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This section highlights publications on research conducted by ZIKAlliance consortium members and partners
Findings from this article explain why explosive ZIKV epidemics occurred in DENV-endemic regions of Micronesia, Polynesia and the Americas where Culex-borne flavivirus outbreaks are infrequent, and why ZIKV did not cause major epidemics in Asia where Culex-borne flaviviruses are widespread.
Book chapter in Locating Zika Social Change and Governance in an Age of Mosquito Pandemics; Edited by Kevin Bardosh.
Results of large cohort studies will provide better risk estimates for birth defects and other developmental abnormalities associated with ZIKV infection including possible co-factors for the variability of risk estimates between other countries and regions. Additional outcomes include incidence and transmission estimates of ZIKV during and after pregnancy, characterization of short and long-term clinical course following infection and viral kinetics of ZIKV.
This study reveals distinctive functions of lipin1 and lipin2 in cells of hepatic origin, a context in which they are often considered functionally redundant.
The authors present and show a new tool that can detect endemic and epidemic viruses in different mosquito species in an epidemic context. This fast and low-cost method can be suggested as a novel epidemiological surveillance tool to identify circulating arboviruses.
High specificity and sensitivity of Zika EDIIIbased ELISA diagnosis highlighted by a large human reference panel
Researchers developed a ZEDIII-based ELISA that can discriminate between past or current DENV and ZIKV infections, allowing the detection of a serological scar from other flaviviruses. This could be used to confirm exposure of pregnant women or to follow the spread of an endemic disease.
Results from this study show a complex association between NIRVS and DENV/CHIKV opening a new avenue for investigating the functional role of NIRVS as antiviral elements shaping vector competence of mosquitoes to arboviruses.
Stable distinct core eukaryotic viromes in different mosquito species from Guadeloupe, using single mosquito viral metagenomics
by Shi et al.
In this article, the authors applied their optimized viral metagenomics protocol (NetoVIR) to compare the virome of single and pooled Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected from different locations in Guadeloupe, in 2016 and 2017.
Sloths host Anhanga virus‐related phleboviruses across large distances in time and space
by de Oliveira Filho et al.
In this study, researchers confirmed the association of Anhanga virus (ANHV)‐related viruses with both extant two‐toed sloth species in the Choloepus genus across 3,000 km distance and half a century between the both detections.
Advances in Visualization Tools for Phylogenomic and Phylodynamic Studies of Viral Diseases
by Theys et al.
The authors of this study focus on solutions that address joint temporal and spatial visualization but also consider what the future may bring in terms of visualization and how this may become of value for the coming era of real-time digital pathogen surveillance, where actionable results and adequate intervention strategies need to be obtained within days.
Experimental Assessment of Zika Virus Mechanical Transmission by Aedes aegypti
by Boullis et al.
In this study, researchers evaluated the propensity of Aedes aegypti to transmit mechanically Zika virus (ZIKV) using an experimental design.
Cross-Protection of Dengue Virus Infection against Congenital Zika Syndrome, Northeastern Brazil
by Pedroso et al.
The results reported in this study suggest that multitypic degnue virus infection may protect from, rather than enhance, development of congenital Zika syndrome.
European Aedes caspius mosquitoes are experimentally unable to transmit Zika virus
by Núñez et al.
The results of the present study reveal that the tested Ae. caspius population has a strong midgut escape barrier that limits the dissemination or transmission of the virus. As such, it seems unlikely that European Ae. caspius mosquitoes could be involved in ZIKV transmission if ZIKV was introduced into Europe. This information may help in designing a better strategy to European surveillance and control programmes for ZIKV.
Results from this research show that the differentiation state of hNPCs is a significant factor contributing to the outcome of ZIKV infection and furthermore suggest that ZIKV infection might initiate early activation of the Notch pathway resulting in an abnormal differentiation process, implicated in ZIKV-induced brain injury.
Enhanced Molecular Surveillance of Chikungunya Virus
The authors of this study developed two highly sensitive nested RT-PCR assays that cover hot spots of vector adaptation in CHIKV envelope domains. The new assays allow unprecedented molecular surveillance across all CHIKV genotypes and diagnostic use in resource-limited settings globally.
Phylogeography and invasion history of Aedes aegypti, the Dengue and Zika mosquito vector in Cape Verde islands (West Africa)
by Salgueiro et al.
The authors of this study performed a phylogeographic and population genetics study of A. aegypti in Cape Verde in order to infer the geographic origin and evolutionary history of this mosquito.
Assessing the Potential Interactions between Cellular miRNA and Arboviral Genomic RNA in the Yellow Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti
by Yen et al.
This study shows a broad picture of possible interactions between mosquito cellular miRNAs and the viral RNA of different genotypes/lineages of arboviruses, providing a list of mosquito cellular miRNAs candidates for experimental validations in future studies.
Transmission potential of African, Asian and American Zika virus strains by Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus from Guadeloupe (French West Indies)
by Hery et al.
Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes from Guadeloupe are not able to experimentally transmit ZIKV. It was also noticed better transmission of ZIKV strain from Senegal by Ae. aegypti from Guadeloupe compared to Malaysia and Martinique strains.
A computational method for the identification of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya virus species and genotypes
by Fonseca et al.
In this study, the authors developed an efficient method to classify virus sequences with respect to their species and sub-species (i.e. serotype and/or genotype).
Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus
by Kraemer et al.
This study offers an opportunity to strategically target surveillance and control programmes and thereby augment efforts to reduce arbovirus burden in human populations globally.
A Viral Polymerase Inhibitor Reduces Zika Virus Replication in the Reproductive Organs of Male Mice
by Jacobs et al.
In this study, the authors explore the potential of antivirals to serve as an effective strategy to prevent sexual transmission. The data illustrate the value of a mouse model to validate the efficacy of new potential ZIKV drugs at the level of the male reproductive system.
In this review, the authors summarize the results of the evidence to date and elaborate on other possible detrimental effects of cross-reactive flavivirus antibodies, both for ZIKV infection and the risk of ZIKV-related congenital anomalies, DENV infection, and dengue hemorrhagic fever.
Assessing Zika Virus Transmission Within Households During an Outbreak in Martinique, 2015–2016
by Cousien et al.
This study characterized the contribution of household transmission in ZIKV epidemics, demonstrating the benefits of integrating multiple data sets to gain more insight into epidemic dynamics.
The Human Upper Respiratory Tract Epithelium Is Susceptible to Flaviviruses
by Vielle et al.
Data in this study suggest that the human upper respiratory tract epithelium is a target for flaviviruses and could potentially play a role in the spread of infection to other body compartments through basolateral virus release. Further work is required to evaluate the risks and define the adapted measures to protect individuals exposed to flavivirus-contaminated body fluids.
Zika virus infection among symptomatic patients from two healthcare centers in Sao Paulo State, Brazil: prevalence, clinical characteristics, viral detection in body fluids and serodynamics
by Tozetto-Mendoza et al.
This study shows that urine ZIKV RT-PCR testing in the acute phase of infection can improve the sensitivity of diagnosis, while testing serum is probably less useful despite more sustained shedding in some cases. Higher sensitivity and specificity serological tests are needed for the diagnosis of patients who seek medical attention after the period of ZIKV detection by RT-PCR and for surveillance purposes in settings of high DENV background infection.
Scientific collaboration in Zika: identification of the leading research groups and researchers via social network analysis
by Maia et al.
This study shows that a Zika researcher's influence is basically determined by three factors: (a) number of publications; (b) diversified partnerships; and (c) the links established with the research area's pioneers.
SAMHD1 Enhances Chikungunya and Zika Virus Replication in Human Skin Fibroblasts
by Wichit et al.
In this study, the authors determined the global proteomic profile of CHIKV and ZIKV infections in human skin fibroblasts using Stable Isotope Labelling by Amino acids in Cell culture (SILAC)-based mass-spectrometry analysis.
Endogenous non-retroviral elements in genomes of Aedes mosquitoes and vector competence
The recent discovery of endogenized elements shows that virus/vector interactions are more dynamic than previously thought, and genetic markers such as NIRVS could be one of the potential targets to reduce arbovirus transmission.
The Unfolded Protein Response: A Key Player in Zika Virus-Associated Congenital Microcephaly
by Alfano et al.
The discovery of the link between ZIKV infection and UPR activation has a broader relevance, since this pathway plays a crucial role in many distinct cellular processes and its induction by ZIKV may account for several reported ZIKV-associated defects.
Vector-borne transmission and evolution of Zika virus
by Gutiérrez-Bugallo et al.
The authors of this study review the mosquito and vertebrate host species potentially involved in ZIKV vector-borne transmission worldwide; provide an evidence-supported analysis regarding the possibility of ZIKV spillback from an urban cycle to a zoonotic cycle outside Africa; and review hypotheses regarding recent emergence and evolution of ZIKV.
Low Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Vientiane, Laos, 2003–2015
by Pastorino et al.
With a low herd immunity in the Vientiane population, ZIKV represents a risk for future large-scale outbreaks. Implementation of a nationwide ZIKV surveillance network and epidemiological studies throughout Laos is needed.
The association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil 2015–2017: An observational analysis of over 4 million births
by Brady et al.
This study strengthens the evidence that congenital ZIKV infection, particularly in the first 2 trimesters of pregnancy, is associated with microcephaly and less frequently with other birth defects. The finding of no alternative causes for geographic differences in microcephaly rate lead the authors to hypothesize that the Northeast region of Brazil was disproportionately affected by this Zika outbreak, with 94% of an estimated 8.5 million total cases occurring in this region, suggesting a need for seroprevalence surveys to determine the underlying reason.
The difficulties in obtaining reliable Zika virus diagnostics
Correspondence re: Familiar barriers still unresolved - a perspective on the Zika virus outbreak research response
Potential of Aedes albopictus to cause the emergence of arboviruses in Morocco
by Amraoui et al.
Results obtained in this study suggest that the local transmission of four arboviruses - dengue (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV), zika (ZIKV) and yellow fever (YFV) viruses - by Ae. albopictus newly introduced in Morocco is a likely scenario.
Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Urban and Rural Areas of Suriname, 2017
In Suriname, 770 participants were recruited from 1 urban area and 2 rural villages in the tropical rainforest in order to conduct a ZIKV serosurvey. Researchers found that 35.1% of the participants had neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV. In 1 remote village in the rainforest, 24.5% of the participants had neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV, suggesting that ZIKV was widely spread across the country.
Control of Acute Arboviral Infection by Natural Killer Cells
by Maucourant et al.
In this study, researchers review recent developments in the understanding of the immune response, with an emphasis on the early antiviral immune response mediated by natural killer cells and emphasize their Janus-faced effects in the control of arbovirus infection and pathogenesis.
Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells as Model to Evaluate Species Tropism of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses
by García-Nicolás et al.
The authors of this study demonstrate Flavivirus-dependent differences in the interaction with monocyte-derived dendritic cells. These may play a role in pathogenesis but appear to only partially reflect the expected species tropism.
Differential Shedding and Antibody Kinetics of Zika and Chikungunya Viruses, Brazil
by Bozza et al.
Recurrent recent arbovirus infections suggested by serologic data and unspecific symptoms highlight the need for exhaustive virologic testing.
Bat Influenza A(HL18NL11) Virus in Fruit Bats, Brazil
by Campos et al.
Screening of 533 bats for influenza A viruses showed subtype HL18NL11 in intestines of 2 great fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus). High concentrations suggested fecal shedding.
Optimization of a fragment linking hit toward Dengue and Zika virus NS5 methyltransferases inhibitors
by Hernandez et al.
A fragment-based drug design approach on flavivirus methyltransferase.
Combination of ELISA screening and seroneutralisation tests to expedite Zika virus seroprevalence studies
by Nurtop et al.
The authors of this study propose a strategy allowing implementing efficient and practicable large-scale seroepidemiological studies for Zika Virus (ZIKV).
Human stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells support Zika virus replication and provide a relevant model to assess the efficacy of potential antivirals
by Tricot et al.
The authors of this study demonstrate that both human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and the Huh7 hepatoma cell line support the complete ZIKV replication cycle.
Neurodevelopment in Infants Exposed to Zika Virus in Utero
by Lopes Moreira et al.
A yellow fever–Zika chimeric virus vaccine candidate protects against Zika infection and congenital malformations in mice
by Kum et al.
The authors of this study report the engineering of a chimeric virus vaccine candidate (YF-ZIKprM/E) by replacing the antigenic surface glycoproteins and the capsid anchor of YFV-17D with those of a prototypic Asian lineage ZIKV isolate.
Novel broad spectrum virucidal molecules against enveloped viruses
by Cagno et al.
Researchers report on a class of rhodanine and thiobarbituric derivatives displaying a broad spectrum antiviral activity against seven different enveloped viruses including an HSV-2 acyclovir resistant strain with favorable selectivity indexes.
Potential of Aedes albopictus as a bridge vector for enzootic pathogens at the urban-forest interface in Brazil
by dos Santos et al.
Results from this study show that Ae. albopictus frequency declines as it penetrates into the forest and highlight its potential role as a bridge vector of zoonotic diseases at the edge of the Brazilian forests studied.
Zika virus infection perturbs osteoblast function
by Mumtaz et al.
Researchers have developed and characterized a new in vitro model to study the role of bone development in ZIKV pathogenesis, which will help to identify possible new targets for developing therapeutic and preventive measures.
Favipiravir inhibits in vitro Usutu virus replication and delays disease progression in an infection model in mice
by Guerrero et al.
This study shows that treatment of mice with favipiravir (150 mg/kg/dose, BID, oral gavage) significantly reduced viral load in blood and tissues and significantly delayed virus-induced disease. The USUV mouse model is amenable for assessing the potential in vivo efficacy of (novel) USUV/flavivirus inhibitors.
Familiar barriers still unresolved - a perspective on the Zika virus outbreak research response
by Koopmans et al.
The authors of this study have identified three major bottlenecks in the implementation of a swift response to the increasing frequency of widespread infectious disease outbreaks: the absence of a timeline for the funding process, delays in regulatory and ethical approval, and the challenging logistics of laboratory support, including diagnostics.
Estimating the risk of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika outbreaks in a large European city
by Solimini et al.
The model provided in this study correctly estimates the number of imported cases and can be easily adapted to other urban areas where Ae. albopictus is the only potential vector present.
Research Models and Tools for the Identification of Antivirals and Therapeutics against Zika Virus Infection
by Alves et al.
This review focuses on the recent advances regarding research models, as well as available experimental tools that can be used for the identification and characterization of potential antiviral targets and therapeutic intervention strategies.
Potential effect of Zika virus infection on human male fertility?
The findings from this study suggest a possible long-term detrimental effect of ZIKV infection on human male fertility that has to be further explored in well-characterized samples from cohort studies conducted in ZIKV-endemic areas.
Zika virus infection modulates the metabolomic profile of microglial cells
by Diop et al.
In the present study, the authors investigate the metabolomic profile of ZIKV-infected microglia.
Projecting the end of the Zika virus epidemic in Latin America: a modelling analysis
by O'Reilly et al.
The findings in this article suggest that the ZIKV epidemic is by and large over within LAC, with incidence projected to be low in most cities in 2018. Local low levels of transmission are probable, but the estimated rate of infection suggests that most cities have a population with high levels of herd immunity.
Zika virus infects human testicular tissue and germ cells
by Matusali et al.
This study provides key insights into how ZIKV may persist in semen and alter semen parameters, as well as a valuable tool for testing antiviral agents.
Differential transmission of Asian and African Zika virus lineages by Aedes aegypti from New Caledonia
by Calvez et al.
The results of this study demonstrate that Ae. aegypti from New Caledonia can become infected and replicate different ZIKV strains belonging to all lineages. These data emphasize the importance of studying the interaction between vectors and their arboviruses according to each local geographic context.
Exhaustive TORCH Pathogen Diagnostics Corroborate Zika Virus Etiology of Congenital Malformations in Northeastern Brazil
by Moreira-Soto et al.
Data from this study support a link between maternal ZIKV infection and congenital malformations and suggest the occurrence of predominantly vector-borne ZIKV transmission in these cases. In addition, some highly prevalent TORCH pathogens may be misinterpreted as representative of ongoing ZIKV activity in the absence of exhaustive diagnostics in northeastern Brazil.
Zika virus outbreak in the Pacific: Vector competence of regional vectors
Results from this study indicate a low ZIKV transmission by Ae. aegypti and Ae. polynesiensis tested from the Pacific region. These results were unexpected and suggest the importance of other factors especially the vector density, the mosquito lifespan or the large immunologically naive fraction of the population that may have contributed to the rapid spread of the ZIKV in the Pacific region during the 2013–2017 outbreak.
Re-visiting the evolution, dispersal and epidemiology of Zika virus in Asia
by Pettersson et al.
In this study, the authors have traced the phylogenetic history and spatio-temporal dispersal pattern of ZIKV in Asia prior to its explosive emergence in the Pacific region and the Americas.
A Novel Marsupial Hepatitis A Virus Corroborates Complex Evolutionary Patterns Shaping the Genus Hepatovirus
by Carneiro et al.
The authors conducted field work in Brazil to sample marsupials, one of the most ancient mammalian lineages, and identified a new HAV, marsupial HAV (MHAV).
External Quality Assessment for Zika Virus Molecular Diagnostic Testing, Brazil
The results from this study emphasize the need for continuous quality assessments of Zika virus diagnostic testing globally.
Zika virus and Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh
by GeurtsvanKessel et al.
Researchers found no significant association between ZIKV infection and GBS in Bangladesh, but GBS following ZIKV infection was characterized by a distinct clinical and electrophysiological subtype compared to C. jejuni infection. These findings indicate that ZIKV may precede a specific GBS subtype but the risk is low.
Zika virus outbreak in New Caledonia and Guillain-Barré syndrome: a case-control study
by Simon et al.
