop pearls of wisdom that touch your soul, is second to none. That final moment of the book, where Scout is talking about finally meeting Boo and her surprise that he's friendly, and Atticus goes and drops this sweet exit line – 'Most people are Scout when you finally see them', is frankly getting me a little teary right now just thinking about it.
Hans Hubermann (The Book Thief, 2013) *spoilers
'Trust was accumulated quickly, due primarily to the brute strength of the man's gentleness'
Speaking of things which make me teary, the bond between Hans Hubermann and his foster daughter Liesel is one of the main reasons Markus Zusak's The Book Thief is one of my favourite books. Even death himself – who narrates the novel, is deeply touched by their relationship and considers Hans to have the best kind of soul.
Set in Germany under Nazi rule, Liesel is taken to live with Rosa and Hans Hubermann at the age of ten, as both of her parents are communists – a label she doesn't understand. The book is obviously centred around what's happening in Europe and Germany at that point in time, yet it's also a story of a girl developing a love for words – a love that's spurred by Hans, who teaches her how to read and doesn't crack it with her too much when she occasionally steals books.
They both just hold such a beautiful adoration for each other, and that bit at the end where Death tells us that the final thing Hans' soul whispered before he dies was 'Liesel' – I can't handle it.
Jean Valjean (Les Miserables, 1862)
'Poor sweet little creature whose heart had till that moment only ever been crushed.'
If you're up for a fun-fact, the year Victor Hugo starting writing Les Miserables was the same year Poe's The Raven was first published, 1845.
Anyway, just as in the musical adaption of Les Miserables, on the lam prisoner, Jean Valjean (who impressively managed to get his shit together and become a factory owner and the mayor of Montreuil-sur-mer before goody-two-shoes Javert had to spoil everything), rescues eight year old Cosette from her lonely and abusive existence living under the inn-keeping couple, the Thenardiers, after he makes a promise to her dying mother Fantine.
Now because the Thenardiers are campy and funny in the musical adaption, it does tend to kinda gloss over the fact that they really are the worst, and that Cosette has had a life of ongoing traumatic hardship up until Jean Valjean comes into her life.
Their bond is uniquely beautiful because both of them have had deeply lonely existences before finding each other. Plus its touching to read Cosette finally getting to have a parent who is filled with love for her.
Who's the Existentialist that's a sex machine to all the chicks? CAMUS! You're damn Right!
Jun 15, 2017 Apr 20, 2020
I haven't had a lot of sleep over the last two night as I've been watching quite a lot of old Twin Peaks episodes. And because I'm sleep deprived while simultaneously trying to follow this beautifully bizarre plot, it got me thinking about Camus' concept of 'absurdity' in comparison.
There's an automatic presumption around the word 'absurd', that it's a word used to describe that which is odd or strange. But for French-Algerian existentialist, Albert Camus (1913-1960), absurdity is found in the mundane and surrounds all aspects of our existence, 'the Absurd is not in man…nor in the world, but in their presence together'.
Camus dedicated threes texts to contemplating absurdity; which included a novel (The Outsider), an essay (The Myth of Sisyphus*) and a play (Caligula).
Of these, The Myth of Sisyphus (1942) is the more obvious exploration (which ironically makes it the text that is the harder to fully unpack) and through its attempt to understand the deeply complicated 'relationship between the absurd and suicide' it suggests that absurdity is our only absolute, and that seeking clarity or rationality in our existence is futile, 'the absurd becomes god…and that inability to understand becomes the existence that illuminates everything'.
Camus compares existence to the mythical tale of Sisyphus who was condemned by the gods to endlessly roll a stone up a hill only to have it continually roll back down.
Now initially this sounds really grim, but what makes this a surprisingly optimistic essay is Camus' contention that 'absence of hope (which is not the same as despair)' and acceptance of the absurd nature of everything, means life is more fully lived,
'Men who have given up all hope are endowed with a lucid indifference'
It's quite beautiful, the idea that life has meaning and is worth living precisely because it has no meaning and full clarity alludes us. There is meaning and depth in 'the world's lack of meaning'.
If you are going to try and read all of The Myth of Sisyphus though, be warned it is possibly more hard to follow than Twin Peaks.
[*which dead set I thought was pronounced 'syphilis' until I was recently corrected]
The Fouco-so Brother. Check it Out!
Aug 7, 2016 Apr 19, 2020
[I think my feature image may be the exact moment it dawned on Foucault that the baldness was not going to be a temporary thing. With his eyes he's saying goodbye to his once luscious locks.]
This week in honour of the turtle-neck sweater aficionado himself, I'm going to have a little ponder over Foucault's theory of micro-power: because it's quite fascinating and I'm in the mood get all confused and have a small existential crisis here in the library.
If you've ever taken history or philosophy units at uni, odds are Foucault has been mentioned. His work was predominately concerned with questioning the popular interpretation of historical events as orderly, and a progressive development towards greater rationality.
For Foucault, history is not linear, its an ongoing struggle for power between dominant groups. The theory of micro-power refers to how the power struggle of our time is expressed on and through our bodies.
According to Foucault, our body is the 'inscribed surface of events' (which sounds a bit like he secretly had a dolphin tramp-stamp that he did not regret #yolo). Power is always tied to the body, and shows itself through the way we intuitively act out our gender roles, class and culture: we are the embodiment of our historical period. In medieval times for example, power belonged to the King and if a subject broke the law, it was written on their body through torture.
Categories which we use to define ourselves are created by power structures in order to make distinctions between things. And even if you believe Foucault is being far too melodramatic here, and that we hold much more free-will over our bodies and personalities than his theory implied, it is still incredible/a bit of a mind fuck to think that this influence is so embedded that's its immeasurable.
Thank you Foucault, my brain hurts a lot now!
Monsieur Mabeuf
Jul 16, 2016 Apr 19, 2020
There is no judgement at all if you're not familiar with this character. Although Les Miserables is a beautiful book, its excruciatingly long. Seriously, if there's ever a robbery at my house, my copy of Les Miserables will be my weapon of choice! [If I threw it hard at somebody's face it's heavy enough that it could do damage, and it would have that element of surprise]
Anyway, although there's a lot of grim happenings in this novel (huge understatement) there's a character who only appears briefly that made me lose it the most.
Monsieur Mabeuf is a gentle old man who falls into destitution, and is a character who any book-crazed person can relate to. He is described as never leaving the house 'without a book under his arm and he often came home with two', and a bouquiniste or one who is devoted to old books.
When sales of his own published work, A Flora of the Environs of Cauteretz, cease, he is eventually forced to pawn his own collection of books one by one.
Mabeuf never had children, and his books are what he cherished the most. So to hear in detail Mabeuf's struggle each night to decide which book to pawn for money to buy dinner is heartbreaking, and made me want to give Mabeuf (and my own book shelf) a hug.
Finally, when his housekeeper needs medicine after falling ill, he is forced to sell his copy of a rare book called The Diogenes Laertius – a book which the thought of made him smile – and after this 'a sombre veil' came over the 'old man's candid face and it never lifted again'.
I can hugely relate to this sentimental worth Mabeuf's books hold. I mean yes, most of my books have suffered – they are torn and damaged, and if my backup plan for money was to pawn my books I'd be screwed, I'd be better off making a fort out of them – but I love them dearly.
Each reminds me what I was doing when I was reading them and of small moments of my life. They're precious to me and Mabeuf's buried away sub-plot makes me appreciate what a gift it is to be surrounded by a library you've made for yourself.


