text:
license: >
    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    distributed with this work for additional information
    regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
    with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
    software distributed under the License is distributed on an
    "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
    KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
    specific language governing permissions and limitations
    under the License.

title: Overview
---

# Overview

Cordova is an open-source mobile development framework. It allows you
to use standard web technologies such as HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript
for cross-platform development, avoiding each mobile platforms' native
development language.  Applications execute within wrappers targeted
to each platform, and rely on standards-compliant API bindings to
access each device's sensors, data, and network status.

Use Cordova if you are:

* a mobile developer and want to extend an application across more
  than one platform, without having to re-implement it with each
  platform's language and tool set.

* a web developer and want to deploy a web app that's packaged for
  distribution in various app store portals.

* a mobile developer interested in mixing native application
  components with a _WebView_ (browser window) that can access
  device-level APIs, or if you want to develop a plugin interface
  between native and WebView components.

## Basic Components

Cordova applications rely on a common `config.xml` file that provides
information about the app and specifies parameters affecting how it
works, such as whether it responds to orientation shifts. This file
adheres to the W3C's
[Packaged Web App](http://www.w3.org/TR/widgets/),
or _widget_, specification.

The application itself is implemented as a web page, named
_index.html_ by default, that references whatever CSS, JavaScript,
images, media files, or other resources are necessary for it to run.
The app executes as a _WebView_ within the native application wrapper,
which you distribute to app stores.  For the web app to interact with
various device features the way native apps do, it must also reference
a `cordova.js` file, which provides API bindings.

The Cordova-enabled WebView may provide the application with its
entire user interface. It can also be a component within a larger,
hybrid application that mixes the WebView with native application
components.  Cordova provides a _plugin_ interface for these
components to communicate with each other.

## Development Paths

The easiest way to set up an application is to run the `cordova`
command-line utility, also known as the _command-line interface_
(CLI). (To install the CLI, see [The Command-line Interface](../cli/index.html).)
Depending on the set of platforms you wish to target, you can rely on
the CLI for progressively greater shares of the development cycle:

* In the most basic scenario, you can use the CLI simply to create a
  new project that is populated with default configuration for you to
  modify.

* For many mobile platforms, you can also use the CLI to set up
  additional project files required to compile within each SDK.  For
  this to work, you must install each targeted platform's SDK.
  (See the [Platform Guides](../platforms/index.html) for instructions.)
  As indicated in the Platform Support table below, you may need to
  run the CLI on different operating systems depending on the targeted
  platform.

* For supporting platforms, the CLI can compile executible
  applications and run them in an SDK-based device emulator.

  For comprehensive testing, you can also generate application files
  and install them directly on a device.

At any point in the development cycle, you can also rely on
platform-specific SDK tools, which may provide a richer set of
options.
(See the [Platform Guides](../platforms/index.html) for details about each platform's SDK tool set.)
An SDK environment is more appropriate if you want implement a hybrid
app that mixes web-based and native application components.

You may use the command-line utility to initially generate the app, or
iteratively thereafter to feed updated code to SDK tools.  You may
also build the app's configuration file yourself.

## Platform Support

The following shows the set of development tools and device APIs
available for each mobile platform. (Column headers display the
CLI's shorthand stubs.)

        <tt>android</tt>
        <tt>blackberry</tt> (6)
        <tt>blackberry10</tt>
        <tt>ios</tt>
        <tt>wp7</tt> (Windows
Phone 7)
        <tt>wp8</tt> (Windows
Phone 8)
        <tt>win8</tt>
(Windows 8)
        <tt>firefoxos</tt>
        <tt>tizen</tt>

        cordova
CLI
        Mac, Windows, Linux
        Mac, Windows
        Mac, Windows
        Mac
        Windows
        Windows

        Embedded
WebView
        (see details)

        (see details)

        Plug-in
Interface
        (see details)
        (see details)
        (see details)
        (see details)
        (see details)

        Platform APIs

        Accelerometer

        Camera

        Capture

        Compass

        (3GS+)

        Connection

        Contacts

        Device

        Events

        File

        no FileTransfer
        no FileTransfer

        Geolocation

        Globalization

        InAppBrowser

        Media

        Notification

        Splashscreen

        Storage

        localStorage only
        localStorage only


text:
MacDill Crew Operates Aerial ER To Rescue St. Croix Patients
Health News Florida | By Julio Ochoa
Published October 2, 2017 at 5:18 AM EDT
Crews on the ground in Atlanta take a patient from St. Croix off a C130.
Julio Ochoa
Destruction on the ground in St. Croix.
Ships in the port in St. Croix.
Palm trees remain windblown more than a week after Hurricane Maria struck St. Croix.
Medical supplies are unloaded from a C130 from MacDill that landed in St. Croix
A patient is taken off a plane from St. Croix that arrived in Atlanta.
Pilots fly from MacDill to St. Croix on a medical evacuation mission.
The C130's four propeller engines scream as it lifts off from MacDill Air Force base in Tampa.
The plane is loaded with pallets of medical supplies bound for St. Croix, nine days after the largest of the U.S. Virgin Islands took a direct hit from Hurricane Maria.
But the flight's true mission is getting patients in critical need of health care off the island and into hospitals in Columbia, South Carolina and Atlanta.
As the Caribbean recovers from Hurricanes Irma and Maria, the 45th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron is doing what it's known for: dropping in on emergencies.
But with this humanitarian hurricane response, the airborne medical team has shifted from the battle field to the battered shores of St. Croix.
So far, hundreds of patients have been brought to hospitals in South Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana and Mississippi.
Capt. Michael Plash is in charge of the flight crew. He spoke from the plane's flight deck on the approach to St. Croix.
"It's a massive operation that's going on," Plash said. "We have aircraft in and out, left and right, I mean it's crazy."
It's the crew's second mission to the island in three days. Maria blew down buildings, disfigured trees and left a field of debris across St. Croix. Much of the island is without power and running water.
"It kind of looks like an aerial shot where a tornado went through, but more widespread," Plash said.
Four hours after taking off, the C130 touches down.
The engines keep running as a forklift removes the pallets of supplies.
The crew then quickly converts the plane's fuselage into a mobile emergency room. Stretchers stacked three high run down the spine. Bags of medical equipment hang from the walls. Machines monitor vital signs.
Nine patients, some in wheelchairs, others on stretchers, board the plane and the medical staff starts caring for them.
Capt. Keri Lord-Morales leads the medical crew of flight nurses, doctors and a special critical care team.
"We have patients who have chronic illnesses that require dialysis and we have other things such as wounds that we are dealing with and mental health issues as well," Lord-Morales said.
Earl Shervington is one of the dialysis patients heading to the mainland. The 61 year old, who was born and raised in St. Croix, has failing kidneys and depends on machines to clean his blood three times a day.
Sitting on a stretcher inside the C130, Shervington says officials feared the hospital where he received dialysis would lose generator power.
"So what the government decided is to ship us out to somewhere that we can seek better help, which I think was a very good decision and a very good idea," Shervington said.
Lord-Morales says treating patients in the air comes with challenges that caregivers don't have on the ground. There's lower oxygen levels, temperature fluctuations and vibrations that can effect pain. She says patients can also become dehydrated.
"Those can affect their entire well-being and can change their status at any time," she said.
The members of the medical crew are reservists and many were working at hospitals throughout Florida when they got the call to serve.
Capt. Sandy Mandell is a trauma nurse at Orlando Regional Medical Center. Much like the staff in an emergency room, she says, the medial flight team doesn't typically know what types of patients they'll be treating ahead of time.
"We were told we were getting one patient load on the way down and we showed up and it completely changed, so flexibility is like a huge part of our job," Mandell said.
During the flight, a nurse on the plane coordinates with the hospitals in South Carolina. When the C130 touches down in Columbia, crews on the ground take over.
A second trip to Atlanta an hour later drops off the remaining patients. After roughly 12 hours of work, the crew can rest for the night.
The next day, the team returns to MacDill. There, another crew is already set to go, ready to rescue another group of patients.
Health News FloridaHurricane MariaMacDill Air Force Base45th Aeromedical Evacuation SquadronSt. CroixAmerican Homefront
Julio Ochoa is editor of Health News Florida.
See stories by Julio Ochoa
MacDill Personnel Evacuating St. Croix's Critical Patients
Military Crews Continue Mission To Transport Patients From Islands
Hurricane Maria Leaves Hospital In Puerto Rico Running On Generator Power

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Porter hoping to bloom for Essex in season finale
PUBLISHED: 07:00 10 September 2019
Jamie Porter of Essex during Upminster CC vs Essex CCC, Benefit Match Cricket at Upminster Park on 8th September 2019
If it's September in the Specsavers County Championship garden it must be time for that hardy perennial Jamie Porter to produce a late-summer flourish.
Porter is a late bloomer in more ways than one: he was 21, after all, when he made his Essex debut five years ago this week.
And the final knockings of the season have usually found him in outstanding wicket-taking form.
Two years ago Porter struck 18 times in the last three games as Essex celebrated winning the Championship for the first time in quarter of a century; last year the maturing seamer claimed 23 victims in the same time-frame, including career-best figures of 7-41.
Today, the 26-year-old returns to Edgbaston, where Essex sealed that title success in 2017 and provided lasting memories.
But that, Porter says, is in the past; the present is a new challenge.
He has 39 Championship wickets to his name this season (44 in all first-class matches) as he looks to pass the milestone 50 mark for the fifth year in succession.
"One thing I've learnt over the years is not to panic," said Porter as the magical figure looms.
"As long as you know you're bowling well, and you're doing the right things, then the rewards will come.
"Last year the wickets came in great clumps at the end of the season. I'm just hoping I can finish this season the same as I did then, and if I do I think it will play a big part in helping us win the title."
With three games to go, Essex lead Somerset at the top of Division One by two points.
Porter knows the permutations required to lift the trophy; they're quite simple really.
"I think the only way we can win it is if we go three from three. If we win our next two that will put a lot of pressure on Somerset because they've got two tough games [against third-placed Yorkshire followed by Hampshire away]. As do we.
"We've got Warwickshire away, which won't be easy, then Surrey at Chelmsford. They won the title last year and beat us at home; they're a seriously tough side.
"But if we can win those two, I'm hoping it will give us a bit of breathing space going into the last one at Taunton [against Somerset]."
With 320 first-class wickets, Porter is now an experienced member of a dominant Essex red-ball attack, adding: "It's been a crazy five years. It all happened quite quick.
"All I'm looking to do at the moment is keep getting better, keep improving, and hopefully I'll win some more titles for the club in the years to come."
He would also like to win some international recognition. He has seven caps for the England Lions, for whom he has taken 19 wickets, and was called up for three senior squads last summer without progressing into the XI.
"Obviously I want to get picked," he added. "I want it more than anything. But if I'm being honest I probably feel further away from playing for England than I felt a year ago.
"At the moment my focus is trying to win the title for Essex, keep taking wickets and hopefully if I keep doing what I've done for the last four or five years then my chance will come."
Essex could almost take up residency in Birmingham this month as they are due back at Edgbaston on Saturday week for Finals Day in the Vitality T20 Blast, where they are paired with Derbyshire Falcons in the afternoon semi-final.
Porter described the scenes surrounding their quarter-final win against Lancashire last week as "pretty mental" after picking up eight wickets in the three games he played at the climax of the Eagles' campaign.
"Obviously getting injured at the start of the competition wasn't ideal," he said.
"I pinched a disc in my back on day three of the Lions game [against an Australia XI in July], which was rather painful and took me a bit longer than I'd hoped to come back from.
"But thankfully when I got my opportunity I was able to contribute. I'm fighting fit now and ready for the high point of the season."


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text:
Molecular recognition—the non-covalent association of one molecule with another—is centrally important to biology. It guides the folding of proteins, the translation of DNA, the catalytic transformation of cellular metabolites, and the propagation of information throughout the cell (and between cells). The fundamental molecular driving forces involved in interactions between molecules have been enumerated (ionic, electrostatic, hydrophobic, etc.), but are not well understood, and the role of water in these driving forces is commonly neglected. Building a fundamental understanding of these interactions will facilitate the rational design of biologically active molecules—from antibodies to ligands, which could serve as drug leads—, and enable the engineering of novel biologically-inspired, protein-based materials.
We study molecular recognition in the contexts of protein-ligand interactions, protein crystallization, and multivalent receptor-ligand association. We integrate tools of calorimetry and thermodynamic analysis, protein crystallography and structural analysis, nuclear magnetic (NMR) resonance spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, and molecular dynamics simulations with the goal of building structure-function relationships that will help us to understand the molecular-level origins that guide affinity and specificity in biomolecular association (Figure 2).
The role of water
Water is a strong solvent and must therefore be included in the equations defining the equilibria of biomolecular recognition (Figure 1). We are particularly interested in the role water in hydrophobic interactions (1-5) and ionic interactions (6) (particularly those involving protein concavities), the relationship between protein surface chemistry and the interactions among proteins in their crystals (7). Our studies are designed to investigate the often encountered phenomenon of enthalpy-entropy compensation (H-S compensation) and to better understand structure-thermodynamic relationships in water, which would help to eventually break H-S compensation by molecular design (2,3,5,8,9).
Charged protein surfaces
Many proteins contain charged amino acids in their active sites, where they interact electrostatically with substrates—for binding or catalysis (Figure 3). Charged groups occur inside the protein (commonly referred to as 'salt bridges'), but also on the entire surface: Approx. 30% of the solvent-accessible surface of a globular protein (10).
Our interest focus on these solvent-exposed charges, and their relevance to folding, stability, solubility, and supramolecular aggregation in water (11-15). We use carbonic anhydrase as a model protein and charge ladders in capillary electrophoresis to study the average contributions of a particular charged group (e.g., NH3+ or COO- groups) on the exterior of the protein (Figure 4).
Multivalency
Multivalency—the interaction of a single molecule with another by multiple, separate connections—is a central concept in molecular recognition in biology (e.g. viruses, antibodies, lectins, immunological cell-cell interactions). It enables specific interactions, which collectively can be much stronger than the corresponding monovalent ones (16).
We are interested in designing multivalent interactions in model systems (Figure 5) with relevance to immunology (17,18) and in designing ultra-tight, non-covalent complexes, e.g., a complex stronger than biotin-avidin (19-21).
Figure 1. Simplified schematic for the binding of a small molecule (dark gray circle) to a cavity on a protein (gray area) in water. Both molecules are hydrated before they form a complex, and the water molecules in the hydration shell are free-energetically less favorable—either by enthalpy (red molecules) or entropy (yellow molecules), or both—than bulk water (colorless molecules). The final complex is also hydrated, and retains parts of the initial hydration shell.
Figure 2. A demonstration of the use of our model system human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) to examine the influence of differences in ligand structure—in the absence of differences in protein conformation—on binding. The ligands 1,3-thiazole-2-sulfonamide (TA) and benzo[d]thiazole-2-sulfonamide (BTA) differ by a benzene ring, but not in binding geometry and, thus, reveal the thermodynamic contribution of the benzene ring to binding (1).
Figure 3. A cartoon of a protein, showing three types of charges: in the active site, buried, and solvent-exposed (10).
Figure 4. Electropherograms of the charge ladders of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCA) produced by increasing acetylation of exposed lysines (i.e., neutralizing positive charges; top) or amidation of exposed carboxylates with hydroxylamine (i.e., neutralizing negative charges; bottom). A neutral marker (NM) is included to monitor electroosmotic flow (10).
Figure 5. The binding strength ('affinity' in monovalent interactions, 'avidity' in multivalent interactions) of a dimer of carbonic anhydrase to a divalent ligand depends on the length of the linker (18).
[1] Snyder, P.W., Mecinovic, J., Moustakas, D.T., Thomas, S.W., III, Harder, M., Mack, E.T., Lockett, M.R., Heroux, A., Sherman, W. & Whitesides, G.M.: Mechanism of the hydrophobic effect in the biomolecular recognition of arylsulfonamides by carbonic anhydrase; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108, 17889-17894 (2011).
[2] Lockett, M.R., Lange, H., Breiten, B., Heroux, A., Sherman, W., Rappoport, D., Yau, P.O., Snyder, P.W. & Whitesides, G.M.: The Binding of Benzoarylsulfonamide Ligands to Human Carbonic Anhydrase is Insensitive to Formal Fluorination of the Ligand; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 7714-7717 (2013).
[3] Breiten, B., Lockett, M.R., Sherman, W., Fujita, S., Al-Sayah, M., Lange, H., Bowers, C.M., Heroux, A., Krilov, G. & Whitesides, G.M.: Water Networks Contribute to Enthalpy/Entropy Compensation in Protein-Ligand Binding; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 15579-15584 (2013).
[4] Snyder, P.W., Lockett, M.R., Moustakas, D.T. & Whitesides, G.M.: Is it the shape of the cavity, or the shape of the water in the cavity?; Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 223, 853-891 (2014).
[5] Fox, J.M., Kang, K., Sastry, M., Sherman, W., Sankaran, B., Zwart, P.H. & Whitesides, G.M.: Water-Restructuring Mutations Can Reverse the Thermodynamic Signature of Ligand Binding to Human Carbonic Anhydrase; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 3833-3837 (2017).
[6] Fox, J.M., Kang, K., Sherman, W., Heroux, A., Sastry, G.M., Baghbanzadeh, M., Lockett, M.R. & Whitesides, G.M.: Interactions between Hofmeister Anions and the Binding Pocket of a Protein; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 3859-3866 (2015).
[7] Kang, K., Choi, J.-M., Fox, J.M., Snyder, P.W., Moustakas, D.T. & Whitesides, G.M.: Acetylation of Surface Lysine Groups of a Protein Alters the Organization and Composition of Its Crystal Contacts; The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, 6461-6468 (2016).
[8] Krishnamurthy, V.M., Bohall, B.R., Semetey, V. & Whitesides, G.M.: The Paradoxical Thermodynamic Basis for the Interaction of Ethylene Glycol, Glycine, and Sarcosine Chains with Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase II: An Unexpected Manifestation of Enthalpy/Entropy Compensation; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 5802-5812 (2006).
[9] Fox, J.M., Zhao, M., Fink, M.J., Kang, K. & Whitesides, G.M.: The Molecular Origin of Enthalpy/Entropy Compensation in Biomolecular Recognition; Annual Review of Biophysics 47, 1-28 (2018).
[10] Gitlin, I., Carbeck, J.D. & Whitesides, G.M.: Why Are Proteins Charged? Networks of Charge–Charge Interactions in Proteins Measured by Charge Ladders and Capillary Electrophoresis; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 3022-3060 (2006).
[11] Gitlin, I., Mayer, M. & Whitesides, G.M.: Significance of Charge Regulation in the Analysis of Protein Charge Ladders; The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107, 1466-1472 (2003).
[12] Gudiksen, K.L., Gitlin, I., Yang, J., Urbach, A.R., Moustakas, D.T. & Whitesides, G.M.: Eliminating Positively Charged Lysine ε-NH3+ Groups on the Surface of Carbonic Anhydrase Has No Significant Influence on Its Folding from Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 4707-4714 (2005).
[13] Gudiksen, K.L., Gitlin, I., Moustakas, D.T. & Whitesides, G.M.: Increasing the Net Charge and Decreasing the Hydrophobicity of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase Decreases the Rate of Denaturation with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Biophys. J. 91, 298-310 (2006).
[14] Gitlin, I., Gudiksen, K.L. & Whitesides, G.M.: Peracetylated Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase (BCA-Ac18) Is Kinetically More Stable than Native BCA to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 110, 2372-2377 (2006).
[15] Gitlin, I., Gudiksen, K.L. & Whitesides, G.M.: Effects of Surface Charge on Denaturation of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase; ChemBioChem 7, 1241-1250 (2006).
[16] Mammen, M., Chio, S.-K. & Whitesides, G.M.: Polyvalent interactions in biological systems: implications for design and use of multivalent ligands and inhibitors; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 37, 2754-2794 (1998).
[17] Mack, E.T., Snyder, P.W., Perez-Castillejos, R. & Whitesides, G.M.: Using Covalent Dimers of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II To Model Bivalency in Immunoglobulins; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 11701-11715 (2011).
[18] Mack, E.T., Snyder, P.W., Perez-Castillejos, R., Bilgicer, B., Moustakas, D.T., Butte, M.J. & Whitesides, G.M.: Dependence of Avidity on Linker Length for a Bivalent Ligand-Bivalent Receptor Model System; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 333-345 (2012).
[19] Rao, J.H. & Whitesides, G.M.: Tight binding of a dimeric derivative of vancomycin with dimeric L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119, 10286-10290 (1997).
[20] Rao, J., Lahiri, J., Isaacs, L., Weis, R.M. & Whitesides, G.M.: A trivalent system from vancomycin·D-Ala-D-Ala with higher affinity than avidin·biotin; Science (Washington, D. C.) 280, 708-711 (1998).
[21] Rao, J., Lahiri, J., Weis, R.M. & Whitesides, G.M.: Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a High-Affinity Trivalent System Derived from Vancomycin and L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 2698-2710 (2000).


text:
Q: iPhone Settings Icon Graphics (Icon-Small@2x) Not Updating Has anyone ever had an issue with iPhone settings icons not updating with new graphics? I added a new Icon-Small@2x.png to my project, but when it builds to the device the settings app still uses the old graphic even though it's no longer there and even if I delete the app before installing! Note that in the simulator's setting app everything updates just fine.
What am I missing here? The exact name of the file is Icon-Small@2x.png, which is the exact name recommended by Apple, and I've made sure to add all my icon files to the info.plist.

