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Usain Bolt Is Pictured Kissing A THIRD Girl In Rio...
Startling pictures have emerged showing Usain Bolt kissing a second woman in a Rio nightclub just hours before he spent the night with a 20-year-old student who today shared WhatsApp images of them in bed.
The Jamaican Olympic star - who has a long-term girlfriend - arrived in the early hours of Sunday morning at a club in the Barra de Tijuca suburb of Rio where he racked up a £1,000 bar bill which he paid for himself.
The sprinter was celebrating his 30th birthday in style after claiming an historic ninth gold medal and was pictured with the mystery brunette, who was wearing a lanyard with Olympic branding, in the VIP area at the venue.
Read Full Story .... dailymail.co.uk >>> :
Fiji's English Rugby Sevens Coach Given Hero's Welcome
Mariah Carey 'Threw A Laptop Out Of The Window' After Fiance Played Beyonce Song


text:
4MATCH URL: https://assets.rappler.com/612F469A6EA84F6BAE882D2B94A4B421/img/42922E5B8A634A7AA929DAD9D77FD158/mindanao-security-threats-20170529.jpg
Terror groups and clan wars: Mindanao's security threats
The Maute Group is in the spotlight for its attack on Marawi City, but Mindanao has seen other security threats in its 27 provinces
Katerina Francisco
@kaifrancisco
SECURITY THREATS. The troubled southern island of Mindanao has a long history of conflict and violence. Photos by Bobby Lagsa/Rappler and Ted Aljibe/AFP
MANILA, Philippines – On May 23, President Rodrigo Duterte declared martial law in Mindanao for 60 days, following clashes in Marawi City between government troops and the Islamic State (ISIS)-inspired Maute terror group.
This was the first time martial law was declared since 2009, when then-president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo put Maguindanao province under martial law following the Maguindanao massacre. (READ: Martial Law 101: Things you should know)
But Arroyo's declaration of martial law covered only one province. Duterte's declaration covered the entire island of Mindanao, even if the clashes triggering the declaration centered only on Marawi City, a city of around 201,000 people with a land area of 87.55 square kilometers. (READ: Questions you need to ask about martial law in Mindanao)
The government justified its decision, citing other security threats that need to be addressed in other parts of Mindanao, not just in Marawi City.
"There are also problems in Zamboanga, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi, also in Central Mindanao. We also have some problems in Region XI, [extortion] of the NPA," Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said in a press briefing last week.
"Sabi nga ni Presidente, he has been telling this before na if I declare martial law, tatapusin ko lahat ng problema so kaya nga buong Mindanao na," he added.
(The President has long been saying that if he declares martial law, he will end all the problems, so that's why the entire Mindanao was included.)
A day after declaring martial law, Duterte said he did so because of the threat of ISIS.
The troubled southern island has a long history of conflict and violence. Its 27 provinces have faced – and continue to face – a host of security threats: the radical terrorist group Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG); the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), and the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF); communist rebels from the New People's Army (NPA); and the terrorist Maute Group, based in Lanao del Sur.
The MNLF is the mother group of both the ASG – which broke away in 1991 – and the MILF, which is now engaged in peace talks with the government.
According to the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, the MNLF operates in Basilan, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, North Cotabato, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and in the Zamboanga Peninsula. The ASG, meanwhile, is mostly active in Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi.
Aside from these groups, rido or clan wars are also common, particularly in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). According to a 2007 book published by The Asia Foundation (TAF), nearly 1,300 rido cases were recorded between the 1930s and 2005, killing more than 5,500 people in 11 Mindanao provinces.
These clan wars have been ongoing even before terror threats arose, with some of the earliest rido cases recorded taking place in the 1930s.
Rappler looks at the different security threats facing Mindanao's 27 provinces.
Zamboanga Sibugay has suffered from attacks from the MILF, with its rebels responsible for staging ambushes on government troops. The MNLF also has its presence via Commander Enier Misuari, nephew of MNLF founder Nur Misuari, a known figure in the province. Enier Misuari was captured in September 2013.
Earlier this month, the military clashed with NPA rebels, resulting in the deaths of two commanders.
