text:
\section*{Introduction}

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has become one of the most
basic tools for the manipulation of matter at the atomic scale.
Although this experimental technique has reached maturity, the
detailed theoretical understanding of experimental data is still
incomplete and/or contradictory. One of the most famous examples
of atomic manipulation is associated with the surface Kondo effect
observed when transition metal ions (like Co) are placed on a
metallic surface (such as Cu $(111)$) \cite{Madhavan98,jli_98}.
The surface Kondo effect is the basis for the observation of
surprising phenomena like quantum mirages \cite{coral}, and has
attracted a lot of attention and interest in the last few years.
Early interpretations of these observations were based on the
assumption that only surface states of Cu $(111)$ are involved in
the scattering of electron waves by the Co adatoms
\cite{Fiete03,Agam00,Porras01}. However, later experiments with Co
atoms on the Cu (100) surface (that does not have any surface
state) \cite{Knorr02}, or in Cu (111) but close to atomic surface
steps (that affect the surface states) \cite{LimotCM} have
indicated that bulk rather than surface states are responsible for
the Kondo effect in these situations. The latter can be important
for fine tuning of surface electronic structure, with potential
applications to nanotechnology. A recent study of CoCu$_n$
clusters on Cu (111) demonstrated this tunablilty by atomic
manipulation and showed that each atom in the vicinity of the magnetic
impurity matters for determining the Kondo effect \cite{Neel}.
Moreover, the relevance of the Kondo effect for the electronic
structure of metal surfaces themselves was demonstrated by the
discovery of a sharp density of states peak on the Cr $(001)$
surface and its possible interpretation as an orbital Kondo
resonance \cite{Cr,Cr1,Cr2}.

At the same time, when calculating the Kondo temperatures for real
electronic structures a mapping onto one-orbital Anderson impurity
model \cite{Jones06} was used. The realistic atomic geometry of Kondo
systems plays a crucial role in complex electronic properies
\cite{Neel,Vitali08} and it is, a priori, not obvious that
a one-orbital Anderson impurity approach is
sufficient: even the two-orbital Anderson model demonstrates
Kondo physics essentially different from the single-orbital one
\cite{Zhuravlev}. A recent theoretical investigation of Fe
impurities in gold and silver showed that the proper Kondo model
corresponds to a S=3/2 spin state\cite{Costi09}. A realistic,
multi-band consideration of correlation effects in specific solids
is possible in the framework of the Local Density Approximation +
Dynamical
Mean-Field Theory (LDA+DMFT) approach (for review, see Ref. %
\onlinecite{KotSavr06}). However, formally accurate Quantum Monte Carlo
(QMC) calculations are always done with taking into account only the diagonal
part of Coulomb interaction \cite{KatLi00,LLSr2RuO4}, even with realistic
hybridization functions obtained in the LDA. This approximation is, strictly
speaking, uncontrollable. At the same time, approximate schemes working with
the complete Coulomb interaction matrix, such as the perturbative scheme
\cite{SPTF} which is frequently used to calculate electronic structure of
transition metals and alloys \cite{KKR,DiMarco} are not sufficient to
reproduce so subtle correlation features like the Kondo effect, properly. As
for the exact diagonalization \cite{Cr,Cr1} or numerical renormalization
group \cite{Cr1,Zhuravlev,Bulla} methods they are hardly applicable, due to
computational problems, for more than two orbitals per impurity.

The recent progress in continuous time QMC scheme (CT-QMC)
\cite{ctqmc,hybrqmc} makes it perspective to treat the complicated
Kondo systems \cite{triangle}. Here we will apply this method to
calculate Kondo temperatures as well as spectral functions for the
case of a Co impurity in bulk Cu, in a Cu $(111)$ surface and on top
of a Cu $(111)$ surface. In contrast with all previous calculations
we will work with an accurate complete Coulomb interaction
$U$-matrix for correlated $d$ orbitals.
The latter can be calculated from first principles in
a parameter-free way by the GW technique \cite{GW} so this
approach is completely \textit{ab initio}. Moreover, the CT-QMC
method allows to work, without any essential difficulties, even
with the rigorous frequency-dependent $U$-matrix. As the first
step, we present calculations for the static $U$-matrix, but this
restriction is purely technical and can be relatively easily
removed in the future, with a growth of available computer
resources.

\section{Multi-orbital CT-QMC formalism}

The multi-orbital impurity problem with a general $U$-matrix is described by
the effective action
\begin{eqnarray}  \label{Sinit}
S_{imp}=&&S_{0}+S_{int}  \nonumber \\
=&&-\sum_{ij\sigma }\int_{0}^{\beta }\int_{0}^{\beta }{\mathcal{G}}%
_{ij}^{-1}(\tau -\tau ^{\prime })c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{j\sigma
}d\tau
d\tau ^{\prime }  \nonumber \\
&&+\frac{1}{2}\sum_{ijkl\sigma \sigma ^{\prime }}\int_{0}^{\beta
}U_{ijkl}c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{j\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger
}c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}c_{l\sigma }d\tau
\end{eqnarray}
where $i,j,k,l$ are orbital indices, and $\sigma ,\sigma ^{\prime }$ are spin
indices, ${\mathcal{G}}_{ij}$ is the local non-interacting Green function
for correlated orbitals obtained from the Density Functional Theory (DFT)
with the help of optimal projection operator to the impurity d-states:
\begin{equation}
 {\mathcal{G}}_{ij}(i\omega _{n})=\sum_{n\mathbf{k}}\frac{\left\langle
d_{i}|\psi _{n\mathbf{k}}\right\rangle \left\langle \psi _{n\mathbf{k}%
}|d_{j}\right\rangle }{i\omega _{n}+\mu -\varepsilon _{n\mathbf{k}}}; \label{eqn:G0}
\end{equation}
here $\varepsilon _{n\mathbf{k}}$ is the energy spectrum and $\psi _{n%
\mathbf{k}}$ is the corresponding wave function of our system (metal host
with magnetic impurity), described by $d_{i}$ localized orbitals, and $%
U_{ijkl}$ is the Coulomb interaction matrix element:
\begin{equation}
U_{ijkl}=\left\langle i_{1}j_{2}\left| V_{12}^{ee}\right|
k_{2}l_{1}\right\rangle   \label{Umat}
\end{equation}
here $i_{1}\equiv d_{i}\left( \mathbf{r}_{1}\right) $ is local orthogonal
wave function for correlated orbitals and\ $V_{12}^{ee}$ is screened
spin-independent Coulomb interaction between electrons at the coordinates $%
\mathbf{r}_{1}$ and $\mathbf{r}_{2}$. We used standard quasiatomic
LDA+U parametrization of Coulomb matrix for d-electron via
effective Slater integarls or average Coulomb parameter U and
exchange parameter J as described in Ref.\onlinecite{LDAU}. We
choose the orbital basis related to spherical harmonics to be sure
that magnetic orbital
quantum numbers in $U_{ijkl}$ matrix are satisfied the following sum rule: $%
i+j=k+l$. In this case we will get rid of so-called three-site terms like $%
U_{ikkl}$ with $i\neq l$ which turns out to result in a strong
sign problem in QMC calculations with real spherical harmonics.

Following the general CT-QMC scheme \cite{ctqmc} we expand the partition
function around the Gaussian part of our multiorbital action Eq.(\ref{Sinit})
which gives the fermionic determinant over the non-interacting Green
functions with the rank $2n$:

\begin{widetext}

\begin{equation}
\frac{Z}{Z_{0}}=\sum_{n}\frac{(-1)^{n}}{n!2^{n}}\sum_{\{ijkl\sigma \sigma
^{\prime }\}}\int_{0}^{\beta }d\tau _{1}...\int_{0}^{\beta }d\tau
_{n}U_{i_{1}j_{1}k_{1}l_{1}}...U_{i_{n}j_{n}k_{n}l_{n}}\det {\mathcal{G}}%
^{2n\times 2n}  \label{Zexp}
\end{equation}

\end{widetext}

In order to minimize the number of different interaction vertices we group
different matrix elements of the multiorbital Coulomb interactions which
have a similar structure of fermionic operators. Since the $U_{ijkl}$ matrix
elements are spin independent,
one should look over all possible combinations of
orbital and spin indices,
to generate all terms for the interaction in
the action Eq.(\ref{Sinit}).
Some combinations can violate the Pauli principle
and should be removed. For CT-QMC algorithm it is useful to
represent the interaction Hamiltonian in the following form: $%
U_{ijkl}c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma }c_{j\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger
}c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}$.

The interaction terms can be transformed to the desired form, depending on
relations between spin and orbital indices:

(i) if $\sigma \neq \sigma ^{\prime }$, we can just commute $c_{l\sigma }$
and $c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}$ and then $c_{l\sigma }$ and $c_{j\sigma
^{\prime }}^{\dagger }$. Another combination of indices, that allows the
same commutation, is the following: $\sigma =\sigma ^{\prime }$, $i\neq j$
and $k\neq l$ (the latter two are following from the Pauli principle), and also $%
j\neq l$. These terms we can transform to the following desirable
representation:

\begin{equation}
H_{ijkl}^{int1}=U_{ijkl}c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma
}c_{j\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger }c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}.
\label{sym1}
\end{equation}
\ \

(ii) in the case when $\sigma =\sigma ^{\prime }$ and $j=l$ \ we can commute
$c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}$ and $c_{j\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger }$, since in
this case $i\neq j$ and $k\neq l$ due to the Pauli principle:

\begin{equation}
H_{ijkl}^{int2}=-U_{ijkl}c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{k\sigma
}c_{j\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma }  \label{sym2}
\end{equation}

After generating all this terms it is
useful to collect and \textit{symmetrize} all the terms with identical
and equivalent (i.e. $U_{ijkl}c_{i\sigma
}^{\dagger }c_{j\sigma }c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma ^{\prime
}}$ and $U_{klij}c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma ^{\prime
}}c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{j\sigma }$)
quantum numbers.
\newline

In order to reduce the fermionic sign problem we introduce additional
parameters, $\alpha $, to optimize the splitting of the Gaussian and
interaction parts of the action Eq.(\ref{Sinit})

