(1) OVERCOMER. Robyn Bennis provides "A Debut Author's Guide to Social Anxiety".
….If, on the other hand, the above feels like a gross exaggeration of your social anxiety, then perhaps I do have a handful of weird old tips for you.
To get over this, the first thing you have to do is acknowledge that your brain is lying to you. I mean, Suzanne Somers is great and all, but that show just doesn't hold up. Good acting can only go so far in saving such a horrible premise.
Oh, and your brain is also lying about your worthlessness. You are worthy and deserving of the help of others. But seriously, who the hell thought that show was a good idea?
I have excoriated Ben Bova's fiction in the past, but I have nothing but admiration for his work as editor for Analog. While Disco-Era Analog might seem a bit stodgy to modern eyes, at the time Bova was a breath of fresh air. Rather than settle for being a second-rate Campbell, he did his best to be a first-rate Bova. He recruited new authors, many of whom differed (excitingly) from Analog's Old Guard. He also bought more stories by women than did his predecessor1. While some old guard objected to Bova's direction, enough readers enjoyed it to give him a remarkable six Best Editor Hugo Awards, as well as one nomination for the same category….
Eyes of Amber won the Hugo. The Screwfly Solution won a Nebula. Two major awards for stories from one issue is remarkable. Other stories, such as the Tellure, may not have won accolades but were memorable enough for me to remember as soon as I laid eye on them. All things considered, this was a pretty awesome read to be my third ever issue of Analog. It's no surprise that Bova was nominated for a Hugo on the basis of his 1977 work.
…In my mind, whenever someone asks what could be vegan about fantasy, it proves to me that they've never been a vegan reading fantasy. In addition to a lot of the violence and war in the genre (it's usually a central component, even outside of grimdark), the best scenes feature someone riding their steed in a fine leather vest to grab a hock of ham. I'm not even sure I know what hocks are, but I have concluded they are key to the development of fantasy heroes. So, you know, my fiction is just focused a bit differently. In fact, I think that diversity and exploration is what fantasy is all about.
I'm not here to get into all of that, though. I'm here to talk about one of Cat's and my favorite subjects: yummy food. Now, I'm not an authority on gourmet cuisine. Go to a vegan restaurant or check out many amazing online vegan chefs for that. (I'm particularly fond of Richa Hingle.) Hey, I'm not even a great cook. But I haven't eaten meat in almost a quarter century, so I can definitely speak to "what we eat." Don't worry. This is just a quick blog to spark some ideas. But if you don't mind eating plants, here are five simple foods you could give a spin….
(4) WHERE RIVERS AND FANS MEET. The 2018 Confluence will be held at the Sheraton Pittsburgh Airport Hotel from July 27-29, with Guest of Honor Catherynne M. Valente and special music guest S.J "Sooj" Tucker.
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the first Confluence, although it is not the 30th Confluence (they had to skip 1999 and 2013).
Born June 2, 1920 — Bob Madle, one of only two surviving attendees of the very first Worldcon. It's possible Bob is the oldest living SF fan.
Jack Lint doesn't want you to miss Tom Gauld's "Lesser-Known Literary Prizes".
(8) PIONEER FILK. Rob Hansen has added what appears to be the earliest filking fanzine produced in the UK to his THEN fanhistory site: "Songs From Space (1957)".
Presented here is what appears to be the earliest filking fanzine published in the UK, which is dated August 1957. It was published by Eric Bentcliffe, reworked lyrics were by Sandy Sandfield, and artwork by Eddie Jones.
The final song, Space Club Drag, is inspired by The Space Club, a clubroom for London fandom that Helen Winick had tried to establish around the turn of the year.
The most incredible family of superheroes is back. The Parrs, the lovable, fearless family of five we first met in 2004 in The Incredibles, will return for another animated adventure when Disney-Pixar's Incredibles 2 arrives in theaters June 15.
And although 14 years have passed, it's like the clock has barely ticked at all: The new movie picks up seconds after the first one ended, with the same cast of characters. Elastigirl (voiced by Holly Hunter) hurtles back into superhero work, while her husband, Mr. Incredible (Craig T. Nelson), remains behind as a stay-at-home dad with the couple's three kids, teenage Violet (Sarah Vowell), adolescent Dash (newcomer Huck Milner) and baby Jack-Jack.
(10) CONCAROLINAS. David Weber told his Facebook followers the terms under which he agreed to be a ConCarolinas special guest next year.
I have been in contact with Jada at ConCarolinas by Messenger, and she tells me that they will be making a live announcement at closing ceremonies, with the video to be on their Facebook group, which will make clear that going forward they will be inviting guests they feel are genre-related and that as a convention which has never taken a political stance they will not tolerate being told that guests must lean one way or another or that guests are uninvitable because of their political stances. They will expect anyone who attends to be able to be in a room with another person who disagrees with him/her and be civil to one another. They will also not be beholden to bullies or trolls and will not disinvite guests after such attacks. They will also mention what happened to John, and state that the mutual decision for him not to attend was wrong and that they apologize to John for the hurt and the frustration that was caused by their decision and for the fact that their initial statement did not make it clear that HE was the one being harassed and bullied by vile, unfounded allegations (which went so far as to drag his wife into the fire) and threats to harass him at the con which would have turned a regional con into a battleground. On that basis, I have agreed to attend the con as a special guest next year.
Weber also says the convention will give him a contract about his appearance.
People, the object is to fix the problem, not to pile on (from either side) and not for anybody to issue masochistic mea culpas. But there is a point at which grown-ups have to begin the "fix the problem" conversation by acknowledging that they screwed up and publicly apologizing to the object of their screwing up. To be blunt, ConCarolinas owes John Ringo a public apology for not making clear who was the victim and strongly condemning the hatemongers who attacked him AS HATEMONGERS.
Coming from Weber, that is perhaps not a surprising characterization of those who had issues with Ringo's selection as a special guest.
The ConCarolinas chair delivered the statement she negotiated with Weber this afternoon at closing ceremonies – here is the video.
At the moment, I am VERY satisfied. I'm sure that some people are going to wish that there'd been more self-flagellation and public contrition, but she was reading a prepared statement that she wanted to be sure got every point covered. Under the circumstances, I think this is a positive admission of the mistakes that were made, an apology to John, a proper characterization of the vileness of the allegations thundered against him, and a very decent starting point to move forward. And speaking as someone who's had to eat a little crow in public himself upon occasion, I know how hard it is — especially coming back after the fact — to apologize in a case like this.
(11) FAN OVERBOARD. Honor Harrington fandom has been experiencing some rough sailing. Longtime volunteer Tom Coonradt announced his retirement as the Senior Master Chief Petty Officer of the Royal Manticoran Navy due to a conflict with leadership.
…It is with a very heavy heart that I say this.
It is my opinion that John Roberts is the worst possible fit for a first space lord this, or any, Organization could have.
Since before John Roberts became first space lord he has treated me with disdain, condescension, and disrespect. And I know I am not the only one. Culminating with a public outburst at a respected member of this organization at Manticon.
John Roberts refuses to communicate with me in writing, he says because he communicates poorly in writing. My concern is that there is ZERO accountability there. There is no recording of a spoken conversation that can keep a first space lord honest. He has out rightly and in writing (ironically) refused to discuss anything with me at all in writing, even if it is a simple message of "I want to talk to you about this topic, when can I call you?" I had on the phone, only a few short weeks ago, given him several possible solutions to our communication issue. When I thought we had reached a compromise, the only thing he sent me, ironically enough, is the new policy on how to replace the SMCPON. One he refused to discuss further with me after I gave my impressions.
He has no ability to be flexible, and in fact will refuse to listen or even acknowledge any advice, idea or criticism that he doesn't agree with….
The group's website defines The First Space Lord as the Senior Executive Vice President of The Royal Manticoran Navy: The Official Honor Harrington Fan Association, Inc.
The full text of Coonradt's statement can be found attached to a comment on this post.
(12) DEPT. OF HARD TO KEEP SFF AHEAD OF REALITY. At TechCrunch "'Upgrade' director Leigh Whannell talks low-budget worldbuilding".
TechCrunch: It's interesting that it came from your imagination, because in some ways it feels very prescient. We had our own robotics event a couple of weeks ago and one of the big moments onstage was someone in a wheelchair who was able to take a few steps thanks to an exoskeleton.
Whannell: So the exoskeleton that helps people with paralysis walk and move, this movie is the internalized version of that, where it goes one step further and there's nothing exterior. It's a chip.
It has been interesting to watch the world catch up to my script. Because when I wrote the first draft of this script, automated cars and smart kitchens were still science fiction. And in the ensuing years, they've become ubiquitous. I mean, my wife's car parks itself and talks to her. And my daughter thinks it's perfectly normal to have a voice talking to her in the kitchen, and she asks it to play songs and it does. So in a way I feel like I'm living in the world of the movie I wrote all those years ago.
(13) PARVUS IS OPEN. Colin Coyle of Parvus Press says they are open for novel and novella submissions until July 15. See details on the publisher's website under Submissions.
Coyle also notes that their Kickstarter for If This Goes On edited by Cat Rambo has raised $6,074 of its $10,000 goal in the first four days.
(15) HEARTS OF TABAT. Marion Deeds reviews Cat Rambo's Hearts of Tabat at Fantasy Literature.
…On the surface, Hearts of Tabat might be a slightly satirical comedy-of-manners, but the Beasts are growing restless and rebellious, and something (or someone) is trying to siphon away the magic that protects the land. When, abruptly, Bella Kanto is accused of sorcery and exiled, it is clear something is very wrong.
Rambo's world is beautifully described, complex and plausible. Good people are complicated, and aren't always good. Sebastiano works daily with the Beasts, seeing their natures, yet spouts standard bigoted lines about how they can't be accorded the same rights as humans. Adelina's infatuation with Eloquence causes her to ignore her own better judgment. Eloquence himself is charming and seductive, but we see a different side of him at home with his sisters.
A large part of the Tabat society is religion. The Trade Gods and the Moon Temples, with their different belief systems, are depicted convincingly. The effects of poverty are not romanticized. Frankly, Obedience has it so bad at home that when she is abducted along with a magic student I can only think that's going to be a step up for her….
Almost anything will make a Filer burst into verse. I've been clipping the highlights from our own version of La La Land reality for over a year, and today I'm ready to play them for you.
You'll lose your mind, lose your mind, lose your mind!
and the SMOFs who ruled them had courage and greatness.
We have heard of those pixels' heroic scrolling.
Oh! Woe is me! Typos are a misery!
So I'm off to start 'nother pretty thick doorstop!
Morlocks doesn't really work there, but it seemed important at the time.
Cause we scroll for the Tingle and love!
We read SciFi in the sun!
How could he know just what this absence means?
Go granny go granny go granny go!
Why are your eyes always filled with brine?
And Godstalk, I know I'm one!
And they went to sea in a scroll.
But we don't care a pixel! We don't give a fifth!
He's the man, the man with the mouldy touch!
Let's do the Godstalk again.
It's just a click with the left.
And then a box from the right.
Scroll your hands with your hips.
You bring your comments in tight.
That really drives you insane.
It's so dreamy, oh fantasy free me.
So you can't vote me, no, not at all.
Well pixelated I scroll all.
You're on the file drip.
And nothing can ever scroll the same.
You're read like a mountain.
still more books;you cant count´em .
Let's do the Goldstalk again.
Appertain, me hearties, yo ho!
Yo ho, yo ho, a pixel scroll for me!
Seventeen billion pixels and me.
I'll read File Sev'n Seven-teee!
And I scrolled my pixels freee!
When I scrolled my pixels freeeee!
While you're waiting for Santa, appertain yourself a hot chocolate (or stiff belt), settle back, and enjoy this collection of some parody verses and holiday filks that Filers have been leaving in comments the past few months.
Did you get my vote, Chuck Tingle?
Don't put your pixel in the scroll.
It's right there in my blog.
And that's enough of that.
Don't put your pixel in the scroll!
For robinareid, because it's all her fault.** **Not actually her fault. I took laudanum a few liberties with meter, but then, so did Coleridge.
Down to a Kaiju sea.
A bulwark to end the toll of Kaiju-kills.
This movie really didn't work for me.
Why must they rely on giant robot fists?
We have missiles and nukes – mighty armaments!
Why don't you zip it? replies the audience.
Can't you see we're all really enjoying this?
Two mighty Kaiju sinuously emerge.
The Kaiju assault has literally doubled.
Leaves the noble Jaegers scattered like sea-wrack.
Two half-teams, and two battered Jaeger shells.
Chance so slight it's all but lost.
A hopeless trip to depths below?
New-found friend and best ally.
Will dauntless heroes really win?
Rescue by escape pod (one each).
The story ends without a kiss.
Mako Mori Test for the win.
In hopes that Mike Glyer soon would be there.
While visions of Hugo Awards danced in their heads.
Had just settled our laptops for a long winter's nap.
I sprang from the keyboard to see what was the matter.
But a miniature pixel and eight tiny scrolls.
"Now, Kyra! now, Camestros! now, Kurt and Paul!
On, Meredith On, Hampus! on, Red and Wombat!
To the top of the page! to the top of the Google!
With the sleigh full of books and Mike Glyer too.
Down the chimney Mike Glyer came with a bound.
And his pixels were all tarnished with ashes and scroll.
And he looked like a faned, just opening his pack.
His eyes-how they pixeled, his dimples how scrolled!
His cheeks were like gravatars, his nose like an emojii!
And the scroll it encircled his head like a wreath.
Soon gave me to know I had a huge to-be-read.
And filled all the scrollings, then turned with a jerk.
And giving a nod, up the pixel he rose!
The file bears the scroll.
I'm wishing, Lord, that I was scrolled.
That makes a pixel feel alone….
How do you like this ode to Pixel Scrolls?
Now let's read the latest Pixel Scroll!
This, this is pixel scroll!
Filers proved today there is no such thing as an innocent question….
By the way, since this is National Poetry Month, are we having Scroll titles based on poems?
The scroll of March hath perced to the roote . . .
Fans and working writers brings.
Come file with me and read my scroll.
Lives a brave little pixel whom we all admire.
I'll just stop here as I'm not even sure if Glyer and admire rhyme.
Downward to pixels on extended scrolls.
The Scroll That Through the Vile Hive Drives the Pixel.
The scroll of pixels isn't hard to master.
Is all ye file and all ye need to file.
Items in a vile, long File.
I'd ask what I was scrolling in or out.
Don't do the rhyme if you can't do the time….
Oh Pixel, My Pixel (from the Dead Scrollers Society).
And all the scrolls did link.
Nor any pup to think.
Where there's a slate, there's a way!
And the quay it is aa garnished wi bonnie fanboyz round.
He'll fetch himself a Hugo, lads, or know the reason why.
And it's cheer up, ma lads, let yer hearts fill wi hate.
When the Sad and Rabid Puppies nab the Hugos for the slate.
Their angst all pulled aboot them and the salt tears rinnin doon.
Oh, don't you weep, my bonnie Pups, though ye'll be left behind.
For the Beale will pal wi' Scalzi, before we change our mind.
Here's a health tae the Monster Hunter, and the fans who fight the fight.
We'll pack the slate wi Pups me lad, we cannae lose that way.
Wi a load of Puppy Hugos, boys, and money tae oor name.
We'll try and try and try again until the Pups prevail.
Posted in Editorial Notes, Reference Director!	| Tagged Bonnie McDaniel, Greg Hullender, Jack Lint, Jim Henley, Kip W, Peace Is My Middle Name, rea, Soon Lee, Stoic Cynic, The other Nigel, Will R.


