'Cause life should be celebrated!
Ella is almost 19 months old and she is as active as ever! Her communication skills are increasing by the day with new words, expressions, and her imagination and play has really gone to the next level. She is pretty non stop on the go but there is still ONE activity I can get her to sit down with me and do, read. She loves pulling books off her shelf and bringing them to me to read to her. I will often find her sitting under her bookshelf going through the pages and reading to herself, and pointing to the pictures.
Sorry for the lack of posts on the blog these days! I swear I have been starting every post with an apology lately. I have been very active on social media just not so much on this blog anymore. But I had to check in and share some pictures from the adorable baby shower some of my friends put together for me. It was such a sweet gesture, something I wasn't expecting at all, and I was really touched by the whole thing. I didn't think second baby showers were a thing but I am actually really happy about because I have felt like this baby hasn't had nearly as much attention or "celebration" as Ella had. We have just been so busy over here, too busy honestly, we are functioning at a rate that isn't sustainable. At least not sustainable for good health! Haha It was just nice to take a minute and focus on him.
I did do a little vlog on the shower as well as an update on the baby if you want to watch that below. Vlogging has kind of taken over what blogging used to be for me. Video medium is something I really enjoy and I love having those memories saved in that way. Anyways, back to the shower, my friends out did themselves. They are the dynamic duo behind The Confetti Creative and they are the ones who helped me with Ella's First Birthday. I say helped when really I just gave them the theme and they did everything else! Haha They have so much talent and if you are local you should really utilize them! They are the best of the best. I am kicking myself that I forgot to get a cute picture with them at the shower :( BAH. Oh well, they took some gorgeous shots of the set up before the party started so I wanted to share those!
Did you catch my Facebook Live video? It was my first time doing one! I made a little announcement about joining SeneGence and becoming a distributor. You have probably heard of their more known product LipSense! I have talked about LipSense before on my social media accounts – it has basically taken over the State of Utah the past year! Haha Anyways, about seven months ago my good friend Jalynn tried this lipstick, that supposedly lasts for up to 18 hours, and fell in love with it. She almost instantly signed up to become a distributor. She in turn introduced me to the lipstick, and I too fell in love with the product. I mean, this stuff legit has staying power! It isn't going ANYWHERE.
That first night of trying LipSense I thought about joining Jalynn and becoming a distributor. I have always loved make up, and beauty products is something that I have shared on my social media accounts for years. Plus, I could get a discount of up to 50% OFF on the product! ;) BUT I hesitated. I had a lot going on; a nine month old, tons of other work and personal projects that were taking up all of my time. I had no more time to give to something else. So I tucked the idea away; good thing too, because shortly after I would realize I was pregnant with my second and would spend the next thirteen weeks throwing up multiple times a day! *That was a rough period for me* In the meantime, I loved all the LipSense I had got. While I was enjoying them, I did start to feel like my lips were drier than usual and that the color would flake off. You see, I have a serious issue with dry lips. Ever since moving to Utah this has been a big problem for me. NOTHING has significantly helped them. I have tried it all you guys, EVERYTHING, and YES I do hydrate! I am someone who will drink 60-100 oz of water a day pretty regularly. The climate here is just hard on my skin, and my lips suffer the most. I have just got used to being in a constant cycle of peeling dry lips. So anyways, while I LOVED the product, and wanted to wear it all the time, I felt like maybe my already dry lips weren't a good match for this product that seemed to only be contributing to the problem. I also felt like some colors didn't stick as well on my lips as others. Yet so many of my other friends didn't seem to have these issues, so I just chalked it up to me just not being the best fit for LipSense. I would occasionally still wear the lipstick I had because I did love the colors and the staying power it still provided; but wasn't sure I was going to get any more.
A few more months passed.
I wish I had done a little more research on the product before giving up on it the way I did. I mean, one of my best friend's was killing it as a distributor and I didn't even bother to ask her about it. What was I thinking? I wasn't. Since I had so many friends selling and loving LipSense, I would see their posts, and I learned that there is a bit of a learning curve when it comes to using LipSense. There is a learning curve in how you apply it, and a lot of people will experience an exfoliation period when they first start using it. This exfoliation period sounded pretty familiar to what I had experienced.
So what is the exfoliation period? Before using LipSense you probably used some kind of chapstick; Burts Bees, Caramex, just regular lipsticks you buy from traditional stores - almost all of these lip products contain wax and even led. This wax makes your lips feel great, and provides relief when you have dried out lips. However the relief is temporary. These products often contain carnauba wax, which is the wax you use to protect your car from moisture to prevent rusting. It is creating a barrier for your car from the rain, and the same thing happens when you wear your chapstick; it creates a barrier from moisture coming to your lips. This is why you often find yourself needing to use chapstick multiple times, at least during the drier months because your lips aren't actually being healed long term. So when you start using LipSense some people will experience some exfoliation or feel like their lips are getting drier or that their color is flaking off; and that is because the product is actually breaking down layers and layers of dead skin cells, wax and led build up. This exfoliation period is different for everyone, it all depends on what you used and how often you used it before you started LipSense. Some people can take up to 6 weeks to finally get through this process, so HANG IN THERE! I wish I had.
In my experience, I came in with already damaged lips, with years of using products like this in attempts to heal my lips. The cool thing is the more you use LipSense products, the healthier your lips will become - it is designed this way! This is what I love about SeneGence, they aren't just great products but they are great FOR YOU. I think what ultimately sealed the deal for me was when my friend Jalynn even gave me a tube of their Lip Balm to get started on healing my lips before I started using LipSense more regularly again. You guys, it was shocking how fast this stuff helped. After only a few days my lips that were literally cracked and bleeding were totally normal – and normal is not something my lips usually are! It was incredible. By far the best lip product I have ever tried in regards to helping heal my dry lips. And this all happened in the dead of winter when they are usually at their worst! Often people will feel a slight tingle or sting when they apply LipSense, this is an indicator that your lips aren't very hydrated or are damaged. The feeling goes away the second you put their gloss on. However, I am happy to say while before I always felt that sting, I don't now! How amazing is that? My lips have never been better! When you have healthy skin, the LipSense color can molecularly bond evenly on that one layer of your lips which is going to maximize the staying power.
The only other con about LipSense besides needing to get through the exfoliation period, is that I have personally found you have to stay on top of putting the gloss on if you really want to get the full staying potential. The gloss is what seals the color and keeps your lip hydrated and if you don't put it on periodically throughout the day the color wont last as long. Even still, I have found your good for 4-5 hours, and that is just when the color could break down, the lip color is still completely smudge proof! So honestly, still a win in my book and better then any other lasting lip color out there! Now you may think this next part totally throws out my "honest" review, but really, if you know me and follow me on social media you know I have been using this stuff for almost a year now. I didn't just "jump" on this! The healing my lips have experienced through these products changed everything for me. Since all of this went down, I have decided to become a distributor. I will admit, I am slightly embarrassed to be a part of an MLM. Multi-Level Marketing + Direct Sales – These have become kind of "dirty" words to a lot of us! You have probably been added to many Facebook groups for LuLa Roe, Beach Body, Doterra, LipSense, etc. And you probably roll your eyes every once in a while when the cliché verbiage starts pouring out around these kinds of businesses - I know I have! I never thought in a million years I would join an MLM; but as I have been a part of online marketing for several years now, I have seen many of my friends and fellow colleagues do it right. And by right I mean support a product they actually use, love, and not shove it in your face like a sales person. While I hate sales, I don't intend to "sell" it at all. LipSense SELLS ITSELF. I will be just another person you can pick some up from if you want to try it out. What it really boils down to for me is that I love the products this company produces. LipSense sold itself to me! I love wearing the lip color, and this is the best way to do it in my opinion.
So in honor of me getting started with this little venture, I am hosting a giveaway over on my Instagram! I don't plan on posting too much about LipSense on my personal Instagram account, so you can head on over to the new one I created for it @Lip_Party or join my Facebook Group Page – Lip Party to stay on top of the colors I have in stock, discounts, giveaways and all kinds of fun that I am sure will go down! In celebration of my launch, I am offering FREE SHIPPING + NO SALES TAX for all orders made through Wednesday 1/25! So head on over to my Facebook group if you want to grab something or try LipSense for the first time!
It's a good thing I have always loved watching Football, because my birthday has always landed on or during the weekend of the biggest football game of the year. Trevor very cleverly created a tradition of throwing me a "birthday party" that is really just game day football food with some cake. Honestly though, I love it. We always get together with a bunch of friends and all bring a ton of snacks, appetizers and eat ourselves sick. One of our favorite things to make, and the easiest thing, is some crock pot meat balls! Anything that I can easily throw in a crock pot, or the oven, with little to no prep is my kind of cooking when you have a bunch of food to make and want to spend time with your friends.
Farm Rich has a great selection of Meatballs and they are all Gluten Free for those who need to be aware of that! I used their Original Meatballs for this recipe but you can use their Italian if it suits what your making better. They even have some Turkey Meatballs if you are wanting to be a little more health conscious. The different meats and seasonings available create a base for a variety of ways you could take this recipe! There are several different ways you can cook these Meatballs but the way we like them is to get them in the crock pot, add whatever your favorite sauce is and let them cook away! If you have been reading my blog for a long time you know we like a little spice and always use some Jamaica Me Sweet Hot and Crazy Marinade. So take whatever sauce you want to use, and set your crock pot to HIGH, cover, and heat for 3-4 hours (full bag). Grab some tooth picks and let people serve themselves throughout the game! EASY PEASY!
While picking up the Meatballs I noticed a huge selection of Farm Rich snacks and appetizers! All great picks for a game day get together. I decided to grab some Mozzarella Sticks and Jalapeno Peppers - I mean, what doesn't scream football food more than that? haha Anything with cheese or cream cheese is a go in my book. They will be super easy to just pop in the oven and serve. When it comes to frozen foods it's comforting to know that Farm Rich is made with wholesome ingredients, are quick-frozen and carefully packaged. Check out their Game Day page for all the different options for your party prep!
The views and opinions expressed on crowley party are purely my own.
Copyright @ Crowley Party. Design by MangoBlogs.