For this study, researchers conducted a case-control study focusing on GBS cases in 2014 and retrospectively analyzed 5 years (2011–2015) of GBS in New Caledonia along with arboviruses circulation.
SuPReMe: a rapid reverse genetics method to generate clonal populations of recombinant RNA viruses
by Driouich et al.
According to the authors, SuPReMe, therefore, represents an effective and promising option for the rapid generation of clonal recombinant populations of single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses.
Pregnancy Outcomes after ZIKV Infection in French Territories in the Americas
by Hoen et al.
The risk of congenital neurologic defects related to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has ranged from 6 to 42% in various reports. The aim of this study was to estimate this risk among pregnant women with symptomatic ZIKV infection in French territories in the Americas.
Zika virus epidemiology in Bolivia: A seroprevalence study in volunteer blood donors
by Saba Villarroel et al.
The authors conclude that ZIKV has been circulating in Bolivian tropical areas but not in highlands, and that the epidemic has not be en limited by previous immunity against dengue. Specific attention should be paid to the region of Santa Cruz, where the seroprevalence is still limited, but the density of Aedes aegypti populations makes plausible further spreading of the disease.
An overview of mosquito vectors of Zika virus
by Boyer et al.
According to the authors of this study, mosquito control measures should remain focused on the mosquito Ae. aegypti which is also the vector of CHIKV and DENV, and much more research effort should be allocated to fill the knowledge gaps about this virus.
A novel hepatitis B virus species discovered in capuchin monkeys sheds new light on the evolution of primate hepadnaviruses
by Souza et al.
Data in this article suggest ancestral co-speciation of hepadnaviruses and NHP, and an Old World origin of the divergent HBV genotypes F/H. The identification of a novel primate hepadnavirus offers new perspectives for urgently needed animal models of chronic hepatitis B.
Evidence for multiple sylvatic transmission cycles during the 2016–2017 yellow fever virus outbreak, Brazil
Since December 2016, Brazil has experienced an unusually large outbreak of yellow fever (YF). Whether urb a n transmission may contribute to the extent of the outbreak is unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize YF virus (YFV) genomes and to identify spatial patterns to determine thedistribution and origin of YF cases in Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, the most affected Brazilian states during the current YFV outbreak.
In this study researchers show that ZIKV containing BeH819015 structural proteins is much less efficient in cell-attachment leading to a reduced susceptibility ofepithelial A549 and neuronal SH-SY5Y cells to viral infection.
Limited Evidence for Infection of Urban and Peri-urban Nonhuman Primates with Zika and Chikungunya Viruses in Brazil
The authors of this study tested nonhuman primates (NHP) sampled during 2012 to 2017 in urban and peri-urban areas severely affected by ZIKV and CHIKV in Brazil. Seroprevalence and antibody titers were low for both viruses. Additionally, they found evidence for infection by heterologous viruses eliciting cross-reactive antibodies. These data suggest that urban or peri-urban NHP are not easily infected by ZIKV and CHIKV despite intense local transmission, and they may also imply that the ZIKV and CHIKV outbreaks in the Americas cannot be sustained in urban or peri-urban NHP once human population immunity limits urban transmission cycles.
Structural and Functional Basis of the Fidelity of Nucleotide Selection by Flavivirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases
by Selisko et al.
In this article, the authors review current knowledge on motifs A-G, defined as the conserved amino-acid sequence strings shared by enzymes, and their role on the structural and mechanistic basis of the fidelity of nucleotide selection and RNA synthesis by Flavivirus RdRps.
Emerging trends of Zika apprehension in an epidemic setting
by Fritzell et al.
The findings of this study have implications for the development of multifaceted infection control programs, including strategies for prevention and awareness, helping the population to develop an accurate perception of the threat they are facing and encouraging behavior changes.
The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future Implications
by Lowe et al.
The authors of this study discuss gaps in the knowledge and the challenges ahead to anticipate, prevent, and control emerging and re-emerging epidemics of arboviruses in Brazil and worldwide.
Recombinant Zika NS1 Protein Secreted from Vero Cells Is Efficient for Inducing Production of Immune Serum Directed against NS1 Dimer
by Viranaicken et al.
The authors of this article demonstrated that recombinant ZIKV NS1 expressed in mammalian cells stably transduced with a lentiviral vector is suitable for inducing the production of specific antibody directed against NS1 oligomer. According to the authors, anti-ZIKV immune serum could be a great tool for the specific detection of secreted NS1 hexamer in human cells infected with ZIKV of African and Asia lineages, including contemporary epidemic strains.
Zika virus can be venereally transmitted between Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
In this study, researchers assessed for the first time the venereal transmission of ZIKV between Aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. Their conclusion is that venereal transmission between Aedes mosquitoes might contribute to Zika virus maintenance in nature.
Zika virus evolution on the edges of the Pacific ocean
by Dupont-Rouzeyrol et al.
In this study, by adding 13 new full ZIKAV genome sequences, isolated from different places in the Pacific region and at different periods of time, along with other published genomes, the authors provide for the first time a map of the whole ZIKAV Pacific sublineage, from the Western to the Eastern edges of the Pacific ocean.
Stress-induced unfolded protein response contributes to Zika virus–associated microcephaly
by Gladwyn-Ng et al.
In order to understand the mechanism of Zika virus-associated microcephaly, the authors combined analysis of human fetuses infected with Zika virus, cultures of human neuronal stem cells and mice embryos. They showed that ZIKV infection of cortical progenitors controlling neurogenesis triggers a stress in the endoplasmic reticulum in the embryonic brain, inducing signals in response to incorrect protein con-formation.
Vectorial status of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus of La Réunion Island for Zika virus
by Vazeille et al.
The authors performed an experimental oral infection with the Asian genotype of ZIKV in Ae. albopictus from La Réunion and found a strong midgut barrier to dissemination. This result is discussed in the light of previous vector competence assays for DENV and CHIKV performed on other Ae. albopictus populations from La Réunion.
High Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil Limits the Potential for Further Outbreaks
by Netto et al.
In this article, authors find that the high burden of Zika virus infection in a northeastern Brazilian metropolis questions the fate of the outbreak due to population protective immunity; that Zika virus infection predominantly affects geographic areas with low socioeconomic status, demonstrating a clear link between poverty and Zika virus infection; and, finally, additional evidence for the link between Zika virus infection and microcephaly.
Infection of a French Population of Aedes albopictus and of Aedes aegypti (Paea Strain) with Zika Virus Reveals Low Transmission Rates to These Vectors' Saliva
by Ryckebusch et al.
This study shows that the extrinsic incubation period of Ae. aegypti for transmission is shorter than that of Ae. albopictus.
Zika virus displacement by a chikungunya outbreak in Recife, Brazil
by Magalhaes et al.
In 2015–2016 in the Recife Metropolitan Region, the authors of this study detected the tail end of a Zika epidemic, which was displaced by a chikungunya epidemic. Few dengue cases were identified despite a high number of official dengue notifications in the area during this period. This study shows here important epidemiological features of these cases.
Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes do not support replication of Zika virus
by Lourenço-de-Oliveira et al.
The authors of this study found that Culex quinquefasciatus does not support ZIKV replication and Wolbachia is not involved in producing this phenotype. These mosquitoes are therefore very unlikely to play a role in transmission of ZIKV.
New reverse genetics and transfection methods to rescue arboviruses in mosquito cells
In order to overcome potential technological issues related to the study of arboviruses, the authors of this study designed an improved DNA transfection protocol for insect cells and then demonstrated that the simple and flexible ISA (Infectious Subgenomic Amplicons) reverse-genetics method can be efficiently applied to both mammalian and mosquito cells to generate in days recombinant infectious positive-stranded RNA viruses belonging to genera Flavivirus (Japanese encephalitis, Yellow fever, West Nile and Zika viruses) and Alphavirus (Chikungunya virus).
Lineage-Specific Real-Time RT-PCR for Yellow Fever Virus Outbreak Surveillance, Brazil
The authors of this study developed novel multiplex real-time reverse transcription PCRs. The new PCRs enable yellow fever (YFV) detection with diagnostic sensitivity. Although the dual-target assay is superior to the single-target assay in sensitivity and robustness to target competition, the single-target assay – as stated by the researchers – may be advantageous in resource-limited settings and may be more convenient for multiplex usage in combination with assays targeting co-circulating arboviruses, such as chikungunya, Zika, and dengue viruses.
Characterization of the Zika virus induced small RNA response in Aedes aegypti cells
by Varjak et al.
Results from this study suggest that ZIKV has mechanisms to evade mosquito innate immunity and it is therefore important to understand virus-vector interactions and the implications they have on transmission.
ClearColi BL21(DE3)-based expression of Zika virus antigens illustrates a rapid method of antibody production against emerging pathogens
The remarkable efficacy of the ClearColi BL21(DE3)-based expression system at eliciting the rapid production of specific anti-ZIKV antibodies endorses an innovative method, which can be extended to emerging viruses for which development of immunological tools is an urgent prerequisite.
Evidence for congenital Zika virus infection from neutralizing antibody titers in maternal sera, north-eastern Brazil
Results from this study suggest that despite the inter-individual variability in immune responses, the magnitude of the maternal ZIKV-specific neutralizing antibody response may prove useful to corroborate congenital ZIKV infection, contributing to reliable estimates of the manifestation index of ZIKV-associated congenital disease. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the time-course of maternal neutralizing antibody responses to identify whether a high maternal PRNT titer can be used as an early marker of congenital infection aiding potential antiviral intervention strategies.
First outbreak of Zika virus in the continental United States: a modelling analysis
by Marini et al.
In this work, the authors analysed the transmission dynamics of the Wynwood outbreak, recorded in Florida at the end of July 2016, using a mathematical model calibrated to outbreak data, and assessed the efficacy of the implemented vector control measures in containing viral transmission. Results from this analysis provide useful insights for prevention and control of possible future outbreaks in European areas.
Zika genomics urgently need standardized and curated reference sequences
In this letter, the authors address the need for curation and standardized annotation of ZIKV reference genomes in order to guide researchers and clinicians in genomic analyses and the translation of research findings.
Replication of the Zika virus in different iPSC-derived neuronal cells and implications to assess efficacy of antivirals
by Lanko et al.
This study demonstrates for the first time that motor neurons support ZIKV replication and these cells are as a consequence of ZIKV replication destroyed by the virus, and that human iPSC derived neuronal cells offer a physiologically relevant system to assess the potential antiviral effect of small molecule inhibitors of viral replication that are being developed to clear ZIKV infections in the nervous system.
Re-evaluation of routine dengue virus serology in travelers in the era of Zika virus emergence
by van Meer et al.
Researchers have demonstrated that the recent ZIKV outbreak in Latin America substantially affects the DENV serology in routine diagnostic laboratories.
Results from this study indicate that bats do not sustain sufficient virus amplification in order to function as reservoirs and exclude them as players in the dengue virus transmission cycle.
Zika plasma viral dynamics in nonhuman primates provides insights into early infection and antiviral strategies
by Best et al.
Researchers found that in order for an antiviral treatment to effectively reduce the time to plasma viral clearance therapy should be initiated at the time of infection or given prophylactically.
Phenotypic Differences between Asian and African Lineage Zika Viruses in Human Neural Progenitor Cells
by Anfasa et al.
Taken together, this study shows that African and Asian ZIKV strains differ in their abilities to infect and replicate in different neural cells, as well as their abilities to cause cell death early after infection. This implies that caution is necessary against extrapolation of experimental data obtained using historical African ZIKV strains to the current outbreak. In addition, the fact that Asian ZIKV strains infect only a minority of cells with a relatively low burst size together with the lack of early cell death induction might contribute to their ability to cause chronic infections within the CNS.
Insecticide resistance is mediated by multiple mechanisms in recently introduced Aedes aegypti from Madeira Island (Portugal)
by Seixas et al.
This study showed the up-regulation of several detoxification genes of multiple enzyme families associated with metabolic resistance, and the presence of the two kdr mutations, with the F1534C being fixed. Another suggested mechanism probably involved in the resistance phenotype is cuticle thickening, as several cuticle genes were found overexpressed. This study reinforces the importance of alternative control strategies to suppress Ae. aegypti population and thus reduce the likelihood of arbovirus transmission in the region.
Emerging arboviruses: Why today?
by Gould et al.
In this study, the authors select examples of (re)emerging pathogenic arboviruses and explain the reasons for their emergence and different patterns of dispersal, focusing particularly on the mosquito vectors which are important determinants of arbovirus emergence. They also attempt to identify arboviruses likely to (re)emerge in the future.
Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas
by Faria et al.
Results from this study further indicate that viruses from northeast Brazil were important for the continental spread of ZIKV. Within Brazil, the authors find instances of virus lineage movement from northeast to southeast Brazil; most of these events are dated to the second half of 2014 and led to onwards transmission in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states. The authors infer that ZIKV lineages disseminated from northeast Brazil to elsewhere in Central America, the Caribbean, and South America.
Culex quinquefasciatus from areas with the highest incidence of microcephaly associated with Zika virus infections in the Northeast Region of Brazil are refractory to the virus
by Fernandes et al.
The study shows that Culex quinquefasciatus should not be considered a potential vector of ZIKV in Brazil.
Imipramine Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication in Human Skin Fibroblasts through Interference with Intracellular Cholesterol Trafficking
This study shows that imipramine strongly inhibits the replication of several Flaviviridae family members, including Zika, West Nile and Dengue virus. Data show that imipramine is a potential drug candidate for anti-arboviral treatment.
The findings from this study indicate that the immunity of the Cameroonian population against ZIKV is low and that circulation in urban populations is uncommon. Hence, the risk of epidemic spread of ZIKV does exist. The virus is likely to be imported by infected travelers coming from epidemic areas and has the potential to be transmitted by local peri-domestic mosquitoes. This study provides biological evidence that such introduction would occur in populations that are globally immunologically naïve against ZIKV infection and live in areas where potential epidemic vectors exist.
Suramin inhibits Zika virus replication by interfering with virus attachment and release of infectious particles
by Albulescu et al.
The authors of this article describe inhibition of ZIKV replication by suramin, originally an anti-parasitic drug. They suggest that the inhibitory effect of suramin on ZIKV attachment and virion biogenesis and its broadspectrum activity warrant further evaluation of this compound as a potential therapeutic.
Risk of microcephaly after Zika virus infection in Brazil, 2015 to 2016
by Jaenisch et al.
Based on the reported data from Brazil in 2015/16, this publication describes a plausible range for the risk of microcephaly in women who were infected with Zika virus during pregnancy compared to those who were not infected. The key message is that the large uncertainty around the risk estimate needs to be further investigated because of a) the possible existence of co-factors that are yet to be validated, b) the assumptions that need be made for the proportion of women who were infected during pregnancy.
Substrate selectivity of Dengue and Zika virus NS5 polymerase towards 2'-modified nucleotide analogues
by Potisopon et al.
In addition to representing the first ZIKV full-length NS5 activity report at the molecular level, this study should help the design of pan-flavivirus drugs aiming at the control of many Flavivirus members of this large family of emerging arboviruses, as well as understand the basis of re-purposing drugs against emerging viral diseases.
Zika Virus Methyltransferase: Structure and Functions for Drug Design Perspectives
by Coutard et al.
The results outlined in the article contribute to a better understanding of the ZIKVMTase, a central player in viral replication and host innate immune response, and lay the basis for the development of potential antiviral drugs.
Real-Time Assessment of Health-Care Requirements During the Zika Virus Epidemic in Martinique
by Andronico et al.
This study showcases the contribution of modeling to inform local health-care planning during an outbreak. Timely studies that estimate the proportion of infected persons that seek care are needed to improve the predictive power of such approaches.
Aedes aegypti Control Through Modernized, Integrated Vector Management
by Yakob et al.
Researchers demonstrate that strategically combining the suppression methods with Wolbachia can generate a sustained control while mitigating the risks of inadvertent exacerbation of the wild mosquito population.
Zika virus causes supernumerary foci with centriolar proteins and impaired spindle positioning
by Wolf et al.
The article concludes that infection with Flaviviridae can increase centrosome numbers and impair spindle positioning, thus potentially contributing to microcephaly in the case of Zika.
This study describes for the first time the specific antiviral gene expression in infected primary human astrocytes, the major glial cells within the central nervous system.
Zika virus in asymptomatic blood donors in Martinique
by Gallian et al.
This pioneering study suggests that the study of blood donors during outbreaks of emerging pathogens has become a key element of epidemiological surveillance.
Axl Mediates ZIKA Virus Entry in Human Glial Cells and Modulates Innate Immune Responses
by Meertens at al.
This study highlights the dual role of Axl during ZIKV infection of glial cells: promoting viral entry and modulating innate immune responses. Therefore, inhibiting Axl function may represent a potential target for future antiviral therapies.
By using the bacterium-free 'Infectious Subgenomic Amplicons' (ISA) method, this study provides the scientific community with two simple and performing reverse genetics systems for ZIKV.
Zika and Other Emerging Viruses: Aiming at the Right Target
by Dallmeier & Neyts
The article argues that the off-label use of drugs that may protect against Zika virus-induced brain damage has to be balanced with their risk during pregnancy.
How Did Zika Virus Emerge in the Pacific Islands and Latin America?
Based on comparative ZIKV complete genome phylogenetic analyses and temporal estimates, the authors identify amino acid substitutions that may be associated with increased viral epidemicity, CZVS, and GBS. Reverse genetics, vector competence, and seroepidemiological studies will test the hypothesis that these amino acid substitutions are determinants of epidemic and neurotropic ZIKV emergence.


