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You are at:Home»In The Media»Articles»Scrapping Air Passenger Duty – Geoff Mawdsley
Scrapping Air Passenger Duty – Geoff Mawdsley
This article by Geoff Mawdsley appeared in Scottish Policy Now.
Following the work of the Smith Commission, the new Scotland Bill proposes to devolve Air Passenger Duty to Scotland, as well as income tax and aggregates levy. Added together with existing taxes which have been devolved to Holyrood, this will give the Scottish Government direct responsibility over the level of 37 per cent of its expenditure. While Reform Scotland believes that the legislation as it currently stands does not go anywhere near far enough toward giving Holyrood control over a basket of taxes which enables it to raise the money it spends, the devolution of Air Passenger Duty (APD) does present Scotland with an opportunity to scrap the tax.
APD is an excise duty which is applied to all chargeable air passengers travelling from a UK airport. The tax came into effect in 1994. From April 2015 there are two destination bands and three rates of pay, depending on the class of travel.
There are a couple of exemptions that are worth noting. From 1 May 2015, children who are under the age of 12 years on the date of the flight, and in the lowest class of travel, are not chargeable passengers.
In addition, passengers carried on flights departing from airports in the Scottish Highlands and Islands region are not chargeable passengers. However, passengers travelling from other areas of the UK to the Highlands and Islands are classed as chargeable passengers. The APD rates as of 1 April 2015 are detailed in the table below:
The tax raised £251m in Scotland in 2013/14, 0.5% of all tax revenue raised in Scotland.
A study by Edinburgh Airport has suggested that the Scottish Government's pledge to cut the tax by 50% could generate up to 3,800 jobs by 2020 and bring an economic benefit of £200m per year. The report can be read in full here, though the following extract from chief executive Gordon Dewar's introduction sums it up.
"The evidence in this report speaks for itself. Our latest findings show that a 50% reduction would provide benefits to Scotland worth £200 million. It would bring considerable benefits to local communities across Scotland by protecting the jobs already dependent on Scotland's airports and creating 3,800 new jobs by 2020.
In addition, our latest findings show that the effect of not reducing APD by at least 50% would cost Scotland nearly one million passengers per annum and that, by 2020, APD would cost the Scottish economy up to £68 million in lost tourism expenditure every year.
Cutting the cost of air travel is an important step towards helping to improve Scottish businesses' international reach.
And these numbers are not just well calculated estimates. They are tangible. Ryanair has publicly committed to delivering more than one million new passengers if APD is abolished in Scotland. Those kinds of commitments illustrate the size of a prize which is presently beyond our grasp. Our research now proves beyond doubt that reducing APD would pay for itself, and some."
In addition to the Edinburgh Airport study, PwC has published UK research which found that significantly reducing or abolishing APD would result in a significant increase to GDP, jobs and would actually increase revenues to the Treasury from other taxes so much that the policy would pay for itself.
Reform Scotland shares the view of the Scottish Chambers of Commerce that even more benefit could be gained by going further and abolishing the tax altogether. Cutting the cost of air travel is an important step towards helping to improve Scottish businesses' international reach.
It has been estimated that around half of Scottish overseas exports are accounted for by just 60 companies. So, while the Scottish Government's target to increase the value of Scottish exports is worthwhile, it is also necessary to increase the number of companies exporting, and cutting the cost of air travel will help towards meeting that goal.
The recommendation to scrap APD was one of those included in our report, Improving Scotland's Business Environment. That report set out 11 policies designed to make Scotland the best place to do business. The other policy recommendations, which can be read in greater detail in the report, were:
Devolve business rates to local authorities in order that they can design their own schemes to suit local requirements
Scrap fuel duty and vehicle excise duty and replace them with pay-as-you-drive road pricing
Make Colleges autonomous charities, free from government control, to give them the same status as universities
Transfer the functions of quangos either to local authorities, government departments or independent bodies
Devolve more taxes to the Scottish Parliament, including Corporation Tax
Reform the planning system, too often an inhibitor of economic growth, to incentivise local authorities
A virtual voucher in childcare, with the money following the child to meet the needs of working parents
All government contractors should be compliant with the Prompt Payment Code, to end late payments culture
A one-stop-shop for government advice to business, with quicker progress on mygov.scot
Certified digital identification of angel investors to improve the efficiency of investment in small businesses


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Brazil GP: Preview - Pirelli
The Brazilian Grand Prix, held in the intense amphitheatre of the Interlagos circuit - close to the heart of Sao Paulo - marks the final appearance of the season for the P Zero White medium and P Zero Yellow soft tyres, nominated together with P Zero Red supersoft this weekend. It's well-known as a race where anything can happen, both in terms of weather and on-track action. Brazil is one of the most important single-country markets for Pirelli in the world, with three major factories producing tyres that equip about half the total number of cars on Brazil's roads.
On the face of it, the Brazil nomination is the same as last year but in actual fact it's a step softer - as all the 2018 compounds are one step softer than their 2017 counterparts.
Brazil is the third-shortest lap of the year (after Monaco and Mexico City) at 4.309 kilometres, meaning that tyres are kept busy with an almost non-stop sequence of corners and plenty of traffic.
In terms of weather, it's perhaps the most unpredictable event of the year: previous races have included the hottest track temperatures seen all season, as well as torrential rain.
The right-rear tyre is the most stressed on the anti-clockwise layout, with tyres subjected to fast corners and combined forces: these high energy loads are the reason for a relatively hard tyre nomination.
Last year's winning strategy was a supersoft-soft one-stopper, but a two-stopper was also seen. A one-stopper is what most teams will probably aim for this year.
Mario Isola: "We're not expecting anything very different to what we've seen during previous years in Brazil: the only change is that we're bringing a nomination that is one step softer. The current medium and soft are similar to last year's soft-supersoft tandem that formed the winning race strategy, while this year's supersoft - the softest tyre we have selected for the weekend - is roughly equivalent to last year's ultrasoft, which didn't come to Brazil. So, this tyre effectively makes its debut at Interlagos. Dealing with traffic and going off-line is always an important aspect to managing the race in Brazil, and due to the high energy loads from the fast corners and possible high temperatures, degradation will be another factor to bear in mind - although we don't expect it to be excessive under normal circumstances."
Brazil GP: Preview - McLaren
Brazil GP: Preview - Haas
Renault's Brazil GP preview
Renault duo look ahead to Brazil
Teams go aggressive in Brazil tyre choice
Mexico GP: Race team notes - Pirelli
Mexico GP: Qualifying team notes - Pirelli
Mexico GP: Practice team notes - Pirelli
Mexico GP: Preview - Toro Rosso
Mexico GP: Preview - Sauber

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Glòria Marín i Moro (Sabadell, 19 de novembre de 1959) és una escriptora de contes infantils i juvenils.

Ha treballat durant onze anys de mestra. Des de 1991 escriu novel·les i obres de teatre per a infants i joves. Va guanyar el Premi Montserrat Roig amb Un matí pelut!, va ser finalista del Premi Ciutat d'Olot de novel·la juvenil 2003 amb l'obra Vaig conèixer en Dakh!, i va guanyar el premi a la millor obra de teatre en català Vila de Vallirana 2007 amb l'obra Enrenou a l'ambulatori!.

Obres
 Bruixes i bruixots (1992), il·lustracions per Pilarín Bayés
 Un matí pelut! (1999)
 La Llufa, quina mofeta! (2000)
 El rellotge de les tretze hores (2002)
 Enrenou a la carta (2002)
 Skimmer! (2005), il·lustracions per Cristina Durán
 Tió: vida secreta d'un caganer (2008)
 La cloïsa Lluïsa (2009)
 Vaig conèixer en Dakh! (2010)
 Quin cap, Clara! (2010)
 Història del Perdut (2012)
 Recony amb la veïna del pis de baix! (2014)
 No sé si vull un nòvio o un gos (2015)
 No surtis de nit... Coautora: Eulàlia Canal (2016)
 Com una tempesta que arriba sense avisar (2018)
 L'extraordinari doctor Rupert. Coautora: Eulàlia Canal (2018)

Referències

Enllaços externs
 L'alegria de viure: Glòria Marín, una mestra de les paraules, a Ràdio Sabadell

Escriptors sabadellencs en català
Escriptors del Vallès Occidental contemporanis en català
Contistes catalans del sud contemporanis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Arbusigny – miejscowość i gmina we Francji, w regionie Owernia-Rodan-Alpy, w departamencie Górna Sabaudia.

