text:
/*
 * Any part of this program may be used in documents licensed under
 * the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */

#ifndef _PARPORT_H_
#define _PARPORT_H_

/* Start off with user-visible constants */

/* Maximum of 16 ports per machine */
#define PARPORT_MAX  16

/* Magic numbers */
#define PARPORT_IRQ_NONE  -1
#define PARPORT_DMA_NONE  -1
#define PARPORT_IRQ_AUTO  -2
#define PARPORT_DMA_AUTO  -2
#define PARPORT_DMA_NOFIFO -3
#define PARPORT_DISABLE   -2
#define PARPORT_IRQ_PROBEONLY -3
#define PARPORT_IOHI_AUTO -1

#define PARPORT_CONTROL_STROBE    0x1
#define PARPORT_CONTROL_AUTOFD    0x2
#define PARPORT_CONTROL_INIT      0x4
#define PARPORT_CONTROL_SELECT    0x8

#define PARPORT_STATUS_ERROR      0x8
#define PARPORT_STATUS_SELECT     0x10
#define PARPORT_STATUS_PAPEROUT   0x20
#define PARPORT_STATUS_ACK        0x40
#define PARPORT_STATUS_BUSY       0x80

/* Type classes for Plug-and-Play probe.  */
typedef enum {
	PARPORT_CLASS_LEGACY = 0,       /* Non-IEEE1284 device */
	PARPORT_CLASS_PRINTER,
	PARPORT_CLASS_MODEM,
	PARPORT_CLASS_NET,
	PARPORT_CLASS_HDC,              /* Hard disk controller */
	PARPORT_CLASS_PCMCIA,
	PARPORT_CLASS_MEDIA,            /* Multimedia device */
	PARPORT_CLASS_FDC,              /* Floppy disk controller */
	PARPORT_CLASS_PORTS,
	PARPORT_CLASS_SCANNER,
	PARPORT_CLASS_DIGCAM,
	PARPORT_CLASS_OTHER,            /* Anything else */
	PARPORT_CLASS_UNSPEC,           /* No CLS field in ID */
	PARPORT_CLASS_SCSIADAPTER
} parport_device_class;

/* The "modes" entry in parport is a bit field representing the
   capabilities of the hardware. */
#define PARPORT_MODE_PCSPP	(1<<0) /* IBM PC registers available. */
#define PARPORT_MODE_TRISTATE	(1<<1) /* Can tristate. */
#define PARPORT_MODE_EPP	(1<<2) /* Hardware EPP. */
#define PARPORT_MODE_ECP	(1<<3) /* Hardware ECP. */
#define PARPORT_MODE_COMPAT	(1<<4) /* Hardware 'printer protocol'. */
#define PARPORT_MODE_DMA	(1<<5) /* Hardware can DMA. */
#define PARPORT_MODE_SAFEININT	(1<<6) /* SPP registers accessible in IRQ. */

/* IEEE1284 modes:
   Nibble mode, byte mode, ECP, ECPRLE and EPP are their own
   'extensibility request' values.  Others are special.
   'Real' ECP modes must have the IEEE1284_MODE_ECP bit set.  */
#define IEEE1284_MODE_NIBBLE             0
#define IEEE1284_MODE_BYTE              (1<<0)
#define IEEE1284_MODE_COMPAT            (1<<8)
#define IEEE1284_MODE_BECP              (1<<9) /* Bounded ECP mode */
#define IEEE1284_MODE_ECP               (1<<4)
#define IEEE1284_MODE_ECPRLE            (IEEE1284_MODE_ECP | (1<<5))
#define IEEE1284_MODE_ECPSWE            (1<<10) /* Software-emulated */
#define IEEE1284_MODE_EPP               (1<<6)
#define IEEE1284_MODE_EPPSL             (1<<11) /* EPP 1.7 */
#define IEEE1284_MODE_EPPSWE            (1<<12) /* Software-emulated */
#define IEEE1284_DEVICEID               (1<<2)  /* This is a flag */
#define IEEE1284_EXT_LINK               (1<<14) /* This flag causes the
						 * extensibility link to
						 * be requested, using
						 * bits 0-6. */

/* For the benefit of parport_read/write, you can use these with
 * parport_negotiate to use address operations.  They have no effect
 * other than to make parport_read/write use address transfers. */
#define IEEE1284_ADDR			(1<<13)	/* This is a flag */
#define IEEE1284_DATA			 0	/* So is this */

/* Flags for block transfer operations. */
#define PARPORT_EPP_FAST		(1<<0) /* Unreliable counts. */
#define PARPORT_W91284PIC		(1<<1) /* have a Warp9 w91284pic in the device */

/* The rest is for the kernel only */
#ifdef __KERNEL__

#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/irqreturn.h>
#include <linux/semaphore.h>
#include <asm/ptrace.h>

/* Define this later. */
struct parport;
struct pardevice;

struct pc_parport_state {
	unsigned int ctr;
	unsigned int ecr;
};

struct ax_parport_state {
	unsigned int ctr;
	unsigned int ecr;
	unsigned int dcsr;
};

/* used by both parport_amiga and parport_mfc3 */
struct amiga_parport_state {
       unsigned char data;     /* ciaa.prb */
       unsigned char datadir;  /* ciaa.ddrb */
       unsigned char status;   /* ciab.pra & 7 */
       unsigned char statusdir;/* ciab.ddrb & 7 */
};

struct ax88796_parport_state {
	unsigned char cpr;
};

struct ip32_parport_state {
	unsigned int dcr;
	unsigned int ecr;
};

struct parport_state {
	union {
		struct pc_parport_state pc;
		/* ARC has no state. */
		struct ax_parport_state ax;
		struct amiga_parport_state amiga;
		struct ax88796_parport_state ax88796;
		/* Atari has not state. */
		struct ip32_parport_state ip32;
		void *misc;
	} u;
};

struct parport_operations {
	/* IBM PC-style virtual registers. */
	void (*write_data)(struct parport *, unsigned char);
	unsigned char (*read_data)(struct parport *);

	void (*write_control)(struct parport *, unsigned char);
	unsigned char (*read_control)(struct parport *);
	unsigned char (*frob_control)(struct parport *, unsigned char mask,
				      unsigned char val);

	unsigned char (*read_status)(struct parport *);

	/* IRQs. */
	void (*enable_irq)(struct parport *);
	void (*disable_irq)(struct parport *);

	/* Data direction. */
	void (*data_forward) (struct parport *);
	void (*data_reverse) (struct parport *);

	/* For core parport code. */
	void (*init_state)(struct pardevice *, struct parport_state *);
	void (*save_state)(struct parport *, struct parport_state *);
	void (*restore_state)(struct parport *, struct parport_state *);

	/* Block read/write */
	size_t (*epp_write_data) (struct parport *port, const void *buf,
				  size_t len, int flags);
	size_t (*epp_read_data) (struct parport *port, void *buf, size_t len,
				 int flags);
	size_t (*epp_write_addr) (struct parport *port, const void *buf,
				  size_t len, int flags);
	size_t (*epp_read_addr) (struct parport *port, void *buf, size_t len,
				 int flags);

	size_t (*ecp_write_data) (struct parport *port, const void *buf,
				  size_t len, int flags);
	size_t (*ecp_read_data) (struct parport *port, void *buf, size_t len,
				 int flags);
	size_t (*ecp_write_addr) (struct parport *port, const void *buf,
				  size_t len, int flags);

	size_t (*compat_write_data) (struct parport *port, const void *buf,
				     size_t len, int flags);
	size_t (*nibble_read_data) (struct parport *port, void *buf,
				    size_t len, int flags);
	size_t (*byte_read_data) (struct parport *port, void *buf,
				  size_t len, int flags);
	struct module *owner;
};

struct parport_device_info {
	parport_device_class class;
	const char *class_name;
	const char *mfr;
	const char *model;
	const char *cmdset;
	const char *description;
};