\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&S_{0}=\sum_{ij\sigma }\int_{0}^{\beta }\int_{0}^{\beta }\left( -{\mathcal{G%
}}_{ij}^{-1}(\tau -\tau ^{\prime })+\frac{1}{2}\sum_{\{kl\sigma ^{\prime
}\}}\alpha _{kl}^{\sigma ^{\prime }}(U_{ilkj}+U_{lijk})\delta _{\tau \tau
^{\prime }}\right) c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{j\sigma }d\tau d\tau ^{\prime
}~,  \label{S0m} \\
&&S_{int}=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{\{ijkl\sigma \sigma ^{\prime }\}}\int_{0}^{\beta
}U_{ijkl}(c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma }-\alpha _{il}^{\sigma
})(c_{j\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger }c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}-\alpha
_{jk}^{\sigma ^{\prime }})d\tau .  \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
\end{widetext}

One can see, that the first item in (\ref{S0m}) on Matsubara
frequences corresponds to bare Green's function
\begin{equation}
{\mathcal{G}}_{ij}^{-1}=\left( i\omega _{n}+\mu \right) \delta _{ij}-\Delta
_{ij}(\omega _{n})  \label{G00}
\end{equation}
where $\Delta $ is the hybridization matrix. The second term is just a
constant which we can absorb to the new chemical potential $\tilde{\mu}$.
Therefore we can rewrite the bare Green function in the following matrix
form:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{\mathcal{G}}^{-1}=\left( i\omega _{n}+\tilde{\mu}\right) \mathbf{1}-%
\mathbf{\Delta },  \label{G0}
\end{equation}
The optimal choice of parameters $\alpha _{ij}^{\sigma }$ would lead to
effective reduction of interaction terms in the action Eq. (\ref{S0m}) and
therefore minimization of average perturbation order in Eq. (\ref{Zexp}).

Note that relation between $\tilde{\mathcal{G}}$ and ${\mathcal{G}}$ can be
represented from Eq. (\ref{S0m}) in the following spin and orbital matrix
form:
\begin{equation}
\tilde{\mathcal{G}}^{-1}={\mathcal{G}}^{-1}-\left\langle \widehat{\alpha }%
\hat{U}\right\rangle .  \label{G0m}
\end{equation}
Here we used the fact that $U_{ilkj}=U_{lijk}$ following from the definition
of the Coulomb matrix elements (\ref{Umat}).

We also need to minimize the fermionic sign problem which finally leads us to
such expression for diagonal alpha parameters
\begin{equation}
\alpha _{\sigma }^{ii}+\alpha _{\sigma ^{\prime }}^{jj}=\bar{\alpha},
\label{Alph_diag}
\end{equation}
corresponding to to the following interaction fields $U_{ijji}n_{i\sigma }n_{j\sigma ^{\prime
}}$. The
$\bar{\alpha}$ has to be found iteratively in order to get a proper
occupation number of correlated electrons. In the case of half-filled
one-band Hubbard model $\bar{\alpha}=1$ leads to the correct chemical
potential shift of the $\frac{U}{2}$ and average $\alpha =\frac{1}{2}$ which
corresponds to the Hartree-Fock substraction.
For non-diagonal alpha's which correspond to the fields of general
form $U_{ijkl}c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma }c_{j\sigma ^{\prime
}}^{\dagger }c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}$, where $i\neq l$ and $j\neq k$ we find
the following optimal condition:
\begin{equation}
\alpha _{\sigma }^{ij}+\alpha _{\sigma ^{\prime }}^{kl}=0  \label{Alph_nd}
\end{equation}

Since we symmetrize the interaction $U$ matrix it is necessary to
extend the definition of the ${\hat{\alpha}}$ \ matrix to
keep all the terms in the interaction part of initial action ( the
last item in Eq. (\ref{S0m})). It can be done in the following way
\cite{ctqmc,Assaad07}: for every $U_{ijkl}$ field in $50\%$ of
updates we deliver the $\alpha $ parameters as \newline $\alpha
^{il}=\alpha _{diag}$, $\alpha ^{jk}=\bar{\alpha}-\alpha _{diag}$,
and in another $50\%$ as
$\alpha ^{il}=\bar{\alpha}-\alpha _{diag}$, $\alpha ^{jk}=\alpha _{diag}$
for the case of $i=l$ and $j=k$. For non-diagonal fields, i.e. $i\neq l$ and
$j\neq k$
$\alpha ^{il}=\alpha _{nd}$, $\alpha ^{jk}=-\alpha _{nd}$,
with $50\%$ probablility and
$\alpha ^{il}=-\alpha _{nd}$, $\alpha ^{jk}=\alpha _{nd}$
otherwise. It was found that the sign problem is eliminated in the case when
$\alpha _{diag}<0$ and ${\bar{\alpha}}\geq 1$ for occupancy $n\geq \frac{1}{2%
}$ per
 state
and $\alpha _{diag}>0$, ${\bar{\alpha}}<1$ otherwise. The
optimal choice of $\left| \alpha _{diag}\right| $ parameter is few percent
of $\left| \bar{\alpha}\right| $ to keep minimal average perturbation order.
Another problem is a proper choice of non-diagonal $\alpha _{nd}$ parameter.
It is easy to see that $\alpha _{nd}$ is proportional to acceptance
probability of non-diagonal field in the case where
corresponding bare Green function
$%
{\mathcal{G}}_{jk}=0$. Since these processes are unphysical, the
natural choice is $\alpha _{nd}=0$. But it leads to division
by zero in the updating the inverse Green function matrix
\cite{ctqmc}. On the other hand increasing the $\alpha _{nd}$
parameter causes a sign problem. We find a reasonable choice of
$\alpha _{nd}$ to be on the order of $10^{-4}$. Moreover for some
special cases like the atomic limit, where
${\mathcal{G}}_{mm}(\tau )$
is constant,
a small noise should be added to
all the $\alpha $ parameters to avoid numerical divergency.

\section{Results}

The Co-Cu system is treated as five-orbital impurity model
representing $3d$ electronic shell of the cobalt atom hybridized
with a bath of a conduction Cu electrons. The bath Green function
was obtained using the first-principle density-functional theory
within the supercell approach. For Co impurity atoms in the bulk
as well as in / on the Cu (111) surface the bath Green functions
were obtained using the Vienna-Ab-Initio simulation package
(VASP)\cite{gkr_94,gkr_99} using the projector augmented wave
(PAW) basis sets\cite{pbl_94}. The density functional calculation
for cobalt impurity in the bulk was carried out using CoCu$_{63}$
supercell structure with lattice constant corresponding to
pure copper. The surfaces were modelled by supercells of Cu (111)
slabs containing 5 Cu layers with $2\times 2$ and $3\times 4$
lateral extension for Co in and on the surface, respectively. The
PAW basis naturally provides the projectors $\left\langle
d_{i}|\psi _{n\mathbf{k}}\right\rangle$ required in Eq.
(\ref{eqn:G0}). In using these PAW projectors, directly, we employ
here the same representation of localized orbitals as used within
the LDA+U-scheme implemented in the VASP-code itself or as
discussed in the context of LDA+DMFT in Ref.
\onlinecite{PAW-DMFT}.

For the problem of a single Co impurity in a bulk copper matrix the basis set of
spherical harmonics $Y_{lm}$ is used. In this basis the interaction part of
the hamiltonian contains only terms of the following form:
diagonal density-density like $H_{int}^{diag}=U_{ijji}n_{i\sigma }n_{j\sigma
^{\prime }}$ , where $n_{i\sigma }=c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{i\sigma }$ and
non-diagonal
$H_{int}^{nd}=U_{ijkl}c_{i\sigma }^{\dagger }c_{j\sigma
^{\prime }}c_{k\sigma ^{\prime }}^{\dagger }c_{l\sigma },$ where $i\neq j$
and $k\neq l$.
The Coulomb matrix for the $d$-electron shell in the basis of complex
harmonics contains 45 non-equivalent diagonal terms.
Non-diagonal terms can be further classified to a spin-flips, where $i=l$, $%
j=k$ and the most general four-orbitals interactions, where this condition
is not fulfilled. Notice, that pair-hopping terms ($i=k$, $j=l$) are
restricted by symmetry in this basis. In
description of $d$-electron shell
we have to involve 20 non-equivalent spin-flips and 64 terms of the most
general form.

To find the effects, caused by non-diagonal terms,
we used two different interaction Hamiltonian.
First,
interaction with only diagonal terms
was used. In this case there is no sign problem.
Then, the complete Coulomb interaction matrix of the $3d$-electron shell of the
cobalt atom with 129 terms was included.\newline

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{fig1.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{(color online) Comparison with ED in the atomic limit (without
hybridisation to the bath of free electrons). Main graph: $U=1$
eV, $J=0.4$ eV $\beta =2$ eV$^{-1}$, for 5-orbital impurity at
half-filling; inset: $U=2$ eV, $J=0.7$ eV, $\beta =3.7$ eV$^{-1}$,
\ for 5-orbital impurity with 8 electrons.} \label{TBvsED}
\end{figure}

As a benchmark we use impurity problem in the atomic limit,
since it can be compared with the result of exact diagonalization (ED) method.
The results imaginary time Green function for 5-orbitals
model with different chemical potentials corresponding to the $d^{5}$
and $d^{8}$ configurations are shown
in the Fig. \ref{TBvsED} in comparison with ED results.
The significant difference between density-density
(diagonal)
interaction and the full vertex
can be found both at half-field case with relatively high
temperature with the $U=1$ $eV$, $J=0.4$ $eV$, $\beta=2$ $eV^{-1}$
and at non-symmetric case even for lower temperature. Note that in
the $d^{8}$ and $d^{7}$ cases the many-body ground-state have
different symmetry for diagonal interactions
and non-diagonal full vertex.
The results for $d^{8}$ configuration with the interaction parameters $U=2$ $%
eV$, $J=0.7$ $eV$, $\beta=3.7$ $eV^{-1}$ are shown
in the insert to the Fig. \ref{TBvsED}.
The difference between Green function of the interacting system
with full Coulomb interaction and density-density one is visible on the $%
G(\tau)$. We find a very good agreement between CT-QMC results and ED
solution.

