text:
Q: Why are geodesically convex sets diffeomorphic to $\Bbb R^n$? In the construction of a good cover for a manifold $M^n$, Bott & Tu use the fact that each point in $M$ is contained in a geodesically convex set (after picking a Riemannian metric). They then claim that the intersection of geodesically convex sets is a geodesically convex set, and that makes sense. They further claim that any geodesically convex set is diffeomorphic to $\Bbb R^n$. For this, they reference Spivak, who does not actually show the last bit.
Perhaps one way to do this is to show that the convex set is star-shaped, so the inverse image of it under the exponential map is convex, and somehow diffeomorphic to a ball, and thus to $\Bbb R^n$?

A: We provide a careful proof of Theorem 5.1 from Bott & Tu. The main body of the proof is taken from this MO post.
Let $M^n$ be a smooth manifold. An open cover $\{U_\alpha\}$ is good if each nonempty finite intersection $U_{\alpha_1}\cap\cdots\cap U_{\alpha_k}$ is diffeomorphic to $\Bbb R^n$. The goal here is to prove the following
Theorem 1. Every manifold has a good cover.
Equip $M$ with a Riemannian metric $g$. An open set $U\subset M$ is said to be strongly convex if $p,q\in U$ can be joined by a unique minimizing geodesic contained totally in $U$.
Lemma 2.
Each point in $M$ is contained in a strongly convex neighborhood.
Proof. See do Carmo, Riemannian Geometry, page 76. $\quad\Box$
A strongly convex neighborhood $U$ is normal about each point in $p\in U$, that is, $\exp_p:T_pM\to M$ is always a local diffeomorphism.
Proposition 3.
$\exp_p^{-1}U$ is star-shaped about $0\in T_pM$.
Proof. $p$ can be connected to any $q\in U$ by a unique geodesic $\gamma$. Using normal coordinates, we see that $0$ can be connected to $\exp_p^{-1}q$ by the straight line $\exp_p^{-1}\gamma$.$\quad\Box$
The difficult part of this proof lies in the following technical lemma:
Lemma 4.
Let $\Omega\subset\Bbb R^n$ be open and star-shaped about $0$. Then $\Omega\approx \Bbb R^n$.
Proof. The set $F=\Bbb R^n-\Omega$ is closed, so me may find a smooth map $\phi:\Bbb R^n\to \Bbb R_{\ge0}$ such that $F=\phi^{-1}(0)$. (See Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, page 47.) Define $\lambda:\Omega\to\Bbb R$ by
$$\lambda(x)=1+\left(\int_0^{||x||}\frac{\mathrm d t}{\phi(t\hat x)}\right)^2.$$
Since $\phi$ is nonnegative, $\lambda(t\hat x)$ is an increasing function of $t$. Clearly $\lambda$ is smooth. Define a smooth function $f:\Omega\to\Bbb R^n,x\mapsto \lambda(x)x$. Let $A(x)=\sup\{t>0\mid t\hat x\in\Omega\}$. Since $\lambda$ increases along $t\hat x$, $f$ maps the segment $[0,A(x))\hat x$ injectively into $\Bbb R_{\ge 0}\hat x$. Note that $f(0)=0$.
We now want to show that $f(\Omega)=\Bbb R^n$. We need to investigate the behavior of $f$ close to the boundary of $\Omega$. Thus, consider the limit
$$L(x)=\lim_{r\to A(x)}||f(r\hat x)||=\lambda(A(x))A(x).$$
If $A(x)=\infty$, then $L(x)=\infty$. The set $[0,A(x))\hat x$ is bounded if $A(x)<\infty$, so it contained in some compact set. Then $D\phi$ is bounded on this compact set, and we may apply Taylor's Theorem with remainder. Namely, since $\phi(A(x)\hat x)=0$, we have
$$\phi(r\hat x)=||\phi(A(x)\hat x+r\hat x-A(x)\hat x)-\phi(A(x)\hat x)||\le M||(r-A(x))\hat x||=M(A(x)-r),$$
where $M>0$ is some constant. Thus $$\int_0^{A(x)}\frac{\mathrm d t}{\phi(t\hat x)}\ge \int_0^{A(x)}\frac{\mathrm d t}{M(A(x)-t)}=\infty,$$
so $L(x)=\infty$ in this case too. Thus $f$ is surjective.
We will show that $f$ has no critical points. Suppose that $Df_x(h)=0$ for some $h,x\in\Bbb R^n$. From the definition of $f$, we obtain $Df_x(h)=\lambda(x)h+D\lambda_x(h)x=0$. Since $\lambda(0)=1$, this implies $x\ne 0$. Thus $h=\mu x$, for some $\mu\ne 0$. This implies $\lambda(x)+D\lambda_x(x)=0$. The function $g(t)=\lambda(tx)$ is increasing, so $g'(1)=D\lambda_x(x)>0$. This contradicts $D\lambda_x(x)=-\lambda(x)\le -1$. Thus $f$ is regular on $\Omega$. By the inverse function theorem, $f$ is a local diffeomorphism. A bijective local diffeomorphism is a global diffeomorphism. Thus $f:\Omega\to\Bbb R^n$ is the desired diffeomorphism. $\quad\Box$
Any strongly convex neighborhood is diffeomorphic to a star-shaped open set in $T_pM$, thus diffeomorphic to a star-shaped open set in $\Bbb R^n$, and finally diffeomorphic to $\Bbb R^n$ itself.
Theorem 5.
A geodesically convex open set is diffeomorphic to $\Bbb R^n$.
Lemma 6.
If $U_1$ and $U_2$ are strongly convex, then so is $U_1\cap U_2$, assuming it is nonempty.
Proof.
$U_1\cap U_2$ is open. Let Let $p,q\in U_1\cap U_2$. Let $\gamma\subset U_1$ be the geodesic starting at $p$ going to $q$. In $U_1$, set up normal coordinates at $p$, so that $\gamma$ is a straight line going to $q$. We may also do this in $U_2$, so $\gamma$ is the geodesic connecting $p$ and $q$ in $U_2$ as well. Thus $\gamma\subset U_1\cap U_2$, and $U_1\cap U_2$ is geodesically convex.$\quad\Box$
Proof of the Theorem.
By Lemma 2, we may cover $M$ with geodesically convex open sets. Then each set in the cover is diffeomorphic to $\Bbb R^n$, and by Lemma 6, each finite nonempty intersection is as well. $\quad\Box$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


are the ideal way to enjoy the quintessential Argentinian experience of sharing a meal with friends, family and colleagues. The private dining space at Asado consists of four beautifully designed semi-private rooms. Separated by floor-to-ceiling black steel wine racks and large sisal rope curtains, the space can expand or retract to suit your party size. The feature mural, created by local artist Dan Wenn, depicts a montage of gauchos riding through the rough, rolling terrain of outback Argentina – evoking images of wide open spaces in country ranches.
The detailed wine list alone is bound to impress, and you can get up close and personal with your favourite pours, all lined up against the walls of the private dining area. Meat lovers will rejoice at the showcase of large cuts of beef and lamb from O'Connor's Meats displayed in a corner of the private dining area – and is bound to provide great fodder for conversation!
Each private dining space suits any occasion and creates a unique atmosphere for your celebration. Perfect for birthday parties, business meetings, family gatherings or just a get-together with your best friends, our spaces are built with the best dinner experience in mind.
We have a fantastic selection of set menus available, showcasing our most popular meal offerings and favourite flavours. Alleviate the stress of ordering for a large group, pick your choice from our set menus and allow us to take you on a culinary journey from the barrios of Buenos Aires to the plains of Patagonia. Sit back, relax and enjoy the Argentinian way of dining that we love to share!


The Cost Of A Complete Crusher Machine. cost of complete stone crusher machine in com cost to setup stone crusher in india, get price online; get prices live chat. what is the cost of a stone crusher machine .
Cost Of Setting Up A Stone Crusher Plant In… Cost Of Setup A Stone Crusher In India Rgbooks stone crusher set up india manganese crusher. stone crusher plant set up cost in himachal pradesh xsm is a .


Five 43 percent of all American families spend more than they earn each year.
After adjusting for inflation, U.S. college students are borrowing about twice as much money as they did a decade ago.
Mortgage lenders now have more equity in U.S. homes than the American people do.
Approximately 41 percent of all working age Americans either have medical bill problems or are currently paying off medical debt.
"Do you need a car? Just get an auto loan. Do you need a house? Just get a mortgage. Do you need to fill up your house with stuff? Just get a credit card. Do you need an education? Just get a student loan." -says Michael Snyder describing our sentiment towards debt.
the average person believes that if everyone works hard and pulls their weight can create value and move into the positive within our current financial structure. Unfortunately, the Fractional Reserve Banking Method makes it now mathematically impossible.
Our money is loaned from the Federal Reserve to our Government AT INTEREST... which must be paid back on top of the amount loaned using the same money loaned. Because the amount owed back is greater than the amount loaned, the interest can only be paid back by taking out another loan. This is the first reason it is impossible.
Our financial system is based on something called the Fractional Reserve Method. According to the New York Federal Reserve Bank, in a publication that has now been conveniently deleted (http://www.newyorkfed.org/aboutthefed/fedpoint/fed45.html) fractional reserve banking can be explained like this….
Meaning that for every dollar on reserve, 9 dollars can be generated out of thin air, blowing up the money in your pocket to potentially 9x more money than actually exists in hard paper currency. This is the second reason.
Unfortunately, there is not any hope of winning within our present monetary system.
Freedom is multifaceted with a lot of moving parts but there are some general areas that are essential.There is not one easy solution for getting out either. The best approach is to gear every aspect of life towards achieving it and get in and out as fast as possible.
Come up with a plan to reduce and/or consolidate the debt you do have. Start with debt that carries a high rate of interest first (such as credit card debt). (find resources below). Debt consolidation and relief can provide relief in the short term, but this alone is not enough.
When possible barter, trade, and exchange local or alternative currencies not on the fractional reserve banking system (see alternative currencies page).
Produce your own Energy. to cut costs and gain independence in that area (see sustainability page).