/* Each device can have two callback functions:
 *  1) a preemption function, called by the resource manager to request
 *     that the driver relinquish control of the port.  The driver should
 *     return zero if it agrees to release the port, and nonzero if it
 *     refuses.  Do not call parport_release() - the kernel will do this
 *     implicitly.
 *
 *  2) a wake-up function, called by the resource manager to tell drivers
 *     that the port is available to be claimed.  If a driver wants to use
 *     the port, it should call parport_claim() here.
 */

/* A parallel port device */
struct pardevice {
	const char *name;
	struct parport *port;
	int daisy;
	int (*preempt)(void *);
	void (*wakeup)(void *);
	void *private;
	void (*irq_func)(void *);
	unsigned int flags;
	struct pardevice *next;
	struct pardevice *prev;
	struct parport_state *state;     /* saved status over preemption */
	wait_queue_head_t wait_q;
	unsigned long int time;
	unsigned long int timeslice;
	volatile long int timeout;
	unsigned long waiting;		 /* long req'd for set_bit --RR */
	struct pardevice *waitprev;
	struct pardevice *waitnext;
	void * sysctl_table;
};

/* IEEE1284 information */

/* IEEE1284 phases. These are exposed to userland through ppdev IOCTL
 * PP[GS]ETPHASE, so do not change existing values. */
enum ieee1284_phase {
	IEEE1284_PH_FWD_DATA,
	IEEE1284_PH_FWD_IDLE,
	IEEE1284_PH_TERMINATE,
	IEEE1284_PH_NEGOTIATION,
	IEEE1284_PH_HBUSY_DNA,
	IEEE1284_PH_REV_IDLE,
	IEEE1284_PH_HBUSY_DAVAIL,
	IEEE1284_PH_REV_DATA,
	IEEE1284_PH_ECP_SETUP,
	IEEE1284_PH_ECP_FWD_TO_REV,
	IEEE1284_PH_ECP_REV_TO_FWD,
	IEEE1284_PH_ECP_DIR_UNKNOWN,
};
struct ieee1284_info {
	int mode;
	volatile enum ieee1284_phase phase;
	struct semaphore irq;
};

/* A parallel port */
struct parport {
	unsigned long base;	/* base address */
	unsigned long base_hi;  /* base address (hi - ECR) */
	unsigned int size;	/* IO extent */
	const char *name;
	unsigned int modes;
	int irq;		/* interrupt (or -1 for none) */
	int dma;
	int muxport;		/* which muxport (if any) this is */
	int portnum;		/* which physical parallel port (not mux) */
	struct device *dev;	/* Physical device associated with IO/DMA.
				 * This may unfortulately be null if the
				 * port has a legacy driver.
				 */

	struct parport *physport;
				/* If this is a non-default mux
				   parport, i.e. we're a clone of a real
				   physical port, this is a pointer to that
				   port. The locking is only done in the
				   real port.  For a clone port, the
				   following structure members are
				   meaningless: devices, cad, muxsel,
				   waithead, waittail, flags, pdir,
				   dev, ieee1284, *_lock.

				   It this is a default mux parport, or
				   there is no mux involved, this points to
				   ourself. */

	struct pardevice *devices;
	struct pardevice *cad;	/* port owner */
	int daisy;		/* currently selected daisy addr */
	int muxsel;		/* currently selected mux port */

	struct pardevice *waithead;
	struct pardevice *waittail;

	struct list_head list;
	unsigned int flags;

	void *sysctl_table;
	struct parport_device_info probe_info[5]; /* 0-3 + non-IEEE1284.3 */
	struct ieee1284_info ieee1284;

	struct parport_operations *ops;
	void *private_data;     /* for lowlevel driver */

	int number;		/* port index - the `n' in `parportn' */
	spinlock_t pardevice_lock;
	spinlock_t waitlist_lock;
	rwlock_t cad_lock;

	int spintime;
	atomic_t ref_count;

	unsigned long devflags;
#define PARPORT_DEVPROC_REGISTERED	0
	struct pardevice *proc_device;	/* Currently register proc device */

	struct list_head full_list;
	struct parport *slaves[3];
};

#define DEFAULT_SPIN_TIME 500 /* us */

struct parport_driver {
	const char *name;
	void (*attach) (struct parport *);
	void (*detach) (struct parport *);
	struct list_head list;
};

/* parport_register_port registers a new parallel port at the given
   address (if one does not already exist) and returns a pointer to it.
   This entails claiming the I/O region, IRQ and DMA.  NULL is returned
   if initialisation fails. */
struct parport *parport_register_port(unsigned long base, int irq, int dma,
				      struct parport_operations *ops);

/* Once a registered port is ready for high-level drivers to use, the
   low-level driver that registered it should announce it.  This will
   call the high-level drivers' attach() functions (after things like
   determining the IEEE 1284.3 topology of the port and collecting
   DeviceIDs). */
void parport_announce_port (struct parport *port);

/* Unregister a port. */
extern void parport_remove_port(struct parport *port);

/* Register a new high-level driver. */
extern int parport_register_driver (struct parport_driver *);

/* Unregister a high-level driver. */
extern void parport_unregister_driver (struct parport_driver *);

/* If parport_register_driver doesn't fit your needs, perhaps
 * parport_find_xxx does. */
extern struct parport *parport_find_number (int);
extern struct parport *parport_find_base (unsigned long);

/* generic irq handler, if it suits your needs */
extern irqreturn_t parport_irq_handler(int irq, void *dev_id);

/* Reference counting for ports. */
extern struct parport *parport_get_port (struct parport *);
extern void parport_put_port (struct parport *);

/* parport_register_device declares that a device is connected to a
   port, and tells the kernel all it needs to know.
   - pf is the preemption function (may be NULL for no callback)
   - kf is the wake-up function (may be NULL for no callback)
   - irq_func is the interrupt handler (may be NULL for no interrupts)
   - handle is a user pointer that gets handed to callback functions.  */
struct pardevice *parport_register_device(struct parport *port,
			  const char *name,
			  int (*pf)(void *), void (*kf)(void *),
			  void (*irq_func)(void *),
			  int flags, void *handle);

/* parport_unregister unlinks a device from the chain. */
extern void parport_unregister_device(struct pardevice *dev);

/* parport_claim tries to gain ownership of the port for a particular
   driver.  This may fail (return non-zero) if another driver is busy.
   If this driver has registered an interrupt handler, it will be
   enabled.  */
extern int parport_claim(struct pardevice *dev);

/* parport_claim_or_block is the same, but sleeps if the port cannot
   be claimed.  Return value is 1 if it slept, 0 normally and -errno
   on error.  */
extern int parport_claim_or_block(struct pardevice *dev);

/* parport_release reverses a previous parport_claim.  This can never
   fail, though the effects are undefined (except that they are bad)
   if you didn't previously own the port.  Once you have released the
   port you should make sure that neither your code nor the hardware
   on the port tries to initiate any communication without first
   re-claiming the port.  If you mess with the port state (enabling
   ECP for example) you should clean up before releasing the port. */

extern void parport_release(struct pardevice *dev);

