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Posted inElection 2020
Letter from Langdon: Hey Democrats, What's So Scary about Missouri?
Democrats' failure to show up and listen in places like rural Missouri means that Republicans can get away with selling voters a lot of hokum – or worse.
by Richard Oswald December 17, 2020 December 17, 2020
This horse-drawn manure spreader was on the market in 1928, four years before Missourians and the rest of the U.S. elected FDR. Since then, it's not just farmers who have gotten better at spreading that stuff. (Flickr)
In 1860, only 11% of Missouri votes cast went to Abe Lincoln, with the balance of the vote split among three secessionists. By 1864, Lincoln recovered to collect 69% of votes cast.
That's an impressive turnaround to be sure.
Sometimes Missouri giveth, and sometimes Missouri taketh away.
Missourians favored Hoover in his first term but abandoned Hoover on his second try in favor of FDR by nearly 2 to 1. We continued to vote for FDR each time he ran, and we gave Truman our electoral votes. We liked Ike. Who wouldn't? Eisenhower won the war—with a little help. But Adlai Stevenson won in Missouri on Ike's second term.
The last time more than 50% of Missourians supported a winning Democratic presidential candidate was in 1976 when Jimmy Carter edged out Gerald Ford with 51.1% of the vote. That was also the last time a solid majority of Missouri voters went Democratic in a presidential election.
In 1980 Ronald Reagan beat Carter by nearly the same margin Carter won by four years earlier.
In 1992 Bill Clinton eked out a half-hearted Missouri win over incumbent George H.W. Bush with just over 44% of the vote to Bush's 30-something. That's after third-party candidate Ross Perot siphoned off over 20% from Bush. Clinton logged a second win in 1996 by collecting 47% to Bob Dole's 41%. Perot's performance was halved to 10%, but it was enough to deprive the Republican Dole of his Missouri majority.
Republicans have managed to blame the results of their own debilitating predatory ag policy on Democrats.
These days Democrats in Missouri consistently trail Republicans, especially in rural areas of the state. The exceptions are urban areas around Kansas City, St. Louis, Columbia, and Springfield. That may be because those cities are home to major universities with progressive attitudes and tech industries they attract. It's something like conservative Texas where Austin has become a magnet for tech with its urban development and lower cost of living compared to the coast.
While states like Texas still have smoky old pickup trucks and Confederate flags, they're also attracting a new generation of Americans whose culture is tilted toward red wine instead of red necks. The number of congressional districts in Texas continues to expand with its growing population, while Missouri's districts have been in steady decline for 80 years.
While the overall population of Missouri trends higher along with the nation, we aren't following the curve, and rural Missouri is in decline. In fact, we've done such a good job of shrinking, the entire northern third of the state is its own congressional district. We're literally dying off. In my northern Missouri county alone, we lost more than 11% of our population from 2000 to 2010. Numbers from the 2020 census will likely show a further drop.
It's not so much a red thing or a blue thing, but a long-term thing reflecting the overall trend in agriculture. While Democrats have been unsuccessful in making our diverse, proliferating, family-farm dreams come true, Republicans have managed to blame their own debilitating predatory ag policy outcomes on Democrats.
After the humiliating 2010 census Missouri went from having nine House seats to eight. Gerrymandered redistricting assured that the number of Republican representatives would be unchanged while Democratic held seats fell from three to two. In these parts, it's easier for a 2,000-head hog CAFO to pass through the eye of a needle than for a progressive to get elected to statewide or national office.
There's more than one word for manure, and one of those describes what the political majority is selling rural Missouri these days.
Here as across the state and the entire nation we've lost most of the greatest generation, the majority of whom voted reliably Democratic. Those who are still around find it increasingly difficult to vote. That's because "they" keep making it a little tougher for low income and elderly voters to satisfy identification requirements … and get to the polls.
Local control is the mantra here. Coastal liberals don't dare tell us how to live. But if we say we don't want to live with 10,000 hogs on 10 acres? That's when big Republican state government steps in to mansplain that rural Missouri is dying and the future is corporate manure.
There's more than one word for manure, and one of those describes what the political majority is selling rural Missouri these days. Just as an example of how far they've pushed this thing, some farmers who feed the corporate hogs really do have to buy poop they have stored on their own land.
Years ago while speaking with one of the locals, the name of our congressman came up. I asked her what she thought of him. "You know" she said, "I don't understand politics or a lot of this stuff they're talking about, so I'm just glad we have him in Washington to take care of all that and do the right thing."
So much for local control.
I understand that most of my fellow floundering fishies out here in a sea of red will vote Republican. What I understand less well is why. The intent here is to explain why. But if I use the language and reasoning some around these parts give, I'll make a lot of readers angry for verbalizing their thoughts. It actually sounds worse than it is in some cases.
But not all.
The things we fear are what separate us, even if some of those things aren't real. At the same time, things that should incite us to action (trickle down economics, herd immunity, tax cuts for the wealthy, corporate agriculture monopolies, climate change) are only real problems if we believe in them. There are politicians and people in power who understand that and use it to their advantage. But the more those apologists for corporate everything win, the more they lose, because little by little they're killing off their strongest support—our rural communities. Bad as it is in some places, Democrats still can't inspire support.
You're a Democrat. You kill babies.
How can we possibly stop burning coal? Missouri gets 80% of its electricity from coal.
Break up the big meatpacking monopolies? Where will we get our food?
People here know their law enforcement. Why would anyone in his right mind want to defund them?
To city dwellers this might be as scary a place with its occasional rippling banner of stars and bars, as an inner-city street corner is to us. But people here don't all worship the Southern condition. We hold benefit auctions to cover medical costs for uninsured neighbors. We'll stop and fix your flat, or if you're a buck short at checkout they might even plunk it down with a big smile and a hearty "pass it on."
Perceptions of rural Missouri can be as nuanced as Michigan protest coverage on the six o'clock news
We judge the book by its cover because we heard the reviews. And we believe them.
Most of us only deal with the city cop, a deputy, or a state trooper if we call 911 for a fire, a car wreck, or a family member who's ill or injured…or see them in the coffee shop. If we're short one EMT, they'll help lift the stretcher into the ambulance. We've seen rioting and looting folded seamlessly into peaceful protest coverage on the evening news. It's antithesis here. After working so hard to keep a handful of stores open in a rural American town, how could anyone burn them down?
I think what President-elect Biden was getting at when he told supporters to quit talking about defunding police, is that he understands that people in some parts of America simply do not support that. It's a local problem that comes up, with local solutions.
For whatever that's worth. We're only local if it's allowed.
In other parts of the country where parking lots are full and people walk shoulder to shoulder in to work each day, attitudes are different. AOC is loud and proud to them. But she sounds scary bad here. And the people running Missouri these days, the people who tell us we don't know what's good or bad until they tell us, tell us she is bad. That goes for Schumer, and Pelosi too. BAD coastal elites. They don't look like us. They don't sound like us. They don't have our values. And their heritage isn't the same as ours.
There's little optimism the political climate here will change. It seems more likely that our rural communities will become smaller, older, and more withdrawn from the rest of the country. That's not to say we can't change. All it might take would be acknowledgement of our needs and values, and a plan.
After all there is a precedent.
His initials were FDR.
Richard Oswald is a fourth-generation farmer from Langdon, Missouri. He is membership and policy director for the Missouri Farmers Union.
Letter from Langdon: 'Big Boats' Swamp the Little Guys in Missouri
For Most Americans, the Local Presidential Vote Was a Landslide


As I haven't changed anything regarding emacs nor org-mode installation it took me a while to figure how to solve it. I have org-mode installed via mac ports, I might have done a port upgrade outdated at some point and this might have caused the issue. Now, how did I get it working again?
sudo port selfupdate :: I haven't touched macports in a while.
sudo port upgrade org-mode :: I upgraded org-mode hoping that this would solve it. I got a minor upgrade (7.0.2 -> 7.0.3), the error still occured.
sudo port upgrade texlive-latex-extra :: this is the file that supposedly contains all the missing file.
changing my emacs configuration :: I added the line (require 'org-latex) in the ~/.emacs file and restarted emacs.
That did do the job, now the PDF export runs again. Jippieh!


The +1 678 886 area code numbers are located in Atlanta, Georgia. This serviced is provided by Metro PCS for Wireless phone numbers. Retrieve caller information for 678886, we offer a full reverse phone number report for (678) 886 numbers in Georgia.
Reverse Phone Number information for 1-678-886 numbers!


