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Celts to the Crèche: St. Brigid of Kildare
Posted on December 11, 2013 by Brenda
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Celts to the Crèche
St. Brigid of Kildare
c 452-523/525 AD
On this 5th day of Advent on our journey with the Celts to the Crèche, we meet Saint Brigid/Brigit, Bridget, Bride, an early Irish saint who was one of Ireland's three patron saints along with St. Patrick (see day 40 of Celts to the Crèche) and St. Columba (see day four of Celts to the Crèche). It is said that St. Brigid and St. Patrick were friends and that she was an ardent preacher that went throughout Ireland on a chariot evangelizing the people. Brigid was the founder of several monasteries including Kildare (Cill Dara meaning "Church of the Oak Tree"), which was a double monastery of men and women serving equally together under the rule of an Abbess. She also may have been ordained as a Bishop.
She is famous for saying, "A person without an anam cara (soul friend) is like a body without a head." St. Brigid's feast day was likely chosen as February 1 since Imbolc, one of the four Celtic feasts begins on this date.
Columba, Patrick, and Brigid, the three patron saints of Ireland
You may desire to continue reading more about Brigid or scroll on down to the Meditation towards the end of this page.
Kildare Cathedral likely built in 1223 upon the foundation of the original monastery or nearby. photo from http://www.kildare.ie
Kildare Cathedral and Monastery: Kildare was built beside an ancient holy tree which survived until the 10th century.1 But, according to some scholars, the reason it was called Kildare (Church of the Oak Tree) is because it was built of oak.2 Since the Druids and Celts had a great love for trees and often worshipped in oak groves, it would make sense that her church and monastery took the Celtic and Druidic customs and transformed them into Christian rituals and places.
Kildare Round Tower, lower part of tower likely from Brigid's era
Brigid's fame was taken across Western Europe by traveling Irish monks. She was even described by Oengus, the poet-chronicler, as "Brigid, excellent woman, golden flame." Brigid has often been called the Mary of the Gaels and a common salutation in the Irish language expresses the hope that Brigid and Mary be with you. Even today, the tradition still thrives that Brigid was a companion and trusted friend of the Holy Family and was privileged to be the midwife and nursemaid at the birth of Jesus.3
Her Early Life: There are numerous Brigid's in history and legend that often get tangled up with St. Brigid of Kildare, including many folktales that became interwoven with Druidic mythology as well as Christian traditions. There are at least six separate Lives of Brigid, the first perhaps composed by Aileran the Wise of Clonard (died 665) and the second by Cogitosus about 650.4
According to tradition, this Brigid was born in Faughart on February 1st near the border of south Louth and north of Armagh. Her father, Dubthach was a major landowner of royal blood, but not a king. Her mother Brocessa was a concubine and likely a slave. There are several stories of Brigid's birth. One of which sadly states that Dubthach sold her mother and kept the daughter. Another says that Dubthac sold Brocessa to a poet who then in turn sold her to a Druid.5 There is even another story that says that Dubthach's primary wife was jealous of Brocessa, so Dubthach banished her to Fochard-Muirthemhne in the Dundalk area even before Brigid was born. Some modern scholarship favors the territory of Fotharta Airbrech near Croghan Hill on the Offaly-Kildaire border as the birthplace of Brigid so this might corroborate this record of her birth.6 Some legends say that Brigid was a Ban-Druí, a Druid before she became a Christian when St. Patrick baptized her.7 It is also interesting that some believe from studies of early writings that St. Patrick endorsed women as head of churches. 8
Her Call and Ordination as a Nun and a Bishop: When Brigid gave away her father's sword to a leper he was so angry that he tried to sell Brigid to the king, but the king would not bargain for her because "her merit was higher before God than before men."9 Her father gave her freedom but still tried to marry her off, but she refused to be accept any proposal. Eventually Dubthach agreed to let his daughter go see the aged Bishop Mel in Ardagh who had been a disciple and possibly a nephew of St. Patrick.
In the Hymn to Brigid written at the beginning of the 7th c. by St. Broccan Cloen at the request of Ultan of Armagh, there is a reference that goes on to say "hence Brigid's successor is always entitled to have episcopal orders and the honor due a bishop." This hymn states that Mel accepted her along with seven other women who went to him to receive the order of penance and to be dedicated to the religious life. Bishop Mel ordained her as a nun and some say that he also by mistake read the wrong prayers which ordained her as a bishop. When he ordained her as a bishop, a brilliant flame ascended from her head.10 Afterwards, Mel was asked why he had read the incorrect prayers making her a bishop. He replied that the Holy Spirit had taken the matter out of his hands.11 (I so love how the Spirit works in ways we cannot dream or imagine!!!) Others say that Bishop Ibor ordained her as a bishop.12
Orthodox Icon of St. Brigid written by Georgi Chimevi. Notice her bishop's crozier, rush cross, and flame. artbychimevi.com
Brigid had a reputation for generosity and Kildare became known as "the city of the poor." There is a table blessing attributed to Brigid which reflects her compassion and inclusivity that everyone is welcome at the table. "I should welcome the poor to my feast, for they are God's children. I should welcome the sick to my feast, for they are God's joy. Let the poor sit with Jesus at the highest place, the sick dance with the angels." 13 She was also known as a friend of animals because of her love and protection of God's creation.
St. Brigid of Kildaire by Betsy Hayes, Celtic saint art artist.
Life of Brigid by Cogitosus: Around 650AD, about 100 years after her death, Cogitosus, a monk at Kildare wrote a Life of Brigid. He told about the large double monastery in which men and women lived and worked as equals with Brigid as the Abbess. Cogitosus claimed that Kildare in the 7th c. was "head of almost all the Irish churches with supremacy over all the monasteries of the Irish and a paruchia which extended over the entire island of Ireland."14
Cogitosus also described Brigid as on the move, a traveller, preaching the gospel and caring for those whom she met. He recorded the story of how Brigid travelled in a chariot and her driver was a priest who would baptize the converts as they travelled from place to place. Cogitosus said that she was kind and compassionate, a saint of the people.
He also wrote in great detail about a wooden church that contained the relics of Brigid and Conleth, who was a hermit and metal worker whom Brigid invited to Kildare to make church vessels and to be pastor of the local people surrounding the monastery. Brigid also founded a school of art, that included metal work and illumination, over which Conleth presided. Carol Neuman De Vegvar in The Cross Goes North discusses Cogitosus' fascinating record of Brigid's church at Kildare. We can only imagine the magnificent Irish/Celtic artwork that came from Kildare.
Gerald of Wales recording his great adventure through Ireland and Wales. photo from goodreads.com
Gerald of Wales Writes about Brigid: The Kildare Monastery's scriptorium produced the illuminated Book of Kildare, which elicited high praise from Gerald of Wales when he travelled to Ireland in the 12th c., but which has disappeared since the Reformation. According to Gerald, nothing that he had ever seen was at all comparable to the book, every page of which was gorgeously illuminated, and he concludes by saying that the interlaced work and the harmony of the colors left the impression that "all this is the work of angelic, and not human skill."15
Tending the Flame and the Brigidine Sisters: The name Brigid comes from a Celtic goddess of fire and light and Brigid of Kildare likely carried some of these attributes. When Gerald of Wales visited her monastery he saw a fire which 19 of her nuns carefully tended for 19 days and on the 20th day, it is said she would return to tend the flame. It never died out.
The communal hearth was a central feature of ancient rural communities and was held to be holy and sacred. Brigid's fire was extinguished during the Norman invasion of 1220, but was rekindled and kept lit until her monastery was destroyed during the 16th c. Reformation when Kildare was taken over by the English crown. In 1992, Sister Mary Minehan and Sister Phil O'Shea of the Brigidine Sisters that was founded in 1807 came to Kildare which led to the relighting of Brigid's flame in 1993 in the Market Square, Kildare, by Sister Mary Teresa Cullen, then congregational leader of the Brigidine Sisters.16
Brigid's Perpetual Flame in Kildare. photo from http://www.kildare.ie
Kildare County Council commissioned a sculpture to house the flame in Kildare Town Square in 2005. The President of Ireland at that time, Mary McAleese, presided at the lighting of the Perpetual Flame in the Town Square on St. Brigid's Day 2006.17 The flame was lit from the flame tended by the Brigidine Sisters in Solas Bhríde, a Christian community centre for Celtic spirituality. The Brigid Light is still guarded and tended in Solas Bhríde as it was in Kildare many centuries ago by the Sisters of St Brigid. The flame burns as a beacon of hope, justice and peace for Ireland and our world.
Solas Bhríde believes that Brigid is still relevant for today. They teach that her life continues to inspire those who desire full equality of men and women in the church and society and who desire to work for the protection of the earth and bring peace, justice, and reconciliation. 18
Brigid's Rush Cross (Cosog Brigde):
St. Brigid's Rush Cross
One of the stories of her life surrounds her cross made of rushes. She was called to the deathbed of a dying pagan chieftain of Ireland whom some think may have been her father. As she sat beside him, she picked up some rushes from the the floor and wove them into a cross and explained the story of the crucifixion of Christ to him.19 The cross is believed to protect houses from burning down.
Place of Resurrection and Relics: St.Brigid died about 523/5 on February 1 after receiving Holy Communion from St. Ninnidh of Inismacsaint, one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland who had his monastery on a small island about a half mile off the western shore of Lower Lough Erne adjacent to Derrygonnelly.20
In the National Museum in Dublin, there is a shrine of silver and brass set with jewels containing a relic of Brigid's shoe. Her mantle is in a Bruges cathedral that is said to have been brought there by King Harold of England's sister after the Norman invasion. It is a small square of red wool cloth with curly tufts, such shag-rug mantles were woven from Bronze Age times until the 16th c.21
Brigid was interred at the right of the high altar of Kildare Cathedral, and a magnificent tomb was erected over her mentioned earlier. Cogitosus in his Life of Brigid admired the ornate tombs of Brigid and Conleth on either side of the altar that were covered with gems and precious metals. Crowns of gold and silver hung above them, and carved statues and paintings adorned the church. Over the years her shrine became an object of veneration for pilgrims, especially on her feast day, February 1.
About the year 878, owing to the Viking raids, Brigid's relics were taken to Downpatrick, where they were interred in the tomb of the other Irish patron saints Patrick and Columba, the founder of Iona.
Place where the saints Patrick, Brigid, and Columba are believed to be buried. Downpatrick, Ireland. photo from Wikimedia.
The relics of the three saints were discovered in 1185 and on June 9 of the following year were reinterred in Down Cathedral.
Throughout Ireland there are Brigid's wells where pilgrims come to pray, reflect, and seek healing.
Brigid Pilgrimages in Kildare: There are 5 important pilgrimages associated with St. Brigid and Kildare: Going to her wells, to St. Brigid's Cathedral, to the Fire Temple, to the Peace Pole, and to the Labyrinth.22
St. Brigid's Well, Kildare.There are at least 15 Brigid Wells in Ireland. These wells were used to baptize the "pagan"s who became followers of Christ. photo from-ireland.net
Feast Day February 1
May the Perpetual Light of St. Brigid illuminate the way to the Crèche for us.
St. Brigid's Blessing from the Brigidine Sisters
May Brigid bless the house wherein you dwell
Bless every fireside every wall and door
Bless every heart that beats beneath its roof
Bless every hand that toils to bring it joy
Bless every foot that walks its portals through
May Brigid bless the house that shelters you.23
1 Christina Harrington. Women in a Celtic Church, p. 66.
3 Mary Earle and Sylvia Maddox. Holy Companions, p. 21.
4 Michelle Brown. How Christianity Came to Britain and Ireland, p. 92.
5 Edward Sellner. Wisdom of the Celtic Saints, p. 78.
6 John J. Ó'Ríordáin. Early Irish Saints, p. 22.
7 Brown, p. 92.
8 Harrington, p. 57.
9 Sellner, p. 79.
10 Bridget Mary Meehan and Regina Madonna Oliver. Praying with Celtic Holy Women, p. 22.
11 Ó'Ríordáin, p. 22.
12 Brown, p. 93.
13 Meehan, p. 34.
14 Connolly p. 5
15 Eoghan Corry. Whatever Happened to the Book of Kildare?
17 http://solasbhride.ie/the-perpetual-flame/
18 Andrew Jones. Early Pilgrim's Guide to Celtic Britain and Ireland, p. 159.
21 Lisa Bitel. Landscape with Two Saints, p. 198.
22 Jones, p. 160.
© Brenda G. Warren and http://www.saintsbridge.org, 2018-2029. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site's author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Brenda G. Warren and http://www.saintsbridge.org (Celts to the Creche) with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.
Some Resources:
Ana St.Paul. Saint of the Day. St. Brigid of Ireland. February 1, 2019.
Baring-Gould, S. and John Fisher. The Lives of the British Saints; The Saints of Wales, Cornwall, and Such Irish Saints as Have Dedications in Britain, Part One. Kessinger Reprints.
Bethu Brigte.
Big Green Art. How to Make a Brigid's Cross from Rushes. Youtube. 2016.
Bitel. Lisa M. Landscape with Two Saints: How Genovefa of Paris and Brigit of Kildare Built Christianity in Barbarian Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
_________. Isle of the Saints: Monastic Settlement and Christian Community in Early Ireland. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.
"Brigid: The Second Patron Saint of Ireland." The Wild Geese. January 30, 2015.
Brown, Michelle P. How Christianity Came to Britain and Ireland. Oxford, UK: Lion Hudson, 2006.
Catholic Online. St. Brigid of Ireland. youtube. video. March 3, 2021.
Cogitosus. Life of Brigit. Sean andJ.-M. Picard. "Cogitosus's 'Life of St Brigit' Content and Value." The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland 117 (1987): 5–27. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25508920.Connolly, Sean. "Cogitosus' Life of Brigit Content and Value." JRSAI, vol. 117, 1987.
Corry, Eogan.Whatever Happened to the Book of Kildare? Kildare Voice, September 27, 2007.
D'Arcy, Mary Ryan. The Saints of Ireland. St. Paul, MN: The Irish American Cultural Institute, 1974.
Davies, Oliver, ed. "The Life of St. Brigit the Virgin by Cogitosus," in Celtic Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1999.
De Blacam, Hugh. "Saint Brigid: The Mary Of The Gael", The Saints of Ireland: The Life-Stories of SS. Brigid and Columcille, The Bruce Publishing Company, Milwaukee
De Vegvar, Carol Neuman. "Romanitas and Realpolitik in Cogitosus' Description of the Church of St. Brigit, Kildare" in Carver, Martin, ed. The Cross Goes North. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell, 2003.
Earle, Mary C. and Sylvia Maddox. Holy Companions: Spiritual Practices from the Celtic Saints. Harrisburg, PA: Morehouse Publishing, 2004.
Ellis, Peter B. Celtic Women: Women in Celtic Society and Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1996.
EWTN. Honoring St. Brigid. Youtube. February 1, 2013.
Harrington, Christina. Women in a Celtic Church: Ireland 450-1150. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
The Historical Works of Gerald of Wales. from Archive. com.
Jones, Andrew. Every Pilgrim's Guide to Celtic Britain and Ireland. Ligouri, Missouri: Ligouri Publications, 2002.
Jones, Kathleen. Who are the Celtic Saints? Norwich, UK: Canterbury Press, 2002.
Kildare Town Tourist Office & Heritage Centre.
McIntosh, Kenneth. Water from an Ancient Well:Celtic Spirituality for Modern Life. Vestal, NY: AnamCara Books, 2011.
Matthews, John. "All the Bright Blessings: Brighid of Kildare" in Drinking from the Sacred Well: Personal Voyages of Discovery with the Celtic Saints. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1998.
Megalithic Ireland. com. Kildare Round Tower. (image)
Meehan, Bridget Mary and Regina Madonna Oliver. "Saint Bridget of Kildare" in Praying with Celtic Holy Women. Hampshire, UK: Redemptorist Publications, 2003.
Minehan, Rita. Rekindling the Flame: a pilgrimage in the footsteps of Brigid. Solas Bridhe.
Mitton, Michael. The Soul of Celtic Spirituality in the Lives of Its Saints. Mystic, CT: Twenty Third Publications, 1996.
Newell, John Philip. "Sacred Feminine, Brigid of Kildare" in Sacred Earth, Sacred Soul: Celtic Wisdom for Reawakening To What Our Souls Know and Healing the World. New York: Harper One, 2021.
Ní Mheara (O'Mara), Róisín. In Search of Irish Saints. Dublin: Four Courts Press, 1994.
O'Hannon, John. Life of St. Brigid, Virgin. Dublin: Joseph Dollard, 1887.
Ó'Ríordáin, John J. Early Irish Saints. Dublin: The Columba Press, 2004.
Pennick, Nigel. The Celtic Saints. New York: Sterling Publishing Co., 1997.
Rees, Elizabeth. An Essential Guide to Celtic Sites and Their Saints. London: Burns & Oates, 2003.
Richter, Michael. Medieval Ireland: The Enduring Tradition, rev. ed. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2005.
Sawyers, June Skinner. Praying with Celtic Saints, Prophets, Martyrs, and Poets. Franklin, WI: Sheed & Ward, 2001.
Sellner, Edward C. Wisdom of the Celtic Saints, rev. and expanded. St. Paul, MN: Bog Walk Press, 2006.
Solas Bhríde Centre and Pilgrimages
Wallace, Martin. Celtic Saints. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books, 1995.
Warren, Brenda Griffin. St. Brigit of Kildare as a Bishop? February 17, 2017. Godspacelight.
Woods, Richard J. The Spirituality of the Celtic Saints. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2000.
Rev. Warren is an ordained Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) retired minister. I am married to a wonderful guy with two grown awesome sons; an equally awesome daughter-in-love; an adorable grandson; and two very large, much-adored, dog-like Maine Coon cats. I love reading, writing, travel, mountains, and beachcombing. As a former public and theological Library Director, I love doing research that has helped me in composing this Advent devotional, "Celts to the Creche" at www.saintsbridge.org. My research has been enriched by libraries, way too many books and journals purchased, and numerous pilgrimages to the places where these saints lived and worked and had their being. I cannot even begin to express what a great gift it has been to meet like-minded friends along the path who have generously and kindly shared their scholarship, knowledge, and enthusiasm for the Celtic and Anglo-Saxon saints. I often wonder if the saints have in some way been instrumental in introducing me to their friends on both sides of the thin veil.
View all posts by Brenda →
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged 40 day Celtic Advent devotional, Bishop Mel of Ardagh, Brigid's cross, Celtic Abbesses, Celtic Saints, Celts to the Creche, Cogitosus, Gerald of Wales, Irish Saints, Kildare, Kildare Round Tower, Online Advent Devotional, Rush Cross, St. Bride, St. Bridget, St. Brigid, St. Brigid of Kildare, St. Brigid's Well, St. Brigit. Bookmark the permalink.