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Arabella of Mars
Blending the Impossible: the Many Genres of David D. Levine's Arabella of Mars
Arabella and the Battle of Venus
David D. Levine
Mon Jun 19, 2017 2:00pm
Alternate History, Fantasy || Book 2 in The Adventures of Arabella Ashby. Arabella must find passage to an enemy-controlled planet in the middle of a war, bribe or fight her way past vicious guards, and rescue her Captain with the help of the dashing privateer, Daniel Fox...
See Ellen Klages and Celebrate Passing Strange This Spring!
That Was Awesome! Writers on Writing
Blending the Impossible: David D. Levine's Arabella of Mars
Tue Aug 16, 2016 12:00pm
Galactic Imperialism: Arabella of Mars by David D. Levine
Tue Jul 12, 2016 2:00pm
Arabella of Mars: Chapter 3
Fri Jun 17, 2016 12:00pm
Alternate History, Science Fiction || A plantation in a flourishing 18th century British colony on Mars is home to Arabella Ashby, a young woman who is perfectly content growing up in the untamed frontier. But days spent working on complex automata with her father or stalking her brother Michael with her Martian nanny is not the proper behavior of an English lady.
Thu Jun 16, 2016 3:00pm
Wed Jun 15, 2016 2:30pm
Arabella of Mars Sweepstakes!
Wed Jun 1, 2016 4:30pm
We have four galley copies of David D. Levine's Arabella of Mars, out July 12th from Tor Books, and we want to send them to you! Since Newton witnessed a bubble rising from his bathtub, mankind has sought the stars. When William III of England commissioned Capt. William Kidd to command the first expedition to Mars in the late 1600s, he proved that space travel was both possible and profitable.
Napoleon's Adventures in Space. Revealing Arabella of Mars by David D. Levine
Thu Sep 24, 2015 2:30pm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Even if the jury had knowledge that a witness was bribed by the Cali cartel, it still would not have changed the outcome of the trial against deposed Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega, a federal judge ruled in denying him a new trial (U.S. v. Noriega, No. 88-0079-Cr.-Hoeveler, Order Denying Motion for New Trial, 59 CrL 1028 (DC SFla March 27, 1996); "Judge Finds Evidence 'Troubling,' But Denies New Trial to Noriega," BNA Criminal Practice Manual, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 174).
Judge William M. Hoeveler of the District Court for the Southern District of Florida ruled that there was some evidence that Ricardo Bilonick had been bribed by the Cali cartel to testify against Noriega, but that the testimony of 47 other witnesses against the defendant ensured his conviction. Bilonick had been attacked on cross-examination at trial, the judge wrote in his opinion, and the new allegations would have been only one more reason for jurors not to believe his testimony.
Noriega's lawyers had argued that Bilonick had received a $1.25 million bribe from the Cali cartel to testify at trial (see "New Allegations of Bribery in Noriega Trial," NewsBriefs, April 1996). Two former Cali cartel members, whose identities remain secret, claimed that Bilonick was given $250,000 in cash and $1 million in certificates of deposit prior to surrendering to police. Bilonick was a former Panamanian diplomat and a member of the Medellin drug cartel. He received a three-year sentence for his role in drug smuggling and is now out of prison. He denies receiving any money in exchange for his testimony.
Noriega's lawyers argued that U.S. prosecutors secretly arranged for the Cali cartel bribe to get Bilonick to testify. In exchange for Bilonick's surrender and testimony, Noriega's lawyers say prosecutors arranged for a reduced sentence for Luis Santacruz Echeverri, the brother of slain Cali cartel leader Jose Santacruz Londono. This deal, and other special arrangements made for witnesses testifying against Noriega, should have been revealed to the jury at trial, they argued.
Noriega is now serving a 40-year sentence for drug trafficking, racketeering, and money laundering convictions. His lawyers say they will use the evidence of Cali cartel money in Noriega's pending appeal in the Eleventh Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals.


