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Dr. Thomas David Plamondon
November 13, 1920 - April 20, 2017
Dr. Thomas Plamondon, Sr. TRAVERSE CITY – Dr. Thomas Plamondon Sr., age 96, of Traverse City, passed away Thursday, April 20, 2017 in the loving care of his family. On November 13, 1920, a spectacular event occurred for Ovilla Joseph Plamondon and Mamie (Martineau) Plamondon of Lake Leelanau, MI. Their oldest son Thomas David was born that day. "Tommy," as he was called during his childhood, would grow up to be a born leader. As a young lad, he was the first in town to have a bicycle which he earned by saving candy bar wrappers from customers in his Dad's General Store, "O.J.'s." St. Mary High School did not have a track team, so Tommy became the coach and also participated as a runner. He organized a High School baseball team by arranging to borrow equipment from the village team. Tommy's desire at this point in his life was to be a pitcher for the Detroit Tigers! Tommy was captain of his High School basketball team and was the leading scorer. At age 15, Tommy observed some CCC men come to his home after a day of digging ditches in the hot sun asking for a drink of water; this made him stop and think about his future career. Soon after that, Tommy drove his mother to the Optometrist office to replace her broken glasses, and realized that would be perfect profession for him! One evening, during his junior year in high school, Tommy was walking home after attending a Church youth group. He noticed a car parked along the sidewalk with four high school seniors in it. Tommy had been known as "shy" around girls. The driver said to him, "Do you want to kiss my girl?" Tommy asked, "Who is she?" The driver responded, "Viola Bunek." Tommy said, "Sure." So he walked around the passenger side and kissed Viola through the open window. The rest is history. They became high school sweethearts. Tommy graduated from High School in 1938, and at the young age of 17, he entered Northern Illinois College of Optometry in Chicago that September. Four years later he graduated with his Doctor of Optometry degree. On July 7, 1942, Dr. Tom married his h.s. sweetheart, Viola Bunek. In 1944, Dr. Tom entered the armed forces where he served 17 months in the eye clinic of the 234th General Hospital in Chhabra, India, assisting Major A.C. Chandler, ophthalmologist. Dr. Tom took many photos while in India, which is a myriad of information about the China Burma India Theater of WWII. On June 5, 1946, Dr. Tom was discharged from the Army. He and his wife then moved to Grand Rapids where he was employed as an optometrist. Dr. Tom purchased an optometry practice in Traverse City, and in 1947 daughter Carolyn was born; three years later son Thomas Jr. was born. The family lived on 11th street in Traverse City, and seven years later son David was born. Dr. Tom was devoted to his family, religion, eye care practice and was a philanthropist. He loved to help out the underprivileged and made them feel like they were the most important person in the world. Dr. Tom enjoyed boating at his home on West Bay, and also at the family cottage on Lake Leelanau. Picnics at the lake were a frequent event when his family was young. He loved spending time with his children and grandchildren watching the Tigers and Notre Dame games on TV with them. He also followed TCSF athletics, and enjoyed watching his granddaughters, Dr. Janelle Gloss Routhier pitch softball, and Callista Gloss act in the TCSF Theater. Dr. Tom was a member of St. Mary Church in Lake Leelanau, where he and his wife Viola were named benefactors of the year and have an annual tuition scholarship given out to a parish student in their names. He also donated the new electronic basketball scoreboard for the St. Mary gym. After relocating to Traverse City, Dr. Tom became a member of the Elks, Lions Club, Third Order of Mount Carmel, Michigan Optometric Association, lifelong member of Illinois College of Optometry Alumni and St. Francis Church. There he helped out in many activities and was instrumental in keeping TCSF High School open and thriving. Dr. Tom was inducted into the Grand Traverse Area Catholic Schools Hall of Fame in 2008. A man in his 40's, blind since birth, gained total eyesight after a thorough eye exam by Dr. Plamondon. The man referred to Dr. Tom as "My Miracle Man." This is one of the reasons why we call Dr. Tom our "St. Thomas." He was also very generous with his time and made many financial gifts to people and charitable organizations. Dr. Tom was preceded in death by infant twins Joseph and Joan, parents, Ovilla and Mamie, son David in 1999, wife of nearly 60 years, Viola, in 2002, brothers; Richard, James, and Cletus, sisters; Dorothy, O.P., Rose Lee, and Mary Jane. Left to continue their love for him is his daughter, Carolyn Gloss (Ron), son, Dr. Tom Plamondon Jr., (Annmarie), daughter-in-law Maggie Plamondon, grandchildren, Dr. Janelle Routhier (Franklin) of Dallas TX, Callista Gloss (fiancé Kyle Sullivan) of Grand Rapids, Lane Plamondon, of Traverse City and Monique Plamondon of Traverse City. Dr. Tom is also survived by many cousins, nieces and nephews. The family wishes to express their gratitude to Tammy, Nicole, Ruth, Aleec, Jen, Amber, Katelyn, Shaylee and other caregivers for the love and care they gave Dr. Tom during his stay at Cherry Hill Haven. Thanks also to Hospice of Michigan for their loving support. A visitation for Dr. Tom will be held at the Reynolds-Jonkhoff Funeral Home on Tuesday, May 2, 2017 from 6:00 – 8:00 pm with a rosary at 7:30 pm. A Mass of Christian Burial will be held the next day on Wednesday, May 3, 2017, at 11:00 am with a visitation one hour prior at St. Francis Catholic Church. Fr. Kenneth Stachnik will officiate. A luncheon will be served after mass in the church fellowship hall. Graveside services will take place at 3:00 pm on Wednesday, at St. Mary Cemetery in Lake Leelanau with full military honors. In lieu of flowers, please consider a donation in Dr. Tom's name to; St. Francis Catholic Church 1025 S Union Street, Traverse City, MI 49684, Grand Traverse Catholic Schools 123 E Eleventh Street, Traverse City, MI 49684, St. Mary Church, St. Mary Catholic Church 403 St. Mary Street, Lake Leelanau, MI 49653, Wounded Warrior Project PO Box 758517, Topeka, Kansas 66675-8517. Please share a memory with the family by visiting Dr. Tom's tribute page found at www.reynolds-jonkhoff.com. The Reynolds-Jonkhoff Funeral Home and Cremation Services is serving the family.
Dr. Thomas Plamondon, Sr. TRAVERSE CITY – Dr. Thomas Plamondon Sr., age 96, of Traverse City, passed away Thursday, April 20, 2017 in the loving care of his family. On November 13, 1920, a spectacular event occurred for Ovilla Joseph... View Obituary & Service Information
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Add parallel Share Print Page Options Listen to Acts 13-14
Acts 13-14
Paul and Barnabas Are Sent to the Gentiles
13 Now (A)in the church that was at Antioch there were certain prophets and teachers: (B)Barnabas, Simeon who was called Niger, (C)Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. 2 As they ministered to the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, (D)"Now separate to Me Barnabas and Saul for the work (E)to which I have called them." 3 Then, (F)having fasted and prayed, and laid hands on them, they sent them away.
Preaching in Cyprus
4 So, being sent out by the Holy Spirit, they went down to Seleucia, and from there they sailed to (G)Cyprus. 5 And when they arrived in Salamis, (H)they preached the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews. They also had (I)John as their assistant.
6 Now when they had gone through [a]the island to Paphos, they found (J)a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew whose name was Bar-Jesus, 7 who was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, an intelligent man. This man called for Barnabas and Saul and sought to hear the word of God. 8 But (K)Elymas the sorcerer (for so his name is translated) [b]withstood them, seeking to turn the proconsul away from the faith. 9 Then Saul, who also is called Paul, (L)filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him 10 and said, "O full of all deceit and all fraud, (M)you son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, will you not cease perverting the straight ways of the Lord? 11 And now, indeed, (N)the hand of the Lord is upon you, and you shall be blind, not seeing the sun for a time."
And immediately a dark mist fell on him, and he went around seeking someone to lead him by the hand. 12 Then the proconsul believed, when he saw what had been done, being astonished at the teaching of the Lord.
At Antioch in Pisidia
13 Now when Paul and his party set sail from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia; and (O)John, departing from them, returned to Jerusalem. 14 But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and (P)went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day and sat down. 15 And (Q)after the reading of the Law and the Prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent to them, saying, "Men and brethren, if you have (R)any word of [c]exhortation for the people, say on."
16 Then Paul stood up, and motioning with his hand said, "Men of Israel, and (S)you who fear God, listen: 17 The God of this people [d]Israel (T)chose our fathers, and exalted the people (U)when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with [e]an uplifted arm He (V)brought them out of it. 18 Now (W)for a time of about forty years He put up with their ways in the wilderness. 19 And when He had destroyed (X)seven nations in the land of Canaan, (Y)He distributed their land to them by allotment.
20 "After that (Z)He gave them judges for about four hundred and fifty years, (AA)until Samuel the prophet. 21 (AB)And afterward they asked for a king; so God gave them (AC)Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years. 22 And (AD)when He had removed him, (AE)He raised up for them David as king, to whom also He gave testimony and said, (AF)'I have found David the son of Jesse, (AG)a man after My own heart, who will do all My will.' 23 (AH)From this man's seed, according (AI)to the promise, God raised up for Israel (AJ)a[f] Savior—Jesus— 24 (AK)after John had first preached, before His coming, the baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel. 25 And as John was finishing his course, he said, (AL)'Who do you think I am? I am not He. But behold, (AM)there comes One after me, the sandals of whose feet I am not worthy to loose.'