Według danych na rok 1990 gminę zamieszkiwało 580 osób, a gęstość zaludnienia wynosiła 47 osób/km² (wśród 2880 gmin regionu Rodan-Alpy Arbusigny plasuje się na 1077. miejscu pod względem liczby ludności, natomiast pod względem powierzchni na miejscu 950.).

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne
 Oficjalna strona Arbusigny

Miejscowości w departamencie Górna Sabaudia


employed versus consulting is a good thing.
pay most of them off.
area of Palo Alto, CA so I put up with it. The people talk too much.
I want. I have rushed at it hurriedly and failed to make traction.
were 8 pips. So I need to refine my technique.
after people and trying to convincement.
idea and really none of the government's business.
explosive shattering of an initially hot relationship.
want to pursue enlightenment via the isolation tank.
and why? Breatharian? Fruitarian? Raw food? Anything I want?
heal people of serious disease without any change in diet?
them followed a natural diet?
doing it, then I must be missing out.
Can I truly make the transition to full-time home business person?
my religious organization based around floatation tanks?
– where do you see yourself in the next week?
Still stuck here I guess. Maybe in a different house. We will see!
meditation house or a house devoted to isolation tanks, maybe both!
establish retreat centers based around the isolation tank.
separate Terrence Brannon to be concerned about.


Foot neuropathy, also called peripheral neuropathy occurs when there is trouble with the nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord. It is characterized by a painful tingling sensation and numbness in the foot. Foot neuropathy can also cause weakness and slow reactions of the foot because the peripheral nerve is damaged. This condition is very incapacitating and without neuropathy treatments, the symptoms will probably be there for the rest of the patient's life.
One of the major causes of foot neuropathy is diabetes, but there are other ailments that can also cause the condition. Hereditary diseases such as Friedrich's Ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth can lead to this condition. Excessive alcohol use can end with alcoholic neuropathy. Systemic and metabolic disorders can also cause foot neuropathy. B-12 and other vitamin and/or mineral deficiencies can result in the condition. Other causes include infectious and inflammatory diseases, exposure to poisonous substances, trauma, and injury.
Currently, there is no known cure for foot neuropathy. All the treatments are used to relieve the symptoms and signs of the condition. Treatments involve medicines the include pain relievers, anti-seizure medications, anti-depressants, numbing cream patch, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
If diabetes is the cause for the foot neuropathy, your doctor will most likely recommend a regimen of good diet practices along with exercise to control blood sugar levels. Actually, if a healthy diet is maintained, many of the symptoms of foot neuropathy will be lessened or eliminated. Eating right really does make a difference.
Another treatment that is getting a lot of buzz today is the application of neuropathy creams. Many of these creams contain the ingredient capsaicin, a substance found in hot chili peppers that effectively blocks neuropathic pain. Using creams like this will help relieve pain from areas that have the neuropathy symptoms. You do need to use it for about 3-4 weeks, though, before you can feel a significant difference.
Other alternative treatments include acupuncture, massage, and decompression surgery. Whether acupuncture or massage benefits those with foot neuropathy remains to be documented. Decompression surgery seeks to decompress the foot's constricted nerves thereby increasing circulation and preventing further nerve damage. Of course, as with any surgery, there is always a measure of risk.
Always consult your doctor before beginning any neuropathy treatment. With his or her guidance, you can create a combination of treatments that will get you back on the right track to health and wellness.


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Q: .txt embed in .asp file I'm new to ASP and having a little trouble.
A CMS is pushing out data into .txt files. I do not have the option to change what the CMS outputs, so they have to be .txt files.
a text file named textfile.txt looks like this:
widetxt=
Hello world!
&done=1

I need to display the "widetxt" variable on an .asp page.
The directory structure is like this:
ASP file is at the root of a folder, textfile.txt is located in a folder named "txt" off of the root folder.
index.asp
[txt]
  |----textfile.txt

I tried the below code in the asp file, but I get a 500 error: "500 - Internal server error.
There is a problem with the resource you are looking for, and it cannot be displayed."
<%
Set fs = CreateObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject")

Set wfile = fs.OpenTextFile(Server.MapPath("txt/textfile.txt"),1,true))
filecontent = wfile.ReadAll

wfile.close
Set wfile=nothing
Set fs=nothing

response.write(filecontent)
%>

I know for a fact both files are on the server and are where they are supposed to be.
If i remove the above code, and just put:
<%
response.write("Hello World!")
%>

the asp file works. So something in the OpenTextFile code is wrong, but i do not have the experience to know what it is.
Any help would be appreciated.

A: Set wfile = fs.OpenTextFile(Server.MapPath("txt/textfile.txt"),1,true))

You have one too many ) at the end of this statement. Every ( should have a matching ).
Set wfile = fs.OpenTextFile(Server.MapPath("txt/AttachmentFix.txt"),1,true)

Also, I don't see the remainder of your code, but after your response.write(filecontent) make sure to set filecontent as Nothing.
Set filecontent = Nothing

Also, when you're developing in Classic ASP @jsobo is right - you should have Friendly Error messages disabled as you can see what errors the script is throwing back.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Well, our long-awaited adventure in North Carolina has begun! We took an overnight train to Washington, DC, and met our nephew and niece for breakfast at the station – it was so good catching up with David and Erica and hearing about their jobs and trips and plans. About noon we got on a very slow and very bumpy train to Raleigh – sometimes it felt like we were traveling in a covered wagon, or at least what my imagination tells me that would have been like.
As the train pulled into the station in the evening, there on the platform we could see our daughter, pregnant and due to give birth any day now. What an amazing and beautiful sight! We've been getting organized and settled in here at Dima & Larisa's comfortable home in Chapel Hill, and now the last stretch of waiting begins… A new twig on our family tree will soon be welcomed into the world.
An old friend of mine from high school happens to live in the neighboring town of Carrboro. Last night she and her husband took us to an outdoor stone amphitheater, Forest Theatre, where we saw a giant puppet show, "The Painted Bird," a production of the Paperhand Puppet Intervention. It was spectacular! I have to say I was dazzled by the huge brightly colored puppets, the astonishing choreography, the live orchestra and special sound effects. Some of the smaller field and forest creatures even slipped into the audience to interact with some of the children. What a sensual treat!
THE PAINTED BIRD is an enchanted pageant of weaving colors, huge puppets, rabbits, mice, and hedgehogs! It is a story of where we came from and how we got here. From the little creatures of the fields and forests, emerging from the brown earth, to the lumbering beasts of green sunlit pastures, all dancing to the rhythms of life. It is a story of time and forgetfulness. Who of us can remember the story of the Painted Bird who carries all the shades of the world on its wings, when the land has gone grey and the light faded? The furry creatures of forest and field must work together to keep a numbing greyness from sweeping across the land. Will the colors be consumed entirely from the world by the ever-encroaching grey? Come see for yourself, and the Painted Bird will rise with our own dreams of a brighter world this summer.
Sometimes it was fun to watch the children watching the show, their attention riveted, their eyes wide with wonder. And the lovely tall trees surrounding the amphitheater added their energy to the magic of the evening.
I'm soooooooo excited for the birth of you granddaughter!
This IS going to be a WONDER-ful visit! Soak up every second!
It's so amazing seeing and feeling the baby move, wonderful indeed!
I am thinking about you EVERY DAY! Can't wait to hear how things go… On an interesting side, we have a nearby theater called the Forest Roberts Theater.