Nigerian Gospel singer,Songwriter and actress 'Tope Alabi' Teams up with Nigerian Photographer,philantrophist,Singer and Songwriter 'Ty Bello' To release a joint album titled 'The spirit of Light'.
Off the 17track album comes this pleasant track titled 'All Th Glory'.
Let's know what you think abkut this song in the comment section below.


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Sections & Forums > Sections > Family Law > Family Law Newsletter
Family Law Newsletter
Family Law Newsletter Archive
Submitting An Article
FALL 2018: Digital Forensics in Family Law
by James Berriman, Esq., EnCE, CEO, Evidox Corporation
Introduction: Forensic Ediscovery vs Active-File Ediscovery
Forensic ediscovery is a subset of the larger field of electronic discovery. It is therefore helpful to begin by distinguishing forensic ediscovery from other forms of ediscovery.
Many cases do not involve digital forensics. Many, especially in the context of ordinary civil litigation, focus on traditional "active-file" ediscovery. This involves collecting, reviewing, and producing the relevant, active (non-deleted), user (non-system) digital files of the parties.
Such files are the electronic equivalent of hardcopy business records. They include emails, word-processed documents, spreadsheets, presentations, database reports, and media files. They comprise a party's correspondence, administrative records, financials, and the like.
Characteristics of Active-file Ediscovery. Active-file ediscovery, like traditional paper discovery, focuses on the substantive content on the face of each document: What are the representations made in this communication? What are the terms of this agreement? What are the amounts on this bank statement?
These determinations do not require technical expertise regarding the digital format of the document itself. They are based instead on the facial content readily apparent to the reader. They require only that the document be accessed and reviewed in the ordinary course.
The lawyer is fully capable of assessing the content of such documents to determine relevance, materiality, and significance. Although the lawyer might rely on ediscovery specialists to collect, process, and host the documents, and although the lawyer might use software tools to review the documents, the lawyer is still using traditional legal expertise and issue-spotting — not technical expertise — to assess their meaning.
Characteristics of Forensic Ediscovery. Forensic ediscovery, on the other hand, has a different goal and a different methodology. It is performed when you need to look behind the face of the documents to assess the circumstances of their existence or to assess the user's activities. Such circumstances might include:
Spoliation: Has relevant evidence been deleted? When? By whom? Can it be recovered?
Authenticity: Is this document authentic? Was it fabricated? Altered?
History: When was this file created? Last revised? Are there earlier versions?
Access: What network locations or accounts did the user access? What files?
Transmittal: Did this file travel? Was it copied to a memory key or external drive? Was it uploaded to a cloud repository? Attached to a webmail?
User Activity: What was the user doing with the computer at a certain date and time? What applications did the user install? What web sites did the user visit? What searches did the user run?
Forensic ediscovery answers these questions by looking at technical clues in the digital environment in which the evidence resides. It involves examining things like metadata (data about a file that does not appear on its face), system caches that contain "working copies" of old files, system logs and databases that preserve evidence of user activity, artifacts of deleted files and past disk activity, and other types of "under the hood" analysis. It involves ferreting out evidence that the ordinary user cannot see simply by looking at the facial content of the active user files.
These circumstances typically implicate the conduct — or misconduct — of the user. They show what a user did with the files, or did with the computer. Most lawyers cannot assess such forensic evidence unassisted.
Summary of Distinctions. The table below provides a summary of the major differences between active-file ediscovery and forensic ediscovery:
When Each Approach is Appropriate. If we make a rough analogy to traditional paper discovery, then active-file ediscovery is similar to looking through the client's file cabinets, desk drawers, and folders to find relevant business records. Forensic ediscovery, on the other hand, is more like looking through the user's wastebaskets or shred bins to piece together what has been lost or hidden, or dusting the documents for fingerprints to see who touched them. In sum:
Active-file ediscovery is part of virtually every litigation, since almost every case involves ordinary communications, financials, records, and other documentary evidence that has substantive facial relevance.
Forensic ediscovery, on the other hand, is used in cases that also involve issues of spoliation, authenticity, fabrication, or questions of user conduct or misconduct involving the computers or documents at issue.
Mobile Forensics. Cellphones and tablets are also amenable to forensic analysis. They typically do not store data in the same way as is found on computer hard drives, since mobile applications often store content as database entries rather than as freestanding files. Nevertheless, the data associated with each application is often recoverable and forensically useful. The data found on a cellphone or tablet may include:
Contacts. These contain the contact information associated with the various email addresses and telephone numbers on the phone.
Call logs. These show the datestamps, timestamps, durations, telephone numbers, and contact names associated with phone call activity.
Text messages. These show the full text of the user's incoming and outgoing text messages, along with datestamps, timestamps, telephone numbers, and the associated contact names.
Emails. Although a user's entire mailbox might not be stored or accessible on the cellphone, a log of recent emails is typically present showing dates, times, addresses, and other metadata.
Web artifacts. These include evidence of the user's web activity, which may include browser history, search history, and cookie data.
Connection data. These include the history and name of the WiFi locations that were accessed with the device.
Location data. Mobile devices can store location data. In addition, photos taken with mobile devices may contain embedded location coordinates.
Media files. These include the user's locally-stored photographs and videos.
Downloads. These include the files downloaded by the user.
Specific application data. This includes the data and history associated with the specific apps that the user has installed and used on the phone.
Online (Cloud-Based) Repositories. Another potential source of digital evidence can be found in online repositories. These include webmail accounts, social media sites, Dropbox and Google Docs repositories, and the like.
Family Law Scenarios for Forensic Ediscovery
In the specific context of family law, forensic ediscovery can be useful in a number of scenarios. Several of these are summarized as examples below:
Harassment. A court order might provide that one party is not permitted to contact the other at all, or only in limited circumstances. A forensic examination of a cellphone, tablet, or computer can be useful to preserve and present evidence of telephone calls, text messages, emails, application data (e.g., messaging apps), social media postings, and other modes of harassing contact, along with the associated datestamps and timestamps.
Stalking. Mobile devices can contain forensic evidence of geolocation data, web map data, WiFi connection data, photographs (with datestamps and timestamps), and other artifacts that could support a claim of stalking. Computers as well as mobile devices can contain evidence of web searches conducted by the user (such as searching on a party's name or searching for an address) as well as attempts to obtain unauthorized access to a party's email account or other online accounts.
Contempt (Violation of Court Order). There are a number of scenarios in which forensic data can use used to support a motion for contempt. For example, a court order might provide that the children are not to be taken from the jurisdiction, or that their locations when traveling must always be disclosed to the other parent. A forensic examination can provide evidence of that such provisions have been violated.
Recovery of Lost Evidence. It is not unusual for critical evidence to be lost, either accidentally or maliciously. For example, a party might have taken photographs to document the misconduct of the other (e.g., photographs of bruises). The other party, upon learning of this, might have accessed the victim's phone or computer and deleted the photos to eliminate evidence of the misconduct. Deleted evidence can often be recovered.
Financial Misconduct. A party might have failed to disclose all of their assets in connection with a court-ordered financial statement. A forensic examination could reveal that the party has accessed bank accounts, brokerage accounts, cryptocurrency accounts, and other assets that have been wrongfully hidden.
Impropriety. A forensic examination might reveal that a party has accessed web sites or used applications that are associated with illegal, harmful, or inappropriate conduct that is relevant to the case.
Spyware. A forensic examination might reveal that spyware has been installed on the user's computer or device.
Alibi Evidence. Forensic examination can also provide evidence to corroborate an alibi. This could include evidence that the user was in another location or engaged in other activities at the time the alleged misconduct occurred.
There are many similar situations in which a forensic examination may be critical to the outcome of a family law matter. The example scenarios described above are intended only to raise the awareness and to sharpen the issue-spotting instincts of the family law practitioner.
Gaining Access to the Evidence
When conducting forensic ediscovery (especially in the context of family law) it is essential to ensure that the examination is lawful. This is usually not an issue if the client owns the devices or the accounts at issue or has legitimate access to them. If the devices or accounts are owned by a third party, then it will be necessary either to obtain the consent of the owner or else to obtain a court order that authorizes the examination. Another approach is to have the adverse party retain their own forensic expert to find and produce the evidence in accordance with an ediscovery agreement, or to have a neutral or court-appointed expert be retained on behalf of both parties.
This article was written to provide a basic overview of the possible uses of forensic ediscovery in the practice of family law. The descriptions have been simplified for easy reading and are not intended to be technically complete or exhaustive.
James Berriman, Esq., EnCE, is the CEO and founder of Evidox, a provider of ediscovery and computer forensic services. Mr. Berriman has been in the field of litigation technology since 1982. He was a litigation attorney at Goodwin Procter from 1990 to 2006 where he founded the firm's Litigation Technology Group. He founded Evidox in 2006. He has conducted and overseen hundreds of ediscovery and computer forensics matters.
Mr. Berriman is an EnCase Certified Examiner in digital forensics. He has taught Ediscovery at Boston University School of Law and has presented over 40 CLE programs on ediscovery and computer forensics.
Mr. Berriman received his J.D. from Boston University School of Law (1990) and his B.A. from SUNY Potsdam (1980). He admitted to practice in the State and Federal courts of Massachusetts.
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No Two Alike
By Keith Baker
Illustrated by Keith Baker
No two snowflakes are alike,
almost, almost . . .
but not quite.
Follow a pair of birds on a snowflake-filled journey though a gorgeous winter landscape to explore how everything, everywhere is wonderfully unique--from branches and leaves to forests and trees to friends and loved ones.
Photograph by L. Cunningham
Keith Baker has written and illustrated many acclaimed picture books for young children, including the New York Times bestselling LMNO Peas; 1-2-3 Peas; Little Green Peas; Hap-pea All Year; LMNO Pea-quel; My Octopus Arms; and No Two Alike. He lives in Seattle.
Publisher: Beach Lane Books (December 1, 2011)
Baby - Age 3
"The engaging, digitally rendered avian characters stand out against the wintry landscape, and their many antics as they navigate their surroundings will sustain readers' interest. They loop-the-loop through the falling snow, tightrope walk on branches, ski on twigs, and knock snow off fence posts. Children will readily join in the reading to supply each ending rhyme."
--School Library Journal, September 2011
"With spare verse and a quiet, winter landscape, Baker (LMNO Peas) presents an ode to uniqueness, particularly as it pertains to nature.... Baker's digital artwork conveys a sense of painterly softness and warmth, and children should appreciate the gentle self-esteem boost that comes with the reassurance that they are one of a kind."
--Publishers Weekly, October 3, 2011
*"The poetry and pictures here express the idea of individuality with an irrepressible, childlike sense of joy. Accessible to very young children, the verse reads aloud beautifully, with just a phrase or two on each spread. Created with subdued colors and strong composition, the double-page digital illustrations create a powerful sense of place and season while offering details for young children to notice and talk about. Baker's seamless combination of well-worded rhymes, evocative landscapes, and playful protagonists make this a standout title for reading aloud, especially in winter."
--Booklist, November 1, 2011, *STAR
"A cheerful celebration of individuality, with clever rhymes and engaging art sure to appeal to little ones."
--San Francisco Chronicle, December 25, 2011
"In a thoughtfully structured picture book, two little red birds explore a snowy landscape, while a rhyming text draws listeners into looking carefully at the pictures to find similarities and differences between things.... Baker includes many funny scenes, with the mischievous birds stockpiling snowballs as a fox walks warily by in one spread and fishing with berry-bait in another."
--The Horn Book Magazine, January/February 2012
"Spare, rhymed couplets, quiet and gentle, tell the story, while the digitally produced artwork, bright and cheerful, takes off winter's chill….This lovely testimony to how special and unique each of us is will enhance a preschooler's self-esteem."
—The Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH), March 4, 2012
Booklist Editors' Choice
Keystone to Reading Book Award Reading List (PA)
Book Cover Image (jpg): No Two Alike
Author Photo (jpg): Keith Baker
More books from this author: Keith Baker


