text:
Israel relies on nosy neighbours to keep virus in check
Home Financial news Israel relies on nosy neighbours to keep virus in check
Via Financial Times
In an alleyway in the Greek Colony neighbourhood of Jerusalem on Sunday, a small group of Israeli police officers slipped out of patrol cars and into protective suits designed to ward off the coronavirus.
The neighbours gawked as the officers knocked on door after door, looking for a man recently back from Germany.
Under Israeli law, the man was required to stay indoors in self isolation for 14 days. But someone had spotted him on the street and reported him to a national hotline. Now the police were at his door, dressed like spacemen, scolding him to remain inside or risk a large fine, or even detention. Chastened, he promised to stay in his house.
All across Israel, similar scenes have played out since the start of March, as the government has tried, with varying degrees of success, to keep Israelis indoors and break the chain of infection. So far, the country has recorded more than 1,000 cases of the virus and one death.
Despite admonishments from Reuven Rivlin, Israel's mild-mannered president, and apocalyptic warnings from its pugnacious prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu, thousands of Israeli's have continued to gather on beaches and stroll the boulevards in the spring weather.
Similar scenes have been played out all across Israel © Quique Kierzenbaum/FT
In response, Israel has turned its extensive policing and antiterrorism machinery to the challenge that many countries now face: how to keep enough of its population indoors to avoid moving to a nationwide shutdown.
Since last week, Israel's shadowy Shin Bet security service has tracked the mobile phones of infected people and sent messages to those with whom they may have crossed paths, instructing them to self-isolate for 14 days. The measures were authorised by Mr Netanyahu with an emergency decree, without parliamentary approval.
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The Israeli police has leant on an older system, one that can been even more reliable than technology: the nosy neighbour.
Police officers have so far carried out as many as 20,000 inspections after phone calls to the national tip line for quarantine evaders. Hundreds of people — like the man recently returned from Germany — have been personally visited by hazmat-suited officers, according to Micky Rosenfeld, a spokesman for the Israel National Police.
Israel's shadowy secret service Shin Bet tracks people through their mobiles © Quique Kierzenbaum/FT
"The virus is everywhere and anyone can pass it on to anyone," Mr Rosenfeld said. "That's why these safety measures are so absolutely important — you have to think two weeks ahead."
The tactic has resulted in strange dystopian footage, shared publicly by the police to prove how serious they are about enforcing self-isolation: officers in protective suits chasing otherwise healthy-looking Israelis, wrestling them to the ground and dragging them off to complete their quarantine.
In the hope of avoiding a nationwide shutdown like those seen in Italy, France and the UK, the police have broken up weddings, forced people to go to the hospital and shut down businesses.
It's risky work. Some 480 police are in quarantine for suspected exposure to the coronavirus. Those officers currently on coronavirus patrols are anxious not to join them. "Of course my family is worried," said one, who asked not be named. "But I tell my wife this is a national duty I am called to do."
Offenders risk a fine or detention © Quique Kierzenbaum/FT
Still, despite their best efforts, Israel may eventually have to move to a full lockdown, says Roni Berkowitz, a ministry of health official who has joined some of the daily patrols. "If it goes on like this, within weeks there will have to be more severe measures to protect the public," he said.
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The authorities have particularly struggled to enforce social distancing within Israel's ultraorthodox communities. On Sunday, hundreds of ultraorthodox Jews scuffled with the police on the streets of Mea Shearim, a segregated community in Jerusalem. One ultraorthodox man, who defied his quarantine orders, was arrested at a 150-person wedding.
Dozens of synagogues initially resisted closing and a few rabbis have needed heavy-handed treatment to convince them to ask their community — which makes up about 10 per cent of the population — to respect the social distancing that Mr Netanyahu demands in daily television broadcasts.
For Mr Netanyahu, who is serving as caretaker prime minister, the successful management of the crisis could give him a political boost that the last elections, which left him three seats short of a majority, did not.
His approval ratings have improved based on his response to the pandemic so far. He moved to isolate Israel from the outside world long before other nations decided to choke off international travel. The closure of the country's courts has also meant that his pending corruption trial has been delayed to May 24.
But putting some 60,000 people into self-isolation, trying to test up to 5,000 people a day and shuttering non-essential businesses — which has already seen unemployment spike from 4 per cent to nearly 18 per cent in two weeks — has still not measurably slowed down the rate of infections. "Not yet," said an aide to the prime minister. "These things take time."
Now as the number of new cases keep climbing daily, Mr Netanyahu may be forced to lock down the entire country. That, said the aide, "would send the economy into a freefall, but we are preparing for it. The question is not when, but for how long? And what does Israel look like in the end?"
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I am guessing this issue is similar to something I noticed only recently when tampering with an old C600. The LED is the power on LED and with it is the HDD LED. They stay on for a few seconds then nothing. I believe the laptop has had the Fn+Esc keys simultaneously pressed and the Laptop is now suspended. I dont know how to fix it and no matter what I do the laptop will not power up. I have been told that it may be useful to remove the battery for a while and let the charge storage devices dissipate so resetting the BIOS or better still get the BIOS battery out which resets the BIOS to a default mode. Haven't tried it yet though, however the motherboard and BIOS is encased in riveted steel Faraday cage! Brilliant!
Hi Jack, When you say green light are you referring to the battery led? If yes it might be your A/C adaptor causing the problem. I've had laptops flash the battery like it was going to charge then stop. If the A/C isn't supplying power and the battery is dead you could see your symptoms. If its not the A/C adaptor more information would help a diagnosis. What were the circumstances that lead to this, exactly what lead died and so on. Let us know if we can help further and don't forget to rate the posting.
No guarantee but you can try this. Remove the battery and unplug the AC adapter. Hold down power button for 30 seconds. Plug in AC adapter but leave battery out. Try to restart computer. If it starts, reinstall battery. It worked on a Gateway I was working on last week. Worth a try.
If possible try a known good AC adapter.
Disconnect the AC adaptor and remove the battery pack from the computer, then press and hold the power button for 30 seconds.
Second, remove the RAM module, clean the slots then reseat it.
Now, turn on the Computer by connecting the AC adaptor and with the battery out of the Computer.
Disconnect the AC adaptor from the laptop and remove the Battery pack from the Battery bay. Then, remove the RAM module and reinstall it after cleaning the RAM slot. Next, connect the AC adaptor to the laptop then try turning it ON. Please make sure that the AC adaptor is connected to a functional wall outlet. If the laptop still doesn't turn ON then you may try cleaning the Battery bay and the metal contacts in the battery compartment then insert the battery and try turning ON the laptop. If the laptop still doesn't turn ON then the issue is with the power supply unit.
1. Turn off the computer and peripherals, and disconnect them from AC power.
2. Reseat each installed battery by removing it and then replacing it.
3. Turn on the computer. Does the green power indicator light up?
Yes. Continue to step 4.
Failure When Using the AC Adapter."
4. Does the battery indicator flash amber or show a a steady amber light?
Yes. The battery needs to be charged. Go step 5.
No. Go to step 7.
5. Connect the computer to AC power, and fully charge the battery.
6. As the battery charges, does the green battery indicator light up?
Yes. Go to step 9.
7. Is the battery indicator flashing green and amber?
condition may affect the life span of the battery. Continue to step 8.
No. The problem is resolved.
Yes. You may have a defective battery. Continue to step 9.
the charge gauge of the battery flashing?
Yes. You have a defective battery. Continue to step 9.
11. Turn on the computer. Is the power indicator off?
Batteries don't last forever. All types of batteries gradually lose their ability to hold an electrical charge as they age. Eventually, the computer's battery charge indicator may show that the battery contains less than a full charge, even though the battery has just been fully charged. The computer will then not run for as long a time from the battery as when the battery was brand new.
You may prefer to simply replace the battery if this happens, but you may also wish to try 'step-charging' the existing battery per the following instructions.
This procedure should work for the battery in any Toshiba notebook. Follow it only when you find that the computer will run from the battery for just a short while.
Check the User's Guide for more specific information about charging the battery in your computer .
Unplug the AC adapter from the computer, and turn ithe computer on. Let the computer run from battery power until the computer turns off, indicating that the battery is fully discharged. Time this interval, but not with a software clock running on the same computer.
Remove the battery pack from the computer.
Wait at least 30 seconds. The first time through this procedure, use a soft cloth to wipe the battery pack's contacts and the AC adapter's plug.
Plug into the AC adapter into the computer again and check the fit of its plug in the wall outlet, making sure the connection is secure.
With the computer turned off, let the battery charge until the battery status light or icon glows green, or otherwise indicates a full charge.
Wait at least 30 seconds, then re-insert the battery.
Plug the AC adapter back into the computer.
Let the battery charge again until the battery status light turns green or otherwise indicates a full charge, again.
Repeat this procedure, starting from step 1, at least three times. Each time, check to see if the computer runs longer from its battery than the previous time.
IMPORTANT!! Interruptions in the charging cycle can be responsible for an issue called "memory effect" which may reduce the battery's charging capacity. Whenever you suspect the battery performance is not at it's optimum you should try using the following "Battery Conditioning" procedure.
Before you start: Turn off your battery saving features temporarily.
***IMPORTANT*** Repeat the following steps 2-3 times!
Turn the computer on and let it run until it shuts itself off.
Note: Using the CD-ROM to play an Audio CD will speed the discharge.
Remove the battery for 30 seconds and then replace it.
Note: If the battery light isn't lit, wait a few moments, if it still does not light check your power connections.
Continue charging the battery until the battery light turns solid green once again.
if its the battery with a press button that lights up 5 green lights.. if u hold it for about 6 seconds it should light up all or some in a row like 000.. ( depends on charge it has) after 6 seconds none should flash , they should turn off . if any do flash or led green are missing in between its likely a bad battery.
Its late, so just to make sure I'm not brain-dead basically your laptop runs fine as long as its powered by the AC adaptor but dies fairly quickly while running via battery. This is very typical of a battery that will no longer hold a charge, not normally a user repairable item. It could also be that the charging electronics (in the laptop) isn't charging the battery, again not a typical user repair job. About your only option short of taking it to the repair shop is buying or borrowing a battery as a test.
Have a manual for Dell C600 (002UH) Motherboard?


