Many people ask me about the benefits of 'Online' Learning. Coming from a vocational background, where my hands always led my head, and where my methods for training and developing the team were always based on 'doing', rather than theory. I have to confess to initially being adversed. After all, the world of Spa & Wellness is a 'People' business like no other, right!. So how could online learning ever replace physical and practical training?
Well, first let me eradicate one of the biggest 'myths'…as people often think to make a decision to progress with one, they have to forsake the other. But of course that's not true and really wouldn't make sense at all. Actually the ideal, and the route shown to generate the most consistent results is what we like to call a 'Blended Learning' approach. That means when and where practical, efficient and most effective we take the learning 'online', and where most relevant and beneficial we take it in to the classroom, or in to the treatment room, or onto the gym floor, behind the reception desk or through the offices – 'in' our business and face to face.
Once these three primary points have been defined. Then and only then, can we collaborate to create the most relevant, results focused and effective training programme or resources that deliver the physical results and essential return on investment.
When Coaching, before you can help anyone determine how to get where they want to go (B). You have to first truly understand where they are now (A). Once you know the 'A to B' it becomes much easier to assess and evaluate the possible routes available and to then select the most time efficient and cost effective options that deliver the greatest results.
So coming back specifically to the context of online learning, we often find once we have taken a moment and drilled down to establish the 'reality' of where our clients are in relation to where they want to be with a performance area of their business. We can work very swiftly to create a 'Blended Learning' outcome that is most relevant and right for them. This may see online learning being used a means to 'pre-prepare' the group for 'practical' classroom / onsite training. So as the practical training and efficiency of the trainer can be more effective from the offset. Varying levels of ability and understanding can dramatically decrease and dilute the effectiveness of classroom training.
As time is often a factor, online modules enable a larger group of individuals to be taken through a training that otherwise may have been unfeasible logistically or impossible financially.
Of course 'online learning' is itself often misunderstood. As some have ideas of bulk text on screen, pdf's, long boring tutorials or outdated, unrelated 'blanket' topics.
However, in today's rapidly advancing world of technological possibilities – the scope of what constitutes online learning and it's flexibility and diversity is unlimited. It can be as creative, engaging and encompassing as your imagination can conceive and know longer needs to be complicated or hindered by past misconceptions. Online learning can frequently combine elements of video, graphics, audio, gaming, imagery, text, interactions, downloads, quizzes, pop-ups, virtual reality, role play, Q&A, simulation and beyond.
We've seen phenomenal teaching dispelled in anything from a 6 second vine, a 3 minute flash tutorial, through to modules we've recently created and developed deliberately as ten minute modules, to be accessed by therapists in their 15minute gaps or 'learning' space. Right the way through to advanced accredited hundred plus hour programme drip fed over weeks, months and even sometimes years.
Just as we've seen and delivered effective face to face training from within a classroom, at a seminar, walking the treatment corridor, helping out behind the desk, morning meetings, learning lunches, mentoring management and being 'in and around' the business.
Remember, first comes defining the learning outcomes: Think: 'what do you want your team to be able to do better or differently? how will this look and feel within your business? Where are they now in relation?and when would you like / need to see the change?.
Then and only then can you look to create the most effective 'blended learning' solutions that deliver inline and on-track for you, your team and your business.
To learn more about Blended Learning contact Michelle directly.


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Румынская грекокатолическая церковь (, Румынская церковь, объединённая с Римом, ) — одна из восточнокатолических церквей, придерживающихся византийского обряда, то есть принадлежащая к числу грекокатолических церквей. Пять епархий церкви расположены на территории Румынии и одна — на территории США. Одна из четырёх восточнокатолических церквей, носящих статус Верховного Архиепископства.

История

После поражения турок в битве при Вене в 1683 году значительная часть ранее занимаемых ими территорий отошла к Австрийской державе, в том числе и Трансильвания. Император Австрии Леопольд I поддерживал идею унии православных румын Трансильвании с Римом. В 1700 году значительная часть трансильванских румын во главе с епископом Афанасием Ангелом вошли в полное общение со Святым Престолом. Греко-католики Трансильвании были объединены в две епархии и подчинены латинскому епископу венгерского города Эстергом. С 1737 года центром грекокатолической церкви Румынии стал город Блаж.

В 1744 году в Трансильвании вспыхнуло антиуниатское восстание, в итоге в 1759 году императрица Мария-Терезия разрешила создание в Трансильвании православной епархии, после чего более половины грекокатоликов вновь перешли в православие. Православная епархия входила в состав сербской Карловацкой митрополии и до 1810 года возглавлялась этническими сербами.

В 1853 году румынская грекокатолическая церковь была повышена в статусе до митрополии, которая объединяла четыре епархии.

После первой мировой войны Трансильвания была присоединена к Румынии, и территория грекокатолической митрополии распространилась на всю эту страну. К началу второй мировой войны в церковь входило более полутора миллионов человек.

После прихода к власти коммунистического режима церковь подверглась жестоким гонениям. В 1948 году она была юридически ликвидирована, а всё имущество передано Румынской православной церкви. Шесть епископов были арестованы, пять из них вскоре умерло в тюрьме, а шестой — Юлий Хосса умер в 1970 году в монастыре под домашним арестом. Уже после смерти Хоссы папа Павел VI объявил, что он был кардиналом in pectore. Церковь существовала только в подполье.

В 1982 году для румынских эмигрантов в США был сформирован апостольский экзархат, с 1987 года получивший статус епархии. После падения режима Чаушеску грекокатолики Румынии смогли выйти из подполья. В 1990 году папа Иоанн Павел II назначил предстоятелей пяти воссозданных епархий. Румынской грекокатолической церкви возникли конфликты с православными из-за принадлежавшей грекокатоликам до 1948 года собственности. 16 декабря 2005 года папа Бенедикт XVI предоставил церкви статус Верховного Архиепископства.

Современное состояние
Румынская католическая церковь имеет статус Верховного Архиепископства. Данные о численности прихожан крайне разнятся и служат предметом бурных дискуссий. Если по сведениям ватиканского Annuario Pontificio в 2016 году насчитывалось более 500 тысяч прихожан, то по переписи населения Румынии, проведённой в 2002 году, грекокатоликов было всего  человек. Большинство прихожан церкви сосредоточено в северо-западных регионах страны.

Верховное архиепископство состоит из архиепархии-митрополии Фэгэраша и Алба-Юлии и пяти суффраганных епархий — Оради, Лугожа, Клуж-Герлы, Марамуреша и образованной в 2014 году епархии Василия Великого с центром в Бухаресте. В США существует отдельная епархия румынских грекокатоликов — Епархия святого Георгия в Кантоне.

С 1994 года и по настоящее время церковь возглавляет кардинал Лучиан Мурешан, с 2005 года носящий титул Верховного архиепископа. Резиденция главы церкви находится в городе Блаж. Богослужение в церкви ведётся на румынском языке.

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт церкви (рум.)
 Р. Роберсон. Восточные христианские церкви
 Румынская католическая церковь
 Статистика церкви
 Статистика церкви

Католицизм в Румынии

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Home / Apple iOS / iPad / iPhone / iOS 6.0.1 update released: battery fixed released, what else?
iOS 6.0.1 update released: battery fixed released, what else?
Apple has just released its latest firmware 6.0.1 for its devices including iPhone 5, iPad 2,the new iPad… Etc.
It says in the updated page that the update fixes the problem of the devices updating application wirelessly over the air( using mobile data).
It is also rumored that the latest update fixes the battery issues relating to the previous version of iOS 6.0.
We will give a test soon.
iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus pre-orders got cancelled? Here's why!


You will find some advantages to using a oakland living tea rose wood and cast iron park bench on your rest room. One of them is it is resilient. Teak wood is popularly thought of one of many strongest hard woods. This really is but one among the absolute most preferred materials while in the boating industry. The main reason is the fact that the teak-wood isn't going to splinter or crack easily. If you own a cast iron park bench parts on the bathroom, you can expect it to continue for a lifetime.
On the flip side, the oakland living tea rose wood and cast iron park bench needs to become adjusted accordingly anything suits your posture, particularly when you are working. Furthermore, sitting down the benches with Pilates ball since the bottom can help you to perform the center work out invariably, without so much as trying. Howeverit could lead to a fatal injury if the chunk becomes deflated when you're sitting on it. So, in the event you really into this cast iron park bench seat just be sure to decide on the ball using burs- or puncture-resistant tag.
oakland living tea rose wood and cast iron park bench can be a type of benches normally utilized as an accentcolor. The majority of people don't utilize this as the main benches in the house because of its design is overly position outside to become put into an livingroom. As an alternative, lots of folks use tear-drop benches as an accent at the same corner within your house or as a complementary part onto your own patio. You can't utilize an cast iron park bench because the primary benches contemplating its elegance and size that is big. This benches is categorized to some swinging benches as the teardrop shaped framework is hanged to a inviting stage. Inside the frame, there's the mattress and couch that you take a seat and enjoy your leisure period.
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For all anyone of you who mean to purchase or own a oakland living tea rose wood and cast iron park bench at household, then you should consider the tips on selecting the subsequent Windsor benches. In the beginning, in that corner will your Windsor benches be set? The first strategies for deciding on cast iron park bench kit will be you need to pay attention to is always to specify the place or place of your house at which this type of benches is going to be inhabited? That is important as the sort of space together with eachother will know what type of Windsor benches is best suited. As an instance, in case you want to set a Windsor benches at the living room or living room, a Windsor benches having a smooth seat will be suitable to become installed . For colors and hues, you could opt for it as you desire.