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Sex crimes prosecutors have a problem with Rachel Mitchell's attack on Ford
Mitchell wrote a memo casting doubt on Ford's claims — but experts say it has major problems
By Cody Fenwick
Published October 3, 2018 2:00AM (EDT)
Rachel Mitchell listens to Dr. Christine Blasey Ford at the Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on the nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court, September 27, 2018. (AP/Michael Reynolds)
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This article originally appeared on AlterNet.
Rachel Mitchell, a sex crimes prosecutor Republicans hired to questions Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh's accuser, Christine Blasey Ford, has released a memo detailing her conclusions about Ford's sexual assault allegations against the judge. She concludes that it would not be reasonable to bring a case against Kavanaugh, and she extensively criticized Ford's credibility.
Many prosecutors have come forward to dispute Mitchell's memo, however. On CNN's "Anderson Cooper 360" Monday night, sex crimes prosecutors Linda Fairstein and Roger Canaff, who has worked directly with Mitchell, pointed out many flaws in its conclusions.
Both contested Mitchell's claim that the case is essentially a "he said, she said," arguing that any good prosecutor will always find additional evidence and testimony beyond the two conflicting accounts to paint a clearer picture. And yet in Mitchell's case, she only had access to the publicly available evidence and the public hearing she took part in — far too little information to come to firm conclusions.
Fairstein also pointed out that, despite Mitchell's claims to the contrary, her analysis was far from "independent."
"In the first four lines [of the memo], Ms. Mitchell says three times, 'This is my independent report,'" said Fairstein. "The word 'independent' is just ludicrous in light of the role she was brought in to play. She was a hired gun. She was not there as a prosecutor. She was certainly not independent."
Fairstein noted that there were significant lines of questioning that Mitchell abandoned, particularly of Kavanaugh — in part because Republicans decided to stop her questioning of Kavanaugh shortly after his testimony began.
Canaff also noted that Mitchell bizarrely criticized Ford for characterizing the attack she experienced as "sexual abuse" and "physical abuse" at different times, despite the fact that the assault she describes constitutes both. These minor differences, he argued, do not provide any justification for doubting her claims.
Canaff added of Ford: "In 20 years of doing this, Anderson, I've never witnessed a victim who sounded more compelling than she did."
Watch a clip of the segment below:
Cody Fenwick
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Alternet Anderson Cooper Brett Kavanaugh Christine Blasey Ford Cnn Fbi Investigation Rachel Mitchell Republicans Senate Supreme Court
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On 28 February 2013 The All-Party Parliamentary Group for the Prevention of Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity (GPG), in partnership with the National Capital Branch of the Canadian International Council (CIC), hosted a panel presentation featuring GPG Chair, Senator Roméo Dallaire, Auschwitz Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR) Executive Director, Tibi Galis, and US Ambassador at Large for War Crimes, Stephen Rapp. A text version of Senator Roméo Dallaire's presentation, Deconstructing Prevention: The Theory, Policy, and Practice of Mass Atrocity Prevention, is now available.
See here for the full document.