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We understand the financial challenges you may face as you and your loved ones grow older. At Coulson Elder Law, our clients' well-being is our number one priority.
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text:
Apple iPhone Sales in China Plunged 61% in February Amid Coronavirus Epidemic
The coronavirus' impact on Apple's current-quarter results is shaping up to be worse than previously expected: According to data from the Chinese government released Monday, iPhone unit sales in the country dropped by more than half in February.
The tech giant last month already warned investors that the coronavirus would hurt sales in China and lead to iPhone manufacturing delays. For the month of February, iPhone sales fell 61%, from 1.27 million a year earlier to 494,000, according to figures from the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT). Apple's stores in China were closed because of the virus for about two weeks in February.
Overall, a total of 6.34 million smartphones were sold last month in China, down 55% year over year, to its lowest point in eight years, per CAICT data.
Prior to the coronvirus outbreak, Apple had forecast $63 billion-$67 billion for its fiscal 2020 second quarter, which ends March 28. Now, with the latest data, analysts cut estimates again.
Citing the spread of the COVID-19 outbreak and the data from China, UBS Securities analyst Timothy Arcuri cut iPhone unit sales estimates from 43 million to 40 million for the March 2020 quarter and reduced revenue estimates from $61.2 billion to $59.5 billion.
The UBS analyst maintained a "buy" rating on Apple stock but cut 12-month price target from $355 to $335 per share. "We see near-term uncertainty but long-term opportunities from 5G and foldable phones, wearables growth given low attach-rate, and traction of new services are unchanged," Arcuri wrote in a research note Monday.
Apple shares declined 7.9% Monday, to close at $266.17 per share, roughly in line with a broader drop in financial markets over continued coronavirus worries.
Others on Wall Street remain bullish on Apple's long-term outlook despite the selloff. "While this is very nervous time for consumers, companies, investors, etc., we caution that Chinese demand in the March quarter is not the trend, but a 'shock event' that we believe will be short-lived as normalized iPhone demand trends start to take hold" in the second half of the year in China and across the globe, Wedbush Securities analyst Dan Ives wrote in a note to clients.
In maintaining an "outperform" rating on Apple shares, Ives wrote, "we continue to focus on the golden installed base, pent-up iPhone upgrade demand activity, and 5G supercycle (remains intact) on the horizon as key to our bull thesis, along with the $50 billion+ annual services business."
Tags Apple Coronavirus Iphone
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text:
Q: 404 error when serving files in paths not root I am running this command "go run webapp/main.go." The reason is that app engine will call my app from the root directory, so I changed the paths to work from calling the file from root. I also do not mind if you have Go best practices tips.
└── webapp
    ├── app.yaml
    ├── assets
    │   ├── css
    │   │   └── index.css
    │   └── img
    ├── main.go
    ├── main_test.go
    └── templates
        └── index.html

Confused on how something so trivial can be wrong. localhost:8080/css/index.css works fine. I also have another handler function to serve localhost:8080/static/css/index.css, but I get a 404 error. Everything was working smoothly when I was using the command "go run main.go" and remove "webapp" from the code. Still, how can it work with / and not /static/. As can be seen in this https://stackoverflow.com/a/47997908/6828897 answer, it should serve ./webapp/assets/static as a dir. I also have tried http.StripPrefix but no luck either.
package main

import (
    "flag"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"
    "sync"
    "text/template"
)

type templateHandler struct {
    once     sync.Once
    filename string
    templ    *template.Template
}

// ServeHTTP handles the HTTP request.
func (t *templateHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    t.once.Do(func() {
        t.templ = template.Must(template.ParseFiles(filepath.Join("webapp", "templates", t.filename)))
    })
    if err := t.templ.Execute(w, r); err != nil {
        log.Printf("Error executing template: %v", err)
        http.Error(w, "Internal server error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
    }
}

func main() {
    dir, err := os.Getwd()
    if err != nil {
        log.Printf(err.Error())
    }
    log.Printf("dir: %s", dir)

    // command flags
    var addr = flag.String("addr", ":8080", "The addr of the application.")
    flag.Parse()

    // env variables
    envPort := os.Getenv("PORT")
    if envPort != "" {
        envPort = ":" + envPort
        addr = &envPort
    }

    fs := http.FileServer(http.Dir("./webapp/assets"))
    http.Handle("/static/", fs)

    log.Printf("Listening on port %s", *addr)

    // http.Handle("/", &templateHandler{filename: "index.html"})

    if err := http.ListenAndServe(*addr, fs); err != nil {
        log.Fatal(err)
    }
}

A: "how can it work with / and not /static/"
Because you are passing fs directly to ListenAndServe, that means that the DefaultServeMux which is used by http.Handle("/static/", fs) is being ignored / overridden.
http.Handle:

Handle registers the handler for the given pattern in the
DefaultServeMux. The documentation for ServeMux explains how patterns
are matched.

http.ListenAndServe

ListenAndServe listens on the TCP network address addr and then calls
Serve with handler to handle requests on incoming connections.
Accepted connections are configured to enable TCP keep-alives.
The handler is typically nil, in which case the DefaultServeMux is
used.
ListenAndServe always returns a non-nil error.

So in general what you should do is something like this:
fs := http.FileServer(http.Dir("./webapp/assets"))
// register fs for "/static/" in DefaultServeMux
http.Handle("/static/", fs)
// start listening at addr and serve incoming requests
// using DefaultServeMux as the router (because nil).
if err := http.ListenAndServe(*addr, nil); err != nil {
    log.Fatal(err)
}

If there are other issues in your setup it is possible that your app may not work as desired right away, however this change is certainly a requirement to get closer to that goal.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
How long can students wait for Australia to open?
Letter from Australia this is our Australian Bureau's weekly newsletter. Subscribe to to receive it by email.
When Hemshree Pandey learned that Australia was opening its borders to international students and visa holders on December 1, she quit her job and booked a plane ticket.
Stuck in India since the start of the pandemic, she thought she could finally see her fiancé in Australia again and start studying for a master's degree. For a week she was overjoyed. The paralyzing insecurity she has lived with since March 2020: how long will Australia's borders be closed, how long will she be willing to put her life on hold, what she can do at home in India knowing that she might have to give it up. Every second was coming to an end, she thought.
The Australian government then postponed the opening of the border for at least two weeks due to the new variant of the Omicron coronavirus.
"I burst into tears when I found out about it," said 26-year-old Ms. Pandy. "Finally we made an appointment. We were so relieved. And now suddenly it is: what now? "
The emergence of a new version has plunged everyone into another exhausting round of uncertainty. Vacation plans and travel plans for family interstate or overseas travel are suddenly in the air as we wait with bated breath.
Making plans for the future, when a new variant of the coronavirus may appear at any time, is difficult. But this is especially true for those who are stuck between countries, waiting to start or resume life in Australia.
As countries tighten border controls and new cases in Australia that have not traveled abroad are found, international students like Ms Pandy fear that the two-week ban could be extended, putting them back in suspended state.
"I have lost my sleep, I lost my appetite, I don't know what to do," she said.
Does she continue to wait, perhaps two weeks, perhaps months? She has already spent several months studying Australia, choosing the right degree to study, applying for admission and obtaining a visa, in addition to the 20 months she has been waiting for. Her fiancé had lived in Australia for many years and began to build a life for both of them.
"Should we just wait and keep waiting? In this case, I am wasting my time. I am already 26. I need to go to magistracy, build a career, "she said. "If not, then if we move to another country, how many more costs and how many more processes will we have to go through? We'll have to start all over again. "
Unwilling to study online due to significant time differences, often due to inadequate internet infrastructure and wanting their education to be worth the tens of thousands of dollars they pay, many international students who have put their lives on hold while waiting to come to Australia are earning difficult decisions about what to do in an ever-changing situation.
Janice Abbas, 22, a Pakistani student awaiting to study in Victoria to pursue a degree in construction management, paid $ 5,800 to first book a flight to Australia on December 1 and then change to December 23.
After two years of what he said was dictated by canceled plans by the state government to return students, as well as evasive statements from the federal government, he became cynical about any positive news about the borders.
He did not tell anyone about his imminent departure, not wanting to answer questions if he could not leave. And he is pretty sure the borders will remain closed and he is wasting his money, he said, but he insists that Australia will open its borders for a week or two after December 15, but then close them again due to flooding. arrivals brings more occasions.
"Let's say they open on December 15, close in a week, and I booked a flight in January," he said. "I will wish I had tried my best to travel to Australia."
Indian student Dhanashri Marj, who is studying at the Queensland University of Technology, has set a deadline for herself: if the borders do not open on December 15, she said she will leave and move to a university in the country. with open borders.
During the pandemic, "I thought, be a little patient." Wait for Australia, she said. But she reaches the end of her rope.
"Two years have passed. I can't wait any longer, "she said.
And now the stories of the week:
Police searched the house of the oligarch Kolomoisky, a former aide to the President of Ukraine
Kamala Harris Condemns Police "Violent Action" During Tyree Nicholls' Funeral
Netflix will block shared accounts that don't connect to the same home WiFi
The EU will integrate your ID, cards and payments into a single app in 2024
Netflix will block shared accounts that don't connect to same household WiFi after 31 days
EU soft wheat exports for 2022/23 rise to 18.78 million tonnes as of 29 Jan
Late Bruno's 70,000 books: Germany's largest private library discovered
They accuse Europe of "double standards" for Ukrainian refugees
Facts Matter (Jan. 27): Massive Trucker 'Freedom Protest' Against Vaccine Mandates, 45 Miles Long
Dorinda Medley sells longtime NYC home amid 'Ultimate Girls Trip' beef


