Technical levels: support – 0.7380, 0.7340; resistance – 0.7450.
1. Sell — 0.7450; SL — 0.7460; TP1 — 0.7380; TP2 — 0.7340.
Reason: expanding bearish Ichimoku Cloud, falling Senkou Span A and B; a new dead cross of Tenkan-sen and Kijun-sen with falling Tenkan-sen; the prices are on the new lows for the last four months.


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Home Burlington
Children's Museum Announces Grand Opening Date
Grand Opening File Photo
BURLINGTON, WA – Mark your calendars for August 31, 2019!! The Children's Museum of Skagit County will unveil the final phases of their construction and move to The Outlet Shoppes at Burlington in a day-long celebration beginning at 10:00am on August 31st. In addition to experiencing the new Museum spaces, the annual Full STEAM Ahead event will take place, so there will be many opportunities for fun and learning! The final phases of construction have included construction and installation of the new Main Street exhibits, the new semi-truck, tug boat, water exhibit, crane, train, theatre, music room, toddler area and agricultural exhibit. Phase 3 includes improvements in an additional space that will house gross-motor activities for visitors, a suitable space for museum and community events, a break room and additional restrooms.
This is the third and largest location for the Children's Museum of Skagit County. Since opening in 2003, the museum has had over 750,000 visitors! In addition to daily admissions and annual memberships, CMSC offers the Museum Explorers Preschool, camps, classes, trainings and a Museum Store.
For the Grand Opening day only, members and visitors will be issued wristbands that will grant them free access to the Museum for 45 minutes, so that we ensure that everyone gets a chance to play in the Museum and that occupancy limits are not exceeded. Outside activities in the Full STEAM Ahead event will be free to all visitors including those waiting to go in the Museum. For a full schedule of events, and other details, visit the Museum website or Facebook page. Updates will continue to be made, highlighting all of the activities that will be available.
"Presidio Commercial Construction, along with Julie Blazek and the team at HKP Architects have created a truly wondrous place for children, families and the community. The exhibits are going to inspire children's curiosity, as they explore, imagine, create and learn." said Children's Museum Executive Director Cate Anderson. "We're very excited to be fully open in our fantastic new location!"
"We are thrilled to see this project come to completion," said Gina Slechta, Regional Director of Marketing for Horizon Group Properties. "It has been a joy to work with Cate and all the workers and volunteers who have worked tirelessly to make this happen, and we are looking forward to a fun, successful grand opening."
This wonderful new museum that you will see on August 31st is the result of the generosity of our community. Fundraising efforts will be ongoing until the move is fully funded. The Children's Museum is actively seeking exhibit sponsorships (29 total exhibit opportunities) and donations can be made at the Museum or at any Banner Bank (formerly Skagit Bank) location. $5 Fridays via Facebook showcases a new item each week, which anyone can contribute to. All donors will get their name on a plaque with the item in the new museum.
The Children's Museum is currently open in 8,400 square feet of their total 15,400 square feet at The Outlet Shoppes at Burlington. The additional 7,000 square feet will open at the end of August when Phase II construction is complete. The Museum's new facility includes a larger museum store area, larger art studio and reading room, refreshed and new exhibits, Family Resource Room, party/classroom space, preschool, breast-feeding room, family restrooms, and community meeting space.
The Museum directorship, staff, volunteers and supporters are excited to have developed the new space in a meaningful way to continue growing their programs and events. Enhanced exhibits and learning opportunities, improved spaces for STEAM learning (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Math) to encourage critical thinking skills, imagination, creativity, and social-emotional development are all part of those plans. In addition, the Museum's successful preschool program has a larger classroom space. The Museum's scholarship program will continue to serve the needs of children and families, and their partnership with more than 35 organizations and institutions will continue to flourish in this new space.
"Bigger. Better. Brighter. Relocation Campaign" Under Way
Moving and developing a new facility takes time and significant financial support. The Children's Museum of Skagit County's "Bigger. Better. Brighter. Relocation Campaign," which is necessary to fund the costs of the new museum build out and relocation costs is under way and still accepting financial and in-kind support. Donations to this campaign can be made to the Children's Museum of Skagit County or directly to their donation account at any Banner Bank (formerly Skagit Bank) branch in the region.
About The Children's Museum of Skagit County
The Children's Museum of Skagit County is a non-profit 501(c)(3) that opened in Mount Vernon in 2003. The mission of the Museum is to provide an interactive learning environment to promote, encourage and increase an understanding of the arts, science and culture among children, youth, families and educators in Skagit County. The Museum is open seven days a week. To learn more about our hours of operations, membership, scholarships, events, camps, classes, parties, volunteering, supporting and more visit the Museum website at SkagitChildrensMuseum.net or call (360) 757 8888. '
Information Provided by Kate Simmons
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The 5 things made CUSC different from other contractors.
We believe my abilities would be perfect for you. We can finish this job within the necessary time frame.
IT Outsourcing helps you to increase the rhythm of your business activities in a rapid pace, save time, save money and gives you many other competitive advantages.
10. Working process abide by ISO 9001:2008 standard.
Efforts taken by Government to make Vietnam as one of the best software outsourcing destinations and its future in the global market.
Vietnam software outsourcing and factors that ensure its future sustainability in software market.
Vietnam software outsourcing has become one of the strengths of the economy of Vietnam because of the high returns that it has provided to the nation as a whole. Because Vietnam already has formed a strong base as far as their software development and outsourcing is concerned, thus, it is only a matter of hard work and dedication to maintain and improve this performance.
Even though it has created its foreign demand, but there is still potential for them to move up on the global value chain. In the software outsourcing business, the investors never compromise on the quality of the products; hence, efforts should be made to improve them further. The quality of the software could be improved further by training the employees that are involved in the process.
In the Southeastern nations of Asia, there is high competition between both India and Vietnam software outsourcing and this has led to high growth in this sector. Vietnam has the advantage of providing lower costs and cheap labor to firms, which are interested in investing in this nation. This is the main reason why even Indian software companies are starting operations in Vietnam so that they could further eliminate some of their excess costs and be more competitive than ever.
In June 2000, when the software industry had just started to develop, the Vietnam Prime Minister Phan Van Khai signed a verdict to develop the software industry of this country. This can prove that the Vietnamese government had realized the potential opportunities that could be extracted by targeting the software industry, which can improve the economy. There were several policies designed to make Vietnam software outsourcing, an attractive destination for foreign companies. Import duties and tariffs were reduced on the software products and the value added tax rate was reduced to zero for these products. Also, as there were no export taxes on these software products, it witnessed a huge increase in its demand all around the world by both developing and developed nations.
Even the developed nations have realized the advantages that they could get by using Vietnam software outsourcing as a destination that could provide high benefits. Some of these strong nations comprise of Japanese, European and American software companies which find it to be an attractive place to invest not only because of the lower costs of production and cheap labor which is available there but also because the political, social and economic conditions of this country is better than other developing nations. Even though the combined effect of all these factors make Vietnam an attractive place to invest in, but this does not mean that there is low competition between Vietnam software outsourcing destination and other similar nations such as India.
© CUSC Software - 01 Ly Tu Trong street, An Phu ward, Ninh Kieu district, CanTho city, Viet Nam.


It kind of looks like a stinkbug. I could be wrong, but they're supposed to be pretty prevalent this time of year so that's my best guess.
I've been wondering how the painting commission was going! Sounds like you got it all done, and of course you did!
Laura - I just googled 'stink bug' and I think you are right! I'm glad I didn't disturb him or he would have gotten all stinky on me.
Anabela - I did get it done! It went really well. The designer was really good to work with - it was a totally positive experience. How are your Little Winter preparations going? I hope you have a little of that 'back-to-school' Fall productivity rush too!
You're blog helps with this issue, but still, wouldn't it be nice to have a cup of tea in person some time soon??? Ah well. Skype tea?
Glad to hear about your commission and other stuff all going so well - huge congratulations to you on all fronts!
P.S. I spelled 'you're' wrong. Oh well.
I miss you too Kerri! We should have Skype tea soon for sure.


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Remembering Elliott Carter
Posted on November 21, 2012 November 22, 2012 by John Aylward
In remembering Carter, I think of how he ventured to Tucson, Arizona to compose his 1st String Quartet in the very late 1940's. Tucson is where I was born, and so I'm familiar with the intense isolation that Carter must have been seeking. In those vast, expansive desert landscapes, a certain kind of depth can be had once one is separated from the noise of our culture. The Sonoran Desert that surrounds Tucson is a place so completely removed from the concerns of our world. Coming from New York City, Carter was brave to face this isolation. But his exploratory character must have drawn him to it: a silent environment where he could imagine a music all his own.
My own experiences with Carter were transformative. I first met him in New York at a concert celebrating his 95th birthday. A performance of this 5th String Quartet made a great impression on me, and I wanted to know how it was put together. Carter was notoriously shy about discussing the technical aspects of his work and with me he was no different. Soon after, I took the time to study the work's sketches at the Paul Sacher Stiftung. After satisfying my technical curiosities, I realized that Carter was right to not want to 'talk shop' too much with me. He was concerned with being understood as an artist and not a technician: that all the rigors of his work were in service of his art.
Like the desert Carter explored while composing one of his most ground-breaking works, contemporary music itself can sometimes feel inaccessible, even to those who care about it so deeply. For those looking in, perhaps they see a window into the alienation artists can feel as they attempt relevant cultural commentary in such an abstract medium. And Carter's music is no different, having been characterized sometimes as difficult to access. But what Carter gave us, in the example of his life and work ethic, was the opportunity to move beyond that discourse, and into a space where the rigorous pursuit, and the excitement and adventures of creation, are valued most highly. It is certainly through Carter's persistent search, over a lifetime, that he found such an original voice. Such an artistic path might set an example for any young artist.
When Carter turned 100, I composed a string duo dedicated to him: Reciprocal Accord. Here, the work is performed by Curtis Macomber and Chris Finkel.
https://johnnyaylward.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/10-reciprocal-accord.mp3
← Review in ArkivMusic
New work for Emi Ferguson →


Last week, we reported that Superstar Rajinikanth's upcoming film, Kabali, ran into a title tangle when a senior filmmaker named Sivakumar said that he too had registered the same title for his upcoming film. As per the latest reports from Tamil film circles, Sivakumar registered the title several years ago and forgot to renew it at the Film Chamber.
Sivakumar recently met Kalaipuli S Thanu, the producer of Rajinikanth's Kabali, and sorted out the issue in an amicable way and even announced that he is very happy to give away the title to a Rajinikanth starrer. With this, all decks cleared for the makers to hit the floors on 17th September in Chennai. After a brief schedule, the unit will fly to Malaysia for a long schedule.
In Kabali, Rajinikanth plays a powerful mafia don. Radhika Apte is the film's leading lady and senior actors Prakash Raj and JD Chakravarthy will be seen in important roles.