In the inset of Fig. \ref{hist} we show the distribution of
non-diagonal terms, i.e. the contribution of Coulomb fields of the
form (\ref {sym1}) to the resulting Green function. The zero entry
of this histogram counts the number of steps when all the fields
contributing to the fermionic determinant (\ref{Zexp}) were of
density-density type. The entry with index $2$ show us the number
of steps where the average (\ref{Zexp}) was containing two
spin-flip type fields (\ref{sym1}). Such situation takes
place, for example, when one Coulomb field representing spin-flip $%
c_{i\uparrow }^{\dagger }c_{j\downarrow }c_{i\downarrow }^{\dagger
}c_{j\uparrow }$ process was used to construct the determinant.

One can see in the insert of the Fig. \ref{hist}, that only even orders of
interaction histogram have large acceptance probability at high temperature
and even the tenth order in non-diagonal interactions has non-zero contribution.
The 3-rd and 5-th order contributions exists due to the finite $\alpha^{nd}$ parameter.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{fig2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{(color online) Histograms of Monte-Carlo distributions for average
perturbation order. Main graph: $U=4$ eV, $J=0.7$ eV, $\beta=10$
eV$^{-1}$ for 5-orbital impurity coupled to realistic Cu-bath with
7 electrons; inset: $U=4$ eV, $J=0.7$ eV, $beta =1$ eV$^{-1}$ in
the case of 5-orbital impurity model, coupled to semi-elliptical
bath with bandwidth $W=0.5$ eV at the half-filling} \label{hist}
\end{figure}
\

Typical distribution of the perturbation order (5-orbital AIM with
$7$ electrons, $U=4$ $eV$, $J=0.7$ $eV$, $\beta=10$ $eV^{-1}$) is
shown in
Fig. \ref{hist}, main plot. Dash line denotes the
perturbation order during accepted steps that involved
non-diagonal fields. The coincidence of distributions maxima of
both histograms demonstrate that the acceptance rate mostly
depends on diagonal interactions.

For many-body calculations of the Co impurity in the Cu matrix we need to find the
effective $d$-orbital chemical potential which defines the number of
3d-electrons of cobalt. The particular electronic configuration of a Co atom
in a copper matrix is unknown, but the DFT results ($n_{d}=7.3$) give us an
evidence that it is close to $d^{7}$ configuration. Therefore we performed
all impurity calculations for cobalt  $d^{7}$ configuration.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{fig3.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{(color online) Total DOS of 3d orbital of Co atom embedded in Cu matrix.
Model parameters: $U=4$ eV, $J=0.7$ eV, $\beta =10$ eV$^{-1}$ for
5-orbital impurity with 7 electrons.} \label{doses5b}
\end{figure}

The results of the CT-QMC calculations for $U=4$ eV and $J=0.7$ eV are
presented
in  Fig.{\ref{doses5b}}
compared to the bare
impurity density of states for cobalt impurity in the bulk. There
is a pronounced difference between Kondo-like resonance near the
Fermi level.In the case of full $U$-vertex
it becomes more narrow and
located much closer to the Fermi level. The sign problem for
realistic five-band model depends crucially on the symmetry of
coulomb Vertex $U_{ijkl}$ and
magnitude of non-diagonal terms
in the bath Green functions ${\mathcal{G}}_{ij}$. The most serious
problem is related with non-diagonal terms of U-matrix, therefore
we use a basis of complex spherical harmonics. In this case there
is no so-called three-cite terms or correlated hopping, e.g.
$U_{ikkl}$.
On the other hand, in this basis, the bath Green-function matrix
${\mathcal{G}}_{ij}$ for d-electrons has two non-diagonal elements
in the bulk of cubic crystals and much more on the surface and in
the first layer. Moreover there are lot of small four-site terms
$U_{ijkl}$ which result in a large sign problem for surface-adatom
calculations. The sign problem for a Co impurity in the
bulk is not large and average sign is between 0.90 and 0.97
depends on the simulation temperature.

In the case of non-diagonal interaction we used so-called cluster
steps which correspond to complex
Monte-Carlo updates with more
than one additional interaction field. This scheme became
essential for spin-flip like interaction or more general U-vertex
which can contribute to the Green-function only in the second or
higher order ''diagammatic'' expansion and this can let the
Monte-Carlo process to explore all the phase space. We note that
probability of non-diagonal terms drastically decrease with
increasing the hybridization to the bath.
Nevertheless, at least
for three-band benchmarks we found remarkable effect
of the spin-flip terms if the bath Green function has
peaks in the vicinity of the Fermi level on the distance of the
order of $J$.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{fig4.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{(color online)Total DOS of 3d orbital of Co atom embedded in the bulk
of Cu, into 1-st layer and Co-adatom on the Cu(111) surface. Model
parameters: $U =4$ eV, $J =0.7$ eV, $\protect\beta =10$ eV$^{-1}$ for
5-orbital impurity with 7 electrons.} \label{3DOS}
\end{figure}
\bigskip

We estimated the renormalization factor $Z= (1-d\Sigma/dE)^{-1}$
for $U=4.5$ eV, $J=0.7$ eV and $\beta =10$ eV$^{-1}$ and find
$Z_{t_{2g}}=0.5$ and $Z_{e_{g}}=0.4$ which
shows the reasonable strong interaction of Co d-electrons. We estimate the
Kondo temperature (T$_{K}$) using the temperature dependence of FWHM for
resonance near Fermi level. Since our simulation temperature is very high
compared to T$_{K}$ we can get only order of magnitude of T$_{K}=0.1$ eV,
which is reasonable for Co-impurity systems.

We also performed the CT-QMC calculation of cobalt impurity on the surface
of Cu(111) and embedded into the first copper layer. In contrast to the bulk
system the surface one has a large sign problem, related with the
relativelly large non-diagonal elements of the bath Green functions.
Although changing of the sign is a very rare event (less then 0.03\% of the
accepted steps) and we used a simple constrained sign calculations.
Comparison of the different spectral functions for the bulk, surface and
fist-layer cobalt impurity is presented in Fig. \ref{3DOS}. One can see
clearly the change of the Kondo resonance width as a function of reduced
dimensionality.

\section*{CONCLUSIONS}

In conclusion, we perform the continuous time QMC calculation of
realistic 5-orbital Co impurity in copper and discuss the
relevance of non-diagonal part of Coulomb matrix in the Kondo
problem. Comparing Figs. \ref{doses5b} and \ref{3DOS} we find that
non-density-density terms in the Coulomb vertex are required to
obtain quantitative predictions of spectral functions and related
properties. The position of the Hubbard peaks and the Kondo peak
is markedly changed by
spin-flips and other non-diagonal terms of the Coulomb vertex. Thus, obtaining
sensitive observables like Kondo temperatures quantitatively
requires accounting for these terms. On the other hand
hybridization effects like bringing the Co impurity from bulk to
the surface and having it on top of the surface can be quite
drastic: As Fig \ref{3DOS} shows, the sharpening of the Kondo
resonance and the shifting of the Hubbard bands is much stronger
when going from bulk to the surface then on switching on the
non-diagonal part of Coulomb matrix. Only the qualitative
overall shape the DOS and its response to strong hybridization changes are
well described by density-density type terms of the Coulomb
vertex.

\section*{ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS}
The authors acknowledge a financial support from DFG SFB-668 (Germany)
RFFI (Russia) and FOM (The Netherlands).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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@Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy= GenerationType.AUTO, generator = "machine_groups_seq")
    @SequenceGenerator(name = "machine_groups_seq", allocationSize = 1, initialValue = 2)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private long id;
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.MERGE)
    @JoinTable(name = "machine_groups_to_versions",
            joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "machine_group_id"),
            inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "version_id"))
    @JsonManagedReference(value="machineGroups-versions")
    private Set<Version> versions = new HashSet<>();
@ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @JoinTable(name = "machine_groups_to_tr_types",
            joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "machine_group_id"),
            inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "tr_type_id"))
    private Set<TrType> trTypes = new HashSet<>();
}

Version.java
@Entity
@Table(name="versions")
@Getter
@Setter
public class Version {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO, generator = "versions_seq")
    @SequenceGenerator(name = "versions_seq", allocationSize = 1)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private long id;
    @Column(name = "name", unique = true)
    private String name;
    @Column(name = "creation_time")
    private Date creationTime;
    @Column(name = "exe_file")
    @Lob
    private Blob exeFile;
    @JsonBackReference(value="machineGroups-versions")
    @ManyToMany(mappedBy = "versions", cascade = CascadeType.MERGE)
    private Set<MachineGroup> machineGroups = new HashSet<>();

    public Version(){};

    public Version(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

MachineGroupSerializer.java
public class MachineGroupSerializer extends StdSerializer<MachineGroup> {

    public MachineGroupSerializer() {
        this(null);
    }

    public MachineGroupSerializer(Class<MachineGroup> t) {
        super(t);
    }

@Transactional
    @Override
    public void serialize(MachineGroup machineGroup,
                          JsonGenerator jsonGenerator,
                          SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {

        jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();
        jsonGenerator.writeNumberField("id",machineGroup.getId());
        jsonGenerator.writeObjectField("versions", machineGroup.getVersions().stream().map(Version::getId).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
      jsonGenerator.writeObjectField("trTypes", machineGroup.getTrTypes().stream().map(TrType::getId).collect(Collectors.toSet()));

        jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();
    }
}

TrTypes.java
@Table(name = "tr_types", indexes = {
        @Index(name = "tr_types_type_name_uindex", columnList = "type_name", unique = true)
})
@Entity
@AllArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PUBLIC)
@NoArgsConstructor
public class TrType {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "type_name", nullable = false)
    private String typeName;
}