26 "Men and brethren, sons of the [g]family of Abraham, and (AN)those among you who fear God, (AO)to you the [h]word of this salvation has been sent. 27 For those who dwell in Jerusalem, and their rulers, (AP)because they did not know Him, nor even the voices of the Prophets which are read every Sabbath, have fulfilled them in condemning Him. 28 (AQ)And though they found no cause for death in Him, they asked Pilate that He should be put to death. 29 (AR)Now when they had fulfilled all that was written concerning Him, (AS)they took Him down from the tree and laid Him in a tomb. 30 (AT)But God raised Him from the dead. 31 (AU)He was seen for many days by those who came up with Him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are His witnesses to the people. 32 And we declare to you glad tidings—(AV)that promise which was made to the fathers. 33 God has fulfilled this for us their children, in that He has raised up Jesus. As it is also written in the second Psalm:
(AW)'You are My Son,
34 And that He raised Him from the dead, no more to return to [i]corruption, He has spoken thus:
(AX)'I will give you the sure [j]mercies of David.'
35 Therefore He also says in another Psalm:
(AY)'You will not allow Your Holy One to see corruption.'
36 "For David, after he had served [k]his own generation by the will of God, (AZ)fell asleep, was buried with his fathers, and [l]saw corruption; 37 but He whom God raised up [m]saw no corruption. 38 Therefore let it be known to you, brethren, that (BA)through this Man is preached to you the forgiveness of sins; 39 and (BB)by Him everyone who believes is justified from all things from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses. 40 Beware therefore, lest what has been spoken in the prophets come upon you:
41 'Behold,(BC) you despisers,
Marvel and perish!
For I work a work in your days,
A work which you will by no means believe,
Though one were to declare it to you.' "
Blessing and Conflict at Antioch
42 [n]So when the Jews went out of the synagogue, the Gentiles begged that these words might be preached to them the next Sabbath. 43 Now when the congregation had broken up, many of the Jews and devout proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who, speaking to them, (BD)persuaded them to continue in (BE)the grace of God.
44 On the next Sabbath almost the whole city came together to hear the word of God. 45 But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with envy; and contradicting and blaspheming, they (BF)opposed the things spoken by Paul. 46 Then Paul and Barnabas grew bold and said, (BG)"It was necessary that the word of God should be spoken to you first; but (BH)since you reject it, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, behold, (BI)we turn to the Gentiles. 47 For so the Lord has commanded us:
(BJ)'I have set you as a light to the Gentiles,
That you should be for salvation to the ends of the earth.' "
48 Now when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and glorified the word of the Lord. (BK)And as many as had been appointed to eternal life believed.
49 And the word of the Lord was being spread throughout all the region. 50 But the Jews stirred up the devout and prominent women and the chief men of the city, (BL)raised up persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them from their region. 51 (BM)But they shook off the dust from their feet against them, and came to Iconium. 52 And the disciples (BN)were filled with joy and (BO)with the Holy Spirit.
At Iconium
14 Now it happened in Iconium that they went together to the synagogue of the Jews, and so spoke that a great multitude both of the Jews and of the (BP)Greeks believed. 2 But the unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles and [o]poisoned their [p]minds against the brethren. 3 Therefore they stayed there a long time, speaking boldly in the Lord, (BQ)who was bearing witness to the word of His grace, granting signs and (BR)wonders to be done by their hands.
4 But the multitude of the city was (BS)divided: part sided with the Jews, and part with the (BT)apostles. 5 And when a violent attempt was made by both the Gentiles and Jews, with their rulers, (BU)to abuse and stone them, 6 they became aware of it and (BV)fled to Lystra and Derbe, cities of Lycaonia, and to the surrounding region. 7 And they were preaching the gospel there.
Idolatry at Lystra
8 (BW)And in Lystra a certain man without strength in his feet was sitting, a cripple from his mother's womb, who had never walked. 9 This man heard Paul speaking. [q]Paul, observing him intently and seeing that he had faith to be healed, 10 said with a loud voice, (BX)"Stand up straight on your feet!" And he leaped and walked. 11 Now when the people saw what Paul had done, they raised their voices, saying in the Lycaonian language, (BY)"The gods have come down to us in the likeness of men!" 12 And Barnabas they called [r]Zeus, and Paul, [s]Hermes, because he was the chief speaker. 13 Then the priest of Zeus, whose temple was in front of their city, brought oxen and garlands to the gates, (BZ)intending to sacrifice with the multitudes.
14 But when the apostles Barnabas and Paul heard this, (CA)they tore their clothes and ran in among the multitude, crying out 15 and saying, "Men, (CB)why are you doing these things? (CC)We also are men with the same nature as you, and preach to you that you should turn from (CD)these useless things (CE)to the living God, (CF)who made the heaven, the earth, the sea, and all things that are in them, 16 (CG)who in bygone generations allowed all nations to walk in their own ways. 17 (CH)Nevertheless He did not leave Himself without witness, in that He did good, (CI)gave us rain from heaven and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with (CJ)food and gladness." 18 And with these sayings they could scarcely restrain the multitudes from sacrificing to them.
Stoning, Escape to Derbe
19 (CK)Then Jews from Antioch and Iconium came there; and having persuaded the multitudes, (CL)they stoned Paul and dragged him out of the city, supposing him to be (CM)dead. 20 However, when the disciples gathered around him, he rose up and went into the city. And the next day he departed with Barnabas to Derbe.
Strengthening the Converts
21 And when they had preached the gospel to that city (CN)and made many disciples, they returned to Lystra, Iconium, and Antioch, 22 strengthening the souls of the disciples, (CO)exhorting them to continue in the faith, and saying, (CP)"We must through many tribulations enter the kingdom of God." 23 So when they had (CQ)appointed elders in every church, and prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord in whom they had believed. 24 And after they had passed through Pisidia, they came to Pamphylia. 25 Now when they had preached the word in Perga, they went down to Attalia. 26 From there they sailed to Antioch, where they had been commended to the grace of God for the work which they had completed.
27 Now when they had come and gathered the church together, (CR)they reported all that God had done with them, and that He had (CS)opened the door of faith to the Gentiles. 28 So they stayed there a long time with the disciples.
Acts 13:6 NU the whole island
Acts 13:8 opposed
Acts 13:15 encouragement
Acts 13:17 M omits Israel
Acts 13:17 Mighty power
Acts 13:23 M salvation, after
Acts 13:26 stock
Acts 13:26 message
Acts 13:34 the state of decay
Acts 13:34 blessings
Acts 13:36 in his
Acts 13:36 underwent decay
Acts 13:37 underwent no decay
Acts 13:42 Or And when they went out of the synagogue of the Jews; NU And when they went out, they begged
Acts 14:2 embittered
Acts 14:2 Lit. souls
Acts 14:9 Lit. Who
Acts 14:12 Jupiter
Acts 14:12 Mercury
Acts 13:1 : Acts 14:26
Acts 13:1 : Rom. 16:21
Acts 13:2 : Num. 8:14; Acts 9:15; 22:21; Rom. 1:1; Gal. 1:15; 2:9
Acts 13:2 : Matt. 9:38; Acts 14:26; Rom. 10:15; Eph. 3:7, 8; 1 Tim. 2:7; 2 Tim. 1:11; Heb. 5:4
Acts 13:3 : Matt. 9:15; Mark 2:20; Luke 5:35; Acts 6:6
Acts 13:4 : Acts 4:36
Acts 13:5 : [Acts 13:46]
Acts 13:5 : Acts 12:25; 15:37
Acts 13:6 : Acts 8:9
Acts 13:8 : Ex. 7:11; 2 Tim. 3:8
Acts 13:9 : Acts 2:4; 4:8
Acts 13:10 : Matt. 13:38; John 8:44; [1 John 3:8]
Acts 13:11 : Ex. 9:3; 1 Sam. 5:6; Job 19:21; Ps. 32:4; Heb. 10:31
Acts 13:13 : Acts 15:38
Acts 13:15 : Luke 4:16
Acts 13:15 : Heb. 13:22
Acts 13:17 : Ex. 6:1, 6; 13:14, 16; Deut. 7:6–8
Acts 13:17 : Acts 7:17
Acts 13:17 : Ex. 14:8
Acts 13:18 : Ex. 16:35; Num. 14:34; Acts 7:36
Acts 13:19 : Deut. 7:1
Acts 13:19 : Josh. 14:1, 2; 19:51; Ps. 78:55
Acts 13:20 : Judg. 2:16; 1 Sam. 4:18; 7:15
Acts 13:20 : 1 Sam. 3:20; Acts 3:24
Acts 13:21 : 1 Sam. 8:5
Acts 13:21 : 1 Sam. 10:20–24
Acts 13:22 : 1 Sam. 15:23, 26, 28
Acts 13:22 : 1 Sam. 16:1, 12, 13
Acts 13:22 : Ps. 89:20
Acts 13:22 : 1 Sam. 13:14
Acts 13:23 : Is. 11:1
Acts 13:23 : Ps. 132:11
Acts 13:23 : [Matt. 1:21]
Acts 13:24 : Matt. 3:1; [Luke 3:3]
Acts 13:25 : Matt. 3:11; Mark 1:7; Luke 3:16
Acts 13:25 : John 1:20, 27
Acts 13:26 : Matt. 10:6
Acts 13:27 : Luke 23:34
Acts 13:28 : Matt. 27:22, 23; Mark 15:13, 14; Luke 23:21–23; John 19:15; Acts 3:14; [2 Cor. 5:21; Heb. 4:15]; 1 Pet. 2:22
Acts 13:29 : Matt. 27:57–61; Mark 15:42–47; Luke 23:50–56; John 19:38–42
Acts 13:30 : Ps. 16:10, 11; Hos. 6:2; Matt. 12:39, 40; 28:6
Acts 13:31 : Matt. 28:16; Acts 1:3, 11; 1 Cor. 15:5–8
Acts 13:32 : [Gen. 3:15]
Acts 13:33 : Ps. 2:7; Heb. 1:5
Acts 13:35 : Ps. 16:10; Acts 2:27
Acts 13:38 : Jer. 31:34
Acts 13:39 : [Is. 53:11; John 3:16]
Acts 13:41 : Hab. 1:5
Acts 13:43 : Titus 2:11; Heb. 12:15; 1 Pet. 5:12
Acts 13:45 : Acts 18:6; 1 Pet. 4:4; Jude 10
Acts 13:46 : Matt. 10:6; Acts 3:26; Rom. 1:16
Acts 13:46 : Ex. 32:10; Deut. 32:21; Is. 55:5; Matt. 21:43; Rom. 10:19
Acts 13:46 : Acts 18:6
Acts 13:47 : Is. 42:6; 49:6; Luke 2:32
Acts 13:48 : [Acts 2:47]
Acts 13:50 : Acts 7:52; 2 Tim. 3:11
Acts 13:51 : Matt. 10:14; Mark 6:11; [Luke 9:5]
Acts 13:52 : Matt. 5:12; John 16:22
Acts 13:52 : Acts 2:4; 4:8, 31; 13:9
Acts 14:1 : John 7:35; Acts 18:4; Rom. 1:14, 16; 1 Cor. 1:22
Acts 14:3 : Mark 16:20; Acts 4:29; 20:32; Heb. 2:4
Acts 14:4 : Luke 12:51
Acts 14:4 : Acts 13:2, 3
Acts 14:5 : 2 Tim. 3:11
Acts 14:6 : Matt. 10:23
Acts 14:10 : [Is. 35:6]
Acts 14:11 : Acts 8:10; 28:6
Acts 14:13 : Dan. 2:46
Acts 14:14 : Num. 14:6; Matt. 26:65; Mark 14:63
Acts 14:15 : James 5:17
Acts 14:15 : 1 Sam. 12:21; Jer. 8:19; 14:22; Amos 2:4; 1 Cor. 8:4
Acts 14:15 : 1 Thess. 1:9
Acts 14:15 : Gen. 1:1; Ex. 20:11; Ps. 146:6; Acts 4:24; 17:24; Rev. 14:7
Acts 14:16 : Ps. 81:12; Mic. 4:5; 1 Pet. 4:3
Acts 14:17 : Acts 17:24–27; Rom. 1:19, 20
Acts 14:17 : Lev. 26:4; Deut. 11:14; [Matt. 5:45]
Acts 14:19 : Acts 13:45, 50; 14:2–5; 1 Thess. 2:14
Acts 14:19 : Acts 14:5; 2 Cor. 11:25; 2 Tim. 3:11
Acts 14:21 : Matt. 28:19
Acts 14:22 : Matt. 10:38; Luke 22:28; [Rom. 8:17; 2 Tim. 2:12; 3:12]
Acts 14:23 : Matt. 9:15; Mark 2:20; Luke 5:35; 2 Cor. 8:19; Titus 1:5
Acts 14:27 : Acts 15:4, 12
Acts 14:27 : 1 Cor. 16:9; 2 Cor. 2:12; Col. 4:3; Rev. 3:8
NKJV, Open Bible, Red Letter Edition, Comfort Print: Complete Reference System
NKJV, Abide Bible, Red Letter Edition, Comfort Print: Holy Bible, New King James Version

