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Hypothec (; , , , from Lat. hypotheca, from Gk. : hypothēkē), sometimes tacit hypothec, is a term used in civil law systems (e.g. the law of all of Continental Europe except Gibraltar) or mixed legal systems (e.g. Scots law, South African law) to refer to a registered non-possessory real security over real estate, but under some jurisdictions it may sometimes also denote security on other collaterals such as securities, intellectual property rights or corporeal movable property, either ships only (ship hypothec) as opposed to other movables covered by a different type of right (pledge) in the legal systems of some countries, or any movables in legal systems of other countries. The common law has two equivalents to the term, namely mortgage and non-possessory lien.

Originating in Roman law, a hypotheca was essentially a non-possessory pledge over a person's entire estate, but during the Renaissance the device was revived by civil law legal systems as a hypothecatory security interest taken strictly over immovable property and, like the late medieval obligatio bonorum, running with the land (Latin jus persequendi, French droit de suite, Dutch zaaksgevolg, German Folgerecht). However, under a handful of mixed legal systems, the hypothec was imported as a non-possessory real security over movable property (in opposition to the common-law chattel mortgage). Whereas a pledge operates by bailment and transfers possession on delivery and a chattel mortgage operates by conveyance and transfers title, a hypothec operates by hypothecation and transfers neither possession nor title.

This real right in security operates by way of hypothecation, often arises by operation of law (generally statute), and gives a creditor a preferential right to have claims paid out of the hypothecated property as last recourse when the debtor is in default.

In the hypothec, the property does not pass to the creditor, nor do they get possession, but they acquire a preferential right to have their debt paid out of the hypothecated property; that is, they can sell it and pay themself out of the proceeds, or in default of a purchaser they can become the owner themself.

The name and the principle have passed into Scotland's civil law system, which distinguishes between conventional hypothecs, as bottomry and respondentia, and tacit hypothecs established by law. Of the latter the most important is the landlord's hypothec for rent (corresponding to distress in the law of England), which extends over the produce of the land and the cattle and sheep fed on it, and over stock and horses used in husbandry.

Hypothecation
Hypothecation is the practice where a debtor pledges  collateral to secure a debt or as a condition precedent to the debt, or a third party pledges collateral for the debtor. A letter of hypothecation is the usual instrument for carrying out the pledge.

A common example occurs when a debtor enters into a mortgage agreement, in which the debtor's house becomes collateral until the mortgage loan is paid off.

The debtor retains ownership of the collateral, but the creditor has the right to seize ownership if the debtor defaults.

The main purpose of hypothecation is to mitigate the creditor's credit risk. If the debtor cannot pay, the creditor possesses the collateral and therefore can claim its ownership, sell it and thus compensate the lacking cash inflows. In a default of the obligor without previous hypothecation, the creditor cannot be sure that it can seize sufficient assets of the debtor. Because hypothecation makes it easier to get the debt and potentially decreases its price; the debtor wants to hypothecate as much debt as possible but the isolation of 'good assets' for the collateral reduces the quality of the rest of the debtor's balance sheet and thus its credit worthiness.

The detailed practice and rules regulating hypothecation vary depending on context and on the jurisdiction where it takes place.  In the US, the legal right for the creditor to take ownership of the collateral if the debtor defaults is classified as a lien.

In consumer and business finance
Hypothecation is a common feature of consumer contracts involving mortgages the debtor legally owns the house, but until the mortgage is paid off, the creditor has the right to take ownership (and possibly also possession) but only if the debtor fails to keep up with repayments.
If a consumer takes out an additional loan secured against the value of his mortgage (known colloquially as a "second mortgage", for up to approximately the current value of the house minus outstanding repayments) the consumer is then hypothecating the mortgage itself the creditor can still seize the house but in this case the creditor then becomes responsible for the outstanding mortgage debt. Sometimes consumer goods and business equipment can be bought on credit agreements involving hypothecation the goods are legally owned by the borrower, but once again the creditor can seize them if required.

In the financial industry
The most common form of hypothecation is a repo transaction: the creditor gives a loan to the debtor and receives in return the possession (not the ownership) of a financial asset until the maturity of the loan.
A reverse repo is a hypothecation 'in the reverse direction': creditor and debtor swap roles.

In the investment markets
When an investor asks a broker to purchase securities on margin, hypothecation can occur in two senses.  First, the purchased assets can be hypothecated so that, if the investor fails to keep up credit repayments, the broker can sell some of the securities; the broker can also sell the securities if they drop in value and the investor fails to respond to a margin call.  The second sense is that the original deposit the investor puts down for the margin account can itself be in the form of securities rather than a cash deposit, and again the securities belong to the investor but can be sold by the creditor in the case of a default. In both cases, unlike with consumer or business finance, the borrower does not typically have possession of the securities as they will be in accounts controlled by the broker, however, the borrower does still retain legal ownership.

Rehypothecation

Rehypothecation occurs mainly in the financial markets, where financial firms re-use the collateral to secure their own borrowing. For the creditor the collateral not only mitigates the credit risk but also allows refinancing more easily or at lower rates; in an initial hypothecation contract however, the debtor can restrict such re-use of the collateral.
Re-hypothecation occurs when the creditor (a bank or broker-dealer) re-uses the collateral posted by the debtor (a client such as a hedge fund) to back the broker's own trades and borrowing. This mechanism also enables leverage in the securities market.

In the UK, there is no limit on the amount of a client's assets that can be rehypothecated, except if the client has negotiated an agreement with their broker that includes a limit or prohibition. In the US, re-hypothecation is capped at 140% of a client's debit balance.

In 2007, rehypothecation accounted for half the activity in the shadow banking system. Because the collateral is not cash it does not show up on conventional balance sheet accounting.  Before the Lehman collapse, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) calculated that US banks were receiving over $4 trillion worth of funding by rehypothecation, much of it sourced from the UK where there are no statutory limits governing the reuse of a client's collateral.  It is estimated that only $1 trillion of original collateral was being used, meaning that collateral was being rehypothecated  several times over, with an estimated churn factor of 4.

Following the Lehman collapse, large hedge funds in particular became more wary of allowing their collateral to be rehypothecated, and even in the UK they would insist on contracts that limit the amount of their assets that can be reposted, or even prohibit rehypothecation completely.  In 2009 the IMF estimated that the funds available to US banks due to rehypothecation had declined by more than half to $2.1 trillion due to both less original collateral being available for rehypothecation in the first place and a lower churn factor.

The possible role of rehypothecation in the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and in the shadow banking system was largely overlooked by the mainstream financial press, until Dr. Gillian Tett of the Financial Times drew attention in August 2010 to a paper from Manmohan Singh and James Aitken of the International Monetary Fund which examined the issue.

Rehypothecation in repo agreements
Rehypothecation can be involved in repurchase agreements, commonly called repos.  In a two-party repurchase agreement, one party sells to the other a security at a price with a commitment to buy the security back at a later date for another price. Overnight repurchase agreements, the most commonly used form of this arrangement, comprise a sale which takes place the first day and a repurchase that reverses the transaction the next day. Term repurchase agreements, less commonly used, extend for a fixed period of time that may be as long as three months. Open-ended term repurchase agreements are also possible. A so-called reverse repo is not actually any different from a repo; it merely describes the opposite side of the transaction. The seller of the security who later repurchases it is entering into a repurchase agreement; the purchaser who later re-sells the security enters into a reverse repurchase agreement.  Notwithstanding its nominal form as a sale and subsequent repurchase of a security, the economic effect of a repurchase agreement is that of a secured loan.

Hypothec by jurisdiction

Scotland

The law of agricultural hypothec long caused much discontent in Scotland; its operation was restricted by the Hypothec Amendment (Scotland) Act 1867, and by the Hypothec Abolition (Scotland) Act 1880 it was enacted that the landlords right of hypothec for the rent of land, including the rent of any buildings thereon, exceeding two acres (8,000 m²) in extent, let for agriculture or pasture, shall cease and determine. By the same act and by the Agricultural Holdings (Scotland) Act 1883 other rights and remedies for rent, where the right of hypothec had ceased, were given to the landlord.

The Bankruptcy and Diligence etc. (Scotland) Act 2007 abolishes the common law diligence of sequestration for rent.  Under Scots law, Landlord's hypothec is a common law right of security enjoyed by landlords over any goods sited on the leased premises, regardless of who owns those goods.  The hypothec does not secure all sums which happen to be due to the landlord, only a portion of the rent.  Landlord's hypothec is enforced by court proceedings known as sequestration for rent.

The Scottish Executive felt that such a mechanism had no part to play in a modern enforcement system, not least because a landlord is able to use other diligences to recover unpaid rent, such as attachment  Sequestration for rent can now be used to sell only goods that are secured by a right known as the landlord's hypothec, which arises automatically whenever there is a qualifying lease.

The Act makes some changes to the hypothec, even though it is not a diligence.  For example, it completes the process of abolishing the hypothec over goods in dwelling-houses that was initiated by the Debt Arrangement and Attachment (Scotland) Act 2002 (section 208(3) of the 2007 Act).  It also abolishes the hypothec over goods owned by a third party (section 208(4)).