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Category Santos - Biblical
Meaning of the name Prudencio. Name for boys
Are you pregnant and looking for the ideal name for your baby? Our name finder has thousands of names for boys to help you in this important choice. We highlight in the dictionary of meaning of names, the name: Prudencio, which is used both as a name and a surname. It is not a very well-known or popular name among parents' preferences, but it has a curious meaning and that can become a special name for parents who are looking for names of the saint of the month of April, for their baby.
Santa Silvia's Day, November 3. Names for girls
Silvia is a name for a girl of Latin origin that means & 39; the one who inhabits the forests & 39 ;. From him derives the noun that we know as & 39; selva & 39; and it is a very emotional name that can be perfect for your daughter. Silvia has been a frequent name since the 1960s, but in all this time she has not lost freshness or naturalness.
Santa Beatriz Day, November 6. Names for girls
Beatriz is a name for a girl of Latin origin that means & 39; the one that makes you happy & 39 ;. It is thus a sound name and of great beauty of meaning that can be perfect for your daughter. Beatriz has been a frequent name for decades, but she has not lost any freshness or sophistication.
Santo Alonso Day, October 31. Names for boys
Alonso is a name for a boy of Germanic origin that means & 39; ready for combat & 39 ;. It is a very attractive name for any child due to its meaning and sound. Although it is not one of the most frequent names, it is gaining popularity for that original and distinguished touch. He celebrates his name day on October 31, which is the day of San Alonso Rodríguez.
Saint Martin's Day, November 3. Names for boys
Martín is a name for a boy of Latin origin that means & 39; warrior & 39 ;. It comes, like Marcos, from the Roman god of war, Mars, so we are dealing with a name full of strength and personality. It is one of the most used names for boys at the moment. It is so loved by parents around the world for its simplicity and strength.
Saint Irene's Day, October 20. Names for girls
Irene is a name for a girl of Greek origin that means & 39; peace & 39 ;. It is one of the most beautiful names for its musicality and meaning, so it can be the ideal name for your daughter. In recent years it has been gaining popularity and is already on the list of frequent names for that tendency to revitalize traditional names that are not worn out by use.
Saint Leonardo's Day, October 23. Names for boys
Leonardo is a name for a boy of Germanic origin that means & 34; he who has the strength of a lion & 34 ;, a meaning that will determine the character of your child very positively. Although it is not one of the most frequent names, its use is not strange, but rather provides a very suggestive touch of originality and distinction.
Our Lady of Almudena Day, November 9. Names for girls
Almudena is a name for a girl of Arabic origin that means & 39; wall & 39;, which anticipates some of the strength of character that this beautiful, sonorous and forceful name prints. Although it is not one of the most frequent names, its use is not strange or old-fashioned, but very familiar and with a touch of sensitivity like few others.
Names of children without saints that we celebrate on All Saints' Day
For many years, especially until the middle of the last century, it was almost a sacred tradition for babies to be named according to their saints on the day they were born. However, there are many other names that, for different reasons, do not have onomastics. This exception to the tradition is resolved every November 1, the date on which All Saints' Day is celebrated and which is, therefore, that special day for those names of children without a saint.
Saint Joel's Day, October 19. Names for boys
Joel is a name for children of Hebrew origin that means & 39; Yahweh is God & 39;, although with the use and passage of time, the religious connotations of its meaning have disappeared. In recent times, Joel is positioning himself as one of the frequent names, and he likes it because he combines tradition with originality.
Saint Luke's Day, October 18. Names for boys
Lucas is a name for a boy of Latin origin that means & 39; luminous & 39 ;. Thus, it is a name of exceptional beauty of meaning that can be perfect for your child. Although it is not one of the most frequent names, in recent times it has been gaining popularity for its simplicity and the touch of distinction it brings.
Calendar of the names of November saints
November Saints' Name Calendar There is a very widespread tradition of choosing your baby's name according to the name day celebrated on the day of his birth. If you leave accounts soon, you have to know what the saints are like for this month. For this, on our site we bring you the calendar of the names of the saints in November.
Day of the Virgin of Pilar, October 12. Names for boys
Pilar is a name for a girl of Latin origin that means & 39; the one who supports her loved ones & 39 ;. It is a charming name for its simplicity and forcefulness that can be perfect for your daughter. Although it is not one of the most frequent names today, it is recovering some of the popularity it enjoyed a few decades ago.
Santa Teresa Day, October 15. Names for girls
Teresa is a name for a girl of Greek origin that means & 39; the huntress & 39;, although there is no shortage of who attributes a Greek origin to her with the meaning of & 39; miraculous & 39 ;. In any case, it is a perfect name for your daughter because it combines tradition and simplicity, providing a touch of distinction.
Nicholas. Meaning and origin of the name Nicolás
The wait becomes lighter if you start looking for the name for the baby. Before even knowing if it is going to be a boy or a girl, you can weigh the different options in names, whether it is going to be a modern or traditional name, a variant in another language, a literary or nature-related name.
Saint Edward's Day, October 13. Names for boys
Eduardo is a name for a boy of Germanic origin that means & 39; the guardian of wealth & 39 ;. It is a perfect name for your child for its simplicity and beauty of meaning. Although it is not one of the most frequent names today, its use is very familiar thanks to tradition.
Day of the Holy Angel, October 2. Names for boys
Angel is a name for a boy of Greek origin that means & 39; messenger & 39;, being an angel who transmits good news, so we are facing one of the most beautiful traditional names. It is a frequent name that has not lost popularity with use, something that is not surprising for its musicality and forcefulness.
Day of Santo Sergio, October 8. Names for boys
Although its origin seems somewhat uncertain, it is often said that Sergio is a name for a boy of Etruscan origin that means & 39; the guardian & 39 ;. It is a very popular name for its sound and forcefulness, so it can be perfect for your child. Nowadays it is a frequent name that is liked for its traditional flavor and the touch of distinction it brings.
Saint Francis Day, October 4. Names for boys
Francisco is a name for boys of Germanic origin that means & 39; free man & 39 ;. It is a name with a great beauty of meaning that can be perfect for your child. We are facing one of the frequent names that can be used alone or as a compound name. In any case, Francisco exudes tradition and distinction.
Calendar of the names of October saints
Calendar of the names of the October saints In order to help you choose a name for your baby, Guiainfantil.com has prepared this beautiful calendar of the saints with names for each day of the month of October. Choose a nickname for your baby among the many names of saints that are celebrated in the tenth month of the year.
Best (and most original) biblical names in 2020 for boys and girls
Whether your pregnancy is just beginning or you are about to see the face of your newborn baby, surely something that you cannot get out of your mind is the name it will bear. Would you like the nickname for your son or daughter to be inspired by the Bible in order to maintain this tradition? Be sure to read the list of the best best biblical names in 2020 for both boys and girls.
Copyright 2023 \ Santos - Biblical...


AUD 7,649 Excl. Duties / Taxes.
This Oval diamond is 1.01 carat in weight, and comes with Excellent polish and Very Good symmetry, as verified from an independent gemological laboratory. The diamond is graded G in colour, and has a clarity grade of VS2. The diamond's GIA grading report number is 7286349607, which will detail further its specifications and measurements, and will also come with the purchase of the stone.
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This Oval diamond is 0.8 carat in weight, and comes with Very Good polish and Good symmetry, as verified from an independent gemological laboratory. The diamond is graded F in colour, and has a clarity grade of VS2. The diamond's GIA grading report number is 6211844027, which will detail further its specifications and measurements, and will also come with the purchase of the stone.