text:
What is a Deerstalker Hat?
Deerstalker hats were first worn by hunters that stalked deer.
Arthur Conan Doyle, who created Sherlock Holmes, never specifically stated that Holmes wore a deerstalker, although it became popularly associated with the character.
Sherlock Holmes is typically portrayed with a deerstalker hat.
A twill weave.
Written By: Greer Hed
Edited By: Kristen Osborne
Images By: Forest71, n/a, Dmitriy Lesnyak, Ksushsh
A deerstalker hat, also sometimes called a "fore and aft," is a style of close-fitting cloth hat with pronounced brims at the front and back. Deerstalkers are usually made of tweed or twill fabric. Perhaps the most notable feature of the deerstalker hat, however, are the two side flaps that can be pulled down to cover the ears, tied beneath the chin, or tied together on the crown of the hat. As its name implies, the deerstalker was first worn by hunters engaged in the activity of deer stalking, a British term that describes covertly tailing a deer.
The construction of a deerstalker hat is designed with the wearer's warmth and comfort in mind. A pair of brims at the fore and aft of the hat protect the neck and face from sunburn and glare. When the side flaps are worn down, they keep the ears warm and covered, and when they are tied beneath the chin they provide an added layer of warmth for both sides of the wearer's face. The side flaps can also be tied up on top of the deerstalker to keep them out of the way when they are not needed.
Usually, a deerstalker hat is made from twill, a woven fabric with diagonal ribbing, or from tweed fabric with a twill weave. The choice of twill for making deerstalkers reflects the hat's background as a rugged sporting cap, as twill fabric is very heavy and durable. Twill is woven by passing the weft thread over several warp threads at once, resulting in the diagonal rib pattern. A deerstalker hat is usually made from checked or houndstooth twill, because the light and dark shapes in these patterns provide a sort of camouflage for the hunter. Many modern deerstalkers are made with orange checked twill as a consideration for the safety of the hunters wearing them.
The deerstalker style first became popular in 19th century England, where it was worn by sportsmen and hunters. In the later part of the Victorian era, sportswear became more fashionable, and the deerstalker hat became an important part of a country gentleman's hunting ensemble. During this period of men's fashion, other garments that had once been considered appropriate only as sportswear began to emerge as popular elements of day dress, such as knickerbocker trousers and blazer style jackets.
Perhaps the most famous wearer of the deerstalker style of hat is the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. Interestingly, Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Holmes, never specifically stated that Holmes wore a deerstalker hat. The original illustrators of Conan Doyle's works were the ones who put Holmes in a deerstalker, usually when he was traveling or in the countryside. Later depictions of Holmes wearing his deerstalker in the city are inaccurate: the stylish Holmes would never wear a sportsman's cap in an urban setting. Another fictional character who is known for wearing a deerstalker, in this case an all-red version, is Holden Caulfield from J.D. Salinger's The Catcher in the Rye.
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What is a Duckbill Hat?
bluedolphin
@ysmina-- Absolutely! If you check online stores, this hat is actually sold labeled "Sherlock hat" or "Sherlock deerstalker cap." People may not recognize the name "deerstalker" but everyone knows what type of hat we're talking about when we say "Sherlock hat."
I have one too but I only used it when I dressed up as Sherlock Holmes for Halloween. It's a nice hat though, made of wool tweed. I bet it would keep very warm in winter. I don't think this hat will ever go out of fashion completely.
burcinc
My dad lives in Iowa. We have a small farm there and he wears a deerstalker hat a lot when he's outdoors. I'm not even sure where he got it but he likes wearing it in cold weather. I've actually never seen him wear the ear flaps. They're always tied on top. And I think I would laugh a little if he did use them and tied them under the chin. A deerstalker hat may be useful, but we can't deny that it's a funny looking hat.
ysmina
I also immediately think of Sherlock Holmes when I see or hear about a deerstalker hat. It's interesting that Arthur Conan Doyle never mentioned the character wear this hat but that's how we picture him.
I really like the way the writers introduced the deerstalker hat in the BBC "Sherlock" series. In the episode where Sherlock is seen in a deerstalker for the first time, he randomly picks up the hat to hide himself from journalists. It's not even his hat! I think that was a smart way to show that the hat didn't really exist in the original stories but were later attributed to the character by illustrators.
Despite all this, I think many more generations will think of Sherlock Holmes when they see this hat. It's not as popular anymore but who knows, modern adaptations of Doyle's works may increase the hat's popularity.


Box Notes: We are growing the Da Vinci melon variety for the first time this year. It's a fragrant Tuscan type that has a sweet, dark orange flesh. It has been a customer favorite when we sample all of the melon varieties at the 4 farmer's markets we attend each week. It's ripe when firm and even when some of the stripes are still blue. If you prefer a softer melon, you can let it sit out on your kitchen counter for a couple of days as it will continue to ripen. We have a bumper crop of green beans this year. Use the shishito peppers like you would the pimiento de padrons, as a frying pepper. The shishito pepper is milder than the padrons but can be cooked the same way. Heat some olive oil in a skillet on medium heat, toss the peppers in the oil until they become limp and slightly browned/charred in some spots. Add salt and enjoy as an appetizer.
Field Notes: The smoke from the fires is subsiding. This week's forecast is expected to hover around 100 degrees which, while still warm, is a big improvement over the 105/106 degree days we experienced in late July.
Upcoming Event: We are proud to announce that we are being spotlighted as part of Savory Café in woodland's first Dinner with a Farmer on Friday August 24th at 6:00 pm. Tim or Trini will be there representing our farm at this amazing six course farm to table meal.
You can purchase ticketsusing the link below.


Here is a list of some of the most requested High Impact products that we source. If you are looking for any product that isn't listed on this page, we probably carry it. Call us at 888-575-9195 and let us demonstrate our customer service and prove our value to you!


Standards-based reform is bringing increased rigor and quality into mathematics and science education, but, for a variety of reasons, these improvements have not been fully available to students with physical, developmental, and learning disabilities. This limits participation and achievement in science and mathematics by students with disabilities, and denies the scientific and human enterprise their talents and contributions. Both our reform rhetoric and the health of science demand that high-quality education be available to all students, so exclusion of whole groups from opportunities to excel is not an issue of equity but rather a failing in our definitions of excellence.
The Promoting Assets and Access Project was designed to promote high-quality mathematics and science education for students with disabilities in grades K-6. To this end, we worked closely with individuals and organizations involved in school reform and advocacy, including the standards committees, to examine the standards and make recommendations for how they need to be modified to reflect the contributions and assets that disabled students bring to the learning process. We also developed, implemented, formatively evaluated, and disseminated model activities and materials that illustrate the achievement of national mathematics and science standards by students with disabilities in general education settings. This report describes our efforts and reports our findings on the program's effectiveness.
Improving the preparation of pre-service and in-service teachers to teach science and mathematics to a student population that is diverse in capabilities and needs.