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Human-centric lighting reduces drug reliance at Danish psychiatric hospital
Source: http://www.ledsmagazine.com/articles/2017/03/human-centric-lighting-reduces-drug-reliance-at-danish-psychiatric-hospital.html?cmpid=enl_leds_ledsmagazine_2017-03-15
Professional staff at a Danish psychiatric hospital have administered fewer drugs and noticed a marked reduction in patient outbursts and disturbances following the installation of a human-centric lighting (HCL) system that tunes brightness and color temperatures to a pattern conducive with daytime stimulation and nighttime rest.
Doctors, nurses, psychologists, therapists, and others surveyed at the Aabenraa Psychiatric Hospital also said that the HCL system has fostered a calmer, cozier atmosphere that has improved sleep both for patients and for staff.
Aabenraa installed the Ergonomic Circadian Lighting system, from Aarhus, Denmark-based Chromaviso, in September 2015, coinciding with the opening of Aabenraa's new 118,000-ft2, 116-bedroom facility. The Aabenraa deployment is part of an initiative by the Region of Southern Denmark — one of the country's five administrative regions — to use human-centric lighting at psychiatric facilities.
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Das Landgericht Limburg a. d. Lahn ist ein Gericht der ordentlichen Gerichtsbarkeit im hessischen Limburg an der Lahn und eines von neun Landgerichten Hessens. Derzeitiger Präsident ist Manfred Beck.

