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G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:1330647, PubMed:18703043, PubMed:19057895). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (PubMed:28129538). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors (PubMed:28129538). Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways (PubMed:28129538). Signaling activates phospholipase C and a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:28129538). Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood (PubMed:18297054). Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction.
(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for human JC polyomavirus/JCPyV.


Expert Advice about singles topics is open to everyone. If you would like to email Malka and Esther a question please click here.
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WHO SAYS SINGLE HAS TO MEAN SAD? ARE YOU PUTTING YOUR LIFE ON HOLD WHILE WAITING FOR YOUR "BASHERT?" DOES YOUR PRESENT SINGLE STATUS SEND SHUDDERS DOWN YOUR SPINE? ARE YOU WAITING FOR MARRIAGE TO LIVE A FULFILLED, ACCOMPLISHED HAPPY LIFE? DOES THE EXPRESSION "SINGLE AND HAPPY" SOUND LIKE AN OXYMORON TO YOU?
Single or not, this is your life, for now.....your only life. It isn't just a waiting room for your real life to begin. Many singles wait until they are in a permanent relationship to live the kind of life they would like and to do the things they love to do. Sadly, they focus on the fact that they are single and consequently experience unhappiness, dissatisfaction and a yearning for more meaning in their lives. A lot of singles believe, either openly or secretly, that they cannot be happy until they are married.
To paraphrase a popular quote: Happiness is not what happens to us; it is how we respond to what happens to us. You have the ability within you to choose happiness for yourself; you can decide to make yourself happy.
In regard to marriage and other life goals, try to stay away from the concept of "getting there." Life is much more about the journey. If you allow yourself to be hyper-focused on the ultimate goal, you will miss out on life's wonderment along the way.
Whether you've considered going back to school, going on a cruise, buying a condo…… whatever……do it. You may have to downscale the goal, but there is no reason why you shouldn't invest in yourself. There is no better time than now.
There will always be people in your life who lift you up and those who drag you down. Some people can actually seem toxic to the quality of your life. Unhappiness breeds unhappiness. Seek out individuals who are cheerful, upbeat, and positive. Stay away from those who reinforce a sense of doom and despair.
Single or not, everyone has gifts in their lives that they may be unaware of or just take for granted. Take some time to make a list of all of the things that you have been blessed with. Don't ignore the greater value of the intangibles.
Doing for others is one of the greatest ways to achieve a sense of fulfillment and joy. It can also serve as a wake up call to remind us of our many blessings.
Though it's great to do for others, it's important to do nice things for yourself... perhaps things that you have been putting off. Make it a habit to set the table for your dinner (for one). Use nice china and candles. Put care into how you decorate your home. Make it a place you want to come home to, not just a pad you view as a temporary stopover until your real home comes along.
Don't isolate. Stay in touch with old friends, married friends, friends you enjoy being with, friends who make you feel good about yourself. Single or married, we all need to feel connected.
Remember back to years gone by, before life felt so complicated. Reconnect with former simple joys. Was it painting, rollerblading, bike riding, long walks? Make sure to do at least some of them regularly. Find out what helps to you relax and unwind.
Set limits on work and other functional tasks. We often use work as our excuse for not attending to our other needs and desires. Create a nice balance in your life.
The list goes on. The important thing to remember is that this thing we call life is not just a dress rehearsal. The surest way to have a happy life is to build a life full of meaning and satisfaction. As we experience happiness and spread it around, we create an aura within ourselves that is compelling, attractive and ultimately quite appealing to potential soul mates.


text:
Cricketer Profile
Born: 20 September 1998 Nangarhar, Afghanistan
Playing Role: Bowler
Batting Style: Right-handed
Bowling Style: Right-arm leg break –
Playing for Teams: Afghanistan national cricket team, Sunrisers Hyderabad, Adelaide Strikers
Rashid Khan Arman is an Afghan cricketer and the captain of the national team in Twenty20 International matches. In franchise leagues, he plays for Sunrisers Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League (IPL), Adelaide Strikers in Australia's Big Bash League (BBL), Lahore Qalandars in Pakistan Super League (PSL), and the Band-e-Amir Dragons in Afghanistan. He bowls right-arm leg-spin and bats right-handed.
More know about Rashid Khan Wikipedia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


are elegant, expressive and evocative of your brand's point of view.
Scroll down to view a gallery of our work.
The desire to move from selling at their local farmers' market to a legal retail package drove the need for a brand and packaging redesign for this up-and-coming pair of confituriers.
Our design respects the defining qualities of the original packaging while introducing illustrated elements and classic typography. The labels accommodate the 200+ batches of unique flavours produced each year while meeting the legal requirements for packaging in Canada and an additional variation for the United States.
Client: Kitten & the Bear, Toronto, Canada.
Blogged: Featured on Packaging of the World.
Brand Audit, Packaging Design, Hand Lettering.
This design brings the focus of the Balzac's Blend packaging back to their superior product: handcrafted artisanal coffee.
it was important for the design choices to reflect their founding values – natural, sustainable, artisanal and local.
Client: Balzac's Coffee Roasters, Stoney Creek, Canada.
Blogged: Featured on The Dieline.
30 Creative Coffee Packages, The Dieline.
50 of the Best Coffee Branding Designs, Paste Magazine.
30 Beautiful Coffee Packaging Designs, Design Instruct.
as well as maintaining a unique brand voice in a crowded niche (single-serve coffee pods).
Published: Chois Package Vol. 6 by Chois Publishing.
Featured on The Canadian Design Resource.
The flexible brand identity we created allows for application across many product forms. The resulting packaging design is a pleasing and efficient system that complements the variety of products the client produces for retail sale.
In addition to their own retail locations, Bobbette & Belle products are now carried at the Hudson's Bay Company and at Holt Renfrew's flagship store on Bloor Street.
Client: Bobbette & Belle Inc., Toronto, Canada.
Brand Audit, Identity Design, Packaging Design.
After two decades of building a successful and well-loved specialty food brand, Wildly Delicious approached us to refresh their identity and packaging. Our redesign streamlines and modernizes the identity without compromising the brand equity of the former mark, and places it at the center of a cohesive brand language. The redesigned product line consists of 70+ products featuring flavor-specific pattern elements, bold colour blocking, and visually cohesive product families.
Client: Wildly Delicious Fine Foods, Toronto, Canada.
Naming, Brand Identity, Packaging Design.
Our involvement with this project began with the product name itself. We were asked to create a name that gave an impression of heritage, and that evokes the optimism and innocence of America's golden age. A tagline was also created to highlight the bakery's location in San Francisco, CA.
After determining the name, we developed an identity and packaging concept that reinforces the brand's perspective by leveraging a classic American gingham pattern accentuated with rustic typography.
Client: Sweethearth Shortbread, San Francisco, California.
When Sloane Fine Tea Merchants decided to make their popular teas available for wholesale, we utilized the established brand language to design a set of oversized tins and a collection of sachet envelopes made available to their clients.
Client: Sloane Fine Tea Merchants, Toronto, Canada.
Alqaryon is an established Middle Eastern soap producer who asked us to redesign their identity and packaging for introduction into the Canadian market. Our solution was to distinguish olive oil as the main ingredient and to create a package that feels wholly modern while respecting the brand's traditional roots.
Client: Alqaryon Natural Soap Trading Inc., Mississauga, Canada.
Working with Four925's existing brand, we created a labeling system that utilizes colour blocking to differentiate between the company's trail mix, nut, and dried fruit lines.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) are defined as galaxies with
L$_{\rm IR}$ = L(8 $-$ 1000 $\mu$m) $\ge$ 10$^{12}$L$_{\odot}$ (see
reviews by Sanders \& Mirabel 1996; Lonsdale, Farrah, \& Smith 2006).
This luminosity limit is roughly equivalent to the minimum bolometric
luminosity of QSOs. At luminosities above 10$^{12}$L$_{\odot}$, the
space density of ULIRGs in the local universe is greater than that of
optically selected quasars with similar bolometric luminosities by a
factor of $\sim$ 1.5. Thus local ULIRGs represent the most common type
of ultraluminous galaxy.  Systematic optical and near-infrared imaging
surveys have revealed that local ULIRGs are almost always undergoing
major mergers (e.g., Surace \& Sanders 1999; Surace, Sanders, \& Evans
2001; Scoville et al.\ 2000; Veilleux et al.\ 2002, 2006). Most of the
gas and star formation (and AGN) activity in these systems are
concentrated well within the central kpc (e.g., Downes \& Solomon
1998; Soifer et al. 2000, 2001).  Ground-based optical and
near-infrared spectroscopic studies of these objects have shown that
at least 25\% -- 30\% of them show genuine signs of AGN activity
(e.g., Kim, Veilleux, \& Sanders 1998; Veilleux, Kim, \& Sanders 1997,
1999; Veilleux, Sanders, \& Kim 1999).  This fraction increases to
$\sim$ 50\% among the objects with log[$L_{\rm IR}/L_\odot$] $\ga$
12.3. These results are compatible with those from mid-infrared
spectroscopic surveys (e.g., Genzel et al. 1998; Lutz et al. 1998;
Lutz, Veilleux, \& Genzel 1999; Rigopoulou et al.  1999; Tran et al
2001).

ULIRGs are relevant to a wide range of astronomical issues, including
the role played by galactic mergers in forming some or all elliptical
galaxies (Genzel et al.\ 2001; Veilleux et al.\ 2002), the efficiency
of transport of gas into the central regions of such mergers and the
subsequent triggering of circumnuclear star formation (e.g., Mihos \&
Hernquist 1996; Barnes 2004), the resulting heating and metal
enrichment of the IGM by galactic winds (e.g.  Rupke, Veilleux, \&
Sanders 2002, 2005ab; Veilleux, Cecil, \& Bland-Hawthorn 2005; Martin
2005), the potential growth and fueling of supermassive black holes
and the possible origin of quasars (Sanders et al. 1988). The
discovery of $z = 1 - 4$ submm sources with SCUBA (e.g., Smail et al.\
1997; Hughes et al.\ 1998) suggests that ULIRGs are also relevant to
the dominant source of radiant energy in the universe today.  Indeed,
integration of the light from the SCUBA population shows that it may
account for most of the submm/far-infrared background, as a
result of the strong cosmological evolution of these sources (e.g.,
Chapman et al.\ 2005). Thus, while the present-day ULIRGs provide a
relatively small contribution to the total present background, their
cousins at high $z$ are fundamentally important in this regard.

If ULIRGs are the predecessors of QSOs, one would expect ULIRGs and
QSOs to live in similar environments. Surprisingly little has been
published on the environments of local ULIRGs, in stark contrast to
the abundant literature on the small- and large-scale environments of
AGNs and QSOs (e.g., Yee, Green, \& Stockman 1986; Yee \& Green 1987;
Ellingson et al.\ 1991; Hill \& Lilly 1991; de Robertis et al.\ 1998;
McLure \& Dunlop 2001; Wold et al.\ 2000, 2001; Barr et al.\ 2003;
Miller et al.\ 2003; Kauffmann et al.\ 2004; S\"ochting et al.\ 2004;
Wake et al.\ 2004; Croom et al.\ 2005; Waskett et al.\ 2005; Serber,
Bahcall, \& Richards 2006) and the growing literature on the
environments of $z \ga 1$ ULIRGs (e.g., Blain et al.\ 2004; Farrah et
al.\ 2004, 2006).  To our knowledge, Tacconi et al.\ (2002) is the
only published study that has attempted to quantify the environments
of local ULIRGs. They correlated the positions of local ULIRGs with
the catalogs of galaxy clusters and groups available in NED and found
that none of them are located within a galaxy cluster.  The lack of
comprehensive imaging database at the time prevented them from
carrying out a more quantitative clustering analysis of these objects.

The present paper remedies the situation by using the large imaging
database of Veilleux et al.\ (2002) to quantify the environment of
local ($\langle z \rangle \sim 0.15$) ULIRGs from the 1-Jy sample.  We
note that the spectroscopy portion of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
(SDSS) provides redshift information for only the bright tail of the
galaxy luminosity function at $z \sim 0.15$, so a method that relies
solely on the photometric measurements of the galaxies in the field
surrounding the ULIRG must be used for the present analysis.  The
properties of the 1-Jy sample and imaging dataset are reviewed in \S
2.  In \S 3, the procedure for deriving the environmental richness,
$B_{gc}$, is outlined.  Results for our sample are presented in \S 4.
The findings of environmental studies for quasars and Seyferts are
compared with our results in \S 5. Our conclusions are summarized in
\S 6. We use $H_0$ = 50 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, $\Omega_m = 1$, and
$\Omega_{\lambda}$ = 0 throughout this paper.  These values were
selected to match those of previous studies and facilitate
comparisons; they have no effect on our conclusions.

\section{Sample}

The {\em IRAS} 1-Jy sample of 118 ULIRGs identified by Kim \& Sanders
(1998) is the starting point of our investigation.  The 1-Jy ULIRGs
were selected to have high galactic latitude ($\vert b \vert$ $\ge$
30$^\circ$), 60-$\mu$m flux greater than 1 Jy, 60-$\mu$m flux greater than
their 12-$\mu$m flux (to exclude infrared-bright stars), and ratios of
60-$\mu$m flux to 100-$\mu$m flux above $10^{-0.3}$ (to favor the
detection of high-luminosity objects).

All 1-Jy ULIRGs were imaged at optical (R) and near-infrared
(K$^\prime$) wavelengths using the U.\ of Hawaii 2.2-meter telescope.
The present study uses only the R-band images since they have a larger
field of view (FOV) and are deeper than the K$^\prime$-band images.
The R filter at 6400 \AA\ was a Kron-Cousins filter.  Details of the
observations and data reduction can be found in Kim, Veilleux, \&
Sanders (2002). The analysis of these data is presented in Veilleux et
al.\ (2002). These data are part of comprehensive imaging and
spectroscopic surveys which also include a large set of optical and
near-infrared spectra of the nuclear sources (Veilleux et al. 1999ab
and references therein), a growing set of spatially-resolved
near-infrared spectra to study the gas and stellar kinematics of the
hosts (Genzel et al.\ 2001; Tacconi et al.\ 2002; Dasyra et al.\
2006a, 2006b), and mid-infrared spectra from the Infrared Space
Observatory (ISO) and the {\em Spitzer} Space Telescope (SST; e.g.,
Genzel et al. 1998; Veilleux et al. 2006b, in prep.). This effort is
called {\em QUEST}: Quasar / ULIRG Evolutionary Study.

Since the set of data presented in Kim et al.\ (2002) was compiled
from observations made over the course of 14 years, a variety of CCDs
were used and the FOV sizes and spatial resolutions are not uniform.
For consistency, we limit the set of data in this paper to the images
of the 76 objects taken under good photometric conditions with the TEK
2048 $\times$ 2048 CCD.  Of these images, 32 (42\%) were irrecoverably
cropped during an earlier stage of data reduction and have a
significantly reduced FOV size.  The effects of the cropping on the
results of our analysis are discussed in \S 4.  Table 1 lists the
objects in our sample along with the FOV size and several other
properties of the sources.

\section{Analysis}

In this section we explain the methods that we used to quantify the
environment richness around each ULIRG. First, we describe the
algorithms used to find objects in the field and identify them as
stars or galaxies.  Next, we discuss the formalism applied to
calculate the environment richness parameter, $B_{gc}$. The techniques
used for our analysis have already been described in detail in Yee
(1991), Ellingson et al.\ (1991), Yee \& Lopez-Cruz (1999), and
Gladders \& Yee (2005); here we highlight the main steps.

\subsection{Object Identification and Classification}

Object identification was accomplished using the Picture Processing
Package (PPP) developed by one of us (Yee 1991).  This program
systematically examines each pixel in the image and determines whether
it has the potential to be part of an object: a star, a galaxy, a
cosmic ray, or an artifact of the CCD.  After running through a series
of tests, the PPP object finding program identifies and catalogs the
location and peak brightness of objects in the image.  The algorithms
used here are modified versions of that used by Kron (1980), which
depend on searching for local maxima. They have been shown to be
robust for object identification in sparse to moderately crowded
fields (Yee 1991).  The 1-Jy sample selection criterion $\vert b \vert
\ge 30^\circ$ avoids extremely crowded fields (and reduces the effects
of dust extinction on the galaxy counts), which could lead to object
misclassification and erroneous environment richness measurements.  We
therefore find that this object finding routine is perfectly adequate
for all ULIRGs in our sample

To address the problem of bad pixels or cosmic rays, objects were
thrown out automatically if a given pixel was five times brighter than
those immediately surrounding it.  This did not always work well
because bright bad pixels are sometimes surrounded by other bad pixels.
So, some misidentified objects were also identified by eye and removed
by hand.

The next step was to run an aperture photometry algorithm on the
identified objects in each image to determine whether these objects
are stars or galaxies.  For each object, a growth curve was calculated
using a series of circular apertures centered on the intensity
centroid of the object.  A reference-star growth curve was created for
each quadrant of the CCD frame by averaging the growth curves of
bright, isolated, and unsaturated stars within each quadrant. The
growth curves of the other objects were then compared with the
reference-star growth curve using the classification parameter $C_2$
defined by Yee (1991). In essence, $C_2$ computes the average
difference per aperture between the growth curves of the objects and
the growth curve of the reference star after they have been scaled to
match at the center and effectively compares the ratio between the
fluxes in the center and the outer part of an object with that of the
reference star. This method has been thoroughly tested by Yee (1991);
readers interested in knowing more about this classification scheme
should refer to this paper for detail.

\subsection{Environment Richness Parameter}

We use the parameter $B_{gc}$ to quantify the richness of the
environment of ULIRGs. $B_{gc}$ is the amplitude of the galaxy-galaxy
correlation function calculated for each object of interest
individually.  It was first used by Longair \& Seldner (1979) to
measure the environment of radio galaxies using galaxy counts, and
subsequently adopted in most studies of the environments of quasars
and other active galaxies (e.g., Yee \& Green 1984; Ellingson et al.\
1991; de Robertis et al.\ 1998; McLure \& Dunlop 2001; Wold et al.\
2000, 2001; Barr et al.\ 2003; Waskett et al.\ 2005), and also used as
a quantitative measurement of galaxy cluster richness (e.g., Andersen
\& Owen, 1994; Yee \& L\'opez-Cruz 1999).  Yee \& Lopez-Cruz (1999)
have demonstrated the robustness of the $B_{gc}$ parameter when
galaxies are counted to different radii and to different depth.
Furthermore, measurements of the environmental richness based on the
photometrically-derived $B_{gc}$-values have been shown to be entirely
consistent with measurements based on spectroscopic data.  This was
demonstrated by Yee \& Ellingson (2003), who used the data from the
Canadian Network for Observational Cosmology Cluster Redshift Survey
(CNOC1) to compare $B_{gc}$-values derived from (1) photometric data
with background subtraction, and (2) from properly weighted
spectroscopy data to account for incompleteness. We describe briefly
the procedure for deriving $B_{gc}$ below.

In order to determine the richness of the environment around a ULIRG,
we need to count the number of galaxies within a spherical volume with
radius, $r$, from the ULIRG of interest.  However, we necessarily must
begin with a two-dimensional image, which is a projection of this
volume onto the sky plane. The number of galaxies in a solid angle
$d\Omega$, at an angular distance $\theta$ from the object of
interest is given by (Seldner \& Peebles 1978)
\begin{equation}
N(\theta)d\Omega = N_g[1 + \omega(\theta)]d\Omega,
\end{equation}
where $N_g$ is the average surface density of galaxies and
$w(\theta)$, the angular correlation function, can be expressed
approximately as a power law,
\begin{equation}
w(\theta) = A_{gc}\theta^{1-\gamma}.
\end{equation}
$A_{gc}$ is a measure of the average enhancement of galaxies in
angular area, and $\gamma \approx 1.77$ empirically.  Integrating
equation (2) within a circle with radius $\theta$ yields
\begin{equation}
A_{gc} = \frac{N_{tot} - N_{bgc}}{N_{bgc}}\frac{(3-\gamma)}{2}\theta^{\gamma-1},
\end{equation}
where $N_{tot}$ and $N_{bgc}$ are the the total numbers of galaxies and
background galaxies, respectively, within an angular
radius of $\theta$.

Next, the two-dimensional parameters must be translated into three
dimensions.  The angular correlation function $w(\theta)$ is translated
into the spatial correlation function, $\xi(r)$, which describes the
number of galaxies in volume element $dV$ at distance $r$ from the
object of interest.  It can be shown that $\xi(r) = B_{gc}
r^{-\gamma}$, where $\gamma$ has the same value as in equation (3) and
$B_{gc}$ is the spatial correlation amplitude, a measure of the
richness of the environment around the galaxy. Longair \& Seldner
(1979) have shown that
\begin{equation}
B_{gc} = \frac{A_{gc} n_{bg}(m) D^{\gamma-3}}{I_{\gamma}\Psi(m,z)}.
\end{equation}
The constant I$_{\gamma}$ is an integration constant which depends on
$\gamma$ (Groth \& Peebles 1977).  $n_{bg}(m)$ is the expected count
per unit angular area
of background galaxies brighter than apparent magnitude $m$,
$\Psi(m,z)$ is the normalized integrated luminosity function of
galaxies to apparent magnitude $m$, at redshift $z$ of the cluster,
and $D$ is the angular diameter distance to the ULIRG at redshift $z$.
For our calculations, we used $\gamma$ = 1.77, $I_{\gamma}$ = 3.78,
and the cosmological parameters H$_{0}$ = 50 \kms Mpc$^{-1}$,
$\Omega_m$ = 1, and $\Omega_{\lambda}$ = 0 to match those of previous
papers.  For $\Psi$ and $n_{bg}(m)$, we use the luminosity function
and background counts derived from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey
(RCS; e.g., Gladders \& Yee 2005).

The uncertainty on B$_{gc}$ is computed using the formula
\begin{equation}
\frac{\Delta B_{gc}}{B_{gc}} = \frac{(N_{net} + 1.3^2 N_{bg})^{\onehalf}}{N_{net}}
\end{equation}
where $N_{net}$ is the net counts of galaxies over the background
counts, $N_{bg}$. This is a conservatively large error estimate as it
includes the expected counting statistics in $N_{net}$ and the
expected dispersion in background counts. The factor 1.3$^2$ is
included to account approximately for the additional fluctuation from
the clustered (and hence non-Poissonian) nature of the background
counts (discussed in detail in Yee, Green, \& Stockman 1986).  We
follow the prescription of Yee \& L\'opez-Cruz (1999) and integrate
the luminosity function from approximately $M_R = -25$ to $M^*_R + 2$
(where $M^*_R \approx -22.3$ for our cosmology) to calculate the
galaxy counts. This corresponds roughly to R = 15 -- 20 for the
galaxies in our sample ($\langle z \rangle \approx 0.15$).  This range
of integration was found by Yee \& L\'opez-Cruz (1999) to reduce the
sensitivity to small intrinsic variation of $M^*$ and variations in
the faint-end slopes of the cluster luminosity function.  The $B_{gc}$
parameter is computed over a radius $r = 500$ kpc, either directly
from the data when FOV $\ge$ 1 Mpc or extrapolated to this radius when
FOV $<$ 1 Mpc. This radius is selected to match that of previous
  studies.  The $B_{gc}$ parameter is not sensitive to this radius
  (Yee \& Lopez-Cruz 1999; see also \S 4).

\section{Results}

The spatial correlation amplitude parameter, B$_{gc}$, was computed for
each of the 76 ULIRGs in our sample.  The B$_{gc}$-values and
associated 1-$\sigma$ uncertainties are listed for each object in
Table 1.  The average (median) value of $B_{gc}$ and 1-$\sigma$
scatter around the mean for our sample of 76 ULIRGs is $\langle B_{gc}
\rangle = 35 \pm 198$ Mpc$^{1.77}$ ($-3$ Mpc$^{1.77}$).  For
comparison, the $B_{gc}$-values of field galaxies and clusters of
Abell richness class (ARC) 0-4 are $\sim$ 67.5, 600 $\pm$ 200, 1000
$\pm$ 200, 1400 $\pm$ 200, 1800 $\pm$ 200, and 2200 $\pm$ 200
Mpc$^{1.77}$ , respectively (the field $B_{gc}$-value is from Davis \&
Peebles 1983; the values for ARC 0-4 are from Yee \& L\'opez-Cruz
1999). The average clustering around the local ULIRGs therefore
corresponds to an environment similar to the field.  A large scatter
is seen in our data: although most objects are consistent with no
galaxy enhancement, a few objects apparently lie in clusters of Abell
classes 0 and 1.

Before discussing the results any further, it is important to verify
that our analysis of the cropped (FOV $<$ 1 Mpc) images does not
introduce any bias when compared with the results from the uncropped
(FOV $\ge$ 1 Mpc) images.  The average (median) $B_{gc}$-value for the
44 objects with uncropped images is 4 $\pm$ 121 Mpc$^{1.77}$ ($-$5
Mpc$^{1.77}$); {\em i.e.} slightly smaller than the values found for
the entire sample. Statistical tests give mixed results regarding the
significance of this discrepancy (Table 2). The results from a
two-sided K-S (Kolmogorow-Smirnov) test, a Wilcoxon
matched-pairs signed-ranks test, and a Student's t-test on the means
of the distributions suggest that the distribution of $B_{gc}$-values
for the uncropped images is not significantly different from the
distribution of $B_{gc}$-values as a whole, while the results from a
F-test on the standard deviations of the distributions suggest a
significant difference.

We have examined the distributions of $B_{gc}$-values for cropped and
uncropped images as a function of Galactic latitudes and longitudes.
Assuming that the $B_{gc}$-values are unaffected by stellar
contaminants from our Galaxy, there should be no trend with Galactic
latitude or longitude.  Indeed, the distributions of $B_{gc}$-values
with latitude and longitude are consistent with being random.  Our
data therefore confirm the results of Yee \& L\'opez-Cruz (1999), who
found that changing the counting radius by a factor of two, both
increasing to 1 Mpc and decreasing to 0.25 Mpc, did not alter the
$B_{gc}$-values significantly. However, given the mixed results from
the statistical tests, we track the cropped and uncropped data using
different symbols in the various figures of this paper. We have
verified that none of the results discussed below are affected if the
counting radius is chosen to be 0.25 Mpc or 1 Mpc rather than 0.50
Mpc, although quantization errors becomes noticeable when the counting
radius is 0.25 Mpc due to poorer number statistics. A counting radius
of 0.5 Mpc is adopted in the rest of this paper to match that of
previous studies.

Next, we explore the possibility of a dependence of the environment
richness on ULIRG properties. The first parameter we examine is the
infrared luminosity (Fig. 1). Statistical tests indicate that no trend
is present between $B_{gc}$ and $L_{IR}$. This is true for both the
uncropped data and the entire sample. The same result is found when we
examine the environment richness as a function of redshift (Fig. 2).
Here, however, the redshift range covered by our ULIRGs is very narrow
($z$ = 0.1 -- 0.22, if we exclude four objects in the sample), so this
statement is not statistically very significant. Comparisons with the
results of Blain et al.\ (2004) and Farrah et al.\ (2004, 2006)
suggest that the environment of high-$z$ ULIRGs is richer than that
of local ULIRGs. We return to this point in \S 5.

In Figure 2, we also distinguish between optical spectral types.  We
separate our sample into Seyfert 1s, Seyfert 2s, LINERs, and HII
region-like galaxies based on the optical classification of Veilleux
et al. (1999a). No obvious trends are observed with spectral type, but
the subdivision of our sample into four subsets necessarily leads to
poorer statistics. In Figure 3, we plot $B_{gc}$ as a function of
log($f_{25}/f_{60}$), another clear indicator of AGN activity [objects
with log($f_{25}/f_{60}$) $>$ --0.7 have ``warm'', AGN-like {\em IRAS}
colors].  The lack of trends in this figure and Figure 2 indicates
that the nature of the dominant energy source in local ULIRGs
(starburst or AGN) is not influenced by the environment. This result
is consistent with the ULIRG -- QSO evolutionary scenario of Sanders
et al.\ (1988), where the nature of the dominant energy source varies
with merger phase (starburst in early phases and QSO in late phases)
but is independent of the environment (as long as the dispersion in
velocity of the galaxies within the cluster is not too large to
prevent mergers altogether).

\section{Comparison with AGN Samples}

In this section we compare our results with those from published
environmental studies of AGNs and QSOs.  Table 2 summarizes the
statistical results of these comparisons and Figures 4 -- 9 display
the $B_{gc}$-values from the various samples. Unless otherwise noted
in the text below, all data sets use the same cosmology.

\subsection{Local Seyferts}

First, we compare our results with those derived on nearby AGNs.  De
Robertis et al.\ (1998) studied the environments of nearby ($z <
0.05$) Seyfert galaxies using the exact same procedure as the one we
use here, so we can directly compare their results with ours. For the
27 galaxies with z $>$ 0.0045, de Robertis et al.\ (1998) find
$\langle B_{gc} \rangle = 40 \pm 63$ Mpc$^{1.77}$ (median of 27
Mpc$^{1.77}$), consistent with the environment of field galaxies.
Recent studies based on the SDSS database confirm this result (e.g.,
Miller et al.\ 2003; Wake et al.\ 2004). The average environment of
local ULIRGs is therefore not dissimilar to that of local Seyferts.
However, as indicated in Table 2, virtually all statistical tests
except perhaps the t-test on the means indicate that the two $B_{gc}$
distributions are not drawn from the same parent population.  Figures
4 and 5 show why that is the case: The distribution of $B_{gc}$-values
among ULIRGs is distinctly broader than that of the Seyferts. This
slight difference is also seen in Figure 6, where we display the
distribution of local Seyferts and local ULIRGs as a function of Abell
richness classes.

As discussed in \S 4, Seyfert-like ULIRGs do not reside in distinctly
poorer or richer environments than non-Seyfert ULIRGs, so the broader
scatter in ULIRG environments cannot be attributed to the broad range
of AGN activity level within the ULIRG population. We note that
typical error bars for the de~Robertis et al. (1998) sample is $\sim$
100 Mpc$^{1.77}$, while it is $\sim$ 150 Mpc$^{1.77}$ for the ULIRG
sample. (The difference is due to the redshift difference between the
samples -- the ULIRG data requires counting to a fainter magnitude,
which introduces larger uncertainties from background counts.) But the
full ULIRG sample distribution is about 3 times broader than the
Seyfert distribution -- so, the broader distribution of the ULIRG
sample cannot be fully explained by the larger error bars.

\subsection{Local QSOs}

Next, we compare our results with those derived on the nearby ($z
\approx 0.2$) QSOs by Yee \& Green (1984) and McLure \& Dunlop (2001).
The measurements of Yee \& Green (1984) can be directly compared with
our ULIRG results since their results were derived using the same
method and parameters as that of the present study.  McLure \& Dunlop
also apply the same formalism to calculate $B_{gc}$. However, they use a
different analysis package to identify and classify the objects in the
field and carry out the photometry. Their use of {\em HST} WFPC2 data
also limits their survey area to only $\sim$ 200 kpc around the QSOs,
smaller than even our cropped data.  These possible caveats should be
kept in mind when comparing their results with ours.

Yee \& Green (1984) get $\langle B_{gc} \rangle = 157 \pm 208$ and a
median of 134 Mpc$^{1.77}$ for 34 QSOs from the Palomar-Green sample
(Schmidt \& Green 1983), while McLure \& Dunlop (2001) derive an
average (median) $B_{gc}$ of 365 $\pm$ 404 Mpc$^{1.77}$ (241
Mpc$^{1.77}$) for a set of 44 radio-quiet and radio-loud QSOs and
radio galaxies. If we limit our discussion to the QSOs in McLure \&
Dunlop sample (21 radio-quiet QSOs and 13 radio-loud QSOs), the
average (median) $B_{gc}$ becomes 304 $\pm$ 350 Mpc$^{1.77}$ (218
Mpc$^{1.77}$). The average environment of the QSOs in both studies is
therefore slightly richer than that of local ULIRGs.  The $B_{gc}$
distributions of the two sets of local QSOs (particularly that of the
McLure \& Dunlop sample; see Fig. 5) show a distinct tail at high
$B_{gc}$-values which is not apparent in the ULIRG distribution.

A quantitative analysis generally confirms that the $B_{gc}$
distributions of Yee \& Green and $B_{gc}$ distributions for the
radio-quiet and radio-loud QSOs from McLure \& Dunlop are
statistically different from that of the local ULIRGs (Table 2).
However, note that the Wilcoxon test suggests that the difference is
barely significant.  Indeed, Figures 5, 7, and 8 show that there is
considerable overlap between the B$_{gc}$ distributions of 1-Jy ULIRGs
and low-$z$ QSOs, particularly the PG~QSOs.  This result is consistent
with the idea that some, but perhaps not all, of these QSOs may have
formed through a IR-luminous phase like that observed at low redshift
in the 1-Jy ULIRGs.  A more physically meaningful test of this
scenario would be to compare the environment of local QSOs with the
environment of $z \ga 0.5$ ULIRGs to take into account the finite
duration of the ULIRG -- QSO evolutionary sequence. The recent
environmental studies of distant ULIRGs by Blain et al.\ (2004) and
Farrah et al.\ (2004, 2006) indeed point to slightly richer
environments, which more strongly resemble the environments of the
QSOs from McLure \& Dunlop.

{\em A posteriori}, the distinct high-$B_{gc}$ tail in the
distribution of the QSOs of McLure \& Dunlop (2001) is not
unexpected given the host properties of these particular QSOs: $\sim$
4-5 times larger host sizes and luminosities relative to the 1-Jy
ULIRGs (Dunlop et al.  2003; Veilleux et al.\ 2002, 2006). More
luminous hosts live in richer environments on average than hosts of
lower luminosity. As pointed out by Veilleux et al.  (2006) and Dasyra
et al. (2006c), the hosts of the QSOs from the Palomar-Green sample
(these QSOS are less radio and X-ray luminous than the QSOs of McLure
\& Dunlop 2001) are a better match in host size and luminosity to the
local ULIRGs. This may explain the generally better (although not
perfect) agreement between the environments of PG~QSOs and 1-Jy
ULIRGs.

\subsection{Intermediate-Redshift QSOs}

For the sake of completeness, we display in Figures 5, 6, and 9 the
results from our study of local ULIRGs alongside the results presented
by Ellingson et al.\ (1991), Wold et al.\ (2001), and Barr et al.\
(2003) for 63 radio-quiet and radio-loud QSOs at 0.3 $< z < 0.6$, 20
radio-quiet QSOs at 0.5 $\le z \le 0.8$, and 20 radio-loud QSOs at 0.6
$< z <$ 1.1, respectively. All three groups use the same basic method
outlined in \S 3 to calculate the spatial correlation amplitude, and
all groups assume the same value for H$_{0}$.  However, Ellingson et
al. (1991) assume $q_0$ = 0.02 instead of 0.5 ($\Omega_m$ = 0.04
instead of 1, if $\Omega_{\lambda}$ = 0).  There is no simple way to
scale the $B_{gc}$-values for different cosmological models (other
than $H_0$) since its computation is rather complicated (\S 3), so
Figures 5, 6, and 9 show the $B_{gc}$-values corrected for the
different $H_0$ but not the different $\Omega_m$.  Once again, we see
considerable overlap between the various distributions,
but the statistical analysis formally rules out that they come
from the same parent population (Table 2). The amount of overlap in
$B_{gc}$-values is quite remarkable given the difference in redshifts
between the various samples. These results further support a
connection between ULIRGs and some QSOs.

\section{CONCLUSIONS}

We have derived the spatial cluster-galaxy correlation amplitude,
$B_{gc}$, for 76 $z < 0.3$ ULIRGs from the 1-Jy sample and compared
our results with those in the literature on $z < 0.05$ AGNs, $z
\approx 0.2$ QSOs, and $0.3 \la z \la 1$ QSOs.  The main results are
as follows:

1. Local ULIRGs live in environments which are similar on average to
that of field galaxies. However, there are a few exceptions: some
objects apparently lie in clusters of Abell classes 0 and 1.

2. The infrared luminosity, optical spectral type, and {\em IRAS}
25-to-60 $\mu$m flux ratios of ULIRGs show no dependence with
environment.

3. The ULIRG environment does not vary systematically over the
redshift range covered by our sample (mostly 0.1 $< z <$ 0.22).

4. There is a lot of overlap between the $B_{gc}$ distribution of
local ULIRGs and those of local Seyferts, local QSOs, and
intermediate-$z$ QSOs. However, quantitative statistical comparisons
show that the various $B_{gc}$ distributions are not drawn from the
same parent population.  The average environment of ULIRGs appears to
be intermediate between that of local Seyferts and local QSOs.  Local
ULIRGs show a broader range of environments than local Seyferts, which
are exclusively found in the field. The $B_{gc}$ distribution of QSOs
show a distinct tail at high values which is not seen among local
ULIRGs. This slight environmental discrepancy between local QSOs and
ULIRGs is not unexpected: recent morphological studies have found that
some of the more radio and X-ray luminous local QSOs used in this
comparison have more luminous and massive hosts than local ULIRGs.  A
better match in host and environmental properties is seen when the
comparison is made with the PG~QSOs.

5. Overall, the results of this study suggest that ULIRGs can be a
phase in the lives of all types of AGNs and QSOs, but not all
moderate-luminosity QSOs may have gone through a ULIRG phase.
Published studies of the environments of more distant ULIRGs, perhaps
the actual predecessors of the local QSOs we see today, provide
further support for an evolutionary connection between ULIRGs and
QSOs.

\acknowledgements

B.A.Z. and S.V. acknowledge partial support of this research by
NSF/CAREER grant AST-9874973 and NASA grant \#1263752 issued by
JPL/Caltech..  This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC
Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The House members put up a presentation on Eid and imparted information about the relevance and importance of Ramadan. The students talked about the virtues of self control and enjoyment of festivities and presented a soul touching song "Lab Pe Aati Hai Dua" written by Allama Iqbal. The young members of the House recited an English poem on how Eid is celebrated worldwide.
The children provided useful information regarding when and by whom was Red Fort built, the special architecture of the monument and some interesting facts about it.
The House members spoke about the life story and amazing achievements of Malala Yousafzai, the Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest-ever Nobel Prize laureate. They also recited a poem igniting the spirit of courage and fearlessness that Malala stands for. They showed the audience that all of us can be Malala, if we fight for justice and freedom in a rightful manner.


text:
E-Commerce Tips
Mobile Shopping Apps
SimiCart Updates
PWA vs SPA: Alike but Different
09/18/2019 7 Mins Read
The appeal of standard websites is starting to lose its charm, yielding its place to web applications. With each passing day, web applications are becoming increasingly popular due to its engaging and staggeringly fast experience.
Most of this technological success can only be gained by implementing certain architectures into the structure of your website, ensuring your website's stability, performance and engagement.
Two popular approaches for structuring your web application right now are PWAs and SPAs. Much to the common conception regarding these two approaches, they're not the same. This is crucial as their overlooked differences often lead to costly mistake and lost opportunities; surely you—probably a site owner for whom every millisecond matters—don't want your web application be lagging behind the rest of the world.
SPA (Single Page Application) is a website whose current page is updated dynamically rather than being entirely downloaded from a server. In other words, all the necessary application code for your web application (HTML, CSS, JavaScript) needs to be loaded only once. As the user navigates through the web application, all contents and elements that need updating are fetched and re-rendered without requiring the user to reload the browser.
This saves the traditional round trip between the browser and the server, thus allows for faster interactions and better user satisfaction.
How SPA Works
You probably use SPA all the time without even realizing it. Notice how most social media websites feel kind of the same? It's because they all use SPAs to streamline the user experience and to create a continuous news-updating feed.
Here are some of the notable SPAs that you're probably using regularly:
Progressive Web Apps (PWAs)
Unlike SPA, Progressive Web App (PWA) is more like a set of guidelines and checklists than a specific architecture. PWAs are known and deviate from SPAs by several characteristics such as:
Service Workers: Service workers provide the technical foundation for many of PWA's prominent features, namely offline availability and push notifications.
Web App Manifest: A file which contains a minimal set of icons.
HTTPS: PWAs are always served from a secure origin.
How PWA Works
Service workers act as a proxy between the browser and the network and are responsible for the caching of the website's assets and interception of network requests, which leads to the website's offline availability and various other features including push notifications.
Service workers also help tremendously in the background. Besides offering offline capabilities, they're also responsible for much of the heavy calculations, which is the main reason why most PWA websites are so efficient and fast-loading.
We've written an in-depth guide about what is Progressive Web App. So you can't miss it!
How Are They Alike?
Being both new and revolutionary technologies, these two architectures offer its user an app-like, engaging experience that's vastly different from traditional websites. At first glance, they can be easily mistaken for one another; the underlying processes that make all these experience possible, however, are not the same.
There's a common misconception that a PWA is almost always a SPA, which is just plain wrong. From the PWA requirements above, you could see that nowhere does it state that its website content must be rendered in the browser or a PWA should not request server-rendered pages.
A PWA is, simply put, a website that has all the best qualities that the Web has to offer. It's Reliable, Fast and Engaging.
And since PWA requires service workers that run in a separate thread from the UI, PWAs differ in such a way that their contents are always displayed near instantaneously, unlike SPAs which almost always accompany a specific initial loading screen for pre-fetching of the sites' assets. This means that most, if not all of the abundant JavaScript overhead that SPA JavaScript framework place on your web apps can instead be reallocated to the service worker.
SPA users must be familiar with the initial loading page
Obviously, the differences between these two are not just that, there are plenty more to dissect:
In terms of Speed
With regard to speed, these two architectures are pretty similar since they're both cutting edge technology. The upper hand, however, might go to PWA here.
The reason for this is because, while both SPAs and PWAs use JavaScript for their developments, PWA is able to leverage its service workers to render some of the works. In other words, much of the excessive JavaScript overhead that SPAs add to your webs apps can instead be delegated to the service workers, thus greatly reducing JavaScript footprint.
This enables PWA sites to pre-cache many site assets: scripts, CSS, images, and markup before they are required. Thanks to these pre-caches, the user's network is relieved of the additional stresses that come with rendering and are able to work offline.
In terms of Cost
Here's where PWA loses to SPA. Possessing cutting-edge technology, PWA consequently comes with an additional cost. That's not to mention that the development of PWA often lasts for weeks or even months at a time since it's not as streamlined a process as compared to SPA's.
PWAs: $2000 – $20.000
SPAs: $1500 – $12.000
There are many factors at play affecting your building costs such as your developer's rate, the complexity of the job, your preferences and customizations… all of which should be taken into considerations when doing a cost estimate.
Recommended reading: How much does it cost to build a Magento PWA?
In terms of User Experience/User Interface
While SPAs had had its place in the past, people are starting to convert to PWAs since it offers better User Experience (UX).
Both possessing the app-like interface, PWA brings more engagement and reliability even in offline or slow connection conditions. For these reasons that influential brands such as Twitter has initiated The PWA movement by releasing their own PWA version of their site, which is Twitter Lite.
Source: PWAstats
And it's not just Twitter. The PWA movement is expected to be here to stay; plus with the recent participation of Spotify, the movement doesn't seem to be showing any sign of slowing down soon.
Alluring UI of Spotify PWA
Single Page Application has its limit of not being able to deliver satisfactory UX on big sites, which is why it works best for sites that are data-oriented and not necessarily visually stunning like Gmail and Facebook.
Gmail UI
In terms of Security
Security is a delicate subject. While both PWA and SPA use JavaScript as their main library for developments, their issues regarding security differ a lot, with most of which come from SPA and its XSS (cross-site scripting) issue.
Join with thousands of other enthusiasts to receive the latest Magento and Progressive Web App news & tips.
Much fewer concerns regarding security are raised at PWA since it's in the nature of Progressive Web App that all connections are to go through a secure HTTPS origin. Like PWAs, HTTPS, too, is the future of the Webs, through which cutting-edge features such as service workers are made accessible and possible.
In terms of Accessibility
Compared to SPAs, PWAs are generally more accessible, especially with the recent Chrome support for Desktop PWA. Users interacting with PWAs can have the option to add a shortcut of the app that they're using to their Homescreen or to their Desktop.
Desktop Twitter PWA icon
SPAs are actually terrible when it comes to accessibility since it has the tendency of leaving its user in the middle of nowhere every time a page transition is executed. This is especially frustrating for users with disabilities since no aria or role attribute will be able to help them if the page keeps changing completely its DOM (Document Object Model) structure.
As revolutionary as SPAs might have been, time seems to have slowly caught up with it. While SPAs and PWAs are kinds of the same, more and more people are choosing PWAs over SPAs and that's understandable, given the benefits that PWAs bring.
With SimiCart, we offer the best PWA solution for Magento merchants. Contact us now to receive a free demo of our product and get a quote.
Explore SimiCart PWA
Luke Vu
A Content Writer with a passion for the English language.
Insights from Trending mCommerce Statistics
Main Advantages of Mobile Payment Systems
The State of M-Commerce in 2020
SimiCart is an expert in mobile commerce with over 8 years of experience. We provide a complete solution to build iOS & Android mobile apps and PWA for Magento merchants.
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text:
Shame and Cynicism in Medical Novels
Alongside the official textbooks of the medical curriculum, there appears a second canon, a hidden curriculum. Consisting of essays, films, folktales, jokes, novels, plays, poems and television shows, this repository is a refuge, a place where doctors and other healthcare professionals go to think about their profession in a different light, through a different lens. If these works present a refuge to healthcare professionals, they may also document particular nodes of concern or anxiety, areas, in other words, where some catharsis is necessary. Therefore, they become interesting for analyses of shame experiences within medicine not merely because they can describe moments when healthcare professionals feel shame, but because they can track the processes that condition this shame and dictate its conversions, into anger, guilt, regret, detachment and cynicism.
Two influential works in this grey canon are A. J. Cronin's The Citadel (1937) and Samuel Shem's The House of God (1978). Although very different in their style—one chuckles to imagine how shocked Cronin's earnest sentimentality would be by Shem's picaresque ribaldry—the two novels have proved surprisingly resilient to changes in medical curricula and literary taste. This may be because they both describe doctors in the process of developing their clinical practice, alongside a gradual realization of an endemic corruption in the medical establishment. If, by their conclusions, the ostensible message of both works is to hold fast to the ideals of the profession, while recognizing the temptations of money, power and success, we can by no means be sure that this message has been the primary reason for the novels' staying power. It is more likely that professionals have found succour in the recognition of themselves and their colleagues in the numerous vignettes that make up both narratives. If this is the case, then we might do better to focus our attention on the ways that the novels map their protagonists' rises and falls: the ways that they cope with the loss of idealism that attends their growing awareness of medicine's politics.
When we focus on their trajectory, rather than their terminus, we can see clear lines of connection between the disillusionment or cynicism of the doctors in these novels and moments of shame about their practice. Strikingly, however, the moment where they realize their feelings of shame usually comes after their most bruising cynicism. In other words, while it is shame that generates their cynicism, this shame remains disavowed until, late in the novel, the characters reckon with it as part of their processes of medical formation. This moment of reckoning, in turn, breaks a pattern of behaviour that has been marked by cynical detachment, reconciling the character's understanding of themselves with an awareness of the weight of what they have done.
In my research article, "Shame-to-cynicism conversion in The Citadel and The House of God," published in Medical Humanities, I track the dynamics between cynicism and shame in professional practice through the novels to suggest stronger links between cynicism, so often observed among medical students, and moments of shame.
Arthur Rose, University of Bristol
arthur.rose@bristol.ac.uk
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In the forest just on the outskirts of Wageningen there is an ecovillage, right where the old Pieter Pauw hospital used to be. The name of the ecovillage is Ppauw, and for the past four years people have been building a low impact community using sustainable construction and permaculture techniques.
Last year was a very heavy year for the community. A new road was built on the property, to connect to the refugee centre that is right behind Ppauw. Because of this, and to remove the foundations of the old hospital, much of the infrastructure (including the beautiful communal building known as "the Modderschip") had to be broken down. All this construction/destruction ripped open the landscape, resulting in heavy erosion that is eating away the land, even threatening the newly constructed road.
Not too long ago, the inhabitants of Ppauw heard they can stay for at least another 3 years! As a result Ppauw is now re-establishing itself more ambitiously than ever! They have already rebuilt many of the old buildings and they have plans to recreate the permaculture garden. Before they can do this they need to address the erosion on-site, which is also threatening to drag inhabitant Henk's beautiful Tiny House into the abyss!
In other words, something needs to be done here!
And guess what, YOU are going to do it!
Are you interested in landscape restoration and erosion control? Are you looking for ways to bridge the gap between theory and practice? Are you up for a challenge?
Then join the Save Henk's Tiny House Challenge!
In this challenge you will start with a crash course in erosion control and you will be challenged to apply your newly acquired right away!
•	Attend a lecture for the necessary background information!
•	Carry out an observation exercise and see nature in real life!
•	Take on the erosion at Ppauw and save Henk's Tiny House!
So sign up now, either individually or with a team!


text:
4th Line Power! Brendan Leipsic Scores First Goal as a Cap
By Ben Sumner
(Caps Outsider)
Brendan Leipsic didn't come to Washington with much fanfare, but he's been a steady presence on the Caps' fourth line this season, never a healthy scratch and always working hard. So it was hard to believe that it took him 15 games to score his first goal for the team.
"It feels good. Got a lot of chances. It's always kinda in the back of your mind to get that first one, so it feels good."
Leipsic scored the fourth goal of the game. "Boyder [Travis Boyd] just made a great play. I was kinda just trying to find a quiet area. He dipsied a couple of guys, made a great play back door, and it was tough to miss that one."
The fourth line, which also included Travis Boyd (two assists) and Garnet Hathaway, has been a huge bright spot for the Caps. "They were excellent," Coach Todd Reirden said. "I really liked a lot of things from that line. the speed, the execution level."
Leipsic also had an assists on Chandler Stephenson's goal, and was named third star of the game, after Tom Wilson and Jakub Vrana.
Leipsic nets his first as a Cap! pic.twitter.com/n7bDACk8q7
— NBC Sports Capitals (@NBCSCapitals) November 1, 2019
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Satish Bukkapatnam Named SME Fellow
Satish T.S. Bukkapatnam, a Rockwell International Professor and the Director of the TEES Institute for Manufacturing Systems has been elevated to the SME College of Fellows.
Pistikopoulos Elected Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)
Professor Stratos Pistikopoulos, a TEES Distinguished Research Professor in the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering and an Interim Co-Director of the Texas A&M Energy Institute, has been elected as a fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE).
Next-Generation Energy Expert: The Scientist-Scholar-Lawyer
A Profile of the Next-Generation Energy Expert: The Scientist-Scholar-Lawyer. Brett A. Miller, a 2015-16 ConocoPhillips Energy Institute Fellow in the Texas A&M Energy Institute and a 2016 graduate of the Texas A&M Law School, recently began working as a law clerk at the Texas Oil & Gas Association (TXOGA) in Austin.
Floudas and Scully Named Fellows of the National Academy of Inventors (NAI)
Professor Christodoulos A. Floudas has been identified as a leader of invention and innovation and has been named a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors (NAI).
Two Faculty Affiliates Named Fellows of IEEE
Jiang Hu and Peng Li, Texas A&M Energy Institute Faculty Affiliates and professors in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Texas A&M University, have been named Fellows of IEEE.
Giesecke
Graduate Fellowships
Master of Science in Energy
Energy Institute Lecture Series: Dr. Panos M. Pardalos
5th Annual Bovay Workshop on Engineering and Applied Ethics
RT @C3E_EnergyWomen: .@Valentinaki of @TAMUEnergyInst is providing opening remarks and welcoming everyone to the 8th annual U.S. C3E Sympos…69 days ago
RT @C3E_EnergyWomen: We are very thankful to have U.S. C3E Ambassador Rachael Beitler of @ENERGY here! "May your work pave the way for more…69 days ago
Mohammed Al-Hashimi
Research in Professor Al-Hashimi's group focuses on the synthesis of organic polymers, in particular the "design and synthesis of organic semiconductor materials" for a range of optoelectronic applications, including field effect transistors, photovoltaic devices, light emitting diodes and sensors. This…


The PLATO Theater Trips Team of Bob Blitzke, Jane Grogan, Jean Kasten, Lynne Stapleton, Nancy McClements and Tammy Albrecht welcome members of the PLATO Theater Enthusiasts Group for an evening of socializing over food and drink.
TIP: Use the Spring 2018 Playlist Study Guide to quickly locate a copy of the play to borrow or purchase.
Each play in the list contains links to public Library resources available through the South Central Library System online public access catalog, LINKcat, and the Wisconsin Public Library Consortium's Wisconsin's Digital Library. The Amazon website links are also shown for our playlist titles.
Since many of our members may not be avid library users, we will offer some tips on making the most of your public library's shared online catalog, LINKcat, and the Research and Discovery databases available through Madison Public Library website.
Other meeting topics include a look ahead to the 2018-2019 theater trip season, Milwaukee and Chicago theater possibilities, exploring theater tours and researching other related theater activities.
Other PLATO members who want to learn more about its Theater Trips Program are also welcome to join us.
We will meeting at Smitty's Study Pub in its Mendota Room (seen at the far end in this photo), which is located on the 8th Floor of the Fluno Center at 601 University Avenue in Madison.
Note: Dates were chosen when there are no Kohl Center sports scheduling and to provide ample parking.


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Q: Ion.RangeSlider change status in Angular 7 I'm using Ion.RangeSlider in Angular7 project. When I want to update the slider I use following code:
var instance: any = $(".irs-hidden-input").data("ionRangeSlider");

        instance.update({
            from: Math.floor(Math.random() * (10)),
            to: 10
        });

The $ sign is like to jQuery mode, How I can read data from @ViewChild?
Thanks for taking the time and explain it.

A: I will recommend to use ng2-ion-range-slider instead of Ion.RangeSlider. Because i was faced same kind of issues to catch the update and change events of Ion.RangeSlider in Angular then i found this one.

For npm installation and Imports, do follow ng2-ion-range-slider documentation

ng2-ion-range-slider now optimized for easy use as an importable Angular 2 Module and installable using npm and it is built on top of Ion.RangeSlider so that we can access all the features of it in easy way.
<ion-range-slider #sliderElement
          type="double"
          [min]="myMinVar"
          max="100"
          from="28"
          from_min="10"
          from_max="30"
          from_shadow="true"
          to="40"
          to_min="40"
          to_max="90"
          to_shadow="true"
          grid="true"
          grid_num="10"
          prefix="Weight: "
          postfix=" million pounds"
          decorate_both="false"
          (onUpdate)="myOnUpdate($event)"
          (onChange)="myOnChange($event)"
          (onFinish)="myOnFinish($event)"></ion-range-slider>

I have answered same kind of issue get value of ion-rangeslider in Angular check it once..

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: RewriteRule File Directory in htaccess I have a php file inside folder of the website. For example, the file path is https://example.com/admin/login.php
Then I want to put in htaccess with following code :
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} off

RewriteRule ^(.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [L,R=301]
RewriteRule ^$ index.php [L]
RewriteRule ^login$ admin/login.php [L]

Unfortunately, it's not work. I tried to search and read many tutorial but it still doesn't work too. Is anybody know what I have to write the htaccess? Thanks before.

A: Move the "login" rule up before the "index" rule that catches everything.


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Meet Josh Golombek: Actor
May 3, 2021 May 3, 2021 Leave a reply
We had the good fortune of connecting with Josh Golombek and we've shared our conversation below.
Hi Josh, what matters most to you?
I have an incredible quote from one of my teachers, Dr. Patrick Leddin. He instilled in me something very simple, "Do what you say you are going to do." This quote has stuck with me as I've been building my acting career, but has also been very applicable to my every day life. I aspire to be someone who is accountable, reliable, and trustowrthy, and this quote encompasses these principles. There are many values that I strive to uphold, but this has been a big one for me recently!
I set out to become a professional actor just a few years ago, and even though there have been struggles, I know I am exactly where I am supposed to be. My favorite feeling is when I have seen a really good television show or a movie, and I have to sit still as I absorb and process the incredible storytelling. My goal is to be a part of that process, and impact others with my acting in the same way that films/tv have impacted me. I feel I have gotten to where I am today through lots of hard work that goes on behind the scenes, but also by reminding myself why I love performing. When I have encountered obstacles, remembering my love for art and storytelling has really kept me going. I am still making mistakes and learning as I go, but I hope that when people see my art, they see my passion, my heartbeat, and see that I never gave up.
Oh this is a tricky question! I am pretty simple when it comes to excursions. For me, I love spending time with my friends no matter where we are! I recently had some good friends of mine visit LA for the first time, so I made sure to take them to In N Out, the beach, Hollywood, and Griffith Observatory to name a few places. But honestly, I love long talks during a nice car ride, singing at the top of my lungs to throwback songs, sharing my favorite movies/shows with my friends, watching sports, and being around people who can make me laugh. Oh! And doing escape rooms!
This past year has been a whirlwind for so many reasons, and there are honestly too many people to give a shout out to. First, I'd really like to give a big thank you to my manager, Laura, who has done SO much for me. Also, Amber Horn, Don Bloomfield, and Lisa London have kept me so inspired during this pandemic, and I am incredibly grateful to have been able to learn from them. Lastly, I have to shout out my friends and my family! They have really helped to keep me afloat this past year. The list goes on and on, and I look forward to making all of these people proud!
Website: https://www.imdb.me/joshgolombek
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/joshgolombek
Savannah Walters
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Meet Eliran Nargassi: Fashion Designer
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Nasdaq float sees Newgioco begin its new US-Italian identity
Tag Archives: Brexit
Smarkets tips Keir Starmer as new Labour leader
Following on from the Labour's disastrous performance in last December's General Election, losing 60 seats and recording its biggest electoral defeat since Michael Foot's 1983 campaign, bookmakers are pricing the early contenders competing for Party leadership. With Jeremy Corbyn's successor to be decided on April 4, former shadow Brexit secretary Keir Starmer continues to be the front runner, followed by …
Keir Adams, SBTech: Pricing betting's most unpredictable market
Bookmakers will have their political credentials put under the spotlight once again, as the UK prepares for a general election on Thursday 12 December. Following year-on-year political upsets since 2015, Keir Adams, Head of UK Sports at SBTech, spoke to SBC News about pricing betting's most unpredictable market. SBC: How do you price an election? And how do you price in …
UK not leaving EU on October 31 trading on exchanges at 97%
Punters have shown little faith in PM Boris Johnson passing his Brexit deal in Parliament before the 31st October, with the possibility of a deal being reached currently trading at 3% on the Smarkets betting exchange. Johnson continues to face an uphill battle in Westminster, having lost a succession of important votes since taking up the role of Prime Minister. …
Smarkets: A50 extension likely as DUP shuts down Boris' deal
With only two weeks to go until the UK is due to leave the European Union, the UK government this afternoon presented its withdrawal terms, yet bookmakers are sceptical of a 'Halloween departure' on 31 October as markets trade at 78% for an Article 50 extension. Online betting exchange Smarkets has reported a spike in trading this morning following the …
UK granted 'listed status' to protect movement of horses
With only 16 days to go until the Brexit deadline, the UK has been granted 'national listed status' by the European Union, which will ensure that racehorses can move across the borders in the event of a no-deal Brexit. While barriers to 'seamless' movement will still be in place, the third-country status is hoped to provide certainty for owners and …
Malta MGA publishes Brexit guidance
The Malta Gaming Authority (MGA) has published its licensee guidance on the 'impact of the UK's exit from the European Union'. Updating stakeholders, the MGA details that its Brexit guidance solely relates to affairs within its regulatory remit and that licensees should be aware of further business consequences resulting from Brexit. The MGA advises licensees to review UK and EU …
DCMS publishes gambling No Deal Brexit checklist
The Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS) has published an 8-point checklist, preparing gambling businesses and wider stakeholders for a potential No-Deal Brexit scenario. At present, the Conservative government maintains its deadline that the UK will leave all European Union institutions on 31 October, underlining that it will seek no further withdrawal negotiation extensions. This September, the government …
Tom Byrne, HBLB: Horseracing gets race-by-race betting data boost
News that five of the UK's top operators had committed to a ten-fold increase in voluntary levy to GambleAware made big news in July, but a major deal for horse racing announced the following week – involving four of the same five – passed with considerably less fanfare. Tom Byrne, Operations Manager at HBLB, tells us more. The horseracing sector …
Racing industry advised to ramp up no-deal Brexit preparations
The UK racing industry has been warned that it needs to begin making plans ahead of a potential no-deal Brexit scenario, which is expected to have a significant impact on the sector. In a note sent on behalf of the Thoroughbred Industries Brexit Steering Group, it was emphasised that 'the political situation regarding the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European …
PM tipped for further defeats says Paddy Power
As Parliament is due to be given another chance to vote for a general election on Monday, making it the second opportunity this week, Paddy Power has made it odds-on that MPs will choose to vote against an early election. Boris Johnson has faced a difficult week in Westminster, having faced a party rebellion, a number of resignations and a …
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It is no more than couple of hours to hang about for the 10th Major iDevice in service system of Apple which furthermore will consent to spring the journey in favor of iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus. Apple also makes known that the iPhone 7 series too will open on 16th of September on behalf of all those beloved users those who anxiously hold everything for. Even though the iDevice has another few days, on tomorrow we have to desire which moreover related for jailbreak iPhone 7 as well.
By the way, although Apple busily arranging the way of iOS 10 download, jailbreak developers quiet with their reveals after the demonstrate beta 8 of iOS 10 jailbreak by Luca Todesco. However, iPhone 7 is a brand new with all mechanical and systemic functions that the Company rewrites their iDevice narration. You may feel that it can use without jailbreaking since it collected many even from Cydia sources as well that collaborated install iOS 10. But it is yet to cover since Cydia sources yet offering us many more than the system.
With the outward show, it is fulfilled with no cable connection even for its headphones. And this is a water resistant also bring about a new Home button as well. Also, the company specifically focused of its uses. The camera is one of them and used brought all new techniques in 12MP, visual image equalization, 7MP FaceTime HD camera and Quad-LED True Tone spark.
And even the display too will become the brightest screen that a Smart device ever had, which included 3D touch as well. And when we just pass on its systemic provisions, it has to talk all with reference to what iOS 10 will carry you. It has many connected movements that you will be able to grab simultaneously.
While call this jailbreak iOS 10 demonstration, in the other side it is the iPhone 7 jailbreak too was another respond for the Apple bounty with no make any open discharge at all. He figure out the disclose using iOS 10 beta 8 which was previous to Golden Master version of developer and public beta testers. He highlighted many scopes that we possibly will have to face with future jailbreak appliance.
The first thing is 9.7 inches iPad Pro, which is a 64 bit processor, was the iDevice that he plays around with this guide. What's more, he noted that this too is going to be a 64bit apart application and that will carry on the equivalent form of the final jailbreak. This is the perfect expose of the breakable Kernel Patch Protection of iOS 10 install that use in testing versions to prevent system hackers.
However, in accordance with the video clip, the first ever iPhone 7 Cydia download tool too will seem to become an inject application and that has to install for the procedure. And it will bring out all the way of Pangu 9.3.3 which was a semi untethered that crashes with reboot attempts. However, with his notes of Twitter account, his discovery yet to become complete related to Cydia download iOS 10. And this must be the fixes that Saurik has to cover with his Cydia installer for iOS 10 in eventuality.
By the way, let's stay for the first ever jailbreak appliance of iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 plus and that will reach us as someday as possible. While you refer iPhone 7 concept, also check out what you missed in iOS 10 even it captured many features at this time. And guess that all dropped tweaks will be able to add with your brand new utility shortly.


Volkswagen Polo TSI ready for ABT Sportsline Exhaust System installation.
Volkswagen Polo TSI with its stock exhaust.
ABT Sportsline Exhaust System with centre pipes installed on VW Polo TSI.
Detailed view of ABT Sportsline Exhaust System and carbon fibre look rear diffuser installed on VW Polo TSI.


These models come from 24×36 inch full-color glossy poster.
I was wondering if I need to purchase or somehow print the 12 models of multiplication?
Shannon, we will refer to the models in a few activities in the course. You are welcome to print these pictures, or look at them on the screen – this page will stay up! There is a big paper poster with the models for sale, as well. Whichever option makes more sense to you!
Is it possible to purchase an electronic version of the poster and then I could print one copy for myself? Shipping to Canada is $10. Thank you.
Let me know if this helps, or if you need something else.
The original paper poster is 18 by 24 inches, more than half as tall as I am!
I'm delighted to say that I can add another model of multiplication to your list: prime factor concatenation.
This was inspired by the game Prime Climb, so I really can't take much credit for it. They use this to build a pretty multiplication table which illustrates the model nicely.
Unfortunately, this makes 13 models of multiplication, which we know doesn't allow us to create a nice array of models.
First, we do have plan to redesign the poster, something like "Even more models of multiplication" (since people suggested new ones since it came out). And the structure will be different – clustered by types of models and their relationships. I think it will come out first in our book on multiplication.
Second, we need to separate "models and models" so to speak, and find good terms for them. What we have in that poster are bridges to the physical world: how objects (arrays, reflections, stretchy things) represent multiplication. What we need to have, separately, is how we can represent multiplication by other symbolic mathematics. Repeated addition will leave the original poster and go into that second collection. So will your concatenation.
Do you know a good physical model of concatenation?
Models that can substitute for knowing multiplication facts: skip counting, repeated addition, array (maybe sets?). These are models where, if the student doesn't know a multiplication fact, they can use the model to calculate a fact.
Models that extend multiplication beyond positive integers: sets (one factor non-integer), number line (one factor non-integer), area (fractions and decimals, neither factor needs to be an integer, but both positive), scale (fractions and decimals, at least one positive factor), time and money (fractions, decimals, negatives).
Models that connect multiplication to other math: combinations (combinations), fractals (exponentiation), symmetry (geometry), scaling (geometry), area (geometry), sets (division), splitting (fractions, division).
Joshua, this is a good way to organize the poster. We are thinking of reprinting it, with a better organizational structure. Would you be interested in discussing it with me? If so, write reach.out@naturalmath.com and we can talk.
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These sweet tarts will take you high up the popularity chart. This recipe was first published in Amy Beh's column, Cook's Nook.
Soak the red dates and dried longan in the lukewarm water for 30 minutes. Place mixture into a food processor and blend into a coarse paste.
Transfer the mixture into a nonstick saucepan and cook over medium-low heat, stirring constantly. Add in soft brown sugar and salt. Cook until mixture thickens. Dish out and set aside to cool completely.
Sift flour into a mixing bowl and add salt. Add butter and cut into the flour with a pastry cutter or work with the fingers until mixture resembles breadcrumbs.
Make a well in the centre and add in water and lime juice. Mix to a firm dough then wrap the pastry in cling film and chill for about 20 minutes.
Roll out the pastry between 2 sheets of plastic wrap and cut into small rounds to fit your mini tart moulds. Press pastry carefully into the mould and trim the edges.
Prick the base of the pastry with a fork and chill in the refrigerator for 10 minutes before baking.
To bake, preheat oven at 190°C. Bake the tart cases for 10-15 minutes, until crisp and golden.
Remove from the oven and allow to cool. Unmould the pastry cases.
Spoon red dates jam into the pastry cases and serve.


When San Diego city officials launched a series of utility-rate hikes in 2007, they expected to spend more than a billion dollars on projects to shore up aging water and sewer systems rife with leaks.
Five years later, the Public Utilities Department reports completing 39 of 111 projects promised to ratepayers, and it's sitting on hundreds of millions of dollars in unspent cash, according to an analysis of city records by inewsource, a journalism nonprofit based at San Diego State University.
The buildup of funds has civic watchdogs questioning how ratepayers' money has been managed and asking whether rates should be rolled back rather than increased, a prospect the utilities department plans to study.
"You have here $630 million sitting there unused while every two weeks you hear a story about a water main breaking," said Andrew Hollingworth, a credit union executive, CPA and member of the mayor's committee overseeing use of the rate funds.
Hollingworth and others monitoring the utilities' funds say money in the bank is a missed opportunity to take advantage of low construction costs and create jobs in a slow economy.
"You have people sitting unemployed who could be employed on these projects and we really do need to fix our infrastructure and it's not happened as planned," he said.
Hollingworth, the San Diego County Taxpayers Association and Councilman Carl DeMaio, who is a member of a council committee that monitors the city's public utilities, are asking for a full accounting of the ratepayer funds before another increase is considered. The city is only now commissioning an independent audit to do just that – eight months after the conclusion of the four-year rate increases. Such studies were supposed to be an annual component of the program.
The City Council approved a series of rate increases for water and sewer services on Feb. 26, 2007. At the time, regulators were demanding that the city bolster its flagging system of pumps and pipes to stop the spills and provide a safer supply of water.
From July 1, 2005 through July 1, 2010, San Diego raised residential water rates between 16 and 22 percent a year to pay for capital improvements and to cover the increasing costs of imported supplies. That means the average residential water bill skyrocketed by between 82 and 111 percent. Sewer rates also jumped over that period, though not as dramatically.
Bailey likened the hundreds of millions in the water utility funds to a personal bank account after payday — it might seem like a lot of money until the bills are paid. "It's premature to say you have a surplus before you have completed your obligations," he said.
Water officials acknowledge they are up to two years behind schedule on some projects because the city's financial problems prevented them from accessing the public bond market. They also cited trouble ramping up the capital program because they lacked in-house engineering expertise at the start. Documents show delays for other reasons, including design changes, rebidding and permit problems.
In 2007, the Public Utilities Department projected it would spend $585 million on water capital improvements by the close of fiscal 2011. But, the department spent only $372 million on projects promised as a part of the rate increases.
Documents show the department planned to spend an additional $648 million on wastewater projects through fiscal year 2013, but has only spent about $239 million on projects related to rate increases.
The good news for ratepayers is that a down economy since 2008 has kept construction costs low. City records indicate that half of the 21 "completed" water projects came in under budget for an 18 percent savings.
The completed projects are the ones the department estimated would be the most expensive. They accounted for more than 70 percent of the projected expenditures for the rate increases.
The single biggest water project — at a cost of more than $100 million — is the replacement of 75 miles of aging, corroded cast iron pipes that account for most of the system's ruptures. That project is listed as "completed" by the city, but its own documents show only 51 miles of that kind of water main pipe have been replaced. The city did not respond to questions late last week specifically about this project.
It's a paradox that while the rest of the city struggles financially, the water and sewer funds are flush. About $214 million — from four years of rate increases and bond sales — is sitting in the water account and roughly $419 million in the sewer account. Some of it is costing money every day it goes unused. The city paid more than $100 million in interest on utility-related bonds in the last fiscal year alone, according to an official year-end audit.
Each year since 2007, the city has collected more than it spends for operating expenses and bond service by about $10 million to $25 million in the water fund, with a $25 million surplus recorded each of the past two years. On the sewer side, those surpluses were $62.7 million in 2011 and $56.8 million in 2010.
He noted a June report by the City Auditor that found several weaknesses in the city's system for managing capital projects, including water and sewer work. It faulted the city for not having a systematic way to set capital spending priorities. "Without appropriate analysis to justify projects, officials cannot ensure that capital decisions are well-supported to decision makers and the public," the auditor said.
The city's accounting is not detailed enough for city watchdogs like Hollingworth, who chairs the city's Independent Rate Oversight Committee's finance subcommittee and has experience with large, complicated projects. He managed the finances for a multi-billion-dollar capital improvement program for Los Angeles Unified School District and used to advise the state legislature on construction infrastructure programs for the Office of the Legislative Analyst.
Hollingworth said the financial reports he receives from the Public Utilities Department are fragmented and incomplete and that he has had to create his own analysis using the city's annual reports from outside auditors and bond prospectuses. He trusts those documents because material misstatements and omissions on those amount to possible violations of federal securities laws. Such a violation occurred in the mid-2000s when the city failed to disclose unfunded pension fund obligations which led to an SEC investigation.
Hollingworth has battled for his criticisms and recommendations to be included in the oversight committee's annual report, but the utilities department resisted, and some fellow committee members rejected his findings for last year's report. The latest annual report comes up for a vote by the committee Tuesday. After a couple of special meetings to hammer out differences, Hollingworth's version made it into the current draft report.
The San Diego County Taxpayers Association is exploring whether the city can legally keep rates at current levels when the increases were approved by the City Council for only four years. And it is wondering how the city can justify selling more bonds in the near future.
"If there is an execution problem, why borrow more money that immediately is going to start incurring debt until you get those issues sorted out?" asked association president Lani Lutar.
As critics demand more accountability, the Public Utilities Department is planning to produce numerous studies. In addition to an audit of rate hike funds, it will assess the condition of the water system's pipes and its 84,000 valves, as well as examine revenues plus project operating and capital expenses to determine what rates should be. It also will look at how San Diego compares to other cities for water main breaks and water loss.
Despite myriad changes and challenges, San Diego has impressed regulators. The California Department of Public Health, which oversees water supply systems, said the city has completed all of its required tasks with the exception of ongoing mandates.
Bailey, the director of Public Utilities, dismissed criticism from people outside the system – like DeMaio, a mayoral candidate.
U-T San Diego's Mike Lee contributed to this report.


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Thank you Yelp for leading me to Sweet Art by Jennifer!