The Act also states that, notwithstanding the abolition of sequestration for rent, landlord's hypothec does continue as a right in security (section 208(2)(a)).

Quebec
In Quebec law, the word is nevertheless used in translations as an equivalent of hypothèque, which has a much broader meaning and encompasses the common law equivalents of, inter alia, mortgages, non-possessory liens over movables or immovables, and legal or equitable charges. Thus, art. 2660 of the Quebec Civil Code defines hypothec, providing as follows:
 A hypothec is a real right on movable or immovable property made liable for the performance of an obligation. It confers on the creditor the right to follow the property into whomsoever's hands it may come, to take possession of it, to take it in payment, to sell it or to cause it to be sold and thus to have a preference upon the proceeds of the sale, according to the rank as determined in this Code.

The Quebec hypothèque, essentially equivalent to an American non-possessory lien or English legal charge, is an elastic, hypothecatory security interest that has all the rights of recourse (jus exigendi) of an American lien-theory mortgage or English mortgage by way of legal charge, may also be taken over movable and/or immovable property alike, and must be perfected (i.e. registered). The types as set forth in the Civil Code are:
 hypothèques conventionnelles (art. 2681) - mortgage lien or legal charge (acting as a mortgage)
 hypothèque immobilière - American real estate mortgage (REM) or English mortgage of land
 hypothèque mobilière (art. 2702) - Australian personal property security (PPS)
 hypothèque mobilière sur une créance (art. 2710) - credit mortgage
 hypothèque ouverte (art. 2715) - American floating lien or English floating charge (in Europe, hypothèque ouverte refers to an open-end mortgage)
 hypothèques légales (art. 2724) - involuntary lien or equitable charge
 equivalent to the American tax lien, mechanic's or construction lien, home owner's association lien, and judgment lien.

The Qc. Civ. Code also provides for another real security called a priorité, formerly known as a privilège (as it is still known in France, Louisiana, etc.), defined as follows:
A preferential right allowing a creditor to rank prior to all other concurrent creditors, even prior secured creditors [...] (art. 2650)
More specifically, a Quebec priorité is a non-possessory, indivisible, unregistrable (i.e. un-perfectable) real security arising by operation of law alone merely providing a priority right over the security subject. When attaching to movable property, this security interest most closely matches the hypothec as defined at the head of this article. The primary priorités correspond to the American vendor's lien, lien for court costs, municipal lien, and possessory lien (over movables).

See also
 Security interest hypothecation
 Securities lending
Eurohypothec
Mortgage law
Hypothecated tax

External links
Collateral Management article on Financial-edu.com

References
 California Civil Code Section §2920.  (a) A mortgage is a contract by which specific property, including an estate for years in real property, is hypothecated for the performance of an act, without the necessity of a change of possession.
 As Hypothicated RE:  A developer/lot owner may hypothecate the lot for use by a builder to facilitate action against a line of credit whereas both parties will benefit from the hypotication of the collateral. Gregory Yurco, Lead Lending Officer Geauga Savings Bank, Newbury Ohio.
 Please update as necessary.

Legal terminology
Property law
Civil law (legal system)
Mortgage
Banking
Financial markets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


On July 5th, beat the heat and celebrate summertime in Brooklyn with outdoor activities, music, and films at the Brooklyn Museum's Target FirstSaturday. Highlights include music by Nina Sky and Blitz the Ambassador, a screening of Do the Right Thing, a comedy showcase, and much more.
4:30 p.m. Interactives: Add your mark to sidewalk chalk drawings led by The City Kids, and hula hoop away with members of Hulu Nation.
5 p.m. Music: Matuto fuses Afro-Brazilian beats with folk and bluegrass.
6 p.m. Film: Do the Right Thing (Spike Lee, 1989, 120 min.). On the hottest day of the year, on a street in Bed-Stuy, racial and social tensions meet head on with tragic consequences.
6 p.m. Talk: Curious tales from Brooklyn's history are told by a local historian.
6:30-8:30 Hands-On Art: Sketch from a live model to learn the art of figure drawing.
7 p.m. Music: In his only summer show in New York City, Blitz the Ambassador blends African popular sounds and American vintage soul with hard-hitting beats and lyrics.
7 p.m. Interactive Talk: Filmmakers Paul Trillo and Landon Van Soest discuss theirBrooklyn in 3,000 Stills project. Bring your smartphone and contribute to a crowd-sourced portrait of Brooklyn.
8 p.m. Comedy: Erica Watson hosts a showcase of female comedians.
8 p.m. Book Club: Brooklyn-based photographer, writer, and DJ Michel July talks with some of his collaborators about his new coffee table-style book Afros: A Celebration of Natural Hair.
9 p.m. Music: Chart-topping R&B duo Nina Sky performs their biggest hits and songs from their latest album.
Visit their website for more details and to purchase tickets.


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Design | 13 Nov 2020 | By Emma O'Kelly
Introducing the calming Swedish designs of NRJD
Exploring the close-knit design partnership of founders Oscar Kylberg and HRH Prince Carl Philip of Sweden
'We will be happy when the pandemic has passed so we can go back to our five-metre rule of social distancing,' quips Oscar Kylberg, CEO at Bernadotte & Kylberg design studio in Stockholm. As some of us prepare for a long, quiet winter, he and his business partner HRH Prince Carl Philip of Sweden are busier than ever with the launch of their new design brand NJRD.
The debut collection stretches to 86 pieces and consists of tufted and woven rugs, tableware and throws made of recycled cotton in colours inspired by Sweden's pink winter sunsets and the graphite rocks of the archipelago. These work anywhere, but idea is that NRJD will create items for every room in the house. The pair are well-placed to work in this way. Since they founded Bernadotte & Kylberg eight years ago, they have collaborated with many international brands, among them Hästens, Georg Jensen, Stelton and Zwiesel. But until now, they have never designed for themselves. 'Working for so many others, we have come up with lots of ideas, some of which have not necessarily been the right fit. Along the way, we have worked out what we want NJRD to be,' explains Kylberg.
The pair studied graphics at Stockholm's Forsberg design school after pursuing careers elsewhere. The 41 year old prince also studied at Rhode Island School of Design in the US and Kylberg studied finance at the University of Southern Europe in Monaco. They were friends before they went to Forsberg, and Kylberg is godfather to the prince's second son Gabriel. 'We work so tightly together we intuitively know what the other is thinking,' says Kylberg.
The NJRD collection launches on 12 November exclusively through Nordic Nest, a leading online retailer of Scandinavian design. Featuring more than 200, mostly regional, brands, Nordic Nest sells in 70 countries and shoppers in the US and Asia. NRJD fits right into the mix. 'We are typical Scandinavian designers; we like natural materials, clean lines and colour. People see the Swedish aesthetic as very strict – minimal and functional – but our heritage is more colourful and playful than that.'
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Both Kylberg and the Prince have been brought up with 'heirloom pieces that have been passed down through generations. They are the definition of sustainable,' says Kylberg. 'We want NJRD objects to still be in use in 50 years' time.' This looks likely. The pair has won a Red Dot Award for a collection of bowls and vases for Stelton and their crystal vessels for Zwiesel Kristallglass took home a German Design Gold Award in 2018. NJRD will not bow to forced production cycles, and where possible, products will be made in Scandinavia using recycled materials. 'With everything that is happening in the world right now, there has never been a better time to stay simple, and to support local producers.' §
NJRD.com
nordicnest.com
bernadottekylberg.se
SWEDISH DESIGN HOMEWARE NEWS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Gia Czichladze (ukr. Гія Джемалович Чихладзе, Hija Dżemałowycz Czychładze; ur. 9 maja 1986) – gruziński i ukraiński zapaśnik startujący w stylu wolnym. Zajął trzynaste miejsce na mistrzostwach świata w 2009. Brązowy medalista mistrzostw Europy w 2013. Czwarty w Pucharze Świata w 2014; siódmy w 2007 i czwarty w drużynie w 2008. Trzeci na MŚ juniorów w 2006 roku.

Przypisy

Gruzińscy zapaśnicy
Ukraińscy zapaśnicy
Urodzeni w 1986


The public petition to save local community pharmacy in Northern Ireland has now hit over 120k signatures. The petition officially closed on 9th July with the exact figure reaching 120,112.
The representative body for community pharmacy in Northern Ireland has said that the Department of Health can no longer ignore the sheer volume of patients and organisations now involved in the campaign.
The petition which had 75,000 signatures around ten days ago has received a welcome boost as support from patients grows. The jump in over 45,000 signatures has come about due to local pharmacists encouraging a final push before sending back their completed petitions to the central co-ordinating team at the Community Pharmacy NI headquarters in Belfast.
Community Pharmacists across Northern Ireland have taken the opportunity to engage and activate their regular patients to let them know exactly what the current crisis is about and how it could potentially impact on their healthcare provision.
The final petition push comes as the senior leadership from Community Pharmacy NI travelled to London last week to meet with the Northern Ireland Secretary of State to highlight prolonged Government underfunding, additional funding cuts made in 2017/18 and to explain why the current funding model which sees many medicines dispensed at a loss, is inappropriate.
Prior to the collapse of the NI Assembly, the last Health Minister, Michelle O'Neill, outlined a commitment to continue to develop and resource community pharmacy-based initiatives over the next 10 years. However, this is now in jeopardy due to the fact that the Department of Health is under funding the cost of providing community pharmacy services by at least £20m.
This funding shortfall has been compounded in recent months by unprecedented generic medicines shortages leaving community pharmacists and their staff with a daily struggle to find many of the medicines needed by their patients. When they do source the items required, they can find themselves paying more than ten times the usual price, all without knowing if they will be fully reimbursed.