Amen brother. One of my first job interviews out of college was for a marketing position with Vector Marketing. Which wasn't marketing at all … it was selling Cutco knives. I happen to like Cutco knives and we have bought a bunch from young college-aged kids we know (now that we're at a point in life that we can actually afford them). However, the ads that drew me to their spiel some 25 years ago were totally misleading and I see the practice hasn't changed that much in the decades since.
Derek: I greatly appreciate your candidness and openness about these companies. It only helps me in my job search to be pursuing the legit ones and not wasting my time. Thanks!


But perhaps the most significant part to both our cybersecurty in the near term, and Obama's true impact in the long term, is the aspect that often gets short shrift in cybersecurity discussions: the human side. Building an actual state of cybersecurity is about technology, organization, AND people. Yet, we have a looming human resources gap in the field of some 1 million plus workers. Indeed, while it is valuable to create new cybersecurity positions inside government, there are already a wide array of important ones already open. At the FBI, for instance, nearly 40 percent of the cybersecurity experts jobs are unfilled, with many field offices lacking a professional for their cyber units. There is also a massive diversity problem, with minorities and women under-represented, even compared to the already low numbers in the technology workforce (only 10 percent of the cybersecurity field is women, a number that actually went down from 11 percent the year before). The new plan creates incentives to start to tackle this problem area that range from scholarships for cybersecurity education to loan forgiveness programs for experts that join the government. They are nowhere near enough, but it's a valuable start.
Even if everything in the plan is implemented, which is a big "if" in the final year of a presidency with a restive Congress, much would remain to be done in cybersecurity policy. There are gaps that range from Capital Hill clarifying just how the information sharing legislation it just passedactually is to be implemented to the need for a cyber deterrence strategy at the Pentagon that builds resilience, rather than following old Cold War models.


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Contact Goosetown Communications today to learn about the addition of Goosetown Communicator and how that simple addition can easily become a game changer for your business. Let us show you how you can use this highly effective communication network to improve safety and performance for your business.


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Reposted: The Nineteenth Talkartoon: The Bum Bandit, my second look
Now my third look, I suppose, if this counts as a fresh look. Not sure I have much to add to these comments from 2018. But I am amazed again to look at the animation and see how much better, in technique, the Fleischer studios got in only two years. I mention it in my original comments, but rewatching all these shorts in a month's time emphasizes how fast they improved.
I've already covered the next Talkartoon, The Bum Bandit, a while ago, when I was doing a review of milestones in Betty Boop cartoons. But it's been a while, and I'm a slightly different person from whom I was then. And there's a difference between looking at a cartoon as part of the Talkartoons series and looking at it as part of Betty Boop's character development. We'll see what comes out different this time. I'm not looking at my earlier comments before writing this.
The Bum Bandit was originally released the 3rd of April, 1931. Its main animators were Willard Bowsky and Al Eugster. We've seen both animators before, although not teamed like this. Also animating, without credit, was Grim Natwick, says Wikipedia. I don't know that they have evidence for this other than that Betty Boop appears. We'll see.
Slight content warning: there's a racist joke at about 3:57 in, with a blackfaced character and five, presumably stolen, chickens up his sleeve and going "yassir".
There's an easy way to think of the Talkartoons. They were this bunch of things the Fleischers did, with sound and extended music bits, while they were busy discovering Betty Boop. Then once they did, they had the Betty Boop series in all but name and, by the end of 1932, in name too. It's kind of a Whiggish history. Going through each cartoon, even the ones forgotten because they don't have Betty Boop in them, shows what it was more probably like: poking around to find some good ideas, finding a fairly decent one in Bimbo, and gradually realizing they had a much better character in Betty Boop.
And this cartoon is almost a miniature of that progression. It starts with Bimbo, certainly. And he's puttering around doing nothing in particular. This allows a couple of pretty good shooting gags, as none of his shots hit anything near where they ought, and what they do hit makes no contextual sense. One hates to over-praise randomness as a comic virtue, but to unintentionally shoot a cow out of the sky has this gleeful, childish chaos to it. And then, as he tries to rob a train, Betty Boop takes over. Bimbo stays in the cartoon, but he's not driving the action anymore.
At least, it's mostly Betty Boop. She's finally gotten the rail-thin body that marks Canonical Betty. She hasn't got the right voice, though. She's voiced (not badly) by Harriet Lee, rather than by Mae Questel (or some others) doing a Helen Kane impression. And she's introduced as Dangerous Nan McGrew. I'm open to the argument that this isn't Betty Boop yet. She doesn't act like Betty.
Curiously, perhaps, Dangerous Nan McGrew was also the titular character of a 1930 Mack Sennett comedy starring Helen Kane. I haven't seen that movie, so won't venture any guesses about how that movie might have influenced the character or this cartoon. I mean, Wikipedia puts the movie in the "See also" section for this short, and vice-versa, but that falls short of saying whether there was deliberately a link or what it was.
The cartoon has a slightly weird story setup: we spend some time with Bimbo, establishing that as a bandit he's kind of a menace. At least he's willing to shoot, if ineptly. Then Betty Boop/Dangerous Nan comes on, harangues him, and takes him off back home. And that's it. I'm used to a Fleischer cartoon rambling its way around the plot; it's surprising to have one that's basically two scenes and no development of anything.
I can't say there's a blink-and-you-miss-it joke. There's a lot of jokes, some quite ridiculous, but they're all given enough time to be noticed and appreciated. And none that run on too long, which is a nice feat. Maybe Bimbo's sheepish "No" after Dangerous Nan asks whether he's found that cow yet. I'm tickled by Bimbo's robbing the squirrel, but your tastes are your own. There's several mice, passengers on the train, although there's enough mixed species that none of them stand out as obviously Mickey Mouse riffs.
Also the scene of the train screeching to a halt, with this long zooming in until Bimbo stands front and center, is really well-done. The Fleischer cartoons get some respect for technological innovation, albeit mostly in stuff like the multi-plane camera with real-world sets in the background. They get less credit for stuff like this. It makes a simple scene more exciting than it needs to be, and good for them for that.
The center of the short is this song "The Holdup Rag". I can't find evidence that the song existed before this cartoon. If it is original for this short, then that's the more impressive since it is a really catchy tune that I could see being modestly popular in its own right. I don't remember it being used for similar hold-up or robbery scenes in other cartoons. This seems odd and probably I'm just not thinking of reuses of the song.
And now on looking at my earlier comments: I'm relieved I don't say anything that seems particularly ridiculous to me now, especially since apparently I just reviewed this back in June? It doesn't seem like that recently, but 2017 was a lot of a year.
Author Joseph NebusPosted on September 11, 2021 September 11, 2021 Categories Humor, Humour, Studying HumorTags 1930, animation, Betty Boop, cartoons, Fleischer Cartoons, Talkartoons
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Zim maniacally laughed from his roof at the pathetic human cities as they crumbles, fire churning the buildings to rubble and smoke filling the sky with black foreboding clouds. Gir was busy running around singing his infamous "Doom Song," gleefully prancing over the ashen ruins of humanity. It was a glorious conquest. Zim cast his victorious gaze across the panic struck streets, watching the vain attempts to escape. He stopped suddenly, both in sight and laughter, as his ruby eyes focused on one unmoving body, the black of the hair and clothes contrasting against the red chaotic background, the golden eyes mirroring the flames. Zim felt his chest constrict with pain. The Dib walked closer, passing through the crowds untouched. Suddenly the panic and terror all around him registered as Zim looked frantically from one burning building to the next. He'd destroyed Dib's planet, his home. Dib silently crept up until he stood in the front yard, staring at Zim from the ground. Zim expected anger, hatred, fear, something around those lines. Not a smile. Not the small tweak of his lips and the dim glow behind glass-framed eyes. Outrage, guilt, and confusion, not Dib's, but Zim's own, screamed through the Irkin's veins. How dare the human ruin his moment of triumph! And yet, at that moment, out of the corner of his eye, a sudden movement caught his attention. He watched as the lawn gnomes turned, facing the intruder with weapons ready. There wasn't time to warn, nor was there time to disengage their defense mechanism. There was only time to watch.
He had heard before and seen in small accounts, but it was unmistakable now. Humans bled in red.
From the roof to the ground was a painful leap but mindlessly, Zim jumped, hearing the snap of a bone as he stumbled from the grass to the red-washed sidewalk. Dib's eyes were closed, the glasses broken and strewn across the grass in shattered shards.
"Awww...Master's enemy Dib is dead�." Gir said in a hushed tone of reverence that was quickly dispelled with a random, "WEEEEE! AH HA HAH AHA HA!" as the undisguised robot danced and frolicked around the prone body, splashing in the puddles of blood.
"Gir, stop that at once!" Zim tried to shout, finding his mouth full of something that was instantly expelled as his jaw dropped. He opened his mouth again experimentally, finding more of this something pouring out like water from a pitcher. It tasted metallic and felt thick in his mouth. He looked into his hands, watching them fill with the liquid pouring from his mouth. It was red, just like the fluids that drained from Dib's lifeless form. The Irkin gagged, choking on the bile that rose to meet the never-ending flow of blood from his orifice.
"Master defeated the stupid Dib human!" Gir sang, unaware of the frantic scene. He danced more, his body dripping with the splashed blood, turning the turquoise into crimson. "Stupid, stupid huuuman!" he chanted. "Stupid, stupid Diiiiib! Hey, I know!" A sudden arsenal of pointed objects protruded from his head cap. "Let's dissect him!"
Zim watched the fires dance over the many blades, almost mesmerized by them. "No, Gir!" he burbled over the flow of blood. "Leave him alone!"
The SIR unit seemed to ponder the slurred wet speech with a curious lift to his glowing eyes. "I understand," it squeaked. And with that, it lifted its tools and sliced into the yielding peach flesh, through the black cloth of the T-shirt with practiced ease.
There was so much blood. It was everywhere, in everything. All over the metal floor. Splashing like raindrops with an audible plop.
"My, these humans have an interesting biology!" Purple commented, leaning into the glass on the observation deck, peering down into the display far below in the circular room.
Zim looked up to see the Tallest standing beside him. A quick look around showed all the invaders of Operation Impending Doom II. All of them looked immensely entertained by the floorshow below.
The piercing scream drew Zim's attention to the spectacle as well. The railing was too high. He jumped up and down, straining to see through the glass and down into the observatory lab. What was going on? What was everyone looking at? Someone seemed to register his plight and soon gently lifted him up so he could see as well.
Dib's eyes were open in shock, his mouth wide in echoing screams as Irkin doctors extracted organs from an open cavity in his torso. Tears streamed down his face as pain contorted his features, his limbs shaking in their restraints.
"Dib!" Zim shouted, clawing at the glass with fingers scratching against the surface, "He's alive! Stop! Wait!"
"We always knew you could do it!" Red praised, lowering Zim to the ground. "Even as short as you are, Irkin Invader blood marches through your veins!"
The Tallest both smiled, bringing their hands together in short, repetitive claps. One by one the other observers joined in.
Clap. Clap. Clap. Clap. Clip clap. Clip clap. Clip clap. Clip clap clack. Clip clap clack. Clip clap clack. Clip clap clack. Clap...clap�drip...drip�drip�.
Zim stood alone in the dissection room, gazing at the mutilated body on the table; an unbound arm hung off the end, a trail of blood flowing down and pooling at the fingertips. Most of the body was mercifully concealed with a pure white sheet, the lone arm and the tufts of black hair the only evidence a body was even there. Jars and bottles held the extracted organs floating in multicolored liquids, with labels that read only questionable names. The lungs were in the first jar labeled "pink bags," while the next-the "squiggly tubes"-were his intestines. A whole table was designated for the various containers holding the human components. Alone they were nothing but organs. On the dissection table lay nothing but a body, an empty vessel covered in a blanket. Zim walked the counter of jars, almost brought to laughter at the designated labels, stopping at the one called the "pump thingy." The human heart. The Irkin looked at it critically. All of humanities strongest emotions were supposed to come from the heart, he'd read: anger, hatred, fear, loathing, sickness...love. And in the end it was nothing more than a specimen in a jar. And yet�. Zim crept closer, his hands grasping the warm glass. Warm. And in sudden, startled fear he let it go. The glass container fell to the ground, smashing into countless pieces on impact. The "pump thingy" lay in the midst of it all, beating, constricting with an almost audible resonance. Zim shrieked, jumping away from it in horror.
"What are you doing, Zim?"
The Irkin turned, his pulse racing in his head. "Dib?!"
Dib leaned against the tree, his features shaded and enlightened by the cascading rays of sunlight that filtered through the leaves. Behind the glass frames, his eyes focused skeptically on Zim. "Are you feeling okay? You don't look so well."
Zim shook his head. "No...I feel fine." He smiled, taking Dib's hand in his own. "What were you saying?"
"Nothing." Dib gave the hand a small squeeze. "Just making small talk."
The clouds drifted like rabbit tails in the blue expanse of the sky with kites skittering across like pebbles skipping over lakes.
Zim turned his head, "Why are we here?"
Zim shot up, his eyes narrowing. "You LIE, human!" The Irkin jumped to his feet, backing away slowly. "Why are you doing this? You're supposed to be chasing me and screaming threats and flashing your troublesome earth technology at me!"
Dib looked up with an understanding smile. "Oh, you want to play THAT game." He got to his feet, standing inches before Zim. "Okay then." He closed the distance between them with a light, feathery kiss on the lips. "Run."
The sheets fell from Zim's sweat-sheened body as he forced himself to consciousness and out of the hellish nightmares that plagued his sleep. His breath came in short gasps as his pulse continued to feed fire through his veins. His hands grasped the sheets in fistfuls, his limbs shaking.