You are a fabulous artist 🙂 I hope you have a wonderful Christmas.
Great pictures! We are watching The Grinch right now and your picture is spot on! I bet you and your sisters can't wait for Christmas!! I know Emily is going to burst soon if she doesn't unwrap a present!! From what I've seen, you must be at the very top of the "good list"! Enjoy the days ahead and don't forget to get some sleep too!
Awesome drawings . . . way to share the Christmas spirit buddy . . . 5 days to go . . .
I love children's artwork and yours is especially wonderful. Have a spectacular Christmas with your friends and family.
Have a wonderful Christmas John. We love the pictures – thank you!
Your artwork is so inspiring with such vibrant colors, interesting shapes and terrific patterns (not to mention the great subject matter). Keep on drawing and painting…we love your work!!!
We hope you have a wonderful holiday!!
Awesome job! Maybe your mom and dad will let you come to a "paint nite" with me to teach me how to be such an artist! Wishing you, your wonderful mom and dad, and very special sisters, Clara and Elizabeth, a very MERRY CHRISTMAS!


This automatic bollard is not working and causes drivers to illegally drive through merton street to avoid traffic restrictions on High Street.
Well excuse me, but the city council is the one who referred it to you, see the screenshot attached. And while you're sending this back and forth, people keep driving along Merton street causing damage to the ancient cobbles there.
The information from the county council here is not correct. This bollard are the responsibility of the county council, not Oriel College. As with so many issues on fixmystreet, this is just getting bounced around without anyone taking action. I suggest writing directly to your county councillor, and also to Sobia Afridi who is the county councillor responsible for Oriel Sq.
Please can you assist. This is not street lighting.
This report is about the bollards around Oriel Square, not the on in Turl Street.


Prithvi Shaw who got selected in the playing eleven for the first time on Thursday against West Indies made the most of the opportunity and smashed a swashbuckling 134 off just 154 balls.
Prithvi Shaw the boy wonder was outstanding on his debut against West Indies and scored a swashbuckling 134 off just 154 balls. Prithvi struck 19 boundaries at a strike rate of 87.01. Shaw was sensational as he started his career by shattering records Here is a list of what 18-year-old batsman from Mumbai achieved at the Saurashtra Cricket Stadium, Rajkot.
1. The boy from Mumbai needed 99 balls to reach to his first century which is the 3rd fastest Test century on debut. Shikhar Dhawan and Dwayne Smith are the only two who are better than Shaw. Dwayne Smith took just 93 balls to score a century against South Africa in 2004, while Shikhar Dhawan reached the milestone in just 85 balls in Mohali against Australia to stamping authority in Test cricket in 2013.
3. Shaw became the 15th Indian to score a century on Test debut.
4. Shaw, second youngest Indian cricketer after the legend Sachin Tendulkar to score a century in Tests.
5. Gundappa Viswanath and Australia's Dirk Wellham are the only two with Prithvi Shaw, who have scored a century on their first-class debut as well as on their Test debut. Sehwag had scored centuries in his debut Test and FC innings but his was in his second match.
6. Prithvi Shaw also became the youngest Indian to score 50 on Test debut, leaving behind Abbas Ali Baig who was 20 when he reached the milestone against England in Manchester.
7. Ravi Shastri the coach of the current Indian team was the youngest for a long time to score a fifty at the age of 19.


Geneva, January 22, 2018 Today the international aid organization CARE launched a new report highlighting 2017's ten most under-reported humanitarian crises. The report "Suffering in Silence" found that the humanitarian situation in North Korea received the least media attention globally. While much media focus has been on nuclear brinkmanship, the humanitarian situation has been overlooked. Other crises that rarely made the headlines were Eritrea, Burundi, Sudan, Central African Republic, DRC, Mali, Lake Chad Basin (Niger, Cameroon, Chad), Vietnam and Peru.
In 2018, many of those disasters will continue to rage. Poor families struggle to survive, as their capacities to absorb future shocks are diminishing, with conflicts lasting for decades, livelihoods being lost, and assets depleted. The UN's Global Humanitarian Overview for 2018 requires $22.5 billion to help almost 91 out of 135 million people in urgent need. Media attention can help focus public support for those needs. Working with local freelancers and NGOs to receive up-to-date materials, pooling money for reporting in remote areas as well as NGO investment in communications in emergencies are among the recommendations outlined in the report.
Using the media monitoring services of Meltwater Group, CARE analysed those natural disasters or conflicts that received the least media attention in 2017. More than 1.2 million global online sources were monitored in English, French and German. To filter according to scale, we chose countries in which at least one million people were affected by natural or man-made disasters. The result is a list of almost 40 crises that were analysed. Our report features the ten crises which received the fewest media attention, meaning the least amount of online media coverage. This is the second time that CARE publishes the report "Suffering in Silence". In 2016, the most underreported crisis was Eritrea, followed by Burundi and Madagascar. All in all, seven countries on the list of 2016 also made it to the Top Ten in 2017. This yearly analysis serves as a reminder and appeal to make room both in media and political spheres for those who suffer in silence.
Last year, CARE worked in 93 countries around the world to assist more than 63 million people improve basic health and education, fight hunger, increase access to clean water and sanitation, expand economic opportunity, confront climate change, and recover from disasters. To learn more, visit www.care-international.org.


In this live blog from the Annual Fall SDPA Conference in Orlando, FL, Theodore Rosen, MD, presented a lecture sponsored by Anacor Pharmaceuticals called, "Advances in Atopic Dermatitis: Expert Insights Into New and Emerging Therapies." Here are some of the highlights.
Dr. Rosen began his lecture by stating that atopic dermatitis is the most chronic skin disease in young children, while affecting only 2% to 3% of adults. Notably there has been an increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis in newly industrialized countries.
Atopic dermatitis shares cross-sectional symptoms between asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis. Sufferers also commonly report comorbid mental health concerns (depression, autism, hypertension, ADHD), dietary concerns (obesity, poor nutrition), and sleep deprivation (especially in pediatric patients and their parents).
What is the best course of action for treating a patient suffering with atopic dermatitis? Dr. Rosen emphasized the importance of reducing itchiness (over redness reduction) as the primary goal of treatment. While treatment should also seek to control inflammation and minimize infection, Dr. Rosen argued that treating the itch first is the most important because a patient's itching results in scratching, which will exacerbate the dermatitis.
The first line of treatment is to hydrate the skin. Locking in moisture is essential. "Soak and seal," Dr. Rosen urged. He also encouraged that patients be proactive about their therapy. Regular, intermittent diluted bleach baths can help reduce the bacterial carriage on the skin.
Flares occur in patients, Dr. Rosen explained, when there tends to be more staph and less diversity. Decreasing S. aureus colonization tends to be helpful in reducing inflammation. Dr. Rosen recommended that a topical agent such as a topical corticosteroids (TCS) and or topical calcenurin inhibitors (TCI) depending on severity can be used to achieve control. Getting pediatric patients to apply topical agents consistently as prescribed can be challenging. Dr. Rosen suggested getting the parents email address or phone number and programming an email or text reminder to the parent to treat their children. Providers can also mail parents a monthly check-in postcard, or even schedule video check-ins. If TCSs or TCIs are not effective, systemic therapy/UV therapy is the last attempt. Dr. Rosen advised that systemic steroids are never ideal. They should be used for a short term and only for over exacerbated cases.


ATFC are pleased to confirm our final pre season friendly, ahead of the 2018/19 campaign.
We will host Evo Stik Premier Division side, Buxton, on Tuesday 17th July with a 7.45pm kick off.
Due to this fixture being rearranged after the announcement of our pre season package deal, this fixture will be pay on the gate only and is not included in the pre season package deal.


Kore 7th is the newest and most advanced doser from Pacific Sun. It is a completely wireless, 7 channel doser with optional integrated ATO (auto top off), automatic water change and temp sensor, 2xpH electrode ports and KH lab.
Our control software allows users to not only connect to the doser wirelessly WI-FI, but also to set precise dosing schedules for any number of supplements or elements. Kore 7th gives users the ultimate control of dosing almost anything your reef may need!
Additional equipment such as DC AWC pumps (pumps set for automatic water change), dedicated Magnetic Stirrer or KH lab make this station the ultimate solution for all advanced aquarium reefers!
– Built-in ATO (automatic top-off) system with 300l/h, 2m head DC pump (adjustable speed) INCLUDED in ULTIMATE version.
– Battery back-up – Clock and the user settings are saved if power is interrupted.
– Spare parts are readily available.