A: Try Clean first, and then Build.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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A fantastic ripe and fruity red wine from Piedmont in Italy. A delicious blend of three grapes – very balanced with soft tannins & good body. A natural pairing with lamb, poultry & venison.
A light & velvety red wine which is very Burgundian in style. It is easy drinking with light tannins & red berry notes. Compliments charcuterie, pork & white meats.
A fantastic fizz from South Africa this is Champagne in style but not in price!
Norfolk fizz from Humbleyard, Norfolk.
Stay local with this light & delicious fizz – a real Norfolk treat!
For more information on prices and stockists visit TFW Fine Wines or call Tanja on 0794 123 1447.


text:
Now shall my inward joys arise...
Sacred Harp singing in the San Francisco Bay Area
Palo Alto All Day Singing
The texts and theology
Texts for a new psalter
Singing at home
Hooking new singers
Post author By Dan
2 Comments on Hooking new singers
Quite a few people came into the singing late tonight, mostly people I didn't recognize, and most of them sat in the tenor section as is recommended for new singers. But I didn't realize how many of them there were until I stood up to lead a song: we had four tenor benches set up with three to four people sitting in each bench; call it fourteen tenors. I looked at them with surprise and said, "Boy, there are a lot of you." Plus we had two new singers out of half a dozen in the alto section, and our usual half a dozen basses and four or five trebles: somewhere close to thirty people total.
We had good strong singers in each section, so it was a good singing, and at least the newcomers got to hear what Sacred Harp singing sounds like. But how many of them will come back? In the urban revival of Sacred Harp, we often call our local singings "practice singings," but you have to know the basics of how to sing Sacred Harp music before you can practice. In Berkeley, we have a monthly learner's group, which is fabulous, but that only happens once a month. I don't think we are particularly good at hooking new people who have little or no singing experience — most of our experienced singers in the urban revival either knew how to read music, or were pretty darned good musicians, before they ever showed up at one of our singings. Yes, there are exceptions — and my sense of those people is that they have a greater than ordinary innate ability, and a strong will.
I have to think that any viable Sacred Harp community in the urban revival either has to plan for at least one serious singing school each year, or has to gather the bulk of its singers from from other communities of experienced musicians. It's no accident that many of the urban revival Sacred Harp communities are affiliated with a university, sometimes with a for-credit course in Sacred Harp singing like the Sacred Harp class at Brown University that funnels singers into the Providence, R.I., local singing — or are close to a community of musicians, like Norumbega Harmony which sponsors an annual singing school at the New England Folk Festival. (Or check out this event for music educators.)
I'll be curious to see how many of tonight's new singers return, and how long they stick with it. I hope they all come back — it would be great fun to sing with 30 people each week, instead of a score or two dozen.
Tags Berkeley local singing, singing schools
← Dreams → Outdoors
2 replies on "Hooking new singers"
Rebecitasays:
I totally agree that we can never have too many singing schools. But one of the most awesome things about the singing on Monday was that many of those newer singers actually showed up specifically for the Learner's Group! It was great.
Dansays:
Hey, sometimes it all works out!
© 2021	Now shall my inward joys arise…


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Malibu Fire Update - All mandatory evacuations have been lifted. Canyon residents were allowed to return to their homes last night.
Containment: 90% The fire is expected to be fully containedby 6:00 p.m. on Monday, November 26.
Operations: Interior islands and minor pockets of unburned fuels continued to burn out well within containment lines throughout the day. Last night fire activity was limited to smoldering and minor burning of unburned fuels within containment lines. Crews continue to patrol and mop-up. Structure protection is still in effect where necessary.
Evacuations: All mandatory evacuations have been rescinded. All areas are planned to be opened with no restrictions as 1200 hours tomorrow.
Kanan Roadand Malibu Canyon Road are both open.


One of the traditions I've been most excited about, now that we have a baby, is matching family Christmas pajamas. I've been looking forward to this for such a long time, and it had to be documented!
Little did I know, it's actually nearly impossible to find actual matching family Christmas pajamas for the whole family. Sure, you can find similar prints that compliment each other. I wanted our first year to be as matchy as it gets.
I finally found these cute Burt's Bees pajamas. My family Christmas pajama dreams have come true! They are soft, cute, and I will definitely be wearing them all year round. I'm ALL about a good pair of pajamas, folks. Not to mention I was able to amazon prime them.
Having a baby around has made Christmas even more magical than usual! Michael opened up a few presents last night at our family Christmas Dinner, and it was the cutest thing.
Today we're doing an ugly sweater pot luck party at our house with family. Here are a few of the things I'm making in case you're in need of a last minute recipe! I tried to pick things that are simple and won't stress me out!
I also have a famous Carmel White Hot Chocolate (crock pot) recipe if you're looking for a sweet treat!
While the camera was around we decided to see what Michael would do if we left some cookies out for Santa. It's safe to say he LOVES them. #nosurprise. He couldn't get them into his mouth fast enough.