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Turtles return to New York to find a city in Shredder's grip. The Turtles will have to use all of their skills and stealth to survive. But is Casey ready for a homecoming welcome from Hun?
• Fan-favorite artist Mateus Santolouco returns!
• Check the Collectibles & Novelties section for IDW's TMNT Micro Fun Packs!!
• Variant Cover by Stephen Mooney!


Pesto freezes very well, but if you plan on freezing it, omit the cheese and add it only when you are ready to use the pesto. For the purposes of developing this recipe, I used a kitchen scale, which is a more accurate and practical way to measure most ingredients, especially leafy vegetables. However, depending on how much pesto you want to make, use my ingredient measurements as a guideline depending on the quantity of spinach, basil, and parsley you are using.
Remove the basil and parsley leaves from the stems and wash them in cold water. Spin the leaves dry in a salad spinner and lay them on a clean dish towel to air-dry for about 20 minutes. Blot away any remaining moisture using paper towels. Set aside.
Place the baby spinach in the bowl of a food processor fitted with the steel blade. Pulse a few times to coarsely chop the spinach. Next, add in the basil and parsley leaves and pulse a few times to chop and incorporate them into the spinach. Add in the garlic cloves, lemon zest, lemon juice, pine nuts and salt, and pulse to incorporate them into the greens. With the machine running, pour the olive oil through the feed tube in a thin stream until the pesto is smooth and thick in consistency (it should not be runny). Scrape down the sides of the bowl to ensure all the ingredients are evenly incorporated and run the machine again to properly emulsify the oil into the other ingredients.
If you will be using the pesto immediately: Transfer the amount of pesto you want to use into a serving bowl large enough to accommodate the amount of pasta you are making and stir in the cheese. As the pasta finishes cooking, ladle out about ½ cup of the hot pasta water into a heat-proof measuring cup and set it aside. Drain the pasta through a colander, add it to the serving bowl, and toss to coat the pasta evenly with the pesto. If the sauce seems too thick, dribble in small amounts of the pasta cooking water to thin the sauce gradually. It should take on a creamy consistency and cling to the pasta evenly.
Storage: If you will not be using the pesto right away, transfer it into freezer-safe containers and smooth the top surface with a spatula. Cover the surface of the pesto completely with a thin layer of olive oil and close the container tightly. Refrigerate and use within 3 days, or freeze for up to 3 months. You can also transfer the pesto sauce into an ice cube tray if you want to have smaller portions. Once the pesto cubes have solidified, pop them out and transfer them into a freezer-safe zip bag and return to the freezer.


repost if you'd like to be part of a commutity-owned soup.io - "Das Leben ist zu kurz, um schlechte Suppe zu essen."
as you might have heard, soup.io is for sale. i see this as an opportunity to transform it into a community-owned website, run as a coop or nonprofit.
if you consider to join this effort as a member, supporter, organizer or developer, please repost and maybe write a reaction with details.


Bedroom is very essential room at home where you seek to have rest and relaxation. It is your shelter after along stressful day. So you need to take a good care when designing it. The simplicity of the modern bedroom makes your bedroom so elegant and comfortable as well.
Choose inspirational theme and the color scheme: you can pick your favorite theme as your personal preference.
The modern bedroom style consists of many different theme you can choose what admire like Asian-inspired theme, Fantasy, Romantic or Fun and Light-hearted theme etc. while the color scheme you may go for neutral shades "green or grey" or you can combine some catching colors together " mauve and gold" but never forget to choose the color suits the theme selected.
Then the modern furniture is always sleek, simple, straightforward lines and elegant as well. The most important piece is the bed so the designers care a lot about the modern beds and there are various choices to pick from; a platform bed, a bed with a high tufted headboard or a headboard shaped as a clam. The mattress should be cozy and soft. The other furniture design should be sleek and smooth such as wardrobe, dresser, chest of drawers and chairs. Don't forget to pick functional items. The furniture colors have to contrast with your bedroom selected color or you may prefer to paint them with the natural wood color.
Remember that the modern bedroom is characterized by simple look, you just choose the essential items there is no needs for crowded pieces. You can pick few accessories and decorations like curtains, soft pillows and cushions but it should be kept at minimum. The best feature you can do is to incorporate the modern style in the entire house to add a consistent elegant look throughout the house.


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The Dos Erres massacre of 6 December 1982 took place in Dos Erres, a small village in the municipality of La Libertad, in the northern Petén department of Guatemala. The name of the village, occasionally given as "Las Dos Erres", literally means "two Rs", originating from two brothers called Ruano who received the original land grant.

On 6 December 1982, during the de facto presidency of General Efraín Ríos Montt, over 200 people were killed in Dos Erres by commandos working as government forces as a part of the government's scorched earth policy, in which up to 200,000 indigenous and Mayan people died.

In December 2011, President Álvaro Colom made a formal apology for the massacre on behalf of the Guatemalan government and months later four soldiers were sentenced to 6,060 years prison for their part in the massacre. In March 2012, a fifth soldier, Pedro Pimentel Rios, was further sentenced to 6,060 years in prison for his participation in the events. Jorge Vinicio Sosa Orantes, "one of the lieutenants" of the commandos, was found guilty in Fall 2013 of immigration fraud in a court in California.

The events of December 1982
In October 1982, guerrillas ambushed an army convoy near Palestina, in the vicinity of Dos Erres. They killed 21 soldiers and took 19 rifles. On 4 December, a contingent of 58 Kaibiles (the elite special forces commandos of the Guatemalan Army) was flown into the area. The following day, they received orders to disguise themselves as guerrillas, deploy to Dos Erres and kill the inhabitants, who were considered guerrilla sympathizers. Dressed as guerrillas, the Kaibiles arrived in the hamlet at 02:30 hrs on 6 December. They forced the inhabitants out of their homes, corralling the men in the schoolhouse and the women and children in the hamlet's two churches. A subsequent search uncovered no sign of weapons or guerrilla propaganda. At 06:00, officers consulted superiors by radio, then informed the commandos they would be "vaccinating" the inhabitants after breakfast.

In the early afternoon, the Kaibiles separated out the children, and began killing them. They raped women and girls, and ripped the fetuses out of pregnant women. They bashed the smallest children's heads against walls and trees, and killed the older ones with hammer blows to the head. A baby was the first to be killed, by dumping the baby live into a deep 4 meter well, along with the rest of the bodies then after. Then the commandos interrogated the men and women one by one, raped some of the women again, then shot or bashed them with the hammer, and dumped them in the well. The massacre continued throughout 7 December. On the morning of 8 December, as the Kaibiles were preparing to leave, another 15 persons, among them children, arrived in the hamlet. With the well already full, they took the newcomers to a location half an hour away, then shot all but two of them. They kept two teenage girls for the next few days, raping them repeatedly and finally strangling them. Only one person survived this massacre, a small child who managed to escape.

Judicial proceedings
In 1994 a case was presented in Guatemala to investigate and bring to trial those responsible for the massacre. However, the case remained paralyzed in Guatemala's justice system and showed no signs of progress.

In 2000, President Alfonso Portillo admitted government responsibility for the massacre. He acknowledged the deaths of 226 victims at the hands of state agents, asked for forgiveness on behalf of the state, and presented survivors' groups with a cheque totaling US$1.82 million.

In 2009, the IACHR held that the amnesty law of 1996 did not apply to the most serious crimes committed during the civil war. This was followed by investigations in the United States against people suspected of involvement in the massacre. In May 2010, Gilberto Jordan, naturalized American and former member of the Kaibiles special forces, was accused of involvement in the massacre and arrested in Florida by U.S. Immigration and Customs officers. On 16 September 2010, after his role in the massacre was established in a Miami court, Jordan was convicted for naturalization fraud and sentenced to 10 years in prison.

In January 2011, Jorge Vinicio Orantes Sosa, another former Kaibil member suspected to be involved in the massacre, was arrested in Alberta on charges of lying to immigration authorities. In September 2011, US authorities formally requested Sosa's extradition from Canada to the United States to face charges of making a false statement and unlawful procurement of citizenship, with regards to his arrival from Guatemala to the United States a few years after the massacre. Sosa, who holds both Canadian and American citizenship is also wanted by Guatemalan authorities. On 21 September 2012, Canada extradited Sosa to the United States, where he stood trial for immigration fraud. He was found guilty and received a 10-year sentence. Sosa also had his US citizenship revoked. He was released from prison on 26 July 2019. Sosa is now residing in Canada, and has yet to be deported.