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ConvertiX Media
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Want to improve results? Test, measure, analyze, and never stop working to improve. It's the CRO circle of life...
Improve Results
The domain of Improving Conversion Rates utilizes a variety of tactics aimed at increasing the percentage of visitors converting on the site.
What is a conversion? It could be the purchase of a product/service, an app download, a newsletter subscription, or any other action that can be performed through your site. The goal is to identify and remove obstacles that surfers face in converting, and to strengthen elements that support conversion. If you feel that visitors on your site are not doing enough, contact us.
How do visitors reach your site? Where are they headed? Are they on a computer, tablet, or smartphone? How long do they stay? Which pages are most viewed? Have you reached your goals? Answering questions like these will help you understand your site visitors and their user experience, and allow you to make changes that will improve conversion rates.
There are dozens of analytic tools that let you monitor the traffic on your site: Google Analytics, Seevolution, Hotjar, Crazyegg, ClickTale Heat map, Click map, Scroll map, etc. Feel free to check them out yourself, but remember that we are quite experienced with these tools and their benefits. Just say the word, and we will start analyzing your site.
Conversion Rate Optimization is how you regularly review the purchasing processes and operations of your site. For example, if you sell a product or service, use forms or landing pages to collect customer details. You should always be monitoring these processes.
Which fields are required and which are optional? Are the colors of the selection buttons effective? Is the process easy for surfers? Can they purchase something without signing up? What about Chatbots? When in the right hands, analytic tools can provide you with a deep understanding of the purchasing processes and operations on your site, so that you can constantly improve.
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What is a conversion?
Conversions are every action we want surfers to do on the site: open, click, fill out a form, read, register, enter credit card details, etc.
To improve the chances of conversion, we measure and monitor surfer behavior. The data collected helps us determine at which stages we should push them to perform the desired conversion.
We would love to meet and tell you about some of the ways you can do it.
What is an improvement in conversion ratios?
Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) seeks to maximize the potential for websites to turn visitors into regular customers. This domain has existed since the early days of the internet and has gained significant momentum alongside the development of eCommerce. As you read this sentence, it continues to improve.
How do I measure conversion ratios?
Conversion ratios can be measured using various tools available on the network.
Google Analytics tracks visitors and provides demographic, behavioral, and technical data about them, such as the devices and browsers they connect to, and more.
Tools like Lucky Orange use a heat map to record surfer behavior in real time. These tools offer you a snapshot of your visitors' behavior on the site.
Managing or promoting a website without these tools is like driving with your eyes closed. Without monitoring your visitors' behavior with these tools, you are simply wasting your time.
How do I calculate conversion ratios?
Relative conversion can be calculated using ROI - Return on investment.
Let's say you want to spend ₪1,000 a month advertising a product that costs ₪100. If you recruit 10 new customers through advertising, your conversion rate is 10/1000, i.e. 1%.
If you have managed to recruit more customers without having to increase your investment, you have improved the conversion ratio and have made a profit.
How do I improve conversion rates?
First, determine which action matters to you -- what do you want surfers to do? Then, figure out the best method for getting them to do it.
For this to happen, ask yourself these questions:
• What are the indicators of success?
• Is the path clear and effective from the user perspective?
• What do you think is micro-conversion and macro-conversion?
Regularly tracking the data enables you to refine the path to conversion and put the site on track for success.
What are leads?
Leads are the information and/or details about potential customers that will help you turn them into paying customers.
Leads are mainly collected by e-mail addresses and/or calls made by interested customers that allow salespeople to handle them and maybe propose unique offers that will convince them to become paying customers.
Let us prove it to you...
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Q: how to detect VerticalOffset's changes? I'm using a ScrollViewer and want to know when VerticalOffset's value changes. couldn't find an event. can I detect that?
<ScrollViewer Name="scrollViewer">