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Afeni Shakur Davis, Tupac's mother, dies at 69
By Eliott C. McLaughlin, CNN
Updated 7:33 PM EDT, Tue May 3, 2016
Tupac Shakur's mother Afeni dies at 69
Tupac's mother was "well-loved" community member, police say
Afeni Shakur Davis spoke about how Tupac helped her beat drug addiction
Police responded to a call of cardiac arrest at Shakur Davis' Sausalito home
Afeni Shakur Davis, the mother of one of hip-hop's most seminal and iconic figures, has died at age 69, the Marin County, California, sheriff's office said Tuesday.
Though she is best known as Tupac Shakur's mom, Shakur Davis also was a Black Panther as a young adult and an activist and philanthropist in her later years.
Deputies responded to a family member's call reporting "a possible cardiac arrest" at Shakur Davis' Sausalito home about 9:34 p.m. Monday, the Marin County Sheriff's Office said.
Shakur Davis was taken to Marin General Hospital, where she died at 10:28 p.m., the office said. There was nothing suspicious about her death and there's no evidence of foul play, Lt. Doug Pittman said Tuesday. An autopsy was scheduled for later in the day.
Tupac love letter for sale
"Sheriff's Coroners Office will lead investigation to determine exact cause & manner of Afeni Shakur's death," the office said in a tweet.
Afeni Shakur Davis in 2003.
Kevin Winter/Getty Images North America/Getty Images
Shakur Davis was a "well-loved, well-respected" member of the community, Pittman said.
"Miss Shakur has had an extensive background not only in the community but her involvement with so many things," he said. "She's been a leader, a person people followed. All that said about who she's been and where's she's at now, this is a tragic loss for this community."
The Shakur family, in a statement, said she "embodied strength, resilience, wisdom and love. She was a pioneer for social change and was committed to building a more peaceful world."
From drugs to arts
In a 2005 interview ahead of the opening of the now-shuttered Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts in Stone Mountain, Georgia, Shakur Davis recalled how her life was almost derailed by drugs and how her son got it back on track.
Her drug use made her so oblivious to what was happening in her life that when someone told her in 1990 that her son – then on the precipice of becoming the biggest name in hip-hop – was going to be on "The Arsenio Hall Show," she thought the person was lying, she said.
Sad news about Pacs mom #AfeniShakur RIP Dear Mama learned a lot about being a women from watching you... 🙏😢😇 pic.twitter.com/MMTxwYhrxI
— Pepa (@DaRealPepa) May 3, 2016
In the mid-1980s, she was homeless in New York and "messing around with cocaine," Shakur Davis said. Despite the drug use, she was still coherent enough to realize that Tupac would become a product of the streets if she didn't make different choices.
"I was running around with militants, trying to be badder than I was, trying to stay up later than I should," she said in the 2005 interview.
She decided to enroll Tupac in the 127th Street Ensemble, a Harlem theater group, something she called "the best thing I could've done in my insanity." They later moved to Maryland, where she enrolled him in the Baltimore School for the Arts, and then to a small town outside Sausalito.
It was there that Tupac confronted her about her cocaine use.
"He asked me if I could handle it, and I said yeah because I'd been dipping and dabbing all my life," she said during the interview. "What pissed him off is that I lied to him."
'Pac told the local drug dealers not to sell to her, she said, and he told his mother to get clean or to forget about being involved in his life.
'Arts can save children'
She got clean in 1991, she said, and when her son was gunned down in Las Vegas in 1996, she resisted the urges to delve back into her old bad habits. She instead founded Amaru Entertainment to keep her son's music alive.
Later, she realized that her life – mistake-ridden as it may have been – might serve as a lesson to others.
"Arts can save children, no matter what's going on in their homes," she said. "I wasn't available to do the right things for my son. If not for the arts, my child would've been lost."
She provided the majority of the money to begin the $4 million first phase of the arts center, while her Tupac Amaru Shakur Foundation hosted poetry and theater camps for youngsters in the Atlanta area. The family said she established the foundation to "instill a sense of freedom of expression and education through the arts."
"I learned that I can't save the world, but I can help a child at a time," she said, pointing out that her new life of philanthropy wouldn't have been possible without the influence of her legendary son. "God created a miracle with his spirit. I'm all right with that."
Afeni Shakur on her son Tupac: "I miss him...."
Now they're both reunited. RIP pic.twitter.com/1xhRHe8Mqq
— Joel Franco (@OfficialJoelF) May 3, 2016
And as much as she credited Tupac with inspiring her to help others, the tribulations she endured in raising him weren't lost on the multiplatinum artist. He regularly invoked her in his music, perhaps never as directly as in his chart-topping song, "Dear Mama."
In it, he rapped, "And even as a crack fiend, mama, you always was a black queen, mama/I finally understand, for a woman it ain't easy trying to raise a man/You always was committed, a poor single mother on welfare, tell me how you did it/There's no way I can pay you back, but the plan is to show you that I understand."
Shakur Davis is survived by a daughter, Sekyiwa Shakur.
Kendrick Lamar remembers Tupac
CNN's Sheena Jones, Braden Walker and Jeffrey Acevedo contributed to this report.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Gallery's Acknowledgement of Country, and information on culturally sensitive and restricted content and the use of historic language in the collection can be found here.
Dr Roberta Sykes and Naomi
Juno Gemes
gelatin silver photograph on paper, edition 1/3 (sheet: 60.8 cm x 51.0 cm, image: 44.1 cm x 31.8 cm)
Roberta Sykes (1943–2010), writer and activist, grew up in Townsville and moved to Sydney in the mid-1960s. She became involved in the Aboriginal rights movement in the lead up to the landmark 1967 referendum and was the first secretary of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in 1972. Sykes subsequently worked as a freelance journalist, as well as writing poetry. She also worked as a health educator at the Aboriginal Medical Service in Redfern and as an advisor on Aboriginal health and education to the NSW Health Commission. In 1981, at the age of 38, she went to Harvard University, completing her PhD in 1983. She then became a consultant to government agencies, including the Commonwealth Office of the Aged, the NSW Department of Corrective Services, and those involved in the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody. The founder of the Black Women's Action in Education Foundation, Sykes published nine books, including two anthologies of poetry and the three-volume autobiography, collectively titled Snake Dreaming (1997–1999), which won many awards including the Age Book of the Year and the National Biography Award. Sykes won the Australian Human Rights Medal in 1994.
This image of Roberta and her daughter Naomi was taken by Juno Gemes at the 1994 National Poetry Festival in Melbourne.
Gift of the artist 2004. Donated through the Australian Government's Cultural Gifts Program.
© Juno Gemes/Copyright Agency, 2022
The National Portrait Gallery respects the artistic and intellectual property rights of others. Works of art from the collection are reproduced as per the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). The use of images of works from the collection may be restricted under the Act. Requests for a reproduction of a work of art can be made through a Reproduction request. For further information please contact NPG Copyright.
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Artist and subject
Juno Gemes (age 50 in 1994)
Roberta Sykes (age 51 in 1994)
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Juno Gemes (19 portraits)
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1. Kevin Gilbert and Joe in discussion outside Anti-Bicentennial and Treaty Meeting Balmain Town Hall, Sydney, 1987. 2. Jeffrey Samuels, Boomalli workshop, 2003. 3. Oodgeroo Noonuccal at Moongalba Stradbroke Island (her sitting down place)1982. 4. Matilda House presides at the first Welcome to Country, 2008 (printed 2009). All Juno Gemes.
Permanent collection catalogue
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On one level The Companion talks about the most famous and frontline Australians, but on another it tells us about ourselves: who we read, who we watch, who we listen to, who we cheer for, who we aspire to be, and who we'll never forget. The Companion is available to buy online and in the Portrait Gallery Store.


It is widely believed that autonomous vehicles (also known as driverless cars), offer significant opportunities to reduce energy demand and increase efficiency as part of a wider shift towards smart cities and smart transport. In fact, the extent to which autonomous vehicles can radically transform existing mobility systems has recently been hyped by industry, policy-makers and the media.
Reducing the energy demand for freight transport is arguably more complex than for passenger transport. The growth in goods delivery is intertwined with changes to the socio-technical systems within which freight transport is entangled. For instance, e-shopping is shifting energy demand from private vehicles to freight delivery vehicles. This shift has replaced one means of transport – private vehicles – with another – such as freight vehicles (with the exception of cargo-cycles for low-volume and weight items).
This means that if the freight delivery industry wants to reduce energy demand, it is heavily reliant on vehicle efficiency gains, fuel technologies and logistical improvements (such as urban distribution centres), and the opportunities for systemic change across this suite of innovations to do so.
This project examines how energy demand reduction is understood by the freight industry, focusing on the potential contributions by innovations such as autonomous vehicles and other smart technologies in the smart city. It concentrates on the freight industry's views and expectations regarding low-energy technological innovations by analysing how autonomous vehicles and related technologies are framed and understood by the media and various stakeholders in the freight industry.
How are autonomous vehicles and other smart mobility innovations, freight mobility and energy demand likely to mutually influence each other?
How are automated vehicles and other smart mobility technologies discussed, framed and legitimised in the context of urban and inter-urban freight mobility?
This project uses qualitative research methods which include document analysis of freight industry and mass media articles, coupled with focus groups, interviews and workshops with supply-side freight industry actors and stakeholders including industry representative organisations, freight managers, and local councils.
On 20 March 2017, Dr Debbie Hopkins, Dr Tim Schwanen and Jenny Bird organised a stakeholder workshop on 'Automation and Freight Transport in the UK'. The workshop had around 12 stakeholders attending and featured presentations from Dr Hopkins and Dr Schwanen as well as group discussions. For more details read news story by Suzanne Fisher-Murray.
Dr Debbie Hopkins, Prof Tim Schwanen and Prof Benjamin Sovacool have submitted written evidence to the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee inquiry looking into the future of autonomous vehicles. Their response argues that, while connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technology has enormous potential, there are some key concerns regarding the government's approach to the technology. In particular, the need to give greater attention to the potential effects on health, the environment and social inequality. Read the full document.


