text:
Overwatch Replaces McCree's Noose Spray
The removal of McCree's noose spray appears to be in response to widespread concerns over racially-charged imagery in media.
By Steven T. Wright on July 15, 2020 at 4:34PM PDT
A recent update to Overwatch has removed one of the cosmetic sprays that players can tag onto surfaces as the cowboy gunslinger McCree. The spray in question depicts a rope tied in the shape of a noose, and it has been replaced by a horseshoe that says "bad luck."
While developer Blizzard has not said anything publicly about the decision to remove the spray, it appears to be a part of a widespread reckoning with racist and racially-charged imagery in media. The image of the noose has long been associated with the lynchings of Black men in the United States, and it's been in the news recently due to the discovery of a noose in the stall of Bubba Wallace, a Black driver for Nascar.
Now Playing: New Overwatch Hero Echo Gameplay
Overwatch has come under fire for its cosmetics in the past, with one of Pharah's skins drawing fire for its Native American imagery. Some fans have also called for Blizzard to remove the game's explicitly police-themed skins for characters such as Brigitte and D.Va, but there's been no movement on that front as of yet.
In other Overwatch happenings, the game's latest event offers special rewards for Sigma, one of the game's many tanks. If you complete 9 wins with Sigma, you will obtain his new legendary skin, Maestro Sigma.
Overwatch News
Overwatch Summer Event Now Live, Features New Game Mode And Skins
There are 5 comments about this story


text:
Yorba Linda Historical Society
Museum & Botanic Gardens
Membership & Volunteer
The Susanna Bixby Bryant Ranch
Open First Saturday Of The Month: 1:30PM – 3:30PM
Week-day group/school tours may be booked by calling 714.694.0235
Susanna Bixby Bryant Ranch
5700 Susanna Bryant Dr.
Our Museum
The Yorba Linda Historical Society operates the Susanna Bixby Bryant Ranch Museum and Botanic Gardens that are owned by the City of Yorba Linda.
The museum consists of 2,500 square feet of vintage room furnishings, from 1800, including 5 museum rooms covering the history of the botanic garden, ranching, citrus, water wars, Cajon Canal/Zanjeros bee industry, Yorba Linda family artifacts and mementos including textiles, Native American Artifacts, transportation in the area at the time, the history of Yorba Linda, kitchen primitives, mini medical museum, and more. .
1878 | John Bixby Purchases The Land
In 1878 John Bixby, one of the founders of Long Beach, purchased nearly 6,000 acres of land in what is now eastern Yorba Linda from the widow of Bernardo Yorba. Here, he grazed cattle and sheep rolling on the hills and named his property Rancho Santa Ana after the river that flowed adjacent to his property.
1891 | Susanna Bixby Inherits The Land
When John Bixby died in 1891, his daughter Susanna Bixby Bryant inherited the ranch. Susanna was a young married women living in Los Angeles at the time, when she took control of the Bixby ranch
1911 | The Bryant Ranch House Is Built
Around 1911, daughter Susanna Bixby became interested in having a place to stay when she visited the ranch. She built the 2500 square foot house that sits restored today.
1946 | The Ranch Is Sold
Susanna Bixby Bryant dies in 1946 and the ranch was eventually sold. Her garden was moved to the Claremont Colleges California Botanic Garden, where it is sustained to this day, but her home was neglected and vagrants moved in.
1976 | The Property Is Purchased
In 1976, the Bryant Ranch property was purchased by a land developer. Eventually, as the property was being turned into a residential neighborhood of 48 homes, The City of Yorba Linda decided that the house would be restored inside and out, as a local history museum.
1997 | The Restoration Is Complete
The restoration of the eight-room main house was finished in 1997. The ranch house has since been placed on the state and national Registers of Historic Places.
Copyright © 2023 Yorba Linda Historical Society – OnePress theme by FameThemes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Promoting opportunities for ethical reflection and debate at Sacred Heart University since 1993.
The Hersher Institute started in 1993 with a generous endowment from local businessman Kurt Hersher and named in memory of his father. The Hersher Institute for Applied Ethics promotes ethical reflection and education across the curriculum. Several of its programs are directed to the faculty, preparing them to incorporate ethical analysis more effectively into their courses. The Institute also promotes conversations around the campus about the pressing ethical issues of our time, all with the goal of helping Sacred Heart students develop a sound moral foundation to take into their careers and their communities.
The Hersher Institute sponsors a variety of thematic programming events to meet these goals. They include: public forums on current topics with ethical import, faculty roundtable discussions, a major speaker series, and faculty book groups. Under Current Programming, one can see the theme and lecture titles for the current year and past years back to 2012, including videos of some of these events.
To provide practical assistance in teaching ethics, the Hersher Institute sponsors stand-alone roundtable discussions and readings groups. The Institute has trained faculty to develop new courses or modules within courses that treat ethics. Under the Faculty Resources menu, faculty can locate "Ethics Modules" to adapt into their courses. Hence, SHU students are increasingly encountering moral issues and ethical reasoning across the curriculum.


text:
travelersguide
TRAVELADVISORY
FLIGHTINFO
MBIA
Public Health Passenger Locator Form
AIRCRAFT FEES
IMMIGRATION & PASSPORT
MBIA FACT SHEET
AIRLINES SERVING GRENADA
There are several airlines which provide continued service to Grenada; these include British Airways and Virgin Atlantic which provides weekly direct flights from London's Gatwick Airport. Delta Airlines provides flights from both New York and Atlanta once weekly, and JetBlue provides direct flights from New York. American Airlines provides direct flights from Miami; while Caribbean Airlines also operates regularly scheduled flights via its Trinidad hub. Air Canada operates weekly service from Toronto to Grenada with easy connections from Halifax, Montreal and Ottawa.
LIAT continues to provide connections into Grenada's Maurice Bishop International Airport from various Caribbean islands along with connections to International flights from Antigua, Barbados, St. Lucia and Trinidad.
Carriacou's Lauriston Airport continues to be serviced by daily flights from Grenada and St. Vincent with SVG Air.
COORDINATES -12°00′15″N 061°47′10″W
AIRPORT ELEVATION 41 ft / 12 m
IATA AIRPORT CODE
GRENADA AVIATION HISTORY
PEARLS AIRPORT
There are several airlines which provide continued service to Grenada; these include British Airways and Virgin Atlantic which provides weekly direct flights from London's Gatwick Airport. Delta Airlines provides flights from.
MBIA AIRSTRIP
FIRST FLIGHT - PSIA
Opening of Lauriston
POINT SALINE
PSIA OPENING CEREMONY
Maurice Bishop Airport, formerly known as Point Salines Airport, is an international airport located in the parish of St. George's. The town of St. George's is about 5 mi north of the airport.
PSIA AIRSTRIP
CASTRO VISIT
Fidel Castrol visit Grenada. Maurice Bishop Airport, formerly known as Point Salines Airport, is an international airport located in the parish of St. George's. Fidel Castrol visit Grenada
ENTRY TIME
Exit TIME
P.O. BOX 385 MAURICE BISHOP INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
ST. GEORGE, GRENADA W.I.
TEL: 1 (473) 444-4555/4155/4101
EMAIL: GAA@MBIAGRENADA.COM
WEB: WWW.MBIAGRENADA.COM
©2020 Grenada Airports Authority. All right reserved.
Waving Art Gallery
Maurice Bishop International Airport (M.B.I.A) formerly Point Salines International Airport (P.S.I.A) is located on a peninsula in the extreme south-western section of the Island of Grenada and seven (7) miles from the capital St. George's. Grenada is located directly north of Trinidad and is the most southern of the Windward Island chain of the Caribbean.
The Eastern Caribbean Civil Aviation Authority (ECCAA) evolved from the Directorate of Civil Aviation – Eastern Caribbean States, which may be considered as one of the oldest, if not the oldest institutions in the Eastern Caribbean region. From inception, the Directorate was seen as a vehicle for facilitating a collective and uniform approach to Civil Aviation matters affecting the then Windward and Leeward Islands, which now comprise the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) Group.


text:
Kaona (gmina Kučevo) – wieś w Serbii, w okręgu braniczewskim, w gminie Kučevo
 Kaona (gmina Lučani) – wieś w Serbii, w okręgu morawickim, w gminie Lučani
 Kaona (gmina Vladimirci) – wieś w Serbii, w okręgu maczwańskim, w gminie Vladimirci

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Know Dodson Class of 1963 graduates that are NOT on this List? Help us Update the 1963 Class List by adding missing names.
More 1963 alumni from Dodson HS have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 1963 alumni.
Missing some friends from DHS that graduated with you in 1963? Check the list below that shows the Dodson class of '63.
We also encourage you to keep up to date on news and reconnect with Dodson High School alumni.


text:
Under Capricorn is a 1983 Australian miniseries based on the novel by Helen Simpson.

It was financed by the South Australian Film Corporation.