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Q: Docker: Unable login to Docker Hub from Windows I installed docker toolbox v17.03 in my windows 10. When I try to login using docker login, I get the following error.
error getting credentials - err: exec: "docker-credential-wincred": executable file not found in %PATH%, out: ``
Any ideas?

A: You don't need to modify the config.json file. Just go to https://github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers/releases and download the docker-credential-wincred-v0.6.0-amd64.zip. Unzip it and move the executable docker-credential-wincred.exe to the C:\Program Files\Docker Toolbox\ folder. It should do the trick.

A: Really apologize for jumping too fast. I think I sorted out. I initially installed Docker for Windows to use Hyper-V for virtualization and then had to uninstall since Windows 10 Home is not supporting. Then I installed Docker Toolbox. Looks like this added wincred in config.json in the .docker dir. All started working after removed the entries in the config.json

A: For me the following solved the issue. In
~/.docker/config.json

change credsStore to credStore

A: I had similar problems with Ubuntu 18-04 running on WSL2 and found that using docker from a windows-console worked okay.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you aren't happy with the glow of your factory-installed driving lights, there are now great options for replacements. Modern lighting is often brighter, lasts longer and is more energy efficient. LED lights are great for headlights and can be easily installed. HID lights are another modern alternative. HID, which stands for high-intensity discharge lamps, also known as Xenon bulbs, uses a discharge into a cylinder filled with Xenon gas to increase the power of the light.
If you do a lot of driving in the country, upgrading to either of these can be a great way to be aware of deer or any other hazard on a dark road. Some people just like the way the extra power of the light looks. Sound Station and Security has LED bulbs, HID bulbs for a brighter glow and halogen bulbs if you like the softer, traditional look.


Chair layout, sensible or otherwise, is a wide category product that no home could do without. Appropriately after that, chair styles have only gotten popular with time. Seeking the possibility in need, developers from around the globe constantly style and develop chairs in various styles, kinds and forms making use of a series of products.
Chair, as apparent, share a vital part in every area. It contributes to the design, heat and convenience of your home. From living space to bed room, and from house office to garden patio area, chairs are an essential for every room. Selecting an ideal chair design can be a rigorous task; it needs you to take into consideration every facet consisting of material, finish, comfort designs and budget. It is also important to think about exactly how the particular chair would fair with various other things of interior decoration. Chairs form an indispensable part of any type of design mainly since a chair connects condition and also lifestyle in addition to emotion and convenience.
Whether you desire a chair for the dining-room or for your yard, whether it is for the office cabin or just a lounger for the living space, a chair should look fashionable and also really feel comfy. To ensure this, developers around the world have been creating varied chair designs from a series of materials including timber, iron, steel, plastic, ceramic, glass, marble and also other innovative materials you could consider. If you're a green style aficionado, you could even obtain chair developed in recycled product.
A chair transforms an ordinary room right into something stunning, however sometimes choosing which chair would certainly look great in a certain setting can come to be confusing. To assist you make a worthy option, we have actually below prepared an overview of various chair styles, styles as well as shapes you can select from.
Better understood as seat, a lounge chair is lengthy upholstered sofa designed fit of a chair. It showcases long curvy style, ideal for you to extend your legs conveniently. With its reclining back, it produces a perfect buddy to loosen up in your home or in the outdoors. In French, a seat is any kind of long reclining chair, and in English chaise lounge literally equates as 'lengthy chair.' So if you wish to put your feet up as well as relax, the chaise lounge is the best buy. Sure you can do that on any chair, however a lounge chair makes it a lot more reassuring and relaxing. Required ideas for your space, have a look at the most recent collection of chaise lounges and select your preferred style.
Rocking chair is a standard meaning of convenience and simplicity. Essentially, it is a chair with 2 rounded bands (called rockers) in the base of its legs that allow an individual to shake backward and forward by shifting their weight or pushing delicately with their feet. Previously, these chair layout were made of wood and also were utilized by the senior to read as well as unwind, yet in time they have ended up being prominent among individuals of every ages. Today, shaking chairs can be found in different shapes, colors, and styles and also are made from even more materials compared to simply wood. Interestingly, rocking chair is synonymous with parenting, like gentle rocking motion could relieve a baby, the backward and forward shaking movement of the shaking chair could place a resident to rest faster than resting stationary on an ordinary chair. Lookup our collection and discover shaking chairs that look as well as really feel terrific.
Patios, decks, yards as well as yards are popular for an excellent reason– these outside rooms create an impressive place for enjoyment and also household time. A collective term for patio area and also garden chairs, an outside chair is especially developed to bring convenience and function to these exterior areas. Outdoor chair layout is typically made of weather-resistant materials such as aluminum, steel and concrete so that it does not corrosion. Other prominent materials include timber, wicker, etc., but they request more upkeep as well as a favored lesser. Inspect out HomeCrux's varied selection of garden chairs, outdoor patio chairs, deck chairs, swings, and also more to offer a brand-new significance to your exterior space.
Chairs made from repurposed materials such as discarded wood, waste plastic, and made use of commercial pipelines etc. are called recycled chairs. Such chair design could assist enhance a green home in a similarly amazing and stylish method like the chairs made from finest of fresh materials. With the fast boost in demand for eco-friendly layout as well as sustainable living, designers around the globe are revealing an inclination toward the trend, transforming salvaged things into recycled furniture. Right here you will locate attractive and practical recycled chairs constructed of old bathtubs, shopping bags, aircraft parts, and so on. The high quality of each chair is impeccable as well as it aids produce an ecologically friendly residence.
We need an area within your house where the whole family members can gather for a dish or a quick treat. Since this is where the household needs to be seatsed pleasantly, an excellent size table with correct amount and also size of seatsing becomes necessary. Dining chairs are therefore primarily crafted to be made use of alongside a table for convenience during mealtime. From the layout standpoint, the eating chairs are created from a variety of products and in many styles. Despite the kind of dining chair design you're looking for, we have incredibly attractive as well as comfortable chairs in our collection to assist you enliven your dining-room.
A living room is where you kick back, and also delight in methods of home entertainment. Whether viewing your preferred TELEVISION show or delighting in a board video game, you have to be at your ease. The living area chair design assures to offer you the greatest convenience level, while also beautifying your home insides. It shows your design as well as it matches the rest of your design. To include seatsing to your living-room and to earn the living room cozier as well as inviting, check out an extensive variety of styles and also designs right from roomy elbow chairs to comfortable reclining chairs and pick items to couple with your existing furniture.


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Home » Sport » Man Utd ready to pay Julian Alvarez's £17m release clause and seal January transfer after beating four clubs to striker
Man Utd ready to pay Julian Alvarez's £17m release clause and seal January transfer after beating four clubs to striker
MANCHESTER UNITED are reportedly ready to pay River Plate star Julian Alvarez's release clause next month.
That is according to Sport, who claim that United could sign Alvarez during the January transfer window by triggering his €20million (£17m) buy out.
The striker's agent Fernando Hidalgo is expected to fly to England soon to discuss a potential transfer to the Red Devils with River Plate insisting they won't sell for less than his asking price.
The Manchester giants appear to have beaten off competition from the likes of Barcelona, Real Madrid, Inter Milan and Bayern Munich, who have also been keeping tabs on the Argentina international.
The 21-year-old sensation has taken Argentine football by storm by amassing a staggering 18 goals and seven assists in 21 matches so far this season.
Alvarez has a contract with River Plate until December 31, 2022 and the Argentine giants didn't seem keen on letting him go in January.
However, United are facing the prospect of losing either Anthony Martial or Edinson Cavani this month and see the youngster as the perfect replacement.
Cavani's contract runs out in June and has been approached by Barcelona as well as Juventus.
JORD WAG'S OWN GOAL
Everton furious with Jordan Pickford over his wife's 'anti-vax' posts
Champions League winner is totally unrecognisable 23-years after winning trophy
POINT PROVEN
Man Utd take fewer points than Sunderland in 2021 in England's 94-club table
LUK AT ME NOW
Lukaku tells Martinez to SNUB Chelsea transfer as he will return to Inter
Martial's agent has also revealed that his client wishes to leave Old Trafford.
The France international has been linked with a host of suitors, such as Sevilla who had a loan offer rejected by the Red Devils.
Alvarez joined River Plate's youth ranks in 2013 and earned a senior call-up just five years later.
The versatile centre-forward, who can also play on the wings, has been so impressive that he recently made the Argentina squad that won the Copa America last summer.
Twelve people crushed to death in NYE stampede at shrine in India
Amanda Holden, Myleene Klass and Rita Ora lead glam celebs who ditched wet Britain for sunkissed New Year's celebrations
01/01/2022 Sport Comments Off on Man Utd ready to pay Julian Alvarez's £17m release clause and seal January transfer after beating four clubs to striker


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www.IrieDale.com | Vybz Kartel's Defense Attorney Demands Access To Phone Records
Vybz Kartel's Defense Attorney Demands Access To Phone Records
Vybz Kartel's attorney is moving to gain access to the cell phones at the center of his murder appeal case.
As Vybz Kartel's Attorney-at-law Isat Buchanan gets ready to go before the Privy Council, he's attacked the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions in Jamaica and accused them of being shady and dodgy. His concerns mostly arise from the fact he's been frustrated in his attempts to get access to 'Exhibit 14C', the cellphone which allegedly contained controversial voice notes recorded by the deejay.
Buchanan accused the office of being deliberate in their actions and added that they were violating the constitutional rights of Vybz Kartel, real name Adidja Palmer. He spoke with Loop News Jamaica about the challenges that he and Kartel are facing. "Despite the attempts of myself and the Queen's Counsel, we have been unable to get access to the cellphone, which we believe has evidence of tampering," Buchanan told Loop News. He also accused them of purposely delaying his access to the phone.
He revealed that his team has written to agents in England and hoped that the Privy Council would make the DPP office release the phone as they are seeking to prove if it was tampered with. The voice notes in question have been a source of contention since the start of Kartel's murder case. Some of them, which were expletive-laden, were leaked during the trial after being played for jurors at the Home Circuit Court.
In one of the notes, someone says that their new shoes are missing and that if they aren't returned by eight o'clock that evening, the person responsible would be killed. Kartel and his co-accused are still waiting for their case to be heard before the Privy Council in the UK.
Buchanan said that aspect of the case is going smoothly, "We're still waiting on the final leave from the local (Court of Appeal) to go to the Privy Council. They have some housekeeping to do, but we have completed what we're supposed to do," Buchanan said.
The trio, Kartel, Shawn Storm, Jones, and St John are all serving mandatory life sentences for the murder of Clive 'Lizard' Williams. Following an appeal to the Court of Appeal, Vybz Kartel will be eligible for parole after serving 32-and-a-half years of his life sentence a reduction of just three years.