The former Major-General of Justice, who gave testimony to his ex-boss, escaped the confiscation of property and was given the right to a UDO.
The former first deputy head of the SKU SKR Moscow Denis Nikandrov, who received a conviction on Thursday for bribery, not only saved his property from confiscation and avoided a multimillion-dollar fine, but within a year and seven months he will be able to qualify for parole, and then return altogether on the civil service. For this, the former Major-General of Justice actually handed over the FSB and the Prosecutor General's Office to the head of the Moscow committee head, Alexander Drymanov. However, the source of Kommersant asserts that Mr. Drymanov himself began to cooperate with the investigation.
Because of the fact that the case of Denis Nikandrov was considered by the Moscow City Court in a special order in closed mode, the presiding Andrei Rasnovsky announced only the introductory and operative parts of the verdict, which took no more than five minutes. Recognizing the guilt of Denis Nikandrov in committing a crime under Part 6 of Art. 290 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (receiving a bribe in an especially large amount), the judge appointed him five years and six months of a strict-regime colony, which in the course of the parties' discussions requested state prosecution. The judge, like the prosecutor asked, deprived Mr. Nikandrov of the rank of Major-General of Justice, forbidding him to hold positions in the civil service for three years after his imprisonment. At the same time, applying to the convict additional punishment in the form of a fine of 65 million rubles, on which the prosecutor insisted, the court did not. Accordingly, from the arrest were released house, apartment and bank accounts Denis Nikandrov.
If the verdict remains the same, and the defense of the convict has reported that he will appeal against him with regard to the excessive punishment, Mr. Nikandrov can receive parole after a year and seven months.
The criminal case against Denis Nikandrov on materials of the FSB in 2016 was personally initiated by Alexander Bastrykin. For the latter, this was far from an ordinary event, since General Nikandrov for five years was an investigator for particularly important cases under the chairman of the TFR. It was he who understood the circumstances of taking bribes by the head of the Investigative Committee of the Investigative Committee Dmitry Dovgiy, the affairs of YUKOS and prosecutors who protected the illegal gambling establishments in the Moscow region.
As established by the FSB, which the case against General Nikandrov for further investigation was transferred to the Prosecutor General's Office, in the summer of 2016 businessman and former intelligence officer Dmitry Smychkovsky received $ 1 million to release the detainee for extorting the criminal authority Andrei Kochuykova (Italian), who was the closest associate of the thief in law Zakhar Kalashov (Shakro the Younger). Mr. Smychkovsky, believes the investigation, left $ 200,000 for mediation, and also handed the same number to the then head of the SU RAS for the Central District of Moscow, Alexei Kramarenko, whose subordinates investigated the case of the Italian. Then he gave $ 600 thousand to the head of the main department of interdepartmental cooperation and his own security of the TFR, Mikhail Maksimenko, who, having left himself $ 200 thousand, transferred the rest of the money to Alexander Drymanov, the head of the State Security Service of the Russian Federation for Moscow. According to the investigation, Denis Nikandrov, who supervised the investigation in the Central Administrative District, received his share of $ 200 thousand for the Italian.
Andrei Kochuykov was retrained for arbitrariness, but he was detained again at the outlet from the SIZO. The police, after receiving a racket case, brought him to court, on the verdict of which the Italian received eight years and nine months, and Shakro the youngest - ten years and ten months in prison.
Once in jail, Denis Nikandrov concluded a pre-trial cooperation agreement with the Prosecutor General's Office, within which he pleaded guilty and testified about participation in the corruption scheme of Alexander Drymanov, who was dismissed from his post in the summer of this year.
"Denis Nikandrov is essentially charged with two official abuses: according to the investigation version, at first he illegally handed over the criminal case of extortion from the GKU of the Moscow Committee of the Armed Forces for Moscow to the Central Administrative District of the Central Administrative District, and then agreed to the re-qualification of the prosecution for a softer article of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, "One of the representatives of the former general explained to Kommersant." I want to note that he did both these actions on the direct order of his commander Alexander Drymanov. My client later received a reward from him, but he can not be considered a bribe, because the money was transferred to Denis Nikandrov by his immediate supervisor, whom he would submit to for free. "
According to the defense, in his testimony given in the framework of the deal concluded with the Prosecutor General's Office, Mr. Nikandrov only confirmed the information collected by the FSB in the context of operational and then investigative work. To supplement them, he could only tell about his relationship with General Drymanov, from whom he received a reward. Denis Nikandrov simply did not know the role of the other alleged bribe-takers in the committed crime.
It should be noted that the source of the defense was indirectly confirmed by the source of Kommersant close to the investigation, who reported that Alexander Drymanov, who for a long time managed to retain the status of a witness in the case, "provided the investigation with no less valuable information than the Nikandrov that concluded the deal." According to the interlocutor of "Kommersant", it was the ex-head of the State Security Service of the Russian Federation for the first time in Moscow who gave evidence to his deputy, and only later Denis Nikandrov, who was under arrest, repaid him with the same coin.
Thus, each of the generals must blame himself for his problems in the first place, "the source of Kommersant believes.
According to another source, both generals, in their desire to help the investigation, were outstripped by ex-head of the department for the security of the CIA, Colonel Alexander Lamonov. After being arrested on the basis of his episode, he not only acknowledged the blame for the transfer of another bribe to Mikhail Maksimenko, but also talked about the corruption scheme in the GSS of the Moscow Kremlin, which had no direct relationship.
Colonel Lamonov received five years, as well as a fine of 32.5 million rubles. And Mikhail Maksimenko, who did not plead guilty, was 13 years old and a fine of 165 million rubles. Now the last one is yet another trial in the company of General Drymanov and Colonel Kramerenko, who will be witnessed by the accused Nikandrov.


A luxurious four star JOUHAYNA Hotel just opened in Erbil on May 12th, 2012. The opening started with an elegant performance of a Fashion Show designed by the famous Lebanese Tony Yaacoub with his new collections of dresses.
The first outdoor Fashion Show in Erbil, occurred on the 100m Street, was observed by a big number of invitees and VIPs; and it was organized by JOUHAYNA Hotel management.


The large Hand Carved Wood Buddha on Stand is skillfully done by a Thai craftsman whose skill has been passed down for generations. Each piece varies a bit from the next. 24" tall, 16" wide, 4" deep.
W 23" / D 4.5" / H 40" / 17 lb.


It will fit. But swtiches like this are typically for diagnostics. You may have success on getting a fully working phone.
3. Move the logic board from the new phone to the old phone, plug in the battery and it still doesn't work.
4. The problem isn't the logic board.
ok thanks i understand 1. verizon iphone 5 screen broken of the phone 2.sprint iphone brand new just cant get by apple id activation i got played on craigslist.3 Im gonna put the verizon logic board in thanks .
2 do you know how to bypass icloud id activation on ios7 ?
It's my understanding that it can't be bypassed. Apple is really locking down on this. Good luck.
Did the replacement work for you?


Religions around the world have an eschatology, a story about how things end – Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians and Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists and prophecies among Native Americans. They include a vision of a great spiritual and peaceful time, and some, but not all of these prophecies, describe a difficult time of wars and tribulations before that.
I think that we do not have to practically destroy the earth to reach this prophesied time of peace, but we have to promise, and I think we can, that we don't have to screw everything up because of our greed. We are capable of rising above our own self-destructiveness, our aggressions and territorial survival instincts; our kill-or-be-killed mode of acting. We have evolved past that and are capable of choosing our own destiny. We can choose not to destroy civilization.
Instead of imagining a war of good and evil, to transcend this line of thinking about death, I am reminded to pray for peace, to seek a higher solution, a transcendence of death in a spiritual space.
To pray for peace takes us out of the realm of conflict, to choose to be free of black or white thinking.
Peace does not mean a passive acceptance of unbearable circumstance.
Peace is more like hope – a reminder to reach for something higher.
To choose peace over war is both an affirmation and a reminder to go further.