Gerichtssitz und Gerichtsbezirk

Seinen Sitz hat das Landgericht in der Schiede 14 in Limburg. Am Landgericht sind fünf Zivilkammern, zwei Kammern für Handelssachen, fünf Strafkammern, eine Strafvollstreckungskammer, zwei kleine Jugendkammern, zwei kleine Wirtschaftskammern und eine kleine Strafkammer eingerichtet. Der Gerichtsbezirk umfasst den Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg und den Lahn-Dill-Kreis. Dem Landgericht Limburg übergeordnet ist das Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main, untergeordnet sind die Amtsgerichte Limburg, Dillenburg, Weilburg und Wetzlar.

Die Staatsanwaltschaft Limburg ist in einen eigenen Neubau ausgelagert. An das Landgerichtsgebäude schließt sich die Justizvollzugsanstalt Limburg an.

Geschichte
Im 1806 gegründeten Herzogtum Nassau war Limburg Sitz eines Amtes, das gleichzeitig unterste Verwaltungs- und Justizbehörde war. Nach der Annexion Nassaus durch Preußen 1866 wurden Verwaltung und Justiz institutionell getrennt. 1867 nahmen in Limburg ein Kreisgericht mit acht und ein Amtsgericht mit zwei Richtern die Arbeit auf. Das Kreisgericht hatte seinen Sitz in einer ehemaligen Zuckerfabrik am Limburger Neumarkt.

Nach der Gründung des Deutschen Reiches 1871 sollte die Justiz im gesamten Reichsgebiet vereinheitlicht werden. 1876 sollte das Limburger Kreisgericht aufgehoben und seine Aufgaben vom neu zu gründenden Landgericht in Wetzlar übernommen werden. Nach heftigen Protesten in der Region beschloss das preußische Abgeordnetenhaus am 14. Dezember 1877, ein Landgericht in Limburg statt in Wetzlar zu gründen. Am 1. Oktober 1879 trat das entsprechende Gesetz in Kraft. Neuer Sitz wurde das heutige Postgebäude an der Frankfurter Straße, das von Anfang an aber nur ein Provisorium sein sollte. 14 Amtsgerichte waren der Behörde untergeordnet:

Die Stadt Limburg errichtete schließlich das heutige Gerichtsgebäude an der Schiede, für das die Justizverwaltung fortan Miete zahlte, bis sie das Gebäude 1942 kaufte. Am 29. März 1882 nahm das Landgericht dort seine Arbeit auf. Vom 1. April bis zum 30. November 1921 war der spätere Reichskanzler Wilhelm Marx Präsident des Limburger Landgerichts.

Mit dem Preußischen Gesetz über die Neugliederung von Gerichtsbezirken im Bereich der Oberlandesgerichte Frankfurt a.M., Hamm und Köln vom 23. Juni 1933 wurde das Landgericht Neuwied aufgehoben. Die Amtsgerichte Hachenberg, Höhr-Grenzhausen, Montabaur, Selters und Wallmerod aus dem Sprengel dieses Gerichtes kamen in den Gerichtsbezirk des Landgerichts Limburg.

Im Juni 1945 gründete die amerikanische Militärregierung das Landgericht Limburg neu. Am 1. Oktober 1945 nahm es seine Arbeit wieder auf. Einen großen Teil seines Bezirks hatte es an die französische Besatzungszone und später an das Land Rheinland-Pfalz verloren. Zum Jahresanfang 1949 gab das Landgericht die Amtsgerichtsbezirke Gladenbach und Biedenkopf an das Landgericht Marburg ab. 1954 wurde das Gerichtsgebäude durch einen Anbau erweitert. Das untergeordnete Amtsgericht Bad Camberg wurde 1968 aufgelöst, das Amtsgericht Hadamar wird seit Anfang 2005 nur noch als Zweigstelle des Amtsgerichts Limburg betrieben. Die 1977 erwogene Auflösung des Landgerichts Limburg wegen zu geringer Bezirksgröße wurde nicht umgesetzt.

Richter

Präsidenten
 Wilhelm Schröder (1. Oktober 1879 bis 30. September 1885)
 Carl Koppen (Oktober 1885 bis September 1888)
 Otto Brand (April 1888 bis September 1888)
 Julius Cramer (Dezember 1888 bis 31. August 1893)
 Ludwig Hagemann (1. Januar 1894 bis 1. Januar 1907)
 Georg de Niem (1. März 1907 bis 31. März 1921)
 Wilhelm Marx (28. Januar bis 30. November 1921)
 Ludwig Claren (1. Dezember 1921 bis 1. Oktober 1934)
 Ludwig Scriba (1. März 1935 bis 31. Januar 1936)
 Reinhold Luther (1. Juli 1936 bis 9. Mai 1945)
 Karl Lehr (1. Oktober 1946 bis 1. November 1955)
 Herbert Klein (1. April 1956 bis 31. Juli 1964)
 Rudolf Mädrich (1. August 1964 bis 7. Juli 1982)
 Georg Schmidt von Rhein (2. Februar 1983 bis mind. 1988)
 Brigitte Tilmann (Oktober 1995 bis Juni 1998)
 Werner Steinhardt (kommissarisch, Juni bis Dezember 1999)
 Winfried Rothweiler (Januar 1999 bis 31. August 2006)
 Ralph Gatzka (2006 bis Juli 2014)
 Christoph Ullrich (Oktober 2014 bis September 2015)
 Manfred Beck (seit April 2016)

Andere Richter
 Wilm von Stein-Liebenstein (1908 bis 1914)

Sonstiges
Das Landgericht Limburg nimmt in Hessen eine Schlüsselrolle im Projekt des elektronischen Rechtsverkehrs ein. Hier wurde die Kommunikationssoftware für das Versenden von signierten und besonders gesicherten Nachrichten entwickelt. Die bisher gesammelten Erfahrungen im Schriftverkehr mit der Anwaltschaft sollen 2016 in die Weiterentwicklung einfließen, die in Kooperation mit weiteren Bundesländern begonnen wurde.

Siehe auch
 Liste deutscher Gerichte
 Liste der Gerichte des Landes Hessen

Literatur
 Georg Schmidt von Rhein: Zur Geschichte der Gerichtsorganisation im Landgerichtsbezirk Limburg; Nassauische Annalen, Bd. 99, 1988, S. 75–87

Weblinks
 Internetpräsenz des Landgerichtes Limburg a. d. Lahn
 Übersicht der Rechtsprechung des Landgerichts Limburg

Einzelnachweise

Limburg a d Lahn
Organisation (Limburg an der Lahn)
Bauwerk in Limburg an der Lahn

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Click for others participating in Sky Watch this week.
Haiku Friday #85 is at Small Reflections.
For others participating in Haiku Friday this week go to A Mommy Story. To see my previous Haikus, click on the Haiku Friday label below this post or in the sidebar.
It's well worth your time!
Happy Halloween! You Have Been Booed!.
Beautiful sky shots. I love that type of cloud formation.
I hope you get your rain. In the meantime, the clouds give you some interesting skies!
I sure do like these pictures! The perspective on the tree in the first one looks like a giant with a headdress on invoking the weather! Great stuff, friend. Thanks for sharing your world with us.
Interesting series of cloud formations! And the pale grey light in the clouds is very mysterious!
Nice clouds, I do hope they bring you lots and lots of rain.
Amazing how different clouds can be! Great capture.
Interesting photos of your sky; enjoyed the Haiku. Very clever!