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by Dave Altavilla - Fri, Mar 28, 2008
Asus Eee PC Desktop, Eee Box Unveiled
The scoop wire was running late tonight and these shots of Asus' upcoming Eee Desktop made their way to our inbox just now, so we thought we'd give you the digital relay on the skinny... literally. Though it's hard to get a sense of size here, this thing is obviously svelte. We don't have firm details but since this is an Asus... Read more...
by Gregory Sullivan - Wed, Mar 26, 2008
Eee PC. Touchscreen. May Or June. Book It. Aloha
Asustek caused quite a stir with their inexpensive little Eee PC notebook computer. There's been a lot of speculation about the how when why wherefore of the second generation of the unit. According to Digitimes, you can expect an 8.9", touchscreen equipped, 512 to 1GB memory-packing, 8 to 12 GB solid state hard drive wielding,... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Thu, Mar 20, 2008
ECS Eee Challenger Fleshed Out
We recently reported on the existence of the ECS G10IL, a mini-notebook/UMPC to compete with the Eee PC 900, but at the time ECS was very hush-hush on the details. All that ended today when they posted the specs on their web site.The G10IL will be powered by a Diamondville CPU riding on a 945GSE chipset and featuring a single memory... Read more...
ECS To Challenge The Eee PC
As with all rumors, please take the following news item with a grain of salt until we can receive official confirmation or denial from ECS.It seems that ECS is preparing a sub-$500 ultra-portable laptop to do battle with the popular ASUS Eee PC. At present the product's moniker is the G10IL, but it might get a flashier name to compete... Read more...
Asus Eee PC 4G-X, Windows XP Eee PC First Look!
A little birdie tossed this one over the wall to us and we just had to pass this along to you. Asus has done so well with their new little ultra-portable, ultra-miserly computer, that they're continuing to flesh out the product family with more flavors than an jacked up all-night rave at Baskin Robbins. Word is the Windows... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Mon, Mar 03, 2008
Rumor: 9" Eee PC Details
As with all rumors, please take the following news item with a grain of salt until we receive official confirmation or denial from Asus.The rumored 8.9" or 9" Eee PC may just become a reality after all. While we don't have too many tech specs, we're hearing that the screen size is supposed to be 9" not 8.9" and because the battery life... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Thu, Feb 28, 2008
Eee PC Has Industry Nervous
The Eee PC from Asus has certainly garnered a lot of attention from the public and the media, but those aren't the only eyes watching. After all, it behooves the major players to know what the public wants.Senior VP of Sony's IT product division, Mike Abary, has been watching the Eee PC very closely and had this to say:"If (the Eee PC... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Tue, Feb 19, 2008
New Eee PC Competitor
The massive public interest in the Eee PC has certainly caused other manufacturers to accelerate whatever plans they've had to jump into the market with a comparable product. Now it looks like Konjinsha of Korea is joining the fray with an AMD powered machine of all things:"Running on Windows XP and AMD Geode LX800 CPU, the E8 adopts... Read more...
by Gregory Sullivan - Thu, Jan 24, 2008
Eee PC With A Hot Babe And XP. Sorry, Penguins
The Asus Eee PC is a nifty laptop. And it became a sort of talisman of hope for Linux fans. Windows Vista demands too many resources for a stripped down lappie, and Linux seemed to fit the bill for the OS. The 800 pound gorilla at Microsoft is still XP, and it's in the room with the penguin now.Asus has formally launched its bonsai... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Sun, Jan 20, 2008
Rumor: Eee PC Touch?
As with all rumors, please take the following news story with a grain of salt until we can get official confirmation or denial from ASUS.While we already reported that ASUS is already preparing a next-generation Eee PC, one of the newest rumors suggests that at least one variant will support a touch screen. It is possible that utilizing... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Sat, Jan 19, 2008
Eee Vs. The Air?
While the Apple MacBook Air has been the source of some buzz, it certainly didn't make waves like the ASUS Eee PC did during 2007. While the two laptops are in completely different leagues, it appears that some just can't help but compare the two. The biggest surprise is that Apple's new "ultra"-portable laptop didn't win hands-down:"After... Read more...
by Michael Santo - Wed, Jan 16, 2008
ASUS Outlines Roll-out Plan for Windows Eee PC
ASUS Outlines Roll-out Plan for Windows Eee PCFremont, CA ( January 16 , 2008 ) – ASUS North American headquarters today confirmed the plan to offer channel-wide availability of the Microsoft W indows™ XP-based Eee PC. The ASUS Eee PC defines a new category of computing device that offers an excellent Internet experience on-the-go... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Mon, Dec 31, 2007
Rumor: Next Generation Eee PC Specs Leaked
There is a rumor that the Eee PC is going to get a successor sometime in the new year. Keep in mind that this is just a rumor, but the upgrade could be fairly extensive. Early reports suggest that new Eee(e?) PC would feature a larger 8.9" screen, WiMAX, and could very well ride on Intel's new Menlow UMPC platform."Should ASUS... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Sat, Dec 15, 2007
Eee PC + Vista
If we were forced to say that the ASUS Eee PC had a single fault, we might site its less limited storage capabilities. It's not a major problem when running the included Xandros distribution, but with only 8 GB of internal storage available the Eee PC is not quite up to the minimum specifications to install Microsoft's nearly year old... Read more...
Eee PC Warranty Update
When we took a look at the ASUS Eee PC we noted the little 'warrant void if removed' sticker covering the memory access port, but we didn't really care. After all, ours was just a review unit and despite our repeated and futile attempts to convince ASUS officials that our dog ate our demo unit, we ultimately knew that we were going to... Read more...
Asus Eee PC 8 GB For $499?
If you've been holding back on purchasing an Eee PC due to the somewhat limited storage capabilities, it looks like ASUS might be granting your holiday wishes. That's right, the 8 GB Eee PCs should hit store shelves as early as mid-December for a price of $499. There's no word on whether or not that price will include Windows XP,... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Thu, Nov 29, 2007
ASUS Eee PC / GPL Update
Earlier this week we reported that a disgruntled Eee purchaser was considering taking ASUS to court over alleged GPL violations. Those supposed violations stemmed from the alleged failure to provide complete source code for the software on the Eee PC in an accessible manner & location. As we initially suspected, it appears... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Mon, Nov 26, 2007
ASUS Eee PC Legal Woes
We haven't been shy about our love for ASUS's new ultra-portable laptop, the Eee PC. Thus we were a bit surprised to hear that new Eee PC purchaser Cliff Biffle is threatening legal action over the alleged inclusion of proprietary software and hardware that may be in violation of the GPL."Biffle decided to disassemble the software --... Read more...
by Chad Weirick - Fri, Nov 16, 2007
Leopard On The Eee PC
While HH takes a firm stance against piracy and EULA-violations, we are extremely impressed that somebody managed to get OS X 10.5 working on a brand new ASUS Eee PC. Strangely enough, the biggest technical roadblock seems to be getting Leopard to run happily on a CPU that doesn't support SSE3.Leopard runs a bit sluggishly on the Eee,... Read more...
10" Eee PC A Myth
Bigger isn't always better, and nowhere is that more evident than in the growing UMPC market.Still, there are some users who seemed to want a 10" screen on the ASUS Eee PC, and thus a rumor was born. Well it appears that it's rumor squashing time, according to this Q & A, a 10" Eee PC isn't in the cards at this time:"I contacted... Read more...
by Dave Altavilla - Thu, Nov 01, 2007
Inside The Asus Eee PC, Full Retail Evaluation
Hype, we all know the drill. We've seen it many times before. There's only so much commotion you can digest before you start to wonder if something is as good as it's played up to be. Such is the case with the highly anticipated Asus Eee PC. In fact, this product has been easily the most researched and searched-upon... Read more...
Asus Eee PC Full Retail Review Showcase