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Barley growers make malt for Minnesota brewers
CROOKSTON, Minn. -- Barley grown outside of Fisher, Minn., is finding its way into the region's craft beers. Vertical Malt, a startup business in Crookston run by Adam Wagner and his father, Tim, uses barley grown on the Wagner farmland between G...
Adam Wagner, President of Vertical Malt, uses malting barley grown on the family farm near Fisher, MN, and processes the grain into malt for use in craft breweries including Junkyard Brewery in Moorhead and the Bemidji Brewing Company. photo by Eric Hylden/Grand Forks Herald
By John Hageman, Forum News Service
CROOKSTON, Minn. - Barley grown outside of Fisher, Minn., is finding its way into the region's craft beers.
Vertical Malt, a startup business in Crookston run by Adam Wagner and his father, Tim, uses barley grown on the Wagner farmland between Grand Forks and Crookston to create malt, a main ingredient in beer. The business has been operating for a year in the Valley Technology Park, a city-owned startup incubator, and has sent its products to craft breweries in the area.
A homebrewer himself, Adam Wagner said the malting operation started with an idea for a brewery using ingredients from the farm. But the amount of work involved in malting barley itself led the Wagners to focus on that part of the process instead.
"There's a big difference between your hard barley kernels that are coming off of the field and a product that can be used, that is suitable for brewing," he said.
Vertical Malt's launch comes at a time when Minnesota has seen a drastic jump in craft beer popularity. The state tallied 105 breweries last year, up from 35 in 2011, according to the Brewers Association.
Wagner's business is still in "startup mode," he said, but they are working on plans for larger equipment that will increase the operation's capacity. In the meantime, they've sold their product to breweries such as Junkyard Brewing Co. in Moorhead and Bemidji Brewing Co.
"I think especially in craft brewing, it's gotten to the point where people are searching for locality and local businesses and local ingredients," said Dan Juhnke, Junkyard's co-owner and brewer.
Growing local
Barley like that used at Vertical Malt is an important ingredient in beer. Malted barley provides "complex carbohydrates and sugars necessary for fermentation," according to Briess Malt & Ingredients Co.
Using equipment designed and built with the help of Young Manufacturing in Grand Forks, Vertical Malt takes the barley from the field and turns it into a brew-ready product.
Bemidji Brewing Co. used that for its Vertical One: Pale Ale, said Head Brewer Tom Hill. He said they were attracted to Vertical Malt for its local and fresh ingredients, adding the Wagners have been "adamant" about providing analysis on their malts.
"As a brewer, it's just so helpful for us to see some data and some numbers on the ingredient and what we can expect out of it for yield and color," Hill said. "Something like Vertical Malt just gives us access to a unique ingredient that is still high quality."
Most breweries don't malt their own barley, Wagner said. Instead, they turn to large suppliers such as Brewers Supply Group.
Wagner hopes the local nature of their barley is attractive to craft breweries, who could in turn advertise that they use local ingredients. Vertical Malt is also able to customize batches of malt for its customers, he said.
"We believe that there's something to be said for knowing where your food comes from," he said. "We're at an advantage here just because growing conditions, our climate, are good for barley."
Wagner wants Vertical Malt to expand in the coming years to focus on the regional market.
"We're not looking to supply 100 percent of people's base malts-there's a lot of breweries out there that consume a lot of grain," he said. "We'd like to establish ourselves as a very local player at least and then see how that goes."
Related Topics: CROPS
More people are turning to small, local egg producers as a sharp rise in conventionally farmed egg prices impacts the U.S. this winter.
By Dené K. Dryden
This week on AgweekTV, we hear from Sen. John Hoeven on the farm bill. Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz puts ag in his budget. We reminisce with Mikkel Pates, and we learn about the origins of the skid-steer.
There's something about Red Angus that caught the eye of this Hitterdal, Minnesota, beef producer.
Will farmers catch the goodness of rye as a cover crop?
David Karki of SDSU underlined that planting cover crops like rye is not so much about big yield increases, but it will make the land more tolerant of fluctuations in weather.
5 must-read articles to learn the positive impact of beef past the farm gate