On 25 July 2011, the office of Attorney General Claudia Paz y Paz began a trial in Guatemala City against four former soldiers of the Kaibiles special forces accused of participating in the massacre. On 2 August 2011, a court found the four soldiers, Manuel Pop, Reyes Collin Gualip, Daniel Martínez Hernández and Lieutenant Carlos Carías guilty of the massacre. They were each sentenced to over 6,000 years in prison.

On 12 March 2012, Pedro Pimentel Rios was sentenced to a symbolic 6,060 years in prison for his part in the massacre.
On 25 May 2012, the American public radio show This American Life aired an episode entitled "What Happened at Dos Erres" which covered the story of a survivor of the massacre, Oscar Ramirez. It was based on a series of articles by ProPublica, which later served as the basis for a 2017 documentary called "Finding Oscar."

A sixth former soldier, Santos Lopez, was convicted of killing 171 people during the massacre. He was sentenced in November 2018 to a symbolic 5,160 years in prison. Among those who testified against him was Ramiro Osorio Cristales, who was 5 years old when his family was murdered during the massacre. Lopez subsequently kidnapped and raised Cristales in an abusive household for the next 13 years. Cristales eventually escaped and sought asylum in Canada, where he currently resides.

On 3 March 2020, Gilberto Jordan, 64, was removed by officers with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement's (ICE) Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) in Miami. Gilberto Jordan, arrived in Guatemala escorted by ERO officers. Upon arrival, Jordan was immediately turned over to Guatemalan law enforcement officials.

References

The earliest version of the massacre narrative was modified and edited from Guatemala: Kaibiles and the Massacre at Las Dos Erres, a public domain information request response document of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.

External links
What Happened At Dos Erres?, This American Life May 2012
Finding Oscar: Massacre, Memory and Justice in Guatemala, ProPublica
How the Media Got Guatemala's Dos Erres Massacre Wrong. The Real News, 2 August 2013
Adopted By The Man Who Killed My Family. BBC World Service (Witness programme), 6 December 2018

Conflicts in 1982
History of Petén
Massacres in Guatemala
Massacres in 1982
1980s murders in Guatemala
1982 crimes in Guatemala

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Beautiful Mali Gown is made of a thick jersey with a satin illusion. The gown features long sleeves with a deep V cut in the front with lace throughout the gown.
The gown is meant to be fitted, please order 1 size down, the gown has plenty of stretch.


Just like you, we want your cat to live the longest, healthiest life possible. That starts with the basics: quality food, enough exercise, good grooming, and yes, regular check-ups.
Vaccinations: Keeping your cat up to date on immunizations and booster shots is a highly effective way to prevent many common diseases and infections like distemper and rabies. Beyond those core vaccines, your pet's age, lifestyle, and likely exposure to certain diseases will be evaluated before we recommend additional inoculations.
Dental Care: Imagine what your teeth would be like if you never cleaned them. Well, the same thing is happening to your cat's teeth without good oral care. We recommend annual dental cleanings and can show you tips for brushing your pet's teeth, which can reduce the need for expensive extractions and more serious dental work down the line.
Parasite Control: Fleas, ticks, worms—preventing them in the first place is much easier and ultimately less expensive than getting rid of them after they've infested your cat. We recommend monitoring your pet and having them screened for internal parasites regularly, and we offer a variety of alternatives for flea, tick, and heartworm prevention.
Proper Nutrition: There's a lot of choices when it comes to what to feed your feline friend. Cats are true carnivores and making sure they get proper nutrition is very important to their health. Our veterinarians can help you figure out what is best for your cat and your lifestyle.
Behavioral Evaluation: Changes in mood or behavior, lack of grooming, or litterbox problems can often be a symptom of an underlying medical condition. Swiftly addressing these shifts can help to identify and treat the root cause.
Skin and Coat Care: Cats are fastidious by nature, but felines with long, thick coats and those who live indoors still may need regular brushing, grooming, and nail trims. Proper skin and hair care can prevent things like mange, matting, bacterial infections, and more.
Exercise: Cats are athletic creatures and getting enough exercise—especially if they live indoors—is extremely important in maintaining cardiovascular health and a healthy weight.
Senior Animals: At Cary Street Veterinary Hospital, we love elder pets! We also know that preventative care is even more significant for them. Cats are living longer than ever, making them more susceptible to disease and illness as they age. We recommend twice-yearly exams and screenings for senior cats to help prolong and improve the quality of their life.


Now in its third year, InOHvate is exploring the future of fintech trends. With a quickly evolving digital landscape and consumer behavior dictating the direction of the industry, the only way to remain relevant as a traditional banking provider is to adapt.
Join fellow progressive credit union executives in Cleveland for this two-day intensive at The Glidden House, hosted by Corporate One and the Ohio Credit Union League.
Don't miss this opportunity to learn from experts in the industry, see live demos, and connect with industry peers. Visit www.InOHvate.com to learn more and register!


text:
Al Salam Bank and Ithmaar Holding agree a financial assets acquisition transaction
LATEST NEWS, NEWS January 28, 2022January 28, 2022 News
Al Salam Bank ("Al Salam Bank") (Bahrain Bourse Trading Code "SALAM", Dubai Financial Market Trading Code "SALAM_BAH") and Ithmaar Holding B.S.C. ("Ithmaar Holding") (Bahrain Bourse and Dubai Financial Market Trading Code "ITHMR") have agreed the acquisition by Al Salam Bank of the consumer banking business of Ithmaar Bank, and Ithmaar Holdings' ownership stake in both Bank of Bahrain and Kuwait B.S.C (BBK) (Bahrain Bourse "BBK"), and Solidarity Group Holding, one of the largest takaful groups globally and the parent of Solidarity Bahrain (Bahrain Bourse Trading Code "SOLID"). This announcement follows the execution of a memorandum of understanding between the two entities in October 2021. The transaction remains subject to the approval of Ithmaar Holding's shareholders and the signing of definitive agreements.
Ithmaar Bank, an integral player in the development of Islamic finance in Bahrain and the wider region, will remain to be a wholly-owned subsidiary of Ithmaar Holding and will continue its journey as an innovative and agile Sharia compliant banking institution post this strategic transaction maintaining its banking operations as a licensed Islamic bank regulated by the Central Bank of Bahrain, focusing on corporate banking and related services.
Al Salam Bank has a proven track-record in the M&A space, reflected in the Bank's successful acquisition of BMI Bank and merger with Bahraini Saudi Bank (BSB) in 2014 and 2011 respectively. This transaction will position Al Salam Bank as the largest Islamic lender in Bahrain by accelerating the pace of market share acquisition in the consumer banking segment and the implementation of its strategy of expanding its core-banking operations.
The transaction is in line with CBB's objectives to develop the Islamic finance industry.
HRH Prince Amr Al Faisal, the Chairman of Ithmaar Holding said, "This transaction with Al Salam Bank is in line with Ithmaar Holding's long-standing strategy of creating value for its shareholders by delivering synergies within its portfolio holdings. Following the transaction, Ithmaar Holding will continue to hold a well-diversified portfolio of international and local financial and other assets which includes banking businesses in Bahrain and Pakistan"."
H.E. Shaikh Khalid bin Mustahil Al Mashani, the Chairman of Al Salam Bank, said, "The transaction supplements the achieved organic growth during the past 3 years cementing Al Salam Bank's position as the fastest growing bank in Bahrain. The Bank has a robust track record of successfully achieving inorganic growth through targeted acquisitions of assets in line with our long-term growth strategy. The acquisition of Ithmaar Bank's consumer banking portfolio, with its rich history spanning almost four decades, will further reinforce Al Salam Bank's position as a leading financial institution in Bahrain."
Barka Desalination's IPO generates strong investor and analyst interest during roadshow meetings
NMDC marks strategic global growth in 2021


text:
Tucker Daniel Fredricks (ur. 16 kwietnia 1984 w Janesville) – amerykański łyżwiarz szybki, brązowy medalista mistrzostw świata (2008/2009, 2011/2012) i dwukrotny zdobywca Pucharu Świata (2006/2007, 2009/2010).

Kariera
Swój jedyny medal na międzynarodowej imprezie Tucker Fredricks wywalczył w 2007 roku, kiedy zajął trzecie miejsce w biegu na 500 m podczas dystansowych mistrzostw świata w Salt Lake City. W zawodach tych wyprzedzili go jedynie Lee Kang-seok z Korei Południowej oraz Japończyk Yūya Oikawa. W tej samej konkurencji zajmował też dwukrotnie piąte miejsce: na dystansowych mistrzostwach świata w Richmond w 2009 roku i rozgrywanych trzy lata później dystansowych mistrzostwach świata w Heerenveen. Kilkukrotnie startował na sprinterskich mistrzostwach świata, najlepszy wynik osiągając podczas mistrzostw świata w wieloboju sprinterskich w Moskwie w 2009 roku, gdzie był dziesiąty. W 2006 roku wziął udział w igrzyskach olimpijskich w Turynie, zajmując 25. miejsce na 500 m. Na tym samym dystansie był też dwunasty podczas igrzysk w Vancouver w 2010 roku, a na rozgrywanych cztery lata później igrzyskach w Soczi zajął 26. miejsce. Wielokrotnie stawał na podium zawodów Pucharu Świata, odnosząc przy tym dziesięć zwycięstw. Najlepsze wyniki osiągnął w sezonach 2006/2007 i 2009/2010, kiedy zwyciężał w klasyfikacji końcowej 500 m. Ponadto w sezonach 2008/2009 i 2011/2012 zajmował trzecie miejsce w tej klasyfikacji.