text: A landing page


text:
Cornell Resources
Main | Events | Resources | Press
Resources available in New York State
http://www.uspto.gov/inventors/state_resources/new_york.jsp
USPTO Patents Ombudsman Program
http://www.uspto.gov/patents/ombudsman.jsp
Inventors Resources on USPTO Internet site
http://www.uspto.gov/inventors/
http://business.usa.gov/
SelectUSA
http://selectusa.commerce.gov/
Protecting Intellectual Property Rights
http://www.StopFakes.gov
This page is owned by Office of the Under Secretary. Published on: Aug 22, 2013 04:30 PM EDT	Last Modified: Feb 19, 2014 02:43 PM EST


text:
Q: Make scrollbar track thicker than scrollbar thumb I saw many threads showing a thinner track than the scrollbar thumb but I want to make it in the complete opposite.
Scrollbar track thicker than the scrollbar thumb - is that possible ?

A:

::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 5px
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: #777
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: #555
}

.scroll {
    height: 15rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow-y: auto;
    width: 20rem;
    direction: rtl;
    /* or */
    direction: ltr;
}

test

test

test

test

test

test

test

test

test

test

A: For Chrome (no Firefox) You can set right/left border on the scrollbar thumb to the same color as the scrollbar itself:

.content
{
  --scrollbar-size: 30px;
  --scrollbar-color: #f8bbd0;
  --scrollbar-thumb-size: 15px;
  --scrollbar-thumb-color: #e91e63;
  height: 100px;
  width: 100px;
  background: #F5F5F5;
  overflow-y: scroll;
}

.overflow
{
  min-height: 450px;
}

.content::-webkit-scrollbar
{
  width: var(--scrollbar-size);
  background-color: var(--scrollbar-color)  ;
}