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Home Posts tagged Way Finders
MassMutual Foundation Provides Way Finders with $2 Million Grant
SPRINGFIELD — Way Finders and the MassMutual Foundation announced that Way Finders has been provided with a $2 million gift from the MassMutual Foundation to help fund its City of Homes (COH) initiative. This pilot program will address the need for quality, affordable homeownership opportunities in Springfield, the headquarters city of MassMutual and Way Finders.
"When a family has a stable, safe, and affordable home, it opens doors for upward mobility and opportunity. When a community invests in renovating or replacing dilapidated housing, it creates ripples of improvement that make neighborhoods better," said Keith Fairey, president and CEO of Way Finders. "Way Finders is thrilled to be a partner in this important project in the city of Springfield. Through this innovative program, we will improve housing stock, increase investment in the North End and Mason Square neighborhoods, and build family wealth in communities too-often excluded from homeownership."
COH will create homeownership opportunities for first-time homebuyers by leveraging the receivership process to acquire and rehabilitate single-family homes or properties for sale at affordable prices in pilot neighborhoods in Springfield. To qualify for the applicant lottery, prospective homebuyers must have either attended a first-time-homebuyer seminar with Way Finders or another certified organization and secured mortgage funding with MassHousing or a private lender.
"I want to thank the MassMutual Foundation for their continued belief and investment in Springfield," Mayor Domenic Sarno said. "The MassMutual Foundation and MassMutual continue to be excellent corporate citizens for our city. This generous grant to support Way Finders' City of Homes initiative will provide many Springfield families the opportunity to secure stable and affordable housing, increase the homeownership rate in our North End and Mason Square neighborhoods, and provide an opportunity for families to become proud homebuyers where they can start building equity in something they own — their home.
"This initiative is very similar to my administration's Buy Springfield Now initiative, a public and private collaboration, and our first-time homebuyers program, which has seen tremendous success in helping families achieve their dreams of homeownership," Sarno continued. "All of this enhances the quality of life in our neighborhoods and will help families start to build generational wealth in our communities."
By focusing on Springfield's North End and Mason Square neighborhoods, where 75% or more of the residents are Black or Hispanic and 50% or more live below the poverty line, the project will provide much-needed access to homeownership opportunities traditionally unavailable to many residents in these communities.
"Long emblematic of the American Dream, homeownership is foundational to building generational wealth," said Dennis Duquette, president of the MassMutual Foundation. "The MassMutual Foundation is very pleased to support the City of Homes program and help make this important goal more readily attainable for first-time homebuyers in our city's Mason Square and North End communities."
Since 2018, the MassMutual Foundation has supported Way Finders' financial-capability programming, which lays the groundwork for homeownership with financial education and first-time homebuyer workshops. Through the COH pilot program, Way Finders will be able to help Springfield residents turn this education into action as they become first-time homebuyers.
In 2022, Way Finders programs impacted the lives of more than 46,000 people through services including homelessness and foreclosure prevention, financial education and first-time homebuyer workshops, and small-business loans.
Way Finders Names Keith Fairey President and CEO
SPRINGFIELD — Way Finders' board of directors announced that Keith Fairey will serve as its next president and CEO, succeeding Peter Gagliardi, who will retire on June 30 after nearly 30 years of service with the organization.
Way Finders began a national search for its new CEO following Gagliardi's retirement announcement in December. The search process was led by six members of Way Finders' board of directors in partnership with consultants from Marcum LLP.
Fairey most recently served as senior vice president at Enterprise Community Partners Inc., where he led the management, oversight, and strategic guidance of Enterprise's 11 regional market teams across the U.S. Fairey has extensive experience in community development and real-estate finance, organizational development, and strategic planning. Enterprise Community Partners is a national nonprofit organization that brings leaders in policy and investment together to advance local affordable-housing development. Since its inception 35 years ago, Enterprise has created more than 660,000 homes nationwide with more than $50 billion in investment.
Prior to joining Enterprise, Keith was chief operating officer of Mount Hope Housing Co. in the Bronx, N.Y. He has also served as the assistant director of Community Pride, the community-building program of the Harlem Children's Zone.
Fairey has a master of public administration degree with a concentration in public finance and financial management from New York University's Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, and a bachelor's degree in history education from the University of Delaware.
"I am thrilled to be joining Way Finders as its next president and CEO," he said. "I am also extremely grateful to Peter Gagliardi for his tireless, compassionate, and transformative leadership in the region and Commonwealth. I look forward to working with the exceptional staff and committed board on furthering the organization's mission of lighting pathways and opening doors to homes and communities where people thrive. I believe our programs and services that support housing stability, economic security, and upward mobility are critical during this time of crisis and will be essential to an equitable recovery for our clients and communities."
Class of 2019 Difference Makers
Peter Gagliardi, President and CEO of Way Finders
By George O'Brien February 5, 2019
He's Spent a Career Bringing Home the Power of Collaboration
Like most school teachers working in the early '70s, Peter Gagliardi needed something to do during the summer — not just to keep him busy, but to help with cash flow during those 10 weeks when there were no paychecks coming in.
Early in the summer of 1973, his search for such an employment opportunity took him to a nonprofit called Rural Housing Improvement Inc. in Winchendon. After being told there were no part-time, temporary jobs to be had at the agency, he was further informed of a full-time, permanent position as director of property management that he might pursue if he was interested.
After doing a little soul searching — OK, a lot of soul searching — he convinced himself that he was interested.
"I had just signed a tenured contract, but I resigned and took a job with an organization that had secure funding for 30 days," he said in a voice that didn't accurately reflect the sizable risk he was taking. "And I've been doing housing ever since."
It was a big decision for the Gagliardi family, and, as things would turn out, a big one for countless other families as well.
Indeed, that job with a fledgling nonprofit would, as he said, lead to a career in housing. But actually, it's been a career in much more than that. In the nearly 30 years he's been president and CEO of Way Finders, the agency formerly known as HAPHousing and before that the Housing Allowance Project, he has helped to greatly expand both the mission and the nonprofit's influence far beyond its original charge — providing housing vouchers for those in need.
"I had just signed a tenured contract, but I resigned and took a job with an organization that had secure funding for 30 days."
While it still helps individuals and families secure a roof over their heads through vouchers and creation of new affordable-housing projects, it now helps people in many other ways, as its relatively new name suggests.
It helps them secure employment through job-training initiatives, for example, and also enables individuals to become homeowners by helping them save money, improve their credit, and take the other steps needed to buy a house. And it has stepped forward to help change the trajectory of entire blocks and neighborhoods.
That was the case on Byers Street in Springfield, a half-mile-long stretch that borders the Springfield Armory property and, ironically enough, sits across Pearl Street from Springfield Police headquarters. Ironic because, by the late '90s, Byers Street had become a hot spot for crime and, in most all ways, a blighted area.
It was (note the past tense) defined by perhaps its most famous, or infamous, piece of real estate — the Rainville Hotel.
Peter Gagliardi stands in front of the Way Finders-managed properties on Byers Street in Springfield, an area that has become a "different place" since the agency became involved.
"It was notorious," said Gagliardi, flashing back 15 to 20 years, adding that it had become a center for drug dealing and other illegal activities, and just one of several properties that were causing problems for abutters that included Springfield Technical Community College, the Quadrangle, St. Luke's Home (operated by the Sisters of Providence), the Diocese of Springfield, the Armory Street Commons apartment complex, and others.
HAPHousing stepped forward, partnered with other agencies (more on this later), and changed the fortunes of that area by taking down some derelict buildings and fixing up others. Today, it manages the Rainville, now an apartment complex, and several other properties, and the change on the street is palpable.
"You're seeing other property owners on the street investing in their homes," said Gagliardi, pointing out such initiatives as he walked the length of Byers Street with BusinessWest recently. "It's a much better place now."
The same can be said of the Old Hill section of the city, another area where Way Finders worked, again in partnership with other agencies and especially Springfield Neighborhood Housing Services, to bring about positive change in many ways. Dozens of new homes have been built, dozens more have been renovated, and scores of vacant lots have been put to better uses. Most importantly, residents are taking pride in their neighborhood — as well as responsibility for it — and the fabric of that neighborhood is becoming stronger.
"You're seeing other property owners on the street investing in their homes. It's a much better place now."
"There's always more to do, but Old Hill is a different place," said Gagliardi. "Since the houses were built that we've been involved with, people are choosing to buy homes there; that was just not happening before."
In a way, Byers Street, Old Hill, and what's happened in those areas have become living symbols of Gagliardi's energetic and imaginative approach to fulfilling and expanding the stated mission at Way Finders — "to light pathways and open doors to homes and communities where people thrive."
And they serve to help explain why he has long been a real Difference Maker in this region.
They call them 'Success Stories,' and that's pretty much an understatement.
These are poignant vignettes, if you will, created to help convey the many ways that Way Finders has evolved as an agency and how it has helped change the lives of the people it has touched.
People like Charles Winston, the single father of a 7-year-old boy, who was unemployed and living in a one-bedroom apartment with his son when he enrolled in Way Finders' Family Self-sufficiency (FSS) Program in 2014. He knew what he wanted to do — buy a home of his own someday — but also knew he had a laundry list of things he needed help with, from reliable childcare to a dependable vehicle; from full-time employment to credit repair. Long story short, Way Finders and its FSS program helped with all that. He secured a job with UPS, improved his credit score to 738, saved $22,391 in an escrow account established for him to buy a house, and in 2017, he became a home owner.
Peter Gagliardi and his staff at Way Finders have helped write many different kinds of success stories in recent years.
And also people like Minerva Gonzalez, who witnessed a sharp decline in the neighborhood in Holyoke in which she grew up and was now raising a family, and became determined to do something about it, only she didn't know where or how to begin.
After enrolling in Way Finders' Resident Leadership Program, she soon learned that community leaders often have a stronger voice than city officials. And she used hers to bring about change at H.B. Lawrence Elementary School and, specifically, a host of improvements to its playground.
You don't see Peter Gagliardi's picture accompanying these success stories. Instead, you see Charles Winston proudly holding up the keys to his house, and Minerva Gonzalez sitting atop a piece of playground equipment at her kids' school.
But he had a big hand in writing them, a pattern that began way back in 1973 when he decided to leave the classroom and take that full-time job with Rural Housing Improvement Inc.
But our story actually begins several years earlier, when Gagliardi was attending college. He met a volunteer with VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America) who was working in his hometown of Athol, and she introduced him to a housing problem he never knew existed.
"She showed me some atrocious housing conditions that people were living in and really brought the issue home," he recalled. "I never thought about us having poor people as neighbors — they were all friends. I didn't think about people living in really terrible living conditions, but there were some, and there weren't a lot of alternatives for people.
"I learned a little bit, and then I went off and finished school, did the teaching thing, and along came a job that was pretty much serendipity," he went on, retracing the start of his new career. "It got me involved in housing, and it became clear pretty quickly that this is where I should be."
At Rural Housing Improvement Inc., Gagliardi worked for a boss who gave him what he called "a wide-open portfolio," and he took full advantage, spending 13 years at the organization, rising to the rank of associate executive director, and, most importantly, learning a number of lessons he would apply later in his career, starting with his next stop.
"Along came a job that was pretty much serendipity. It got me involved in housing, and it became clear pretty quickly that this is where I should be."
That would be at the recently created Mass. Housing Partnership, part of the Executive Office of Communities and Development, in 1986.
There, he worked under Amy Anthony, who was, ironically enough, the first executive director of the Housing Allowance Project and would become a titan within the affordable-housing industry, transforming Massachusetts into a national leader in that realm (she passed away last December).
Gagliardi was recruited to be director of field operations for the Mass. Housing Partnership, and his job was to work with communities across the state to develop what were known as 'local housing partnerships.'
Peter Gagliardi says the Healthy Hill Initiative in Springfield's Old Hill neighborhood is just one example of the power of collaboration.
"The concept was, if you bring people together from different sectors and start focusing on the problem, then the interaction will add to the value of the work that you do," he explained. "You have the private sector, the public sector, and representatives of the community … you're tackling a common problem, and by doing it together, you get a better result than if any one of those sectors tried to do it on their own."
And results were achieved, he said, adding that Massachusetts soon set the tone for affordable-housing programs nationwide through imaginative, partnership-driven initiatives that changed the landscape in all kinds of ways.
"That was a very dynamic time in housing in Massachusetts," he recalled. "The governor [Michael Dukakis] was putting resources into it — these were the days of the Massachusetts Miracle — and allotted programs were created in Massachusetts, many of which still exist today," he told BusinessWest. "We became the envy of all the states in the country with the variety of programs we had and the effectiveness of those programs."
Gagliardi would eventually take the role of director of Private Housing at the Mass. Housing Partnership and would stay in that role for roughly a year.
By the end of 1990, however, the Dukakis administration was coming to an end, and he was looking for his next challenge.
He found it as president and CEO of the Housing Allowance Project, a position that, in many ways, took him back to his work with Rural Housing Improvement Inc. and the front lines of the housing problem in the western part of the state.
Over the past 28 years, the agency has grown and diversified its portfolio of services largely out of necessity, in a way that makes its mission more holistic in nature and worthy of that name Way Finders.
Gagliardi put all this into some kind of perspective:
"I think the most significant thing we've done is bring together a variety of services, all of which are complementary," he explained. "We've built the strength and the reputation to take on new challenges as they arise. More than any one specific program, what we've been able to do is generate impact for the community and the people we work with across a wide range of programmatic activities."
To explain this expansion of the mission, he returned to Byers Street, literally, where he pointed to the buildings, including the Rainville, that have been transformed from eyesores into attractive affordable housing, and talked about how it happened.
"This was one of Springfield's darkest hours in a lot of ways," he said, while setting the tone and explaining how Byers came to be the way it was. "Jobs had been declining for many years, people left their housing, places were vacant and abandoned; it was very difficult circumstances."
The agency's work there is a solid example of the importance of partnerships and bringing together groups with common goals to accomplish something they could not have done on their own, he said, adding that efforts to revitalize the area led to the creation of the Armory/Quadrangle Civic Assoc., which is still active today.
"We took the experience of doing some affordable-housing development, but in an urban setting, to use it as a way of bringing positive change to a neighborhood," he said, adding that the agency brought various officials and groups to see what was done there. And the results would inspire an even bigger initiative.
"When we had an open house for our second project there on Byers Street, we brought some people down in a bus from the Old Hill neighborhood," he recalled. "And I can remember the head of the Old Hill Neighborhood Council saying, 'why can't we do this in my neighborhood?'"
Soon thereafter, they did, in what became perhaps an even better example of the power of partnerships.
By the early 2000s, there were 150 vacant lots in Old Hill, a neighborhood in the vicinity of Springfield College, which represented maybe 10% of all the residential lots.
"We knew we couldn't just go in, do a couple of houses, and make a difference — we needed a different strategy," he explained, adding that, in collaboration with a host of partners, including the college, Habitat for Humanity, the neighborhood council, Springfield Neighborhood Housing Services, Revitalize Community Development Corp., and others, a plan was crafted to acquire many of the vacant lots (often from the city in tax title) and putting new homes on them.
Meanwhile, many other homes were rehabbed, and a host of agencies came together for what became known as the Healthy Hill Initiative, a project focused on two of the primary social determinants of health — public safety and access to physical activity.
"The secret to success, in my mind, is collaboration," he told BusinessWest. "One of the things that I'm mindful of is that we would not have done any of this on our own."
He was talking about Old Hill, but that sentiment applies to many of the initiatives the agency involves itself with, and collaboration is just one of the managerial mindsets that Gagliardi has brought with him to work for the past 45 years or so.
"We've built the strength and the reputation to take on new challenges as they arise. More than any one specific program, what we've been able to do is generate impact for the community and the people we work with across a wide range of programmatic activities."
Overall, he said his goal has been to hire people who, like him, have a passion for this kind of work and can realize that, while the work is often difficult and bound tightly in red tape, there are many rewards.
"We're working here because, at the end of the day when we go home, sometimes tired from all the complexities of the programs we run, we can take pride in the fact that, because of what we did today, somebody is in housing they wouldn't otherwise have had," he told BusinessWest. "It might be a homeless family has found a place to call home or a family that was in danger of being evicted has solved their problem. That's much different than coming home and saying, 'well, I made another buck for the shareholders,' and that's what keeps us coming back the next day."
Looking back on that fateful decision he made back in 1973, he said he has no regrets at all and is simply thankful for that bit of serendipity.
"It's been good work," he said with a wide smile on his face. "There is where I should have been."
As he talked about his work with Mass. Housing Partnership, Gagliardi took a few minutes to reflect on the many ways Amy Anthony influenced his career.
"She was inspiring," he told BusinessWest. "She was full of energy and open to ideas. I would go to her with an idea, she'd think about it, we'd talk about it, and she'd say, 'OK, I like it; run with it.'"
One could use many of those same descriptive words and phrases when talking about her eventual successor. Also full of energy and open to ideas, he has built upon her legacy and helped write countless success stories like those mentioned earlier.
And he's come a long way since he stepped into the offices of the Rural Housing Improvement Inc. looking for a summer job. Instead he found a career and, indirectly, a path to the stage at the Log Cabin on March 30, where he'll be honored for what he has truly become.
A real Difference Maker.