text:
List of my Famiclone stuff
Support The Famiclone Blog on Patreon
The Famiclone Blog
The place to read about famiclones!
Famiclone Blog Endorsed By Famiclones!
This is a draft of a post I had been making a few years ago I think, but never published for some reason. Not sure if anyone reads or follows this blog anymore, but I'll publish it just in case anyone does. I may start writing here again, but doubtful.
Hey, a while ago I did a review for this multicart:
Pocket Games 5-in-1 Cartridge
And apparently the company who made that cartridge found out, and they put a link to it on their eBay description for the multicart as a review. That's kinda funny. (:
by hummerteam on October 24, 2018 • Permalink
Posted by hummerteam on October 24, 2018
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2018/10/24/famiclone-blog-endorsed-by-famiclones/
Supervision 52-in-1
Have you heard of Action 52?
Well that's NOT what I'm writing about.
What I'm writing about is this:
It looks like a generic multicart. And pretty much, yeah, it is.
It has something to do with Action 52 though. That's why I got it.
But before I say what it has to do with Action 52, I'm going to give a list of games, and put some pictures.
Thanks to BootlegGames Wiki, from which I stole this game list (Which is licensed under CC-BY-SA license, and so I'm allowed to steal it):
Islander (Takahashi Meijin no Bouken Jima, known as Adventure Island outside of Japan)
Grading (Gradius)
P-D Fighting (Hokuto no Ken)
Goonies (The logo on the title screen is missing)
Legendry (The Legend of Kage)
Tetris (Tengen version)
Bros. II (Super Mario Bros. with graphics from the Japanese Super Mario Bros. 2 and a missing logo)
Twin Bee
Ninja 2 (Ninja Jajamaru Kun)
City Conect. (City Connection)
Gyrooine (Gyrodine)
Flappy (Level select cheat enabled and credited to "Whirlwind Menu" on the title screen, which is a misspelling of Whirlwind Manu who released a pirate version of this game)
Spartan (Spartan X, known as Kung Fu outside of Japan)
Bomber Man
Front Line (The logo on the title screen is missing)
1989Galaxian (Hack of Galaxian that speeds up the player's bullets)
Kung-Fu (Yie Ar Kung-Fu, the Konami copyright that appears during gameplay was retained)
Ninja 1 (Ninja-Kun: Majou no Bouken)
Pipeline (Mario Bros., title screen hacked as Mr. Mary)
Mahjong 2 (Mahjong)
Mahjong 4 (4 Nin uchi Mahjong)
Lode Runner1 (Lode Runner)
Lode Runner2 (Championship Lode Runner, title screen hacked to read Lode Runner)
King Kong 1 (Donkey Kong)
King Kong 2 (Donkey Kong Jr.)
King Kong 3 (Donkey Kong 3, says Gorilla 3 on the title screen)
Excite Bike (Logo is replaced with plain text)
F-1 Race
Road Fighter
Galaxian (Unhacked version)
1989 Exerion (Hacked version of Exerion that removes the limit to the number of single shots that the player has)
Wrestle (Kinnikuman: Muscle Tag Match, known as M.U.S.C.L.E. in the US)
Sky Destryoer (Sky Destroyer)
Chess (Gomoku Narabe Renju)
Circus Troupe (Title screen hack of Circus Charlie)
Fancy Bros. (Super Mario Bros. hack that switches the mirroring from horizontal to vertical, glitching up the graphics as a result)
Alright now for some pictures of some of the hacked games.
Bros. II:
Now here's a picture of Fancy Mario:
Here's Circus Troupe (title hack of Circus Charlie):
Other than that it's unmodified. I guess they changed the name so that they wouldn't get in trouble for trademark infringement. Which is stupid because they are distributing copyrighted material anyway. Bootleggers don't make any sense.
And here's that hacked Flappy title screen:
This means that Supervision ripped their Flappy ROM off of a bootleg Whirlwind Manu cartridge. Lol
This is especially funny since Active Enterprises stole this multicart's menu when they made Action 52.
Here's this game's menu again:
And here's a picture of a prototype version of Action 52:
So Action 52 stole its menu from a multicart, which stole a game from a bootleg cartridge which was stolen off of the real game.
by hummerteam on February 13, 2017 • Permalink
Posted in game, multicart
Tagged action 52, famiclone, famicom, hack, Mario, multicart, nes, nintendo, ROM Hack, supervision, video game, video games
Posted by hummerteam on February 13, 2017
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2017/02/13/supervision-52-in-1/
Funny Time Super Mario 160 in 1
Well here's a new post in the first time in about 7 years. Whatever.
Anyway I'm writing about this:
Hm. Looks like a SMB3 game.
See that sticker up at the top right? The one that says "160 in 1"? Well that's what it really is.
It's playing some music in the background (probably stolen) and it has scrolling text at the top that says "Funny Time Super Mario 160 in 1".
Who comes up with these things?
The font is stolen from Super Mario Bros. The brick texture is also stolen from Super Mario Bros. (It's the top of the brick blocks in SMB, but they changed the palette to be grey)
Well does it have 160 games on it? I'm gonna take an educated guess here and say no.
According to the menu, it has these games (typos kept):
Snow Brother
Chip to Dale
Adventure Sea
Mahjong 4P
Super Contra 2
Pokemon Gold
Aladdin III
Hyper Olympic III
Arkonoid
Tetris II
The New Human
Solomn's Key
Super Key Kong
Legend Kage
Desert Tank
Circus Chablie
Bookyman
Hogan's Alley
King of Fighter
Galaxians
Magic Jewelry
Small Mary
Star Gate
Space ET
Binary & Land
Pipe Drean
Milk & Nuts
Ninja I
Lode Runner 2
Chu Clu Land
Five Chess
Zippy Race
Bird Week
Gun Shotlet
100M Dash
Adventure Castle
Fly Fighter
Funcy Mario
Turbo Painter
Air Diver
Bomber King
Smart Mouse
Knock Out Boxing
Super Pooyan
Clude Buster
Bomber Star
Turbo Galaxians
Cannon Gun
Adventure Pitfall
1001 Page
Golden Mario
Power Tank
Road Man
Dangerous Seed
Nettougarou
Air Ground
Dangerous Ball
Magic Tapics
Monkey Show
Super Pacman
Fainal Blow
Old Walf
Sea quest DSV
Crack Right
Adventure Rock
Super Star Force
Painter Boy
Twin Hawk
Smash KTV
Itchy Scratchy
Wolf Child
Ground Mercs
Pirates Microprose
Smash Game
Crystal Pony Tale
Plot Write
Space Invader 90
Undead Line
Awesome Possum CENS
Volfide Etc.
Real Deal Boxing
Well look at that. The menu doesn't even go up to 160. What a ripoff. Oh well.
The menu is mostly accurate, but a lot of the games don't fulfill their promise to be what the menu said they would be.
When you start up a game, you get this:
Load Game.
OK, apparently it pretends to load for a second before playing.
The Super Mario Bros. 3 included on this multicart is the Japanese version.
For Super Mario Bros. 3, the intro sequence is glitched up. Mario slides backwards across the screen, and the background is entirely black and doesn't turn into the Super Mario Bros. 3 logo. But if you press start, it will go back to the way it's supposed to.
I played through most of the first world, and I found some other graphical glitches. The most significant is that in one of the levels, the end looked like this:
It looked normal in all the other levels, so I dunno what's going on there.
During the airship entrance cutscene, the HUD glitches up:
At the top-left corner of the beginning of one level, I found this:
Not sure if that was there in the original game. I don't remember.
If an object goes off the bottom of the screen into a pit, the HUD gets glitched up in the area that the object is.
There's probably some other differences, but that's all that I noticed.
Now to Mario 6.
It's the Tiny Toons hack, as you'd expect:
Wait, I actually haven't written about Super Bros. 6 before.
Alright, here's a basic summary:
It's a hack of Tiny Toon Adventures that replaces most of your playable character's sprites with a pink Mario. Although the cutscenes are unedited, and are still Tiny Toons.
OK, moving on. Snow Bros. is actually Snow Bros.
"Bubble" is actually Bubble Bobble 2.
"Chip to Dale" is Chip 'n Dale: Rescue Ranges
"Adventure Sea" is the Japanese version of Adventure Island but it stars on level 4.
"Super Contra 2" is the Japanese version of Super Contra, except you start out with the Konami code already entered by default.
All pretty normal stuff.
Anyway now's "Pokémon Gold". What is it?
…It's Pocket Monster. Oh well.
Next there's Super Mario Bros., which as far as I can tell doesn't have any added bugs or anything.
Aladdin III is Magic Carpet 1001.
Adventure Island is Adventure Island.
Ugh this is boring. I'm only going to point out things that are mislabeled or interesting instead of listing every game.
Small Mary is really Dian Shi Ma Li, but Fortran has been deleted.
Calculator is actually Donkey Kong Jr. Math only with the title screen removed.
Space ET is Space Invaders.
Pirates Microprose is Popeye but it starts on the wrong level.
Crystal Pony Tale is really Circus Charlie.
Death is Bomberman. Undead Boy is also Bomberman.
Golden Mario is really Super Mario Bros, but it is hacked to start on World L. Mario is really Super Mario Bros.
Undead Line is really Dig Dug. Gauntlet is also really Dig Dug. Smash KTV is also really Dig Dig.
Bookyman is actually Brush Roller. Same with Super Pac-Man. And Plot Boy. Plot Write is also really Brush Roller. Speed Painter is also really Brush Roller.
Lemmings is actually Mappy. Speedy Gonzalez is also actually Mappy. Ren and Stimpy is also really Mappy. Awesome Possum Cens is also really Mappy. Kamikaze Squirrel is really Mappy.
I hate you, pirates. 😦
There are more duplicates, but I won't write about them because I'm lazy.
OK that's it for now. I'll write more later.
Tagged famiclone, famicom, multicart, nes, nintendo, ROM Hack, Super Bros. 6, super mario bros., Super Mario Bros. 3, Tiny Toons, video game, video games
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2017/02/13/funny-time-super-mario-160-in-1/
Super Mario Bros. 2 Unbeatable Program
There are some bootleg versions of Super Mario Bros. 2j (lost levels) that put the disk-based game onto a cartridge.
Usually they look more or less like this:
What Mario 2j carts usually look like
But they don't all look like that. Sometimes they look like this:
It says "unbeatable program" on it. Weird.
Well, let's start it up.
Huh. Everything appears to be as usual.
…until the game starts scrolling.
…wait a second, is the HUD scrolling? Yes it is. It scrolls whenever the background scrolls.
After it scrolls long enough, it comes back around the other end.
(no, this isn't just a problem with the demo. It happens throughout the whole game.)
Anyway, that's about it. Other than that thing with the HUD, it seems to be identical to the official Super Mario Bros. 2j.
By the way, I'm sorry I haven't been posting here as much as usual. ): Unfortunately, I don't have as much money to buy these games as I did before, so there won't be as many posts. (don't worry though I still have some stuff that I haven't written about yet.)
If you want more posts here, then I'd really appreciate it if you donated some money to this site via the Patreon page. Whatever though. I don't mind if you guys don't donate anything because you aren't really getting anything in return.
…If you want to support the famiclone blog and actually get something in return, you could buy some of this stuff:
http://www.famicomworld.com/forum/index.php?topic=12901.0
I'll use the money I get from there to buy Famiclone stuff.
by hummerteam on September 26, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in game
Tagged bootleg, famiclone, famicom, nes, super mario bros., Super Mario Bros. 2j, Super Mario Bros. Lost Levels, unlicensed
Posted by hummerteam on September 26, 2016
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2016/09/26/super-mario-bros-2-unbeatable-program/
The Dragon by Rinco
So I went and got this bootleg cartridge called The Dragon. And here it is:
By all appearances, it is not The Dragon. It appears to be a bootleg Super Mortal Kombat 3 cartridge. In fact, there was a bootleg copy of Super Mortal Kombat 3 that was made with this exact same label and cartridge shell by a company called NT.
I do not know for sure why my copy of The Dragon is in a Mortal Kombat 3 cartridge shell. I suspect that at some point somebody opened up their The Dragon cartridge and their Mortal Kombat 3 cartridge and swapped the circuitboards.
But the game on this cartridge is The Dragon, whatever the label says. And it is completely different from Mortal Kombat.
I say "mostly" because the sprites for the bosses and the main character are taken from Mortal Kombat 1. (Or at least people say they are—I haven't played any of the Mortal Kombat games.)
Well let's turn it on and play.
Here is what you will get when you first power on the game:
Alright, so here's a copyright. It was published by Rinco, which is short for Ramar International Co.
It was programmed by Tony Tech, which was a group of programmers who used to work at Sachen. Sachen is another bootleg game company, and I will probably write about some of their games at some point.
But I am not writing about Sachen, I am writing about The Dragon.
And the title screen for that aforementioned video game looks like this:
As you can see, it has a title in English and also in Arabic, which is uncommon in bootleg Famicom games. There are very few that have Arabic in them.
Also on the title screen is what is supposed to be Bruce Lee.
Bootleg game makers have a problem when it comes to being consistent on names, and The Dragon is no exception. The English title is "The Dragon", and the (translated) Arabic title is "Bruce Lee", and some cartridge labels say "Lee Dragon".
(I'm not even counting that my cartridge label says "Super Mortal Kombat 3")
Anyway, let's press start, like the title screen is telling us to.
English and Arabic. I am going to pick English, because I don't speak Arabic, and if I select Arabic as the language then I will not be able to read it.
On the other hand, I can select English, which I can read (and write, for that matter), and thus I will be able to understand the game's text.
One way or the other, you will get a menu, the English version of which is pictured below:
I will be going through these options in reverse order, because they are in their unmodified form arranged from most complicated to least complicated. As such, the first menu selection that I will be covering is OPTION.
"Life" let's you change the number of lives you have. It's basically a difficulty selector.
And "Menu" shows you the controls. These controls, of course, I completely ignored and played the game without knowing them.
And "Exit" takes you back out of the menu. Pretty self explanatory.
Anyway, back to that first menu, the option in the middle is "Battle". If you select that, then this will happen:
There are two different game modes in The Dragon. The first one is Battle, and the other one is Game. If this was an official cartridge, it would probably be called Story mode.
Battle mode is just all of the boss fights from Game mode put together into a fighting game.
And that's basically it for Battle mode. What about the other fighters, you ask? I will get to (some of) them in my summary of Game mode, in which they are the bosses.
So without any further delay let us start up Game mode.
"About the Bruce Lee"? This definitely is not to those good grammar.
The grammar is getting worse and worse.
Yes, for some reason you fight one of the bosses right at the beginning of the game. And the boss fights are basically a bad 2D fighting game.
When I initially played this game on an emulator, I thought it was just a fighting game and stopped playing it after losing a few times.
But, as I later found out, The Dragon is more than just a fighting game.
And if you have the patience to keep playing it, you will find out that by using low kicks you can avoid some of the enemy attacks as well as attack the enemy. In which case you will defeat "Suzuki (Ninja)" and you will (after a couple of screens) see what else The Dragon is.
"You won't get away", huh? Well I just did and there is nothing that Suzuki (Ninja) is going to do about it.
Anyway, this will happen next.
The Dragon is also a side-scrolling beat-'em-up.
And it is also a platforming game.
See that box? Well, those boxes are stupid. You smash them open to get bonus items. BUT, they will also a lot of the time just explode in your face and eliminate half of your health. If you smash two exploding ones, you are dead. ):
On the other hand, you CAN get some other stuff out of them. But they explode so often that it isn't really worth it.
One of these is an item that refills around 1/5 to 1/4 of your health.
Also, much less frequently you can get this whip thing:
It gives you more attack power, and a little bit more range of attack. But it isn't really all that much help, because the majority of the enemies can be killed in just a couple hits anyway.
Moving on, here is the second boss fight:
Alright, the next guy is Ram (King Fighter). He is a little harder to beat than Suzuki (Ninja) but it's still pretty tricky.
Sorry the picture is blurry but I am not going to do anything about it.
What??? I just did, didn't I?? Whatever.
Come on Rinco why do you have to put a sign that says "Rinco" two times on it? And how many "Rinco" signs to you see in real life? None? That's what I thought. Count on Tony Tech to make a realistic game. And also a game that has signs that don't have redundant extra words on them.
**sigh** whatever.
When you die, this happens:
The screen gets all black and white and you die.
Why did I die? It's because of these guys:
See the really short pink guy? Those guys are the worst because you aren't protected from their attacks by crouching. ): They are mean. They also come in some other colors too, besides pink. Like red and blue.
And we have reached the next bad guy, Tat (Chevalier Of The East).
This guy is REALLY hard, because his attacks are really strong and also he does these stupid rapid-fire low kick attacks which take out a big chunk of your health.
If you lose all of your lives, you will be given the option to continue.
Again, I am not going to do anything about the blurry picture.
And if you eventually beat Tat (Chevalier Of The East) then this will happen:
What? I just beat you!
Ahh this is stupid. I can't tell if you are the one saying this stuff or if it is the bad guy.
Grammar usual, as bad.
Then after some more beat-'em-upping there is this really stupid unfair part where you have to jump over some saw blades, which I tried to do over and over again and was only able to get across the first jump once.
And then I got a game over.
I quit.
by hummerteam on August 20, 2016 • Permalink
Tagged bootleg, Bruce Lee, famicom, nes, nintendo, pirate, video games
Posted by hummerteam on August 20, 2016
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2016/08/20/the-dragon-by-rinco/
Super Mario pirate cart
The majority of single-game pirate carts of licensed cartridge games are boring. Just a normal game with nothing special about it. Typically with unoriginal or generic label art, too. And since most of the ones I have found are overpriced, I don't have very many.
Here are the ones I do have (other than the one mentioned in this post's title):
Mario 256 Worlds version, which I got by accident
Says "Elrond" instead of "Wizards and Warriors". Also it was really cheap.
Weird artwork.
A few days ago, I got a Super Mario Bros. pirate cartridge, even though it was overpriced, because it looks like this.
LOL. That's ridiculous. When you power it on, you get this fairly common title screen hack of Super Mario Bros.:
Hacked Super Mario Bros. Title Screen
I believe this cartridge was made in Argentina, because I got from there. Also I got this other very similar bootleg game from Argentina also:
If anyone has any information about these cartridges or what company made them I would like to know. (:
Anyway I thought the label for this game was pretty funny. So hopefully you will too.
Oh by the way here is the back of the cartridge:
That's it for now. Bye guys!
UPDATE: Also it has the level select enabled by default
Tagged bootleg, famicom, Mario, nes, nintendo, pirate, super mario bros.
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2016/08/19/super-mario-pirate-cart/
The Power Joy Navigator, Part 3
I have finally stopped being lazy and I am FINALLY writing more about the Power Joy navigator.
I'm REALLY sorry I took forever to do this, but I'm writing about it now. Unfortunately, my player 2 controller seems to be malfunctioning on the Power Joy Navigator. ):
But meh here you go.
First off is Pulverization. It is a hack of Battle City with new levels and vertical scrolling. In my last post, I accidentally referred to it as Alienis, because they are very similar. It also changes sounds and graphics.
Next up is Alienis.
Like the other games on the Navigator, the copyright is changed to say © Power Joy Ltd. instead of what it was supposed to say.
But whatever. What is Alienis?
Alienis is an advanced hack of Battle City developed by Inventor. Inventor is the same company that made that Pandamar hack of Super Mario Bros. that replaces Mario with a panda.
Well, what is changed from Battle City to Alienis?
The biggest difference is that Inventor added vertical scrolling. Pretty neat, huh? Also they changed the sprites and background. I am not entirely sure what it is supposed to be, but the background is blue, and you play as weird looking vehicle things. Instead of just dying when you are hit, you have two HP. After the first hit, your ship is split in two. After a second hit, you lose a life. But instead of going back to the beginning, you just get the ship you are using replaced with a new one.
In the original Battle City, you had to kill all the enemy tanks in order to move on to the next level. In this game, the levels are harder and I have been so far unable to complete the first level. I haven't really played it very much yet though, so I'm no one to judge.
Oh, and instead of guarding an eagle statue like the original Battle City, you are guarding a little house.
Well that's that. The next game I will write about is Polar Bat.
Polar Bat? What's that?
It is a NiceCode game.
NiceCode Software's logo.
And it features a guy who runs around at the bottom of the screen throwing snowballs up to attack the bats at the top of the screen, while dodging enormous snow-boulders and snow-icicles that will kill you if you don't get out of the way.
That's about it for Polar Bat. Moving on to Diamond.
It is a either a knockoff or a hack of Breakout. Not much new, gameplaywise.
The last one I will write about today is Snowball. A simple but challenging puzzle game thing.
You control a snowman, and you have to push all of the snowballs into holes in the level. If you mess up, you have a once-per-level thing where you can take back the move you just made. And you can also reset the level.
As you can see, that one is pretty easy. That's because it's the first level. The levels get more difficult as you progress through the game.
I've made it to level three in the few minutes I have played this game.
That's it for today, guys. I will write more later.
by hummerteam on July 13, 2016 • Permalink
Posted in famiclone, game
Tagged bootleg, famiclone, famicom, hack, hacks, nes, nintendo, pirate, power joy, power joy navigator, unlicensed, video game, video games
Posted by hummerteam on July 13, 2016
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2016/07/13/the-power-joy-navigator-part-3/
Famicom Bootleg Competition?
Hey guys! So I am maybe going to start a competition for playing Famicom bootlegs.
I say "maybe" because I'm not sure how much interest there is going to be in this and if only 2 people are in the competition won't happen.
Assuming people want to be in, here's the plan: Every month (or other unit of time) there will be a new task that you have to do in a bootleg Famicom game, and you have to do the task and email your entry to an email that I will set up. Depending on how well you did the task, you will get points, which are added to your total. Whoever has the most points at the end of the competition is the winner.
Not all the details have been sorted out yet (is TAS allowed? etc.) so (maybe) for more information go to this forum page because that is currently where the discussion about this possibly upcoming competition is going to be, as well as any updates or whatever. If you are interested let me know so I will know to get it set up. 🙂
Tagged bootleg, competition, famiclone, famicom, nes, nintendo, video game, video games
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2016/07/13/famicom-bootleg-competition/
NiceCode's Greedy
I don't mean that NiceCode is greedy (although they are, putting out games like Egg Contest), I mean that NiceCode made a game called Greedy.
I am playing it on the CoolBoy 400 in 1 multicart.
Huh. It has a Snake. I wonder what this game has to do with snakes.
It's a Snake clone.
Snake is a pretty good game though, right? Doesn't that mean this game is good too?
No. Why? Because NiceCode went and NiceCode-ified up Snake, and now we have this.
They made it so that after your snake gets big enough, it goes to the next level and resets your snake. That basically ruins the game.
I think maybe you have to make your snake bigger every level, but I'm not sure. That would make it a tiny bit better. It still isn't very much fun compared to actual Snake.
Count on NiceCode to mess up what could have been a pretty good game.
by hummerteam on July 6, 2016 • Permalink
Tagged bootleg, famicom, nes, NiceCode, nintendo, Nintendo Entertainment System, Snake, video game
Posted by hummerteam on July 6, 2016
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2016/07/06/nicecodes-greedy/
"Super Gmae" 4-in-1
Hello everyone, I recently got this 4-in-1 cartridge from 2005, pictured in the below picture:
Hm. In addition to the misspelling of "Super Gmae" it claims to have the following games:
Shudu
Well. Before we start up the game and see which games are included, I'm going to point out a few things about the artwork.
"Shudu" features Dash from The Incredibles standing on a Sudoku board. And Tetris on here has artwork stolen from Tetris Worlds.
As for those other games I really have no idea where the art came from. I suspect it to be stolen and if anyone who reads this knows what it is, please let me know.
Let's start it!
It appears that the game list has changed a bit.
Well let's start up Shudu.
Ehh I dunno I can't read Japanese/Chinese/Whatever this is. They changed the copyright to say 2005 and they also garbled the company name.
It's Sudoku. I don't know what this is a hack of but it's a hack of some sort. The person who sold me this game says it was a hack.
And it doesn't have anything to do with The Incredibles.
Let's try out Tank.
Again, they didn't change the copyright very well. But the title screen artwork is very good. Let's press start.
And this is a hack of Battle City. I haven't really played the original Battle City, but I've played some hacks of it so I can tell.
So, yeah. They changed a lot of the graphics. I suspect the level layouts are changed too but I can't check because I'm too lazy to try out the original Battle City right at the moment.
OK let's play Square.
Hm… I suspect Tetris.
Yes I was right. Tetris. A hack of Tengen's Tetris, to be precise.
In this hack, they changed the title screen and removed the all the difficulty/music/handicap options. Now it's just a simple 1 player/2 player selection.
Also, like you saw, they changed a lot of the graphics, too.
Onto the last game, Highway Racing.
OK now it's Highway Racing I.
It's a racing game. It is seems familiar but I can't remember what it is. Also, there's a typo on it. In the game it says "Feul" instead of "Fuel".
Anyway, that's it for Super Gmae 4-in-1.
by hummerteam on June 30, 2016 • Permalink
Tagged battle city, bootleg, famicom, hack, multicart, nes, nintendo, pirate, Sudoku, Tetris, Tetris Worlds, The Incredibles, unlicensed, video game, video games
Posted by hummerteam on June 30, 2016
https://famicloneblog.wordpress.com/2016/06/30/super-gmae-4-in-1/
famiclone