.content::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb
{
  border: calc((var(--scrollbar-size) - var(--scrollbar-thumb-size)) / 2) solid var(--scrollbar-color);
  background-color: var(--scrollbar-thumb-color);
  border-top: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

    some text

end

One limitation with this method: is not possible to make thumb with nice round corners.
Another solution would be creating your own custom scrollbar (there are plenty tutorials for that)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


is essential for particular modelling.
There are several ways to perform model selection.
the fit of a model on the reduced set of variables.
The second one is shrinkage, where we fit a model with all predictors.
we force the coefficients to move toward zero.
hence shrinkage can be viewed as a massive subset selection.
We do not cover shrinkage in this course.
the predictors into a lower dimension of subspace.
In this video, we focus on subset selection.
There are several method for model selection.
We briefly talk about a few of them.
we fit all combinations of the predictor variables and choose the best one.
there are many combinations to consider.
subset selection, we often end up with too many combination to examine.
which can be viewed as a heuristic method for best subset selection.
a time, which will significantly reduce the number of models we need to evaluate.
There are two variants of stepwise selection.
successively add variables, one at a time.
Backward stepwise selection is almost the reverse.
some other criteria to choose the best model in each step.
Now consider an example best subset selection using housing data.
In the original dataset, there are 9 predictor variables.
they are 2 to the 9th power which is 512 possible models.
let's consider only three predictor variables, SQFT, PARKING.TYPE, and BEDS.
There are a total of 2 to the 3rd power, which is 8 combinations to consider.
This table, these all combinations of particular variables.
the first one is a null model containing no variables.
the second column shows the sum of squared error on the validation data.
126 rows are in the validation data.
Sum of squared errors were varies considerably across different models.
BEDS gives the lowest sum of squared error.
Based on the cross-validation result, we choose this model as the best model.


text:
Corona-Related Changes: University Of Missouri Extension Suspends Face-To-Face Programming
The University of Missouri Extension in Ste. Genevieve has decided to follow the lead of the University of Missouri System and suspend all face-to-face programming through May 15.
This includes meetings, programs, events and 4-H club gatherings.
The University of Missouri Extension office in Ste. Genevieve County remains open but anyone who plans to come in is asked to call for an appointment.
In compliance with the current guidelines provided by the University of Missouri, we are implementing practices to limit exposure of our employees and patrons to the COVID-19 virus.
The office still is providing educational resources, and is happy to serve the needs of the community.
Contact the office at 573-883-3548 or by e-mail at stegenevievecounty@missouri.edu.
The release said that with the rapidly changing status of this disease, the Extension will maintain this status through mid-April. At that time, Extension staff will reassess the situation and determine the best course of action to keep everyone as safe as possible.
Starting on March 23, the Ste. Genevieve County Health Department will be close to "in facility" public services.
Staff will remain working to answer calls and continue working on the COVID-19 situation in the community.
Services may be provided on a priority bases in the car.
Call 573-883-7411 with any questions or to discuss services needed.
The Missouri Supreme Court ordered on March 16 that the courts shall remain open but suspend all in-person proceedings in all appellate and circuit courts — including all associate, family, juvenile, municipal and probate divisions. The suspensions were to last from March 17 through Friday, April 3, but could be extended.
The order listed multiple exceptions, including proceedings directly related to the COVID-19 public health emergency.
For information regarding court cases or an Order of Protection, call the Circuit Clerk's Office at 573-883-2705, the Prosecuting Attorney's Office at 573-883-2791 or the public defender at 573-218-7080.
For the Ste. Genevieve County Sheriff's Office (non-emergency), call 573-883-5589.
For all other matters related to county government and the courthouse, call 573-883-5589.
CITIZENS ELECTRIC
As the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) urge people to limit contact with one another, Citizens Electric Corporation's staff has decided to close the lobby of the Perryville office until further notice.
Payments and applications for service can be made via the drive-thru, and members are encouraged to use CEC Mobile, the app for Android and iOS, to make payments or report outages.
Members may also contact Citizens Electric by phone at 877-876-3511 or via email at citizens@cecmo.com.
Along with closing the lobby, Citizens Electric also is canceling Children's Safety Days in April. With more than 1,000 students participating. Safety Days is one of the largest events hosted by Citizens Electric.
MISSOURI STATE PARKS
Missouri State Parks will temporarily close visitor centers, park offices and site offices to walk-in foot traffic through April 30. The closures were effective as of March 20. This measure is to protect visitors and staff from coronavirus (COVID-19) concerns.
Missouri state parks remain open to the public including all day-use areas, lodging, campgrounds, boat ramps and trails. Missouri State Parks staff will be available on-site or by phone to answer questions. Signs posted on the door will direct visitors to restrooms and other services, and provide a phone number for visitors to contact staff.
Visitors are advised to take steps to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including limiting the number of people in groups and keeping a distance of six feet from other people, avoiding popular areas where people may congregate and avoiding larger groups in general, and packing extra soap or hand sanitizer since some locations may not have soap or sanitizer may not be available.