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Q: Printing arrays from pointers, only the first element prints I am trying to print an array of structures using the returned pointer to the first element then using pointer arithmetic to print out the array.
The way i am doing it works for the ships array, but when i try to print the assets array only the first element prints, all though i am using exactly the same technique! does anybody have any idea why this is the case?
an FYI: the assets array is correctly filled, if i print out in the function where i fill the array all the values are correct.
attempting to print the array:
    size_t ship_size;
    size_t asset_size;

    ship* ship_ptr;
    rescue_asset* assets_ptr;

    ship_ptr = read_ship_locations(&ship_size);
    assets_ptr = read_rescue_assets(&asset_size);

    int z;

    for (z = 0; z < asset_size; z++)
    {
      printf("asset %d \t callsign: %s \n", z, (assets_ptr + z)->callsign);
    }

returning the assets array:
rescue_asset* read_rescue_assets(size_t* size)
{
  no_of_lines = count_lines(locof);

  assets = calloc(no_of_lines, sizeof(rescue_asset));

  *size = (size_t) no_of_lines;

  //fill array

  return assets;
}

result of the printing:
asset 0      callsign: Rescue_169
asset 1      callsign:
[and so on ...]
asset 36     callsign:

I think this is the problem, it seems to only save to the first element in the array:
This is my fill array function:
for (i = 0; i < no_of_lines; i++) {
        while (fscanf(fp, "%s %c %s %lf %lf %f %u %u", assets[i].callsign,
                &assets[i].type, assets[i].base, &assets[i].loc.lat,
                &assets[i].loc.lng, &assets[i].speed, &assets[i].max_deploy_time,
                &assets[i].service_time) != EOF) {
            printf("asset: %d \t callsign: %s \n", i, assets[i].callsign);

         }
  }

This is the result of this method:
asset: 0     callsign: Angle_Lifeboat
asset: 0     callsign: Angle_ILB
asset: 0     callsign: Broad_Haven_ILB
[and so on ...]
asset: 0     callsign: Rescue_116
asset: 0     callsign: Rescue_122
asset: 0     callsign: Rescue_169

A: The index to assets is incremented in the outer for-loop.
The reading fully happens in the inner while-loop with i staying constant.
Get rid of the for-loop and increment i after every successful call to fscanf().

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When it comes to stopping glare from the sun fading your furniture and carpet or interrupting your early afternoon television viewing there is really only one answer.
Sunfilter Roller Blinds cut out 90% of the UV light that enters a window. This reduces glare and also heat, while still allowing you the ability to retain some natural light and see outside.
These blinds are perfect for offices, schools or homes that have computer screens, TV's or projection screens affected by glare at certain times of the day.
For a softer look you could try a Sheer or Net curtain. They allow a level of diffused light into the room. They don't provide the same level of of UV protection, which is important to slow down the fading on furniture that a sunfilter roller blinds does.
They are however still a valid option and with many different designs from a soft plain ivory to a crushed merlot there is a design that suits you.


text:
Q: Bash - shell vs environment variable I want to clarify a confusion I am having in shell variable vs environment variable. I did the following test, where I have a shell variable abc and export it to an environment variable.
$
$ abc="shell var"
$ env | grep abc
$ echo $abc
shell var
$ export abc="env var"
$ env | grep abc
abc=env var
$ echo $abc
env var
$ unset abc
$ env | grep abc
$ echo $abc
$

After the export is done, I try to echo $abc.
Questions:

*

*Does export move the variable abc from shell to the environment OR does it create a copy in the environment and assign it a new value ?

*When the second echo is done after the export, does echo check if abc is in environment and then print it, OR has abc been completely removed from the shell and is only present in the environment which is why echo prints its value ?

A:
Does export move the variable abc from shell to the environment OR does it create a copy in the environment and assign it a new value ?

Neither.  export simply marks a variable for export.
When an external command is executed, the shell creates an environment to pass to it.  Only variables marked for export are added to that environment.  As man bash explains:

shell variables and functions marked for export, along with variables exported for the command, [are] passed in the environment

Note that env is an external command.  Consequently, it can only report on variables that have been exported.
Meaning of "variables exported for the command"
Normal variable assignments have persistence: the variable exists until it is removed (unset).  It is also possible to created temporary variables for use by a particular command.
As an example, let's create a variable a for use by the env command:
$ a=b env | grep ^a=
a=b


Since Windows 2008 R2 and as such in Windows Server 2012 RD Gateway has a nice couple of new features in it's properties under the tab Messaging.
That's great as now you can warn logged on users of the gateway of any impending maintenance actions that otherwise might be a disconcerting loss of connectivity to them. Just go to the messaging tab and type in your message. Set the start and end date/time and that's all there is to it. A user that is logged or logs in during the specified time frame will see this window appear. I like the fact that we can communicate to the active users via the system message. It makes for a better experience of the service delivered.
You simply type this into text file that you then browse to and apply so that it will be displayed.
You have to browse and apply every time you edit the text file.
Below is a screen shot what a user logging on to a system via your RD Gateway would see. It all depends on the legal department of the manager what will go in here. Do note that you cannot continue until you accept the terms. This could be annoying to regular users after a while. That's why you have the option of selecting "Do not ask again unless changes to the policy occur". That should keep both legal and the users happy .
This entry was posted in Infrastructure, IT Pro, RD Gateway, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows Server 2012 and tagged Logon Message, Message Tab, RD Gateway, System Message by workinghardinit. Bookmark the permalink.


This old building was renovated by Berga and González Architects in Lisbon, Portugal. The building's renovation has preserved original features such as its historical facade or its ceilings heights, adding also all the comforts of luxurious modern living. The duplex flats on the top floor have amazing river views.
Description by architect: Today's post we show you our latest interior design project. In addition to the realization of the architectural rendering, for this work we also liven up all the rooms.


Added the ABit BW7 75K and 75C BIOS releases. These versions are one and two months old, respectively, but have only just been posted by ABit.
Added GameSpy 2.56, which adds support for Return to Castle Wolfenstein (Retail), Operation Flashpoint, Aliens vs. Predator 2, Serious Sam: 2nd Encounter Demo and Medal of Honor: Allied Assault Demo.
Proving that there's no such thing as a 'final point release', Quake III Arena 1.31 is here.
Added WinZip 8.1, which includes a number of small fixes and UI enhancements. For me, the extended context menu support (which now gives you direct access to your extract folder history amongst other things) alone is worth the download.
Added GetRight 4.5b, which includes a few minor fixes over 4.5a.
Added the Matrox 2.54.000 BIOS for their G200, G400, G450 and G550 cards.
Self-pimpage alert! XMaps 224 has been released with an all-new Game Override feature.
Added ZoneAlarm 2.6.362, which offers "improved performance, increased stability and expanded platform support".


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text:
Book an Instructional Tandem Flight!
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Weather plays a great part in Paragliding. To this end the Local Stanwell Park Club has set up a live Weather Station on Bald Hill for all …
Sydney Paragliding was the first professional school in the Sydney area specialising in paragliding, and the longest running paragliding school in Australia. We are dedicated to the sport of paragliding and to looking after all your paragliding requirements now and into the future. We operate from the world famous Bald Hill, Stanwell Park, Australia's best coastal flying site and just one hour south of Sydney.
Greg Hurst is the Chief Flight Instructor for Sydney Paragliding. In the 1970s Greg was a physical education teacher and represented Australia in whitewater and slalom kayak and canoeing. In the 80s he became a pioneer of the Australian and international fitness industry and was a founder of Australian Fitness Network, Australian Institute of Fitness, Les Mills International and Fitness Australia. He received federal and international honours for his contribution in developing and progressing the worldwide fitness movement and his work as a director and President of leading agencies.
Since focussing on his passion of paragliding since 2010 Greg has run courses for beginners, intermediate and advanced pilots. Hundreds have enjoyed developing their paragliding experience whether on an initial tandem flight experience, learning to fly, cross-country safaris or SIV manoeuvres. Greg is joined by a talented team of qualified tandem pilots and instructors to offer a range of paragliding services.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This quantity of essays considers particular examples of literature and paintings in medieval Castile, problematizing the assumption of comparative technique while learning the cultural construction of a spot with such an intensely multi-linguistic and multi-religious profile. Contributions were solicited from an equivalent variety of experts within the paintings and literature of the medieval Iberian peninsula, with every one essay highlighting the ways that strong different types of style or kind are finally insufficient to an entire and nuanced studying of cultural items which in a few experience 'belong' to, or handle, extra that one among medieval Iberia's 'classic 3, ' Jewish, Muslim and Christian cultural entities. individuals: Ana Echevarria; Heather Ecker; Maria Judith Feliciano; Luis M. Giron-Negron; Gregory S. Hutcheson; Gregory B. Kaplan; Benjamin Liu; Francisco Prado-Vilar; Cynthia Robinson; Leyla Rouhi; Louise O. Vasvari."
Arts and Crafts layout, characterised through fresh, sleek traces and good workmanship with caliber fabrics, has skilled an explosion of recognition during the last decade with museums, creditors, and most people. William Morris, Gustav Stickley, and Frank Lloyd Wright are between probably the most famous designers who produced furnishings and structure within the Arts and Crafts variety, whereas many others produced ceramics, glass, textiles, wallpaper, and silverware within the comparable vein.
From the writer of the good American residence, a gorgeous new publication at the energy of position. In his best-selling first ebook, Gil Schafer explored the traits that make a home a home—architecture, panorama, and ornament. In his eagerly awaited moment e-book, Schafer exhibits how conventional and classical ideas can combination with a feeling of position to create fantastically discovered houses in a number types, all with the pleasant tensions of fancy and straightforward, earlier and current.
Get prepared and streamline your workflow with this A-Z responsibility system. layout is barely a part of an inside designer's job—you're additionally answerable for scheduling consumer conferences, accomplishing layout surveys, growing drawings and specifications, and overseeing set up. Multiply via the variety of initiatives in your plate, and you've got a recipe for overwhelming disorganization.
During this deluxe cloth-covered variety advisor, celebrated dressmaker Sibella court docket travels the realm looking for eclectic notion. She explores far-flung locations and captures the essence of every in small info, unique colour palettes, beautiful textures, and conventional crafts. alongside the best way, she indicates readers the way to contain those parts into interiors and the way to copy the guidelines of their personal areas.