The MILF threat has long been ongoing in Mindanao, prompting the Zamboanga del Norte governor in 2008 to arm civilians for their protection.
Zamboanga del Norte has faced threats from the MILF. The group has maintained a camp with battalion-size fighters in 4 towns in the provinces – Sirawai, Sibuco, Siocon, and Baliguian. In January this year, rogue members of the MILF attacked a detachment of the Army's 42nd Infantry Battalion in Barangay San Vicente. In 2015, several towns in the province were classified as areas with a high terrorist threat.
Zamboanga del Sur is a risk area for attacks by the MILF, MNLF, and NPA rebels. Just last month, NPA rebels killed the barangay captain of San Miguel town. In November 2016, two soldiers were killed in an ambush in Barangay Guinicolalay. In July 2014, soldiers were also attacked by NPA rebels in the town of Tigbao.
In September 2013, nearly 500 MNLF members attacked Zamboanga City, leading to a standoff with government forces. It happened about 12 years since Misuari and his followers also took hostages in the city, in what became known as the Cabatangan siege.
NPA attacks have been occurring in recent years in Misamis Occidental. In December 2013, 100 NPA rebels raided a police station, taking weapons with them. In March 2017, government forces managed to capture an NPA camp in Tudela town.
Waves of NPA attacks in Bukidnon have been seen in recent years. The communist rebels targeted a hydropower plant project in Valencia City in February 2017, as well as plantations and offices of Del Monte Philippines in February 2013 and January 2016.
The rebels have also resumed attacks against government forces since the NPA ended its unilateral ceasefire in February 2017.
In 2008, clashes broke out between the MILF and government forces, with the rebels trying to overrun a militia detachment and attacking military positions because of the delay in the implementation of a memorandum of agreement on ancestral domain.
In January 2017, the Philippine defense chief confirmed that ISIS leadership communicated with Abu Sayyaf senior leader Isnilon Hapilon, who had been monitored moving from his base in Basilan to Lanao del Norte.
Misamis Oriental has suffered from NPA attacks. Among the fatalities was a private first class in Sugbongcogon town in February 2017. NPA attacks have been common in recent years: the attack on a supposed "insurgent-free" town in August 2015, and an attack on a police station in the town of Medina in August 2011, among others. In November 2015, the rebels released a prisoner of war in Sugbongcogon.
In February 2015, local officials declared the province "insurgency-free" and ready for development, noting that there had been no recent violent incidents initiated by terror groups in the area.
However, it was among the areas listed in a travel advisory issued by the Australian embassy in April 2017 to warn against the possibility of kidnappings.
Following the end of the NPA's unilateral ceasefire in February 2017, communist rebels clashed with the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) in separate attacks around the country. Last month, the NPA staged an attack at a major tourist attraction, the Aliwagwag Falls. A clash between the NPA and government forces also took place in Mati City in March 2017, while another attack was also reported in Capiz, Davao Oriental in February 2017. The most recent attack was staged last May 9 at the Mil-Oro Mining Corporation, which the NPA said, was "punishment" for the mining firm's negative impact on the environment.
In 2015, the Philippine Army said Compostela Valley was the number one province affected by insurgency, with communist rebels numbering between 300 and 400. But a year later, the province was declared "conflict-manageable and development-ready."
The army said the success of its operations was largely due to the implementation of its Internal Peace and Security Plan (IPSP), which focused on boosting security in Compostela Valley's 11 municipalities.
Sporadic clashes still occur, however. In August 2016, some 20 soldiers engaged 60 rebels in a gunfight. In February this year, the Army said NPA rebels abducted 4 civilians in the province.
While Davao City itself is no longer on lockdown, following the Marawi crisis, much of the Davao Region continues to remain an area of security concern. In September last year, an explosion ripped through the Davao City night market, an attack blamed on the Maute Group. Insurgency concerns are also present: earlier this year, 300 families fled their homes as the military clashed with NPA rebels, and 4 Davao cops were killed in an NPA attack in March. The rebels' attacks in Davao City last month was also labeled by Mayor Sara Duterte-Carpio as "acts of terrorism."
The NPA has been active in the province in the last couple of years, although dozens of rebels have surrendered in the face of the government's all-out offensive against NPA hideouts. In recent months, minor clashes between the NPA and government forces continued to be reported regularly with the AFP sustaining casualties as well.