I put the JsonManagedReference and JsonBackReference so I won't have infinite loop calling one another, not sure if it's causing any issues.
Calling the getTrTypes() function works but has the EAGER fetchType which I do not want to add to the versions collection.
What can cause this lazy exception to occur and how can I prevent it?
Also the function calling the serialzier within my MachineGroupService has the @Transactional annotation, I saw something that is related to the hibernate session that might be close at the serializer level.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Blagdon Customer Care – How can we help you?
How do I store my Inpond during winter?
The Inpond can be run during the winter, however care should be taken to make sure is it fully immersed and cannot freeze solid. If you do not wish to keep the unit running during the winter, please follow the annual maintenance procedure in the instruction booklet and store frost free in the house or garage until spring.
How do I check that my UVC lamp is working on my Inpond?
To check that the UVC lamp is operating, open the filter unit and remove the filter foams and polymer wool cartridge. Positioned on top of the yellow contact chamber is a round viewing window where you should be able to see a faint blue light. This operation should be carried out at dusk. Turning the lamp on and off may aid visual identification.
If you do not have the viewing window, we would advise that a white piece of card is held against the UVC contact chamber inlet, you should see a faint blue light reflected on the paper.
Won't the water get too hot in the summer?
My water has gone green, what shall I do?
Green water (or pea green water) is a type of single celled algae and is common in the warm, sunny months of the year and after starting a new pond. The presences of green water is not a failing of the product or equipment but is a completely natural process. Because of the tiny size of the algae cells they do not get caught in the filter.
Will Affinty attract wildlife into my garden?
Affinity will act as an oasis in your garden and could attract a large variety of wildlife. Birds may visit for a drink or a bath, and a whole selection of water borne fauna will be attracted by the addition of the pool.
I need a cover net for my Affinity Pool, do you sell them?
We are sorry to inform you that unfortunately we do not sell a specific cover for the Affinity pools. We recommend that a pond net is placed over the top of the Affinity, pulled tightly, then either knotted or weighed down.
I can't put my Affinity panels together?
The pool can be hard to be put together because the panels are packed away at particularly low temperatures, which result in them becoming less flexible and less stretchy.
We subsequently recommend warming the weave panels in hot water while assembling and this will then give you the correct tension and enable the brace bars to be fitted into place.
I have lime scale on my Affinity windows what can I do?
We would recommend the water be emptied to below the window level and then a natural way is to gently rub the window with either lemon or white vinegar, taking care not to spill any into the water. You may wish to remove any livestock before so as not to increase their stress levels. The windows would need to be wiped clean to remove any traces of the lemon or vinegar before re-filling and returning the fish to the pond.
How do I check if my Inpond UVC lamp is working?
What do I do with my Inpond during winter?
We would advise that the Inpond can be run during the winter, however care should be taken to make sure it is fully immersed and cannot freeze solid. If you do not wish to keep the unit running during the winter, please follow the annual maintenance procedure in the instruction booklet and store frost free in the house or garage until spring.
How do I clean the bottom of my Affinity Pool?
Agitate the water in your pond and use a very fine net and sweep the water, if you do not have a fine net, we would then recommend filling the net up with polymer wool.
Can I put stones or sand at the bottom of my Affinity Pool?
Stones and sand can be placed in your Affinity Pool, however please be sure that there are no sharp edges on the stones that could damage the pool's liner.
Can I grow plants in planting media on the floor of my Affinity Pool?
No we do not recommend this. The fish will disturb the media which may cause the pump to block. You can use the Affinity Baskets to grow any plants.
Do I keep my Liberty feature running during the winter?
During the worst of the winter weather we recommend that you switch off and empty the feature, removing the pump and battery and store in a dry, frost-free place.
How long will my Liberty Feature run with a full battery?
Liberty Features come with a lithium battery which will fully charge in under 5 hours. You can run the feature continuously for 14 hours from a full charge. Alternatively, you can use the timer functions to set the feature to run on 2/3/4 hourly intervals, the 2 hourly setting will give you a week's use on a single charge. To reduce the need to recharge the battery further, you can upgrade with a solar panel which will run and recharge the feature at the same time.
When you turn your feature off or remove the pump, the water drains from the system. When you turn the feature back on, it can take several minutes for the air that has built up to get pushed through the pump impellor. Leave the feature running for a few minutes to give it a chance to 'blow through'.
Your feature may fail to turn on immediately if you have pressed the "on" button repeatedly or if the pump has not been left to settle before using again which means the air in the pump can not easily be dispersed.
What is the maximum amount of fish I can have in my pond?
Why is my pond losing water?
If it is concrete there may be a breach in the substrate, allowing the water to escape. The breach can be repaired using concrete. Once this has cured, then we would suggest a pond sealant be applied, sealing with new concrete. If the breach cannot be located, you may wish to place a liner inside the pond. Also you need to check all hose and hose attachments to make sure that water is not leaking from them. If the liner is damaged you may be able to use a repair kit, available from your local retailer.
Use our online store locator to find your nearest stockist.
How do I work out the volume of my pond?
Where can I buy Blagdon spare parts?
Use our online store locator to find your nearest stockist, who may be able to supply or order for you. Alternatively, visit www.pumpsandspares.com.
Why am I seeing foam in my pond?
Pond foam is caused by surfactants which are attracted to the surface of air bubbles and strengthen the bubble so it does not pop, but creates an unsightly foam. These surfactants may be artificial chemicals such as detergents. However, the most common cause of pond foam is high levels of protein, from the partial breakdown of organic matter, building up in the pond.
Carrying out water changes to dilute the surfactants.
Removing excess sludge from the bottom of the pond.
Checking that the fish stocking level is not excessive; only 2"-3" of fish per square foot of surface area.
Adding Sludge Buster to remove dead organic matter.
Can I get different coloured covers for the lights?
Unfortunately, the lights are supplied complete and there are no alternative colours available.
My PondMonsta continues to work when handle is released.
The unit works by a radio frequency and therefore some conditions can affect the signal. Try moving the handle around to enable the signal to improve. Also hold the handle further away from the body.
Why would the PondMonsta not pick up debris?
The PondMonsta is designed to work in water at least 30cm deep. The unit also needs to be slowly submerged to avoid any air locks.
What battery is in the PondMonsta?
The battery is a 12v Alkaline Battery 23A (L1028). They are widely available.
How can I check that my Electronic Blanket Weed Controller is still working as the signal light is not flashing.
In order to determine if the signal is still effective, place a MW radio next to the antenna and tune until a strong signal is located; this will be in the form of constant beeping. If this happens, the unit is working.
Why do the flappers keep getting little holes in them?
Damage can be caused by the unit operating in a dusty environment. Change the air filter pad regularly.
The output of my Koi Air pump has decreased, where can I obtain spares from?
It is possible that you require an Annual Maintenance Kit, which consists of all the parts you require to get the most from the air pump. Click here to purchase the kit.
Why is my Koi Air pump so noisy?
The Koi Air pumps have a large motor, which will produce more noise than smaller air pumps. If the noise level is unacceptable, housing the unit inside a brick outbuilding, such as a garage, rather than a shed, may be preferable. It is also intended that the majority of the outlets will be utilised. If you only require one or two outlets, we would suggest that our Pond Air 1 or Pond Air 2 may be more suitable for your environment.
What do I do if my Koi Air is Noisy?
The Koi Air pumps are very large and designed for use primarily in Koi ponds or very large ponds, which may be heavily stocked and have a high oxygen requirement. The large motor will produce more noise than smaller air pumps. If the noise level is unacceptable, housing the unit inside a brick outbuilding, such as a garage, rather than a shed, may be preferable.
In purchasing the pump, it is expected that the majority of the outlets will be utilised. If you only require one or two outlets, we would suggest that our Pond Air 1 or Pond Air 2 may be more suitable for your environment. Your local retailer may be able to assist you further.
My pond has previously been painted. Can I use V8 Pondseal?
V8 can be used on previously painted surfaces, but you will need to abrade the surface first. If the surface is not prepared in this way, the new coat of V8 will not adhere to it.
Can I use V8 Pondseal or Pond Paint on fibreglass?
No, neither product is intended for using on fibreglass.
This can happen if the concrete isn't fully dry. For every 2.54 cm (1") depth of concrete, you will need to allow 30 days of drying time. It is also important that each application of paint is dry before the next one is applied. If the paint is peeling, you will need to abrade with a wire brush before starting again.
Can I use Pond Paint on an existing concrete pond or surface?
No. Pond Paint is only designed to be used on new concrete which has fully cured. If the surface is not completely cured, the paint may peel/wash off.
Can I apply Pond Paint or V8 Pondseal to a surface that has previously been painted with a sealant?
Pond Paint can only be used on new, untreated concrete. V8 Pondseal can only be applied if the surface has been abraded first.
Why is my water hardness high and how can I resolve this?
Alkalinity and water hardness have quite a complex relationship, but in simple terms, alkalinity closely reflects temporary hardness. This is because temporary hardness is caused mainly by bicarbonate ions, which are also chiefly responsible for the water's alkalinity. If you are doing regular water top-ups, the water hardness will increase, since when water evaporates, it leaves behind calcium carbonate, which will contribute to the water hardness level. If your tap water is also very hard, then the problem will continue to escalate. Collecting rainwater and using this for water changes or top-ups may alleviate the problem, since rainwater is naturally soft.
Extract of Barley Straw is a natural product and will not work as quickly as a chemical. As all pond environments are unique, there are also some instances when the natural approach may not be an appropriate one. Sometimes, it is a question of using an alternative product initially, and then continuing with Extract of Barley Straw, once the problem is under control.
Green Away, is an effective treatment for green water algae. It is important that the pH must be between 6.5 and 8.5. The pH of your pond can be tested using a Blagdon Pond Health Test Kit; incorrect pH can be remedied by using the pH Adjuster range. The pH of pond water has a natural diurnal cycle. This means that the pH of the pond water will be lowest in the morning and highest in the evening. Because of this, we would recommend that the Green Away is administered in the morning.
Pond Balance, is an extremely effective solution for filamentous algae, more commonly known as blanket weed. The product works by making calcium unavailable for use in cell structured growth. The net effect of this is that over the thirty days of the treatment, the blanket weed is literally starved out of existence, initially becoming weaker, falling apart and eventually disintegrating completely.
It is important to identify the calcium source and eliminate it to allow the Pond Balance to work effectively. Excess calcium can be introduced via: brick lined ponds; rocks added to the pond; cement and paved pond edging, tap water from hard water areas etc.
Clear Pond, is an effective treatment for cloudy water. It is important that the pH must be between 6.5 and 8.5. The pH of your pond can be tested using Pond Check; incorrect pH can be remedied by using the pH Adjuster range. The pH of pond water has a natural diurnal cycle. This means that the pH of the pond water will be lowest in the morning and highest in the evening. Because of this, we would recommend that the Clear Pond is administered in the morning.
Is Bio Start harmful to pond plants?
Since it is a natural product there should be no risk to the plants. However, we have not specifically tested the product on each type of plant. We have never had any reports of any issues and are confident that it would not cause an issue.
For Clear Pond to work the pH must be between 6.5 and 8.5. The pH of your pond can be tested using a Blagdon Pond Health Test Kit, incorrect pH can be remedied by using the pH Adjuster range. The pond may contain unusually large lightweight particles which can easily be stirred up by currents in the pond or by larger fish. Clear Pond works by coagulating small particles and is therefore not intended to overcome this problem. The answer in this case is to install a pond filter. Various models are available from your local aquatic centre.
If neither of the above apply and the initial treatment with Clear Pond only partially cleared the water, it is recommended that a second dose be administered the next day. To reassure you that the product is working, we suggest that you carry out a test by adding two drops of Clear Pond to a milk bottle filled with pond water. After a few hours, you should notice that there is a sediment on the bottom of the bottle and clear water.
Do I have to remove fish from my pond before using Pond Disinfectant?
Pond Disinfectant is not designed to be used with livestock. It is used to clean a new pond before filling, when carrying out complete pond clean-outs, after disease wipe-outs or to disinfect plants and/or equipment before using in the pond.
As with any chemical product, it is important that the instructions are followed carefully and the product does have to be diluted before being used either to clean the pond or disinfect plants and equipment. If used undiluted, the product cannot be removed adequately; it could then be harmful to the fish, when they are re-introduced into the pond.
Why is Duckweed Buster not killing my duckweed?
Duckweed Buster is a liquid formulation containing a selected range of bacteria which have been stabilised and will remain dormant until they are introduced into water which contains dissolved oxygen. It acts as a natural control agent, which preferentially takes up key nutrients which are important in the growth of Duckweed. In this way it very specifically modifies the chemistry of the water in a pond without having a negative effect on the fish and other plants.
Although Duckweed Buster works well under most conditions, it must be remembered that it will not kill existing Duckweed and it is important to remove as much of the existing weed as possible before applying the product.
It is less effective in ponds where there is a substantial build-up of organic matter at the bottom of the pond. Although the Duckweed plants get their nutrients from the water, as these are used up, further nutrients will be released from the bottom mud and silt, where they have been bound up in the organic matter. This makes it very difficult for the selected bacteria in Duckweed Buster to change the water chemistry and thus suppress the growth of the Duckweed. To remove organic matter, we would recommend the use of our Sludge Buster product.
Duckweed Buster has not killed off the duckweed plants. Why not?
Duckweeds are classic hydroponic plants and do not require any soil for their roots to be bedded into. Some species are hardier and therefore more difficult to control than others and for instance, Lemna minuta tends to be able to continue to grow throughout the typical British winter and thus, it is becoming more widespread.