References

External links

1980s Australian television miniseries
1984 Australian television series debuts
1984 Australian television series endings
Television shows set in colonial Australia


text:
/***
	Soobnetter
	Matt Penny 2015 (original version 2013)

	A lightweight, portable IPv4 subnet calculator.
	This is the last port/rewrite, I swear!
***/

#include "args.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "splash.h"
#include "network.h"
#include "io.h"

/* Whether or not to interactively view subnets */
int interactive = 1;

int apply_args(List* argList, Network* netw)
{
	char err[PROMPT_BUF_SIZE];
	int success = 1, syntaxShown = 0;
	ListNode* n = argList->head;
	Argument* a;

	/* Apply every command-line argument */
	while (n != NULL)
	{
		a = (Argument*)n->data;

		/* Non-interactive mode */
		if (!strcmp(a->method, "q"))
			interactive = 0;

		/* Help */
		else if (!strcmp(a->method, "?") || !strcmp(a->method, "-help"))
		{
			syntaxShown = 1;
			interactive = 0;
			io_print_syntax();
		}
		else if (success)
		{
			/* Don't break out of the loop on fail.
			The args need to be cleaned up */
			success = io_apply_arg(a, netw, err);
			if (!success)
				printf("Error: %s\nUse argument -? or --help for syntax.\n", err);
		}

		arg_free(a);
		n = n->next;
	}

	/* We need these to do anything */
	if (!success) return FALSE;
	else if (syntaxShown) return TRUE;
	else if (!netw->addr)
	{
		puts("Address not specified.");
		return FALSE;
	}
	else if (!netw->nBits)
	{
		puts("Network bits not specified.");
		return FALSE;
	}
	return TRUE;
}

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	List argList;
	Network n, subnet = {0,0};
	int firstSub, lastSub, success;

	splash_show(); /* Love me some ASCII art */

	/* Parse args if they are present */
	if (argc > 1)
	{
		list_init(&argList);
		args_enumerate(argc-1, argv+1, &argList);
		success = apply_args(&argList, &subnet);
		list_free(&argList);
		if (!success) return EXIT_FAILURE;
		addr_to_netaddr(&subnet.addr, &n.addr);
		n.nBits = subnet.nBits;
	}
	else
	{
		/* Get host/subnet address from the user */
		io_get_netw(&subnet);
		addr_to_netaddr(&subnet.addr, &n.addr);
		n.nBits = subnet.nBits;
		io_print_netw(&n, &subnet);
	}

	/* Soobnetting time! */
	while (interactive && io_get_subnetting())
	{
		io_get_subnet_range(&n, &firstSub, &lastSub);
		io_print_subnets(&n, firstSub, lastSub);
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
In re Grand Jury Subpoena: Upholding Order Compelling Attorney Grand Jury Testimony Based on Crime-Fraud Exception to Attorney-Client Privilege
In In re Grand Jury Subpoena, No. 21-11596 (June 25, 2021) (Jordan, Newsom, Lagoa), the Court upheld an order granting the government's motion to compel an attorney's testimony to a grand jury.
The attorney was the lawyer in charge of the campaign of a political candidate who was under criminal investigation. While the attorney claimed that his testimony was protected by the attorney-client privilege, the Court agreed with the district court that the communications fell into the crime-fraud exception to the privilege. First, the Court held that the government made a prima facie showing of federal wire fraud by the candidate stemming from the diversion of, and failure to report, funds solicited by and donated to the campaign. Second, the Court held that the attorney's communications with the campaign were sufficiently related to the wire-fraud scheme. Although courts have articulated different standards of relatedness, the more restrictive standard—requiring the communications to have furthered the criminal purpose—was met here because the lawyer was aware of the personal expenditures and then revised and reviewed the misleading disclosure forms.
Henry: Adjustment for Undischarged State Sentence Under USSG 5B1.3(b) is Advisory, Not Mandatory
In United States v. Henry, No. 18-15251 (June 21, 2021) (William Pryor, Grant, Antoon (MD Fla)), the Court vacated the panel opinion upon a petition for rehearing by the government and affirmed the defendant's sentence.
Contrary to the panel's original opinion, the panel now held that USSG 5G1.3 is advisory, not mandatory. After Booker, all Guidelines are advisory. There is no distinction between Guidelines that affect the sentencing "range" and those that affect the "kind of sentence" available. While the district court needed to consider 5G1.3(b) when determining the sentence recommended by the Guidelines, it was then free to exercise its discretion to impose the sentence it deemed appropriate under 3553(a). And, in any event, because the district court considered 5G1.3 and said it would impose the same sentence regardless, any error was harmless.
Chief Judge Pryor, author of the original panel opinion, dissented. Elaborating on his original opinion, he maintained that, under circuit precedent, 5B1.3(b) is mandatory, and that precedent was correct because it involves the imposition of the sentence, not the calculation of the guideline range. He also disagreed that any error here was harmless because 5G1.3(b) involves a back-end adjustment to the sentence.
Posted by Andy Adler at 6/21/2021 04:09:00 PM
Nunez: Affirming Title 46 Convictions Over Various Challenges and Clarifying that Identity of Controlled Substance is Not an Element
In United States v. Nunez et al., No. 19-14181 (June 17, 2021) (William Pryor, Grant, Tjoflat), the Court affirmed the defendants' MDLEA convictions.
First, the Court held that there was jurisdiction because the vessel was one without nationality. The "vessel without nationality" definitions in the statute were not exclusive, and the vessel here lacked nationality because it carried no documents, flew no flag, had no name or numbers, and nobody on the vessel claimed that it had nationality or registry. In addition, nobody claimed to be the master or captain, and the smugglers all played equal roles. The Court rejected the argument that this meant they were all in charge or took turns at being in charge. The Court also rejected a Second Circuit decision, which concluded that jurisdiction was lacking when three men, none of whom claimed to be the master, were not asked for a claim of nationality or registry.
Second, the Court held that the district court was not required to hold an evidentiary hearing on jurisdiction under either the Confrontation Clause or the statute. In this case, the smugglers did not identify any facts that they sought to contest or additional facts they sought to introduce. Nor did the they suffer any prejudice by the district court waiting until the end of the trial to make a final determination about jurisdiction.
Third, sufficient evidence supported the convictions. The Court clarified that its decision in Narog, which required the government to prove knowledge of the particular controlled substance alleged in the indictment, was contrary to earlier precedents and therefore is not good law. The identity of the controlled substance is not an element of the offense.
Finally, the Court rejected the argument that the district court deprived the defendants of their right to a complete defense when it prohibited them from cross-examining the government's witnesses about more than the basic details of their 10-day outdoor confinement on the vessel. That evidence was cumulative to evidence already admitted, and any error was harmless.
Anderson: Upholding Shrimping Fraud Convictions Against Multiple Challenges
In United States v. Anderson, No. 18-13947 (June 15, 2021) (Wilson, Branch, Julie Carnes), the Court affirmed the defendant's mail fraud, false statements, and money laundering convictions.
First, the Court held that the district court did not err by asking the defendant whether he knew that he had a right to testify and whether he wished to do so or waive the right. Although not required, the court's straightforward and neutral inquiry did not violate his right to testify. Nor did it render his counsel ineffective by asking what choice the defendant had made. The colloquy, which did not probe questions of strategy or suggest the court's own preference, vindicated rather than violated his constitutional rights.
Second, the district court did not abuse its discretion by failing to give a requested instruction on a particular statute that he was not charged with violating. Failure to give the instruction did not impair the defense, and the defendant was otherwise free to pursue his defenses without impediment.
Third, the Court found no reversible error under Rule 30(b) where the district court amended an erroneous draft jury instruction for mail fraud after the defendant's closing argument. The Court found no unfair prejudice, as the instructional issue had nothing to do with the theory of defense or any critical strategic decisions relating to closing argument. Nor was reversal required by the court's failure to give a curative instruction to a brief comment by the prosecutor suggesting that defense counsel had been misleading in closing.
Finally, the district court did not plainly err by giving a modified Allen charge similar to the pattern instruction. The instruction was not impermissibly coercive because the deviation from the pattern, which had been upheld previously, consisted of only minor word changes.
Montenegro: Upholding Enhancement Under 2D1.1(b)(1) for Possession of Firearm
In United States v. Montenegro, No. 19-13542 (June 11, 2021) (Branch, Grant, Tjoflat), the Court upheld an enhancement under USSG 2D1.1(b)(1) for possessing a firearm.
The Court held that the government met its burden by showing that the gun was present at the site of the drug possession charge. The burden therefore shifted to the defendant to prove that the connection between the gun and drugs was clearly improbable, and the defendant could not meet his heavy burden to do so. Although he did not have the gun with him during drug transactions, the gun was present in the home with the drugs that he was convicted of possessing with intent to distribute. Although the government agreed at sentencing that the enhancement did not apply, it was up to the district court to calculate the guidelines, and nothing prohibited the government from reversing position on appeal.
In footnote 3, the Court held that the defendant failed to preserve his objection to the district court's failure to grant him a two-level safety-valve reduction. By raising that issue in one sentence in his initial brief, and by failing to devote a discrete section of his argument to it, he failed to sufficiently raise the error on appeal. And while the defendant did make substantive arguments about it in his reply brief, the Court does not consider arguments raised for the first time in reply.
In re Grand Jury Subpoena: Upholding Order Compell...
Henry: Adjustment for Undischarged State Sentence ...
Nunez: Affirming Title 46 Convictions Over Various...
Anderson: Upholding Shrimping Fraud Convictions Ag...
Montenegro: Upholding Enhancement Under 2D1.1(b)(1...


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text:
Q: Is D's grammar really context-free? I've posted this on the D newsgroup some months ago, but for some reason, the answer never really convinced me, so I thought I'd ask it here.

The grammar of D is apparently context-free.
The grammar of C++, however, isn't (even without macros). (Please read this carefully!)
Now granted, I know nothing (officially) about compilers, lexers, and parsers. All I know is from what I've learned on the web.
And here is what (I believe) I have understood regarding context, in not-so-technical lingo:

The grammar of a language is context-free if and only if you can always understand the meaning (though not necessarily the exact behavior) of a given piece of its code without needing to "look" anywhere else.