</ScrollViewer>

A: Don't know what you are actually trying to do, but I wrote an article on the Nokia developer site that allows you to track the vertical offset of the scrollviewer and manipulate another UI element.
I guess it has all the needed info for your question?
Take a look at it here http://developer.nokia.com/Community/Wiki/How_to_keep_a_UI_element_in_view_when_scrolling_a_page_in_Windows_Phone
There are 2 important parts in that you must not forget, first in the scrollviewer set the property ManipulationMode to Control
ManipulationMode="Control"

Secondly to get hold of the vertical offset, you'll need to search for the VerticalScrollBar inside the ScrollViewer, like this:
_vBar = ((FrameworkElement)VisualTreeHelper.GetChild(ScrollViewer, 0)).FindName("VerticalScrollBar") as ScrollBar;
_vBar.ValueChanged += _vBar_ValueChangedHandler;


The Ricochets were one of the first wave of Psychobilly bands, springing forth from the Rockabilly scene. Their drummer and bassist both played in the Guana Batz later on, and the drummer also played with The Meteors and The Highliners. Classic early Psychobilly, lots of tracks. The first two tracks are classics of their type. Track 7 is the Billy Idol/Generation X anthem and track 15 is a cover of a Slade song.
The Ricochets started out as the backing band for Marney Webb (look out for his 'Still searchin' - a great track), and were originally known as 'Pink And Black'. They were a pretty average covers band in the beginning, but a girl that hung around with them had some cool ideas. I went to one of their rehearsals with a view to doing something with them, but heard nothing special. As I was walking out of the door, they obviously thought I was out of earshot, so they started messing about with some of their 'new' ideas. I stopped in my tracks, listened, and went straight back!


Using a real photo of the moon, taken from Nantes, West France, these fantastic massive moon stickers absorb light in the day and as night falls emit a soft beautiful green glow. These stickers come on high quality vinyl with a strong permanent adhesive back so you can stick to your walls or ceilings for a fantastic unusual and staggering piece of contemporary luminous art. Available in a rather large 50cm diameter and a whopping 100cm diameter which makes the image four times the area than the large one! These glow moon stickers are the kind of 'glow in the dark' stickers we could only dream of as children, but now we can have them in all their huge glowing glory. These stickers are also available in medium and small so that you can make your own moon wall art or use to decorate kids rooms.
The large moonlight sticker includes nine bonus moons, three with an 8cm diameter and six with a 3.5cm diameter in grey. The extra large sticker comes with three sets of bonus moons one at 16cm diameter, two at 7.5cm diameter, two at 4.5cm diameter and two at 2.5cm diameter each set of seven bonus moons comes in grey, pink and green totaling a fabulous twenty one bonus moons!
Extra large moonlight sticker comes with a whopping 21 bonus moon stickers!
3. To prevent installation mistakes it's recommended that 2-3 people help to place the sticker on the wall. Person one will hold the wall sticker on the wall, person two will press the sticker gently from centre out to the sides; and person three will peel off the back paper slowly.
I do find it is a lot of money for a sticker and perhaps you are trying to justify the price by throwing in 9 smaller moons, i only wanted one moon though! Also we have some lines in it where the coating has come away, maybe our fault when flattening it out? So after paying that amount of money it is not perfect. However it does look fab and i would recommend it to anyone thinking of buying one.


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NEET PG results out, counselling to follow
The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) results of post-graduate students who wish to pursue master's in health sciences were released by the National Board of Examinations(NBE) on its website on Friday.
In all, 90,377 candidates took the exam between November 23 and December 6. The NBE put up the results on its website.
The NBE will conduct all-India counselling for 50% of the seats in all government institutes. The state will then admit students based on the NEET score's state merit list.
The NBE said it will draw up the state rank list based on each candidate's position merit position of the candidate from among those who are graduates of their state or those from the state where they have opted for domicile. Some candidates will have two state ranks, one in the state they graduated in and one for the state for which they have opted for domicile, based on the state of graduation and another based on the domicile opted by them (for those candidates whose state of graduation is different from their domicile state), nodal officer Dr B L Sherwal said.
In Maharashtra, there are 625 PG seats for the all-India quota. Based on scores, state institutes and the Directorate of Medical Education and Research will admit students. Eight private colleges which will take students in are: S K Somaiya Institute of Medical Research, Kashibai Navle Medical College-Ambegaon, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research-Talegaon, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Science and Research-Latur, Swatiyog Pratishthan-Sangli, Sanjeevani hospital-Miraj, Sanchti Hospital-Pune and Bombay Hospital.


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Are Blue Water Navy vets eligible for VA benefits?
Yes. For many years after the Vietnam War, sailors who served in the Blue Water Navy and were exposed to Agent Orange but didn't have "boots on the ground" were denied benefits from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).
Thousands of service members were exposed to this deadly toxin—a chemical used as a tactical defoliant to remove dense vegetation, tree leaves, plants, and crops that helped conceal the Viet Cong and Vietnamese troops. Exposure to Agent Orange was later linked to serious diseases, but only those who had actually stepped foot on Vietnam soil were eligible for Agent Orange-associated benefits.
Federal Court Ruling: Blue Water Vets Eligible for Benefits
In early 2019, over 90,000 Blue Water Navy vets became eligible for VA benefits after a federal court ruling gave them presumptive disability status. This means Blue Water Navy vets whose ships sailed in inland waters or docked in Vietnam qualify for "presumption of service-connection" for Agent Orange-linked medical conditions.
The ruling was made in the case Procopio v. Wilkie. Alfred Procopio Jr., who suffered from diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer, was denied service-connection benefits because his ship hadn't sailed in Vietnam's inland waterways, and he'd never had boots on the ground in the country.
However, both of Procopio's medical conditions are cited on the VA's list of presumptive diseases linked with Agent Orange exposure, and the USS Intrepid—the aircraft carrier on which Procopio served—was stationed inside Vietnam's 12-mile territorial waters.
Procopio sued the VA and won in a 9–to–2 decision, with the court ruling that the Agent Orange Act of 1991 never intended to exclude military personnel who served on the seas. This ruling required the VA to recognize Agent Orange-linked diseases in Blue Water Navy vets. These vets worked aboard ships that pumped in potentially contaminated water used to shower and do laundry, and may have been distilled for drinking.
Call Cuddigan Law
If you're a Blue Water Navy vet and believe your medical condition is linked to Agent Orange exposure, contact Cuddigan Law. You're now eligible for VA benefits, and we can help prove your disease qualifies for compensation. Call Cuddigan Law to get help with your VA disability application today. Let our experienced lawyers go to work for you—contact us to speak with an intake specialist for free.
Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange Get Disability
Vets Who Served in Thailand Qualify for Benefits
Benefits for Vets With Diabetes After Exposure to Agent Orange
Exposed to Agent Orange? How Vietnam Era Veterans Can Still Win VA CompensationDownload Now!
?Suffering from GERD? How the VA Rates this Common Condition
?VA Diagnostic Codes: Often Overlooked but Important for Your Disability Claim
?Are You Eligible for Non-Service-connected Benefits?