/**
 * parport_yield - relinquish a parallel port temporarily
 * @dev: a device on the parallel port
 *
 * This function relinquishes the port if it would be helpful to other
 * drivers to do so.  Afterwards it tries to reclaim the port using
 * parport_claim(), and the return value is the same as for
 * parport_claim().  If it fails, the port is left unclaimed and it is
 * the driver's responsibility to reclaim the port.
 *
 * The parport_yield() and parport_yield_blocking() functions are for
 * marking points in the driver at which other drivers may claim the
 * port and use their devices.  Yielding the port is similar to
 * releasing it and reclaiming it, but is more efficient because no
 * action is taken if there are no other devices needing the port.  In
 * fact, nothing is done even if there are other devices waiting but
 * the current device is still within its "timeslice".  The default
 * timeslice is half a second, but it can be adjusted via the /proc
 * interface.
 **/
static __inline__ int parport_yield(struct pardevice *dev)
{
	unsigned long int timeslip = (jiffies - dev->time);
	if ((dev->port->waithead == NULL) || (timeslip < dev->timeslice))
		return 0;
	parport_release(dev);
	return parport_claim(dev);
}

/**
 * parport_yield_blocking - relinquish a parallel port temporarily
 * @dev: a device on the parallel port
 *
 * This function relinquishes the port if it would be helpful to other
 * drivers to do so.  Afterwards it tries to reclaim the port using
 * parport_claim_or_block(), and the return value is the same as for
 * parport_claim_or_block().
 **/
static __inline__ int parport_yield_blocking(struct pardevice *dev)
{
	unsigned long int timeslip = (jiffies - dev->time);
	if ((dev->port->waithead == NULL) || (timeslip < dev->timeslice))
		return 0;
	parport_release(dev);
	return parport_claim_or_block(dev);
}

/* Flags used to identify what a device does. */
#define PARPORT_DEV_TRAN		0	/* WARNING !! DEPRECATED !! */
#define PARPORT_DEV_LURK		(1<<0)	/* WARNING !! DEPRECATED !! */
#define PARPORT_DEV_EXCL		(1<<1)	/* Need exclusive access. */

#define PARPORT_FLAG_EXCL		(1<<1)	/* EXCL driver registered. */

/* IEEE1284 functions */
extern void parport_ieee1284_interrupt (void *);
extern int parport_negotiate (struct parport *, int mode);
extern ssize_t parport_write (struct parport *, const void *buf, size_t len);
extern ssize_t parport_read (struct parport *, void *buf, size_t len);

#define PARPORT_INACTIVITY_O_NONBLOCK 1
extern long parport_set_timeout (struct pardevice *, long inactivity);

extern int parport_wait_event (struct parport *, long timeout);
extern int parport_wait_peripheral (struct parport *port,
				    unsigned char mask,
				    unsigned char val);
extern int parport_poll_peripheral (struct parport *port,
				    unsigned char mask,
				    unsigned char val,
				    int usec);

/* For architectural drivers */
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_write_compat (struct parport *,
					     const void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_read_nibble (struct parport *,
					    void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_read_byte (struct parport *,
					  void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_ecp_read_data (struct parport *,
					      void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_ecp_write_data (struct parport *,
					       const void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_ecp_write_addr (struct parport *,
					       const void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_epp_write_data (struct parport *,
					       const void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_epp_read_data (struct parport *,
					      void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_epp_write_addr (struct parport *,
					       const void *, size_t, int);
extern size_t parport_ieee1284_epp_read_addr (struct parport *,
					      void *, size_t, int);

/* IEEE1284.3 functions */
extern int parport_daisy_init (struct parport *port);
extern void parport_daisy_fini (struct parport *port);
extern struct pardevice *parport_open (int devnum, const char *name);
extern void parport_close (struct pardevice *dev);
extern ssize_t parport_device_id (int devnum, char *buffer, size_t len);
extern void parport_daisy_deselect_all (struct parport *port);
extern int parport_daisy_select (struct parport *port, int daisy, int mode);

/* Lowlevel drivers _can_ call this support function to handle irqs.  */
static inline void parport_generic_irq(struct parport *port)
{
	parport_ieee1284_interrupt (port);
	read_lock(&port->cad_lock);
	if (port->cad && port->cad->irq_func)
		port->cad->irq_func(port->cad->private);
	read_unlock(&port->cad_lock);
}

/* Prototypes from parport_procfs */
extern int parport_proc_register(struct parport *pp);
extern int parport_proc_unregister(struct parport *pp);
extern int parport_device_proc_register(struct pardevice *device);
extern int parport_device_proc_unregister(struct pardevice *device);

/* If PC hardware is the only type supported, we can optimise a bit.  */
#if !defined(CONFIG_PARPORT_NOT_PC)

#include <linux/parport_pc.h>
#define parport_write_data(p,x)            parport_pc_write_data(p,x)
#define parport_read_data(p)               parport_pc_read_data(p)
#define parport_write_control(p,x)         parport_pc_write_control(p,x)
#define parport_read_control(p)            parport_pc_read_control(p)
#define parport_frob_control(p,m,v)        parport_pc_frob_control(p,m,v)
#define parport_read_status(p)             parport_pc_read_status(p)
#define parport_enable_irq(p)              parport_pc_enable_irq(p)
#define parport_disable_irq(p)             parport_pc_disable_irq(p)
#define parport_data_forward(p)            parport_pc_data_forward(p)
#define parport_data_reverse(p)            parport_pc_data_reverse(p)

#else  /*  !CONFIG_PARPORT_NOT_PC  */

/* Generic operations vector through the dispatch table. */
#define parport_write_data(p,x)            (p)->ops->write_data(p,x)
#define parport_read_data(p)               (p)->ops->read_data(p)
#define parport_write_control(p,x)         (p)->ops->write_control(p,x)
#define parport_read_control(p)            (p)->ops->read_control(p)
#define parport_frob_control(p,m,v)        (p)->ops->frob_control(p,m,v)
#define parport_read_status(p)             (p)->ops->read_status(p)
#define parport_enable_irq(p)              (p)->ops->enable_irq(p)
#define parport_disable_irq(p)             (p)->ops->disable_irq(p)
#define parport_data_forward(p)            (p)->ops->data_forward(p)
#define parport_data_reverse(p)            (p)->ops->data_reverse(p)

#endif /*  !CONFIG_PARPORT_NOT_PC  */

extern unsigned long parport_default_timeslice;
extern int parport_default_spintime;

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
#endif /* _PARPORT_H_ */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Majdan je naselje u općini Šekovići, Republika Srpska, BiH.