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Bar Harbor: Day Two
By Tracy Teare·	 6/21/2007, 3:49 p.m.
Sign up to get the best of Boston, every day.
From dawn 'til dusk—and beyond—here's the ultimate way to experience this beloved Maine destination.
ONCE A SUMMER HOT SPOT FOR SOCIETY'S UPPER CRUST, Bar Harbor still sizzles, but it's not at all crusty. An endearing mix of gritty seaside, New England charm, hip sophisticate and tourist kitsch, Bar Harbor's grid of streets and alleys fairly brims with a dizzying array of restaurants, shops, inns and galleries running back from Frenchman Bay. Of course, with Acadia—the northeast's gem of a national park where the mountains rise up from the sea—for a backdrop, they've got competition. For you, that means options, lots of them. Never fear; we've got your planning done. All that's left for you to do is sample the broad range of delicious local fare, rack up some amazing adventures and soak up the knockout scenery. We think you're up for the challenge.
Swing into Morning Glory (39 Rodick St., 207-288-3041) early for coffee and decadent cinnamon rolls or signature Morning Glory muffins (bran with coconut, raisins, pecans and carrots). Continue on to the Bar Harbor Bicycle Shop (141 Cottage St., 207-288-3886, barharborbike.com), where the friendly staff will set you up with wheels, maps and everything else you need for a spin on the 50-plus miles of carriage paths in Acadia. A good bet is the Eagle Lake/Jordan Pond ride, just under 20 miles, which takes roughly four hours with plenty of stops for photo ops at Eagle Lake, Jordan Pond and Bubble Pond.
After returning the bikes, trek back down Cottage Street to Main Street and grab lunch at Not Quite the Corner Deli (65 Main St., 207-288-1006), where you'll find unusual sandwiches such as smoked Atlantic salmon pastrami, roast pork loin with chipotle mayo and smoked gouda, and tuna niçoise wraps.
Happily fed, spend the afternoon exploring the village of Bar Harbor. Start with a walk along the Shore Path, which runs about a half mile from the town pier along Frenchman Bay to Wayman Lane and back to Main Street, with outstanding views of the Porcupine Islands and the lighthouse Egg Rock Light.
If you're up for shopping, this leaves you in the perfect spot. Start at Macey's (240 Main St., 207-288-0698), a funky little boutique with apparel from Citizens of Humanity, Eileen Fisher and XCVI, plus snappy bags, shoes and jewelry. Next stop, Window Panes (166 Main St., 207-288-9550), a fresh, inviting home store where you'll find everything from basics such as candles and kitchen gadgets to Cuisinart must-haves and Lee Spiller's natural stone vases. And if hiking and biking have whet your appetite for more, drop in to Cadillac Mountain Sports (26 Cottage St., 207-288-4532, cadillacmountain.com) to gear up for another adventure. With the main shop covering everything from yoga and hiking to board sports, plus three neighboring annexes that specialize in gear and clothing from The North Face, Patagonia and Nike, you're sure to find what you need.
In lieu of shopping, take a tour of the Abbe Museum (26 Mount Desert St., 207-288-3519, abbemuseum.org), which celebrates the culture and history of Maine's Native American tribes. This location, an annex to the original Sieur de Monts Spring location, opened in 2001 to give the museum much-needed space to display artifacts, an extensive basket collection, artwork from Maine's tribal schools and other rotating exhibits.
While you're in the neighborhood, don't miss out on a sweet treat from Mount Desert Island Ice Cream (7 Firefly Lane, mdiic.com). The shop was new to the scene in the spring of 2006, but with flavors such as Mexican chocolate, Nutella and blueberry basil sorbet—all made fresh daily by hand—word is getting out fast.
After a bustling day, it's time to switch gears. Ease the transition at the intimate piano bar at Michelle's Fine Dining (Ivy Manor Inn, 194 Main St., 888-670-1997, michellesfinedining.com), which is located in a comfortable French country inn. Then enjoy dinner by chef William Sellner Jr.—one of Donald Trump's wintertime chefs—who serves up remarkable French fare such as Sonoma Valley foie gras with Maine wild blueberries, lobster thermidor and blueberry soufflé. Mâche Bistro (135 Cottage St., 207-288-0447, machebistro.com), where the menu shifts weekly depending on local ingredients, is another great choice for a candlelit meal. Start with a specialty cocktail, such as a Maytag Martini (with Maytag blue cheese-stuffed olives) or a Mâche Madness (Stoli Ohranj with Chambord and lemon-lime-pineapple juice).
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Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences (SJMS) /
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in Pakistan
Habib -ur-Rahman Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2511-2730
External borrowing, Gross Domestic Product, Foreign Direct Investments
After World War II newly emerged nations inspired by industrialized countries of western world embarked upon economic development projects. Poverty ridden peoples of these countries had suffered at the hands of developed nations and they were anxious about adopting measures which could help alleviate poverty and bring socio-economic wellbeing. This urge compelled them to borrow from industrially advanced countries to gear up their development programs. Borrowing and then repaying with interest put them in a dangerous whirlpool of debt trap. Because with meager income they could not save to pay off their debts, therefore, outstanding amounts went on multiplying and many countries were afraid to be listed as defaulters. They were constrained to find out an alternate source of finances which could provide sufficient funds for initiating and completing development schemes. Thus, foreign direct investment was the only source which could help in not only implementing their planned development projects but also encouraged to undertake additional schemes of development and increase their gross domestic product growth rate. This paper discusses the circumstances which led to rely on foreign direct investment instead of borrowing from external sources. It also throws light on importance of foreign direct investment amidst other sources of financing.
Habib -ur-Rahman, Sarhad University of Science & Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Professor, Associate Dean, Faculty of Management Sciences
State Bank of Pakistan (2015).Handbook of Statistics on Pakistan Economy. www.sbp.org.pk/departments/stats/PakEconomy_HandBook/Chap-1.3.pdf
Ministry of Finance, Islamabad. Govt. of Pakistan (2018-19). Growth and Investment.
Dar, A. A., Bhatti, H. M. A., & Muhammad, T. (2016). FDI and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Sector Wise Multivariate Cointegration Analysis. The Pakistan Development Review, 67-88.
Guru SPREYA (2017). Role of Foreign Portfolio Investment and Foreign Direct Investmentâ€http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/microeconomics/foreign-investment/role-of-foreign-portfolio-investment-and-foreign-direct-investment/38226 accessed and retrieved on 1-1-2020.
Das Sthiti ( )Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) In India (Since 1991) http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/india-2/foreign-direct-investment-fdi-in-india-since-1991/47523 accessed and retrieved on 01-01-2020.
Corporate Finance Institute, Vancouver, Canada in its publication "Foreign Direct Investment an International Business. accessed and retrieved on 01-01-2020. www.corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/economics/foreign-direct-investment-fdi
Legace Martha (2006). How South Africa Challenges Our Thinking on FDIwww.hbswk.hbs.edu/Pages/browse.aspx accessed and retrieved on 01-01-2020
Tasneem Amna and Baber (2017). Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Performance of Pakistan: Is There Any Relation?www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09765239.2011.11884944 Accessed and retrieved on 01-01-2020
Irfan et al (2014). Domestic Investment, Foreign Direct Investment, and Economic Growth Nexus: A case of Pakistan. www.hindawi.com/journals/ecri/2014/592719/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign, accessed and retrieved on 01=01-2020
Luis R de Mello (2007).Foreign direct investment in developing countries and growth: A selective survey†www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220389708422501?src=recsys, Accessed and retrieved on 01-01-2020.
Tejvan Pettinger (February 16, 2017) Foreign Direct Investment. www.economicshelp.org/blog/4987/economics/foreign-direct-investment/Accessed and retrieved on 01-01-2020.
Mio Wang (2009). Manufacturing FDI and economic growth: evidence from Asian economiespublished in Journal of Applied Economics Volume 41.www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00036840601019059 accessed and retrieved on 02-01-2020.
PL Beena, Laveesh Bhandari, SumonBhaumik, (SubirGokarn and Anjali Tandon( ). Foreign Direct Investment in India. www.assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/57a08cca40f0b64974001448/drc04_india.pdf -accessed and retrieved on 02-01-2020.
IBEF(2019) Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)www.ibef.org/economy/foreign-direct-investment.aspx-accessed and retrieved on 02-01-2020.
Adeolu B. Ayanwale (2007) FDI and Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria†https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/2677. Accessed and retrieved on 02-01-2020.
Najabat and Hamis (2017). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Economic Growth of Pakistan http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.economics.20170704.01.html. Accessed and retrieved on 02-01-2020.
WDI-World Bank data base Pakistan.https://data.worldbank.org/country/pakistan. Accessed and retrieved on 18-11-2019.
State Bank of Pakistan. International Investment Position of Pakistan. http://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/Invest_pk.pdfaccessed and retrieved on 28-11-2019.
State Bank of Pakistan,Statistical Bulletin 2008-2013. http://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/stat_reviews/Bulletin/index.html. Accessed and retrieved on 03-12-2019.
Dawn (23-12-2019).Foreign investment jumps by 137% in first quarter of FY20: SBP data.https://www.dawn.com/news/1511386. Accessed and retrieved on 23-12-2019.
Hussain-Ishrat( 26-10-2017) A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN'S DEBT PROBLEM (Foreign aid disbursement in different political regimes).Page 12 and 15 https://ishrathusain.iba.edu.pk/speeches/AnalysisofPakistansDebtSituation2000-2017-.accessed and retrieved on 24-12-2019.
Majid Aisha (2017) Financial Statement Analysis 2012-2016: Toyota Indus Motor Company--www.academia.edu/32819934/Financial_Statement_Analysis_2012016_Toyota_Indus_Motor_Comapny. Accessed and retrieved on 03-01-2020.
Hussain, Ishrat (2018). CEPEC & Pakistani Economy An appraisal, Center of Excellence for CEPEC,Islamabad. http://cpec.gov.pk/brain/public/uploads/documents/CPEC-and-Pakistani-Economy_An-Appraisal.pdf. Accessed and Retrieved on 14-01-2020.
Vol. 7 No. 2 (2021): Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences (SJMS)
Submission of an original manuscript to the Journal will be taken to mean that it represents original work not previously published, that it is not being considered elsewhere for publication. And if accepted for publication, it will be published in print and online and it will not be published elsewhere.
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Sarhad Journal of Management Sciences is published by Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar. This copyright statement entails that all contents (including text, tables, graphs, images, or any materials that is part and parcel of a research article submitted to the journal) belong to/ property of the person who owned it prior to submission this journal. Publication of the submitted article will not affect the ownership of copyright of the subject materials. SJMS and its users benefit from a general licence over all content submitted under a Creative Commons CC-BY licence over all content. However, content which is not part of the submitted article, is the property of SJMS and may not be downloaded or copied without Frontiers' explicit and specific permission or in accordance with any specific copyright notice attached to that material. In a nutshell, the combination of all content on the SJMS website, the look and feel of the website, is the property of Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar.
As an author or contributor, you grant permission to others to reproduce your articles, including any graphics and third-party materials supplied by you, in accordance with the SJMS Terms and Conditions. The licence granted to third parties over all contents of each article, including third-party elements, is a Creative Commons Attribution ("CC BY") licence. The current version is CC-BY, version 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), and the licence will automatically be updated as and when updated by the Creative Commons organisation.
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I have never had a pleasant experience with AI customer service. I find that actual call center employees rarely have the authority to make the accommodations you need, nevermind any kind of bot. I think that companies need to be careful when considering replacing their current customer service call centers with AI technology. In fact, Discover has taken the opposite approach. A key marketing campaign of theirs was centered around customer support being human after the first ring. Clearly, real human interactive is still extremely important to consumers, especially when dealing with issues.
Shortly after the initial launch of Google Glass, the product was deemed largely unsuccessful and temporarily pulled from the market. One of the major reasons Glass failed was because of its physical appearance. Bose just released "smart glasses" which look far more like regular eye wear than Glass. I think for Glass to become more commonplace, Google would have to alter the appearance to make them more appealing. However, I think Glass' use by doctors could be beneficial and even disruptive, but Google would have to add HIPAA-level security to Glass.
Ari, great read. I definitely see the use for the health sector. Being able to see hands-free through a useful tool like that the information that a doctor needs for their patient, perhaps even in the midst of an emergency situation, would definitely be a disruptive and high-value addition to any hospital. That said, I agree with Nicole that Google has to do some retooling. While I love the idea of Google Glass and would definitely be tempted to purchase it myself, I couldn't see myself wearing the actual product. Google does have the luxury of their core competencies in technology and data though, which should allow them to quickly advance the market once they modify their original design to be more consumer friendly.
Business Communications – Learning how write better emails, make better powerpoint slides, and give better presentations are all transferable skills that have greatly assisted me in my internship this summer, and without a doubt will come in handy in the future as well.


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Charters in the News Press Releases
State Charter Schools Commission Returns More than $2 Million in Funds to Georgia Classrooms
July 7, 2014, Atlanta, GA – Georgia's State Charter Schools Commission (SCSC) reports that at the close of fiscal year 2014, it has returned more than $2 million in funds to state charter schools.
Earlier this year, the Commission also voted to decrease its administrative fee from 3 percent to just under 2 percent, resulting in savings of approximately $1,674,000 to state authorized charter schools.
When the Commission closed its books on FY2014, it unanimously voted to return any surplus funds to state charter schools to cover their expenses in the upcoming school year.
"It is remarkable, unusual, and commendable, that the State Charter Schools Commission has not only lowered its fees but has voluntarily reinvested a surplus back into Georgia classrooms," said Dr. Tony Roberts, CEO and president of the Georgia Charter Schools Association. "Those who predicted that the Commission would become yet another bloated and bureaucratic state agency, were dead wrong. The charter Commissioners have proven themselves to be efficient stewards of state dollars who are dedicated to high quality pubic schools."
Cheryl Weathersby, CFO and Business Manager for Pataula Charter Academy in Edison, GA said, "This shows exactly why we appreciate the work of our authorizer, The State Charter Schools Commission. They continue to demonstrate their trust in their schools and in the charter school movement. The funds they are distributing back to us will be funneled directly to the classrooms. We will continue to work together to put Georgia's children first."
The Georgia Charter Schools Association is the charter school membership organization for all of Georgia and is the only entity in the state whose sole purpose supporting and advancing Georgia's charter school sector. The mission of the Georgia Charter Schools Association is to improve student achievement and promote educational choice by serving and advocating for public charter schools in Georgia.
Published : July 7, 2014	| Category : Charters in the News, Press Releases