Innolution provides a full range of corporate agile and Scrum training, certification, consulting and coaching. Click on the links below to learn more about the types of on-site training we facilitate. All training is led by author of "Essential Scrum" and CST, Ken Rubin.
Scrum Team Training: Learn how to be a productive member of a Scrum team.
Scrum Master Certification: Obtain a comprehensive overview of the ScrumMaster role in preparation for becoming a CSM.
CSPO Training: Get an in-depth look at the Product Owner role in order to become a CSPO.
Agile Estimating and Planning Training: Find out how to do agile estimating and planning for peak efficiency on your development projects.
User Stories Training: Discover how to write effective user stories to improve the way you capture requirements for a project.
Kanban Training: Learn the Kanban method, and its associated principles and practices.
Because we offer corporate training, all agile and Scrum training and certification courses can be customized to your company's specific needs.


What is the length of the room?
What formula can you use to find the area of the rectangular room?
What expression can you use to find the area?
How could you write this expression in words?
If x=6, what expression can you use to find the area of the room?
If x = 6, what is the area of the room?
If the width of the room equals 15 feet, what expression could you use to find the area?
What is another way to write this expression?


Posted from the Vancouver airport upon my arrival.
So, here I am on my flight to Korea. In flight for ~20 minutes now. I won't be posting this until sometime after my arrival, as I have no internet at the moment. The detected "Free Public WiFi Wireless Connection" is somewhat deceptive, as I can in no way connect to it, making it somewhat less than a public connection. It is however free, I suppose.
Anyway, here I sit listening to the new Alanis Morissette album, which the entertainment system offers and I decided to give a try. It was listed at the top, I'll descend into the list shortly and see what they offer.
The family just the the right of me has a portable DVD player showing The Fox And The Hound, baby seems content.
I'm quite excited by this trip, and plan to take many a picture. Can't wait to see my fiancee, who continues to remain nameless in the blog world at her wishes. So, only another 17 plus a bit hours until I see her. Awesome!


Bonkers about Hockey? Raise your game with t..
Friendly International game - smiling nations!&nbs..
Jolly Roger skull and cross bones - - get straight..
Adult shinlines - Chevron designTake corners well ..
Vibrant Green shinnerz - inner so..
The kit you need to play hockey, football or soccer varies and is often branded for your club or team.
Shinnerz are protection socks, shin liners - that protect against shin rash, you wear them under shin guards (or shin pads).
Shinnerz are the original innerz and have unique colourful designs for the hockey and football pitch. Shinnerz come in three youth / child sizes and two adult sizes to give a perfect fit. These are not compression socks (such as Skins). They do act as a barrier and offer protection from and dermatitis (eczema) of the lower legs caused by sweat accumulating beneath shin pads.
Rashes are often caused by skin irritation, which can have many causes, such as an allergic reaction to the shin guards called allergic contact dermatitis or a reaction to local irritants, such as heat, sweat, and friction. Shinnerz have had a great success rate in relieving uncomfortable symptoms, and many players have reported quick recovery and no recurrence of problems.
We advise that Shinnerz are worn clean for every training session, game, match - they dry very quickly and will absorb the sweat from under your shin pads. Shin guards / shin pads should also be washed from time to time - look at the manufacturers recommendations. Shinnerz perfect fit inner socks can be personalised to suit every player - and every team. They are fun vibrant colours and often carry a motivational message.
Shinnerz are made in UK to ensure quality and are extremely competitively priced, they make an excellent present that sports players will enjoy!
Shinnerz prevent shin guards rubbing and chafing by providing an underlayer which cushions your leg while wicking away any moisture tapped between your skin and the shin pad.
Professional attention to detail is maintained throughout the manufacturing process using a high quality breathable fabric finished with abrasive resistant thread. Not only are they comfortable but fast drying and machine washable.
Whether you want to stand out from the crowd or be part of a team. Shinnerz are available to all ages in a variety of funky fun designs or can even be personalized! The opportunities are endless!


I guess I had to make a new thread. Are you a little tired of seeing maps without shadings? Well, I been able to set up the shading. I had to insert commands, and change offsets, and delete some bytes (01 bytes) to go back down to the right size.
Thanks to looking at some info from other levels, I copied and paste some commands I think. Well, I got info from others. So if I wanted to make something cool to happen without getting some info from others, it may be hard.
The last snap was probably when I set it up different. I don't think I been able to open the level in a latest Toads Tool.
Yet, for this one. I am still not sure if I set this up right. But it looks fine in the game.
I was making a word file on how to set this up on Custom Levels.
I've also shaded a full model, it makes other levels look very dull.
What we need is some C# and C++ programmer to help design a 3D program which allows you to patch vertex shades/colors as you please. I'm not sure if anyone on SMWCentral would help, but I sure as hell know that no one else has. I know how to manage compiled code in F3D, but I'm not yet a true programmer.
Oh I'm so exited for this, I'm hope that this will make Custom levels look more like the real deal.
I anxiously looking forward to this.
could you finish the word file or send it to me please, i already have plenty of knowledge and c coding knowledge?
Blakeoramo I'm going to have to ask you not to bump threads here on this site (by that I mean post in it 30 days after the last post),one of the rules we have here forbids it. This has been a 6 month bump so I have to give you a warning for that.


text:
Int'l delegations inspect safety procedures at Cairo airport
Fri, 26 May 2017 - 08:06 GMT
Cairo International Airport- Creative Commons via Wikimedia
CAIRO – 26 May 2017: Several foreign inspection delegations visited Cairo International Airport to inspect and follow up on security procedures carried out by the Egyptian authorities at the airport concluding a three-day visit.
These visits are scheduled every three months and aim to ensure maximum security and safety, as verified by the European, Canadian, Russian and American inspection delegations.
On Thursday, English and French delegations concluded a three-day visit to the airport with the purpose of following up on security measures applied by the authority for passengers' safety, luggage and goods, specifically the flights travelling to the United Kingdom and France. The two delegations applied the security procedures including securing passengers from check-in until they reach the terminal. The passengers were frisked, and their luggage was inspected through radiation and hand tools.
Furthermore, the two delegations toured the duty free area to review the procedures for securing containers and parcels before shipping them to the aircraft. In addition, they inspected the procedures for securing in-flight food containers and meals for passengers from the point of leaving the kitchens to arriving at the aircraft.
Members of the two delegations met with security leaders from the police, the Civil Aviation Authority, and Cairo Port Company to review the observations from the visit. The delegations did not give any substantial observations that will cause changes to the safety and security procedures at the airport.
Previously, Russia had suspended its air service with Egypt, following the crash of the Russian airliner over Sinai late October in 2015 that was carrying 217 passengers and seven crew members.
cairo international airport


Anshuman Pandey was intrigued. A graduate student in history at the University of Michigan, he was searching online for forgotten alphabets of South Asia when an image of a mysterious writing system popped up. In eight years of digging through British colonial archives both real and digital, he has found almost 200 alphabets across Asia that were previously undescribed in the West, but this one, which he came across in early 2011, stumped him. Its sinuous letters, connected to one another in cursive fashion and sometimes bearing dots and slashes above or below, resembled those of Arabic.
Pandey eventually identified the script as an alphabet for Rohingya, the language spoken by the stateless and persecuted Muslim people whose greatest numbers live in western Myanmar, where they've been the victims of brutal ethnic cleansing. Pandey wasn't sure if the alphabet itself was in use anymore, until he lucked upon contemporary pictures of printed textbooks for children. That meant it wasn't a historical footnote; it was alive.
An email query from Pandey bounced from expert to expert until it landed with Muhammad Noor, a Rohingya activist and television host who was living in Malaysia. He told Pandey the short history of this alphabet, which was developed in the 1980s by a group of scholars that included a man named Mohammed Hanif. It spread slowly through the 1990s in handwritten, photocopied books. After 2001, thanks to two computer fonts designed by Noor, it became possible to type the script in word-processing programs. But no email, text messages or (later) tweets could be sent or received in it, no Google searches conducted in it. The Rohingya had no digital alphabet of their own through which they could connect with one another.