text:
AFL club St Kilda has parted ways with coach Alan Richardson after five-and-a-half mostly unsuccessful years.
Clark ousted as NZ opt for change
Peter Lewis and wires
Updated January 05, 2012 14:50:06
Photo: Prime minister-elect John Key has pledged a more prosperous and more ambitious New Zealand. (Hannah Johnston: Getty Images)
Map: New Zealand
New Zealanders have voted for change in Saturday's general election sweeping aside the three-term government of Labour Prime Minister Helen Clark in favour of a new conservative coalition led by the National Party.
The swing to the right, that was forecast in all the pre-election polling, was apparent as soon as counting got underway.
The centre right National Party, led by John Key, finished with 45 per cent of the vote compared with Labour's 33 per cent.
That translates into 59 seats in a 122-seat parliament, where it will head up a coalition including the right wing ACT and United Future parties and possibly even the Maori Party.
A short time ago, Miss Clark conceded defeat and stepped down as leader of the Labour Party.
"As is obvious to all tonight has not been our night and I congratulate John Key and the National Party on the result they have achieved," she said.
"In politics we all experience the highs and the lows and I've experienced both over a long political career.
"Tonight is a night for the winners to savour but we won't be going away.
"My job as leader of the Labour Party is complete. I will be standing down and I will be expecting my Labour Party colleagues to elect a new leader before Christmas."
The other big loser was maverick former foreign minister Winston Peters whose New Zealand First party has been wiped out.
Prime minister-elect John Key pledged a more ambitious future for the country during his acceptance speech in Auckland.
"In their hundreds and thousands across the country they have voted for change," he said.
"Today, New Zealanders have voted for action, for a safer, more prosperous and more ambitious New Zealand."
- ABC/AFP
Topics: world-politics, new-zealand
First posted November 08, 2008 21:31:00
SPORT St Kilda parts ways with coach Alan Richardson
'Our scientists just want to do their job': CSIRO concerned Adani is alleging bias (photos)
St Kilda parts ways with coach Alan Richardson
'Our scientists just want to do their job': CSIRO concerned Adani is alleging bias
Australia dodges a bullet from quake 100 times bigger than tremor that devastated Newcastle