I was heading out on my trip to Princess Louisa Inlet in early May, 2013 when they put me in the large locks with this guy.
Photos by Linda Evans (http://www.flickr.com/photos/lgevans/).
Top photo links to a bigger version.


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Brazosport Fine Arts Council Plans 2021-2022 Family Science Series
Brazosport Fine Arts Council is proud to present the 2021-2022 Family Science Series, with two programs slated for the fall and two in the spring. The idea behind the Family Science Series is to bring outside programs and performers to The Center to introduce science concepts in new, different and exciting ways. This year's lineup brings hands-on experiences, non-traditional pairings like space & theater and marine life & music, and cool chemistry on stage!
Watch our website and social media for information on tickets!
The schedule includes:
September 18: Bugs on Wheels: Amazing Arthropods
Live tarantulas, giant millipedes, docile hissing cockroaches, stunning walking sticks and much more will amaze audiences in "Bugs on Wheels: Amazing Arthropods", a hands-on, interactive presentation! Presenters from the Cockrell Butterfly Center at the Houston Museum of Natural Science will be bringing a selection of living insects and other arthropods to The Center. Attendees of all ages will have a rare opportunity to meet the most unusual members of the insect world while learning about their native habitats and unique adaptations for survival.
November 6: Apollo: To the Moon
Apollo: To the Moon is an exciting look at the breathtaking risks and unforgettable heroism of the American space program. Told through the lens of one young man's dream to become an astronaut, this thrilling one-man performance takes audiences on the journey that gripped the nation and gave space-lovers the courage to dream BIG!
March 5: The Aquarium: A Marine Micro Ballet
The Aquarium is a creation of Susan McDonald in which she combines original music with footage of wildlife, creating sublime live performances in which she is the "orchestra" and the animals are the "dancers." The subjects are live animals who seem to dance to her music, while in reality, Susan has composed her music to flow naturally with the movements of the animals. While a bit of creative editing is involved, the animals have given their approval by acting beautifully, humorously and even sometimes outrageously.
The Aquarium features the strange and funny occupants of a saltwater reef aquarium, with characters such as the cranky little Pom Pom Crab, the fabulously creative Decorator Crab and the bright red and very active Serpent Star.
April 9: Cool Chemistry on Stage!
Have a blast (literally!) witnessing demonstrations of combustion, color changes, and polymers, and watching the incredible effects of liquid nitrogen! This exciting presentation takes an in-depth look at chemical changes and states of matter, observing various types of reactions and the byproducts created.
From seeing a "stoplight" reaction and learning how luminol works to examining the special properties of lycopodium, the wonders of chemistry will amaze participants. Discover all the fascinating ways we use chemistry in our daily lives, as we show you how fireworks get their color, why diapers are so absorbent, and what makes a car go!
"The Lion in Winter" featured in The Facts
Brazosport Center Stages' upcoming production of "The Lion in Winter" opens this Friday and was featured in the Brazos Life section of The Facts today, January 19! Get the scoop
The Facts features new Brazosport Art League gallery exhibit by Mark Allan Cameron
The Facts featured "The Mind of the Colorist", Brazosport Art League's current gallery exhibit, on the front page of the Wednesday, January 19 edition. The story includes interviews with artist
Are you interested in learning more about The Center for Arts and Sciences?
Sign-Up for News & Events