I will be honest I haven't always looked after my skin. I didn't really heed my mums words of wisdom in which she used to always say take good care of your skin, you only get one. Her pearls of wisdom were simple, make sure you take your make-up off at night, never sleep in it, cleanse, tone and moisturise. Try to drink plenty of water and always wear sun cream.
In my early twenties on nights out I would get home and couldn't be bothered to take make-up off (don't judge). I owned cleanser and toner but they hardly ever came out of the cupboard, let alone near my face. The only thing I did do occasionally was moisturise as I have dry skin and of course drink water occasionally. Nowhere near enough though.
As I've gotten older I have realised the errors of my ways. So heed the advice now, it isn't too late. If you don't want to walk around resembling a crocodile handbag, take action. I now regularly use toner and a good quality moisturiser (Clarins HydraQuench cream being a favourite) but recently I stumbled across SK-II skin signature melting rich cream.
A luxury skin care beauty must have from Japan, the SK stands for Secret Key ingredient. I at this point yawned, I always think if a product is good, well it doesn't need any hyperbole.
But the more I read people raving about it, I thought there has to be something in it. When I found out Cate Blanchett was their ambassador, I thought well Cate looks bloody good with her clear and radiant skin.
The product itself is a luxuriously rich creamy balm. It is extremely thick in consistency.
It comes with its own scoop, which taking a bit I heat in my hands, the balm melts into a luxurious non greasy cream. It is fragrance free. There is the temptation to not use the scooper but resist the urge. No matter how clean you think your hands are, they are not and you will put dirt and bacteria into your moisturiser.
Now the moisturiser is on the costly side over £100, but it lasts absolutely ages, a little bit goes a long way. My current jar has lasted about seven months.
I use mine at night and wake up with lovely moisturised skin. Now if you purchase this moisturiser and are expecting miracles overnight don't bother this works on perseverance. After two months I could really feel and see a difference. My rosacea is less, the texture of my skin is smoother and dark circles around my eyes are less.
There is lots of science behind the brand which some of you might be interested in.
In a Japanese Sake factory staff began to notice that workers hands were youthful in comparison to the skin on their faces. Scientists worked hard to work out what was causing the youthfulness and isolated Piteria which has loads of vitamins, amino acids and minerals.
If you haven't guessed by now SK-II skin signature melting rich cream secret key ingredient is Piteria.
SK-II do lots of other wonderful products that I am excited to try. What is your beauty must have? Any recommendations?
This looks lovely! I'm rubbish at looking after my skin too, my mum always had good skin care but I'm just lazy. I'm the same as you, I only really moisturise but lately I've been making effort to remove my makeup at night too. Worst blogger ever. Ha.
Great review, Lucy. I've never heard of this cream before. It is nice that it has a scoop so that germs don't get in. I love products that think about that.
Never heard of this brand before - but I love a good facecream! I'm in love with my Clarins one at the moment, but my purse strings don't appreciate that purchase, so might have to take a look at this.