In September 2015, the Abu Sayyaf kidnapped 3 foreigners and a Filipina from a resort in Samal Island, Davao del Norte. The province has also seen several skirmishes between the military and communist rebels, with casualties being inflicted on both sides. In July 2016, NPA rebels staged an ambush on members of the CAFGU Active Auxiliary, despite the government's declaration of a unilateral ceasefire. The NPA, however, blamed the military for the attack.
AREAS OF OPERATION. The MNLF operates in Basilan, Davao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, North Cotabato, Sarangani, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and in the Zamboanga Peninsula, according to the PCIJ.
South Cotabato is another area of concern for the AFP as it has seen sporadic NPA activity in the past 3 years. Notable NPA activities in South Cotabato in 2016 included an armed clash with government forces in Koronadal City in which two NPA members were killed; and the burning of buses and heavy equipment, among other incidents. One of the most recent incidents is the NPA attack on a CAFGU unit in Barangay Tablu, Tampakan in March 2017.
Soldiers have engaged NPA rebels in the province who were allegedly collecting "protection money" from locals. In March, a Philippine Marine was killed and 8 others wounded in an NPA ambush in Kalamansig. Follow-up operations in Barangay Hinalaan also resulted in 6 NPA rebels killed. In April, at least 15 people were hurt when an improvised explosive device detonated in a business establishment. Previous reports said that prior to the blast, text messages had circulated warning of a bomb plot by the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF), a breakaway faction of the MILF.
This province is best known for the major confrontation that occurred in 2008 between rogue MILF rebels under Umbra Kato and the AFP. The armed group attacked civilian communities in 5 towns in the province, occupied farmlands, and burned houses, displacing more than 150,000 people.
In 2013, the MILF clashed with the MNLF in Matalam, North Cotabato, prompting 50 families to flee their homes.
Other than the MILF and the MNLF, the NPA has also been known to operate in the province. Last March, armed men claiming to be affiliated with the NPA burned a bus traveling between Marbel and Davao City. NPA members also clashed with soldiers last January in Makilala town, breaking the 5-month ceasefire between the two sides. Eight soldiers and an NPA rebel were killed in the hour-long firefight.
Military forces have battled MILF factions in the province, as well as NPA rebels. In February 2015, a high-ranking NPA leader was killed along with 4 others in a clash in Alabel, Sarangani.
One of the most significant anti-terror successes to date was the killing of a top leader of a local terror group. Mohammad Jaafar Maguid or "Tokboy" of the Ansar Khalifa Philippines (AKP) was killed in January 2017 following an inter-agency operation led by the National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) and police.
Maguid and his followers pledged allegiance to ISIS in 2015, and established links with Indonesian terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah.
AKP is also believed to be behind threats against the APEC Summit in Manila in November 2015.
The province has been experiencing NPA activity in recent months. In March 2017, 300 residents fled their homes following an NPA attack on Barangay Hinimbangan, Kitcharao town. Even prior to the attack on Hinimbangan, NPA elements clashed with government forces earlier in February.
Government troops continue operations against communist rebels in Agusan del Sur. Earlier this May, a high-ranking NPA leader, Rany Gargar Undayon of Guerrilla Front (GF) 19, was arrested by soldiers in Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur.
Rebels from the NPA's Front Committee 14 also recently kidnapped businessman Carzon Ceasar Lademora, son of a former Agusan del Sur town mayor.
In January 2016, the Philippine Army deployed 500 troops to the province to fight communist guerrillas, in the area which serves as the base of Jorge Madlos, the spokesman for Mindanao of the communist-led National Democratic Front. Governor Johnny Pimentel said Surigao del Sur and Agusan del Sur are the strongest bailiwicks of the NPA.
The communist rebels began gaining ground in the province in 1989, but weakened after military offensives. The group however managed to recover in the middle of the 2000s.
Surigao del Norte continues to face the threat of attacks by communist rebels. In March, the NPA reportedly detonated an IED in Malimono town, and engaged the military in a gunfight. The military also said residents claimed the rebels were harassing them and extorting money.