Genre: M/M, coming of age.
to have fun with my friends and make mistakes.
But little did I know that my father had other plans.
A daily life lesson constantly spat in my face.
Every day, for years, I've been told that I'm wrong.
That no matter what, I'm an abomination.
that what I am is a betrayal to my family.
Simply for being me. Simply for being gay.
Now, all I want is to be free from this nightmare that I'm trapped in.
To find the one that got away.
so he can save me from myself.
I feel someone walk up to me, quiet and careful. I look to my right and my heart speeds up. Standing next to me is Grayson. I feel my palms get sweaty as I start to feel the familiar pull to the kid in front of me. I want to hug him, kiss him, protect him, love him.
I laugh to myself. I've never wanted these things as badly as I wanted them with Grayson, especially not love. And definitely not with a virtual stranger. I don't think I even know how to love but seeing this painting, seeing these different sides of Grayson come out, no matter how big or small they're becoming known to me, are things I've come to cherish. Love is the only thing I can explain for these foreign feelings that I'm not allowed to feel or share. But I want to share them so badly with him.
If he knew how I felt about him, if my dad did, then I have a feeling I'd be screwed, permanently.
I look down to meet the eyes that inspire my dreams and save me from my nightmares; into the face that has been my salvation throughout my own hell almost every night of my life. If only he knew how much he saved me on a nightly basis.
"It's beautiful." I whisper the words to him, keeping our first exchange of words private and between us. I walk away before he can say anything, if he heard me at all, and go to find Mr. Parker.
Whatever happens from here on out, I can say that at least I've known love for another, even if for a few minutes.
Morgan lives in the south of Texas, going back and forth from Austin and Houston, with her husband. When she's not writing, she can usually be found with her nose stuck in a book, cooking, baking, crocheting, and causing a general ruckus with her friends and family! Filled with an overactive imagination at a young age, she began writing her thoughts down in a journal, and the rest, as they say, is history.


'Butchering their hair': Paramedics feel..
Dozens of paramedics have been left feeling "violated" after drug testers took huge chunks of their hair in what's been described as a "brutal and barbaric" process.
Head of the Ambulance Employees Association of Victoria Danny Hill told Neil Mitchell between "25-25" Ambulance Victoria employees were subjected to the drug testing ordeal.
"Typically, in Australian research, refers to 120 strands of hair, which is about the thickness of an iPhone charger cable," Danny said.
"In this instance, one of the young women I spoke with had an area of hair taken out that was 9cm by 3cm across.
Dozens of @AmbulanceVic paramedics left humiliated and traumatised after barbaric hair testing. This is one sample. Each paramedic had two samples taken.
"Drug testing does happen in Ambulance, the union is supportive of that," he added.
"But this is just completely undignified, it's brutal, it's barbaric, we have a lot of upset people at the moment.
"They feel violated in the way this test has been done and we can understand why they'd feel that way.