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Draft of a New Slovak Gambling Act
Slovakia, UK 06.08.2018
The Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic (the "Ministry") has submitted a draft Gambling Act (the "Draft Act"), with a proposed effective date of 1 March 2019, to the interdepartmental comments procedure.
The main aim of the Draft Act is the comprehensive regulation of gambling, which would take into account technological advancements and the experience of regulators in other European countries.
The Draft Act significantly enhances the authority of municipalities in deciding on the gambling establishment locations in their territories. Municipalities will also have the option to prohibit certain types of gambling games during specifically designated days up to a maximum of twelve days per year.
The Draft Act places further emphasis on strengthening player protection. Such protective measures against the adverse effects of gambling operations include restricting the operation of certain types of games to gambling houses only, prohibiting the players registered in the Register of Excluded Persons from playing selected gambling games, and restrictions on gaming advertising.
The liberalization of access to the online gambling market belongs to one of the most fundamental changes that would be brought about by the Draft Act. The Draft Act proposes that companies established in the EU and EEA will also be able to obtain an individual license for online gambling games (and also for other gambling games). New definitions of individual types of gambling games and a new structure and hierarchy of licenses are closely linked to the changes in the online gambling market. Web site blocking of unlicensed gambling operators will continue.
In order to make the supervision more effective, a new regulatory authority for gambling games (funded by payments from gambling operators) will be established: the Regulatory and Gambling Supervision Office (the "Office"). All activities connected with gambling games, save for drafting related legislation, shall fall under the authority of the Office. In addition, the Ministry has proposed that all technical devices used for the operation of gambling games should be connected to the operator's server to which the Office would have access. This would allow the Office to exercise more effective control of the operators.
The measures, adopted in the last amendment to the current Gambling Act (effective January 2017), that tightened up the regulation of gambling games remain in force. There are no changes to the restrictions on siting of gambling houses or to the prohibition on minors entering gambling houses.
As the Draft Act has not yet been presented to the Parliament, its wording is not final and may be subject to change.
Co-authored by Dominika Mislovicova.
Martina Novysedlakova
Associate, Bratislava +421 2221 115 03 Martina.Novysedlakova@cms-cmno.com
ASA rules in favour of Betfair and Sky Bet
On 10 July 2019, the Advertising Standards Authority ("ASA") published rulings in favour of PPB Counterparty Services Ltd t/a Betfair ("Betfair") and Bonne Terre Ltd t/a Sky Bet ("Sky Bet"), finding that neither operator had breached the CAP Code and...
Rights in sports data
The judgment of Zacaroli J handed down in The Racing Partnership Ltd & Ors v Done Brothers (Cash Betting) Ltd & Ors [2019] EWHC 1156 is of significant interest and general importance principally for two reasons. First, because it found that information...
ASA rules against William Hill, Betfair, LottoGo and MT SecureTrade
On 19 June 2019, the Advertising Standards Authority ("ASA") published rulings against WHG (International) Ltd t/a William Hill ("William Hill"), PPB Entertainment Ltd t/a Betfair ("Betfair"), Annexio Ltd t/a LottoGo ("LottoGo") and MT SecureTrade Ltd...
Updated Guide to Advertising Gambling in Great Britain
The advertising of gambling products is tightly regulated in Great Britain. Advertisers will need to be aware of the diverse restrictions that apply to them, including those that govern when, where and how they can advertise their products. To view our...
Emerging Europe M&A Report 2017/18
CMS is pleased to launch its latest Emerging Europe M&A Report for 2017/18, published in cooperation with EMIS. Our latest report analyses trends in 15 emerging CEE/SEE countries based on EMIS M&A data for 2012-2017, and dives deeper into the hot topics...
Transmit Spring/Summer 2016
The recent months have been so full of incident and change in the world of Technology, Media and Communications that we have needed to be very selective in what has been included in this issue of Transmit. The Digital Single Market program has progressed...