Naselja u Republici Srpskoj

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
As Chicago Faces Surge in Student Sexual Misconduct Reports, Advocates Warn t...
As Chicago Faces Surge in Student Sexual Misconduct Reports, Advocates Warn the Problem Isn't Unique to America's 3rd-Largest School System
By Mark Keierleber
It all began with a damning newspaper investigation about pervasive sexual abuse and a school district's failure to act. One student was raped 40 times by a volunteer coach with four previous felony convictions. Children tormented another student at school after a teacher was arrested for sending her lewd messages. A security guard remained on campus after multiple girls reported that he groped them.
The investigation last year by the Chicago Tribune outlined widespread failure on the part of Chicago Public Schools to investigate sexual misconduct allegations. The investigation found that school officials often didn't report complaints of sexual misconduct to police and frequently subjected student victims to repeated interrogations, while ineffective background checks gave educators with criminal convictions easy access to children.
In total, the Tribune found more than 500 cases over the past decade in which students reported to police that they were sexually assaulted or abused at school. While the investigation has forced district officials to grapple with a significant problem within its walls, the issue isn't unique to America's third-largest city. Sexual misconduct is pervasive in America's K-12 schools, advocates say, and district officials have long failed to adequately address it.
What is unique about Chicago is that authorities have acknowledged a "systematic disregard of sexual harassment in schools," said Elizabeth Tang, an attorney at the National Women's Law Center who focuses on sexual harassment in K-12 schools. But she said that sexual misconduct endured by students "is not uncommon at all."
In response to the Tribune investigation, the district created the Office of Student Protections and Title IX to investigate allegations and to better support student victims. Last month, Chicago education officials outlined an apparent surge in reporting among victims after the district launched an initiative to better address the problem. Over the course of four months, district officials received 932 sexual misconduct complaints.
The bulk of complaints center on misconduct perpetrated by fellow students. According to data from the district Title IX office, officials received 764 student misconduct complaints between September and December. Most of those complaints involved allegations of inappropriate touching and sexual harassment. During that same period, the office received 169 reports of adult sexual misconduct.
Douglas Henning, the office's interim chief, said that although the number of reported incidents is up, it's difficult to tell by how much because the district previously lacked a cohesive method of tracking and monitoring cases among the city's more than 600 schools. But he said the district expected an increase in complaints as prevention efforts build and victims grow more comfortable reporting.
Experts in the field share that view.
"The more you talk about it, the more disclosures you get," said Sean Black, assistant director of the Illinois Coalition Against Sexual Assault. "People often think, 'Wait a minute, they're doing prevention programming, so the numbers should go down,'" but that's not the case generally. "When you do prevention programming, the numbers go up on disclosures because people now understand what happened to them was wrong."
#MeTooK12: One Daughter's Trauma, and a Family's Quest to Prevent School-Related Sexual Violence
Meanwhile, the school board's Office of Inspector General has taken charge of investigating adult-on-student sexual misconduct. The office fielded 136 cases between October 2018 and Jan. 9, the bulk of which fall under an expansive definition of what the office characterizes as "creepy" — for example, standing uncomfortably close to children while speaking to them. Other cases include sexual comments, abuse, and grooming potential victims. The district did not previously investigate allegations that fall under the "creepy" category, said Inspector General Nicholas Schuler.
As a result of the complaints, the inspector general reported, six employees have been fired from their jobs, one person retired following the allegations, four substitute teachers have been blocked from teaching in the district, and 33 people have been removed from their jobs pending investigations.
Following the Tribune report, the Chicago school system also came under fire from the U.S. Department of Education. In September, the department's Office for Civil Rights announced it would withhold millions of dollars in federal money because it "identified serious and pervasive violations under Title IX." The Chicago district shot back with a lawsuit, alleging that the department withheld money without allowing the district to appeal the decision. District officials declined to comment on the lawsuit.
Meanwhile, state lawmakers in Illinois have also vowed to address the problem, promising legislation to swiftly remove licenses from educators who sexually abuse children, increase public access to school employee disciplinary records, and require districts to report student sexual assault or abuse cases to state education officials.
Still, Schuler said, he's optimistic about the district's efforts to combat sexual misconduct. With his office taking the lead on adult-on-student misconduct allegations, cases are receiving independent investigations for the first time.
"I do think this is a huge step in the right direction," Schuler said, adding that he's confident the district will get a handle on the problem and sexual misconduct "won't be swept under the rug anymore."
An underreported problem
The national outlook is a little different. As officials in Chicago were thrust into the spotlight on sexual misconduct, advocates say most districts across the country have failed to adequately address abuse. Even understanding the scope of the problem can be a challenge because victims often do not report attacks. Tang of the National Women's Law Center argues that inaction from school officials further drives underreporting.
"Students look around and they see that when their classmates do report, nothing gets done, and that's going to discourage them from reporting as well," she said. "If you know that no one is going to help you, why put yourself through the trauma of having to live through your experience again?"
In one survey from 2011, about half of students in middle and high school said they experienced sexual harassment over the course of an academic year, yet fewer than 10 percent of respondents said they reported the abuse to school officials. More than 1 in 5 girls ages 14 to 18 reported they'd been kissed or touched without their consent, according to a 2017 student survey.
For years, efforts to prevent student sexual misconduct have converged around universities. As a result, advocates say, less attention has been paid to problems at the K-12 level. That issue re-emerged as the Education Department proposed new rules on how educators should handle sexual misconduct allegations under Title IX, the federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in schools. Broadly speaking, those rules would strengthen protections for students accused of sexual misconduct while limiting avenues of relief for victims. The department's Office for Civil Rights is currently investigating nearly 300 cases involving sexual harassment and violence at K-12 schools, according to the most recent federal data.
The Education Department's Title IX Proposal Is 'Out of Step' With Realities of Sexual Harassment in K-12 Schools, Groups Warn as Comment Period Closes
Tang said the department's proposed guidance could spell trouble for K-12 students in particular because it would limit the avenues in which victims could report abuse. Victims of student-on-student misconduct would be required to report allegations to either a teacher or a district Title IX coordinator — excluding school officials such as special education aides or coaches who may have closer relationships with students. Students victimized by school employees would be required to report allegations to the district Title IX coordinator.
Even when students do report misconduct to school officials, Tang said, survivors are often ignored, blamed, or even punished for engaging in sexual behaviors. She pointed to pending litigation in Florida, which the National Women's Law Center filed against Miami-Dade County Public Schools. In that lawsuit, which was filed in January, a high school student alleges older boys sexually assaulted her in school bathrooms on three separate occasions. When the victim reported the attacks, she alleges the district engaged in a "cover-up," coerced her to retract her complaint, and suspended her for sexual misconduct.
"This kind of scenario is something that isn't talked about enough," Tang said, "Schools are actually punishing students when they do report sexual harassment."
'A new generation'
Beyond Chicago, state advocates say districts across Illinois are ill-equipped to address complaints. Under a 2007 state law, school employees who work with children are required to receive training every two years from experts in domestic and sexual violence.
But a recent report from the Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law found that a lack of comprehensive district policies has obstructed student survivors. Statewide, researchers found that educators failed to uphold the confidentiality of student reports and that school personnel are often unequipped to help survivors. School officials often dismissed the experiences of victims and in some cases punished them.
"Even when there are schools that do the right thing, it was because they just happened to have someone who cared and might have had connections with community-based organizations or something," said Wendy Pollack, founder and director of the Women's Law and Policy Initiative at the Shriver Center. "It wasn't because there was some policy in place that was firmly established and everybody knew what to do and where to go."
With an Eye Toward Consent, Students Seize the Moment to Overhaul Sex Ed
Revised district policies on sexual misconduct are part of the district's efforts to combat sexual misconduct. But the broader push, officials say, is to create a safer environment for children.
"The big thing that we're doing is really shifting the culture," Chicago Public Schools CEO Janice Jackson said in a recent interview with WTTW. "We have an opportunity to raise a new generation who better understands what appropriate relationships look like."
But for Chicago officials to shift the district-wide culture around sexual misconduct, Black of the Illinois Coalition said it must be in the fight for the long haul. Given the sheer size of the district, with roughly 361,000 students, fixing the problem will take time.
"There are no quick fixes in institutions of this size," Black said. "The Catholic Church isn't fixed overnight, the military isn't fixed overnight, CPS will not be fixed overnight."
Mark Keierleber is an investigative reporter at The 74.
@mkeierleber mark@the74million.org