If you are looking for one of the biggest best top things to do for halloween in Southern California San Diego in the Downtown Gaslamp district check out the Sidebar Halloween 2017 Tickets DISCOUNT PROMO CODE San Diego event. Wether you are looking for Tickets, Wrist Bands, Passes, Vip table bottle service pricing packages, transportation and night life events then you have come to the right page.
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Boston Money Laundering Defense Lawyers - Cunha & Holcomb, P.C.
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+++++Crimes involving fraudulent financial transactions are pursued aggressively by Massachusetts' prosecutors, state and federal. Those facing financial crimes need to be represented by an experienced defense lawyer, who knows how to intervene with the government effectively, the sooner the better.
+++++If state or federal investigators want to speak to you, politely decline, then call the Boston money laundering defense lawyers at Cunha & Holcomb. Our attorneys have decades of experience defending those who have been accused of white collar crimes such as money laundering, fraud, embezzlement and governmental corruption.
+++++Attorney Jack Cunha leads our criminal practice. He has a 40-year track record for successfully handling complex criminal cases. He and our team of criminal defense attorneys take a hands-on approach to representing clients, working relentlessly to ensure that we build the best possible defense.
+++++We represent clients with success who are charged with complex offenses in state and federal courts. Jack Cunha has procured trial acquittals in several federal RICO (Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) cases . When you work with our downtown Boston law firm, you have the benefit of knowing that a team of experienced defense lawyers will be working on your case at all times.
+++++Experience counts and criminal charges can affect your professional career, your personal life and more. Take initiative and contact our Boston money laundering defense lawyers to learn about – and protect – your rights.
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Listed below are websites relating to White River High School in White River, SD. If you have a WRHS website that you are aware of, please submit it below and we will review it and add it to this list if it is approved. Or, if you operate a website, please submit it below.
In what state (abbreviation) is White River High School located?


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Born, John MacAdam, Scottish engineer and road builder (macadam road construction)
Born, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, Dutch physicist (liquid helium, extreme refrigeration, superconductivity, Nobel 1913 "for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium")
Born, H. G. Wells, British science fiction author (The War of the Worlds, The Time Machine)
J. Perrotin discovered asteroid #149 Medusa.
J. Palisa discovered asteroid #269 Justitia.
M. Wolf and A. Schwassmann discovered asteroid #458 Hercynia.
L. Carnera discovered asteroid #478 Tergeste.
A. Kopff discovered asteroid #672 Astarte; J. Palisa discovered asteroid #671 Carnegia.
A. Kopff discovered asteroid #693 Zerbinetta.
Born, Donald A. Glaser, American physicist (Nobel 1960 "for the invention of the bubble chamber")
G. Neujmin discovered asteroid #1123 Shapleya.
P. Shajn discovered asteroid #1475 Yalta.
Y. Vaisala discovered asteroids #1495 Helsinki and #1928 Summa.
E. Delporte discovered asteroid #1543 Bourgeois; S. Arend discovered asteroid #2231 Durrell; Y. Vaisala discovered asteroids #2379 Heiskanen, #2454 Olaus Magnus and #3522.
Born, Bjarni Valdimar Tryggvason (at Reykjavik, Iceland), CSA payload specialist astronaut (STS 85; nearly 11d 20.5h in spaceflight)
CSA astronaut Bjarni Tryggvason, NASA photo
ref: www.asc-csa.gc.ca
The German Consortium for Rocket Technology ('Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Raketentechnik' - AFRA, later DAFRA) was founded by Friedrich Staats and 11 other enthusiasts in Bremen.
ref: web.archive.org
Born, Richard James "Rick" Hieb (at Jamestown, North Dakota, USA), NASA astronaut (STS 39, STS 49, STS 65; over 31d 22.5h total time in spaceflight)
Astronaut Rick Hieb, NASA photo
The first USAF Blue Scout rocket was fired from Cape Canaveral, Florida, which lofted its Radiation Probe (HETS) payload 16,600 miles above the Earth, the first of 11 such tests, but no data were received due to a radio malfunction.
USSR's Zond 5 splashed down in the Indian Ocean, returning from the first successful circumlunar Earth return mission.
Zond 5 was launched 14 September 1968 from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (68-076B) in Earth parking orbit to make scientific studies during a Lunar flyby and to return to Earth, an unmanned test flight of the Soviet manned spacecraft equipment. En route to the Moon, the main stellar attitude control optical surface became contaminated and was rendered unusable. Backup sensors were used to guide the spacecraft. On 18 September 1968, the spacecraft flew around the Moon, the closest approach being 1,950 km. High quality photographs of the Earth were taken from a distance of 90,000 km.
A biological payload of turtles, wine flies, meal worms, plants, seeds, bacteria, and other living matter was included in the flight. According to the Russian Academy of Sciences, the pilot's seat was occupied by a 175 cm tall, 70 kg mannequin containing radiation detectors.
Returning to Earth, the gyroscopic platform went off line due to a ground operator error, making the planned guided entry impossible, forcing the spacecraft controllers to use a direct ballistic entry. Unlike the Zond 4 mission, which had re-entered over western Africa in April, the self destruct command was not given. On 21 September 1968, the reentry capsule entered Earth's atmosphere. Communications with Zond 5 were lost as it re-entered over the South Pole. It had to re-enter at an angle of 5 to 6 degrees to the horizontal: One degree too high, and it would skip off the atmosphere and be lost into space; one degree too low and the G-forces would increase from 10-16 to 30-40 - not only enough to kill the "crew," but to destroy the spacecraft. The safe entry corridor was only 13 km across, and had to be hit at 11 km/sec - "like hitting a kopek [Russian penny] with a rifle at a 600 meter range." After the ballistic 20G re-entry, the capsule braked aerodynamically, deployed parachutes at 7 km, and splashed down in the backup area in the Indian Ocean at 32.63 degrees S, 65.55 degrees E. Soviet naval vessels were 100 km from the landing location and successfully recovered the spacecraft the next day, shipping it via Bombay (3 October 1968 aboard the Vasiliy Golovnin) back to Soviet Union, safely returning the biological payload to Moscow on 4 October 1968.
It was announced that the turtles (actually steppe tortoises) had lost about 10% of their body weight, but remained active and showed no loss of appetite.
The mission was planned as a precursor to manned Soviet Lunar spacecraft flights.
USSR's Luna 16 ascent stage lifted off from the Moon, carrying the first Lunar sample returned by a robotic probe.
J. Gibson discovered asteroid #2035 Stearns.
Felix Aguilar Observatory discovered asteroid #3438.
NASA's Mariner 10 passed Mercury at a range of 29,850 miles (48,069 km) on its second encounter with the planet.
Mariner 10 was the seventh successful launch in the Mariner series, the first spacecraft to use the gravitational pull of one planet (Venus) to reach another (Mercury), and the first spacecraft mission to visit two planets. Mariner 10 was the first spacecraft to visit Mercury. The spacecraft flew by Mercury three times in a retrograde heliocentric orbit and returned images and data on the planet. Mariner 10 returned the first-ever close-up images of Venus and Mercury. The primary scientific objectives of the mission were to measure Mercury's environment, atmosphere, surface, and body characteristics and to make similar investigations of Venus. Secondary objectives were to perform experiments in the interplanetary medium and to obtain experience with a dual-planet gravity-assist mission.
Mariner 10 was launched 3 November 1973 on a mission to explore Mercury and Venus. The television and ultraviolet experiments were trained on the comet Kohoutek while the spacecraft was en route to its destination. Using a near-ultraviolet filter, it produced photographs of the Venusian chevron clouds, and performed other atmospheric studies. Mariner 10 took 4,000 photos of Venus, which revealed a nearly round planet enveloped in smooth cloud layers. On 29 March and 21 September 1974, and 16 March 1975, Mariner 10 passed Mercury, and was able to map 40-45% of the planet. Its radiometer readings suggested Mercury has a nighttime temperatures of -297 degrees F (-183 degrees C) and maximum daytime temperatures of 368 F (187 C). The closest encounter with Mercury on the first pass was at 2047 UT on 29 March 1974 at a range of 436.5 miles (703 kilometers). Having looped around the Sun, Mariner 10 flew by Mercury again on 21 September 1974 at a range of 29,850 miles (48,069 kilometers), and photographed the sunlit side of the planet and the south polar region. The spacecraft used solar pressure on its solar panels and high-gain antenna for attitude control. A third and final encounter, the closest to Mercury, took place on 16 March 1975 at a range of 203 miles (327 kilometers). Contact with the spacecraft was terminated on 24 March 1975.
Mariner 10 (also known as Mariner Venus Mercury 1973) was placed in a parking orbit after launch for approximately 25 minutes, then placed in orbit around the Sun en route to Venus. The protective cover of the sunward-facing electrostatic analyzers did not open fully after launch, and these intruments, part of the Scanning Electrostatic Analyzer and Electron Spectrometer experiment, could not be used. It was also discovered that the heaters for the television cameras had failed, so the cameras were left on to prevent low temperatures from damaging the optics.
A trajectory correction maneuver was made 10 days after launch. Immediately following this manuever the star-tracker locked onto a bright flake of paint which had come off the spacecraft and lost lock on the guide star Canopus. An automated safety protocol recovered Canopus, but the problem of flaking paint recurred throughout the mission. The on-board computer also experienced unscheduled resets occasionally, which would neccesitate reconfiguring the clock sequence and subsystems. Periodic problems with the high-gain antenna also occurred during the cruise. In January 1974, Mariner 10 made ultraviolet observations of Comet Kohoutek and another mid-course correction was made on 21 January. The spacecraft passed Venus at 1701 UT on 5 February 1974 at a closest range of 5768 km, and returned the first close-up images of Venus. This also marked the first time a spacecraft used a gravity assist from one planet to help it reach another.
Enroute to Mercury an attitude control anomaly occurred for the second time, using up much of the attitude control gas. Some new procedures were used from that point on to orient the spacecraft, including Sun-line maneuvers and the use of solar wind on the solar panels to orient the spacecraft. Mariner 10 crossed the orbit of Mercury at 2046 UT on 29 March 1974, at a distance of about 704 km from the surface. A second encounter with Mercury, when more photographs were taken, occurred on 21 September 1974, at an altitude of 48,069 km. Unfortunately, the lighted hemisphere was almost the same as the first encounter, so a large portion of the planet remained unimaged. A third and last Mercury encounter at an altitude of 327 km, with additional photography of about 300 frames and magnetic field measurements occurred on 16 March 1975. Engineering tests were continued until 24 March 1975, when the supply of attitude-control gas was depleted and the mission was terminated.
Mariner 10 results showed a Hadley-type circulation existed in Venus' atmosphere and showed that Venus had at best a weak magnetic field, and the ionosphere interacted with the solar wind to form a bow shock. At Mercury, it was confirmed the planet had only a faint atmosphere of mostly helium, and an intensely cratered, dormant Moon-like surface was shown in the images. Mercury was shown to have a small magnetic field and a relatively large iron-rich core.
The French Aureol 3 experimental satellite was launched from Plesetsk to investigate physical processes in the Earth's magnetosphere and ionosphere, and study polar aurorae, with experiments developed under the joint Soviet-French "Arkad-3" project.
The Galaxy-C communications satellite was launched on a Delta booster from Cape Canaveral, Florida, and positioned in geosynchronous orbit at 94 deg W.
NASA launched the NOAA 16 weather satellite into a polar orbit from Vandenburg, California.
NOAA 16, launched 21 September 2000, continued the fourth generation of the operational, polar orbiting, meteorological satellite series (NOAA K-N) operated by the National Environmental Satellite Service (NESS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA 16 also continued the series of Advanced TIROS-N (ATN) spacecraft begun with the launch of NOAA-8 (NOAA-E) in 1983, but with additional new and improved instrumentation over the NOAA A-J series, and a new launch vehicle (Titan II). The two stage Titan II launch vehicle, serial 23G-13, put NOAA-L into a suborbital -2500 x 800 km x 98.0 degree trajectory. The spacecraft's Thiokol Star 37XFP solid motor fired at apogee to circularize the sun-synchronous orbit at 800 km, with NOAA 16 in a morning equator crossing orbit, intended to replace NOAA-J as the prime morning spacecraft. The goal of the NOAA/NESS polar orbiting program was to provide output products used in meteorological prediction and warning, oceanographic and hydrologic services, and space environment monitoring. The polar orbiting system complemented the NOAA/NESS geostationary meteorological satellite program (GOES). The NOAA 16 Advanced TIROS-N spacecraft was based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Block 5D spacecraft, and was a modified version of the ATN spacecraft (NOAA 6-11, I-J) to accomodate the new instrumentation, supporting antennas and electrical subsystems. The spacecraft structure consists of four components: (1) the Reaction System Support (RSS); (2) the Equipment Support Module (ESM); (3) the Instrument Mounting Platform (IMP); and (4) the Solar Array (SA). All of the instruments are located on the ESM and the IMP. Spacecraft power is provided by a direct energy transfer system from the single solar array, which is comprised of eight panels of solar cells. The in-orbit Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADACS) provides three-axis pointing control by controlling torque in three mutually orthogonal momentum wheels, with input from the Earth Sensor Assembly (ESA) for pitch, roll, and yaw updates. The ADACS controls the spacecraft attitude so that orientation of the three axes is maintained to within +/- 0.2 degrees, and pitch, roll, and yaw to within 0.1 degree. The ADACS consists of the Earth Sensor Assembly (ESA), the Sun Sensor Assembly (SSA), four Reaction Wheel Assemblies (RWA), two roll/yaw coils (RYC), two pitch torquing coils (PTC), four gyros, and computer software for data processing. The ATN data handling subsystem consists of the TIROS Information Processor (TIP) for low data rate instruments, the Manipulated Information Rate Processor (MIRP) for high data rate AVHRR, digital tape recorders (DTR), and a cross strap unit (XSU). The NOAA 16 instrument complement consists of: (1) an improved six channel Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/3 (AVHRR/3); (2) an improved High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS/3); (3) the Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking System (S&R), which consists of the Search and Rescue Repeater (SARR) and the Search and Rescue Processor (SARP-2); (4) the French/CNES-provided improved ARGOS Data Collection System (DCS-2); (5) the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectral radiometer (SBUV/2); and (6) the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), which consists of three separate modules, A1, A2, and B to replace the previous MSU and SSU instruments.
An Orbital Sciences Taurus 2110 booster launched from Vandenburg, California, carrying four satellites failed to reach a sustainable orbit because of a problem which occurred a few seconds after the first stage separation.
An Orbital Sciences Taurus 2110 booster launched from Vandenburg, California, carrying four satellites, suffered a problem a few seconds after first stage separation caused the T6 rocket to go off course. It recovered, and the remainder of the stages fired, but the final cutoff velocity was too low to reach a sustainable orbit. The Castor 120 zero stage was on course, but the Orion 50S first stage motor went off course. The satellites separated from the final stage as planned, but burned up in the Earth's atmosphere northeast of Madagascar before completing the first orbit. The final orbit was about 75-80 km x 425-430 km x 97 degrees.
The failed launch included:
1) The Orbview-4 imaging satellite, built by Orbital, was a 368 kg box-shaped spacecraft carrying a 1 meter resolution panchromatic camera and an 8 meter resolution 200 channel hyperspectral imager with a 0.45 meter aperture. It was to be used by the US Air Force.
2) The QuikTOMS satellite was a NASA-GSFC project carrying the TOMS-5 ozone mapper. QuikTOMS used a 168 kg double Microstar bus, and was to have replaced TOMS instruments on a delayed Russian weather satellite and the failed ADEOS. The loss of QuikTOMS "put a hole" in NASA's attempts to monitor the ozone layer.
3) SBD, the Orbital Sciences' Special Bus Design, a 73 kg satellite, was a test version of an enlarged Microstar bus. It would have remained attached to the third stage, together with two Celestis burial canisters containing cremated human remains, and an experimental third stage avionics box.
4) Celestis-4 consisted of two Celestis burial canisters containing cremated human remains. After the launch vehicle failure, Celestis guaranteed a relaunch of "back-up remains." (??)
2003 11:57:00 PDT (GMT -7:00:00)
NASA's Galileo probe plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter, ending its 14 year mission at the planet.
Artist's concept of Galileo approaching Jupiter, NASA artwork
Space Shuttle Atlantis, with the Galileo spacecraft aboard, was launched from Kennedy Space Center on 18 October 1989. Galileo was deployed on the 6th orbit around the Earth, with the first stage IUS burn executed an hour later. The second stage IUS burn occurred 5 minutes later to place Galileo on an Earth escape velocity of 7.1 miles/sec. 7 hours 46 minutes after launch, the IUS went into a first stage spinoff to deploy the RTG and science booms. The second stage IUS spinoff at a rate of 2.9 revolutions/minute for the separation of the IUS from Galileo soon followed. At that point, telemetry data were transmitted and received by the DSN (Deep Space Network).
The Galileo mission consisted of two spacecraft: an orbiter and an atmospheric probe. The trajectory which the spacecraft followed was called a VEEGA (Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist), traveling first in toward the Sun for a gravity assist from Venus on 10 February 1990 before encountering the Earth two times on 8 December 1990 and two years later, on 8 December 1992. These encounters with Venus and the Earth allowed Galileo to gain enough velocity to get it out to Jupiter.
During the flybys of Venus and the Earth, Galileo scientists studied these two planets as well as the Moon, making some unprecedented observations. In addition, following each Earth flyby, Galileo made excursions as far out in the solar system as the asteroid belt, enabling scientists to make the first close-up studies of two asteroids, Gaspra (29 October 1991) and Ida (28 August 1993). Galileo scientists were also the only ones with a "direct view" of the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 fragment impacts on Jupiter in July 1994. All of this was prior to the primary missions of sending an atmospheric probe into Jupiter's atmosphere and studying Jupiter, its satellites, and its magnetosphere for two years with the orbiter.
Interplanetary studies were also made sporadically by some of the other Galileo instruments, including the dust detector, magnetometer, and various plasma and particles detectors, during its six year journey to Jupiter.
The probe was released from the orbiter on 12 July 1995, 147 days prior to its entry into the Jovian atmosphere on 7 December 1995, the same day the main spacecraft went into orbit around Jupiter.
The Galileo spacecraft's 14-year odyssey came to an end on Sunday 21 September 2003 when the spacecraft passed into Jupiter's shadow then disintegrated in the planet's dense atmosphere after 35 orbits around the planet. Its propellant was depleted, it was maneuvered to enter the Jovian atmosphere at 18:57 GMT (11:57 AM PDT). Entry was at 48.2 km/s from an orbit with a periapsis 9700 km below the 1-bar atmospheric layer. The spacecraft continued transmitting at least until it passed behind the limb of Jupiter at 1850:54 GMT, when it was 9283 km above the 1-bar level, surprising Galileo veterans who feared it might enter safe mode due to the high radiation environment. On its farewell dive, it had crossed the orbit of Callisto at around 1100 on 20 September, the orbit of Ganymede at around 0500 on 21 September, Europa's orbit at about 1145, Io's orbit at about 1500, Amalthea's orbit at 1756, and the orbits of Adrastea and Metis at 1825. Galileo was destroyed to prevent the possibility that its orbit would eventually be perturbed in such a way that it would crash on and biologically contaminate Europa, which was considered a possible place to search for life. Light travel time from Jupiter to Earth was 52 min 20 sec at the time of impact, and the final signal reached Earth at 1943:14 GMT.
See also the JPL PhotoJournal for Gaspra for more images and information about the asteroid Gaspra encounter.
ref: solarsystem.nasa.gov


Many pictorial elements point towards Western influences. Firstly, the soft modelling of the figures' carnation greatly differs from the traditional icon technique in which faces are modelled with highlights. The naturalistic rendering of the heavy drapery and lightly creased diaphanous veil show strong Western influences as well.(3) Furthermore, the different elaborate golden motifs embellishing the Madonna's maphorion, her blue tunic and the Christ Child's vermilion coloured robe, also occurred in Byzantine tradition, but much more modest with three stars embroidered on the Virgin's mantle symbolizing her chastity.(4) All garments depicted are lined with pseudo-Kufic inscriptions in gold, matching the rest of the embroidery. Byzantine representations of the Mother of God with Child usually show the Virgin and Christ carrying no other attributes except for a scroll. In Western art, the scroll transformed into a (closed) book. Since Christ in this Virgin and Child with Apple carries a scroll, the painter was familiar with orthodox icon painting.
Artists from Northern Italy and the Veneto like Giovanni Bellini, Carlo Crivelli and Bramantino executed comparable Madonna scenes from circa 1500 in which the Virgin, depicted half-length, carries an apple or a book while the Christ Child tries to grab the fruit or clenches on to it.(14) A much earlier fourteenth century panel from the same region by Lorenzo Veneziano shows a Madonna and Child very similar to our panel. Lorenzo's crowned Virgin holds an apple with her left hand while the Christ Child, resting on her right arm gently places his hand on the piece of fruit.(15) Not only the composition of the Madonna and Child reminds us of our Amsterdam panel: the intimate relationship between the two figures, enhanced by Mary's caressing gaze at her child, also resembles the personal touch of our Virgin and Child. In conclusion we can say that our rather unique Veneto-Cretan version of the Virgin and Child with Apple comes close to the iconography of the popular type of the Madre della Consolazione. The addition of the apple is a clear Italian, or more specifically Venetian, element that points towards a western-oriented viewer.
1 Constantine Scampavias, "The Virgin, Madre della Consolazione," in: The Origins of El Greco: Icon Painting in Venetian Crete, ed. Anastasia Drandaki, New York 2009, pp. 58, cat. no. 13; The Madre della Consolazione occurred in the second half of the fifteenth century in Venetian dominated Crete.
2 Gertrud Schiller, Ikonographie der Christlichen Kunst, vol 4.2, Gütersloh 1966, pp. 187.
3 See Chryssa Maltezou, "The History of Crete During the Fifteenth Century on the Basis of Archival Documents," in: The Hand of Angelos: An Icon Painter in Venetian Crete, ed. Maria Vassilaki, Surrey and Burlington: 2010, pp. 28-29, figs. 4 and 5.
4 Constantine Scampavias, "The Virgin, Madre della Consolazione," in: The Origins of El Greco: Icon Painting in Venetian Crete, ed. Anastasia Drandaki, New York 2009, pp. 58, cat. no. 13.
5 Eva Haustein-Bartsch, "Enige Bemerkungen und Fragen zur Entstehung der Ikonen der "Madre della Consolazione"," in: Griechische Ikonen: Byzantinische und Nachbyzantinische Zeit, eds. Eleni Kotsou and Ariadne Fioretou, Athens 2010, pp. 110, figs. 1-4.
6 Eva Haustein-Bartsch, "Madre della Consolazione," in: Die Farben des Himmels: 15 Kretenzische Ikonen aus einer Europäischen Privatsammlung, ed. by Eva Haustein-Bartsch and Simon Morsink, Recklinghausen 2018, pp. 52, cat. no. 5, see also pp. 51, 53 for images of the Madonna della Consolazione type.
7 Gertrud Schiller, Ikonographie der Christlichen Kunst, vol. 3, pp. 176; idem, vol. 4.2, 183-184.
8 Peter B. Steiner, "Vom Apfel des Paradieses zum Herrschaftszeichen: Ein Beitrag zu Ikonographie und Denkmalpflege," in: Iconographia Christiana: Festschrift für P.Gregor Martin Lechner OSB zum 65. Geburtstag, eds. Werner Telesko and Leo Andergassen, Regensburg 2005, pp. 184.
10 Mirella Levi d'Ancona, The Garden of the Renaissance: Botanical Symbolism in Italian Painting, Florence 1977, pp. 48.
11 Peter B. Steiner, "Vom Apfel des Paradieses zum Herrschaftszeichen: Ein Beitrag zu Ikonographie und Denkmalpflege," in: Iconographia Christiana: Festschrift für P.Gregor Martin Lechner OSB zum 65. Geburtstag, eds. Werner Telesko and Leo Andergassen, Regensburg 2005, pp. 186.
12 Mirella Levi d'Ancona, The Garden of the Renaissance: Botanical Symbolism in Italian Painting, Florence 1977, pp. 48; A more direct connection between Christ and the apple or an apple tree could also be discerned in theological writings, for example in Canticles: "As the apple tree among the trees of the wood, so is my beloved among the sons. I sat down under his shadow with great delight, and his fruit was sweet to my taste" (Cant. 2:3).
13 Mirella Levi d'Ancona, The Garden of the Renaissance: Botanical Symbolism in Italian Painting, Florence 1977, pp. 46-47.
14 Giovanni Bellini, Virgin and Child (Rogers Madonna), 1485-1490, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York and Giovanni Bellini, Virgin and Child (Morelli Madonna), c. 1485-1490, Galleria dell'Accademia Carrara, Bergamo (Oskar Bätschmann, Giovanni Bellini, London 2008, pp. 82, 84 respectively).
15 Irina E. Danilova, ed., State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts: Catalogue of Painting, Moscow 1995, pp. 102-103, cat. no. 264.
The icon, an exquisite work of Cretan art, depicts Saint Spyridon in the centre, surrounded by ten scenes from his life, painted in great detail against a gold ground. Spyridon is shown full-length as a tall man, with a long, white forked beard, and with a woven, straw shepherd's hat covering his head. Standing on a green ground, the saint wears liturgical bishop's robes of the Orthodox Church: a white tunic (sticharion), a rose coloured mantle (phelonion) and a white stole (omophorion) adorned with large brown and gilded crosses carefully draped over his shoulders. Underneath the phelonion the saint wears a gold embroidered epitrachelion and an epigonation both abundantly set with pearls and precious stones. Spyridon raises both arms, making a blessing gesture with his right hand and holding a closed Book of Gospels set with pearls and stones, in his other hand.
Saint Spyridon lived in the fourth century on Cyprus and attended the First Council of Nicaea in the year 325. After the fall of the Constantinople in 1453, the saint's relics were transferred to Corfu and Spyridon became patron saint of the island. The ten scenes, from left to right and from top to bottom show several events from Saint Spyridon's life and his miracles. The finely executed inscriptions in Greek, written in white along the lower border of each separate scene, identify the depicted events.
1. Saint Spyridon prays for rain during time of droughts.
2. Saint Spyridon attends the first Council at Nicea which condemns the heresy of Arius.
3. During a famine Saint Spyridon changes a snake into gold so a poor man can purchase wheat from a greedy merchant.
4. A woman entrusts some valuable jewellery to Saint Spyridon's daughter Irene.
5. Saint Spyridon takes the woman to Irene's grave. After having talked to Irene as if she were still alive, she informs her father about the whereabouts of the jewellery and promptly returns to her 'sleep'.
6. Saint Spyridon points towards heaven after he performed the miracle of the brick to demonstrate the Holy Trinity to a philosopher.
7. A thieve plans to steal the sheep of Saint Spyridon but the saint gives him one sheep and sends him away.
8. After a year, the poor man (from the third scene) returns the gold to Saint Spyridon. The snake returns to its original living state as it was created by God.
9. Dormition of Saint Spyridon.
10. After the Arians decapitated both horses who were to pull Saint Spyridon's carriage on his way to the Council at Nicea, the saint tells a servant to put the horses' heads back on their bodies. Although the servant places the head of the white horse on the body of the black horse and vice versa, the horses come to life and rise to their feet immediately in order to continue their journey.
The iconography of our icon differs significantly from the mentioned examples and the choice of scenes coincides only partly with known icons of Saint Spyridon. The narrative is rendered in a lively composition and the scenes are set against an elaborate architectural or mountainous background. The fine, delicate colours and the full modelling of the figures, some of which are static and solemn while others are full of movement, point towards the hand of an accomplished miniaturist. The impressive elongated figure of Spyridon in the centre stands out by the skilful rendering of his expressive face and the masterfully modelled tunic and mantle. These stylistic features in all probability point towards a dating of our icon in the second half of the sixteenth century, which makes the icon one of the oldest known vita-icons of Saint Spyridon.
1 Maria Cristina Bandera Viani, Icone Bizantine e Post Byzantine, Bologna 1988, pp. 18-19, cat. no. 22.
2 Andreas Xyngopoulis, Catalogue of Icons (in Greek) 1936, no. 38, 57-59, plate 29.
3 Giovanni Mariacher, Il Museo Correr di Venezia, Dipinti dal XIV al XVI Secolo, Venezia 1957, pp.239-241.
4 Nano Chatzidakis, Icons. The Velimezis Collection. Catalogue raisonné, Thessaloniki 1997, pp 346-353, cat. no. 46.
This small-scale triptych's richly carved and gilded frame immediately catches our attention. The symmetrical floral decoration in the base repeats itself in the triptych's frieze, with the addition of a winged head of a Renaissance putto and two grotesque faces in profile at the edges of the frieze. The top part contains symmetrically arranged rosettes, fleur-de-lis and a leafed pineapple on top. The rosettes and pineapple resemble the gilded carvings of a sixteenth century triptych in Vienna, related to the circle of the Cretan painters Georgios Klontzas and El Greco.(1) The central panel depicts the Deesis with Christ enthroned, flanked by the Mother of God and Saint John the Forerunner. Their arms are folded on their chests while with one hand they point towards Christ. Their faces reveal strong emotional expressions.(2) The significance of Christ becomes clear from his dominant appearance compared to the flanking saints. Christ's head is framed by a halo and He makes a blessing gesture towards the viewer. His left hand supports a decorated closed Gospel book placed on his lap. The purple fabrics of Christ and the Virgin are subtly highlighted, thereby suggesting velvet cloth. This contrasts the robes worn by John, Christ and the Virgin, rendered in a dense Byzantine highlighting technique. The figures of Mary and John fill the space of the recessed panel up to the raised border: the top of their heads and John's left foot are painted on the ledge of the raised border, similarly to the tassels of the pillow behind Christ's feet.
On the reverse side of the wings, on a similarly gold and green ground are two Church Hierarchs: Saint Basil the Great on the left wing, and Saint John Chrysostom on the right wing. Both are again identifiable by their names in red Greek writing. The choice for these two Church Fathers relates to the Divine Liturgy, since both Saints John Chrysostom and Basil the Great adapted the Liturgy still used in present times.(5) Therefore they are, together with the third Orthodox Church Father Gregory the Great, considered the Fathers of the Liturgy,(6) visualized in the edifices held by Peter and Paul on the other side of the triptych. Saints John and Basil wear rich bishop's robes with intricate patterns. The triptych's fine details and radiant colours are very well discernible in respectively the highlights on the faces and in the rich bishop's robes. We even see three gold miniature figures that decorate the bearded Basil's stole. The meticulously applied hairs, for example in the beard of Saint Paul, and the thin white highlights in the figure's faces attest to a master's hand.
1 The discussed triptych can be found in the Kunsthistorisches Museum; Karoline Czerwenka-Papadopoulos, "Triptychon mit Philoxenia im Mittelteil," in: Bilder in Gold: Sakrale Kunst aus Griechenland, Graz 1993, pp. 216, cat. no. 9; Compare to the pineapple and rosettes in El Greco's Modena Triptych in: The Origins of El Greco: Icon Painting in Venetian Crete, ed. Anastasia Drandaki, New York 2009, pp. 32, fig. 3.
2 Compare to The Origins of El Greco: Icon Painting in Venetian Crete, ed. Anastasia Drandaki, New York 2009, pp. 44, cat. no. 3, pp. 60, cat. no. 14.
3 Louis Réau, Iconographie de L'art Chrétien, vol. III, no. 3, Paris 1959, pp. 1083.
4 Nano Chatzidakis, "Saints Peter and Paul Holding the Model of a Church," in: Maria Vassilaki, ed., The Hand of Angelos: An Icon Painter in Venetian Crete, Farnham and Burlington 2010, pp. 220-221, cat. no. 58. According to Nano Chatzidakis, the building held by the Apostles can also be considered as the Holy Temple of Salomon or as a symbolic representation of Jerusalem.
5 John A. McGuckin, "Divine Liturgy, Orthodox," in: The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, vol. 1, ed. John Anthony McGuckin, Chichester 2011, pp. 194.
7 Phaidra, Kalafatis, "Triptych with Scenes from the Life of Christ the Burning Bush and Saints," in: The Power of Icons: Russian and Greek Icons 15th-19th Century, ed. Simon Morsink, Gent 2006, pp. 55.
The icon, painted on a thick panel with a relatively deep recessed area and a bold raised border, shows the Virgin presenting the Christ Child to Simeon the High-Priest. The elderly figure of Simeon is standing on a pedestal, holding the Christ Child in his arms, leaning forward to present Him to his Mother, the latter extending her right hand in response. To the left, Joseph carries two doves, while the prophetess Anna points at the event and turns to Joseph behind her. With her left hand she holds an open scroll of which the text in black Greek majuscules reads: "This Child consolidated Heaven and Earth". Like Simeon, the prophetess Anna recognized the Child's divinity. The background of the scene is dominated by an elegant ciborium, its dome and four columns topped with capitals made of marble. The ciborium is flanked by two high, slender edifices, the right one crowned with a golden vase on a large capital with curly decoration. A pair of doors in the foreground in front of an altar table covered with a cinnabar red cloth refers to the temple of Jerusalem.
The feast of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple (Hypapante) is among the most ancient feasts of the Christian Church. Originally, the feast was a minor celebration, but in 542 was established throughout the Eastern Empire by Emperor Justinian I. Up to the present day, the Presentation of Christ is one of the great feasts of the orthodox liturgical calendar (February 14th). According to the Gospel of Luke (2:22–40), forty days after his birth, Mary and Joseph took the infant Jesus to the Temple of Jerusalem for the customary rite of purification. At the temple they encountered the prophet Simeon who had been promised that he would not die before seeing the Messiah. The elderly prophetess Anna was present in the temple as well.
The composition of the icon is well proportioned and the style of painting is refined and elegant. To the left side, the three figures in a solemn procession approach the prophet Simeon on the right, who holds the Christ Child in his arms. This combined with the elegant buildings rising high up against the gold ground, the scene emanates a graceful quietness, which underlines the importance of the event.
The iconography of the panel is based on late Byzantine, Palaeologan models, like the fifteenth century icon of the Presentation in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York,(1) a fifteenth century icon with the same subject on Patmos,(2) and the border scene on a Cretan icon dated circa 1500 and attributed to Nikolaos Ritzos now in Sarajevo.(3) The same model was used for Cretan icons from the sixteenth century onwards, as for example for the seventeenth century icon of the Presentation of Christ in the Temple, attributed to the painter Victor and now in the Zakynthos Museum.(4) Though the composition of this icon is very similar to ours, the less academic style of our icon, with its freely and sketchy applied highlights, flowing lines and spacious design, seems to suggest an earlier dating, in all probability circa 1600. The style points towards a talented and skilled master, trained in the Cretan style of icon painting and active on Crete or one of the other Greek islands.
1 Howard Hibbard. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 1980, pp. 102, 104, fig. 200.
2 Manolis Chatzidakis, Icons of Patmos. Questions of Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Painting, Athens 1985 (1977), no. 26, pp. 77-78, plate 24.
4 Zoe A. Mylona, The Zakynthos Museum, Athens 1998, pp. 56-64.
Our icon depicts a representation of the New Testament Trinity. A large golden throne on a green and gold ground dominates the composition. Two figures in an almost identical pose are seated on the throne's red pillows. On the left side, Christ wears a purple tunic with a red mantle decorated with chrysography. He holds a closed book with pearls and gems on his left knee while gazing at the viewer and making a blessing gesture. His feet rest on a footstool. On the right side of the composition, God the Father rests his right foot on a similar pedestal while raising his left foot. He holds a half open scroll. Similarly to Christ, He makes a blessing gesture and looks towards the viewer. His grey hair and full grey beard contrast with the juvenile brown hair of Christ the Son. Above the two figures a white dove with opened wings symbolizes the Holy Spirit. The dove stands out because of its depiction on a dark blue background, resembling a star existing of two superimposed lozenges.
Byzantine icons depicting the Trinity usually show three angels after the scene of Abraham and Sarah welcoming three visitors in Genesis 18:1. This type is generally referred to as the Old Testament Trinity, also called the Hospitality of Abraham. The New Testament Trinity derives from two Biblical passages: Mark 16:19 and Luke 22:69. The latter reads: "But from now on the Son of Man shall be seated at the right hand of the power of God" (Luke 22:69). Though described symbolically in the Bible, our icon illustrates this Biblical phrase in a literal sense.
The orthodox type of the New Testament Trinity derived from Palaeologan prototypes,(1) and gained popularity from the fifteenth century, mainly in Cretan icons.(2) Variations of the composition with Christ and God seated on a throne and the Holy Spirit hovering over them, show a globe in between the Son and Father as for example in the New Testament Trinity icon in the Museo Correr, Venice.(3) Other compositions include the Virgin on the left side and Saint John the Forerunner on the right, to emulate a traditional Deesis scene with Christ Enthroned in the centre. Instead, now both the Son and the Father occupy the central throne in the New Testament Trinity panels.(4) Other icons depicting this type contain lavishly decorated backgrounds with slender edifices and additional figures, as for example the Trinity from the Benaki Museum. Here, the icon also contains inscriptions; above the figures, red Greek letters name Christ as "the Being" and God as "the Ancient of Days".(5) Our Amsterdam panel focuses on the three main characters of the Trinity and omits additional figures and motives. Therefore our version of the New Testament Trinity stands out in its simplicity and serene focus on the figures of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit.
1 Konstantinos Sp. Staikos, ed. "The Holy Trinity," in: From the Incarnation of Logos to the Theosis of Man: Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Icons From Greece, Psychiko 2008, pp. 50, cat. no. 22.
2 Boris Rothemund, Handbuch der Ikonenkunst, Munich 1966, pp. 204.
3 Nano Chatzidakis, ed., Da Candia a Venezia: Icone Greche in Italia, XV-XVI secolo, Athens 1993, pp. 185, cat. 47.
4 A famous example is the "Trinity and Deesis," from the Monastery of Saint Catherine on mount Sinai: The Sinai Icon Collection, accessed November 1, 2018, http://vrc.princeton.edu/sinai/items/show/7335. Another example constitutes a panel by Angelos (?) (Maria Vassilaki, The Painter Angelos and Icon-Painting in Venetian Crete, Farnham and Burlington 2009, pp. 181, fig. 9.15.
5 Konstantinos Sp. Staikos, ed. "The Holy Trinity," in: From the Incarnation of Logos to the Theosis of Man: Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Icons From Greece, Psychiko 2008, pp. 50-51, cat. no. 22.


text:
Send Flowers for Dakota
Dakota Blake Hiatt
September 25, 1993 ~ January 1, 2023 (age 29) 29 Years Old
Dakota Blake Hiatt the son of Shelia (Shepherd) Uehlin and Rodney Hiatt was born September 25, 1993 in Tahlequah, Oklahoma and departed this life on January 1, 2023 in Tahlequah, Oklahoma at the age of 29 years, 3 months and 9 days.
After graduating from Tahlequah High School Dakota attended Northeastern State University where he was a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity. He pursued a career in Fiber Optic, and Heating & Air. Dakota was currently attending Information Technology classes at Indian Capitol Technology Center.
Dakota enjoyed life and he loved his family.
His children were the light of his life.
He was a lover of History and he enjoyed watching Documentaries and Science Fiction movies. He also held a passion for music and cooking and the spicier the better!
Dakota was a football fan, he loved the Arkansas Razorbacks and was known to lose his voice calling the hogs after every game. "WHOO PIG SOOIE!" He was a special guy with a huge heart who touched many lives over the years and will be dearly missed by all who knew and loved him.
Dakota was preceded in death by his Poppy Johnnie Shepherd; his aunts Verda Ratliff and husband Gene, and Brenda Stephens and husband Kenny; his uncle Dwight Shepherd; Memaw Norma Hiatt & Pa Orris Hiatt as well as his best friend Chase Cape.
He is survived by a loving family which includes his Mother Sheila Uehlin and Stepdad Jimmy of Tahlequah; his father Rodney Hiatt of Tahlequah his children Blakely Josephine Hiatt and John Brantley Hiatt both of Tahlequah; his sister Danielle Hiatt of Tahlequah; his brother Dalton Hiatt and wife Shelby and nephew KJ Burnett of Northwest Arkansas; his Nanny Carol Shepherd of Tahlequah; his paternal grandparents Bill and Dena Essner of Texas; his uncle Shaun Shepherd and wife Becky of Tahlequah; his cousins Tate and Jax Shepherd of Tahlequah; and his very special cousin and friend Tailor Crittenden of Tahlequah. Several other aunts, uncles, cousins, friends and other relatives.
"Surely goodness and mercy will follow me all the days of my life." -Dakota Blake Hiatt
To send flowers to the family, please visit our floral store.
Hart Funeral Home
1506 N. Grand Ave
Tahlequah,


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