This Privacy Notice explains how we at Ceol Mor Bed and Breakfast use any personal information we collect about you.
When you make a booking with us we collect the names of all the guests who will be staying, the Home address, email address and telephone number of the person making the booking. We also collect a debit or credit card number to confirm the reservation.
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Neither we nor beds24 will share your information with any third party unless there is a legal reason for doing so.
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text:
#ifndef EAP_I_H
#define EAP_I_H

#include "utils/wpabuf.h"
#include "eap.h"
#include "eap_common.h"
#include "eap_config.h"
#include "esp_wpa2.h"

/* RFC 4137 - EAP Peer state machine */

typedef enum {
	DECISION_FAIL, DECISION_COND_SUCC, DECISION_UNCOND_SUCC
} EapDecision;

typedef enum {
	METHOD_NONE, METHOD_INIT, METHOD_CONT, METHOD_MAY_CONT, METHOD_DONE
} EapMethodState;

/**
 * struct eap_method_ret - EAP return values from struct eap_method::process()
 *
 * These structure contains OUT variables for the interface between peer state
 * machine and methods (RFC 4137, Sect. 4.2). eapRespData will be returned as
 * the return value of struct eap_method::process() so it is not included in
 * this structure.
 */
struct eap_method_ret {
	/**
	 * ignore - Whether method decided to drop the current packed (OUT)
	 */
	Boolean ignore;

	/**
	 * methodState - Method-specific state (IN/OUT)
	 */
	EapMethodState methodState;

	/**
	 * decision - Authentication decision (OUT)
	 */
	EapDecision decision;

	/**
	 * allowNotifications - Whether method allows notifications (OUT)
	 */
	Boolean allowNotifications;
};

struct eap_sm;

struct eap_method {
	/**
	 * vendor -EAP Vendor-ID
	 */
	int vendor;

	/**
	 * method - EAP type number
	 */
	EapType method;

	/**
	 * name - Name of the method (e.g., "TLS")
	 */
	const char *name;

	struct eap_method *next;

	void * (*init)(struct eap_sm *sm);
	void (*deinit)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv);
	struct wpabuf * (*process)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv,
				   struct eap_method_ret *ret,
				   const struct wpabuf *reqData);
	bool (*isKeyAvailable)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv);
	u8 * (*getKey)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv, size_t *len);
	int (*get_status)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv, char *buf,
			  size_t buflen, int verbose);
	const u8 * (*get_identity)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv, size_t *len);
	void (*free)(struct eap_method *method);
	bool (*has_reauth_data)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv);
	void (*deinit_for_reauth)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv);
	void * (*init_for_reauth)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv);
	u8 * (*getSessionId)(struct eap_sm *sm, void *priv, size_t *len);
};

#define CLIENT_CERT_NAME	"CLC"
#define CA_CERT_NAME		"CAC"
#define PRIVATE_KEY_NAME	"PVK"
#define BLOB_NAME_LEN		3
#define BLOB_NUM		3

enum SIG_WPA2 {
    SIG_WPA2_START = 0,
    SIG_WPA2_RX,
    SIG_WPA2_TASK_DEL,
    SIG_WPA2_MAX,
};

/**
 * struct eap_sm - EAP state machine data
 */
struct eap_sm {
	void *eap_method_priv;

	void *ssl_ctx;

	unsigned int workaround;
/////////////////////////////////////////////////
        struct pbuf *outbuf;
	struct wpa_config_blob blob[BLOB_NUM];
	struct eap_peer_config config;
	u8 current_identifier;
	u8 ownaddr[ETH_ALEN];
#ifdef USE_WPA2_TASK
    	u8 wpa2_sig_cnt[SIG_WPA2_MAX];
#endif
	u8 finish_state;

	int init_phase2;
	bool peap_done;

	u8 *eapKeyData;
	size_t eapKeyDataLen;
	struct wpabuf *lastRespData;
	const struct eap_method *m;
};

typedef enum {
    WPA2_STATE_ENABLED = 0,
    WPA2_STATE_DISABLED,
} wpa2_state_t;

const u8 * eap_get_config_identity(struct eap_sm *sm, size_t *len);
const u8 * eap_get_config_password(struct eap_sm *sm, size_t *len);
const u8 * eap_get_config_password2(struct eap_sm *sm, size_t *len, int *hash);
const u8 * eap_get_config_new_password(struct eap_sm *sm, size_t *len);
struct eap_peer_config * eap_get_config(struct eap_sm *sm);
const struct wpa_config_blob * eap_get_config_blob(struct eap_sm *sm, const char *name);
bool wifi_sta_get_enterprise_disable_time_check(void);

struct wpabuf * eap_sm_build_identity_resp(struct eap_sm *sm, u8 id, int encrypted);

#endif /* EAP_I_H */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Spent three days up in Dublin last week shooting the Web Summit for Irish Tech News. You can check some of my shots from there – here, here and here. What a great event this was. Such a pity that after 4 years that saw attendance grow from 400 people in 2011 to 42,000 in 2015 that it is now leaving Dublin. From next year and for three years it will be in Lisbon. Do hope it returns to these shores.
In a bit of a rush today, so here is a quick post. The first is a DSLR shot. I will let you imagine what is going on here for yourselves.
And this #shotoniPhone6 image is from Vilnius.
This entry was posted in Daily posts to Flickr, iPhone, photograph posts, Street Photography and tagged Apple Shot on iPhone 6, Brendan Ó Sé, Brendan Ó Sé Apple Photo, Brendan Ó Sé photography, Brendan Ó Sé workshops, iPhone Street Photography, Irish Tech News, photography, Sheep, Shot on iPhone 6, street photography, Vilnius, Web Summit 2015.


text:
Q: Evaluate $ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\sin \ n}{ n } $ using the fourier series I am a beginner with Fourier series and I have to evaluate the sum
$$\sum_{n  =1}^{\infty}{\sin\left(n\right) \over n}$$
I don't know which function I have to take to evaluate the fourier series ...
Someone can give me a hint ?
Thanks in advance!

A: $\newcommand{\+}{^{\dagger}}%
 \newcommand{\angles}[1]{\left\langle #1 \right\rangle}%
 \newcommand{\braces}[1]{\left\lbrace #1 \right\rbrace}%
 \newcommand{\bracks}[1]{\left\lbrack #1 \right\rbrack}%
 \newcommand{\ceil}[1]{\,\left\lceil #1 \right\rceil\,}%
 \newcommand{\dd}{{\rm d}}%
 \newcommand{\ds}[1]{\displaystyle{#1}}%
 \newcommand{\equalby}[1]{{#1 \atop {= \atop \vphantom{\huge A}}}}%
 \newcommand{\expo}[1]{\,{\rm e}^{#1}\,}%
 \newcommand{\fermi}{\,{\rm f}}%
 \newcommand{\floor}[1]{\,\left\lfloor #1 \right\rfloor\,}%
 \newcommand{\half}{{1 \over 2}}%
 \newcommand{\ic}{{\rm i}}%
 \newcommand{\iff}{\Longleftrightarrow}
 \newcommand{\imp}{\Longrightarrow}%
 \newcommand{\isdiv}{\,\left.\right\vert\,}%
 \newcommand{\ket}[1]{\left\vert #1\right\rangle}%
 \newcommand{\ol}[1]{\overline{#1}}%
 \newcommand{\pars}[1]{\left( #1 \right)}%
 \newcommand{\partiald}[3][]{\frac{\partial^{#1} #2}{\partial #3^{#1}}}
 \newcommand{\pp}{{\cal P}}%
 \newcommand{\root}[2][]{\,\sqrt[#1]{\,#2\,}\,}%
 \newcommand{\sech}{\,{\rm sech}}%
 \newcommand{\sgn}{\,{\rm sgn}}%
 \newcommand{\totald}[3][]{\frac{{\rm d}^{#1} #2}{{\rm d} #3^{#1}}}
 \newcommand{\ul}[1]{\underline{#1}}%
 \newcommand{\verts}[1]{\left\vert\, #1 \,\right\vert}$
$\ds{\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}{\sin\pars{n} \over n} = \half\pars{\,\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}{\sin\pars{n} \over n} - 1}.\quad}$  See $\large\tt details$
over here .

\begin{align}
\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}{\sin\pars{n} \over n}&=
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}{\sin{x} \over x}\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}\expo{2n\pi x\ic}
\,\dd x
=
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\half\int_{-1}^{1}\expo{\ic kx}\,\dd k
\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}\expo{-2n\pi x\ic}\,\dd x
\\[3mm]&=
\pi\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}\int_{-1}^{1}\dd k
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\expo{\ic\pars{k - 2n\pi}x}\,{\dd x \over 2\pi}
=
\pi\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}\int_{-1}^{1}\delta\pars{k - 2n\pi}\,\dd k
\\[3mm]&=
\pi\sum_{n = -\infty}^{\infty}\Theta\pars{{1 \over 2\pi} - \verts{n}}
= \pi\,\Theta\pars{1 \over 2\pi} = \pi
\end{align}

Then,
$$\color{#0000ff}{\large%
\sum_{n = 1}^{\infty}{\sin\pars{n} \over n} = \half\pars{\pi - 1}}
$$

A: What is the function that has its fourier coefficients $A_n=0$ and $B_n = \frac{1}{n}$, i.e
$$
f(x) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n} \sin(n x)$$
Once you have figured out $f(x)$, find $f(1)$.
By the way $f(x)$ is a "standard" function in engineering analysis.