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Mali Morris
© Chris Morphet
Mali Morris RA (b. 1945)
Tennant Gallery display
My studio life
Mali Morris was born in North Wales and studied Fine Art at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, BA (1963-68) and the University of Reading, MFA (1968–1970).
Her concentrated compositions engage the viewer in the contemplation of pure abstraction, in which colour relationships structure a luminosity that emanates, creating complex layers of space. They explore the language of painting, and its ever-changing expressive possibilities.
Her first major exhibitions were at the Serpentine Summer Show 3, London, 1977 and the Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, 1979. Since then she has held over 35 solo shows worldwide, and has been included in numerous group shows, at the Barbican, Hayward Gallery, Serpentine Gallery, Whitechapel Gallery, Walker Art Gallery Liverpool, Whitworth Gallery Manchester, Museum of Wales Cardiff, as well as a number overseas.
She has received awards from the Arts Council, British Council, DAIWA Anglo-Japanese Foundation, Elephant Trust, GLAA, The Lorne Award and the Sunny Dupree Family Award, Royal Academy Summer Exhibition 2009.
She has been a lecturer and examiner at many departments of Fine Art, and from 1991-2005 was Senior Lecturer in Painting at Chelsea College of Art, University of the Arts, London. She is an Artist-member of the charity A.P.T., Creekside, South London, where she has her studio, and is a Trustee of the charity Poetry London. In 2017 she was Visiting Artist at Vermont Studio Centre, USA.
Born: 1945 in Caernarfon, Wales, United Kingdom
Elected RA: 16 March 2010
Professor of Painting: 2019 -
Visit Mali Morris RA (b. 1945)'s website
Preferred media: Painting
Works by Mali Morris in the RA Collection
Mali Morris RA
North & South, 2010
Toussaint I, December 2014
Screenprint on thick wove paper
Toussaint II, December 2014
Screenprint on heavy wove paper
Toussaint III, December 2014
Toussaint IV, December 2014
Mali Morris RA: On Paper
Upcoming free display in The Tennant Gallery, Burlington House, opening 28 March 2019
With 23 works on paper from across the artist's career, this free display explores the vibrant and abstract paintings of Royal Academician Mali Morris.
Artists' studios forever
"In 1995, a group of us set up Art in Perpetuity Trust (APT) in order to provide studios for around 40 artists – in perpetuity. We're now in Deptford but previously we were in Greenwich for 20 years – it was idyllic and ramshackle, like the place that time forgot. I still live in the area, and I walk to the studio every morning across the Ha-Penny Footbridge over Deptford Creek."
© Eamonn McCabe
A creekside view
"My studio is on the second floor, and I have a small balcony overlooking the creek, which is tidal, always changing. I like keeping an eye on it. Ducks, swans, a heron and a kingfisher pass by."
"I usually have a lot of work in progress at any one time – they come in families, individual paintings that relate strongly to each other. I occasionally bring out earlier works, put them up and move them around and see how they inform each other. So there's not really a linear progression – it's more like a Möbius strip, a continuum."
"I use a variety of different tools, traditional artists' brushes, housepainting brushes, sponges…"
"…and these sponges on sticks…called diddlers."
"The local poundshop has useful stuff - buckets, scrapers, pots and so on, but I order paint from Golden, in the US, which is the best I've ever used."
Images and objects
"I have a lot of images and objects in this corner of the studio, things I've been given or collected over time. The yellow and red bowl was a present from my god-daughter Betty, and the plant is a Christmas Cactus that used to be in my parents' house in North Wales. After they died I brought it back here to London and it still flowers every year around this time. The pot it's in was my great-grandmother's."
"I don't do a lot of reading in the studio, but I have many of my art books here, for reference, and poetry books, which accumulate. The compression in poetry has parallels with painting, in terms of how language, ideas and feeling relate to each other. I also have my back-copies of Turps Banana here – a journal written by painters about painters. I've had a couple of pieces published by them, on artists I admire. "
"I love these blankets, two by the contemporary weaver Eleanor Pritchard who works a block away. The antique Welsh blanket on the left I bought on eBay recently. It is identical to one that my grandmother had when I stayed with her as a child."
"What I love about a painting is the way it becomes a world, another world that moves you and draws you in."
"These signs on the door are here to remind me to switch things off each day when I leave…they don't always work"
A painting offers another world to enter; essentially it is just inert stuff on a flat surface, but I love the way this visual language can come to life, opening up space and sensation...
Mali Morris RA, North & South, 2010.
Acrylic on canvas. 1975 x 2125 x 40 mm. Photo: RA © Access restricted.
Mali Morris RA, Dark Canopy, 2010.
Acrylic on canvas. 30 x 40 cm. (Private collection).
Mali Morris RA, Country Music, 2011.
Mali Morris RA, Lap, 1998-2000.
Acrylic on canvas. 40 x 50 cm.
Mali Morris RA, New Blue, 2013.
Mali Morris RA, Angel and People, 1979.
Acrylic on canvas. 180 x 171 cm. © Mali Morris. Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum of Wales..
Mali Morris RA, Part-song, 2017.
Acrylic on canvas. 168 x 192 cm. Image courtesy of the artist.
Mali Morris RA, Pearled and Pasted, 2016.
Acrylic on paper. 60 x 76 cm. Image courtesy of the artist..
Selected CV
Recent solo and two-person shows
2019 Mali Morris: On Paper, Tennant Gallery, Royal Academy, London
2018 John McLean & Mali Morris, Clifford Chance, London
2017 Pearled and Pasted, New Paintings, Fold Gallery, London
PIER, Mali Morris & Stephen Lewis, Linden Hall Studio, Deal
2014 Odelay & Wishpool, with Stephen Lewis, Kapil Jariwala, London
2012 Mali Morris: Paintings, Mostyn Gallery, Llandudno
Pressure Drop & Hoopla, with Stephen Lewis, Watchtower, Berwick upon Tweed
Mali Morris: Back to Front, Eagle Gallery, London
2010 Mali Morris: Paintings, The Cut Gallery, Halesworth, Suffolk
Mali Morris, Small Works, Royal Academy of Arts, London
2008 Mali Morris: New Paintings, Poussin Gallery, London
2005 and 2007: Robert Steele Gallery Project Room, New York
2005 Mali Morris: Work From Four Decades, Poussin Gallery, London
Mali Morris, Paintings, Omotesando Gallery, Tokyo
2004 Simon Hitchens and Mali Morris, j+ban, Spica Museum, Tokyo
2002 Mali Morris, Oriel Davies Gallery, Newtown
Mali Morris, Angel Row Gallery, Nottingham
2000 Alexis Harding and Mali Morris, Pumphouse Gallery, London
Mali Morris, Gallery Saoh, Tokyo
Recent group shows
2019 Harder Edge, Saatchi Gallery, London
Carry On, Fold Gallery, London
Kip Gresham in Collaboration, Downing College, Cambridge
'point of view 2019', in association with Hay Festival, Hay on Wye
2018 Women Can't Paint, Turps Gallery, London
Proof Positive, Gibberd Gallery, Harlow
touch, Candida Stevens Gallery, Chichester
+ One, APT Gallery, London
2017 Cabbages and Kings, Maddox Arts, London
Contemporary Abstract Prints, Clifford Chance, London
Touchstone, APT Gallery, London
Creekside Eleven, Zillah Bell Gallery, Thirsk (curator)
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Future, Brodrick Gallery, Hull
Painting & Structure, The Kennington Residency, London
Nine Painters, Syson Gallery, Nottingham
Fully Awake, blip blip blip Gallery, Leeds
Counterpoints, Eagle Gallery, London
Women Artists: Power and Presence, University of Chichester
Steal the Show, Glasgow Open House Festival
Abstract, Paper Gallery, Manchester
The Surface of Things, New Adelphi Gallery, University of Salford
2016 Modern Mirror, Bread and Jam IV, London
Cuts, Shapes, Scrapes and Breaks, Seventeen, London
We Are The Dead, Kirk Hopper Fine Art, Dallas, Texas
Juxtaposition, Zilla Bell Gallery, Thirsk, Yorkshire
Turn the Colour Down!, Turps Gallery, London
Tim Sayer Bequest, The Hepworth, Wakefield
Kaleidoscope, Fold Gallery, London
2016 – present Summer Exhibition, Royal Academy, London
British Council Collection
Chelsea & Westminster Hospital
Contemporary Art Society, London
Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge
Government Art Collection, London
Guildford House Gallery, Guildford
Imperial Health Charity, London
Ipswich Borough Council Collection
The Kasser Mochary Foundation, Montclair
London Borough of Hounslow
Marsh Collection, London
National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone
National Museum Wales, Cardiff
New Hall Art Collection, University of Cambridge
Pallant House, Chichester
Royal Academy of Arts, London
Stanhope Properties plc
Stewarts, London
Triangle Workshop Collection, New York
University of Lethbridge Art Gallery
University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Whitworth Art Gallery, Manchester
Art Sales at the RA
In her compositions Mali Morris RA explores layering and covering, creating tension and multiple spaces. Her carefully composed paintings often feature varying brush strokes and shapes that are then 'buried' in different ways. In this vibrant, printed image, Morris uses sweeping strokes and painted spots to create different levels within the work with some areas receding and some floating above the tangerine background.
To dynamic effect, Mali Morris RA translates her painterly preoccupations with colour, light and space – and how these relate to experience – into the very different medium of screenprint. These prints are available to buy through Art Sales at the RA.
Bridge is a limited edition silkscreen, made with the master printer Kip Gresham. It explores a constantly shifting dynamic of space, built through colour, layering, and a process of many over-printings. The image eventually arrived at, discovered rather than designed, is direct, complex, and strongly luminous.
Mali Morris RA Top picks from the Collection
Currently on show in the RA's Collections Gallery cabinet is a selection of works from our collection, curated by Mali Morris RA. Here, the abstract painter and Royal Academician talks us through some of the works she's chosen for the display.
< 2 years ago
"Immensely courageous": a tribute to Gillian Ayres RA
Friends and colleagues remember the exceptional life and career of the painter Gillian Ayres RA, who passed away on 11 April 2018 aged 88.
> 3 years ago
Six Academicians on the Abstract Expressionists
The power and complexity of Abstract Expressionist art lies in the diverse sensibilities of its artists. Here six Royal Academicians respond to some of the movement's greatest painters.
Why EBacc must not exclude the arts
The English Baccalaureate currently excludes arts subjects from compulsory study. As plans go ahead for a parliamentary debate on 4 July, our artists and architects ask for your support in keeping creative subjects at the heart of education.
Our pick of this week's art events: 24 – 30 July
From the exuberant paintings of the late Albert Irvin RA to the Alice Anderson's series of objects mummified entirely in copper thread, we guide you through the week's top art events.
Parades and processions: The Lord Mayor's Show
The Lord Mayor's Show has been taking over the streets of London for nearly 800 years, and features a parade of over 6000 people. This year, the RA's Learning Team were delighted to be part of that tradition.
Our pick this week's art events: 4 - 10 July
From a showcase of Mayfair galleries to the blurred lines of painting and photography by Gerhard Richter and Sigmar Polke.
Cutting it fine
As Tate Modern mounts a major show of Matisse's cut-outs, painter Mali Morris RA pays tribute to the artist's directness, inventiveness and exuberance
Out to lunch with Mali Morris RA
Redefining the best of British cuisine with the Academician, who herself is as a conjuror in the world of colour.
Associated archives
Item RAA/PRE/5/2/470
Mali Morris RA, general release
Notice of election of new academicians, Tess Jaray, Mali Morris and Alan Stanton


