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Hike Description:
From the bulletin board in the center of the parking area, proceed ahead on the co-aligned Stony Brook Trail (brown) and the Tower Trail (green), which follow a woods road. In 300 feet, turn left at a signpost for the Swenson Trail. This red-blazed trail climbs gradually on a rocky woods road through an attractive mixed deciduous and evergreen forest. Upon reaching the top of a rise, it descends slightly and levels off, now passing through a largely deciduous forest, with an understory of mountain laurel and blueberry.
About a mile from the start, the trail crosses a stream on rocks, climbs briefly, and again levels off. Then, in another mile, you'll reach a T-intersection. Here, the yellow-blazed Tinsley Trail comes in from the right. You should turn left here, following both yellow and red blazes along a woods road that descends rather steeply. Watch carefully for a turn in only about 500 feet, where the red blazes leave to the right. Turn right here, and follow the red-blazed Swenson Trail as it descends on a very rocky footpath.
Soon, you'll reach a clearing with a cabin on the left. This is a good place to take a break (there is a picnic table alongside the cabin). When you're ready to continue, bear right and proceed ahead on the Swenson Trail, marked by a signpost beyond the cabin. The trail now once again follows a relatively level woods road - a welcome respite from the rocky footpath. In about half a mile, it crosses several branches of a stream on rocks.
Just beyond the last branch of the stream, you'll notice a sign marking the start of the Cartwright Trail (brown/red blazed). Turn right and follow this trail uphill. At first, it runs along a rocky area. Soon, the trail bears right onto a less eroded footpath. The trail in this area is not well defined, but it is reasonably well blazed. Watch carefully as the blazes bear left, briefly run alongside a stream, then turn left and cross the stream. The trail now levels off on a well-defined path, which soon widens to a woods road.
About a mile from its start, the Cartwright Trail crosses paved Sunrise Mountain Road and begins a steady climb. It comes out on an open conglomerate rock slab amid pitch pines, with views westward over the Delaware River valley and the Pocono Mountains. The grade now moderates somewhat, and after a brief level section, the Cartwright Trail ends at a junction with the Appalachian Trail (A.T.).
Turn right and follow the white-blazed A.T., which heads uphill on a wide, clearly defined path. Soon, you'll notice a parking area on the right side of the trail. A short distance beyond, a path to the right leads to the southern end of the parking area, and the A.T. climbs stone steps. At the top of the steps, a side trail leads left to a panoramic east-facing viewpoint over the Kittatinny Valley from a rock ledge. A bench has been placed here, making it a good spot to take a break.
A short distance ahead, the A.T. reaches a pavilion with stone columns, built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1937. Here, there are views both east and west, but the viewpoint you just passed offers a more pristine setting. The A.T. continues from the southeast corner of the pavilion and begins to descend. After a short level stretch, the trail climbs over a rise and descends to an area with low vegetation, with scrub oak and mountain laurel predominating.
Soon, the A.T. comes out onto a grassy clearing, where the yellow-blazed Tinsley Trail leaves to the right. You should continue ahead on the A.T., which climbs steadily for the next 0.1 mile. At the top of the climb, amid a cluster of pines, a short side trail to the right leads to a viewpoint from a rock ledge over the Pocono Mountains to the west.
For the next mile or so, the A.T. follows a rather level footpath along the west side of the ridge, traversing a deciduous forest with an understory of mountain laurel and blueberry. After passing a large vernal pool to the left, the trail crosses a wet area on puncheons (bog bridging) and reaches a junction with the brown-blazed Stony Brook Trail and with a short blue-blazed trail that leads to the Gren Anderson Shelter. Continue ahead on the A.T., which crosses Stony Brook in another 500 feet. After another level stretch, the trail begins to climb, and about a mile from Stony Brook, it reaches a junction with the dark-green-blazed Tower Trail at a west-facing viewpoint studded with pitch pines.
The Tower Trail will be your return route, but you may wish to proceed ahead a short distance on the A.T. to the Culver Fire Tower, which may be open to the public when a fire observer is present. There are panoramic views from the top of the tower, but excellent views can also be obtained from its base, where there is a large picnic table. After enjoying the views, return to the Tower Trail and follow it down the mountain, back to the parking area where you started the hike. The first part of the descent is rather steep, but the grade soon moderates. On the way, you'll cross Sunrise Mountain Road. After a mile and a half, the trail crosses Stony Brook and turns left on a woods road. Make sure to follow the main woods road and the dark green blazes where the road makes a sharp turn to the right after 0.2 mile.
Publication: Submitted by Daniel Chazin on 08/28/2003 updated/verified on 09/01/2016
Kittatinny Ridge and Appalachian Trail in Stokes State...
Stokes State Forest
This loop hike follows a woods road through an attractive forest, climbs to the Kittatinny Ridge, and proceeds south on the Appalachian Trail along the ridge, with many fine views.
41.18574, -74.795491
From the bulletin board in the center of the parking area, proceed ahead on the co-aligned Stony Brook Trail (brown) and the Tower Trail (green), which follow a woods road. In 300 feet, turn left at a signpost for the Swenson Trail. This red-blazed trail climbs gradually on a rocky woods road through an attractive mixed deciduous and evergreen forest. Upon reaching the top of a rise, it...
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Prepare For Your Hike
Web Map: Stokes State Forest Map
Buy Book: Kittatinny Trails Book
Buy Map: Kittatinny Trails Map
Avenza App Map: Kittatinny 122
Hike Checklist
Hike Checklist:
Whether you are going for a day hike or backpacking overnight, it is good practice to carry what we call The Hiking Essentials. These essentials will help you enjoy your outing more and will provide basic safety gear if needed. There may also be more essentials, depending on the season and your needs.
Hiking Shoes or Boots
Water - Two quarts per person is recommended in every season. Keep in mind that fluid loss is heightened in winter as well as summer. Don't put yourself in the position of having to end your hike early because you have run out of water.
Map - Know where you are and where you are going. Many of our hiking areas feature interconnecting network of trails. Use a waterproof/tear-resistant Tyvek Trail Conference map if available or enclose your map in a Ziplock plastic bag. If you have a mobile device, download Avenza's free PDF Maps app and grab some GPS-enhanced Trail Conference maps (a backup Tyvek or paper version of the map is good to have just in case your batteries die or you don't have service). Check out some map-reading basics here.
Food - Snacks/lunch will keep you going as you burn energy walking or climbing. Nuts, seeds, and chocolate are favorites on the trail.
Sunscreen and insect repellent
Rain Gear and Extra Clothing - Rain happens. So does cold. Be prepared for changing weather. Avoid cotton--it traps water against your skin and is slow to dry. If you are wearing wet cotton and must return to your starting point, you risk getting chills that may lead to a dangerous hypothermia. Choose synthetic shirts, sweaters and/or vests and dress in layers for easy on and off.
Compass - A simple compass is all you need to orient you and your map to magnetic north.
Light - A flashlight or small, lightweight headlamp will be welcome gear if you find yourself still on the trail when darkness falls. Check the batteries before you start out and have extras in your pack.
First Aid Kit - Keep it simple, compact, and weatherproof. Know how to use the basic components.
Firestarter and Matches - In an emergency, you may need to keep yourself or someone else warm until help arrives. A firestarter (this could be as simple as leftover birthday candles that are kept inside a waterproof container) and matches (again, make sure to keep them in a waterproof container) could save a life.
Knife or Multi-tool - You may need to cut a piece of moleskin to put over a blister, repair a piece of broken equipment, or solve some other unexpected problem.
Emergency Numbers - Know the emergency numbers for the area you're going to and realize that in many locations--especially mountainous ones, your phone will not get reception.
Common Sense - Pay attention to your environment, your energy, and the condition of your companions. Has the weather turned rainy? Is daylight fading? Did you drink all your water? Did your companion fail to bring rain gear? Are you getting tired? Keep in mind that until you turn around you are (typically) only half-way to completing your hike--you must still get back to where you started from! (Exceptions are loop hikes.)
Check the weather forecast before you head out. Know the rules and regulations of the area.
The Leave No Trace Seven Principles
Plan Ahead and Prepare
Know the regulations and special concerns for the area you'll visit.
Prepare for extreme weather, hazards, and emergencies.
Schedule your trip to avoid times of high use.
Visit in small groups when possible. Consider splitting larger groups into smaller groups.
Repackage food to minimize waste.
Use a map and compass to eliminate the use of marking paint, rock cairns or flagging.
Travel and Camp on Durable Surfaces
Durable surfaces include established trails and campsites, rock, gravel, dry grasses or snow.
Protect riparian areas by camping at least 200 feet from lakes and streams.
Good campsites are found, not made. Altering a site is not necessary.
In popular areas:
Concentrate use on existing trails and campsites.
Walk single file in the middle of the trail, even when wet or muddy.
Keep campsites small. Focus activity in areas where vegetation is absent.
In pristine areas:
Disperse use to prevent the creation of campsites and trails.
Avoid places where impacts are just beginning.
Dispose of Waste Properly
Pack it in, pack it out. Inspect your campsite and rest areas for trash or spilled foods. Pack out all trash, leftover food and litter.
Deposit solid human waste in catholes dug 6 to 8 inches deep, at least 200 feet from water, camp and trails. Cover and disguise the cathole when finished.
Pack out toilet paper and hygiene products.
To wash yourself or your dishes, carry water 200 feet away from streams or lakes and use small amounts of biodegradable soap. Scatter strained dishwater.
Leave What You Find
Preserve the past: examine, but do not touch cultural or historic structures and artifacts.
Leave rocks, plants and other natural objects as you find them.
Avoid introducing or transporting non-native species.
Do not build structures, furniture, or dig trenches.
Minimize Campfire Impacts
Campfires can cause lasting impacts to the backcountry. Use a lightweight stove for cooking and enjoy a candle lantern for light.
Where fires are permitted, use established fire rings, fire pans, or mound fires.
Keep fires small. Only use sticks from the ground that can be broken by hand.
Burn all wood and coals to ash, put out campfires completely, then scatter cool ashes.
Respect Wildlife
Observe wildlife from a distance. Do not follow or approach them.
Never feed animals. Feeding wildlife damages their health, alters natural behaviors, and exposes them to predators and other dangers.
Protect wildlife and your food by storing rations and trash securely.
Control pets at all times, or leave them at home.
Avoid wildlife during sensitive times: mating, nesting, raising young, or winter.
Be Considerate of Other Visitors
Respect other visitors and protect the quality of their experience.
Be courteous. Yield to other users on the trail.
Step to the downhill side of the trail when encountering pack stock.
Take breaks and camp away from trails and other visitors.
Let nature's sounds prevail. Avoid loud voices and noises.
The Trail Conference is a 2015 Leave No Trace partner.
(c) Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics: www.LNT.org.
Directions to Trailhead
Directions to Trailhead :
Take Interstate Route 80 to Exit 34B and continue north on NJ 15 for about 17 miles. When NJ 15 ends, continue ahead on US 206 North for 6.5 miles, and turn right at a sign for Stokes State Forest. After passing the park office (where a park map may be obtained), you'll reach a kiosk where a seasonal parking fee is charged ($5 weekdays, $10 weekends). Continue ahead on the main park road for 1.8 miles, following signs to the Stony Lake day-use area. When you reach a T-intersection, turn right, and continue ahead for another 0.2 mile to the parking area at Stony Lake.
TRAIN TRANSPORT :
BUS TRANSPORT :
Give $10 to support trails.
Trail Conference volunteers maintain trails in this hike.
Great hike, great directions
Hiked on 2017-06-10 following Daniel's excellent (accurate, helpful) directions. Park staff was friendly. Trails, blazes are all well-maintained. Recommend visiting the fire tower. Watch out for ticks.
friedman.samuel
Hike description has been updated
Thank you very much for posting your comment. I have just updated the hike description to include the new blue-on-white-blazed Blue Mountain Loop Trail, which was blazed in 2015. As for the Trail Conference map, we are about to come out with a new edition of our Kittatinny Trails map set that corrects the various errors that you mention.
Daniel Chazin
variety is the spice of the hike
Did the hike today (8/31/16). If you're looking for a hike with variety, this is for you! The part north of Sunrise Mtn Road is quite level, leaving you with a peaceful walk through a pleasant woods landscape. Going up the the ridge on the Cartwright Trail is what I would call a moderate climb. (The westward views on this section, indicated on the NY/NJ Trail Conference map 122, are pretty blah.) Note that the initial part of the hike (Swenson, and then Cartwright Trails) are now co-aligned with the Blue Mountain Loop. Not mentioned in Mr. Chazin's excellent writeup, is that the Blue Mountain Loop doesn't (or at least no longer) goes all the way up to meet the AT. At N 41º13'24.4" W 074º43'03.8", there is an intersection, with the blue-blazed Blue Mountain Loop going left to ???. You stay straight on the Cartwright Trail, which now has its brown-red blazes combined with blue blazes with the black dot in the center. The AT section is mostly quite level. The viewpoint to the SE (incorrectly indicated on the Trail Conference map; it's really about 0.07 miles further SW than the map shows it) is really quite stupendous. As Mr. Chazin points out, the viewpoint from the CCC pavilion is not as good. The view from the tower near the intersection of the AT and the Tower Trail is probably quite spectacular during the autumn. As indicated in the writeup, the first 0.2 miles of the descent on the Tower Trail is quite steep (with several rock-scamble sections), so take it slow. A final note: As you approach Stony Lake on the Tower Trail, there appears to be a mistake on the Trail Conference map (2012 edition), which shows 2 parallel trails after the sharp left turn at N41º12'14.3" W074º45'56.3", whereas, in reality, both the Tower (G) and Stony Brook Trail (Br) are co-aligned on the more southerly of the 2 trails shown on the map.
KellnerB