Or, in even less rigor:

The grammar cannot be context-free if I need I can't tell the type of an expression just by looking at it.

So, for example, C++ fails the context-free test because the meaning of confusing<sizeof(x)>::q < 3 > (2) depends on the value of q.
So far, so good.
Now my question is: Can the same thing be said of D?
In D, hashtables can be created through a Value[Key] declaration, for example
int[string] peoplesAges;   // Maps names to ages

Static arrays can be defined in a similar syntax:
int[3] ages;   // Array of 3 elements

And templates can be used to make them confusing:
template Test1(T...)
{
    alias int[T[0]] Test;
}

template Test2(U...)
{
    alias int[U] Test2;  // LGTM
}

Test1!(5) foo;
Test1!(int) bar;
Test2!(int) baz;  // Guess what? It's invalid code.

This means that I cannot tell the meaning of T[0] or U just by looking at it (i.e. it could be a number, it could be a data type, or it could be a tuple of God-knows-what). I can't even tell if the expression is grammatically valid (since int[U] certainly isn't -- you can't have a hashtable with tuples as keys or values).
Any parsing tree that I attempt to make for Test would fail to make any sense (since it would need to know whether the node contains a data type versus a literal or an identifier) unless it delays the result until the value of T is known (making it context-dependent).
Given this, is D actually context-free, or am I misunderstanding the concept?
Why/why not?

Update:
I just thought I'd comment: It's really interesting to see the answers, since:

*

*Some answers claim that C++ and D can't be context-free

*Some answers claim that C++ and D are both context-free

*Some answers support the claim that C++ is context-sensitive while D isn't

*No one has yet claimed that C++ is context-free while D is context-sensitive :-)

I can't tell if I'm learning or getting more confused, but either way, I'm kind of glad I asked this... thanks for taking the time to answer, everyone!

A: There is a construct in D's lexer:
string ::= q" Delim1 Chars newline Delim2 "

where Delim1 and Delim2 are matching identifiers, and Chars does not contain newline Delim2.
This construct is context sensitive, therefore D's lexer grammar is context sensitive.
It's been a few years since I've worked with D's grammar much, so I can't remember all the trouble spots off the top of my head, or even if any of them make D's parser grammar context sensitive, but I believe they do not. From recall, I would say D's grammar is context free, not LL(k) for any k, and it has an obnoxious amount of ambiguity.

A:
The grammar cannot be context-free if I need I can't tell the type of
  an expression just by looking at it.

No, that's flat out wrong. The grammar cannot be context-free if you can't tell if it is an expression just by looking at it and the parser's current state (am I in a function, in a namespace, etc).
The type of an expression, however, is a semantic meaning, not syntactic, and the parser and the grammar do not give a penny about types or semantic validity or whether or not you can have tuples as values or keys in hashmaps, or if you defined that identifier before using it.
The grammar doesn't care what it means, or if that makes sense. It only cares about what it is.

A: To answer the question of if a programming language is context free you must first decide where to draw the line between syntax and semantics. As an extreme example, it is illegal in C for a program to use the value of some kinds of integers after they have been allowed to overflow. Clearly this can't be checked at compile time, let alone parse time:
void Fn() {
  int i = INT_MAX;
  FnThatMightNotReturn();  // halting problem?
  i++;
  if(Test(i)) printf("Weeee!\n");
}

As a less extreme example that others have pointed out, deceleration before use rules can't be enforced in a context free syntax so if you wish to keep your syntax pass context free, then that must be deferred to the next pass.
As a practical definition, I would start with the question of: Can you correctly and unambiguously determine the parse tree of all correct programs using a context free grammar and, for all incorrect programs (that the language requires be rejected), either reject them as syntactically invalid or produce a parse tree that the later passes can identify as invalid and reject?
Given that the most correct spec for the D syntax is a parser (IIRC an LL parser) I strongly suspect that it is in fact context free by the definition I suggested.

Note: the above says nothing about what grammar the language documentation or a given parser uses, only if a context free grammar exists. Also, the only full documentation on the D language is the source code of the compiler DMD.

A: Being context free is first a property of generative grammars.  It means that what a non-terminal can generate will not depend on the context in which the non-terminal appears (in non context-free generative grammar, the very notion of "string generated by a given non-terminal" is in general difficult to define).  This doesn't prevent the same string of symbols to be generated by two non-terminals (so for the same strings of symbols to appear in two different contexts with a different meaning) and has nothing to do with type checking.
It is common to extend the context-free definition from grammars to language by stating that a language is context-free if there is at least one context free grammar describing it.
In practice, no programming language is context-free because things like "a variable must be declared before it is used" can't be checked by a context-free grammar (they can be checked by some other kinds of grammars). This isn't bad, in practice the rules to be checked are divided in two: those you want to check with the grammar and those you check in a semantic pass (and this division also allows for better error reporting and recovery, so you sometimes want to accept more in the grammar than what would be possible in order to give your users better diagnostics).
What people mean by stating that C++ isn't context-free is that doing this division isn't possible in a convenient way (with convenient including as criteria "follows nearly the official language description" and "my parser generator tool support that kind of division"; allowing the grammar to be ambiguous and the ambiguity to be resolved by the semantic check is an relatively easy way to do the cut for C++ and follow quite will the C++ standard, but it is inconvenient when you are relying on tools which don't allow ambiguous grammars, when you have such tools, it is convenient).
I don't know enough about D to know if there is or not a convenient cut of the language rules in a context-free grammar with semantic checks, but what you show is far from proving the case there isn't.

A: These answers are making my head hurt.
First of all, the complications with low level languages and figuring out whether they are context-free or not, is that the language you write in is often processed in many steps.
In C++ (order may be off, but that shouldn't invalidate my point):

*

*it has to process macros and other preprocessor stuffs

*it has to interpret templates

*it finally interprets your code.

Because the first step can change the context of the second step and the second step can change the context of the third step, the language YOU write in (including all of these steps) is context sensitive.
The reason people will try and defend a language (stating it is context-free) is, because the only exceptions that adds context are the traceable preprocessor statements and template calls. You only have to follow two restricted exceptions to the rules to pretend the language is context-free.
Most languages are context-sensitive overall, but most languages only have these minor exceptions to being context-free.

A: The property of being context free is a very formal concept; you can find a definition here. Note that it applies to grammars: a language is said to be context free if there is at least one context free grammar that recognizes it. Note that there may be other grammars, possibly non context free, that recognize the same language.
Basically what it means is that the definition of a language element cannot change according to which elements surround it. By language elements I mean concepts like expressions and identifiers and not specific instances of these concepts inside programs, like a + b or count.
Let's try and build a concrete example. Consider this simple COBOL statement:
   01 my-field PICTURE 9.9 VALUE 9.9.

Here I'm defining a field, i.e. a variable, which is dimensioned to hold one integral digit, the decimal point, and one decimal digit, with initial value 9.9 . A very incomplete grammar for this could be:
field-declaration ::= level-number identifier 'PICTURE' expression 'VALUE' expression '.'
expression ::= digit+ ( '.' digit+ )

Unfortunately the valid expressions that can follow PICTURE are not the same valid expressions that can follow VALUE. I could rewrite the second production in my grammar as follows:
'PICTURE' expression ::= digit+ ( '.' digit+ ) | 'A'+ | 'X'+
'VALUE' expression ::= digit+ ( '.' digit+ )

This would make my grammar context-sensitive, because expression would be a different thing according to whether it was found after 'PICTURE' or after 'VALUE'. However, as it has been pointed out, this doesn't say anything about the underlying language. A better alternative would be:
field-declaration ::= level-number identifier 'PICTURE' format 'VALUE' expression '.'
format ::= digit+ ( '.' digit+ ) | 'A'+ | 'X'+
expression ::= digit+ ( '.' digit+ )

which is context-free.
As you can see this is very different from your understanding. Consider:
a = b + c;

There is very little you can say about this statement without looking up the declarations of a,b and c, in any of the languages for which this is a valid statement, however this by itself doesn't imply that any of those languages is not context free. Probably what is confusing you is the fact that context freedom is different from ambiguity. This a simplified version of your C++ example:
a < b > (c)

This is ambiguous in that by looking at it alone you cannot tell whether this is a function template call or a boolean expression. The previous example on the other hand is not ambiguous; From the point of view of grammars it can only be interpreted as:
identifier assignment identifier binary-operator identifier semi-colon

In some cases you can resolve ambiguities by introducing context sensitivity at the grammar level. I don't think this is the case with the ambiguous example above: in this case you cannot eliminate the ambiguity without knowing whether a is a template or not. Note that when such information is not available, for instance when it depends on a specific template specialization, the language provides ways to resolve ambiguities: that is why you sometimes have to use typename to refer to certain types within templates or to use template when you call member function templates.

