text:
Q: Put a value in CDATA and get him out of there I have such a problem here: service with which I integrating, has a strange format.
takes the value:
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" >
    <soapenv:Header/>
    <soapenv:Body>
        <Operation>
            <XmlStream>
                <Name>GetPolicys</Name>
                <XML><![CDATA[
                  <Arra>

                      <LastName>---</LastName>
                      <FirstName>---</FirstName>
                      <FatherName>---</FatherName>
                      <Birthday>---</Birthday>

                  </Array>]]>
                </XML>
            </XmlStream>
        </Operation>
    </soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>

and returns
<s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
    <s:Body>
        <OperationResponse>
            <OperationResult>
                <ResultName>GetPolicys</ResultName>
                <XML><![CDATA[<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
                    <Array>

                        <LastName>----</LastName>
                        <FirstName>----</FirstName>
                        <FatherName>---</FatherName>
                        <Birthday>--</Birthday>
                        <PolicyList>
                         ----
                        </PolicyList>

                    </Array>]]>
                </XML>
            </OperationResult>
        </OperationResponse>
    </s:Body>
</s:Envelope>

create a nested message I got. As it wrapped in a CDATA? How to get it from CDATA in the preparation?

A: You can use XSLT to pick out from CDATA..


text:
The day the music died: EKU cut marching band
By Brooke Wright
Dalton Bates, a 21-year-old junior at Eastern Kentucky University, recalled the days he spent practicing with his high school marching band in Whitesburg, Kentucky. He dreamed of the day when he could experience marching on a "grander level" in college.
When he attended EKU, Bates registered to be in the Marching Colonels his first year. This year was his third year being in the marching band and second year as the section leader of the mellophones and alto saxophones. For his last year in the band, Bates planned on auditioning for drum major, but he will no longer get that chance.
EKU has experienced a $25 million shortfall with recent budget cuts, according to the EKU budget information website. To alleviate this deficit, the university decided to eliminate its marching band.
"I can't put into words how important this program is to me," Bates said in an email. "We learned together, we grew together, sometimes we failed together, but we more often persevered and succeeded together. These are all lessons and experiences hard to come by outside of a community like the Marching Colonels while in college."
Recent budget cuts to higher education in Kentucky have triggered worry for college music departments across the state.
According to the Kentucky operating budget for fiscal year 2018, postsecondary education suffered a loss of just under $11 million from last year's budget.
Michael Benson, president at EKU, said on the budget information website that the EKU Budget Advisory Committee developed a strategic plan to close the university's Danville, Kentucky campus, eliminate some administrative roles, and suspend some academic programs to help with the $25 million loss.
EKU's School of Music recently saw these changes to their department with the loss of the marching band.
Timothy Wiggins, associate director of bands at EKU, said the university is trying its best to keep the core beliefs of the program in mind.
"The university has taken thoughtful and deliberate steps to preserve the core mission of its different units that produce quality and career-ready majors," he said in an email. "Our School of Music is a vibrant community of professionals that support its primary mission of supplying excellent music educators to the commonwealth and region."
A letter was sent to the music department faculty and students on April 10 about the elimination of the marching band. In the letter, Jeremy Mulholland, music department chair at EKU, said the marching band would no longer perform at football games and the athletic department would oversee the music. He also said EKU's athletic bands would be restructured similarly to another university, The University of Tennessee at Martin.
According to Julie Hill, music department chair at UT Martin, the marching band requires little time commitment to accommodate students as practices are once a week and help them prepare a halftime show for home football games. (UT Martin is not experiencing a budget deficit like many Kentucky colleges, though, according to their proposed budget analysis.)
Wiggins said marching band requires a lot of funding EKU is unable to provide.
"The reality of the Marching Colonels is that it needs significant funding to operate and replace capital equipment that is at the end of its lifespan," Wiggins said in an email. "In addition, we were requiring each music education major to participate in marching band for three full years, which limited other activities for those students and restricted our curriculum."
Wiggins said EKU's goal with the elimination of the marching band was to still preserve its mission within the School of Music.
"This decision will provide new opportunities for majors to obtain more specific instruction regarding how to teach athletic bands in Kentucky high schools through coursework and clinical partnerships with local high schools," he said.
According to an article by Jason P. Cumberledge in the online journal "Update: Applications of Research in Music Education," regarding the benefits of marching band for students, "band participation provides a means for social interaction and self-expression at a critical period in students' lives."
The article also states students gain educational benefits from marching band, "such as lessons in cooperation, leadership, responsibility, and mental discipline by enabling students to assume leadership roles and practice teaching and decision-making skills."
Wiggins said marching band lets students extend their reaches to others as well as other majors.
"This is the purpose of "arts" in my mind," he said in an email. "To help us feel, and build connections between humans on a level that extends beyond words."
Jeff Bright, associate director of bands at Western Kentucky University, said he believes marching band allows students to get to know themselves.
"It takes a lot of discipline to practice and patience to stick with it," he said. "Marching band gives students the ability to collaborate with others in a fun environment. I think it is very cool to see the growth of students in this activity."
Bright also said he loved seeing the camaraderie between students.
"My favorite part is when rehearsal is getting started," he said. "Seeing students coming from different parts of campus bring so much energy– I don't know how to describe it– is a unique experience," he said. "Seeing everyone come together for a musical activity is the coolest thing ever."
The EKU School of Music was not the only music department to suffer a loss of funds. Bright said WKU lost some funds due to the university's current budget deficit.
"We have two revenue sources for the marching band," Bright said. "We have a spirit fee where every student pays $1 to $2 for WKU bands, cheer and dance, and we get $100,000 from Conference USA, which is supposed to be directed toward academics. We lost that this year, but I don't think anything else is going to be cut."
The WKU Big Red Marching Band provides its members with a semester stipend based on their year in school. Despite the loss of funds, the stipend recently increased due to a request from the budget director at WKU for Bright to write a proposal for this increase.
"The whole idea behind it was if we up the scholarship a little, that will bring more students to campus and bring more tuition dollars," Bright said. "Over 70 percent of people in the marching band major in something other than music. We have over 60 different majors represented. This kind of activity doesn't just affect the marching band. It affects other [majors] across campus, too."
Dana Biggs, director of athletic bands at the University of Kentucky, said the university is fortunate to have not received cuts because of their band's funding sources.
"We have a strong alumni base, a very supportive athletic department, and an administration that sees the value of fielding a marching band, not only for the university and the community, but also for our students," he said.
Despite EKU's loss of the marching band, Wiggins said the university supports the music department fully.
"We are not reducing the number of faculty," he said in an email. "I believe that while change is difficult, it does provide opportunities to provide the university and music education students with a model that can better align with the mission of preparing Kentucky's workforce for the future."
Wiggins said if budget times were better, the department would like to have a stipend for the marching band students. Wiggins said the stipend would "offset the time [students] give up on evenings and weekends, when they might otherwise be working."
The EKU Marching Colonels have started a fundraising campaign to raise $250,000, which would allow the marching band to function as its own entity. They have raised $5,949 so far.
Wiggins said the funds will help the marching band acquire new uniforms as well as equipment, which are in need of replacing.
"The fundraiser will help in setting up the Marching Colonels to do the job well and succeed as an organization that supports its members, as well as the university," he said.
Published by wkujour
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Brooke Wright, Enterprise Story, Quick Reads, Trend
band, eku, eku marching band, Kentucky, marching band, music education, UK, WKU
A Crisis in the Commonwealth: The Opioid Epidemic
Bowling Green residents battle nationwide drug epidemic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am very excited to present The 8th annual Top Ten readers choice for the past year. We truly have some of the best cooks on the planet that are a part of the blogging community for Miz Helen's Kitchen and your recipe list for this year is awesome. Some of my very favorites are on the list and many thanks for your participation with this blog throughout the year. I know that some of you have been here for 8 years right along with me and some of you are new, so to all of you who have helped make this year so successful, many thanks and God Bless You!
I sure hope that all of you had a fantastic Christmas and Hanukkah season, our holidays were wonderful! We spent time with family and friends plus enjoyed lots of delicious food. Now we get to bring in the new year with all of you as we make meal plan's for the last few days of 2018 and kick off 2019 with some traditional Good Luck Foods!
When the Christmas decorations are in place, each ornament hung with remembrance and love, its then time to sit quietly and reflect on the great love that has made this celebration possible, the birth of the Christ Child. I reflect on the joy on the faces of the friends and family laughing and enjoying the fellowship of the season and those who have passed on through the years and are no longer with us. All those wonderful people in our life passed this tradition on to us, and now it is time to pass it on to the friends and family that are with us today.
We are so excited for this Christmas season, all the delicious food and fellowship to be shared with friends and family. I love making the meal plan for this week with the special foods for the celebrations of Christmas. We have several traditional recipes that will be included in the meal plan this week, all those family favorites that we all love.
Welcome to Full Plate Thursday, come in and enjoy the Christmas festivities! We will have many wonderful warm drinks to sip and many delicious recipes to try. One of the many things I enjoy about the Christmas season is spending time with friends like all of you, I look forward to your visits every week when we gather together for good food and fellowship. Thanks so much for joining in and being a part of this fantastic blogging community!
We love to entertain our friends and family and that means I need to have a great little appetizer that is easy and always crowd pleasing. Our Sweet Potato Sausage Balls do just that, this is a recipe that can come out of the freezer and be on the table in no time. The flavors in this sausage ball are a blend of American cuisine, with a vegetable,and a little heat in the back of your mouth, just wait for it. Our cottage visitors just love this recipe!
We often times have weekend brunch here at the cottage which happens to be a gathering place for friends and family on the weekend. We are a short walk to the lake along a lovely country road, so it is a great get away for city folks. A great brunch casserole is always a big hit with the crowd and easy for me to prepare so I can spend more time with guest. This Tex Mex Casserole recipe is just one of those favorites that we get special request for, it is delicious! It has a blend of Tex Mex ingredients and is topped off with a great garnish of our homemade hot salsa and sour cream, it really doesn't get much better than this. The casserole is a make a head recipe that can be frozen for up to 3 months after cooking and is a winner at any meal.
Just one more week before Christmas and we are busy! Making meal plans this time of the year is so important for saving time and money. We are entertaining here at the cottage several times in the next couple of weeks so it will be very important to have the meal plan in addition to the flow chart for the parties. We are looking forward to enjoying every minute of the festivities!
Only 12 days til Christmas and so much to do, so many wonderful recipes to try, so much fun! I love the excitement of the season and all the activities, especially the amazing food that we enjoy at all the functions. That food all starts with great recipes from bloggers like you who have worked hard in your kitchens to perfect the award winning recipes that you bring here every week. We have some great features from last week that you will want to check out with wonderful time saving ideas and delicious flavors! It sure is good to see you here today and thanks so much for stopping by!
One of the special projects that I really enjoy at Christmas is giving my homemade gifts from the kitchen. I remember through the years that the homemade gifts I have received are always so precious to me, because I know how much love goes into the planning and preparation of the gift. It gives me more joy than you will know to be able to give a gift from my kitchen and I am sharing with you some of the gifts that I will be giving this year. My wish would be that I could share one of these gifts with each of you, because you'al are so very special to me.
We can and preserve much of the harvest from our garden every year and we love to share those products with our friends and family. Through the years we have shared an abundant garden harvest and it gives us much joy to do so. Every year we like to make a very special canned good to share at Christmas with friends and family. This year we have made this beautiful Cranberry Jelly. What could be better at Christmas than a nice jar of Cranberry Jelly. This Jelly is delicious and can be paired with meats, poultry, and great with vegetables. We have been enjoying it with our sour dough bread and toasted bagels. It is a great jelly and providing we have some left by Christmas, we will be sharing a jar or two.
We have enjoyed a little slower pace this week and starting to enjoy the fruits of our decorating labor for Christmas. I just love it when we get all the decorations finished and sit by the fire with a nice cup of cider to just enjoy the cottage. I am excited to make the meal plan this week as one of my friends will be coming to the cottage and has requested a special recipe, I just love it when my family and friends want something special on the plan. I need to get started on this plan while my cider is still hot.
We have been getting some great carrots from the garden they are so fresh and tender. The fall garden vegetables have been great this year and I have had fun developing new recipes. I used a really different spice with this sheet pan recipe and it is delicious. I didn't have many carrots for the recipe so the next time I make it I will double the recipe, it was that good!