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hi, after upgrading to 4.15 we have a terrible issue with SSAO and Custom Depth. We use it in Stencil mode to highlight objects and screen effects, we can't absolutely disable it and we don't want to avoid SSAO in our game.
If you need more info I will be glad to give them to you!
there seems to be quite a lot going on in your scene and it is a bit impractical for us to test with so many variables at play. Would you mind narrowing this down a bit by seeing if you can reproduce this from scratch in a new map.
If that isn't possible you can trim any unnecessary content that doesn't influence the bug from your scene (make a copy first!) and narrow down what is actually contributing.
I ran a quick test but was unable to reproduce the issue and this information would really help in the investigation.
Hi Ed, yes we still experience this issue. Honestly I don't have the time to create another project and add pieces to understand where the bug is. Our project is an open world with thousands of elements and this is issue is a low rendering issue, I don't think is due to our pipeline.
If you want to save time we are willing to look at sample projects that reproduce the issue. My suggestion would be to remove anything unnecessary from the project you don't want us to look at and send us the map that has the SSAO issues.


text:
Nominate Her: Women's Participation in Electoral Politics
Alessandra Zimmermann2021-01-07T09:23:49-05:00January 4, 2021|Categories: 2020, Editorials|
Authors: Anil Wasif , Maisha Kabir
In 1921 Agnes Macphail clinched one of 235 seats to become elected as the first Canadian woman in the House of Commons. Almost 100 years later, women secured their first century of elected offices in the 43rd Canadian Parliament. While the number 100 appears celebratory, a closer look reveals a modest 28% increase in women's representation since Macphail's election. As the pandemic continues to widen gender gaps [1] across the Great White North, now more than ever, we must hyper-focus on women's participation in national electoral politics, as upholding a right fought for by Macphail and others alike, would be the Canadian thing to do.
Community leadership is considered a likely pathway to Parliament Hill. Despite being informal flag bearers in their communities, women are less likely to enter electoral politics — often being ones who change rather than win elections. When they do run, often they are uphill battlers [2] against former premiers, Olympic medalists and multiple-term winners. The overwhelming statistic: less than 15% of female nominees won their campaigns [3] since 1921.
"More Women Elected Than Ever Before" is the familiar headline we see post-elections but observing election participation over the century reveals an untold story. As we celebrate steps towards gender parity in elected offices, a closer look at the difference in participation between men and women highlights that the gap in electoral participation has actually deteriorated since 1921. Today, perhaps the biggest roadblock to Parliament Hill lies in nomination.
The punctuation created by the pandemic can shift us away from the incremental style of policy making to one that calls for innovation and speed. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors preventing women's participation in electoral politics in order to work towards a gender balanced parliament 100 years in the making. The policy window has swung open and it begs a simple question: Why aren't more women running for office?
Lack of confidence is the preliminary basis for why more women don't pursue electoral politics — a factor that forms quite early on in one's childhood. By not prioritizing and practicing confidence building and assertiveness early on [4] , women downplay their skills later in life. This causes women to doubt their political potential, reducing interest in running for office.
In college, women encounter and are exposed to rape, sexual violence and harassment, which influences their career choice and further contributes to women doubting their ability to run for office. According to a Brookings study, when in high school, both genders expressed similar interest or the lack thereof for running for office. However, once in college, men were two times [5] more likely than women to assert a definite interest in running for office. Gender-based violence and harassment that women face quite early on thus becomes a major factor as to why more women don't pursue electoral politics. This is an even bigger issue for women who identify as LGBTQIA or are of color as the intersectionality further contributes to gender-based violence and harassment.
Women are six times [6] less likely than men to be appointed as candidates. This underrepresentation is another reason why more women don't have the impetus for pursuing elected office and are more likely to sign up as volunteers instead.
Political establishments, i.e. "gatekeepers" nominate candidates that have easy access to money. [7] Women, on average, earn less than men. Men not only raise more money than women, but they also donate more [8] to male candidates. Financing their nomination and election campaign thus becomes a major barrier to electoral politics for women, and an even greater deterrent for women of color. [9]
The media, far too often, contributes to negative stereotypes when covering women in politics. Women politicians are often asked about their appearance and personal life, i.e. "negative viability coverage" [10] whereas men are questioned about their political agenda. Women also typically receive less coverage [9] by the media in comparison to their male counterparts. Such gendered media coverage dissuades citizens from voting for women, lowers women's confidence in their political ability and as a result, discourages them [11] from running for office altogether.
Gender stereotyping and discrimination are consequential and recurring factors contributing to women's low electoral participation. Explicit sexism is based on gender stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination. One in five [6] Canadians hold explicit sexist views; these individuals may choose to not nominate or vote for female candidates. Women internalize this kind of overt sexism present in politics, which contributes to their lack of confidence, and ultimately a declined interest in running for office.
While Canada champions itself as a beacon of diversity, we are behind 60 countries [12] with regards to women's participation in national electoral politics — nearly a century after granting the right for women to run in elections. Many refer to legal quotas when it comes to increasing women's participation, but a check-box answer to the problem is hardly appreciated by generation Y. Women's groups in North America have also rescinded their support on legal quotas in favor of training and education [13] for holding political office. However, when formulating training programs that foster diversity, policymakers need to be mindful of the assumptions they are making – for more often than not, their one-sized programs strive to fit all.
In regard to increasing education and understanding of a woman's political career, perhaps a human rights-based approach is the way to go. While gender parity in the House of Commons is at an all-time high, it falls short of the UN's recommended 30% critical-mass threshold [14] for female decision makers in government.
The federal focus shouldn't distract us from realizing provincial disproportionality in women's representation. However, the gap seems to be closing within each province as more women participate in the provincial level. Perhaps it's the closer proximity to civil society institutions that's increasing the prevalence of female leaders at lower levels of government.
To emulate representation at a federal level, we must go back to the basics: empowering Her to run for office.
Mangione, K. (2020, July 07). When it comes to going back to work, COVID-19 is impacting Canadian mothers more than fathers: Study. Retrieved from https://bc.ctvnews.ca/when-it-comes-to-going-back-to-work-covid-19-is-impacting-canadian-mothers-more-than-fathers-study-1.5014244
Kirkey, S. (2019, November 07). From Lisa Raitt to Renata Ford, these are the five high-profile women who lost Monday. Retrieved from https://nationalpost.com/news/from-lisa-raitt-to-renata-ford-these-are-the-five-high-profile-women-who-lost-monday
Heard, A. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.sfu.ca/~aheard/elections/women-elected.html
Elect Her: A Roadmap for Improving the Representation of … (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.legco.gov.hk/general/english/library/stay_informed_parliamentary_news/representation_of_women.pdf
Lawless, J. L., & Fox, R. L. (2016, July 28). Not a 'Year of the Woman'…and 2036 Doesn't Look So Good Either. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/research/not-a-year-of-the-woman-and-2036-doesnt-look-so-good-either/
Evidence – FEWO (42-1) – No. 108 – House of Commons of Canada. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/42-1/FEWO/meeting-108/evidence
Warner, J. (n.d.). Opening the Gates. Retrieved from https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/women/reports/2017/05/19/427206/opening-the-gates/
Publications – CRIAW-ICREF. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.criaw-icref.ca/en/page/publications-action-on-barriers
Pas, D. J., & Aaldering, L. (2020). Gender Differences in Political Media Coverage: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Communication, 70(1), 114-143. doi:10.1093/joc/jqz046
Wasburn, P. C., & Wasburn, M. H. (2011). Media coverage of women in politics: The curious case of Sarah Palin. Media, Culture & Society, 33(7), 1027-1041. doi:10.1177/0163443711415744
Women in National Parliament – Inter-Parliamentary Union. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm
Feminist Interventions in Political Representation in the … (n.d.). Retrieved from https://journals.openedition.org/ejas/10502
Equal Participation of Women and Men in Decision-Making … (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/eql-men/FinalReport.pdf
Anil Wasif
Ontario Government
BacharLorai
Public Policy Association of Graduate Students (PPAGS)
Maisha Kabir
The Diversity Org