A: There are already a lot of good answers, but since you are uninformed about grammars, parsers and compilers etc, let me demonstrate this by an example.
First, the concept of grammars are quite intuitive. Imagine a set of rules:
S -> a T
T -> b G t
T -> Y d
b G -> a Y b
Y -> c
Y -> lambda (nothing)

And imagine you start with S. The capital letters are non-terminals and the small letters are terminals. This means that if you get a sentence of all terminals, you can say the grammar generated that sentence as a "word" in the language. Imagine such substitutions with the above grammar (The phrase between *phrase* is the one being replaced):
*S* -> a *T* -> a *b G* t -> a a *Y* b t -> a a b t

So, I could create aabt with this grammar.
Ok, back to main line.
Let us assume a simple language. You have numbers, two types (int and string) and variables. You can do multiplication on integers and addition on strings but not the other way around.
First thing you need, is a lexer. That is usually a regular grammar (or equal to it, a DFA, or equally a regular expression) that matches the program tokens. It is common to express them in regular expressions. In our example:
(I'm making these syntaxes up)
number: [1-9][0-9]*    // One digit from 1 to 9, followed by any number
                       // of digits from 0-9
variable: [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]*  // You get the idea. First a-z or A-Z or _
                                  // then as many a-z or A-Z or _ or 0-9
                                  // this is similar to C
int: 'i' 'n' 't'
string: 's' 't' 'r' 'i' 'n' 'g'
equal: '='
plus: '+'
multiply: '*'

whitespace: (' ' or '\n' or '\t' or '\r')*   // to ignore this type of token

So, now you got a regular grammar, tokenizing your input, but it understands nothing of the structure.
Then you need a parser. The parser, is usually a context free grammar. A context free grammar means, in the grammar you only have single nonterminals on the left side of grammar rules. In the example in the beginning of this answer, the rule
b G -> a Y b

makes the grammar context-sensitive because on the left you have b G and not just G. What does this mean?
Well, when you write a grammar, each of the nonterminals have a meaning. Let's write a context-free grammar for our example (| means or. As if writing many rules in the same line):
program -> statement program | lambda
statement -> declaration | executable
declaration -> int variable | string variable
executable -> variable equal expression
expression -> integer_type | string_type
integer_type -> variable multiply variable |
                variable multiply number |
                number multiply variable |
                number multiply number
string_type -> variable plus variable

Now this grammar can accept this code:
x = 1*y
int x
string y
z = x+y

Grammatically, this code is correct. So, let's get back to what context-free means. As you can see in the example above, when you expand executable, you generate one statement of the form variable = operand operator operand without any consideration which part of code you are at. Whether the very beginning or middle, whether the variables are defined or not, or whether the types match, you don't know and you don't care.
Next, you need semantics. This is were context-sensitive grammars come into play. First, let me tell you that in reality, no one actually writes a context sensitive grammar (because parsing it is too difficult), but rather bit pieces of code that the parser calls when parsing the input (called action routines. Although this is not the only way). Formally, however, you can define all you need. For example, to make sure you define a variable before using it, instead of this
executable -> variable equal expression

you have to have something like:
declaration some_code executable -> declaration some_code variable equal expression

more complex though, to make sure the variable in declaration matches the one being calculated.
Anyway, I just wanted to give you the idea. So, all these things are context-sensitive:

*

*Type checking

*Number of arguments to function

*default value to function

*if member exists in obj in code: obj.member

*Almost anything that's not like: missing ; or }
I hope you got an idea what are the differences (If you didn't, I'd be more than happy to explain).
So in summary:

*

*Lexer uses a regular grammar to tokenize input

*Parser uses a context-free grammar to make sure the program is in correct structure

*Semantic analyzer uses a context-sensitive grammar to do type-checking, parameter matching etc etc

It is not necessarily always like that though. This just shows you how each level needs to get more powerful to be able to do more stuff. However, each of the mentioned compiler levels could in fact be more powerful.
For example, one language that I don't remember, used array subscription and function call both with parentheses and therefore it required the parser to go look up the type (context-sensitive related stuff) of the variable and determine which rule (function_call or array_substitution) to take.
If you design a language with lexer that has regular expressions that overlap, then you would need to also look up the context to determine which type of token you are matching.
To get to your question! With the example you mentioned, it is clear that the c++ grammar is not context-free. The language D, I have absolutely no idea, but you should be able to reason about it now. Think of it this way: In a context free grammar, a nonterminal can expand without taking into consideration anything, BUT the structure of the language. Similar to what you said, it expands, without "looking" anywhere else.
A familiar example would be natural languages. For example in English, you say:
sentence -> subject verb object clause
clause -> .... | lambda

Well, sentence and clause are nonterminals here. With this grammar you can create these sentences:
I go there because I want to