A: By the way, note that $\frac{\sin n}{n}$ is exactly the n-th Fourier coefficient of the function
$
 \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2}}\chi_{[-1,1]}(x).
$
Since $\chi_{[-1,1]}(x)$ has a compact support, one can use the Poisson formula:
$$
    \sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} \widehat{\chi_{[-1,1]}}(n) = \sqrt{2\pi} \sum_{n \in \mathbb{Z}} \chi_{[-1,1]}(2\pi n) = \sqrt{2\pi},
$$
and get
$$
   \sum_{n\in\mathbb{Z}} \frac{\sin n}{n} = \pi.
$$

A: Hint: $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{\sin (n)}{n}= \text{Im }\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{e^{in}}{n}=\text{Im } \sum_{n=1}^\infty \int_0^1 x^{n-1} \mathrm{d} x \bigg|_{x=e^i}=\text{Im } \int_0^1 \frac{\mathrm{d} x}{1-x} \bigg|_{x=e^i}=\text{Im Log }(1-e^i) $$


Ever read a book you wanted to like, and did like… but sort of didn't like at the same time?
It's never too late to find the right person… and yourself along the way.
Micky Ferro has lived her entire life according to other people's expectations. She married a man, had two children, and became a dutiful stay-at-home mom in suburban Sydney. Until she realized, with a little help from her best friend, that her picture-perfect life wasn't making her happy.
On the first anniversary of her divorce, Micky decides it's time for the next step in her journey and gets a job at her neighborhood coffeeshop, The Pink Bean. Becoming a barista sparks a big change in Micky's daily routine, but could loud-spoken American customer Robin do the same for her love life?
Don't miss the first book in this heart-warming new series from the bestselling author of the French Kissing and High Rise series.
This book was pretty good, but it had its weak moments.
I love later-in-life coming out stories, but I didn't love how often the main character repeated the same worries. It felt like it could have been a shorter book had she gotten through her issues faster, been less resistant to change, or had more to really worry about.
I also didn't like how she cared SO MUCH about how everyone else's life had to "change" because she came out. I understand that there is an adjustment period for everyone when someone announces something like the fact that they are gay, but I don't believe it's really as traumatic for people as some might say it is.
IMO, those who are traumatized by a person in their life coming out need to look at themselves and think about why their opinion and comfort is more important to them than the choices and happiness of a loved one.
But I liked the love story between Micky and her new flame, and I liked the happy ending. If there's anything we on the LGBTQ spectrum need more of these days, it's that.
I give this book three of five stars for being an interesting, if slightly problematic, later-in-life coming out story with a great romance. It's also a promising first book in the series.


text:
Q: I want to export an excel from mysql database. I want to have the column name from users with the help of check box this is my normal CSV query. I want to take the column name from user input. like with a form containing checkbox or dropdown. how should I modify it? I have tried checkbox but isset($_POST["checkboxname"]) is not working.
<?php
    include("../../../config.php");
    //if(isset($_POST["submit"])){

    $xls_filename = 'export_'.date('Y-m-d').'.xls'; // Define Excel (.xls) file name
    $start_date=$_POST["date_time"];
    $sql_ex = "Select device_name,description,card,device_module,uid FROM device";
    $result = @mysql_query($sql_ex,$conn) or die("Failed to execute query:
" . mysql_error(). "
" . mysql_errno());

    // Header info settings
    header("Content-Type: application/xls");
    header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=$xls_filename");
    header("Pragma: no-cache");
    header("Expires: 0");

    /***** Start of Formatting for Excel *****/
    // Define separator (defines columns in excel & tabs in word)
    $sep = "\t"; // tabbed character

    // Start of printing column names as names of MySQL fields
    for ($i = 0; $i<mysql_num_fields($result); $i++) {
      echo mysql_field_name($result, $i) . "\t";
    }
    print("\n");
    // End of printing column names

    // Start while loop to get data
    while($row = mysql_fetch_row($result))
    {
      $schema_insert = "";
      for($j=0; $j<mysql_num_fields($result); $j++)
      {
        if(!isset($row[$j])) {
          $schema_insert .= "NULL".$sep;
        }
        elseif ($row[$j] != "") {
          $schema_insert .= "$row[$j]".$sep;
        }
        else {
          $schema_insert .= "".$sep;
        }
      }
      $schema_insert = str_replace($sep."$", "", $schema_insert);
      $schema_insert = preg_replace("/\r\n|\n\r|\n|\r/", " ", $schema_insert);
      $schema_insert .= "\t";
      print(trim($schema_insert));
      print "\n";
    }

    ?>

A: Firstly that is not Excel format. You're making a tsv file (and corrupting data by removing line break characters). Use fputcsv and write straight to output, it will escape your data properly so you don't have to.
For your column selector, set an associative array with column names as keys and user-friendly labels as values. Use a form with checkboxes created from iterating the array, all with name="columns[]" and value set to column name and label echoed next to checkbox. in the part of the script reading the received values, first check if isset($_POST['columns']) and then if each value in the posted value array actually exists in your first array. If everything's okay, implode() the POSTed columns to use in your query.

Something to start you off, you don't have to use POST with a form that only reads data:

<?php
$columns = [
    'device_name' => 'Device name',
    'description' => 'Description',
    ...
];

// validate
if (isset($_GET['columns'])) {
    if (!is_array($_GET['columns'])) {
        unset($_GET['columns']);
    }
    else {
        foreach ($_GET['columns'] as $k => $column) {
            if (!is_string($column) || !isset($columns[$column])) {
                unset($_GET['columns'][$k]);
            }
        }
        if ($_GET['columns']) {
            $_GET['columns'] = array_values($_GET['columns']);
        }
        else {
            unset($_GET['columns']);
        }
    }
}

// no (valid) column selection
if (!isset($_GET['columns']) {?>
    <form action="">
        <?php foreach ($columns as $column => $label) {?>
            <input type=checkbox value="<?php echo $column;?>">
                <?php echo $label;?>
        <?php }?>
    ...
<?php }
else {
    ...
    $sql_ex = 'SELECT ' . implode(', ', $_GET['columns']) . ' FROM device';
    ...
    // column headings
    fputcsv($output, array_intersect_key($columns, array_flip($_GET['columns'])));
    // output rows
    ...
}


On October 26, 2012 representatives of VTB Leasing Group and OAO AK Transaero airline signed an agreement for leasing of four new Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft. The planes will be provided under a 10-year financial lease arrangement.
Delivery of aircraft from the Boeing manufacturing facility is scheduled for 2014.
In 2012 Transaero airline was recognized as the best airline in Eastern Europe. It received a World Airline Award (established and awarded by Skytrax agency).
The airline has the largest fleet of long-range wide-body aircraft in Russia, CIS and Eastern Europe.
Transaero's flight route network covers over 160 destinations in Russia and countries of Europe, Asia, Americas and Africa.
Boeing 787 aircraft is a unique product of Boeing Corporation. Modern composite materials are widely used in manufacturing of this aircraft. Boeing 787 Dreamliners ordered by Transaero have 260 passenger seats and the maximum flight distance of 15,700 km.


text:
Berkhamsted Group - 01.04.2020
We are pleased to announce that our Principal has been named Chair of the HMC for 2021/22
Berkhamsted Schools Group Principal named HMC Chair for 2021-22
Berkhamsted Schools Group Principal Richard Backhouse has been named Chair of the HMC (Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference), which represents top independent schools, for 2021-22 and will be leading this association in addition to his position as Principal of Berkhamsted Schools Group.
The HMC (the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference) is a professional Association of heads of the world's leading independent schools. HMC's schools are individual and distinctive offering parents a rich variety of options when choosing the right education for their child. HMC schools include St Albans Boys School, St Albans High School for Girls, Aldenham and more distant schools from Cornwall to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. International schools include the Kellett School in Hong Kong where the Principal is Mark Steed, formerly Principal of the Berkhamsted Schools Group. Members include Eton, Wellington College, Royal Grammar School Guildford, Winchester and Harrow .
Richard Backhouse has been Principal of Berkhamsted Schools Group since January 2016. His previous employment includes factory work on a kibbutz in Israel, bar work in a hotel in the French Alps, and running a bar in his hometown, he read Economics at Cambridge, expecting to go on to be a journalist. Experience coaching sport to children in summer holidays for a charity gave him a sense of the value of teaching, and so he went to Oundle School in 1990, expecting to teach only briefly before returning to university to do a PhD, but stayed for six years before moving to Bradfield College. At these schools he variously taught Economics, coached rowing and football, ran a Christian Union, and acquired managerial and leadership experience both running a boarding house and as Director of Pastoral and Extra-curricular activities. In 2005, he was appointed Principal at Monkton Combe School – an all through group of Schools – where he developed the scope and depth of the pupils' opportunities and achievements.
Leading through a period of change
After his new appointment had been announced, Richard said: "I am honoured to have been chosen to lead this Association during what will be a very important year for the education sector following the unprecedented challenges the sector is currently facing. We will be adapting from what has been a period of change in teaching, with many schools in the independent sector delivering a remote learning environment and finding new stimulating ways to teach from a distance. I hope that the many lessons we have learnt as a sector during these past few weeks can help us drive forward in our educational partnerships to help pupils in a variety of situations."
Berkhamsted Schools Group has a partnership with Denbigh High School, Luton and the Wren Academy Trust, London and local primary school, Hawridge and Cholesbury. Under Mr Backhouse's leadership Berkhamsted Schools Group was recently highlighted as an example of best practice in a report to Parliament from the Social Mobility Commission (April 2019) for its state partnerships.
Richard said "100% of HMC Schools have partnerships with the state sector, and the benefit of the HMC to the educational sector as a whole is most obvious through these relationships. We have an opportunity to be at the forefront of the whole sector learning to digitise teaching – for remote learning where appropriate – while still securing the character education for which HMC schools are rightly famous all over the world. I look forward to serving the HMC, as it serves the sector, in 2021/22."