Photo, Print, Drawing [Willie Mays and other New York Giants baseball players sitting on a bench in the locker room] / Vachon.
[Willie Mays and other New York Giants baseball players sitting on a bench in the locker room] / Vachon.
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Vachon, John, photographer. Willie Mays and other New York Giants baseball players sitting on a bench in the locker room / Vachon . Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2008678805/>.
New York Giants' march Notated Music. Scores.. Marches (Music). by W.A. Gardner. (Statement Of Responsibility). For solo keyboard instrument. Title from cover. Staff notation. (Language).
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What's really going on with SA's energy supply?
The National Science and Technology Forum (NSTF) Discussion Forum on Load shedding and power cuts – what is really going on?
Why load shedding is necessary
Gav Hurford, National Control Manager: System Operator, Transmission, Eskom
There are multiple layers to understanding load shedding. It begins with South Africa's power system value chain: generation, transmission and distribution (transporting electricity to the consumer), and customer services. A centralised control is needed to keep the power system stable.
Gav Hurford: Why load shedding is necessary
In general, bulk electricity cannot be stored. It must be generated at exactly the same time it is consumed. The System Operator manages the supply/demand balance at every second.
There is very hierarchical control of the high voltage power system, with instructions moving top down from national control (765-132 kV) to regional control (132-66 kV) and finally local control (66-11 kV), such as municipalities. Hurford says: "There is no 'big red button' in the National Control Centre (NCC) that we hit to start load shedding. It's a lot more systematic than that."
South Africa's NCC operates parts of the network in Swaziland and parts of the network in Mozambique. Hurford says there are plans to make the NCC a separate entity outside of Eskom.
National Control Centre and the supply/demand balance of 50Hz
The System Operator is part of the NCC and the NCC is responsible for the overall wellbeing and real-time operation of the entire power system. In general, this means:
Dispatching available generators to meet demand or reducing demand to match the available generation (eg load shedding). If there's too much demand and not enough power generation, the whole system starts to slow down ie the frequency starts to drop. This puts the network in jeopardy. Typically the network should run at 50Hz or close to it. Hurford says that this supply/demand balance of 50Hz relates to the generators' mechanical capabilities. South Africa's large coal-fired generators must remain running at or close to 50Hz.
Managing maintenance outages of the vast transmission network. The South African network is interconnected from Cape Town up to the Democratic Republic of Congo, and from Namibia across to Maputo. These all run at the same frequency of 50Hz. The bigger the grid, the more stable it tends to be. However, it also means the countries are "locked in and share the same fate", says Hurford. South Africa's Eskom operates the largest system. According to the 2019/2020 Southern African Power Pool (SAPP) statistics (sapp.co.zw), the maximum demand was 38 897 MW. Next highest was Zambia with 2 237 MW. It's clear that South Africa won't receive a lot of help from its neighbours.
Controlling the power system to maintain stability.
Overseeing the safety of people and plants.
Eskom's generation responsibilities
Source: 'Why load shedding is necessary'
Brown rows: owned by Eskom.
Green rows: the two Independent Power Producers (IPP) and these are open cycle gas turbines (OCGT) which burn diesel.
Grey rows: renewables that have been added to the power grid since 2015 (about 560 MW). The bulk of these are wind generation, solar PV (photo voltaic, like solar panels) and CSP (concentrated solar power).
Hurford says that South Africa already has significant amounts of renewable energy (RE) on the grid. Typically, during the week there is a contribution of 12% and there have been contributions of over 20%.
Grid Code and maintaining the 50Hz supply/demand balance
The South African power industry is governed by the Grid Code, a National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA) suite of documents. It lays out what licensees (participants in the power system) can and can't do, what is expected of them technically, and what to do to maintain the stability of the power system. It includes what to do in a power crisis.
The frequency of the power system needs to stay within 49Hz and 50.1Hz. In that range, generators should operate continuously. Grid Code Level 1 restrictions occur when the frequency drops by 0.5Hz (49Hz-48.5Hz). A large generator only tolerates this for about 80 minutes over its lifetime of 30 years.
Automatic tripping starts at Level 2 (48.5Hz-48Hz). Here the lifetime tolerance is about 10 minutes, operating for one minute in this range. Each consequent level shows a 0.5Hz drop with automatic tripping after a very short time.
Below 47.5 Hz it becomes chaotic, says Hurford. Generators will then automatically trip off to protect themselves and there will be a cascading situation. As more generators trip off, there is less capacity available to supply the demand and the frequency drops even further. This results in the tripping of every generator connected to the power system and a national blackout. (Note that there are other causes for large and national blackouts beyond lack of generation capacity, including faults on the transmission system.)
To maintain the supply/demand balance, Eskom uses a range of options:
During normal system operations. The base load power and self-dispatched generation comes from nuclear, coal, IPPs, and Eskom's RE.
As demand increases within normal system operations. Eskom uses more RE. There are also various products. Examples include specific customers switching off their plant or part of a plant, as well as contractual agreements where Eskom can interrupt demand. The benefit of these products is rapid response. (It's quite a slow process to ramp up a large coal fire station – about 8 MW per minute – for example.)
At highest peak during normal system operations. There is a country response with calls to reduce load ie the 'power alert'. Hurford says that the public does respond and the impact can be significant. "We can get about 275 MW response if we haven't shed for a while," he says.
System Emergency. This is declared in terms of the National Code of Practice (NRS048-9). It's a document adopted by industry and approved by NERSA. It sets out a systematic way of load shedding, from the System Operator declaring a system emergency to load shedding stages and further. The third edition is currently being developed. The guiding principle of NRS048-9 is that all participants be treated equitably. This does involve ensuring essential services meet criteria, like hospitals having back-up generators. NRS048-9 allows for very specific circumstances – if something critical is happening – where power is not interrupted.
After System Emergency. There is large customer and international load curtailment, scheduled load shedding (stages 1-8), and unscheduled load shedding. Load curtailment means load reduction from customers who can reduce demand on instruction. Load shedding is load reduction from disconnecting the load at selected points on the transmission and distribution network.
Beyond stage 8 load shedding. Hurford says there are contingency plans if South Africa needs to go beyond stage 8, such as large blocks (towns and cities) dropped off the network plus more. The aim is to prevent a total power system collapse.
Impact of national blackouts
Planned and unplanned load shedding is part of the solution to avoid a national blackout. So far, South Africa has not had a full national blackout. However, there have been a number around the world. Hurford says the one in March 2019 in Venezuela drew many parallels with South Africa. They have a similar system and the cause was poor maintenance. Venezuela was down for around five months.
The impact in Venezuela included: looting, running out of water, the inability to process sewerage, people dying at hospital (no electricity for essential equipment), business interruption, the inability to keep food fresh, and much more. There was an impact on almost every single part of daily life.
There are other considerations with a national blackout. Hurford says the telecommunications backbone would fail in about eight hours. Another example is the impact on available liquid fuel. While it's used to power so much, it also needs powered storage. Just moving around the country would become severely limited.
South Africa's system design includes contingency plans and capabilities to deal with a blackout. There are Black Start capabilities to restart the power grid.
Understanding our emergency reserves
Emergency reserves provide a limited amount of energy and are only available for a short duration. There is also an ongoing need to replenish emergency reserves. The cycles become clearer when looking at pumped storage and open cycle gas turbines (OCGTs).
Pumped storage schemes involve water stored in an upper reservoir and then released to drive turbines that generate electricity. The water ends up in a lower reservoir. At night, excess energy allows the water to be pumped back up. It's a 168-hour cycle so reserve power is not easily restored. Hurford says that pumped storage is about 75% efficient but offers the only viable means of storing large amounts of energy. South Africa has three pump storage stations.
South Africa has 20 OCGTs and Eskom owns 14. These cost about 10 times more than coal to run, using almost 1900 litres of diesel per minute per generator. The cost is excessive. Beyond that, it's not even possible to move diesel fast enough to these generators.
Between pumped storage, OCGTs, and gas turbines, Eskom is able to dispatch almost 6000 MW, making up the majority of the emergency reserves.
Managing a constrained power system
"We've had to manage the power system very differently from the traditional way," says Hurford. "Obviously we need to do maintenance on generators but we can't shut them all down. We are forced to do maintenance as and when we can."
Managing the systems involves Eskom teams doing scenario planning, looking at installed generation capacity, plant unavailability, the demand forecast, planned outages for maintenance, and potential unplanned outages. Eskom works with three scenarios at any given time. Even with this planning, the system is volatile and unreliable. It "makes giving the country certainty absolutely impossible", says Hurford.
However, the system is continuously monitored and, where there is enough time, Eskom gives the country as much warning as possible. Note that Eskom is fully mandated to do whatever is required to get the power system stable even if there's no time to give a warning. Hurford says he knows there's anger around load shedding and consumers have a right to be angry. He also hopes that understanding the situation in more detail will ease the frustration.
What happened? Load shedding in South Africa and how to fix it
Dr Jarrad Wright, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA
Dr Jarrad Wright: What happened? Load shedding in SA and how to fix it
South Africa's power system is in crisis with urgent action needed to ensure system adequacy while simultaneously creating a cleaner and more diversified long-term energy mix. So says Dr Jarrad Wright when he presented on 'What happened? Loadshedding in South Africa and how to fix it'. He was, until recently, at the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and is now at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in the USA.
Wright says there is a worrying trend of a continuous increase in load shedding. There has also been a shift from equal levels of planned maintenance and unplanned outages in 2017 to more unplanned outages at higher levels as the years progress. This means there's limited space to do planned outages and maintenance. He says, "There is still a lot that needs to come into play until we get an adequate power system over the next two to three years."
To reduce load shedding and increase power generation, his recommendations include enabling regulations and institutional capacity for customer response at scale (power self-supply) to all customer segments. Wright says South Africa also needs to accelerate the augmented Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) Risk Mitigation Power Procurement Programme. All things need to be done in parallel including implementing the Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) 2019 now. This is so there is sufficient time for lengthy procurement processes, technology specific lead times, and so on.
The case for renewable energy
Professor Frik van Niekerk: A compelling case for fast-tracking renewable energy in SA and the region
Prof Frik Van Niekerk noted that we have a growing population and a growing energy need. At the same time, there is an unreliable energy supply and the burden of the climate crisis. The current renewable energy (RE) use is too low and he says our future planning is insufficient. Van Niekerk presented on 'A compelling case for fast tracking variable renewable energy in South Africa and the region'. He is from the Unit for Energy and Technology Systems, Faculty of Engineering, North-West University.
Van Niekerk says that we need a strategy to accelerate the green energy trajectory. He recommends deregulating and deploying RE of which there is an abundance in South Africa and Africa, ensuring a fair energy transition, and recognising the lowered cost of RE and storage technologies.
Dr Melanie Murcott: Ending SA's reliance on energy from coal
Dr Melanie Murcott also spoke on the just energy transition in 'Ending South Africa's reliance on energy from coal? An introduction to the policy framework for South Africa's Just Energy Transition'. She is from the Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria.
She notes that it's a false binary to pit concern for the environment against employment. The energy landscape in South Africa must transition, not just because of loadshedding. In a time of climate change, fossil fuel-driven energy is a justice issue, particularly for vulnerable and disadvantaged communities. (Note that according to World Bank data, South Africa is the 13th highest greenhouse gas emitter in the world.)
Tommy Garner: The perspective of independent power producers
Tommy Garner presented on 'The perspective of independent power producers'. He is Business Development Manager at Earth and Wire, and the Chair of the Independent Power Producers (IPP) Association. Garner notes that Eskom operates an ageing generation fleet, with more than half of the stations over 37 years old. Replacement and refurbishment of major components mean extensive outage time and is costly.
He says the significant increase of unplanned outages over time shows the low reliability. "You don't know when it's going to break down," says Garner. This makes it difficult to plan for maintenance.
Obstacles to renewable energy
Van Niekerk looks at what is holding us back from more RE. He says that IRP2019 still has too much coal in the energy mix and the idea of 'new coal' should be avoided. IRP2019 isn't ambitious enough and there's insufficient attention to storage. Deregulation is needed, as well as a more distributed small-scale generation rather than just a centralised system. He emphasises more urgency around RE, including prioritising it within the highest offices of government.
He doesn't believe the problem to be technological but rather around political considerations. These include Eskom debt liability, labour politics, gate keeping, and procurement issues. Garner agrees with him.
Garner explains that when new technology gets to the point of lower costs, this drives more demand in the RE sector. (RE costs are now up to 45 times cheaper over the last 10 years while coal, nuclear and carbon capture are not reducing in cost.)
With more demand in the sector comes more production investment and more supply – which in turn drives lower costs. This feedback loop continues, with more infrastructure investment and more government support. This then drives better capability and more public acceptance. It also drives less demand of older technology.
Garner says that this was happening in 2010 when government added RE into the energy mix. There was also investment in the IPP office, and the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) programmes were very successful.
However, in 2014, these positive causal feedback loops came to a halt. As part of state capture and the Gupta family intervening in Eskom, government supported the fossil fuel industry, says Garner. Agreements for REEEP weren't signed and the programme started to fall over. There was less infrastructure investment and less government support in RE. Garner says this also led to IRP2019 including coal.
All of this has resulted in a stop-and-start process.
Garner says South Africa needs between three to five times our current generation capacity with variable renewable energy (VRE) and between 35-90 hrs of battery storage. We can then go to a complete VRE system.
Hurford does note that, when planning power grids, we need to keep in mind the 'one in 10 year' event where there is no wind or sun to maintain stability of the network.
Garner recommends updating IRP2019, especially regarding battery storage, prioritising investment in grid infrastructure, and government pushing through the unbundling of Eskom and supporting RE and IPP, among other things. He also sees deregulation as a significant driver.
Professor Roula Inglesi-Lotz: The impact of electtricity shortage on SA's economy
Prof Roula Inglesi-Lotz, South African Association for Energy Economics (SAAEE) and Department of Economics, University of Pretoria (UP) presented on 'The impact of electricity shortage on South Africa's economy'. Among other things, she shows the effects of electricity supply on attracting Foreign Direct Investment and the need to stabilise the energy supply.
Professor Xiaohua Xia: Go Solar
Prof Xiaohua Xia from the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria (UP) and Director: Centre for New Energy Systems, UP presented on 'Go solar'. He looked at an off-grid PV system that is being piloted at the university, suitable for rural and urban environments.
FIND OUT WHAT IS GOING ON WITH OUR POWER: ESKOM DATA CENTRE