text:
Justia Patents US Patent Application for Compensation for modulation distortion Patent Application (Application #20070057737)
Compensation for modulation distortion
Sep 14, 2005 -
A modulation distortion compensation system for a phase locked loop 109 includes a compensation function (115) that is arranged to be coupled to a tuning voltage signal (117) corresponding to a tuning voltage from the phase locked loop and is configured to select a filter response from a plurality of filter responses, where the filter response corresponds to the tuning voltage. The distortion compensation system further includes a filter 224 that is configured to distort a modulation signal in accordance with the filter response and provide a distorted signal suitable for being coupled to a modulation input 211 of a feedback divider 209 included with the phase locked loop, wherein the distorted signal when used by the feedback divider will facilitate modulation and compensation of a radio frequency signal provided by the phase locked loop. Various environmental measurements in addition to the tuning voltage can also be used in selecting the filter response.
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This invention relates in general to communication transmitters and more specifically to compensation for phase locked loop (PLL) modulation distortion in such transmitters.
The use of phase locked loops in transceivers is known. They are normally used together with a crystal oscillator to realize a signal with a frequency that may be varied in accordance with the radio frequency of different communication channels and still maintain the relatively stable frequency drift over time and temperature associated with the crystal oscillator. In systems where information is transferred by the radio frequency signal in the form of phase modulation of the radio frequency signal, a phase locked loop may also be used to induce this modulation on the radio frequency signal.
However when the phase locked loop is directly modulated various problems may be encountered. For example the characteristics of a phase locked loop and the ability to directly modulate the phase locked loop will depend on the loop bandwidth. Other characteristics of a phase locked loop will also depend on the loop bandwidth. For example, the time to switch from one frequency to another (sometimes referred to as lock time) will depend on the phase locked loop bandwidth. Furthermore, the loop bandwidth as well as other loop parameters will influence phase noise levels, etc.
One of the results of these tradeoffs is that a practical phase locked loop may not have a flat amplitude or linear phase response for a modulation signal. Other variables, for example the tuning sensitivity of a voltage controlled oscillator associated with the phase locked loop, may vary in practical loops. All of these factors contribute to modulation distortion and the need to compensate for this distortion. One known technique is using a filter to shape a modulation signal prior to modulating a loop, however this often does not provide sufficient compensation for many systems. Other approaches use an adaptive filter but these require training times and some systems may not have the time or processing resources for the training.
The accompanying figures, where like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally similar elements throughout the separate views and which together with the detailed description below are incorporated in and form part of the specification, serve to further illustrate various embodiments and to explain various principles and advantages all in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 1 depicts, in an exemplary transmitter including a simplified block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 depict a more detailed block diagram of alternative exemplary embodiments of a phase locked loop and modulation distortion compensation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates a generalized architecture of an infinite impulse filter that may be utilized in one or more embodiments of a modulation distortion compensation system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of magnitude and group delay modulation response for one embodiment of a phase locked loop;
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph of magnitude and group delay response required to compensate for the FIG. 5 response;
FIG. 7 shows a table of expected results for modulation distortion for a single filter versus a plurality of filters; and
FIG. 8 illustrates filter selection versus a variety of variables associated with a phase locked loop.
In overview, the present disclosure concerns communications equipment such as transmitters used in equipment and devices or units that are utilized to provide services for users thereof. More particularly various inventive concepts and principles embodied in apparatus and methods for providing or effecting compensation for phase locked loop modulation distortion for transmitters within communication equipment or units, where the phase locked loop systems operate to provide a radio frequency signal with modulation to transmitter amplifiers and the like are discussed and described. The systems and transmitters of particular interest are those being developed and deployed that use various forms of phase or complex modulation, i.e., modulation with a phase component, of a radio frequency signal to transfer information. In such transmitters a phase locked loop can be used to apply the modulation to the radio frequency carrier or signal and known problems with modulation distortion by the phase locked loop or synthesizer often need to be addressed. In some systems or equipment, e.g., frequency hopped systems utilized in Instrumentation, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band or Family Radio Service (FRS) band, it is important that the compensation be efficient in terms of time or processing resources and the concepts and principles described herein may be particularly useful in these situations.
As further discussed below various inventive principles and combinations thereof are advantageously employed to select a filter response that corresponds, for example, to one or more of a tuning voltage associated with a phase locked loop or other environmental variables, e.g., power supply voltage or temperature and then predistort a modulation signal in accordance with the filter response and provide the resultant distorted signal to a modulation input, e.g., a feedback divider or loop divider input and thereby facilitate modulation and effect compensation for any modulation distortion resulting from the phase locked loop. This inventive compensation system and techniques can be particularly advantageously utilized in transmitters where carrier frequencies change often or where very little time or processing resources are available when a carrier frequency does change, thereby alleviating various problems associated with known compensation systems and facilitating lower cost higher performance transmitters, provided these principles or equivalents thereof are utilized.
The instant disclosure is provided to further explain in an enabling fashion, the best modes of making and using various embodiments in accordance with the present invention. The disclosure is further offered to enhance an understanding and appreciation for the inventive principles and advantages thereof, rather than to limit in any manner the invention. The invention is defined solely by the appended claims including any amendments made during the pendency of this application and all equivalents of those claims as issued.
It is further understood that the use of relational terms, if any, such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
Much of the inventive functionality and many of the inventive principles are best implemented with or in integrated circuits (ICs) using hardware or hardware and software or firmware instructions, such as custom or semi-custom ICs, e.g., application specific ICs, that include a processing or digital signal processing function. It is expected that one of ordinary skill, notwithstanding possibly significant effort and many design choices motivated by, for example, available time, current technology, and economic considerations, when guided by the concepts and principles disclosed herein will be readily capable of generating such instructions and ICs with minimal experimentation. Therefore, in the interest of brevity and minimization of any risk of obscuring the principles and concepts according to the invention, further discussion of such software and ICs, if any, will be limited to the essentials with respect to the principles and concepts of the preferred embodiments
Referring to FIG. 1, an exemplary transmitter including a simplified block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system according to the present invention will be discussed and described. The transmitter, etc. of FIG. 1 depicts in a generalized manner various processing functions starting with DATA bits at an input 101 that is mapped to symbols for transmission at a symbol mapper or encoder 103. The output stream of symbols is applied to a pulse shaping filer 105. The pulse shaping filter is known and will vary with the particulars of the modulation but generally operates to round off any corners and thus attenuate corresponding higher frequency components of the symbol stream. Often a Gaussian filter, e.g., a finite impulse response (FIR) filter with a Gaussian shaped response will be specified by an underlying system standard or utilized by designers of proprietary systems.
As will be further described below, the output of the pulse shaping filter 105 is a modulation signal and is applied to a filter 107, i.e., a predistortion or compensation filter, where the response of this filter is selected from a plurality of filter responses. The output of the filter is a distorted signal or predistorted modulation signal that is coupled to a transmit frequency synthesizer or phase locked loop (PLL) and used facilitate modulation of the PLL or specifically voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) that is part of the PLL and to effect compensation for modulation distortion resulting from the PLL characteristics or variations within components of the PLL. The output 110 of the PLL 109 includes a radio frequency signal that can be centered, e.g., at the carrier frequency, and includes modulation where any modulation distortion (amplitude or group delay) has been reduced or compensated for by the distorted signal. This radio frequency signal will be processed by various additional known transmitter functions, e.g., transmit amplifiers, etc. 111 and applied to an antenna 113.
Also shown in FIG. 1, is a compensation function 115. The modulation distortion compensation system includes the compensation function 115 and the filter(s) 107. The compensation function 115 is coupled to a tuning voltage output 117 and thus a tuning voltage signal. The compensation function in various embodiments is configured to select a filter response from a plurality of filter responses, where the filter response is selected in accordance with one or more of a tuning voltage signal at the tuning voltage output 117 and an environmental signal, e.g., a supply voltage signal or temperature signal. The compensation function in some embodiments includes a tuning voltage sensor (ADC) 119 that is coupled to a filter selection function 121. The filter selection function is coupled at 123 to the filter 107 and operates to insure that the filter response that has been selected is implemented by the filter 107. The compensation function in additional embodiments includes environmental measuring functions 125 or sensors with a temperature function 127 and supply voltage function 129 each with outputs coupled to the filter selection function 121.
Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, more detailed block diagrams of alternative exemplary embodiments of a phase locked loop and modulation distortion compensation system according to the present invention, will be briefly discussed and described.
FIG. 2 illustrates the PLL 109 in more detail. As depicted, a reference signal at 201 is input to a phase detector 203 which is coupled to a loop filter 205 that has a tuning voltage output 117. Typically the reference signal is supplied by a crystal oscillator and a reference divider (not shown). The tuning voltage output is coupled to a VCO 207 that operates to provide a radio frequency signal with a frequency corresponding to the tuning voltage at 110, where this signal includes modulation and may be centered at, e.g., a carrier frequency. The signal out of the VCO is coupled to a feedback divider 209 that has a modulation input 211 and is configured to be programmed by a divider modulus at 213. The output of the feedback divider or loop divider is coupled to the phase detector 203.
Generally the operation of a PLL is known and the literature is replete with references for those who are interested or desire a more detailed review. Essentially the phase detector outputs a signal corresponding to a phase difference between the reference signal and the signal at the output of the feedback divider. This signal is filtered by the loop filter and applied to the VCO. The frequency of the radio frequency signal from the VCO is divided down by the feedback divider according to the divider modulus or divisor. Due to the feedback loop, any difference between the frequency of the signals at the inputs to the phase detector will be eliminated since the phase difference would otherwise grow without bound. The frequency of the signal at the output of the VCO will be equal to the reference frequency multiplied by the divisor or divider modulus of the feedback divider. Many PLLs today use so called fractional (frac) N feedback dividers and these operate as is known to effectively implement a non integer, e.g., 10,000.5, divisor in the feedback divider. Generally a frac N divider switches between different divisors and the proportion of time the divider is operating with one divisor versus other divisors determines the effective divisor.
Frac N dividers may also be used to frequency or phase modulate the radio frequency signal by essentially changing the effective divider modulus in accordance with the modulating signal. Those or ordinary skill will realize that frequency components of the modulation signal as reflected at the output of the feedback divider and thus phase detector will modulate the VCO output signal frequency only to the extent these frequency components are allowed to pass through the loop filter. In many practical systems the loop filter bandwidth will be on the order of the modulation signal bandwidth and thus the loop filter magnitude and phase response can be a significant contributing factor to modulation distortion.
Another source of modulation distortion is a VCO. As the desired channel or carrier frequency changes, the tuning voltage required to drive the VCO to provide this signal frequency also changes. Typical VCOs will also experience a change in tuning voltage sensitivity (normally expressed in MHz/volt units) as a function of the tuning voltage. For example in one embodiment, as the tuning voltage varies from a minimum to a maximum, e.g., 0.5. volts to 2.0 volts, the tuning sensitivity of the VCO more than doubles, e.g., 6 MHz/volt to 14 MHz/volt. When a modulation signal is applied and a certain change in frequency is expected, this change in tuning sensitivity means that the change in frequency will vary widely depending on what channel or carrier frequency is being provided by the VCO. Other reasons for or causes of modulation distortion, such as changes in environmental variables (temperature, supply voltage, etc.) or loop gains, etc. may also need to be taken into consideration. Compensation systems for mitigation of modulation distortion can be used to reduce the amount of the modulation distortion.
One or more embodiments of modulation distortion compensation system for use with the PLL is shown in FIG. 2. The PLL 109 comprising the phase detector 203, the loop filter 205 including the tuning voltage output 117, the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 207 configured to provide the modulated radio frequency signal at 110, and the feedback divider 209 with the modulation input 211 are all intercoupled as a phase locked loop where compensation for modulation distortion may be needed. A compensation function 115 (P/O the distortion compensation system) is coupled to the tuning voltage output 117 and is configured to select a filter response from a plurality of filter responses, where the filter response is selected in accordance with at least a tuning voltage signal at the tuning voltage output. For example, in one embodiment the compensation function further comprises an analog to digital converter 219 that is coupled to the tuning voltage output and configured to convert the tuning voltage signal to a digital tuning voltage signal and a look up table 221. The digital tuning voltage signal is used to facilitate access to the lookup table to select one or more parameters associated with the filter response. Note that the analog to digital converter 219 may also include a register, etc. and rounding operation if needed, similar to the arrangements noted below with reference to various environmental functions. However since the tuning voltage in a given application is likely to be well known and carefully characterized, a simple ADC that provides a relatively small digital word, e.g., a 3 bit word, can be sufficient for many applications. It is also noted that the tuning voltage output is shown as directly connected to the loop filter and VCO junction, however in practice due to the susceptibility of this junction to noise and interference various isolation stages will normally be present between the loop filter and the tuning voltage output and it may be appropriate to only enable the tuning voltage output when an updated distortion filter response is indicated (e.g., every time the PLL changes frequencies or reacquires lock or the like).
The modulation distortion compensation system also comprises a filter 224, operationally analogous to the filter 107, that is configured to distort a modulation signal, e.g., transmit data symbols from 103 as shaped by the shaping filter 105, in accordance with the filter response and provide a distorted signal to the modulation input 211. The distorted signal or predistorted modulation signal can be used by the feedback divider in the phase locked loop to facilitate modulation of the VCO and effect compensation for or reduce or mitigate modulation distortion resulting from the phase locked loop, whether due to the dynamics of the PLL or variations in its constituent components.
The filter in certain embodiments includes a digital filter with programmable coefficients and the compensation function is configured to select the filter response by providing coefficients, e.g., predetermined coefficients, for the digital filter that correspond to the filter response. In other embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 3, the modulation distortion compensation system further comprises a multiplexer coupled to the compensation function and the filter further comprises a plurality of filters each with a unique filter response corresponding to one of the plurality of filter responses. As further discussed below, the compensation function is then configured to select the filter response by providing a select signal to the multiplexer.
In one or more embodiments, the compensation function further comprises one or more environmental measuring functions 125, such as a temperature measuring function 127 configured to provide a temperature signal or power supply voltage measuring function 129 configured to provide a voltage signal. The filter response in these instances will be selected in accordance with the tuning voltage signal and one or more of the temperature signal and the voltage signal.
The temperature measuring function 127 in some embodiments further comprises an analog to digital converter 225 with an input for receiving a temperature indication, e.g., from a device or sensor or the like (PN junction varies about 2.2 milli volts per degree Celsius) and an output for providing a digital temperature indication. The digital temperature indication is provided to a temperature converter 227 for converting the digital temperature indication to the temperature signal, where the temperature signal comprises in some embodiments a digital temperature signal. Note the temperature converter may be as simple as a register for storing a digital word, e.g., an 8 bit word, but can also represent any normalization or calibration processes that may be desired. The output of the converter 227 is shown coupled to a rounding operation 229 where the digital word can be rounded off as needed, e.g., the 8 bit word can be converted to a 4 bit word corresponding to a 4 bit rounded version of the 5 most significant bits. The resultant temperature signal is coupled to the look up table 221 and can be used in conjunction with the tuning voltage signal to select a frequency response.
Similarly, the power supply voltage measuring function further comprises an analog to digital converter 231 with an input for receiving a power supply voltage indication and an output for providing a digital voltage indication. The digital voltage indication is provided to a voltage converter 233 for converting the digital voltage indication to the voltage signal. Again this can be a register for storing a digital word and may include normalization and calibration processes. Thus the voltage signal comprises a digital voltage signal and may also be sent through a rounding operation 235 where, e.g., an 8 bit word is rounded to a 3 bit voltage signal and the resultant voltage signal is coupled to the look up table 221 and can be used in conjunction with the tuning voltage signal, temperature signal, etc. to select a frequency response.
Given the tuning voltage signal, temperature signal, or voltage signal or a particular combination of these signals, as an address to the look up table, access to a particular location in the look up table 221 can provide one or more parameters associated with a desired filter response. For example, predetermined filter coefficients can be stored at that location and provided at output 223. These predetermined filter coefficients can be used to configure the predistortion filter 224. Given that an IIR filter is one embodiment of a suitable filter and possibly as many as 8 coefficients (4 numerator and 4 denominator coefficients) each 32 bits long may be needed to implement an IIR filter that provides a proper response, the look up table can become relatively large, if each of the possible locations available with a 10 bit address contains these 8 coefficients. However using this approach allows a large number of predetermined filter responses to be made available if that is required in order to sufficiently compensate for the modulation distortion. Similarly, if an FIR filter architecture is used, the number of taps required can be approximately 40 taps where each tap may require approximately 16 bits to define.