In the Winter '17 release, Salesforce introduced Base Lightning Components in an attempt to reach parity with out-of-the-box Visualforce components. In this blog, Sara Morgan Nettles gives an overview of how Base Lightning Components work.
Different from the legacy components in the ui:* namespace, these new Base Lightning Components implement Salesforce Lightning Design System (SLDS), have built-in validation, and simplify the code required to implement them.


Strange cramps and secretions, is this normal?
She asked me if this could mean that shes pregnant or if its normal. At the time she was about halfway till her next cycle.
It may be ovulation pain and discharge. I can't explain why she is having it now if she has never had it before. Perhaps she is just more aware and looking out for signs.
Do you know if she has missed a period yet?


text:
import pytest

from pyglet import gl
from pyglet import graphics
from pyglet.text import document
from pyglet.text import layout
from pyglet import window

@pytest.fixture(params=[document.UnformattedDocument,
                        document.FormattedDocument])
def text_window(request):
    class _TestWindow(window.Window):
        def __init__(self, doctype, *args, **kwargs):
            super(_TestWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

            self.batch = graphics.Batch()
            self.document = doctype()
            self.layout = layout.IncrementalTextLayout(self.document,
                self.width, self.height, batch=self.batch)

        def on_draw(self):
            gl.glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)
            self.clear()
            self.batch.draw()

        def set_bold(self):
            self.document.set_style(0, len(self.document.text), {"bold": True})

    return _TestWindow(request.param)

def test_empty_document(text_window):
    """Empty text document can be rendered."""
    text_window.dispatch_events()
    text_window.close()

def test_empty_document_bold(text_window):
    """Empty text document can be rendered and attributes can be set."""
    text_window.set_bold()
    text_window.dispatch_events()
    text_window.close()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


thanks again for your words I will do the best and let us see what happens with WBCE in the future.
You will see that I've switched the color from pink to green (same green like on the WBCE main page). Maybe I will implement a color switching solution, but actually I've more important work is to do like rework every single htt-file.
Is anybody interested to check (and maybe test a little bit) the current template? It is nothing feature-complete, a lot of pages aren't rewritten but you can get a first feeling of the template and my work.
If only one may be interested then I will publish here a download link.
Just a "few" words as You might have missed a Discussion that accidentally was overtaken by German language.
First of all i really like your work !!!
There are quite a lot of things going on in Development i think you need to know .
First of all the BE is rewritten step by step , to be fully modular so on New modules you can bring you own templates for any kind of module.
All backendpages will be plain Admintools whith a template that can be overridden by the BE template.
for all core modules and all new modules at least the ones made by me. Having an optional Loader that loads module templates from the FE or BE template if they exist will be new module standard.
Maybe You have a look on the current master where you can create your own template vor several admintools all settings and the preferences page already.
About Bootstrap : Botstrap won't become a default standard(for the reasons already stated ), but i will actively try to make it easy to implement any Framework You like. And module templates will become standard.... i am a bit in a hurry writing more about this later .
yeah. Great to hear some nice stuff from you as a dev! OOP is the future, global vars are ugly I will check your new template solution next week and with a few manuals and examples I'm willed to implement it in coming release of this backend template.
But is it ok when I will hurry up to get the first version of this backend template done for WBCE V1.2?
I would like to test it, but maybe it's better not to give public access to the download already to avoid that too much versions circulate? So if you don't mind, send me the download link by PM.
you are right. I've sent you a PM. Any others who want to test Fraggy?
I'm really looking forward for the first finished public version. When it's ready, I would like to feature it on the WBCE homepage if you don't mind.
I don't know when WBCE V1.2 will be released, but I hope to get the first finale release done until the end of June 2016.
Maybe it will be part of the WBCE package or maybe the new official BE template I'm saying that because I'm not really sure under which license I should release the template. To be a part of WBCE it should be GPL, but as webdesigner I prefere MIT license. Please tell me devs, which license should I choose?
Nice js workaround implemented to get white background panels (in this case without title) for module-specific adminpages.
Looks good. Please change the wording from "WebsiteBaker" and "WebsiteBaker CE" to "WBCE" and if necessary have an eye on the links in the footer (the word WBCE should point to wbce.org).
Hehe, joking. But the plain warning.html and as non-part of the templating solution is not really great.
My work is done for today. I've a meeting this afternoon.
@rjgamer: I would also like to test your backend theme and give you some feedback if you like. Just drop me a PM with the download link.
Ok when I send you and florian tomorrow or this evening the newest version?
Some details about a coming feature of the template: The CSS is created with SASS and will be released as minified and non-minified stylesheets. For a better download performance, the minified version will be linked in the template pages as default.
A small design bug: Maybe it's too early, but at the moment the length of the sidebar is too short, if there are many input fields on a page. You can see this at the options page or if a content page has more than one WYSIWYG section. See attached screenshot (I marked the gap with a red line).
The neoflow Link on the login/logout page does not work yet.
thx. Can you please refresh the cache and test it again?
Oh, the settings page is not ready yet. Did you see the bug on media, extensions or start pages?
oh damn. Stupid me. I'm sorry. Error is gone, of course.
I was too fast. The error still occurs, but not on all pages. On the pagetree and when editing a page, the left sidebar is long enough, on the options page it is not. Also after emptying cache and also with Chrome.


text:
Lausanne, CH (40)
Center For Creative Leadership (270)
IMD Business School (54)
Schulich School of Business (39)York University
Boston Business School (39)
INSEAD Business School (35)
Columbia Business School (34)Columbia University
London Business School (33)
Queen's School of Business (32)Queen's University
Weatherhead School of Management (31)Case Western Reserve University
MIT Sloan School of Management (30)
Melbourne Business School (28)The University of Melbourne
The Australian Graduate School of Management at University of New South Wales Business School (27)
Ross School of Business (25)The University of Michigan
Sauder School of Business (22)University of British Columbia
The Wharton School (22)University of Pennsylvania
Harvard Kennedy School Executive Education (21)
Stanford Graduate School of Business (20)Stanford University
Rotterdam School of Management (20)Erasmus University
Harvard Business School (17)Harvard University
Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University (17)
Judge Business School (16)University of Cambridge
Ashridge Strategic Management Centre (16)
Darden Executive Education (15)
Saïd Business School (14)University of Oxford
Henley Business School (14)University of Reading
DeGroote School of Business (14)McMaster University
European School of Management and Technology (13)
Sobey School of Business (13)Saint Mary's University
Auckland Business School (13)The University of Auckland
Texas Executive Education (12)University of Texas at Austin
Macquarie Graduate School of Management (12)
IESE Business School (11)
HEC Montreal (11)
Kenan-Flagler Business School (11)University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Irish Management Institute (11)University College Cork
Cranfield School of Management (10)Cranfield University
Chicago Booth Executive Education (10)University of Chicago
Rotman School of Management (10)University of Toronto
Berkeley Executive Education (9)University of California Berkeley
School of Business Administration (8)University of Miami
Telfer School of Management (8)University of Ottawa
Vlerick Business School (7)
Wits Business School (7)University of the Witwatersrand
Cass Business School (7)City, University of London
Harvard Law School Executive Education (6)Harvard University
Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) (6)
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (6)Harvard University
Darla Moore School of Business (6)University of South Carolina
Vanderbilt Owen Graduate School of Management (6)Vanderbilt University
Human Dimensions of Organizations (6)University of Texas at Austin
Olin Business School (6)Washington University in St. Louis
Indian School of Business (6)
Lehigh College of Business and Economics (6)Lehigh University
The Fuqua School of Business (5)Duke University
Mendoza College of Business (5)University of Notre Dame
Harvard Business School Online (5)
C. T. Bauer College of Business (5)University of Houston
Bryant School of Business (5)Bryant University
Neeley School of Business (5)Texas Christian University
China Europe International Business School (5)
USB Executive Development (5)University of Stellenbosch
UCLA Anderson School of Management (4)University of California, Los Angeles
Aalto University Executive Education (4)
Duke Corporate Education (4)Duke University
Maastricht School of Management (4)
Indian Institute of Management Calcutta (4)
Tepper School of Business (4)Carnegie Mellon
NUS Business School (3)
Eli Broad College of Business (3)Michigan State University
McCourt School of Public Policy (3)Georgetown University
Goizueta Business School (3)Emory University
The University of Texas at San Antonio College of Business (3)
Imperial College Business School (3)Imperial College London
Institute for Sustainability Leadership (3)University of Cambridge
Daniels College of Business (3)University of Denver
Haskayne School of Business (3)University of Calgary
Warwick Business School (3)The University of Warwick
Eller College of Management (3)The University of Arizona
Belk College of Business (2)UNC Charlotte
Tuck School of Business (2)Dartmouth College
Babson Executive and Enterprise Education (2)Babson College
Peter B. Gustavson School of Business (2)University of Victoria
MCI - Management Center Innsbruck (2)
George Mason University School of Business (2)
Nanyang Business School (2)Nanyang Technological University
Singapore Management University (2)
Solvay Brussels School of Economics and Management (2)
Møller Institute (2)University of Cambridge Churchill College
John Molson School of Business (2)Concordia University
Coles College of Business (2)Kennesaw State University
Robinson College of Business (2)Georgia State University
Nyenrode Business University (2)
Raymond A. Mason School of Business (1)College of William & Mary
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (1)The Hong Kong University
University of Edinburgh Business School (1)University of Edinburgh
E. J. Ourso College of Business (1)Louisiana State University
Paul Merage School of Business (1)University of California, Irvine
Antwerp Management School (1)University of Antwerp
Amsterdam Institute of Finance (1)
Thunderbird School of Global Management (1)
Berlin School of Creative Leadership (1)Steinbeis University
Ivey Business School (1)Western University
Fundação Dom Cabral (1)
Department of Management (1)London School of Economics and Political Science
School of Public Policy (1)London School of Economics and Political Science
BI Norwegian Business School (1)
King's Business School (1)University of London
ESCP Europe (1)
Gabelli School of Business (1)Fordham University
Rady School of Management (1)University of California, San Diego
UQ Business School (1)The University of Queensland
UWA Business School (1)University of Western Australia
Cardiff Business School (1)Cardiff University
Simmons School of Management (1)Simmons College
Operations/Production (2)
Leading Digital Business Transformation
IMD Business School
Lausanne October 5-9, 2020 5 days
Inspirational Leadership
October 12 - December 6, 2020 8 weeks
Leading in the Digital Age
Lausanne October 14-16, 2020 3 days
Mobilizing People
SGD 17,500
High Performance Leadership
Singapore October 18-23, 2020 6 days
Foundations for Business Leadership
Lausanne November 1-20, 2020 20 days
Advanced High Performance Leadership
Lausanne November 2-6, 2020 5 days
Cultivating Leadership Energy through Awareness and Reflection
Lausanne, Indonesia November 9, 2020 - June 19, 2021 22 days
Lausanne November 9-13, 2020 5 days
November 9 - December 13, 2020 5 weeks
School: IMD Business School • Category: Leadership

