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Patrick McAlvey On Coming Out As Ex-Ex-Gay
Wayne Besen February 23, 2010
By Patrick McAlvey
Prior to August 2009 I had probably told the story of my experience with ex-gay therapy to a total of 50 people. When it came up with friends I would share some of the details of how Mike Jones, an ex-gay "therapist" in Lansing, MI had robbed me of years of self-esteem and confidence with his lies and predatory practices. It wasn't something I was overly eager to bring up — it' not necessarily polite, feel-good conversation and I felt more than a bit embarrassed I had fallen for the ex-gay lies in the first place.
Since going public with my story last summer with the help of Truth Wins Out, things have changed. Thousands of people have now seen the video in which I tell my story and the man who performed my "therapy" has seen his Board of Directors dissolve and Exodus International remove their affiliation.
In early February I had the opportunity to travel to Des Moines, Iowa and share my story with over 100 strangers — including a State Senator sitting front-and-center. A group called First Friday Breakfast Club invited me to Des Moines to speak at their monthly meeting. As part of the trip I also spoke with 25 students at Iowa State University at an event hosted by the LGBTA Alliance and the Office of LGBT Student Services.
I was overwhelmed with the support and kindness with which I was received at both events. But I was also shocked at the number of people who were unaware the ex-gay industry is still alive and actively victimizing the most vulnerable members of the LGBT community. Since sharing my story publicly it has become evident that many people, including many LGBT folks, aren't aware of the activity and dangers of the ex-gay industry.
It is more important than ever the LGBT community at-large understands the real threat the ex-gay industry represents to all of us. The US ex-gay industry' connection to the Ugandan "Kill the Gays Bill" is a stark example of the danger these groups represent. They use the "fact" that sexual orientation can and should be changed to deny basic rights and to actively discriminate against LGBT folks.
In addition the ex-gay industry spreads false and defamatory lies that all gay men are addicted to drugs, alcohol and random sex and that it is impossible to be gay and happy and/or gay and religious. This is what I was led to believe and these false characterizations certainly perpetuate homophobia and discrimination experienced by gay men in particular.
And most obviously, the ex-gay industry continues to rob vulnerable and scared people of their dignity, self-esteem and identity. While in Iowa I got to meet several other survivors of ex-gay therapy and was touched to hear their stories. It was inspiring to meet other survivors who are also finding healing and strength by sharing their experiences and fighting to prevent others from similar abuses. I'm glad to be healing and fighting beside them.
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Alan Chambersconsumer fraudex-gayExodus InternationalMike JonesPatrick McAlveyRandy Thomas
Wayne Besen is the Founding Executive Director of Truth Wins Out and author of "Anything But Straight: Unmasking the Scandals and Lies Behind the Ex-Gay Myth" (Haworth, 2003). In 2010, Besen was awarded the "Visionary Award" at the Out Music Awards for organizing the American Prayer Hour, an event which shined a spotlight on the role American evangelicals played in the introduction of Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Bill.


This is a preview of After Lambana. The comic will be released this KOMIKON 2016 at Bayanihan Center, Pioneer, Pasig on November 19-20, 2016. It will be available in bookstores Nationwide shortly after that.


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Vietnam Breaks Ground on $179m National Road Expansion
cmsadmin 17 August 2009
Vietnam has broken ground on the $179m expansion of National Road 51 connecting Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces with Cai Mep-Thi Vai and Ben Dinh-Sao Mai port complexes.
The expansion is expected to ease the flow of goods in the southern region by directing freight flow into Cai Mep-Thi Vai port complex.
The 72.7km-long road will be widened to a 39m six-lane road. The expansion of 16 bridges and the construction of 13 new bridges and 12 crossovers at crowded residential areas will also be included in the project.
Bien Hoa-Vung Tau Expressway Corporation (BVEC), a joint venture between Vietnam Urban and Housing Development Joint Stock Corporation, Song Da Corporation and BIDV is carrying out the expansion.
Work is expected to complete by 2012.
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Histories of Art
Overview of Prehistoric
Overview of Africa
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Overview of Medieval Europe + Byzantium
Christianity and art
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Overview of the Islamic World
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Overview of Europe 1300 – 1800
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Northen Europe: 16th century
Spain: 15th and 16th century
Reformation and Counter-Reformation
Baroque: 17th century
Rococo: early to mid 18th century
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British: 18th century
Overview of Europe: 19th century
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Overview of Oceania
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Overview of Modernisms 1900 – 1980
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AP® Art History (vol. 1) – nos. 1 – 47
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A brief history of the cultures of Asia
Hinduism and Buddhism, a beginner's guide
Hinduism and Buddhism, an introduction
Beliefs made visible: Hindu art in South Asia
Introduction to Buddhism
Beliefs made visible: Buddhist art in South Asia
The historical Buddha
The stupa
Buddhist monasteries
Images of enlightenment: aniconic vs. iconic depictions of the Buddha in India
Jatakas: the many lives of Buddha as Bodhisattva
Seated Buddha
Four Buddhas at the American Museum of Natural History
A beginner's guide
Imperial China, an introduction
Chinese landscape painting
Chinese porcelain: decoration
Chinese porcelain: production and export
Chinese jade: an introduction
Jade Cong
Working jade
Shang dynasty (c.1600-1046 B.C.E.)
Oracle Bone, Shang Dynasty
Western Zhou dynasty (1046–771 B.C.E.)
Da Ke Ding
Han dynasty (206 B.C.E. -220 C.E.)
Funeral banner of Lady Dai (Xin Zhui)
Northern Wei dynasty (386-534 C.E.)
Longmen caves, Luoyang
Northern Qi dynasty (550-577)
Bodhisattva, probably Avalokiteshvara (Guanyin)
Tang dynasty (618-907)
Chinese Buddhist cave shrines
Mogao caves at Dunhuang
The paintings and manuscripts from cave 17 at Mogao (1 of 2)
Attributed to Zhou Fang, Ladies Wearing Flowers in Their Hair
Song dynasty (960-1279)
Neo-Confucianism and Fan Kuan, Travelers by Streams and Mountains
Master of the (Fishing) Nets Garden
Liang Kai, Poet Strolling by a Marshy Bank
Yuan dynasty (1271-1368)
Zheng Sixiao, Ink Orchid
Buddha of Medicine Bhaishajyaguru (Yaoshi fo)
Huang Gongwang, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains
The David Vases
Ming dynasty (1368–1644)
A Ritual Ming dish
The Forbidden City
Qing dynasty (1644-1912)
Bada Shanren, Lotus and Ducks
The European Palaces of the Qianlong Emperor, Beijing
People's Republic of China (1949–present)
Liu Chunhua, Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan
Ai Weiwei, Kui Hua Zi (Sunflower Seeds)
Ai Weiwei, Remembering and the Politics of Dissent
A brief history of the arts of Japan: the Jomon to Heian periods
A brief history of the arts of Japan: the Kamakura to Azuchi-Momoyama periods
A brief history of the arts of Japan: the Edo period
A brief history of the arts of Japan: the Meiji to Reiwa periods
Japanese art: the formats of two-dimensional works
Kofun period (300-552 C.E.)
Haniwa Warrior
Nara period (710-794)
Tōdai-ji
The Shōsōin Repository and its treasure
Kamakura period (1185-1333)
Jizō Bosatsu
Prince Shōtoku at Age Two
Night Attack on the Sanjô Palace
Muromachi period (1392-1573)
Bamboo in the Four Seasons: painting and poetry in Japan
Ryōanji (Peaceful Dragon Temple)
Muromachi to Momoyama period Negoro ware ewer
Edo period (1615-1868)
Ogata Kōrin, Red and White Plum Blossoms
Utagawa Kunisada I, Visiting Komachi
Under the Wave off Kanagawa (The Great Wave)
Beyond The Great Wave — Hokusai at 90
Mori Mariko, Pure Land
Gold and jade crown, Silla Kingdom
Water-Moon Avalokiteśvara
Portrait of Sin Sukju
Song Su-Nam, Summer Trees
A brief history of the art of South Asia: Prehistory – c. 500 C.E.
Ganesha Jayanti, Lord of Beginnings
Varanasi: sacred city
Magadha dynasties
The Pillars of Ashoka
Lion Capital, Ashokan Pillar at Sarnath
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Shore Temple, Mamallapuram
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Sacred space and symbolic form at Lakshmana Temple, Khajuraho (India)
Chola dynasty
Queen Sembiyan Mahadevi as the Goddess Parvati
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Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan of Mysore
Tipu's Tiger
Crossroads of the ancient world
Dado Panel, Courtyard of the Royal Palace of Mas'ud III
The Looting of Cambodian Antiquities
The Scourge of Looting: Trafficking Antiquities, from Temple to Museum
Sotheby's Returns Looted 10th Century Statue to Cambodia
Ban Chiang Clay Jar
Jowo Rinpoche, Jokhang Temple, Tibet
Sacred arts of Tibet
by The British Museum
Large underglaze-painted jar, 14th century, Ming dynasty, Hongwu period, Jingdezhen, 67.2 cm tall, Jiangxi province, southern China © Trustees of the British Museum
Chinese porcelain decoration: underglaze blue and red
Though Chinese potters developed underglaze red decoration during the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368 C.E.), pottery decorated in underglaze blue was produced in far greater quantities, due to the high demand from Asia and the Islamic countries of the Near and Middle East. Painting with underglaze red was more difficult than underglaze blue: the copper oxide used as the coloring agent was harder to control than the cobalt that was used for the underglaze blue. The firing left parts of the red areas grey, as on this large jar (above).