text:
if ARMv7s
end

# These declarations must match interpreter/JSStack.h.
const CallFrameHeaderSize = 48
const ArgumentCount = -48
const CallerFrame = -40
const Callee = -32
const ScopeChain = -24
const ReturnPC = -16
const CodeBlock = -8

const ThisArgumentOffset = -CallFrameHeaderSize - 8

# Some register conventions.
if JSVALUE64
    # - Use a pair of registers to represent the PC: one register for the
    #   base of the stack, and one register for the index.
    # - The PC base (or PB for short) should be stored in the csr. It will
    #   get clobbered on calls to other JS code, but will get saved on calls
    #   to C functions.
    # - C calls are still given the Instruction* rather than the PC index.
    #   This requires an add before the call, and a sub after.
    const PC = t4
    const PB = t6
    const tagTypeNumber = csr1
    const tagMask = csr2

    macro loadisFromInstruction(offset, dest)
        loadis offset * 8[PB, PC, 8], dest
    end

    macro loadpFromInstruction(offset, dest)
        loadp offset * 8[PB, PC, 8], dest
    end

    macro storepToInstruction(value, offset)
        storep value, offset * 8[PB, PC, 8]
    end

else
    const PC = t4
    macro loadisFromInstruction(offset, dest)
        loadis offset * 4[PC], dest
    end

    macro loadpFromInstruction(offset, dest)
        loadp offset * 4[PC], dest
    end
end

# Constants for reasoning about value representation.
if BIG_ENDIAN
    const TagOffset = 0
    const PayloadOffset = 4
else
    const TagOffset = 4
    const PayloadOffset = 0
end

# Constant for reasoning about butterflies.
const IsArray                  = 1
const IndexingShapeMask        = 30
const NoIndexingShape          = 0
const Int32Shape               = 20
const DoubleShape              = 22
const ContiguousShape          = 26
const ArrayStorageShape        = 28
const SlowPutArrayStorageShape = 30

# Type constants.
const StringType = 5
const ObjectType = 17

# Type flags constants.
const MasqueradesAsUndefined = 1
const ImplementsHasInstance = 2
const ImplementsDefaultHasInstance = 8

# Bytecode operand constants.
const FirstConstantRegisterIndex = 0x40000000

# Code type constants.
const GlobalCode = 0
const EvalCode = 1
const FunctionCode = 2

# The interpreter steals the tag word of the argument count.
const LLIntReturnPC = ArgumentCount + TagOffset

# String flags.
const HashFlags8BitBuffer = 64

# Copied from PropertyOffset.h
const firstOutOfLineOffset = 100

# From ResolveOperations.h
const ResolveOperationFail = 0
const ResolveOperationSetBaseToUndefined = 1
const ResolveOperationReturnScopeAsBase = 2
const ResolveOperationSetBaseToScope = 3
const ResolveOperationSetBaseToGlobal = 4
const ResolveOperationGetAndReturnScopedVar = 5
const ResolveOperationGetAndReturnGlobalVar = 6
const ResolveOperationGetAndReturnGlobalVarWatchable = 7
const ResolveOperationSkipTopScopeNode = 8
const ResolveOperationSkipScopes = 9
const ResolveOperationReturnGlobalObjectAsBase = 10
const ResolveOperationGetAndReturnGlobalProperty = 11
const ResolveOperationCheckForDynamicEntriesBeforeGlobalScope = 12

const PutToBaseOperationKindUninitialised = 0
const PutToBaseOperationKindGeneric = 1
const PutToBaseOperationKindReadonly = 2
const PutToBaseOperationKindGlobalVariablePut = 3
const PutToBaseOperationKindGlobalVariablePutChecked = 4
const PutToBaseOperationKindGlobalPropertyPut = 5
const PutToBaseOperationKindVariablePut = 6

# Allocation constants
if JSVALUE64
    const JSFinalObjectSizeClassIndex = 1
else
    const JSFinalObjectSizeClassIndex = 3
end

# This must match wtf/Vector.h
const VectorBufferOffset = 0
if JSVALUE64
    const VectorSizeOffset = 12
else
    const VectorSizeOffset = 8
end

# Some common utilities.
macro crash()
    if C_LOOP
        cloopCrash
    else
        storei t0, 0xbbadbeef[]
        move 0, t0
        call t0
    end
end

macro assert(assertion)
    if ASSERT_ENABLED
        assertion(.ok)
        crash()
    .ok:
    end
end

macro preserveReturnAddressAfterCall(destinationRegister)
    if C_LOOP or ARM or ARMv7 or ARMv7_TRADITIONAL or MIPS
        # In C_LOOP case, we're only preserving the bytecode vPC.
        move lr, destinationRegister
    elsif SH4
        stspr destinationRegister
    elsif X86 or X86_64
        pop destinationRegister
    else
        error
    end
end

macro restoreReturnAddressBeforeReturn(sourceRegister)
    if C_LOOP or ARM or ARMv7 or ARMv7_TRADITIONAL or MIPS
        # In C_LOOP case, we're only restoring the bytecode vPC.
        move sourceRegister, lr
    elsif SH4
        ldspr sourceRegister
    elsif X86 or X86_64
        push sourceRegister
    else
        error
    end
end

macro traceExecution()
    if EXECUTION_TRACING
        callSlowPath(_llint_trace)
    end
end

macro callTargetFunction(callLinkInfo)
    if C_LOOP
        cloopCallJSFunction LLIntCallLinkInfo::machineCodeTarget[callLinkInfo]
    else
        call LLIntCallLinkInfo::machineCodeTarget[callLinkInfo]
        dispatchAfterCall()
    end
end

macro slowPathForCall(advance, slowPath)
    callCallSlowPath(
        advance,
        slowPath,
        macro (callee)
            if C_LOOP
                cloopCallJSFunction callee
            else
                call callee
                dispatchAfterCall()
            end
        end)
end

macro arrayProfile(structureAndIndexingType, profile, scratch)
    const structure = structureAndIndexingType
    const indexingType = structureAndIndexingType
    if VALUE_PROFILER
        storep structure, ArrayProfile::m_lastSeenStructure[profile]
    end
    loadb Structure::m_indexingType[structure], indexingType
end

macro checkSwitchToJIT(increment, action)
    if JIT_ENABLED
        loadp CodeBlock[cfr], t0
        baddis increment, CodeBlock::m_llintExecuteCounter + ExecutionCounter::m_counter[t0], .continue
        action()
    .continue:
    end
end

macro checkSwitchToJITForEpilogue()
    checkSwitchToJIT(
        10,
        macro ()
            callSlowPath(_llint_replace)
        end)
end

macro assertNotConstant(index)
    assert(macro (ok) bilt index, FirstConstantRegisterIndex, ok end)
end

macro functionForCallCodeBlockGetter(targetRegister)
    loadp Callee[cfr], targetRegister
    loadp JSFunction::m_executable[targetRegister], targetRegister
    loadp FunctionExecutable::m_codeBlockForCall[targetRegister], targetRegister
end

macro functionForConstructCodeBlockGetter(targetRegister)
    loadp Callee[cfr], targetRegister
    loadp JSFunction::m_executable[targetRegister], targetRegister
    loadp FunctionExecutable::m_codeBlockForConstruct[targetRegister], targetRegister
end

macro notFunctionCodeBlockGetter(targetRegister)
    loadp CodeBlock[cfr], targetRegister
end

macro functionCodeBlockSetter(sourceRegister)
    storep sourceRegister, CodeBlock[cfr]
end

macro notFunctionCodeBlockSetter(sourceRegister)
    # Nothing to do!
end

# Do the bare minimum required to execute code. Sets up the PC, leave the CodeBlock*
# in t1. May also trigger prologue entry OSR.
macro prologue(codeBlockGetter, codeBlockSetter, osrSlowPath, traceSlowPath)
    preserveReturnAddressAfterCall(t2)

    # Set up the call frame and check if we should OSR.
    storep t2, ReturnPC[cfr]
    if EXECUTION_TRACING
        callSlowPath(traceSlowPath)
    end
    codeBlockGetter(t1)
    if JIT_ENABLED
        baddis 5, CodeBlock::m_llintExecuteCounter + ExecutionCounter::m_counter[t1], .continue
        cCall2(osrSlowPath, cfr, PC)
        move t1, cfr
        btpz t0, .recover
        loadp ReturnPC[cfr], t2
        restoreReturnAddressBeforeReturn(t2)
        jmp t0
    .recover:
        codeBlockGetter(t1)
    .continue:
    end
    codeBlockSetter(t1)

    # Set up the PC.
    if JSVALUE64
        loadp CodeBlock::m_instructions[t1], PB
        move 0, PC
    else
        loadp CodeBlock::m_instructions[t1], PC
    end
end