Bibliografia

 Profil na stronie Schaats Statistieken.nl

Amerykańscy łyżwiarze szybcy
Amerykańscy olimpijczycy
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2006
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2010
Uczestnicy Zimowych Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2014
Urodzeni w 1984


Putting gritty white stuff in your hair may seem like a crazy idea, but the cleansing method has become popular. Find out why (and how) women are using baking soda shampoo, and if it's right for your hair.
It is an effective toothpaste and teeth whitener. It's often added to natural deodorant to absorb wetness. And it has long been used as an itch and sting reliever. But baking soda shampoo?
Yep, baking soda is very useful in personal care and many women are jumping on the no 'poo bandwagon, forgoing traditional shampoo in favor of regular or semi-regular baking soda cleansing. If this notion is new to you, you are likely wondering why on earth anyone would put the gritty baking ingredient in their hair. It surely won't lather, it doesn't smell like a dewy meadow, and it can't be moisturizing. Right on all counts, but baking soda still has other good for hair virtues.
Baking soda is absorbent, thus its regular appearance in natural deodorants. This makes it an effective oil absorber. It is also a decent exfoliant, which covers the cleansing part of the equation. The non-sudsy means of cleansing is said to help balance oil production, leading to healthy hair and scalp.
It is important to note that baking soda is abrasive and can be too much for sensitive scalps. It also has whitening properties, so those with color treated hair are advised to avoid this cleansing method as it can strip color.
Many women and some men begin using baking soda as a way to avoid toxic chemicals in conventional shampoos. Mainstream shampoos contain harsh surfactants and synthetic fragrance ingredients, definitely best avoided. There are many safe shampoos made with nontoxic ingredients, but people with either very oily or very dry hair, or fine hair can experience limp locks and dullness with natural hair products. Fans of the baking soda method claim their hair looks and feels better than ever before.
As you can imagine, reviews are mixed on this subject. One of my followers appears to be a baking soda devotee, relating that she mixes it with apple cider vinegar and tea tree oil to help treat psoriasis or extreme dry scalp. Another reader described her experience as a real bummer, ending up with dried out hair.
So, the process is not for everyone. If your hair is limp, imbalanced, or just not responding well to natural shampoos, baking soda shampoo may be the answer to your hair care woes. Yes, most partakers of the baking soda technique forgo regular shampoo altogether. Many report an adjustment period of a week or three, where hair becomes oilier, but most say this subsides if you can stand to stay the course.
Another tip: To help fend off the greasy phase, enlist the help of a dry shampoo between washings.
Do you use baking soda shampoo or plan to give it a try? We would LOVE to hear your thoughts and experiences on the subject!


related site : http://www.panic.com/goods/ just drag and drop. it seems like real offline shopping.
There are 2 interesting articels about yahoo.com. 1. Yahoo helps customers measure ad effectiveness 2. Yahoo hires DARPA director to head research It's clear, yahoo walking to the only one way in these days. That's a "media" with web 2.0. add. Google to Build Research Unit in Pa. Google also build AI research lab.


text:
import sys

import tensorflow as tf

from model import ModelW2T
from tfx.bricks import embedding, dense_to_one_hot, linear, conv2d, multicolumn_embedding, \
    glorot_mul, reduce_max, dropout, conv2d_bn, batch_norm_lin, pow_1

class Model(ModelW2T):
    def __init__(self, data, FLAGS):
        super(Model, self).__init__(data, FLAGS)

        database_size = data.database.shape[0]
        database_column_embedding_size = 8
        n_database_columns = len(data.database_columns)

        conv_mul = 2
        histories_embedding_size = 16
        histories_vocabulary_length = len(data.idx2word_history)
        histories_utterance_length = data.train_set['histories'].shape[2]
        history_length = data.train_set['histories'].shape[1]

        histories_arguments_embedding_size = 8
        histories_arguments_vocabulary_length = len(data.idx2word_history_arguments)
        n_histories_arguments = data.train_set['histories_arguments'].shape[1]

        action_templates_vocabulary_length = len(data.idx2word_action_template)

        with tf.name_scope('data'):
            database = tf.Variable(data.database, name='database',
                                   trainable=False)

            batch_histories = tf.Variable(data.batch_histories, name='histories',
                                          trainable=False)
            batch_histories_arguments = tf.Variable(data.batch_histories_arguments, name='histories_arguments',
                                                    trainable=False)
            batch_actions_template = tf.Variable(data.batch_actions_template, name='actions',
                                                 trainable=False)

            histories = tf.gather(batch_histories, self.batch_idx)
            histories_arguments = tf.gather(batch_histories_arguments, self.batch_idx)
            actions_template = tf.gather(batch_actions_template, self.batch_idx)

        with tf.name_scope('model'):
            with tf.variable_scope("batch_size"):
                batch_size = tf.shape(histories)[0]

            database_embedding = multicolumn_embedding(
                    columns=database,
                    lengths=[len(i2w) for i2w in [data.database_idx2word[column] for column in data.database_columns]],
                    sizes=[database_column_embedding_size for column in data.database_columns],
                    # all columns have the same size
                    name='database_embedding'
            )

            histories_embedding = embedding(
                    input=histories,
                    length=histories_vocabulary_length,
                    size=histories_embedding_size,
                    name='histories_embedding'
            )

            histories_arguments_embedding = embedding(
                    input=histories_arguments,
                    length=histories_arguments_vocabulary_length,
                    size=histories_arguments_embedding_size,
                    name='histories_arguments_embedding'
            )

            with tf.name_scope("UtterancesEncoder"):
                conv3 = histories_embedding
                # conv3 = dropout(conv3, pow_1(self.dropout_keep_prob, 2))
                conv3 = conv2d_bn(
                        input=conv3,
                        filter=[1, 3, conv3.size, conv3.size * conv_mul],
                        phase_train=self.phase_train,
                        name='conv_utt_size_3_layer_1'
                )

                encoded_utterances = reduce_max(conv3, [2], keep_dims=True, name='encoded_utterances')

            with tf.name_scope("HistoryEncoder"):
                conv3 = encoded_utterances
                conv3 = dropout(conv3, pow_1(self.dropout_keep_prob, 2))
                conv3 = conv2d_bn(
                        input=conv3,
                        filter=[3, 1, conv3.size, conv3.size * conv_mul],
                        phase_train=self.phase_train,
                        name='conv_hist_size_3_layer_1'
                )
                conv3 = dropout(conv3, pow_1(self.dropout_keep_prob, 2))
                conv3 = conv2d_bn(
                        input=conv3,
                        filter=[3, 1, conv3.size, conv3.size * conv_mul],
                        phase_train=self.phase_train,
                        name='conv_hist_size_3_layer_2'
                )

                encoded_history = reduce_max(conv3, [1, 2], name='encoded_history')
                # print(encoded_history)

            with tf.name_scope("DatabaseAttention"):
                histories_arguments_embedding = tf.reshape(
                        histories_arguments_embedding,
                        [-1, n_histories_arguments * histories_arguments_embedding_size],
                        name='histories_arguments_embedding'
                )
                # print(histories_arguments_embedding)

                history_predicate = tf.concat(
                        1,
                        [encoded_history, histories_arguments_embedding],
                        name='history_predicate'
                )
                print(history_predicate)

                att_W_nx = conv3.size + n_histories_arguments * histories_arguments_embedding_size
                att_W_ny = n_database_columns * database_column_embedding_size

                att_W = tf.get_variable(
                        name='attention_W',
                        shape=[att_W_nx, att_W_ny],
                        initializer=tf.random_uniform_initializer(
                                -glorot_mul(att_W_nx, att_W_ny),
                                glorot_mul(att_W_nx, att_W_ny)
                        ),
                )
                hp_x_att_W = tf.matmul(history_predicate, att_W)
                attention_scores = tf.matmul(hp_x_att_W, database_embedding, transpose_b=True)
                attention_scores = batch_norm_lin(attention_scores, database_size, self.phase_train, name='attention_scores_bn')
                attention = tf.nn.softmax(attention_scores, name="attention_softmax")
                print(attention)

                attention_max = tf.reduce_max(attention, reduction_indices=1, keep_dims=True)
                attention_min = tf.reduce_min(attention, reduction_indices=1, keep_dims=True)
                attention_mean = tf.reduce_mean(attention_scores, reduction_indices=1, keep_dims=True)
                attention_feat = tf.concat(1, [attention_max, attention_mean, attention_min], name='attention_feat')
                attention_feat_size = 3
                print(attention_feat)

                db_result = tf.matmul(attention, database_embedding, name='db_result')
                db_result_size = att_W_ny
                print(db_result)

            with tf.name_scope("Decoder"):

                second_to_last_user_utterance = encoded_utterances[:, history_length - 3, 0, :]
                last_system_utterance = encoded_utterances[:, history_length - 2, 0, :]
                last_user_utterance = encoded_utterances[:, history_length - 1, 0, :]

                dialogue_state = tf.concat(
                        1,
                        [
                            encoded_history,
                            last_user_utterance,
                            last_system_utterance,
                            second_to_last_user_utterance,
                            attention_feat,
                            db_result
                        ],
                        name='dialogue_state'
                )
                dialogue_state_size = conv3.size + \
                                      3 * histories_embedding_size * conv_mul + \
                                      attention_feat_size + \
                                      db_result_size

                activation = tf.nn.relu(dialogue_state)
                activation = dropout(activation, self.dropout_keep_prob)

                projection = linear(
                        input=activation,
                        input_size=dialogue_state_size,
                        output_size=dialogue_state_size,
                        name='linear_projection_1'
                )
                projection = batch_norm_lin(projection, dialogue_state_size, self.phase_train, name='linear_projection_1_bn')
                activation = tf.nn.relu(projection)
                activation = dropout(activation, self.dropout_keep_prob)

                projection = linear(
                        input=activation,
                        input_size=dialogue_state_size,
                        output_size=dialogue_state_size,
                        name='linear_projection_2'
                )
                projection = batch_norm_lin(projection, dialogue_state_size, self.phase_train, name='linear_projection_2_bn')
                activation = tf.nn.relu(projection)
                activation = dropout(activation, self.dropout_keep_prob)

                projection = linear(
                        input=activation,
                        input_size=dialogue_state_size,
                        output_size=action_templates_vocabulary_length,
                        name='linear_projection_3'
                )
                self.predictions = tf.nn.softmax(projection, name="predictions")
                # print(self.predictions)

        if FLAGS.print_variables:
            for v in tf.trainable_variables():
                print(v.name)

        with tf.name_scope('loss'):
            one_hot_labels = dense_to_one_hot(actions_template, action_templates_vocabulary_length)
            self.loss = tf.reduce_mean(- one_hot_labels * tf.log(tf.clip_by_value(self.predictions, 1e-10, 1.0)), name='loss')
            tf.scalar_summary('loss', self.loss)

        with tf.name_scope('accuracy'):
            correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(one_hot_labels, 1), tf.argmax(self.predictions, 1))
            self.accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction, 'float'))
            tf.scalar_summary('accuracy', self.accuracy)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 17, 2018 -- (Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network) -- Akero Therapeutics, Inc., a biotechnology company developing transformational treatments for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other serious metabolic diseases, today announced the appointment of Kitty Yale as chief development officer. Yale joins Akero from Gilead Sciences, Inc. where she led global clinical operations and management of the company's oncology, HIV, inflammation and liver disease trials. She will direct Akero's clinical development program for its lead candidate to treat NASH.
"Kitty brings more than two decades of clinical research experience to Akero, including an extensive background in both early and late-stage drug development. Her knowledge and insights will be invaluable as we advance AKR-001 into the clinic for NASH and continue to grow and build our pipeline," said Akero President and CEO Andrew Cheng, MD, PhD.
Yale held multiple senior clinical research and operations roles at Gilead during her 17-year tenure. Most recently, as VP of Clinical Operations at Gilead, she led global development programs resulting in eight drug approvals in the US, Europe, Canada, Korea, Japan and China. Prior to Gilead, she worked in clinical operations at Roche Global Development. She holds a BSc (Hons) in molecular biology from Glasgow Caledonian University.
"Akero is an exciting company with a vision to become a leader in treating NASH and other metabolic diseases," said Yale. "I am thrilled about the opportunity to work alongside such a talented team and develop truly meaningful therapies for patients."
Akero's lead program (AKR-001) is a long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) analogue to treat NASH. In June, the company raised a $65M Series A round from Apple Tree Partners, Atlas Venture, venBio Partners and Versant Ventures and in-licensed AKR-001 from Amgen, Inc. Akero plans to advance the compound into Phase 2 clinical studies for NASH in mid-2019 and evaluate its potential to treat other serious metabolic diseases.