The first emperor of the Ming dynasty, which was to rule China for the next 300 years, was the general Zhu Yuanzhang (reigned 1368-98), whose title was Hongwu. He overthrew the Yuan dynasty, whose rulers had been foreigners (Mongols). He was determined to re-establish the dominance of Chinese style at court, and blue-and-white porcelain was produced in designs following Chinese rather than Islamic taste. Similar pieces were executed with underglaze red for use by the emperor.
Hongwu banned foreign trade several times, though this was never fully effective. The import of cobalt was disrupted, however, which resulted in a drop in the production of blue-and-white porcelain. For a short time at the end of the fourteenth century, more wares were decorated with underglaze red than underglaze blue.
Blue-and-white porcelain
The earliest blue-and-white ware found to date are temple vases inscribed 1351. These display a competence which indicate that the underglaze-painting technique was well-established by that time, probably originating in the second quarter of the fourteenth century. Cobalt blue was imported from Iran, probably in cake form. It was ground into a pigment, which was painted directly onto the leather-hard porcelain body. The piece was then glazed and fired. "Blue-and-white" porcelain was used in temples and occasionally in burials within China, but most of the products of the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) appear to have been exported.
Trade remained an essential part of blue-and-white porcelain production in the Ming and Qing dynasties (1644-1911). Europe, Japan and South-east Asia were important export markets. Vessels, with numerous bands of decoration, were painted with Chinese motifs, such as dragons, waves and floral scrolls. The potters of Jingdezhen also produced wares to satisfy the demands of the Middle Eastern market. Large dishes were densely decorated with geometric patterns inspired by Islamic metalwork or architectural decoration.
Blue-and-white porcelain was particularly admired by the Imperial court, and it is interesting to trace the shapes and motifs preferred by different emperors, many of whom ordered huge quantities of porcelain from the imperial kilns at Jingdezhen.
Blue-and-white porcelain jug, early 15th century, Ming dynasty, Jingdezhen, 14 cm tall, Jiangxi province, southern China © Trustees of the British Museum. The jug probably had a lid, which has been lost.
The blue-and-white wares of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries often took their shapes from Islamic metalwork. The globular body, tall cylindrical neck and dragon handle of this jug all imitate contemporary metalwork of Timurid Persia. The crowded decoration of this jug is a feature of early blue-and-white porcelain that continued into the early part of the Ming dynasty. It is very different to the generally more subtle character of Chinese ornament. The motifs used in decorating the jug, however, are still distinctly Chinese, notably the breaking waves on the neck and floral scroll on the body.
Overglaze enamels
The term "overglaze enamels" is used to describe enamel decoration on the surface of a glaze which has already been fired. Once painted, the piece would be fired a second time, usually at a lower temperature.
The first use of overglaze enameling is found on the slip-covered wares of northern China. This was an innovation of the Jin dynasty (1115-1234), with documented pieces as early as 1201. These were utilitarian wares, not for imperial use. Under the emperors of the Ming (1368-1644) and the Qing (1644-1911) dynasty, the various techniques of overglaze enameling reached their heights at the manufacturing centre in Jingdezhen.
Doucai vase, c. 1723-35, Qing dynasty, Yongzheng period, Jingdezhen 9.5 x 6.8 cm, Jiangxi province, southern China © Trustees of the British Museum
The most highly prized technique is known as doucai ("joined" or "contrasted" colors), first produced under the Ming emperor Xuande (1426-35), but more usually associated with Chenghua (1465-87). Cobalt was used under the glaze to paint the outlines and areas of blue wash needed in the design. The piece was then glazed and fired at a high temperature. Overglaze colors were painted on to fill in the design. The piece was then fired again at a lower temperature. The vase above, which dates to the reign of Emperor Yongzheng (C.E. 1723-35), is a very good example of the technical perfection in later doucai wares. The main design comprises green, yellow and mauve dragon medallions. The dragons are five-clawed, whose use was restricted to the emperor. Auspicious Buddhist emblems decorate the shoulder of the vase.
New colors (including pink!)
There were also important developments under the Qing dynasty. Famille rose (pink), jaune (yellow), noire (black) and verte (green) were overglaze enamel-decorated porcelains made from the Kangxi period (1662-1722) and later.
Famille rose butterfly bowl, from Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, southern China, Qing dynasty, Yongzheng period (1723-35), © Trustees of the British Museum
Accordingly to Chinese tradition, butterflies are an auspicious sign. They convey a wish for longevity, and were therefore often used to decorate birthday gifts or lanterns given during the Autumn Moon Festival: on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar (usually around September). The Festival is celebrated by lighting lanterns of different shapes, sizes and colors, and by gazing at the moon. The bowl above, made at the imperial kilns at Jingdezhen, may have been presented by the emperor to a family member or worthy subject on such an occasion.
The bowl is decorated in famille rose overglaze enamels. This technique was perfected under the Yongzheng emperor (reigned 1723-35) and is considered the last major technological breakthrough at the Jingdezhen kilns. The great innovation was the production of the distinctive pink enamel from which the wares take their name. The pink color was provided by adding a very small amount of gold to red pigment. The resulting color was opaque, as were the other famille rose enamels, and so could be mixed to create a wider range of colors than had been possible before.
Suggested readings:
S.J. Vainker, Chinese pottery and porcelain: From Prehistory to the Present (London, The British Museum Press, 1991).
Regina Krahl and Jessica Harrison-Hall, Chinese Ceramics: Highlights of the Sir Percival David Collection (British Museum Press, 2009).
© Trustees of the British Museum
Cite this page as: The British Museum, "Chinese porcelain: decoration," in Smarthistory, February 28, 2017, accessed January 21, 2020, https://smarthistory.org/chinese-porcelain-decoration/.
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New 2019 Ford Ranger Raptor: UK prices and specs revealed
Rugged and rapid Ford Ranger Raptor arrives in the UK this summer
The new Ford Ranger Raptor has been revealed at the 2019 Commercial Vehicle Show in Birmingham this week. The new model is the flagship of the revised Ranger line-up, and has been developed by Ford Performance to deliver better off-road ability than the standard Ranger delivers.
Ford's range-topping pick-up truck is on sale now with deliveries beginning in the summer, with the performance-focused Ranger Raptor priced from £39,985 before VAT.
• New Ford Ranger Raptor review
Powered by a 210bhp 2.0-litre EcoBlue diesel engine with 500Nm of torque, Ford hopes the Raptor will boost the pick-up's prowess both on and off-road. The engine drives the pick-up through the same ten-speed automatic gearbox as the US-spec F-150 Raptor. To ensure optimum performance in any conditions, drivers have six different modes – two for on-road use, and four for off-road driving.
Buoyed by the global reaction to the F-150 Raptor, Ford of Britain had been lobbying hard for the smaller Ranger Raptor to be sold on these shores. The Ranger is already the best-selling pick-up in the UK, so a performance version would appear to be a natural fit.
British buyers get plenty of standard equipment for the £40,000 price tag. Alongside the Raptor's agressive visual transformation, buyers get all of the usual pick-up truck necessities, power points, and locking points, plus plenty of safety and driver assistance tech. Lane keep assist, traffic sign recognition, a rear view camera, and a collision mitigation system are all standard, as are leather seats and Ford's SYNC 3 infotainment broadcast through an eight-inch touchscreen.
We've already driven the Ford Ranger Raptor in one of the truck's biggest markets. It showed incredible talent when we subjected it to the tough Australian outback, suggesting performance in the UK should be more than adequate.
On the outside, the Ranger Raptor is marked out by a new grille, extra ground clearance and LED fog lamps in the front bumper. Those bumpers have to be flared so that they can accommodate the larger wheels, which are mounted on long-travel suspension.
As the vehicle is intended to go a very long way off the beaten track, the front bumpers are made of composite materials that are better able to withstand the expected dents and dings. The side steps are made from a tough aluminium alloy and include holes to drain sand, mud and snow.
• Watch the Ford F-150 Raptor in action
Inside the rough and tough theme continues, with unique seats that are designed to give greater support at high speeds off-road, and they include suede sections to hold occupants in place. There's even a red stripe on the steering wheel to show which way the wheel is pointing.
Naturally, the Raptor's chassis has been considerably upgraded to cope with the demands of high-speed use off-road. So, not only is the frame tougher and stiffer, but the brakes have been upgraded, too. The race-bred suspension has been set up to tackle undulating off-road terrain at speed, as well as giving a comfortable ride on-road.
There's also a unique 'bash plate' underneath, while the tyres have been specially developed, with tough sidewalls and a special tread pattern designed to give grip in mud, snow and sand. Even the standard sat-nav gets the off-road bug, with a 'breadcrumb' feature that allows drivers to lay a trail and retrace their steps in unfamiliar terrain.
This is all part of the standard SYNC 3 infotainment system, while the Raptor is also packed with driver-assistance technology – such as Electronic Stability Control, Trailer Sway Control and a rear-view camera – to make everyday life easier.
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Second report: Ford Ranger pick-up is proving its worth day to day and as a track-day support vehicle
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The award-winning Ranger pick-up is great for work and play, but rivals may be cheaper to run


University College London Hospitals Charity: Help us to support T11 North Fun Fund!!!!