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Callan -v- Ireland & anor
Neutral Citation:
[2013] IESC 35
Supreme Court Record Number:
371 & 375/11
High Court Record Number:
2007 7061 P
Date of Delivery:
Court:
Composition of Court:
Denham C.J., Murray J., Hardiman J., McKechnie J., Clarke J.
Judgment by:
Hardiman J.
Allow Appeal
Judgments by
Link to Judgment
Concurring
Denham C.J., Murray J., McKechnie J.
Clarke J.
Denham C.J., Murray J., Hardiman J., McKechnie J.
371/2011 & 375/2011
Denham C.J.
Murray J.
McKechnie J.
Between/
NOEL CALLAN
Plaintiff/Appellant
IRELAND and THE ATTORNEY GENERAL
Defendant/Respondent
JUDGMENT of Mr. Justice Hardiman delivered the 18th day of July, 2013.
1.	This is the plaintiff's Appeal from the judgment and order of the High Court (Hedigan J.) of 15th day of April, 2011, whereby it was held that the plaintiff was not serving a sentence of imprisonment, but was serving a "commutation". The importance of this distinction will shortly appear.
The plaintiff's incarceration.
2.	The plaintiff, Noel Callan, has been in jail since the 27th June, 1985, a period of more than twenty-eight years. A small part of that period was spent on remand, charged with capital murder. This ended on the 3rd December, 1985 when he was convicted and sentenced to death for the capital murder of Garda Sergeant Patrick Morrissey. His imprisonment under sentence of death lasted from then until the 29th May, 1986, a period of about six months. On that day, the President of Ireland, acting on the advice of the Government, and pursuant to Article 13 of the Constitution, commuted the death sentence to Penal Servitude for forty years. About eleven years of his period in prison has been spent serving this, from the 29th May, 1986 to a date in 1997. In 1997 Penal Servitude was abolished and replaced with imprisonment, and the plaintiff has been imprisoned since 1997.
3.	The plaintiff's claim in this case, at bottom, is one of great simplicity. He claims that he is undergoing a sentence. This sentence was originally one of death, commuted to one of forty years Penal Servitude. But Penal Servitude itself was abolished as a form of confinement by a statute of 1997 and it was provided that a person undergoing Penal Servitude should be treated as undergoing imprisonment: see s.11(5) of the Criminal Law Act, 1997. Accordingly, the plaintiff contends, he is a person who is required to be treated as one undergoing a sentence of imprisonment. But such a person is, by law, entitled to remission of his sentence, in accordance with law, specifically the Prison Rules 2007.
4.	Section 11(5) of the Act of 1997 provides as follows:
"(5) Any person who, immediately before the commencement of this Act was undergoing a form of Penal Servitude shall, be treated thereafter as if he or she were undergoing or liable to undergo imprisonment and not Penal Servitude for that term."
5.	By Rule 59 of the Prison Rules 2007 (Statutory Instrument 252/2007):
"A prisoner who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment exceeding one month… shall be eligible, by good conduct, to earn a remission of sentence not exceeding one quarter of such term or aggregate."
6.	Accordingly, says the plaintiff, he is entitled to a remission of at least one quarter of the original sentence and perhaps up to one-third by reason of the subsequent provisions of the Rule which it is unnecessary to consider here.
7.	That is the plaintiff's fundamental claim. It was advanced on his behalf with elegance, precision and simplicity by Ms. Deirdre Murphy S.C. The simplicity with which it was advanced was the fruit of deep consideration of the case from every point of view and not in any sense a fatuous or artificial simplification.
8.	Ms. Murphy also advanced three other arguments which are set out in the judgment about to be delivered by Mr. Justice Clarke. In my view, each of these arguments was in response to the actual or anticipated arguments of the State, which varied a good deal as the case proceeded. I do not propose to consider them here because I do not think it is necessary to do so and I consider that the plaintiff's fundamental case is and always has been the straightforward one summarised above.
9.	But if the plaintiff's case is fundamentally simple and straightforward, the State's response to it has varied a great deal over time. It has assumed (in the main) three separate forms, as follows:
10.	These proceedings were commenced on the 24th September, 2007 and the Statement of Claim was delivered four days later. On the 6th December, 2007 the State filed its first Defence. At para. 2 of this Defence the State defendants pleaded that:
"the President of Ireland acting upon the advice of the government, as required by Article 13.9 of the Constitution, exercised his power pursuant to Article 13.6 of the Constitution to commute the plaintiff's punishment to Penal Servitude for forty years on the understanding of the government that the full sentence of forty years would be served without remission."
11.	That is to say, the defendants accepted that the forty year period of incarceration which the plaintiff was ordered to serve was a "sentence" and indeed used that term, "sentence" in respect of it themselves.
12.	Accordingly, the State's initial defence was that the President had commuted the death sentence to Penal Servitude on condition that the "full sentence of forty years" would be served without remission.
13.	This is a most important aspect of the case. When the action came on for trial before the High Court the parties were at one in that both sides regarded the plaintiff as being, in law, a prisoner sentenced to imprisonment for forty years. They disagreed only on whether the terms of the "sentence" were such as to exclude remission. This was the State's first defence. It was to change radically.
14.	On the third day of the hearing in the High Court the State adopted a new entirely different and radically contradictory position. Counsel for the State had called the evidence of a Mr. Kennedy, a Principal Officer in the Department of An Taoiseach. Mr. Kennedy produced from an official file the actual advice of the Government which it tendered in a letter dated the 29th May, 1986 from the Secretary of the Government to the President and, of course, the actual instrument of the President whereby the sentence was commuted.
15.	It was after this evidence had been received that the State put forward a completely new case. It now contended for the first time, four years after the action commenced, that the plaintiff was not serving "a sentence" at all. Instead, the State contended that he was "serving a commutation". Therefore he was outside the scope of the Prison Rules. He was not a prisoner who had been sentenced to a term of imprisonment; he was a prisoner who had been sentenced to death. The President's subsequent commutation was not a sentence. It was a "commutation".
16.	This was the second defence.
17.	Counsel for the State was quite open about what had occurred. In closing the case on the fourth day of the hearing at p.56 of the transcript he said:
"I accept that I changed what had originally been my argument because I accept that in the course of the case it emerged that the evidence as to the precise document put before the President was not what I expected it to be."
18.	In view of this startling statement it seems appropriate to set out the terms of relevant document. The advice of the Government to the President dated the 29th May, 1986 was as follows:
"At a meeting held today, the Government decided to advise the President in the exercise of the power vested in him by Article 13.6 of the Constitution to commute to Penal Servitude for forty years the sentence of death imposed by the Special Criminal Court on the 3rd December 1985 on Noel Callan on his conviction of the capital murder of Garda Sergeant Morrissey. Pursuant to that decision, I have been directed by the Taoiseach to convey the Government's advice to the President to commute the sentence of death accordingly."
19.	It appears from this document that the aspect of the advice put before the President which caused such surprise to counsel for the State was that the advice did not specify that it was tendered on the understanding that the whole sentence would be served without remission. Accordingly, because that "understanding" was not included in the advice, it was not included in the President's Order commuting the sentence either.
20.	I pause to express my astonishment at the turn of events which took place in the High Court. Counsel for the State was taken by surprise by the contents of a document which has been in the possession of the State continuously, at all times since it came into existence on the 29th May, 1986, twenty-seven years ago. It appears, accordingly, that counsel had not been briefed with this document, or had it otherwise drawn to his attention. The whole affair is rendered all the more surprising because Mr. Callan commenced his proceedings, not as plenary proceedings but as an application for an order in the nature of Habeas Corpus under Article 40 of the Constitution. The State, in its return to the conditional order exhibited inter alia both the order of the Special Criminal Court, the advice of the Government and the Presidential Order on foot of it, as part of the documentation justifying the appellant's detention. It appears that this documentation was lost sight of in the intervening period, after Mr. Callan's first proceedings had been converted into plenary proceedings and the State's present Counsel was briefed.
21.	Ms. Murphy S.C. characterised the State's change of front as a "complete volte-face" and it is impossible to disagree with that description.
22.	The State's second position - that the appellant was not a sentenced prisoner and was accordingly outside the scope of the Prison Rules - was not without its difficulties. It suggested that the prisoner was liable to be held in custody for forty years without being subject to the obligations of, or entitled to the protections contained in, the Prison Rules. It must be doubted whether that form of imprisonment would comply with the Constitution or with the State's international obligations. Accordingly, on the hearing of this Appeal the State adopted yet a third position which was this:
"The appellant is not a sentenced prisoner but is a person who is subject to the obligations of the Prison Rules, and entitled to the protections contained in those Rules other than Rule 59 about remission of sentence."
23.	This is the State's third defence.
24.	I have indicated above that the State's varying Defences to the Plaintiff's claim were "mainly" based on the three points summarised above. In the course of the argument, other points were canvassed, but very wisely not persisted with. For example, the State referred to the case of Carney v. Ireland [1957] IR 25 where it was held that the predecessor of Rule 59 of the Prison Rules did not apply to prisoners serving sentences of Penal Servitude. Accordingly, it was suggested, the provisions for remission could never have applied to the plaintiff during the period of years when he was undoubtedly serving a sentence (if he was serving a sentence at all) of Penal Servitude. Under considerable pressure from the Court, however, Counsel for the State took instructions and came up with the information that, notwithstanding the decision in the Carney case the authorities, that is the Government, had continued to apply the remission rules as if they applied to prisoners serving sentences of Penal Servitude. The legal basis of this, State Counsel said, is "not clear".