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At Dumpster Labs, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Palmetto, FL, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
You are able to really build your spring cleaning or storage area clean out effortless by using a easy and quick roll away 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL. The single cost of renting a new roll away container may many times become less than this combined cost of everything you would have to do to be able to dispose of your cleanup products through typical recycling procedures. You can save a lot of time and funds and get the work done by making use of this quick and easy cleanup method.
Exactly what is the delivery cost? A lot of 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL companies will charge a new delivery cost on top of the charge they price you, so be sure to ask. Delivery service fees can range between $25 to $50 or more.
Today it is been observed in comparison with many companies are also hiring these lenders. So next time when you see large heap regarding trash right after party than only relaxed since you know that folks from garbage service provider are on their particular way!!!!! Safety factors an important component of your home building process. A simple home remodeling takes beyond anticipated and also this unwanted hold off can be handled very easily and simply with the use of a 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL. If you reside in the Washington DC area you are able to call for a Annapolis 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL; you can also use the internet and request a new next day 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL. Excellence can triumph even in this midst of the construction and renovation at your residence.
A dumpster is a big container, and that is mostly consisting of steel or perhaps plastic. They're used for this temporary storage space of muddle and it assists in disposing the garbage generated in your house renovation or perhaps construction task hassle free.
Irrespective of where you live you already know that you need to maintain your condos upward to date in case you own all of them and rent all of them out. Persons want to live in a nice, as well as updated condominium.
Boston Massachusetts is a city having a inhabitants of over 500,000 permanent inhabitants and is the most significant towns historically in america Of America. That city contributed a lot to the nation's development. The nation's first stockpile, public recreation area and its very first subway were all first internal Boston city. In this city, there are many businesses, offices, apartments rentals and homes that will generate a great deal of waste everyday. This city needs a trustworthy 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL company that all the inhabitants will be able to make use of to keep their particular city thoroughly clean.
Prohibited components of Dumpster: There are several products that you cannot get rid of in dumpster. The item list can vary from spot to location. This list is created by means of rental Company and government according to the rules and regulations regarding local government. Most frequently prohibited object include propane, oil, fresh paint, car exhaust, car battery power, asbestos, any inflammable liquid, any hazardous waste materials etc. Consequently make sure to inquire about the list regarding prohibited products from rental business as adding one of those components of dumpster can lead you in paying out extra money.
The corporation should remedy the phone when you call. Your time is worth one thing and you want to avoid the phone tag online game. Ensure that when you call this service provider you will get a professional looking sales agent and if you are on carry listen to exactly how professional this on-hold message is definitely. The more specialized these aspects are, the more likely that you are getting through a reputable business.
Ultimately the company has been online for at least several years to really establish themselves. It will ensure that they are unlikely to produce mistakes in addition to their reputation will be more important directly to them. They have invested too long constructing a name for them selves to simply rebrand as long as they get lots of complaints.
A number of dumpsters, which allow for mixed material use, will not be allowed in all states. Recycle reusable components has become an art form. Who would currently have thought that a 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto would make all of this so much easier? If you pick a 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto corporation, service choices vary, and so sift through these people and work out the best site for you. Let one particular company perform all of the "legwork" and after that offer you by far the most streamlined selection and best offer there is.
Having a stacked up trash for too long duration of time may impact your business inside number of ways. It could possibly give wrong impression for the customer with visit about your promptness in functioning. They indulge the clean appearance of one's business spot and they may possibly scale right up working several hours of the staff because the stacked up trash occupies available free of charge space within the location which makes it difficult for one to keep the project running.
Every person produces millions of trash every day, and finding the right way to dump it is essential. Some other garbage corporations do not care about the blunder they bid farewell to, however, rubbish taxi makes certain that your building and also garbage spot is left as well as tidy. They supply an excellent services, and ensure that your particular waste doesn't become a problem in your condominium complex.
Rubbish is something everybody has but some connected with us have more of it than others. Rubbish does not look pretty and should not just be sitting on the ground before you can take the item to the dumpster. In certain cities it is even illegal because it appears bad and also animals can get into it and also spread all this over the area.
No matter where you live you know that you must keep your apartments up to date in the event you own these people and rent these people out. Individuals want to reside in a nice, as well as updated house.
As you are booking a dumpster or a couple of, consider whether you need a mobile sanitation unit. This can be essential, especially if bathing rooms are being remodeled and the household being worked tirelessly on is outside a city. This is not the common or maybe garden assortment of portable David, but the kind used seeing that special events and also venues, and also celebrities as well as the public. Talk about streamlining -- everybody will be comfy, working toward being "green" as they can, and saving you time and money.
All you want do is hire a dumpster at a professional 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto agency in your vicinity. You should have previous check concerning the quality of service provided and pricing methodology of the company, also check concerning the type of the information and tonnage of the material which might be disposed within the dumpster. It is always encouraged to get from the company that may be transparent within the pricing. The customer will have in depth picture concerning the fee which needs to be paid by him previous to he sites an order while using company. We will save our mother earth constitute the great danger of environment degradation by hiring a dumpster at a 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto company that may lend qualified services.
For people who are generally anticipating undertaking a major structure or demolition project, or perhaps a project that encompasses both these processes, it is extremely possible, highly likely in fact, that a lot of particles will be developed.
Safety is constantly a top priority when it comes to making, due to how easy it truly is to have a occupation related injury, and how uncomplicated it is to input a great deal of damage to it, no matter if insurance companies join up or not.
In the majority of of the civilized world like United states where availability of labor with regard to odd careers is very reduced you need to spend huge amount of money if you require to do this. I know you may now be contemplating disposing the actual waste on your own and not even going to hire labour for the job.
Waste material that's separated can be sold for money, generously donated, or in true of appliances and some cabinetry -- given to a new charity such as Habitat with regard to Humanity. Urban centers across the country began to put secondhand stores set up and you can contribute your recyclable materials in order to Habitat where by they are sold and then the funds are used for the actual charity's ongoing projects. Dumpster rentals are necessary to this form of an operation simply because just chucking everything to a big load and either getting rid of it en masse, or having the the top pile smash everything underneath it, serves no one's purpose.
Your roll down containers available at these 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL firms are mounted on trolley wheels and can take care of huge tons of waste and therefore are best fits for large projects including construction, household renovation, backyard cleanup. By simply hiring a dumpster for the trash fingertips needs, you may be set totally free of unsafe problems and can get the trash got rid of at reasonably priced cost.
People want to keep their house and area clean and organised. Huge amount regarding trash will be generated in home based renovation and construction projects. These waste products cause irritation at your occupation location. To clear out the litter formed in your job site, you have to find the right 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL service company.
Our own first assumed is that to acheive the job effectively done it will undoubtedly take a day or two or we will do it very easily over a full week end. It hits a person that there are a lot of things that will be difficult to acquire rid of. Things such as odd components of lumber or that old worn-out kid's bicycle. There are many items like this you can't put out with your typical garbage. Our modern methods of waste collection and recycling get helped the actual ecology tremendously. But then we all hit the actual stumbling block with the number of rules that are right now in place that limits and restricts the total amount and type regarding miscellaneous waste that we can get rid of by way of normal stations.
Whether you are somebody homeowner or even the head of a construction company, the first thing to look after on the "to do" record should be a new 40 Yard Dumpster in Palmetto, FL. If you are an specific, then renting the actual dumpster yourself will save you a lot of money with your home renovation project. First comes the trial, then the convalescence. In the meantime, there should be a good location to keep all of the old materials which has been stripped away from a making.