Wait what's so fair about having a collector's card. It's not a privlege, it's to cycle out older cards, to powerful cards or perhaps even cards that just weren't used to add interest. Newer clans shouldn't have collectors as it makes little sense, they haven't even gotten to circulate. I somehow wouldn't be suprised if you wanted that to happen since you have all the nightmare cards and are looking to make some big sells. I believe let the staff decide when and if a card should go collector, not just force every clan to have a collector as that makes them all uniform in that respect.
Your just mad because you only have 26 cards.
And what does that matter about collectors? My amount of cards and seeing collectors being made just to make them don't have anything to do with each other. I just don't see the point of making all the clans have a collector right away especially allstars which isn't even finished. As if they already had a collector said collector would be rarely seen or used, taking away from the game.
I am sure it will eventually have one just Nightmare is one of the newer clans. Sentinel and Geist are just getting their first collectors now. Nightmare will likely get one someday just be patient. While in my opinion more collector cards are not really needed as it limits the use the card will get I am sure eventually all clans will have one or two.


The right mistress...but the wrong bride! Lindy was amazed when shipping tycoon Atreus Dionides made her his mistress. Her – with her fuller figure and lowly lifestyle, making candles and pot-pourri! However, Atreus seemed enchanted by her curves when he made passionate love to her at his country retreat. But Lindy came down to earth with two bumps – first when Atreus revealed she was just his weekend mistress; his bride would be selected from the upper echelons of Greek society. The second bump she wouldn't be able to hide...because she was carrying Atreus's baby! Pregnant Brides Inexperienced and expecting, they're forced to marry!