Walk around the second annual Posh Squash at Nativity School and be dazzled by a world of glass. You'll find not only the stars of the show — glass pumpkins — but other produce, apples, corn, eggplant and pears. The event runs today through 5:00 pm and tomorrow from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.
This year's participating artists include Gigi Erickson, Doug Brown, Mike Shaw, Lionel Chapital, Glass Diva, Shelly & Ken Monfort, Jonathan Yao, and CHAOS Glassworks.


text:
/*
 * ecs
 *
 * ECS Open API
 *
 */

package model

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"k8s.io/autoscaler/cluster-autoscaler/cloudprovider/huaweicloud/huaweicloud-sdk-go-v3/core/converter"
	"strings"
)

// 云服务器对应数据盘相关配置。
type PrePaidServerDataVolume struct {
	// 云服务器数据盘对应的磁盘类型,需要与系统所提供的磁盘类型相匹配。  磁盘类型枚举值:  - SATA:普通IO磁盘类型。 - SAS:高IO磁盘类型。 - SSD:超高IO磁盘类型。 - co-p1:高IO (性能优化Ⅰ型) - uh-l1:超高IO (时延优化)磁盘类型。  > 说明: >  > 对于HANA云服务器、HL1型云服务器、HL2型云服务器,需使用co-p1和uh-l1两种磁盘类型。对于其他类型的云服务器,不能使用co-p1和uh-l1两种磁盘类型。
	Volumetype PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype `json:"volumetype"`
	// 数据盘大小,容量单位为GB,输入大小范围为[10,32768]。
	Size int32 `json:"size"`
	// 是否为共享磁盘。true为共享盘,false为普通云硬盘。  > 说明: >  > 该字段已废弃,请使用multiattach。
	Shareable *bool `json:"shareable,omitempty"`
	// 创建共享磁盘的信息。  - true:创建的磁盘为共享盘。 - false:创建的磁盘为普通云硬盘。  > 说明: >  > shareable当前为废弃字段,如果确实需要同时使用shareable字段和multiattach字段,此时,请确保两个字段的参数值相同。当不指定该字段时,系统默认创建普通云硬盘。
	Multiattach *bool `json:"multiattach,omitempty"`
	// 数据卷是否使用SCSI锁。  - true表示云硬盘的设备类型为SCSI类型,即允许ECS操作系统直接访问底层存储介质。支持SCSI锁命令。 - false表示云硬盘的设备类型为VBD (虚拟块存储设备 , Virtual Block Device)类型,即为默认类型,VBD只能支持简单的SCSI读写命令。 - 该字段不存在时,云硬盘默认为VBD类型。  > 说明: >  > 此参数为boolean类型,若传入非boolean类型字符,程序将按照【false】方式处理。
	Hwpassthrough *bool                               `json:"hw:passthrough,omitempty"`
	Extendparam   *PrePaidServerDataVolumeExtendParam `json:"extendparam,omitempty"`
	// 云服务器数据盘对应的磁盘存储类型。 磁盘存储类型枚举值: DSS:专属存储类型
	ClusterType *PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterType `json:"cluster_type,omitempty"`
	// 数据镜像的ID,UUID格式。
	ClusterId *string                          `json:"cluster_id,omitempty"`
	Metadata  *PrePaidServerDataVolumeMetadata `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
	// 数据镜像的ID,UUID格式。  如果使用数据盘镜像创建数据盘,则data_image_id为必选参数,且不支持使用metadata。
	DataImageId *string `json:"data_image_id,omitempty"`
}

func (o PrePaidServerDataVolume) String() string {
	data, _ := json.Marshal(o)
	return strings.Join([]string{"PrePaidServerDataVolume", string(data)}, " ")
}

type PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype struct {
	value string
}

type PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetypeEnum struct {
	SATA  PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype
	SAS   PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype
	SSD   PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype
	GPSSD PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype
	CO_P1 PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype
	UH_L1 PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype
}

func GetPrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetypeEnum() PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetypeEnum {
	return PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetypeEnum{
		SATA: PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype{
			value: "SATA",
		},
		SAS: PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype{
			value: "SAS",
		},
		SSD: PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype{
			value: "SSD",
		},
		GPSSD: PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype{
			value: "GPSSD",
		},
		CO_P1: PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype{
			value: "co-p1",
		},
		UH_L1: PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype{
			value: "uh-l1",
		},
	}
}

func (c PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	return json.Marshal(c.value)
}

func (c *PrePaidServerDataVolumeVolumetype) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
	myConverter := converter.StringConverterFactory("string")
	if myConverter != nil {
		val, err := myConverter.CovertStringToInterface(strings.Trim(string(b[:]), "\""))
		if err == nil {
			c.value = val.(string)
			return nil
		}
		return err
	} else {
		return errors.New("convert enum data to string error")
	}
}

type PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterType struct {
	value string
}

type PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterTypeEnum struct {
	DSS PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterType
}

func GetPrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterTypeEnum() PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterTypeEnum {
	return PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterTypeEnum{
		DSS: PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterType{
			value: "DSS",
		},
	}
}

func (c PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterType) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	return json.Marshal(c.value)
}

func (c *PrePaidServerDataVolumeClusterType) UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error {
	myConverter := converter.StringConverterFactory("string")
	if myConverter != nil {
		val, err := myConverter.CovertStringToInterface(strings.Trim(string(b[:]), "\""))
		if err == nil {
			c.value = val.(string)
			return nil
		}
		return err
	} else {
		return errors.New("convert enum data to string error")
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Linker error, but only on test files Here's a screen capture of my app. I'm using UIKit to create a PDF from some of the app data. I get no errors on the app itself but in the test section I get a bunch of them that look like  the app can't find some CoreGraphics references. But CG is being imported in Tests.h... I can run the app, on simulator and device with no problems. Any idea what is causing this?
To add a little more to this: I imported the class where I am making the PDF into another application and I am not getting the errors there, so that's good. So any ideas what could be happening? (And yes, the libraries are in my app)

A: It is being imported but not linked. You need to link the CoreGraphics framework:
Importing a class header A into class B allows class B to know what public API (variables, properties and methods) in class A can be used by other classes and that is why you do not get any errors until you compile.
When you compile, you need the actual code (.m file if you will) to be able to execute the calls that class B is doing to class A variables, properties and methods. That code resides in the libraries/ frameworks you link to your project. Your code with the linked libraries together become the final compiled code.
Here is what you need to do:

*

*Single click on your project (top left of the navigator)

*Select your Target project

*Click on the "Build Phases" tab

*Click on "Link Binary with Libraries"

*Add CoreGraphics.framework

That should solve it.