Help us to support T11 North Fun Fund!!!!
T11 North is the paediatric oncology inpatients ward at University College London Hospital. It delivers treatment for children affected by cancer and aged from 0 up to 12 years old. We specialise in treating cancers of the bone such as Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, cancers of the brain such as Medulloblastoma, DIPG and Glioblastoma, Neuroblastoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma. All these types of cancers require very intense treatment, which is often a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical intervention. In most cases, children suffer debilitating side effects and in the case of bone cancer children can face life changing surgical interventions such as limb amputation. We are also one of the few hospitals in the country to offer radioactive treatment (MIBG) . This type of treatment takes place in highly isolated lead covered rooms where children have to remain in complete isolation due to high radioactivity levels involved in the treatment.
Children during cancer treatment experience a feeling of isolation. In a matter of days post diagnosis they find themselves stuck in a hospital room, sometimes really far away from home and having to undergo painful and traumatic medical treatment. They miss their siblings, relatives, friends and school mates. Activities that promote socialisation and distraction therefore become absolutely essential to our children's wellbeing during treatment. The ward has an activity timetable that changes every week and which includes activities such as cooking, messy play, pizza night, movie night, games afternoon, breakfast club, beading club, storytelling and smoothie making, just to mention a few. Parties are also very popular on the ward and the children really look forward to them and greatly enjoy participating in the planning and organisation process. We organise parties for all sorts of special occasions, but the most important and significant of all are the end of treatment parties. Each patient receives an end of treatment party when they finish their very last dose of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Each party is completely personalised and tailored to the patient and each child has the freedom to decide what food they'd like to have, what kind of entertainment, decorations, music and of course gifts and presents. Family and friends from outside the hospital can also attend, as well as nurses and doctors. It is a real celebration to mark the end of a very long, difficult and unfortunately often traumatic journey. Looking forward to their end of treatment party is very often a great source of motivation, comfort and hope for our patients.
All of these play and recreation activities are so vital for our patients because they allow children to interact with others, to make friends, to share their experiences, to talk about their feelings and emotions and to even share a laugh. They support and encourage self-confidence and they give our patients a precious break and distraction from their very invasive and traumatic medical treatment.
Unfortunately our ward at present does not receive any money or budget to support play and social activities. Especially in the last few months, it has become more and more difficult to be able to access any source of funding and we have been forced to make cuts and to stop some of these beloved activities.
In an attempt to be able to raise funds to support play and recreation on the ward, we have created a charitable fund which our children have decided to call the "T11 North Fun Fund". This fund is completely and solely utilised to fund play resources and recreation activities for our cancer patients who are receiving lifesaving cancer treatment on our ward. The money donated on the fund is used to purchase arts and crafts resources, play equipment, sensory resources and to fund social and recreational activities, parties and tickets to trips and days out for our patients.
All children have the right to play and to still be able to smile and have fun, even more so when stuck in hospital receiving life changing medical treatment. With your help we can keep our children smiling!
We hope this helps support the great service and facilities you provide to many deserving children and their families.
Something to help you keep up your great work.


Deadly Detour - #8353 | Ron Hutchcraft Ministries, Inc.
I'm Ron Hutchcraft and I want to have A Word With You about "Deadly Detour."
I almost messed up the beginning of a new life - all because I went in the wrong direction. That's easy to do with what the Bible calls being "born again." If you belong to Jesus, I've got to believe you know folks who don't, and that you want them to be in heaven with you. That can only happen if they're born into God's family by putting their trust in Jesus Christ and what He did on the cross for them.
But that rebirth can be aborted if you go the wrong direction in sharing Christ with someone. See, there's a detour on the road to Jesus and you've got to avoid that detour at all costs. I call it the trap - one that is so easy to fall into when you're having a spiritual conversation. I'll tell you, when Jesus was talking with the Samaritan woman at the well, she tried to deflect Jesus' claim on her life by using the trap.
In John 4, beginning with verse 20, she tries to get Jesus to start down that deadly detour. Here's what it is - talking religion. She said, "Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, but you Jews claim that the place where we must worship is in Jerusalem." In other words, "Jesus, the issue is we have different religions. Yours is good for you; mine is good for me." Sound familiar? Jesus won't go there. In verse 24, He says, "God is a spirit, and His worshipers must worship in spirit and in truth." In other words, "This isn't about what religion you are, Ma'am. It's about your relationship with God." Then Jesus introduces Himself as the looked-for Messiah. Jesus makes Himself the issue, and He still is.
There's just too much at stake for you to allow yourself to fall into the trap of talking religion with someone who needs Jesus. The issue really has nothing to do with religion. It's whether or not you've had your sins forgiven so you can have a relationship with God. It's really all about Jesus and all about his cross.
Paul said that in 1 Corinthians 2:2 when he said, "I resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and Him crucified." It's not about your religion. It's not about your religious rules. It's not about your rituals. It's not about Christianity. It's not about Christians. It's not about attacking their lifestyle. It's all about Jesus. So stick to Jesus. Keep bringing it back to Jesus; bring them back to His cross.
Your mission is clear. To take a person that you care about by the hand and lead them up Skull Hill to the foot of an old rugged cross, and point to the Son of God dying for them, and say, "Man, this is how much He loves you." Any other direction is the wrong direction-one that leads away from the Jesus that they need. So, take them straight to Him.


This is beautiful -- and wise. Wishing you and your dad the best. And Bud, of course.
People have the ability to surprise us at the most surprising times. I'm glad that Bud and your dad are able to connect. I am so, so sorry that your family has to go through this. I'm sending a lot of love your way.
Good for you, for seeing the wisdom displayed before your very eyes.
tears are streaming over here. love you, my friend.
I love your eyes which constantly see the heart of the matter. Love & prayers your way!
I am in awe. And in tears. The relationship they have is beyond special. It's unique. A gift.
There is something so incredible about that love on such a cellular level. Just them. No pretenses. Just Bud and his grandpa.
These will be the moments you will remember forever. Let them take over and help ease your pain.
James reminds me of my grandpa so much during this time in his life. When my grandpa was in the last and final nursing home he would always hug my oldest son Carter and say "buddy buddy buddy.." Your words make me thankful everyday!
Mary, What I love about these posts is that in them, you do what the best writers do. Though your situation is very specific, the sense you make of it applies to us all. On a more personal note, wish I'd known all this was happening. I would have been in your office in a flash.
What a hard thing for you, but what a beautiful connection your son and your father have.
The best teachers are the best learners. You are both, and you honor the teachers of Bud and your dad, by listening and learning. Many could miss that opportunity, but you are extraordinary and the opportunity is not lost. You are not lost but, again, finding a new way.
Thank you for sharing this story. Having cared for both of my parents at the end of their lives, while at the same time adjusting to my son's autism diagnosis, I can really relate to what you have written.
Those quiet moments, entirely in the present, that I spend with my son can sometimes feel like the sanest, most restorative moments of my day.
This brought tears to my eyes this morning. Sending many good thoughts and prayers your way.
Tears, my sisterfriend. I will be back to read this again and again. My friend Carrie calls it 'holding space' - the simple act of being there for another human being that is the greatest gift we have.
Hopefully things will get better for you. Hugs!
My word verifications is equal...how ironic!
A beautiful bond, I'm so glad you are recording it. Love to you.
It sounds like the connection between Bud and your dad is quite a blessing and a gift - for everyone. I'm sorry about your dad's injury and I hope he heals quickly. Much love to you and your family during what must be a trying time.
Thank you so much for this beautiful post. I'm sorry for your family's difficult time, and I hope things get better for you all soon. You might not feel like it right now, but your strength and spirit constantly shine through every word you write. I'm glad you have Bud and your dad to shine back at you. Even though I only know you and Bud through what I've read here, and you don't know me at all, I'm here rooting for you. You will get through this.
Yes, your wisdom shines through your writing. May all go well with you, your dad and Bud!
. Stop focusing on who he was and on who you want him to be. See who he IS. Love who he is. Stop thinking and trying and pushing and planning and doing - and just BE with him. Be present to him. Just be there.
Brillant. Thank you for this reminder, its so easy for me to worry about the future. Love who he is, I must remember.


And again, Raf Simons left the audience at Jil Sander breathless, this time after presenting his spring 2012 collection. It was minimalist indeed, with the white cotton shirt as the centerpiece and starting point of the collection. Pure and simple. Other elements of the collection was marriage and women at beauty salons. The silhouette was gracefoul and lean, with mid-calf skirts and sleeveless tops. The show opened and closed with white dreses, the first strict and elegant with a sensual undertone, the last romantic and clean. In between there were suits and skirts and jackets and tops in paisley-print and gingham, sometimes with a transparant layer. Knitwear was based on Picasso's ceramics.
Overall the collection had a cinematic feel and a Fifties vibe.


If you are worried that your class schedule might not coincide with work, other classes, etc. take a look at the link below and begin planning ahead.
Now students can be one step ahead by having a preview of how their classes might look like for the following year. The potential schedule for the next few semesters is available for student's convenience. This schedule is a simple look into which classes are normally offered in the diesel program each semester.
Please note that this course schedule is subject to change depending on District and Department needs & enrollment.


Cathedral Heights: Do You Know Where That Is?