Earlier in February, NPA rebels were injured in a 15-minute firefight with soldiers, after Duterte ended the government's 6-month ceasefire with the NPA following a series of clashes, with each side claiming the other violated the ceasefire first.
Dinagat Islands
Dinagat Islands, one of the country's newest provinces (created in 2006) is relatively free from security threats.
In February 2016, the Philippine Army said there were no NPA-initiated incidents monitored in the province since January 2015.
ACTIVE AREAS. The Abu Sayyaf Group is mostly active in the provinces of Basilan, Sulu, and Tawi-Tawi.
Sulu is the lair of the notorious Abu Sayyaf Group, responsible for a spate of kidnappings and gruesome beheadings.
The ASG, which split from the MNLF, has its strongholds in Basilan and Jolo, Sulu. It was established in the early 1990s with seed money from Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda network, and has been responsible for more than 100,000 deaths since the 1970s.
The military has been issued the directive to go after the ASG, with about 8,000 troops deployed to Jolo, Sulu, according to Rappler sources.
In 2016, the ASG beheaded a Canadian hostage. He was one of 22 foreign hostages held by the terrorist group in Sulu.
The ASG's most senior ideological leader, Isnilon Hapilon, has also pledged allegiance to ISIS.
Aside from the threat of the ASG, rido cases are also prevalent in the province. The 2007 TAF book noted that rido cases have been recorded since the 1940s, and have occurred in every city and municipality in Sulu. Property and land disputes were the top causes behind the 145 clan feuds recorded in the study.
In March, the military said the ASG killed one of 6 Vietnamese sailors abducted off the Pearl Bank near Tawi-Tawi in February 2017.
In March, a sub-leader of the ASG, Buchoy Hassan, was killed in military operations.
In 2012, two European birdwatchers were abducted in Tawi-Tawi. Sources told Rappler that the two were later brought to Patikul, Sulu, with the transfer allegedly coordinated by MNLF commander Tahil Sali and Abu Sayyaf leader Radullan Sahiron.
The ASG is active in Basilan, with clashes between ASG members and government troops still occurring in recent weeks.
Earlier this month, Joint Task Force Basilan was able to track down and capture the ASG's temporary encampment in Barangay Pamatsaken, Sumisip municipality, which is believed to be harboring ASG sub-leader Furuji Indama.
In April last year, the military engaged the ASG in a 10-hour gunfight in Tipo-Tipo, Basilan, resulting in the deaths of 18 soldiers. A terror expert said ISIS was behind the attack – its first major attack in the Philippines.
The military has also had clashes with the MILF in Basilan. In 2011, 19 soldiers of the Army's Special Forces were killed by MILF rebels in Al-Barka, Basilan. In 2007, 23 Marines were killed in clashes with the MILF, with at least 14 of the soldiers beheaded.
In this province, rido cases were also recorded as early as the 1970s, with cases occurring in every city and municipality. At least 60 feuds were recorded, according to the 2007 TAF study, resulting in about 377 deaths.
The MILF's main camp is Camp Darapanan in Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao. The group is currently engaged in peace talks with the government.
Also a threat in the province is the BIFF, which broke away from the MILF over disagreements with the latter accepting autonomy instead of independence from the government.
In 2014, the military said it captured several strongholds of the BIFF in the province.
The AFP also said the BIFF has been allied with the private armed group of the late Andal Ampatuan Sr, former Maguindanao governor, since 2009.
STRONGHOLDS. The Maute Group is based in Lanao del Sur, and has established strongholds in the province.
The Maute Group, led by the Maute brothers who grew up in Butig town in this province, has been active in Lanao del Sur since 2015. In 2016, they were responsible for a series of attacks in the province, establishing strongholds and occupying the town of Butig. They are also accused of being behind the September 2016 bombing at a Davao City night market.
It was in Marawi City, capital of Lanao del Sur, where the Maute Group clashed with government troops in May 2017, prompting the President to declare martial law in Mindanao.
Aside from the Maute Group, Lanao del Sur also faces the problem of clan wars. A 2007 study found that 337 rido cases were recorded from 1994 to 2004 – with most happening in 2004, a year where national and local elections took place. The top causes were political rivalries, land disputes, pride, retaliation, accidents, and drug-related motives. – with Ishbelle Bongato and Carlos Victa / Rappler.com
Ishbelle Bongato and Carlos Victa are Rappler interns.
Filed under:ASG•Abu Sayyaf•Abu Sayyaf Group•ISIS•Islamic State•MILF•MNLF•Maute•Maute Group•Mindanao security threat•Moro Islamic Liberation Front•Moro National Liberation Front•NPA•New People's Army•security•security threat•Mindanao