This is the biggest film festival in Denmark and its in place to promote Danish filmmakers.
This festival is a free for all procession and you can dance to samba and check out the decorated boats in the water parade.
This festival has parades, dancing, and other festivities, which attracts thousands of people.
This four-day festival in Denmark has everything from bands to DJs and it's one of the biggest in Scandinavia as it attracts more than 100,000 people. It received some bad press a few years ago with some people getting trampled, but security and the layout is better and if you go you are sure to have a great time.
This festival in Denmark is held every August and it's one of the biggest jazz festivals in Europe, as it's held over 10 days.
This 10-day event has a great selection of music being played.
This event has special events that lead up to the Christmas celebrations.


text:
Founders - Carolyn Fish
Carolyn Fish
Rockland Family Shelter
The Rockland Family Shelter is a private non-for-profit corporation located in Rockland County New York. We started in 1979 and initially we began our services to assist battered women and their children. We opened a 24-hour hotline and an emergency battered women shelter. We have a staff of 47 people who provide counseling, advocacy, legal services. We have two attorneys who provide legal representation in family court to victims of domestic violence. We have staff that work specifically on children services, a social worker who works with mothers and their children. We have sexual trauma counselors and advocates and we provide therapy to survivors of sexual trauma as well as their family members. We have residential and non-residential programs. We have 24-hour hotline, which can be accessed in obviously 24-hours a day. We have an emergency shelter. We have staff that speaks a variety of languages: Spanish, French, Creole, Yiddish, Hebrew, Hindi and we have access to 19 Asian language as well. We have developed a domestic violence court within the county where we have staff that are available within those courts. And we have outreach in education programs in schools, and with a variety of law enforcement and educational systems and the medical systems as well.
Mandatory arrest
Back when they were first holding community meetings on the issue of mandatory arrest, we had developed a policy in our county, in the mid eighties, with the Stop Fear Coalition, that was a pro-arrest policy. So it was long before anything else was on the books, and we were very happy with that. Pro-arrest wasn't mandated, but it was a pro-arrest policy, which our police departments had agreed to. Then it was about the early nineties when there was talk of developing a law, of creating a law that would require mandatory arrest. And a woman- I went to one of her hearings in Manhattan, and it was so clear to me at that point in time that mandatory arrest was not the way to go, because of the impact it would have on communities of color.
She's put in more danger
So I'm laughing I mean as a feminist, and Phyllis Frank, also who you know is a strong feminist, both of us were opposed to it. So there were many feminists who understood the connection of racism, as I said earlier, if you understand the connection between racism and sexism, mandated arrest was not something we were in favor of. That said, the law was passed. Now that did present a tremendous dilemma, because it seems like it flies in the face of what we keep saying: listen to the battered women. You've got to say what they want. At the same time the struggle was, but she's put in more danger. When her abusing partner feels that she somehow is moving the legal system, she isn't in control of the legal system. It is the District Attorney. It's the people, the state of New York that are bringing charges. It isn't her. She's simply a witness in this process. So how best could one protect this witness? And that's when part of the mandatory arrest developed to protect her from being the one who's moving the system. So I don't think it's as clear cut. There are many feminists that are opposed to mandatory arrest and many who aren't and I think it's a tremendous conundrum that we're dealing with.
Racism and sexism
The beauty that has come from it, if there has been some, and there has clearly been some, is that the issue has been made clear to police you've got to take this seriously, you must take this seriously, and there may not have been any other way tot do that. At the same time it really does put women of color and their partners of color in more jeopardy and we have learned this from women of color, and we have to acknowledge it and we can't pretend it doesn't exist, and it's not a question of blaming that this one is so terrible and that person is so terrible. It's just putting the truth out there and how we deal with racism in our communities is just as important as how we deal with sexism.
Listen to what she's saying
One thing we've clearly learned as a movement was not to assume we know more than the woman whom we're helping, because she really has the expertise. She knows what's going on. You know, as a community, as a society I think many of us have looked at battered women very negatively and blamed her for the abuse and then blamed her for staying, and blamed her for leaving. So no matter what she does, she's making somehow the wrong decision, and, in fact, what we have come to understand, and this has been sort of the basis, or the foundation, of the movement, is to listen to what she's saying. Listen to the voices of battered women, and hear what they want, what they need and your role really as an advocate and as a movement is just to help her figure it out, and give her some other options that she may or may not know about and then support her whether she's leaving, or not leaving. Whether she wants to get an order of protection, whatever in between, or her choices, help her know that she's not having to go through that alone.


RCLCO Real Estate Advisors Since 1994, RCLCO has conducted a national survey identifying the top-selling MPCs, surveying MPCs throughout the country to establish the 50 top-selling communities as of mid-year 2018….
©DMB Associates, Inc. 2019. All rights reserved.


Starting from Boston, visit Montreal, Quebec City, Lake George Village, Keeseville, Olympic Stadium, Montreal Biodome, St. Josephs Oratory, Tropical Forest, Polar area, the Saint Lawrence Marine Ecosystem, the Laurentian Forest, Citadelle of Quebec, Montmorency Falls, St. Lawrence River, Cable car, Observatoire de la Capitale, beautiful architecture of Old Quebec, Ausable Chasm and then Lake George in New York.
We will depart at 7:00am from Boston for Montreal, QC, Canada, and arrive in the early afternoon. We will visit the Olympic Stadium and see the impressive Tower, a feat of engineering, Montreal Biodome, and St. Josephs Oratory, a worship site. We will head for the night to the hotel.
Hotel: Sandman Hotel (999, De Serigny, Montreal, QC, J4K 2T1, Canada) or Similar.
St. Josephs Oratory is Canada's longest Catholic Church with a host of visitors every year. It is also called the national shrine and is a holy place among Christians.
Guests will spend Day 2 in Quebec City, QC, visiting the Citadelle of Quebec- a fort, Observatoire de la Capitale- a 31 story building and Montmorency Fall. Guests will also get a chance to enjoy the Old Quebec City tour. And in the night return to Montreal, QC to relax in the hotel.
This city, situated in Quebec, California, gives a wonderfully fabulous view of Quebec and how this city is amid the beauty of nature. to go through this city is a unforgettable experience for the tourists.
On day 3, we will return to the US, taking the first stop at Ausable Chasm and then Lake George in New York that has exceptionally clear and clean water. By the end of the day, we will return to Boston, MA. Keeseville, NY.
A town located at the warren county which is in New York. The population of the county is 3578 according to the census of 2000. Lake George is also known as the Queen of American lakes.
We wanted to visit Boston Montreal for a long time and this time the moment we came to know about this tour for 3 days, it looked a perfect tour planned or designed for us. We never wasted a minute and immediately got our tickets to board for the tour. It was awesome to see magnificent old places revealing history and is testaments of some places. We were pleased to enjoy activities such as swimming and hiking. We do not get an opportunity to involve in any such during regular schedule and now this tour was the best, I recommend 5 star.
I was on this solo trip just to take a break after my breakup with my boyfriend. I just wanted to get out of the city away and chose this tour. Though I was actually stressed and depressed, this tour did some magical changes. I was unable to see my transformation. I guess the places the tour took us to were really interesting that I forgot my sob story and it appeared a crap piece. I was not able to swim in the clear waters of Lake George Village as I forgot to get my swim costume. Will do it next time!


Home Hair Growth Alpha Male Hair : Read Reviews, Benefits, & Side-Effects !
Alpha Male Hair : Read Reviews, Benefits, & Side-Effects !
It is a supplement which is intended to advance sound hair and help you keep the correct things in adjusts to guarantee most positive hair development and support. The mix of the vitamins and minerals while including silica will help the soundness of hair and scalp and return hair shine also. Its dynamic fixings can back off or stop the duration of male pattern baldness silica removes reestablishes torpid follicle normally. It is male pattern baldness cure equation with the mix of various fixings help to give the right supplement to the right thing in your body to keep up the sound and dynamic hair. It's likewise expected to bring back the gloss and thickness of the hair. In some cases, when men begin losing hair, the hair they have remaining gets more slender. It doesn't look as indispensable and young, and that can influence them to seem more seasoned than they truly are. A man in his 30s with a drastically subsided aircraft and thin hair will look more established than his years, and if folks need to get back their energy, at that point the hair is a brilliant place to begin. The item is intended to be utilized every day as a major aspect of a schedule, and clients are relied upon to get results inside the 60-day time for testing.
How does Alpha Male Hair work?
It closes with hair fall, totally restarting the hair cycle. First, it dispenses with every single feeble fiber, so amid an initial couple of long stretches of utilization, the fall might be somewhat highlighted. In any case, this ought not to be cause for worry as it is the sign that the hair is developing once more. After the long stretch of utilization, frail balding will make hair begin developing again as the days pass by until the point when it turns into a solid, sound hair. Following a couple of long stretches of utilization, new hair will have become sound and of indistinguishable shading and thickness from typical hair. The equation contains biotin, Vitamin C, folic corrosive, silica and beta carotene-all of which add to hair development and hair wellbeing. These are fixings which have effectively demonstrated themselves in differential equations and that we know will enable individuals to regrow their hair.
Alpha Male Hair pill gives your body the supplements essential for fast and normal hair regrowth. It begins by feeding the blood supply in the scalp and empowering the roots' supplements. This energizes hair development and goads follicles to begin turning out from the sebaceous organs. At that point, the present hair development is ensured and renewed. Existing hair is made more grounded and fuller and less inclined to drop out and new development is defended against hair fall. Next, the item's supplements power torpid hairs to begin developing again and keep the scalp continually nourished with supplements. This guarantees hair doesn't simply begin developing and after that go dead, yet proceeds to achieve its full development potential. At long last, the scalp and hair roots are supported by the recipe's supplements to empower proceeded with development and to shield the scalp from returning to its once in the past undesirable state. It is a lasting answer for different examples and kinds of hair fall.
Hair Regrowth: It fills in thin fixes, thinning up top and diminishing hairlines by fortifying and conveying sustenance to the follicles.
Prevents hair fall: It develops follicle grit to create solid and hearty hair.
Repair Split Ends: Biotin and Acetate implantations in a single little case help to repair existing harm to dynamic follicles drastically.
Increase Volume: This dynamic equation contains one of a kind arrangement of fixings which help to develop hair and in volume inside the actuated follicle.
Biotin: Its water solvent vitamin and biotin assume the essential part in the soundness of nails, skin, and hair and furthermore known as Vitamin B7, also forestalls hair breakage and upgrade flexibility of hair against dryness.
Niacin: Having enough measure of niacin is vital for general well being and its higher sum enhances cholesterol level and diminishes the cardiovascular hazard. What's more, it is useful to elevate nourishment dissemination to the scalp.
Vitamin A: It's fat dissolvable vitamin and ground-breaking cancer prevention agent and is extremely imperative to by and large well being in particular to hair produces sound sebum in the scalp.
Vitamin B12: It's imperative for your body and distinctive in nature with different vitamins and help to make DNA and RBC (red platelets). Likewise, make sound RBC transport oxygen to the scalp and follicle too.
Silica: Role of silica in the human body well being still not clear yet but the rather known advantage is the constructive outcome on skin hair and nails. Silica likewise vital to frame collagen which is vital protein keeps skin wrinkle free and versatile. In the male pattern, baldness issue keeps up versatility and consecutively keeps up and keeps up hair gloss.
Vitamin B Complex: Its total of the vitamin (B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) supportive to change over our sustenance to vitality to permit us to keep stimulates throughout the day. What's more keeps from hair diminishing and male pattern baldness also. Keep from debilitating of hair structure.
Beta Carotene: This forerunner of Vitamin A is wealthy in cancer prevention agents. They, thusly, help to anticipate harm by free radicals. The Vitamin A take the charge of securing your hair and guarding each strand, to guarantee your hair stays solid, thick, and full.
Folic Acid: This one here causes you to have speedier and better and solid hair development. Folic Acid does this with its capacity to hurry cell division.
Alpha Male Hair has no any known symptoms which urge us to dispose of this supplement from our rundown or give them the negative survey. Its equation is unadulterated concentrate from characteristic fixings and compelling as well. A great many recipe bottles have been sold to the date. Not in any case single individual announced this supplement is trick or awful item. This male pattern baldness supplement has the discount strategy on the off chance that you are not fulfilled.
To purchase this item you have to go to its legitimate site by clicking the image. Due to its popularity, it isn't accessible on nearby stores. Their conveyance benefit is snappy. You will get your request inside 2 to 3 days subsequent to presenting your address subtle elements.
Alpha Male Hair works for hair science. Its supplements recuperate the roots and help them to do their work, that is, deliver new hair. It has been made normally so it doesn't create unwanted responses. Its vitamins are useful for general well being.
**Gleam And Glow Cream** Read Ingredients, Side-Effects and Price !