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Average yearly precipitation
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-)
Current Account Balance (Percentage of GDP)
Current Account Balance (Total)
Diabetes prevalence
Economy sectors
Electricity - installed generating capacity
Electricity production, consumption, imports and exports
External Debt (Percentage of GDP)
External Debt (Total)
External Debt per Capita
External Debt Stocks (Percentage of GNI)
Fixed broadband Internet subscribers
GDP - Official Exchange Rate
GDP decomposition by sector
GDP per Capita (PPP)
GDP PPP per land area
GINI index
Government expenditure (% of GDP)
Government expenditure (Total)
Highest and Lowest Point
Intentional homicides
International tourism, number of arrivals
International tourism, number of departures
Internet users
Land per Capita
Logistics Performance
Mobile cellular subscriptions
Religions and Ethnicity
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Short-term debt (percentage of total external debt)
Vehicles per 1000 people
Vehicles per km of road
Yearly Tourist arrivals to residents ratio
Logistics Performance - The Gambia
Compare to: AfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgiumBeninBhutanBoliviaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaChadChileChinaColombiaComorosCongoCosta RicaCôte d'IvoireCroatiaCubaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFijiFinlandFranceGabonGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGreeceGuatemalaGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong SAR, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIrelandIsraelItalyJamaicaJapanJordanKazakhstanKenyaKoreaKuwaitKyrgyz RepublicLao PDRLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLithuaniaLuxembourgMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMauritaniaMauritiusMexicoMoldovaMongoliaMontenegroMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNepalNetherlandsNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNorwayOmanPakistanPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatarRomaniaRussiaRwandaSão Tomé and PrincipeSaudi ArabiaSenegalSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSpainSri LankaSudanSwedenSwitzerlandSyrian Arab RepublicTajikistanTanzaniaThailandThe BahamasTogoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited KingdomUnited StatesUruguayUzbekistanVenezuelaVietnamworldZambiaZimbabwe
Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance (1=low to 5=high) 2.29
Logistics performance index: Overall (1=low to 5=high) 2.46
Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments (1=low to 5=high) 2.63
Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time (1=low to 5=high) 2.55
Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport (1=low to 5=high) 1.9
Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments (1=low to 5=high) 2.8
Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services (1=low to 5=high) 2.55
Value & RankThe Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance of The Gambia is 2.29 (1=low to 5=high) with a global rank of 110.
The Gambia compared to other CountriesThe Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance of The Gambia is similar to that of Zimbabwe, Montenegro, Côte d'Ivoire, Cambodia, Togo, Guyana, Bhutan, El Salvador, Jordan, Armenia with a respective Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance of 2.31, 2.31, 2.31, 2.30, 2.29, 2.29, 2.29, 2.28, 2.27, 2.27 (1=low to 5=high) and a global rank of 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115.The Gambia since the end of the Great RecessionThe Gambia's Logistics performance index: Efficiency of customs clearance had a negative growth (decline) of 3.78% since the end of the Great Recession
Value & RankThe Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport of The Gambia is 1.90 (1=low to 5=high) with a global rank of 149.
The Gambia compared to other CountriesThe Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport of The Gambia is similar to that of Gabon, Chad, Afghanistan, Comoros, Iraq, Rwanda, Nepal, Zambia, Eritrea, Haiti with a respective Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport of 2.00, 2.00, 2.00, 1.94, 1.92, 1.88, 1.87, 1.83, 1.83, 1.78 (1=low to 5=high) and a global rank of 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154.The Gambia since the end of the Great RecessionThe Gambia's Logistics performance index: Quality of trade and transport had a negative growth (decline) of 12.4% since the end of the Great Recession
Value & RankThe Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments of The Gambia is 2.63 (1=low to 5=high) with a global rank of 98.
The Gambia compared to other CountriesThe Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments of The Gambia is similar to that of Zimbabwe, Kazakhstan, Guinea, Macedonia, Armenia, Nicaragua, Eritrea, Syrian Arab Republic, Libya, Guinea-Bissau with a respective Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments of 2.67, 2.67, 2.67, 2.66, 2.65, 2.63, 2.63, 2.62, 2.62, 2.61 (1=low to 5=high) and a global rank of 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103.The Gambia since the end of the Great RecessionThe Gambia's Logistics performance index: Ease of arranging competitively priced shipments had a positive growth of 3.54% since the end of the Great Recession
Value & RankThe Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services of The Gambia is 2.55 (1=low to 5=high) with a global rank of 97.
The Gambia compared to other CountriesThe Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services of The Gambia is similar to that of El Salvador, Uganda, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Bolivia, Senegal, Costa Rica, Nigeria, Cambodia, Paraguay with a respective Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services of 2.60, 2.59, 2.59, 2.58, 2.58, 2.55, 2.53, 2.52, 2.50, 2.49 (1=low to 5=high) and a global rank of 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102.The Gambia since the end of the Great RecessionThe Gambia's Logistics performance index: Competence and quality of logistics services had a positive growth of 7.59% since the end of the Great Recession
Value & RankThe Logistics performance index: Overall of The Gambia is 2.46 (1=low to 5=high) with a global rank of 119.
The Gambia compared to other CountriesThe Logistics performance index: Overall of The Gambia is similar to that of São Tomé and Principe, Paraguay, Guinea, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Nigeria, Montenegro, Liberia, Kenya, Jamaica with a respective Logistics performance index: Overall of 2.48, 2.48, 2.48, 2.48, 2.46, 2.45, 2.45, 2.45, 2.43, 2.42 (1=low to 5=high) and a global rank of 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124.The Gambia since the end of the Great RecessionThe Gambia's Logistics performance index: Overall had a negative growth (decline) of 1.20% since the end of the Great Recession
Value & RankThe Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time of The Gambia is 2.55 (1=low to 5=high) with a global rank of 145.
The Gambia compared to other CountriesThe Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time of The Gambia is similar to that of Burkina Faso, Iran, Mauritania, Myanmar, Angola, Ethiopia, Namibia, Tajikistan, Libya, Guinea with a respective Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time of 2.67, 2.66, 2.60, 2.59, 2.59, 2.54, 2.52, 2.51, 2.51, 2.50 (1=low to 5=high) and a global rank of 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150.The Gambia since the end of the Great RecessionThe Gambia's Logistics performance index: Frequency with which shipments reach consignee within scheduled or expected time had a negative growth (decline) of 19.0% since the end of the Great Recession
Value & RankThe Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments of The Gambia is 2.80 (1=low to 5=high) with a global rank of 71.
The Gambia compared to other CountriesThe Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments of The Gambia is similar to that of Slovak Republic, Mauritius, Kazakhstan, Costa Rica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Madagascar, Guatemala, São Tomé and Principe, Tanzania, Cambodia with a respective Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments of 2.84, 2.83, 2.83, 2.81, 2.81, 2.80, 2.80, 2.78, 2.77, 2.77 (1=low to 5=high) and a global rank of 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76.The Gambia since the end of the Great RecessionThe Gambia's Logistics performance index: Ability to track and trace consignments had a positive growth of 23.3% since the end of the Great Recession
click on the following link to view a complete list of countries by Logistics Performance
Datasource: Workbank - World Development Indicators
Mecometer news and updates