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Families and households
Select a geographical area
Changing any selection will automatically update the page content.
Canada Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Quebec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British Columbia Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut
Selected geographical area: Canada
Homeownership – rate - Canada
(2016 Census of Population)
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Canada
More families and households indicators
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Canada
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Canada
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Canada
Percent of Canadian households that treated their water before using it - Canada
Selected geographical area: Newfoundland and Labrador
Homeownership – rate - Newfoundland and Labrador
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Newfoundland and Labrador
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Newfoundland and Labrador
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Newfoundland and Labrador
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Newfoundland and Labrador
Selected geographical area: Prince Edward Island
Homeownership – rate - Prince Edward Island
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Prince Edward Island
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Prince Edward Island
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Prince Edward Island
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Prince Edward Island
Selected geographical area: Nova Scotia
Homeownership – rate - Nova Scotia
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Nova Scotia
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Nova Scotia
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Nova Scotia
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Nova Scotia
Selected geographical area: New Brunswick
Homeownership – rate - New Brunswick
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - New Brunswick
Proportion (%) of one-person households - New Brunswick
Proportion (%) of couples with children - New Brunswick
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - New Brunswick
Selected geographical area: Quebec
Homeownership – rate - Quebec
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Quebec
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Quebec
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Quebec
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Quebec
Selected geographical area: Ontario
Homeownership – rate - Ontario
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Ontario
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Ontario
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Ontario
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Ontario
Selected geographical area: Manitoba
Homeownership – rate - Manitoba
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Manitoba
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Manitoba
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Manitoba
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Manitoba
Selected geographical area: Saskatchewan
Homeownership – rate - Saskatchewan
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Saskatchewan
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Saskatchewan
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Saskatchewan
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Saskatchewan
Selected geographical area: Alberta
Homeownership – rate - Alberta
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Alberta
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Alberta
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Alberta
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Alberta
Selected geographical area: British Columbia
Homeownership – rate - British Columbia
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - British Columbia
Proportion (%) of one-person households - British Columbia
Proportion (%) of couples with children - British Columbia
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - British Columbia
Selected geographical area: Yukon
Homeownership – rate - Yukon
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Yukon
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Yukon
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Yukon
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Yukon
Selected geographical area: Northwest Territories
Homeownership – rate - Northwest Territories
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Northwest Territories
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Northwest Territories
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Northwest Territories
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Northwest Territories
Selected geographical area: Nunavut
Homeownership – rate - Nunavut
Households spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs – rate (shelter-cost-to-income-ratio) - Nunavut
Proportion (%) of one-person households - Nunavut
Proportion (%) of couples with children - Nunavut
Proportion (%) of common-law couples - Nunavut
Limit subject index to Divorce and separation
Limit subject index to Families
Limit subject index to Households
Limit subject index to Individuals
Limit subject index to Marriage and common-law unions
Limit subject index to Other content related to Families and households
All (1,192) (30 to 40 of 1,192 results)
31. Household actual final consumption
Stats in brief: 11-001-X201907919154
Description: Release published in The Daily – Statistics Canada's official release bulletin
32. Family Matters: Long-lasting relationships
Stats in brief: 11-627-M2019019
The purpose of the 2017 General Social Survey on Family is to explore the characteristics of Canadian families and monitor changes in these characteristics over time. Using information on the conjugal and parental history of respondents, this infographic examines the proportion and the characteristics of people in Canada aged 55 and older whose current relationship (marriage or common-law) was long-lasting, that is, had been ongoing for 30 years or more.
33. Living alone in Canada
This study uses the Census of Population and the 2017 General Social Survey on Family to examine the characteristics of the population living alone in Canada. The demographic, socioeconomic and housing characteristics of persons who live alone are examined, as well as their conjugal history, family relationships, and well-being indicators.
34. Study: Living alone in Canada
35. Family Matters: Who lives alone?
This infographic presents results from the 1981 and 2016 Censuses of Population and the 2017 General Social Survey on Family. The infographic depicts changes over time and provides selected characteristics of persons in Canada who lived alone in the reference years, including demographic statistics such as marital status, age and sex as well as statistics on future intentions to marry.
36. Family Matters: Couples who live apart
This infographic presents results from the 2017 General Social Survey on families; more specifically people aged 25 -64 years old and who reported being in a couple relationship with someone not living in their household.
37. Family Day 2019 and the Diversity of Families in Canada
Stats in brief: 89-28-0001201800100011
Everyone in Canada is, or has been, part of a family. The purpose of this Just the Facts edition is to celebrate families in Canada on Family Day 2019 (a statutory holiday in some provinces) by acknowledging their diversity and how they have changed over time. Data from the Census of Population and the General Social Survey together provide a snapshot of families today in the historical album of family life in Canada.
38. Lone-parent Families in Private Households by Sex (3), Work Activity of Parent (3) and Family Income Groups (21) in Constant (1995) Dollars, for Canada, Provinces and Territories, 1990 and 1995 (20% Sample Data) Archived
Table: 94F0009X1996090
Series Description - The Dimensions Series (1996 Census of Population) provides an in-depth analysis of census data. More than 150 tables represent a variety of special interest subjects linking a number of Census variables. Statistical information is presented on themes of considerable public interest with some tables examining historical trends and other tables detailing significant sub-populations. Data for geographical levels of Canada, Provinces and Territories are most widely represented with some data tables produced at the Census Metropolitan Area level. The Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada and the Portrait of Aboriginal Population of Canada contain some information at the community level.
The data tables are grouped by common theme and are available on 7 different CD-ROMs:
94F0004XCB96000 - Ethnocultural and Social Characteristics of the Canadian Population94F0005XCB96000 - Canadian Income and Earnings for 1990 and 199594F0006XCB96000 - Labour Force and Unpaid Work of Canadians94F0007XCB96000 - Place of Work of the Canadian Population94F0008XCB96000 - Canadian Demographic Characteristics (including language and mobility)94F0010XCB96000 - Portrait of Official Language Communities in Canada94F0011XCB96000 - Portrait of Aboriginal Population in Canada
A detailed list of tables is included on each CD-ROM. Some tables show comparisons with data from earlier censuses to provide an historical perspective. It should be noted that the Dimension Series was not produced for the 1991 Census.
39. Family Matters: Adults living with their parents
40. Family Matters: Under the same roof, living with my parents!
This infographic presents results from the 2017 General Social Survey on families; more specifically the co-residence of adult children with their parents. The population of interest is of Canadians 18 years of age and over living with both parents, their mother only or their father only.
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Data (935) (60 to 70 of 935 results)
61. Low-income Cut-offs (2), Family Low-income Status (5), Economic Family Structure (9), Family Size of Economic Family (5), Ages of Economic Family Members (18), Number of Earners in the Economic Family (6) and Year (2) for Economic Families in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data and 2016 Census - 100% Data
Table: 98-400-X2016135
Geography: Province or territory, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part
This table presents low-income cut-offs, family low-income status, economic family structure, family size of economic family, ages of economic family members, number of earners in the economic family and year for economic families in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.
62. Low-income Cut-offs (2), Family Low-income Status (5) and Economic Family Structure (4) for Economic Families in Private Households of Census Metropolitan Areas, Tracted Census Agglomerations and Census Tracts, 2016 Census - 100% Data
Geography: Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census tract
This table presents low-income cut-offs, family low-income status and economic family structure for economic families in private households of census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.
63. Individual statistics by tax filing method for all returns filed, demographic characteristics, 2014 tax year, Canada Revenue Agency
Table: 11-10-0052-01
(formerly: CANSIM 207-0002)
This table contains 7532 series, with data for years 2014 - 2014 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (161 items: St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; Bay Roberts, Newfoundland and Labrador; Grand Falls-Windsor, Newfoundland and Labrador; Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador; ...); Filing method (3 items: Paper; Netfile; Efile); Marital status (3 items: Married or living common-law; Single, divorced, separated or widowed; Unstated); Child status (2 items: No children declared; With children declared); Age group (4 items: 18 and under; 19 to 25 years; 26 to 64 years; 65 and over).
64. Focus on Geography Series
Data Visualization: 98-404-X
Focusing on a selected geographic area, this product presents data highlights for each of the major releases of the 2016 Census. These data highlights are presented through text, tables and figures. A map image of the geographic area is also included in the product. The geographic levels presented in this product include Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, census agglomerations, census divisions and census subdivisions.
Data highlights are presented according to the major 2016 Census release dates: February 8, 2017 – Population and dwelling counts; May 3, 2017 – Age and sex, Type of dwelling; August 2, 2017 – Families, households and marital status, Language; September 13, 2017 – Income; October 25, 2017 – Immigration and ethnocultural diversity, Housing, Aboriginal peoples; November 29, 2017 – Education, Labour, Journey to work, Language of work, Mobility and migration.
65. Census Profile, 2016
Profile of a community or region: 98-316-X2016001
Geography: Canada, Province or territory, Census division, Federal electoral district, Census subdivision, Designated place, Health region, Local health integration network, Forward sortation area, Economic region, Census metropolitan area, Census agglomeration, Census metropolitan area part, Census agglomeration part, Census tract, Population centre, Dissemination area, Aggregate Dissemination Area
This profile presents information from the 2016 Census of Population for various levels of geography, including provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas, communities and census tracts. Data are from the 2016 Census of Population and are available according to their release. February 8, 2017 – Population and dwelling counts; May 3, 2017 – Age and sex, Type of dwelling; August 2, 2017 – Families, households and marital status, Language; September 13, 2017 – Income; October 25, 2017 – Immigration and ethnocultural diversity, Housing, Aboriginal peoples; November 29, 2017 – Education, Labour, Journey to work, Language of work, Mobility and migration.
66. Individual MBM Low-income Status (6) and Economic Family Characteristics of Persons (25) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
This table presents individual Market Basket Measure (MBM) low-income status and economic family characteristics of persons for the population in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.
67. Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (9), Family Characteristics of Adults Including Presence and Ages of Children (12), Age (9) and Sex (3) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, 2006 Census - 20% Sample Data, 2011 National Household Survey - 30% Sample Data and 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
Geography: Province or territory
This table presents highest certificate, diploma or degree, family characteristics of adults including presence and ages of children, age and sex for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, 2006 Census – 20% sample data, 2011 National Household Survey – 30% sample data and 2016 Census – 25% sample data.
68. Mobility Status 1 Year Ago (9), Mother Tongue (8), Marital Status (9), Age (19) and Sex (3) for the Population Aged 1 Year and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
This table presents mobility status 1 year ago, mother tongue, marital status, age and sex for the population aged 1 year and over in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.
69. Mobility Status 5 Years Ago (9), Mother Tongue (8), Marital Status (9), Age(18) and Sex (3) for the Population Aged 5 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census - 25% Sample Data
This table presents mobility status 5 years ago, mother tongue, marital status, age and sex for the population aged 5 years and over in private households of Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations.
70. Census Profile - Age, Sex, Type of Dwelling, Families, Households, Marital Status, Language, Income, Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity, Housing, Aboriginal Peoples, Education, Labour, Journey to Work, Mobility and Migration, and Language of Work for Designated Places, 2016 Census
Starting with the Census of Population release on age and sex, and on subsequent release dates, profile-component data will be available at the Canada, province and territory, economic region, census division and census subdivision levels, at the census metropolitan area, census agglomeration, population centre and census tract levels, at the designated place level, at the federal electoral district (based on the 2013 Representation Order) level, and at the dissemination area and aggregate dissemination area levels.
Profile component data for all other standard geographic areas, including dissolved census subdivisions and forward sortation areas, will be available after the Census of Population release dates.
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Analysis (224) (40 to 50 of 224 results)
41. Canadians and Nature: Parks and green spaces, 2013 Archived
Stats in brief: 16-508-X2015002
This fact sheet looks at households with respect to parks and green spaces using data from the 2013 Households and the Environment Survey.
42. Lone-parent families: The new face of an old phenomenon Archived
In the early decades of the 20th century, lone-parent families were relatively prevalent. The proportion of children who lived with a lone parent was nearly as high in 1931 as it was in 1981, though the circumstances of these families were often very different. This edition of Canadian Megatrends takes a look at long-term trends in children's living arrangements in Canada.
43. Canadians' connections with family and friends Archived
Articles and reports: 89-652-X2014006
This report examines Canadians' social connections, using the 2013 General Social Survey on Social Identity. Three aspects are examined 1) size of social networks (number and type of social connections), 2) frequency and types of communication, and 3) characteristics of friends. The report ends with a short discussion of the possible impact of social connections on Canadians' overall quality of life.
44. Cases of child and spousal support by age group of the child beneficiaries Archived
This Juristat article profiles cases enrolled with a Maintenance Enforcement Program (MEP) and examines the characteristics of the cases with regard to the age group of the child beneficiaries. Using data from the Survey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs, it focuses on differences between child support cases involving younger children and those involving older children, the support amounts due and received and the proportion of cases sent out of province. The article also analyzes a cohort of enrolled cases involving children aged 17 and 18 over a five-year period.
45. Mixed unions in Canada Archived
These three short articles provide complementary analysis to the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) analytical document on immigration and ethnocultural diversity in Canada. They focus on specific topics of interest. The first NHS in Brief is entitled Generation status: Canadian-born children of immigrants, the second, Obtaining Canadian citizenship and the third, Mixed unions in Canada.
46. Study: Living arrangements of children in Canada 1901 to 2011 Archived
Stats in brief: 11-001-X20141199602
47. Living arrangements of children in Canada: A century of change Archived
Over the last century, Canada experienced many social, economic, legislative, and cultural changes. As a result, the family circumstances and living arrangements of Canadians have evolved substantially. What can the census reveal about the changing diversity of children's living arrangements over time?
48. Enduring Diversity: Living Arrangements of Children in Canada over 100 Years of the Census Archived
Articles and reports: 91F0015M2014011
This article examines the family structure and living arrangements of Canadian children using census data from 1901 to 2011. Specifically, four eras reflecting major shifts in family living arrangements are considered: the early 20th Century, the Baby Boom, the late 20th Century, and the current millennium to date.
49. Study: Emerging trends in living arrangements and conjugal unions for current and future seniors 1981 to 2011 Archived
50. Emerging trends in living arrangements and conjugal unions for current and future seniors Archived
This study uses data from the Census of Population and 2011 General Social Survey in order to examine the conjugal histories and living arrangements for current seniors, defined as individuals aged at least 65, and "future seniors", defined as individuals aged 55 to 64.
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Reference (25) (20 to 30 of 25 results)
21. Vital Statistics - Divorce Database
Surveys and statistical programs – Documentation: 3235
Description: This is an administrative survey that collects demographic information annually from the Central Registry of Divorce Proceedings (CRDP) at the Department of Justice Canada on all completed divorce proceedings in Canada.
22. Census of Population
Description: The census provides a detailed statistical portrait of Canada and its people by their demographic, social and economic characteristics. This information is important for communities and is vital for planning services such as child care, schooling, family services, and skills training for employment.
23. Longitudinal Administrative Databank
Description: The Longitudinal Administrative Databank (LAD) is a longitudinal file designed as a research tool on income and demographics.
24. General Social Survey - Family
Description: The two primary objectives of the General Social Survey (GSS) are: to gather data on social trends in order to monitor changes in the living conditions and well-being of Canadians over time; and to provide information on specific social policy issues of current or emerging interest.
25. Longitudinal and International Study of Adults
Description: The Longitudinal and International Study of Adults collects information from people across Canada about their jobs, education, health and family. The study is also interested in how changes in these areas have affected people's lives. This survey aims to help improve education, employment, training and social services in Canada.
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With the departure of our long-term Audi A5 40 TFSI, it's now time to welcome a new arrival at AutoMiddleEast.com towers. Ladies and gents, say hello to the 2017 Honda CR-V which will spend the best part of the next two months ferrying your correspondent for work and leisure.
This is the all-new version of Honda's popular compact SUV and on first acquaintance, it does look immensely more striking than the car it replaces. Even though closer inspection reveals little harmony in design, that's a story for another day.
Powered by a 2.4-litre four-pot the CR-V makes 184hp and 244Nm of torque, it's not the fastest SUV around, but in-town get-up-and-go is more than adequate. The steering is nice, it rides well and the cabin is seemingly brimming with gadgets (We'll get into that in greater detail as the weeks roll by, too).
Interior space is fine, but put a six-footer in the front and rear legroom vapourises. At AED120,000 in as tested Touring trim it's not the most affordable so it does face stiff competition from its other far-eastern rivals.
The first week has been fairly economical in terms of petrol costs, mostly because it arrived with a full tank and hasn't needed a refuel yet, despite plenty of driving — that bodes well.
To be honest, I am still ambivalent about the new CR-V, mostly because it's kind of a fly-under-the-radar car, despite somewhat overtly aggressive styling cues here and there. There are contradictions.
Would I buy it? Or, more importantly, recommend you buy one? That's a conclusion that is going to have to wait for now, I'm afraid.