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
title: Feature Engineering
feature_text: |
  Creación de nuevas variables
feature_image: "/cajamar_predictive/images/fondo_2.jpg"
image: "/cajamar_predictive/images/fondo_2.jpg"
---

En este apartado se explican qué variables se introducen en los modelos predictivos y como se han deducido.

### Son todas las variables necesarias?

Se ha decidido no usar la variable género, ya que no se considera adecuada la recomendación de productos basada en diferencias en esta característica. Aunque esta variable pueda dar lugar a resultados mejores, no es ético que se usen modelos basados en diferencias de género entre clientes, ya que va contra las política de igualdad de género actuales.

### Obtener información con la fecha de compra

#### Se pueden eliminar productos antiguos?

Una primera hipótesis fue utilizar solo información de compras más recientes. Se comprobó por tanto, los rangos de fecha de los distintos productos en ambos datasets. El gráfico de continuación presenta la diferencia entre el año inicial de los productos entre ambos datasets, dandonos visión de dicha diferencia.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p2.png" position="left" %}

Se pudo observar que los productos no aparecen en los dos datasets exactamente en el mismo rango de años. Hay un producto en concreto, el 1002, que aparece en el test 29 años antes que en el train, y dos mas, el 704 y el 2503, que aprecen 12 y 11 años antes en el train que en el test, respectivamente. Por eso se decidio no filtrar muestras basandonos en esta propiedad.

#### Hay productos que se venden más en determinadas epocas del año?

Una posible característica a añadir es el mes de compra del producto. Por tanto, se estudió la distribución a lo largo de los meses para todos los productos. El siguiente gráfico presenta el caso particular del producto 9993, el cual presenta un pico en marzo y abril. En consecuencia se podría deducir que es un producto estacional y que dicha característica debería introducirse en el dataset.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p3.png" position="left" %}

#### Hay productos que se vendan juntos?

Otra idea interesante a explorar la correlación entre productos. Aplicando técnicas senzillas de correlación se ha podido detectar que efectivamente hay productos que se venden juntos. Como por ejemplo los codigos 9993 y el 9991 que tienen cada año el mismo número de compras (ver imagen siguiente). Sería acertado, por tanto, recomendar a los clientes que tengan un producto que compren su pareja.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p4a.png" position="left" %}

#### Y de los productos que se compran juntos, que parejas predominan?

Como se ha comentado anteriormente, el dataset presenta parejas de productos. Si se observa la distribución de compra por las distintas parejas y trios, se pueden observar distintos conjuntos altamente demandados como el de 201-601, seguido de 601-2302, 301-601 y 201-601-2302. Tal como se ha visto anteriormente, los productos 601, 201, 301 deben pertenecer a productos primarios. Por tanto no es de estrañar encontrarlos en las secuencias.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p7.png" position="left" %}