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politika.lv
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Sed sit amet auctor est 0 13.03.2012. Autors:Vārds Uzvārds
International Peace and Security: The Role of Small Countries in a Changing UN
Atis Lejiņš
Director of Latvian Institute of International Affairs
Can small states be influential in the UN through a regional Nordic-Baltic framework and the EU? Diplomats and policy analysts from Latvia, Sweeden and Norway address this issue during panel discussion organized by UNDP Latvia.*.
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Foto:N. Mežiņš
Atis Lejiņš, Director of Latvian Institute of International Affairs: My wish would be to come down to concrete situations just for the simple reason that in Latvia we don't have the luxury of just simply making theories. We have to survive. We want to catch up with our regional friends and neighbors. The question is, how do we influence the UN which is important for all of us? I suggested that it could only be done through the EU. So through a regional organization is how small nations can influence the UN. That's the question for the floor. How do we, through the EU, influence the UN?
Ilgvars Kļava, Under Secretary of State (Political Director), Second Political Directorate: Definitely we have learned from those bitter lessons of the past. That's why we joined the EU and NATO. That's why we stand for a strong transatlantic relationship. And the UN is indeed one of the foreign policy instruments, an important one no doubt, but it is one of many. Latvia acts through a number of international instruments, but the point is that we don't create a religion there. The religion would be the assumption that the UN can save us and give 100% bulletproof insurance in all cases and all risk scenarios. That is simply not true. We can name a number of examples where it has not been true.
There is an additional thing, of course. Somebody had to do the "dirty job." The UN is not always available or able to do the dirty job. We will have very difficult situations also in the future. It is not just Iraq. It is not just the Balkans where you have to use military force. There will be other difficult situations we will have to face such as what is happening with Iran's nuclear programme and how effectively it can be solved or tackled. Those are the big challenges. We cannot solve them with one instrument, the UN, even if we have an excellent charter and so on.
Coming to the question of how we can influence UN policy through EU, I am tempted to say that we can push through, adopt or pass decisions in the EU more easily because the number of countries is small and it encompasses one region so there are some common values and common history at least to some extent. This is not to say that I disregard or neglect what the UN can do within the framework of 192 countries.
Ambassador Hans Corell (Sweden), former Under-Secretary General for Legal Affairs and Legal General Counsel of the United Nations:
I know the organization from inside and out for ten years. I am concerned when I hear that the UN is treated just like anything. Because it isn't. And the question is whether states realize what they were given in the Charter and how important it is to defend the ideas that the Charter stands for. Surely, one should act, and I think you did the right thing to join the EU and NATO. Not a question of that. But try to look a little bit at the horizon. Try to see that there will be major geopolitical shifts on the globe. We won't be here then, but our children or grandchildren will be.
Also, don't imagine that everything depends on arms. Rome did not fall because of arms. Rome fell for economic reasons. And I'll just explain the tremendous shift. In 45 years we will have the major economic activity - if these estimates by professionals are correct - shift towards India and Asia. As a matter of fact, I'm rather concerned as a Swede. If we can't afford to buy the fuel that we need to heat our houses because we can't generate enough income, then where are we going to live?
You are quite right when you say that the UN can't always do the dirty job. Butros Gali was extremely concerned about Yugoslavia, and he said afterwards that we need a striking force. In the UN you can't assemble companies or battalions from various countries because it doesn't work. You don't have the linguistics or logistics or the communications for that. You have to have either the US or NATO. Those are the ones who can perform these kinds of activities.
Why do we have Iraq? Why do we have the Coalition? Because the Charter was violated. The Secretary-General said very clearly that the attack against Iraq violated International Law. There was no clear mandate by the Security Council. Not that I am defending Saddam Hussein whom I have met. Not at all. I think good we've gotten rid of him, but it could have been done in other forms and with less bloodshed both for people in Iraq and for people coming in to assist the Coalition.
Mr. Lejiņš: We should talk about how in the EU and even in the Nordic-Baltic area we can influence the UN. And about how the Nordic-Baltic area can the influence the EU precisely because of the changing security landscape among other reasons. America will no longer be the leading economic power. The think tanks have been going on about this now for seven or eight months. In 2050 the leading power will be China, the second one will be India, the third will be the US and the fourth will be the EU. Maybe the EU. Maybe others.
But that's precisely the point. How do we strengthen the EU in the UN? That's the point because there will always be nation-states influencing the UN, and small nations can only work through a regional framework. Can anybody argue against that? We cannot build up a supra-international organization of nations. We are even failing in the EU. Look at what happened to the Constitutional Treaty. We are back to the nation-state. We are back to the world of realpolitik. We are afraid of the old world coming back.
Mr. Kļava: We can only speculate how the situation in the world will change in the forthcoming 20-25 years. One can assume that China will get more deeply involved in world affairs and in world economic processes. We are seeing signs now clearly of how they strive for tapping into oil fields in different regions around the world. So they will become more and more profoundly interested in keeping world affairs in order because from that will depend their economic success and their markets and things like that. The question is what kind of order that will be. The preferable case would be if they would do that using the UN mechanism and using their influence there.
Ambassador Nils Olav Stava, (Norway): Mr. Lejins, you used the word realpolitik, and I think a lot of the discussion here is about what is realistic and what is good in an almost moral way. Altruistic motivation, I think, is a very unreliable basis. I think for most of what we are doing, even in the UN, we see to be in our interest not to be altruistic. In the long run only self-interest is a realistic basis, I think.
Peter Wille, Deputy Director General, Department for Global Affairs, Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
I hesitate somewhat to say what the EU could do to influence the UN, but I want to make one comment. That is that the EU speaks with one voice in most of the UN meetings. That is, of course, on one hand, an enormous strength that so many countries can speak with one voice, and they add a lot of weight to that voice. On the other hand, I think the EU countries spend too much time and efforts to reach a position where they can speak with one voice. Maybe it would sometimes be better if they can go out there and speak with 25 voices and participate more actively in negotiations. I remember one example. During a UN conference, the chair from Iran asked a big audience to have some views on two proposals. The EU chairmanship, Norway and Canada spoke up for one alternative. Iran, Cuba, China, Syria and some others spoke for the other alternative. And the Iranian chair said "I have three speakers in favor of this proposal and ten speakers in favor of the other. There is no doubt where we should go."
Two small comments on how small countries can influence the UN. I think that we small countries have some comparative advantages in the UN not least when it comes to the fact that we very rarely are accused of having a hidden agenda. We are not a threat to anyone. And that makes the possibility for some of the small countries to take initiatives that big countries could never do. For example, if the US has a concern about something going on in another country it is very difficult for the US to take an initiative because they will always be accused of having a hidden agenda. Norway has very often taken initiatives. We can take initiatives that would be extremely controversial if they came from a big power.
Another thing is personalities. I think that small countries have time and again shown that through personalities they reach a lot. They can play an important role in governing bodies in the UN. I think that the most active chair in the human rights commission of the UN over the last 10 years was the Irish chair.
Anders Wallberg, Deputy Director, Department for Global Security, Head of Section for Conflict Management and General UN Policy Affairs, Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs:
Picking up on a few of the comments made. The question of altruism vis-à-vis self-interest. I would place myself somewhere in the middle or rather towards the self-interest but with a slight modification. I would put it "enlightened self-interest."
As regarding the voice of the EU and its coordination, I think a lot of Swedes were skeptical before Sweden joined the EU in 1995 and asked themselves if a country of 8 million could have an impact on this big union of 350 million which it was at the time. All of us who have worked with the EU in different working groups and participated in meetings of the council are stuck by how much of a difference even a small country can make if it has well substantiated arguments. That's the lesson I think we learned. It's not perhaps so much about whether you are a big country. It is very often whether your arguments are well thought through.
Mr. Corell: I am concerned to hear the argument that if the UN can't intervene because the Security Council can't pull its act together, then should a regional organisation not be allowed to take up arms and do things? This is extremely dangerous.
Kosovo, yes, they did. An informed general public saw that thousands of people were coming out, refugees over the border and the UN Security Council didn't do anything, so NATO took initiative. You can come into situations where you have no other choice, but you should not dress that as an option in an ordinary discussion. Why? Because it undermines the most important element in the UN Charter, namely, the system of collective security.
I agree entirely that the UN shouldn't be dealing with a lot of things. But if you reduce the charter, if you would take away bit by bit, there is one element that makes the charter really stand or fall in full. That is Chapter 7 and the authority of the Security Council to say "We decide that peace and security are threatened; we now take the following actions: a, b, c." In my view, the most important thing is to hold the council responsible. It was wrong in Kosovo not to force those states that threatened with vetoes to produce those vetoes. Maybe they wouldn't have. The Security Council should be forced to make a decision. There I see a major contribution by the EU in strengthening the collective security element in the UN and not being out there saying, "If you don't pick up the whatever bins, then we will do it." No.
Professor Juris Bojārs, Institute of International Affairs, University of Latvia:
I support you, your Excellency Corell, very much in this line because little countries have only to say if international law is observed in the world. If there are double standards – one standard for big countries and another standard for little countries – there will be no peace and order in the world. Never.
How is the world ruled? Still, the world is ruled by the same club of winners of the Second World War, which is totally wrong, because the world has totally changed. New, very strong players have come in. Between them small but very efficient nations like Ireland and the Baltic nations are coming up also. India is an upcoming very strong power. Still, it is not in the Security Council which is not just. India would counterbalance China in that region very well. China is arming itself very rapidly. What would happen if China comes up with the same concept as America in anticipating self-defense as the Americans did in Iraq?
Germany is still the loser of the Second World War. The biggest European economy is still in kind of a backward position. So to my mind, the UN should be reformed radically, the Security Council first of all. Maybe the EU should be given a position as a whole in the Security Council.
Mr. Lejiņš: Yes, but then can we take a decision here that the Nordics and the Baltics should pass a resolution in the EU that Great Britain and France give up their seats in the Security Council and give it to the EU? But who will be the one representing the EU?
Mr. Corell: The problem is that the UN is an intergovernmental organization. So you can't have an organization as a member of the UN.
Andreas Selliaas, Research fellow, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs:
I have a comment on this altruism thing. What I mean by altruism is that we should put efforts into solving problems in all the parts of the world that do not directly affect us.
Of course, there is a self-interest in that as well.
A comment on the question of how we can influence the UN. When we look at peacekeeping, we clearly see that small states provide personnel and troops to institutions that they want to influence. Iraq to impress or influence the US. The Balkans and Afghanistan to impress or influence NATO. So if small states want to impress or influence the UN and make the UN an efficient peacekeeper, they should put more effort into providing the UN with troops, military observers and things like that. That is one answer to your question.
Mr. Lejiņš: If we provide troops to the EU and NATO, what is there left to give the UN? Isn't it more bang-for-the-buck giving troops to NATO and the EU and having more influence there, than giving a few troops to the UN?
Mr. Selliaas: Of course, you can influence the UN by putting efforts into the EU if it's a UN-mandated operation, for instance.
Zaneta Ozoliņa: I think that we are applying here very dangerous language: Either/Or. We would like to exclude the UN from certain areas or to give more power to NATO or the EU. I think that all founders of those institutions didn't have this Either/Or thinking, but they had a complementary type of thinking. All institutions that are in place have certain goals to be achieved and instruments that are at their disposal. Whether we like it or not, the UN is the only global institution. We can criticize how comprehensive it is or what is missing on the agenda, but no other body will make this global agenda anyway. Here, I see the big potential of the UN. Here is also the potential for small countries because all countries that are members of the UN can contribute to this debate.
But I think what we are missing in this debate, and it is not only us but also all who are concerned about the future of the UN, is the law enforcement issue. Nobody doubts the efficiency of the UN Charter, but this is a question of how to enforce, and it is not so easy to answer.