# Expects that CodeBlock is in t1, which is what prologue() leaves behind.
# Must call dispatch(0) after calling this.
macro functionInitialization(profileArgSkip)
    if VALUE_PROFILER
        # Profile the arguments. Unfortunately, we have no choice but to do this. This
        # code is pretty horrendous because of the difference in ordering between
        # arguments and value profiles, the desire to have a simple loop-down-to-zero
        # loop, and the desire to use only three registers so as to preserve the PC and
        # the code block. It is likely that this code should be rewritten in a more
        # optimal way for architectures that have more than five registers available
        # for arbitrary use in the interpreter.
        loadi CodeBlock::m_numParameters[t1], t0
        addp -profileArgSkip, t0 # Use addi because that's what has the peephole
        assert(macro (ok) bpgteq t0, 0, ok end)
        btpz t0, .argumentProfileDone
        loadp CodeBlock::m_argumentValueProfiles + VectorBufferOffset[t1], t3
        mulp sizeof ValueProfile, t0, t2 # Aaaaahhhh! Need strength reduction!
        negp t0
        lshiftp 3, t0
        addp t2, t3
    .argumentProfileLoop:
        if JSVALUE64
            loadq ThisArgumentOffset + 8 - profileArgSkip * 8[cfr, t0], t2
            subp sizeof ValueProfile, t3
            storeq t2, profileArgSkip * sizeof ValueProfile + ValueProfile::m_buckets[t3]
        else
            loadi ThisArgumentOffset + TagOffset + 8 - profileArgSkip * 8[cfr, t0], t2
            subp sizeof ValueProfile, t3
            storei t2, profileArgSkip * sizeof ValueProfile + ValueProfile::m_buckets + TagOffset[t3]
            loadi ThisArgumentOffset + PayloadOffset + 8 - profileArgSkip * 8[cfr, t0], t2
            storei t2, profileArgSkip * sizeof ValueProfile + ValueProfile::m_buckets + PayloadOffset[t3]
        end
        baddpnz 8, t0, .argumentProfileLoop
    .argumentProfileDone:
    end

    # Check stack height.
    loadi CodeBlock::m_numCalleeRegisters[t1], t0
    loadp CodeBlock::m_vm[t1], t2
    loadp VM::interpreter[t2], t2   # FIXME: Can get to the JSStack from the JITStackFrame
    lshifti 3, t0
    addp t0, cfr, t0
    bpaeq Interpreter::m_stack + JSStack::m_end[t2], t0, .stackHeightOK

    # Stack height check failed - need to call a slow_path.
    callSlowPath(_llint_stack_check)
.stackHeightOK:
end

macro allocateJSObject(allocator, structure, result, scratch1, slowCase)
    if ALWAYS_ALLOCATE_SLOW
        jmp slowCase
    else
        const offsetOfFirstFreeCell =
            MarkedAllocator::m_freeList +
            MarkedBlock::FreeList::head

        # Get the object from the free list.
        loadp offsetOfFirstFreeCell[allocator], result
        btpz result, slowCase

        # Remove the object from the free list.
        loadp [result], scratch1
        storep scratch1, offsetOfFirstFreeCell[allocator]

        # Initialize the object.
        storep structure, JSCell::m_structure[result]
        storep 0, JSObject::m_butterfly[result]
    end
end

macro doReturn()
    loadp ReturnPC[cfr], t2
    loadp CallerFrame[cfr], cfr
    restoreReturnAddressBeforeReturn(t2)
    ret
end

# Indicate the beginning of LLInt.
_llint_begin:
    crash()

_llint_program_prologue:
    prologue(notFunctionCodeBlockGetter, notFunctionCodeBlockSetter, _llint_entry_osr, _llint_trace_prologue)
    dispatch(0)

_llint_eval_prologue:
    prologue(notFunctionCodeBlockGetter, notFunctionCodeBlockSetter, _llint_entry_osr, _llint_trace_prologue)
    dispatch(0)

_llint_function_for_call_prologue:
    prologue(functionForCallCodeBlockGetter, functionCodeBlockSetter, _llint_entry_osr_function_for_call, _llint_trace_prologue_function_for_call)
.functionForCallBegin:
    functionInitialization(0)
    dispatch(0)

_llint_function_for_construct_prologue:
    prologue(functionForConstructCodeBlockGetter, functionCodeBlockSetter, _llint_entry_osr_function_for_construct, _llint_trace_prologue_function_for_construct)
.functionForConstructBegin:
    functionInitialization(1)
    dispatch(0)

_llint_function_for_call_arity_check:
    prologue(functionForCallCodeBlockGetter, functionCodeBlockSetter, _llint_entry_osr_function_for_call_arityCheck, _llint_trace_arityCheck_for_call)
    functionArityCheck(.functionForCallBegin, _llint_slow_path_call_arityCheck)

_llint_function_for_construct_arity_check:
    prologue(functionForConstructCodeBlockGetter, functionCodeBlockSetter, _llint_entry_osr_function_for_construct_arityCheck, _llint_trace_arityCheck_for_construct)
    functionArityCheck(.functionForConstructBegin, _llint_slow_path_construct_arityCheck)

# Value-representation-specific code.
if JSVALUE64
    include LowLevelInterpreter64
else
    include LowLevelInterpreter32_64
end

# Value-representation-agnostic code.
_llint_op_new_array:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_new_array)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_new_array_with_size:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_new_array_with_size)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_new_array_buffer:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_new_array_buffer)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_new_regexp:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_new_regexp)
    dispatch(3)

_llint_op_less:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_less)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_lesseq:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_lesseq)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_greater:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_greater)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_greatereq:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_greatereq)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_mod:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_mod)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_typeof:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_typeof)
    dispatch(3)

_llint_op_is_object:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_is_object)
    dispatch(3)

_llint_op_is_function:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_is_function)
    dispatch(3)

_llint_op_in:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_in)
    dispatch(4)

macro getPutToBaseOperationField(scratch, scratch1, fieldOffset, fieldGetter)
    loadpFromInstruction(4, scratch)
    fieldGetter(fieldOffset[scratch])
end

macro moveJSValueFromRegisterWithoutProfiling(value, destBuffer, destOffsetReg)
    storeq value, [destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
end

macro moveJSValueFromRegistersWithoutProfiling(tag, payload, destBuffer, destOffsetReg)
    storei tag, TagOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
    storei payload, PayloadOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
end

macro putToBaseVariableBody(variableOffset, scratch1, scratch2, scratch3)
    loadisFromInstruction(1, scratch1)
    loadp PayloadOffset[cfr, scratch1, 8], scratch1
    loadp JSVariableObject::m_registers[scratch1], scratch1
    loadisFromInstruction(3, scratch2)
    if JSVALUE64
        loadConstantOrVariable(scratch2, scratch3)
        moveJSValueFromRegisterWithoutProfiling(scratch3, scratch1, variableOffset)
    else
        loadConstantOrVariable2Reg(scratch2, scratch3, scratch2) # scratch3=tag, scratch2=payload
        moveJSValueFromRegistersWithoutProfiling(scratch3, scratch2, scratch1, variableOffset)
    end
end

_llint_op_put_to_base_variable:
    traceExecution()
    getPutToBaseOperationField(t0, t1, PutToBaseOperation::m_offset, macro(addr)
                                              loadis  addr, t0
                                          end)
    putToBaseVariableBody(t0, t1, t2, t3)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_put_to_base:
    traceExecution()
    getPutToBaseOperationField(t0, t1, 0, macro(addr)
                                              leap addr, t0
                                              bbneq PutToBaseOperation::m_kindAsUint8[t0], PutToBaseOperationKindVariablePut, .notPutToBaseVariable
                                              loadis PutToBaseOperation::m_offset[t0], t0
                                              putToBaseVariableBody(t0, t1, t2, t3)
                                              dispatch(5)
                                              .notPutToBaseVariable:
                                          end)
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_put_to_base)
    dispatch(5)

macro getResolveOperation(resolveOperationIndex, dest)
    loadpFromInstruction(resolveOperationIndex, dest)
    loadp VectorBufferOffset[dest], dest
end

macro getScope(loadInitialScope, scopeCount, dest, scratch)
    loadInitialScope(dest)
    loadi scopeCount, scratch

    btiz scratch, .done
.loop:
    loadp JSScope::m_next[dest], dest
    subi 1, scratch
    btinz scratch, .loop