25.	I wish to express my grave distaste for arguments such as the one just summarised. It was solemnly contended that, though the State itself ignored a decision of this Court and continued to apply the remission rules to Penal Servitude prisoners, the appellant was not entitled to claim the benefit of this practice because, in point of law a Penal Servitude prisoner was not entitled to remission, although in practice it was routinely granted. The State's action in conniving at a situation in which actual practice deviated sharply from law, is gravely lacking in respect for the Courts and for anything resembling transparency. The State's action in bringing about a situation in which a citizen cannot, by consulting the laws of the country, come up with a reliable guide as to what the actual rights and obligations of individuals may be, is not one of which a court can approve. It shows little respect for the rule of law itself.
26.	The barefaced technicality of this argument is breath taking. The remission provisions of the Prison Rules were found, fifty-six years ago, not to extend prisoners sentenced to Penal Servitude. It would have been quite possible to amend the Prison Rules but this was not done. Instead, it was decided simply to proceed as though the Carney case had never happened, to ignore a decision of the Supreme Court.
27.	The State case continued in this way until Penal Servitude was itself abolished in 1997, forty years after Carney was decided. But, fourteen years later again, when the present plaintiff claimed that he was entitled to remission it was solemnly decided to rely on Carney, the case which the State itself had ignored for forty years, with a view to defeating this prisoner's claim to remission, or at least reducing the amount of remission accrued.
Details of the crime.
28.	Although it is not strictly necessary for the resolution of this case, I consider it proper to set out a summary of the circumstances leading to the appellant's conviction of capital murder. I would not think it appropriate to withhold reference to the circumstances in which an unarmed member of the gardaí was callously murdered and to focus exclusively on the rights of a person convicted of that murder, important as those rights undoubtedly are.
29.	On the 27th June 1985, the appellant, then twenty-two years old, was approached by an older workmate, Michael McHugh, with a plan to rob the Labour Exchange in Ardee. McHugh had procured guns. The two of them robbed the Exchange and made off with the money, first in the Manager's car and later on a motor bike.
30.	The robbers crashed the motor bike into an oncoming car at a place called Rathbrist Cross. The appellant was injured in the collision. He made his way up a laneway to a farmhouse. As he reached the house he heard a shot. After a lapse of some further time, perhaps two or three minutes - he heard a second shot. The evidence at the trial was that the first shot was fired by McHugh and hit Sergeant Morrissey in the leg and, after what the presiding judge at the trial, Hamilton J. (as he then was), called "an appreciable interval", McHugh walked up to the injured Sergeant Morrissey and shot him in the head. This was an act of cold blooded murder.
31.	On this account (which was not contradicted) the appellant played no direct part in the shooting of the Sergeant. He was not physically present when it occurred but was some distance away and disabled having suffered head and leg injuries in the collision. He was however convicted of murder on the basis of common design. He might have argued that the common design extended only to the robbery and the firing of shots to frighten pursuers and that the deliberate killing of the already disabled Sergeant Morrissey was never in his contemplation but was a gratuitous act on the part of McHugh. That was a case which he could have put before the Court of Trial, but he did not do so. Instead, he gave perjured evidence to the effect that he had no involvement at all in the robbery or with McHugh in the death of the Sergeant. This denial was rejected and the conviction was upheld on appeal.
32.	This perjured evidence was both criminal itself and extremely counterproductive. It cannot be excused but it is explained by the appellant on the basis that he entered Portlaoise Prison a week after McHugh and was assigned to a wing of the prison where McHugh and members of the INLA and other dissident groups were located. These included the notorious Dessie O'Hare. The appellant says that McHugh denied he was involved in the robbery and threatened him (Callan) against doing anything which would prejudice that position. He says that "warning" was reinforced by others in the INLA faction. It is beyond dispute that this group included violent and dangerous men.
33.	On any view of the case, however, the late Sergeant Morrissey emerges as a courageous, indeed heroic, servant of the State. He pursued armed robbers despite the obvious dangers of doing so and was subjected to a gratuitous but fatal assault by being shot in the head as he lay on the ground already disabled. His devoted service and death in heroic circumstances is commemorated by a dignified and prominent monument on the main street of Belturbet, Co. Cavan, his native place. He is remembered by many with affection, gratitude and admiration.
The State's eventual case.
34.	In the course of argument, Mr. Paul O'Higgins S.C. for the State was able to disembarrass the State's position of the various contradictory and technicality-based arguments in which it had become entangled. He did this by clear headedly replacing the State's case on the only basis on which it was arguable. This was that the appellant was not serving a sentence at all but was "serving a commutation".
35.	Expressed in terms of Rule 59 of the Prison Rules, 2007, this amounts to a contention that the appellant is not "a prisoner who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment exceeding one month". The appellant, said Mr. O'Higgins, was a prisoner who was sentenced to death by the Special Criminal Court. The commutation of this sentence to one of Penal Servitude by the President is not itself a "sentence".
Difficulties.
36.	There are obvious difficulties with this argument. The first is that, when the appellant challenged the legality of his detention by Article 40 proceedings, the Governor of the Prison produced to establish the legality of the appellant's detention, the order of the Special Criminal Court, which directed the appellant's detention prior to execution of the death sentence, and the advice of the Government to President Hillary in 1986, which is quoted earlier in this judgment, and the actual instrument of President Hillary dated the 29th of May, 1986 whereby he commuted the death sentence to Penal Servitude for forty years.
37.	In other words, all of these instruments, and not simply the sentence of the Court, were relied upon as justifying the appellant's imprisonment.
38.	The second difficulty is that, as we have seen from the first defence filed by the State, the forty year period of incarceration (to use a neutral term) was there described by the State itself as a "sentence".
39.	Thirdly there is the fact that all prisoners sentenced to Penal Servitude for forty years since 1982 apart from three, one of whom is this appellant's co-accused, have in fact been released by executive action.
40.	Fourthly there is the difficulty that the plaintiff is manifestly not a remand prisoner but a prisoner condemned to imprisonment for forty years. The State contend that he is not a sentenced prisoner at all. He must, therefore, if his detention if lawful at all, be regarded as a prisoner in an entirely novel category not so far identified in any statute, instrument, or judgment of the Court. The State say that this is exactly what he is: he is a prisoner "serving a commutation".
41.	I believe that, in terms of logic, law and language, this is a nonsense. The word "commute" as it is used in Article 13.6 of the Constitution has a specific meaning. In the (dominant) Irish language version the expression "to commute punishment" is expressed as "chun maolaithe pionós" which means "to mitigate punishment". But "commutation" is expressed in Irish as maolú (mitigation). The phrase "the right of pardon and the power to commute" is expressed in Irish as "ceart maithiúnais agus cumhacht chun maolaithe".
42.	Apart altogether from the Irish language, it must be noted that the word "commutation" derives from the Latin root, mutare, to change. According to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, this has the primary meaning of "the action or process of changing or altering". In the same source, the primary meaning of the word "commute" is simply "to change" (from or into); to exchange.
43.	This is suggestive of the reality of this case. The first sentence imposed on the appellant, which is a sentence of death, was changed or altered to a sentence of forty years Penal Servitude. By a statute of 1997 a person serving a sentence of Penal Servitude is to be regarded in law as serving a sentence of imprisonment. The notion of "serving a commutation" is a nonsense for it means "serving a change". The nature of the commutation is to be gleaned from the thing which is changed which was, in the first place, a sentence of death which was changed to a sentence of forty years Penal Servitude, in the State's own usage. This is, however, no less a sentence. By the Act of 1997 this second sentence was itself changed, for legal purposes into a sentence of imprisonment. Nor is there any mystery as to the meaning of the word "sentence". It derives from the Latin word sententia meaning, according to the Dictionary quoted above, "mental feeling, opinion or judgement and arises from the verb sentire, to feel. It has come to mean therefore "the opinion pronounced by a person on some particular question, an authoritative decision". It has a general meaning of "the judgement or decision of a court or tribunal", and has a secondary meaning of "the punishment to which a criminal is sentenced".
44.	In Ireland at the relevant time (December 1985) the Court was bound to impose a death sentence on conviction of capital murder. The President was bound to commute that sentence if so advised by the Government. It is clearly appropriate to describe the period of incarceration to which the appellant was condemned by the commutation by Act of the President on the advice of the then Government, as a sentence. The State itself so described it and resiled from this description only after it discovered that neither the Government nor the President had specified that there was to be no remission. But this has nothing to do with whether the forty year period is a "sentence".
45.	I have no doubt that the prisoner is presently serving a sentence of imprisonment. I therefore concur that the Court should make a declaration:
"That the plaintiff is a person who has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment exceeding one month and is, therefore, eligible, by good conduct, to earn remission under Order 59(1) of the Prison Rules 2007 and is also a person to whom the provisions in respect of the possibility of greater provision, found in Rule 59(2) of the Prison Rules 2007, apply".
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Лауххайм () — город в Германии, в земле Баден-Вюртемберг.