Duckweed Buster is a liquid formulation containing a selected range of bacteria which have been stabilised and will remain dormant until they are introduced into water which contains dissolved oxygen. It acts as a natural control agent, which preferentially takes up key nutrients which are important in the growth of Duckweed. In this way, it very specifically modifies the chemistry of the water in a pond without having a negative effect on the fish and other plants.
Why is my fish not getting better with Anti Ulcer?
What we do know is that when fish are healthy, their skin produces mucus which sloughs off parasites. When the fish develop ulcers, they have an open wound. This means that there is no mucus being made and consequently, the parasites have got a convenient eating place. Consequently, the Anti Ulcer may be working in eradicating the bacterial disease, but the parasites are preventing the wound from healing. We would suggest treating with a course of Anti Parasite. After you have completed the 5-day course, you should wait 7 days and then revert to the Anti Ulcer treatment.
How long does it take to clear the algae?
As every pond environment is unique and the product is a natural, bacterial product, it is not possible to say how long it will take to clear your pond. However, you can use the product more frequently to "kick-start" the process. You can also try adding the required dose to warm tap water and leaving overnight before putting into the pond. This will encourage the bacteria to incubate and be more effective more quickly.
I have overdosed my pond, what do I do?
Should I leave my UV light on during treatment?
We would recommend that you should turn off your UV light, as the UV can affect the effectiveness of the treatment and can cause the active ingredients to break down quicker, leading to an ineffective treatment.
Will the treatment harm wildlife that drink from my pond?
We would advise that once a treatment is diluted in the pond it is perfectly safe for domestic animals or wildlife to drink from the pond.
Can I just change the treatment I am using?
If you need to use a new treatment, before the finishing the course of a previous treatment we would advise re-adding any carbon removed from the pond before the initial dose and complete a 30% water change. You can then treat with the new treatment following the instructions for this product.
Please can I have a list of ingredients?
We are unable to give any information regarding the chemical formulation/ingredients of our products, since this is all commercially sensitive material. However, we would like to reassure you that all our products comply with current regulations and where, legally, we are required to list them, we do so.
Is it safe if my dog/cat drinks from the pond after I've added a medication?
Yes - once a treatment is diluted in the pond it is perfectly safe for domestic animals or wildlife to drink from the pond.
I have used a pond medication but the problem has not cleared up, can I redose?
Yes - you can start a new course of treatment straight away, unless you have sensitive fish such as Orfe, Tench or Rudd in the pond, in which case you must wait 10 days before re-dosing. We would also suggest using Pond Guardian Tonic Salt to reduce the stress levels of the fish and testing the quality of the water using a Master Test Kit.
Can I use 2 pond medications at the same time?
NO - it is not safe to mix medications. However, you can use ONE medication with any of our water quality treatments.
Can I use more than one pond treatment at the same time?
What is the minimum temperature you can use treatments?
Is it safe if my dog/cat drinks from the pond after I've added a pond treatment?
I have used Fresh Start - how long do I have to wait before adding the fish?
You can introduce the fish immediately.
Why has my water turned red/brown colour after using Green Away?
The most likely reason is that the pH is not between 6.5 and 8.5. Test the pH of the water using an Interpet pH Test Kit and then the Interpet pH Adjuster to bring the pH back into the safe band. You will need to locate the source of the high/low though. If the pH is high, this could be high nutrients or calcium leaking from concrete in or around the pond. If there is any untreated concrete, it can be sealed using V8 Pondseal. Nutrients can be used reduced by carrying out a series of partial water changes. If the pH is low then the possible causes are rotting vegetation, inefficient filtration and overstocking.
Try putting a couple of drops of Green Away into a 1/2 litre of pond water. You should see the green water algae clump together and sink out of suspension. If it does, this shows that the product is working and capable of clearing your pond. Check that you have dosed correctly. We would also suggest dosing early in the day when the pH is naturally at its lowest.
Green Away is an extremely effective product for treating green water algae.
In circumstances when the green water has not cleared after treatment, it could be due to the water chemistry or fine particles.
1. For Green Away to work the pH must be between 6.5 and 8.5. The pH of your pond can be tested using a Blagdon Pond Health Test Kit, incorrect pH can be remedied by using the pH Adjuster range.
2. The pond may contain unusually large lightweight particles which can easily be stirred up by currents in the pond or by larger fish. Green Away works by coagulating small particles and is therefore not intended to overcome this problem. The answer in this case is to install a pond filter. Various models are available from your local aquatic centre. Green water can also be removed by introducing a UVC to the pond, this uses UV light to kill suspended algae in the water as part of a filtration system.
If neither of the above apply and the initial treatment with Green Away only partially cleared the water, it is recommended that a second dose be administered the next day. To reassure you that the product is working, we suggest that you carry out a test by adding two drops of Green Away to a milk bottle filled with pond water. After a few hours, you should notice that there is a sediment on the bottom of the bottle and clear water.
How often can Sludge Buster be used?
Sludge Buster can be used fortnightly to maintain low waste levels. It is also ideal for using after any algae control products.
This is not a problem - it will dissipate over time. This can happen depending on the individual pond's water chemistry.
I am using Pond Balance - can I use a larger dose or more often?
You can continue to use every 10 days indefinitely and can use every 5 days if the problem is particularly severe, but we do not recommend the dose be increased.
What size is the spoon in the Pond Balance pack?
Why is the Blanket Weed Controller not having any effect on the pond weed?
The Controller can take up to 90 days to start to eliminate the weed. After this time we would suggest that you check pH and nitrates are OK. If the pH is high, then you will need to locate the source, which could be high nutrients or calcium leaking from concrete in or around the pond. If there is any untreated concrete, it can be sealed using a pond sealant. Nutrients can be reduced by carrying out a series of partial water changes. You could also try turning the unit off for a week then turn back on. The unit works in cycles and this can sometimes be enough to kick-start the system again.
Why has the remote for my Powersafe Remote Switchbox stopped working?
The signal could have been lost between the remote and the Powersafe box. Please view the re-setting instructions on our Blagdon downloads section.
I have bought 5 Photech lights and have two 3-way connectors How do I set these lights up?
The 5-way connector offered very limited flexibility and therefore, by using two 3-way connectors, a wider configuration could be offered to consumers.
5m of cable from the second 3-way connector to each of the three lights, ie: 15 m from the transformer.
Recent feedback has indicated that consumers are delighted with the additional flexibility this gives them.
Can I get advice on installing my electrical products?
As detailed in all our instructions, it is extremely important that electrical products should be protected by a residual current device (RCD). However, under new EU legislation, we are obliged to advise that all electrical work on garden lighting and power installations must comply with part P of the Building Regulations and should be carried out by a competent electrician, who is registered under the Part P self-certification scheme. If this is not the case, then your local Building Control Department must be advised. It is a criminal offence if you do not comply with this.
Why does my Electronic Blanketweed Controller not work after the power is turned off?
There are two possible causes: the antenna connectors are by necessity a very tight fit and from experience, we know that if these connectors are not properly engaged, then effectively there is a 'break' in the circuit and the signal light will not flash, indicating a problem.
When the mains is switched on, the power light will come on, then a diagnostic self-test is initiated, causing the green light to flash on start-up. When this initial self-test is complete, the green light will initially turn off, before beginning to "pulse". We have occasionally found that as the green light goes off, the owner believes the unit is not working, when this is not in fact the case.
What size and type of hosing should I use with the Electronic Blanketweed Controller?
Only half the volume of pond water should be pushed through the system once every hour.
If I have more than one remote-controlled switch box in my garden, do I just use one handset?
No, each handset has its own frequency, so you can control each unit with its own handset. This also means that if your neighbour has one, they can't switch yours off with their handset!
Can I extend my UVC cable?
We are sorry to inform you that the cable cannot be extended, once it extends to voltage drops, meaning the bulb may not alight or it may destry the unit.
Can I replace the LEDs on my Powersafe Switchbox?
How do I remove my Powersafe Switchbox Circuit Board?
Remove all visible screws (there are no hidden screws in this unit) and the remove the board by pulling it forward and up. There are small retainer brackets at the back of the board, therefore it cannot be removed directly upwards.
Unfortunately, the Powersafe Switchboxes cannot be linked to one another as this would cause the orignal box to exceed its maximum loading.
Where can I purchase some Powersafe Switchbox fuses?
We no longer stock replacement fuses ourselves, however suitable replacment, 1.5am and 5amp fuses can be purchased from many electrical retailers.
What is the light fitting for my Enhance LED Garden Lights?
Can I use ribbed housing with my Electronic Blanket Ween Controller?
We would advise that smooth bore hosing should be used, however, if you wish to use ribbed hosing we would recommend that the antenna sits in the groves of the hosing. Please be aware that when using ribbed hosing the unit may take slightly longer to be effective than it would when using smooth bone hosing.
How can I check my Electronic Blanket Weed Controller Signal?
To determine if the signal is still effective, place a FM or MW radio next to the antenna and tune until a strong signal is located; you should hear a constant beeping. The LEDs on the unit should also flash in time with the beeps. If this happens, we would conclude that the unit is operating to full specification.
Where can I locate my Electronic Blanket Weed Controller?
The Electronic Blanket Weed Controller complies with IP56, which is weatherproof, not waterproof. As a safety precaution, we recommend siting the unit 1.5 m away from the pond so that it is unlikely to fall or get knocked into the water.
How do I clean my pond filter?
NEVER clean your pond filter with tap water as this kills essential bacteria. The simple way is to rinse the filter media in a bucket of pond water to remove the heavy organic waste - they do not need to be sparkling clean.
How often do I need to change my ultraviolet bulb?
UVs are needed to keep pond water clear. The bulb has an effective life of 6 months, as most ponds require UV for only 6 months a year, in late spring, summer & early autumn. The bulb should be changed once a year, preferably in spring. Check to ensure that the quartz sleeve is not dirty or needs de-scaling.
Do I need to keep my pond filter on all of the time?
Yes - as turning it off will destroy the bacteria and the filter will no longer be effective.
Which size filter should I buy?
The correct size filter is dependent on the size of your pond, its location, depth and the stocking levels. For further assistance, please contact your local Blagdon retailer, as detailed on our Store Locator.
How can I check if the UV in my filter is working?
Remove the inlet hosetail and hold a piece of white paper up to the end of the UV chamber. A dim reflection should be seen. This is best done in the evening as the reflection cannot be seen during daylight hours.
How do I the UVC quartz sleeve?
The ends of the quartz sleeves, where the lamp houisng inserts into the UVC, are plastic so force can be applied with a screw driver for example to lever them out. Quartz sleeves are fragile so remove with care to avoid damaging the part.
What is the black, oblong rubber part for?
This should be placed on the end of UV bulb for protection against it breaking.
Why is there water inside the Quartz Sleeve?
It is likely to be because the o-ring has perished and requires replacing. To purchase a replacement please contact www.pumpsandspares.com.
Why has my pump stopped working?
Check the impeller - if there are strands of pond weed in the pump, this may stop the impeller from turning correctly. Check the electricity supply i.e. the fuse, or connect to an alternative power supply. If the unit still fails to operate and it is within the guarantee period, you should return it to your retailer, who will be able to assist you further.
Why has the flow rate from my pump decreased?
Check the impeller - if there are strands of pond weed in the pump, this may stop the impeller from turning correctly. Also check the fountain if there is one - if the holes are blocked, the water flow will be reduced. Ensure the pipe work is not blocked, leaking or is laid so that it gets crushed/kinked. Remove hosing directly from pump outlet to check the flow rate, as it may not be the pump.
Do I need to turn my pond pump off during the winter?
No, pumps and filtration systems work best if they are kept running through out the year. This will maintain the life support system the pond needs during the seasons. In winter it is best to lift the pump off the bottom and onto the marginal shelf as this allows the lower layer of water in the pond to remain still for the fish. Waterfalls should be bypassed in winter to avoid excessive chilling of the pond water.
What can I do to prevent my pond from freezing over in winter?
Is the transformer of my All In One waterproof?
No, the transformer is weatherproof only.
Why do you not offer a guarantee on pump impellers?
Unfortunately, the impeller is a moving part and is therefore a 'consumable' item. The pond environment is unique and there may be sand, grit or debris in the pond which gets sucked into the pump and can in itself affect the life and workings of the impeller. This cannot be covered under guarantee.
My pump has poor water flow, what should I do?
Ensure that the motor surface is thoroughly clean.
Is my impeller covered in my warranty?
We are sorry to inform you that the impeller is a moving part and is therefore a 'consumable' item. Every pond environment is unique and there may be sand, grit or debris in the pond which gets sucked into the pump and can affect the life and workings of the impeller. This cannot be covered under guarantee.
My pump did not come with a plug what should I do?
We are sorry to inform you that we no longer supply plugs with our outdoor units, due to a change in legislation.
Please be aware that it is extremely important, that the socket, from which the pump is supplied, should be protected by an RCD. Failing that, an adaptor containing an RCD should be fitted at the socket.
I cannot remove the impellor from my pump what should I do?
If you are struggling to remove the impeller, it may be covered in Limescale and we would recommned that you soak the complete pump unit in Limescale remover.
Soak in freshwater once limescale is removed before putting back in to your pond or water feature.
Where can I obtain technical advice about my Amphibious pump?
Advice is available from Circulating Pumps on 0845 6021102.
Can the Amphibious pumps be used in salt water?
No, as they have copper parts.
These units are not supplied with any fittings.
Can the Force Hybrid pumps be run externally?
Surrey, RH4 3YX, United Kingdom.
2010 InterpetCentral.com. All Rights Reserved.