.done:
end

macro moveJSValue(sourceBuffer, sourceOffsetReg, destBuffer, destOffsetReg, profileOffset, scratchRegister)
    if JSVALUE64
        loadq [sourceBuffer, sourceOffsetReg, 8], scratchRegister
        storeq scratchRegister, [destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
        loadpFromInstruction(profileOffset, destOffsetReg)
        valueProfile(scratchRegister, destOffsetReg)
    else
        loadi PayloadOffset[sourceBuffer, sourceOffsetReg, 8], scratchRegister
        storei scratchRegister, PayloadOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
        loadi TagOffset[sourceBuffer, sourceOffsetReg, 8], sourceOffsetReg
        storei sourceOffsetReg, TagOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
        loadpFromInstruction(profileOffset, destOffsetReg)
        valueProfile(sourceOffsetReg, scratchRegister, destOffsetReg)
    end
end

macro moveJSValueFromSlot(slot, destBuffer, destOffsetReg, profileOffset, scratchRegister)
    if JSVALUE64
        loadq [slot], scratchRegister
        storeq scratchRegister, [destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
        loadpFromInstruction(profileOffset, destOffsetReg)
        valueProfile(scratchRegister, destOffsetReg)
    else
        loadi PayloadOffset[slot], scratchRegister
        storei scratchRegister, PayloadOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
        loadi TagOffset[slot], slot
        storei slot, TagOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
        loadpFromInstruction(profileOffset, destOffsetReg)
        valueProfile(slot, scratchRegister, destOffsetReg)
    end
end

macro moveJSValueFromRegister(value, destBuffer, destOffsetReg, profileOffset)
    storeq value, [destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
    loadpFromInstruction(profileOffset, destOffsetReg)
    valueProfile(value, destOffsetReg)
end

macro moveJSValueFromRegisters(tag, payload, destBuffer, destOffsetReg, profileOffset)
    storei tag, TagOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
    storei payload, PayloadOffset[destBuffer, destOffsetReg, 8]
    loadpFromInstruction(profileOffset, destOffsetReg)
    valueProfile(tag, payload, destOffsetReg)
end

_llint_op_resolve_global_property:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(3, t0)
    loadp CodeBlock[cfr], t1
    loadp CodeBlock::m_globalObject[t1], t1
    loadp ResolveOperation::m_structure[t0], t2
    bpneq JSCell::m_structure[t1], t2, .llint_op_resolve_local
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_offset[t0], t0
    if JSVALUE64
        loadPropertyAtVariableOffsetKnownNotInline(t0, t1, t2)
        loadisFromInstruction(1, t0)
        moveJSValueFromRegister(t2, cfr, t0, 4)
    else
        loadPropertyAtVariableOffsetKnownNotInline(t0, t1, t2, t3)
        loadisFromInstruction(1, t0)
        moveJSValueFromRegisters(t2, t3, cfr, t0, 4)
    end
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_resolve_global_var:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(3, t0)
    loadp ResolveOperation::m_registerAddress[t0], t0
    loadisFromInstruction(1, t1)
    moveJSValueFromSlot(t0, cfr, t1, 4, t3)
    dispatch(5)

macro resolveScopedVarBody(resolveOperations)
    # First ResolveOperation is to skip scope chain nodes
    getScope(macro(dest)
                 loadp ScopeChain + PayloadOffset[cfr], dest
             end,
             ResolveOperation::m_scopesToSkip[resolveOperations], t1, t2)
    loadp JSVariableObject::m_registers[t1], t1 # t1 now contains the activation registers

    # Second ResolveOperation tells us what offset to use
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_offset + sizeof ResolveOperation[resolveOperations], t2
    loadisFromInstruction(1, t3)
    moveJSValue(t1, t2, cfr, t3, 4, t0)
end

_llint_op_resolve_scoped_var:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(3, t0)
    resolveScopedVarBody(t0)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_resolve_scoped_var_on_top_scope:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(3, t0)

    # Load destination index
    loadisFromInstruction(1, t3)

    # We know we want the top scope chain entry
    loadp ScopeChain + PayloadOffset[cfr], t1
    loadp JSVariableObject::m_registers[t1], t1 # t1 now contains the activation registers

    # Second ResolveOperation tells us what offset to use
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_offset + sizeof ResolveOperation[t0], t2

    moveJSValue(t1, t2, cfr, t3, 4, t0)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_resolve_scoped_var_with_top_scope_check:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(3, t0)
    # First ResolveOperation tells us what register to check
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_activationRegister[t0], t1

    loadp PayloadOffset[cfr, t1, 8], t1

    getScope(macro(dest)
                 btpz t1, .scopeChainNotCreated
                     loadp JSScope::m_next[t1], dest
                 jmp .done
                 .scopeChainNotCreated:
                     loadp ScopeChain + PayloadOffset[cfr], dest
                 .done:
             end,
             # Second ResolveOperation tells us how many more nodes to skip
             ResolveOperation::m_scopesToSkip + sizeof ResolveOperation[t0], t1, t2)
    loadp JSVariableObject::m_registers[t1], t1 # t1 now contains the activation registers

    # Third operation tells us what offset to use
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_offset + 2 * sizeof ResolveOperation[t0], t2
    loadisFromInstruction(1, t3)
    moveJSValue(t1, t2, cfr, t3, 4, t0)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_resolve:
.llint_op_resolve_local:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(3, t0)
    btpz t0, .noInstructions
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_operation[t0], t1
    bineq t1, ResolveOperationSkipScopes, .notSkipScopes
        resolveScopedVarBody(t0)
        dispatch(5)
.notSkipScopes:
    bineq t1, ResolveOperationGetAndReturnGlobalVar, .notGetAndReturnGlobalVar
        loadp ResolveOperation::m_registerAddress[t0], t0
        loadisFromInstruction(1, t1)
        moveJSValueFromSlot(t0, cfr, t1, 4, t3)
        dispatch(5)
.notGetAndReturnGlobalVar:

.noInstructions:
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_resolve)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_resolve_base_to_global:
    traceExecution()
    loadp CodeBlock[cfr], t1
    loadp CodeBlock::m_globalObject[t1], t1
    loadisFromInstruction(1, t3)
    if JSVALUE64
        moveJSValueFromRegister(t1, cfr, t3, 6)
    else
        move CellTag, t2
        moveJSValueFromRegisters(t2, t1, cfr, t3, 6)
    end
    dispatch(7)

_llint_op_resolve_base_to_global_dynamic:
    jmp _llint_op_resolve_base

_llint_op_resolve_base_to_scope:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(4, t0)
    # First ResolveOperation is to skip scope chain nodes
    getScope(macro(dest)
                 loadp ScopeChain + PayloadOffset[cfr], dest
             end,
             ResolveOperation::m_scopesToSkip[t0], t1, t2)
    loadisFromInstruction(1, t3)
    if JSVALUE64
        moveJSValueFromRegister(t1, cfr, t3, 6)
    else
        move CellTag, t2
        moveJSValueFromRegisters(t2, t1, cfr, t3, 6)
    end
    dispatch(7)

_llint_op_resolve_base_to_scope_with_top_scope_check:
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(4, t0)
    # First ResolveOperation tells us what register to check
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_activationRegister[t0], t1

    loadp PayloadOffset[cfr, t1, 8], t1

    getScope(macro(dest)
                 btpz t1, .scopeChainNotCreated
                     loadp JSScope::m_next[t1], dest
                 jmp .done
                 .scopeChainNotCreated:
                     loadp ScopeChain + PayloadOffset[cfr], dest
                 .done:
             end,
             # Second ResolveOperation tells us how many more nodes to skip
             ResolveOperation::m_scopesToSkip + sizeof ResolveOperation[t0], t1, t2)

    loadisFromInstruction(1, t3)
    if JSVALUE64
        moveJSValueFromRegister(t1, cfr, t3, 6)
    else
        move CellTag, t2
        moveJSValueFromRegisters(t2, t1, cfr, t3, 6)
    end
    dispatch(7)

_llint_op_resolve_base:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_resolve_base)
    dispatch(7)

macro interpretResolveWithBase(opcodeLength, slowPath)
    traceExecution()
    getResolveOperation(4, t0)
    btpz t0, .slowPath

    loadp ScopeChain[cfr], t3
    # Get the base
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_operation[t0], t2

    bineq t2, ResolveOperationSkipScopes, .notSkipScopes
        getScope(macro(dest) move t3, dest end,
                 ResolveOperation::m_scopesToSkip[t0], t1, t2)
        move t1, t3
        addp sizeof ResolveOperation, t0, t0
        jmp .haveCorrectScope

    .notSkipScopes:

    bineq t2, ResolveOperationSkipTopScopeNode, .notSkipTopScopeNode
        loadis ResolveOperation::m_activationRegister[t0], t1
        loadp PayloadOffset[cfr, t1, 8], t1

        getScope(macro(dest)
                     btpz t1, .scopeChainNotCreated
                         loadp JSScope::m_next[t1], dest
                     jmp .done
                     .scopeChainNotCreated:
                         loadp ScopeChain + PayloadOffset[cfr], dest
                     .done:
                 end,
                 sizeof ResolveOperation + ResolveOperation::m_scopesToSkip[t0], t1, t2)
        move t1, t3
        # We've handled two opcodes here
        addp 2 * sizeof ResolveOperation, t0, t0