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text:
Tag Archives: 20010
By Donna C. 2:27 pm04 Jun 2010
Columbia Heights Farmers Market Opens Tomorrow
'Dreamy Creamy Chocolate'
courtesy of 'Hoffmann'
Even the mayor will be on hand to welcome a new farmers market to the city tomorrow. The Columbia Heights Community Marketplace kicks off at 9 a.m. and runs until 2 p.m. at 14th and Park, across from Giant, Target, and Tivoli Theater.
At 11 a.m., Mayor Adrian Fenty, Chairman Vincent Gray, and Councilmembers Jim Graham and Kwame Brown will kick off opening ceremonies. Dancers and actors from the Dance Institute and Gala Theatre will perform; live entertainment will take place the first Saturday of each month and include activities like tai chi and cooking demonstrations.
Come every Saturday for fresh veggies and fruit (it's berry season, you know), meats, breads, cheeses, flowers and beat-the-heat gelato–all grown and raised within 150 miles of DC.
Thrive DC, Miriam's Kitchen and Christ House, three local homeless services, will be gleaning leftover produce to make meals for the homeless.
Tags: 20010, Columbia Heights, farmers' market
The Features, Where We Live
By shannon 9:00 am06 Nov 2009
Where We Live: Petworth
'1304 Monroe Street NW'
courtesy of 'Mr. T in DC'
Welcome to this week's Where We Live! So far, this feature has taken us to every quadrant of the District, and soon, we'll be expanding to include Maryland and Virginia suburbs. But first, let's look at a DC neighborhood that has a real sense of community: Petworth. Read on to explore this fantastic community in Northwest DC.
History: Petworth was originally two country estates in Washington County, DC (not part of L'Enfant's original city) owned by John Tayloe. The city eventually expanded up to this area, and in the 1880s these two estates were purchased for development. Seemingly overnight, a neighborhood popped up, with thousands of similar-looking brick rowhouses developed in the 1920s and 1930s. This area was promoted as an ideal place to live, with the convenience of a streetcar (which ran from downtown up through Silver Spring and stopped in Petworth) but the parks and quiet residential nature of the suburbs. Continue reading →
Tags: 20010, brightwood, Georgia Avenue, neighborhoods, parkview, Petworth
By Don 3:16 pm23 Oct 2009
Not boo, book! Some Halloween reading by Eric Nuzum
courtesy of erin m
If you'd like a way to ease yourself into the Halloween spirit there's a free reading tonight that might be right up your alley. Petworth's own Eric Nuzum, author of The Dead Travel Fast, has another book in the works. Dead was about vampires and our obsession with them. Nuzum describes Bring Me to Heaven as a "ghost-themed memoir."
No, I don't know what that means.
What I do know is that he'll be doing a reading, including material from the upcoming book, tonight at Past Tense in Mount Pleasant. The press release says some of the amusing stories he'll relate will include:
• A night spent locked in an abandoned prison facility with a reputation for violent paranormal interactions
• An evening spent traipsing through the Gettysburg Battlefield in search of ghosts
And more. The reading is at 7:45 but you're encouraged to come at 6:30 and join the happy hour yoga class.
Yes, Happy Hour Yoga. Look, I just report on this stuff, okay?
3253 Mt. Pleasant St. NW,
Tags: 20010
By shannon 9:00 am09 Oct 2009
Where We Live: Columbia Heights
'11th Street NW Rowhouses'
Another Friday, another neighborhood. This week's Where We Live focuses on a neighborhood that has reinvented itself over the past ten years, Columbia Heights. Columbia Heights has a lot to offer, from beautiful residential areas to the massive new DC USA development, and it's got a pretty neat history too. Read on to learn all about Columbia Heights.
History: Columbia Heights was originally a horse track and farmland directly outside the boundary of the City of Washington, and it was also the original home of Columbian College (which eventually became George Washington University). In 1881, Senator John Sherman purchased a whole bunch of land in the area and named the development Columbia Heights, in honor of Columbian College. In 1904, the college moved down to Foggy Bottom. The federal government purchased some land and built Meridian Hill Park, and the area became an upscale neighborhood that attracted federal workers and military officers. In the early 1900s Columbia Heights was one of the most desirable neighborhoods in the city, and attracted a number of notable residents. By 1914, four streetcar lines connected Columbia Heights to downtown DC.
The neighborhood began to transform from a suburban neighborhood to an urban center in the early part of the twentieth century, with the construction of larger apartment buildings and the Tivoli Theater in 1924. Columbia Heights was adjacent to the thriving black communities of Shaw and U Street, and became home to more African Americans during the first half of the twentieth century. Then, of course, the 1968 riots happened. Residents moved out, stores remained vacant for decades, and Columbia Heights lost its luster.
Tags: 20009, 20010, Columbia Heights, neighborhoods, where we live
Food and Drink, The Features, We Love Drinks
By Jenn Larsen 3:00 pm24 Sep 2009
We Love Drinks: Room 11
"The patio at Room 11" by squidpants, on Flickr
I'm not precisely sure why, but something about Room 11 reminds me of New Orleans. Not the crazy raucous Bourbon Street tourist madness that immediately comes to mind, but the lazy corner bar where the locals go.
Maybe because the actual space is so tiny, just a bar with an outside patio that dwarfs the inside. Maybe because the first night I was there, the clientele was such a fascinating mix of local characters. On one side, I could eavesdrop on the brothers Brown concocting their latest cocktail bar, on the other, a courtly group of GI Generationers enjoying the vino. The next visit it was the after-work young professionals crowd, enlivened by a dandy with a dog.
A complete cross-section of the Columbia Heights neighborhood? Well, not entirely. "You enjoying that wine and cheese?" a man sneered as he passed by.
But, no social commentary today. Let's talk about that wine and cheese instead. Continue reading →
Tags: 20010, Columbia Heights, Room 11, Wine Bars
Life in the Capital, The District, The Features, Where We Live
By shannon 9:00 am19 Jun 2009
Where We Live: Mount Pleasant
'Shrine of the Sacred Heart'
courtesy of 'NCinDC'
The diverse and eclectic Mount Pleasant neighborhood is the topic of this week's Where We Live. It was once a streetcar suburb and is now a mix of housing types with a main street of its own. It has great access to downtown and is right in between Adams Morgan and Columbia Heights, two very developed areas, but it has retained a quieter residential character. Read on to hear the very cool history of Mount Pleasant and what to check out next time you're there.
History: The neighborhood dates back to 1727, when a large area of what is now Columbia Heights/Adams Morgan/Mount Pleasant was granted to James Holmead. The area was named Pleasant Plains in 1750, and then became part of the District when it was established in 1791. During the Civil War, the area was home to a hospital, and after the war the neighborhood became known as Mount Pleasant Village. The area was separated from the rest of the District by rural land, as DC hadn't grown into its 10-mile square yet, which is why Mount Pleasant doesn't quite line up with DC's orderly grid of streets. In the 1870s, the area became the District's first streetcar suburb, and many middle class residents moved in to take advantage of the quick commute to Washington City.
The area has changed a lot since then. In the 1950s, the neighborhood became racially segregated, with many white residents leaving the city altogether. The 1968 riots only made things worse, and the area entered a period of decline. However, throughout the 1960s Spanish-speaking immigrants began moving to Mount Pleasant, establishing vibrant communities of El Salvadorean and Dominican Republic immigrants. In the 1980s and 1990s, affluent professionals began moving into the area for its access to jobs downtown and its historic residential housing stock. And today, the population is a mix of all those eras: approximately one third of residents are white, one third are African-American, and one third are Hispanic.
Neighborhood Character: Mount Pleasant has a strong historic residential character throughout the neighborhood and a pedestrian-friendly commercial strip along Mount Pleasant Street. Rowhouses and smaller apartment buildings make up the neighborhood, and many historic structures from the early 1900s remain. The area is very walkable, with strong transit access and a variety of neighborhood destinations. In recent years, Mount Pleasant has been changing due to the nearby development of Columbia Heights. Tim, author of the neighborhood blog The 42 and Mount Pleasant resident of six years, had this to say: " There obviously have been hundreds of changes, some from within and many from without. We've been greatly affected by the development of Columbia Heights. Most of that has probably been good for Mount Pleasant in terms of access to amenities. On the other hand, we've seen stagnant development of out own commercial strip at the same time."
Tags: 20009, 20010, 42 bus, mount pleasant, neighborhoods
By Donna C. 12:36 pm12 Jun 2009
Bliss Out(side) in Mt. Pleasant
'Yoga time!'
courtesy of 'lululemon athletica'
The first yoga studio in Mt. Pleasant has just opened opens soon, serving yogis at all levels, and it does sound fun. Classes include Strong Hold for athletic types, Virgin Yoga for newbies, and a jammin' Friday Happy Hour with a Top 40, alternative or R&B soundtrack.
Past Tense is at 3235 Mt. Pleasant Ave., three blocks from the Columbia Heights Metro.
On Tuesday at 7 p.m., they'll be having a free class outside at Lamont Park (17th and Lamont). And they'll be taking pictures that they promise will not make your butt look big. Yay for yoga!
Update: They believe the studio will open June 25, so keep an eye on their site.
Tags: 20010, mt. pleasant, outside, yoga
The Daily Feed, WTF?!
By Tiffany Bridge 12:42 pm05 Jan 2009
Today, I am 12
Modified Speed Hump Sign on Monroe Street NW, by Mr. T in DC
The photo is a year and a half old, but it just made it into our Flickr pool, so it's new to me. And it entertained me thoroughly. If you can't read the sign, be sure to click through. And I agree, Mr. T, the grammatical error just adds to the comic effect. I almost regret that it's not immortalized this way in Google Street View. (Yes, of COURSE I checked.)
Food and Drink, Night Life, We Love Drinks
By Jenn Larsen 2:28 pm01 Jan 2009
We Love Drinks: Commonwealth
"Commonwealth" by Jenn Larsen, on Flickr
It isn't Commonwealth's fault that it has the single-most worst view of any bar in the city. Entirely fronted in high glass walls, it overlooks the ghastly architectural blight of DC USA, the single-most worst looking development in the city. Billed as a "gastropub," that British trend of sexing up the old-school pub with better food than the usual slop, it splits the gastro to one side and the pub to the other, making for a bar area that seems an afterthought. However, even with those three design strikes against it, so far I quite like Commonwealth.
As far as the pub section goes, once you get over the view it's quite cosy, with small tables and a long leather-bound banquette. It's been an accommodating space for both large groups and small duets. The beer list has selections from the U.S. commonwealths of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Massachusetts in addition to United Kingdom brews. This makes for seemingly strange bedfellows for the eleven drafts, like Michelob and Bellhaven Twisted Thistle, but I suppose it does make it easier for groups of friends with disparate tastes. There are also beer flights and nightly specials, and you can get a U.S. or a U.K. pint (one dollar more). The bottled selection offers about twenty U.K. and fourteen U.S., and so far friendly servers have been knowledgeable and helpful in navigating the choices. As I've said before, I know nothing about beer, so this is a plus for me. To date I've tried Samuel Smith's Lager, Black Sheep Yorkshire Ale, and the reliable Smithwick's Irish Ale to good success.
If you're looking to nosh, the pub grub is interesting as well. Continue reading →
Tags: 20010, Columbia Heights, Commonwealth, gastropub, Jamie Leeds