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← Hawks hiding among doves
The Third World War →
Urbanization and Human Development in Kabul
Posted on November 7, 2007 by PietroDecember 30, 2014
Presented at the Center for Policy and Human Development, Kabul University, 07 November 2007
Thank you doctor Wardak for giving me the chance to explore the idea of urbanization and human development in Kabul. First I need to explain my overall situation and my specific purpose here today. I am a doctoral student in City and Regional Planning at U.C. Berkeley. Four years ago I volunteered here in the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing. I coordinated a city-wide survey of housing and demographic conditions, and worked with the Department of Construction to identify sections of the International Building Code that should be translated for consideration as part of the new Afghan Building Code. I only worked here for five weeks, but I intended to stay on for a year to pilot a neighborhood-upgrading project in Qala-e Zaman Khan and Deh Khuda-e Dad on the north slope of Tapa-e Maranjan. A change of ministers prevented that, so I sought other ways to get back here, on terms that I considered ethical. Once the offer from the Ministry fell through, I started the PhD program to gain access to academic funding, and to give me a chance to learn more and prepare for work here. As it turns out, few American organizations are willing to fund advanced research in Afghanistan. This is unfortunate because, on the conservative side, the United States has a strategic interest in understanding Afghanistan. For academics, Afghanistan is also exceptionally important because of the rapid changes taking place here now. If we want to understand the modern world, we need to study the places where modernity is emerging. Right now that is Afghanistan.
This trouble with funding ended up being a blessing. The World Bank Institute agreed to pay me to teach at Kabul University, which placed me in an excellent position for meeting with Afghans and internationals across Kabul. This also means that I could fulfill my first intention, which was to use my dissertation research time as a pretext for doing long-term capacity-building work here. Hopefully my research has benefited from being actively engaged in work here at the same time. Furthermore, the World Bank took great pains to free me from security restrictions for this work. The Aga Khan Trust for Culture graciously agreed to work with the Bank and hire me as a consultant to teach here. Since I am not a direct employee of either organization, I am free to explore the city on foot, on a bicycle, in a shared taxi or Tunis, or on the fabulous Mille Buses. Even among foreigners here I feel that I am especially privileged for where I can go and what I can see. I am thankful to the World Bank Institute and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture for that. I am also thankful to the al-Falah Foundation and the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Berkeley for providing the only unrestricted research funding that was available to me.
From this rare position of independence, I am also free to express the shame that so many Americans feel about our failure, the failure of our government to follow up on a promise to help this country. A lot of good work has been done by the numerous agencies here, but that has been insufficient against fundamental political errors my government has made. I apologize to Afghans for this failure. This apology is part of my obligation as an American citizen. We must speak out, especially against our own government, when it is violating the fundamental rights and laws of our country. To keep our rights, Americans must always be ready to take risks to protect those rights, and to protect rule of law wherever we are. What you hear now is an active defense of the US Constitution. Our Constitution declares universal rights, not limited to our country, nor is it limited to American citizens. We are obligated to honor your laws and principles not only because we are guests here, but because that is one of the fundamental principles of American citizenship. Afghans have the right to challenge us for any violations of our own laws, and our response will show whether we have the courage to be citizens or the cowardice to be slaves of a new empire. At the very least, Afghans should require Americans to obey traffic laws in this city, which includes displaying license plates on our vehicles, and keeping public rights-of-way clear, including all roadways and sidewalks. Right of way is freedom of movement. This is true in both Afghan and American law, and it is the fundamental basis for civil assembly and protest, as well as for commerce. Any violation the freedom to move and gather, any blockage of public space should be temporary. I have no right to speak about the Afghan version of temporary, but I can say to the Americans that five years is not temporary. Some people think the obvious retort to this is �security requirements�. I have been traveling across this entire city for the last six months, from Qassaba to Darul Aman and Dasht-e Barchi to Arzan Qimat. Those of you who have ridden in a taxi with me know that whenever the driver asks where I am from, I always say that I am an American. During the last six months there have been three major bombings against Afghan police and military and multiple suicide attacks against foreign forces. The state is under attack. But what is being attacked? Good governance or impunity? If aid becomes militarized, if diplomacy becomes militarized, then these also become targets. I know the security industry here will try to argue their point of view. But remember that they get paid up to $2000 per bodyguard per day. They have an armor-vested interest in keeping you frightened. But the major danger you face on a daily basis is traffic accidents, and aggressive driving exacerbates that. So please dust off those seatbelts and wear them. This is much less romantic than the self-perpetuating idea that we are all having an exotic adventure because we are in danger as a targets. We make ourselves into targets with our behavior here. The point is to help our fellow human beings in a country that continues to suffer from twenty-nine years of war and counting. We should be spending aid money on a nationwide universal literacy program, not guards. I suspect that we could pay a lot of Afghan teachers� salaries with the price of one personal bodyguard. We could even pay many Afghan police officers, who perform a public service of real value.
Note that Rama Mani articulated many of these ideas four years ago in her AREU paper entitled Ending Impunity and Building Justice. This Center also challenged the still-prevalent ideology of security, with the alternative concept of Human Security in the first Afghanistan Human Development Report three years ago. As this center has argued, concepts do matter, because our choices and our actions are driven by the way we see the world. Every conceptual framework is like a lens, and different lenses reveal or obscure what we see and understand. So what I would like to focus on now is the way we see urbanization in Afghanistan through the lens of Human Development.
The Human Development Lens
Since we are in the Center for Policy and Human Development, a key site in the production of the UN Development Programme�s Afghanistan Human Development reports, I expect all of us here are familiar with the concept of Human Development. What Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen intended was to develop better measures of this poorly-defined but widely-felt process of �development�. The definition of development continues to be contested, but there is now at least a worldwide consensus that is means more than just national economic growth. In extreme cases like Nigeria or the Congo, an economy can grow with such unequal distribution of wealth that living conditions for a large part of the population are actually worsening even as the national income increases. Beyond strict material considerations, there are also questions about the dignity of living conditions; the fear and uncertainty that people experience; relations within the society; and relations between the society and the state.
When the UNDP team introduced the Human Development Index in the first Human Development Report in 1990, they described it as a work in progress. Literacy, life-expectancy, and purchasing-power income were the three indicators used. Ul Haq and Sen chose these three indicators partly because each one captures a very different aspect of development, and partly because data on these indicators was available in most countries and could be compared. Even with the limitations of this first version of the Index, it brought about a revolution in thinking about development. As Amartya Sen has argued, we are now returning to an earlier understanding: of economics and politics as an integrated whole in the development process. Unlike nineteenth century economists and conservative twentieth-century economists, scholars of development conceive of political economy much more like eighteenth-century philosophers of the Enlightenment era. That was a time of political and economic turmoil as well, and the institutions which those philosophers designed were largely responsible for the Industrial Revolution that began in the West in 1789. That Industrial Revolution caused massive urban growth, the urbanization of whole societies during the nineteenth century. After the Second World War, the United States felt that the best long term defense against communist expansion was to promote decolonization and to help newly-independent countries develop. They had just rebuilt the US economy with a massive development project called the New Deal, and during his inauguration speech, Truman announced that he wanted to extend that New Deal as a Fair Deal to develop the economies of other countries. This was the key to building lasting peace.
However, no one had articulated a clear concept of development, nor how different aspects of development mattered more or less in different countries. Actually, Afghan planners understood better than most, because Afghanistan had been actively engaged in development since it gained full independence from Western interference in 1919. The Second Five Year Development Plan, published in 1963, begins with this description of development:
Deliberate development as a conscious goal of State policy is not new to Afghanistan. Systematic attempts were made in the late nineteen-twenties to open up communications, develop industry, spread education and introduce administrative and social reforms. (Haq 1963:1)
Several pages later, the authors of this Plan describe value of human investment in terms that are a precursor of the Human Development framework developed by other South Asians. I quote again:
Another characteristic feature of planning in Afghanistan is the relative absence of conflict between �productive� investment and investment in �human capital�. An important factor which has retarded development in the past and is proving a serious bottleneck today, is the acute paucity of professional and technical skills at all levels; experience has proved that development of human resources has to keep pace with, and in the case of certain crucial sectors to be ahead of, investment in material resources. Education and training are therefore and integral part of practically every single project or programme included in the Second Plan (Haq 1963:3).
Consistent with that Plan, the government of Afghanistan invested heavily in the development of this university, and the creation of the Polytechnic. I recommend that you all read the Second and Third National Development Plans. Foreigners and Afghans alike need to understand the longer history of development thought and implementation that has existed here. Both Sardar Daoud and Zahir Shah understood the need for a developmental state actively participating in the industrialization and broader development of Afghan society. Once the basic human and physical infrastructure was in place, perhaps it would have been possible to shift to a market-led economic growth policy. But that state-led development project was interrupted, and much of the infrastructure�from roads to literacy rates�was undone after 1978.
To analyze the choices ahead, it is helpful to now add in a key contribution of the Human Development framework. In this framework, all the people in the society are seen as both objects of development and as agents of development. Through this we understand that the role of the state is not just to serve the people, not just to give them water, and electricity, and education, and health care, and law enforcement. Such a view is not only paternalistic, but it also assumes that the people are passive recipients of government service. It ignores the whole other side: that good law enforcement makes business activities safe; that education makes a workforce more skilled and valuable; that better healthcare makes them more productive and less expensive. It ignores the fact that the whole population can pay tax to the state�even at very low levels. And when the population pays tax to the state, that makes the state even more accountable than voting does. People only vote once every few years. It is a clumsy instrument for maintaining accountability. But if they are giving money to the state according to their abilities, they will also demand accountability and transparency on a much more continuous basis. Once we understand the whole population to be both objects and agents of development, we have the two ingredients necessary to understand healthy state-society relations. Yes, the state should provide public goods that cannot be delivered effectively or fairly through private means. We can disagree on the finer points of where and how to draw the line between private and public. But the Human Development framework makes it very clear that the people of Afghanistan have to be actively engaged in the development process in a reciprocal, accountable, transparent manner.
Here is a specific example. I have asked respected Afghans to write position papers about the threat of earthquakes in Kabul. You all know that several hundred thousand Afghans live on the mountains of central Kabul. You all know that their houses are made of unreinforced clay-brick, with heavy rooves made of logs and sand and clay. Most of you also know that Kabul has the same type of earthquakes as Iran and Pakistan. They are not frequent, but they are severe. Given what happened in Bam in 2004, and Muzaffarabad in 2006, you should also know that a similar earthquake in Kabul will probably kill more than one hundred thousand people immediately, and the survival of thousands more will depend on immediate and effective government response in the hours and days after the quake. You also know that there is no way to remove those thousands of families from the hills, because they are there for a very good reason; and they know these risks perfectly well. They are there for access to urban resources: for access to education, health care, and job opportunities. They are there to improve exactly the measures described in the Human Development Index. Now, given that they will remain there, preparation for disaster response will take at least several years. It will require major community cooperation, to count exactly who is there and to organize them into rapid-response networks to give accurate information to the police and other authorities the moment a disaster strikes. In other words, the state must acknowledge their agency and develop a cooperative relationship with thousands of families to improve its own responsiveness and effectiveness. I do not know when this process will begin. Several of the people whom I asked refused to write such papers because they feared that an authoritative public acknowledgement of this danger would cause a public panic. Furthermore, it would obligate the government to do some major preparation, and make the Afghan state accountable if it failed to at least try to prepare. If we assume that those people are only passive and ignorant, and that the government must spend hundreds of millions to either stabilize their houses or relocate them, we are ignoring their role as agents of development and seriously underestimating both their intelligence and their capabilities. After this talk, walk up to any of these hillside settlements and ask the people there. They know that they are balancing their risks and opportunities on the edge of a knife. They understand. But do we understand their choices and their tremendous potential?
Contradictory Urbanization Policies
In my third and closing argument, I want to examine urbanization policy in Kabul more broadly, through the Human Development framework.
First of all, what is urbanization? We see more and larger buildings being built. We see traffic and population increase. We sense more demand for urban services like canalization, electricity and water. But these are the symptoms of urbanization, not the underlying process. What drives these apparent changes? Development economists describe urbanization as a shift in livelihoods together with a shift in space by households. This is a partial definition, but it is critically important. Households choose where to live based on a combination of factors, including opportunities for income, access to health care, personal safety, and access to education. This last factor may be the most important for us here. Afghans struggling to afford a place in Kabul are committed to intergenerational human investment. They want their children to be educated. They want their children to be literate, and numerate, and they want their children to be part of social networks that give them maximum access to all types of resources in the future. Collectively, the parents of Kabul are doing more to raise the Human Development Index of Afghans than all the government and foreign agencies combined. They know that the best teachers and doctors will not go to the provinces. Would you? Would any of you?
Here the Human Development framework shows its roots in the Liberal political economics of Adam Smith. We have to examine the choices of households; we must think about their preferences, in exactly the same way we think about our own. This does not mean that we should be purely reactive or empirical. Planners believe strongly in being proactive. But the Human Development framework is based on the assumption that households make rational, informed choices about where and how they live. We cannot ignore the collective judgment of three million people who have moved to Kabul in the last six years.
I mentioned that four years ago I coordinated a city-wide survey of households for the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing. In that survey we asked about household and family structure. Notice that the two are very different. We also asked why households moved to Kabul, and under what conditions they would move back to the provinces. From this survey I learned several things. One is what Afghans already know: that Afghan families are extremely extended, so any household is just one small branch of a larger family network which may include construction workers in Dubai as well as apple farmers in Wardak. Afghan families try to spread their risks both regionally and internationally as much as possible. This is rational. At that time, many urban households were receiving money from their rural relatives, until they could build the contacts to get jobs. So at the grassroots level, extended Afghan families were subsidizing the urbanization of thousands of households. Furthermore, it was clear that these households were very well informed of their choices. Since poor households in Kabul can and do move frequently within the city, this is not a case of ill-informed households making a mistake and then ending up trapped in Kabul while livelihoods are better in the provinces.
The government and international agencies, on the other hand, have made an aesthetic judgment that Kabul is �too big� and �too crowded�. Compared to what? Several weeks ago I visited Delhi, which is a wonderful city. It also has serious problems with traffic, poverty, and some crowded housing. The planners there estimate that the total metropolitan area of Delhi includes 35 million people. Planners at my university who work in China estimate that the metropolitan region of Shanghai now exceeds ninety million people. I do not think that Afghanistan can or should follow the same development path as China, but I do question a set of national development strategies that rely on un-researched assumptions that a city is �too crowded� or �too big�. Too big for whom? For people who are already long-established in Kabul and want to deny the same urban benefits to newcomers?
I raise these questions because there is a contradiction in urbanization policies in Afghanistan. On the one hand, this is the most centralized state in the world, according to analysts of the 2004 Constitution. Just for comparison, every American city elects its own council and mayor, and many raise their own taxes and sell bonds to build infrastructure. They all determine their own land uses and economic development policies. In Afghanistan, almost all power is at the center. It is difficult to make any sort of professional career outside the capital. By choosing a highly centralized government structure, Afghans have committed themselves to monopole urban development, like Paris in France, Cairo in Egypt, Bangkok in Thailand, and Jakarta in Indonesia. I am not advocating political decentralization, because centralized states can develop very well. I am just pointing out what poor households here already know: that to make it in Afghanistan you should probably move to Kabul. This means that the growth rate of Kabul�not just the absolute scale of growth�is likely to outpace the growth rate of other Afghan cities so long as the state remains so centralized.
Against this implicit policy, there is an explicit policy of �deconcentration.� This policy is expressed most clearly by the Ministry of Refugees and Repatriation, who provide land and benefits to returning refugees only in their home provinces. UNHCR has respectfully followed this policy without questioning it, as far as I know. In general, I think deference to Afghan government policy is a good thing. Many donor policies compromise the sovereignty of this government by pushing Afghans in directions other than what they would choose. But in this case I question deconcentration policy because it contradicts a fundamental policy decision which Afghans have already made. A huge fraction of the money and political will in Afghanistan over the last five years has been put into rebuilding the rural sector. Compare the budgets of the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development with the Ministry of Urban Development. Compare the National Solidarity Programme with the lack of political will to solve disagreements between the Urban Ministry and Kabul Municipality. While these two agencies have been left to fight over the last five years, almost all the urban growth of Kabul has been unregulated. I came back to find the hills of Khair Khana completely built over, including rapid growth into the Shomali Plain. District 13 has doubled in size, with only one public road being improved. During a similar land rush in San Francisco in 1850, the city council extended straight streets in every direction from the downtown. It was the most equitable solution, and the only solution that could keep up with the urban growth caused by the California Gold Rush. One hundred and fifty years later, those streets are wide enough to handle cars and modern infrastructure. The same could have been done here, and the same can be done now for future growth of Kabul. Despite the desire of the policymakers in Kabul today, this city will have more than eight million people in the next ten years. Rather than assuming that is a disaster, I wonder: what if all the resources that had been put into an anti-urban policy had been put into a pro-urban policy over the last six years? What if future policy acknowledges the collective wisdom of millions of Afghans and shifts towards industrialization, the development of urban infrastructure, and a reciprocal relationship of broad, progressive taxation that obligates the government to be answerable to the population? Kabul will reach a population of eight to ten million sooner, but what else would be different?
The Human Development framework reminds us that people are not just objects of development, but also agents of development. In urban terms, I like to think of this as Minds and Hands, not just Mouths and Bowels. Afghans are a remarkably industrious and inventive people. I experienced this the first time I walked down a street in Kabul four years ago. Within minutes I realized that I could commission any sort of metal structure I wanted, and it would be custom-fabricated for me right there. When I bought a Chinese bicycle, the first thing I had to do was bring it to a bike-sazi to have it adjusted so the brakes would work, the handlebars were at the right angle, and the pedals rotated freely. All those thousands of minds and hands are hoping that the social elite in this country will begin to have faith in them and start to build this economy.
Thus far I have not even mentioned opium, and I am sad to do so now. But I expect that you would ask me about it if I did not mention it. It seems that much of the effort that went into rebuilding the rural sector has been captured by the narcotics industry. The alternative livelihoods program that David Mansfield and Adam Pain examined in 2005 focused on alternative rural livelihoods; and growing wheat or roses or lemongrass versus opium are not realistic alternatives. In a landlocked country, high-value, low bulk goods and services are the only realistic goods that can compete in international trade. That is true across the boundary of legality and illegality. Electronics assembly and secondary outsourcing from India can compete on the international market. These are realistic alternative livelihoods, and they require a skilled population and reliable electricity. I think there are many policy adjustments that need to be made regarding opium, including rejecting the American policy of keeping it totally illegal. But more important within this discussion is that the realistic alternative livelihoods to move away from an opium-dependent economy are almost all urban livelihoods.
I mentioned that the shift in livelihoods and location is a partial definition of urbanization. But we also notice that the culture of urban households is different than village culture. Afghans have described this to me in terms that are even more vivid than we use in the West. Here I will finish with a few other aspects of urbanization.
As residents of cities we get used to dealing with strangers, not just our extended families. We grow up with people of different ethnic groups. We form lifelong friendships that cross social boundaries. In Western languages, we say that a person who adapts to urban life becomes the denizen of a city. Two thousand years ago that expression was combined into one word: citizen. Among Muslims the tradition is different but also extremely focused on cities. The Arabic word which is closest to meaning city is madina, which means both place-of-faith and place-of-justice. The concept of �umma extends beyond city walls, but it has strong parallels with the idea of citizenship: all humans can join this community, it is not restricted by kin relations, or ethnicity, or status. The possibility of extending membership to the whole human community means that we must first recognize the fundamental humanity, the shared adamiyat of all humans. Urbanization means more than fulfilling material needs, or increasing our choices and capabilities. I believe Mahbub ul-Haq, the Pakistani economist, had this in mind when he developed the Human Development Index with his longtime Indian friend, Amartya Sen. With urbanization, with Human Development in its broadest sense, with effective urban governance and justice, it is possible that Afghans will find what they desperately desire: it is possible that Afghans may find peace.
Thank you for your time and attention. Now I invite questions and comments from all of you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


All lead indices are net bullish in technical strength as markets consolidated last week's gains. The S&P has posted a series of doji/hammer after emerging from a bullish 'flag' / downward channel.
The Nasdaq gapped down Wednesday but held its ground in another narrow day of trading. Relative performance ticked down after significant outperformance against the S&P, but it still remains ahead of Large Cap stocks.
The Russell 2000 was on course to register the third day of losses in a row, but it did enough to come back to newly minted breakout support around 1,390. Technicals are still bullish, although +DI/-DI is about to generate a negative/bearish crossover.
The Semiconductor Index is coming back off a retest of highs in what may become a double top, although a loss of 960 would be required to confirm. In the meantime, the index sits on what was former channel support with technicals easing lower - although such technicals look ready to accelerate down which may be the lead action for a loss of 960.
For Friday, shorts may have something to play for in the Semiconductor Index with a stop above 1,025. The Russell 2000 might go the other way; downside action looks to be tiring and the presence of support may be the kicker to start a new rally. Watch these indices closely over the next couple of days.


text:
Weekend in Weighton by Terry Murphy
Buy Weekend in Weighton by Terry Murphy at Amazon.co.uk or Amazon.com
Category: Crime
Reviewer: Sue Magee
Summary: A (wise) cracking investigator, great plot and action scenes which take your breath away. A good read. Terry Murphy wa kind enough to pop inti Bookbag Towers and chat to us.
Pages: 465 KB Date: January 2012
Publisher: Grinning Bandit Books
Eddie G (well, it's Eddie Greene, actually, but Eddie G sounds so much more street-wise, don't you think?) has a hundred percent record of solving the cases he takes on as a private investigator. That sounds very impressive until you find out that he's only just taken on his first case, but it's a mark of his determination to succeed. The first blip on the radar which suggests that all might not be well is finding the clap-cold body of his client on her living-room floor when it's not fifteen minutes since he spoke to her on the phone.
That's not a good start to a Friday night, but before long it's going to get a whole lot worse. Jimmy Cartwright, the local crime boss (and definitely not someone to tangle with) suggests that he'd not mind seeing Eddie dead. The police have him chalked in for a murder. The mayor (who might have had a close connection with the corpse before she became a corpse) thinks that now would be a good time for Eddie to leave town and his girl friend agrees - but she'd like him to do it without her.
When I started reading Weekend in Weighton I thought that Eddie was going to annoy the hell out of me. He's twenty-six, wedded to his mountain bike and smart-talking. Actually, 'smart-talking' rather understates the position. Eddie has a wise-crack, a line from a song or a smart rejoinder for every situation. I was only a few pages in before I stopped being annoyed and started enjoying him, because the gobbiness isn't just a veneer that he flashes when the author feels like it: it is Eddie and Terry Murphy has written a great character who wheelies off the page. He's not a one-off either: solicitor Kate Connolly, crime boss Jimmy Cartwright and the nation's finest down at the local nick all stay in the mind.
It's a gritty, northern location. Terry Murphy says that it's fictional, but you get the feeling that he knows it rather well. The plot is good too. It's a great whodunit that had me guessing right up to the end and I swear I forgot to breathe in some of the action scenes. In a whodunit they're usually an excuse for a weak plot, but not in this case. I hear that there's going to be another outing for Eddie before too long. Just give me chance to get my breath back, Mr Murphy!
I'd like to thank the author for sending a copy to the Bookbag.
It's set in London but for a book with a similar feel for the streets we can recommend Never Apologise, Never Explain - An Inspector Carlyle Novel by James Craig. For another compelling northern setting we can recommend the Inspector Banks novels by Peter Robinson.
You can read more book reviews or buy Weekend in Weighton by Terry Murphy at Amazon.co.uk
You can read more book reviews or buy Weekend in Weighton by Terry Murphy at Amazon.com.
Terry Murphy was kind enough to be interviewed by Bookbag.
Retrieved from "http://www.thebookbag.co.uk/reviews/index.php?title=Weekend_in_Weighton_by_Terry_Murphy&oldid=125935"
Reviewed by Sue Magee


HVACNearYou.com provides updated information on hvac service in Hanford, CA.
Learn more about a Hanford contractor by clicking "view details," or enter a new zip code in the search box below to search again.
Local Air Conditioning Contractors. Call Our Reputable Company Today.


text:
Q: Flask/python route runs locally but crashes on GCP I am wondering why does the following Flask/Python route runs locally but gives an internal server error on GCP (Google Cloud Platform)?
Before including the route '/test/', I deployed to GCP and I was able to access all the routes.
After including the route '/test/, I was able to access all the routes expect '/test/' route which throws an internal server error.
Any suggestions are greatly appreciated.
Thank you.
@app.route('/test/')
def test():
    p = subprocess.Popen(["coverage", "run", "--branch", "test.py"],
            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
            stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
    out, err = p.communicate()
    output=err+out
    output = output.decode("utf-8")

    return render_template('test.html', output = "
".join(output.split("\n")))

test.html

{{ output }}

A: coverage needs to be included in the requirements.txt file so it can be installed on the GCP Environment.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
    <form (ngSubmit)="purchase()" #purchaseForm="ngForm" novalidate>

        Name

        <input id="name" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.name" name="name" #name="ngModel" type="text" autocomplete="off"
          required />

                Name is required.

        Surname

        <input id="surname" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.surname" name="surname" #surname="ngModel" type="text"
          autocomplete="off" required />

                Surname is required.

        Phone Number

        <input id="phone" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.phone" name="phone" #phone="ngModel" type="number" autocomplete="off"
          min="0" max="999999999" required />

                Phone is required and format should be 123456789.

        Email Address

        <input id="email" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.Email" name="email" #email="ngModel" type="email"
          autocomplete="off" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" required />

                Email is required and format should be john@doe.com.

        Company Name

        <input id="companyName" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.companyName" name="companyName" #companyName="ngModel"
          type="text" autocomplete="off" required />

                Company Name is required.

        Address

        <input id="address" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.address" name="address" #address="ngModel" type="text"
          autocomplete="off" required />

                Address is required.

        City

        <input id="city" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.city" name="city" #city="ngModel" type="text" autocomplete="off"
          required />

                City is required.

        Post Code

        <input id="postCode" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.postCode" name="postCode" #postCode="ngModel" type="text"
          autocomplete="off" required />

                Post Code is required.

        Country

        <input id="country" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.country" name="country" #country="ngModel" type="text"
          autocomplete="off" required />

                Country is required.

        Additional Data

        <input id="name" (keyup)="onKeyup($event)" [(ngModel)]="purchaserData.additionalData" name="additionalData" #additionalData="ngModel" type="text"/>

      Back

      {{ registerResult }}
      <button [disabled]="!purchaseForm.form.valid" type="submit" class="button button-block">Next</button>

                Button disabled, check imput data

    </form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Best of Month
fuzz-punk
The Howling Lords launch music video for "Soul to Sell"
Submitted by newseditor on Thu, 03/14/2019 - 15:33
Fast rising Scottish dirty blues trio, The Howling Lords, dispatch a hypnotic, dirty garage rock sound with stout riffs, casting comparisons to everyone from the Black Keys and Queens Of the Stoneage to Creedence Clearwater Revival. The ascending three piece continue their rise with a UK tour and a brand new captivating video for the track, "Soul to Sell" - watch it below.
Read more about The Howling Lords launch music video for "Soul to Sell"
Getaway Van release lyric video for new single "Follow Me"
Submitted by newseditor on Fri, 02/01/2019 - 21:41
New to the Vancouver rock scene, Getaway Van has been maneuvering through venues to bring their slightly out of control punky blues stoner fuzz rock to entertained audiences for the past year.
Collectively, the band shares a broad taste in music and using that to their advantage it's translated into a record full of different styles and influences that they are gearing up to release on February 23rd, 2019, which features their latest single and lyric video "Follow Me".
Read more about Getaway Van release lyric video for new single "Follow Me"
Getaway Van to release debut self titled full-length album on February 23rd 2019
New to the Vancouver rock scene, Getaway Van has been maneuvering through venues to bring their slightly out of control punky blues stoner fuzz rock to entertained audiences for the past year. Collectively, the band shares a broad taste in music and using that to their advantage it's translated into a record full of different styles and influences that they are gearing up to release on February 23rd, 2019, which features their latest single "Lord I've Been Running".
Listen to the new single below.
Read more about Getaway Van to release debut self titled full-length album on February 23rd 2019
The Howling Lords drop music video for "Black Dog"
Scottish hard-edged dirty blues trio, The Howling Lords have just set loose the new video for the track, "Black Dog".
The single has been picked from their forthcoming sophomore album, "Texas Medicine", out via all platforms on November 30th.
Expressing a guttural, dirty garage rock sound with heavy riff laden tracks evoking everyone from the Black Keys and Queens Of the Stoneage, to The Who and Creedence Clearwater Revival, The Howling Lords are primed to break by the end of this year.
Read more about The Howling Lords drop music video for "Black Dog"
Monster Magnet release lyric video for "When The Hammer Comes Down"
March of 2018 saw the release of the latest Monster Magnet masterpiece "Mindfucker" on Napalm Records.
Today the band has released a brand new lyric video for the track "When The Hammer Comes Down".
Check otu the lyric video below.
Order & stream "Mindfucker" here.
Tonight, Monster Magnet kicks off their North American tour supporting Mindfucker in Toronto, ON. The tour runs through October 28th in Boston, MA.
Read more about Monster Magnet release lyric video for "When The Hammer Comes Down"
The Howling Lords to release new studio album "Texas Medicine" on November 30th 2018
Submitted by newseditor on Wed, 09/19/2018 - 23:26
Scottish hard-edged dirty blues trio, The Howling Lords, have just revealed a brand new track, "Black Dog", which has been picked from their forthcoming sophomore album, "Texas Medicine" out via all platforms on Friday 30th November.
Check out the lyric video for "Black Dog" below.
Read more about The Howling Lords to release new studio album "Texas Medicine" on November 30th 2018
Satan's Satyrs to release new studio album "The Lucky Ones" on October 19th 2018
Richmond, VA quartet Satan's Satyrs premiere the first track from their forthcoming album "The Lucky Ones" today.
Hear and share album opener "Thrill of the City" below.
Read more about Satan's Satyrs to release new studio album "The Lucky Ones" on October 19th 2018
Rat The Magnificent to release debut album "The Body as Pleasure" on June 22nd 2018
Made up of members of Family Manderson, Sunshine Republic, KLLR, Hot Sauce Pony, Modern Men and Brenda, Rat The Magnificent are a heady mix of obstinance and oblivion. Think an overlapping of a Venn diagram made up of Jesus Lizard, Sally Bowles, My Bloody Valentine, Slint, Oxbow and Son House and you're in the right borough.
The trio's cacophony of beguiling yet unnerving fuzz-laced experimental noise rock has earned the group a reputation as a must-see live act, having played with the likes of McLusky, Idles and Adam Betts. Not least, they have also previously recorded with Steve Albini earning the rare would-be plaudits of "I'd have no problem with you being my house band".
Read more about Rat The Magnificent to release debut album "The Body as Pleasure" on June 22nd 2018
Monster Magnet announces May/June 2018 European & UK Tour
Submitted by newseditor on Mon, 12/18/2017 - 18:54
After letting the world know that the waiting for a new album finally comes to an end in Spring 2018, Monster Magnet are ready to show once more that they are full blown pros in this carnival that is the music industry!
Believe it or not, they already have confirmed a tour, visiting the biggest cities in Europe to promote the just announced album "Mindfucker"! No rest for the wicked!
On their last tour (and many tours before!), Monster Magnet has proven, that they still kick out the jams (get the hint?), so don't miss out on this legendary band live in May/June 2018!
Read more about Monster Magnet announces May/June 2018 European & UK Tour
Monster Magnet to release new studio album "Mindfucker" on March 23rd 2018
It's been more than a year since the first rumors spread about a new Monster Magnet album and that the band was preparing to enter the studio in Fall 2016. During the band's European Summer tour it finally got confirmed what the fans around the world were so desperately hoping for to be true.
Mastermind Dave Wyndorf stated that the long awaited new studio record is going to be (quote) "full-ahead Detroit-style, early 70s, MC5 and Stooges type of rock". Sounded very promising back then! And now we know... he wasn't lying!
Read more about Monster Magnet to release new studio album "Mindfucker" on March 23rd 2018
Subscribe to fuzz-punk
Southern Skies - Remnants of a Repeated Future, Part 1
Avatarium - The Fire I Long For
Paige Hoffman
The Best Albums of 2019...
Diamond Head - Lightning to the Nations
Top 11 Power Metal Albums of the 80s
Tweets by @granderockcom
Master Boot Record to release new studio album "Floppy Disk Overdrive" on March 20th 2020
The Heavy Eyes to release new studio album "Love Like Machines" on March 27th 2020
An Evening With Knives to release new studio album "Sense of Gravity" on March 6th 2020
False Hearts to release new EP "Remedy" on April 3rd 2020
Copyright © 2001-2020 Grande Rock ezine. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Pride 26: Bad to the Bone (faturado no mercado japonês como Renascer) foi um evento de artes marciais mistas promovido pelo Pride Fighting Championships. Aconteceu na Yokohama Arena em Yokohama, Japão em .

Resultados

Ligações Externas
 Site Oficial do Pride
 Sherdog.com

2003 nas artes marciais mistas
Desporto no Japão em 2003

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
About Us > Ronald McDonald House Charities of Canada & The McDonald's Relationship
Ronald McDonald House Charities of Canada - The McDonald's Relationship
The first Ronald McDonald House opened in Canada in 1981. In 1982, Ronald McDonald House Charities Canada was created by McDonald's ensuring that every future House would have a foundation of support. Since then McDonald's Restaurants of Canada have been committed partners in helping sick children and their families by the following:
Ten cents from the sale of every Happy Meal is donated to Ronald McDonald House Charities Canada.
McDonald's Restaurants across Canada host McHappy Day, which is an annual day of giving to support local children's charities, including Ronald McDonald Houses.
Restaurants also collect public donations through coin boxes supporting their local community and Ronald McDonald Houses.
Many McDonald's suppliers support Ronald McDonald Houses as contributors, volunteers and national donors.
Approximately 20 per cent of the House's annual operating costs come from Ronald McDonald House Charities Canada, donations from McDonald's Happy Meal Program, coin boxes and the nominal fee families pay to stay at the House. At this time, RMHCSCO does not receive funding from any agency or government and the remaining 80 per cent of the annual budget is raised through fundraising activities and through the contribution of our generous donors.


text:
The Carol Burnett Show
11:30PM Perry Mason
12:35AM The Twilight Zone
Home / Stories / 16 sweet behind-the-scenes pictures from 'Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.'
16 sweet behind-the-scenes pictures from 'Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.'
Howdy, Nabors!
November 28, 2018, 4:26PM By MeTV Staff
Shazam! Working on the hilarious Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. wasn't all fun and games. It did take place on a military base, after all. Star Jim Nabors had to sometimes stomp through marches and climb obstacle courses, too.
But overall, the sitcom looked like a grand ol' time. Old friends from Mayberry stopped by from time to time, as well as some other celebrity pals.
Let's take a peek behind the scenes at some candid, often kooky photos of the cast at work — and play.
A dear in headlights
The Everett Collection
Jim Nabors relaxes on the bumper of a truck.
Nabors takes a needed breather on location. Note the parking lot in the background.
A visit from old friends
…well, young old friends. Ron Howard hops aboard for the season two episode "Opie Joins the Marines."
Tied together
Co-stars Nabors and Frank Sutton buddy up on the set of The Jim Nabors Hour in 1969.
See Also: 24 beautiful behind-the-scenes pictures from Bonanza
A-Caroling we go
In September 1967, Nabors appeared on the first episode of The Carol Burnett Show. That same month, Burnett returned the favor as a guest star on Gomer in the episode "Corporal Carol."
Gomer Pyle U.S.M.C. ranked in the top three of TV's highest rated shows in four of its five seasons.
You wouldn't get away with this in the real Marines.
See Also: 19 delightful behind-the-scenes photos from 'Happy Days'
Gomer and the hippies
"Flower Power" poked fun at the hippie movement. Note guest star Rob Reiner on the far right!
Learning the ropes
Climbing a cargo net is no breeze, whether you're acting or not.
Here's a quick flashback to Nabors and Don Knotts on the set of The Andy Griffith Show.
See Also: 15 charming behind-the-scenes pictures from 'Leave It to Beaver'
A little help from mom
Nabors' mother, Mavis, fixes his tie back home in Alabama.
Tucked in
Guest stars Myrna Ross, Dianne Stanley, Conni Faires and Le Ann Brightwell horse around with Nabors.
An Alabama boy
Nabors poses in front of a church in his hometown of Sylacauga, Alabama.
See Also: 13 fun behind-the-scenes photos from 'Hogan's Heroes'
Reading break
Nabors kicks back with a copy of King Cohn, a biography of Columbia Studios head Harry Cohn.
It's for you
Nabors takes the telephone from his sister, Ruth Collins, back home in Alabama.
A promotion at last
AP Photo / Ronen Zilberman
Marine Corps Commandant Gen. James Jones pins the lance corporal insignia on the lapel of Jim Nabors in a ceremony on August 9, 2001. After 37 years as a private first class, Gomer Pyle finally got a promotion. The ceremony was held at Camp Smith, Hawaii, headquarters of the Pacific Marine Corps.
Watch Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C. on MeTV!
Weeknights at 9 PM
Saturdays at 5 AM & 5:30 AM
*available in most MeTV markets
Add to Favorites	Remind Me
quiz1960s
Can you name all these characters from Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.?
R.I.P., Frank Parker, soap star who got his start playing Gomer Pyle's biggest bully
They had to call in an actual Marine barber to properly buzz Gomer Pyle's head
babyboomer56 18 months ago
In the photo of the hippies that's Rob Reiner on the right.
RedSamRackham babyboomer56	18 months ago
* And Leigh French of Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour was hippy gal! ☺
TVFF 18 months ago
I didn't know Jim was from Alabama. No wonder he had such good insight into Gomer. There are probably lots of "Gomers" in Alabama.
harlow1313 38 months ago
In the photo labeled "An Alabama boy," if he poofed up his hair a bit more, he could pass for Morrissey.
Dina harlow1313	38 months ago
Morrissey famously dubbed by music critic Jim DiRogatis as "The Jim Nabors of Rock".
NoahBody Dina	38 months ago
That's hilarious !!!
About The Andy Griffith Show
Weeknights at 8pm & 8:30pm
Add to Favorites Remind Me
One of television's most warmly remembered comedies, 'The Andy Griffith Show' follows a small town sheriff and his bumbling but well-meaning deputy. It may be quiet and relatively crime free in Mayberry, and its sheriff's demeanor may appear easygoing, but Andy Taylor is always on the case. The warm stories and subtle humor of this universally adored television classic continue to charm and captivate audiences more than 50 years after its original airing.
MayJongg
Match all the unique animated toy tiles in MAYberry version of the ever so popular Mahjongg matching game. Race the clock to try and match as many toys tiles as fast as you can!
Andy Griffith Show - 3 Funny Guys
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Rankonia: The Triangle Power Rankings
by Chris Ryan on January 25, 2012
1. Dave Winfield
Bill Barnwell has respect for two kinds of people: those who work hard, and those who accept nothing but the best. I think Bill has fallen in love: "I think we need to honor Dave Winfield, he who would not go out and pick up Chinese food until the end of the Giants game and would not settle for any quality of Chinese food below P.F. Chang's. Congratulations, Dave Winfield, on keeping your standards high."
2. Sterling Moore, Stripper
Bill Simmons oddly chose this Patriots defensive back: "If Darrelle Revis or Nnamdi Asomugha had stripped Lee Evans a half-step away from Evans ruining their Super Bowl trip, and the play single-handedly swung the Super Bowl matchup, we would have spent two weeks before the game saying that it was the greatest play in the history of the position. It's true and you know it."
3. Michael Snaer, Exorcist
It's really weird how Shane Ryan writes so passionately about college sports with no obvious allegiance to one program or another. "The Florida State villain who single-handedly (slight exaggeration) ended Duke's 45-game winning streak at Cameron Indoor Stadium on Saturday. I will link you to the grainy video, because this event deserves to be treated like an assassination, or like a bizarre sex tape nobody but a real weirdo wants to see. It's been two-plus years since the Blue Devils lost at home, which makes this play roughly equivalent to the Shire being overrun by Orcs. And yet, the media has treated it like an interesting sports story rather than a national tragedy. The only thing that would be worse is if Chris ranks this item anywhere but no 1. Come on, Rankonia, be the watchdog you were born to be!"
4. Michael Llodra, Not a Horse
From Brian "I'm Living on Australia Time, Brother" Phillips: "Michael Llodra, who, en route to losing 6-4, 6-2, 6-0 to Andy Murray at the Australian Open, somehow managed to push Murray into one of the most delirious and entertaining single games of tennis you will ever see. For that one game, it was like watching Seabiscuit hang with War Admiral, only if Seabiscuit lost in straight sets and War Admiral was a likable Scotsman."
5. The Patriots' Scoreboard Operator/Excuses
Nominated by Dan Fierman. That's Fierman, F-I-E-R-M-A-N, City of Baltimore. Fierman.
6. Ann Mara, Our Lady of Sonning Terry Bradshaw
Katie Baker nominates "the matriarch of our hearts."
7. Babysitters of London
Sarah Larimer, defender of Mary Poppinses everywhere: "Yeah, you know what, Moms? Get a sitter. Your kid doesn't want to be hanging from a Baby Bjorn during horse jumping anyway. Also, I can think of like a billion other items that he or she needs more than an expensive ticket to the Summer Games. Stand your ground, London Olympics committee! The War on Families continues!"
8. Detroit Area Buffet Establishments
Rembert Browne knows how to import from America: "If you think a new nine-year, $214 million contract with the Tigers will turn Prince Fielder into a frequent enjoyer of foie gras and baked Alaska, you're dumb and insane. A more realistic scenario is whenever the Tigers lose, Prince goes to Sizzler by himself and spends $420 on a meal; when they win, Prince brings 50 people to Cici's Pizza and drops $7,000; and if he hits a walk-off, Prince invites everyone in the stadium to join him at Golden Corral for a celebratory milkshake, spending $92,000 in the process. Economy, consider yourself fixed."
9. Dwight Howard, Trolls Hard in the Paint
This dude said Kevin Garnett was 40. Applaud that.
10. Jim Irsay, Tweets Like Birdman
Acts like Crazy Eddie.


One of the most successful, decorated, and controversial science fiction writers in Cuba, Yoss (a.k.a. José Miguel Sánchez Gómez) is known as much for his unrepentant rock-and-roll aesthetic as for his acerbic portraits of the island under Communism.
In his bestselling A Planet for Rent, Yoss critiques '90s Cuba by drawing parallels with a possible Earth of the not-so-distant future. Wracked by economic and environmental problems, the desperate planet is rescued, for better or worse, by alien colonizers, who remake the planet as a tourist destination. Ruled over by a brutal interstellar bureaucracy, dispossessed humans seek better lives via the few routes available — working for the colonial police; eking out a living as black marketeers, drug dealers, or artists; prostituting themselves to exploitative extraterrestrial visitors — or facing the cold void of space in rickety illegal ships.
This inventive and raucous book marks the English-language debut of an astonishingly brave and imaginative Latin American voice.


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– japoński konglomerat przedsiębiorstw (keiretsu) działających pod marką Sumitomo.

Historia
Firma założona w 1630 roku przez Masatomo Sumitomo jako sklep sprzedający leki i książki.

Szwagier Masatomo Sumitomo, Riemon Soga, który wytapiał miedź i żelazo, wkrótce rozwinął nową metodę wytopu nazwaną nanban-buki, która pozwalała uzyskiwać srebro z rudy miedziowej. Tomomochi Sumitomo, najstarszy syn Riemona Sogi wyjawił tę technikę innym wytwórcom miedzi, czym wysławił imię rodziny Sumitomo jako odkrywcy techniki Nanban-buki. To stworzyło możliwość wejścia na szczyt Sumitomo jako wydobywcy i przetwórcy miedzi. Jeszcze przed 1810 przedsiębiorstwo zaczęło wkraczać na inne dziedziny, takie jak: bankowość, magazynowanie, produkcja przewodów elektrycznych i inne.

Obecnie Grupa Sumitomo działa w oparciu o zasady swego założyciela Masatomo Sumitomo napisane w XVII wieku.

Pole działalności poszczególnych firm składających się na grupę Sumitomo jest bardzo szerokie. Są to m.in. przemysł ciężki: huty, stocznie, zakłady zbrojeniowe, największe japońskie zakłady chemiczne (Sumitomo Chemical) oraz bank.

Konglomerat posiada również udziały m.in. w producencie sprzętu elektronicznego NEC.

Przedsiębiorstwa wchodzące w skład Grupy Sumitomo
 Asahi Breweries – przemysł piwowarski i napoje
 Hanshin Electric Railway – transport kolejowy
 Nankai Electric Railway – transport kolejowy
 Keihan Electric Railway – transport kolejowy
 Mazda – przemysł samochodowy
 Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance – ubezpieczenia
 Nippon Sheet Glass – szkło
 NEC – elektronika i produkty elektryczne
 Sumitomo Chemical Ltd. – przemysł chemiczny
 Sumitomo Heavy Industries – maszyny, przemysł zbrojeniowy i przemysł stoczniowy
 Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation – finanse
 Sumitomo Metal Industries – Stal
 Sumitomo Metal Mining – górnictwo rud żelaznych i nieżelaznych
 Korporacja Sumitomo –
 Sumitomo Corporation of America
 Sumitomo Trust and Banking – finanse
 Sumitomo Life Insurance – ubezpieczenia
 Sumitomo Coal Mining – górnictwo węgla kamiennego
 Sumitomo Warehouse – Magazynowanie
 Sumitomo Electric Industries – elektronika i produkty elektryczne
 Sumitomo Realty and Development – nieruchomości i zarządzanie nieruchomościami
 Sumitomo Real Estate – nieruchomości
 Sumitomo Osaka Cement – cement
 Sumitomo Light Metal Industries – metale nieżelazne
 Sumitomo Mitsui Construction – budownictwo
 Sumitomo Bakelite – chemikalia
 Sumitomo Forestry – przemysł drzewny i budownictwo
 Sumitomo Rubber Industries – przemysł gumowy i przemysł oponiarski

Sumitomo, Grupa
Przedsiębiorstwa w Osace


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This entry was posted in Uncategorized on September 9, 2014 by Greg P.


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We Can Help You Understand How Minors and Fiduciaries Should Be Named In Lawsuits
In Virginia, sometimes a person or entity cannot sue or be sued on their own. Special rules dictate who the proper parties are, and how they must be named, in suits involving minors, incapacitated persons, estates, and trusts. Failure to follow those rules can lead to the dismissal of your case. Compounding the danger for unwary lawyers and litigants, the rules for lawsuits by minors are different than the rules for lawsuits involving fiduciaries like executors, administrators, trustees, guardians, and conservators.
Without Legal Representation a Minor Mistake Could Have Major Consequences
Under Virginia Code Section 8.01-8, a minor can only sue by her "next friend." But who is the proper party to sue on a minor's behalf? Is it the minor or the next friend? And how should the minor and next friend by named in a lawsuit? Under well-established law, such a lawsuit must be brought in the minor's name, by their next friend, not the other way around.
Failure to follow this rule can have disastrous consequences. Several years ago, I wrote about Sarah Gilbert and how her medical malpractice case was dismissed because the trial court found that Gilbert was not properly named as the plaintiff in the lawsuit. Unfortunately, the lawyer who filed Gilbert's case named her parents as the plaintiffs on Gilbert's behalf. When that complaint was dismissed, he then tried to correct the error by naming Gilbert as the plaintiff, by her parents as her next friends. But it was too late. By then, the statute of limitations had run, Gilbert's lawsuit was dismissed, and the lawyer was eventually hit with a large legal malpractice verdict.
While that result may seem harsh, the rule governing how to properly name a minor by her next friend is nothing new. In 2003, three years before Gilbert's lawyer filed her original complaint, the Supreme Court of Virginia decided Herndon v. St. Mary's Hospital on facts almost identical to those in Gilbert's case. In Herndon, the parents of a minor filed a medical malpractice suit arising from injuries their child suffered at birth. Just like in Gilbert's case, Herndon's parents filed suit in their own names as the minor child's next friend, rather than the other way around. The trial court dismissed the case, and the Supreme Court affirmed. Indeed, all the way back in 1943, in Kirby v. Gilliam, the Supreme Court of Virginia made clear that a suit brought for an infant "must be the infant's suit, and not that of the next friend," and that a suit filed in next friend's name "on behalf of" an infant "cannot be maintained."
Let Us Help You Understand How the Rule for Fiduciaries Is Essentially the Opposite
Unlike next friends, fiduciaries like executors, administrators, trustees, guardians, and conservators are the proper parties to sue or be sued on behalf of the subjects of their fiduciary relationship. Under Virginia Code Section 8.01-6.3(A): "In any action or suit required to be prosecuted or defended by or in the name of a fiduciary, including a personal representative, trustee, conservator, or guardian, the style of the case in regard to the fiduciary shall be substantially in the following form: '(Name of fiduciary), (type of fiduciary relationship), (Name of the subject of the fiduciary relationship).'"
So, what suits are "required to be prosecuted or defended by or in the name of a fiduciary"? One example is a suit involving an incapacitated person. Once a guardian or conservator has been appointed for an incapacitated person, the incapacitated person loses the ability to sue or be sued in their own name. Rather, under Virginia Code Section 64.2-2025, the appointed fiduciary must "prosecute or defend all actions or suits" involving the incapacitated person.
The guardians of an adult child with disabilities found that out the hard way in Lopez-Rosario v. Habib. In 2010, Lopez-Rosario's parents filed a petition seeking to be appointed as her guardians. The court granted their petitions. Subsequently, Lopez-Rosario was allegedly injured during gallbladder surgery. In 2014, she filed a medical malpractice suit in her own name, with no indication that her parents had been appointed as her guardians. The trial court dismissed the suit, and the Supreme Court of Virginia agreed. Although Virginia law does provide for limited guardianships, in which a ward retains authority to make legal decisions, this was not one of those. It was a full guardianship, and Lopez-Rosario was deemed incapacitated. Thus, she lacked standing to sue on her own behalf.
Another example is a suit involving a decedent's estate. The Supreme Court of Virginia has repeatedly held that only an estate's "personal representative" (i.e., its executor or administrator) is the proper party to sue or be sued on behalf of the estate. As the Court has said in cases like Burns v. Equitable Associates and Reineck v. Lemen, a person does not have standing to sue on behalf of an estate merely because they are a beneficiary of the estate. Nor may an estate be named as a party directly, as the Court has made clear in cases like Estate of James v. Peyton, Swann v. Marks, and Ray v. Ready.
Virginia Code Section 8.01-6.3(B) Provides a Targeted Remedy, but Not a Cure-All, in Cases Involving Fiduciaries
When a suit is filed by a party without standing, or against an improper party, it is a legal nullity, and the filing of such a suit does not stop the clock from running on the statute of limitations. Remember Sarah Gilbert? That was the problem she encountered. The first complaint her lawyer filed, which named her parents as parties rather than her, did not stop the clock. By the time he tried to fix it, it was too late. She would likely still encounter the same problem today, as the rules regarding naming minors and next friends have not changed.
Before 2010, cases involving decedents' estates were subject to the same fate if they reversed the names of the personal representative and the estate. For example, in 2009, the Supreme Court of Virginia decided Estate of James v. Peyton, in which it held that a suit filed by "the Estate of Robert Judson James, Administrator, Edwin F. Gentry, Esq." was not filed by the proper party and did not stop the clock from running on the statute of limitations.
A year later, the General Assembly enacted Virginia Code Section 8.01-6.3. As stated above, subsection A of that statute prescribed a form by which fiduciaries like executors, administrators, trustees, guardians, and conservators should be named in lawsuits. However, subsection B provided a safety valve in suits involving fiduciaries, stating that: "Any pleading filed that does not conform to the requirements of subsection A but otherwise identifies the proper parties shall be amended on the motion of any party or by the court on its own motion." When a pleading is amended under that provision, the "amendment relates back to the date of the original pleading." In other words, it is as if the amendment were filed on the date of the original suit, even though the original suit improperly named the fiduciary. Thus, in a case like Estate of James, because the pleadings identified the proper party (the administrator of the estate), they could now be amended to correctly name that party even after the statute of limitations would have otherwise expired.
But what if a pleading just names the estate as a party and does not mention the personal representative at all? The Supreme Court addressed that situation in a 2018 case: Ray v. Ready. In Ray, the plaintiff named the "Estate of Keith F. Ready" as a defendant in a lawsuit. She did not name the administrator of the estate as a party, list her name anywhere in the complaint, or even mention the concept of an administrator or personal representative. Under those circumstances, the trial court dismissed Ray's complaint and ruled that it could not be amended under 8.01-6.3(B) because the proper party, the administrator of the estate, was not named anywhere in the Complaint. Because "relation back" to the date of the original filing was not available, the statute of limitations had run. On appeal, the Supreme Court affirmed. Because the plaintiff failed to "otherwise identif[y] the proper part[y]," the safe-harbor provision in 8.01-6.3(B) was unavailable, and the plaintiff was time-barred from suing the estate's personal representative.
Don't Be Tripped up by Complex Virginia Laws Regarding Naming Minors and Fiduciaries
Virginia lawyers and litigants must follow the requirements for naming minors and fiduciaries as parties to lawsuits. The rules for properly naming minors and fiduciaries in Virginia lawsuits are complex and have tripped up even experienced personal injury lawyers.
Here at The Mottley Law Firm, we have experience representing minors and fiduciaries in all of our practice areas. Don't wait until a mistake has been made that destroys your case. Call The Mottley Law Firm at (804) 409-0876 to discuss your case today.
by Kevin W. Mottley [email protected]
Richmond, VA trial lawyer dedicated to handling brain injuries, car accidents and other serious injury claims


This is in response to your request on behalf of the Western Systems Coordinating Council ("WSCC") for the issuance of a business review letter pursuant to the Department of Justice's Business Review Procedure, 28 C.F.R. ァ50.6. You have requested a statement of the Department of Justice's antitrust enforcement intentions with respect to a proposal by WSCC under which it would establish a system of electric power reliability standards, violation of which would subject participating firms to financial sanctions.
WSCC -- one of ten electric reliability councils in North America -- is a voluntary organization responsible for promoting electric system reliability and coordinating operating and planning activities for its 107 member systems. WSCC's members, which represent all segments of the electric industry, provide power in 14 western states, two Canadian provinces, and portions of one Mexican state. WSCC's bylaws provide for membership by state regulatory agencies as well as generators, marketers and transmission companies. WSCC's Board of Trustees is currently composed of representatives of major transmission utilities, transmission dependent utilities, and marketers and independent generators, in equal numbers. Three representatives of state regulatory authorities also serve on the Board of Trustees. In the past the electric power industry was served by a relatively few fully integrated firms whose various activities were heavily regulated. Deregulation has increased the number of firms in the industry and some of these firms are unregulated. As a voluntary organization, WSCC has no authority to compel adherence to reliability standards. It believes that, while a voluntary system adequately protected system reliability under a wholly vertically integrated structure, the industry can no longer rely on a voluntary approach as the old commonality of interests is vitiated by the growth of competition amongst existing providers and new entrants. WSCC concludes that to maintain compliance with reliability criteria, some form of mandatory reliability system is required, including sanctions. Its proposal would serve that end, until superceded by governmental regulation. WSCC states, however, that no transmission operator would be required to participate in the mandatory reliability program, and there would be no sanctions on those who insist on participating on a voluntary basis.
WSCC identifies 17 reliability criteria which, it states, are critical for reliability management and compliance determinations. It proposes to implement these criteria in three phases. The first phase, establishes reliability criteria dealing with: (1) operating reserves and disturbance control; (2) balancing generation and interchange schedules to load and maintain frequency; (3) maintaining the operating transfer capability of transmission lines; and (4) keeping in operation the automatic voltage regulation and power system stabilizing equipment on generators. The remaining 13 criteria would be added in two phases over a two to three year period. Criteria will be developed in accordance with WSCC's processes for obtaining input from its members and other interested parties.
The reliability criteria would be set forth in a generic tariff (the WSCC Reliability Criteria Agreement) that would be placed on file with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC" or the "Commission"). Interested parties who objected to a reliability criteria would have an opportunity to petition the Commission. Participating members would enter into standardized contracts committing themselves to adhere to the criteria. Each Transmission Operator (defined as WSCC control area operators and transmission facilities operators) would enter into a Reliability Maintenance System ("RMS") Agreement with WSCC that would commit the operator to adhere to the WSCC Reliability Criteria Agreement and to incorporate these criteria into agreements that it reached with inter-connected generators. In turn, each interconnected generator would enter into an agreement with its local Transmission Operator binding both parties to the RMS. This contract would be mandatory for all new interconnections. Transmission Operators would be required to make good faith efforts to reach agreement on amendments to existing interconnection agreements to require compliance with RMS, and to make unilateral filings with the Commission if agreement could not be reached. Although the contracts would incorporate mandatory reliability criteria, implementation of any RMS would depend, in the first instance, on the voluntary execution of a contract between WSCC and a Transmission Operator.
To enforce compliance with the reliability criteria, WSCC proposes to rely on sanctions. There would be four levels of violations: Level 1 - minor or first time incidents of noncompliance; Level 2 - significant or repeat incidents of noncompliance; Level 3 - persistent violations or major incidents of noncompliance; and Level 4 - persistent or flagrant incidents of noncompliance. Notification letters would be the specified sanction for a first or second Level 1 violation or for a first Level 2 violation. Monetary sanctions would be imposed for all subsequent Level 1 or Level 2 violations and for all Level 3 or Level 4 violations. Monetary sanctions would range from: (1) the higher of $1,000 or 1 mill/kWh to (2) the higher of $10,000 or 10 mills/kWh.
Compliance would be monitored by the WSCC using data supplied by the Transmission Operators and interconnected generators. If these data indicated potential noncompliance by a party, WSCC would provide an opportunity for the party to submit additional or corrected data. Thereafter, where appropriate WSCC would identify instances of noncompliance and initiate sanctions.
Participants who receive an initial determination of noncompliance could appeal to a WSCC Reliability Compliance Committee composed of one representative from each of the following seven industry sectors: major transmitting utilities; transmission dependent utilities; independent power producers; power marketers; state, provincial (Canadian), or local regulatory bodies; municipal utility systems; and control area or independent system operators. If a party disputed the determination of the Reliability Compliance Committee, it could pursue Alternative Dispute Resolution under criteria on file with the Commission. The dispute resolution provisions are modeled largely on the dispute resolution provisions previously accepted by FERC in another proceeding. These provisions permit appeals to the Commission (or the courts in the case of nonjurisdictional parties).
Monies collected as penalties would be used to defray the expense of the RMS program (estimated to be between $0.5 and $1 million a year). If penalties recovered exceed the operating costs, the surplus would be passed on to all WSCC members participating in the RMS (including generators and non-control area transmission operators).
WSCC filed a petition with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission seeking a regulatory determination that its Reliability Management System was fair and reasonable and an indication that the Commission would play the review role envisioned for it in the WSCC proposal. In response the Commission asserted jurisdiction over the WSCC proposal and approved its implementation on an experimental basis, finding that WSCC's governance procedures seemed to be "fair" and its ADR procedures for dealing with proposed violations and sanctions seemed to be "just and reasonable."
Based on the information and assurances provided to us by WSCC, the Department of Justice has no current intention to institute antitrust enforcement action against the process by which WSCC proposes to establish reliability standards and to impose sanctions for violations thereof. (We have not considered, and therefore this letter does not address, the specific reliability criteria that have been or are likely to be developed by WSCC.) You have assured us that the processes under which the reliability standards are to established and enforced are open to all interested parties, provide for representation for all segments of the industry, are not designed to competitively disadvantage any particular party or segment of the industry, and that Commission or court review will be available to review disputes. To the extent that these assurances are fulfilled, the processes at issues do not, on their face, appear to raise significant risks to competition. To be sure, any standard setting or sanctions process is susceptible to anticompetitive manipulation or abuse, and the Department reserves its right to take appropriate enforcement should such events occur.
For these reasons, the Department is not presently inclined to initiate antitrust enforcement action against WSCC's proposal. This letter, however, expresses the Department's current enforcement intention. In accordance with our normal practices, the Department reserves the right to bring any enforcement action in the future if the actual operation of the proposed reliability standards program proves to be anticompetitive in any purpose or effect.
This statement is made in accordance with the Department's Business Review Procedure, 28 C.F.R. ァ50.6. Pursuant to its terms, your business review request and this letter will be made publicly available within 30 days of the date of this letter, unless you request that part of the material be withheld in accordance with Paragraph 10(c) of the Business Review Procedure.


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