Bob Heath remembers the Montrose Drive-In.
He remembers the swim club, the Freez and the horse farm on the hill. All of those places are gone, replaced by outlet stores, chain restaurants, movie theaters and more.
Change is amazing. And it's the driving force behind the four main characters on Hot in Cleveland, TV Land's first original sit-com. Heath serves as the show's producer.
Hot in Cleveland follows the misadventures of three L.A. women in their 50s: hopeless romantic Melanie (Valerie Bertinelli), cynical businesswoman Joy (Jane Leeves), aging actress Victoria (Wendi Malick). The women wind up in Cleveland when their plane makes an emergency landing at Hopkins. When they discover the men in Cleveland think they're hot, they decide to forgo the West Coast for the Northcoast. The trio are joined by housekeeper Elka, played with great verve by the legendary Betty White.
Heath was hired as producer on Hot in Cleveland during the show's development in November 2009. Heath works directly with executive producer and show creator Suzanne Martin and executive producers Sean Hayes and Todd Milner of Hazy Mills Productions.
You'll catch Heath's "produced by" credit near the end of the roll. Keep your eye on the "by" – it tells the whole story of Heath's day-to-day work.
It's an enormous role. Sit-coms shoot on a weekly schedule, and Heath oversees each week's events. He manages the week's many read throughs, during which actors and writers sit around a table and read through the script to see what works and what doesn't so it can be tweaked and rewritten before production. He works with cast and crew through Thursday's pre-shoot, where scenes are blocked for the cameras and the show is rehearsed before Friday's live event.
Heath also serves as the resident expert on all things Cleveland. An easy task, since the Hollywood producer started his film career at age 12 in Akron.
The TV station was the former WAKR, Akron's only television station, now WVPX, affiliated with ion TV.
Heath graduated and attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. He worked for a time in Columbus at WLWC and then went to Cincinnati. And then, one day in 1975, he packed his car and drove west.
Today his career has spanned a number of successful sit-coms, including Mad About You, Less Than Perfect and According to Jim. Now, with Hot in Cleveland awarded a second season on TVLand, it looks like the hits will keep on rolling.


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Welcome to Sony ESPN India Edition
Office quiz
Calendar & ResultsCalendar
RacesRaces
CircuitsCircuits
Stats & RecordsStats & Records
About F1About F1
Where has Ferrari's pace gone in Australia?
124dLaurence Edmondson
52mLaurence Edmondson
Red Bull's 1.91s pit-stop broke world record at Silverstone
22hThe Pits
'Borderline dirty' racing great for F1 - Wolff
1dESPN
Luck had nothing to do with Hamilton's British GP victory
2dLaurence Edmondson
Horner: Vettel cost Max shot at P2
Steiner furious with Haas drivers after collision
3dNate Saunders
Hamilton: One of the best days of my life
The British Grand Prix was bonkers -- and it could have been even better
3dLaurence Edmondson and Nate Saunders
Vettel takes the blame for clumsy Verstappen clash
Newey-designed Valkyrie makes debut at Silverstone
British GP strategy guide: A rare, but genuine, dilemma
Haas: Rich Energy saga doesn't hurt our image
Hamilton brushes off questions of 'Britishness'
Bottas on pole: Now it's time to sink or swim
FIA president Todt wants to bring back in-race refueling in F1
4dReuters
Bottas and Hamilton still the men to beat ahead of British GP qualifying
Grosjean plays down 'awkward' pit-lane crash
The Friday Sessions: Where has Ferrari's pace gone in Australia?
Why Ferrari is more than just a car for the Tifosi (2:30)
Ferrari's fans are some of the most passionate in motorsport and head into 2019 hoping for their first Drivers' Championship since 2007. (2:30)
Laurence EdmondsonF1 Editor
• Joined ESPN in 2009
• An FIA accredited F1 journalist since 2011
MELBOURNE, Australia -- Although the sight of two Mercedes at the top of the timesheets is a familiar one in Formula One, it doesn't fit with the narrative that emerged from testing two weeks ago. According to all the data we saw in over eight days of running in Barcelona, Ferrari had an advantage of roughly 0.3s across single lap performance and race pace. But in Melbourne, Lewis Hamilton and Mercedes finished Friday practice with a comfortable 0.8s advantage over the rest of the field and nearly a second in race pace. So what happened?
Australian Grand Prix cheat sheet: What time does it start? Where can I watch it?
Why you should be rooting for Leclerc or Bottas to win the Australian Grand Prix
Has Vettel overcome the demons of 2018?
The first thing every driver in the paddock will tell you is that Friday practice is not a true measure of performance. The sessions are not competitive; the result does not impact tomorrow's qualifying; and there are no points on offer. However, Friday is crucial for preparing the car for the rest of the weekend, and it gives the first gauge of who is struggling and who is likely to perform well later in the weekend.
The second of the two Friday sessions is the most useful to analyse. It takes place at the same time of day as qualifying and the race and is therefore the most valuable to the teams. Engineers stick to a tried-and-tested run plan of a few banker laps, a quick lap on a set of the softest tyres around the midway point of the session and a solid run on heavy fuel to get a sense of how the car will react in the race.
The single lap pace creates the headlines, but it can also be the most misleading. Fuel loads can skew the picture, and, by the very nature of a single lap, a small mistake can make a big difference in the final time. On his fast lap, Vettel missed the apexes at Turns 1, 3, 13 and 15, and seen from trackside, he did not attack the high-speed corners at Turns 11 and 12 with the same aggression as the Mercedes drivers. It all added up to a 0.873s gap to Hamilton over the entire lap, with 0.376s lost in sector one, 0.236s in sector two and 0.261s in sector three.
In first practice, Vettel had been 0.038s off Hamilton, but as Mercedes and the rest of the field found roughly a second of lap time in the afternoon, Ferrari failed to make the same progress.
"Confidence," was the reason Vettel gave when asked where the lap time had gone. "It was a tricky day for us and probably a tricky day for everyone. I think for us we are not where we would like to be -- not in terms of lap time but in terms of car feel and handling.
"We didn't really get into the groove and rhythm, and that's quite important around here. So if we can get that confidence and that groove back, there is a lot of lap time in that around here.
"I feel that I have the car under me that I had in testing but it is not doing the same thing here and there and that is why I am lacking confidence. But we are all here working flat out to try to understand what happened in the session, the things that we tried and how they changed it."
Ferrari's imperious form from winter testing was nowhere to be seen on Friday in Melbourne. Peter J Fox/Getty Images
As for the gap to Mercedes, he was as surprised as anyone that it flew in the face of the times from testing.
"What was all that bulls--- about with them [Mercedes] being out of shape and so on?" Vettel said after the session. "I didn't understand that, to be honest.
"So it was a bit of a surprise, yes! I think they looked really quick, and I don't know if it was just us struggling a bit today or others as well, but as a matter of fact they were in a league of their own. Maybe everyone else was struggling and then we can turn it around, but they looked very strong and much stronger than they claimed before the weekend."
Hamilton's comments about his car were almost the exact opposite. Mercedes had been concerned about the unpredictable balance of the car in Barcelona, and, while the same characteristics were evident in Australia, they didn't have the same impact on lap time.
"The car was in a similar place to where it was in Barcelona, but it isn't bad at all," Hamilton said. "What was surprising was to see the balance shift out there in terms of where everyone else was standing.
"I think Ferrari lost a bit of performance in practice two, but we will just focus on trying to do the best job we can. But overall it's not a bad start at all."
Deeper analysis of where the cars were quick on track shows Mercedes held the biggest advantage in medium-speed corners. Albert Park is mainly made up of medium-speed corners, whereas F1's preseason testing venue, Circuit de Catalunya, is mainly high-speed with a couple of low-speed corners. Mercedes also had the advantage in the two high-speed corners at Albert Park, but at 0.1s the difference was marginal compared with the 0.5s it gained from medium-speed corners.
The long run pace was a similar story in the battle at the front. We only get a snapshot of data to analyse from Friday practice, but Mercedes was on average a full second quicker than Ferrari. Once again, that is a huge margin and perhaps more concerning as the larger number of laps helps to remove the impact of the odd missed apex from the equation. If Ferrari can't find a way to give Vettel and teammate Charles Leclerc more confidence in the car by tomorrow's qualifying session, Mercedes looks set to romp to victory on Sunday.
Lewis Hamilton and Mercedes displayed ominous pace at the start of the opening weekend of the year. Charles Coates/Getty Images
Based on Friday's data, Ferrari is more likely to find itself in a battle with Red Bull. Max Verstappen was 0.073s quicker than Vettel over a single lap but also failed to find the step in performance of Mercedes between first practice and second practice. The most impressive thing about Verstappen's lap was that it was set on lap three of a 12-lap run, hinting at a heavy fuel load compared with the five-lap run Vettel set his fastest time on.
But once Ferrari turns its engine up for qualifying, it's unlikely that Red Bull's Honda power unit will be able to match it, and that should ensure the red cars remain on the front two rows of the grid. In terms of race pace, Red Bull and Ferrari look incredibly evenly matched and if anything Red Bull had the advantage. Whatever way you cut it, however, both teams have serious work to do to catch Mercedes.
Read our full practice report here
Alfa Romeo emerged as the big surprise from the midfield pack. Kimi Raikkonen was just a tenth of a second off Vettel's best effort in the Ferrari, with the Alfa Romeo registering as the fastest car on the straights. Over long runs, the Alfa Romeo was 0.9s off Mercedes and a tenth ahead of Red Bull and Ferrari. The other midfield teams were clustered together 0.3 to 0.5s shy of Alfa Romeo.
At the very back of the pack, Williams was 1.7s off the next slowest car on a single lap. Over a race distance, the gap to the midfield pack was closer to 1.9s and somewhere in the region of 3.4s to Mercedes' pace. The car is quick enough to qualify within 107 percent of the quickest time -- the cut-off point for eligibility for Sunday's race -- but the car won't be challenging for points without a large number of retirements.