text:
Healthy Energy From The Amazon
Waykana Blogs
Guayusa Leaves: What You Need to Know about Its Antioxidant and Caffeine Content
Guayusa tea is a naturally caffeinated herbal infusion. This organic energy tea comes from the leaves of the Guayusa tree, which is abundant in the Amazon Rainforest of Ecuador...
Organic Guayusa Tea: Uses, Benefits, and Side Effects
Guayusa is a prominent South American drink that has begun to gain popularity quite rapidly in the west. It's deep-rooted in Latin culture and is considered a cousin of another famous organic energy tea, the Yerba mate.
What Does Amazon Tea Mean to the Kichwa and the Rest of the World?
In the Kichwa community of Ecuador's Amazonian Regions, there is a morning ritual that spans over two thousand years. Every morning, before the sun comes out, the members of the Kichwa tribe would take a bundle of dried Guayusa leaves
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This one was chosen as our official art show invite. We will have them copied soon.
We also moved our chrysalis' to the larger habitat today. Now we wait patiently for them to transform. I couldn't help but think of Sara's book as we moved them. One wiggled in the chrysalis. I guess I thought they are still and comatose. But nope !


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MRH profits up ahead of Motor Fuel Group takeover
By Emily Bright2018-04-06T10:58:00+01:00
MRH's Norwich South forecourt
The UK's largest petrol station and convenience player MRH has reported soaring sales and profits, showing why Motor Fuel Group is prepared to stump up £1.2bn to buy the group.
Lone Star-owned MRH, which will complete its merger with Motor Fuel Group in the second quarter, has reported a double-digit rise in sales and profits for the year to 1 October 2017.
MRH GB's pre-tax profits soared by 28.8% last year to £73.4m as the forecourt operator acquired four subsidiary companies and worked to drive up fuel profit margins.
Overall sales jumped by 10.4% to £2.3bn for the financial year, after it spent £117.1m to boost its estate and add approximately £100m in revenues. EBITDA, excluding exceptional items, was up 9% to £97.1m. Operating profits rose by 1.8% to £71.6m.
"The UK economic climate continued to improve and the consumer-led recovery resulted in good financial results being delivered. Management continued to focus on fuel margin at the expense of fuel volume that produced higher margins," said CFO Steve Back.
"The convenience and food-to-go markets continue to grow, and the group is developing a number of innovative, newly rebranded retail fuel stations to benefit from this market."
He added the group continued to eye potential strategic acquisitions as it strived to grow its reach.
MRH has 491 sites across the country, operating under BP, Esso and Shell brands as well as its own Hursts format.
Since the end of its financial year, MRH has entered a wholesale agreement with Booker Retail Partners to supply the majority of its forecourts on 6 February.
It signed the £1.2bn deal to merge with Clayton, Dubilier & Rice-backed Motor Fuel Group on 26 February.
Forecourts
City snapshot: Woolworths' £1bn forecourt sale to BP scrapped
Australia grocer Woolworths has announced the proposed A$1.8bn (£1bn) sales of its forecourt business to UK-based energy giant BP has been scrapped due to competition concerns. Plus pay dips for B&M boss Simon Arora and all the rest of the latest news from the City.
How independent forecourts are battling the supermarkets
Five years ago the future looked bleak for independent forecourts, but today, the situation has changed and they are enjoying an incredible renaissance
CMA launches phase one inquiry into MFG's takeover of MRH
The CMA's decision on whether to wave the deal through or proceed to a more in-depth phase two inquiry is expected by 6 August.
Florette owner Agrial improves profitability despite sales dip
The company cut back on its losses thanks to 'improved cost control', accoring to its latest financial results
Fruit supplier J. O. Sims sees big sales boost after cereal supply contract win
But profits were dented by market volatility and the impact of Brexit on the pound, according to its latest financial results
City unconvinced by Tesco's Christmas numbers as Booker struggles
The UK's largest supermarket group announced like-for-like sales growth of 6.7% for the 13 weeks to 28 November 2020


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Q: WCF Data services FTP I want to expose a service operation of a WCF Data service over FTP
I was wondering how to best approach this
I was thinking of writing a batch file, which will invoke the WCF dataservice, write the data returned by the service to a FTP location and grant access to the Client to that particular FTP location
Do you think this is a better idea?

A: You cannot do this. A WCF Data Service is always a REST-based HTTP service - and it's very interactive - you cannot achieve this on an FTP server.
If you want to expose and make available data on an FTP server, I would use your server-side code to produce that data set (by e.g. querying the data source), then wrap this up in an Excel sheet or whatever format is appropriate, and transfer that file onto the FTP server on the server-side.

A: Seems like it might be possible to expose a WCF method as an FTP endpoint:

The address defines where the service is located; this could be a
  URL, an FTP address, or a network or local path. A binding defines the
  way that you communicate with the service. WCF bindings provide a
  versatile model for specifying a protocol such as HTTP or FTP, a
  security mechanism such as Windows Authentication or user names and
  passwords, and much more. A contract includes the operations that are
  exposed by the WCF service class.

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb907578.aspx
Some more info here http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/wcf/thread/5220693e-2366-44f7-b56d-35de73d18472#0c8160bc-d687-4e48-9ba9-000755284e43