Most people are not conscious of when they are in their wounded self. They generally don't know when they are being needy, demanding, blaming, attacking, guilting, and so on. And, they often don't accurately remember what they said and did while operating from their wounded self.
Therefore, trying to talk with someone close to you – a partner, a parent, a friend – about a difficult or painful situation after the fact generally doesn't get anywhere, and may lead to more conflict.
However, we often don't know what to say in the moment because we have rarely seen people speak up in the moment from their loving adult.
For example, let's say your mother is making a statement that feels to you like a guilt-inducing statement. What are some of the things you can say to take loving care of yourself?
How would your inner child feel if you spoke up for yourself like that?
You get the idea. When you speak up in the moment, naming your experience of what is happening and asking if this is accurate, your child will likely feel very important to you. And, you have a much better chance of the other person getting what you are experiencing than if you say it after the fact. If they deny your experience, as in the above example with Mom, you can say you are relieved to hear it – and the guilting, blaming, etc. will likely stop for that interaction.
The more you name what you experience as their intent, the better chance there is of having a clear interaction.
Heal your relationship with Dr. Margaret Paul's Intimate Relationship Toolbox, a 12-week online course.


text:
International Artist Highlights
Rina Sawayama's Second Album "Hold the Girl" is a Introspective, Apocalypse dance party
Photo: Han Yang
The British-Japanese deep-thinking Pop Star says if it's all going to hell she will see you there
Rina Sawayama is a pop star continuing her rise. She was born in Niigata, Japan, and moved to London at the age of 5. She told Who What Wear, "I've loved singing since I was young, but when it came down to making music as a job or a career, it wasn't until my mid-20s that I realized it was a possibility." Sawayama had to define who she was and learn to live for herself. It took time, patience, and flexibility. She studied political science, psychology, and sociology at the University of Cambridge. Her formal education taught her how to work hard as she while finding her way. She eventually became a devoted student to the art of music. She has built a study of music through other musicians she likes such as Lizzo's empowerment, Charlie XCX's fun-and-freakiness, and Lady Gaga's genre-clashing vastness.
Sawayama has created a lane of her own by giving us an unexpected mix of head-thrashing rock and early bubble-gum pop, with a twist of country. As an independent artist, she has funded her music and projects. Her debut album was entitled, "Sawayama," and it started climbing the charts in her 20s. She was still working as a model and bussing tables but she made sure she was able to do what was needed to fund her project. She told Who What Wear, " Being an independent artist for so long was not about making music. It was about surviving. You want to make sure people are getting paid for their work, and I was always focused on how to fund the next thing, the next video, the next tour." She signed a record deal with Dirty Hit (the label) in 2019.
At 32, she sings about matters of personal memories and moments of self-doubt that she illuminates on stage by turning all of that into a true diva-ish performance. Her choreography is impeccable, she hits every note perfectly and she creates a sense of solidarity. Her performances are playful yet at times serious moods as seen during her New York performance. She played a toy saxophone before reminding the crowd that "the personal is political."
She is expected to release her second album, "Hold the Girl" in September 2022. It is the result of all of her intense introspection and healing. She has expressed that she has had so many moments of confusion when she tries to grasp the concept of what true forgiveness means. The combo of therapy and self-help books made her feel emotionally "unblocked." She sings about shame, forgiveness, and resilience. The album ends with Sawayama declaring for the first time that she knows "what it feels like to be alive."
She is inspired by country music by Patsy Cline and is drawn more to the likes of Lady Gaga. Her new album is her version of country in her view. She wears cowboy boots in her performances, talks about Shania Twain in her songs, and actually uses a banjo in some of her songs. She is indulged in the storytelling of Dolly Parton and Kacey Musgraves. She states, "Country music is not trying to complicate things, the important thing about country songwriting is that you're telling the true reality about what happening to you, and that's something I've been trying to stay true to."
One song that we found interesting is called "This Hell." The lyrics say, This hell is better with you, we're burning up together, baby, that makes two." Whaaaaat, those are some of the best lyrics I have heard in a while.
Her comeback album is for sure to be lit. The song is about homophobia. It's a fun healing approach to such a serious but sensitive subject. She keeps things real. She states that you can't live life too seriously and when you find a community that you feel safe around and can joke about you can reclaim certain things. Laughter is key and things like that can help people to heal from their trauma.
She embraces life and she is accepting of the hell in front and behind her instead of being angry and curling up into a ball. The vocals in all the songs are compelling, relatable, and fun and we are here for it all. We can't wait for the release. Rina, YOU GO GIRL!
Tags: 2022, 2022 music review, alternative, celebrity, country, japanese artist, lady gaga, lgbtq, musician, pop, pop singles, rina sawayama
Richard 'O S—' Duncan of Black Ink Crew New York arrested for DUI & Cocaine
Terry Presume "Don't Like U"


text:
Mountain lion hit, killed on Hwy 1 in Cambria, officials say
A mountain lion found dead along the side of Highway 1 in Cambria is believed to have been hit by a car overnight, according to Fish and Wildlife.
Patrol Lieutenant Todd Tognazzini says a passerby reported seeing the mountain lion along the side of the southbound lanes of Highway 1 in Cambria at about 7:50 a.m. Thursday.
Tognazzini says the "sub-adult" lion was determined to be a female and was about 50 pounds in size.
Officers retrieved it and will conduct a necropsy on the animal.
It's not uncommon for mountain lions to be hit by cars. Tognazzini says within the last few months, lions have been hit near San Luis Obispo, along Santa Rosa Creek Road and on Tuesday, one was hit in downtown Monterey.
Tognazzini says mountain lions are highly nocturnal, so while the driver who hit the lion did not call it in, officials believe it was hit sometime overnight.
Fish and Wildlife is currently conducting a mountain lion study in San Luis Obispo County and says any information they can collect is valuable.
The female mountain lion found dead along Highway 1 in Cambria Thursday morning. (Photo: Fish and Wildlife)