text:
Commentary@ITRealms:
Despite many countries passing the equal opportunity laws and adopted UN resolutions on women empowerment, education, access to finance, security, healthy environment, discriminatory pay packages among many other barriers still militating against equality in work places and its attendant economic growth. Kasie Abone, who just returned from World Bank IMF Spring Meeting held in Washington DC, USA reports that until these barriers were pulled down achieving comprehensive economic development will remain a mirage.
Gender equity and its economic implications were some of the key topics that engaged delegates at the recently concluded World Bank IMF spring meeting held in Washington DC, United States of America. The global issues which came under the theme "Gender and Macroeconomics: What Next?" had a team of high profile panelists that brought different countries and institutions perspectives on the causes and solutions to gender issues in work places. Among the panelists were former Nigerian Minister and now United Nations Deputy Secretary General, Amina Mohammed, IMF Managing Director, Christine Lagarde, Oxfam International Executive Director, Winnie Byanyima, Norway Minister of Finance, Siv Jensen and Coca Cola CEO, Mr. Muhtar Kent.
In their individual contributions, the panelists shared their experiences on the causes of gender inequality in work places and its dare implications on economies of nations while proffering solutions on ways to have more women engage in productive ventures with equal pay, security, equal education and access to finance.
Speaking on role of UN in bridging the gender gap, Amina Mohammed identified acquiring education and the right skill sets as some of the key factors necessary to pull down gender barriers in work places and women economic empowerment. She noted that UN had shaped a new developmental agenda over the last few years. She added "It was clear that the consultations we had and the agenda we came out with in the STGs including businesses, and we challenged them on how we can move gender equality from STDs to MDGs and what do they need to take down in terms of barriers. And I think that much of what we have today are playing out in the implementation stages. So, finding government policies will incentivize that, pushing targets and indicators that we set not just for countries but for businesses and partners that are involved. That it makes good business sense; and there is economic dividend to open up the space for women at all levels."
She went further to say that "Incentivizing the education because I think even if you get education, what type of education; what type of skill sets are you bringing to the work place. We can't find women in certain positions because those skill sets are not there and that is why we have to start knocking at the door of education and development. We are work in progress. I think what we need now is how to put this into national plan; we have to deal with business, we have to open our space. The really big challenge we have now is how to put this into national plan that will incentivize business."
In her contribution IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde said IMF was committed to the inclusion of women and gender issues in its surveyance work. "We have decided not just to analyze, talk about it but to walk the talk. So, what we do now, we have 22 pilot countries which have agreed to include women issues, women inclusion in the job market, women contribution in the economy as part of the annual surveyance. And that has helped us identify for each and every one of them what policies, whether tax measures, fiscal measures, structural reform measures that can decide what will actually improve the situation of women. Another area we are pushing women is in our lending capacity in line with countries programs, and we have traction when we do that."
She noted that IMF was working with Egypt where most women do not join the job market due to security issues and transportation. She added that IMF intervention in such situation was to ask the authority to earmark particular budget item to transport, security and childcare budget so women can participate in work places.
Speaking from the business perspective on how his company boosts women participation in leadership positions, Coca Cola CEO, Muhtar Kent, who described himself as a "proud feminist" said the situation he met on ground when he first became the CEO about eight years ago on women leadership positions was "terrible." In his words "When I first become the CEO almost nine years ago, I looked at who were the sharpest of our products. At this time we were connecting with our consumers years ago by 1.3 billion times a day, 66 percent times women were the sharpest. And I looked at inside the company; the numbers for women leadership were terrible. In middle level management there were low 20s, in senior management they were in the teens. And so there was a big disconnect."
To address this imbalance, he said his company embarked on a multiyear policy program aimed at promoting and incentivising women to leadership positions. "The whole idea was how they are going to break down the barriers, how do we hire, train, retain and promote women leaders in the company. Since the last eight years the numbers have gone up to mid-30 to mid-level managers and more importantly, the pipeline for women leadership has gone up to 50 percent now." The effect is an increase from two to four women I boards while working towards achieving parity in a board of about thirteen members.
Coca Cola has also created the largest women empowerment programme ever undertaken by a commercial enterprise called 5 by 20 in its 206 global markets in 2010. The goal was to generate and create five million women entrepreneurs outside of the four walls of Coca Cola system. "We select women leaders, then train them in basic accounting, logistics, distribution, retain and connect them to a total of $200 million IFC credit. They get launched as farmers, distributors, retailers. We now have 1.7 million and we are on our way to reach the five million goal.
But the situation varies in from country to country. In Norway, where women in 2008 surpassed men in acquiring higher education with 40 percent representation in parliament, government anchors the drive for more women in work place on three major touch points, according to the country's Finance Minister, Siv Jensen. These are free education up to university level which has enabled more women graduates, family friendly working life that has to do with parental leave for both parents, paid leave for sick children, flexible working hours; and the third element was affordable day care. With ninety percent of Norwegian children in kindergarten at the moment, Jensen said it makes it easier for women to take part in the work place.
Executive Director, Oxfam International, Winnie Byanyima, in her presentation gave more insights into how women can be empowered besides education. According her, education was not much a factor in the informal jobs like trade, agriculture, unskilled workers, etc. "The big issue is to increase women participation in business and what can work for their rise in companies has much to do with corporate policies. When the policies put in place works for women to juggle the roles of the family and career, when they are given incentives to rise, targets and quotas in boards and senior leadership positions. But the big issue is that women are stuck in the middle by unpaid care work primarily." She also concurred that countries with good child care policy, public transportation facilities, equal pay and healthcare facilities tend to have more women that stay in employment.
The Law and women equality
Inequality under the constitution surprisingly was identified to be a big issue even among civilized world. Lagarde revealed that IMF team found out that 90 percent of advanced economies, developing, middle income economies countries of the world actually have sometimes in their legal system constitutional provisions that discriminate against women. She said when the constitution is changed to embed the principle of equality, the economy's circumstances change, the participation of women in labour force and the perennial gender gap actually reduces. She added that a universal imperative was for each country to look at the legal system and from the top to the bottom decide that that has to change.
The challenge in changing the laws, according to Mohammed was that advocacy comes in the way. Since the men dominate the parliament, the decision to change the law by implication lies with the men.' So, it comes to equal access, equality; how do we help the ones that understand that the law has to change in allowing that to happen. Until we get more women in parliament, in executive positions making the case for it, it will be still a work in progress."
Practical solutions to closing inequality gaps
Kent argued that flexibility and creative architecture were also key elements in promoting women in leadership positions. With the digital high level of mobility among the leadership cadre, mobility can be taken care of. This has enabled Coca Cola to appoint for the first time two African American CFOs of Fortune 50 companies as well as appoint more women at high level functions because of intensity of mobility and travel countries to countries because of the children. With technology, Kent said in a few years, barrier of mobility and office spaces will be rid of as work can be done from anywhere at ones convenience.
Byanyima listed changing the rules of economic model must change, promoting equality and reducing economic inequality, payment of minimum wage that counts towards a living wage, restoration of collective bargaining, unpaid care work, healthcare and care services, transport and using advertising to tackle social norms are some of the policy measures that should be put in place to close the inequality gap.
But for Mohammed, though the policies are in place there should be measures to incentivize the actions we get through the budget spending." If we budget on education, how do we measure the outcome of the education we want to see; so in real practical terms, how do you help policies become actionable with the results; how do we incentivize those resources to make things work for women."
She also suggested that part of the flexibility in work place could be investing in young women to own businesses so that they will have the flexibility to have family, career and to put money in their pockets; to make better families, communities for it. And more importantly breaking the barriers of access to financial solutions, technology, like the menfolk is key.
On her part Jensen said that when companies convert the huge number of women working part time to full time, companies will be raising their resources in addition to reducing the gender gap in the regional economy.
Labels: closing, gap, gender, ingredients, key


Our bodies are polluted because of the prosperity and so our changed lifestyles. Detox Cures help us to clean our body. We continue to increase the demands to keep our bodies fit and healthy until we have reached an old age. To reach this goal, purification is necessary. For good health, it is good to remove the waste from our body, a Detox treatment will help with that.