Staff selection commission SSC for north western region (Chandigarh) SSCNWR issued a recruitment notification to fill various vacancies and details information is available on the commission website http://www.sscnwr.org. Interested candidates can read the details given below and know more about the eligibility, criteria, experience, age, how to apply etc.
The pay scale is different for different positions. Please download and read the advertisement documentation given in the last.
Application Fees: Rs. 50/- for Unreserved categories. No fees for reserved category candidates – SC, ST, OBC, Female, Ex-Serviceman, Physically Handicapped etc.
All the interested and eligible candidates can apply for various position recruiting under this ssc recruitment 2014 for north western region. Please download the official recruitment advertisement given below and read it completely to know more about the recruitment process, syllabus, exam schedule, interview schedule for qualified candidate, age limit, how to pay application fees etc.


New collection! Gorgous 1950s style halter Olivie Swing Dress in Pink and White Dot from Bunny.
This is an iconic vintage style halterneck dress, in a trendy vibrant pink (the colour is in real darker/fuller then on these pics) with small white polka dots and a flowing full circle skirt made of coton with stretch. The back also has an elasticated panel which ensures a tight fit around the bust and waist. The dress is trimmed with a whitestrip above the hem, white cotton piping around the waist, pockets, along the bust and either side of the front.
This 50s vintage style dress can also be worn with a petticoat underneath to add volume as shown on the pictures. Whether your tastes run to traditional fifties florals or wild novelty prints, we've something to suit everyone and every occasion, from parties to summer picnics.
Also availble in Royal Blue, Striped Blue, Mint and Red!


Separating from your partner is rarely a pain free experience. There is the emotional angst, and if you have lived together, more than likely there will be other things to resolve. For instance, who should have what from the home, and if you own your home; how the proceeds might be shared between you. If you have children together, there will be their needs to sort out too. When are they going to spend time with you both? Where will be the primary home? How are you going to parent them together now you are apart? Along with all this is the prospect of huge change in your life and the uncertainty of the future. All of these things can cause untold worry in the short term.
Invariably, people want the best outcome for their children as well as themselves, and iftruth be known most people would prefer to arrive at this point without acrimony, and as soon as practicable so everyone can move on with their lives. Working together with a trained Family Mediator lets you both remain in control of the outcome, as both parties keep negotiating, until an agreeable compromise is reached.
Almost without exception Mediation is a more cost effective option, whilst the mediator will charge for their time, the costs of the process are shared between you, and will be far cheaper than arguing matters out in Court; when a Judge will make a decision for you.
Brenda is a Family Mediator with almost 20 years experience in mediation alone. Prior to becoming a ediator she was a family lawyer for 25 years. She is a member of Resolution and is also qualified as a supervisor for other mediators.


text:
May 2, 2018 - Politics & Policy
Ancient artifacts smuggled by Hobby Lobby are returning to Iraq
Photo: Moment Mobile ED/Getty Images
Several thousand ancient artifacts — including cuneiform tablets, cylinder seals and clay bullae — that were illegally smuggled into the United States by Hobby Lobby last year under the guise of "tile samples" are on their way back to Iraq, according to Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The backstory: ICE and the Justice Department reached a settlement with the craft retailer last July that included the forfeiture of the artifacts and a $3 million fine. Hobby Lobby has ties to the recently opened Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C., donating millions of dollars worth of artifacts to the museum — though the museum claims that none of the forfeited artifacts were meant for its collection.


There's an interesting BBC Radio show discussing the Snoring remedies being peddled by Boots.
Click here to listen. You'll need RealPlayer installed.
David Colquhoun is among the contributors to the show.
Although my site isn't mentioned by name, they did quote from the text of the piss-poor response I received from Boots when I asked for evidence of the fantastical claims they make for their homeopathic snoring remedy.
During the show, you'll hear that I'm not the only one to be brushed-off by Boots.
This entry was posted on February 6, 2007 at 8:27 pm and is filed under Medical Quackery.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
Zygodon viridissimus is a species of moss belonging to the family Orthotrichaceae.

It has almost cosmopolitan distribution.

References

Orthotrichales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The main theme for Traffex 2019 was: How is technology driving change on the network?
How is this technology making change happen in your opinion?
Alistair Gollop, technology services engineering lead, Mott MacDonald: Across the media, we have all seen many articles and items about how autonomous vehicles will change our daily lives.
However, although we aren't all being chauffeured by our car yet, this is undoubtedly the biggest catalyst for change to the network in the last sixty years, since the introduction of the first motorway in the UK.
Manufacturers are currently busy developing vehicles with the aim that they will have the ability to operate independently; however the real key to facilitating their adoption and optimising both the efficiency and safety of these vehicles, will be the establishment of communications facilities with roadside infrastructure.
This key element of infrastructure will allow vehicles to see beyond the horizon (or corner!) and allow it to make informed decisions that not only improve their efficiency but also their safety.
Much has been said about how autonomous vehicles will make much of the current roadside infrastructure redundant, however, although the plethora of equipment visible to users may become redundant, it is probable that the requirements for sensors and communications facilities will maintain the requirement for ITS infrastructure in the long-term.
Simon Ellison, technology capability director, Costain: In terms of mobility what we lack today is a system that brings together the convenience and positive experience of car travel with the space efficiency of mass transit.
Today, 85% of commuter car journeys are in single occupancy vehicles, an estimated 30% of traffic in towns and cities is made up of people driving round looking for somewhere to park, and people tend to want to travel to the same places at the same time causing gridlock whilst at other times and in other places, the roads are quiet. We also lack a proportional and visible relationship between the amount of time and space we occupy on the road network and the amount we pay. The good news is that this relationship is now achievable using intelligent data and technology-based solutions. Furthermore, not only is it achievable, but it has to be the answer.
Why have you chosen Traffex to take people on this Future Mobility journey?
Alistair Gollop: As the premier event for the industry in the UK, Traffex is the only occasion with the ability to take 10,000 visitors through our vision for future mobility.
The exhibit will take visitors from a yesteryear without technology, through the current day, and on toward the future, where we look at the pathway to autonomous vehicles and how mobility will span modes and place to provide a cohesive means to get about.
In addition to the Future Mobility feature, Traffex offers us the opportunity to also have a dedicated Future Mobility Theatre, where speakers will discuss a wide range of issues which will face us in the coming years.
We will also have the Collaboration Café where you can discuss how developments in mobility will affect us all, over a coffee. We are delighted to co-curate the Future Mobility feature at Traffex 2019, because it encompasses the essence of what we do at Mott MacDonald – we open opportunities with connected thinking.
Simon Ellison: Traffex is the UK's largest and most established event for all those involved in the highways sector. As leaders in the future mobility space, Costain is delighted to be bringing the exciting new 'Future Mobility' central feature to Traffex 2019 in collaboration with Mott MacDonald: over a 350m2 area visitors will be taken on a journey through past, present and future concepts of transport.
Alistair Gollop: By using a journey narrative, we will be showing those who may not be directly involved with emerging transport features, existing and emerging technologies, and our wide-ranging list of speakers in the Future Mobility Theatre will offer discussions on the future implications of tomorrow's transport, including the technological, legal, social and economic impacts.
This will provide visitors the opportunity to gather a much better understanding of how to prepare for the future and what to expect over the coming years.
Simon Ellison: We want to promote the need for citizen-centric development - when we think of delivering capacity improvements, relieving congestion, improving safety and air quality on our urban and suburban roads, the answer isn't going to come from building new roads; it's going to come from technology and smart use of data to understand what citizens want and help to change behaviours.
To create truly connected places it's vital that we integrate our infrastructure and network systems and fully integrate the range of diverse mobility solutions. Cross-sector collaboration will be essential to achieve this, so we are looking to engage with a wide range of clients, partners and suppliers at Traffex this year to drive innovation.
What does future mobility mean for the industry and the road user now and in the future?
Alistair Gollop: Over the course of the next few years, we will increasingly start to see developments across a broad range of modes to tackle the issues we face today, mainly centred around congestion and the resulting problems this causes, like pollution. Modal shift to sustainable transport modes has been highly successful in some areas, and the move to zero emission vehicles will provide a major improvement to the quality of life in our urban areas.
However, we need to concentrate on more than just introducing autonomous vehicles, otherwise we run the very serious risk of actually ending up with far greater levels of congestion.
We therefore need to ensure that a comprehensive transport offering is maintained, so that the benefits of mass transit can be enjoyed by all, not just the privileged.
Simon Ellison: There will be a shift in the infrastructure we need and how we use existing infrastructure. The industry will shift to provide new services, and towards integrating new technology to increase capacity and improve customer service and resilience without the requirement to build, particularly as there are limited new roads or railway lines to be built.
Road users will have more of a say in the infrastructure that is developed, will have more choice through Mobility as a Service (MaaS), decarbonised vehicles and new dynamic public transport.
What are the main challenges and opportunities relating to future mobility being implemented and delivered on the network and transport systems?
Alistair Gollop: One of the principal issues facing the implementation of an effective and cohesive mobility system is the fragmented nature of the way in which the various modes are currently owned and operated.
Reaching agreements between multiple stakeholders is exceedingly difficult, because of the conflicting commercial agendas and imperatives facing many operators.
To assist this, the benefits of actively engaging with initiatives needs to be demonstrated to organisations, so that they can clearly see how they will increasingly be left behind by those that start to benefit from new facilities.
Simon Ellison: The challenges are varied: scalability of solutions, keeping up with the pace of change, being able to deliver projects quickly, working across multiple sectors and understanding the impacts of change on other sectors and industries, true collaboration and the integration of multiple diverse parties.
However, the opportunities outweigh the challenges and today are greater than ever. It's exciting that we have the ability to make better use of our existing networks, to enhance mobility, increase inclusion and service accessibility and to ultimately, create better places for people through mobility solutions.
What can we learn from abroad in terms of future mobility?
Alistair Gollop: There are many pilot schemes being undertaken across the globe that are attracting interest and feeding discussions. One of our roles as an international consultant is to review and make sense of pilot findings for clients across a number of regions.
A common theme is how adoption of new transport solutions depends on many human factors, and that some solutions may create more congestion issues in the short term before longer-term benefits are realised.
Simon Ellison: We can learn a lot, particularly from our neighbours in Europe. Norway has been very successful in providing electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure for their people and promoting the use of EVs across the country which has resulting in Europe's highest EV penetration.
Amsterdam has more people commuting via cycling, walking and public transport than by private car due to the enhanced active transport infrastructure. Barcelona has plans to free up nearly 60% of streets used by cars through turning them into "citizen spaces" by creating superblocks around mini-neighbourhoods. This should reduce traffic by 21%.
If I gave you £1m to kick-start a new research project related to future mobility where would you invest that money?
Alistair Gollop: Although there are many issues to be faced on our journey to future mobility, including the issues which face rural mobility and empowering vulnerable users to make best use of developments; a key issue that will need to be looked at in detail is the interface that will be required between the mobility sector and smart city stakeholders.
The use of a UTMC type common database may provide a viable option for gathering disparate data streams together and providing a cohesive means to interface between all transport modes and other aspects of daily life, required to effectively manage our busy cities.
I would take this investment to develop this capability and look to roll out a trial to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Simon Ellison: If I were a local authority I would probably invest it in Multi-Modal Hub planning to drive local economic growth, and smart technologies to reduce congestion, ease traffic flow on the network and increase pedestrianisation.


BootsnAll Travel Network helps people plan and purchase complex travel, such as round the world trips and multi-stop international trip. Learn more about us here.
Our staff is distributed across multiple time zones, enjoying the flexibility to work from home in a low-pressure environment as we develop world-class services.
Full-time employees receive health care benefits and participate in yearly incentive plans. We are profitable.
We hire and fire by our core values, so if you relate to them, you'll feel at home with us.
Our services include BootsnAll, Airtreks,Round The World Tickets and WhyGo.


Hello Fellow Advertisers! Today I will be discussing the difference between vanity metrics and performance metrics. I'll also cover their levels of importance when it comes to optimizing based on these variables within an AdWords account. Enjoy!
Hello everybody, and welcome to another episode of my video blog series. I am your host Nick Rennard. Today, we will be talking about vanity metrics versus performance metrics in terms of search engine marketing. I'm going to be reviewing some examples in AdWords, so I have some slides with examples for you to review here. Let's go ahead and get started. We'll talk about the definitions between what a vanity metric is and what a performance metric is.
Actually, it's just a for fun exercise. I typed into Google vanity metric definition and performance metric definition, and these are what they wrote. They're actually pretty accurate especially the vanity one. It says vanity metrics are things like registered users, downloads, and raw page views. They're easily manipulated and do not necessarily correlate to the numbers that really matter. I like that definition, because it's essentially saying that vanity metrics are not something that you should be interpreting as telltale of good performance or bad performance.
Performance metrics are going to be the opposite of that. The definition that they came up with was a performance metric is that which determines an organization's behavior and performance. Performance metrics measure an organization's conversions and performance, which I think is a little redundant to say that performance metrics measure an organization's performance, but it is what it does.
This is something that we tell all of our clients is so important. It's also one of the major things that differentiates our company from other companies is that we do always stay focused on the performance metrics, and we really try to filter out the vanity metrics. There are uses for vanity metrics, and I have a lot of blogs that I've written about many of the vanity metrics, which we'll go over today.
It's not they're useless. It's that when we're talking about whether a campaign or an account, or a platform, or whatever is performing well or not performing well, vanity metrics are not going to be telltale performance, whereas performance metrics are something that we can look at and determine just from that metric whether or not this campaign is doing well.
What I'm going to be doing for each one of these slides that I go through is I'm going to give you an example of an actual account. I used an example of one of our accounts over the last two months worth of data. The data itself isn't going to be all that relevant. I'll just be talking about how we should be interpreting that data, and we'll classify each of the columns that I'll be reviewing as either vanity metric or performance metric.
I'll be giving at a scale an average rating of importance on a scale of 1 to 10. I'll ramble for a bit any additional notes that I think are relevant. Yeah, I'll go and review that stuff with you guys too. Let's go ahead and start here. Here is the table that I am going to be using. We're going to start with cost here. What I want to review with you first is you can see each one of these columns here. I have cost, clicks, impressions, average cost per click, et cetera, et cetera.
Each one of these columns, this is the core columns that I look at whenever I'm in any given account. Just to start of saying even if I give one of these things a very high score, a very low score, it doesn't necessarily mean that I only look at this, or I never look at this. I look at all of these metrics every single time I go into an account. I think one of the variables I actually give a score of 1 out of 10. Just because the score is so slow doesn't mean that it's not important. It means that in terms of performance or determining performance, it doesn't have as much weight as some of the other ones.
It doesn't mean that it's not an important variable. It's still important, and just because a metric is a vanity metric doesn't mean that we shouldn't be looking at it. It just means that there are different applications for it than determining good performance versus bad performance. The first one here is cost. Cost, I gave a 7 out of 10. The reason that I gave cost a pretty high score of 7 out of 10 is because … You can see the note at the bottom here. It says higher spend equals higher priority. That's very true.
If we have a keyword that is spending, I don't know, let's say $100 a month, and then we have another keyword that spends $1000 a month, that keyword that spends $1000 a month is going to be more important than the keyword that spends $100 a month, because any changes or improvements that we can make with that keyword, whether we're increasing the bids or decreasing or whatever, it's going to have a higher impact on the account because it consumes more of the budget.
Keywords with lower spent aren't necessarily not important. It just means that there's less data to work with. You can see that the second note that I have here is statistical significance. A campaign for example this first campaign that is $30,000 worth of spending it, there's definitely statistically significant data in that campaign, because it spent so much. It's gotten over 10,000 clicks. We could definitely be sure that that data is very, very, very accurate to the 99th percentile.
Now, with some of these bottom campaigns, the ones that spent $100 or $400, we can't necessarily be sure that some of those statistics are going to perform that way over a long period of time just because there is a very low amount of spent. Just buy this number of cost. Being able to see the difference between $30,000 over $100 gives us an idea of whether or not we should be taking the rest of the data in these other columns with a grain of salt or not.
Again, just to reiterate, the higher dollar account, we can be sure that these metrics are pretty accurate. With the lower dollar campaigns, we're not as sure that those are going to perform like that over a longer period of time. That's cost 7 out of 10. Let's go and go to the next slide here, which is clicks. I also included impressions in here. Impressions, I actually don't really look at all that often. That's more of a metric to determine the click through rate. I threw it in here because they're similar.
The overall score that I gave for clicks and impressions is 3 out of 10. I definitely classify clicks as a vanity metric. We look at clicks and impressions for the same reason that we look at cost, or the same reason that we look at cost. That's to determine statistical significance. The first time, we were looking at dollar amounts. If we were looking at a campaign that had $100 worth of spent … We'll actually go back to the previous slide. If we're looking at a campaign with $100 worth of spent, like this one here, that looks not statistically significant compared to this one that has $30,000.
However, if we're looking at two campaigns, both of them have $100 worth of spent, but the average cost per click in one of them is $2, and the average cost per click in another on is $.05, that means that within that $100 if you're getting 5 cents per click, you're going to have a lot of clicks. That means that the statistical significance of that one is going to be significantly higher even though both of those campaigns have the exact amount spent.
Cost is similar to clicks and impressions, and that we're looking at it to determine whether or not they're statistical significance with the data that we're viewing. We're confirming whether or not we should be over r under analyzing certain other columns in the account. The reason that it has a lower score than cost is just because budget is so much more important to people that clicks. If a client tells me that I want to be spending $4,000 a month, and then I come back and I tell them I accidentally spent $8,000 this month, they're going to be pretty pissed at me.
However, if a client says that my target 4,000 clicks, and I say that I got them 5,000 clicks or 6,000 clicks, it just says a little bit less weight. Most people tend to look at things in terms of dollars, not in terms of clicks even though they can be used interchangeably, so cost is definitely something that I think is more important just because clicks can be … It can change so much. A display network click can cost downwards of 5 cents like in the example we're just talking about. Then there are certain search network keywords that can cost up to $50 for a click.
Talking about paying for 100 clicks at $100 a click versus paying for 100 clicks at 5 cents a click, there is a big difference there. Cost is a little more accurate in terms of how consuming any given keyword might be in an account. Anyways, let's move forward here. Next one is average cost per click, which I gave a score of 5 out of 10. I still classify cost per click as a vanity metric. It's a little better, I'm sorry, than the clicks or impressions. The reason that I look at cost per click is for example, you can look in this account here. We see some of these campaigns have cost per clicks of $3. Then there are other campaigns that have cost per clicks of 60 cents.
If all those is equal between this campaign where the cost per click is $3 versus the cost per click being $1 or 60 cents or significantly lower than that, then what we can do in terms of account optimization if we're trying to cut spent, or we're trying to reallocate spent from under performers towards the good performers, we can try to bring down the cost per click of our higher cost per click keywords, something that has a cost per click of $15, and we can reduce the cost per click of that keyword by 10%. That's going to have a much larger effect than reducing the cost per click on a keyword that is $1.
That's pretty straightforward. You can see the first note here. It says budget allocation, that higher cost per click equals less overall traffic within a given budget. If we have a budget of $5,000 a month, and our average cost per click in one campaign is $15, the other one is $1, being able to make any optimizations on those $15 clicks is just going to have a higher impact on the overall what we can get out of that $5,000 a month budget. That's the reason that cost per click or that I view that cost per click being important.
The last note here is that average cost per click is it directly correlates with quality scores. If you have a quality score of 10, or a quality score of 1, that's directly going to affect what your cost per click is. If you can look at trends overtime of cost per click, of seeing like, "Okay, the cost per click has increased slightly over the course of 2016, or decreased, you can actually determine what's happening with your quality scores assuming all else is equal. You can see if your quality scores are going up or down, which is cool, just by looking at these metrics. That's cool.
Google doesn't have a great way of looking at quality scores across the whole entire campaign or whole entire account, so cost per click is my second best variable that I use here. Anyways, moving forward, the next one here is click through rate. I actually gave this one a 1 out of 10. A lot of people will see this, and immediately disagree, and say that click through rate is amazing and so important. Again, just because I gave something a low metric does not mean that it is not an important variable. In fact, click through rate is actually the most important variable.
You can see the note down here. It says that click trough rate is relative, not comparative between campaigns and industries. The exception to this 1 out of 10 score here is with ad rotations. When you're talking about an A-B split test between two different ads, click through rate is actually the most important thing that you could be looking at. The reason is that if your ad A for example, if you split this in 2 ads, ad A and ad B, ad A has a click through rate of 4%, and ad B has a click through rate of 2%, that's insanely important to know.
That means that one of the ad, it gets clicked on twice as often as another ad, so you definitely want to be using whatever ad copy or whatever you're using to get that twice as many clicks. You definitely want to be emphasizing that as much as possible. CTR is important, but it's not important in terms of determining the performance of a campaign, which is why we classify it as a vanity metric. That's about all I have to say about click through rate. I guess the last note that I want to put in here is going off the CTR being relative, and not comparative.
I've had clients come to me, and give me a budget, give me the keywords that they want to bid on and all that stuff. Then they say something along the lines of, "I want to see at least 4% click through rate." It's such an unimportant metric to be held to just because click through rate, it being t 4% or 8% or 10% or 2% or 0%, it's not important. What's important with your click through rate is you shouldn't be comparing it to other industries and other campaigns, because it is going to be drastically different, and there's no healthy medium.
You can see even the click through rate in this campaign. Some of the campaigns have a click through rate upwards of 22%, some of them are close to 0%. That doesn't necessarily mean that each of those campaigns is doing good or bad. What we try to do with click through rate is just continually improve it over time. It's going to be only relative to what your click through rate was within that campaign last month or the month before that. This first campaign for example, it has a click through rate of 4.38%.
Next month, my goal with that campaign would not be to try and get it up to this other campaign's 22%. My goal would just be to make sure that I have more than 4.38% CTR by the following month. The important thing is that it's always increasing. It doesn't matter what it's currently at, but if next month, it's better than the previous month, and the following month, it's better than that, and its keep improving over time, the reason that that is important is because click through rate is hands down the most important or most dominant variable within Google's algorithm for determining quality scores, which is why we value it so highly when we're doing ad rotations.
Getting your click through rate to slowly improve over time, it's going to have the most weight on improving your quality scores. It's very important to keep click through rate in mind. It's just in terms of determining performance. It means next to nothing, which is why we give it that 1 out of 10. Anyways, that's about all I have to say on click through rate. Let's go and move ahead here.
Now, on to our first performance metric here, which is conversations or cost per conversation, or pretty much any piece of data that involves conversion. Cost per conversion if you have conversion values for your conversions like let's say you say that a quote form is worth $200, your phone call is worth $100 to you, then you can use something like conversion value divided by cost. You get the idea. Anything that has to do with conversion is definitely a performance metric, definitely 10 out of 10.
The first note I have here is conversions are the epitome of performance. I mean, it's the most important thing. If you're a business, and you're trying to get ecommerce sales, or you're trying to get phone calls so that your sales team can generate revenue for your company, that's what's going to turn into dollars for your company so that you can make profit, your business can keep running, et cetera. Improving conversions is extremely important.
I don't really think I have to say too much about that, because I think it's pretty straightforward. One thing I will say is that you should be making weekly changes in your accounts based on your conversion data. If you look over the last 7 days worth the data for example, the data we're looking at right now is over the course of 2 months for this particular client, but I would recommend coming in here every week looking at the last 7 days, and giving a little boost to the ones that did well.
Let's say your threshold for cost per conversion is $50, any keyword that at a cost for conversion that was better than $50, or I guess would be lower, because a lower CPA is better, then you would want to give that a small little boost like 5% or 10% increase on their bids. Whereas something that didn't meet that threshold there is "an under performer," you want to be reducing bids on that.
You don't only want to be looking at, and I'm probably [inaudible 00:18:22] a little far off here and getting into account optimization stuff, but you don't only want to look at 7-day increments. You also want to look at larger time frames. I've written a couple blogs about keeping an eye on your date ranges in the past. It's important to also look at how things are trending over longer periods of time as well.
While it's important to be looking at the last 7 days, and giving boost to the things that are doing well, and they keep things current, it's also important to look over for example, it's July right now, I may go into an account, and look at all of the data from January 1st to now in July. If something has been spending money, and it's not converting over a 6-month period, even if it's not spending that much amount because something may not spend very much over the course of a month, they're even 7 days, so our 7-day view, it's going to fly under the radar just because it doesn't spent a lot.
If it spends over the course of 6 months, it may actually be spending a lot of money, and not converting, so it's important to be looking at longer than 7-day date ranges as well when you're making a bit optimization changes based on conversions. Moving forward here, and this is actually the last one. This is impression share, which I also gave a score of 10 out of 10, and labeled it as a performance metric. Some people would hear that, and disagree with me immediately, because impression share doesn't actually … It's not actually telltale performance.
It doesn't tell you how many sales you're making. That being said, making bit optimization changes on your accounts based on impression share is hands down. Except for conversions, it's the most important thing you can be making changes off of. It's also one of the things that you could be aware of in terms of budget allocation, because if you have a campaign that has 100% impression share, for example this Brandy campaign right here has a 94% impression share.
Let's say that campaign spends $100 a day, and you're like, "Okay, this campaign is doing extremely well. I want to spend 10 times as much money in there." Your impression share is already 94%, meaning that you're already showing 94% of the time that you could be showing, so you can't spend 10 times more in there, because there's only 6% left for you to show. You could spend a little bit more, that last little 6%. That's why impression share is so important, because it tells you how much more or less you could be spending in a campaign.
The more that you spend on a campaign, the more diminishing returns that you're going to see. The reason that that happens is because to get into those higher ad positions, to show in the number 1 position versus the number 3 position or not at all, it's going to cost you more as you go up the ranks like that. What that does is that increase your cost per click. If your cost per click is higher, so if you're paying $10 a click versus $5 a click, at a certain point, that keyword is no longer going to be profitable for you if the cost per click keeps increasing.
Impression share is extremely important to look at, because it gives you an idea of where you're going to start running in the diminishing returns in terms of your ad spent. I get this a lot where people say, "I want to show you for this keyword 100% of the time." Showing 100% of the time for a keyword is easy to do. Set $1000 bids on the keyword, and let it run. You're going to show number 1 every single time.
That being said, that doesn't mean that that's profitable for you. In fact, we very, very often do not want to be showing 100% at a time. The sweet spot for impression share is around 70%. It's a really rough estimate. If your total impression share is about 70%, if you try to go any higher than that, you're probably going to run into some pretty steep walls of diminishing returns. You probably don't want to be spending too much more than that. Anything under that, like if you're sitting at 40% impression share, then you can probably increases closer to 70%.
It gives you an idea of how much more you could be spending in that campaign. The two reasons that you would lose impression share, the first one would be getting outranked, which means that someone either has a higher bid than you or a higher quality score than you, or both. Then the other one is losing impression share to budget. Losing impression share to budget happens because people have budget caps on campaigns.
If you have a limit of spending $100 a day, and your campaign spends $100 by noon, then the campaign shuts itself off. Then any click that could have happened between noon and the end of the day is considered to be impression share lost budget, because you didn't have more money to spend. Impression share is extremely important. It tells you where you're getting outranked. If you're losing a ton of impression share to budget, it means you need to open up your budget, or lower your bids.
I also have average position included in here. Average position is it's similar to impression share, but not nearly as important. Average position by itself is actually not all that important. However, let's say you have an ad that always shows in the number 3 position 100% of the time, what that means is that you would have a search impression share of 100%, but your average position would be 3. That means that you could still bid higher to try and show on a higher average position, but your impression share isn't necessarily going to increase.
Even though that they're similar, and that generally as your impression share increases, so does your average position. They're definitely directly correlated. It doesn't necessarily mean that you should only be looking at impression share. Average position is just that additional variable that is also relevant in terms of determining where your ads are showing.
Moving on here, so a recap of all these metrics. The vanity metrics, we have cost, clicks and impressions. We have average cost per click. Actually, I may have been mistaken in giving average cost per click only 5 out of 10. Maybe the cost in average cost per click should be switched just because average cost per click … I always say that anything that has a denominator is usually more important than variables than don't, so like cost per conversion or cost per click, or anything that's divided by another variable is usually more telltale of performance.
Anyways, these are arbitrary and also situational. Then we have click through rate with a very low vanity metric score the only exception being with ad rotations, where it turns into a 10 out of 10, and it becomes extremely important. Then our performance metrics here, the two most important performance metrics that you should be making changes on in your account are your conversion data and your impression share data.
Anyways, thanks for watching. I hope that you guys find this information useful. Feel free to post any questions, comments in the comment section below. I will see you guys next week. Happy advertising.


Destination marketing organizations (DMOs) can learn two important lessons from this.
The first involves removing barriers that block communication with stakeholders and partners. DMOs often limit themselves by assuming that their stakeholders (city, government, or other) can't or won't make an important change that would increase visitation. However, when you actually get the right stakeholders in the room to talk through an issue, you'll discover that it's possible to find a collective will. To do this, however, you need to focus on how the change will benefit everyone.
The second lesson is improving process efficiencies. Many DMOs focus on marketing outputs and forget to look at what could be more efficient internally. This doesn't have to involve a massive change, but rather a series of incremental gains. How can your organization move faster and become more agile? The Mediterranean ports provide a good analogy here. By revamping the "system of the document exchanges needed by yachts during the entering and exiting phases," they are starting to increase tourism by making themselves easier to visit. Less hassle and greater efficiency means that more gets done, within an organization and as a whole destination.
Your DMO needs to be the leader and visionary of your destination community and this includes working with various stakeholders to remove barriers and allow tourism to flourish in healthy niches. This doesn't mean mass tourism, but rather a systematic approach that is efficient and collaborative.


Kathleen Mary Schaberg, nee Howe, age 81, of Lansing, passed away Friday, Oct. 24, 2003, loving mother of Mary (Bruce) Peterson, Jack (Connie) Schaberg, Kathy (Edward) Kelter, Rita (Gregory) Sullivan, Daniel (Dennis Dompke) Schaberg, Margaret (William) Whoriskey, Patricia (Wayde) Princell and Mary (Robert) Garavaglia; 13 grandchildren; two great-grandchildren; beloved sister Margaret O'Connell; and fond sister-in-law of Mary (Walter) Fiedler. Preceded in death by husband John, son Paul and brother Thomas Howe. Funeral Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2003 at 9:15 a.m. from Schroeder-Lauer Funeral Home, 3227 Ridge Rd., Lansing, to Our Lady of Knock Church, 501 163rd St., Calumet City for Mass at 10 a.m. Interment Assumption Cemetery, Glenwood, IL. Visitation Monday, 2 to 9 p.m. Mrs. Schaberg was a volunteer at the Community Hospital of Munster, IN for 15 years and a founding member of Our Lady of Knock Church of Calumet City, IL. In lieu of flowers, contributions to Mercy Home for Boys and Girls of Chicago or the Sclerodoma Foundation of California would be appreciated. 708-474-0024 .


The UK's seven major electrical contractors at the centre of one of the construction sector's largest industrial relations disputes for over a decade plan to employ fewer skilled workers under a controversial new wage agreement.
The admission - from sources behind the Building and Engineering Services National Agreement (BESNA) on pay and conditions - is likely to increase tensions with workers.
Building understands the contractors want to employ fewer NVQ3 level electricians and more workers at a new "installer" grade, paid at £11.89 an hour rather than £14.83.
Blane Judd, chief executive of the Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association (HVCA), which helped draw up the BESNA, confirmed the contractors planned to employ proportionally fewer skilled workers to "rebalance" their workforces.
Union Unite said the plans would "deskill" the electrical sector.
The HVCA said the move was commercially necessary and all of the employers "have given their guarantee that they will not downgrade their [current] workforce" to the "installer" grade.
The firms have argued that fewer skilled electricians are needed on site because of the rise in pre-fabricated construction methods and that out-dated wage agreements mean international competitors undercut prices.
About 6,000 workers have been asked to sign up to BESNA by the first week of April or face redundancy.
Unite has vowed to ballot the workers at BESNA firms - Balfour Beatty Engineering Services (BBES), NG Bailey, T Clarke, Crown House, Gratte Brothers, Shepherd Engineering Services and SPIE Matthew Hall - for strike action before the changes come into force.
A spokesperson for the contractors said 70% of their workers had so far signed up to the wage agreement.


The City Steamer MM handbag is a contemporary style, inspired by the House's hallmark luggage. Specially treated, it has a "shadow" patina for a characteristic and timeless look. Reworked by Nicolas Ghesquière for Winter 2018, this Sfumato piece is crafted from naturally sleek calf leather.


text:
Marlene Bundgaard Selmer (født Hansen,  12. oktober 1975 i Hillerød) er en dansk autodidakt kunstmaler.

Hun arbejder hovedsageligt med olie på lærred, mixed media og akvareller i abstrakte former. Hendes stil er eksperimenterende og impulsiv – ofte med nye teknikker farvekombinationer og materialer for hvert maleri.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Marlene Bundgaards hjemmeside

Malere fra Danmark
Personer fra Hillerød


Liverpool is a city in the North West of England lying on the coastline if the Irish Sea. It has a population of 497,000 people and it is a part of the metropolitan county of Merseyside although most people associate Liverpool as being part of Lancashire. The city is located on the eastern side of the Mersey estuary and its role as a thriving port has had a huge influence on the local economy over the centuries. People from Liverpool are instantly recognizable as soon as they open their mouths. The "scouse" accent has been part of being a "Liverpudlian" and no one else in the UK sounds like them.
The first settlement in the area was founded at the start of the 13th century but by the middle of the 16th century the population had reached only 500. The city only started to grow as soon as ships started to make their across the Atlantic to the new lands of America. Liverpool became a port for the slave traders who would set off for Africa, take their slaves across to America and then return to Liverpool.
During this time nearby Chester was the major port for the region but it was located on the River Dee, and a combination of the river silting up and vessels becoming larger meant that the area needed a costal port and Liverpool fitted the bill.
The new port particularly benefited from the trade arriving from the West Indies which included sugar, tobacco and fruits. This new business along with the revenue from the slave trade resulted in the port growing quickly. This growth intensified with the onset of the industrial revolution as the inland towns and cities of the North-West looked-for ports to import and export goods and supplies. This industrial activity increased with the building of the first railway line in the country which travelled from Manchester to Liverpool.
The effect on the city was that more jobs were becoming available and attracted by this huge numbers of Irish immigrants made their way across the sea as a result of the potato famine they were facing back in their own country.
During this period Liverpool was one of the wealthiest cities in the country, and as a result the large numbers of population migrated into the city as it was adopting a unique culture. However, with the rapid growth of the city being caused by industrialization, the opposite effect happened when deindustrialization occurred.
The once prosperous city started to experience huge social problems from the start of the 20th century. The docks were not as busy as they once were and also modernization meant that machine were now doing the jobs that men used to do. The city was targeted during the Second World War killing 2,500 people and damaging half the homes. Following the war many of the older areas of the city were rebuilt. A lot of this work took place in the 1960s and this was a good decade for Liverpool. The emergence of musical talent in the city saw many of the area's top acts achieve both national and international success. It was also during this time that two of its football sides cementing their position in the nation's highest league.
From this point forwards Liverpool became seen as a city of creative arts with many people who made careers out of show business coming from the city. However, this was not stopping the decline in Liverpool's importance as a port, and in the 1970s the city had some of the highest rates in unemployment in the country.
Recent generation of the port areas has seen the region recovering economically. There are still jobs at the port but not the numbers that were once seen. There is now more employment in the service sector and in tourism. Firms are keen to locate in the city as it is seen as a good place to work and live.
This positive image was reinforced in 2008 when Liverpool was awarded the European Capital of Culture. The city became famous around the world.