In an alternative embodiment, access to a particular location in the look up table can provide an indication of one set predetermined filter coefficients out of a plurality or multitude of such sets with the indication provided at output 223. The indication would be used to select the one set from various such sets and program or configure the filter 224. For example, if a small number (relative to the 10 bit address range of the look up table) of predetermined filter responses is deemed sufficient to provide compensation, each location in the look up table can be populated with an indication for one of the small number of filter responses, i.e., 000, 001, 010, 011, . . . , where each of these 3 bit words indicates a particular set of predetermined filter coefficients. The indication would be used to select via a multiplexer or the like (not specifically shown in FIG. 2) the proper set of filter coefficients and configure the filter 224 accordingly.
FIG. 3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the modulation distortion compensation system for a phase locked loop. Generally the various functions or features of FIG. 3 are similar to FIG. 2 except where indicated by a 3xx reference numeral. The description and discussion of FIG. 3 will generally be limited to those elements or features that are new except that a summary of the concepts and inventive principles will be provided in closing. FIG. 3 shows a sensor ADC 301 that may be shared among various environmental sensors in order to convert various environmental indications to corresponding signals, e.g., temperature signals and voltage signals.
A look up table 303 is coupled to various signals, e.g., a tuning voltage signal, temperature signal, and supply voltage signal that are used to form an address that allows access to a particular location in the look up table. In this look up table an indication, e.g., 3 bit word or the like, much as described above for a particular predetermined filter response and thus filter is stored at each location in the table. This indication is provided at output 304 to a multiplexer 305. The multiplexer then couples the output of one filter (filter1 307, . . . filterN 311) out of a multitude of filters 309, where the one filter corresponds to the indication from the look up table, to the modulation input 211. In situations where the compensation system must be modified and begin acting quickly the approach of FIG. 3 may be preferred. Since the filters are digital filters and can be implemented as firmware instructions executed by a digital signal processor or the like or in other embodiments implemented in hardware these filters can essentially be operating on a continuous basis and thus any delay associated with configuring the filter and reaching a steady state will not be encountered in simply switching the appropriate filter output to the modulation input.
As a brief review FIG. 1-FIG. 3 and the discussions above have described the inventive concepts and principles corresponding to a novel modulation distortion compensation system for a phase locked loop. The modulation distortion compensation system includes a compensation function 115 arranged to be coupled to a tuning voltage signal corresponding to a tuning voltage from the phase locked loop and configured to select a filter response from a plurality of filter responses, where the filter response corresponds to the tuning voltage. Further included is filter 307, 309, 311 that is configured to distort a modulation signal in accordance with the filter response and provide a distorted signal suitable for being coupled to a modulation input of a feedback divider included with the phase locked loop. This distorted signal when used by the feedback divider will facilitate modulation and compensation of a radio frequency signal provided by the phase locked loop.
The compensation function in certain embodiments further comprises an analog to digital converter arranged to be coupled to the tuning voltage signal and configured to convert the tuning voltage signal to a digital tuning voltage signal; and a look up table, the digital tuning voltage signal used to facilitate access to the lookup table to select one or more parameters associated with the filter response. The compensation function can include an environmental measuring function configured to provide an environmental signal, where the filter response is selected in accordance with the environmental signal and the tuning voltage signal.
The environmental measuring function can include a temperature measuring function or supply voltage measuring function each configured to provide, respectively a temperature signal or voltage signal. The filter response is then selected in accordance with the temperature signal, the voltage signal and the tuning voltage signal. The temperature measuring function and supply voltage measuring function each comprise either a shared or an individual analog to digital converter with an input for receiving a temperature indication or supply voltage indication and an output for providing a digital temperature or digital voltage indication; and a temperature or voltage converter for converting the digital temperature or voltage indication to the temperature or voltage signal, respectively.
The filter for the modulation distortion compensation system in various embodiments further comprises a digital filter with programmable coefficients and the compensation function is configured to select the filter response by providing coefficients for the digital filter that correspond to the filter response. In one embodiment, the modulation distortion compensation system further comprises a multiplexer coupled to the compensation function and the filter includes a plurality or multitude of filters each with a unique filter response corresponding to one of the plurality of filter responses. The compensation function is configured to select the filter response by providing a select signal to the multiplexer.
Referring to FIG. 4, a generalized architecture of an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter that may be utilized in one or more embodiments of a modulation distortion compensation system in accordance with the present invention will be briefly described and discussed. The filter 400 of FIG. 4 illustrates the numerator coefficients (b0, b1, . . . bN−1 401) and the denominator coefficients (a0, a1, . . . aN−1 403) that may be chosen to adapt the location of zeros and poles such that a desired filter response can be obtained as is generally known. The filter 400 is suitable for utilization as any of the filters 307, 309, 311 of FIG. 3, filter 224 of FIG. 2, or filter 107 of FIG. 1. While an IIR filter has been shown it is equally plausible to use a FIR filter architecture.
Referring to FIG. 5, a graph of magnitude and group delay modulation response for one embodiment of a phase locked loop is shown and will be briefly discussed and described. Generally, FIG. 5 is indicative of the modulation distortion that needs to be addressed. FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of a phase locked loop for three different magnitude and group delay responses of the closed loop phase locked loop system. These include a "max case" with −3 dB magnitude corner at 42 KHz, a "typical case" with a −3 dB magnitude corner at 30 KHz, and a "min case" with a −3 dB magnitude corner at 16.5 KHz. Generally FIG. 5 shows magnitude 501 and group delay 503 as a function of modulation signal frequency 505. A modulation signal with a given amplitude is applied to the phase locked loop and the frequency of this modulating signal is varied from 0 Hz to 60 KHz. The resultant frequency modulation of a radio frequency signal is measured and the magnitude and group delay are plotted in FIG. 5.
Note that the three different situations (max, typical, min) are plotted for each of the magnitude and group delay. The maximum situation, corresponding to curves 507, 508, represents a simulated situation where all factors (loop gain, tuning sensitivity, temperature, supply voltage, etc) assume a more or less worst case maximum situation. The typical situation, corresponding to curves 509, 510, represents a simulated situation where all factors (loop gain, tuning voltage sensitivity, temperature, supply voltage, etc) assume a more or less typical situation. The minimum situation, corresponding to curves 511, 512, represents a simulated situation where all factors (loop gain, tuning sensitivity, temperature, supply voltage, etc) assume a more or less worst case minimum situation. If there was no modulation distortion, the magnitude curves would be flat at least across the bandwidth of interest, e.g., a channel bandwidth, and the group delay curve would be a straight line with a given slope.
Referring to FIG. 6, a graph of magnitude and group delay response required from a filter in order to compensate for the FIG. 5 response (modulation distortion) is shown and will be briefly discussed and described. Generally a magnitude and group delay curve is shown for each of the maximum, minimum, and typical situations discussed with reference to FIG. 5. In FIG. 6 if a filter had the magnitude 607 and group delay 608 response it would fully compensate for the modulation distortion shown by curves 507, 508. Similarly a filter or predistortion filter with magnitude 609, and group delay 610 response would compensate for the modulation distortion shown by curves 509, 510 and a filter with magnitude 611 and group delay 612 response would compensate for modulation distortion as reflected by curves 511, 512. One of ordinary skill could of course plot additional curves in between the maximum and minimum curves as needed and derive filter coefficients for the appropriate compensation filter.
Referring to FIG. 7, a table of expected (simulated) results for modulation distortion for a single filter versus a multitude of filters, e.g., six filters, is shown and will be briefly discussed and described. The table 700 reflects the min 701, typical 703, and max 705 PLL response cases 707. For each of these cases an Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) is listed for a single predistortion filter case 709 and for multiple predistortion filters 711, i.e., where the appropriate filter of the multitude is chosen. It should be noted that the objective was to provide less than 5% EVM across all variables. EVM is a way of quantizing modulation distortion and is essentially the magnitude of the difference in percent between an actual vector and a desired or ideal vector when a given input data bit stream is used to modulate a radio frequency signal. Said another way EVM measurements are done by measuring the root mean square error between signals processed via an ideal and a non-ideal or actual signal path using a given input data bit stream to generate the signals. By observation as would be expected when a single filter is used and set to compensate for the typical case a multitude of filters with a filter set for the typical case performs the same. However in both the min 701 and max 705 cases, the EVM performance when an appropriate filter from the multitude of filters is used a significant improvement is realized and the results are within the desired 5% limits. The results are not within the desired limit for the single filter case because the nominal or typical predistortion filter "over-compensates" for the min case and "under-compensates" for the max case. Note that the modulation distortion cases located between the min, typical, and max cases in FIG. 5 can be effectively compensated for with appropriate selection of the min, typical, and max predistortion filters based on the measured tuning voltage, temperature, and supply voltage measurements to achieve less than 5% EVM for this example case.
Referring to FIG. 8, the appropriate filter selection in one embodiment versus a variety of variables (tuning voltage, temperature, and power supply voltage) associated with a phase locked loop is shown and will be briefly discussed and described. Generally FIG. 8 shows a graph of VCO tuning gain on the vertical axis 813 and temperature on the horizontal axis 815. The area of the graph is broken into, in this embodiment, 6 equally spaced regions 801, 803, . . . 811, where these regions correspond to one of six unique filters with associated and predetermined filter coefficients. The graph also shows tuning voltages as lines. A tuning voltage of 2.5, 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 volts corresponds to lines 817, 819, . . . , 825, respectively. These lines also correspond to a typical supply voltage. Each of these tuning voltage lines is bordered on the top by a line representing a maximum supply voltage 829 and on the bottom by a line representing a minimum supply voltage 831. Thus the proper filter to select can be found by finding the tuning voltage, temperature, and supply voltage and then using the filter corresponding to the region where these variables intersect. For example, for a temperature of 30 degrees and a tuning voltage of 1.0 volts, regardless of power supply voltage, filter <010> corresponding to region 807 should be used.
There are various techniques available to generate the filter coefficients, i.e., digital predistortion filter coefficients. For example, an IIR filter can be designed to perform the inverse response of the closed loop PLL system or an FIR filter can be designed using adaptive equalization techniques (such as Recursive Least Squares methods) to equalize for the magnitude and group delay distortion of the PLL over the modulated signal bandwidth. The important thing to remember is that these filter coefficients should be predetermined or pre-calculated and stored in memory in order to have a multitude of filter responses available, i.e. multiple predetermined filter responses are available. This gives the advantage of multiple filters in terms of EVM improvement as compared to a single compensation filter and also avoids the system overhead and timing delays associated with training procedures and the like when an adaptive filter is used.
Thus a method of facilitating compensation for modulation distortion in a phase locked loop, and corresponding compensation systems and apparatus have been described and disclosed where the method includes providing a tuning voltage from the phase locked loop, selecting, responsive to the tuning voltage, a filter response from a plurality of filter responses; and filtering a modulation signal in accordance with the filter response to provide a distorted signal, such that the distorted signal is suitable for modulation and compensation of a radio frequency signal provided by the phase locked loop.
In various embodiments, this includes converting the tuning voltage to a digital tuning voltage signal and using the digital tuning voltage signal to facilitate access to a memory to select one or more parameters associated with the filter response. Other embodiments additionally include providing one or more environmental signals associated with corresponding environmental conditions and selecting the filter response in accordance with the tuning voltage signal and the one or more environmental signals.
A modulation distortion compensation system for a PLL used, for example, in a transmitter, is arranged and constructed to mitigate or compensate for modulation distortion via a predistorted signal. The system uses pre-determined or pre-calculated filter parameters or coefficients to provide a selected one of a plurality of filter responses and a tuning voltage or environmental signals to guide the selection of the appropriate one of the filter responses. The selected filter response is used to predistort the modulation signal and thus compensate for modulation distortion of the PLL as has been discussed and described.
This disclosure is intended to explain how to fashion and use various embodiments in accordance with the invention rather than to limit the true, intended, and fair scope and spirit thereof. The foregoing description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The embodiment(s) was chosen and described to provide the best illustration of the principles of the invention and its practical application, and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims, as may be amended during the pendency of this application for patent, and all equivalents thereof, when interpreted in accordance with the breadth to which they are fairly, legally, and equitably entitled.
1. A phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system comprising:
a phase detector, a loop filter including a tuning voltage output, a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) configured to provide a modulated radio frequency signal, and a feedback divider with a modulation input all intercoupled as a phase locked loop;
a compensation function coupled to the tuning voltage output and configured to select a filter response from a plurality of filter responses, the filter response selected in accordance with a tuning voltage signal at the tuning voltage output; and
a filter configured to distort a modulation signal in accordance with the filter response and provide a distorted signal to the modulation input, the distorted signal used by the feedback divider in the phase locked loop to facilitate modulation of the VCO and effect compensation for modulation distortion resulting from the phase locked loop.
2. The phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system of claim 1 wherein the compensation function further comprises:
an analog to digital converter coupled to the tuning voltage output and configured to convert the tuning voltage signal to a digital tuning voltage signal; and
a look up table, the digital tuning voltage signal used to facilitate access to the lookup table to select one or more parameters associated with the filter response.
3. The phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system of claim 1 wherein the compensation function further comprises a temperature measuring function configured to provide a temperature signal, the filter response selected in accordance with the temperature signal and the tuning voltage signal.
4. The phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system of claim 3 wherein the temperature measuring function further comprises:
an analog to digital converter with an input for receiving a temperature indication and an output for providing a digital temperature indication; and
a temperature converter for converting the digital temperature indication to the temperature signal, the temperature signal comprising a digital temperature signal.
5. The phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system of claim 1 wherein the compensation function further comprises a power supply voltage measuring function configured to provide a voltage signal, the filter response selected in accordance with the voltage signal and the tuning voltage signal.
6. The phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system of claim 5 wherein the power supply voltage measuring function further comprises:
an analog to digital converter with an input for receiving a voltage indication and an output for providing a digital voltage indication; and
a voltage converter for converting the digital voltage indication to the voltage signal, the voltage signal comprising a digital voltage signal.
7. The phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system of claim 1 further comprising a multiplexer coupled to the compensation function and wherein the filter further comprises a plurality of filters each with a unique filter response corresponding to one of the plurality of filter responses, the compensation function configured to select the filter response by providing a select signal to the multiplexer.
8. The phase locked loop with modulation distortion compensation system of claim 1 wherein the filter further comprises a digital filter with programmable coefficients and the compensation function is configured to select the filter response by providing coefficients for the digital filter that correspond to the filter response.
9. A modulation distortion compensation system for a phase locked loop, the modulation distortion compensation system comprising:
a compensation function arranged to be coupled to a tuning voltage signal corresponding to a tuning voltage from the phase locked loop and configured to select a filter response from a plurality of filter responses, the filter response corresponding to the tuning voltage; and
a filter configured to distort a modulation signal in accordance with the filter response and provide a distorted signal suitable for being coupled to a modulation input of a feedback divider included with the phase locked loop, wherein the distorted signal when used by the feedback divider will facilitate modulation and compensation of a radio frequency signal provided by the phase locked loop.
10. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 9 wherein the compensation function further comprises:
an analog to digital converter arranged to be coupled to the tuning voltage signal and configured to convert the tuning voltage signal to a digital tuning voltage signal; and
11. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 9 wherein the compensation function further comprises an environmental measuring function configured to provide an environmental signal, the filter response selected in accordance with the environmental signal and the tuning voltage signal.
12. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 11 wherein the environmental measuring function further comprises a temperature measuring function configured to provide a temperature signal, the filter response selected in accordance with the temperature signal and the tuning voltage signal.
13. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 12 wherein the temperature measuring function further comprises:
14. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 11 wherein the environmental measuring function further comprises a voltage measuring function configured to provide a voltage signal, the filter response selected in accordance with the voltage signal and the tuning voltage signal.
15. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 14 wherein the voltage measuring function further comprises:
16. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 9 further comprising a multiplexer coupled to the compensation function and wherein the filter further comprises a plurality of filters each with a unique filter response corresponding to one of the plurality of filter responses, the compensation function configured to select the filter response by providing a select signal to the multiplexer.
17. The modulation distortion compensation system of claim 9 wherein the filter further comprises a digital filter with programmable coefficients and the compensation function is configured to select the filter response by providing coefficients for the digital filter that correspond to the filter response.
18. A method of facilitating compensation for modulation distortion in a phase locked loop, the method comprising:
providing a tuning voltage from the phase locked loop;
selecting, responsive to the tuning voltage, a filter response from a plurality of filter responses; and
filtering a modulation signal in accordance with the filter response to provide a distorted signal, the distorted signal suitable for modulation and compensation of a radio frequency signal provided by the phase locked loop.
converting the tuning voltage to a digital tuning voltage signal; and
using the digital tuning voltage signal to facilitate access to a memory to select one or more parameters associated with the filter response.
providing one or more environmental signals associated with corresponding environmental conditions; and
selecting the filter response in accordance with the tuning voltage signal and the one or more environmental signals.
Publication Date: Mar 15, 2007
Inventors: Darrell Davis (Sunrise, FL), Mahibur Rahman (Lake Worth, FL)
Current U.S. Class: 331/17.000
International Classification: H03L 7/00 (20060101);