Drivers hit 210 at Pocono...and will Penske buy into Roush-Yates Engines?
New asphalt, and Greg Biffle predicts 210 mph drafts here on the long frontstretch.
And the stock car tour leader says at these speeds turn one can get very interesting very quickly.
"I just hope everyone gets a chance to get down on the apron down in turn one, like I just did," Biffle says with a wry grin. "If you get down there, the other guys are in for a rude awakening, because you're going back up the track. It's a pretty rough transition."
Speeds continue to increase with practice laps, and Friday was the third day of practicing at the just repaved 2-1/2-mile speedway.
However the more practice drivers run here, the more questions they have.
It's looking more and more like Sunday's Pocono 400 – a hundred miles shorter now – could well become another fuel mileage race. And this track may be the worst on the tour for any driver running out of fuel, because coasting around the track back to pit road is very iffy: "If you run out going into turn one, you can make it back around," Martin Truex Jr. says. "But if you run out coming off turn three….."
The Roger Penske—Jack Roush dealing for 2013 is still being kept well hidden by both sides.
Penske, after 10 years with Dodge, is switching to Fords at the end of the season, and what Penske will do for engines has been a big question in the NASCAR garage.
Neither man has said much about how their talks have gone.
Roush has said he's willing to sell engines to Penske. But then Penske has his own engine operation, 80-men strong.
The sense has been that Penske and Roush will likely be more competitors in 2013 than tight Ford teammates. And following that, it would seem unlikely that Penske would be willing to or interested in buying engines from such a powerful competitor.
-- the kicker could be that Penske might want to buy a major share of the entire Roush-Yates engine operation.
Roush-Yates-Penske engines? With some Ilmor stuff too, maybe.
A note to this Penske-Ford deal: if Penske really wanted to do his own Ford engine deal, it might be a heck of a challenge to find all the right parts and pieces….and to buy a big stockpile of those parts…not to mention doing all the R&D to make sure they're the right parts and pieces.
Maybe McLaren could be involved somewhere here? Unclear so far.
Speculation has been for several weeks that Indy-car star Michael Andretti is mulling a NASCAR Sprint Cup venture for 2013 as a Dodge team owner.
If so, Andretti could certainly find plenty of good crewmen and potential crew chiefs, as many NASCAR veterans have been sidelined by the sluggish economy lately. Try men like Bobby Hutchens, Mark McArdle, Kevin Hamlin for starters.
Andretti has been branching out in race promotions too….
Finding drivers for a NASCAR-Dodge team of course would not be a big problem.
If Penske does turn his engine operation over to Dodge, that would solve a major issue.
However, there is more to it all – while much of the talk about the 2013 NASCARs has been about the bodies, which are to have more 'styling cues' from real street machines, the 2013 chassis will be more important for crews to deal with. If a new team has to crank up a whole new chassis department, with all the equipment that involves, it is getting very late in the day. A quick, easy solution, obviously, is for someone to buy the now idled Red Bull shop and equipment, which, remember, is winning stuff, Kasey Kahne at Phoenix last fall.
The Red Bull stuff is still owned by Austria's Dietrich Mateschitz, who closed the doors last fall.
Another possibly significant issue this summer could be Matt Kenseth, who is apparently in his contract renegotiation season with team owner Roush.
It's all but inconceivable that Kenseth would leave Roush, the man who gave the Wisconsin driver his big break in 1998. Roush has said Kenseth will always have a ride with him.
However Kenseth, who just turned 40, is at the top of his game – brilliant in winning the Daytona 500, again a solid championship contender, who could easily come out of Sunday's Pocono 400 with the tour points lead, and one of the wittiest drivers with the media. And any rival team owner would be crazy not to have him on their list to talk with.
What is surprising is that Kenseth doesn't have a full-time major sponsor this season; he's had six different sponsors on the quarterpanel so far. Sponsorship money probably isn't the issue as much as driver-marketing might be.
Kenseth, asked Friday about the contract talks, said he's not talking about what might be going on behind the scenes.
"I've never talked about my contract in the media," Kenseth says. "Others might say it's my contract year, but I've never said that."
And after what-all went on last season during Carl Edwards' contract negotiations, Kenseth might be right to try to keep the talks quiet.
Still, the man known as NASCAR's 'Stealth Bomber' for his under-the-radar race day game plans is one of the best in the business….
And sponsorship continues to be a major issue in the NASCAR garage for many car owners.
Plus, the future of Home Depot in this sport is under scrutiny. Home Depot has been one of the sport's anchor sponsors for years.
Indeed the Home Depot question could be one of the crucial questions for this sport in the coming months. If the giant company decides not to keep the NASCAR marketing plan, it could affect other sponsors and potential sponsors too.
Kurt Busch is home on the couch this week, serving a one-week suspension issued by NASCAR for his threatening a reporter last weekend at Dover.
And Jeff Gordon agrees with NASCAR's call: "I really support (reporter) Bob Pockrass in this situation. I don't think Bob asked anything out of line; I don't think he provoked anything.
"He was just following up on some things Kurt was leading to.
"Bob is one of the premier writers and investigative reporters in the garage area. Nobody works harder than this guy.
"If you don't like a question, don't answer it. It doesn't mean you have to go to the level that Kurt went to."
In a curious, perhaps tongue-in-cheek, response to this particularly debate, Tony Stewart says he supports Busch and called the reporter a "tabloid journalist."
Stewart of course has had more run-ins with Busch over the years than just about any driver in this sport. And after one episode at Daytona Stewart even reportedly punched Busch inside the NASCAR hauler, in front of NASCAR officials.
Drivers have spent nearly three days now testing on Pocono Raceway's new asphalt, speeds keep increasing, yet the verdict is still mixed.
Yes, the repaving job was excellent.
The track is now much smoother and has plenty of grip in the groove.
"But when I get out of the groove, it's been 'damage control,'" Greg Biffle says. "It will be single-lane racing, but I expected us to be able to pass.
"The tunnel will be single lane; it feels narrow for just one car.
"And when you bolt on new tires, the car goes slower."
But nobody is running laps by side-by-side at speed yet, and drivers have yet to show how they expect to pass here.
Dale Earnhardt Jr. isn't alone in anticipating a fuel mileage finish.
Drivers can shift gears here (though no overdrive, for some reason), and a driver who doesn't shift can save a little gas. Shifting is at least four times a lap: on the front stretch, coming off turn one, going into turn three, and coming off turn three.
And teams appear worried about transmission problems; crews spent Friday changing transmissions repeatedly.
However NASCAR's rules are so tight on gearing (for some reason) that no one is expected to be able to gain any significant advantage.
Tires are hard and consistent, and don't seem to fall off much. So fresh tires probably won't be much of an advantage either.
However tire tactics appear mixed.
AJ Allmendinger: "The tire never really comes in (during the first 10 laps) the way it does if you let it cool back down and go back out there.
"It feels like you get in (turn) one it's going to be a little hairy. A lot of cars are going to be moving around because the cars feel like they're 'on top' of the track. I think that's really where the challenge is going to come from.
"The biggest thing is being one-groove right now. It's going to be a fine line between getting your car free enough that it keeps turning but not too free where it chatters the right-rear."
And then there are the restarts: four-wide? which lane to chose, inside or outside?
"At Phoenix, when it got repaved, we all thought that restarting on the outside was going to be brutal --- that you'd be hung out to dry," Allmendinger said. "But by the end of the race, you could argue that being on the outside of every row (for restarts) was actually a little bit better, because you get a run off the corner."
Submitted by Keith Murray on Sat 06/09/2012 - 04:24.
The combining the Roush and Penske engines shops will bring even more parity to the sport. At this rate there will be four engine shops left in NASCAR - one for each manufacturer.
Submitted by Mike Daly on Sat 06/09/2012 - 08:47.
Penske buying into Roush\'s engine shop? The way the sport has gone, it might happen.
Why would Michael Andretti want to own a NASCAR team? And has there been any move by Dodge to recruit teams, such as RPM?