This is an excellent opportunity for a motivated and ambitious individual who is looking to progress their career within the retail motor business and become a qualified Technician. This person will probably have an Independent garage/fast fit back ground; will need to show the initiative to learn quickly and develop the confidence to carry out servicing and repairs to the high standard our customers expect.
The successful applicant can look forward to a secure career with a professional local company and benefit from a Ford Motor Company training programme.
Contact/email Peter Elkins with full CV and covering letter.


I have not reviewed a lipstick for a quite a long time. So, in this post I will share a review of another budget friendly lipstick which is Streetwear Color Rich Lip Color in Red wine.
Price- 160 INR for 3.5 gm.
About this Lipstick- Creamy in texture, Street Wear Color Rich Lip Color is highly moisturizing lipstick. It possesses long staying power and does not fade off or gets smudged. Moreover it comes in nice packaging and is quite affordable.
My experience- This is my second lipstick form the Streetwear Color Rich Range. This lipstick has a plastic packaging that looks okay.
The bullet is sturdy enough and does not break while using.
This shade that I get is Red wine, but its just a red color. I do not see any other undertones or wine colored shade.
Pigmentation is okay. I wont call it as a pigmentation in a single swipe as you need to build it by swiping it more, which I think can be great as for them you want a sheer red color. One thing that I would like to mention is that it does not stain at all in spite of it being a red color. Just wipe it off with a tissue or cotton and it feels as if it wasn't there on your lips ever.
Stay power is average. Last for only 2-3 hours.
Overall, I would say that it is an average lipstick at the price but I really liked the first one that I got in Pink Angel. It is good for those who want a pocket friendly lip color especially red and would not like to go for super intense reds then this color would be suitable.
My Take: Budget Friendly, affordable lipstick with a beautiful color though less on the staying power. No harm in trying at least one from this range as they have so many colors to choose from.
The colour looks very nice on you!
So cute heart swatches...and it's a lovely colour..
Thank you Prachi. Glad you loved the swatches.
Hey, looks like you're ready for Valentines day ;) Nice review!
Nice review Niesha :). Looks like a great budget buy lipstick!
Loved the heart swatches!!! And the rich wine colour looks great on ur lips.
Lipsticks normally bring out the addict in me, and now that I am thinking of adding a couple of themto my stash, evevrywhere, evevry one is coming up with beautiful shades and no doubt you are one of them!!
I had been craving for some wines which I could wear as stains. Might be getting this one.
Your lips always look so gorgeous!!
Thank you Nivedita. but if you are thinking of wearing lip colors, more or less like stains then skip this one, this does not stain and have only average staying power. However, i will recommend the Inglot ones.
Niesha, how are you now?
The shade is brilliant and that too for a budget range, it's really very lovely.
Glad you like the shade and its a budget buy too.
Aww! the cute hearts you made ^.^ They really look enough for the price they are sold.
Absolutely dear, they are good for the price. what else we can ask.?
Will do it soon dear!!


This work, Caribbean Steps, is what I am calling a 'hybrid' or 'fusion'. The basis was a really low resolution digital picture taken in low light. Not a great shot by any stretch of the imagination. I cleaned the shot up in Photoshop, fixing all of the usual things; brightness, contrast, hue and saturation, until I got a photo that was better than the original snap. Then I manufactured an HDR set of pictures, using the RAW exposure settings and saving them off so the exposures were ranged from -1.0, to 3.0. I generated the HDR in Photomatix and did the Tone Mapping, leaning somewhat more to the 'overdone' side of HDR - clearly a bit more surreal than the actual scene - and a lot brighter.
Once I had this, I picked the color palette, and saved that and I rendered a simple B&W sketch in Photoshop from the HDR photo. I painted the sketch in sticking to the color palette using primarily watercolor and texture brushes.
Once that was done, I masked in the HDR shot using a texture brush, with the painting to emphasize some of the more detailed elements of the scene (flowerpot, drainpipe, lantern) to allow these to be more realistic than the 'stained glass' painting effect on the rest of the scene.
By the way, the original shot was taken at a restaurant in St. Thomas, at The Old Stone Farmhouse, at around 8pm in December. The colors were all there in the stones, but were far more muted, particularly given the light. This is how I imagined the scene should look in full daylight.


text:
"""
A decoder that uses stacks to implement phrase-based translation.

In phrase-based translation, the source sentence is segmented into
phrases of one or more words, and translations for those phrases are
used to build the target sentence.

Hypothesis data structures are used to keep track of the source words
translated so far and the partial output. A hypothesis can be expanded
by selecting an untranslated phrase, looking up its translation in a
phrase table, and appending that translation to the partial output.
Translation is complete when a hypothesis covers all source words.

The search space is huge because the source sentence can be segmented
in different ways, the source phrases can be selected in any order,
and there could be multiple translations for the same source phrase in
the phrase table. To make decoding tractable, stacks are used to limit
the number of candidate hypotheses by doing histogram and/or threshold
pruning.

Hypotheses with the same number of words translated are placed in the
same stack. In histogram pruning, each stack has a size limit, and
the hypothesis with the lowest score is removed when the stack is full.
In threshold pruning, hypotheses that score below a certain threshold
of the best hypothesis in that stack are removed.

Hypothesis scoring can include various factors such as phrase
translation probability, language model probability, length of
translation, cost of remaining words to be translated, and so on.

References:
Philipp Koehn. 2010. Statistical Machine Translation.
Cambridge University Press, New York.
"""

import warnings
from collections import defaultdict
from math import log

class StackDecoder(object):
    """
    Phrase-based stack decoder for machine translation

    >>> from nltk.translate import PhraseTable
    >>> phrase_table = PhraseTable()
    >>> phrase_table.add(('niemand',), ('nobody',), log(0.8))
    >>> phrase_table.add(('niemand',), ('no', 'one'), log(0.2))
    >>> phrase_table.add(('erwartet',), ('expects',), log(0.8))
    >>> phrase_table.add(('erwartet',), ('expecting',), log(0.2))
    >>> phrase_table.add(('niemand', 'erwartet'), ('one', 'does', 'not', 'expect'), log(0.1))
    >>> phrase_table.add(('die', 'spanische', 'inquisition'), ('the', 'spanish', 'inquisition'), log(0.8))
    >>> phrase_table.add(('!',), ('!',), log(0.8))

    >>> #  nltk.model should be used here once it is implemented
    >>> from collections import defaultdict
    >>> language_prob = defaultdict(lambda: -999.0)
    >>> language_prob[('nobody',)] = log(0.5)
    >>> language_prob[('expects',)] = log(0.4)
    >>> language_prob[('the', 'spanish', 'inquisition')] = log(0.2)
    >>> language_prob[('!',)] = log(0.1)
    >>> language_model = type('',(object,),{'probability_change': lambda self, context, phrase: language_prob[phrase], 'probability': lambda self, phrase: language_prob[phrase]})()

    >>> stack_decoder = StackDecoder(phrase_table, language_model)

    >>> stack_decoder.translate(['niemand', 'erwartet', 'die', 'spanische', 'inquisition', '!'])
    ['nobody', 'expects', 'the', 'spanish', 'inquisition', '!']

    """
    def __init__(self, phrase_table, language_model):
        """
        :param phrase_table: Table of translations for source language
            phrases and the log probabilities for those translations.
        :type phrase_table: PhraseTable

        :param language_model: Target language model. Must define a
            ``probability_change`` method that calculates the change in
            log probability of a sentence, if a given string is appended
            to it.
            This interface is experimental and will likely be replaced
            with nltk.model once it is implemented.
        :type language_model: object
        """
        self.phrase_table = phrase_table
        self.language_model = language_model

        self.word_penalty = 0.0
        """
        float: Influences the translation length exponentially.
            If positive, shorter translations are preferred.
            If negative, longer translations are preferred.
            If zero, no penalty is applied.
        """

        self.beam_threshold = 0.0
        """
        float: Hypotheses that score below this factor of the best
            hypothesis in a stack are dropped from consideration.
            Value between 0.0 and 1.0.
        """

        self.stack_size = 100
        """
        int: Maximum number of hypotheses to consider in a stack.
            Higher values increase the likelihood of a good translation,
            but increases processing time.
        """

        self.__distortion_factor = 0.5
        self.__compute_log_distortion()

    @property
    def distortion_factor(self):
        """
        float: Amount of reordering of source phrases.
            Lower values favour monotone translation, suitable when
            word order is similar for both source and target languages.
            Value between 0.0 and 1.0. Default 0.5.
        """
        return self.__distortion_factor

    @distortion_factor.setter
    def distortion_factor(self, d):
        self.__distortion_factor = d
        self.__compute_log_distortion()

    def __compute_log_distortion(self):
        # cache log(distortion_factor) so we don't have to recompute it
        # when scoring hypotheses
        if self.__distortion_factor == 0.0:
            self.__log_distortion_factor = log(1e-9)  # 1e-9 is almost zero
        else:
            self.__log_distortion_factor = log(self.__distortion_factor)

    def translate(self, src_sentence):
        """
        :param src_sentence: Sentence to be translated
        :type src_sentence: list(str)