----

### Relación entre último y penúltimo producto

Otra idea interesante es mirar la relación entre un producto y el anterior comprado. Para mirar esta idea se cogen los últimos y penúltimos productos de cada customer y se crea el siguiente gráfico. Dicho gráfico es un heatmap, en el cual cada recuadro representa el log(N), siendo N el número de veces que 2 productos se compran seguidos.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p10.png" position="left" %}

Hay algunos productos que se compran bastante seguidos, como por ejemplo el 9991 y el 9993, como ya hemos comentado anteriormente, el 601 y el 301, y también el 601 y el 2302, entre otros. Además, esta matriz nos puede dar una idea de relaciones entre productos, y también nos plantea la posiblidad de hacer cluster de productos para detectar este tipo de relaciones.

----

### Variables relacionadas con el customer

A continuación se pretende caracterizar a los distintos customers según sus características de compra, como por ejemplo, si es un customer que compra mucho, cuando es su primera compra, y la última, cada cuanto realiza una compra, etc.

#### Cuantos productos han comprado los customers?

Podemos ver que la gran mayoria de customers compran entre 1-4 productos.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p4.png" position="left" %}

#### Y de los que solo han comprado un producto, que productos predominan?

Se puede ver pues que el 601 destaca en esos usuarios que solo han comprado uno, seguido del 301, el 201 y el 2302. Se puede deducir que estos productos deben ser básicos para todo usuario bancario.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p5.png" position="left" %}

Tambien se pueden evaluar los productos comprados por customers con mayor historial de compra (> 10 productos).

El producto 601 sigue teniendo mucha demanda, pero a él se unen también otros productos como el 201 y el 301, el 2302 y la pareja formada por el 9991 y 9993.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/p6.png" position="left" %}

#### Es importante el mes de compra?

Entendiendo el negocio se puede deducir que los customers tendrán tendencia a comprar en determinados periodos del año. Así pues es interesante mirar si hay este efecto. En la imágen siguiente se puede observar las compras de estos customers se centran en meses determinados.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/fig11.png" position="left" %}

Otra variable a deducir es el tiempo de compras, que se puede visualizar en los siguientes gráficos:

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/fig12.png" position="left" %}

La mayoria de customers tienen aproximadamente un tiempo medio desde la primera compra de 5000 dias (14 años), un tiempo medio desde la última compra de 2222 (7 años) y un lag entre compras de 1200 (3 años).

## Enriquecer la base

Usando la información anterior se han creado variables nuevas para ayudar al modelo.

Primero de todo, tal y como se vio en el análisis exploratorio de los datos, hay mucha información temporal que puede ser útil.

Otro punto es introducir el histórico de productos.Así pues, se añaden 94 variables (tantas como productos únicos), que indican si un producto se ha comprado anteriormente.

#### Cluster de productos

Una primera aproximación fue hacer un clustering para ver si se agrupan los productos y se puede añadir una variable cluster por producto. Para hacer el clustering se utiliza la plataforma h2o, ya que tiene funciones optimizadas para trabajar con algoritmos de machine learning.

Sin embargo, se descarto esta idea porque los grupos obtenidos se repartían de manera muy inhomogénea.

#### Cluster de customers

Por otro lado, se presenta otra aproximación de clustering, esta vez de los usuarios dadas sus características sociodemográficas y la información de compra.

En este caso, el clustering ha dado unos grupos con porcentages de customers más razonables, como se puede apreciar en la siguiente figura.

{% include figure.html image="/cajamar_predictive/images/fig20.png" position="left" %}

El análisis exploratorio se hizo con Power BI de Microsoft.

[CajamarPowerBI](https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiN2VjYmFhNDktZjUzMy00MjBkLTgxMmItMmRlZWYyZjI2YzBmIiwidCI6ImEyMzEzY2FiLWIxYzMtNGYzYS1iYjExLTIxNTc0NDdkZGJiNCIsImMiOjh9)

En los clusters se puede apreciar:

* Grupo de clientes mayores con ingresos medios (cluster 0).