"This well-written and absorbing tale will stay with the reader for a long time to come."
"These strong, unforgettable characters will keep you reading late into the night. I could not put this wonderful book down."
"There's so much happening in Chilbury: intrigue, romance and an unforgettable cast of characters who aren't always as they appear. The Chilbury Ladies' Choir is a charming slice of English wartime life that warms the soul like a hot toddy."
"Lyrical, poetic, emotional, funny, endearing, surprising – it is a masterpiece."


Description Shortly after being repainted into FirstGroup "Barbie 2" livery.
Being used by Hereford depot for reasons unknown. Service 412 was withdrawn on 1st September 2003 when the Herefordshire County Council contract ended.
Service 412 timetable dated 22nd October 2000 is the Best Match for this photograph.


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Master Builders launches campaign for the Federal Election
Master Builders Australia today launches its campaign to give its members and the building and construction industry a voice at the imminent Federal Election.
"The Strong Building, Strong Economy campaign will ensure that the issues that matter to our industry are front and centre and that all political parties and candidates know which policies our members support and oppose," Denita Wawn, CEO of Master Builders Australia said.
"The campaign calls for the support of Master Builders' policy 'wish list' to back small business, stop the bullying on building sites, boost house building activity and train more apprentices," she said.
"Our Election Scorecard will inform our members across the country about how the major parties respond," Denita Wawn said.
"Advertising will be rolled out across the country opposing the abolition of the Australian Building and Construction Commission (ABCC) and an increase in capital gains tax and restrictions on negative gearing," she said.
"Both of these issues are of the utmost importance to our members - the builders and tradies that underpin a strong economy in cities, towns and regions around the country. They are both long standing policy positions of the organisation and we have an obligation to our members to stand up for what is important to them," Denita Wawn said.
"Union bullying in the construction sector is not tolerated anywhere else in the community but unions persist in using bullying tactics to hold the industry and the community to ransom. Union bullying drives up construction costs by 30%, forcing the community to pay more for schools and hospitals and other taxpayer funded infrastructure," she said.
"Doubling capital gains tax and restrictions on negative gearing will mean that up to 42,000 new homes are not built, up to 32,000 less jobs will be created and that up an $11.8 billion hit on the building industry will occur," Denita Wawn said.
"Our industry makes a huge contribution to a strong economy so Master Builders does not want to see economic growth put at risk by policies that give a green light to union bullying or result in less new homes being built," she said.
"Both major parties boast of their plans for a strong economy. They must acknowledge that as the nation's second largest industry, largest provider of full time jobs and with more than 370,000 small business, a successful building and construction industry is fundamental to achieving economic growth and higher living standards," Denita Wawn said.
"The Strong Building Strong Economy Campaign provides an opportunity for our members "voice" to be heard, the voice of an industry that is integral to the future success of our nation," Denita Wawn said.
Read more: Strong Building, Strong Economy Manifesto
Media Release April 9, 2019
Master Builders Launches Campaign For 2019 Federal Election
Audio April 9, 2019
Master Builders: Labor's negative gearing will cause downturn


The landscape of the house is a very important aspect to many people as it is the collaboration and relationship between the house and its grounds, the symbiotic marriage between the outside and inside. The landscape covers all visible areas of land and is often considered in terms of its aesthetic appeal, so it is no wonder why the overall look of a house and its grounds is a huge part of a properties appeal. With the aesthetics of a house being an element that is on the rise, we have showcased some of the best examples of landscape design to give you inspiration and ideas if you are planning on trying to change your properties aesthetic. Whether you are thinking of changing the appearance of the exterior of your home to give it a fresh new look, or want to tidy up your garden and plant trees and other vegetation, then this category will provide you with all the inspiration and ideas you need to help lead you in the right direction. It will give you some great tips on how to make the most of your garden and surrounding areas and also ways to make your landscape look more balanced and inviting.
As you scroll through the images in this category, you will see some of the most beautiful and inspirational landscapes to feast your eyes upon. These images will help you think about areas of improvement and tips on what you can do to increase the positive aesthetics of your home. You will find photographs of different houses from large, regal houses, to small, cosy homes that will give you a wide scope of choice when choosing a landscape of a similar size to your own. This category will give you some great ideas which will help you to design and create the best landscape to frame your home.
There is so much opportunity to make the best of your landscape, with gardens and exteriors being the first common choice. A lot of the examples in this category has freshly painted exteriors with bright white window surrounds and immaculate gardens that really help add to their appeal. There are also examples of objects such as fountains and ornaments that will help your garden to look loved and appreciated.
As you look through the images you will see plenty of examples of brilliant landscape designs with varying styles, themes and embellishments, all of which have helped to create a wonderful space for the owners with the added benefit of positive aesthetics. There are lots of images to look through, with each one giving you a new take and different direction to consider. There are also keywords attached to each image so you can find out more about certain styles or ideas.