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Q&A: Salt Intake, Weight-Loss Plateaus and How Much Protein Should You Eat?
How much salt is too much when on a low-carb diet? How do you handle weight loss plateaus? And how much protein should you eat?
How Much Salt Is Too Much on LCHF?
I have been ketogenic for 6+ months. With too little salt I don't feel well at all.
I understand that an LCHF/ketogenic diet means your body passes salt rather than holding on to it.
Every morning I have 2 g salt in 0.5 l (17 fl. oz) of water, I do the same in the evening. However, this weekend before a 6 hour-25 degree cycle I had 5 g salt in 1 l (34 fl. oz) water before I went, 3 l (101 fl. oz) water while out. I had another 5 g salt that afternoon/evening with 2-3 l (68–101 fl.oz.) water.
I had the best ride I have had for a over a year, so powerful and I did not experience and restless leg syndrome when i went to bed and i slept really well, which i don't normally do after a big effort.
My concern is 10-12 g of salt in a day sounds a lot. Are there any short or long term issues taking this much salt whilst ketogenic?
I suspect you lost a lot of salt sweating on that bike ride. I doubt this intake is a significant problem, as long as your blood pressure is normal.
Dear Dr. I hope you're doing fine ?
I just have a small concern. I have been on and LCHF for almost 6 months now, the first 5 months were amazing I've lost around 20 kg (44 lbs.) so a good average of 4 kg (9 lbs.) a month and I feel proud of it and thankful to you and to your website.
Now for the past one month I have lost 0 kg, I weigh 125 kg (275 lbs.) now.
1. Is this a normal plateau or my body got used to the diet?
2. My eating habits are the same. Do you think I should start controlling my portions maybe, and counting the proteins?
3. My friends are recommending that I should have a cheat day once a week which will make my body lose weight more, is this true? what do you think, please?
4. Could it be because I'm eating a bit of nuts?
And yes I'm doing intermittent fasting.
1. Could be temporary – that's very common. Remember you've lost a lot of weight in six months (congratulations). Often during big weight loss there are a few weeks without weight loss here and there, before it starts again.
2. Just eat when hungry, and if possible, not when not hungry. Try to avoid snacking between meals as it will slow weight loss.
3. No, cheat days will slow down weight loss. So certainly don't do it to lose weight. Only do it if you feel you need it for enjoyment and you're confident it will not get you off track. Certainly don't ever "cheat" if you're addicted to certain processed foods, that's a recipe for failure just like with any other addiction.
4. Nuts can slow down weight loss somewhat, yes. Especially when snacking between meals, when not hungry.
Feel free to check out our other tips for weight loss.
I would like your recommendations/experience regarding protein amount per meal?
Some keto sites and LCHF doctors recommend a minimum of 30 g protein at each meal – (Leucine and better muscle metabolism or something like that) I am following a clean LCHF lifestyle and I am losing weight. I am interested in the other benefits of LCHF like mental clarity etc.
I am only 15 weeks into this lifestyle, my memory and brain fog have as of yet not improved – my short term memory is a little worse and I wanted to ask you could this be because my blood ketones are not optimal yet – generally my readings are only around 0.4–0.5, only once it was 1.7 even though I'm strict.
So could 30 g protein in one sitting be too much for my case – which then translates to low blood ketones and therefore not optimal brain BHOB fueling. My daily protein macro is approx 67-80 g. Some sites suggest I should have 90 g/day?
My interest in ketones is around brain fuel and clarity. Female, 60, 5'3, 80 kg (176 lbs.), CFS/hypothyroidism Rx /hypertension Rx. Do my low blood-ketone readings indicate that I am not fat adapting fully?
Is 4 months in too soon to expect neuro improvement? If my blood ketones got above 2, would my brain fog improve?
Many days I am not hungry and therefore don't eat very much at all. I know you state eat only when hungry… I just want to make sure I am doing the best for my health as on these days I probably don't meet my protein macros.
Therefore, should I be eating the total protein macros even if I'm not hungry? Since starting this lifestyle I have no cravings and minimal to no hunger. My neurobiochemistry must be very content – for the first time in my life!
I don't think there's a one-size-fits-all amount of protein for every meal, neither do I think we need to obsess about getting a certain minimum amount every single day. Just eat when hungry.
However, if you absolutely want to count, 1 gram of protein per day per kilo of desired body weight should be a good spot to aim for (on average).
I'd suggest a cup of bouillon daily for a few days and see if the fluid/salt helps with mental clarity.
I don't understand the protein recommendation--I am converting to pounds. For a person 120 pounds = 54 kilos, so does that mean that person should eat 54 grams of protein?
54 grams = 2 ounces ???
I read on Authority Nutrition that between 0.36 to 0.6 grams per pound of body weight is a good estimate. So yes about 54 grams.
When I say "grams of protein" – I mean grams of the macronutrient protein, not grams of a protein containing food like meat or eggs.
An 8 ounce serving of beef weighs 226 grams, but it only contains 61 grams of actual protein. A large egg weighs 46 grams, but it only contains 6 grams of protein.
Its easy if one do understand what its all about!
Soo I would try to explain?
Protein (amino acids) are macronutrients, it means it could provide energy (Calories).
How ever its seldome used as such, but as building blocks for a lot in your body.
Its essentiall.. att least 20 of the amino acids or soo.
Anyhow, by living and moving one use and destroy muscles.. its cald protein catabolism.. moste of it goes back in to protein syntesis again and provide those amino acids you ned for muscles, hormones,, other things.
There are always a waist in this process.. thats what you need to get by food.. animal sorce and/or vegetable!
One have tryed to estimate minimum needs for that purpose.
And they came up whit 0,6-0,9 grams/kilo a day as minimum need!
Minimum needs are seldom the same as optimum.. the leaner one is and the more fysical one is, the more one need.. in grams/Kg a day.
On a ketogenic diet one altso use extra amino acids for glukoneogens.. so we say 1 gram/kilo a day as a mean minimum intake.
And at last.. there are high protein diets.. LCHF is a high fat diet, but it seems to be a little higher on protein anyhow for moste people.
Hi Rose,I read on Authority Nutrition that between 0.36 to 0.6 grams per pound of body weight is a good estimate. So yes about 54 grams.Also read there that What "Grams of Protein" Really Means When I say "grams of protein" – I mean grams of the macronutrient protein, not grams of a protein containing food like meat or eggs. An 8 ounce serving of beef weighs 226 grams, but it only contains 61 grams of actual protein. A large egg weighs 46 grams, but it only contains 6 grams of protein. See the link to the article here https://authoritynutrition.com/how-much-protein-per-day/Hope this helps!
I wonder about using mineral salt instead of regular salt. Regular salt has 38g of sodium, 8mg of potassium and no magnesium. Mineral salt (I'm checking Seltin, Norwegian brand) has 20g of sodium, 21g of potassium and 1,8g of magnesium. Is it a good option? I mean, I don't have any problems using regular salt, I just wonder if this mineral salt could be a bad idea.
Hi, I'm on lowcarb diet few days and it was reccomended to me to drink water with salt. My question is how many g per day is not harmful? I read that this diet lowers a heart blood pressure and I was always tend to have lower heart blood pressure. I was reccomended to take 10-20g per day, but I'm just wondering if it's not too much. I feel much better on lowcarb as I was diagnozed with PCOS, but feel a bit pressure in my ears which I can't understand what is that and make me feel a bit anxious and worry about it.
How much water are we supposed to drink a day whilst on keto?


The entries in the site that start with "k" have been split into the 10 pages with the ranges shown above. Select the range that you want to investigate.
song with lyrics is anybody listening? lord are you listening? someone'scrying lord. someone's crying for you lord.


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Fallout 76: Steel Reign Review – A New Dawn for the Wasteland
Fallout 76: Steel Reign brings a deeper storytelling to Appalachia that Fallout fans will appreciate and promises an exciting future for the Wasteland.
Fallout 76 brought in some new and expansive activities after last year's resurgence of the Brotherhood of Steel in Appalachia, which introduced new characters and interesting storylines with more weight than most of the game's previous missions. That story finally comes to a head in Fallout 76: Reign of Steel. Although the quest line is fairly short, it gives players a fair taste of the moral dilemmas they expect from gamers. Fall franchise, and it becomes a promising preview of the potential Appalachia still has ahead of it.
The division between Paladin Rahmani and Knight Shin was already well established early in the Steel Dawn questline, and it became a pivotal head before the super mutants' attack on Fort Atlas. The growing chasm between the Paladin and the Knight is only temporarily put on hold, as the Brotherhood must work to stop Fallout 76The growing threat of mutants. Still, the inevitable rift is completed at the end of the quest line, forcing players to finally choose what the future of the Brotherhood really will be in the Appalachians.
Related: Fallout 76 Reveals New Season 5 Items & Summer Update Roadmap
Weather Fallout 76 He has worked very hard to recover from his difficult start, even the much appreciated Wastelanders The expansion did not have a deep narrative direction. The settlers and raiders developed well, but at the end of the day, it was just a matter of which faction the player liked best to help them break into Vault 79. The Brotherhood quest line spawned more nuanced quests as they the players have done it. to wonder if they believe in the vision of the Brotherhood of Rahmani or Shin, which shows how well the game has grown. This expands enormously at the end of the expansion with a decision not only between the two sides, but also on what the player believes is the proper form of justice and what is best for Appalachia in a profound way.
However, the quest line is not limited to maintaining the landing. Even the story setting is well executed, as players must first step back as they work to solve the super mutant problem, leading them on a series of missions with Rahmani and Shin individually to provide players with insight. better understanding of the characters and what drives them. . Both Rahmani and Shin have some well-written and humanizing moments that make choosing one or the other more difficult, but Fallout 76: Reign of Steel it doesn't stop there. In the Brotherhood's concluding quest line, players will also be reintroduced to some of the first NPCs they encountered in an impressively woven narrative that posits what lengths are acceptable in the pursuit of humanity's greatest good, what is a bridge too far. and what are the appropriate consequences for those who cross that line.
Yes Fallout 76: Reign of Steel has some obvious shortcoming, is that more of these more challenging missions would have been even better. Meanwhile he Wastelanders The missions sometimes seemed too long with too little depth, the Brotherhood missions, although much stronger narratively, are considerably shorter. It's a trade-off worth having for anyone who values quality over quantity, but having the best quality makes a player want more. Navigating Vault 96 can also be quite challenging at times. Still, these issues are easily forgettable in a stunning story that will leave players debating the moral efficacy of their actions and what those decisions mean for the Brotherhood going forward.
There are several interesting things at stake like Reign of steel ties an orderly tie to the current history of the Brotherhood of Steel that raises questions about what will come next for the Brotherhood, regardless of the choice they make. It also establishes potential new narratives depending on player choice that could shape the future of Appalachia, as well as the expanded lore of Fall. Whatever comes next Fallout 76: Reign of Steel prove that 76 only now is it catching up.
Next: Fallout 76 – Top 15 Builds Ranked
Fallout 76: Reign of Steel is available now on PC, Xbox One, and PS4, as well as Xbox Series X / S and PS5 through backward compatibility.
4 of 5 (Excellent)
Indonesian Minister Calls For Fortnite Ban On User-Created Map
Rion Duncan
Rion Duncan is an avid gamer and science fiction author. After spending his youth in marketing, he finally returned to his first love for imaginary worlds and fantasy characters. When she's not working on her Idonia book series or recording episodes for her Eclectic Podcast, she spends time doing her favorite activity; playing with her two year old daughter.
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Grand Jury Demographics
Grand Jury Forms
CRIMINAL GRAND JURY
The Criminal Grand Jury is selected by random from a cross-section of the county's population – in the same way in which petit jurors (regular jurors) are selected. The main responsibility of the Criminal Grand Jury is to attend hearings to weigh evidence brought by the District Attorney's Office in order to determine on the basis of this evidence whether certain persons should be charged with a crime.
CIVIL GRAND JURY
Civil Grand Jurors are not summoned, but may volunteer by completing an application form. The main function of the Civil Grand Jury is to investigate county, city, and joint-power agencies. They act in a "watch-dog" capacity, by examining the operations of various government agencies within Los Angeles County.
Grand Jury Q&A / How Do I...
What is the Civil Grand Jury?
What is the term of service?
What are the functions of the Civil Grand Jury?
Who Qualifies to be on the Civil Grand Jury?
How are Civil Grand Jurors chosen?
How is the Civil Grand Jury organized?
Who may ask the Civil Grand Jury to investigate?
How is county government investigated by the Grand Jury?
How do I request an investigation?
Where can I find the investigations results?
What is the Criminal Grand Jury?
What is the purpose of the Criminal Grand Jury?
Who can be on the Grand Jury?
How are Criminal Grand Jurors chosen?
Are Criminal Grand Jurors paid?
What type of cases are brought to the Grand Jury?
Who is the Criminal Grand Jury's Legal Advisor?
How are indictments returned by the Grand Jury?