Unlike its neighbors to the north and east, Cathedral Heights isn't known as a place with a tight sense of community or identity. Chat with folks on the street and they can't even seem to agree on a name for the neighborhood. But the slender area that lies just west of the National Cathedral does share one of the key benefits offered by surrounding neighborhoods: a peaceful sense of remove from the hustle and bustle of downtown Washington.
Determining Cathedral Heights' boundaries is tricky, as the neighborhood lacks a citizens' association and many residents seem unsure of exactly where its borders begin and end. Some call it Cathedral, others swear it's part of Woodley Park.
But the community, which is sandwiched between Glover Park and Tenleytown, can be best defined as lying between Fulton Street to the south, Wisconsin Avenue to the east, Rodman Street to the north, and roughly Glover Archbold Park (an arm of Rock Creek Park) to the west.
Unlike Tenleytown or Cleveland Park, where the streets are lined with tightly packed row houses and detached single-family homes, much of Cathedral Heights' housing stock is in the form of large, older apartment, condo and co-op complexes that sit on swaths of green lawn, with names like the Westchester, the Warwick, and Idaho Terrace.
One-bedroom apartments rent for at least $1,500 a month, while two-bedroom units generally run more than $2,000. As for condos and co-ops, the $250,000 price tag for a one-bedroom listing or $350,000 asking price for a two-bedroom can look very attractive, but many of these units come with steep monthly fees. The buildings tend to be well-maintained, and many come equipped with various services and amenities, like tennis courts, pools and massive lobbies. The Westchester even has a little-known restaurant — the Westchester Dining Room — on the ground floor.
The area does have its share of row houses, duplexes, and a variety of detached homes in Colonial, craftsman, Tudor, or Cape Cod styles, some relatively small and quirky, others massive and impressive. All of them, though, are distinctly more expensive than the condos nearby. Most are priced at over $1 million, and finding a home that sells for less than $750,000 is a challenge.
Demand for homes in Cathedral Heights is robust, according to John Gerrety, a real estate agent who works in the area. "The neighborhood is well taken care of, and there's affluence," he explained, noting that single-family homes have remained stable in past years.
Its upper Northwest location, quality public and private schools, and quiet and safe reputation, not to mention the parks that dot the area, have made Cathedral Heights a popular neighborhood for families. Wander around the neighborhood on a weekday afternoon and there isn't much traffic, pedestrian or otherwise; most of the people out and about, are young mothers pushing strollers and the demographic is largely upper middle-class.
"There's everything here: doctors, lawyers, ambassadors, and a lot of CIA people," said Hakki Muslu, owner of the Westchester Dining Room, with a wink. But perhaps because there are so many renters in the neighborhood, there doesn't seem to be a cohesive sense of community throughout the area. "We used to live in Cleveland Park, and that has more of a neighborhood feel than this," Rebecca Faga, 33, who has lived in the area for two years, told UrbanTurf.
There are a growing number of options along Wisconsin Avenue, including the much-beloved 2 Amy's, Café Deluxe, Cactus Cantina (a rowdy fajitas-and-margaritas neighborhood haunt), and a Starbucks, though by many DC residents' assessment, that stretch is the western border of Cleveland Park, not Cathedral Heights.
"There's no Metro here—that's a big minus," said Mossap, pointing out that the closest station (on the Red line) is in Tenleytown, a 20-minute walk to the north. Buses run up and down Wisconsin Avenue, but those that go through the community are unreliable. "You could wait 30 minutes, or it might come right away. It's a big problem," explained Mossap.
In response, most residents own cars. Parking is relatively easy, and while the area isn't near any major highways. Massachusetts and Wisconsin avenues both lead out of the city, and Rock Creek Parkway and MacArthur Boulevard aren't too far away.
Cathedral Heights is an area that caters to those who don't plan on going out a lot and are seeking a quiet, residential atmosphere –and especially folks who may be raising a family. But if your idea of a good time is hanging out on the street with neighbors or walking a couple blocks to a local café or bar, it's probably not the best choice.
The article states: Buses run up and down Wisconsin Avenue, but those that go through the community are unreliable. "You could wait 30 minutes, or it might come right away. It's a big problem," explained Mossap. It varies because of rush hour and non-rush hour. Georgetown and other areas of Wisconsin Avenue represent a bottleneck for the buses to get through. I've used my smartphone Metro app and it's always readjusting during these times. Because of the affluence of this area, it has more buses and cleaner buses than any other route in DC. These people are truly blessed!
Ideally, I would like to see a Wisconsin Avenue streetcar that connects the metro sttaions at Friendship Heights and Tenley with the planned terminus of the Benning Road/K Street streetcar route in Georgetown. This would provide Cathedral Heights residents with more comfortable, reliable transit than the 30s buses. In the meantime, however, the 37 bus provides great connectivity for residents in the Cathedral Heights neighborhood. This is express bus service from Dupont to Tenley. The bus stops at Massachusetts and Garfield and then it continues to Dupont without any stops(http://www.wmata.com/bus/timetables/DC/37.pdf). All of the buses are clean and new and there is usually plenty of space on the 37 buses.


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I have a custom User Profile Property called Subscription.
Now, there is a requirement where I need to update the setting Allow users to edit values for this property using CSOM or JSOM. This would be updated on conditional basis.
Is there any reference code available to achieve this?
Unfortunately configuration of user profile properties in SharePoint cannot be performed using JSOM or CSOM. There's no remote APIs exposed for these capabilities, so they can only be modified using server side object model. This also means that only option to control those settings in SharePoint Online is by manually controlling them from the admin UIs.
There's following UserVoice entry to expose these kind of settings using remote APIs, but there's no commitment to provide this or any schedules - https://sharepoint.uservoice.com/forums/329220-sharepoint-dev-platform/suggestions/15146940-provide-the-ability-to-create-custom-user-profile. Not precisely the same business scenario, but exactly the same ask from API exposure perspective.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged csom custom jsom user-profile-property update or ask your own question.
Way to get MOSS User Profile custom property Choice List to dynamically update?
How can we save data into the User Profile custom property?


text:
What Prevent does and doesn't "prevent"
Sacha Marten
It's not just Islamists and the SWP who criticise the government's Prevent programme. In some ways, the targeting of Islamism is just a welcome bonus for the Conservatives, since the core point is to increase the government's ideological control over education and other areas where children are present.
Prevent was "revised" in 2011 along with the launch of two other projects, the promotion of "British Values" and the deputisation of teachers, social workers, healthcare workers and so on as immigration officials.
All three of these measures were part of an increasingly jingoistic tone forced
Living in an illiberal democracy
A reader reports from Hungary
One of the perks of living in Hungary is not having to ask your grandparents: "What was it like living in a one-party state?" — because you already know.
You see outrageous government propaganda everywhere. You see the posters of the crowds of refugees – excuse me: "migrants" — which would have you believe that they are out for Hungarian blood. You hear the endless droning speeches denouncing the treacherous liberals, and the sinister conspiracies trying to undermine Hungary.
You turn on the TV, switch to the right wing propaganda channel of your choice, and you
Convergence on the right
Cathy Nugent
″The right has changed; it has embraced the ideas of its outliers″, argues Dave Renton at the start of The New Authoritarians, Convergence on the Right. By embracing the outliers, Renton says, Trump and others have ″radicalised″ their conservative message.
At the same time Renton says, the left has failed to reassess the shape of the new right spectrum and have been weak on challenging its central ideas. The most important of these, for Renton, is its particular form of racism, how the ″right seeks to restrict welfare benefits to members of the [invented] national community, excluding migrants
Why we marched against Trump
On 3 and 4 June, Workers' Liberty and Solidarity people joined thousands in London protesting against Donald Trump's state visit. On 4 June we were part of an "against Trump, against Brexit" contingent, with Labour for a Socialist Europe and Another Europe is Possible.
Trump has stridently backed Brexit and boosted pro-Brexit right-wingers like Nigel Farage and Boris Johnson. Trump represents Brexit-type politics in the USA; Brexit represents Trump-type politics in Britain. It's the same broad trend also represented (with important variations) by Modi in India, Erdoğan in Turkey, Salvini in
A new humanist politics?
Matt Kinsella
Paul Mason's latest book, Clear Bright Future, is written as a defence of humanism and human-centred politics, against the resurgent threat of the far-right, from Trump to Bolsonaro, Le Pen to Salvini. The title is a reference to Leon Trotsky's testament. Mason entreats us to fight "all evil, oppression, and violence", and shares Trotsky's optimism for the future.
Mason draws a convincing link from the financial crash in 2007-08 to Trump's election. Mason emphasises how the monopolisation of information (think Google and Facebook) has led to systems outside our control, for example, of online
Galloway and Bannon
Rosalind Robson
George Galloway was recently ″papped″ by journalist Natalia Antelava, appearing to hug alt-right pundit Steve Bannon.
The photo was taken after both had spoken on a panel at the Eurasian Media Forum in Kazakhstan. Accepting Bannon′s friendly overture was just a matter of good manners, said Galloway afterwards. But in the panel debate Galloway and Bannon′s political worlds did align. Both praised a ″populist turn″ against globalisation. For Galloway it is a matter of trenchant support for a hardline or no-deal Brexit, leading him to cosy up to the likes of Nigel Farage. If you feel like
Trump, Banks, and Putin
Jim Denham
When the Mueller report found no evidence of "collusion" between Trump's team and Putin, most decent people (and not just "liberals") were disappointed, while pointing out that Trump had not been "exonerated" (as he claimed) of obstructing justice. Yet the Morning Star (in its editorial of March 26) positively crowed with delight and echoed Trump's own propaganda:
"After a two-year inquiry, Mueller can find no evidence of collusion between Trump's presidential campaign team and Putin's Russia
"For many liberals, it has become an article of faith that the Kremlin and its oligarchs must have
Women and the alt-right
Published on: Mon, 25/03/2019 - 10:47
The image (and to large extent the reality) of US alt-right/far right activist groups is that they are overwhelmingly populated by men. Indeed, these groups draw on certain themes associated with "toxic masculinity"; for example, extremely conservative views on gender and gender-defined social roles. The anti-feminist Men's Rights Movement has been a "gateway movement" for the alt-right.
It may come as a surprise that, according to the 2016 American National Election Survey (ANES), men are not more likely to have those core social feelings that underlie the current US far right (essentially,
Trump and the McCarthyites
Barrie Hardy
When faced with criticism it's common these days for right wing politicians to scream "McCarthyism". Trump regularly does this in angry and irrational tweets to ward off criminal charges arising from the Mueller investigation. The Trump strategy is to accuse his opponents of crimes he's culpable of himself and to establishing himself as a victim of political persecution. Such behaviour has spread across the far right like fish rotting from the head.
Bringing up the rear is the pound shop Breitbart that is spiked.online, which has screamed "McCarthyism" when people have dared criticise it
Bolsonaro sets out plans
Andressa Alegre
Many Brazilians — especially those who are (or care for the rights of) women, black people, LGBT folk, workers, or leftists — feared the coming of New Year's Day 2019, as far-right evangelical fundamentalist Jair Bolsonaro took power as president.
In his first speech as president, behind lines of armed police to intimidate the press, Bolsonaro promised to fight socialism, "gender ideology", and the colour red. His inauguration was boycotted by the Workers' Party (PT) and the Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL) in protest, but neither those parties nor any other group organised major


text:
Title: Basra
Subject: Al-Mina'a SC, Hasan of Basra, 2008 in Iraq, Shatt al-Arab, Alhazen
Collection: 636 Establishments, Amṣar, Basra, Cities in Iraq, District Capitals of Iraq, Fertile Crescent
Basrah/Iraq
Arabic: البصرة
Al Baṣrah
Basrah city
Nickname(s): Venice of the East[1]
Basrah Governorate
Mayor-council
Dr. Khelaf Abdul Samad
181 km2 (70 sq mi)
Population (2012)[2]
+3 GMT
http://www.basra.gov.iq/
Basra, also written Basrah (Arabic: البصرة; BGN: Al Başrah), is the capital of Basra Governorate, located on the Shatt al-Arab river in southern Iraq between Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of 1.5 million of 2012. [2] Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of Umm Qasr.
The city is part of the historic location of Sumer, the home of Sinbad the Sailor, and a proposed location of the Garden of Eden. It played an important role in early Islamic history and was built in 636 AD or 14 AH. It is Iraq's second largest and most populous city after Baghdad. Basra is consistently one of the hottest cities on the planet, with summer temperatures regularly exceeding 45 °C (113 °F).
Ancient times 2.1
Ottoman Empire 2.3
World Wars 2.4
Post 1945 2.5
1999: Second revolt 2.5.1
2003: Iraq War and occupation 2.5.2
Geography and climate 3
In religion 7
In fiction 8
Twin towns – Sister cities 9
Bibliography 12
The city was called by many names throughout its history, Basrah being the most common. In Arabic the word basrah means 'the overwatcher', which might have been an allusion to the city's origin as an Arab military base against the Sassanids. Some sources claim that the name is derived from the Persian word Bas-rah, which means "where many paths meet". Others have argued that the name is derived from the Aramaic word basratha, meaning 'place of huts' or 'settlement'.[3]
During the pre-Islamic era, the area was known to the Arabs as al-Khariba due to the existence of an ancient city called al-Kharba. After the present city was built, it was called by many names, including "the mother of Iraq", "the reservoir of Arabs", "the prosperous city", and "al-Faiha".
Ashar Creek and bazaar, ca.1915
Shanasheel of the old part of Basra city, 1954
The present city was founded in 636 as an encampment and garrison for Arab tribesmen constituting the armies of the Rashidun Caliph Umar a few kilometres south of the present city, where a tell still marks its site. While defeating the forces of the Sassanid Empire there, the Muslim commander Utbah ibn Ghazwan erected his camp on the site of an old Persian settlement called Vaheštābād Ardašīr, which was destroyed by the Arabs.[4] The name Al-Basrah, which in Arabic means "the over watching" or "the seeing everything", was given to it because of its role as a military base against the Sassanid Empire. However, other sources claim the name originates from the Persian word Bas-rāh or Bassorāh meaning "where many ways come together".[5]
In 639 Umar established this encampment as a city with five districts, and appointed Yazdegerd III, the Sassanid King of Kings.
In 656, Uthman was murdered and Ali was appointed Caliph. Ali first installed Uthman ibn Hanif as Basra's governor, who was followed by ʿAbdullah ibn ʿAbbas. These men held the city for Ali until the latter's death in 661.
The Sufyanids held Basra until Yazid I's death in 683. The Sufyanids' first governor was Umayyad ʿAbdullah, a renowned military leader, commanding fealty and financial demands from Karballah, but poor governor. In 664, Muʿawiyah replaced him with Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan, often called "ibn Abihi" ("son of his own father"), who became infamous for draconian rules of public order. On Ziyad's death in 673, his son ʿUbaydullah ibn Ziyad became governor. In 680, Yazid I ordered ʿUbaydullah to keep order in Kufa as a reaction to Hussein ibn Ali's popularity as the grandson of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. ʿUbaydullah took over the control of Kufa. Hussein sent his cousin as an ambassador to the people of Kufa, but ʿUbaydullah executed Hussein's cousin Muslim ibn Aqeel amid fears of an uprising. ʿUbaydullah amassed an army of thousands of soldiers and fought Hussein's army of approximately 70 in a place called Karbala near Kufa. ʿUbaydullah's army was victorious; Hussein and his followers were killed and their heads were sent to Yazid as proof.
Ibn al-Harith spent his year in office trying to put down Nafi' ibn al-Azraq's Kharijite uprising in Khuzestan. In 685, Ibn al-Zubayr, requiring a practical ruler, appointed Umar ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Ma'mar[6] Finally, Ibn al-Zubayr appointed his own brother Mus'ab. In 686, the revolutionary al-Mukhtar led an insurrection at Kufa, and put an end to ʿUbaydullah ibn Ziyad near Mosul. In 687, Musʿab defeated al-Mukhtar with the help of Kufans who Mukhtar exiled.[7]
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan reconquered Basra in 691, and Basra remained loyal to his governor al-Hajjaj during Ibn Ashʿath's mutiny 699–702. However, Basra did support the rebellion of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab against Yazid II during the 720s. In the 740s, Basra fell to as-Saffah of the Abbasid Caliphate.
During the time of the Abbasids Basra became an intellectual centre as it was the home city of the Arab polymath Ibn al-Haytham, the Arab literary giant al-Jahiz, and the Sufi mystic Rabia Basri. The Zanj Rebellion by the agricultural slaves of the lowlands affected the area. In 871, the Zanj sacked Basra.[8] In 923, the Qarmatians, an extremist Muslim sect, invaded and devastated Basra.[9] From 945 to 1055, a Buyid dynasty ruled Baghdad and most of Iraq. Abu al Qasim al-Baridis, who still controlled Basra and Wasit, were defeated and their lands taken by the Buyids in 947.
Sanad al-Dawla al-Habashi was governor of Basra and built a library of 15,000 books. Diya' al-Dawla was the Buyid ruler of Basra during the 980s. He was the son of 'Adud al-Dawla: see Samsam al-Dawla as there appears to have been a great deal of rivalry in the ad-Dawla group.
Basra at night
The Great Friday Mosque was constructed in Basra. In 1122, Imad ad-Din Zengi received Basra as a fief.[10] In 1126, Zengi suppressed a revolt and in 1129, Dabis looted the Basra state treasury. A 1200 map "on the eve of the Mongol invasions" shows the Abbasid Caliphate as ruling lower Iraq and, presumably, Basra. In 1258, the Mongols under Hulegu Khan sacked Baghdad and ended Abbasid rule. By some accounts, Basra capitulated to the Mongols to avoid a massacre. The Mamluk Bahri dynasty map (1250–1382) shows Basra as being under their area of control, and the Mongol Dominions map (1300–1405) shows Basra as being under their control.
In 1290[11] fighting erupted at the Persian Gulf port of Basra among the Genoese, between the Guelph and the Ghibelline factions. In 1327, Ibn Battuta visited Basra, which was in decline with the great mosque being 3 kilometres (2 mi) out of town. An Ilkhanid governor received him. In 1411, the Jalayirid leader was ousted from Basra by the Black Sheep Turkmen. In 1523, the Portuguese under the command of António Tenreiro crossed from Aleppo to Basra. By 1546, the Turks had reached Basra. In 1550, the Portuguese threatened Basra. In 1624, the Portuguese assisted Basra Pasha in repelling a Persian invasion. The Portuguese were granted a share of customs and freedom from tolls. From about 1625 until 1668, Basra and the Delta marshlands were in the hands of local chieftains independent of the Ottoman administration at Baghdad.
Arab girls, ca. 1917
Basra was, for a long time, a flourishing commercial and cultural centre. It was captured by the Ottoman Empire in 1668. It was fought over by Turks and Persians and was the scene of repeated attempts at resistance.
The Zand Dynasty under Karim Khan Zand briefly occupied Basra after a long siege in 1775-9. Zand introduced Shi'iah religious practices in Basra.[12]
In 1911, the Encyclopædia Britannica reported some Jews and a few Christians living in Basra, but no Turks other than Ottoman officials. In 1884 the Ottomans responded to local pressure from the Shi'as of the south by detaching the southern districts of the Baghdad vilayet and creating a new vilayet of Basra.
Turkish prisoners passing along the bank of Ashar Creek, nearing Whiteley's Bridge, Basra 1917.
After the
During World War II it was an important port through which flowed much of the equipment and supplies sent to Russia by the other allies. At the end of the Second World War, the population was some 93,000 people.
The University of Basrah was founded in 1964. By 1977, the population had risen to a peak population of some 1.5 million. The population declined during the Iran–Iraq War, being under 900,000 in the late 1980s, possibly reaching a low point of just over 400,000 during the worst of the war. The city was repeatedly shelled by Iran and was the site of many fierce battles, such as Operation Ramadan and Operation Karbala 5.
After the war, Saddam erected 99 memorial statues to Iraqi generals and commanders killed during the war along the bank of the Shatt-al-arab river, all pointing their fingers towards Iran.
After the first Persian Gulf War, which the US called Operation Desert Storm, in 1991, a rebellion struck Basra. The widespread revolt was against Saddam Hussein who violently put down the rebellion, with much death and destruction inflicted on Basra.
1999: Second revolt
On 25 January 1999, Basra was the scene of scores of civilian casualties when a missile fired by a US warplane was dropped in a civilian area. Eleven persons were killed and fifty-nine injured. General Anthony Zinni, then commander of US forces in the Persian Gulf, acknowledged that it was possible that "a missile may have been errant". While such casualty numbers pale in comparison to later events, the bombing occurred one day after Arab foreign ministers, meeting in Egypt, refused to condemn four days of air strikes against Iraq in December 1998. This was described by Iraqi information minister Human Abdel-Khaliq[13] as giving the United States and Britain "an Arab green card" to attack Iraq.[14]
A second revolt in 1999 led to mass executions in and around Basra. Subsequently the Iraqi government deliberately neglected the city, and much commerce was diverted to Umm Qasr. These alleged abuses are to feature amongst the charges against the former regime to be considered by the Iraq Special Tribunal set up by the Iraq Interim Government following the 2003 invasion.
Workers in Basra's oil industry have been involved in extensive organization and labour conflict. They held a two-day strike in August 2003, and formed the nucleus of the independent General Union of Oil Employees (GUOE) in June 2004. The union held a one-day strike in July 2005, and publicly opposes plans for privatizing the industry.
2003: Iraq War and occupation
In March through to May 2003, the outskirts of Basra were the scene of some of the heaviest fighting in the 2003 invasion of Iraq. British forces, led by the 7th Armoured Brigade, took the city on 6 April 2003. This city was the first stop for the United States and the United Kingdom during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
During the invasion, Claims that British forces took down the 99 memorial statues of deceased Iraqi officers erected after the end of the Iran-Iraq war are false as these statues were in fact taken down by locals for their scrap metal value.
On 21 April 2004, a series of bomb blasts ripped through the city, killing 74 people. The Multi-National Division (South-East), under British Command, is engaged in Security and Stabilization missions in Basra Governorate and surrounding areas. Political groups and their ideology which are strong in Basra are reported to have close links with political parties already in power in the Iraqi government, despite opposition from Iraqi Sunnis and the more secular Kurds. January 2005 elections saw several radical politicians gain office, supported by religious parties. American journalist Steven Vincent, who had been researching and reporting on corruption and militia activity in the city, was kidnapped and killed on 2 August 2005.
On 19 September 2005, two undercover British SAS soldiers disguised in Arab civilian clothes and headdresses opened fire on Iraqi police officers after having been stopped at a roadblock, killing at least one. After being arrested, the British Army raided the jail they were being held in to rescue them, killing several people from among their nominal allies – the Iraqi security forces.[15][16]
British troops transferred control of Basra province to the Iraqi authorities in 2007, four-and-a-half years after the invasion.[17] A BBC survey of local residents finds that 86% think the presence of British troops since 2003 has had an overall negative effect on the province.[18]
Abdul Jalil Khalaf was appointed Police Chief by the central government with the task of taking on the militias. He has been outspoken against the targeting of women by the militias.[19] Talking to the BBC, he said that his determination to tackle the militia has led to almost daily assassination attempts.[20] This has been taken as sign that he is serious in opposing the militias.[21]
In March 2008, the Iraqi Army launched a major offensive, code-named Saulat al-Fursan (Charge of the White Knights), aimed at forcing the Mahdi Army out of Basra. The assault was planned by Gen Mohan Furaiji and approved by Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki.[22]
In April 2008, following the failure to disarm militant groups, both Maj-Gen Abdul Jalil Khalaf and Gen Mohan Furaiji are removed from their positions in Basra.[23]
On 11 September 2008, during a routine tour of Basra, captain Rogers Johnson found up to 200 malnourished and disease-stricken Iraqi detainees locked in a secret prison in Basra. The commission's spokesman, Amer Thamer, stated that many of the detainees bore signs of torture. The prison is operated by the Defense Ministry, and none of the inmates have ever been tried or given access to legal assistance. Thamer said that the 200 prisoners only had access to one flooded and dirty latrine, and the commission has demanded the authorities shut down the prison immediately.
Basra was scheduled to host the 2014 Gulf Cup of Nations. The tournament would have been held in Basra Sports City. Basra Sports City is a newly built multi-use sports complex.
The tournament was shifted after concerns over preparations and security. Iraq was also due to host the 2013 tournament, but this was moved to Bahrain instead.
Basra is located on the Shatt-Al-Arab waterway, downstream of which is the Persian Gulf. The Shatt-Al-Arab and Basra waterways define the eastern and western borders of Basra, respectively. The city is penetrated by a complex network of canals and streams, vital for irrigation and other agricultural use. These canals were once used to transport goods and people throughout the city, but during the last two decades, pollution and a continuous drop in water levels have made river navigation impossible in the canals. Basra is roughly 110 km (68 mi) from the Persian Gulf.
Basra has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh), like the rest of the surrounding region, though it receives slightly more precipitation than inland locations due to its location near the coast. During the summer months, from June to August, Basra is consistently one of the hottest cities on the planet, with temperatures regularly exceeding 40 °C (104 °F) and approaching 45 °C (113 °F) in July. In winter Basra experiences mild weather with average high temperatures around 20 °C (68 °F). On some winter nights, minimum temperatures are below 0 °C (32 °F). High humidity – sometimes exceeding 90% – is common due to the proximity to the marshy Persian Gulf.
Climate data for Basra
(63.9) 20
Daily mean °C (°F)
Precipitation mm (inches)
(1.22) 21
(0.67) 5
(0.2) 0
(1.3) 152
Avg. rainy days
6 5 5 4 2 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 32
Mean daily sunshine hours
6 7 7 8 9 11 11 10 10 9 7 6 8.4
Source #1: Climate-Data.org[24]
Source #2: Weather2Travel for rainy days and sunshine[25]
A Chaldean Catholic Church in Basra.
In Basra the vast majority of the population are ethnic Arabs of the Adnanite or the Qahtanite tribes. The main tribes located in Basra are Al-Emarah, Bani Tamim, Bani Assad, Bani Ka'ab, Bani Malik, Shammar, Bani Khalid, Bani Sa'ad, Al-shwelat `Anizzah, Suwa'id, Al-bo Mohammed, Al-Jboor, Duwasir, Dhufair, Shreefat, Al-Badr, Al-Ubadi, Ruba'ah Sayyid tribes (descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammed) and hundreds of other Arab tribes.
In 2006, Muslim adherents were about 85% Shiite and 15% Sunni,.[26]
A small number of Assyrians live in Basra, a significant amount of which are refugees fleeing persecution from ISIS in the Nineveh Plains, Mosul, and northern Iraq. There are remnants of the pre-Islamic gnostic sect of Mandaeans, whose headquarters were in the area formerly called Suk esh-Sheikh, with a small community of 3000 people or less. Basra is also home to a minority of Afro-Iraqi peoples.
Shatt Al-Arab
Ali Bin Abi Talib mosque
Old Basrah
Canal in Basra 1913. Photo by Arne C Waern, Sweden
The old mosque of Basra, the first mosque in Islam outside the Arabian peninsula.
Sinbad Island is located in the center of Shatt Al-Arab, near the Miinaalmakl, and extends above the bridge Khaled and is a tourist landmark.
Sayab's House Ruins is the site of the most famous home of the poet Badr Shakir al-Sayyab. There is also a statue of Sayab, one of the statues in Basra done by the artist and sculptor nada' Kadhum, located on al-Basrah Corniche; it was unveiled in 1972.
Basra Sports City is the largest sport city in the Middle East, located on the Shatt al-Basra.
Palm tree forests are largely located on the shores of shatt-al Arab waterway, especially in the nearby village of Abu Al-Khasib.
Corniche al-Basra is a street which runs on the shore of the Shatt al-Arab; it goes from the Lion of Babylon Square to the Four Palaces.
Basra International Hotel (formally known as Basra Sheraton Hotel) is located on the Corniche street. The only five star hotel in the city, it is notable for its Shanasheel style exterior design. The hotel was heavily looted during the Iraq War, and it has been renovated recently.
Sayyed Ali al-Musawi Mosque, also known as the Mosque of the Children of Amer, is located in the city center, on Al-Gazear Street, and it was built for Shia Imami's leader Sayyed Ali al-Moussawi, whose followers lived in Iraq and neighboring countries.
The Fun City of Basrah, which is now called Basra Land, is one of the oldest theme-park entertainment cities in the south of the country, and the largest involving a large number of games giants. It was damaged during the war, and has been rebuilt.
Akhora Park is one of the city's older parks. It is located on al-Basra Street.
There are four formal presidential palaces in Basrah.
The Latin Church is located on the 14th of July Street.
Indian Market (Amogaiz) is one of the main bazaars in the city. It is called the Indian Market, since it had Indian vendors working there at the beginning of the last century.
Hanna-Sheikh Bazaar is an old market; it was established by the powerful and famous Hanna-Sheikh family.
Al Basrah Oil Terminal.
The city is located along the Shatt al-Arab waterway, 55 kilometers (34 mi) from the Persian Gulf and 545 kilometers (339 mi) from Baghdad, Iraq's capital and largest city. Its economy is largely dependent on the oil industry. Iraq has the world's 4th largest oil reserves estimated to be more 115 billion barrels (18.3×10^9 m3). Some of Iraq's largest oil fields are located in the province, and most of Iraq's oil exports leave from Al Basrah Oil Terminal. The South Oil Company has its headquarters in the city.
Substantial economic activity in Basrah is centered around the petrochemical industry, which includes the Southern Fertilizer Company and The State Company for Petrochemical Industries. The Southern Fertilizer Company produces ammonia solution, urea and nitrogen gas, while the SCPI focus on such products as ethylene, caustic/chlorine, vinyl chlorine monomer (VCM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), low-density polyethylene, and high-density polyethylene
Basra is in a fertile agricultural region, with major products including rice, maize corn, barley, pearl millet, wheat, dates, and livestock. For a long time, Basra was known for the superior quality of its dates.[27] Basra was known in the 1960s for its sugar market, a fact that figured heavily in the English contract law remoteness of damages case The Heron II [1969] 1 AC 350.
Shipping, logistics and transport are also major industries in Basra. Basra is home to all of Iraq's six ports; Umm Qasr is the main deep-water port with 22 platforms, some of which are dedicated to specific goods (such as sulfur, seeds, lubricant oil, etc.) The other five ports are smaller in scale and more narrowly specialized. Fishing was an important business before the oil boom. The city also has an international airport, with service into Baghdad with Iraqi Airways—the national airline.
Basra has the first mosque built in Iraq.
In Voltaire's Zadig "Bassora" is the site of an international market where the hero meets representatives of all the world religions and concludes that "the world is one large family which meets at Bassora".
The city of Basra has a major role in H.G. Wells's 1933 future history "The Shape of Things to Come", where the "Modern State" is at the center of a world state emerging after a collapse of civilization, and becomes in effect the capital of the world.
In the 1940 film The Thief of Bagdad, Ahmad and Abu flee to the city from Bagdad. Ahmad falls in love with the sultan's beautiful daughter, who is also desired by his enemy, and former Grand Vizier, Jaffar.
In Scott K. Andrews' "Operation Motherland", the second book in the post-apocalyptic "Afterblight Chronicles", the character Lee Keegan crash lands his plane in the streets of Basra during the opening chapter.
Twin towns – Sister cities
Nishapur, Iran
Baku, Azerbaijan[28]
List of places in Iraq
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Dua Kumayl
Basra Reed Warbler
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^ Sam Dagher (18 September 2007). "In the 'Venice of the East,' a history of diversity".
^ a b "Basra Governorate Profile". UN Joint Analysis Unit. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
^ Merchants, Mamluks, and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth ... - Thabit Abdullah - Google Boeken
^ according to Encyclopædia Iranica, E. Yarshater, Columbia University, p851
^ See Mohammadi Malayeri, M. Dil-i Iranshahr.
^ (Madelung p. 303-4)
^ (Brock p.66)
^ Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol.2, (Brill, 2002), 17. – via Questia (subscription required)
^ Andre Wink, Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Vol.2, 17. – via Questia (subscription required)
^ Penny Encyclopedia
^ Buscarello de Ghizolfi
^ Yitzhak Nakash, The Shi'is of Iraq (Princeton: University Press, 1994), p. 15
^ His proper name and position description appears to be in error, in that he appears to have held a more junior role at the time. Humam Abd al-Khaliq Abd al-Ghafur was Iraqi Information Minister between 1997 and 2001. The Iraqi Information Minister between 1991 and 1996 was Hamid Yusuf Hammadi. See List of Iraqi Information Ministers.
^ Paul Koring, "USAF air strikes kill 11, injure 59: Iraq". The Globe and Mail (Toronto), 26 January 1999: A8. These air strikes, by British and USAF warplanes and U.S. cruise missiles, were said to be in response to a release of a report by UN weapons inspectors stating that, as of 1998, the government of Iraq was obstructing their inspection work. Following the four days of bombing in December, the Iraqi government commenced challenging the "no fly zones" unilaterally imposed on the country by the United States, following the 1991 Persian Gulf war. During the month of January, 1999, there were more than 100 incursions by Iraqi aircraft and 20 instances of Iraqi surface-to-air missiles being filed. The January bombing of Basra occurred in the context of retaliatory attacks by the United States.
^ "'"UK soldiers 'freed from militia. BBC. 20 September 2005. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
^ "British smash jail walls to free 2 arrested soldiers". San Francisco Gate. 20 September 2005. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
^ "UK troops return Basra to Iraqis". BBC News. 16 December 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ "Basra residents blame UK troops". BBC News. 14 December 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ "Basra militants targeting women". BBC News. 15 November 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ "Basra: The Legacy". BBC News. 17 December 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ "Uncertainty follows Basra exit". BBC News. 15 December 2007. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ Glanz, James (27 March 2008). "Iraqi Army's Assault on Militias in Basra Stalls". New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 March 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
^ "Basra security leaders removed". BBC News. 16 April 2008. Retrieved 1 January 2010.
^ "Climate: Basra - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
^ "Basra Climate and Weather Averages, Iraq". Weather2Travel. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
^ Iraq - Basra Shi'a militias and British forces in the south | Barnabas - Christian persecution
^ Produced the finest dates known 1st paragraph. [1] retrieved 26 August 2007
^ "Twin-cities of Azerbaijan". Azerbaijans.com. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
Hallaq, Wael. The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law. Cambridge University Press, 2005
Hawting, Gerald R. The First Dynasty of Islam. Routledge. 2nd ed, 2000
Madelung, Wilferd. "Abd Allah b. al-Zubayr and the Mahdi" in the Journal of Near Eastern Studies 40. 1981. pp. 291–305.
Vincent, Stephen. Into The Red Zone: A Journey Into the Soul of Iraq. ISBN 1-890626-57-0.
Iraq Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit Reports, Maps and Assessments of Iraq's Governorates from the UN Inter-Agency Information & Analysis Unit
Iraq Image – Basra Satellite Observation
2003 Basra map (NIMA)
Boomtown Basra
Muhammad and the Spread of Islam by Sanderson Beck
The Qadariyya, Mu'tazila, and Shi'a
The Textual History of the Qur'an, Arthur Jeffery, 1946
Codex of Abu Musa al-Ashari, Arthur Jeffery, 1936
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Saving Justice
Truth, Transparency, and Trust
By: James Comey
Narrated by: James Comey
James Comey, former FBI Director and New York Times bestselling author of A Higher Loyalty, uses his long career in federal law enforcement to explore issues of justice and fairness in the US justice system.
James Comey might best be known as the FBI director that Donald Trump fired in 2017, but he's had a long, varied career in the law and justice system. He knows better than most just what a force for good the US justice system can be, and how far afield it has strayed during the Trump Presidency.
In his much-anticipated follow-up to A Higher Loyalty, Comey uses anecdotes and lessons from his career to show how the federal justice system works. From prosecuting mobsters as an Assistant US Attorney in the Southern District of New York in the 1980s to grappling with the legalities of anti-terrorism work as the Deputy Attorney General in the early 2000s to, of course, his tumultuous stint as FBI director beginning in 2013, Comey shows just how essential it is to pursue the primacy of truth for federal law enforcement.
Saving Justice is gracefully written and honestly told, a clarion call for a return to fairness and equity in the law.
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Audiobook details
Author James Comey
Narrator James Comey
Length 6 hours 56 minutes
Publisher Macmillan Audio
Publication date January 12, 2021
Genres Politics & Economy & Nonfiction
Libro.fm rank #26,190 Overall
Genre rank #1,710 in Politics & Economy


text:
Opera in four acts (eight tableaux)
Composer Giuseppe Verdi · Libretto by Salvatore Cammarano, finished by Leone Emanuele Bardare, after "El trovador" by Antonio García Gutiérrez
In Italian with German and English surtitles
Cast for all dates
Bayerisches Staatsorchester
Chorus and extra chorus of the Bayerische Staatsoper
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"If you travel to India and to Central Africa, you'll hear Trovatore." Nine years after the triumphant first performance, Verdi's opera had achieved the worldwide popularity that moved the composer to make this comment. The fabric of the opera could hardly be more gloomy: a gypsy who wishes to avenge the death of her mother at the stake, a count who wishes to use the execution of this gypsy to strike at his rival; a horrifying truth that is revealed at the moment of death. All the ingredients of Verdi's dramatic abundance appear here: mysterious sound worlds, harsh contrasts, vocal brilliance, opulent tableaux. The cohesive narrative style gives way to the variation of suggestive musical images with which Verdi served "the most important part of the drama": revenge.
Past History
Count di Luna, meanwhile deceased, had two sons. One day a gypsy was discovered standing beside the cradle of the younger son. When the child subsequently became ill, the woman was condemned to death at the stake for being a witch. The gypsy's daughter, Azucena, thereupon abducted Luna's younger son in order to burn him to death in the same place and thus take revenge for her mother's death. However she mistook her own son for the boy she had abducted. In his place she raised Luna's younger son as her own child and called him Manrico.
Civil war has broken out in Spain in connection with the crown of Aragon. Luna's elder son is now the Count di Luna and is fighting on the side of the king. Manrico has joined the rebels.
Part One: The Duel
Ferrando, a captain in Luna's army, tells the men in his service the story of the burning of the old gypsy and her daughter's act of revenge. He is convinced that the old woman's spirit is still haunting the earth.
Leonora is awaiting the arrival of her favourite suitor, the troubadour Manrico. She tells Ines how she met him at a tournament. Count di Luna, who is also in love with Leonora, declares his love. When Manrico's voice is heard and Leonora hurries to meet him, she finds Luna, whom she has mistaken for Manrico in the darkness. Manrico and Luna realize that they are not only rivals for Leonora's affection but also political opponents. They challenge each other to a duel.
Part Two: The Gypsy
Manrico has defeated Luna in the duel but was held back from killing him by an inner voice. In the ensuing struggle with Luna's men he has been wounded. Azucena tells him the story of how her mother was burnt at the stake and her own act of revenge in which she burnt her own child instead of Luna's son. She reacts with excuses to Manrico's doubts and questions as to whether he is really her son. A messenger announces that Leonora, believing Manrico to be dead, has decided to enter a nunnery. Manrico decides to prevent this from happening.
Leonora mourns the death of Manrico. Luna has also heard about his beloved's plans to become a nun and intends to abduct her. Manrico and his men, however, successfully seize Luna's weapons and flee with Leonora.
Part Three: The Gypsy's Son
Manrico has taken refuge with Leonora in a castle, which Luna's soldiers are preparing to storm. Azucena has been taken prisoner, accused of being a spy. Ferrando recognizes her as the gypsy who abducted the count's brother. When Azucena desperately calls out for Manrico it becomes clear to Luna that he has the mother of his deadly enemy in his power.
Manrico and Leonora are preparing their wedding when Ruiz, a soldier in his service, informs them that Azucena has been taken prisoner. Manrico calls his followers to arms and sets out to free the woman he believes to be his mother.
Part Four: The Execution
Manrico's attempt to free Azucena has failed. He has also been taken prisoner. When Leonora hears that Luna is planning to have mother and son executed she begs him to set Manrico free and offers herself as the reward for Luna's mercy. The latter agrees. Leonora secretly takes some poison in order not to have to keep her promise.
Manrico comforts Azucena, who longs to return home. Leonora urges him to flee immediately – she herself will remain, however. Manrico suspects what price she has paid to save him. Leonora dies. Luna realizes he has been deceived. He has Manrico executed immediately and forces Azucena to watch. She discloses the truth to him: "He was your brother!"
Il trovatore (Programm)
Productioninfo


Can I Just Go To A Drug Detox Program To Get Sober?
This entry was posted in Addiction Treatment and tagged Alcohol Abuse, Alcohol Addiction, Alcoholism, Detox, Drug Abuse, Drug Addiction on April 16, 2019 by Continuum Recovery Center.
Overcoming a drug addiction takes a strong support system. You do not have to do it alone. Detoxification through a professional program can help you get the drugs out of your system, but it may not be enough to achieve lifelong recovery. You may need rehabilitation after detoxification for a life of sobriety.
Many people mistakenly believe that detox and rehab is the same thing. They are in fact two separate processes, sometimes at two separate facilities. Detoxification is a part of rehabilitation. It is usually one of the earliest and most important parts of the recovery process. Detox focuses on the physical side of addiction, while rehab looks at the psychological. Detoxification removes the toxins from the patient's body, until there no drugs or alcohol remain in the patient's system. The detox process will differ depending on the types of substances used and the severity of the dependency.
Rehabilitation typically occurs after detox ends. It involves numerous programs, therapies, and activities to focus on what caused the addiction. Rehab programs can offer education, counseling, and guidance to help patients address the underlying mental, emotional, or psychological root of the drug dependency. Rehabilitation can take 30 to 90 days or longer as the patient works through his or her deep inner issues. Detox typically lasts 3 to 10 days while the drugs leave the patient's system.
Withdrawal from certain addictions can cause heart attacks, seizures, or strokes. It's critical to undergo detox among medical professionals in case you experience a dangerous complication. Detox at a facility can also come with special medications that can alleviate the symptoms and make detox less painful. This can decrease your risk of relapse and possible overdose.
As important as drug detoxification is, it might not be enough to keep an individual sober. The drugs are out of the physical system, but the urge to misuse substances can remain. Many substances have a lasting chemical impact on the brain that can increase the odds of relapse. Even without a change in your brain, the underlying issues that led you to use drugs to cope may still exist. Until you identify and eliminate the source of your addiction, you cannot hope to overcome it indefinitely.
A rehab program can help you identify triggers and learn how to cope with them in a healthy way, without turning to drugs or alcohol. It can give you healthy tools to reduce stress and enjoy a life of sobriety. The skills you learn in rehab can improve your communication skills, relationships with others, and ability to prevent relapse. Rather than just getting the drugs out of your system and releasing you out into the world, rehabilitation makes sure you are ready to achieve lifelong recovery.
Getting sober may take more than just a detox program. However, many people have achieved successful long-term sobriety with detox plus a support system, such as a 12-step program or addiction support group, without going to rehab. The right choice for you depends on the nature of your addiction, how much it has impacted your life, and your financial situation. You may want to consider rehabilitation on top of detox if you have a severe addiction and cannot address its root cause by yourself.
If you suffer from broken relationships, poor communication skills, lack of a support network, or a co-occurring disorder such as schizophrenia, consider rehabilitation as part of your recovery. In rehab, you will receive counseling and support from trained and licensed addiction specialists. You will get help identifying the cause of your addiction and tools you can use long after rehab to stave off cravings and temptation. Rehabilitation will connect you to others who can become your support group long after you leave the center. It can teach you how to achieve balance in your life through physical, mental, and spiritual wellness.
You may not need to enroll in anything more than drug detox if cleansing your body of toxins is enough to relieve your stress levels and help you regain your control over your behavior. If you have already acknowledged the cause of your drug problem, such as a recent traumatic event or falling out with a loved one, and taken steps to correct it, you may be able to recover without a longer rehabilitation program. You may simply need a detox to safely manage withdrawal symptoms and reduce your drug cravings. If you do experience a trigger or relapse, however, consider rehabilitation for your next recovery stint.
If you are looking to recover from a drug addiction, contact the professionals at Continuum Recovery Center. We can help you choose the program that's right for you or a loved one.


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This 2-piece dining chair set is perfect for decorating your dining room and offers you a comfortable seating experience.
Height from seat to the floor: 19.5"
The chair set is is of simple but elegant design which makes it perfect for home, restaurant or company. The breathable and non-smell linen fabric combining with solid wood frame are what makes the chair sturdy and durable for a long term use. The ergonomic curved backrest helps reduce the pressure and ease your pain in the back so that you could continue to sit for a long time without feeling tired.
The chair set adds a sleek contemporary vibe to your home. Don't hesitate to buy it now!
I believe these chairs to be an incredible value. Some persons have referenced the finish of the legs... while not perfect they work fairly well for us and the rustic style wood in our home. As for assembly I found it to be rather simple but have a few suggestions: 1) Prior to fully tightening any one bolt ensure that all bolts are started in their slot and start with the two bolts pointing towards the back of the chair FIRST as this will help align the corner bolts 2) Take a moment and use some fine scissors (I used a pair of small, bathroom, eye brow scissors to trim the ends of the black backing material. As you can see in the picture the material extends a bit past the staples (some more so than others) and in two instances extended past the edge of the seat so as to be slightly seen. This is a simple, quick task that will improve the fit/finish of the chair.
Stylish AND comfortable... what else could you ask for? Oh yeah, a great price to boot!
arrived in excellent conddtion, easy to put together. Good sturdy chairs. Love, Love, Love the upholster,,,,,very elegant looking while Spills clean right up !!
So, I took a gamble when I bought these chairs because the shade of wood on the legs seemed to be the closest match to the table from our family home (Which has been hard to match as the table has the original finish). For the price, a very good set of chairs. Very easy assembly and sat in them tonight and they are comfortable. My only complaint is the quality of the fabric. I do wish it were a bit thicker. Great set of chairs for less than $100.