AMP'd Youth is a place where students 6th-12th grade can come out to a fun, friendly, and safe environment and to learn to trust in God. AMP'd can be summed up into 3 words: Invest, Involve, and Inspire. We want to invest in student's lives to bring them closer to Christ, involve them in God's word and in a place where they can be comfortable to be themselves, and Inspire them to become the men and women that God would want them to be.
AMP'd Youth meets every Wednesday night 7PM-8:30PM in the youth center, located behind the main church building.


How to handle missing copays?
Definitely enjoyed your article on Tip 101. My question is any tips on how to handle the situation when you do find that copays are missing and it leads to the person collecting them.
Dr. R, thanks for the follow up question. Suspecting an employee of stealing and proving it are, of course, two different scenarios. Oftentimes suspicion is enough to warrant action, or possibly termination. But, how do you prove an employee is stealing short of catching them red-handed (especially when you are in the back treating patients)?
First, decide whether you want to alert your staff you are aware of the shortfalls, or if you are going to operate your own internal sting operation to catch the culprit. If you are electing the former, be sure to take overt actions alerting your staff you are watching more closely. For the latter measure, keep a watchful eye on who is collecting copays, consider installing cameras in the practice (which may be placed anywhere an individual would not have an expectation of privacy - such as a bathroom or changing area).
Second, you may elect to interview your staff to discuss the missing co-payments. Be sure to have a witness with you at all times during any such discussions, especially if you elect to address with one employee at a time. I recommend having your office manager take part in each meeting, unless he or she is the suspected culprit.
Third, if you do identify an individual you believe to be stealing from the practice, contact the police immediately and fill out a police report. Even if you have no intention of pressing charges, it is imperative for you to protect yourself and the practice from continued theft. By filing a police report you are creating a legal record of the theft that may come in handy should the need arise. For the next steps here - availing yourself of your rights - I recommend contacting your healthcare attorney and evaluating your particular situation and its nuances.
To protect against employees stealing I recommend ordering and reviewing a background check on any/all potential hires. Having information that a potential employee has previously plead guilty for shoplifting or other minor theft may, in fact, be extremely pertinent information. Additionally, do not be shy about installing cameras at your practice. Just be careful where they are placed, and feel free to put cameras in open and obvious locations so your staff knows they are being watched. Do not tell everyone you never bothered to install the memory card on the recording device for the cameras you did not have activated - let your staff believe they are being monitored. Finally, if you do discover an employee is stealing, that employee must go - immediately, and properly. Document, document, document! If the thief-employee is a licensed healthcare provider, that individual may have licensure exposure as well for improper practices.
For assistance with a (suspected or confirmed) thief-employee, contact Jennifer at (516) 747-6700 x. 302 or email her at Jennifer@Kirschenbaumesq.com.


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Pupil Premium is funding allocated to schools by the Department of Education to provide additional educational support, according to the number of children eligible for Free School Meals during the last 6 years (known as the Ever 6 FSM measure). Its purpose is to raise attainment, accelerate progress and fulfil the achievement potential of all children. It is up to schools to decide how to spend the Pupil Premium funding because they are best placed to assess what additional educational provision should be put in place to ensure maximum progress for all the children within their care. All schools will be held accountable for how they have used the Pupil Premium funding and the impact it has had on the children's learning.
All children will be supported and encouraged to lead healthy and active lives developing the legacy of the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Pupil Premium funding at Whyteleafe School is used primarily to accelerate the progress for eligible children through the planning and delivery of a range of enhanced and personalised learning experiences and interventions.
At Whyteleafe School we have 38 children who are entitled to Pupil Premium funding.
We regularly review our Pupil Premium initiatives to ensure they are having a positive impact. Each year we plan priorities for the current year's expenditure based on the cohort of eligible children.
Funding is allocated to the school on an annual basis. It is important that if you think your child is eligible for Pupil Premium support, you must contact the school office for information or you can download the attached leaflet. Individual requests for financial support for school-based activities are considered by the school. Requests can be made via the school office.
Out of 21 key areas of attainment where Pupil Premium data is available, Whyteleafe pupils exceeded national performance in 17 of these and were broadly in line with national performance in 3 other areas. The only section which is red is in the attainment of Pupil Premium children in EYFS (Reception) although as there were only 4 children in this year group eligible for PP funding, each child's attainment is calculated at 25%. Therefore 1 further child achieving the Good Level of Development would have changed Whyteleafe's percentage to 50% which would be amber. These children, although they did not achieve the GLD, made excellent progress in their reception year which is shown in greater detail in our 2014-15 'Impact Report' document.


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This critical document needs to satisfy the authorities across a number of themes, including clearly detailing your professional experience, market research, business growth strategy, competitor analysis, the employment your business will create, the professional services you have engaged, as well as what you intend to spend your investment funds on. It is not uncommon for immigration officers to ask you in detail about your business plan at interview.
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La Campaña de Nueva York y Nueva Jersey fue una serie de batallas acaecidas entre julio de 1776 y marzo de 1777 en Nueva York y Nueva Jersey, entre los Estados Unidos al mando del general George Washington y el Reino de Gran Bretaña (ayudado por tropas alemanas de Hesse-Kassel y Waldeck) a las órdenes del general William Howe. Esta campaña se engloba dentro de la guerra de Independencia de los Estados Unidos.

El general Howe logró expulsar a Washington y sus tropas de Nueva York, pero se extralimitó al tratar de reconquistar Nueva Jersey. Solo consiguió unos cuantos puestos de avanzada cerca de la ciudad. Los británicos fijaron en Nueva York su cuartel general para el resto de la guerra y la utilizaron de base para expediciones contra otros objetivos.

En el primer desembarco sin oposición en Staten Island el 3 de julio de 1776, Howe reunió un ejército compuesto de soldados que habían sido retirados de Boston en marzo, tras su fracaso en mantener esa ciudad, junto con otras tropas británicas, así como tropas de Hesse arrendadas de varios principados alemanes.
Washington tenía soldados de Nueva Inglaterra, así como los regimientos de los estados al sur hasta Virginia.  Desembarcando en Long Island en agosto, Howe derrotó a Washington en la batalla más grande de la guerra, pero el Ejército Continental fue capaz de retirarse a Manhattan protegidos por la oscuridad y la niebla. Washington sufrió una serie de derrotas en Manhattan, con la excepción de una victoria en Harlem Heights, pero sin embargo fue perseguido al norte a White Plains, Nueva York. En ese punto Howe regresó a Manhattan para capturar las fuerzas que Washington había dejado en el norte de la isla.

Washington y gran parte de su ejército cruzaron el río Hudson en Nueva Jersey, y se retiraron al otro lado del río Delaware en Pensilvania, disminuyendo debido a la finalización de los períodos de alistamiento, las deserciones y desmoralización. Howe ordenó en diciembre el acuartelamiento de sus tropas por el invierno, estableciendo una cadena de puestos de avanzada de Nueva York a Burlington, Nueva Jersey. Washington, en un tremendo impulso para la moral estadounidense, lanzó un ataque exitoso contra la guarnición de Trenton después de cruzar el helado río Delaware, lo que llevó a Howe a retirar su cadena de puestos de avanzada de regreso a Nueva Brunswick y la costa cerca de Nueva York, mientras que Washington estableció su campamento de invierno en Morristown.

Gran Bretaña mantuvo el control de la ciudad de Nueva York y parte del territorio circundante hasta el término de la guerra en 1783, usándola como base para operaciones en otras partes de América del Norte. En 1777, el general Howe lanzó una campaña para capturar Filadelfia, dejando al general Henry Clinton al mando de la zona de Nueva York, mientras que el general John Burgoyne encabezó un intento de hacerse con el control del valle del río Hudson desde Quebec que falló en Saratoga. El norte de Nueva Jersey fue el escenario de escaramuzas entre las fuerzas de oposición por el resto de la guerra.

Antecedentes

Cuando la revolución estadounidense estalló en abril de 1775, las tropas británicas estaban sitiadas en Boston. Derrotaron a las fuerzas patriotas en la batalla de Bunker Hill, sufriendo bajas muy altas. Cuando las noticias de la costosa victoria británica llegaron a Londres, el general William Howe y Lord George Germain, decidieron que debía tomarse una "acción decisiva" frente a Nueva York, con las fuerzas reclutadas en todo el Imperio Británico, así como tropas a sueldo de los pequeños estados alemanes.

El general George Washington, recientemente nombrado comandante en jefe del Ejército Continental por el Segundo Congreso Continental, se hizo eco del sentir de otros al afirmar que Nueva York era «un puesto de importancia infinita», y comenzó la tarea de organizar operaciones militares en la región de Nueva York cuando se detuvo allí de camino al asedio de Boston, cuyo mando iba a asumir. En enero de 1776 Washington ordenó a Charles Lee reclutar tropas y tomar el mando de las defensas de Nueva York. Lee había hecho algunos progresos en las defensas de la ciudad cuando llegó la noticia a finales de marzo de 1776 de que el ejército británico había salido de Boston después de que Washington lo amenazase desde las colinas del sur de la ciudad. Preocupado por el hecho de que el general Howe estuviese dirigiéndose directamente a Nueva York, Washington se apresuró a enviar los regimientos desde Boston, incluyendo al general Israel Putnam, quien mandó interinamente las tropas de Washington hasta que este llegó a mediados de abril. A finales de abril, Washington despachó al general John Sullivan con seis regimientos al norte para reforzar la tambaleante campaña de Quebec.