Mr. Klava: We have to bear in mind one detail. When the UN was created, it was the only international organisation. There was no NATO, no EU. Since then, many more actors have appeared on the world stage, and that has had an impact on how the whole thing is functioning.
Mr. Corell: The more I read the Charter, the more impressed I am by those who drafted it because they foresaw this situation. There's a whole chapter on regional organisations of which the EU is one. The Charter says they are welcome, and that they can do whatever they like as long as it is within the principles and purposes of the Charter with one exception: Article 53 of the Charter - They may not use force unless they are authorized by the Security Council.
I, for one, am a great friend of regional organisations. The UN simply can't do everything. It would be overwhelming, and it wouldn't be efficient. But don't overlook what we have. Don't underestimate the fact that we have a body now of 15 member states, the Security Council, who can meet within an hour or two if something happens somewhere in the world. When the council meets, they have their instructions from capitals and they may vote differently, but they are friends. And furthermore, behind that ambassador sitting on the council is a tremendously powerful communications instrument. Imagine that capitals should start phoning other capitals if something happens somewhere in the world. So the body's existence contributes tremendously to peace and security in the world. We don't know what there would be without it. Regarding the last question on law enforcement, this is the classical problem in international law because we don't have a bailiff to enforce the law. We have to rely on the states themselves. This problem will never go away. I don't think one can create enforcement. That is why I think that ultimately when it comes to respect for the law and when you have a very powerful state, the only remedy is statesmanship.
Mr. Lejiņš: Can we look at two concrete cases? The UN, EU and small states. Two years ago we had EU operation in the Congo. It was what we now call peacemaking. Not war but peacemaking. You kill other people, and you have peace. But why did the EU have to go in? Because the UN failed. The UN then came in later on. They couldn't do any peacemaking. They could only do peacekeeping.
The other one is the much bigger question of Afghanistan. The coalition of the willing soon realized that they could not do it. In the end it had to be NATO. Without NATO, you would not have ISEF which is now basically providing security to Afghanistan.
How do we, as small states in the EU and the UN, affect the successful outcome of these two important operations?
Mr. Corell: It seems that you are criticizing the UN for not doing the job. It is very important to recognize that the UN can't do more than what the member states put at its disposal. I remember I took up office on the 6th of March 1994. One month later, Habyarimana's plane went down in Kigali, and Butros Gali was there praying for 3,500 paratroopers that would have stopped the genocide. He wasn't given the resources. Then we have the Yugoslav experience also where he said we couldn't have UN troops gathered to do major operations because they are too vulnerable. So as long as, for example, ISEF is in Afghanistan with a UN mandate and other operations too, I see no problem at all. We should be thankful that there are organizations like NATO and others who can produce these troops to do the dirty job as Ilgvars Klava said earlier. But still I consider it within the framework on the UN.
Mr. Wallberg: I would like to touch briefly on the question of participation in peacekeeping operations. I know that there has been a lot of criticism of western countries for only participating in northern conflicts. I think that there is some validity in that criticism. I think it is important that advanced industrialised nations participate in peacekeeping operations in Africa. Personally, I'm very pleased that Sweden is participating in Liberia. We have some 250 troops, and Ireland actually has twice that number. One should not underestimate the psychological effect it has when western countries do not leave them only to contributors from third world countries. There's also a certain element of capacity building.
Mr. Lejiņš: Can I be a little bit more of a devil's advocate here? What about the near abroad? When the OSCE border-monitoring mission collapsed in Georgia, and Georgia as you know is next to Chechnya, the idea was for some of the new EU member states to send an EU border-monitoring mission. It collapsed. It was too close to Russia. There you are. It is easier to send 250 troops to Liberia than to a country that is in your neighborhood. And remember how it was in Kosovo. If NATO hadn't started bombing Milosevic and Serbia, the UN could not have. The Russians were against it. What would have happened in Kosovo? The same thing as in Bosnia-Herzegovina where 200,000 people were wiped out. That's Europe!
By the way, one of my most shameful moments was when I was sitting at a table at a conference with a representative from Kenya. It was about peacekeeping. And I said "Why are you here?" And he said "I am just looking at how you Europeans have been killing each other in Europe and comparing experiences with us Africans." I had nothing to say afterwards. So they killed everybody in Rwanda while we killed 200,000 people in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and it would have happened in Kosovo. NATO came in without a UN mandate and stopped it. Maybe there are times when you have to do it without a UN mandate precisely because in the Security Council there is a veto-using culture.
Mr. Corell: Don't forget that when UN operations are set up, if they come from poor countries in Africa or Asia, they provide the troops but they don't have the equipment. So one major step here is to train the troops. Whilst if you take NATO, they can go in with a striking force from moment one. That's why I think that countries like Latvia who may have better resources can go in with readily equipped troops and start working immediately. These quick reaction forces could be used regionally or by the UN. It doesn't matter as long as the Security Council is on board.
There is a limit to what the UN can do. These questions were discussed after the failures in Kosovo and Rwanda. I refer to the so-called Brahimi Report, A/55/3O5. In Kosovo and East Timor, the UN actually governed the provinces. This was a tough job. I think this is as much as the UN can do by being responsible for law and order in the country. If you go above that, then the UN simply can't master that.
In Iraq, of course, people thought the UN should administer Iraq. There is no way one can administer a country like that without a major army at your disposal.
This means that if we are faced with this question, we have to sit down very carefully, see who is best placed to do what. The Security Council should be there to say "If we are not going to do this directly, we have to authorize it in some way."
Mr. Lejiņš: Could I just add a caveat? And if we cannot authorize it, because of the veto culture, then we let NATO or the EU do it.
Mr. Corell: When the necessity is there, then you may have no other choice. But don't let the Council off the hook.
Mr. Selliaas: I have a comment on the referred UN failures in the Balkans and in the Caucasus. I would ask the question: what are the lessons learned from this? Should we put more money into the UN or should we not?
Mr. Willie: Maybe yes, but perhaps in a different way. I think that it is very important or it is crucial for the UN to have more predictability in the funding. I think Jan Egeland came out in the media recently saying that he compared the handling of the natural disasters and the UN preparedness with the local fire brigades. He said "Could you imagine if the local fire service would have to apply to the municipality before they could turn on the water?" I think that is very well put. There is a proposal in the UN to create a reserve fund. We think that it is a very good idea to have this central emergency reserve fund which would enable the UN to be better prepared to go in very quickly in natural disasters.
Mr. Lejiņš: In the age of global warming, I think that there will be more and more natural disasters, and here the UN really could show its worth through this.
Ms. Gunn Roset, 1st secretary, Norwegian Embassy: I think that we had a somewhat fatalistic approach today that the UN has maybe failed on some occasions and the EU, NATO and other organizations might go alone. That's why we need UN reform. I think that the whole idea of peacekeeping/peace building operations is one of the crucial elements in the reform package and provides the background for establishing this peace building commission. So I would like to ask the participants in the panel what we, as small countries, can do alone or together to provide the UN with the necessary tools?
Mr. Kļava: We have to keep working with individual countries to find a way to reform the UN. That's how I see the only way we can influence it all, and that's what we are doing.
There was a question about putting money into the UN and UN failures in particular geographic areas. First of all, who failed? Again, it is not the UN per se. It reflects only that the member states or major players in the UN didn't see the UN as a major channel in that particular situation and the choice fell on some other tools.
Mr. Lejiņš: If we put too high hopes and say that's the only panacea, then there will be huge disappointments if the reforms are not carried out. But if we have a realistic point of view, we can remember that there are limits to what the UN can do. There can be a division of labor in the world. There is the EU or NATO that can do the job better. Talking about the new security landscape, ASEAN - the Association for Southeast Asian Nations - is developing economic cooperation extremely rapidly these days. Who is to say that those 9 or 10 states will not form the EU of Asia? There is no one to say that they cannot have a NATO there either.
So we don't have to see the world only through EU and NATO eyes. There are other countries emerging. They will have their organisations and, somehow, you will have to have a combination between the East and the West. And that will be the United Nations, right?
Let us give the last word to the United Nations.
Inita Pauloviča, Head of UNDP Latvia:
It is not so often in Latvia that we discuss these kinds of global issues together not only with Latvians but also with the international community. The UN 60th Anniversary has brought us to this idea. I think there were three major issues what we touched upon in this conference.
One issue is UN reform and the role of small nations in UN reform. I really like this idea that there are no small nations, but instead the issue is whether we have enough willingness to change something and influence.
Another issue was the role of small countries. I think this is something that Latvian politicians and Latvian civil society have to think about. Sometimes Latvians tend to think that we are small, poor, incompetent, and non-influential. Somehow, we have to turn it around. We have to see that we have a few people who are excellent in one area, others who are excellent in another area, and whole capacity in other areas. I think this is something that Latvians have to become more proud about: what we know and what we can do. I would like to ask our Nordic colleagues to encourage Latvian politicians, the Latvian government and Latvian people to be more active and to take more initiative in the international arena.
The third issue was peacemaking and peacekeeping. As head of UNDP, I would like to say that it is just one small part of the whole development picture. It is very important to understand that you can send troops and you can solve the crisis but you have to think about the development agenda. I think what we have to do, especially in Latvia, is look to the global development agenda and the global development challenges for the whole world and to define where is our comparative advantage, where is our capacity to influence this development agenda and how can we move on it.
* The discussion is published in a shortened version. The discussion took place in Riga, October 28, 2005. It was organized by UNDP Latvia in cooperation with embassies of Norway and Sweden in Latvia.
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Some Americans believe that every US Supreme Court justice has possessed a long and dignified career as a judge prior to the Supreme Court, however this is far from true. "The great Chief Justice" John Marshall joined the court in 1801 with no experience as a judge. Of course this has also occurred in modern times with Elena Kagan, an Associate Justice who joined in August of 2010. Other notable justices without prior judicial experience include Earl Warren, William Rehnquist, Felix Frankfurter, and Louis Brandeis. There are both advantages and disadvantages to having a non-judge serve as a justice, just as there are for experienced judges. Each viewpoint is explained in detail below.
A US Supreme Court justice should have excellent perspective. Many Americans feel that those who have been judges for a long time may have lost some of this. They believe judges do not understand what it is like to be an average American, and in certain cases, this definitely holds true. Someone who has not been a judge may be more on par with the average American. They may truly understand how these laws affect those on Main Street.
Just because someone is not a judge does not mean that they cannot be extremely familiar with the law. They may have been lawyers and worked within the law every day of their long and illustrious careers. They may have played other roles within the judicial system. Decision-making occurs in a number of different fields, and just because they never served as a judge does not mean that they cannot have a lot of experience making significant choices.
Above all, most Americans want a US Supreme Court justice who is fair in judgment. Whether or not a candidate has been a judge is irrelevant to whether they can make the right decisions. They are supposed to champion the law and Constitution to the best of their ability, and there is no reason why a non-judge cannot do so.
There are fewer people from whom to choose to nominate if you limit the choices to established judges. When one considers every skilled and intelligent person with relevant experience for the job of US Supreme Court justice, he or she will have a much broader choice. You may otherwise disqualify someone who could be an amazing justice.
The law is a complex beast. It contains many nuances, and a US Supreme Court justice must know it intimately. They must know about many prior cases as many decisions will be based upon them. A seasoned judge may be more familiar with the law.
The running of a court is also a complicated process, especially the Supreme Court. A judge may be more familiar with this process.
Even if the person has the ability to be a great US Supreme Court justice, many Americans will not believe so because of his or her lack of experience. It may divide opinions on the candidate and make it more difficult for them to be appointed.
A position as a US Supreme Court justice is not considered to be an entry level position, to say the least. It is fast-paced and absolutely vital, with these few individuals making decisions that will affect millions. It can be a mighty task, even for someone with a great amount of judicial experience. Someone without such experience may find the job too much to handle.
There have been many great US Supreme Court justices without prior judicial experience. Such an occurrence includes both advantages and disadvantages. With or without the experience, the right person can make America a better place.