"Reforestation Programs in Southwest China: Reported Success, Observed " by Christine Jane Trac, Stevan Harrell et al.
Ever since the disastrous floods of 1998, the Chinese government has used the Natural Forest Protection and Sloping Land Conversion Programs to promote afforestation and reforestation as means to reduce runoff, control erosion, and stabilize local livelihoods. These two ambitious programs have been reported as large-scale successes, contributing to an overall increase in China's forest cover and to the stated goals of environmental stabilization. A small-scale field study at the project level of the implementation of these two programs in Baiwu Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan, casts doubt upon the accuracy and reliability of these claims of success; ground observations revealed utter failure in some sites and only marginal success in others. Reasons for this discrepancy are posited as involving ecological, economic, and bureaucratic factors. Further research is suggested to determine whether these discrepancies are merely local aberrations or represent larger-scale failures in reforestation programs.
Trac, Christine Jane, Stevan Harrell, Thomas M. Hinckley, and Amanda C. Henck. 2007. "Reforestation Programs in Southwest China: Reported Success, Observed Failure, and the Reasons Why." Journal of Mountain Science 4(4): 275-292.


text:
La organización territorial del Imperio otomano es el conjunto de las distintas divisiones administrativas en que se organizó estatalmente el Imperio otomano, de la que están excluidos los diferentes tipos de estados vasallos y tributarios.

El Imperio turco otomano fue subdividido por primera vez en provincias, en el sentido de unidades territoriales fijos con gobernadores nombrados por el sultán o Gran visir, a finales del siglo XIV. El beylerbey o gobernador de cada provincia era nombrado por el gobierno central. Los sanjacados se regían por sanjak-beys (sancakbeyi), seleccionados entre los altos rangos militares por el gobierno central. Los beylerbeyis tenía autoridad sobre todos los sanjak-beys de una región. Los kaza eran una subdivisión de los sanjak y se referían a la circunscripción administrativa básica, regida por un cadí.

Se considera extremadamente difícil definir el número y los límites exactos de las provincias y dominios otomanos, ya que sus fronteras estaban cambiando constantemente. Hasta el período Tanzimat, las fronteras de las unidades administrativas variaban, reflejando las estrategias cambiantes de los otomanos, la aparición de nuevas amenazas en la región, y el surgimiento de poderosos Ayans. Todas las subdivisiones eran muy desiguales en cuanto a superficie y población, y la presencia de numerosas tribus nómadas contribuyó a la extrema variabilidad de las cifras de población.

En español, las subdivisiones otomanas se conocen con una gran variedad de términos turcos (valiato, eyalato, beylerbeylicato, sanjacado, nahia, kaza, etc.) aunque a menudo se evitan en favor de denominaciones más familiares con la cultura europea (como «provincia» o «gobernatura» o «gobernación», «condado», «distrito») que se perciben más cercanas que las originales turcas. Estas traducciones, sin embargo, raramente son coincidentes en las obras de distintos autores.

Organización inicial del Imperio

La organización inicial se remonta a los inicios de los otomanos como un estado vasallo de los selyúcidas (Uç Beyliği) en la Anatolia central. El Imperio otomano surgió en los últimos años sobre una amalgama de organizaciones políticas pre-existentes, los beylicatos de Anatolia, nacidos bajo el dominio de la gobernante Casa de Osman.

Esta extensión se basó en la estructura administrativa ya establecida del sistema selyúcida, en la que los gobernantes hereditarios de esos territorios eran conocidos como beys. Estos beys (líderes local), que no fueron eliminados, continuaron gobernando bajo la soberanía de los sultanes otomanos. El término bey pasó a ser aplicado no sólo a estos antiguos gobernantes, sino también a los nuevos gobernadores designados cuando los líderes locales ya habían sido eliminados.

El Imperio otomano estaba, al principio, subdividido entre los soberanos sanjacado y otros sanjacados confiados a los hijos del sultán otomano. Los sanjacados se regían por sanjakbeys, gobernadores militares que recibieron una bandera o estandarte —un sanjacado (el significado literal)— del sultán.

A medida que el Imperio se expandió en Europa, creció la necesidad de disponer de un nivel intermedio de administración y, bajo el gobierno de Murad I (gob. 1359-1389), fue nombrado un beylerbey («bey de beys») o gobernador general para supervisar Rumelia, la parte europea del imperio. A finales del siglo XIV, también se estableció un beylerbeylik para Anatolia, con su capital en Kütahya. Fue siempre considerado inferior en rango al beylerbey de Rumelia, ya que grandes áreas nominalmente bajo su control fueron entregadas a los hijos del gobernante.

Tras el establecimiento de los beylerbeylicados, los sanjacados se convirtieron en el segundo orden de división administrativa, aunque siguieron siendo de primer orden en determinadas circunstancias, como en las zonas recién conquistadas que aún no habían sido asignadas a un beylerbey. Además de sus deberes como gobernadores generales, los beylerbeys fueron los comandantes de todas las tropas en su provincia.

Primer nivel de unidades administrativas

Eyalatos (1362-1864)

Un eyalato era el territorio de una oficina o un beylerbeyi, y se subdividían en sanjacados.

A raíz de las conquistas entre 1362 y 1400 de Murad I y su hijo Bayezid I, surgió la necesidad de establecer formalmente una organización del territorio otomano. Durante los primeros años del reinado de Bayezid, se establecieron los dos primeros eyalatos: el eyalato de Rumelia, que comprendía todas las tierras conquistadas en Europa, y el eyalato de Anatolia, que comprendía todas las conquistas en Asia Menor. Con la expansión hacia el este de los reinos de Bayezid en la década de 1390, llegó a existir un tercero eyalato, el eyalato de Rum, que tenía como ciudad principal Amasya. Este se convirtió en la sede del gobierno del hijo menor de Bayezid, Mehmed I, e iba a seguir siendo una residencia de gobernadores principescos hasta el siglo XVI.

En 1395, Bayezid I ejecutó al última zar shishmanida del Segundo Imperio Búlgaro, y anexó su reino al eyalato de Rumelia. En 1461, Mehmed II expulsó a los últimos de la dinastía de los Isfendyaridas de la provincia de Sinope, concediéndole tierras cerca de Bursa a cambio de su territorio hereditario. El principado isfendyarida se convirtió en un distrito del eyalato de Anatolia. En 1468, se estableció el eyalato de Karamán, a raíz de la anexión del antes independiente principado de Karaman. Mehmed II nombró a su hijo Mustafá como gobernador del nuevo eyalato, con capital en Konya.

El siglo XVI vio el mayor incremento en el número de eyalatos, en gran parte gracias a las conquistas de Selim I y Solimán I que requirieron incorporar el nuevo territorio a la estructura del Imperio, y en parte a través de la reorganización del territorio existente. Una lista fechada en 1527 muestra ya ocho eyalatos, con los eyalatos de Egipto, Siria, Diyarbekir y Kurdistán añadidos a los cuatro originales. El último eyalato, sin embargo, no sobrevivió como entidad administrativa. Las conquistas de Solimán en el este de Turquía, en Irak y en Hungría también dieron lugar a la creación de nuevos eyalatos.

El antiguo principado de Dulkadir se convirtió en el eyalato de Dulkadir algún tiempo después de su anexión en 1522. Después de la campaña iraní de 1533-36, los nuevos eyalatos de Erzurum, Van, Shehrizor y Bagdad guardaban la frontera con Irán. En 1541 se creó el eyalato de Buda con una parte del antiguo Reino de Hungría. El eyalato del Archipiélago fue creado por Solimán I especialmente para Jeireddín Barbarroja en 1533, separando distritos de las costas e islas del Egeo que habían sido previamente parte de los eyalatos de Rumelia y de Anatolia, y uniéndolos como eyalato independiente.

En 1580, Bosnia, anteriormente un distrito de Rumelia, se convirtió en un eyalato por derecho propio, presumiblemente debido a su posición de importancia estratégica en la frontera con los Habsburgo. Consideraciones similares llevaron a la creación del eyalato de Kanizsa a partir de los distritos adyacentes a esta fortaleza fronteriza, que habían caído en manos de los otomanos en 1600. En el mismo período, la anexión de los distritos de Rumelia en el bajo Danubio y en la costa del mar Negro, y su adición a los territorios comprendidos entre el Danubio y el Dniéper a lo largo del mar Negro, dio lugar al eyalato de Silistra. Al mismo tiempo, en la costa sur-oriental del mar Negro, se formó el eyalato de Trebisonda. El objetivo de esta reorganización, y en especial la creación del eyalato de Ozi presuntamente fue mejorar las defensas de los puertos del mar Negro contra los cosacos.

Hacia 1500, los cuatro eyalatos centrales del Imperio (Rumelia, Anatolia, Rum y Karamán) estaban bajo gobierno directo. Valaquia, Moldavia y el kanato de Crimea, los territorios en los que Mehmed II había conseguido su soberanía, permanecieron bajo el control de dinastías nativas tributarias del sultán. Así también lo hizo el Reino de Hungría después de la batalla de Mohács en 1526. Ya en 1609, de acuerdo con la lista de Ayn Ali, había 32 eyalatos. Algunos de ellos, como Trípoli, Chipre o Túnez, fueron botín de conquista. Otros, sin embargo, fueron productos de divisiones administrativas.