        :return: Translated sentence
        :rtype: list(str)
        """
        sentence = tuple(src_sentence)  # prevent accidental modification
        sentence_length = len(sentence)
        stacks = [_Stack(self.stack_size, self.beam_threshold)
                  for _ in range(0, sentence_length + 1)]
        empty_hypothesis = _Hypothesis()
        stacks[0].push(empty_hypothesis)

        all_phrases = self.find_all_src_phrases(sentence)
        future_score_table = self.compute_future_scores(sentence)
        for stack in stacks:
            for hypothesis in stack:
                possible_expansions = StackDecoder.valid_phrases(all_phrases,
                                                                 hypothesis)
                for src_phrase_span in possible_expansions:
                    src_phrase = sentence[src_phrase_span[0]:src_phrase_span[1]]
                    for translation_option in (self.phrase_table.
                                               translations_for(src_phrase)):
                        raw_score = self.expansion_score(
                            hypothesis, translation_option, src_phrase_span)
                        new_hypothesis = _Hypothesis(
                            raw_score=raw_score,
                            src_phrase_span=src_phrase_span,
                            trg_phrase=translation_option.trg_phrase,
                            previous=hypothesis
                        )
                        new_hypothesis.future_score = self.future_score(
                            new_hypothesis, future_score_table, sentence_length)
                        total_words = new_hypothesis.total_translated_words()
                        stacks[total_words].push(new_hypothesis)

        if not stacks[sentence_length]:
            warnings.warn('Unable to translate all words. '
                          'The source sentence contains words not in '
                          'the phrase table')
            # Instead of returning empty output, perhaps a partial
            # translation could be returned
            return []

        best_hypothesis = stacks[sentence_length].best()
        return best_hypothesis.translation_so_far()

    def find_all_src_phrases(self, src_sentence):
        """
        Finds all subsequences in src_sentence that have a phrase
        translation in the translation table

        :type src_sentence: tuple(str)

        :return: Subsequences that have a phrase translation,
            represented as a table of lists of end positions.
            For example, if result[2] is [5, 6, 9], then there are
            three phrases starting from position 2 in ``src_sentence``,
            ending at positions 5, 6, and 9 exclusive. The list of
            ending positions are in ascending order.
        :rtype: list(list(int))
        """
        sentence_length = len(src_sentence)
        phrase_indices = [[] for _ in src_sentence]
        for start in range(0, sentence_length):
            for end in range(start + 1, sentence_length + 1):
                potential_phrase = src_sentence[start:end]
                if potential_phrase in self.phrase_table:
                    phrase_indices[start].append(end)
        return phrase_indices

    def compute_future_scores(self, src_sentence):
        """
        Determines the approximate scores for translating every
        subsequence in ``src_sentence``

        Future scores can be used a look-ahead to determine the
        difficulty of translating the remaining parts of a src_sentence.

        :type src_sentence: tuple(str)

        :return: Scores of subsequences referenced by their start and
        end positions. For example, result[2][5] is the score of the
        subsequence covering positions 2, 3, and 4.
        :rtype: dict(int: (dict(int): float))
        """
        scores = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(lambda: float('-inf')))
        for seq_length in range(1, len(src_sentence) + 1):
            for start in range(0, len(src_sentence) - seq_length + 1):
                end = start + seq_length
                phrase = src_sentence[start:end]
                if phrase in self.phrase_table:
                    score = self.phrase_table.translations_for(
                        phrase)[0].log_prob  # pick best (first) translation
                    # Warning: API of language_model is subject to change
                    score += self.language_model.probability(phrase)
                    scores[start][end] = score

                # check if a better score can be obtained by combining
                # two child subsequences
                for mid in range(start + 1, end):
                    combined_score = (scores[start][mid] +
                                      scores[mid][end])
                    if combined_score > scores[start][end]:
                        scores[start][end] = combined_score
        return scores

    def future_score(self, hypothesis, future_score_table, sentence_length):
        """
        Determines the approximate score for translating the
        untranslated words in ``hypothesis``
        """
        score = 0.0
        for span in hypothesis.untranslated_spans(sentence_length):
            score += future_score_table[span[0]][span[1]]
        return score

    def expansion_score(self, hypothesis, translation_option, src_phrase_span):
        """
        Calculate the score of expanding ``hypothesis`` with
        ``translation_option``

        :param hypothesis: Hypothesis being expanded
        :type hypothesis: _Hypothesis

        :param translation_option: Information about the proposed expansion
        :type translation_option: PhraseTableEntry

        :param src_phrase_span: Word position span of the source phrase
        :type src_phrase_span: tuple(int, int)
        """
        score = hypothesis.raw_score
        score += translation_option.log_prob
        # The API of language_model is subject to change; it could accept
        # a string, a list of words, and/or some other type
        score += self.language_model.probability_change(
            hypothesis, translation_option.trg_phrase)
        score += self.distortion_score(hypothesis, src_phrase_span)
        score -= self.word_penalty * len(translation_option.trg_phrase)
        return score

    def distortion_score(self, hypothesis, next_src_phrase_span):
        if not hypothesis.src_phrase_span:
            return 0.0
        next_src_phrase_start = next_src_phrase_span[0]
        prev_src_phrase_end = hypothesis.src_phrase_span[1]
        distortion_distance = next_src_phrase_start - prev_src_phrase_end
        return abs(distortion_distance) * self.__log_distortion_factor

    @staticmethod
    def valid_phrases(all_phrases_from, hypothesis):
        """
        Extract phrases from ``all_phrases_from`` that contains words
        that have not been translated by ``hypothesis``

        :param all_phrases_from: Phrases represented by their spans, in
            the same format as the return value of
            ``find_all_src_phrases``
        :type all_phrases_from: list(list(int))

        :type hypothesis: _Hypothesis

        :return: A list of phrases, represented by their spans, that
            cover untranslated positions.
        :rtype: list(tuple(int, int))
        """
        untranslated_spans = hypothesis.untranslated_spans(
            len(all_phrases_from))
        valid_phrases = []
        for available_span in untranslated_spans:
            start = available_span[0]
            available_end = available_span[1]
            while start < available_end:
                for phrase_end in all_phrases_from[start]:
                    if phrase_end > available_end:
                        # Subsequent elements in all_phrases_from[start]
                        # will also be > available_end, since the
                        # elements are in ascending order
                        break
                    valid_phrases.append((start, phrase_end))
                start += 1
        return valid_phrases

class _Hypothesis(object):
    """
    Partial solution to a translation.

    Records the word positions of the phrase being translated, its
    translation, raw score, and the cost of the untranslated parts of
    the sentence. When the next phrase is selected to build upon the
    partial solution, a new _Hypothesis object is created, with a back
    pointer to the previous hypothesis.

    To find out which words have been translated so far, look at the
    ``src_phrase_span`` in the hypothesis chain. Similarly, the
    translation output can be found by traversing up the chain.
    """
    def __init__(self, raw_score=0.0, src_phrase_span=(), trg_phrase=(),
                 previous=None, future_score=0.0):
        """
        :param raw_score: Likelihood of hypothesis so far.
            Higher is better. Does not account for untranslated words.
        :type raw_score: float

        :param src_phrase_span: Span of word positions covered by the
            source phrase in this hypothesis expansion. For example,
            (2, 5) means that the phrase is from the second word up to,
            but not including the fifth word in the source sentence.
        :type src_phrase_span: tuple(int)

        :param trg_phrase: Translation of the source phrase in this
            hypothesis expansion
        :type trg_phrase: tuple(str)

        :param previous: Previous hypothesis before expansion to this one
        :type previous: _Hypothesis

        :param future_score: Approximate score for translating the
            remaining words not covered by this hypothesis. Higher means
            that the remaining words are easier to translate.
        :type future_score: float
        """
        self.raw_score = raw_score
        self.src_phrase_span = src_phrase_span
        self.trg_phrase = trg_phrase
        self.previous = previous
        self.future_score = future_score

    def score(self):
        """
        Overall score of hypothesis after accounting for local and
        global features
        """
        return self.raw_score + self.future_score

    def untranslated_spans(self, sentence_length):
        """
        Starting from each untranslated word, find the longest
        continuous span of untranslated positions

        :param sentence_length: Length of source sentence being
            translated by the hypothesis
        :type sentence_length: int

        :rtype: list(tuple(int, int))
        """
        translated_positions = self.translated_positions()
        translated_positions.sort()
        translated_positions.append(sentence_length)  # add sentinel position

        untranslated_spans = []
        start = 0
        # each untranslated span must end in one of the translated_positions
        for end in translated_positions:
            if start < end:
                untranslated_spans.append((start, end))
            start = end + 1

        return untranslated_spans

    def translated_positions(self):
        """
        List of positions in the source sentence of words already
        translated. The list is not sorted.

        :rtype: list(int)
        """
        translated_positions = []
        current_hypothesis = self
        while current_hypothesis.previous is not None:
            translated_span = current_hypothesis.src_phrase_span
            translated_positions.extend(range(translated_span[0],
                                              translated_span[1]))
            current_hypothesis = current_hypothesis.previous
        return translated_positions

    def total_translated_words(self):
        return len(self.translated_positions())

    def translation_so_far(self):
        translation = []
        self.__build_translation(self, translation)
        return translation

    def __build_translation(self, hypothesis, output):
        if hypothesis.previous is None:
            return
        self.__build_translation(hypothesis.previous, output)
        output.extend(hypothesis.trg_phrase)

class _Stack(object):
    """
    Collection of _Hypothesis objects
    """
    def __init__(self, max_size=100, beam_threshold=0.0):
        """
        :param beam_threshold: Hypotheses that score less than this
            factor of the best hypothesis are discarded from the stack.
            Value must be between 0.0 and 1.0.
        :type beam_threshold: float
        """
        self.max_size = max_size
        self.items = []

        if beam_threshold == 0.0:
            self.__log_beam_threshold = float('-inf')
        else:
            self.__log_beam_threshold = log(beam_threshold)

    def push(self, hypothesis):
        """
        Add ``hypothesis`` to the stack.
        Removes lowest scoring hypothesis if the stack is full.
        After insertion, hypotheses that score less than
        ``beam_threshold`` times the score of the best hypothesis
        are removed.
        """
        self.items.append(hypothesis)
        self.items.sort(key=lambda h: h.score(), reverse=True)
        while len(self.items) > self.max_size:
            self.items.pop()
        self.threshold_prune()

    def threshold_prune(self):
        if not self.items:
            return
        #  log(score * beam_threshold) = log(score) + log(beam_threshold)
        threshold = self.items[0].score() + self.__log_beam_threshold
        for hypothesis in reversed(self.items):
            if hypothesis.score() < threshold:
                self.items.pop()
            else:
                break

    def best(self):
        """
        :return: Hypothesis with the highest score in the stack
        :rtype: _Hypothesis
        """
        if self.items:
            return self.items[0]
        return None

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.items)

    def __contains__(self, hypothesis):
        return hypothesis in self.items

    def __bool__(self):
        return len(self.items) != 0
    __nonzero__=__bool__