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Soon-to-be governor Kathy Hochul
Someone from outside of New York State asked me what I thought of soon-to-be New York State Governor Kathy Hochul. The answer is that I had hardly thought of her at all. In fact, a month ago, if someone had shown me an unlabeled picture of her, it's only about 50/50 that I would have been able to identify her.
This is a good thing, actually. She wasn't tied at the hip to Andrew Cuomo, and has, so far, said the right things about cleaning house.
Daily Kos notes: "Hochul will be New York's first governor from the Buffalo area since none other than Democrat Grover Cleveland, who won the top job in 1882 after a short stint as mayor. She's also the first bona fide Upstate resident to hold the post since Republican Nathan Miller of Cortland County left office in 1922."
From Buffalo to Albany
This upstate/downstate issue has been an issue in the state since approximately forever. Heck, where upstate begins – Poughkeepsie, maybe – is subject to debate. (And that doesn't even count the people who've decided that Buffalo's actually in the Midwest US because it's closer to Detroit, Mi (255 miles/411 km) than New York City (374 miles/601 km).
Daily Kos: "As distant as her geographic roots are from the Queens-born Cuomo's, so too does her personal style differ. As Roll Call's Jim Saska puts it, 'Where Cuomo was feared, Hochul is beloved; where Cuomo had judged, Hochul has empathized.'"
Her relatively conservative record when running for Congress a decade ago became a liability when running for lieutenant governor. She was primaried twice and did less well in her primaries than Cuomo did in his. I voted for her opponents both times. I picked in 2014 legal scholar Tim Wu, who lost 60-40, and in 2018, low-profile New York City Councilman Jumaane Williams, lost by only a 53-47 margin. So since I've not voted for Cuomo in 2014 or 2018, I've never voted for her.
Still, I'm very willing to give her a chance. After Andrew, she'll be a refreshing change. She says she's running for governor next year, and she absolutely had to announce that. If she didn't, she'd be an instant lame duck. It'll be a contentious primary in June 2022.
From the Times Union: "She has led Cuomo's 10 regional economic development councils, chaired a task force on heroin and opioid abuse and addiction, and led the governor's 'Enough is Enough' campaign to combat sexual assault on college campuses. She is married to William Hochul, the former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of New York, who is now in private practice. They are the parents of two children."
The history community is excited to see her in the new job. As IHARE notes: "The incoming Governor is far better qualified… I say this not because she has a background in such history but because of her training in office. For the past few years, she has held what is routinely regarded as a 'ceremonial' position. As such she has spent a lot of time outside of Albany traveling to a multitude of local events. These events from time to time include history sites and conferences.
I wish Kathy Hochul good luck as the state's first female governor.
Author RogerPosted on August 23, 2021 August 18, 2021 Categories UncategorizedTags Andrew Cuomo, elections, governor, Kathy Hochul, New York State, Politics2 Comments on Soon-to-be governor Kathy Hochul