* Grupo de clientes más jóvenes y de mediana edad con ingresos medios-bajos (cluster 1).

* Grupo de clientes de mediana edad con ingresos medios-altos (cluster 2).

* Grupo de clientes  de mediana-alta edad con ingresos altos (cluster 3).

* El cluster 3 es el que tiene más clientes autónomos.

* Mayormente, los grupos de edad más alta tienen también más antigüedad.

## Conclusiones

Los análisis llevados a cabo en este apartado permiten definir las variables nuevas que se van a introducir en el modelo predictivo. Destacar la importancia de las variables temporales, así como la información del historial de compra. El hecho que los customers tengan características sociodemográficas y comportamientos de compra distintos permiten también agruparlos en clusters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


RedHen DIY costume and prop patterns.
Red Hen DIY sprang out of my experiences teaching others how to make sets, props and costumes for various "low-budget" productions (schools, churches, etc.) With almost 30 years of working in the commercial arts, I have always concentrated on the quality reproducibility of my artwork. It makes me so happy to show others how to create things that they did not think they could, and see the the excitement in their eyes as their creation "comes to life" in their hands. The patterns I create are born from a need for quality props and costumes that do not "break" the budget. If you have a "can do" attitude, these patterns provide the "how to" for you to create beautiful, quality costumes and props.


April 11, 2016 - Like us now!
Department of Islamic Affairs and Charitable Activities (IACAD) in Dubai has issued a fatwa prohibiting use of others' Internet WiFi service without their permission.
They went on to defend their decision by saying that illegal use of WiFi could reduce the Internet speed for the original user making the whole act unethical. However, it was not prohibited to use WiFi that is designed to be used by the public.
While many people in Pakistan would consider issuing a fatwa on such a small thing as WiFi should note that a fatwa is an Islamic rule of law and since the UAE follows the sharia law, every citizen must abide by these fatwas. The IACAD regularly issues such fatwas, to keep a check and balance on the fast -paced technological advancement.
Our own government may not be taking any steps to keep a check on such things but it should be noted that to use someone else's WiFi when it isn't publicly available is actually stealing and completely unethical.


text:
Chemical Composition of the Edible Oyster Shell Crassostrea Madrasensis (Preston 1916)
Ajith Thomas John
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, St.Albert's College, Ernakulam District, Kerala State, India
Ajith Thomas John, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, St.Albert's College, Ernakulam District, Kerala State, India
John, A.T., et al. Chemical Composition of the Edible Oyster Shell Crassostrea Madrasensis (Preston 1916) (2016) J Marine Biol Aquacult 2(2): 1- 4.
© 2016 John, A.T. This is an Open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Oysters coming under the Genus, Crassostrea and Saccostrea are observed along the Indian coasts. Among them four species are considered economically important including Crassostrea madrasensis[1], Crassostrea gryphoides (Schlothein 1813), Crassostrea rivularis (Gould, 1850) and Saccostrea cucullata (Born, 1890). Crassostrea madrasensis, the dominant among them has been selected for this study. The procedure of analysis of the samples was based on AOAC 2005 standards. Flame Photometry, ICP and CHNS analysis was used to find out the precise values for Ca and Na; Sr and Mg; and C and S respectively in the shell of Crassostrea madrasensis. Calcium as calcium oxide was observed as the largest constituent at 47.49% closely followed by total Carbon at 43.87%. The remaining elements Sodium as sodium oxide at 1.119%, Magnesium as magnesium oxide at 0.619%, Sulfur as sulfur dioxide at 0.403%, Strontium as strontium oxide at 0.020% and water as moisture exist only in negligible percentages. The utilization of oyster shell relates to the chemical constituents which contribute more than 90% of the shell. In Crassostrea madrasensis, these elements have been identified as Calcium and Carbon and have been quantified as contributing on an average 91.36% by weight of the shell in this study. These can effectively be used in the pharmaceutical, fertilizer, lime, cement and poultry feed industries.