Valiatos (1864-1922)

Los valiatos se introdujeron con la promulgación de la Ley Valiato () en 1864, como parte de las reformas administrativas que se estaban promulgando en todo el imperio. A diferencia del anterior sistema de eyalatos, la ley de 1864 estableció una jerarquía de unidades administrativas: el valiato, liva/sanjacado, kaza y consejo de la aldea, a la que la nueva Ley Valiato de 1871 añadió el nabiye. La ley de 1864 también especificó las responsabilidades del gobernador del valiato (valí) y de sus consejos, aunque también dejó a los gobernadores un amplio campo para la acción independiente así como sobre su responsabilidad, como parte de un sistema destinado a lograr un alto grado de eficiencia en el gobierno de las provincias.

Unidades administrativas de orden inferior

Las provincias (eyalatos) se dividieron en sanjacados (también llamados livas) regiadas por sanjakbeys (también llamados Mutesarrifs) y se subdividieron en timars (feudos en poder de timariots), kadiluks (el área de responsabilidad de un juez o Kadı) y zeamets (también ziam; más grandes que los timars).

El sanjacado era gobernado como un valiato en una escala más pequeña. El mutesarrif era nombrado por decreto imperial, y representaba al Vali, que corresponde con el gobierno a través suyo, excepto en algunas circunstancias especiales en las que el sanjak era independiente, en cuyo caso el mutesarrif se correspondía directamente con el ministro del Interior.

Los gobernadores sanjacado también sirvieron como comandantes militares de todo las fuerzas de caballería de los timariot y zeamet de su sanjak. Algunas provincias, como Egipto, Bagdad, Abisinia y Al-Hasa (las provincias salyane) no se subdividieron en sanjaks y timars. El área gobernada por un Aga era conocido a menudo como un agaluk. El término Arpalik () o Arpaluk, se refiere a un gran estado (es decir, sanjacado) atribuido a algún cargo superior, o a algún margrave, como una disposición temporal antes de ser nombrado para una posición adecuada. El sistema feudal en el Imperio otomano empleó el término arpa o Arpalik, o «tributo-cebada», para referirse a una segunda asignación hecha a funcionarios para compensar los costos de forraje para sus caballos (para cubrir los gastos de mantenimiento de una pequeña unidad de caballería).

Sanjacados

Los distritos que constituían un eyalato eran conocidos como sanjacados, cada una bajo el mando de un sanjak-bey. El número de sanjacados en cada eyalato variaba considerablemente. En 1609, Ayn Ali señaló que Rumelia tenía 24 sanjacados, pero que seis de estos en el Peloponeso se habían separado para formar el independiente eyalato de Morea. Anatolia tuvo 14 sanjacados y el eyalato de Damasco tuvo 11. Hubo, además, varios eyalatos donde no había división formal en sanjacados. Estos, en la lista de Ayn Ali, eran Basora y parte del eyalato eyalato de Bagdad, Al-Hasa, Egipto, Trípoli, Túnez y Argel. Y añade a la lista el eyalato de Yemen, con la nota que «en este momento los Imames han usurpado control». Estos eyalatos fueron, sin embargo, excepcionales: el patrón típico fue el del eyalato subdividido en sanjacados. En el siglo XVI, estos presentan un patrón administrativo racional de los territorios, basado generalmente en torno a una ciudad o asentamiento del que el sanjacado tomó su nombre, y con una población de unos 100.000 habitantes.

Sin embargo, esto no siempre había sido así. Parece más probable que antes de mediados del siglo XV, el factor más importante para determinar el patrón de sanjacados fuese la existencia de antiguos señoríos y principados, y de las zonas donde señores de las marcas habían adquirido territorios para ellos y sus seguidores. Algunos sanjacados de hecho conservan los nombres de las dinastías que gobernaron allí antes de la conquista otomana.

En 1609, Ayn Ali hizo una nota de su estatus oficial. Al enumerar los sanjacados en el eyalato de Diyarbekir, señala que tenía diez «distritos otomanos» y, además, ocho «distritos de señores kurdos». En estos casos, cuando un señor fallecía, la gobernatura no recaía en un extraño, sino en su hijo. En otros aspectos, sin embargo, parecían sanjacados otomanos normales, en que los ingresos fueron registrados y asignados a los titulares feudales que iban a la guerra bajo su señor. Por otra parte, sin embargo, Ayn Ali señaló que había cinco «sanjacados soberanos», que sus señores disponían de ellos «como propiedad privada», y que se encontraban fuera del sistema del gobierno provincial. Ayn Ali registra similares distritos independientes o semi-independientes en el eyalato de Çıldır, en el noreste de Turquía, y posiblemente el más famoso, en el eyalato de Van donde los kanes de Bitlis gobernaron de forma independiente hasta el siglo XIX. Había otras áreas, también, que gozaronn de autonomía o semi-autonomía. En la segunda mitad del siglo XVI, Kilis quedó bajo el cargo de gobernador hereditario de la familia Janbulad, mientras Adana permaneció bajo el dominio de la dinastía pre-otomana de los Ramazanoghlu. En el Líbano, Ali Ayn se refiere a los caciques drusos con la nota: «no hay señores musulmanes en las montañas». Hubo otros enclaves autónomos en el Imperio, tanto si recibieron o no reconocimiento formal como sanjacados pero, por el siglo XVI, estos eran excepcionales.

La mayoría de los sanjacados de todo el Imperio se encontraban bajo la regla de nombramientos no-hereditarios, que no tenían familia permanente con conexiones territoriales con el área.

Gobernadores

Beylerbey

La palabra en turco que designa al equivalente occidental de un gobernador general es beylerbey, que significa «señor de señores» o «comandante de comandantes». En tiempos de guerra, se reunían bajo su estandarte y luchaban como una unidad en el ejército del sultán. Sin embargo, como gobernador territorial, el beylerbey tenía ahora responsabilidades más amplias. Jugó el principal papel en la asignación de los feudos en su eyalato, y tenía las responsabilidades de mantener el orden y administrar justicia. Su residencia, como la del sultán en la capital, era el centro político del eyalato. Hacia la mitad del siglo XVI, aparte de los principados del norte del Danubio, todos los eyalatos quedaron bajo el dominio directo del sultán. Los beylerbeys eran todos sus nombramientos, y podía ser removidos o transferidos a su antojo. Su mandato era limitado: las gubernaturas no eran hereditarios, y nadie podía servir durante toda su vida.

El cargo de beylerbey era el más prestigioso y el más rentable en el gobierno provincial, y el sultán casi siempre eligía sus visires de entre los beylerbeys. También hubo, al parecer, una jerarquía entre los propios gobernadores. El principal era el beylerbey de Rumelia que, desde 1536, tenía derecho a sentarse en el Consejo Imperial. La precedencia entre los restantes, según Ayn Ali en 1609, seguía el orden en que los eyalatos habían sido conquistados, aunque no aclara si este ranking tenía nada más que un significado ceremonial. Sin embargo, antes de 1650, se produjo otro desarrollo. Durante ese período, comenzó la práctica de nombrar algunos beylerbeys con el rango de visir. Un gobernador visiral, según el canciller Abdurrahman Pasha en 1676, tenía el mando de los gobernadores de los eyalatos colindantes que «debían recurrir a él y obedecer sus órdenes». Además,«cuando los beylerbeys con visiratos se despedían de su eyalato, escuchaban litigios y seguían ejerciendo el mando visiral hasta que llegaban a Estambul».

Sanjak-bey

El cargo de Sanjak-bey se parecía al de beylerbey en una escala más modesta. Al igual que el beylerbey, el sanjak-bey obtenía sus rentas de una prebenda, que consistía por lo general en los ingresos de las ciudades, muelles y puertos dentro de los límites de su sanjacado.

Al igual que el beylerbey, el sanjak-bey era también un jefe militar. El término sanjacado significa «bandera» o «estandarte» y, en tiempos de guerra, los soldados de caballería que sostenían los feudos de su sanjacado, se reunían bajo su bandera. Las tropas de cada sanjacado, bajo el mando de su propio gobernador, luego se reunían como un ejército y luchaban bajo la bandera del beylerbey del eyalato. De esta manera, la estructura de mando en el campo de batalla se parecía a la jerarquía del gobierno provincial. Dentro de su propio sanjacado, un gobernador era responsable, sobre todo, de mantener el orden y, con la cooperación de los titulares de los feudos, detener y castigar a los malhechores. Por ello, generalmente recibía la mitad de las multas impuestas a los malhechores, recibiendo la otra mitad el titular del feudo en cuyas tierras se hubiera cometido la fechoría. Los sanjak gobernadores también tenían otras funciones, como por ejemplo, la persecución de bandidos, la investigación de herejes, la provisión de suministros para el ejército o el envío de materiales para la construcción naval, cuando el sultán lo mandase.

Véase también
 Estados vasallos y tributarios del Imperio otomano
 Anexo:Territorios del Imperio otomano

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Map of Europe in year 1500 with the subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire
 WorldStatesmen Turkey; see also other present-day countries

Bibliografía
 Colin Imber. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650: The Structure of Power. (Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.)
 Halil Inalcik. The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600. Trans. Norman Itzkowitz and Colin Imber. (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1973.)
 Paul Robert Magocsi. Historical Atlas of Central Europe. (2nd ed.) Seattle, WA, USA: Univ. of Washington Press, 2002)
 Nouveau Larousse illustré, undated (early 20th century), passim (in French)
 Donald Edgar Pitcher. An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire. (Leiden, Netherlands: E.J.Brill,1972.) (Includes 36 color maps)
 Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte (in German) (includes maps)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Каменно-Балковское сельское поселение — муниципальное образование в Орловском районе Ростовской области.

Административный центр поселения — хутор Каменная Балка.

Административное устройство
В состав Каменно-Балковского сельского поселения входят:
 хутор Каменная Балка;
 хутор Греков;
 хутор Журавлёв;
 хутор Комарьков;
 хутор Красное Знамя;
 хутор Лагерный;
 хутор Малая Каменка;
 хутор Нижнеталовый;
 хутор Орден Ленина;
 хутор Троицкий.

Население

Примечания

См. также
 Административное деление Ростовской области
 Населённые пункты Ростовской области

Сельские поселения Ростовской области
Муниципальные образования Орловского района (Ростовская область)


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