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Paul Gladen and I chatted recently with Jeff McKay, CEO of Prudent Pedal, about whether professional services firms routinely squander their business development investments.
Specifically we discussed how and why firms that are focused solely on lead generation risk squandering their marketing investment and sub-optimizing their overall business development efforts. We then explain the potential benefits of applying lead nurturing techniques in professional services firms.
You can listen to the recording and/or read the transcript below. Please share your thoughts on this topic in the comments section below!
Paul Gladen: Hello everyone. This is Paul Gladen, partner with Muzeview. And, I'm here today with Jeff McKay, of Prudent Pedal, and Chris Aitken, one of my partners here at Muzeview. Prudent Pedal is a marketing consulting firm that helps professional services firms drive profitable long-term growth. The firm supports firms who want to grow but do not have the resources to deliver a strategic marketing approach. Jeff's strategies have helped the world's top professional services firms achieve industry leading growth rates, optimize marketing investment, and maximize brand value. Jeff was the SVP of marketing at Genworth Financial, the global marketing leader at Hewitt Associates, and held senior roles at Towers Perrin and Andersen. At Muzeview, Chris helps our clients achieve practice growth by helping those firms and their professionals focus on industry trends and their clients' critical business issues. Prior to joining Muzeview, Chris was a partner with senior client facing and management positions with Arthur Andersen, KPMG Consulting, BearingPoint, and LECG. Welcome gentlemen.
Chris Aitken: Hi Paul, good to be here.
Jeff: Great question to start off. I think most people probably wouldn't differentiate between the two, because they are kind of opposite sides of the same coin. For me, lead generation, it's more focused on the immediate "buy & sell now". It's about identifying targets with budget and buying authority, and a need to fix a problem, and a timeline to do that, where lead nurturing is much more about meeting a client or prospect where they are in there buying process. And we can get into more detail about that, but I guess the bottom line is nurturing is about meeting the prospect where they are, not where we necessarily want them to be.
Chris: It feels Jeff, too, that the whole difference sort of boils down to…are you looking at a single interaction and trying to get value from that client or prospect the first and only time they come to your site, or are you looking to establish yourself, as you were saying, as a trusted source of good content and good authority information, because you're providing them with things of value over a period of time.
Jeff: I think that's a great way of looking at it. It is, I believe "lead nurturing" is more consistent with the way the best professional services firms work, and that's around trusted relationships.
Paul: Presumably, Jeff and Chris, that sort of reflects that professional services is selling a complex, sophisticated service to their clients. So, it's a complex sales and complex buying process?
Chris: That's right. The thing that's interesting is professional services is this sort of intangible good, in most instances. So, the person, who is buying a service from you, is inherently having to trust that you will have the ability, and the skills, and the knowledge to deliver. And one of the interesting things becomes the way to demonstrate that, or at least one of the ways of demonstrating that is through your thought leadership efforts.
Chris: So, in effect, it becomes a method on the front end, by which you can establish your relationship, if you don't already know the client, but you can also then, even with existing clients demonstrate knowledge in a new area, or demonstrate knowledge of an emerging trend or an emerging opportunity for your clients.
Paul: Okay. So we've started looking into what lead nurturing is here and some aspects of that. But, why should firms care about lead nurturing. I mean, firms are often sort of pulled in many different directions with their marketing and business development. Why is this something that they should be focusing some attention on and putting some investment into?
Chris: It's a good question, Paul, because really what it comes down to is…if you're only focused on lead generation, that client or prospect might hit your site at a point where they, themselves, are not ready to buy anything immediately. Without lead nurturing, leads fall through the cracks, because you end up squandering the investment you make in lead generation, if you have no way of continuing to nurture and develop the relationship that you have with that prospect over a point of time until they've learned enough, or until they know enough, to be in a position where they're, in fact, qualified to give to a partner, or another business development or sales professional. Jeff, this is one of the things we've talked about, previously, where it's a source of pretty big disconnection between marketing and business development, right?
Jeff: Yeah, I think that's spot on. We've already talked a little bit about the importance of building relationship. But, for me lead nurturing, really, is about having the most effective and efficient sales and marketing operation you can have. I'd love to share a couple of quick stats with you that, I think, really make the business case for lead nurturing. Nurtured leads have a 23% shorter sales cycle. I don't know any firms that wouldn't like to move their pipeline along in a shorter timeline. 9.3% of firms achieve higher sales quota. I don't know many partnerships that wouldn't like to have more of the partners, and those people with revenue bogeys, hitting those at a higher level. I think that lead nurturing and focusing marketing around helping partners and business developers be more effective, like just these couple of simple stats say…make it imperative that firms are looking at this. I think there needs to be a fundamental shift in marketing and professional services firms from all this brand building and brand awareness to a focus on lead nurturing, because, I think, it just fundamentally shifts the tactics and focus of your sales and marketing organization.
Paul: So, Jeff those are some pretty compelling stats. What sort of different, or what are the techniques and processes, that lead nurturing use that, sort of, delivers that result and differentiates from what we might call the random acts of marketing that the many firms are currently engaged in.
Jeff: I think there are several. They really need to work together. I think that's the key, and I think that's why so few organizations do it well. But, I think first and foremost, and Chris alluded to this when we began the conversation, is it's really about aligning your content, your thought leadership, your marketing, to the way buyers buy. And, I think most firms do a really good job with their thought leadership about introducing new issues into the market place. But, moving them from that awareness of the issue through the way they approach the buying decision within their company culture, or their unique buying process, is where we, normally, kind of skip a lot of steps and then jump straight into proposals. So, I think, really adjusting the delivery of our messages with when and where they want that information. So, that's number one. Number two, you cannot do that unless you have a technology platform that enables that. And, that's kind of a three-tiered platform. You need a content management system, you need CRM, and most importantly you need marketing automation that is really triggered by that client or prospect's interaction with that information. And then, third, and I alluded to this a little bit earlier, is a different focus on what you're measuring and what your expectations are for marketing. When you align metrics with producing qualified leads, it really changes behavior of the team and the tactics that they're using to nurture those leads, build brand, and in the end, drive revenue for the firm.
Paul: And Chris, I know marketing automation is something you've spent quite a lot of time looking at and thinking about. What are some of the things that firms should be thinking about as they look at that as a tool to help them do this as Jeff has outlined?
Chris: Well, I think even before you step into the question of the technology itself, it's getting agreement internally on things like…"What is the definition of a qualified lead?" So, at what point should a lead that's working its way through your various systems and content programs be given to somebody in business development or sales? And there are a number of factors that could come into that. It could come into their title and level, whether they're an influencer versus the decision maker, what sort of time frame they're on, what sort of budget they have available. But, getting an agreed upon definition of "qualified" is an important place to start. Then secondly, the point that Jeff was making a minute ago about the three tiers of content, CRM, and automation. It's understanding, and this doesn't have to be very complex, but it's understanding what kind of path would you like somebody who's expressed interest in a particular topic area, or in a particular service line, or a particular business issue. What path would you like to lead them through? So, the key to automating this stuff is to have clear in your own minds what is an ideal set of paths through your content, through interacting with your professionals, whether it's on webinars, whether it's reading white papers, whether it's them coming to events. There are many choices there, obviously, but the marketing automation is only most effective if you already know what it is you're trying to automate, and you've thought carefully about the common conversion paths through your site and through your content. And then, I think the third thing is the actual technology, itself. There are players at different ends of the market. This is becoming increasingly affordable even for small and midsize firms, because the large firms obviously have the benefit of armies of marketing and business development professionals who can potentially do some of these things manually. I think one of the advantages for the small or medium firms, that perhaps don't have the same resources, is that for only a few hundred dollars a month they can have a tool that makes them operate and have the same reach and marketing outreach scale as firms with much higher resources. So, there are a couple of things, at least, to think about.
Paul: O.K., and Jeff, Chris has set out a few things there in terms of getting started. What else would be important for firms to think about that are, sort of, embarking along this path? And what's a sensible time frame? And what are some sensible milestones that would help them get a sense of whether they're succeeding with their efforts?
Jeff: I think Chris made some really good points. And, I think our listeners should really pay attention to the points that he made, because what I'm seeing is they tend to underestimate what's involved in this. And, the counsel to start slow is really important. An approach like this, using marketing automation and lead nurturing and developing the content that enables that, it takes time. There are very specific type of capabilities that you need, and I think, often times, if firms do this, they jump in too quickly, and they don't think about the structural and cultural changes that have to take place ahead of implementing anyone of these technologies or strategies. So, I think that's great counsel to say…"Really think about where you want to go and what's it going to take to get there?" And, if you've never done this before, it makes sense to do research around what's involved. But, start small, for sure. And, where you start, really, will be dictated by your culture, and the resources, and the capabilities you're starting with.
Chris: Building on that a little bit, one thing that people should remember is that, in most instances, clients and prospects aren't just coming to your website through your homepage. It's far more likely that they will have found you through Google, and deep-linked somewhere deep inside your site. So, the question is if they land on a blog post, or a white paper, or on an event, or whatever, what are you going to do from that point forward? Now, that you've got their attention in that moment, how do you get them to take the next step of engaging with your firm? And, I agree with Jeff that you need to map all these things out and think about simple, early steps. But, the trick is to pilot some simple things, measure the results, and then refine. The key is to not allow yourself to get overwhelmed, so that you end up doing nothing, because these tools do make it relatively straightforward to start in very simple ways. So, it could be as simple as somebody who's come in, in a particular topic area, and downloaded a white paper. There could be a predetermined sequence of what e-mails, what videos you're going to push towards them, what events you're going to invite them to. It could be as simple as that as a starting point.
Paul: Right. Chris, so I think you make a really good point there about people arriving deep in your website, but also about this question we started with in terms of the distinction between lead generation and lead nurturing. So, you've done something effectively to generate a potential lead that's triggered someone to come to your site. What have you done to make sure that you, now, almost, sort of, give that potential lead the option and have them give you the permission to enter into this nurturing phase? It's a really good example, this transition from lead generation to lead nurturing. This has been a really good discussion in terms of setting out what lead nurturing is and what some of the steps are that people are going to need to take. Before we wrap this up, do either of you have a closing thought or two that people should take away as they think about how to make this work inside their organization.
Chris: I guess my thought would be that these things are very well suited to experimentation. So, I would pick a single practice area, or pick a single topic, and be in a position where you can experiment on a small scale before trying to roll something out, across multiple practices or across the whole firm. And, the second thought that I'd provide is that different people inside your organization will react to these kinds of programs with different levels of skepticism or enthusiasm. Rather than trying to convert the people who express skepticism, I'd focus on finding the early evangelists, so to speak, and actually measure and generate results with those people inside your firm. You'll then have success stories that you can use to build support across the rest of your organization.
Jeff: And Chris, I think that second point is an excellent one. I've seen that play out a lot of times. So, I think that's a very important point. I think, traditionally, professional service firms have just emphasized branding so much, and there just needs to be a shift away from allocating so many resources to just brand awareness and brand building. And, shifting some of those resources into some of these other technologies and capabilities is, I think, a reasonable and doable transition. I think, longer term from a strategic perspective, unless you are moving your marketing organization towards lead nurturing, I think you're sub-optimizing your marketing investment, because you're left with two choices. The first one is, this kind of broad based branding which gives you scale, but it's not personalized to the buyer's journey that we've talked about. Or, you go to kind of pure one-to-one selling and let the consultants, lawyers, accountants make the contacts. That's more personable, but it's not scale-able. Lead nurturing gives you a balance of the two, and I think, that's what really allows marketing organizations to be much more effective, much more efficient, and more importantly, and consistent with the cultures of the firms, more relationship-oriented.
Paul: Great Jeff. I think that 's an excellent point to finish on both in terms of the return on the investment, marketing being able to demonstrate return on investment, and that relationship point is, clearly, something that should resonate with professionals inside of these firms. So, Jeff, Chris, thank you very much, indeed, for the insights you've shared today. I think lead nurturing is a topic that we're going to hear plenty more about in the professional services space over the next 12 months and beyond. So, hopefully, this has been a good introduction and discussion of some of the key issues. Thank you very much gentlemen.
Chris: Thanks a lot, Paul.
Jeff McKay is Founder & CEO of Prudent Pedal, a boutique marketing consultancy focused on the professional services industry. Jeff's strategies have helped the world's top professional services firms achieve industry-leading growth rates, optimize marketing investment and maximize brand value. Jeff was the SVP of Marketing at Genworth Financial, the Global Marketing Leader at Hewitt Associates and held senior roles at Towers Perrin and Andersen.