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E3 2011: Interview with Kudo Tsunoda about Microsoft's E3 announcements
Microsoft's E3 Media Briefing was yesterday and the conference kicks off with a bang in Los Angeles today. Kudo Tsunoda talks to Channel 9 about the E3 Kinect announcements and the soon to be released SDK for Kinect.
Author(s): Tina
Improve chipping touch and feel
This two minute video shows how to use different strokes with different clubs when chipping onto a green.
Three dead in Israel gas blast
June 17 - At least three people are dead in what appears to be an accidental gas leak explosion in the coastal Israeli town of Netanya. Julie Noce, reports.
2.8 Descriptive statistics
Observation, measurement and the recording of data are central activities in science. Speculation and the development of new theories are crucial as well, but ultimately the predictions resulting from those theories have to be tested against what actually happens and this can only be done by making further measurements. Whether measurements are made using simple instruments such as rulers and thermometers, or involve sophisticated devices such as electron microscopes or lasers, there are decisio
Vaardigheden in het verkeer bij kinderen
Een kind tot twaalf jaar beschikt over de vaardigheden die overeenkomen met zijn ontwikkeling. Maar plaats je die groep van kinderen (van kleuter tot acht jaar) in het verkeer, dan begrijp je snel waar ik naartoe wil. We kunnen ze maar beter …
Backing up Your MAC
Applying Quality in the classroom
3.1 Positive coordinates
Diagrams, charts and graphs are used by all sorts of people to express information in a visual way, whether it's in a report by a colleague or a plan from your interior designer. This unit will teach you how to interpret these tools and how to use them yourself to convey information more effectively.
The content acknowledged below is Proprietary (see terms and conditions) and is used under licence. This content is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Licence
Grateful acknowledgement is made to the following sources for permission to
1.1.1 Chromosomes and the life cycle
This Unit looks at how units if inheritance are transmitted from one generation to the next. First you will look at what happens to the chromosones of animals and plants during the process of sexual reproduciton. Then you will examine how genes are transmitted in particular patterns from generation to generation. These two approaches combine to illustrate how the patterns of inheritance can be explained by the behaviour of chromosomes during sexual reproduction.
2.5 What is a sensible dose?
You might not realise it, but maths is an essential component of healthcare. In fact, sloppy calculations can have fatal consequences. This unit is a taster of Level 1 course materials for a Foundation Degree in health sciences, and is designed for those contemplating a future in the health services industry.
Influences on corporate governance (B853_2)
Money and Management
If you wish to study formally at The Open Univ
Staying Safe at the College of Charleston
The College of Charleston takes very seriously its commitment to providing a safe place for you to learn and grow. However, we need you to remember that our campus is located in the heart of a city. Always remember to use "street smarts." In an emergency, call Public Safety at 843.953.5611. For non-emergencies, call them at 843.953.5609. If by some chance you do become a victim of a crime, contact the Office of Victim Services. Do this whether you choose to report the crime or not. Call Victim
2.4 Bar charts and frequency diagrams
3.3 Decimal and fraction coordinates


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The Henderson Civic Center is a very affordable venue for your wedding and reception. Our 9,000 square foot Civic Hall can accommodate seating arrangements for up to 600 guests with a dance floor. The room features a kitchen, a portable stage, dimable lights, and a sound system.
The Civic Hall can be divided into a smaller 1/3 or 3,000-square-foot facility and a larger 2/3 or 6,000-square-foot facility. The larger 2/3 can accommodate a wedding with up to 350 guests and the smaller 1/3 can accommodate a wedding for up to 150 guests.
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04:40 Bathroom mirror steaming up?
Falta 1 inscritos pra minha meta pode me ajudar porfavo que deus te abençoe!!
what there must be a glich or something because your sub didn't show up or it is just that you didn't sub.
Wow. All the begging. Everywhere!! School is out!!!
For the 1% of people who see this, I hope you a bright and good future, I am a youtuber myself and I'm not asking you to do anything but I would love to hit 2k by the end of the year!
+Hannah B Naw I just felt like subbing.
Maybe the reason this channel is thriving is because of the amount of videos daily that's on the channel.
Who has that much toothpaste..
La pasta dental en su maxima expresion!


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Q: IBDesignable UIView with embedded UIButtons, how do I hook up actions in storyboard? I'm trying to create a simple re-usable view for answering multiple choice questions for storyboards. In this custom IBDesignable view, there is a read only uitextview (for the question), several UIButtons representing the answers. I don't seem to find a way to be able to link the UIButtons to actions in the ViewController this view is embedded (via a custom view). Is this possible at all? Or should this be considered a custom UIControl?

A: This isn't possible at all (as of Xcode 8.3.2). You can only connect outlets and actions to the top-level @IBDesignable view, not to any of its subviews.


While I don't do sessions for free. If you are interested in a session. I am more than willing and always interested in bartering and trading. If you have ideas shoot me an email. I would love to hear them.


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Surrender to Passion: Chiron in Aries Inconjunct South Node in Scorpio
January 6th 2023 – Karina Lafayette
Ever notice how the things we want the most, are more often than not the things we fear the most? For example, many people complain how frustrating relationships are, yet the minute we meet someone who seems to embody everything we want, we screw things up by pushing them away. Or we'll spend years working toward a specific goal, but when the opportunity comes up to take on a certain job or career that'll propel us forward, we get taken over by self-doubt and good ol' imposter syndrome. Well luckily, this is the moment to heal those fears once and for all. And while it won't be easy, it'll be absolutely worth it.
Since early September 2022, we've had Chiron the planet of healing that's been making an inconjunction to the South Node in Scorpio. Personally I love Chiron. In mythology, Chiron was rejected by his mother at birth, and he began his healing journey by learning various skills such as music, medicine, astrology and more. In our birth chart, Chiron represents what makes you authentically you- it's the part of yourself that refuses to conform and that more often than not, has been rejected by society. For example, those with Chiron in Libra can fear relationships and settle for partners who mistreat them or who just aren't right for them, most likely due to coming from parents who were divorced, yet they also have a strong sense of justice and fight for others. Chiron in Leo can struggle with having fun and sharing their talents, due to being told from a young age that they were "too much" and to "humble themselves". Wherever your Chiron is at, the best way to heal, is to own this side of you unapologetically and go after what you want.
Meanwhile, the South Node shows our comfort zone. It shows the skills that we're naturally good at, but that can also be detrimental to our growth if we stay stuck there. On the other hand, the North Node shows the area of life that's a part of our calling, but too much of a focus on the North Node can lead to codependency and forgetting who we are, so it's best to find balance. We aren't actually supposed to let go of our South Node completely, just the parts of it that may have been toxic or self-limiting.
For some, this transit can bring up a lot in regards to sexuality and relationships. Aries knows what it wants but with Chiron in the mix, there can be a feeling of not deserving it, most likely due to past shame from childhood, abuse, previous relationships or religion. Since Scorpio is the sign of organized religion, it's obvious that a lot of religious and spiritual programming is responsible for how we view intimacy. Look at almost every horror movie and there's often the trope where two people get killed right when they're either about to, or are having sex. There's also a common theme of the villain appearing as a sexy woman or obsessed romantic partner, like we see in Fatal Attraction, Jennifer's Body, or many other movies. Almost each time these stories are accompanied with religious symbolism, such as a cross, demon possession, or even some figure like a nun or priest who comes around to save the day. The idea that sex is bad and we shouldn't lead ourselves into temptation, even if temptation can lead to empowerment, is a tale old as time, and it's time to flip the script.
In our own lives, as Chiron continues to be inconjunct the South Node, we might be realizing something about our sexual orientation. Better yet, we could even meet someone (or have already) with whom the chemistry is hot, but for whatever reason, there's a bit of a hesitation surrounding how to approach each other, or maybe there's some kind of obstacle- real or imagined- that needs to be overcome, before you can get together. By January 12th however, once Mars finally goes direct after being retrograde, we should already start to feel the obstacles lift since Chiron and the South Node will no longer be exact. The good news is that inconjunctions typically represent a breaking point, which means that in some cases, it's only a matter of time before both surrender to their impulses and give in to the most passionate romance of their lives. In other cases, it'll feel simply like a weight has been lifted.
When two planets or key points are making an inconjunction, this basically creates a sense of miscommunication or disconnect. It's like two people saying the same thing in different languages. Here we have Scorpio, a fixed water sign, and Aries, a cardinal fire sign. Both are strong, ambitious and passionate, yet both go about their motives in different ways. Aries says it like it is, while Scorpio likes to sneak, spy, and slither their way toward their goals, but they always get what they want. Aries fights the battles that we see, while Scorpio dives deep into the psyche to fight demons.
Another key thing Aries and Scorpio have in common is that they both love power. However while Aries is upfront about wanting to be Daddy, Scorpio will play coy and hide their agenda, and this is where the South Node can cause setbacks. Both these signs are ruled by Mars, so in order to overcome whatever ongoing battle is happening with this inconjunction between Chiron and the South Node, we need to look at things that are less than pretty. We need to admit that desire for power, sex, and success, and own it. No more airy fairy, love and light mantras and seeing only what you want to see. It's time to get honest with yourself. You can't heal unless you face what (or who) has been hurting you.
It is most likely one of the reasons why so many celebrities were exposed for cheating in the past year. This kind of thing happens so frequently that a lot of us have simply accepted it, and even go into relationships already expecting the worst. Instead of just accepting it, it would be a better idea to look at the Madonna-Whore Complex and how it causes people to split partners into specific roles, especially when that partner is a woman. Lots of times, when a man puts a partner onto the Madonna pedestal, it's because he feels guilty for his desires, so he rather ignore her sexual side and project his shame onto her, than accept the fact that he can both love her and want her at the same time. And it's not like women are any better. When we're not so busy suppressing our own sexual needs in fear of being judged, we have no issue slutshaming other women who are comfortable with their body, because we wish we could be like them.
A pop culture moment that exemplifies the Madonna-Whore Complex can be seen with the movie Showgirls (1995). Bad script and over-the-top acting aside, Elizabeth Berkley deserved better than to have her career fall apart, just because some people were offended by nudity and a character who can work her way around a stripper pole. Like it or not, her character Nomi Malone is unhinged and liberated as they come, and had it not been for our collective prudishness, Showgirls wouldn't have had the controversy that it did. Yes, the movie has a lot of flaws and there's no doubt it's far from feminist, but if the issue really was about mediocre acting and writing, then actors like Al Pacino and Ben Afleck would no longer have a career after starring in a flop like Gigli, and Adam Sandler would've stopped making movies a long time ago.
In real life, people shamed Elizabeth for this movie because she spent years behind a "good girl" reputation with her role on Saved By the Bell. And interestingly enough, she just so happens to be a Leo Sun, Mars and Mercury and through July 1991 to September 1993 Chiron was in Leo, around the same time that Saved By the Bell was airing. It's likely that period felt very isolating and triggering for her despite all the success. So while on one hand, some might suggest she ought to regret playing in Showgirls, as a woman who's been shamed myself, I have to admit there's nothing more isolating than living up to the reputation of a good girl. It's limiting, inauthentic and gets a little boring after awhile- but hey, that's just me.
In my own relationships, my ex pretty much admitted he was happy I was a virgin when we met, because according to him, it made me a good person, which says more about him then it does about me. It also made our sex life very dull because anytime I wanted to have more intimacy or play with toys, he would get put off, but had no issue turning to porn. I've also had instances were men wanted to get with me. even though they were taken. Because of that, I decided it was better to be single than to be with someone who can't accept all of me. I've been labeled the Madonna and the Whore.
Even in New Age spirituality, despite coming across as progressive, there's also the same old narrative. We get told that we shouldn't share our sexual energy with anyone, and that being attached to things like sex and intimacy means that we're not "evolved enough", because apparently evolved people aren't supposed to want anything. In reality, you can be a sexually liberated person and still master your spiritual world and gifts. It's all about finding balance and working to connect with people who are aligned with what you want. There's also this idea that expressing anger or rage somehow makes you immature, because spirituality sometimes tries to be above feelings, when really the goal isn't to ignore your feelings, but to master them, and this is an issue that's only gotten worse collectively since Chiron first went into Aries.
Chiron entered Aries in April 2018, and since then a lot of us have been faced with situations that ask for courage and boldness. During that time, society has seemed to get progressively worse, but that's only due to a fear of what would happen if we just said how we really feel. Aries is a warrior, a master at authenticity and taming the ego, but under this transit we can feel guilty about letting others know where we stand. There's only so many times a person can take a hit before they finally start punching back, which means sooner or later, the warrior gets up again.
Meanwhile, in January of 2022, the North Node went into Taurus. I won't go into detail about it here (since I already wrote on it), but with the South Node in Scorpio, what this means is shadow work, and no one knows shadow work better than Scorpio. Overseeing the eighth house, Scorpio represents mysticism, sexuality, our obsessions, and secrets. Because we're talking the South Node, this means secrets and all the skeletons in our closet are coming to light. It can also bring up feelings of jealousy, obsession and a need to control our emotions. No more hiding. No more playing games. What's been hiding is going to come up sooner or later, and this is where things get tricky.
So how do we overcome this fear? By looking at the house in your birth chart ruled by Scorpio- something about that area of life has got to go in order to become empowered in your Aries house. If you're a Virgo rising like me, the people you associate with or even how you express yourself, has been getting in the way of deeper intimacy. If however you're a Scorpio rising, the person holding yourself back from success is you. No matter where Chiron and the South Node are transiting in your chart, just know that you deserve what you want. Whether it's better sex, better relationships, more money, or all the above- you deserve it all, and don't let anyone tell you otherwise.
Because here's the thing, you can't lie to yourself forever. With any Chiron transit, there is a lot of pain, but that pain is the key to healing. It's the key to moving forward and as long as we keep giving in to shame and self-doubt, the same scenarios will come back around to haunt us over and over. So where do you need to surrender resistance? What fear do you need to release in order to become empowered? What exactly has been holding you back? You just might find that the minute you take that leap, you'll wish you jumped in sooner.
Karina xo
To learn more about Chiron, read Chiron in the Natal Chart: Show Me Where It Hurts. If you liked this article, you might also like The Dreamers Wake Up: Jupiter in Aries (May 2022-May 2023).
To check out my books, social media and more, scroll to the menu. And be sure to watch my new short documentary series on the Saturn Return! If you support my work, consider buying me a coffee.


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Justia › US Law › Case Law › Louisiana Case Law › Louisiana Supreme Court Decisions › 1980 › State v. Baldwin
State v. Baldwin
388 So. 2d 664 (1980)
STATE of Louisiana v. Timothy George BALDWIN.
Supreme Court of Louisiana.
Rehearing Denied October 6, 1980.
*668 William J. Guste, Jr., Atty. Gen., Barbara Rutledge, Asst. Atty. Gen., Johnny C. Parkerson, Dist. Atty., John R. Harrison, Asst. Dist. Atty., for plaintiff-appellee.
J. Randolph Smith and Gilmer P. Hingle, Smith & Hingle, Monroe, for defendant-appellant.
WATSON, Justice.[*]
Timothy George Baldwin and Marilyn Lee Hampton were indicted by a grand jury for the first degree murder of Mary James Peters, in violation of LSA-R.S. 14:30. The trials were served and Baldwin was found guilty. After the sentencing portion of his trial, the jury unanimously recommended *669 the death penalty. Two aggravating circumstances were found: that Baldwin was engaged in an armed robbery; and that the crime was committed in an especially heinous, atrocious and cruel manner. Defendant Baldwin has appealed, relying on forty assignments of error.
Timothy Baldwin, his wife Rita, and their seven children were neighbors of Mary James Peters in West Monroe, Louisiana, from 1971 until 1977. She was godmother to their youngest son, Russell. During the latter part of their stay in West Monroe, William Odell Jones also resided with the Baldwins. The group went to Bossier City for six months and then moved to Ohio. The oldest daughter Michelle, remained in West Monroe with one brother. A second son entered the service. Marilyn Hampton and her three daughters stayed with the Baldwins in Ohio. Marilyn, Timothy Baldwin and her children then left, accompanied by Jones. Baldwin and Jones worked together in the business of installing aluminum siding. After the departure of her husband Rita Baldwin got in financial difficulties and was picked up on bad check charges. Her four younger children went to live with Michelle in West Monroe. Meanwhile, Timothy Baldwin, Jones, Marilyn Hampton and her three children led an itinerant existence. Their last means of transportation was a 1978 black Ford van, rented in Tampa, Florida. On April 4, 1978, Marilyn Hampton and Timothy Baldwin drove the van to West Monroe. Jones and the children stayed at a cabin in Holmes State Park, near Jackson, Mississippi. Baldwin and Marilyn Hampton visited Michelle's apartment in West Monroe but left there around 8:00 P.M. Shortly afterward, a van was seen parked in front of Mrs. Peters' house. A man and woman were observed leaving the residence between 10:00 and 11:00 P.M. Shortly before their departure, passerbys saw and heard indications that someone in the Peters' home was being beaten. Baldwin testified in his own behalf and admitted that he and Marilyn visited Mrs. Peters that evening, but denied the murder. Mrs. Peters, who was 85 years old, was beaten with various things, among them a skillet, a stool and a telephone. She remained on the kitchen floor overnight and was discovered the next morning shortly before noon by Elsie Mae Brice, an employee of the Ouachita Council Meals on Wheels, who was bringing her noon meal. Although helpless and incoherent, Mrs. Peters tried to defend herself against the police officers and the ambulance attendants who took her to the hospital. Dr. A. B. Gregory saw her in the emergency room around 12:30 P.M. on April 5, 1978, and found her semicomatose. Her left cheek bone and jaw bone were shattered; she had brain damage from multiple contusions and lacerations. According to Dr. Gregory, Mrs. Peters could not communicate rationally. She died the following day of the injuries. Dr. Frank Chin, who performed the autopsy, attributed her death to massive cerebral hemorrhage and swelling, secondary to external head injuries.
Timothy Baldwin and Marilyn Hampton were subsequently located in El Dorado, Arkansas. Timothy Baldwin signed consents for the search of their motel room and the van. Two blue bank bags, one empty and one containing savings bonds and certificates of deposit payable to Mary James were found in the van.[1] Jones, to whom Marilyn Hampton and Timothy Baldwin had made inculpatory statements both before and after the crime, helped police officers locate a safe which had belonged to the victim in the LaFourche Canal in West Monroe. Baldwin's finger and palm prints were found on various items in the Peters' home: a cigarette lighter, a television set and a coffee cup.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE
Defendant contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion for a change of venue. The evidence at the hearing on the motion was that the newspaper *670 coverage was routine for a murder case. A television story quoted the police chief as saying the crime was "savage" (Tr. 277) and a reporter characterized it as a "brutal slaying" (Tr. 278). However, these descriptions are not exaggerated. The lay witnesses at the hearing were generally unfamiliar with the crime although some had a sketchy impression about it from the news media. The only one who testified that the public had a preformed opinion about defendant's guilt was Ludvic Herlevic, who had known the victim all of his life and took her to church every Sunday. Defendant did not prove that there was such prejudice in the collective mind of the community that a fair trial was impossible. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 622. There was no difficulty in securing an impartial jury. Although only three months elapsed between the murder and the trial, many of the prospective jurors were completely unaware of the crime. The severe offense apparently had little impact on the community. Only one challenge for cause was granted because the prospective juror had a preconceived idea about Baldwin's guilt. There was no basis for a change of venue and the trial court correctly denied the motion. State v. Clark, 340 So. 2d 208 (La.1976); State v. Smith, 340 So. 2d 222 (La.1976).
This assignment lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NUMBER TWO, THREE AND FOUR
Defendant contends that the trial court should have allowed him to enter a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity; should have appointed a sanity commission and should have provided him with an expert psychiatrist at State expense. LSA-C. Cr.P. art. 561 provides that a defendant may withdraw a plea of not guilty and enter the alternate pleas of not guilty and not guilty by reason of insanity within ten days after arraignment, but the court may thereafter allow such a change "for good cause". The trial court found no cause for the change here. At the hearing on the motion for a change of plea, the only evidence of impaired mental capacity was testimony that Baldwin had been a heavy drinker. Compare State v. Taylor, 229 So. 2d 95 (La.1970), where there was both lay and medical evidence of insanity. The trial court correctly concluded that there were no indicia of insanity, and no basis for the appointment of a psychiatrist or a sanity commission. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 643; State v. Clark, 367 So. 2d 311 (La.1979).
These assignments of error lack merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER FIVE
Defendant objects to the trial court's denial of his motion to suppress the evidence seized from the Arkansas motel and the Ford van. There is no question that Baldwin was legally arrested pursuant to a valid warrant. At the hearing on the motion to suppress, four Louisiana detectives testified that Baldwin's written consents to the searches were given freely and voluntarily. Baldwin testified that he was not presented with a warrant for the searches. On cross-examination, he was asked to identify his signatures on the two documents giving permission for the searches and seizures. Counsel attempted to invoke Baldwin's Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination, but the trial court required him to respond. By taking the stand at the suppression hearing, Baldwin subjected himself to cross-examination on the issues relevant to that hearing. State v. Lukefahr, 363 So. 2d 661 (La. 1978). Any consent to the searches was relevant to the question of whether the evidence should have been suppressed. The trial court did not err in requiring Baldwin to identify his signatures. The State carried its burden of proving that Baldwin's consent to the searches was voluntary and uncoerced.
This assignment of error lacks merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER SIX, SEVEN, EIGHT AND TEN
The defense exhausted its peremptory challenges and complains of the trial court's failure to excuse four prospective jurors for cause. The defense challenged all four peremptorily.
*671 It is contended that Ernest Stansel should have been excused because of his personal friendship with Carlton Traweek, a police officer who testified for the prosecution, and because he had a fixed opinion about defendant's guilt.
Although prospective juror Stansel had formed an opinion about defendant's guilt or innocence, he testified that this would not affect his decision and that he could be fair as a juror. Stansel said that his personal friendship with Traweek would not make him believe Traweek's testimony over that of any other witness and would not influence his verdict. Stansel testified that he could vote impartially after listening to the evidence.
It is also argued in brief that Stansel was a personal friend of investigator Charles Dortch, who assisted the prosecution, but Stansel's testimony was that he knew Dortch only to the extent of knowing who he was.
The relationship between Stansel and Traweek was not within the purview of LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 797(3).[2]State v. Watson, 301 So. 2d 653 (La.1974). Stansel was competent to serve as a juror. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 797(2).[3] There was no abuse of discretion in denial of the challenge for cause.
Defendant contends that prospective juror George A. Wood should have been excused because he had served as assistant chief of police for the City of Monroe. Although Wood had served twenty-one years with the Monroe Police Department, he said that he would be fair to both sides in his deliberations. He had been retired for sixteen years at the time of trial. He testified that he would not believe a police officer merely because he was an officer and that he would find defendant not guilty if he had a reasonable doubt in the matter. Woods had no particular connections with this defendant which would have made him ineligible to serve as a juror. Compare State v. McIntyre, 365 So. 2d 1348 (La.1978). The trial court correctly found that Woods' testimony on voir dire showed that he would be a fair and impartial juror, despite his background in police work. See State v. Qualls, 353 So. 2d 978 (La.1977).
Defendant contends that the trial court erred in failing to grant its challenge for cause of prospective juror Manning H. Kemp. Kemp's brother-in-law is a Monroe police officer and he is personally acquainted with other law enforcement people. Kemp stated that the relationship would not influence him but admitted that he would favor the testimony of a police officer over that of the defendant because police officers are trained observers, and have nothing to gain by giving false testimony. When examined by the court, Kemp said that he would give believable testimony from a stranger, which he had no reason to doubt, equal weight with that of a police officer. He testified that he had no preconceived notions about the case and could be a fair and impartial juror, free of any prejudice. Like the prospective juror in State v. Governor, 331 So. 2d 443 (La.1976), Kemp said he would consider the testimony as a whole. He agreed that policemen can make mistakes and said he would not exclude testimony contra to that of a policeman.
Kemp was not unqualified to serve as a juror merely because he regarded policemen as trained observers. This does not imply that he would therefore accept their testimony without question. There was no abuse of discretion in refusal of the challenge for cause. State v. Allen, 380 So. 2d 28 (La.1980).
*672 Both the State and the defense attempted to challenge prospective juror Vera Glass for cause: the State because of her views on capital punishment; and the defense because she thought an indictment was some indiction of guilt, tended to believe law enforcement officers over lay witnesses, and felt that defendant should testify in his own behalf. When the court instructed Ms. Glass that she could not consider the fact that defendant had been indicted as an indication of guilt, she answered that she would not. Ms. Glass' son had been a deputy and she knew other law enforcement officers. She tended to believe police officers because of her son's conscientious attitude about the law and admitted that past discussions with her son would probably affect her. Ms. Glass also admitted that the fact that she had an eighty-five year old mother might influence her and that she would always wonder why a defendant failed to testify. However, she responded to the court's rehabilitating questions correctly and stated that she could base her decision solely on the evidence presented and the instructions given by the court. Ms. Glass indicated that she would accept what the court told her regarding the weight to be given to the testimony, the presumption of innocence, and the defendant's constitutional right to refuse to testify. Her responses show no bias. Despite some confusion, she apparently understood the trial judge's instructions. She was able to extract the gist of his explanation that an indictment cannot be regarded as evidence of guilt and restate it in her own words (Tr. 843-844). Her comprehension was sufficient to make her a competent juror. Compare State v. Nolan, 341 So. 2d 885 (La.1977). There was no abuse of discretion in the refusal to allow the challenge for cause.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER NINE
Defendant contends that a mistrial should have been granted because one of the jurors, Judy Dell Puckett, perjured herself on voir dire. During the trial, it developed that Ms. Puckett knew District Attorney Parkerson and defendant contended that she had denied knowing anyone who worked in the district attorney's office. Ms. Puckett had first been asked on voir dire if she knew anyone in law enforcement. She replied that she did not know anyone currently with the Sheriff's Department. She was not asked if she knew anyone in the District Attorney's office, but only what contact she had had with that office in connection with the theft of her car. She replied that Deputy Gene Hatten took care of the matter and she did not talk to anyone else at the District Attorney's office on that occasion. No false statement was made by Judy Puckett. The trial court found no impediment to a fair trial and correctly denied the mistrial. State v. Forbes, 348 So. 2d 983 (La.1977).
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NUMBER ELEVEN AND TWELVE
These assignments of error relate to allegedly prejudicial rulings relative to the examination of State witness Doris Ellen Baldwin. When the State tried to impeach Doris Baldwin's testimony, the trial court ruled that the State had failed to show either surprise or hostility. LSA-R.S. 15:487, 488. The trial court did, however, allow her to answer a question which was ruled "leading" and a question on re-direct examination which exceeded the subject matter of cross-examination.
Doris Baldwin initially testified that she had talked with Bill Jones on Thursday, April 6, but did not remember whether she had talked to her father that day or not. The State attempted to impeach her on the basis of a prior inconsistent statement. The court made an in camera examination of the statement and found no real inconsistency, but ruled that the State could clarify "hazy areas" (Tr. 1279). Ms. Baldwin was then asked:
"Miss Baldwin isn't it true that in fact you did receive a phone call from Bill and your father about 5:30 on the evening of Thursday ...". (Tr. 1282) *673 The court ruled that the question was leading but not objectionable or prejudicial. Doris Baldwin was allowed to answer yes. When she was queried as to the content of the conversation, the trial court sustained an objection. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing the first question. LSA-R.S. 15:277 prohibits leading questions to one's own witness. Even if the question were leading in that it suggested the phone call had been received, allowing the witness to answer it did not prejudice defendant. State v. Quincy, 363 So. 2d 647 (La.1978).
The State attempted to ask Ms. Baldwin whether she observed any injury to Barbara Hampton's face on Wednesday, April 6, and the trial court maintained an objection on the ground that the subject was not covered on cross-examination. LSA-R.S. 15:281. Counsel for the State then stated that he would recall the witness and defendant consented to the question. By consenting to the questioning, defense counsel waived his objection.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTEEN
Defendant contends that the trial court erred in allowing irrelevant testimony of William Odell Jones in regard to the relationship between Marilyn Hampton and defendant. It is contended that defendant was placed in a bad moral light as one who left his wife for another woman. There is no basis for the contention because both Rita and Timothy Baldwin also testified about the relationship, and Jones' testimony did not add anything.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NUMBER FOURTEEN, FIFTEEN, SIXTEEN, SEVENTEEN AND EIGHTEEN
These assignments of error are directed to the testimony of William Odell Jones that Timothy Baldwin told him he would kill Ms. James [the name by which he knew Ms. Peters] if necessary to get her money. The hearsay testimony was allowed to show defendant's specific intent to murder the victim. LSA-R.S. 15:446. The statements were unquestionably voluntary. Defendant received pre-trial notice that the statements would be used in evidence, and the statements were admissible to prove Baldwin's motive and intention. State v. Weedon, 342 So. 2d 642 (La.1977). They showed Baldwin's state of mind immediately prior to the murder.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NUMBER NINETEEN, TWENTY, TWENTY-ONE, TWENTY-TWO, TWENTY-THREE, TWENTY-FOUR, TWENTY-FIVE, TWENTY-SEVEN, AND TWENTY-EIGHT
Defendant contends that testimony about his arrest in Arkansas and the searches should not have been allowed because there was no probable cause for his arrest, and the searches of the motel room and the van were illegal. Since the arrest was legal and he consented to the resulting searches and seizures, testimony about the circumstances was clearly admissible.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER TWENTY-SIX
Defendant complains that the trial court erred in denying a mistrial when the prosecuting attorney alluded to an appeal.
Defense counsel repeatedly objected to the testimony from the Arkansas deputies and others about the circumstances surrounding the arrest, searches and seizures. In response to one of these objections, the prosecution stated, "... counsel has reserved his rights for appeal, ...". (Tr. 1432) It is contended that the remark was improper and prejudicial, indicating to the jury that defendant would be convicted and would then appeal. Further, it is argued that the jury would regard the appellate process as another type of trial rather than a review of the record and the remark might induce them to convict the defendant because there would be another trial of his *674 guilt or innocence. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 775 provides in pertinent part:
"Upon motion of a defendant, a mistrial shall be ordered, and in a jury case the jury dismissed, when prejudicial conduct in or outside the courtroom makes it impossible for the defendant to obtain a fair trial, or when authorized by Article 770 or 771."
The trial court in its per curiam noted that in its opinion the word appeal did not necessarily connote a guilty verdict in the minds of the jurors. The trial court stated at the time that he did not feel the remark prejudiced defendant, but offered to admonish the jury. Defense counsel declined the admonishment on the ground that it would merely draw attention to the word appeal.
Mere use of the word appeal does not have the prejudicial effect argued by defense counsel. The trial court stated in its per curiam that the jurors' understanding of the judicial process was such that they would probably expect an appeal to result from a trial in all circumstances. The trial court did not feel the word necessarily connoted a conviction or guilty verdict. The remark is not within those enumerated in LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 770 as mandating a mistrial. It is only when the prejudice created by a remark prevents a fair trial and an admonition is insufficient that a mistrial should be ordered. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 771. An admonition would have been sufficient here. Since defendant declined to request one, he cannot complain of any prejudice resulting from its omission. The drastic remedy of a mistrial was not warranted. State v. Heads, 370 So. 2d 564 (La.1979); State v. Matthews, 354 So. 2d 552 (La.1978). It is unlikely that the jury was aware that there is an appeal only from a conviction. No substantial prejudice was demonstrated.
This assignment of error is without merit.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER TWENTY-NINE
Defense counsel objects to the State being allowed to recall a witness to elicit testimony which exceeded the scope of cross-examination. LSA-R.S. 15:281 places the scope of redirect examination within the trial judge's discretion, and LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 765(5) allows the trial court to permit additional evidence prior to argument.
There was no error in allowing the witness to be recalled and defense counsel waived his right to further examination of the witness by stating "that's all we have" (Tr. 1482).
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY
It is contended that the trial court erred in allowing Detective Larry Norris to testify as an expert in fingerprint identification. Norris had been the fingerprint officer for the West Monroe police department for eighteen months and had worked in the development of latent fingerprints for six years. He had specialized in comparison of latent fingerprints for fourteen months prior to trial and had attended various special schools: the Law Enforcement Training Academy at LSU in Baton Rouge; the F.B.I. School at LSU; and the F.B.I. Academy in Quantico, Virginia. See State v. Lewis, 351 So. 2d 1193 (La.1977); State v. Madison, 345 So. 2d 485 (La.1977); and State v. Overton, 337 So. 2d 1201 (La.1976). Norris' testimony shows complete familiarity and knowledge of the subject of fingerprint identification. The trial court did not err in accepting him as an expert in the field of fingerprint identification.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-ONE
Defendant complains about the admission in evidence of Exhibit S-34, a photographic enlargement of a latent palm print found on a cigarette lighter at the scene of the crime and a photographic enlargement of defendant's palm. The exhibit enlarged the photographs to enable the jury to make a visual comparison. A photograph which is otherwise admissible should *675 not be excluded merely because presented in an enlarged form. It is only when the enlargement misrepresents the evidence that such a photograph should be excluded. It is contended that the enlarged prints are not the best evidence because of distortion, but the claim that the enlargements distort the evidence is not substantiated in any particular.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-TWO AND THIRTY-THREE
Defendant contends that he was prejudiced by the State's failure to allow pretrial examination of photographs taken at the site where the safe was found in the LaFourche Canal. Counsel for defendant moved for a mistrial, and the motion was denied. The court allowed defense counsel to view the photographs during a trial recess. A motion was then made to exclude the pictures and all testimony concerning them because of the State's failure to disclose them prior to trial. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 729.5. The trial court ruled that there was no prejudice to the defense and allowed the evidence to be admitted.
The photographs were taken on the morning of the day they were introduced into evidence and could not have been made available prior to trial. The recess to enable defense counsel to examine the evidence cured any surprise and eliminated the necessity of the evidence being excluded. The photographs themselves were not inflammatory or prejudicial; they merely illustrated the scene where the safe was discovered. Allowing defense counsel to view the photographs prior to their introduction was sufficient to assure a fair trial. The trial court found no evidence of bad faith on the part of the State, and there was no abuse of discretion in allowing the photographs into evidence.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-FOUR
Defense counsel moved to exclude testimony by District Attorney Parkerson on the ground that he did not appear on the State's original witness list, and the trial court denied the motion. This is assigned as error.
District Attorney Parkerson was called to rebut an inference of immunity to witness Jones. The State did not know his presence was necessary until the immunity issue was raised, and he was not sequestered. There was no abuse of discretion in allowing the witness to testify. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 764; State v. Bell, 346 So. 2d 1090 (La.1977). The contention that the testimony of a public figure creates an impression of guilt is not justified here, where the only subject was immunity for Jones. Nothing in the testimony indicates a personal belief in defendant's guilt or would create that impression in others.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-FIVE
Defendant objects to admission into evidence of various State exhibits.
A black and white photograph of the victim is allegedly more prejudicial than probative. The photograph (S-16G) shows the extent of the injuries, the identity of the victim and the probable cause of death. It is unpleasant but not gruesome. The probative value outweighs any prejudice. State v. Trass, 347 So. 2d 1156 (La.1977).
Other objects were objected to on the ground of improper identification and an improper chain of custody. These contentions are unfounded.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-SIX
Defendant complains that the trial court erred in refusing to give requested special charge, number 3 as follows:
"The prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt, not only that the offense was committed as alleged in the indictment, but that the defendant was the person who committed it. You must *676 be satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt of the accuracy and correctness of the identification of the defendant before you may convict him. "You are further instructed that it is not necessary for the defendant to prove that another person may have committed the crime; if the circumstances of the identification are not convincing beyond a reasonable doubt, you must find the defendant not guilty." (Tr. 148, 149)
The trial court concludes that the charge was covered by the general charges which stated in pertinent part:
"If you entertain any reasonable doubt as to any fact or element necessary to constitute the defendant's guilt, it is your sworn duty to give him the benefit of that doubt and to return a verdict of acquittal." (Tr. 152) "[If] you find the evidence unsatisfactory upon any single point indispensably necessary to constitute the accused's guilt, this would give rise to such a reasonable doubt as would justify you in rendering a verdict of not guilty." (Tr. 153)
The general charges made it clear to the jury that every element of the crime including the identity of the defendant had to be proven. State v. Stewart, 357 So. 2d 1111 (La.1978).
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-SEVEN
Defendant contends that the trial court should have given requested special charges relating to the plea of not guilty by reason of insanity. Since there was no plea of not guilty by reason of insanity, the charges were inappropriate and correctly denied. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 803.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-EIGHT
Defendant contends that the trial court should have granted a motion for new trial on the ground that there was no evidence of specific intent at the time of the crime. It is contended that defendant may not have realized the consequences of his act because of his mental state or intoxicated condition. The evidence does not establish that defendant was too intoxicated to realize what he was doing at the time the crime was committed, and there is ample evidence of the requisite specific intent at the time the crime was committed.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR NUMBER THIRTY-NINE AND FORTY
Defendant contends that the trial court should have granted his motion to arrest judgment and erred in overruling his objection to imposition of sentence.
The State rested its case at the sentencing hearing on the trial testimony. No additional evidence was presented to show the cruel nature of the offense. Consequently, it is contended that evidence of heinousness was introduced at the guilt portion of the trial in violation of State v. Payton, 361 So. 2d 866 (La.1978).
Because of the particular nature of this crime, the evidence of the cause of death necessarily included some description of Ms. Peters' physical condition. An inference would arise that the crime was a cruel one, but this is not because any effort was made by the State to stress this aspect of the matter. Evidence of the cause of death was admissible and in itself showed the crime to have caused great pain and suffering.
At sentencing, the jury found two aggravating circumstances. The jury was charged as to the statutory mitigating circumstances and there is no reason to believe that these were not properly considered since the verdict states that the recommendation was made "after consideration of the mitigating circumstances" (Tr. 162).
The evidence supports the jury's conclusion that the crime was committed during an armed robbery and that the offense was committed in an especially cruel manner.
*677 SENTENCE REVIEW
Art. 1, § 20 of the Louisiana Constitution of 1974 prohibits excessive punishment. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 905.9 mandates that each death sentence be reviewed to determine if it is excessive under the circumstances. The criteria for review are:
"(a) whether the sentence was imposed under the influence of passion, prejudice, or any other arbitrary factors, and "(b) whether the evidence supports the jury's finding of a statutory aggravating circumstance, and "(c) whether the sentence is disproportionate to the penalty imposed in similar cases, considering both the crime and the defendant." A. PASSION, PREJUDICE OR OTHER ARBITRARY FACTORS
There is no evidence that Baldwin's sentence was imposed because of passion, prejudice or other arbitrary factors.
B. AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES (1) Armed Robbery
Timothy Baldwin admitted that he was carrying a knife when he went to Ms. Peters' house the night of the murder. The knife did not show any evidence of blood, but the other items used to beat Ms. Peters were dangerous weapons in the manner used. State v. Bonier, 367 So. 2d 824 (La. 1979); LSA-R.S. 14:2(3). The safe and its contents which were taken from the premises were in Ms. Peters' immediate control, though not on her person. The fact that the safe was taken from the bedroom and Ms. Peters was beaten in the kitchen is immaterial. The property was in Ms. Peters' home and under her control. State v. Verret, 174 La. 1059, 142 So. 688 (1932).
There is no doubt that Baldwin was engaged in an armed robbery when he killed Ms. Peters. The jury correctly found that statutory aggravating circumstance to be present. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 905.4(a).
(2) Cruelty
An especially cruel murder is one that causes death in a particularly painful and inhuman manner. While this aggravating circumstance necessarily involved some degree of subjectivity, the facts reflect that Ms. Peters was severely beaten with various objects including a skillet, a stool and a telephone, and left to die a lingering death. There can be no question that a prolonged beating is an especially cruel way to commit murder. This is particularly true when the blows are inflicted upon an aged female, who is unable to effectively resist. Ms. Peters' feeble effort to fight her rescuers shows that she was conscious on some level of the need to defend herself. Unable to summon help, she had remained in terror for approximately twelve hours before she was discovered. The record does not clearly show whether Baldwin was aware that he had left Ms. Peters to die a slow death. Undoubtedly he assumed she could not survive his merciless beating or he would not have left her with the possibility of later identifying him. However, he made no effort to end her miserable and suffering condition. His action was atrocious in that it violates the bounds of common decency. The jury correctly found that this murder was committed in an especially heinous, atrocious and cruel manner. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 905.4(g).
The evidence supports both of the statutory aggravating circumstances found by the jury.
C. DISPROPORTIONATE SENTENCE
The sentence review memorandum on behalf of the State of Louisiana shows two other first degree murder convictions in Ouachita Parish between January 1, 1976, and September 5, 1978. One defendant, Charlie Lee Carter, was sentenced to life imprisonment and the other, Dalton Prejean, was given the death penalty. Charlie Lee Carter was a twenty-six year old male, who murdered Alfred C. Carter with a pistol. There were no aggravating circumstances and the jury recommended the lesser penalty of life imprisonment. Dalton *678 Prejean, aged seventeen, killed police officer Donald Cleveland with a revolver. The aggravating circumstance was that the victim was a peace officer engaged in his lawful duties. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 905.4(b). Despite the mitigating circumstance of Prejean's youth, he received the death penalty. LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 905.5(f).
Considering this sentence in relation to the mitigating circumstances in LSA-C. Cr.P. art. 905.5, the Post Sentence Report shows that Baldwin has a prior history of criminal activity commencing at an early age.
There is no evidence that the crime was committed under the influence of mental or emotional disturbance. Dr. John N. Ritchey and Dr. Merritt N. Dearman, a psychiatrist, concluded that Baldwin did not have any mental disorder which prevented him from understanding the proceedings against him and assisting counsel in his defense. Neither doctor found a psychiatric illness or any evidence to suggest a history of psychosis. Dr. Ritchey stated that Baldwin has a "Character Disorder" but no mental impairment. Dr. Dearman felt that Baldwin falls into the category of a "socio-pathic personality, anti-social type."
There is no evidence that Baldwin was under the influence of another person when the crime was committed. On the contrary, he has a strong personality and was a leader rather than a follower, as in his relationship with Jones.
Baldwin did not claim any extenuation for his conduct. Although he denied the crime in interviews with the two physicians, he admitted that Ms. Peters endured "a very brutal death".
There is evidence that Baldwin was drinking on the evening of the crime, but nothing to suggest that his intoxication was such that he was unaware of what he was doing. Far from exhibiting a mental defect, Baldwin is of above average intelligence and claimed an I.Q. of 147.
Dr. Dearman gave Baldwin's date of birth as September 17, 1937, and the Post Sentence Report gives his date of birth as September 17, 1942. Regardless of which is correct, he is a mature man with a large family and not a youthful offender.
There is no evidence that Baldwin's participation in the crime was minor. Although the testimony of his wife and two of his children indicate that Baldwin was at one time a good husband and father this was not the case for a long time prior to the murder. He had left his wife and family, and was not supporting them. It is contended that his high I.Q. would enrich the prison community, but, in view of the doctors' evaluation of his personality, it is doubtful that this would be the case.
The record does not establish that Baldwin's death sentence is disproportionate when viewed in comparison with that meted out for similar crimes or that the sentence is excessive.
For the reasons assigned, the conviction and sentence are affirmed.
DENNIS, J., concurs with reasons.
DENNIS, Justice, concurring.
I respectfully concur.
I remain of the belief that our scheme for review of the proportionality of the imposition of the death penalty is constitutionally flawed in not mandating statewide review of the sentences imposed in similar cases. See State v. Prejean, 379 So. 2d 240, 249 (La.1980) (dissenting from denial of rehearing). However, the extraordinary deliberateness and brutality of this murder of an 84-year old woman for her valuables clearly justifies the death penalty without need of extensive comparison with other offenses.
[*] Honorable Richard H. Gauthier participated in this decision as Associate Justice Ad Hoc.
[1] Mary James was the victim's name prior to her last marriage.
[2] LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 797(3) provides:
"The relationship, whether by blood, marriage, employment, friendship, or enmity between the juror and the defendant, the person injured by the offense, and the district attorney, or defense counsel, is such that it is reasonable to conclude that it would influence the juror in arriving at a verdict;".
"The juror is not impartial, whatever the cause of his partiality. An opinion or impression as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant shall not of itself be sufficient ground of challenge to a juror, if he declares, and the court is satisfied, that he can render an impartial verdict according to the law and the evidence;".
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Specials 38 - Snoopy And The Gang!
This special was of a rather serious nature, as Linus discovers that one of his friends has leukemia, a form of cancer. She has to go to the hospital and stay out of school for awhile. Linus and Charlie Brown visit her at the hospital and they learn a lot about the deadly illness. Upon her return to school, Linus defends her from people who don't quite understand what's going on.


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We could just sit on the huge savings we're making from plunging oil prices. Or we could plough them into developing renewable energy sources that reduce our reliance on expensive and polluting fossil fuels.
A quick calculation of the savings Jordan made last year on its oil bill shows it effectively gained around an extra JD1.6 billion in terms of foreign currency pressure on the balance of payments. It also made around JD700 million in real savings on its budget due to the cut on NEPCO's cost subsidies and the elimination of fuel direct cash transfers.
So in all, Jordan is looking at about a $1 billion cash saving that used to be included in its state budget but wasn't needed for 2015, and for sure won't be on the books for 2016. The question facing us now is what should we do with the saving? Should we just do nothing and be relieved that we don't need to spend this big amount of money over the coming year?
A wiser policymaker would adopt a different approach. After all, we need to keep in mind that oil prices aren't going to stay this low forever. From an economic point of view, this is an opportunity cost that we shouldn't pass up. A smarter way to deal with this manna from heaven is to invest it in developing more renewable energy. If we are really serious about finding a sustainable solution for our energy challenges, then this is the perfect time to do it. It's not enough to make profits at NEPCO for reasons that aren't due to a policy solution, but rather as a result of a windfall. We need to find a permanent solution to our expensive energy bill which is harming both living standards and investors' appetite to come to the country, especially in the industrial sector.
Jordan's unique geography and climate are ideal for generating solar and wind power. The government should create a fund, worth at least JD500 million, to invest in renewable energy. It should be part of the sovereign fund HM King Abdullah called for last year and its financing could partly be met by the remainder of the Gulf grant. With this level of backing, many investors would surely jump at the chance to get involved. Of course, this should be run as a fully commercial investment opportunity and might even be more lucrative if the government decides to set aside an additional 25 percent of the fund for an IPO. This could trigger a new phase for our stock market as well.
In the end, short sighted policy makers will feel happy about the temporary improvement in Jordan's budgetary health and NEPCO's financial performance. Policy makers with an eye on the long-term should insist on using this opportunity to put forward a sustainable solution to our energy challenges.