A: I solved it. I removed the libraries, reinstalled them and did a clean and that seemed to fix the issue.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


2. Prepare chicken for stuffing by tenderizing with a kitchen mallet.
3. Lay chicken flat and brush olive oil on both sides. Sprinkle both sides of chicken with garlic powder.
4. Add in feta cheese and spinach to center of chicken.
5. Roll chicken around mixture (kinda like a taco) and secure with a toothpick.
6. Roll each breast in saltine crumbs until well coated.
7. Place in glass baking dish and pour butter over them.
8. Cook for 30 minutes and serve.


Bats fly out of Phnom Sampeau bat cave at dusk; Pan to follow bats; Battambang, Cambodia; slow motion.
Weimaraner is coming out of a red tunnel and follow its owner. Grey vizsla running slow motion.
Miniature schnauzer dog is coming out of tunnel and following its owner. Dog and owner running in slow motion.


text:
Populism and the rule of recognition: challenging the foundations of democratic legal systems
Adamidis, V. ORCID: 0000-0001-6347-5327, 2020. Populism and the rule of recognition: challenging the foundations of democratic legal systems. Populism. ISSN 2588-8064 (Forthcoming)
1393028_Adamidis.pdf - Accepted version
By reference to the impact of populism on the foundational rules of democratic legal systems, the paper explores the interconnectedness of two "essentially contested concepts",1 democracy2 and populism,3 and their relationship with another ambiguous concept, the rule of law. 4 The main argument is that populism aims to amend the democratic rule of recognition, the most important 'rule about rules' upon which a legal system is founded. This has not been rigorously studied so far, despite its significance for a holistic conceptualisation of populism and for the analysis of its relationship with democracy. For, the rule of recognition provides a relatively stable point of reference for measuring the effect of populism on democracy.
Adamidis, V.
Brill Academic Publishers
Schools > Nottingham Law School


Business and Self Storage go hand in hand. Businesses look to us to increase their inventory space while reducing the cost of storage. Renting a warehouse is a very costly endeavor, usually accompanied with long term contracts. Using Self Storage for business will get you ahead of the competition. Contact us to talk to a storage expert about your business today.
Use Self Storage to grow your business and take your profits to new heights. We are here for you every step of the way.
We know that inventory storage costs are a problem for both small and large business. At Stop and Store Dillsburg we will work with you to help manage your inventory and it's storage costs.
If you are a contractor or tradesmen you know the importance of having your tools on hand and kept safe. At Stop and Store Dillsburg we are a central location for your tools and your team. Grab your tools in the morning and drop them off when you are done, we will keep them safe.
We know that businesses are constantly growing. At Stop and Store Dillsburg we will grow with your business. If you need a large space for a growing inventory we will switch you over. With month to month contracts you can rent more space as you need it and stop when you don't.
If you are a seasonal business then you know the challenges with inventory. At Stop and Store Dillsburg we have low long term rates for business storage. No more paying excessive long term business storage costs. Take control over seasonal inventory.


text:
<?php namespace Backend\Behaviors;

use System\Behaviors\SettingsModel;
use Backend\Models\UserPreference;

/**
 * User Preferences model extension, identical to System\Behaviors\SettingsModel
 * except values are set against the logged in user's preferences via Backend\Models\UserPreference
 *
 * Add this the model class definition:
 *
 *     public $implement = ['Backend.Behaviors.UserPreferencesModel'];
 *     public $settingsCode = 'author.plugin::code';
 *     public $settingsFields = 'fields.yaml';
 *
 */
class UserPreferencesModel extends SettingsModel
{
    /**
     * @var array Internal cache of model objects.
     */
    private static $instances = [];

    /**
     * Constructor
     */
    public function __construct($model)
    {
        parent::__construct($model);

        $this->model->setTable('backend_user_preferences');
    }

    /**
     * Create an instance of the settings model, intended as a static method
     */
    public function instance()
    {
        if (isset(self::$instances[$this->recordCode])) {
            return self::$instances[$this->recordCode];
        }

        if (!$item = $this->getSettingsRecord()) {
            $this->model->initSettingsData();
            $item = $this->model;
        }

        return self::$instances[$this->recordCode] = $item;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the model has been set up previously, intended as a static method
     */
    public function isConfigured()
    {
        return $this->getSettingsRecord() !== null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the raw Model record that stores the settings.
     * @return Model
     */
    public function getSettingsRecord()
    {
        $item = UserPreference::forUser();
        $record = $item
            ->scopeApplyKeyAndUser($this->model, $this->recordCode, $item->userContext)
            ->remember(1440, $this->getCacheKey())
            ->first();

        return $record ?: null;
    }

    /**
     * Before the model is saved, ensure the record code is set
     * and the jsonable field values
     */
    public function beforeModelSave()
    {
        $preferences = UserPreference::forUser();
        list($namespace, $group, $item) = $preferences->parseKey($this->recordCode);
        $this->model->item = $item;
        $this->model->group = $group;
        $this->model->namespace = $namespace;
        $this->model->user_id = $preferences->userContext->id;

        if ($this->fieldValues) {
            $this->model->value = $this->fieldValues;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a key is legitimate or should be added to
     * the field value collection
     */
    protected function isKeyAllowed($key)
    {
        /*
         * Let the core columns through
         */
        if ($key == 'namespace' || $key == 'group') {
            return true;
        }

        return parent::isKeyAllowed($key);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a cache key for this record.
     */
    protected function getCacheKey()
    {
        $item = UserPreference::forUser();
        $userId = $item->userContext ? $item->userContext->id : 0;
        return $this->recordCode.'-userpreference-'.$userId;
    }
}


The item Plant, cell & environment, (electronic resource) represents a specific, individual, material embodiment of a distinct intellectual or artistic creation found in University of Missouri-St. Louis Libraries.
Print began with v. 1, no. 1 (Mar. 1978).


text:
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Solutions of the Examples Appended to a Treatise on the Motion of a Rigid Body
William Nathaniel Griffin
BiblioBazaar, 23 may. 2016
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Título Solutions of the Examples Appended to a Treatise on the Motion of a Rigid Body
Autor William Nathaniel Griffin
Edición ilustrada, reimpresa
Editor BiblioBazaar, 2016


text:
Barcelona Champions League
'Madrid disappointed not to win La Liga'
By livio - 31 May 2016, 12:00
Andres Iniesta claims Real Madrid are "disappointed" not to have won La Liga, despite their Champions League triumph on Saturday.
Madrid won a record-breaking 11th European cup at the weekend as they defeated Atletico on penalties after a 1-1 draw in-game, but their wait for a League title was extended to four years following Barca's back-to-back successes in 2014-15 and 15-16.
"This isn't about a single match or Madrid winning the Champions League," the midfielder told Cadena SER.
"This goes beyond any game or competition. We celebrate our own [victories], we're happy with our successes and disappointed with our defeats, as they are.
"They won the Champions League but will be disappointed not to have won the League.
"The fans and us, as a team, should be very proud of the season we've had. Of course, defending the Champions League was important, but next season we'll fight again.
"No club have won twice it in a row, so it shows how difficult it is to win [the CL]. The evaluation of our season should be very good.
"We watched the Champions League final in Austria. It was exciting, especially for the lottery of penalties.
"Penalties are a cruel way to decide the winner of the Champions League, but it's not unfair.
"I haven't been able to congratulate my Madrid colleagues yet because I haven't seen them and they have a week off.
"One rejoices in the successes of [one's colleagues in the national team]. I hate to wish anything bad on anyone because things can ultimately backfire on you."
Tags Andres Iniesta
Andres Iniesta to miss four months of action due to injury
16 December 2020, 9:38
Barcelona and Real Madrid legends dominate Everton midfielder's dream XI
Lionel Messi sends emotional message to Javier Mascherano upon his retirement


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Of all the application suites of its type, none has proven quite so problematic as the one made by Adobe, and today we bring news of a major update.A new major release of Adobe Acrobat and Reader for Windows, Windows Phone 8 or iOS has been announced which includes many enhancements, bug fixes, and even the inclusion of a feature Adobe has called the 'Common Core' which aims to make using Adobe products easier.
The two Adobe Acrobat apps have been separated into 2 different apps, Reader for reading the documents, and Acrobat DC for creating new PDF documents and editing existing ones. Adobe Acrobat DC will also include a feature that will allow for more visibility of overlays and annotations, and a new feature called Link Rendering will allow for the full integration of Acrobat files into other office suites.
While most of these features will initially be available only to the Windows version, a beta has been made available for the other platform versions. Adobe have also announced that they will be releasing a version of their Access database application, the Access Tabular model, for iOS, and Windows Phone 8 in the future.
Finally, Adobe has announced a free tool called Adobe Sumo that will work alongside their own products, allowing the conversion of hundreds of Microsoft Office documents into a.DOCX file for use with the newer products. Sumo can also convert the new Office Open XML format to a.DOCX document.
The new Adobe Acrobat and Reader products will be released sometime in mid to late October.
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Grinder was a hilarious new sitcom that, unfortunately, was cancelled to soon! A new intellectual property of this calibre somewhat reminded me of the Arrested Development... The short run of this show - all 22 episodes of it - should be cherished!
Writing a review for a comedy is difficult - mostly because sense of humour is truly subjective; this makes judging a comedy significantly harder than a drama. The writing of the show, particularly the double entendres, was consistently good throughout the season. The two leads, Rob Lowe and Fred Savage, have great chemistry with each other. Rob Lowe's deadpan delivery cracked me up almost every time. He plays the titular character, Mitchard Grinder, who is a smart yet oblivious character-actor trying to transfer what he learned on TV to real life. His younger brother, Stewart Sanderson, is a small town lawyer who is the polar opposite of Rob Lowe's character. These two play off of each other brilliantly. The rest of the cast are interesting too, but of course do not shine as bright as Rob Lowe and Fred Savage.
The writers need to be commended as well. They played the long game - somewhat similar to the Arrested Development. There were simple plot points that payed off after 5-6 episodes, which made the payoff more gratifying.
Seeing this brilliant show cancelled is really upsetting. I sincerely hope that Netflix or Amazon would pick it up for more seasons. Even if they don't, this single season is self-contained. I would give it a 9/10.


This is one of the most handiest fittings imaginable for extending your other fittings via this new extender. No serious water cooling installer should be without a hand full of these babies!
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Family owned Olympus Flowers have been growing freshly cut flowers for the last 25 years. Chris Georgopoulos grows the flowers in hot houses on his property in Virginia.
Chris is very passionate about what he does. Olympus sells a variety of freshly cut flowers including carnations and gerberas. But Chris's signature flower is lisianthus, which makes up 90% of their plantings.
Lisianthus is a seasonal flower, so it is only available from October to April-May.
You will find the Olympus Flower stall outside the pavilion at the Adelaide Farmers' Market every Sunday.


The reason for this is because once you complete the story once, the replay value is not very high.
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Episode 30 of the OMPodcast is now available for download from iTunes, via direct feed, or direct download (audio file).
In this very exciting podcast, Pete Talbot (Visual Design Lead) is joined by Keith Smyth (Android Team Lead), Danny Gorog (Director/Co-founder) and special guest, Marc Edwards from Bjango, to discuss the challenges involved in UI design for a rapidly growing number of devices.
With so many new devices on the market, from the iMac 5K to the new iPhones, Apple Watch and Nexus 6, Marc talks about his experience working through these changes over the last ten years, gives us some tips about the best tools on the market, and even shares his thoughts on the Apple Watch. Marc also talks about an exciting new tool that they're working on.
Marc is the Director and Lead Designer at Bjango and a regular podcaster himself on the Iterate Podcast.


text:
How I Came To Krsna Consciousness by Jnana Dasa
Nov 1, 1980 | How I Came to Krsna Consciousness, Jnana Dasa, Volume-15 Number-11
"I finished the school year, bade farewell to my family, girlfriend, and other intimates, and set off for Japan to practice Zen in earnest." By the grace of my spiritual master, His Divine Grace AC. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, I would... read more
Evolution Or Production? by Jnana Dasa
Sep 1, 1979 | Discussion, Jnana Dasa, Science and Religion, Volume-14 Number-09
Scientific Views/ The Bhaktivedanta Institute New insights about an old debate. JNANA DASA earned his M.A. in chemistry at Wadham College, Oxford, and his Postgraduate Certificate of Education at London University. For four years he taught science at the secondary... read more


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Oriental Turtle-Dove: This species is native to Siberian taiga habitats, and occurs accidentally on Vancouver Island. It is also a casual visitor to the western Aleutian Islands and elsewhere in the Bering Sea. Southern populations are residents, but northern birds are migratory. Its preferred habitats include both deciduous and coniferous forests.
Oriental Turtle-Dove: Two white or pale yellow eggs are laid in a large nest made of twigs and small branches, usually built on a low tree branch. Incubation ranges from 17 to 21 days and is carried out by the female.
Oriental Turtle-Dove: Feeds on various seeds; forages on the ground.
Oriental Turtle-Dove: Call is a four-syllable "her-her-oo-oo."
Oriental Turtle-Dove: European Turtle-Dove is smaller, has pinker breast, and is grayer overall.


text:
Q: Mongoose does not save Numbers as decimals What I'm trying to save on my DB are Numbers ending with .nn.
Model:
var invoiceSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
  n: { type: String, default: '' },
  note: { type: String, default: '' },
  customer: {
    name: { type: String, default: '' },
    address: { type: String, default: '' }
  },
  values: [{
    quantity: Number,
    pu: { type: Number },
    service: String,
    description: String,
    tva: Number,
    tva10: { type: Number },
    tva20: { type: Number },
    montantHT: { type: Number },
    totalTTC: { type: Number }
  }]
}, { timestamps: true });

Data I'm passing for pu, tva10, tva20, montantHT, totalTTC is this (checked on logs):
2835.00
2577.27
0
257.73
189.00

Data saved on MongoDB is this:
2835
2577.270000
0
257.730000
189

What I tried so far is to add:
montantHT: { type: Number, set: toDecimal }

---

function toDecimal (val) { return parseFloat(val.toFixed(2)); }

Nothing happen, it simply continue to return what it wish...
I also tried to add currency:
montantHT: { type: Number, currency: "EUR" }

Even here, nothing happen...
How can I simply save what I pass or how can I convert my Number to end with .nn?
EDIT:
For those people that not knowing how to answer a question prefer to vote for closing and search for other similar question (don't you have nothing else to do?):
Following those link to the "similar" question (that I already visited before posting) do nothing. It simply return my numbers multiplied by 100.
What I need is to format my Numbers like: 100.00, 100.35, etc... not 100 or 100.823768.
Can someone answer how to save those kind of Double in MongoDB? Thanks


The first week of December was Computer Science Week. An excellent opportunity to recognize how programming and programmers have changed our lives. Part of CSW was Hour of Code, created to expose students to coding and computer science concepts. Last year a few classrooms in our building participated in Hour of Code. This year my co-worker and I worked to schedule Hour of Code sessions with every student in SK through 7th grade. It was a busy couple of weeks for us, but we were excited to plan out such a range of activities.
Due to the number of actual classes and the various division-wide activities, we had to split it over two weeks. So, what did we do? Below are descriptions of what we did with each grade level, followed by a link to resources we shared with families. If you haven't participated in Hour of Code these ideas are a great way to get started!
SK (Senior Kindergarten…think Kindergarten): SK students participated in two different activities that revolved around BeeBots. BeeBots are small, simple robots that young children can program. SK students learned about the BeeBots through the BeeBot app and followed that up with using the actual BeeBots to travel to the various planets SKers had learned about during their Solar System unit.
1st Grade: 1st grade students engaged in an hour of code by being PeopleBots. PeopleBots are a people representation of the BeeBots used in SK and perviously by 1st grade. As peopleBots the 1st graders proacticed giving and receiving directions to make their way around obstacles. Following their PeopleBot activity, students learned about Kodable, an app and website that teaches elementary progamming.
2nd Grade: 2nd graders began with the PeopleBot activity to review how to give and receive directions. After that, the 2nd graders used Scratch Jr. to complete an introductory activity and create their own animated story.
During each SK through 2nd grade classes I began with a staged situation in which I had missed lunch or ate lunch so long ago and needed help making a snack. I had soy nut butter, jelly, bread, a napkin, plate and knife. I asked each class to direct me in making a soy nut butter and jelly snadwich. Needless to say, by the end of the week the bread was stale and I had my fill of soy nut butter sandwiches. Kudos to all my kiddos, because most of them did a really good job of walking me through making my sandwich.
3rd Grade: 3rd graders completed an non-tech programming activity called Graph Paper Programming. In this activity students paired off; one being the programmer and one being a "robot." The programmer wrote a programm designed to guide the "robot" through coloring in squares on a graph. Once completed, the "robot" followed the program to recreate the drawing. Following the non-tech activity, 3rd graders worked their way through the BotLogic website.
4th Grade: Like the 3rd graders, 4th graders started with Graph Paper Programming. Following that, students were introduced to Code Monkey, a website that asks students to type lines of code to complete challenges.
5th through 7th Grade: In each class we had discussions about what coding/programming is and why someone would learn to program. Most revolved around the idea that the students wouldn't be able to do much of what they do now without someone to create the program. Following our discussions, students were introduced to the site Code Combat, which teaches Python or Java Script through a game. Students must type the code to battle ogers or protect villagers.
Code Combat was my favorite coding activity. Before I could engage my students I had to know what they would be doing. So, I had to spend time working through the challenges. It's a tough job, but someone has to do it.
Overall, our Hour of Code went really well, engaged students, and opened their eyes to the joy of programming. You can see some of the resources we share with families HERE.


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An insurance company does not have a duty to defend or provide liability and underinsured motorist coverage to the family of a young child who died of hyperthermia after her father accidentally left her in the backseat of his truck while he was at work, the South Carolina Court of Appeals ruled.
Brief / December 20, 2019
COLUMBIA, S.C. – An insurance company does not have a duty to defend or provide liability and underinsured motorist coverage to the family of a young child who died of hyperthermia after her father accidentally left her in the backseat of his truck while he was at work, the South Carolina Court of Appeals ruled.
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text:
package com.sogou.bizdev.compass.sample.jdbctemplate.masterslave.test;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests;

import com.sogou.bizdev.compass.sample.common.po.Account;
import com.sogou.bizdev.compass.sample.jdbctemplate.masterslave.service.AccountService;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath*:/conf/jdbctemplate/test-masterslave-*.xml","classpath*:/datasource/masterslave/test-masterslave-*.xml" })
public class AccountServiceTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringContextTests {

    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(AccountServiceTest.class);

	@Test
	public void testGetAccount() {

		AccountService accountService = (AccountService)applicationContext.getBean("accountService", AccountService.class);
		Account a = accountService.getAccountById(274280L);
		System.out.println(a);
	}

}


Increasing numbers of cars come without spare wheels. Sometimes this is because the car manufacturer has fitted 'run flat' tyres and considers a spare wheel unnecessary, sometimes it's because the spare wheel is either missing or in need of repair itself.
The RAC attends around 250,000 tyre-related incidents every year and has found that cars increasingly do not have functional spare wheels – usually for one of the reasons I mentioned above.
In this situation, a problem arises. The RAC patrol can't change the wheel – because there isn't a good spare – but they can't tow the car to a tyre centre either, because of the flat tyre.
The result is that a recovery truck has to be called for to take the car to the nearest tyre fitting centre- usually with a wait of around one hour. This is a big delay for the driver and a big cost for the RAC.
To solve this problem, RAC patrols now carry a multi-fit spare wheel that can be fitted (temporarily) to almost any car. This enables the RAC patrol van to tow the car to the nearest tyre-fitting centre for a new tyre – even when the car doesn't have a spare wheel.
The RAC believes that this will save its members a total of around 2,000 hours per month – getting them fixed and moving again much faster. It sounds like a good idea to me – and one added benefit that the RAC hasn't mentioned must be a reduction in CO2 emissions – with fewer journeys by tow trucks required.


The show takes the central idea of sending Cole back in time in an effort to save humanity – and proceeds from there. X-Men star Aaron Stanford stars as Cole while Amanda Schull takes on the role of Cassandra Railly.
I may not be raging and wanting to gouge my eyes out at having seen the trailer, it also doesn't inspire much excitement. That said, who doesn't love a conspiracy theory/dystopic future story? I'm cautiously optimistic.
12 Monkeys will premiere on Syfy in January 2015.
I like many had high hopes for SYFY back in the dim mists of time. It's had some good shows and some worthy efforts. I'm afraid this will not rate in either category. This deeply saddens me.


An examination of the partnership between Jimmy Iovine and Dr. Dre - one the son of a Brooklyn longshoreman, the other straight out of Compton - and their leading roles in a chain of transformative events in contemporary culture.
Though the title implies it offers a remake of a 1958 Tony Curtis movie, instead 2017�s The Defiant Ones gives us a documentary about the music business. In particular, it focuses on the dual careers and eventual partnership of Dr. Dre and Jimmy Iovine.
After a prologue that looks at problems related to the sale of the �Beats� line to Apple, we then trace the separate lives of Dre and Iovine. We see Dre�s start with NWA and his move to the recording booth as well as Iovine�s work as a producer who founded Interscope Records. We watch their ups and downs all along the way as well as how they joined forces.
Defiant provides the usual mix of archival footage and interviews. In addition to Dre and Iovine, we hear from attorneys Howard King and Peter Paterno, managers Paul Rosenberg and Jon Landau, Dre�s mother Verna Griffin, Iovine�s sister Janet Mormile, nightclub manager Alonzo Williams, Sony Music chairman Doug Morris, MTV host Fab 5 Freddy, former wife Vicki Iovine, attorney Allen Grubman, label founder David Geffen, A&R executive Tom Whalley, Interscope Head of Business Affairs David Cohen, Interscope Vice Chairman Doug Berman, TVT Records founder Steve Gottlieb, former label executives Step Johnson, Steve Stoute and Michael Fuchs, financial advisor Paul Wachter, film producer Larry Gordon, Dre�s wife Nicole Young, Beats president Luke Wood, and musicians Bruce Springsteen, Gwen Stefani, Will.I.Am, Eminem, Snoop Dogg, Tom Petty, the DOC, Sean �Puffy� Combs, Bono, Ice Cube, Trent Reznor, Patti Smith, Kendrick Lamar, Dee Barnes, Nas, DJ Yella, MC Ren, and Stevie Nicks.
If forced to pick a negative about Defiant, it�d relate to some of the prominent figures we don�t hear from during the interviews. In particular, the absence of Marilyn Manson and Lady Gaga � both of whom figure fairly strongly in the narrative � proves to be a disappointment.
But only a minor one, as I can�t gripe with the roster of participants who do appear. Defiant comes with major names, and all offer useful information that helps flesh out the subject matter. I don�t think I�ll ever be able to listen to �Born to Run� again without the sound of Springsteen barking �STICK!� in my head.
Of course, Iovine and Dre reside at the core of the documentary, and they hold up their end of the bargain. They seem blunt and honest as they cover their careers and lives � this may be an �authorized� documentary, but it doesn�t appear to pull punches.
Director Allen Hughes delivers all of this in a tight, brisk package that keeps us with it for the entire four-plus hours. Okay, I�ll admit that the inevitable �happily ever after� ending seems a bit trite, and a few other moments toward the finale sag a bit, but those are minor complaints.
That�s because Defiant ones remains almost shockingly engaging across its running time. Usually documentaries like this fare best in their subjects� �early days�, back when the subjects had something to prove. Once Dre and Iovine attained success, the story should get less interesting.
But it doesn�t, partly because Iovine and Dre never rest on their proverbial laurels. Rather than fall into �Fat and Happy Land�, they continue to work, and the ways they stay at the center of the music industry ensure that the documentary continues to sizzle.
All of this makes Defiant Ones a terrific ride. Of course, if the music involved interests you, that becomes a bonus, but I think the program should succeed for anyone.
The Defiant Ones appears in an aspect ratio of approximately 1.78:1 on this Blu-ray Disc. With its mix of new interviews and archival footage, Sum looked good for this sort of program.
As always, I viewed the old material and the new shots with different expectations, as the archival stuff jumped all over the place. It could look pretty good at times, but we also got some messy, clips.
I didn�t have any real problems with those, however, as I figured they were about as good as we could get. In any case, the flaws of the old bits didn�t interfere with my enjoyment of the program. They blended just fine and didn�t cause distractions.
Overall, the new footage offered nice visuals. Sharpness was quite good, as virtually no softness impacted on the modern interviews. Those elements appeared concise and accurate.
Colors were reasonably natural, and no notable defects affected the new footage. Blacks and shadows followed suit, as they seemed perfectly positive. Overall, the visuals were solid given the program�s parameters.
As for the DTS-HD MA 5.1 soundtrack of Defiant, its reliance on music made it a little livelier than I�d expect from a documentary. Songs were a constant companion, and they spread to the side and rear speakers. Stereo delineation was positive and the overall soundfield seemed acceptable.
Audio quality was solid. The new interview comments sounded just fine, as they offered perfectly acceptable clarity. No issues with edginess or intelligibility occurred, as they provided warm and natural tones.
Music also demonstrated good range and definition, while the occasional effects appeared decent. This mix did enough right to earn a �B�.
No extras appear on the Blu-rays, but the package does include a DVD copy of the film.
A brisk, involving documentary, The Defiant Ones delivers a rich experience. It gets into its dual subjects well and keeps us engaged from start to finish. The Blu-rays offer generally positive picture and audio but they lack supplements. Even without bonus materials, this becomes a worthwhile investment.


I would like to thank Amy from El Paso Texas for sending us this amazing apricot nectar pineapple juice recipe.
To get started, please take out your juicer and plug it in.
Next thoroughly wash and rinse your fruit under cold running tap water.
Next using a sharp serrated kitchen knife, remove the skin and inner core from the pineapple, and the seeds from the apricots. Finally you are ready to place a glass under your juice spout.
Once all of your fruit has been run through the machine, and your glass is full, you will want to stir in the raw bees honey.
After all of the honey has dissolved, stir in the single mint leaf. Your beverage is now ready to drink.
Do keep in mind that apricots and pineapple have quite a bit of natural fruit based acid, so you might want to drink this sweet nectar beverage after a light meal.


On Wednesday, Vogue debuted its September 2017 "Special Collector's Edition" issue starring Jennifer Lawrence. Watch the video clip below as filmmaker Mitch Springer tries (and sometimes fails) to interview a few of the many, many people who helped create Vogue's September cover shoot, including Anna Wintour, Bruce Weber, a selfie makeup artist, a farm stylist, and Vogue's fidget spinner–addicted photo department, to name a few. Enjoy this video stream below after the jump.


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# Pod level resource management in Kubelet

**Author**: Buddha Prakash (@dubstack), Vishnu Kannan (@vishh)

**Last Updated**: 06/23/2016

**Status**: Draft Proposal (WIP)

This document proposes a design for introducing pod level resource accounting to Kubernetes, and outlines the implementation and rollout plan.

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- [Pod level resource management in Kubelet](#pod-level-resource-management-in-kubelet)
  - [Introduction](#introduction)
  - [Non Goals](#non-goals)
  - [Motivations](#motivations)
  - [Design](#design)
    - [Proposed cgroup hierarchy:](#proposed-cgroup-hierarchy)
      - [QoS classes](#qos-classes)
      - [Guaranteed](#guaranteed)
      - [Burstable](#burstable)
      - [Best Effort](#best-effort)
    - [With Systemd](#with-systemd)
    - [Hierarchy Outline](#hierarchy-outline)
      - [QoS Policy Design Decisions](#qos-policy-design-decisions)
  - [Implementation Plan](#implementation-plan)
      - [Top level Cgroups for QoS tiers](#top-level-cgroups-for-qos-tiers)
      - [Pod level Cgroup creation and deletion (Docker runtime)](#pod-level-cgroup-creation-and-deletion-docker-runtime)
      - [Container level cgroups](#container-level-cgroups)
      - [Rkt runtime](#rkt-runtime)
      - [Add Pod level metrics to Kubelet's metrics provider](#add-pod-level-metrics-to-kubelets-metrics-provider)
  - [Rollout Plan](#rollout-plan)
  - [Implementation Status](#implementation-status)

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## Introduction

As of now [Quality of Service(QoS)](../../docs/design/resource-qos.md) is not enforced at a pod level. Excepting pod evictions, all the other QoS features are not applicable at the pod level.
To better support QoS, there is a need to add support for pod level resource accounting in Kubernetes.

We propose to have a unified cgroup hierarchy with pod level cgroups for better resource management. We will have a cgroup hierarchy with top level cgroups for the three QoS classes Guaranteed, Burstable and BestEffort. Pods (and their containers) belonging to a QoS class will be grouped under these top level QoS cgroups. And all containers in a pod are nested under the pod cgroup.

The proposed cgroup hierarchy would allow for more efficient resource management and lead to improvements in node reliability.
This would also allow for significant latency optimizations in terms of pod eviction on nodes with the use of pod level resource usage metrics.
This document provides a basic outline of how we plan to implement and rollout this feature.

## Non Goals

- Pod level disk accounting will not be tackled in this proposal.
- Pod level resource specification in the Kubernetes API will not be tackled in this proposal.

## Motivations

Kubernetes currently supports container level isolation only and lets users specify resource requests/limits on the containers [Compute Resources](../../docs/design/resources.md). The `kubelet` creates a cgroup sandbox (via it's container runtime) for each container.

There are a few shortcomings to the current model.
 - Existing QoS support does not apply to pods as a whole. On-going work to support pod level eviction using QoS requires all containers in a pod to belong to the same class. By having pod level cgroups, it is easy to track pod level usage and make eviction decisions.
 - Infrastructure overhead per pod is currently charged to the node. The overhead of setting up and managing the pod sandbox is currently accounted to the node. If the pod sandbox is a bit expensive, like in the case of hyper, having pod level accounting becomes critical.
 - For the docker runtime we have a containerd-shim which is a small library that sits in front of a runtime implementation allowing it to be reparented to init, handle reattach from the caller etc. With pod level cgroups containerd-shim can be charged to the pod instead of the machine.
 - If a container exits, all its anonymous pages (tmpfs) gets accounted to the machine (root). With pod level cgroups, that usage can also be attributed to the pod.
 - Let containers share resources - with pod level limits, a pod with a Burstable container and a BestEffort container is classified as Burstable pod. The BestEffort container is able to consume slack resources not used by the Burstable container, and still be capped by the overall pod level limits.

## Design

High level requirements for the design are as follows:
 - Do not break existing users. Ideally, there should be no changes to the Kubernetes API semantics.
 - Support multiple cgroup managers - systemd, cgroupfs, etc.

How we intend to achieve these high level goals is covered in greater detail in the Implementation Plan.

We use the following denotations in the sections below:

For the three QoS classes
`G⇒ Guaranteed QoS, Bu⇒ Burstable QoS, BE⇒ BestEffort QoS`

For the value specified for the --qos-memory-overcommitment flag
`qmo⇒ qos-memory-overcommitment`

Currently the Kubelet highly prioritizes resource utilization and thus allows BE pods to use as much resources as they want. And in case of OOM the BE pods are first to be killed. We follow this policy as G pods often don't use the amount of resource request they specify. By overcommiting the node the BE pods are able to utilize these left over resources. And in case of OOM the BE pods are evicted by the eviciton manager. But there is some latency involved in the pod eviction process which can be a cause of concern in latency-sensitive servers. On such servers we would want to avoid OOM conditions on the node. Pod level cgroups allow us to restrict the amount of available resources to the BE pods. So reserving the requested resources for the G and Bu pods would allow us to avoid invoking the OOM killer.

We add a flag `qos-memory-overcommitment` to kubelet which would allow users to configure the percentage of memory overcommitment on the node. We have the default as 100, so by default we allow complete overcommitment on the node and let the BE pod use as much memory as it wants, and not reserve any resources for the G and Bu pods. As expected if there is an OOM in such a case we first kill the BE pods before the G and Bu pods.
On the other hand if a user wants to ensure very predictable tail latency for latency-sensitive servers he would need to set qos-memory-overcommitment to a really low value(preferrably 0). In this case memory resources would be reserved for the G and Bu pods and BE pods would be able to use only the left over memory resource.

Examples in the next section.

### Proposed cgroup hierarchy:

For the initial implementation we will only support limits for cpu and memory resources.

#### QoS classes

A pod can belong to one of the following 3 QoS classes: Guaranteed, Burstable, and BestEffort, in decreasing order of priority.

#### Guaranteed

`G` pods will be placed at the `$Root` cgroup by default. `$Root` is the system root ie. "/" by default and if `--cgroup-root` flag is used then we use the specified cgroup-root as the `$Root`. To ensure Kubelet's idempotent behaviour we follow a pod cgroup naming format which is opaque and deterministic. Say we have a pod with UID: `5f9b19c9-3a30-11e6-8eea-28d2444e470d` the pod cgroup PodUID would be named: `pod-5f9b19c93a3011e6-8eea28d2444e470d`.

__Note__: The cgroup-root flag would allow the user to configure the root of the QoS cgroup hierarchy. Hence cgroup-root would be redefined as the root of QoS cgroup hierarchy and not containers.

```
/PodUID/cpu.quota = cpu limit of Pod
/PodUID/cpu.shares = cpu request of Pod
/PodUID/memory.limit_in_bytes = memory limit of Pod
```

Example:
We have two pods Pod1 and Pod2 having Pod Spec given below

```yaml
kind: Pod
metadata:
    name: Pod1
spec:
    containers:
        name: foo
            resources:
                limits:
                    cpu: 10m
                    memory: 1Gi
        name: bar
            resources:
                limits:
                    cpu: 100m
                    memory: 2Gi
```

```yaml
kind: Pod
metadata:
    name: Pod2
spec:
    containers:
        name: foo
            resources:
                limits:
                    cpu: 20m
                    memory: 2Gii
```

Pod1 and Pod2 are both classified as `G` and are nested under the `Root` cgroup.

```
/Pod1/cpu.quota = 110m
/Pod1/cpu.shares = 110m
/Pod2/cpu.quota = 20m
/Pod2/cpu.shares = 20m
/Pod1/memory.limit_in_bytes = 3Gi
/Pod2/memory.limit_in_bytes = 2Gi
```

#### Burstable

We have the following resource parameters for the `Bu` cgroup.

```
/Bu/cpu.shares = summation of cpu requests of all Bu pods
/Bu/PodUID/cpu.quota = Pod Cpu Limit
/Bu/PodUID/cpu.shares = Pod Cpu Request
/Bu/memory.limit_in_bytes = Allocatable - {(summation of memory requests/limits of `G` pods)*(1-qom/100)}
/Bu/PodUID/memory.limit_in_bytes = Pod memory limit
```

`Note: For the `Bu` QoS when limits are not specified for any one of the containers, the Pod limit defaults to the node resource allocatable quantity.`

Example:
We have two pods Pod3 and Pod4 having Pod Spec given below:

```yaml
kind: Pod
metadata:
    name: Pod3
spec:
    containers:
        name: foo
            resources:
                limits:
                    cpu: 50m
                    memory: 2Gi
                requests:
                    cpu: 20m
                    memory: 1Gi
        name: bar
            resources:
                limits:
                    cpu: 100m
                    memory: 1Gi
```

```yaml
kind: Pod
metadata:
    name: Pod4
spec:
    containers:
        name: foo
            resources:
                limits:
                    cpu: 20m
                    memory: 2Gi
                requests:
                    cpu: 10m
                    memory: 1Gi
```

Pod3 and Pod4 are both classified as `Bu` and are hence nested under the Bu cgroup
And for `qom` = 0

```
/Bu/cpu.shares = 30m
/Bu/Pod3/cpu.quota = 150m
/Bu/Pod3/cpu.shares = 20m
/Bu/Pod4/cpu.quota = 20m
/Bu/Pod4/cpu.shares = 10m
/Bu/memory.limit_in_bytes = Allocatable - 5Gi
/Bu/Pod3/memory.limit_in_bytes = 3Gi
/Bu/Pod4/memory.limit_in_bytes = 2Gi
```

#### Best Effort

For pods belonging to the `BE` QoS we don't set any quota.

```
/BE/cpu.shares = 2
/BE/cpu.quota= not set
/BE/memory.limit_in_bytes = Allocatable - {(summation of memory requests of all `G` and `Bu` pods)*(1-qom/100)}
/BE/PodUID/memory.limit_in_bytes = no limit
```

Example:
We have a pod 'Pod5' having Pod Spec given below:

```yaml
kind: Pod
metadata:
    name: Pod5
spec:
    containers:
        name: foo
            resources:
        name: bar
            resources:
```

Pod5 is classified as `BE` and is hence nested under the BE cgroup
And for `qom` = 0

```
/BE/cpu.shares = 2
/BE/cpu.quota= not set
/BE/memory.limit_in_bytes = Allocatable - 7Gi
/BE/Pod5/memory.limit_in_bytes = no limit
```

### With Systemd

In systemd we have slices for the three top level QoS class. Further each pod is a subslice of exactly one of the three QoS slices. Each container in a pod belongs to a scope nested under the qosclass-pod slice.

Example:  We plan to have the following cgroup hierarchy on systemd systems

```
/memory/G-PodUID.slice/containerUID.scope
/cpu,cpuacct/G-PodUID.slice/containerUID.scope
/memory/Bu.slice/Bu-PodUID.slice/containerUID.scope
/cpu,cpuacct/Bu.slice/Bu-PodUID.slice/containerUID.scope
/memory/BE.slice/BE-PodUID.slice/containerUID.scope
/cpu,cpuacct/BE.slice/BE-PodUID.slice/containerUID.scope
```

### Hierarchy Outline

- "$Root" is the system root of the node ie. "/" by default and if `--cgroup-root` is specified then the specified cgroup-root is used as "$Root".
- We have a top level QoS cgroup for the `Bu` and `BE` QoS classes.
- But we __dont__ have a separate cgroup for the `G` QoS class. `G` pod cgroups are brought up directly under the `Root` cgroup.
- Each pod has its own cgroup which is nested under the cgroup matching the pod's QoS class.
- All containers brought up by the pod are nested under the pod's cgroup.
- system-reserved cgroup contains the system specific processes.
- kube-reserved cgroup contains the kubelet specific daemons.

```
$ROOT
  |
  +- Pod1
  |   |
  |   +- Container1
  |   +- Container2
  |   ...
  +- Pod2
  |   +- Container3
  |   ...
  +- ...
  |
  +- Bu
  |   |
  |   +- Pod3
  |   |   |
  |   |   +- Container4
  |   |   ...
  |   +- Pod4
  |   |   +- Container5
  |   |   ...
  |   +- ...
  |
  +- BE
  |   |
  |   +- Pod5
  |   |   |
  |   |   +- Container6
  |   |   +- Container7
  |   |   ...
  |   +- ...
  |
  +- System-reserved
  |   |
  |   +- system
  |   +- docker (optional)
  |   +- ...
  |
  +- Kube-reserved
  |   |
  |   +- kubelet
  |   +- docker (optional)
  |   +- ...
  |
```

#### QoS Policy Design Decisions

- This hierarchy highly prioritizes resource guarantees to the `G` over `Bu` and `BE` pods.
- By not having a separate cgroup for the `G` class, the hierarchy allows the `G` pods to burst and utilize all of Node's Allocatable capacity.
- The `BE` and `Bu` pods are strictly restricted from bursting and hogging resources and thus `G` Pods are guaranteed resource isolation.
- `BE` pods are treated as lowest priority. So for the `BE` QoS cgroup we set cpu shares to the lowest possible value ie.2. This ensures that the `BE` containers get a relatively small share of cpu time.
- Also we don't set any quota on the cpu resources as the containers on the `BE` pods can use any amount of free resources on the node.
- Having memory limit of `BE` cgroup as (Allocatable - summation of memory requests of `G` and `Bu` pods) would result in `BE` pods becoming more susceptible to being OOM killed. As more `G` and `Bu` pods are scheduled kubelet will more likely kill `BE` pods, even if the `G` and `Bu` pods are using less than their request since we will be dynamically reducing the size of `BE` m.limit_in_bytes. But this allows for better memory guarantees to the `G` and `Bu` pods.

## Implementation Plan

The implementation plan is outlined in the next sections.
We will have a 'cgroups-per-qos' flag to specify if the user wants to use the QoS based cgroup hierarchy. The flag would be set to false by default at least in v1.4.

#### Top level Cgroups for QoS tiers

Two top level cgroups for `Bu` and `BE` QoS classes are created when Kubelet starts to run on a node. All `G` pods cgroups are by default nested under the `Root`. So we dont create a top level cgroup for the `G` class. For raw cgroup systems we would use libcontainers cgroups manager for general cgroup management(cgroup creation/destruction). But for systemd we don't have equivalent support for slice management in libcontainer yet. So we will be adding support for the same in the Kubelet. These cgroups are only created once on Kubelet initialization as a part of node setup. Also on systemd these cgroups are transient units and will not survive reboot.

#### Pod level Cgroup creation and deletion (Docker runtime)

- When a new pod is brought up, its QoS class is firstly determined.
- We add an interface to Kubelet's ContainerManager to create and delete pod level cgroups under the cgroup that matches the pod's QoS class.
- This interface will be pluggable. Kubelet will support both systemd and raw cgroups based __cgroup__ drivers. We will be using the --cgroup-driver flag proposed in the [Systemd Node Spec](kubelet-systemd.md) to specify the cgroup driver.
- We inject creation and deletion of pod level cgroups into the pod workers.
- As new pods are added QoS class cgroup parameters are updated to match the resource requests by the Pod.

#### Container level cgroups

Have docker manager create container cgroups under pod level cgroups. With the docker runtime, we will pass --cgroup-parent using the syntax expected for the corresponding cgroup-driver the runtime was configured to use.

#### Rkt runtime

We want to have rkt create pods under a root QoS class that kubelet specifies, and set pod level cgroup parameters mentioned in this proposal by itself.

#### Add Pod level metrics to Kubelet's metrics provider

Update Kubelet's metrics provider to include Pod level metrics. Use cAdvisor's cgroup subsystem information to determine various Pod level usage metrics.

`Note: Changes to cAdvisor might be necessary.`

## Rollout Plan

This feature will be opt-in in v1.4 and an opt-out in v1.5. We recommend users to drain their nodes and opt-in, before switching to v1.5, which will result in a no-op when v1.5 kubelet is rolled out.

## Implementation Status

The implementation goals of the first milestone are outlined below.
- [x] Finalize and submit Pod Resource Management proposal for the project #26751
- [x] Refactor qos package to be used globally throughout the codebase #27749 #28093
- [x] Add interfaces for CgroupManager and CgroupManagerImpl which implements the CgroupManager interface and creates, destroys/updates cgroups using the libcontainer cgroupfs driver. #27755 #28566
- [x] Inject top level QoS Cgroup creation in the Kubelet and add e2e tests to test that behaviour. #27853
- [x] Add PodContainerManagerImpl Create and Destroy methods which implements the respective PodContainerManager methods using a cgroupfs driver. #28017
- [x] Have docker manager create container cgroups under pod level cgroups. Inject creation and deletion of pod cgroups into the pod workers. Add e2e tests to test this behaviour. #29049
- [x] Add support for updating policy for the pod cgroups. Add e2e tests to test this behaviour. #29087
- [ ] Enabling 'cgroup-per-qos' flag in Kubelet: The user is expected to drain the node and restart it before eenabling this feature, but as a fallback we also want to allow the user to just restart the kubelet with the cgroup-per-qos flag enabled to use this feature. As a part of this we need to figure out a policy for pods having Restart Policy: Never. More details in this [issue](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/29946).
- [ ] Removing terminated pod's Cgroup : We need to cleanup the pod's cgroup once the pod is terminated. More details in this [issue](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/29927).
- [ ] Kubelet needs to ensure that the cgroup settings are what the kubelet expects them to be. If security is not of concern, one can assume that once kubelet applies cgroups setting successfully, the values will never change unless kubelet changes it. If security is of concern, then kubelet will have to ensure that the cgroup values meet its requirements and then continue to watch for updates to cgroups via inotify and re-apply cgroup values if necessary.
Updating QoS limits needs to happen before pod cgroups values are updated. When pod cgroups are being deleted, QoS limits have to be updated after pod cgroup values have been updated for deletion or pod cgroups have been removed. Given that kubelet doesn't have any checkpoints and updates to QoS and pod cgroups are not atomic, kubelet needs to reconcile cgroups status whenever it restarts to ensure that the cgroups values match kubelet's expectation.
- [ ] [TEST] Opting in for this feature and rollbacks should be accompanied by detailed error message when killing pod intermittently.
- [ ] Add a systemd implementation for Cgroup Manager interface

Other smaller work items that we would be good to have before the release of this feature.
- [ ] Add Pod UID to the downward api which will help simplify the e2e testing logic.
- [ ] Check if parent cgroup exist and error out if they don't.
- [ ] Set top level cgroup limit to resource allocatable until we support QoS level cgroup updates. If cgroup root is not `/` then set node resource allocatable as the cgroup resource limits on cgroup root.
- [ ] Add a NodeResourceAllocatableProvider which returns the amount of allocatable resources on the nodes. This interface would be used both by the Kubelet and ContainerManager.
- [ ] Add top level feasibility check to ensure that pod can be admitted on the node by estimating left over resources on the node.
- [ ] Log basic cgroup management ie. creation/deletion metrics

To better support our requirements we needed to make some changes/add features to Libcontainer as well

- [x] Allowing or denying all devices by writing 'a' to devices.allow or devices.deny is
not possible once the device cgroups has children. Libcontainer doesn't have the option of skipping updates on parent devices cgroup. opencontainers/runc/pull/958
- [x] To use libcontainer for creating and managing cgroups in the Kubelet, I would like to just create a cgroup with no pid attached and if need be apply a pid to the cgroup later on. But libcontainer did not support cgroup creation without attaching a pid. opencontainers/runc/pull/956

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Home » Investigations » Runkle Canyon » EnviroReporter.com's analysis of the final DTSC Runkle Canyon Response Plan
EnviroReporter.com's analysis of the final DTSC Runkle Canyon Response Plan
[KB Home's Runkle Canyon development is now called Arroyo Vista at the Woodlands]
Ever since breaking the story of pollution problems in Runkle Canyon coming from neighboring Rocketdyne in spring 2005, this reporter has produced a substantial body of scientific analysis exploring the radioactive and heavy metal contaminants that impact the property.
The same cannot be said for the Department of Toxic Substances Control which, since April 2008, has had a voluntary cleanup agreement with canyon owner and developer KB Home.
With the historic deal that DTSC negotiated with NASA and the Department of Energy to remediate their areas of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, many Rocketdyne activists don't realize that DTSC's failures in Runkle Canyon may continue to threaten public health regardless of what happens at the lab.
Take, for example, just one paragraph in DTSC's July 22, 2010 "Review and Comments on the Runkle Canyon Response Plan" it sent to KB Home July 22, 2010:
Community members expressed concerns regarding some surface water samples that they had collected which exhibited some higher metals concentrations than samples collected during previous and subsequent investigations. To evaluate current conditions DTSC staff collected two samples after a rainstorm and analyzed the samples for metals concentrations. Surface water flow at the site is ephemeral so sampling runoff is only possible directly after rainstorms. These samples contained relatively low concentrations of metals which are comparable to concentrations detected during previous investigations. Arsenic, vanadium and chromium were not detected in the surface water samples. Analytical data from these two samples validate the analytical data from previous investigations; consequently, DTSC is not requiring additional surface water investigation.
The first sentence says that there was a "previous" investigation of Runkle Canyon's surface water before the Radiation Rangers performed their own tests. That is clearly false as we reported in "The Radiation Rangers" in June 2007. We do not understand how DTSC could make such a mistake when many of our articles as well as community comments have made this quite clear.
DTSC didn't collect "two samples" as stated above according to the lab report. It took one sample and split it, coming up with vastly different results for the same Runkle Canyon water. For instance, one "split sample" tested positive for cobalt, selenium and zinc while the other had none of these heavy metals.
The paragraph incorrectly states that "Surface water flow at the site is ephemeral so sampling runoff is only possible directly after rainstorms" which is patently untrue as photo galleries of the Radiation Rangers collecting samples in May 2007 and the City of Simi Valley in July 2007 show that there is water even during the driest months. In fact, Runkle Canyon is home to several rare and endangered vernal pools, in stark contrast to the DTSC assertion.
Apparently, DTSC didn't also note something strange in the single water sample having no arsenic in it. All water samples from Runkle Canyon have had arsenic in them, some at alarming levels. Arsenic is in all California water. According to the California Department of Public Health, "Arsenic is ubiquitous in nature and is commonly found in drinking water sources in California."
Yet DTSC bases its entire evaluation of Runkle Canyon's heavy metal water problems on a single sample that it thinks is two samples, a sample that has similar (and therefore high) concentrations of heavy metals as other testing yet has no arsenic in it. This single suspect sample is what the department bases its decision to tell KB Home that it need not test the surface water even once more. This is unsound science.
When we pointed out the problems with this water sample, DTSC wrote us back saying:
"Response: As described in our phone conversation in August, DTSC understands the concern you raise on the discrepancy of results, and is researching the sample results and analytical methods to determine if there is any explanation for the obvious differences between results presented for "split" samples. DTSC has not yet concluded this evaluation, and will make no final decisions or interpretations of the data until this issue is satisfactorily resolved. The actual lab sheets for the samples in question are attached."
That may sound reasonable but this statement, including "DTSC… will make no final decisions or interpretations of the data until this issue is satisfactorily resolved," is pure rhetoric. The July 22, 2010 Response Plan letter sent by DTSC to KB Home is its decision.
The suspect surface water lab readings are also the result of sloppy procedures at DTSC's lab or some other problem. How does DTSC deal with that? Get a new lab?
Problems with the department's lab first surfaced in Runkle Canyon when the Radiation Rangers brought former Runkle Canyon DTSC project manager Norman E. Riley samples of suspicious looking white rocks from the canyon. When the rocks tested high in chromium in the DTSC lab, as we wrote about in the June 26, 2008 Ventura County Reporter cover story "White Blight," the department's response to the shocking findings was to suggest the Rangers somehow manipulated the rocks' heavy metal content! This tactic has been used again here in DTSC's Response Plan comments.
In addition, the department ignored several hundred pages of community and advocate comments on the contamination problems in Runkle Canyon, problems pointed out in 58 pages of Radiation Rangers comments and a 7-page introduction, as well as comments by other citizens concerned, about the development of the 1,575-acre property which will launch over 112 tons of strontium-90 impacted dust into the air during its anticipated construction.
EnviroReporter's Runkle Canyon Response Plan comments and questions were tossed off as well, even though they clearly demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of the pollution problems in the canyon.
Now it boils down to two central questions for DTSC and KB Home.
Why are the laudatory standards DTSC has set to clean up Rocketdyne to background or normal levels for radiation and chemicals not the standards it demands in Runkle Canyon when the canyon property will eventually have hundreds of homes, yet the lab will become open space with no people living there?
What is KB Home trying to accomplish when it should know that failing to test for heavy metals that plague its property, and robustly sampling and testing for strontium-90 which is 27 times background site wide, and then taking out these toxins, is the only way to convince the public that its otherwise pristine land is safe for habitation?
The answers seem two-fold. First the DTSC appears to not to care what people think. Blow enough smoke after being inscrutably silent makes for a grateful yet docile public. Reading the press reports of the latest turn of events attests to that. This gamble may work.
KB Home may figure that DTSC's stamp of approval will reclaim the good name of Runkle Canyon despite the fact that almost no remediation of the land will take place. That sharp contrast to the hundreds of millions being spent just across the property line in Rocketdyne might make no difference to future residents of Runkle. This gamble won't work.
There is a third major question and it is for the community, activists and elected representatives who have worked so hard to clean up Rocketdyne: How can they trust the dedication and competence of a department that has repeatedly demonstrated its inability to conduct good science and blatantly disregards public input?
You can rest assured that the LA Weekly, Ventura County Reporter and EnviroReporter.com will keep asking those questions until they are answered satisfactorily, if ever at all.
It's also fair to deduce that the Radiation Rangers will continue to do what was considered nearly impossible when they started in 2006: stopping Runkle Canyon's development until the developer is forced to clean up what it has been trying to hush up for years. Toxic Terry, Perchlorate Patty and the Good Reverend John are going to have the fight of their lives trying to protect their community from harm.