El general Howe, en lugar de marchar contra Nueva York, retiró su ejército a Halifax, Nueva Escocia, y se reagrupó; mientras los transportes cargados de tropas británicas enviadas desde bases en Europa y destinadas a Nueva York comenzaron a reunirse en Halifax. En junio Howe se embarcó rumbo a Nueva York con nueve hombres, antes de que hubiesen llegaro todos los transportes. Las tropas alemanas, principalmente de Hesse-Kassel, así como de las británicas de la fracasada expedición de Henry Clinton a las Carolinas, fueron a reunirse con la flota de Howe cuando este llegó a Nueva York. El hermano del general Howe, el almirante Richard Howe, arribó a Halifax con transportes adicionales luego de la partida del general, y le siguió inmediatamente.

Cuando el general Howe llegó al puerto exterior de Nueva York, los barcos se dirigieron hacia la indefensa Narrows, entre Staten Island y Long Island; el 2 de julio, comenzó el desembarco de las tropas en las costas indefensas de Staten Island. Washington supo por prisioneros que Howe había desembarcado diez mil hombres y esperaba otros quince mil. El general Washington, con un ejército más pequeño, de cerca de diecinueve mil soldados, carecía de información significativa sobre el dispositivo y los planes británicos, y no estaba seguro de en que zona de Nueva York atacaría Howe. Por lo tanto, distribuyó el Ejército Continental entre las posiciones fortificadas de Long Island, Manhattan y otros lugares del territorio continental y estableció un campamento en el norte de Nueva Jersey. Con ello pretendía conservar una reserva que pudiera participar en las operaciones en cualquier punto del curso del Hudson en Jersey.

Captura de la ciudad de Nueva York

El Parlamento les concedido autoridad como comisionados de paz a los hermanos Howe, con poderes limitados para buscar una solución pacífica al conflicto. El rey Jorge III no era optimista sobre la posibilidad de paz. Sus poderes se limitaban a conceder "indultos generales y especiales" y para "conferenciar con cualquiera de los súbditos de su majestad".  El 14 de julio, de acuerdo con estos poderes, el almirante Howe envió un mensajero con una carta dirigida a "George Washington, Esq.", a través del puerto. Joseph Reed, el ayudante de Washington, amablemente informó al mensajero que ninguna persona con ese título se encontraba en su ejército. El ayudante del almirante Howe escribió que "el formalismo de una dirección" no debería haber impedido la entrega de la carta, y de Howe se decía que estaba visiblemente molesto por el rechazo. Una segunda petición, dirigida a "George Washington, Esq., etc." fue rechazada de manera similar, a pesar de que el mensajero le dijo que Washington podría recibir a uno de los ayudantes de Howe.   En esa reunión infructuosa celebrada el 20 de julio, Washington señaló que los poderes limitados de los hermanos Howe no eran de mucha utilidad, ya que los rebeldes no habían hecho nada malo para exigir una amnistía.

A finales de agosto, los británicos transportan cerca de 22.000 hombres (incluidos 9.000 hessianos) a Long Island. En la Batalla de Long Island el 27 de agosto de 1776, los británicos flanquearon las posiciones estadounidenses, conduciendo a los estadounidenses de nuevo a las fortificaciones de Brooklyn Heights. El general Howe comenzó las obras de asedio, pero Washington hábilmente logró una retirada nocturna a través de su desprotegida retaguardia en el East River para la isla de Manhattan. Howe hizo una pausa para consolidar su posición y considerar su próximo movimiento.

Durante la batalla, los británicos capturaron al general John Sullivan. El almirante Howe le convenció para entregar un mensaje al Congreso en Filadelfia, y lo dejó en libertad bajo palabra. Washington también dio su permiso, y el 2 de septiembre Sullivan le dijo al Congreso que los Howes querían negociar, y que habían recibido poderes mucho más amplios para tratar de que las negociaciones se llevaran a cabo. Esto creó un problema diplomático para el Congreso, que no querrían ser vistos como agresivos, que es como algunos representantes consideraron que parecería un rechazo directo a la apelación. Consecuentemente, el Congreso acordó enviar una comisión para reunirse con los Howes, en una medida que no se creía que hubiera ningún fruto. El 11 de septiembre, los hermanos Howe se reunieron con John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, y Edward Rutledge en la Conferencia de paz de Staten Island. Tuvo exactamente el resultado que los estadounidenses esperaban.

Durante este tiempo, Washington, que había sido ordenado por el Congreso para mantener Nueva York, estaba preocupado de que podría haber escapado de una trampa para otra, ya que el ejército seguía siendo vulnerable al estar rodeado en Manhattan. Para mantener sus rutas de escape abiertas hacia el norte, colocó 5.000 soldados en la ciudad (que entonces solo ocupaba la parte más baja de Manhattan), y se llevó el resto del ejército para Harlem Heights. En el primer uso registrado de un submarino en la guerra, él también intentó un ataque a la Armada Real con el lanzamiento del sumergible Turtle en un intento fallido de hundir el HMS Eagle, buque insignia del almirante Howe.

El 15 de septiembre, el general Howe desembarcó cerca de 12.000 hombres en el sur de Manhattan, tomando rápidamente el control de la ciudad de Nueva York. Los estadounidenses se retiraron a Harlem, donde hubo una escaramuza al día siguiente, pero se mantuvieron firmes. En lugar de intentar expulsar a Washington de su sólida posición por segunda vez, Howe optó de nuevo por una maniobra de flanqueo. Desembarcó las tropas con cierta oposición en octubre, en el condado de Westchester, buscando rodear a Washington una vez más. Para defenderse de este movimiento, Washington retiró la mayor parte de su ejército a White Plains, donde después de una corta batalla el 28 de octubre se retiró hacia el norte. Esto aisló el resto de las tropas del Ejército Continental en el Alto Manhattan, por lo que Howe volvió a Manhattan y capturó Fort Washington a mediados de noviembre, tomando casi 3.000 prisioneros. Cuatro días más tarde, Fort Lee, cruzando el río Hudson desde Fort Washington, también fue capturado. Washington llevó gran parte de su ejército a través del río Hudson dentro de Nueva Jersey, pero se vio obligado a retirarse de inmediato por el agresivo avance británico.

El general Howe, después de consolidar las posiciones británicas alrededor de puerto de Nueva York, separó 6.000 hombres bajo el mando de dos de sus subordinados más difíciles, Henry Clinton y Hugh Percy para tomar Newport, Rhode Island (cosa que hicieron sin oposición el 8 de diciembre),  mientras tanto envió a Charles Cornwallis a perseguir el ejército de Washington a través de Nueva Jersey. Los estadounidenses se retiraron a través del río Delaware en Pensilvania a principios de diciembre.

Reacciones
Las perspectivas del Ejército Continental —y por lo tanto la revolución misma— eran sombrías. "Estos son los tiempos que
ponen a prueba las almas de los hombres", escribió Thomas Paine en The American Crisis. El ejército de Washington se había reducido a menos de 5.000 hombres aptos para el servicio y se redujo significativamente después de que el alistamiento expiró a finales de año. Los ánimos estaban bajos, el apoyo popular estaba indeciso, y el Congreso  habían abandonado Filadelfia, por temor a un ataque británico. Washington ordenó a algunos de los soldados que regresaban de la fallida invasión de Quebec que se reuniesen con él, también ordenó a las tropas del general Lee, que había dejado al norte de Nueva York, a unirse a él. Lee, cuya relación con Washington se encontraba en tiempos difíciles, dio excusas, y solo llegó hasta Morristown, Nueva Jersey. Cuando Lee se alejó demasiado de su ejército el 12 de diciembre, expuso su posición y fue traicionado por los lealistas, una compañía británica al mando del teniente coronel Banastre Tarleton rodeó la posada donde se hospedaba y se lo llevaron preso. Del comando de Lee se hizo cargo John Sullivan, quien terminó marchando con el ejército hasta el campamento de Washington, cruzando el río desde Trenton.

La captura de Lee presentó a los Howes un prisionero problemático. Al igual que otros líderes del Ejército Continental que habían servido en el ejército británico. Debido a esto, los Howes en un principio lo trataban como un desertor, con amenazas de castigo militar. Sin embargo, Washington intervino, vinculando el tratamiento de Lee al trato de los presos que él tenía. Lee fue tratado bien en última instancia, y al parecer ofreció asesoramiento a los comandantes británicos sobre cómo ganar la guerra. Debido a que los estadounidenses no tenían un prisionero de rango similar, Lee siguió siendo un prisionero en Nueva York hasta 1778, cuando fue cambiado por Richard Prescott.

El fracaso del Ejército Continental para mantener Nueva York también provocó un aumento de la actividad lealista. Los británicos reclutaron activamente en Nueva York y Nueva Jersey para crear regimientos de la milicia provincial, con cierto éxito. Los lealistas en estas áreas podrían haber sido motivados viendo los elementos de la cabeza del ejército rebelde en casa, después de que los enlistamientos terminasen. Un líder de la milicia patriota de Nueva York escribió que treinta de sus hombres en lugar de reenlistarse con él, habían firmado su lugar con el enemigo.  El 30 de noviembre el almirante Howe ofreció amnistía a cualquier persona que hubiese tomado las armas contra la Corona, siempre y cuando prestara juramento a ella. Washington respondió con su propia proclamación, sugiriendo que aquellos que no renunciaran a tales juramentos deberían ir inmediatamente tras las líneas británicas. Como resultado Nueva Jersey se convirtió en un campo de batalla civil, con actividades milicianas, así como de espionaje y contra espionaje continuando durante el resto de la guerra.

La noticia de la captura de Nueva York fue recibida favorablemente en Londres,  y el general Howe fue condecorado con la Orden del Baño por su trabajo. Combinada con la noticia de la recuperación de Quebec, las circunstancias sugirieron a los líderes británicos que la guerra podría terminarse con un año más de campaña. Las noticias sobre la proclama de amnistía del almirante Howe fueron recibidas con cierta sorpresa, ya que las condiciones eran más indulgentes de lo que los extremistas en el gobierno esperaban. Los políticos opuestos a la guerra señalaron que en el anuncio no se menciona la primacía del Parlamento. Además, los Howes fueron criticados por no mantener informado al Parlamento sobre varios esfuerzos de paz en los que se embarcaron.