A diverse group of 36 nonprofit organizations and dozens of public policy leaders have called for an independent review of claims in the National Climate Assessment and other reports that Earth's changing climate will harm national security. The letter also supports creation of the proposed President's Commission on Climate Security.
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Developed and implemented the capstone course for the Writing Certificate Program. Students in the workshop review and analyze the work done in their writing-intensive WCP credit courses and select pieces that represent their program of study for the certificate.
New service-learning course developed to focus on the relationship between writing and community through exploration of the various communities in which we participate and the role of written communication in the development and maintenance of those communities.
Developed service-learning project working with the Archway Partnership to have students analyze and and revise current websites and develop new site design plans, including visuals, copy, and information architecture and then produce a professional report conveying the recommendations. Students at UGA in these courses have developed new website plans for Candler County and Pulaski County, GA, and the new Candler site recently went live: Everything's Better in Metter.
Advanced Studies in Writing: "Writing About Writing"
This course's central question is "What is useful in thinking about writing as an object of study in and of itself?" The focus is on all aspects of writing - the writing process, our conception of ourselves as writers, methods for teaching and learning writing skills, and understanding the process of textual production - and how focusing on writing as a subject of knowledge affects the development of writing skills.
Advanced Studies in Writing: "Community Writing"
Developed special topic course on that focused on the role of rhetoric and writing in the construction and development of community identity. Partnered with the Office of Service-Learning's Community Food Engagement Hub and ARST 4210: Special Topics in Photography (Instructor: Professor Michael Marshall) to create multimodal informational materials and publications for local agencies, including Campus Kitchen, UGArden, Athens Community Council on Aging/Meals on Wheels, and P.L.A.C.E.
Writing is a problem. Writing is design. Writing is negotiation. Writing is conversation.
My focus as a teacher of rhetoric and composition courses is on building the problem-solving skills that form the foundation of effective writing. I work to engage students in the process of analyzing and negotiating each unique rhetorical challenge. I treat writing as a design activity, in which writers must determine what they wish to accomplish and how they wish their audience to interact with and experience each textual composition and figure out how best to achieve their aims. My courses are structured around the iterative processes of research, drafting, review, revision, and editing. I emphasize research as a way to engage students in the questions that pique their curiosity, and I create opportunities for them to work through the academic process of exploration. I also emphasize authentic learning experiences that give students the chance to engage with and produce texts for actual readers and communities who are invested in the issues and topics they are exploring.