Greater Community Bank has three branches and ATMs located in Georgia: two branches in Rome and one in Calhoun. Their small business offerings include business savings and checking accounts, lending, merchant services, and cash management. They are rated five stars on Facebook, Google, and Bankrate.
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Musicals have been popular for a very long time and sometimes, it gives an actor the opportunity to showcase their singing skills. That is the case with recent musicals, including The Greatest Showman and Les Misérables. Thanks to his role in those movies, Hugh Jackman has shown himself to be quite a song and dance performer. Now he is bringing his show to America and people are excited about the possibilities.
Jackman has already toured in Australia with his one-man show. People were thrilled to see him singing in that country but now, they will have the opportunity to see him in the states. He is also going to be performing in Australia again as well as in Europe as a part of the tour.
Hugh Jackman is also the star of a new movie, The Front Runner, but that movie is not a musical. That doesn't seem to be holding him back from doing a worldwide tour that will be including dancing, singing and stories that come directly from the A-lister. He will also be accompanied by a 26-piece orchestra and 30 other dancers and singers.
The first songs will be from the movies, Les Misérables and The Greatest Showman. It will also include songs from his Broadway performances, including The Boy from Oz. Jackman even won a Tony for his part in that show.
Something else that Jackman tries to do is to make the show more intimate for the audience. He tries to connect with them, regardless of whether he is performing in front of 200 or 20,000 people. He also talks about starting the show by finding his wife, Deborra-Lee Furness in the crowd and meeting her eyes. He says that it grounds him.
Now we love him even more! If you would like to see one of his shows, be on the lookout for tickets for the performance that starts in the summer of 2019.