La estrategia de Howe

Con la campaña en una aparente conclusión para la temporada, los británicos establecieron una cadena de puestos avanzados que se extendían desde Perth Amboy a Bordentown y pasaron a los cuarteles de invierno. Controlaban gran parte de Nueva York y Nueva Jersey y estaban en buena posición para reanudar las operaciones en la primavera; la capital rebelde de Filadelfia esta a su alcance. Howe despachó al general Clinton con seis mil hombres para ocupar Newport, Rhode Island, que debía servir como base para futuras operaciones contra Boston y Connecticut; Clinton ocupó Newport a principios de diciembre sin encontrar oposición. Howe luego esbozó una campaña para el año siguiente en una carta a lord Germain: diez mil hombres marcharían contra Newport, otros tantos participarían en una expedición a Albany (para unirse a un ejército que descendería de Quebec), ocho mil más cruzarían Nueva Jersey y amenazarían Filadelfia, y finalmente otros cinco mil defenderían Nueva York.

Contraataque de Washington

Aunque preocupándose por cómo mantener a su ejército unido, Washington organizó ataques contra los puestos de avanzada británicos.
Los comandantes alemanes Carl von Donop y Johann Rall, cuyas brigadas estaban al final de la cadena de puestos de avanzada, fueron blanco frecuente de estos ataques, pero sus repetidas advertencias y solicitudes de apoyo del general James Grant fueron desestimadas.

A partir de mediados de diciembre, Washington planeó un ataque de dos frentes sobre las avanzada de Rall en Trenton, con un tercer ataque de distracción en el puesto de avanzada de Donop en Bordentown. El plan se vio favorecido por la presencia fortuita de una compañía de milicia que atrajo a toda la fuerza de dos mil hombres de Donop, lejos, hacia el sur de Bordentown, dando lugar a una escaramuza en Mount Holly el 23 de diciembre. Las consecuencias de esta acción fueron que Donop no estaba en condiciones de ayudar a Rall cuando tuvo lugar el ataque de Washington en Trenton. En la noche de Navidad, Washington y dos mil cuatrocientos hombres sigilosamente cruzaron el Delaware y sorprendieron el puesto de Rall la mañana siguiente, matando o capturando casi 1000 hessianos. Esta acción impulsó significativamente la moral del ejército, pero también trajo a Cornwallis fuera de Nueva York. Reunió un ejército de más de seis mil hombres; la mayoría de ellos marcharon contra una posición que Washington había tomado al sur de Trenton. Dejando una guarnición de mil doscientos soldados en Princeton, Cornwallis atacó la posición de Washington el 2 de enero, pero fue rechazado tres veces antes de que oscureciera. Durante la noche, una vez más, Washington movió sigilosamente su ejército, rodeando a Cornwallis con la intención de acometer a la guarnición de Princeton.

Hugh Mercer dirigió a la vanguardia estadounidense y chocó con los soldados británicos bajo el mando de Charles Mawhood en Princeton. Las tropas británicas atacaron a Mercer, que fue herido de muerte en la batalla. Washington le envió refuerzos al mando del general John Cadwalader, que pudo repeler a Mawhood y expulsarlo de Princeton; gran parte de los británicos huyeron a Trenton, donde se encontraba Cornwallis. Los británicos perdieron más de una cuarta parte de sus hombres en la batalla, la victoria animó a los estadounidenses.

Las derrotas convencieron al general Howe de retirar la mayor parte de su ejército de Nueva Jersey, dejando solo puestos de avanzada en Nuevo Brunswick y Perth Amboy. Washington se acuarteló para invernar en Morristown, después de haber vuelto a arrebatar la mayor parte del estado a los británicos. Sin embargo, las provisiones de ambos ejércitos eran limitadas, y los comandantes respectivos enviaron parte de sus tropas a buscar comida y otros suministros. Durante los próximos meses, los dos bandos se enzarzaron en una guerra forrajera, en la que cada uno elegía como blanco las partes de alimentación de la otra. Esto dio lugar a numerosas escaramuzas y enfrentamientos menores, como la batalla de Millstone. Los británicos también se atacaron entre sí sobre el tema de las provisiones. Lord Percy renunció a su puesto después de una serie de desacuerdos con Howe, que culminó por la capacidad de la estación de Newport de proporcionar alimento a las fuerzas de Nueva York y Nueva Jersey.

Consecuencias
Los británicos tomaron el control del puerto de Nueva York y las zonas agrícolas circundantes, manteniendo la ciudad de Nueva York y Long Island hasta el final la guerra en 1783. Los estadounidenses sufrieron importantes bajas y pérdida de suministros, pero Washington logró conservar el núcleo de su ejército y evitó un enfrentamiento decisivo que podría haber terminado la guerra. Con los golpes audaces en Trenton y Princeton, había recuperado la iniciativa y aumentado la moral. Las áreas alrededor de la ciudad de Nueva York en Nueva York, Nueva Jersey y Connecticut fueron un campo de batalla permanente durante el resto de la guerra.

En los primeros informes que el general Howe envió a sus superiores en Londres sobre las batallas de Trenton y Princeton intentó minimizar su importancia, culpando a Rall por Trenton, y tratando de reformular Princeton como una defensa casi exitosa. No todo el mundo se dejó engañar por estos reporte, en especial Lord Germain. En una carta al general hessiano Leopold Philip de Heister, Germain escribió que "el oficial que comandaba [las fuerzas en Trenton] y a quien debe atribuirse esta desgracia, ha perdido la vida por su temeridad". Heister a su vez tenía que informar a su gobernante, Federico II de Hesse-Kassel, la noticia de que no solo había perdido una brigada entera, si no que también dieciséis banderas regimentales y seis cañones. La noticia de los informes enfureció a Federico, que en términos generales sugirió a Heister el regreso a casa (cosa que hizo, pasando el mando de las fuerzas de Hesse a Wilhelm von Knyphausen). Federico también ordenó una amplia investigación sobre los acontecimientos de 1776, que tuvo lugar en Nueva York desde 1778 hasta 1782. Estas investigaciones crearon un archivo único de materiales sobre la campaña.

Las noticias de los éxitos de Washington llegaron a París en un momento crítico. El embajador británico en Francia, David Murray, estaba preparando las denuncias ante el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de Francia, el conde de Vergennes, en relación con el apoyo financiero y logístico semi-secreto que Francia había estado dando a los rebeldes. Stormont se había enterado que los suministros con destino a los Estados Unidos iban a ser embarcados bajo banderas francesas, donde anteriormente se habían enviado con colores estadounidenses. Él escribió que la corte francesa estaba muy feliz con la noticia, y que la posición diplomática francesa se endureció notablemente: "que M. de Vergennes es hostil en su corazón y su ansia por el éxito de los rebeldes no tienen una sombra de una duda".

Pasos siguientes

Los británicos planearon dos operaciones principales en la campaña de 1777. La primera fue un ambicioso plan para apoderarse del valle del río Hudson, cuya clave fue un avance del ejército de Quebec del general John Burgoyne a lo largo del lago Champlain. La ejecución de este plan falló en última instancia: Burgoyne acabó rindiéndose en Saratoga, Nueva York, en octubre. La segunda operación fue el plan general de Howe para tomar Filadelfia que, tras un comienzo difícil, concluyó con éxito en septiembre.

La estrategia de Washington en 1777 continuó siendo básicamente defensiva. Evitó el intento de Howe de atraerlo a un combate general en el norte de Nueva Jersey, pero no pudo impedir la conquista de Filadelfia. Hizo enviar ayuda material al general Horatio Gates, que estaba encargado de hacer frente a las maniobras de Burgoyne. El mayor general Benedict Arnold y los fusileros de Daniel Morgan desempeñaron un papel destacado en la derrota de Burgoyne, después de que Francia hubiese entrado en la guerra.

Legado
En los entornos urbanos de Manhattan, Brooklyn y Trenton hay placas y monumentos colocados para conmemorar las acciones que tuvieron lugar en y alrededor de esos lugares. El campo de batalla de Princeton y el cruce de Washington son Monumentos Históricos Nacionales, con algunos parques estatales preservando la totalidad o parte de los lugares donde los acontecimientos de esta campaña se produjeron en esas áreas. El parque histórico nacional Morristown conserva lugares ocupados por el Ejército Continental durante los meses de invierno, al final de la campaña.

Véase también

 Historia de Nueva York (1665-1783)

Referencias

Bibliografía

 Ganador del Premio Pulitzer de Historia en 2005.

Bibliografía adicional

 ISBN 0-306-81329-7 (2003 reimpresión de bolsillo).

Enlaces externos
The Continental Army Bibliography of Operations in New England Theater compilado por el Centro de Historia Militar de los Estados Unidos
 compilado por el Centro de Historia Militar de los Estados Unidos

Guerra de Independencia de Estados Unidos


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Our Carr Winery neighbor, Chef Justin West over at Wildwood Kitchen, is helping us celebrate the release of the flagship 2016 Carr Syrah from Kærksov Vineyard by setting us up with this fantastic tri-tip pairing. The flavors compliment and balance out the wine in an effortless way. Swing by Wildwood on Haley St. in downtown Santa Barbara to pick up some of their house BBQ sauce and dry rub, or improvise with your own creation!
1. The night before you plan to grill, rub the tri-tip down with 2-3 tbsp. coffee BBQ sauce proceeded by 3-4 tbsp. of coffee dry rub. Cover and place in the refrigerator.
2. The day of grilling: pre-heat your smoker or grill. Smoke and/or grilled tri-tip to an internal temperature of 120ºF. Allow to rest for 20 minutes prior to slicing. Reserve all the resting juices!
3. While the tri-tip is grilling, peel the celery root. Great the peeled celery root on a box grater and add the parsley, garlic, lemon juice, and olive oil. Season with salt and pepper.
4. Season the broccoli with salt, pepper, and a little olive oil. Grill or sauté with the celery root until tender.
5. Take the juices from the rested tri-tip and place them in a sauce pan with the butter and 1 tbsp. of the coffee BBQ sauce. Stir until the butter is melted.
6. Slice the tri-tip in a normal fashion, plate or serve family style, and enjoy!