or
I jump you that I is air

As you can see, the second one has the correct structure, but is meaningless. As long as a context free grammar is concerned, the meaning doesn't matter. It just expands verb to whatever verb without "looking" at the rest of the sentence.
So if you think D has to at some point check how something was defined elsewhere, just to say the program is structurally correct, then its grammar is not context-free. If you isolate any part of the code and it still can say that it is structurally correct, then it is context-free.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Review: The de Lacy Inheritance by Elizabeth Ashworth
The de Lacy Inheritance
by Elizabeth Ashworth
Myrmidon Books
SYNOPSIS: Using characters known to recorded history—including one to become the real Sheriff of Nottingham—Elizabeth Ashworth weaves a tale of loves lost and found during the exile of Richard the Lionheart.
Richard Fitz-Eustace's return from Palestine is far from joyous. Damned by leprosy, he must bid his family a final and sorrowful farewell and leave his estates at Halton Castle forever. Condemned to shun the company of others, he must now find a place of solitude where he can seek forgiveness for sins committed in the Holy Land for which he is certain he has earned God's curse. Resolved to live out his life as a hermit, he journeys north into the newly named county of Lancashire. But this is no arbitrary journey; there is one last obligation to be undertaken for his grandmother—he must seek out her kinsman, Sir Robert de Lacy, at Cliderhou Castle and there press his consideration of her claim to his estate. While at Halton, Richard's headstrong 14-year-old sister Johanna is distraught. Her other brother, ruthless and ambitious Roger, has returned to take his place as head of the family. He and Johanna's mother have contrived a marriage for her to a wealthy old landowner, and without Richard's protection there seems little she can do about it—unless of course she can escape and find him.
Being short myself, I've always subscribed to the "good things come in small packages" mentality, and now I can apply that to the new novel by Elizabeth Ashworth, The de Lacy Inheritance . At 280 pages this short book packs a powerful and emotional punch that I wasn't quite expecting!
Richard has just returned home from fighting the infidels in the Crusades, but the homecoming is bittersweet as he has returned with leprosy and as such, must be declared dead by a priest, banished from his childhood home and cut off from his family. Before leaving he promises his grandmother that he will find her cousin, Robert de Lacy and help ensure her inheritance. Although they aren't the only ones who expect to inherit the de Lacy lands and Richard must work carefully to secure his family's rights without revealing who he is.
From the very beginning I felt an immediate liking for Richard and sympathized with his plight. The first few pages had me teary eyed as he receives the Mass of Separation from his priest that takes away everything he has ever held dear - his home, his family and any hope of a meaningful future. His love of his family, unfailing devotion to God and constant atonement for his one moment of weakness is endearing. I seriously wanted to jump through the pages and hug him!
I didn't really expect to love this book as much as I do and I expect that Richard will be staying with me for a long time. There was never a point in the book where I was bored, once started it was a quick read that kept me entranced. Elizabeth Ashworth has earned a fan in me and I look forward to future books from her.
For more information, please visit Elizabeth Ashworth's WEBSITE.
FTC DISCLOSURE: Thank you to the author for sending me her fantastic book for review!
Labels: 12th Century, Elizabeth Ashworth, England, reviews
I am super excited to have an interview with the lovely Barbara Kyle, author of the Thornleigh series, today here at Passages to the Past!! The third book in the series, The Queen's Captive will be released tomorrow, September 1st, so Happy Early Release Day to Barbara! And I have 2 copies of The Queen's Captive up for grabs so make sure you enter at the bottom of this post.
Welcome Barbara and thank you for stopping by and answering a few questions!
First, let me say it's a pleasure to be a guest at "Passages to the Past." The site is a real treat – a treasure trove of info on the genre. Thanks for that, Amy.
Have you always been a fan of historical fiction? If so, do you remember how and when it started?
I've been a fan of historical fiction for as long as I can remember. When I was about eleven I got a book from the library, a YA bio of Eleanor of Aquitaine, that transported me to twelfth-century England and France and left me in a happy daze. I was hooked. In my teens I gobbled up Leon Uris's novels, my favorites being TRINITY and MILA 18 , and then the late, great Edith Pargeter's wonderful novels of Wales in the Middle Ages. You recently featured Pargeter on "Passages to the Past," which was much appreciated.
To this day, the books that have thrilled me most – the books that I stayed up late reading, and in fact that made me look forward to bed just so I could go on reading them – have been historical novels, usually big, saga-type stories: James Michener's THE SOURCE , James Clavell's SHOGUN , Margaret Mitchell's GONE WITH THE WIND , Larry McMurtry's LONESOME DOVE, Herman Wouk's THE WINDS OF WAR. A few months ago I reread SHOGUN and marvelled all over again at its narrative vitality and the thrilling scope of Clavell's depiction of the life-and-death political and social currents in 16th century Japan. In fact, I would happily re-read all of the books I listed above.
Two other favorite novels set in the past are A.S. Byatt's mesmerizing Possession and Ian McEwan's masterpiece, Atonement .
Why did you choose to set your Thornleigh series in the time of the Tudors? Are you a big Tudor fan?
Actually, it wasn't the Tudor monarchs who drew me to write the first of these novels, THE QUEEN'S LADY . I was drawn by the paradox of Sir Thomas More. He was Henry VIII's chancellor, and famously went to the execution block because he refused to sanction Henry's divorce from Katherine of Aragon. I say paradox, because More was a brilliant scholar and a loving father, but as chancellor of England he banned books and burned men. In THE QUEEN'S LADY I created a character, Honor Larke, to be More's ward, and my story turns on Honor's passionate conflict with her once-beloved guardian as she tries to save his victims from the stake, enlisting rogue ship-captain Richard Thornleigh in her missions.
I found these characters so engaging – and, I'm happy to say, so did readers – that I wrote a sequel, THE KING'S DAUGHTER , featuring Honor and Richard's daughter, Isabel. It's set in 1554 when Henry VIII's bitter daughter, Queen Mary, launches her reign with a vow to annihilate heretics, and Isabel must act quickly to save her family. Determined to rescue her father from prison, she entrusts her mission, and herself, to a ruthless soldier of fortune, Carlos Valverde. I'm delighted that so many readers have found Honor and Isabel such appealing heroes.
The ending of The Queen's Captive seems like there could possibly be another book in the series, maybe one based more on Adam? Will there be a 4th book in the series?
There sure is. It's the book I'm currently writing, mentioned above. Adam Thornleigh does play a role in it, captaining his ship in daring raids against the French fleet off Edinburgh. He is captured and faces execution. OK having, I hope, whetted your readers' appetites with that tidbit, let me leave Adam there and say that the story in fact centers on his sister Isabel (she of the adventures in the Wyatt Rebellion in THE KING'S DAUGHTER) and her Spanish soldier husband, Carlos Valverde. Isabel and Carlos return from the New World with their young son, only to be swept up in the Scottish crisis when Queen Elizabeth enlists Isabel to secretly take money to help the Scottish rebels fight the French. But when Carlos is sent to Scotland as a Spanish military advisor to the French troops, he and Isabel find they are on opposite sides in this deadly "cold" war, and the Queen has made their little boy her hostage. The book will be published in mid-2011.
You give writing courses and workshops, so I know you have tons of good advice for first time writers. What is the best advice you can give to an aspiring historical fiction writer?
In my workshops I enjoy getting across to aspiring writers the importance – and the thrill – of being in control of story structure, and of creating a proactive and empathetic protagonist. Learning about story structure can be a "light bulb" moment for new writers. I also give Master Classes for emerging writers who have a novel in progress. Several who've attended have now been published.
As for advice, my agent, Al Zuckerman, when asked to give one piece of advice to aspiring writers, said, "Be willing to work your ass off." That's about right! Talent takes you only so far. Successful writers know that it's the daily slog that produces results – what author Tim O'Brien calls, "the hard-lifting, heavy-duty, day-by-day, unending labor of a fiction writer." My advice is to embrace that reality.
As for the aspiring writer of historical fiction specifically, I'd say be careful to not let the research become a tyrant. All HF writers do lots of research, because historical fact is the basis of historical fiction, but the research has a tendency to take over and crowd out the writer's imagination. As journalists wryly advise: Never let the facts get in the way of a good story. Readers may be attracted to a historical novel for the history, but they stay with a book – and fall in love with it – because they care deeply about the characters. So give your characters compelling stories, wherever the historical chips may fall.
I saw from your website that you attended the Historical Novel Conference in Chicago in 2009, will you be attending in 2011? A few other bloggers and I are hoping to meet there and I'm wondering if you would tell us a little of what to expect.
Yes, the Historical Novel Society is a great group. At the conference they asked me to speak on a panel where the topic was: "Is Sex necessary in a Historical Novel?" There were four other authors on the panel who all gave very thoughtful views about "Is Sex Necessary." When it was my turn I said, "The short answer is: Yes. The long answer is: Yes, duh!"
I do recommend the HNS conferences. They offer workshops and panel discussions with all sorts of HF authors, and there's always an excellent keynote speaker at the dinner. In Chicago in 2009 it was Sharon Kay Penman. And the keynote speaker at the luncheon was Trish Todd, vice president and editor-in-chief of Touchstone Fireside, an imprint of Simon & Schuster.
A choice moment at the conference in 2009 was a comment from panellist Karen Essex, a very successful HF author, recalling a life‐changing moment in the midst of her busy career as a university professor. She said, "I woke up one night just after my 30th birthday and thought 'Oh my God, I forgot to be a writer!'"
This is a two part question. You started your career out as an actor in Canada and have been in movies, sitcoms, daytime dramas and the theater. What lessons that you learned while acting have you been able to use also with writing?
My acting career was great preparation for writing. Twenty years of working with scripts gave me a bone-deep sense of dramatic structure. However, that took me only so far, because acting is an interpretive art, whereas writing is pure creation, and consequently I had no real idea of how to be in control of the dynamic elements of story structure. So I had to learn the hard way, as every new writer does, by trial and error. In other words: write, and rewrite, and rewrite, and rewrite. There is no other way to master the craft.
I would add that being an actor taught me how to write dynamic dialogue. Actors know that people often don't say what they mean, or, indeed, mean what they say. Actors play what's called subtext – that is, the real meaning behind a person's words. What does this character want?– that's what an actor plays. It's helped me write convincing and dramatic scenes of dialogue.
What are you reading now?
Mostly biographies as research for the book I'm currently writing. I did recently take a break from that to read Aravind Adiga's THE WHITE TIGER which won the 2008 Booker Prize, and I was captivated by it. And I've just read an advance copy of a searing debut novel called SAVING MAX by Antoinette van Heugten that my agent asked me to read to give a quote for the cover.
As for having my nose stuck in research books, it's no hardship, believe me, since I'm endlessly fascinated by the Tudor period. It's for the novel I'm writing, which is #4 in my "Thornleigh" series. The story is set in Scotland in 1560 during the first international crisis of the 26-year-old Queen Elizabeth's reign. She'd been queen for less than a year when John Knox led a Protestant rebellion against Scotland's French overlords. In response, the French landed thousands of troops in Edinburgh to crush the rebels, and this massive troop build-up made Elizabeth fear that France would use Scotland as a base to invade England. So I'm reading about John Knox, and Scotland's Queen Regent (Mary de Guise, the mother of Mary Queen of Scots), and of course lots about Elizabeth.
If you could read any one book again for the first time, which one would it be?
THE QUEEN'S LADY – not as its author, but as a reader!
For more information, visit Barbara Kyle's WEBSITE.
GIVEAWAY INFORMATION:
Passages to the Past has 2 copies of The Queen's Captive up for grabs, thanks to the generosity of Barbara Kyle!
- Giveaway is open to US/Canada entries ONLY.
- To enter, please complete form at bottom of post.
- For +1 additional entry each, please help spread the word about this giveaway: write a blog post, post on sidebar, tweet or facebook to get extra entries!
- Giveaway ends on September 14th.
SYNOPSIS: England, 1554. In the wake of the failed Wyatt Rebellion, a vengeful Queen Mary has ordered all conspirators captured and executed. Among the imprisoned is her own sister, twenty-one-year-old Princess Elizabeth. Though she protests her innocence, Elizabeth-s brave stand only angers Mary more.
Elizabeth longs to gain her liberty-and her sister-s crown. In Honor and Richard Thornleigh and their son, Adam, the young princess has loyal allies. Disgusted by Queen Mary-s proclaimed intent to burn heretics, Honor visits Elizabeth in the Tower and they quickly become friends. And when Adam foils a would-be assassin, Elizabeth-s gratitude swells into a powerful-and mutual-attraction. But while Honor is willing to risk her own safety for her future queen, aiding in a new rebellion against the wrathful Mary will soon lead her to an impossible choice-
Riveting, masterfully written, and rich in intricate details, The Queen-s Captive brings one of history-s most fascinating and treacherous periods to vibrant, passionate life.
Labels: author interviews, Barbara Kyle, Giveaway
Announcing the Susan Holloway Scott Collection MEGA Giveaway!!!
I am so THRILLED to bring you one of my biggest giveaways of the year!
In honor of the release of The Countess and the King , Passages to the Past, with thanks to Susan Holloway Scott, has Susan's entire bibliography up for grabs! Yep, that's right babes....you could win all FIVE of Susan's books including my favorite read of the year, The Countess and the King !!! All together now, THANK YOU SUSAN!!!
The Susan Holloway Scott Giveaway Extravaganza includes:
Duchess: A Novel of Sarah Churchill
Royal Harlot: A Novel of the Countess Castlemaine and King Charles II
The Countess and the King: A Novel of the Countess of Dorcester and King James II
The King's Favourite: A Novel of Nell Gwyn and King Charles II
The French Mistress: A Novel of the Duchess of Portsmouth and King Charles II
- To enter, please complete the form below.
Additional Entries:
For +1 extra entry each, please blog, post on sidebar, tweet or facebook about this giveaway.
For +5 extra entries, attend the Passages to the Past AUTHOR CHAT NIGHT w/ SUSAN HOLLOWAY SCOTT on September 13th from 6:00 - 7:00 pm EST.
GOOD LUCK TO YOU ALL!!!!!
Posted by Passages to the Past at 11:28 AM 21 lovely comments
Labels: Giveaway, Susan Holloway Scott
giveaway winners for The Killing Way by Tony Hays and The Russian Concubine by Kate Furnivall
Please help me congratulate the following winners....
The four lucky readers who won a signed copy of The Killing Way by Tony Hays are...
Carol Wong
Heather Figearo from Raging Bibliomania
Heidi from Musings from Mom
librarypat
And the winner of The Russian Concubine by Kate Furnivall is...
Vera from Luxury Reading
Thanks again to all who entered and helped spread the word and to Tony Hays and Penguin Publishing for providing the giveaway copies.
Stay tuned for my next HUGE giveaway in honor of the release of The Countess and The King by Susan Holloway Scott!!!
His Last Letter: Elizabeth I and the Earl of Leicester
by Jeane Westin
Publisher: NAL Trade
SYNOPSIS: One of the greatest loves of all time-between Elizabeth I and Robert Dudley-comes to life in this vivid novel.
They were playmates as children, impetuous lovers as adults-and for thirty years were the center of each others' lives. Astute to the dangers of choosing any one man, the Virgin Queen could never give her "Sweet Robin" what he wanted most-marriage- yet she insisted he stay close by her side. Possessive and jealous, their love survived quarrels, his two disastrous marriages to other women, her constant flirtations, and political machinations with foreign princes.
His Last Letter tells the story of this great love... and especially of the last three years Elizabeth and Dudley spent together, the most dangerous of her rule, when their passion was tempered by a bittersweet recognition of all that they shared-and all that would remain unfulfilled.
In Jeane Westin's sophomore release she tackles one of the most intriguing love stories in history...that of Queen Elizabeth I of England and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.
His Last Letter focuses on the last three years that Elizabeth and Robert were together before his death and alternately goes back to various pivotal points in their relationship. I thought the author did a fantastic job at this, giving the reader glimpses of their tempetuous past and then bringing it back to their final years, showing how those events transformed their relationship (though I wish she would have touched on the death of Robert's wife Amy a bit more).
"Always she must deny her woman's wants, a queen outside, a woman inside."
Westin's characterization of Elizabeth reads true and I felt she gave her a great voice. Not only did Elizabeth have to be strong to survive in a world dominated by men, but she also had a constant battle of wills raging between her head and heart when it came to Dudley. Their bond, forged in childhood, sealed while they were both prisoners in the tower and was tested relentlessly throughout their lives; Elizabeth's wooing of foreign princes to satisfy her council fueled Robert's jealousy, Robert's marriage to Amy Robsart and her subsequent scandalous death and again when Robert secretly married Lettice Knowlys, Elizabeth's cousin, all threatened to shatter their entanglement but their love would prove too deep. Elizabeth would banish him, and in the next breathe send for him to return to her again, never able to be parted long from her sweet Robin.
Engaging, heartfelt and touching, I highly recommend His Last Letter and am very much looking forward to future novels by Jeane Westin.
Click HERE to read my interview with Jeane Westin, where she talks about her next project, what she admires most about Elizabeth I and her opinion on the death of Amy Robsart.
Visit Jeane Westin's WEBSITE.
FTC DISCLOSURE: I received this book for review from the publisher.
Labels: 16th Century, Elizabeth I, England, Jeane Westin, Robert Dudley
this can't wait until next Mailbox Monday!!
Never have I wanted to hug my postman so much in my life! I got 2 packages today that made me super duper excited and there is no way I can wait until next Monday to share them!
The first book is one that you heard me gush about a few months ago, Elizabeth I by Margaret George!! And OMG, the cover is the most gorgeous thing I've ever seen! And I am SO pleased to tell you that Margaret George has agreed for an author interview here at Passages to the Past!! It will most likely take place in late March 2011 and I am so excited, but very nervous!
SYNOPSIS: One of today's premier historical novelists, Margaret George dazzles here as she tackles her most difficult subject yet: the legendary Elizabeth Tudor, queen of enigma - the Virgin Queen who had many suitors, the victor of the Armada who hated war; the gorgeously attired, jewel-bedecked woman who pinched pennies. England's greatest monarch has baffled and intrigued the world for centuries. But what was she really like?
In this novel, her flame-haired, look-alike cousin, Lettice Knollys, thinks she knows all too well. Elizabeth's rival for the love of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and mother to the Earl of Essex, the mercurial nobleman who challenged Elizabeth's throne, Lettice has been intertwined with Elizabeth since childhood. This is a story of two women of fierce intellect and desire, one trying to protect her country, and throne, the other trying to regain power and position for her family. Their rivalry, and it's ensuing drama, soon involves everyone close to Elizabeth, from the famed courtiers who enriched the crown to the legendary poets and playwrights who paid homage to it with their works. Intimate portraits of the personalities who made the Elizabethan Age great - Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dudley, Raleigh, Drake - fill these pages, giving us an unforgettable glimpse of a queen who ruled as much from the heart as from the head, and considered herself married to her people.
Oh man is it going to be hard not diving right into it! Patience grasshopper...
The next package was equally deelish....you know of my love of the works of Helen Hollick, so I cannot wait to read this one! The Forever Queen (previously published under the title, A Hollow Crown) will be released on November 1, 2010. And Helen has also agreed to come back for another interview in late October!
And I was so surprised to see that I was quoted in the beginning of the book....so cool to see my site in print!!
SYNOPSIS: In 1022, when Emma vowed to give her soul to England, she never could have imaged how very far she would have to take that promise. Fed up with her incompetent husband and determined to save her people, Emma must take matters into her own hands. But can she risk everything on a gamble that could rescue a country-but ruin the rest of her life?
This vivid and compelling tale reveals the unmatched life of Queen Emma-the only woman to have been anointed, crowned, and reigning queen to two different kings; the mother of two more; and the great aunt of William the Conqueror.
Posted by Passages to the Past at 9:04 PM 21 lovely comments
Labels: Helen Hollick, Margaret George
If you're a regular to this blog, then you have probably heard me rave about Anna Elliott and her Trystan and Isolde books. I just finished my second reading of Twilight of Avalon and I liked it even better than the first time around, if that's possible. I am now moving to the second book in the series, Dark Moon of Avalon and to be honest I was kinda feeling bummed because I knew I'd be going through withdrawals once that's read! But, now author Anna Elliott has come to the rescue! She has written a short story based off of a minor character in Twilight of Avalon and has posted it for FREE on her site, though you can also pay $.99 and get it downloaded from Amazon (more info below).
You can bet I downloaded it faster than you can say Avalon and used materials at work to bind it, so I have a purty little story and can't wait to devour it!
I think this is a FABULOUS idea....not only does it give her current fans a little something special, but for the people who haven't read her, this will give them the opportunity to check out her writing style and get the feel of the books, which I know will make a lot of you guys fall in love with her!
The Witch Queen's Secret is available for free in various e-reader and printer compatible forms on my website here. Or (because of Amazon policy) it's available for 99 cents on the Kindle store here.
The Witch Queen's Secret features a minor character from Twilight of Avalon, but it's self-contained; you don't at all have to have read any of the Twilight of Avalon trilogy to understand it. A bit more about the story:
In the shadow of King Arthur's Britain, a young mother will need all her courage to save the Queen's castle from the hands of a traitor…
Dera owes Britain's former High Queen Isolde her life. But as an army harlot, the life she leads is one of degradation and often desperate danger, with small hope for the future either for Dera or for her small son.
Through a Britain torn by war with Saxon invaders, Dera makes her way to Dinas Emrys, last stronghold of Britain's army, to beg Queen Isolde's help once more. Isolde offers Dera a new life, both for herself and for her child. But when Dera and Isolde uncover a treasonous plot, Dera must leave her little boy and undertake a dangerous mission, the outcome of which comes to her as a stunning, but wonderful, surprise.
And as she risks her life, Dera also draws nearer to Queen Isolde's most closely-guarded secret: one that Britain's courageous witch-queen may be hiding even from herself.
Happy Reading!!!
Visit Anna's WEBSITE.
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Mary Holt-USA TODAY Sports
Tampa Bay Vipers
Los Angeles Wildcats
Tampa Bay Vipers at LA Wildcats 3/8/20 - XFL Picks & Predictions
Updated: 3/3/20
Los Angeles Wildcats vs Tampa Bay Vipers Odds & Info
Los Angeles Wildcats vs Tampa Bay Vipers
Sunday March 8, 2020, 9:00 PM (EDT)
Dignity Health Sports Park Dignity Health Sports Park Tennis Stadium, Carson, Los Angeles County, California, 90746, USA
LA -1 O/U 41
Defenders vs BattleHawks - Sunday 3/8/20 - XFL Expert Picks & Free Predictions
The Tampa Bay Vipers are playing great heading into this week. The Vipers in their last game were able to beat the DC Defenders. However, the win was the first of the year for the Vipers and it was a solid win for the Vipers by a score of 25-0.
The quarterback who has led the Vipers in the last game was Cornelius who went 24/31 with 211 yards. Cornelius did throw a touchdown and a pick in the game. The Vipers running attack had 49 attempts for 2 touchdowns and a total of 266 yards per game.
With the Los Angeles the team was unable to beat the New York Guardians in the last game. The game was a loss by 3 points by a score of 17-14. The loss dropped the Wildcats to a 1-3 mark on the year.
The last game the Wildcats relied on Johnson at the quarterback position as he went 25/40 with 325 yards and 2 touchdowns, but was picked off once. When it comes to the rushing offense the Wildcats carried the ball 13 times for a total of 40 yards and did not end up scoring at all.
Free XFL Pick:
Los Angeles Wildcats -1
The Vipers are heading into the game here with a questionable defense that has been burnt quite a bit on the year. The Wildcats, though, are playing great defense on the year and will keep the Vipers offense in check here. Look for the Wildcats offense to keep the game just out of reach in the game here. Final Score Prediction, Los Angeles Wildcats win and cover ATS 19-14.
See Premium XFL picks from the pros