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text:
Cambodian Court Case Stokes Fear Of Crackdown
By Anthony Kuhn
Published October 1, 2012 at 3:20 PM MDT
Supporters of Cambodian journalist Mam Sonando protest outside a Phnom Penh courthouse on Monday, when judges sentenced him to 20 years in jail for leading an alleged secession movement. Critics say the pro-democracy activist's case was politically motivated.
A court in Cambodia has convicted a prominent journalist and pro-democracy activist on charges of convincing villagers in eastern Cambodia to rise up and declare independence from the country. Civic groups say the case is part of a worrying trend of government efforts to stifle freedom of expression, and attempts to take land away from farmers.
Hundreds of supporters vented their fury outside the courthouse Monday as judges sentenced Mam Sonando to 20 years in jail. Speaking before the verdict, his wife, Dinn Phanara, says the case was politically motivated.
"To be frank, the government has threatened my husband with imprisonment in order to keep him from teaching people about the rule of law and democracy," Dinn Phanara said. "His efforts have won him a lot of popular support. He is a patriot."
/ STR/AFP/Getty Images
Supporters of Mam Sonando (shown here Monday after his conviction) say the pro-democracy activist drew the government's ire by trying to help farmers in eastern Kratie province protect their land. He also runs one of the few private broadcasters in the country that is critical of the government.
Political Moves Ahead Of Elections
Ou Virak, president of the Cambodian Center for Human Rights, says the case is part of a wider crackdown on dissent. He says the country's mercurial prime minister, Hun Sen, is especially intolerant of any challenge to his authority ahead of next year's general election, which could be hotly contested.
"I think Hun Sen is more than nervous about the 2013 election," Ou Virak says. "It's paranoia. I think he's starting to see enemies everywhere. The challenge to his strongman image and his grip on power is coming from all over the place."
Hun Sen is a former commander in the Khmer Rouge, which killed off roughly a quarter of Cambodia's population during its four-year rule, beginning in 1975. He has been in power through several governments stretching back to 1985. In an age when Southeast Asia's authoritarian regimes are mostly headed by colorless technocrats, Hun Sen stands out as an old-school political strongman.
Critics of Hun Sen say that Mam Sonando, who runs the activist group Association of Democrats, came into the government's cross hairs for trying to help farmers in the village of Pro Ma in Kratie province organize to protect their land. The land was granted to a Russian-owned agribusiness, and some villagers refused to leave.
Mam Sonando also runs Beehive Radio, one of the few private broadcasters in Cambodia that is critical of the government, and rents airtime to opposition parties. Ou Virak adds that Mam Sonando particularly angered Hun Sen by interviewing the head of a California-based Cambodian exile group that is suing the Cambodian government for crimes against humanity at the International Criminal Court at The Hague.
Anthony Kuhn / NPR
Residents gather their belongings in a paddy field near Pro Ma village in eastern Cambodia's Kratie province. Farmers are being forced to move after their land was granted to a Russian agribusiness.
An Unlikely Place To Secede
Observers say the increase in land disputes in Cambodia stems from a lack of transparency in government policymaking, and inadequate enforcement of the country's laws. The U.N.'s special rapporteur on human rights in Cambodia said in a report last month that land grabs are fueling popular anger at government corruption and the rising human cost of economic development.
The idea that Pro Ma, little more than a clearing in the jungle just east of the Mekong River, could become an independent nation is a bitter joke to the villagers.
During the rainy season, the jungle trails leading to the village become a series of quagmires, barely navigable by motorcycle and on foot. The village is little more than farmhouses, people and chickens.
"The soldiers came and told us they were here to rescue us from the secessionists," one villager says, speaking in her home built on stilts. "They took our farmland, and now they won't allow us to go back to tend to our crops."
Authorities have warned villagers to remain silent, so they asked that their names not be used. Another villager says soldiers robbed him at gunpoint. He points to a sack of rice and says he's running out of food.
"If we try to go back to our fields, the authorities will accuse us of resisting them," he says. "We are just unarmed civilians, and it's getting difficult for us to live here. If we don't get our land back, I'll have to go elsewhere to make a living."
Soldiers who tried to evict the villagers in May shot a 14-year-old girl to death.
Troubling Trends
In June, Prime Minister Hun Sen publicly warned groups to steer clear of the issue.
"Do you want to support this effort to create a state within a state and incite violence?" Hun said. "I regret the death of the girl. It was not intentional. Who caused this? It was the Association of Democrats."
While Cambodia's economy is expected to grow by about 7 percent this year, many observers see its democracy as regressing. The German think tank Bertelsmann Stiftung recently ranked Cambodia's democracy 105th out of 128 developing countries, down from 88th out of 125 four years ago.
President Obama is expected to visit Cambodia next month to attend a regional summit. The White House has yet to confirm his attendance, but Ou Virak wants to use the visit to focus the president's attention on human rights issues. Others, including parliamentarian Mu Sochua, say that because of these issues, the president should just not come at all.
NPR News AsiaAll Things ConsideredAll Things Considered
Anthony Kuhn is NPR's correspondent based in Seoul, South Korea, reporting on the Korean Peninsula, Japan, and the great diversity of Asia's countries and cultures. Before moving to Seoul in 2018, he traveled to the region to cover major stories including the North Korean nuclear crisis and the Fukushima earthquake and nuclear disaster.
See stories by Anthony Kuhn
Freshwater fish are filled with 'forever chemicals' at alarming levels, researchers find
In Cambodia, Aging Khmer Rouge Leaders Go On Trial
Efforts to prosecute the leaders of the Khmer Rouge have dragged on for years, and the survivors are now elderly men. A trial that began this week could well be the last opportunity to put them on trial.
Confined To A Thai Fishing Boat, For Three Years
Shannon Service
Thailand has a huge fishing industry that's chronically short of workers. Human traffickers recruit desperate men from Cambodia and Myanmar, who then find themselves at sea for extended periods in miserable conditions. One man says his ordeal lasted three years.
Southeast Asian Slums Network For Housing Rights
Fast economic growth often carries a high price for some of the poorest residents as slums are cleared, sometimes by force. But the Four Regions Slum Network aims to give slum dwellers a political voice.
How A Biofuel Dream Called Jatropha Came Crashing Down
Dan Charles
People thought the hardy Jatropha tree was the answer to the food vs. fuel debate, until it wasn't. Financial hard times and a misunderstanding revealed this biofuel to be like all the rest — in need of good food and water.


With a stay at this property in Verona, you'll be within a 15-minute walk of Juliet's House and Roman Theater. This property is 0.7 mi (1.1 km) from Verona Archeological Museum and 0.7 mi (1.1 km) from Scaliger Tombs.
Make yourself comfortable in this air-conditioned accommodation, featuring a kitchen with a full-sized refrigerator/freezer and an oven. There's a private balcony or patio. A flat-screen television with cable programming provides entertainment, while complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected. Conveniences include a desk and a separate sitting area, and you can also request a crib/infant bed (surcharge).


After the Chicago Blackhawks decided to walk away from a $2.75M contract Stanley Cup winning goaltender, Antti Niemi, he became an UFA. Niemi decided his immediate future yesterday by signing a 1 year, $2M contract with the San Jose Sharks. This is a little surprising after San Jose brought in Nittymaki on July 1st. Now they have one of the best goaltender combinations in the NHL after deciding not to bring back Nabokov. Amazingly, the Sharks payed about $1M less for the combo of Niemi and Nittymaki than what Nabokov would've cost them.
Similarly, the Montreal Canadiens decided to trade playoff hero Jaroslav Halak and give Carey Price the key to the organization. But, contract talks between the two sides went very slow. They were able to work out a 2 year contract today. The amount the contract is for hasn't been released yet though. This was key for the Canadiens even though talks took over two months. Price is still and can succeed this year with the right players around him.
The NHL has extended the deadline to accept or deny the Devil's new contract for Kovalchuk until tomorrow at 5:00pm EST.
Jordan Staal will miss the beginning of training camp as suspected earlier, but will be ready to play in the season opener.
Darcy Tucker is not being invited to the Maple Leaf's training camp.
Bill Guerin has been working out with the Flyers and should be receiving an official invite to training camp soon.
Steve Yzerman said Paul Ranger will not be with the Lightning to start the season. He left the team in October last year for unknown personal reasons and is yet to return.
This entry was posted in News, Trades, & Signings and tagged Bill Guerin, Canadiens, Carey Price, Darcy Tucker, Devils, Flyers, Jordan Staal, Kovalchuk, Lightning, NHL, Niemi, Nittymaki, Paul Ranger, Sharks, Steve Yzerman. Bookmark the permalink.