One of the best stackers you can get! With a 16' stinger lift you can put a full sized door car up top and have plenty of room in the attic and plenty of floor space below for your other vehicles! The wheels are 16" for good lucks and heavy duty use. Electric jack for loading and hooking up to your motorhome/truck. Full spare is included with this trailer including L shaped upper and lower cabinets! There is a dragster set up for your D rings that can be used for any car! Rubber coin flooring all through the trailer including the attic.


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Batman: Arkham Origins- Debut trailer and PS3 boxart breaks free
The full trailer for Batman: Arkham Origins has been released by Warner Montreal. View it below. Contrary to earlier reports that Kevin Conroy was doing the voice-over for Batman, it has been confirmed that it is being done by Roger Craig Smith of Assassin's Creed 2 fame. Kevin Conroy is a part of the voice-over … Read more
Batman: Arkham Origins- Kevin Conroy to continue voicing Batman
Kevin Conroy has announced his return as the voice actor for Caped Crusader in Batman: Arkham Origins. The announcement was made during the Dallas comic con by Conroy himself. View the video below in which he makes the announcement. The video is a rather long one, about fifty minutes long; but fans of Batman do … Read more
Batman: Arkham Origins- New teaser released
A new teaser has been released for the upcoming Batman: Arkham Origins. The short teaser is constructed like a prologue to the full trailer that is to be released on May 20. The teaser shows Batman fighting with Deathstroke. Batman: Arkham Origins is slated to release on October 25 for PC, PS3, Wii U, and … Read more
Batman: Arkham Origins- New Screenshots Released
A new set of screenshots has been released for the upcoming Batman: Arkham Origins. Developed by Warner Bros., the game is a sequel to Batman: Arkham City, which was released in 2011. The storyline of the game is set much before the 2009 Batman: Arkham Asylum, a time when Batman was a relatively new crime … Read more
Batman: Arkham Origins might feature multi-play…
If a source close to Kotaku is to be believed, Batman: Arkham Origins is going to be the first in the series to contain a multiplayer mode. In the multiplayer mode players will be able to battle Batman and Robin by stepping into the shoes of villains who will be either from Joker's or Bane's … Read more
Batman: Arkham Origins Announced
Warner Bros. has finally announced the next chapter in Batman: Arkham series. The new Batman is apparently takes place several years before the existing of Arkham titles. The story will revolve around of a younger Batman. He will encounter many familiar villains for the first time and develop relationships with them. The new Batman will be known as Batman: Arkham Origins … Read more


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K, Sherry. (1993). The study of Patterns of Child Rearing Practices of Employed and Household Mothers in relation to the Academic Attainment of their children. Unpublished. Ph.D., Psychology of Education. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra.
The objectives of the study were: (1) To study and compare Child Rearing Practices (CRP) scores of employed and household mothers. (2) To study and compare the CRP scores of employed and household mothers having different educational levels. (3) To compare the CRP scores of employed and household mothers. (4) To study the variance between CRP scores both for employed and household mothers. (5) To study the relationship between the CRP scores and employed and household mothers of different educational levels and academic attainment of their children.
The hypotheses of the study were: (1) There is significant difference between CRP scores of employed and household mothers. (2) There is significant difference between CRP scores of university educated employed (UE) and university educated household mothers. (3) There is significant difference between CRP scores of higher secondary educated employed and higher secondary educated household mothers. (4) There is significant difference between CRP scores of primary educated (PE) employed and primary educated household mothers. (5) There is significant relationship between CRP of UE employed mothers and academic attainment of their children. (6) There is significant relationship between CRP of primary educated mothers and academic attainment of their children. (7) There is significant relationship between CRP of primary educated employed mothers and academic attainment of their children. (8) There is significant relationship between university educated houseful mothers and academic attainment of their children. (9) There is significant relationship between higher secondary educated mothers and academic attainment of their children. (10) There is significant relationship between primary educated household mothers and academic attainment of their children. (11) There is significant variance between the CRP scores of employed mothers having different educational levels. (12) There is significant variance between the CRP scores of household mother having different educational levels.
Sample comprised 540 mothers. Random sampling technique was used.
Tools used were CRP Questionnaire by Goswami. Marks of final examination of the children were taken as academic attainments scores.
The present study was descriptive in nature. Data were analyzed with the help of t-test and correlation.
The findings of the study were: (1) The CRP scores between employed and household mothers did not differ significantly. (2) The CRP scores of university educated employed mothers and CRP scores of uneducated household mothers did not differ significantly. (3) The CRP scores of High school Educated (Employed) mothers and High school Educated (House hold) and scores of Primary Educated (Employed) and Primary Educated (House hold) mothers do not show significant difference but are similar. (4) The CRP scores of University Educated (Employed), University Educated (House hold) mother, High school Educated (Employed) mothers, High school Educated (House hold) mother separately do not any significant relationship to academic attainment percentage scores of there children but different to each other. (5) The CRP scores of Primary Educated (Employed) mothers and Primary Educated (House hold) mothers separately and academic attainments percentage scores of their children show significant relationship affecting each other. (6) The three independent group CRP scores of Primary Educated (Employed), High school Educated (Employed) and University Educated (Employed) mothers show significant variance between education based three independent sample scores. (7) The three independent group CRP scores of Primary Educated (House hold), High school Educated (House hold) and University Educated (House hold) mothers show significant variance between education based three independent sample scores.


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Category Archives: jessie white
>OP ED: Blago trumps critics with Burris appointment
>I am no fan of Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich (left in target). In making the appointment for the Obama senate seat, however, Blago has proven that his adversaries have a tiger by the tail.
In a demonstration of testicular virility, the Guv has shown his unabated authority to appoint a new senator. In doing so, he selected an African-American with a distinguished public service record unsullied by scandal — a person of impeccable credentials — Roland Burris (right)
(You may recall that in my December 15th blog, I suggested that Blago go ahead and appoint a senator — a person of impeccable reputation –as he is legally authorized to do. I proposed former school board honcho, George Munoz, but Blago was in the same spirit with the Burris appointment.)
Given the failure of the Illinois legislature to pass a special election bill, Blago had every right – maybe duty — to exercise his authority. Like it or not, he IS the governor. More importantly, he made a good choice.
Allowing the Governor to make the selection means we play by the rules. Though I am sure I would like a more conservative senator, I do not believe in gerry-rigging the rules for contemporary political convenience or advantage. The appointment of Burris is no effrontery to the electorate since they already rejected my opinion and gave the Senate seat to a black liberal Democrat.
In making his move, the Governor has befuddled his critics, however.
He gave the Republicans yet another opportunity to continue there largely irrelevant role as the "nattering nabobs of negativism" as they attempt to smear the reputations of Lt. Governor Patrick Quinn and now Roland Burris. The GOP wants to change the rules in favor of an expensive election only for the slim opportunity that they could somehow overcome their institutional ineptitude and actually win a statewide contest.
The appointment appears to have put Governor-in-Waiting Quinn over the edge. His near hysterical press conference made him look more like a deranged political assassin than the calm and responsible heir apparent. His constant reference to "what the people want" was both gratuitous and unsubstantiated. We govern by rules, not personal opinion.
Furthermore, Quinn's unqualified assertion that the Governor will be impeached and convicted by mid-February smacks of arrogance and does further disservice to the legislature's impeachment hearings by undermining any impression of fairness.
So crazed is the Democrat leadership that the otherwise level-headed Secretary of State Jesse White is opting to violate his oath of office, requiring that he uphold the law, by politically refusing to advance the necessary paperwork for the appointment.
The Illinois legislature, having botched a timely bill for a special election and now making the impeachment process look like a kangaroo court, is looking impotent in the face of the Governor's persistence in acting like he IS the Governor.
Then there is U.S. Senate President Harry Reid, refusing to seat any person appointed by Blago. How dare he! Who is he to say that the people of Illinois are not entitled to representation? Burris should be judged on HIS character and qualifications, not on the ethical lapses of the Governor.
And is Reid prepared to give away the only African-American seat in the entire United States Senate? Where does Obama come down on that one?
All of the aforementioned characters are being stampeded by a major media that is encourage this lynch mob mentality. The once condemned "guilt by association" is now the centerpiece of their campaign against Burris.
Collectively, Blagojevich's critics have done something virtually impossible. They have set off a wave of public sympathy for the Governor. The Governor has exercised his legal right. Roland Burris is an exemplary choice. We claim that the "rule of law" is pre-eminent. Let's prove it and send Burris to Washington.
By Larry Horist | Also posted in barack obama, harry reid, illinois politics, Illinois republicans, impeachment. Barack Obama, pat quinn, Rod Blagojevich, U.S. attorney, u.s. senate | Comments (0)