text:
Q: dependency injection and multiple filesystemwatcher's This is mostly a design question.
I use the System.IO.Abstraction library. It has a IFileSystemWatcher that I can inject into my service.
The issue is that I have multiple paths I wish to watch. And the watcher cannot do that.
So I need to somehow find a good solution for doing this.
I have thought about doing it in the startup of the application.
E.g
services.AddTransient<IFileSystemWatcher,FileSystemWatcher>();

foreach(var fileToWatch in files)
{
    var fileWatcher = new FileWatcher(fileToWatch);
    services.AddSingleton<IFileWatcher>(fileWatcher);
}

The FileWatcher has a dependency on the IFileSystemWatcher.
The only other option I can think of without newing up a FileSystemWatcher inside the FileWatcher, which i don't want to due to testability, is to add the give the FileWatcher the ServiceProvider and from there do a ServiceProvider.GetService<IFileSystemWatcher> inside of that, and from there somehow make my way around it like that. I don't find that solution really nice.
Any thoughts?

A: i ended up with a solution that i have a hard time accepting. I never like to have a BuildServiceProvider anywhere. But at least i get to use a factory which makes sense, and the service at hand is testable.
program.cs
... ...
services.AddSingleton<IFileSystemWatcherFactory, FileSystemWatcherFactory>();
services.AddSingleton<IFileWatcher, FileWatcher>();

//bootstrap filewatcher
//must be after ifilewatcher registry in DI
var serviceProvider = services.BuildServiceProvider();
var fileWatcher = serviceProvider.GetService<IFileWatcher>();
fileWatcher.FileWatch().Wait();

FileWatcher.cs
public class FileWatcher : IFileWatcher
{
    private readonly IEventChannel _eventProducer;
    private readonly IFileSystemWatcherFactory _watcher;
    private readonly BookSmartsOptions _bookSmartsOptions;

    public FileWatcher(IEventChannel eventProducer,
        IFileSystemWatcherFactory watcher, IOptions<BookSmartsOptions> options)
    {
        _eventProducer = eventProducer;
        _watcher = watcher;
        _bookSmartsOptions = options.Value;
    }

    public async Task FileWatch()
    {
        foreach (var folderToWatch in _bookSmartsOptions.FilesToWatch.Split(';'))
        {
            await Task.Run(() => {
                var watch = _watcher.CreateNew(folderToWatch, "*.txt");
                watch.NotifyFilter = NotifyFilters.LastWrite;
                watch.EnableRaisingEvents = true;
                watch.Changed += FileSystemWatcher_Changed;
            }).ContinueWith((t) =>
            {
                if (t.IsFaulted) throw t.Exception;
            });
        }
    }

    private async void FileSystemWatcher_Changed(object s, FileSystemEventArgs e)
        => await _eventProducer.Write(e.FullPath);
}

Any other comments?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
More US Stories»
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Trump: I'm Going Against My 'Original Instinct' in Afghanistan
He originally wanted to withdraw, but says that would repeat mistake of Iraq
By Newser Editors, Newser Staff
Posted Aug 21, 2017 8:31 PM CDT
President Trump is increasing US troop levels in Afghanistan. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)
(Newser) – President Trump made a rare formal address to the nation Monday night to reaffirm the US commitment in Afghanistan, but he declined to talk about troop numbers or deadlines. Those factors will be based on "conditions on the ground, not arbitrary timetables," he said, adding that he doesn't think it makes sense to tip off the enemy to specific plans. The US currently has about 8,400 non-combat troops in the country, and the president had been expected to green-light another 4,000 or so for the 16-year-old war. "I'm a problem-solver," said Trump after outlining the situation he inherited in Afghanistan and Southeast Asia and faulting the decisions of his predecessors. But "in the end, we will win."
Trump, speaking at Fort Myer military base in Arlington, Va., acknowledged that his "original instinct was to pull out, and historically I like following my instincts," reports the New York Times. But he said he changed his mind after a long review and advice from his military advisers. He said the US cannot repeat what he views as the mistake of its "hasty" exit from Iraq in 2011, which he said allowed ISIS to gain a foothold, per USA Today. Trump also called out Pakistan and said the US will "no longer be silent" as that nation provides "safe haven" for terrorists. And he also warned that the Afghan government would be held accountable as a partner. "We are not nation-building again," he said. "We are killing terrorists." (Read more Afghanistan war stories.)


The Next Day is a stripped-down art-rock album, one riddled with scratchy guitars, synthesizers and ambient haze. At 66, Bowie certainly sounds well-worn, even gravelly at times, as on "Love Is Lost" (which is one of the album's best cuts). Another keeper is "How Does the Grass Grow?," a paranoia-powered bubbler that just might be a nod to The Move's psych-pop classic "I Can Hear the Grass Grow." The biggest sticking point is the rhythm section and how they're recorded (way too muddy). On just about every tune here they really should be louder and more aggressive in a dance-rock kind of way.


Also, if you have any suggestions for affiliate articles or tutorials you would like to see, be sure to let me know!
can I advertise on another webhosting and webmaster forum ?
Should not be a problem, as long as it is not directly affiliated with another web host, and it is within their forum rules. You would also need to check with that web hosting and webmaster forum to see if it is allowed or not.


Dr. Lori Arnesen, MD, practices Dermatology in Saint Paul, MN at Dermatology Consultants. Dr. Arnesen received her medical degree from Univ Of Mn Med Sch-Minneapolis, Minneapolis Mn 55455.
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Beautifully updated home on tranquil lot. Large family room with wood burning fireplace with barn wood wall. Over size living room and formal dining room. Recently updated kitchen new cabinets and granite counter tops. Stainless steel and glass appliances. On the second level 3 spacious bedrooms plus owners suite with bath. With updated sinks and counter tops throughout. New paint, flooring and carpet. Unfinished basement perfect for a media room or game room. Blue ribbon school district at the north edge of the county with quick access to route 4 and a direct route to Andrews Air Force Base or Washington DC. Commuter bus with in a few miles. All you have to do is move in!
I am interested in 1931 Watson Road, Owings, MD 20736.


Matthew Rittner, 35, was the third Milwaukee officer killed in the line of duty in eight months when suspect Jordan Fricke opened fire as officers served a warrant. Jennifer Aniston gets naked Margaret Cho tweet on Jennifer Aniston's blog post. Homegrown outbreaks in the U. See questions and answers. View shipping rates and policies ASIN: There was a problem completing your request.
I always believed that in a sexual act; two men only (not one) can satisfy a woman and one woman can easily satisfy two men.


Catalysis plays a central role in clean energy conversion, enabling a number of sustainable processes for future technologies. Today's catalysts, however, are inadequate. The grand challenge is to develop advanced catalysts with the enhanced performance needed to enable widespread penetration of clean energy technologies.
These two strategies are not mutually exclusive and can ideally be addressed simultaneously, leading to the greatest improvements in activity.
Below is a non-exhaustive list of sub-projects within the group. More information can be found at the SURFCAT webpage.
Hydrogen (H2) is one of the world's most important chemicals and is e.g. used for synthesizing ammonia-based fertilizers. Electrochemical water splitting coupled to renewable energy sources, e.g., wind or solar, is a potential sustainable source of H2. Platinum is the most effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst, but high cost and scarcity may inhibit its wide spread use. We have investigated several non-precious metal HER catalysts, and transition metal sulfide and phosphides have been found to exhibit good HER activity.
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the complementary half-reaction to the HER in electrochemical water splitting. Unfortunately, there are significant kinetic limitations for the OER.
Oxygen electrochemistry also plays a key role in fuel cells. Here the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a major source of efficiency limitations due to sluggish kinetics. Improving both the activity and stability of the cathode catalyst in platinum-based polymer electrolyte fuel cells is a key technical challenge for next generation sustainable-energy conversion technologies.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is produced in the anthraquinone oxidation batch process that requires multiple energy-intensive reaction steps and is not economical for small-scale operations. A direct electrochemical route to H2O2 from O2 would be advantageous for decentralized small-scale continuous production.
Reducing CO2 into chemical feedstocks and liquid energy carriers with high energy density in either an electrochemical or a thermochemical process holds a vast and untapped potential. Fossil fuels in the current energy system could be replaced with sustainably produced synthetic fuels cycle in a closed carbon cycle with no net CO2 emission.
The production of ammonia from its elements through the Haber–Bosch process has been suggested to be the most important scientific discovery in the twentieth century. Without the fertilizers produced from this single catalytic process, the worldwide food production would only be able to sustain half of the current global population. The Haber-Bosch process requires high temperature and pressure and consequently, ammonia is produced in large, centralized plants. Electrochemical ammonia synthesis provides an attractive alternative, enabling the use of renewable electricity and decentralized production.
Traditional catalyst design based on nanoparticles is subject to fundamental limitations and for a number of reactions we have no viable catalyst today. The quantum regime of single atoms will significantly change their catalytic properties as compared to their nanoparticle counterparts. Furthermore, reducing the catalyst to a single active site motif may offer the possibility to tailor the selectivity to a desired product.


Lot apparently didn't realize the power that lay within the grasp of the angels that lodged with him.
The very power of Almighty God, the God who would destroy the city on the morrow was at their disposal if they would but call.
We can confirm this in the next few verses, as the angels afflict the men with blindness.
Isn't this often like us? God's power lay within our own homes, not in angels, but His word, yet when the enemy surrounds we instead resort to sin.
Lot makes this terrible choice just three verses later. It is not so unlike the choices we may make if we forget God.


plants vs zombie full version for ipad is virus-free!
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plants vs zombie full version for ipad doesn't have any addons yet. Would you recommend any to us?


text:
What I Wish I Knew Before Graduating From College
Young Entrepreneur Council Forbes Councils Member
(Image credit: AFP/Getty Images via @daylife)
By Sarah Schupp, CEO/founder, UniversityParent.com.
With graduation right around the corner --and the popularity of Sheryl Sandberg's new book, Lean In -- many young women are trying to figure out the right career path.
I asked five of the smartest and most successful women I know what they wished someone had whispered in their ear at graduation. Here are the top themes that emerged:
You have to make your own path. And, it will be as big and as exciting as you make it. Long gone are the days where you may enter a company as a recent graduate, receive extensive training, then pursue a management track. Now, the path and the job are both up to you. More and more recent graduates are hopping from one job to the next; and many are even starting their own companies right out of school.
Shama Kabani, CEO of The Marketing Zen Group, agrees. "The number one thing I wish someone had whispered in my ear at graduation would be that the opportunities are boundless. When I graduated, I really believed there were only a handful of careers. It is only when you get into the 'real world' when you realize that there are thousands of industries and you can create your own path as long as you bring value to the table. Whether you're an entrepreneur or an employee, you must speak up and intentionally build your brand."
Only you can define your success. Shradha Agarwal is the high-energy, thoughtful Co-Founder and Chief Strategy Officer of ContextMedia, Inc., a suite of digital healthcare networks that delivers condition-specific programming at point-of-care in all 50 states. "Upon graduating, we were so determined to follow a 'Track to Success.' I wish someone had reminded me that there is no one path to success or one definition of what success even means."
Whether you're about to graduate from college, or are 15 years into your career, how do you decide when and what will determine that you're a success? I see incredibly impressive people struggle with this question all of the time. The hardest part is that it is undefined and it has to come from you. To me, success means understanding three things: what you want, why you want it and how you're going to get it.
Failing is just part of the deal. And it's okay. Our lives are so marked by milestones – like graduating from school – that often, when we miss a milestone, the disappointment can feel overwhelming. Even if you're doing all the right things, everything will not unfold as you have imagined.
Rudi's Organic Bakery and JaneKnows.com CEO Jane Miller said, "Do not feel that you have to have all the answers or a bullet-proof plan for your life. Your path will be uniquely your own and it will change as you grow as a person. Listen to those you trust who have walked ahead of you and pay attention to signs that can create opportunities. You will make great decisions and you will make bad decisions and both are important in your path!"
Learn from others. "I wish someone had told me to take full advantage of the speakers and activities on a college campus. It took until my junior year to really start taking advantage of this. I should have gone to every lecture, town hall, debate and special guest speaker that was offered at Cornell," said Heather Terenzio-McCollester, Co-Founder and CEO, Techtonic Group. The great news is that there are many opportunities to learn from others. Make an intentional effort to listen.
Carrie Dorr, Founder and Chief Concept Officer of Pure Barre, echoed Heather's sentiments, "Surround yourself with people that inspire you. You are smarter and more talented than you think you are."
While the path may seem unclear, it is discoverable. Do everything you can to learn from others so that you may define success on your terms.
Courtesy of YEC
Sarah Schupp is the CEO and founder of UniversityParent.com, the #1 site for college parents to find everything they need to help their student succeed.
Young Entrepreneur Council
The Young Entrepreneur Council (YEC) is an invite-only, fee-based organization comprised of the world's most successful young entrepreneurs 45 and younger. Questions a...


text:
Love of a Different Kind
PreviousLove Demonstrated
NextThe Ultimate Evidence of Love
'See what kind of love the Father has given to us, that we should be called children of God; and so we are.' (1 John 3:1, ESV)
In another article we noted that there are different kinds of love. This verse invites us to consider the kind of love God (the Father) has for the people to whom John is writing – love that has welcomed them into His family. It's worth noting that the phrase 'what kind of' is a translation of a Greek word which primarily means 'from what country'; so the writer is wanting to get across that this love is not culturally normal.
It's a special kind of love that opens a home to foster children and treats them in the same way as 'flesh and blood' family. That's the kind of love Helen and Nigel Dunn (Countryfile Farming Heroes 2019) have shown to some 80 children over the years; what a difference it has made for those young lives!
What we have in our verse is more than that, though. The God of heaven has made provision for those who were once His enemies, and whose lives were stained by sin, to be received into His family. If His holy character was not to be compromised, there was a price to pay – His own Son's death. God's love was such that He was willing to pay that price; John tells us further down the paragraph (v 5) that the Son of God 'appeared in order to take away sins', and that happened in His death on the cross.
This is certainly 'out of this world' love.
One question remains, though. Who are these people to whom John is writing? They are people 'who believe in the name of the Son of God' (1 John 5:13). In his Gospel, he explained that these 'believers' have 'the right to become children of God' (John 1:12). Are you one of them?