Подчинён административному округу Штутгарт. Входит в состав района Восточный Альб.  Население составляет 4646 человек (на 31 декабря 2010 года). Занимает площадь 40,97 км². Официальный код  —  08 1 36 038.

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Города Баден-Вюртемберга


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text:
No. 803:
by John H. Lienhard
Click here for audio of Episode 803.
Today, a parable of love, language, and self-awareness. The University of Houston's College of Engineering presents this series about the machines that make our civilization run, and the people whose ingenuity created them.
In 1913 Helen Keller visited her friend Andrew Carnegie. He asked if it was true she was a socialist. She allowed she was. He told her he'd put her over his knee and spank her if she didn't come to her senses. Then he gave some capitalistic advice:
What did she charge for tickets to her lectures on socialism? A dollar-fifty, she answered. Cut that to fifty cents, Carnegie said. You'll make a lot more money.
Of course, Keller was blind and deaf. She was sealed off from written or spoken language at the age of 1½ by a devastating illness. Now linguist Justin Leiber ponders her plight.
Just before her 7th birthday, Anne Sullivan, the so-called Miracle Worker, arrived. Only three months later, Keller could write a simple note to a friend. Talking was harder. It took three years to catch on to speech. Then she mastered it just as quickly. A miracle really did occur.
Leiber points out that, without language, Keller was also without consciousness as we understand it. She had no way to look at herself. She couldn't process her own feelings. Later on, she could recall no emotion from those years of isolation.
The psychological literature is full of language-deprived children. The Wild Child of Aveyron is only the most famous of many. They've all done badly -- all but Keller.
Sullivan had brought her to life. By the age of ten, before she could speak, Keller was corresponding with the likes of John Greenleaf Whittier and Oliver Wendell Holmes. When she was 22, The Ladies Home Journal issued her autobiography in serial form.
She also fell into the trap of becoming America's darling. For all her genius she was a side-show attraction. In 1929 she wrote another autobiography. It's penultimate chapter was, "Thoughts That Will Not Let Me Sleep,"
In it, she recounted her social agenda: Poverty, ecology, pacifism, socialism. Some of that could've landed her in jail during WW-I. She'd argued passionately and well, but people didn't look beyond the novelty to the full force of her ideas.
Then, in the last chapter, she remembers Anne Sullivan, who'd given her the means to survive. The book is dedicated "to Anne Sullivan whose love is the story of my life."
Keller transmuted that love into social action. She was most passionate about education -- for the deaf, the blind, the poor.
In the end we really did hear what Keller had to say. She made us all know how small her handicap could be made. But only after Sullivan, herself virtually blind, had given her the eyes of self-awareness with which to see.
I'm John Lienhard, at the University of Houston, where we're interested in the way inventive minds work.
(Theme music)
Justin Leiber, UH Philosophy Department, gave a moving lecture at the UH Critical Studies Colloquium on March 19, 1992, "Nature's Experiment, Society's Closure: The Case of Helen Keller." Leiber is a philosopher and writer and an expert in linguistics.
Keller always addressed Sullivan with Oriental formality, as "Teacher." As she recalls her first years with Sullivan, she uses three successive terms to describe herself: Before she acquired language, she refers to herself as "Phantom." For the first two years after she learned finger spelling, she refers to herself in the third person as "Helen." Only when she reached the age of nine did she come into a full sense of self. Only then does the older Keller endow the child with the first person pronoun, "I."
Keller, H., Midstream: My Later Life . New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co., Inc., 1930.
Keller, H., The Story of My Life , New York: Bantam Books, 1990. (reprint of the original which appeared in serial form in the 1902 Ladies Home Journal .)
Brooks, V.W., Helen Keller: Sketch for a Portrait , New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., Inc., 1956.
You will find several Helen Keller websites. See, e.g.,
http://www.rnib.org.uk/wesupply/fctsheet/keller.htm
The Engines of Our Ingenuity is Copyright © 1988-1997 by John H. Lienhard.
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A comprehensive survey conducted (2008-2009) by the JDC International Centre for Community Development (ICCD) among Jews in five Eastern European countries provided data on Jewish background and current attitudes of young adults. Based on this data, a comparison is made of young adults who are alumni of Jewish summer camps and those who did not attend summer camp as youth. Campers express stronger Jewish identity as young adults, as documented through a number of indicators related to religious practice, Jewish Peoplehood and attachment to Israel. The impact of Jewish summer camps is particularly clear among campers from weak Jewish backgrounds.


text:
Glass phial of British Standard penicillin, London, England,
Science Museum, London
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Credit: Glass phial of British Standard penicillin, London, England,. Credit: Science Museum, London. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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British Standard penicillin was defined as one milligram of penicillin containing 1,600 International Units. An International Unit is defined as the potency or activity of a drug. The standard was set by the National Institute for Medical Research. International Standards were set in 1944 and in 1952. Standardisation of drugs such as penicillin is important to ensure the quantity and quality produced and given to patients is consistent all over the world. maker: National Institute for Medical Research Place made: London, Greater London, England, United Kingdom
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