ZQKMGDZ - 10.000 km² gegen die Zeit was founded at new years day 2012 as a two piece band by Don Alfredo (guitar & vocals) and Don Fernando (drums). From the beginning on, their goal was to create visions of time traveling between planets and to transfer this idea into a musical reality. 2013 Don Libido (bass) jumped aboard the intergalactic spaceship of ZQKMGDZ. In this constellation they produced a manifest under the name "Dimension Plasma" which was produced in the halls of "Rosenquarz Recording Studios" and will come out on vinyl via Pink Tank Records, autumn this year!
This recording shows up that it is possible to create a new sound which we will call "Interstellar Psycho Doom"! Dark, heavy, massiv, fuzzy and psychedelic!
10,000 km² gegen die Zeit are ready for new time travel on the stages of this and other planets!
ZQKMGDZ are a self proclaimed – Interstellar Psycho Doom – Band. What the hell does that. I don't have a freaking clue. What I can tell you is that their debut album – Dimension Plasma – is one freaky sideshow of crazed Psychedelic Doom and Stoner Metal sounds and riffs. It feels like an all out musical jam between Black Sabbath, Hawkwind and Ufomammut.
They have been signed to our good pals – Pink Tank Records – and I may have to say that this could be the finest band Jan has signed to his label. ZQKMGDZ will take you on a cosmic and spacey trip of your own mind. Opening track – Brainsnail Octopus – perfectly captures these insane musical astronauts as they venture from Sabbath type Doom with Hawkwind style Space Rock with added Ufomammut crazy psychedelic menace. Though with their own magnetic charm.
It's one crazy as hell exercise in sound and volume as ZQKMGDZ lay on the fuzz through out the albums 32 minute run time. Second track Mammoth Manifest has lead vocalist – Don Alfredo – tripping out his mind like he is coming down from a bad LSD Trip with his bandmates feeding him the deadly musical drug to keep him in his drug induced state. The track has echoes of 60s/70s Psychedelic Hard Rock showing here and there. It feels like an extended jam session at times but that's the beauty of the album. It's a crazy trip where anything goes. Just enjoy the delicious music that ZQKMGDZ have created here.
Third track – Ambrosia – is the more straight forward rock song that ZQKMGDZ have on offer here. Well what I mean it's more structured compared to the rest of the songs. It's still crazy in it's own right just in a different fuzzed up way. ZQKMGDZ capture the essence of what Psychedelic Doom/Stoner Metal should really be all about. Loud and violent fuzzy riffs brimming to fully explode at any second. The vocals have a weird experimental feel that only adds to the trippy atmosphere. Play this one at full volume to get the full effect.
ZQKMGDZ leave the best track till last with the 15 minute epic – Astro Sabbath / Dimension Plasma. Two songs created as one surreal Doom/Stoner Metal experience. Quite possibly. Just sit back for this mammoth and insane song that will expand your mind for one final round. The fuzz is laid on nice and thick as ZQKMGDZ play at a slow pace before adding different sounds along the way. It's a great way to end the album as your slowly brought back to reality. My advice – Press play once more as this is an album you need to experience over and over again.
Thanks to Jan at Pink Tank Records. Dimension Plasma will be available to buy on Vinyl from Pink Tank Records from January 2015.


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now I see 17 Countries who Race by the Charity Contest 2011.
But I think, the CHARITY TEAM have Place for many more Countries.
I am "The lone Argentino"?
BTW: If you look at the things going on in the middle east; who knows, what cool, young new nations will be there to support the CC next year?


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All posts tagged "F-4 Phantom"
F-4 Phantom: Why This Old Fighter Jet Is Still a Legend
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F-4 Super Phantom: A Short History – In 2018 reports emerged that the Pentagon would seek to procure upgraded F-15EX fighters to replace an aging fleet of...
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The F-4 Phantom Is Back for More DiscussionOkay Vietnam veterans, we've heard you in the comments section, and we've concluded that you want more...
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The F-4 Phantom was a beast of a jet. Despite early losses in Vietnam, the Phantom set sixteen world records and is still in...
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An iconic U.S. fighter of the Vietnam War era, the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II manages to trade performance blows with some fourth-generation fighters...
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In 2018 reports emerged that the Pentagon would seek to procure a dozen upgraded F-15X fighters to replace an aging fleet of F-15C air...
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The U.S. Military's F-4 Phantom Could Do It All
The F-4 Phantom serves as perhaps the most enduring platform in the history of military aviation. While it may immediately conjure up associations with...
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Why are many people, myself included, like this? Putting something off for the next day again and again until eventually you realize you only have a few days left before its submission. It's illogical for us to do this yet we continue to do so. Why?
Now this isn't a scientific answer but it's my guess that the reason we are like this is because of distractions. To be more specific, technology. Whenever we have nothing to do and we're bored out of our minds, we use our phones, play games, or use computers to pass the time. However we also use these to avoid our responsibilities. At the very least, this holds true for me from what I've experienced.
We prefer to have instant gratification, which is entertainment from using technology, rather than delayed gratification, where we resist our temptations to get a hold of that sweet source of instant gratification, in order to gain a better reward, which may be a passing mark or praise and respect from others, especially those above you.


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'Zoom-bombers' hijack online classes at suburban middle school, spew racist rants
Emerson Middle School, 8101 N. Cumberland Ave., Niles. | Google Maps
The first day of online learning provided an important lesson for a group of suburban middle school students, but it wasn't the one their teachers intended.
The first day of online learning provided an important lesson for a group of northwest suburban middle school students earlier this week, but it wasn't the one their teachers intended.
Instead, some students at Emerson Middle School in Niles got a lesson in digital security and racism.
During the first day of e-learning Thursday, classes was hijacked by an unknown hacker who used "inappropriate, racist, religious, hateful and homophobic language," according to an email Emerson principal Samantha Alaimo sent to families Thursday afternoon. The hacker used the n-word and talked about resuming slavery.
Similar disturbing incidents happened again Friday, according to a second email sent to families.
Peter Gill, a spokesman for School District 64 in Park Ridge, which includes Emerson, said there were five separate hacking incidents on Thursday, and an additional four on Friday. It's unclear if the same hacker was behind all of them.
Alaimo condemned the hateful speech used by the so-called intruder.
"We stand in solidarity with our Black students, our students of color, and their families as they are repeatedly targets of racism in our society," Alaimo wrote.
The school is investigating the incidents and working to identify the offenders. It's also offering support services to students whose classes were impacted by the hack, the email said.
The school said it will continue to use Zoom for its online learning amid the pandemic. Alaimo stressed the importance of not sharing students' usernames or passwords with anyone, including family members other than parents.
"We've got eight schools and this happened at one of the schools, and I'm not trying to minimize it because it's certainly not good," Gill said. "[But] we're pretty confident we'll be able to move forward with this and do something to ensure a safe environment for the kids."
"Zoom-bombing" — or the unwanted, disruptive intrusion by hackers into online video conference calls — has become an increasing problem since March, when millions of people began using such apps to connect with family, friends, colleagues and more while practicing social distancing during the pandemic.
In April, administrators at New Trier High School and Winnetka School District 36 reported at least two such incidents to police for criminal investigation, Patch reported at the time.
e-learningEmerson Middle SchoolGoogleHijackhijack online classesNew Trier High SchoolNilesOnline Learningonline video conferencePeter GillSamantha AlaimoSPEWspokesmanvideo conferencingVideotelephonyWeb conferencingWinnetka School DistrictZOOM
SEL and Classroom Culture In an Age of Distance Learning
College students admitted to police they had COVID-19. They threw a house celebration anyhow. – CBS News


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Ана Али́сия Ге́рра Мора́лес  (исп. Ana Alicia Guerra Morales; Сан-Кристобале-де-ла-Лагуна, Канарские острова, род. 18 февраля 1994), более известная как Ана Ге́рра (Ana Guerra) — испанская певица и автор песен.

Биография

Ранние годы
Ана Алисия Герра Моралес родилась 18 февраля 1994 года в Сан-Кристобаль-де-ла-Лагуна, на острове Тенерифе. Родители назвали её в честь американской актрисы Аны Алисии, так как им нравился американский сериал «Фэлкон Крест». В детстве отец Аны однажды купил караоке, и в тот же день она менее чем за десять минут выучила наизусть песню певицы .

Она училась играть на поперечной флейте в течение восьми лет в Профессиональной консерватории музыки Санта-Крус-де-Тенерифе. Позже Герра работала консультантом в магазине парфюмерии, официанткой и актрисой в мюзиклах.

Музыкальная карьера
Герра прошла прослушивание в 9 выпуске Operación Triunfo и была выбрана для участия в шоу «Академия» 23 октября 2017 года. На 12-м выпуске шоу, 22 января 2018 года публика проголосовала за то, чтобы она стала  одной из пяти финалисток сериала.

Также она была кандидатом от Испании на песенный конкурс «Евровидение-2018» с песней «El remedio» и дуэтом с другой участницей . В итоге, она не была выбрана для представления страны на европейском конкурсе. Последняя песня, изначально написанная на английском языке Джесс Морган и Уиллом Симмсом и адаптированная на испанский язык Брисой Феной, заняла третье место.

16 марта компания Universal Music Spain выпустила первый сборник песен певицы под названием «Ana Guerra, sus canciones», в который вошли выступления певицы во время её выступлений в Operación Triunfo.

Впоследствии дуэт стал хитом номер один в испанском чарте синглов. Продержавшись в топе три недели, Ана получила  двойной платиновый сертификат за этот трек. Песня «El remedio» была выпущена в качестве сингла в  апреле 2018 года.

6 июля 2018 года Герра выпустила сингл с  под названием «Ni la hora». Сингл дебютировал под номером два в испанском чарте синглов, а музыкальный клип набрал более 4,5 миллионов просмотров на YouTube за пять дней.  7 декабря 2018 года она выпустила сольный сингл «Bajito», который подвергся критике из-за эротического содержания. В 2018 году она стала второй испанской артисткой в истории, две песни которой набрали более 30 миллионов прослушиваний в испанском Spotify.