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Despite fewer people smoking, the habit continues to be the leading cause of premature death in the country, the Los Angeles Times reported. Smoking kills 480,000 Americans each year and results in $289 billion in annual health costs and lost productivity, the CDC reported.
Other trends discovered by researchers: those who do smoke are smoking less often each day and fewer cigarettes. In 2005, 80.8% of smokers said they puffed daily. That rate fell to 76.9% by 2013. Seven years ago, daily smokers lit up an average of 16.7 cigarettes per day. By last year, that number had declined to 14.2.
The CDC, as part of its Healthy People 2020 program, wants to see the smoking rate fall even further, to 12%, by the end of this decade.


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According to the chemical characteristics, the molecule of Injectable Boldenone Undecylenate is similar to the testosterone's one. However, quality indicators favorably differ from this aggressive hormone: critical water retention and the effect of rollback are excluded.
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The boldenone cycle is predetermined by individual characteristics of the body. The average duration of injections varies between 6-10 weeks. The peculiarity of the drug - its long half-life, which affects the rate of muscles increase. This process is not as fast as at testosterone use in its pure form, but more safe.
The average dose of boldenone solo is 300-800 ml weekly. The final concentration is calculated on the basis of the ultimate goals. Low doses will not exert the desired effect, and exceed doses will lead to the inhibition of natural testosterone production.
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Please note that these are Adobe pdf documents and some virus software may warn you that they may contain a virus.
8.1 The entry fee for five and eight-frame competitive classes will be GBP70 per frame.
8.2 The entry fee for the one-frame competitive class will be GBP90 per frame.
8.3 The entry fee in the Literature Class will be GBP25 per entry.
8.4 The entry fee for Youth Exhibits will be GBP25 per entry.
8.5 Entry fees are not refundable.
8.6 Invoices for Frame fees will be sent by the Commissioner General to National Commissioners with the list of accepted entries. Payment must be made within 30 days of the invoice being sent.
The exhibition has been granted FIP patronage .
For exhibits that have been awarded at least one large gold medal at exhibitions with FIP patronage or an FIP Grand Prix (Grand Prix National, Grand Prix d'Honneur or Grand Prix d'Exposition). The ten-year time frame restriction stated in GREX 9.1 or GREX 9.5 does not apply in this class.
An information form will need to be provided for each literature exhibit.
8A Printed Literature: philatelic handbooks, catalogues and periodicals.
8B Digital Literature: digital books, websites and software. The precise judging schema for digital literature will be confirmed by 31 December 2019.
Exhibits in this class should predominantly contain material that has been issued in the 20 years prior to the exhibition, i.e. 2000. Acceptance will be based on the recommendation of National Commissioners and the discretion of the London 2020 Organising Committee. The 20 year will not be rigidly enforced. If the majority of the material falls inside the 20 year period, it can be shown as a Modern Philately exhibit. As an example of the flexibility that can be accommodated, a long-running definitive series with a time span that covers both before and after 2000 may be included if the majority of the material included is post-2000.
13C Collectors aged 19 - 21 years.
See Special Regulations for the Evaluation of Youth Exhibits at FIP Exhibitions on this link for further information.


text:
namespace Microsoft.Web.Mvc.Internal {
    using System;
    using System.Linq.Expressions;
    using System.Reflection;
    using System.Web.Mvc;
    using System.Web.Routing;
    using Microsoft.Web.Resources;

    public static class ExpressionHelper {
        public static RouteValueDictionary GetRouteValuesFromExpression<TController>(Expression<Action<TController>> action) where TController : Controller {
            if (action == null) {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("action");
            }

            MethodCallExpression call = action.Body as MethodCallExpression;
            if (call == null) {
                throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.ExpressionHelper_MustBeMethodCall, "action");
            }

            string controllerName = typeof(TController).Name;
            if (!controllerName.EndsWith("Controller", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) {
                throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.ExpressionHelper_TargetMustEndInController, "action");
            }
            controllerName = controllerName.Substring(0, controllerName.Length - "Controller".Length);
            if (controllerName.Length == 0) {
                throw new ArgumentException(MvcResources.ExpressionHelper_CannotRouteToController, "action");
            }

            // TODO: How do we know that this method is even web callable?
            //      For now, we just let the call itself throw an exception.

            var rvd = new RouteValueDictionary();
            rvd.Add("Controller", controllerName);
            rvd.Add("Action", call.Method.Name);
            AddParameterValuesFromExpressionToDictionary(rvd, call);
            return rvd;
        }

        public static string GetInputName<TModel, TProperty>(Expression<Func<TModel, TProperty>> expression) {
            if (expression.Body.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call) {
                MethodCallExpression methodCallExpression = (MethodCallExpression)expression.Body;
                string name = GetInputName(methodCallExpression);
                return name.Substring(expression.Parameters[0].Name.Length + 1);

            }
            return expression.Body.ToString().Substring(expression.Parameters[0].Name.Length + 1);
        }

        private static string GetInputName(MethodCallExpression expression) {
            // p => p.Foo.Bar().Baz.ToString() => p.Foo OR throw...

            MethodCallExpression methodCallExpression = expression.Object as MethodCallExpression;
            if (methodCallExpression != null) {
                return GetInputName(methodCallExpression);
            }
            return expression.Object.ToString();
        }

        static void AddParameterValuesFromExpressionToDictionary(RouteValueDictionary rvd, MethodCallExpression call) {
            ParameterInfo[] parameters = call.Method.GetParameters();

            if (parameters.Length > 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < parameters.Length; i++) {
                    Expression arg = call.Arguments[i];
                    object value = null;
                    ConstantExpression ce = arg as ConstantExpression;
                    if (ce != null) {
                        // If argument is a constant expression, just get the value
                        value = ce.Value;
                    }
                    else {
                        // Otherwise, convert the argument subexpression to type object,
                        // make a lambda out of it, compile it, and invoke it to get the value
                        Expression<Func<object>> lambdaExpression = Expression.Lambda<Func<object>>(Expression.Convert(arg, typeof(object)));
                        Func<object> func = lambdaExpression.Compile();
                        value = func();
                    }
                    rvd.Add(parameters[i].Name, value);
                }
            }
        }

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Best Western Carrefour De L' Europe Hotel is in the very heart of the Capital of Europe, just a few steps away from the beautiful and historic "Grand Place" in Brussels. The Hotel Carrefour De L' Europe has all the advantages of a top class concept, the hotel offer perfect accommodation for business travelers and demanding visitors alike.
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Hotel Carrefour de l'Europe offers full facilities for meetings up to 180 people. Overall technical equipment and support are available in-house.


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