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Publishing Photo Books: Success Tips from Brad Mangin
Sports photographer Brad Mangin and co-author Brian Murphy at Wrigley Field
As the 2015 baseball season starts winding to a close, we caught up with Brad Mangin, accomplished sports photographer and longtime friend of PhotoShelter. Brad has now published four wonderful photography books — one titled Instant Baseball featuring his unique style of up-close and personal, all access Instagrams with professional ballplayers, plus three commemorative books covering championship seasons for the San Francisco Giants (Worth The Wait (2010), Never Say Die (2012), and Championship Blood (2014) as a freelancer for Major League Baseball, Sports Illustrated, and other leading editorial publications.
We asked Brad to share his book publishing experiences with the PhotoShelter community. Having experienced the process of compiling, editing, producing, and marketing photography books (now four times) affords Brad some amazing insights. We asked Brad to dig into everything from choosing a publisher to contract terms and design intentions – his responses are candid and very helpful.
What prompted you to first start publishing books?
First and foremost I got lucky when the baseball team I have followed since childhood, the San Francisco Giants, won the World Series in 2010. It was the first time they had won the title since they moved to San Francisco from New York in 1958 so it was a huge deal in the Bay Area. Once I got home from shooting the clinching game in Arlington, Texas I knew I had the pictures that would make a great book. I had photographed close to 50 games including spring training, regular season, and post-season. I called my good friend and terrific writer Brian Murphy and told him we had to do a book. I told him, "You have the words, I have a pictures." Murph is a Bay Area kid like myself who has followed the team since childhood and had moved from sportswriting to becoming the host of the morning radio show from 5-9am on the Giants 50,000 watt flagship radio station in San Francisco KNBR 680.
Photo by Chris Gruener/Cameron + Company
I called a literary agent I knew, Amy Rennert, and pitched my idea. Since Amy is a Giants fan and understands the local market she loved the idea and knew that having Murph be a part of the book would be a huge plus. Not only is he a fabulous writer, but his ability to promote the book daily on his morning radio show to Giants fans all over was a huge bonus. I quickly learned that publishing a book about a team that wins a title in a local market is a million times easier than publishing a general interest book that does not have a concentrated fan base. A publisher needs to know that they will be able to sell books if they are going to invest in publishing your idea. Printing big and expensive photo books is not cheap. When a local team wins a World Series like the Giants you instantly have a huge market of enthusiastic fans who are excited to buy many collectibles to help them remember the special season.
When we started doing book signings we quickly realized all of this. Our book events were like Giants pep rallies with fans lined up outside waiting for us, dressed in Giants colors. They couldn't wait to get in and have us sign their books. They all wanted to tell us who their favorite players were (in 2010 it was Buster Posey and Tim Lincecum) and what games they went to during the postseason.
Can you describe the basic financial arrangements for the Giants books?
My co-author and I Brian Murphy are equal partners on all three of the Giants books we have done. This means that the contract our agent Amy negotiates for us calls for the traditional authors' royalties to be cut in half into equal 50/50 shares between the two of us. Our agent also gets a share for all of the hard work she does for us. Like many contracts, we get a typical advance divided into three equal parts: upon signing the contract, upon accepting the manuscript, and upon publication. This advance goes against royalties that are paid to us based upon total retail sales. We get a percentage of sales up until we hit a certain number. Once we sell more, our percentage goes up. We also have a bonus coming to us if we hit a certain number.
This contract is pretty typical for someone like me having a book published the old school way where the publisher pays for everything and I assume none of the risk. My publisher makes all of the initial investment of putting the book together and having it printed in China, then having it shipped back over here to the US on an incredibly tight deadline to hit bookstores in time for opening day. Shipping is expensive! I am not paying anything out of my pocket for this, and since self-publishing would not be possible- at least with high quality- on a tight deadline like this for a book about a team that wins a World Series on October 29, 2014. (Our deadline was making sure the book was out and ready for sale by baseball's Opening Day, April 5, 2015 – only 5 months to get everything done!)
How would you describe a "success"? Strictly by the number of books sold?
I think there are many ways to describe a "success". For me each book has been a huge success, but in different ways. My first Giants book on the 2010 team (Worth the Wait) was my first so it will always be special. Yet I really didn't know what I was doing so there were so many things I would have done differently. We sold a bunch of books 17,000- the entire print run) mostly because it was the Giants official book and it was the club's first title. The fans were just crazy for anything related to the team. My new book on the 2014 team (Championship Blood) is my favorite book to date because after doing several earlier I learned so many things. This time I was going to do what I wanted and my awesome publisher Cameron + Company agreed with everything I wanted. I asked for a large, oversized art book. I wanted nice paper, an expensive cover price and a small print run. I told my publisher Chris Gruener that I didn't really care how many we sold- I just wanted to finally have my dream book. We printed 5,000, and thanks to Chris and our incredible creative director Iain Morris, I have my dream book.
When the Giants won the 2014 World Series, their third in the current dynasty, was there any question that another book would be produced?
There was no question we would do a book after they won. The funny thing is the team barely made it into the playoffs, so when my publisher started texting Murph and me in early October about doing a book, I didn't want to jinx their chances so I refused to discuss it! From there, the Giants run was pretty miraculous. They won Game 7 of the World Series in Kansas City on October 29, 2014. The parade was on Halloween in San Francisco. We met with the publisher at the Marin Brewing Company on Monday, November 3, 2014. That is the date we agreed to do a book. We had to work fast. In order to have a book by opening day 2015 we would have to have the files of the finished book delivered to China by December 19. This meant we had six weeks to edit pictures, lay out the book, do all the pre-press, etc. And oh yeah- Murph had to write player profiles on a dozen guys and we had to get a foreward and afterward and a million other details taken care of. Six weeks is not much time!
Each book has taken on a new format and the latest is distinctly a "coffee table book" – can you describe the considerations that went into these decisions?
The first book we really didn't have a choice as the Giants chose the publisher and he had a format in mind. It was totally fine for our first book and the price point was good to move books at $25. By the time this third book came around I did not want to do anything like we had in the past. What would be the point? I brought a big a beautiful book "Athlete" by Walter Iooss to our meeting on November 3 with me. The book had many huge, full bleed images. It was clean and simple and it was BIG. I told everyone I was not messing around and I wanted big and bold. I wanted heavy and expensive. Our creative director Iain Morris was on the same page with me and was ready. One great change he made was to take my original idea of doing a book in portrait form (vertical) and doing it landscape (horizontal) instead. He said this would give him more creative design options and man, was he right. It also allowed us to run some of my pictures 28 inches across a two page spread (the book is 14 x 11 inches).
Iain pulled out all the stops on this one. The dust jacket on our cover has french folds, which is very classy and rarely seen these days. The hard cover surface of our book also has a completely different cover on it, so if you were to take off the dust jacket you would see another cover!
Can you explain how you've promoted the book?
My partner Murph talked about it every day on 50,000 watts of morning drive time radio on the Giants flagship radio station 🙂 We have been tweeting a bunch. I set up a website (www.championshipbloodbook.com) that talks about the book and listed all of our bookstore events. This works great for twitter and radio — if people ask when and where we will be next we just tell them to go to the website. We had 100 review copies of the book air freighted in during the month of February to get out early to various people to help create a buzz. Murph I hand delivered many copies to many writers at spring training in Arizona. We also gave copies to everyone on the Giants broadcast crew.
We also made an appearance on the local nightly sports talkshow in San Francisco, Yahoo Sports Talk Live, produced by Comcast. We were live in-studio promoting the book and it went really well. Once the season started, I did a number of radio appearances on some of the shows on the Giants station KNBR, and lots of book signings.
Have the books led to additional work opportunities?
That is a great question and really hard to say directly. I would like to think so!
Any bumps in the road you can share as watchouts for other photographers?
No one cares as much about the book as you do. No one will want to promote the book as much as you do. It is up to you to get off your ass and do all you can to promote the book via social media, friends in the print and electronic media, etc. Don't be bashful and know your market. My market is easy- San Francisco Giants fans and I know how to reach them.
Don't try and design your own book- it will look awful. Working with a world-class designer like I have in Iain Morris has really opened my eyes. Taking my traditional sports pictures shot with 35mm cameras and my Instagrams show with my iPhone and combining them into my newest book the way Iain did is just incredible. People pay me to take pictures- they don't pay me to design books.
Any other lessons learned?
It really helps to have some good friends who are great writers. I am incredibly lucky to have a partner like Murph. I have known him for over 20 years and I could not have a better co-author. Never settle for someone who you are not comfortable with. Make sure your partner is as enthusiastic about the subject as you are. Murph and I are nuts for Giants baseball and could talk to you for hours about Mike Ivie and the 1978 team. We are not frauds. We are legit – and the fans can tell – it helps us sell books.
The book publishing experience was incredible and I would certainly look to do more if the right situation came up.
Now, I am focused on broadening my career opportunities. The industry continues to change for freelance sports photographers. At the moment, I'm exploring some opportunities with sports related brands who like my Instagram approach and want to bring that authenticity to the way they present their brand in social media with my photography. Even at this stage in my career, I'm learning that everything I do is a new foundation. Constant reinvention is so important based on how the market is changing and where great photography is in high demand. I'm always looking for ways to do things differently. This has been very exciting for me, given my career has always been about editorial photography, so it's a whole new experience to bridge the gap to work both on the brand side and for exciting new media outlets.
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Mario September 28, 2015 at 2:32 am
I had a photo book consisting of memories when our team won its first world cup back in 1992 (Cricket world cup). Still gives me goose-bumps whenever I go through the images. And I have had the pleasure of going through "Championship Blood" some time ago, and I loved it (despite the fact that I don't follow baseball)
Really enjoyed this guide. I was planning to publish some of my travel photos in form of a book, but wasn't sure about the promotions and sales part. This guide explains it quite well.
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Erik: Did you know polar bears won't eat penguins?
Robin: Hmm, no I didn't know that.
Erik: Yeah, because polar bears are on the north pole and penguins are on the south pole.
We are attempting a radio show tonight at 6:30, one can only imagine what we'll end up discussing.
So…it's the same reason that tigers don't eat penguins?
Wow. I never really thought about it.
U guys talk about some of the weirdest things lol.
TMP – Haha, these are the things that come out of his brain.
BPR – Insanity I tell you!
HeatherB – I know it, we're so damn weird.
That's why I don't eat penguins, too.
TMP – I know it.
Cute cartoon. I'd forgotten that little fact. Have fun with your radio show!


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San Martín del Progreso är en ort i Mexiko.   Den ligger i kommunen San Felipe Tepatlán och delstaten Puebla, i den sydöstra delen av landet,  km nordost om huvudstaden Mexico City. San Martín del Progreso ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är .

Terrängen runt San Martín del Progreso är kuperad åt nordost, men åt sydväst är den bergig. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Cerro Alto,  meter över havet,  km väster om San Martín del Progreso. Runt San Martín del Progreso är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är Olintla,  km öster om San Martín del Progreso. Omgivningarna runt San Martín del Progreso är en mosaik av jordbruksmark och naturlig växtlighet.

Kustklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är maj, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är december, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är september, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är december, med  mm nederbörd.

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On 6/21/2011, the Boston NPR station (WBUR) had an interesting report on how "payment reform" is affecting Massachusetts doctors "in the trenches".
1) Global payments don't get the patient involved in containing costs.
2) No one even knows how much things cost.
3) The problem with risk-sharing is the risk.
4) Without full information, how can we take full risk?
5) How do you operationalize it?
7) More consolidation to come.
Each of these seven points is covered in more detail in the full article, "Payment Reform: Panacea Or Debacle? A View From Middle Massachusetts".
Again, the problems in Massachusetts serve as a canary-in-the-coal-mine for the rest of the United States.