When pubg mobile lite release in Indonesia?
On February 13, 2019 – pubg mobile lite was released in Indonesia.
PlayerUnknown's Battleground (PUBG) has become a sensation between gamers and the online multiplayer Battle Royale is now available on smartphones, PCs, Xbox, PlayStation and more. Tencent Games has recently launched a lite version of the PUBG PC for low-end hardware, and while it is still available in Thailand only, PUBG Lite will soon make its way into four more countries.
Now it has been confirmed that PUBG Lite will expand in its beta form, on Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore, which will start soon. The Tencent game is bringing PUBG Lite to more southeast Asian countries, which means that those who have access to PUBG players or high-end hardware in India will not get PUBG Lite in beta form soon.


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The American Association of Woodturners (AAW) is the principal organization in the United States supporting the art and craft of woodturning. It is sometimes stylized as American Association of Wood Turners (AAW). Established in 1986 and headquartered in Saint Paul, Minnesota, the organization encompasses more than 15,000 members in the United States and many foreign nations. As of 2013, the AAW was affiliated with nearly 350 local chapters worldwide. In addition to sponsoring an annual national symposium, the AAW provides support to local clubs for outreach and education. The 25th anniversary of the AAW was celebrated in 2011 at the annual symposium held in Saint Paul. Phil McDonald is executive director of the organization.

Mission and background
The AAW states: "Our purpose is to foster a wider understanding and appreciation of lathe-turning as a traditional and contemporary craft and a form of art among the general public and amateur, part-time, and professional woodturners. This will be accomplished by providing education, information, organization, technical assistance, and publications related to woodturning."

Woodturning, which has experienced exceptional growth and interest since AAW's founding, is a pursuit that goes back 4,000 years in human history – using craft's most organic material, wood, as its primary medium. Woodturners create utilitarian, artistic, and sculptural wooden objects on mechanical lathes. The craft differs from most other forms of woodworking in that the wood stock rotates rapidly while sharpened cutting skews, gouges, and other tools are maneuvered by hand to shape the material.

Membership in AAW brings a variety of benefits, including a bimonthly magazine, insurance coverage, scholarships, national symposiums, educational opportunities for newcomers and youth, and a website where turners can display and market their woodturnings.

The AAW was founded at the Arrowmont School of Arts and Crafts  in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, and remains closely affiliated with that institution, as well as with the John C. Campbell Folk School  in Brasstown, North Carolina, and the Anderson Ranch  in Snowmass Village, Colorado.

Organization
The AAW, a 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization, is administered by a nine-member Board of Directors, all volunteers who serve three-year terms. Three board members are elected by the full membership each year and begin their terms in January. The Board employs an executive director and an editor, and appoints a Board of Advisors along with various committee members serving specific purposes, such as organizing the national symposium and overseeing AAW financial grants to clubs and individuals.

American Woodturner Journal
The AAW magazine, American Woodturner, is published in print and online editions six times a year. Subscriptions to the journal are included with AAW membership, and individual copies are available on newsstands. Members may view all issues online. The publication contains articles aimed at both novice woodturners as well as intermediate craftspersons and professionals.

Chapters
The AAW is affiliated with more than 350 local chapters, or clubs, and three "virtual" chapters. Local chapters are primarily in the United States but encompass groups in many other nations, including Canada, England, New Zealand, Taiwan, Australia and Japan. Virtual chapters are not geographically based but are organized around specific woodturning techniques. The three virtual chapters include the Ornamental Turners International, Segmented Woodturners, and Pen Turners www.principallypens.com. Ornamental woodturners specialize in the use of an ornamental lathe such as the Rose engine lathe. Segmented woodturning involves joining individual pieces of wood together prior to turning to create intricate patterns and dramatic visual effects. Pen turners specialize in making pens and other writing instruments out of both wood and synthetic materials.

Symposium
Each year an annual Symposium take place. They have been sponsored and organized by the AAW each year since 1987, alternating in cities around the United States. The first symposium was held in Lexington, Kentucky in 1987. The gathering typically includes live presentations, an auction of selected woodturnings, an instant gallery that showcases current woodturning craft, a rotation of how-to and hands-on demonstrations, the world's largest trade show of commercial woodturning vendors, and a youth training center.

AAW Gallery of Wood Art

The AAW operates the AAW Gallery of Wood Art www.galleryofwoodart.org in Saint Paul's historic Landmark Center. The gallery features changing exhibits of art of all kinds made from wood, and there also is a gift shop. Admission is free to the gallery, which is open daily except Monday and Saturday.
The AAW works in partnership with Collectors of Wood Art  to promote the development and appreciation of studio wood art among collectors, artists, educators, art critics, galleries, museums, and the general public.

References

External links
 American Association of Woodturners - official site

1986 establishments in the United States
Business magazines published in the United States
Art museums and galleries in Minnesota
Contemporary crafts museums in the United States
Magazines established in 1986
Non-profit organizations based in Minnesota
Organizations based in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Woodturning
Woodworking
Woodworking magazines
Tourist attractions in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Magazines published in Minnesota


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Prolific fly-tipper jailed for waste offences and fraud
Monday 9th December, 2019
On 2nd December 2019, Horace Piggott of Killamarsh, was given a two year prison sentence at Sheffield Crown Court after pleading guilty to multiple waste offences and fraud.
The Council's joint Environmental Enforcement Team carried out investigations alongside Rotherham Borough Council and brought a successful joint prosecution, as the fly tipping occurred over multiple authority boundaries.
During the council's investigations, it became evident the scale of the operation was huge. The offences occurred over multiple counties, for a number of years. Piggott distributed leaflets in the Sheffield and Rotherham areas advertising a waste collection service under a false name and address. The waste was then subsequently collected and dumped at multiple sites across Sheffield, Rotherham and Bolsover. Homeowners who initially believed they were dealing with a legitimate business, which was properly authorised to deal with waste, were in reality, being subject to a fraudulent, illegal waste operation.
Council officers retrieved evidence from the waste, obtained CCTV footage and interviewed witnesses proving that Piggott was responsible.
In addition to the prison sentence, Piggott received a ten year criminal behaviour order making it a further offence for him to be involved in any waste activities, and further vehicles were seized from him linked to recent fly tipping. Rotherham Borough council had previously seized fifteen vehicles from Piggott suspected of being involved in organised fly tipping.
Judge Thomas QC commented that Horace Piggott had shown a persistent disregard for the regulatory regime by continuing to fly-tip, despite already having a suspended sentence and being aware he was under investigation.
Horace Piggott's son, Deano Piggott, was given a 12 month community order with up to 15 days rehabilitation activity and 120 hours unpaid work, also for fly-tipping offences.
Joanna Galvin was also sentenced to eight months imprisonment, which was suspended for 12 months with up to 15 days rehabilitation activity and 80 hours unpaid work for money laundering directly linked to the waste offences.
Councillor Martin Thacker, Leader of the Council said, "Fly-tipping is an offence which affects areas all over the country. NEDDC takes this very seriously, as it is a blight on the countryside, a dangerous hazard and costs tax payers money. We will not tolerate such acts. The Council is delighted by the outcome of this case.
"There is no excuse to fly-tip. Our collaborative working with other authorities and agencies will serve as a stark message to those criminals that we will take robust enforcement action to ensure they are brought to justice."
Bolsover District Council's Cabinet Member for Street Scene and environmental Health, Councillor Deborah Watson said, ""This was not a single occurrence, but rather an organised operation of fly tipping which continued over a number of years, and so we are extremely pleased with the sentence the culprit has received.
"We hope that this serves as a warning to anyone not abiding by the law, that this authority will indeed use the full force of the law against these individuals and put an end to such criminal activity."
Rotherham Council's Assistant Director of Community Safety and Street Scene, Tom Smith, said: "This is a great result for all the staff that have been working hard on this case. The joint operation is one of the largest of its kind. Legitimate waste removal companies will have waste carriers licenses and a real business address. They will always offer receipts for the waste and be able to explain where it will be disposed. Where residents go for the cheap unofficial option to dispose of waste; they could also be committing an offence and can be prosecuted."
Residents can ensure their waste is disposed of correctly by asking the following questions of waste providers:
Ask to see their waste carrier licence registration (provided by the Environment Agency). If they do not have waste carriers licence then do not allow them to take the waste.
Ask for a waste transfer note / receipt or invoice with all relevant details as outlined the waste duty of care code of practice.
To report fly tipping you may have seen visit www.ne-derbyshire.gov.uk