    .notSkipTopScopeNode:

    .haveCorrectScope:

    # t3 now contains the correct Scope
    # t0 contains a pointer to the current ResolveOperation

    loadis ResolveOperation::m_operation[t0], t2
    # t2 contains the next instruction

    loadisFromInstruction(1, t1)
    # t1 now contains the index for the base register

    bineq t2, ResolveOperationSetBaseToScope, .notSetBaseToScope
        if JSVALUE64
            storeq t3, [cfr, t1, 8]
        else
            storei t3, PayloadOffset[cfr, t1, 8]
            storei CellTag, TagOffset[cfr, t1, 8]
        end
        jmp .haveSetBase

    .notSetBaseToScope:

    bineq t2, ResolveOperationSetBaseToUndefined, .notSetBaseToUndefined
        if JSVALUE64
            storeq ValueUndefined, [cfr, t1, 8]
        else
            storei 0, PayloadOffset[cfr, t1, 8]
            storei UndefinedTag, TagOffset[cfr, t1, 8]
        end
        jmp .haveSetBase

    .notSetBaseToUndefined:
    bineq t2, ResolveOperationSetBaseToGlobal, .slowPath
        loadp JSCell::m_structure[t3], t2
        loadp Structure::m_globalObject[t2], t2
        if JSVALUE64
            storeq t2, [cfr, t1, 8]
        else
            storei t2, PayloadOffset[cfr, t1, 8]
            storei CellTag, TagOffset[cfr, t1, 8]
        end

    .haveSetBase:

    # Get the value

    # Load the operation into t2
    loadis ResolveOperation::m_operation + sizeof ResolveOperation[t0], t2

    # Load the index for the value register into t1
    loadisFromInstruction(2, t1)

    bineq t2, ResolveOperationGetAndReturnScopedVar, .notGetAndReturnScopedVar
        loadp JSVariableObject::m_registers[t3], t3 # t3 now contains the activation registers

        # Second ResolveOperation tells us what offset to use
        loadis ResolveOperation::m_offset + sizeof ResolveOperation[t0], t2
        moveJSValue(t3, t2, cfr, t1, opcodeLength - 1, t0)
        dispatch(opcodeLength)

    .notGetAndReturnScopedVar:
    bineq t2, ResolveOperationGetAndReturnGlobalProperty, .slowPath
        callSlowPath(slowPath)
        dispatch(opcodeLength)

.slowPath:
    callSlowPath(slowPath)
    dispatch(opcodeLength)
end

_llint_op_resolve_with_base:
    interpretResolveWithBase(7, _llint_slow_path_resolve_with_base)

_llint_op_resolve_with_this:
    interpretResolveWithBase(6, _llint_slow_path_resolve_with_this)

macro withInlineStorage(object, propertyStorage, continuation)
    # Indicate that the object is the property storage, and that the
    # property storage register is unused.
    continuation(object, propertyStorage)
end

macro withOutOfLineStorage(object, propertyStorage, continuation)
    loadp JSObject::m_butterfly[object], propertyStorage
    # Indicate that the propertyStorage register now points to the
    # property storage, and that the object register may be reused
    # if the object pointer is not needed anymore.
    continuation(propertyStorage, object)
end

_llint_op_del_by_id:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_del_by_id)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_del_by_val:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_del_by_val)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_put_by_index:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_put_by_index)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_put_getter_setter:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_put_getter_setter)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_op_jtrue:
    traceExecution()
    jumpTrueOrFalse(
        macro (value, target) btinz value, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jtrue)

_llint_op_jfalse:
    traceExecution()
    jumpTrueOrFalse(
        macro (value, target) btiz value, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jfalse)

_llint_op_jless:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bilt left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdlt left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jless)

_llint_op_jnless:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bigteq left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdgtequn left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jnless)

_llint_op_jgreater:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bigt left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdgt left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jgreater)

_llint_op_jngreater:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bilteq left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdltequn left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jngreater)

_llint_op_jlesseq:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bilteq left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdlteq left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jlesseq)

_llint_op_jnlesseq:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bigt left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdgtun left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jnlesseq)

_llint_op_jgreatereq:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bigteq left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdgteq left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jgreatereq)

_llint_op_jngreatereq:
    traceExecution()
    compare(
        macro (left, right, target) bilt left, right, target end,
        macro (left, right, target) bdltun left, right, target end,
        _llint_slow_path_jngreatereq)

_llint_op_loop_hint:
    traceExecution()
    loadp JITStackFrame::vm[sp], t1
    loadb VM::watchdog+Watchdog::m_timerDidFire[t1], t0
    btbnz t0, .handleWatchdogTimer
.afterWatchdogTimerCheck:
    checkSwitchToJITForLoop()
    dispatch(1)
.handleWatchdogTimer:
    callWatchdogTimerHandler(.throwHandler)
    jmp .afterWatchdogTimerCheck
.throwHandler:
    jmp _llint_throw_from_slow_path_trampoline

_llint_op_switch_string:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_switch_string)
    dispatch(0)

_llint_op_new_func_exp:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_new_func_exp)
    dispatch(3)

_llint_op_call:
    traceExecution()
    arrayProfileForCall()
    doCall(_llint_slow_path_call)

_llint_op_construct:
    traceExecution()
    doCall(_llint_slow_path_construct)

_llint_op_call_varargs:
    traceExecution()
    slowPathForCall(6, _llint_slow_path_call_varargs)

_llint_op_call_eval:
    traceExecution()

    # Eval is executed in one of two modes:
    #
    # 1) We find that we're really invoking eval() in which case the
    #    execution is perfomed entirely inside the slow_path, and it
    #    returns the PC of a function that just returns the return value
    #    that the eval returned.
    #
    # 2) We find that we're invoking something called eval() that is not
    #    the real eval. Then the slow_path returns the PC of the thing to
    #    call, and we call it.
    #
    # This allows us to handle two cases, which would require a total of
    # up to four pieces of state that cannot be easily packed into two
    # registers (C functions can return up to two registers, easily):
    #
    # - The call frame register. This may or may not have been modified
    #   by the slow_path, but the convention is that it returns it. It's not
    #   totally clear if that's necessary, since the cfr is callee save.
    #   But that's our style in this here interpreter so we stick with it.
    #
    # - A bit to say if the slow_path successfully executed the eval and has
    #   the return value, or did not execute the eval but has a PC for us
    #   to call.
    #
    # - Either:
    #   - The JS return value (two registers), or
    #
    #   - The PC to call.
    #
    # It turns out to be easier to just always have this return the cfr
    # and a PC to call, and that PC may be a dummy thunk that just
    # returns the JS value that the eval returned.

    slowPathForCall(4, _llint_slow_path_call_eval)

_llint_generic_return_point:
    dispatchAfterCall()

_llint_op_strcat:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_strcat)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_get_pnames:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_get_pnames)
    dispatch(0) # The slow_path either advances the PC or jumps us to somewhere else.

_llint_op_push_with_scope:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_push_with_scope)
    dispatch(2)

_llint_op_pop_scope:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_pop_scope)
    dispatch(1)

_llint_op_push_name_scope:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_push_name_scope)
    dispatch(4)

_llint_op_throw:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_throw)
    dispatch(2)

_llint_op_throw_static_error:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_throw_static_error)
    dispatch(3)

_llint_op_profile_will_call:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_profile_will_call)
    dispatch(2)

_llint_op_profile_did_call:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_profile_did_call)
    dispatch(2)

_llint_op_debug:
    traceExecution()
    callSlowPath(_llint_slow_path_debug)
    dispatch(5)

_llint_native_call_trampoline:
    nativeCallTrampoline(NativeExecutable::m_function)

_llint_native_construct_trampoline:
    nativeCallTrampoline(NativeExecutable::m_constructor)

# Lastly, make sure that we can link even though we don't support all opcodes.
# These opcodes should never arise when using LLInt or either JIT. We assert
# as much.

macro notSupported()
    if ASSERT_ENABLED
        crash()
    else
        # We should use whatever the smallest possible instruction is, just to
        # ensure that there is a gap between instruction labels. If multiple
        # smallest instructions exist, we should pick the one that is most
        # likely result in execution being halted. Currently that is the break
        # instruction on all architectures we're interested in. (Break is int3
        # on Intel, which is 1 byte, and bkpt on ARMv7, which is 2 bytes.)
        break
    end
end

_llint_op_get_by_id_chain:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_custom_chain:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_custom_proto:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_custom_self:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_generic:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_getter_chain:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_getter_proto:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_getter_self:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_proto:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_by_id_self:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_get_string_length:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_put_by_id_generic:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_put_by_id_replace:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_put_by_id_transition:
    notSupported()

_llint_op_init_global_const_nop:
    dispatch(5)

# Indicate the end of LLInt.
_llint_end:
    crash()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub