text:
You are here: Home>Topics>Census Information>Who Lived on High Street in 1881
Who Lived on High Street in 1881
Investigating the Census
Alan and Barbara Pizzey
The Cross, Bottesford. Left the wall of the school and beyond Accacia House and its stock yard. Right The Bull Innand the Coffee House
The Rutland Arms on the corner of Queen Street. Right: Accacia House
Butcher's or Jackson's Row
The Cross and Stocks with the butcher's shop and Sutton's shop beyond.
The 'Market Street' section of High Street.
High Street c. 1950 looking to the west end The single story white building on the right is the gas showroom on the corner of Albert (Back) Street mentioned above.
High Street west end. Bridge Lane is possibly Nottingham Road today. 1884 O.S. Map
The Hallam Family c. 1910. Sarah Hallam (Centre) and Frank, George, Alice, Henrieta and Harriet Hallam all appear in this photograph.t
:House built for John Brewitt around 1850 close to the site of the Toll Gate.
No 16 ~ Uninhabited: This may not be the No. 16 of the 1881 census.
This gabled house with the tall chimneys was at one time occupied by Dr. Wright and may have been no. 12 High Street on the 1881 census.
John Parnham (1856 -1908) Professional Cricketer.
Map of 1848 showing 'The Runnel' on High Street
Flooding on High St/Nottingham Road c. 1900
From the collection of the late Mrs. Dorothy Beedham
Richard Kettleborrow 1890 in the uniform of the Belvoir Volunteers
Mr. Willian Sutton
Standley's or Richards' Yard off High Street, now demolished
Vincent's or Acacia House, still standing today but obscured by trees
The Cross with the butcher's and right John Sutton's shop
A clock by James Lewty still owned by a Bottesford resident.
Kelly's Directory 1888
High Street Shops c. 1930. In the 1880s the Post Office was one of these shops.
Daybell's Farmhouse and barn c. 1980
Behind the cross on the left, the butcher's shop, now a two story building, but still a butcher's. On the right John Sutton's shop
Left: Mr Daniel daybell. Above:Daybell's Farm today
Numbers 1 to 5 High Street 1881 are now on Grantham Road
The Schoolhouse today.
High Street Bottesford 1884 OS Map
Bottesford High Street - from The Chestnuts to Market Place
This paper has been researched from the Census of 1881, with further information derived from the Censuses of 1871 and 1891. Although house numbers were given as part of the address in 1881, it is unlikely that these correspond to numbers in 2008, partly by reason of the premises demolished and replaced by "infilling" over the last 127 years, and perhaps because in 1881 the postal system of odd and even numbers on opposite sides of the road had not been adopted. Evidence suggests that the same numbering system was not used in 1881 and 1891, whilst in 1871 house numbers were not recorded in the census. In 1881 fifty-five High Street addresses were recorded, but in 1891 there were only forty-six. Nine addresses described in 1891 as "near the Rutland Arms Inn" may account for this difference.
The map above is part of an Ordnance Survey sheet in the scale 1: 2500, printed in 1884, and representing parts of Bottesford and Easthorpe.
Some buildings can be clearly identified e.g. Acacia House and the barn north of it, and next to that the School [built in 1855 and extended in 1878] as well as The Bull and the Coffee House [1880] and The Rutland Arms at the junction of Queen Street and High Street.
The Census of 1881 however clearly records "Albert Street", which is shown on the map as "Back Street". The map shows a building on the corner of Back Street [the site of the old Gas Showrooms 60 years ago] which is today an open grassed area.
It is difficult to co-ordinate the house numbers in the census with the buildings shown on the map. On the south side of the High Street a row of ten cottages [now demolished] are shown on the map as 'Jackson's Row', but the census does not use this name, giving High Street numbers to these residences. These houses were known later in Bottesford as 'Butcher's Row' - they can clearly be seen on this photograph from the collection of Mrs Beedham. The residence of the Sutton family, given the High Street number of 46 in the census, can just be seen on the left of the picture, and on the map, at the end of Jackson's Row by the large figure 5. It was a Grocers' shop.
The building now known as 'The Thatch' can be identified on the map in a small enclosure of its own, but the word 'Chapel' refers to a building, now a residence, which is accessed from Albert Street. Walnut Farm on the opposite side of the High Street is shown on the map with its elongated stable block and small separate barn. The pump shown in the garden is still in existence.
The letters 'P' and 'W' may indicate a pump or a well, and in some houses the small privy is shown at the bottom of the garden e.g. Chestnut Farm [No 319]. The fact that the fields are numbered suggests that the map may have been produced for a particular client e.g. a Trust owning part of the land, and using information from a survey made before 1884. The letters 'BM' may stand for benchmark, shown by a broad arrow mark, with heights above sea level shown along the High Street [from 100 feet down to 95 feet].
Co-ordination with the present day
This research has been further complicated by reason of a different definition of the High Street in 1881 from 2008. Market Street today starts at the end of Belvoir Road and runs north to Chapel Street, with Grantham Road branching to the east at The Cross. In 1881 Acacia House and the two shops at The Cross had separate entries in the census, but then in the Easthorpe section of the census further residences in the " High Street" – numbered 1-6 – are shown. What was then considered as the High Street seems to extend eastwards to the School House on its north side, and also include Daybells Farm on its south side. A licensed victualler shown at 6 Market Street [perhaps The Bull] suggests that Bottesford had a small separate part to the High Street extending eastwards from The Cross. In this research Acacia House and the two shops at The Cross have been included as well as the six houses in the eastern section of the High Street. By 1891 these houses, still occupied by the same families named Lewty, Geeson, Birch and Dent, were considered as part of Grantham Road. On the map (see page 1) the name 'Market Place' is used to denote this section of the High Street.
The purpose of this research is to review Victorian society in Bottesford in the 1880's as represented by those who dwelt in the High Street. Perhaps the High Street is not a typical cross section of society as many members of the working classes lived in small premises built in "yards" back from the High Street – for example Marriotts Yard, Wrights Yard, Richards Yard – and The Green. Normanton, Easthorpe, and Muston on the edge of the village were also centres of agriculture with farmers and labourers a significant element of their population.
Aspects of society evidenced by the census include how families lived together, what lodgers or domestic servants formed part of their households, and how they derived an income to support family life. It is also possible to see where inhabitants originally came from, if they were not born in Bottesford, and by comparison with the censuses of 1871 and 1891 to comment on how long families stayed in one residence. This analysis uses the raw data to catch a glimpse of the story of some families as it unfolds over the years. The term "cottager" is used as an occupation as opposed to "agricultural labourer" or "farmer". This implies a person who rented or perhaps owned a few acres as a small holding and worked for himself as well as local farmers.
Picture the High Street in 1881 with the "Coffee House" just established and the newly built school extension [1878] at the east end. The Rundle had been an open drain running along High Street, but by 1881 it seems to have been covered. Although the village had a gas works, there was as yet no running water, and the night soil cart came once a week to remove sewage. It was possible to divert water from the River Devon at Easthorpe from time to time to flow along the Rundle and flush out that water course.
The Census does not record tenure of property but it is likely that many more houses were rented rather than owned in 1881 than is the case today. There were 25 Heads of Household in 1881 who were not shown as living in the High Street in 1891. A check in the Gravestone Index [GI] completes the story of some of these residents.
No 1 ~ John Leatherland of Barnston aged 58 years and his wife Jane, aged 49 years who was born in Bottesford. His occupation is given as "Fancy Repository and Cottager".
In 1891 John & Jane were living at 4 Bridge Lane.
The Card Index of Land Holdings for 1894 shows John Leatherland with a house and garden in Pinfold Lane, and 6 acres of land at The Railway Approach, whilst William Leatherland owns a house in the High Street [not numbered]
No 2 ~ George Fisher of Thurlby aged 61 years a Cottager living alone, - he died in 1899 aged 82 years and his grave is registered as plot 1036 in the Gravestone Index. His wife and daughter both predeceased him in 1851 and 1871.
No 3 ~ James Moore of Nottingham aged 41 years, an Organist and Music Teacher, his wife Mary aged 33 years and their son Handel, aged 2 years. Also present were Eveline Locke, a step-daughter aged 6 years, and William Locke, a step-son aged 7 years. This family is recorded as living at No 25 in 1891 with James as a widower, Handel an errand boy aged 12 years, and William Locke as a hotel waiter aged 17 years. There is no mention of Eveline, but there is a son Herbert, aged 7 years. They had a 59 year old housekeeper, Frances Deacon to look after them in 1891.
James died in 1914 aged 75 years after 48 years service as organist to the Church. His grave is plot 768 in the GI. He is said to have been partially sighted.
No 4 ~ Francis Brook of Macclesfield aged 54 years, a widower of independent means, living with his son Leonard aged 17 years, an insurance clerk and daughter Rose aged 15 years, who was at school. In 1891 Francis is recorded living at No 4 with his daughter Rose, and Elizabeth Handley, a 14 year old domestic servant.
No 5 ~ The Hallam Family Francis of Bottesford aged 46 years, a railway labourer and cottager, living with his wife Sarah from Nottingham aged 40 years, their sons George and Arthur, aged 16 and 13 years, both farm servants, and four other children Annie, Frank, Herbert and William aged from 8 to 2 years. The 1891 census shows this family living at No 23 High Street. Francis no longer works for the railway, but Annie, now 18 years, is a domestic servant, Frank aged 16 is a farm servant, and William aged 11 is a footman. Three more daughters have been added to the family [Alice and Henrietta both aged 9 years – twins? and Harriet aged 2 years despite the mother now being 50 years old]. Sons George and Arthur were not living at home. Five of the family appear in the photograph below, taken about 30 years later.
It is interesting to note that the Moores and the Hallams appear to live next door but one to each other in 1881 and 1891 – this suggests a different method of house numbering was used in these consecutive censuses.
No 6 ~ Mary Watts of Bottesford aged 77 years, a widow and an annuitant. She lived with her son Robert aged 38 years, an agricultural labourer and grandson John Breffitt, born in Nottingham aged 9 years. This entry was given as No 7 in the census but there were two entries for No 7.
No 7 ~ Samuel Holmes of Bottesford aged 41 years, an agricultural labourer, his wife Mary aged 42 years, his father Thomas aged 73 years [also an agricultural labourer] and his mother June, aged 66 years.
No 8 ~ John Garner birthplace unknown, aged 60 years, a cottager with 12 acres, his sister Anne Cartwright aged 55 years, and her husband Frederick aged 60 years, a hosier's warehouseman.
In 1891 John is recorded as living at No 21 with two boarders, Alice and Annie Richards aged 29 and 32 years.
No 9 ~ John Wheat of Gosberton aged 69 years, a retired grocer and draper, his wife Emma aged 72 years of Bottesford and their daughter Mary aged 27 years, a teacher. Emma died in 1888 and John in 1899 - they are buried together in plot 544, recorded in the GI.
No 10 ~ No entry for this address
No 11 ~ Robert Vincent of Harlaxton aged 27 years, a farmer with 321 acres employing 4 men and 3 boys. His wife Emily of Bottesford aged 22 years and their daughter Florence, just born, also lived here. They had a kitchen maid, Charlotte Robinson aged 17 years, and a house maid, Sarah Pell aged 15 years living in. Is this family related to Francis Vincent in Acacia House?
The 1891 census records Robert as a corn merchant, living with his wife Emily at No 12 High Street together with Florence, Emsie aged 9 years, Thomas aged 7 years, Eric aged 4 years, Marjorie aged 2 years and Kathrine aged 5 months. There were 2 general servants, Mary Kirton from Muston aged 22 years and Elizabeth Curtis from Huttoft aged 19 years, and a charwoman, Sarah Bailey from Screveton aged 65 years.
Between 1881 and 1891 this increased family may have changed houses with the Wrights next door, but perhaps the numbering system or a clerical mistake may have caused this discrepancy.
No 12 ~ Dr James Wright of East Bridgeford aged 57 years, a GP, his wife Anne from Scarrington aged 48 years, and their sons William aged 24, an architect and surveyor, and Frank aged 17 years, a medical student. Also at this address were Walter Llewellyn from London aged 25 years, assistant to the GP, Anne Abbott from Peterborough, aged 21 years, a cook, and Emma Bagguley from Bennington aged 16, a housemaid.
The 1891 census records James Wright and his wife living at No 11 High Street with Frank their son, who is now a GP. They had one domestic servant Martha Geeson from Knipton, aged 31 years. The change of address may be due to a different numbering system – see above.
No 13 ~ Uninhabited.
No 14 ~ William Brewitt of London aged 73 years, a yeoman [smallholder?], his wife Ann of Deal aged 75 years, their daughter Elisabeth of Shoreditch aged 40 years and grand daughter Emily Jane aged 22 years born in Bottesford.
In 1861 William [then described as a bookbinder] Ann and Elisabeth [then aged 21] were recorded as living in the High Street, but there is no house number given for this census. Emily Jane is not mentioned, and may be the daughter of a child other than Elizabeth. Ann died in 1881 and William in 1888 - they are shown buried together in plot 536 in the GI.
In 1891 Elisabeth Brewitt of London aged 50 years was shown as living at No 1 High Street, on her own means and had Robert Hilson, a railway signalman, his wife Emily, and three young children living at the address as boarders. Elizabeth died aged 78 years in 1918 and is buried near her parents in GI plot 538 .
No 15 ~ William Walker of Bottesford aged 45 years, a surgeon, his wife Mary from Ireland aged 42 years and Susannah Bick of Welby aged 18 years, their servant. In 1891 The Walkers are shown living at No 2 High Street, still next door to Elisabeth Brewitt – this does suggest a different numbering system for these two censuses rather than these two families moving up and down the High Street.
They had 2 domestic servants, and Arthur Goodson of Bottesford, aged 26 years, a solicitor, their stepson, was also in residence.
No 16 ~ Uninhabited
No 17 ~ John Thompson of Bathley aged 33 years, a groom and gardener, his wife Ann of Aslockton aged 36 years and three children Wright, Fred, and Rebecca aged 12, 7, and 3. In 1891 John and Ann are recorded as living at No 5 but John's birthplace is shown as Muskham and their three children are not mentioned.
No 18 ~ George Rose of Bottesford aged 71 years, a cordwainer [leather-worker] and his wife Elisabeth aged 68 years. Elizabeth died in 1888 and George in 1889. They are shown in the GI as buried together in Plot 163.
No 19 ~ Catherine Straw of Bottesford aged 83 years, an annuitant and a widow.
Ann Cragg of Stoke is also shown living there, an 80 year old annuitant and widow, but head of a separate household.
No 20 ~ James Turtle of Marnham aged 26 years, an agricultural labourer, his wife Sarah from Bottesford aged 26 years, and their son John aged 1 year.
No 21 ~ Daniel Gilding of Bottesford aged 29 years, a bricklayers labourer, his wife Mary aged 26 years, their daughter Kate aged 3 years and son Tom aged 1 year. In 1891 Daniel is recorded as living at No 9, with children William 9, Mary 6, John 4, and Frank 1 year but Kate and Tom are not recorded.
No 22 ~ Thomas Blackburn of Hougham aged 45 years, a carrier [carter?] his wife Elisabeth of Carlton Scroop aged 44 years, their son David aged 7 years and daughter Hannah aged 4 years.
In 1891 Thomas and Elisabeth are recorded as living at No 10 High Street, their name is spelt slightly differently, Thomas has become a coal merchant, David is no longer at home, but Hannah aged 14 is at school.
The Card Index of Land Holding for 1894 shows Thomas Blackbourne as the tenant of a house and croft in the High Street [no number] – the property belonged to Ann Lovitt.
No 23 ~ Ann Mills of Bottesford aged 66 years a bricklayers widow, with son Thomas aged 26 years, a joiner and his wife Mary from Granby aged 24 years. In 1891 Ann is recorded as living at No 14 [Miller ?] " on her own means", with her son in law Henry Challands aged 32 years, a bricklayer, and her daughter Alice Challands aged 32 years, a dressmaker.
No 24 ~ Sarah White of Bottesford aged 83 years, an annuitant and widow, and her general servant Harriet Miller aged 19 years. Sarah is recorded in the GI as deceased in 1884 and buried in plot 92.
No 25 ~ Williams Mills of Bottesford aged 38 years, a bricklayer, his wife Annie aged 37 years, their son Arthur aged 12 and daughter Alice A Mills aged 7 years. In 1891 William and Annie are recorded as living at No 16 High Street, and Alice has become a dressmaker [perhaps working with Alice Challands, born Mills, at no 23]. Bricklaying and dressmaking seem to be the sources of income of the extended Mills family.
No 26 ~ Henry Branston of Bottesford aged 50 years, an agricultural labourer, his wife Fanny from Bottesford aged 53 years and their son William aged 23, a railway platelayer.
No 27 ~ John Parnham of Whatton aged 59 years, a cattle dealer, his wife Ellen of Haceby aged 64 years, son Joseph aged 31 years [occupation unknown], and son John aged 26 years a professional cricketer. Their daughter Sarah aged 22 years and Lucy Page of Bottesford aged 4, their granddaughter, also lived there. In 1891 John and Ellen were recorded as living at No 17 High Street, but John is described as a cottager and his son Joseph as a cottager's son. In 1871 a family of Parnhams all of Bottesford are shown living in the High Street, but no number is given for the house. The father, Richard, aged 34, an agricultural labourer, and his wife, Mary, aged 35, had 5 children, William aged 9, George aged 7, Eliza aged 4, Frederic aged 2 and Rebecca aged 6 months - but by 1881 this family had moved on to live at 25 Normanton Road.
No 28 ~ John Lamb of Bottesford aged 84 years, a gardener
No 29 ~ William Reynolds of Barrowby aged 60 years, a joiner, his wife Jane from Bottesford aged 55, with their son Thomas aged 22, an agricultural labourer, Willie aged 19, and Israel aged 16, both general labourers and daughters Jane aged 15 and Charlotte aged 10, a farm servant. Also in residence was Rhoda Reynolds, a 2 year old granddaughter from Nottingham. In 1891 William and daughter Charlotte are recorded as living at No 29 under the name Reylands.
No 30 ~ Susan Richards of Kingscliffe, Northants, aged 48 a nurse and four daughters, Anne aged 23 a nurse, Alice aged 20 a dressmaker, Mary aged 18 and Rose of Newark, just born. In 1891 Alice and Annie are recorded as living at No 21 as boarders with John Garner. A check in the GI at plot 736 shows Joseph Richards who died aged 33 years in 1864 buried with his wife Susannah, who died in 1886 aged 49 years – this may not be same person as Susan Richards owing to a discrepancy in the age at death but the accuracy of the age given in the census may itself be in error.
No 32 ~ Edward White of Worksop aged 45 years, a druggist and grocer, his wife Emma of Sudbrook aged 39, and five children – John aged 5, Louisa aged 4, Constance aged 3, Lancelot aged 1 and Octavius, just born. Mary Gibson of Bottesford, aged 16, lived in as a general servant. In 1891 the Whites are recorded as living at No 43, but son John is not mentioned, and they have no servant.
No 33 ~ Charity Kettleborrow of Wiston, Yorkshire, aged 49 years, a farmer with 100 acres employing two labourers and a boy. In residence were her daughters, Sarah, born in Barton le Willows, aged 18, and Ada, born in Thornton le Clay, aged 16.
At the same address were Samuel Taylor of Horbling, aged 57 years, a farm bailiff, William Lilley of Woolsthorpe, aged 27, a farm servant, Frances Robinson, aged 21, a general servant, and Daniel Robinson, aged 13 years, a farm servant, both of Bottesford.
In 1891 Charity is recorded as living at No 42 with her son Richard of Thornton le Clay aged 23 years, farmer, and one domestic servant. The Card Index for Land Holdings for 1894 shows Richard as owning 117 acres of land at Barkestone Lane, a house on the High Street [no number] and another on The Green, rented to William Billingslane.
No 34 ~ Robert Hudson of Boston aged 63 years, a tailor, his wife Catherine, of Branston aged 53, and Annie Caunt of Branston aged 13 years [a step-daughter ?]. Their lodgers are Catherine Smith, aged 48 and James Smith, aged 42, a machine fitter both of Cambridge.
No 35 ~ Robert Lamb of Woolsthorpe, aged 37 years, a bricklayer, his wife, Ann, from Corby, aged 35, and daughter, Sarah, born in Woolsthorpe, aged 10. Sarah's age implies that this family have moved to Bottesford in the last 10 years. In 1891 Robert and his daughter Sarah are recorded as living at No 40 but Ann is not mentioned.
No 36 ~ Francis Bust of Bottesford, aged 54 years, and his sons John, aged 23, Thomas, aged 17 – all agricultural labourers.
No 37 ~ William Kirk of Bottesford, aged 37 years, a railway labourer, his wife Sarah, aged 34, son Henry, aged 7, and daughters, Alice aged 11, Ellen, aged 5, and Grace, aged 2 years.
No 38 ~ John Chattell of Leighton, Huntingdon, aged 33 years, a railway porter, his wife, Elisabeth, also of Leighton, aged 30, and sons, Arthur, aged 9, born in Northampton, and Charles, aged 3, born in Normanton Yorkshire, and daughters, Elisabeth, aged 12, born in Leighton, Mary, 11 and Martha 7, born in Northampton, Lizzie, aged 5, born in Normanton, Yorkshire, and Alice, not yet 1 year, born in Bottesford. The family appears to move about as required by the railway.
No 39 ~ John Hide of Burgh, Lincs, aged 24, a railway signalman, his wife Sarah, of Coton in Derbyshire, aged 25, their son John, aged 1 year, born in Coton. Also living with the family, Ann Brown, of Coton, aged 9 years, a sister to Sarah.
No 40 ~ Robert Tinkler of Woolsthorpe, aged 28 years, an engine driver, his wife Eliza, of Muston, aged 25, and sons John, aged 4 and Samuel, aged 1. Robert's brother, Samue,l aged 24, an agricultural labourer, also lived with this family.
No 41 – Francis Miller of Bottesford, aged 54 years, a plumber and glazier and his wife Ann, aged 54. In 1891 Francis and Ann are recorded living at No 13 with their 31 year-old dressmaker daughter, Elizabeth, born in Bottesford.
#pic15
No 42 ~ James North of Muston, aged 32 years, an agricultural labourer, his wife Sarah from Elston, aged 32 and four sons, William, aged 6, Fred, 3, George, 2, and Thomas, not yet one year old.
No 43 ~ Samuel Edwards of Holdingham Lincs, aged 65 years, a tile maker and burner, with his daughter and housekeeper, Millicent Edwards of Welingore Lincs, aged 23 years, and William Edwards, his grandson, aged 14 years, also of Welingore, a farm labourer. Samuels' wife, Ann, had died in 1880 and William died in 1890.They are recorded in the GI as buried together in plot 612.
No 44 ~ Ellen Robinson of Redmile, aged 52 years, a charwoman and her lodger, James Knowles, of Bottesford, aged 49, a railway labourer.
No 45 ~ John Winn of Bottesford, aged 56 years, a bricklayer, his wife Ann aged 55, and their sons Robert aged 20 an agricultural labourer, and Barker, aged 13, a farmer's boy. In 1891 John and Ann are recorded as living at No 30 but only son Robert is living with them.
No 46 ~ William Sutton of Bottesford, aged 47 years, a grocer, (shown right in later life) and his wife, Eliza, of Woolsthorpe aged 36, with their nephew Philip aged 14, and Robert Rawdin aged 7, a visitor, both from Bottesford and at school. In 1891 William and Eliza are recorded as living at No 29 High Street, with their children, John aged 6, Philip aged 4, June aged 3, and Ann aged 1 year. Their nephew, Philip Sutton, still lives with them – he is 24 years old, unmarried and a butcher's assistant.
We know William Sutton, shown above c. 1910, lived in the house at the Eastern end of Jackson's/Butcher's Row, so it seems probable that the preceding households were those in Jackson's Row.
No 47 ~ Francis Shaw of Burton on the Wolds aged 62 years, a shoemaker. He is a widower. In 1891 Francis is recorded as living at No 28.
No 48 ~ Hannah Pickering of Bottesford, aged 64 years, a spinster, described as "post mistress, ironmonger and glazier". Her brother Thomas, aged 59, an ironmonger and letter carrier, also lived at No 48. Sister Rebecca Lamb of Bottesford, aged 62 and her husband Josiah, aged 63, a retired farmer are part of this household, together with Mary Emerson of Grantham, aged 19, a servant. A friend, Mary Nixon of Barnsley, aged 51, acts as an assistant housekeeper. By 1891 Josiah, Rebecca and Thomas are recorded as living at "No 2 near The Rutland Arms". Hannah died in 1885 and Thomas in 1893. They are recorded in the GI as buried with their parents in plots 116 and 117.
In 1891 "at No 3 near The Rutland Arms" [the Post Office] Ebenezer Parks of Knipton aged 31 years is post master and ironmonger. He lives with his wife Amelia of Croxton, aged 34, and three children, Amelia 3, Frank 2, and Leonard 1 year. Mary Goodacre and Harriet Goodacre, the widowed mother-in-law and sister-in–law, are also in residence at the post office.
No 49 ~ George Sherwin of Bottesford, aged 47 years, an innkeeper [is this the building that is now known as The Rutland Arms?], his wife Fanny of Sheen, Staffs, aged 48, their son Edwin, aged 21, a baker, and daughter Lucy, aged 11 years.
Also on the premises were two lodgers – Thomas Case of Gainsborough, aged 35, a horse man, and Charles Yeoland, of Helmswell aged 23, a horse dealer. Lucy Watson of Welby, aged 16, was a general servant.
In 1891 The Rutland Arms is shown separately in the census. George, Fanny and Lucy are still in residence but Edwin has left home. This family has been joined by a son, George, aged 29 years, an ironmonger, and daughter Fanny, aged 26, a barmaid, and grand-daughter Gertrude Sherwin, aged 6 years.
George died in 1902 and Fanny in 1914. They are recorded in the GI as buried side by side in plots 407 and 408.
No 50 ~ William Parr of Roxholme, Lincs, aged 32 years, a railway signalman, his wife Elenor aged 30, of Redmile, their son John aged 3, and daughter Frances aged 5, both born at Lincoln, and daughter Florence, not yet one year old.
No 51 ~ Ann Jarvis of Bottesford, aged 65 years, a school mistress.
As a separate household at No 51 was Joseph Martin of Bottesford, aged 40 years, a baker and confectioner, his wife Elisabeth from Derbyshire, aged 39 , their sons, William, aged 15, Alfred, aged 13, and daughter Mary, aged 11 - all three children were born in Nottinghamshire.
[No 53 – no mention of this address in the census]
No 54 ~ Thomas Page of Barkestone, aged 45 years, a farmer [with 53 acres employing 3 labourers and 3 boys ], and his daughter Sarah of Ingoldsby, aged 21, as housekeeper.
Acacia House ~ still standing today at the eastern end of the High Street, was given individual treatment in the census of 1881. The residents were Francis Vincent of Bottesford, aged 72 years, a retired farmer, his wife Caroline from Nottinghamshire, aged 61, and Mary Featherstone of Sproxton, aged 24, a dairy maid and Eliza Leake of Ancaster, aged 24, a housemaid. Perhaps a younger part of the Vincent family were living at No 11 High Street.
In 1891 this property is known as Vincent's House and Francis and Caroline are still there with daughter Rebecca of Scarrington, aged 27 years, plus two visitors and two servants.
The Easthorpe part of the census shows 6 further properties in the High Street, numbered 1-6, which we will refer to as the 'East end residents'. There were also two shops at The Cross.
In 1891 these shops were recorded as 14 and 15 Market Street, and the six High Street properties are recorded as numbers 1 to 5 and 7 Grantham Road, but not in the Easthorpe section of the census. The property recorded in 1891 as No 6 The High Street is the Red Lion, [landlord Francis James] which was recorded in 1881 as No 8 Church Street - perhaps at this time the main entrance to this establishment was in Church Street - this building can just be identified on the edge of the map on page 1. There was a smithy in what is now the car park, and a pump in the back garden.
No 1 The Cross ~ John Fryer of Langford Notts, aged 42 years, a butcher, his wife Margaret of Sturton, Lincs, aged 50, their children Elmer and Annie, aged 8 and 6 years, born in Bottesford and Kate Watson of Sturton, aged 26, a niece. By 1891 Elmer had left home, and Annie was at school.
The address is given as 14 Market Street.
No 2 The Cross ~ John Sutton of Bottesford aged 57 years, a grocer and cottager, his wife Sarah of Cropwell, aged 54, their daughter Mary, aged 17, and son, John, aged 12, both of Bottesford. There was no change in 1891 except that John and Mary are recorded as grocers assistants, and the address has changed to 15 Market Street
No 1 High Street ~ James Lewty of Nottinghamshire, known as "Ticky" Lewty, aged 58 years, a watchmaker, his wife Frances of Redmile, aged 56, and their daughter Elvira of Bottesford, aged 17 years, a dressmaker.
In 1891 only James and his daughter named Elen, aged 27, are in residence, and the address is No 1 Grantham Road.
No 2 High Street ~ James Geeson of Redmile, aged 31 years, an agricultural labourer, his wife Eliza of Muston, aged 30, with Sarah Birch of Leeds, aged 49, a visitor, and Sarah Challands, aged 18 of Muston, a cousin and a dressmaker. By 1891 James aged 8, and Agnes aged 4 years, had been born, and Sarah Birch and Sarah Challands had moved on. They are replaced in the household by Sarah Stevenson, a widowed sister from Redmile, aged 55, and 3 boarders, George Geeson of Bottesford aged 51, Arthur Hotchin of Grantham aged 21 [a grocers assistant], and surprisingly Gertrude Whitehead of Bottesford aged 3 years.
No 3 High Street ~ Charles Birch of Muston, aged 55 years, a chimney sweep, his son Edward, aged 23, an invalided soldier, and daughters Eliza, Alice, and Harriet aged 17, 7 and 6 years, and son in law, John Knowles of Easthorpe, aged 23 years, a railway labourer. In 1891 Charles is in residence but now with his wife Sarah, aged 62 and Ann Norris of Bottesford, aged 91 years, a lodger.
No 4 High Street ~ Thomas Dent of Bottesford aged 22 years, a railway platelayer, his wife Susannah from Muskham, Lincs, aged 21, their daughter Mary, not yet one, and a boarder, Alfred Lee of Bottesford aged 42, a tailor. In 1891 the boarder has been replaced by three daughters, Sarah, aged 7, Ellen 5, and Maria 3, but there is no mention of Mary who would have been 11 years old.
No 5 High Street ~ Daniel Daybell of Bottesford, aged 40 years, a farmer with 160 acres employing 2 labourers and 2 boys, his wife Elisabeth of Grantham, aged 38, and their children, all born in Bottesford, Daniel aged 12, Mary aged 9, Annie aged 7, Herbert aged 5, and Minnie, 2 years. Phillip Gaitskell, aged 15, a visitor from London and a scholar was in residence, as was Sarah Palmer of Navenby, aged 18, a domestic servant. In 1891 there is no mention of daughter Mary, but another daughter Eveline, has been born in 1887, and a niece, Dorothy Draper, aged 6, from Manchester has joined the family. Phillip and Sarah have moved on and a male servant, William Linsey, aged 22 from Alnwick, Lincs is in residence.
No 6 High Street ~ William Marston of Cundale, Yorks aged 30 years, a school master, his wife Eliza of Ripon, aged 28, their sons George and Charles, aged 6 and 4 years, both born in Bottesford and daughter Minnie, aged 7, born in Hale, Lincs. Ann Walker of Kirkby, Yorks, aged 65, the mother in law, acted as housekeeper. This may well have been the School House now a private residence on Grantham Road.
In 1891 the family was recorded as living at No 7 Grantham Road, the only changes being the birth of a daughter Gertrude, aged 9 and a son William, aged 5 years. Wife Eliza is described as a schoolmistress at this time.
In 1881 the oldest inhabitant in the village was William Clifton aged 89 years, an annuitant living in the Rutland Hospital. There were only 93 inhabitants aged 70 years or more out of a total recorded population of 1,640 living in Bottesford, Easthorpe, Muston, and Normanton - 6%.
1. Uninhabited Properties Out of a total of 63 addresses in the High Street six were shown as uninhabited. The Census of 1891 records no uninhabited properties.
2. Women In the Census wives appear not to be employed and it is assumed that they acted as housekeepers to the family. It might be that the census did not collect this information, as the space for occupation of the wife is always blank whilst the occupation of sisters, daughters, and mothers in law is shown e.g. dressmaker or housekeeper.
The size of families appears larger than is the norm today – some had 4, 5 or 6 children [7 at No 38] and at the date of the census these families may not have been complete. Some wives continued bearing children late into life, e.g. Sarah Hallam at No 45 at the age of 48 years and Emma Wheat at No 9 had her daughter when she was 45 years old.
Many wives were older than their husbands. Out of 40 married couples in the High Street, 9 wives were older than their husbands.
There are several examples of elderly ladies living alone, together, or with a servant and described as "an annuitant".
Many young women found "living in" employment as domestic servants. Three families in the High Street, a Doctor and two Farmers employed two servants each and seven other addresses had one servant each – a total of 13 domestic servants in 55 properties.
3. How did people earn a living? There was a wide range of occupations amongst the residents of the High Street. 28 men were in agriculture as farmers, labourers, or cottagers; 9 worked for the railway, and 7 more were in the building trade. Six young children between the ages of 12 and 14 years are shown as in employment e.g. farm or domestic servant
There is no certainty from the census that a shop existed at any address but the occupations given suggest the following as shop keepers.
No 1 Fancy Repository [ what does this mean ?]
No 32 Druggist and Grocer
No 34 Tailor – this might have been a workroom rather than a shop
No 46 Grocer - there was considerable competition in the grocery trade with small shops at The Cross and in Church Street, Market Street, Chapel Street, and Queen Street.
No 47 Shoemaker - with competition from a boot maker on The Green, and a shoemaker in Queen Street. There were also 2 cordwainers or leather workers in the village, and a saddler in Queen Street.
No 48 The Post Office - combined with an ironmonger and glazier.
No49 Inn Keeper - this could be what is now The Rutland Arms
No 51 Baker and Confectioner - the son of the inn keeper at No 49 was a baker and may have worked here. There was another baker in Queen Street. It should be noted that in 1881 many housewives would knead their own dough and take it to a neighbours house which had a bread oven, for baking when the oven was in use.
Among the 'east end residents' No 1 – a watchmaker, would probably have had his workroom at his residence.
There were two shops at The Cross – No 1 a butcher and No 2 a grocer.
At numbers 23 and 25 High Street the ladies of the Mills family seemed to have a thriving dress making business, whilst at the east end the 17 year old girls in numbers 1and 2 may have worked together.
Dr James Wright lived at number 12 with Walter Llewellyn as his assistant, this would seem to be one of the two medical practices in the village. By 1891 his son [Frank] appears to have followed him into the practice
The census shows a wide range of occupations amongst the residents of the High Street including:
Insurance Clerk Architect & Surveyor School Mistress
Carter Tailor Plumber & Glazier
Tile Maker & Burner Shoemaker Organist & Music Teacher
Hosier's Warehouseman Surgeon Groom & Gardener
Charwoman Professional Cricketer Chimney Sweep
Schoolmaster
At No 49, the inn, there were 2 lodgers whose occupations were "horseman" and "horsedealer".
4. Annuitants Retired persons living on their savings and possibly a pension were often described in the census as annuitants. There were five such persons in the High Street in 1881. There was an invalided soldier aged 23, perhaps on a pension at No 3 at the east end.
5. Families living together in one house Although there were 4 elderly people living alone , there were also examples of a brother or sister living within the family of their relations. Sometimes a husband and wife would look after elderly parents e.g. No 7. Some families seemed to give shelter to a step daughter or nephew, or a grandchild e.g. Nos 6,29,39,43,and 46.
At No 48 the post mistress was head of the household but her brother acted as "letter deliverer" and her sister and brother in law also lived in and perhaps helped with the ironmongery business.
6. Movement of the residents in the High Street Analysis of the birth place of the heads of each household shows that a considerable number of residents were local to Bottesford. In nine families both husband and wife were born in Bottesford and in ten others the husband or wife from Bottesford had brought in a partner from a neighbouring village. There were nine single people from Bottesford living in the High Street. However, six Bottesford men had chosen to marry partners who lived some distance from the village [one from Dublin] but only one Bottesford wife had a husband born some distance away.
There is also evidence of people migrating to live in Bottesford e.g. fifteen couples had moved into Bottesford from farther away than the local villages and seven single people came from outside the area. These last two groups contained residents who were traders, or railway workers.
Thanks Kate. Although not being born untill 1936 the wonderful pictorial memories you have brought back of Bottesford (as I remember it) is fantastic.
By G.Bolland (19/11/2011)
I'm glad you enjoyed this article, though the credit for the research should go to Alan and Barbara, I only added the pictures. I hope you're going to add to your family history soon.
By Kate Pugh (22/11/2011)
Mrs Pat Finn has kindly sent in the following comment: "Enjoyed seeing photo of School House, Bottesford, and reading about my greatgrandfather, William Marston. I believe his daughter Minnie married a farmer by the name of Norris. In 1891 the family were living in the Red Lion Inn, no. 7. Grantham Road. I think members of the family still live in Bottesford." She added, by email, that "The 1891 census had the family living at the Red Lion Inn. William did his schoolmaster in training at Lord Mayors Walk Training College at St.Maurice, York in 1871." Further information about the family would be very welcome. Neil Fortey (editor)
Bottesford Census 2001
The 1841 Census for Bottesford, Easthorpe, Muston and Normanton
The 1911 Census
The Victorian Censuses of Bottesford and Muston
Who Lived in Church Street in 1901?
Who Lived in Muston in 1851?
Who Lived on The Green in 1901?


text:
Q: Pinterest style columns in one pass? I have an array of images and I'd like to iterate against it once to display 3 columns. Ideally I'd like to have a Bootstrap col-xs-4 style on each element so that the column wraps to the next column or the next row ... but this approach doesn't work correctly.
If I have 5 images of different heights, the first 3 work out perfectly ... at image 4 I have a vertical spacing issue. You can see this what I mean at this JSFiddle link -
Can I correct this? If I re-construct my array into 3, I can place each images within a col-xs-4 group, column by column, and there are no vertical spaces, but this is inefficient.
In other words ...

//for-loop here

//for-loop here

//for-loop here

The above works fine, but again, is inefficient as I have to slice my array ... a lot. I'm trying to optimize code to not have to do this.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The seventh annual Museum Rocks! Gem & Mineral Show is coming to the Farm & Ranch Heritage Museum on Saturday and Sunday, February 23- 24, bringing a wide array of fossils, minerals, meteorites, gems, jewelry and more to Las Cruces.
A long-time regional favorite, the gem and mineral show is a great value for the entire family. Admission to the Museum Rock! Gem & Mineral Show includes a visit the entire Farm & Ranch Heritage museum, as well as all the displays and exhibits featuring a range of various cut and uncut gemstones from around the world, finished and unfinished stones.
Vendors will display and sell all varieties gems, minerals, and jewelry and jewelry-making supplies. Exhibitors are coming from as far away as Arizona, California, Oregon, Texas, and even Australia.
Young geologists and paleontologists will thrill at the opportunity to see evidence of prehistoric life and natural processes. There will be rocks available to purchase, as well as delicious food from vendors and other attractions. "The Museum Rocks!" is perfect for the whole family, as well as every amateur rock hound.
"The Museum Rocks!" is hosted by the Friends of the New Mexico Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum, a non-profit organization that raises funds for special needs at the museum. The event will take place from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Feb. 23, and from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., Feb. 24.
Admission is $4 for ages six to 11, and $7 per person ,age 12 and up. Children age five and under are free. Admission includes entry to the New Mexico Farm and Ranch Heritage Museum. The museum is at 4100 Dripping Springs Road in Las Cruces.
For additional information, visit www.lcmuseumrocks.com or contact Las Cruces Event Planning at 575-522-1232.


NADK :: How has the proportion of cannabis treatment episodes in Australia changed over time compared to other drugs?
Home > Knowledgebase > Cannabis > Treatment > How has the proportion of cannabis treatment episodes in Australia changed over time compared to other drugs?
How has the proportion of cannabis treatment episodes in Australia changed over time compared to other drugs?
The proportion of treatment episodes in Australia for which cannabis was the principal drug of concern has remained relatively stable (between 22-25%) from 2004 to 2014.
In Australia in 2004-05, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 37% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 23%; heroin in 17%; amphetamines in 11%; and other drugs in 11%. In Australia in 2005-06, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 39% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 25%; heroin in 14%; amphetamines in 11%; and other drugs in 12%. In Australia in 2006-07, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 43% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 23%; heroin in 11%; amphetamines in 12%; and other drugs in 12%. In Australia in 2007-08, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 45% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 22%; heroin in 11%; amphetamines in 11%; and other drugs in 12%. In Australia in 2008-09, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 46% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 23%; heroin in 10%; amphetamines in 9%; and other drugs in 12%. In Australia in 2009-10, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 48% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 23%; heroin in 10%; amphetamines in 7%; and other drugs in 12%. In Australia in 2010-11, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 48% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 22%; heroin in 9%; amphetamines in 9%; and other drugs in 11%. In Australia in 2011-12, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 46% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 22%; heroin in 9%; amphetamines in 11%; and other drugs in 12%. In Australia in 2012-13, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 41% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 24%; heroin in 8%; amphetamines in 14%; and other drugs in 12%. In Australia in 2013-14, alcohol was the principal drug of concern in 40% of treatment episodes; cannabis in 24%; heroin in 7%; amphetamines in 17%; and other drugs in 12%.


Air Conditioning Botany for ... over 20 years!
Sydney Air Conditioning offers prompt inspection, installation and servicing on all types of air conditioning units ... from large central plants to window units.
We have extensive experience in the installation and servicing of all major household brands and all work s undertaken by qualified and fully trained air conditioning specialists.
If you have a business or residence in Botany and need help with heating or cooling, call us for a free quote on 0406 289 129.


text:
110 Above Festival – Camping Sessions Review
A 2 day socially-distanced festival
Home > Live Reviews > 110 Above Festival – Camping Sessions Review
10 Sep 2020 10 Jan 2023 | By Emily Stewart
Not to brag, but I went to a festival at the weekend. Not sitting in someones garden watching the highlights of Glastonbury on iPlayer surrounded by bunting, an actual festival with camping, crap beer on tap and live bands.
Heralded as one of the UK's best kept secrets when it comes to live music, 110 Above usually plays host to numerous indie acts across a 3 day weekend at their farm site in Leicestershire. Over the years they've gained a reputation for showcasing the best in up and coming new talents with the likes of The Magic Gang, Circa Waves, Easy life and Bloxx having set foot on the festivals multiple, intimate stages in recent years.
With restrictions easing in the UK (Note as of the time of writing this has now changed) 110 Above took it upon themselves to save 2020 by hosting Camping Sessions – a 2 day socially-distanced festival with indie bands playing their hits acoustically.
Save the summer of 2020, 110 Above quite possibly did
In order to enforce social-distancing, you'd expect the restrictions to suck the fun out of live music. Upon arrival at the campsite/stage it was evident that the possibility for mixing with others was not happening. Each group (consisting of no more than 6) had a designated spot to camp in, which you could also see the stage from. If you didn't fancy the view from your tent, the organisers had marked out socially distanced circles in the grass for you to take your chairs and sit. Each had a fantastic view of the tiny, teepee stage.
Personally I'm a big convert to sitting down at festivals all day. This is how I should be able to enjoy music, without the leg pain of standing up too much!
A tent was this year's only stage
Despite many of the artists being relatively unseasoned, each held their own on such an intimate stage. First up on Saturday, were Only Sun who openly admitted they were scared witless, not being able to hide behind their usual guitar noise, joking that the bassist had spent last night learning to play the songs on guitar.
Effortlessly charming, showcasing incredible vocals and playing their ode to the NHS they started the day off on the right note. They were swiftly followed by 20 year old Andrew Cushin who has recently had the pleasure of recording with a Gallagher brother (he also has a very Oasis vibe).
Olivia Dean was an absolute revelation, her voice summoning similarities to the spirit of Amy Winehouse. Her acoustic version of Password Change is a mournful tune of a failing relationship set against the backdrop of the World Cup. It's absolutely beautiful.
Throughout the day The Howl & The Hum put in an equally atmospheric set whilst Kawala made an impression as the sun started to go down as they rattled through some familiar songs such as Do It Like You Do and Ticket To Ride. Having spent the summer touring on their Carwala Boot Tour around the UK they probably had less cobwebs to blow off then other acts however it felt like the "bad boys of folk" perfectly encapsulated the atmosphere of the festival.
Queues were non-existent
Unsurprisingly this was probably the friendliest festival I've ever been to, the bar and toilet queues were non-existent and the small number of people there meant you could socially-distanced mingle with the artists.
The downside to this is when you can hear other bands making derogatory comments about the female artist on stage, there isn't a place for some of the comments I overheard.
The other absolute downside to this festival was the lack of catering choice with only a bbq on offer. I love to live off street food Mac & Cheese at festivals, working my way through the different toppings and I'm always bitterly disappointed when there isn't a truck selling this.
Food choice aside, the team at 110 Above should be really proud of their work on Camping Sessions. It was a beautiful slice of normality within a very weird year.
Official The Howl & The Hum Vinyl & Merch* The Howl & The Hum Tickets*
Andrew Cushin Kawala Olivia Dean Only Sun The Howl & The Hum
The Howl & The Hum return with new single ahead of UK Tour
The Howl & The Hum – Human Contact
The Howl & The Hum reveal new album track '27'
Emily Stewart
Emily Stewart is a freelance music journalist for Indie Is Not A Genre.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm no statistician, but I can read a bar graph. These economic indicators show a net decrease in funding of education, certainly in BC. Interestingly, there have been significant "bumps" to funding at the beginnings of contract terms, but not enough to stave off the overall decline. Is it any wonder, that Bill 22, which unquestionably means a "bump down" in funding to the system, has teachers in BC infuriated?
I have to admit, I'm glad to be back at work after a two week spring break. I have been so upset about the egregious action of the government regarding our contract, that I have wasted much of my life fretting. I'm not looking for pity. It's just a fact. Since it was voted into power, the BC Liberal government has been systematically dismantling public education. Over the break, I couldn't get to sleep over my anger, and I would wake up each morning with job action on my mind. I have become very cynical about the ability of the public to recognize the importance of public education. And if we can't win hearts and minds, the government, which certainly doesn't see the value of public education, has no reason to change course.
I guess I shouldn't be surprised that few people see what I see – what teachers see. My own experience with K-12 education as a kid did not lead me to form wonderful relationships with teachers. I mean, I liked them, but I saw what they did as being rather easy. I didn't understand the prep that was involved, and more than that, I didn't understand what teachers went through to support students who were not me. As a kid, I didn't have any awareness of the poverty of some of the students. I didn't know that the kid who scared me was a kid who, but for school, would likely be out on the street committing crime. I didn't know that the teachers were bending over backward to show that kid a better way. I didn't know the amount of work that a teacher had to put in to preparing lessons that were able to flow at a reasonable pace, while at the same time keeping a large group of adolescents in a holding pattern of adaptive social behaviour. I didn't know about the endless hours you can put into teaching, without ever feeling like you've done a good enough job. I know it now, but I didn't know it then.
Had I not become a teacher, I would likely have had the same attitude about teaching that is evident in policy makers. The system worked for me, and would have worked had their been 60 kids in each of my classes. I knew how to get the help I needed, and the support structure created by my upper-middle class family provided me with the skill to advocate for myself. I didn't need teachers to care for me. And in my youthful egocentricity, I assumed that all the other kids were the same. I was wrong.
It was kids like me that rose through ranks of society. We were the winners. We got to go to University because our upbringing led us to value achievement in education, and the importance of post secondary schooling which would allow us to live affluent lives. And of course, we could afford university. Many people simply can't. Kids like me… kids who didn't need teachers to care for us: we are the minority and we are in charge.
I started by saying I am back to work. In an ongoing protest of Bill 22, teachers have withdrawn extracurricular activities. I thought that this would be an easy way to protest, but I have found that it is the hardest of all protests for teachers. You see, I missed the kids over the break. I had them write about their spring break in journals and I found myself pouring over the journals – delighting in their tales of trips here or there. I made comments that hopefully encouraged them to write more. I guess with all the political strife around contract negotiations, I had forgotten how I felt about the kids, and I confess, I've been happier this week than I was for the two that I spent on break. And the more I think about withdrawing extra-curricular work, the more I hate the idea. I work in a school populated by many non-traditional learners. There are lots of kids who need me. And I know they appreciate what I do for them. I never expected this. They know I'm rooting for them. For them, school is a safe place – quite often a safer, more sane place than their homes. It's a place where they are given boundaries. I didn't used to understand why the kids would cross these boundaries – why they'd bite the hand that fed them (so to speak). I now know that they are testing the boundaries, because they are desperate to know that those boundaries are really, consistently there. It took me a long time to understand this.
But as I said, had I not become a teacher, I would not have known these things. I would likely have supported a more "efficient" model of education, knowing that such a model would have worked for me just fine. And I would have believed that if it could work for me, it could work for anyone. But in the real world, I would have been wrong.
Bill 22 has mandated the end to teacher job action in BC. Teachers have decried this bill as being unconstitutional. But for some reason, despite that assertion, teachers are not challenging the bill. Their work-to-contract campaign protests, but does not challenge. The only way to test whether a law is supported by the constitution is to violate it. This is the heart of civiil disobedience. In the case of Bill 22, disobedience means full scale walkout.
Violation of Bill 22 is particularly risky as the bill mandates huge fines for striking, but ironically, these fines are the very provisions that may make the bill unconstitutional. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees the right to free assembly. Until recently, the meaning of that right as it applies to labour disputes has been somewhat vague, and in recent years (largely due to labour challenges to government in BC) the meaning of the Charter right is being clarified. A precedent established in one such case is the stipulation that no government may put into place any statute that limits the right to free assembly which is for the purpose of strengthening a position in collective bargaining. Bill 22's fines, which are inordinately large and which are aimed at individual teachers, do exactly that. They discourage, under threat of significant financial hardship, the right to gather in protest (i.e. strike). The only way to challenge these fines is to actually invoke them.
If teachers really want to protest what they perceive to be a violation of the Charter right to free assembly they MUST stage a full scale walkout. So what stops them? After all, there is unquestionably a large contingent of teachers who are in favour of a strike. I can think of three possible reasons the BCTF has not mandated a strike. One is that the executive is afraid of the financial consequences of being wrong. At $20 million dollars a day, bankruptcy would happen quickly. The second is that the one-year deadline for the government to address the repercussions of its unconstitutional legislation of a teacher contract in 2002, is April 13, 2012, and the BCTF is hoping for some kind of salvation from the court. The third, and what I think is most likely, is that part of Bill 22 calls for a government appointed mediator and the TF must try in good faith to work with the mediator before it is able to claim that Bill 22 is a violation of constitutional rights.
The stakes are high, not just for teachers, but for labour unions all across Canada. And all eyes are on BC. The next few weeks will be very interesting. History will be made one way or another.
When the BC Teachers Federation challenged the constitutionality of the BC Liberal government's imposing of a contract through legislation, they won in a sense. And the win was very important, because the ruling was a precedent-setting interpretation of Canada's Charter of Rights and Freedoms. I say that the teachers won "in a sense" because the win didn't make much difference in the way teachers actually do their work. The government still got away with significant reduction in funding of the public school system, and the job of teaching still got more challenging.
Really, the court decision was not so much a win for teachers, as a it was win for unions in general. The decision ensured that the right to free assembly for the purposes of strength in collective bargaining was protected. It did not, however (despite the beliefs of what seems to be a majority of teachers) take away the government's right to refuse to meet any of teachers' contract demands.
Against the background of these legal precedents, the teachers and their employer began negotiating again. This time, however, the strategies of both the BCTF and the Government have been more cagey. The BCTF knows that the government has the right to intervene in a labour dispute if the dispute causes prolonged or particularly serious harm to the public good, so in protest of the failure of the employer to meet its demands, the teachers adopted a "teach only" strike. This was a fairly mild job action whose purpose was to inconvenience administration, while still providing education to students. Among others, two significant teacher services were struck: the production of report cards, and supervision. And the government? Well it knows that it must show that it has made an effort at real negotiations with the teachers.
In negotiations, the employer and the teachers remained far apart, and there was virtually no progress. The employer was hampered by the government's policy of "net-zero", which made any negotiation impossible. Two things played in the teachers' favour. One, the popularity of the current government is at an all time low, and it looks like their demise is imminent. Two, the job action allowed teachers to receive full pay, thereby allowing teachers to sustain their slow burn tactic pretty much indefinitely – at least until the more labour-friendly NDP government was elected.
Suddenly, things changed. The government announced that enough was enough and it was going to legislate a "cooling off" period. But there was far more to the "cooling off" legislation than just cooling off. The bill called for a mediator, but restricted the mediator to the government's "net zero" mandate, and further, it stripped provisions of the existing contract, effectively making the "cooling off" bill another legislated contract – one that teachers find very objectionable for a few reasons, as it takes the control of virtually every aspect of schooling out of the hands of teachers. This, teachers feel, is an insult to their profession. Teachers feel that as professionals, they are the best suited to determine how to deliver education, and are frustrated at the increasing difficulty they are having meeting students learning needs – especially children who have identified learning challenges.
On the other hand, the Liberal government, which is actually fiscally very conservative, is trying to find efficiencies in education. Their new legislation makes it easier to fire teachers, now that one negative evaluation is grounds for dismissal, easier to hire teachers now that seniority can be ignored, and easier to create more efficient classes by removing any limits on class size and composition. The legislation also co-opts the professional development days that were added to the school year by teachers. This allows them to "train" teachers in the initiatives that they feel are important.
The struggle right now between teachers and government is really history in the making. Significant societal issues are at stake. One is the concept of public education. Are we really able to provide equitable education that factors in the myriad needs of different students, including those with various learning difficulties?
Philosophies of education are at odds. Do we subscribe to the notion that the purpose of education is for the growth and development of individuals, or to the notion that the purpose of education is to train individuals to become the labour capital for a successful society through a successful economy? And beyond education, is the struggle between socialist ideals that would have profits distributed among the workers, as opposed to the capitalist ideals of trickle-down economics through survival-of-the-fittest laissez-faire market driven economics.
The resolution of this dispute will be historical. That is why so much passion surrounds it.
Please help me. I need to know why Marxists are wrong.
Part of losing innocence is discovering that some of the things we have been taught are wrong, or lies or both. I have always been raised under the belief that communism is godless. Interestingly, it was never the Catholic Church that told me this; it was… who? I don't know. But "godless communist" has a familiar ring to it. And to be fair, Marx (largely the guy to whom communism is credited), was an atheist. He did call religion "the opiate of the masses", after all.
I have read "The Communist Manifesto" by Engels and Marx. It wasn't an easy read, and I could never get my head around "materialism". I'm still not sure what that means. But reading Marx and Engels, I didn't find them to be the monsters they have been lumped in with: particularly Josef Stalin. And now I find myself a victim of – not rampant communism, but rampant capitalism. As a teacher, my standard of living has continually decreased through my whole career. Well… not quite true. For the first ten years of my career, I received scheduled increases on a pay scale tied to years of experience. But since then, my salary has been eroded. Why is this? Doesn't success in capitalism lead to success for all? Markets certainly have grown since then, as have virtually all economic indicators in this wonderful G20 nation of Canada. Isn't capitalism supposed to trickle down? Certainly this is what I have been taught to believe.
And now I read this (link posted below). Yep. It's Marxist for sure – even quotes Marx. And it scares me. I can not find anything wrong with it. It actually makes more sense than anything I've been taught before. Furthermore, I challenge anyone devoted to free enterprise (a nicer term for capitalism) to point out the flaw in it. For the life of me I can't think of a "yeah, but". Maybe you can help me.
I have never been a sci-fi fan. Don't know why, really. I think it has something to do with the priorities of the writer. It might be that the author's focus tends to be more on her sociological premise than on her characterization?? Not sure. Maybe it's me. Maybe I can't cope with the situations posed in the stories. I mean, I often feel that I'm living in a science fiction novel now. My grip on reality is that tenuous.
Anyhow, at the insistence of my younger daughter, I read The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. And I have to say, as far as sci-fi goes, it's a winner. I'm hoping that the film version produced by Lions Gate Films does the novel credit.
The story is set in a society that is stratified into twelve districts. District one is the ruling district, in which citizens enjoy comforts that are unimaginable to the lower class districts. In district twelve, the citizens run the coal mines for a pittance of a salary – not enough to safely live on. And yet, it is a crime for them to leave the borders of their district to gather food. They stay alive through a vibrant underground economy, but they are always, always under the strict, punitive command of their totalitarian government.
Every year the government amuses its citizens by televising a live last-person-standing fight to the death. The contestants are selected ("reaped") by lottery and then given celebrity status in some pre-game events. The poor are more vulnerable, because in order to survive, they sometimes must buy staple goods in exchange for tesserae (lottery credits increasing the odds of being "reaped") – an interesting allegory for the American draft board. In this pre-game spectacle the author examines how governments use media to frame propaganda. And of course, the first person narrative of the games themselves through the eyes of a contestant, makes for a compelling morality play.
The popularity of this novel gives me great hope. If there's anything that will encourage young people to examine their morality and the dangers of totalitarian government, it's compelling literature. And this novel has depth without being too difficult a read. An eleven-year-0ld can enjoy it as well as an adult. My daughter and wife so liked the novel that they bought tickets to attend the opening day screening of the film. And they thoughtfully included me. Without this invitation, it's unlikely that I would have read the novel, and you, my dear reader, would not be mulling over this brilliant analysis!
Yesterday I drove home from a long journey up country through treacherous roads that, according to weather forecasts, would have been safer today. I hurried home because my wife had to be back to work. She had previously booked today as part of her holiday, but when the it was discovered that today was to be inspection day, my wife's holiday was cancelled. She had to be in the office to make sure everything was running smoothly for the inspection.
My wife and her coworkers are certainly doing all they can do in the allotted hours. In fact, from what I am told, I believe they are working under huge duress. But sometimes the allotted hours are just not enough, and my wife will put her and her family's life on hold to work overtime to get the work done. This has often been quite disruptive. She is paid well for her overtime, but life vs. money is often a tough trade-off. And it's not as though she can leave the work. She works a hospital lab, and work not done can cost lives. LIVES! So she does the overtime. Has to. Must. And after she does, it's really irking for her to have to face finger-wagging and tongue clucking from above because overtime is generally frowned upon – but I digress.
There is so much work to be done that certain aspects of the job that seem irrelevant in the day-to-day routines, get put to the back burner: the reading of policy manuals; small policy details regarding storage; paperwork or maintenance. These can be overlooked because there simply is not enough time allotted in a day for them. Then comes the inspector and it's time to scramble! A list of things to be inspected is posted and panic sets in. Everyone has been so busy that some of the list items have not been addressed.
Now if the boss could afford to be exceedingly brave, he or she would say, "Screw it. The inspectors will have to find out that we simply haven't had time address all of the list items." And in a perfect world, that's exactly what the boss would do. In a perfect world the boss would be confident that the inspectors would presume the workers are competent and ethical. In a perfect world the inspector (who also has bosses) would recommend that more resources be invested in the workplace so that these missing list items could be checked off… in a perfect world.
But of course, the world is not perfect, and there is no presumption of competence or ethics. If things go bad, it's not the health ministry that's on the hot seat; it's the chain of command. Of course compliance is not preached; in all the seminars we are always taught about transformational leadership, collaboration and the moral the ethical responsibility to stand up for what is right. So one might think that the happy result of a failed inspection would be recognition by inspectors of a need for more resources. In fact, the opposite is true.
Inspectors are looking for potential improvements in efficiency. Built into the idea of efficiency is a presumption that more can be done with less. And the corollary presumption is that more than enough resources are already in place to allow the workers to meet all of the expectations on the checklist. Ergo, failure to meet expectations = failure in competence. The boss may not be able to articulate this idea, but intuitively she knows it, and all of the workers know it. So for weeks before the inspection date, everyone scrambles like never before so that a tight ship can be presented. Fear is a good motivator.
The consequence? My vacation is curtailed. But there are more serious consequences. Morale suffers, and worker loyalty suffers. Stress increases. Job satisfaction decreases. Authoritarianism corrupts the spirit of camaraderie. Unfortunately, this problem is rife in all organizations. Human beings have human needs that typically go beyond the organization's scope. The organization has narrow goals into which the human being doesn't factor.
This disjunct between the organization and the person is a huge problem in our world. And in order to be happy, healthy societies we need to change it. After all, our work is a big part of our life. It should be where we have our human needs met: the need to be productive, the need to be social. Corporations would like to believe that they have no responsibility other than the bottom line. This is not true. Why can't the success of their workers be a measure of their success? More's the disgrace when this business efficiency model is applied detrimentally to government workers. Is it not the role of government to take care of people? I say it is, and furthermore, I say that it should be well within the role of private corporations to take responsibility for the well-being of their employees.
A couple of books that I read in my undergrad studies stuck with me. One was Irving Goffman's The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, and another was Emile Zola's Germinal. The former expounded on Shakespeare's "All the world's a stage" theme, and the latter illustrated the struggle of working class people. With these two themes in mind, The Coal Mine will examine personal motivation in the context of the world of real people.
The blog will be political, ideological and whimsical. It will be the truth and nothing but the truth. Read if you dare. Comment if you like. Just keep it real. And keep to the issues. Questioning and arguing are permitted. Insults are not. If you can't say it over coffee, don't say it here.


text:
Hottest Planet In The Universe Discovered, Hotter Than Most Stars
Elaine Hannah
Scientists discovered an exoplanet that is considered the hottest planet ever. It is known as KELT-9b and has a surface hotter than most stars.
Kelt-9b is about twice the size of Jupiter and has temperatures of about 4,600 Kelvin (over 4,300 degrees Celsius) compared to the Sun that has a temperature of about 5,800 Kelvin.
The discovered planet travels around its star called KELT-9 in just one and half days. KELT-9 is about 650 light-years away, according to Science Alert.
The discovery was published in Nature. It was led by astronomer B. Scott Gaudi from the Ohio State University and other colleagues. The scientists have used the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) to find hotter and brighter stars with more extreme planets.
As noted by New Scientist, Gaudi said that this is a race to the bottom. He means finding the smallest planets around the smallest stars because those are the ones that might be habitable. "What our collaboration likes to say is that there's room at the top."
The team detected KELT-9b suffering from intense heat and they were surprised that it exists. Gaudi said that it is a planet by any of the typical definitions based on mass. On the other hand, its atmosphere is nearly certainly unlike any other planet they have ever seen just because of the temperature of its day side.
Meanwhile, Alan Duffy, the astronomer from Swinburne University and who was not involved in the study, said he was genuinely surprised to see this planet. He explained that once there was very massive, very bright star, the force of its radiation is so intense that it can blast the material away from around it. He further explained that there is just not a lot of gas and dust left to form these planets.
Likewise, astronomer Jonti Horner from the University of Southern Queensland said that this planet could be hotter than at least 80 percent of all known stars. He described it as mind-blowing. He further said that it is essentially skimming the surface of its star, and the star itself is much more luminous and much hotter than the Sun. He added that this makes this planet the hottest one they have found to date by quite along the margin, by more than a thousand degrees.
The researchers are now planning to get a better look at KELT-9b using other telescopes. These include NASA's James Webb Space Telescope that will be launched next year.
TagsPlanet, Exoplanet, KELT-9B, KELT-9, Kilodegree Etremely Little Telescope, KELT, Sun
NASA's Kepler Spacecraft Detected New Hot Jupiter, K2 Mission's Ninth Such ...
Sun Surface Activities To Change, According To NASA
Unraveling The First Family 5-Seater Car Empowered Completely By The Sun
Scientists Crack Mystery of Sun's Plasma Jets


We all want to have a good rest and to relax after a busy working-day with lots of events and meetings. Your office or hotel room may be comfortable but only a truly cozy interior will let you leave all your problems behind. Modern windows will provide you fresh air and quietness; a reliable door will let you feel safe and independent, and sitting in a leather arm-chair near the floor lamp in the study you can concentrate on your thoughts. But what is comfort? Any home atmosphere consists of many unique little things which like kaleidoscope glasses form the unique atmosphere of every home. Home textiles that make every corner of your house charming and warm obviously have an essential role to play.
Remember any cozy place you can – your grandmother's home where you have spent your childhood, an old country house full of treasures and discoveries. We are sure you will recall a beautiful table cloth taken out of the trunk only for the very special occasions, a warm blanket to roll yourself in when sitting on the porch in the evening, knitted tablemats. These things which may at first seem unimportant will make your house one-of-a-kind as well as the place you always want to come back to.
Not everybody wants to see embroidered pillows and chintz cloths from Ivanovo in the room but curtains and carpets look perfect in every home. This be-all and end-all of home textile is appropriate even in the interiors with modern blinds on the windows and parquet flooring. The main function of such elements is not practical but decorative. Light, short curtains are good in the kitchen, more heavy and dense ones may be used in the bedroom or in the living-room where you may want to take a break from everyday life.
If you do not feel comfortable with a carpet that covers the most part of a room, choose small bedside carpets for your bedroom or creative rugs near the sofa in the living-room. Bright carpet on the floor and a couple of harmoniously colored elements will make your room both stylish and cozy even if it is very austere.
If a functional PVC tablecloth is the best choice for a kitchen table, you should use a textile tablecloth for your dinner one at least from time to time even if its top is made of rich woods. A linen tablecloth is good for family gatherings, a silk one for a romantic supper, a chintz one for a children's party. These very details will show the guests that you have done all your best to prepare for their visit and give your home a hint that this evening will be special. Properly selected tablemats and beautiful tableware will help you gain the reputation of good hosts with perfect taste.
A soft, nice to-the-touch blanket in the bedroom will keep private the most intimate part of any home – the bed. A couple of pillows of contrast or the same colors as the blanket and the curtains will make you feel even more calm and warm in your bedroom that is essential. Baldakin is an element coming from the Middle Ages that was unduly forgotten in the age of technological progress and that is fortunately gradually returning to our homes. It does not necessarily have to be a huge wooden construction with heavy dark velvet curtains as we immediately imagine it. Baldakin can be replaced with a simple anti-mosquito screen coming down from the ceiling to the four corners of the bed as well as with the lace curtains on each side symbolically separating the place where you sleep from the rest of the room. In your child's room you can be creative and attach textile butterflies and flowers to the colored net – even your small designer can do it. Sleeping under such a Baldakin every girl will feel like a princess from her favorite fairy-tale.
You should put some pillows on the sofa in your living-room where the whole family can gather in the evening to watch a film or look through a photo album.
You will have the sweetest dreams after dinner or a good book reading and the sofa where you can roll yourself in a warm soft blanket is the best place you can find. After covering your arm-chair with the same throw or a knitted blanket, you will quickly change the familiar room for the better. Add such elements to the home interior and very soon you will come home in the evening with great pleasure, and your home atmosphere will become warmer and relaxed, no guest will enter your home without exclaiming: How very cozy it is here!
It is very important to treat your home textile properly as well as to take it to the dry cleaner. Do not wash home pillows in a washing machine, they may lose or change their color, attached elements may split off. We also do not recommend washing fabrics of natural wool as they require delicate treatment.


to bring you the essential : everything you can expect.
W B -06 is CE approved as PPE.
Connecting zip mounted on an elastic belt. Additional snap claws for linking the jacket to your trousers belt quickly and easily.
Adjustable at the hips wrists and arms.


Please fill out my brief Lifestyle Survey to better inform my support for your family.
If expecting, do you know your estimated due date?
If you're having more than one shower, please share those dates.
What is your baby's gender? Boy Girl It's a surprise!
Do you have other children? If yes, please enter number of children and age.
What's the weather going to be like when your baby is born?
Which of the following best describes where you live?
What kind of car do you drive? Please enter year, make and model.
If you plan on having a car seat in more than one vehicle, please list that vehicle information as well.


text:
Lenticular Histories
Rose DeSiano
A immersive and interactive monument that engages Prospect Park visitors in a system of reflections, refractions, and nonlinear photo-history that celebrates acts of "Leisure and activism". Viewers experience the historical narrative of Prospect Park through historical photographs from private collections, public archives and New York journalists. The sculpture features three objects of optical illusion: stereoscopes, lenticulars, and prisms—which combine to blend reflections, rainbow-colored light, and history into a singular working system alluding to the intertwined chaos and harmony of public spaces. Highlighting decades of changes, while demonstrating how the park remains central to the community.
Image credits: Todd Maisel, The Henry Ford, NYC Parks Department, Prospect Park Alliance, The Library of Congress, and Brooklyn Public Library.
About Rose DeSiano
Rose DeSiano brings together photography and sculpture into a public art practice. Her artwork examines cultural symbolism, the collective consciousness, and is interested in bringing to the surface lost or undiscussed topics of history. Using art in public spaces to foster community, DeSiano sees public art as an act of advocacy and activism.
Commissioned by multiple cities, her photo-sculptures have appeared throughout New York City, in San Diego, and Cleveland and have received awards, including the Uniqlo Parks Grant and FLOW.17 Public Art Award. Her gallery artwork has been exhibited in solo shows in the US and Europe, featured in several group museum exhibitions; Bronx Art Museum, Allentown Museum of Art, Heritage Museum of Málaga, and has been included in international art fairs; Photoville, FOTOFOCUS, and Orange Changsha Photo, China. Her work appears in numerous publications including; Hyperallergic, Vogue, Time Out, ArtNews, and UK's Aesthetica. DeSiano has her MFA from Art Center, LA, her BFA from NYU's Tisch School of Arts. She currently lives in NYC and is a Professor of Art at Kutztown University of Pennsylvania.
More about the "Lenticular Histories" Project
desiano.com/notes-on-lenticular-histories
Rose DeSiano (with NYC Parks Department, Prospect Park Alliance and Photoville)
Exhibition Dates
Oct 30, 2021 – Spring of 2022
Prospect Park West between 15th Street and Bartel-Pritchard Square
Public Art Works


text:
Central Queensland University Bundaberg
Study in Australia with Central Queensland University Bundaberg
Central Queensland University is a public university which was established in 1967 in Australia. The university has fifteen campuses and six Centres, Hubs and Sites : Adelaide Campus , Biloela Campus, Brisbane Campus, Bundaberg Campus, Cairns Campus, Emerald Campus, Gladstone Campus, Mackay Campus, Melbourne Campus, Noosa Campus, Perth Campus, Rockhampton Campus , Sydney Campus, Townsville Campus and Yeppoon Campus. The Centres, Hubs and Sites are: Broome, Busseltons, Charters Towers, Cooma, Geraldton and Karratha.
Central Queensland University comprises of six schools: School of Education and the Arts, School of Business & Law, School of Engineering & Technology, School of Medical and Applied Sciences, School of Human, Health and Social Sciences and School of Nursing and Midwifery.
Central Queensland University has more than 35,000 students. The university has more than 5,000 international students from 70 countries across the globe. The university has more than 1,300 faculties. The student to faculty ratio is 25:1.
Central Queensland University is a first dual sector university which offers both higher education and vocational training. The university is known as most determined university. The engineering and technology courses of the university are best in the world. The university has record of enrolling increasing number of students than any other university in Australia.
Central Queensland University, Bundaberg Campus is located in vibrant city of Central Queensland. The campus offers variety of courses for the student with small class size. The students are individually attended by the professors with high quality of education. The campus has computer laboratories, nursing and clinical laboratories and video conferencing room .
Notable Alumni: Julian Assange (Wikileaks Founder), William Mcinnes ( Actor And Author), Anna Meares (Olympic Gold Medal-Winning Cyclist)
Our top consultants can guide & ensure your admissions into Central Queensland University Bundaberg. We have successfully counselled students for their admission into many top universities like Central Queensland University Bundaberg , Princeton University , Imperial College London , University of Oxford, Columbia University , Johns Hopkins University and many other top universities.
College Profile for Central Queensland University Bundaberg
Shortlisting of Colleges and Universities in Australia
Visa Guidance for Australia
Recommendation letters for Central Queensland University Bundaberg
Central Queensland University Bundaberg Programs
Standard Test
Bachelor of Digital Media
Duration : 3 Years /
Format : On Campus
Tuition Fees : $24480 (Annual cost)
Deadline : 16th Feb
Standard Test :
TOEFL/IELTS/PTE/CAE/CPE
Bachelor of Aviation Flight Operations
Bachelor of Business Specialisation
Bachelor of Accounting
Associate Degree of Occupational Health and Safety
Central Queensland University Bundaberg Application Requirements
A strong proficiency in the English language is essential for admission into universities in Australia. To be able to get a successful admission in Central Queensland University Bundaberg in Australia students need to complete IELTS with a minimum score of 6.
Central Queensland University Bundaberg Cost of studies
Fees may vary for each program. Please visit program page for specific fees.
Explore tuition fee & other cost
Central Queensland University Bundaberg Deadlines
Deadlines may vary for each program. Please visit program page for specific deadlines.
6 University Dr,Bundaberg,Australia
(+61 ) 7 4930 9000


As winter begins and the cold winter months are approaching, the Town is requesting donations to "Eliot Fuel Assistance Program". The purpose of this program is to help individuals/families who do not qualify for General Assistance but are still in need of help heating their homes this winter.
Any amount you can give will be greatly appreciated by the Town and those in need of this program.
A sincere "Thank You" for your help!


With the entire world dancing to the tunes of the World Wide Web, launching an online shopping store is one of the best ideas one can come up with. The BusinessZeal article below enlists 10 simple steps to set up an online clothing store.
Use social networking sites as promotional platforms.
Offer very good customer service options.
More than a couple of decades back, opening any kind of convenience or clothing store would involve steps like finding a location, deciding on finance, finding wholesalers, and then opening the store for sale. Despite the fact that marketing was an important phase, print media was more effective. As of today though, using the internet as a marketing tool for business is a fairly common practice; in fact, going online is the new mantra! So much that we can actually shop online. Shopping sites like Ebay and Amazon are some of the well-known shopping websites. If you like to deal with fabrics and designs and wish to open a clothing store, how about turning to the internet for help? This article will tell you how to start an online clothing store. While it focuses on clothing, the same can be applied to any other online store.
Read the steps below to know how to run a successful online clothing store.
This is one of the most important things you need to start an online clothing store (or for that matter, any store).
Clothing and apparel is a very broad category. Therefore, to begin with, decide your product. Decide what you intend to sell.
You may have several ideas where clothing is concerned. Would you like to explore floral prints? Or, would you prefer specializing in personalized clothing?
You may even like to sell solely prom and cocktail dresses. Or you may specialize in recycled clothing or funky t-shirts or spring/winter clothing.
Lay out your options and ideas and come up with a suitable option.
You may want to open a store that has all the necessary clothing as well - jeans, tops, dresses, etc. But if you want to stand out, perhaps you need to put in a little more thought regarding the product offering.
Your product design must be original. 'Exclusive' should be the watchword.
You also have to consider your target audience. Your products will be different with an elderly audience and different with a teen audience or with kids.
Once you have made an informed choice, proceed to the next step.
Market research is not an option; it is a compulsion.
You are not the only one who is planning to open an online store; there are many others who might be thinking about it currently, and many others who have already done so.
You have to research your competition. Find out what they are selling, and try to incorporate something unique with your brand.
Find out how much demand there is for your product. For instance, you will probably want to sell hand-knitted woolen tops, but they may not be very much in demand.
Scrounge online forums, social media, and general surveys to research on the product demand.
Another point you need to decide is the manufacturing.
Are you going to design and manufacture the product yourself? Or are you going to get it designed and produced from a designer and supplier? Or you might opt for a combination. You might want your own designs, but you might get them manufactured by a third-party producer. Write down the options, analyze, and choose one.
Search for a good, well-known supplier in case you want them manufactured through an external source.
The next step is to create a business plan for the online clothing store.
Decide your inventory. Your store is online-based, but your product is not going to get created online. It needs to be physically manufactured and shipped.
Come up with a good plan to store items. Sometimes, your customers may not be satisfied with the product or the wrong item may have been shipped. You'll need a warehouse to store excess material.
Decide on the shipping. How do you plan to send the products? How long will it take? Which is the most efficient, yet cost-effective method?
Work out the shipping and storage pointers with the concerned party.
You will need to be involved in shipping irrespective of whether the manufacturer is your own or a third party.
Next, decide on the customer service. Have lots of user-friendly options. In a business, your customer is your deity. Your store must give them sufficient options regarding selection, purchase, shipping, product return, refund, product exchange, etc.
If you are manufacturing the product yourself, you will have to hire employees. Decide on their salaries and work hours. Consider taxation formalities, licensing, and other costs.
You certainly need to have sufficient start-up capital. After formulating a business plan, come up with listing down the costs.
Decide the production costs in both cases - when you are the producer or you have outsourced the same to a third party.
You will be buying a domain name. You will also hire a web designer. Consider the website building costs.
Your taxes, employee wages, warehouse rent, shipping costs, etc., need to be considered.
You'll also need to consider these factors before setting up the list price (LP) of your item. Mind you, this price is always more than the cost price (CP).
If you are planning to give periodic price waivers or seasonal discounts, consider the profit and loss situation as well.
Online marketing may not cost much, but if you want sites like Ebay to help advertise your site, you will need to pay them.
You will need to consider pay-per-click ads as well.
Work out all the costs and come up with a good financial plan.
You have to consider what legal documents you would need to start an online clothing store.
Like all businesses, you will have to register yours as well, whether it is online or not.
If you are wondering whether you need a business license for an online clothing store, the answer is in the affirmative. If you do not have the required license, you may be penalized.
Refer to the state laws for registration formalities.
You will need to furnish your personal details, business name, and complete the necessary paperwork.
Consider the tax and legal documents as well.
This is one of the most important steps. Here is where you begin the actual business.
To begin with, you will need to register a domain name. It has to be similar to your business name. Let the name be cool and catchy, something that will attract immediate attention.
You have to purchase web space. Make sure you buy a good web hosting service. You'll need space for further business growth.
Next, you need to design your website.
If you have studied web design and scripting languages, you can design the site yourself. However, it would be better to take help from a professional.
Your site layout should be polished and sophisticated. Do not crowd too many elements at one place. It needs to look spacious.
All the same, you have to make sure that all the necessary elements are available - login, logout, payment options, credit options, clothing choices, cost, shopping cart, etc.
Choose proper color combinations and fonts. Do not overdo anything - you don't want your site to look like a circus.
You also need to choose a good business name. Try and think out of the box.
You can use your product and come up with lovely names. How about 'Wild'n Hot Fashions' if you specialize in winter clothing? Or 'Sassy Curves' if you specialize in gowns and cocktail dresses?
Next, you are to choose your e-commerce solution for convenient purchase. Consider your budget and make a proper choice.
You can choose an open source software or a hosted service.
If you choose an open source solution, you have to create the site yourself. Open sources are free downloads to which changes can be made as required. It would be better to hire someone instead of getting into the programming technicalities.
Hosted solutions are the best options for beginners. They provide you with the necessary software as well as their server for hosting.
There are many such services that will provide you with a strong platform. Choose an all-inclusive service.
Usually, these services will charge fees for letting you use their server space. You may have heard of Selz and Shopify that offer you options to build your website and sell clothes online. Both are inexpensive and effective solutions.
You can choose a licensed service as well. However, these services have certain security issues, therefore it is best to avoid them.
Next, you have to decide how you are going to get paid. One of the most common mistakes newbies make while setting up an online store is to have confusing payment options.
You may begin with the simplest option of PayPal, but it would be better to accept credit cards from customers.
For this, you need to create a merchant account. This requires you to work out plans with a bank so that your clients can pay money directly.
You also have to take care of the shipping options. Decide the plans with your supplier.
One of the most commonly used and obvious marketing ideas for an online clothing store is social media.
Since your store has no physical location, you have a few restrictions regarding marketing. You have to mostly rely on the internet.
To begin with, frequent the social networking sites. Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are the most famous and well-known networking platforms. Market your online store in the best way possible.
You might want to offer initial discounts and sales to entice customers. Advertise the same. Use Pay-per-click ads on popular search engines and online marketing sites.
You could start your own blog as well, and post updates as and when possible.
Use YouTube to post a small video of the products you offer. The more views it gathers, the more your customers.
You are almost set. Your store is ready and has been publicized.
Now, it's time to conduct the online sale.
Like a regular store, your online venture is also going to require time to catch up. So, do not get discouraged on the first day.
As already mentioned, you might prefer allowing certain discounts to begin with. This will attract potential customers.
If you have already resold some items on sites like Ebay and Amazon, your loyal clientèle may like your site too.
It is a good idea to write product reviews for such sites before beginning your own store.
Once people begin trusting your brand and provide good customer feedback, you are all set! Your online clothing store will now be an exclusive store catering to all the customers and providing excellent service.
Running a business has never been easy. But it's the 21st century, and getting internet-savvy is the way to be. Innumerable people run online stores and other businesses; if you put in your best, your store will be a resounding success.