25 января 2019 года она выпустила свой первый альбом под названием «Reflexión». Альбом стал успешным,  заняв второе место в чартах. Также в начале того же года Ана была приглашена на дуэт в песне «Desde que te vi» на новом альбоме «Héroes en tiempos de Guerra» Давида Бустаманте.

К декабрю 2019 года у Герры было девять платиновых и два золотых диска. Более 90 000 подписчиков в социальных сетях, а также более 85 миллионов просмотров на её канале YouTube.

24 сентября 2021 года вышел второй альбом певицы  под названием «La luz del martes». Альбом занял четвёртое место в испанском чарте альбомов в первую неделю после выпуска.

Личная жизнь
С 2014 по июнь 2018 года Герра была в отношениях с певцом Хавьером Луисом Дельгадо, более известным как Жадель.

С 2018 по 2020 год Ана Герра была в отношениях с актёром .

С 2022 года Герра состоит в отношениях с актером, певцом, музыкантом и музыкальным руководителем .

Дискография

Мини-альбомы
 2019 — Reflexión

Студийные альбомы
 2017 — Sus Canciones (Operación Triunfo 2017)
 2021 — La Luz del Martes

Синглы
 2018 — «Lo malo» (совместно с Аитаной)
 2018 — «El remedio»
 2018 — «Ni la hora» (совместно с Хуаном Маганом)
 2018 — «Bajito»
 2020 — «Tarde o temprano»
 2020 — «Listo va» (совместно с Лерикой)
 2021 — «Tik-Tak»
 2021 — «Seis»
 2021 — «Qué Sabrán»
 2023 — «Si me quisieras»

Как приглашённый артист
 2018 — , , Аитана и  — «El mundo entero»
 2019 — Давид Бустаманте — «Desde que te vi» («Héroes en tiempos de Guerra»)
 2019 — Набалес, Йера — «El viajero (Remix)»
 2019 — Тициано Ферро — «Acepto milagros»
 2020 — Bombai — «Robarte el corazón»
 2020 —  — «Dos segundos»
 2020 —  — «Los amigos no se besan en la boca»
 2020 — Рафаэль, Белли Басарте, Мария Паррадо,  и  — «Los amigos no se besan en la boca»
 2021 —  — «Peter Pan»
 2022 —  — «Voy a pensar en ti»

Примечания

Ссылки

Певцы и певицы на испанском языке
Поп-музыканты Испании
Википедия:Биографии современников
Родившиеся в 1994 году
Родившиеся 18 февраля
Персоналии по алфавиту
Родившиеся в Сан-Кристобале-де-ла-Лагуна
Родившиеся на Канарских островах
Родившиеся в Испании
Музыканты по алфавиту


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SportsColumnistsDavid Lennon
By David Lennon
Yoenis Cespedes' heel injury latest example of Mets kicking themselves
Mets' Yoenis Cespedes is congratulated by manager Mickey Callaway after Cespedes hit a solo home run against the Yankees during the third inning of a baseball game Friday in New York. Credit: AP / Julie Jacobson
Updated July 21, 2018 7:42 PM
The Mets have a small army of doctors, physical therapists and conditioning coaches at their disposal, along with being affiliated with the Hospital for Special Surgery, one of the best orthopedic treatment facilities on the planet.
Yet somehow, Yoenis Cespedes still was to able to shock everyone late Friday night by saying that he's suffering from twin-heel "calcifications," a condition that he insisted needs surgery to fix and would require eight to 10 months of rehab.
After hearing this, and then listening to Mickey Callaway stunningly claim to be unaware of Cespedes' bombshell the very next morning — at his regularly scheduled, daily media briefing — we don't know which is worse: The Mets mistakenly operating under the belief that Cespedes could play through his debilitating heel issues, or not knowing the longer-term severity of his medical problem.
Either one reflects poorly upon the organization, and the bad optics of the Cespedes situation only got worse Saturday, with the Mets letting Callaway fend for himself at the microphone. Not a great strategy. Callaway has enough on his plate without having to play doctor at his news conferences.
But the Mets refused to make any of their three acting GMs available Saturday to address the Cespedes issue, choosing to punt until Sunday afternoon, when John Ricco is expected to provide some answers about the slugger's prognosis before the Subway Series finale in the Bronx. No wonder this has spiraled into the mess it's become.
A day after returning from the disabled list, and then going back on the bench, Cespedes was unavailable to be used as a pinch hitter Saturday in a situation that was begging for him during a ninth-inning rally in the Mets' 7-6 loss to the Yankees. Afterward, Callaway said that maybe he could play Sunday (we say no chance) — but wouldn't see a specialist or get an MRI until early next week. Aside from being totally backward, how could Cespedes be allowed on the field again before getting further medical clearance? And why did he get green-lighted in the first place?
"We thought his heels were in a really good spot coming in or wouldn't have activated him," Callaway said. "So he was good to go."
Apparently not. When Callaway stepped to the podium at 10:30 Saturday morning, the first question lobbed at him was predictable: What was his reaction to Cespedes' surgery-related comments from the previous night? His response was hard to believe. Or not, considering the Mets.
"I didn't get to read any of the stuff he said or hear it, so, you know, I'm not quite exactly sure of what he said," Callaway said. "I just know that he came in pretty sore today and we're not going to start him."
It's not that we always expect Callaway to pick up a newspaper on his own or check out a few web sites before facing a few dozen media members. But there's no way the Mets could have allowed him to sit in that chair without briefing him first, and playing dumb is never a good look for a manager — even if Callaway was advised to do so. And would it be too outlandish for Callaway to maybe check in with Cespedes to get his side of the story beforehand?
This was an epic fail all-around, and not just from a PR standpoint. Nine weeks on the DL, under the scrutiny of all those medical personnel, and Cespedes can just spring that heel disaster on everyone at his locker, seemingly out of the blue?
Truth is, the heel condition is hardly a new ailment, despite the Mets describing his injuries as everything from hamstrings to quads to hip flexors. It's all part of the same kinetic chain, and the lingering heel problem has been in the background throughout. A year ago, Sandy Alderson made the first reference to Cespedes' sore heels. Earlier this month, on July 6, Ricco said that his chronic issues were heel-related more than anything else.
Despite being inserted back into the lineup Friday night at DH, and homering in his second at-bat, Cespedes complained of his heels hurting midway through the 7-5 victory over the Yankees. That frustration is likely why Cespedes lashed out at his locker afterward, complaining of the social-media perception that he wasn't trying hard enough to come back from the DL.
"It's bad that you're doing your best and working hard every day and people are saying things that are not correct," Cespedes said late Friday night through his interpreter. "I am not going to go down and lower my level to their level."
Maybe Cespedes felt pressured to return despite still feeling pain, and one source said Saturday that he's been dealing with the heel condition for the past year. Cespedes has played in only 46 percent of the Mets' games since they made him the sport's highest-paid outfielder with that four-year, $110-million contract, so that's not ideal for the organization either.
The Mets weren't supposed to be having these embarrassingly high-profile medical episodes anymore. But if dysfunction is a disease, this franchise is a long, long way from finding a cure.


We take care of your yard!
The leavening agent in banana bread is generally baking soda rather than yeast. What's more unlike ordinary bread, banana bread is baked from batter rather than dough. And evidently, it has bananas that is normally mashed and set into the batter.
A enormous family favorite, this has been around for several years! The truth is it came into popularity in the 1930's, and since then numerous varieties have appeared in movies. Banana bread is relatively simple to create, and therefore popular among home bakers.
It's not only tasty but also flexible. Usually a great on-the-go breakfast thing, either at home or caught at the coffee shop where the active professional stops for their daily dose of coffee. Additionally it can be packaged in a lunchbox which makes it a great ending to the day meal, but is just as likely to be a hot after-school snack waiting when kids hop off the bus. What is more it can also function as a last-minute dessert choice when guests turn up unexpectedly and you end up whipping up a fast meal. If whipped together before dinner and popped into the oven it creates a wonderful accompaniment to a relaxing cup of tea whilst watching evening television.
This homey cure is so versatile as it's sweet, but not overwhelmingly so. There's an adequate amount of a dessert-like texture and flavor in order for it to function as a candy meal-ender.
It's usually baked in loaf-shaped pans and can be cut into thin pieces or bigger wedges for serving. There are loads of variations on banana bread on the market. Of which, some banana bread recipes have been passed down by numerous families from generation to generation, and each will announce theirs the best.
The truth is there are quite a few other kinds of fruit or even vegetable-based breads. As these are also often-enjoyed snacks, banana bread still appears to take the front concerning popularity.
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In line with national policy relating to the corona virus, Lost & Found stops its activities until further notice. Please be welcome to the Lost & Found archive. Since 1997, over 200 sessions of stray images and sound have been organised. Artists, writers, scientists and musicians present work in progress, experiment or present work that doesn't fit into their oeuvre (yet). A specific and unique stage for diverse and hybrid works which don't fit comfortably into galleries or museums.
Past events / Contributors
Ganzeer
designer (EG)
The leader is a film shot in a green room. We see a hand operate a mobile phone. We click through menu's and see the names of people of previous conversations and text messages that were just send or received. When the phone rings, it causes interferention on the video-camera. Then we find a messages announcing Lost & Found.
2006, Quicktime movie, 2:17 min
Shown at L&F Cairo (03–12–2006)