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Melbourne's Brighter Later are releasing their debut album early next year, but for now you can get a sneaky ear in with this impossibly gorgeous track 'The Woods'. The single hearkens back to a time before the Internet, when humans would pick berries in the forest and place them in wicker baskets carried by woodland animals wearing petticoats and suspenders. If you're into that, sweet deal. Check it out here.
If you're not into that, let Jaye Kranz, the spark behind Brighter Later, persuade you.
You've worked in radio, written fiction – you seemed to be getting your vagabond on in America for quite a while there. What made you want to commit to recording a full length album? Any specific turning points?
It's something I wanted to do for a long while, prior to forming Brighter Later. The songs were piling up too! I'd recorded some earlier tunes, but never released them. Ditto with Brighter Later. So it almost felt as if we'd done an EP already, even though no-one ever got to hear it. A full-length album felt like the next step – it's just that no-one else knew that, if you know what I mean.
There are too many turning-point moments to mention. But I remember one day, when I knew I wanted to start putting some songs down, I called up a guy who made his own pre-amps. I went to his place and we listened to all these pieces of gear. Then I spotted something else in his racks and ended up driving home with this beautiful old 60's Telefunken pre-amp that looked like it could've been some mysterious piece of equipment from an old German warplane. When I got home and plugged it in – and this sound still gets me – it made this beautiful, crackly 'whooshing' sound in my headphones as the valves warmed up. It was just a piece of recording gear, but I remember, it's like that sound ignited this whole part of my imagination and I couldn't wait to play with this thing to capture the songs.
What took you to new Orleans and what brought you back?
There? Music really. I had a feeling to sing for the first time, to go back to playing piano and also to immerse myself in and learn as much as I could about blues, rhythm & blues, gospel, jazz, and the music of the south. New Orleans was an obvious place to do that. I'd also been told the whereabouts of a spare key to a friend's unoccupied apartment there, so that helped bring the parts together! The place had an old white piano that used to stop making sound when the humidity got too high, which was fairly often. I grew to love that about it.
Eventually, it was just time to come home.
Seeing as it's the first time you've actually engineered music, how do you think that affected the finished product – or even the process?
I don't think the two can be separated. Firstly, if I'd have been more experienced, I'm sure it would have happened much faster! I made some time-consuming mistakes. Also, because I didn't always know the way things usually get done, I made some choices that were problematic at times, but also probably gave the recording its own sound. There's a freedom sometimes in not knowing things. It also meant we had the luxury of time to let the sound of the album unfold as it went along. It was good fun, going in with open ears and just discovering what each song was going to sound like. Drums, though, I would never be able to engineer. Producer Casey Rice came in to track those. Casey and Shane O'Mara were always a phone call away when I had obscure questions about impedance or mic-placement.
You guys are releasing the LP in early 2013 – will there be any more sneak peek tracks like 'The Woods' gracing our ears before then?
We hope to release another single before the album comes out, so watch this space. It likely won't be like 'The Woods' though. There's a few of different feels on the album, so the next single will probably show a different side of the album and the band.
So you recorded in a church, admittedly that's pretty hep – but was that anything to do with getting a certain sound?
I wanted to try achieve a sound that was intimate, while at the same time very wide and open. Or to at least see if that was even possible. The church was the perfect place to shoot for that. I loved the natural reverb it gave things too, and the way there was always spill. It was an expansive place to work in. It's also the place we usually play music and rehearse in, which meant we were comfortable.
Oh, and it's my home too, so we weren't on the clock!
There were some other sounds that came with the package too though: my snoring dog, passing trains, thunder, delivery trucks, the local brass band and whomever and whatever else passed by on the street outside on any given day. Listen closely and you might catch some unintentional inclusions!
Anything unintentional in 'The Woods'?
Before the recording started, a friend gave me some good advice. I'd already written the songs for the album and thought that was the end of it. But he said: be open to writing a song or two during the recording time and be prepared for that to change things. It did. I wrote two tunes and The Woods was one of them. A couple of songs that were meant to be on there fell by the wayside. In fact, it was the last song to be written which is perhaps why it's different to the rest of the album. It was like the song that points you in the direction you might go after the album.
Brighter Later's 'The Woods' is out now on Gaga Digi.


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OFFICIALS: Referee watch versus Crawley Town
Lee Swabey the man with the whistle on Saturday...
The match officials have been confirmed for Coventry City's away game against Crawley Town.
It's a 3pm kick-off at the Checkatrade Stadium on Saturday afternoon, and Lee Swabey will be the referee for the SkyBet League Two fixture.
The referee from Devon has officiated 16 games this season, handing out 51 yellow cards at an average of just over 3 per game – with one sending off ordered by Swabey in those fixtures.
This will be the first Sky Blues game that Swabey has taken charge of in the 2017/18 campaign.
The last time he refereed Coventry City was 2-2 draw with Doncaster at the Ricoh Arena on 28th November 2015, when Adam Armstrong and John Fleck goals were cancelled out by a Nathan Tyson brace. On that occasion, six bookings were noted in the referee's notebook – all for the visitors.
That was the Plymouth born official's first season as EFL referee, having been promoted to the Football League list in June 2015 to become Plymouth's first league referee in 30 years.
The assistant referees for the Crawley clash will be Stuart Butler and Kevin Howick, while the fourth official is Louis Marks.


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Review – Holding Strong by Lori Foster
Posted June 2, 2015 by smutmatters in Contemporary, Reviews, Sports / 0 Comments
Holding Strong by Lori Foster
Series: Ultimate #2
Series Rating:
Published by HQN Books on March 31st 2015
Genres: Contemporary, Romance
An up-and-coming MMA fighter wants more than just one night from a woman fleeing her past in New York Times bestselling author Lori Foster's irresistible new novel Heavyweight fighter Denver Lewis plays real nice, but he doesn't share. That's why he's been avoiding top-notch flirt Cherry Peyton. But a man can only resist those lush curves for so long. Their encounter surpasses all his fantasies, bringing out protective urges that Cherry's about to need more than she knows… Denver's combination of pure muscle and unexpected tenderness has been driving Cherry wild. Yet no sooner does she get what she's been craving than old troubles show up on her doorstep. And this time, Cherry can't hide behind a carefree facade. Because the man by her side is one who'll fight like hell to keep her safe…if only she'll trust him enough to let him…
I really do like this series. This is only the second book in the series. 2.5, I guess, if you include the novella. I'm really excited to read the next two, but I think this one will end up being my least favorite of the series. Denver and Cherry just didn't click for me, although it was going to be difficult for anyone to follow Cannon and Yvette in No Limits.
The physical connection between Denver and Cherry was apparent from the very beginning. Actually, it was apparent any time they showed up in No Limits, but even so, I thought they fell into bed pretty quickly here. They're both at a bar with their group of mutual friends, and Denver is watching Cherry, simultaneously wanting her and being upset that she's being such a flirt. This was one of the things that bugged me about Denver. I get that he's an MMA fighter, and he's alpha, but as far as I could tell, Cherry's flirting consisted of little more than talking to the men at her table. Maybe laughing at their jokes. But it comes up a lot throughout the book when we're in his POV. It's a big problem for him. At one point, he even asks some of the other fighters if they would even date her because she's such a flirt. I just wanted to shake some sense into him. She's literally standing in a crowded room talking to people. Most of them are his friends. The one time a stranger hits on her, he's very quickly sent packing. This is the huge deterrent for Denver. He gets over it and walks her back to her hotel room, and that's pretty much it. They fall into bed together, and they're together from that point on.
For me, alpha does not mean the same thing as possessive and controlling. In one sentence, Denver is thinking his friend Armie treats Cherry exactly the same as he does any other woman he has zero interest in, and the next he's yelling at Cherry for daring to get caught in a rainstorm around Armie and being in clothing that's stuck to her body by the rain. Actually yelling at her in front of all of their friends. Cherry rightly called him out on his crap that time, after he told her he knew Armie wasn't interested in her and wouldn't try anything with her, and Cherry correctly said that since he trusted Armie so completely, it must be her he didn't trust. For crying out loud. She was trying to look nice for Denver and got caught in the rain. The only reason Armie is even there is because he went to pick Cherry up and bring her to Denver when her car wasn't running. Denver was a very confusing mix of loving and possessive that left me somewhat unsettled. The only way he would believe Cherry truly loved him and trusted him and was willing to share their lives was for her to allow him to completely control a situation from her past she was dealing with. Not to accept his help, not to ask him or take his advice, but to allow him to completely take it over. He hides things about his own past and family situation from her, but insists that when she does the same, it means she doesn't trust him or love him enough. It did not give me the warm fuzzies. I was glad to see Cherry occasionally call him out on his crap, but she didn't do it often enough for me.
But in true Lori Foster fashion, the sex scenes were great, and I had no problem believing Denver and Cherry were well-suited there. I just struggled to see where else they were suited. Armie and Stack get better with each book, and I'm really looking forward to the next in these series. She's hosting a convention in Ohio this weekend, and I'm going to do everything I can to get my hands on Stack's book, which is next in the series.
About Lori Foster
Since first publishing in January 1996, Lori Foster has become a Waldenbooks, Borders, USA Today, Publisher's Weekly and New York Times bestselling author. Lori has published through a variety of houses, including Kensington, St. Martin's, Berkley, Silhouette and Samhain. She is currently with Harlequin.
Lori believes it's important to give back to the community as much as possible, and for that reason she ran special contests in conjunction with a publisher, facilitating many first sales for new authors. She routinely organizes events among authors and readers to gather donations for various organizations.
Waiting on Wednesday: Fighting Dirty by Lori Foster
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