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text:
Full-color images of Joseph Smith's Bible revisions recently added to JosephSmithPapers.org
By Trent Toone Nov 5, 2016, 5:00am MDT
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The Joseph Smith Papers website recently published new content on its website, including images and transcripts for Joseph Smith's Bible revision manuscripts in full color photographs for the first time. Provided by JosephSmithPapers.org
An abundance of new content, including full-color images, transcripts, hundreds of LDS Church Nauvoo era documents and more have recently been uploaded to the Joseph Smith Papers website at josephsmithpapers.org.
Most notable among the new content are images and transcripts of Joseph Smith's Bible revision manuscripts for the Old and New Testaments, published for the first time with full-color photographs.
The publication of Joseph Smith's revision of the Bible is important because it can bring members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints closer to one of the important revelatory documents of the Restoration, said Kent P. Jackson, professor of ancient scripture at Brigham Young University.
Joseph Smith, founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, undertook a revision of the Bible from 1830-1833. He dictated the text to six different scribes — Oliver Cowdery, John Whitmer, Emma Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Jesse Gause and Frederick G. Williams. The Prophet and his contemporaries referred to this work as "the New Translation." The term "Joseph Smith Translation" was invented in conjunction with the publication of the English LDS edition of the Bible in 1979, Jackson said.
From Joseph Smith's death until now, Latter-day Saints have had limited access to the manuscripts of his original Bible translation. BYU researchers published all of the writing on the manuscripts in a large book in 2004, followed by an electronic publication on a DVD in 2011, Jackson said.
"But as part of the Joseph Smith Papers project, the transcriptions are now online and accessible to anyone in the world who has a computer and an internet connection," Jackson said. "Anyone can now access high-resolution images side-by-side with the transcriptions. The online presentation in the Joseph Smith Papers is extremely attractive and easy to use."
The transcriptions represent the text as written on the manuscript pages, including the original spellings, punctuation, cross-outs and insertions. Readers can see the variety of spelling and handwriting practices of the scribes. Joseph Smith's handwriting appears only on a few of the pages, Jackson said.
"Publication as part of the Joseph Smith Papers will hopefully facilitate continuing high-quality research on this important part of the Prophet's ministry," Jackson said.
Altogether, Joseph Smith made changes in about 3,400 verses, including 1,300 in the Old Testament and 2,100 in the New Testament. The changes in the LDS Bible edition are those that were considered to have the most importance in terms of doctrine and history, Jackson said.
"The publication of the entire New Translation gives us access to all of the Prophet's changes," Jackson said. "Readers will now see that in addition to doctrinal and historical changes, the Prophet made scores of revisions to simplify and modernize the language of the King James translation to make the Bible more accessible to modern readers."
As with any documentary project, there are places where modern printed texts do not always have the original author's intended words. This is true with the Joseph Smith Translation manuscripts, which were not accessible for so many decades. Readers on the Joseph Smith Papers website may notice some original wordings that differ from current printed texts, but there won't be any dramatic surprises, Jackson said.
Other additions to the site as of Oct. 31 include more than 100 documents dating from August to December 1842, including letters, land deeds and Nauvoo City Council resolutions; documents from the Nauvoo Mayor's Court, 1841-1844; a topic article pointing to dozens of documents that relate to the Council of Fifty in Nauvoo and other Joseph Smith documents from 1844; new and updated reference material, including nearly 30 new biographical entries, almost 20 geographical entries, three glossary entries and more than 200 new or updated chronology entries, according to josephsmithpapers.org.
In addition to the new content, the website's "Browse the Papers" page has been upgraded for more mobile-friendly use and improved navigation. Similar improvements have also been made for the "Document Viewer," offering visitors several new features.
Joseph F. Darowski, Joseph Smith Papers web historian, said the Joseph Smith Papers website complements the printed volumes by offering free and instant access to the same printed content as well as additional content not featured in the volumes. Last year, the website served about 283,000 unique visitors from around the globe and recorded more than 1.3 million page views. About 30 percent of website visitors use a mobile device, Darowski said.
"More people use the project website than will ever purchase a print volume," Darowski said. "That is OK with us since our primary mission is to publish the papers digitally and in print for use by scholars, members and others interested in our history."
The next Joseph Smith Papers volume, "Documents, Vol. 5," is scheduled to be available in May 2017. It covers the period from October 1835 through January 1838 and primarily centers on events in Kirtland, Ohio, and Missouri, including the dedication of the Kirtland Temple, the Kirtland Safety Society and growing dissent and apostasy in both Ohio and Missouri, Darowski said.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl