text:
Manuscripts and Archives Division
Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle
Found 18 collections related to France -- Description and travel
Rhinelander, Philip
Philip Rhinelander diary, 1838-1839
Manuscripts and Archives Division | MssCol 2561
.21 linear feet (1 volume)
Philip Rhinelander kept this diary from May 1, 1838-January 3, 1839 while on a journey from New York City to Liverpool and during subsequent sightseeing through Scotland, England, Ireland, France, Italy, and other locations
Bayard, Maria, 1789-1875
Maria Bayard diary, 1814-1815
Manuscripts and Archives Division | MssCol 231
Maria Bayard was the daughter of William Bayard of New York City and later the wife of Duncan P. Campbell. She kept this diary while on a tour of England, Scotland, and France with her brother, Robert Bayard, and brother-in-law, Benjamin Woolsey... more
Maria Bayard was the daughter of William Bayard of New York City and later the wife of Duncan P. Campbell. She kept this diary while on a tour of England, Scotland, and France with her brother, Robert Bayard, and brother-in-law, Benjamin Woolsey Rogers. Entries date from the time of their landing at Southampton, England on October 13, 1814 until May 23, 1815. The diary for England and Scotland contains a descriptive narrative of the tour of cathedral towns, Roman ruins, castles, palaces, art galleries, factories, salt mines, iron furnaces, canals, and places of natural beauty, with comments on the social and economic condition of the population. The group's itinerary included Bath, Nailsworth, Bristol, Gloucester, Worcester, Birmingham, Warwick Castle, Kennilworth, Litchfield, Liverpool, Chester, Norwich, Manchester, Lancaster, the English Lakes, Carlisle, Gretna Green, Edinburgh (where they arrived in January), Glasgow, Paisley, Linlithcoe, Northumberland Castle, Durham, York, and Oxford In the reverse of the same volume, Bayard kept a diary of her tour of France from the date of her embarkation for le Havre, March 2(?), 1815 until May 23, 1815, covering almost the entire period of Napoleon's Hundred Days. The diary contains a descriptive narrative of the party's stay at Paris, visits to the opera, theaters, cathedral towns, chateaux, factories, canals, Roman ruins, and their view of Napoleon and his brothers. Their itinerary included Rouen, Paris, Orleans, Tours, Poitiers, Angouleme, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Carcassonne, Beziers, Montpellier, Nimes, Valence, Lyon, Autun, Auxerre, Villeneuve, Fontainebleau, Chantilly, Amiens, Calais, Dover, and Canterbury. The diary includes entries comparing French and English travel less
Ronalds, Mary Lorillard, d. 1840
Mary Lorillard Ronalds diary, 1836-1837
Mary Lorillard Ronalds kept this diary from November 21, 1836 through February 18, 1837. She was the daughter of Thomas A. Ronalds of New York City and the cousin of Catharine Lorillard Wolfe, and she kept this diary while traveling with her uncle... more
Mary Lorillard Ronalds kept this diary from November 21, 1836 through February 18, 1837. She was the daughter of Thomas A. Ronalds of New York City and the cousin of Catharine Lorillard Wolfe, and she kept this diary while traveling with her uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. John David Wolfe. She began making entries while the party was in Marseille, France, whence they sailed for Leghorn and toured Italy. The diary contains a descriptive narrative of the journey with notes on the art and archaeology of the places along their itinerary, including: Pisa, Florence, Siena, Rome, Tivoli, Terni, Spoleto, Foligno, Perugia, Arezzo, Bologna, Padua, Venice, Verona, Milan, Turin, and "St. Michel on the Arc, France" (Mont St. Michel?). The diary also mentions attendance at the theater and opera, visits to artists' studios, the execution of busts of Ronalds' aunt and uncle by the artist Thomas Crawford, and seeing the Brinckerhoffs, Morgans, and others in Rome less
Stoughton, Mary Fiske Bound Green
Mary Stoughton diary, 1873-1879
.1 linear feet (1 folder)
Mary Stoughton (whose full name was Mary Fiske Bound Green Stoughton) was married to Edwin Wallace Stoughton, U. S. Minister to Russia. She kept this diary between May 23, 1878 and February 16, 1879. Entries describe the couple's travels in Spain,... more
Mary Stoughton (whose full name was Mary Fiske Bound Green Stoughton) was married to Edwin Wallace Stoughton, U. S. Minister to Russia. She kept this diary between May 23, 1878 and February 16, 1879. Entries describe the couple's travels in Spain, France, and England, and events of their official life at the Russian Court in St. Petersburg less
Leland, S. R
S.R. Leland papers, 1918-1924
.2 linear feet (7 folders)
S.R. Leland was an American clergyman. Collection consists of letters, 1918-1919, by Leland to his wife while he was YMCA secretary with the A.E.F. in France and England, describing the English and French countryside, his duties as YMCA secretary... more
S.R. Leland was an American clergyman. Collection consists of letters, 1918-1919, by Leland to his wife while he was YMCA secretary with the A.E.F. in France and England, describing the English and French countryside, his duties as YMCA secretary (including problems in securing supplies and entertainment for soldiers), and conditions of troops in France. Also, letters to him and an undated account by A.E. Hungerford of the torpedoing of the S.S. Oronsa, on which Leland sailed to England. less
Seymour, Edward Hobart, Sir, 1840-1929
Sir Edward Hobart Seymour diary, 1906-1910
Sir Edward Hobart Seymour, Admiral of the Fleet and veteran of the Crimean, Chinese, West African, and Egyptian campaigns and the Boxer Rebellion, and a member of the Privy Council, kept this diary from March 28, 1906 through January 25, 1910. The... more
Sir Edward Hobart Seymour, Admiral of the Fleet and veteran of the Crimean, Chinese, West African, and Egyptian campaigns and the Boxer Rebellion, and a member of the Privy Council, kept this diary from March 28, 1906 through January 25, 1910. The diary covers the period of his retirement in London and near Maidenhead, with private and official travels to Canada (where he was part of the Prince of Connaught's entourage, March-May 1906); Vouvray (June 1906); Hamburg (August 1906); Munich (October 1906); Monte Carlo (March 1907); Gibraltar (October-November 1907); Jamaica (December 1907-February 1908); Vouvray (August 1908); Lake Como (September 1908); Madeira (February-March 1908); and New York (on the H.M.S. Inflexible for the Hudson-Fulton fete, September-October 1909). Seymour was also heavily involved in the state visit of Prince Sadanara Fushimi of Japan in May 1907 and was closely connected to social and court circles of the period. He was particularly interested in naval education, aeronautics, the theater, and painting The diary also includes a list of books Seymour read, a geographical index, and a key to shorthand symbols less
Waters, Amy L
Amy L. Waters diary, 1907-1910
Amy L. Waters began this diary during a tour of Europe from June 19-September 13, 1907 and continued making entries for several years. The last entry was made September 20, 1910. Waters visited England, Scotland, France, Belgium, Germany, the... more
Amy L. Waters began this diary during a tour of Europe from June 19-September 13, 1907 and continued making entries for several years. The last entry was made September 20, 1910. Waters visited England, Scotland, France, Belgium, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland. Her descriptions stress visits to the theater in London and dining with Hamilton Revelle. Entries made in 1908, 1909, and 1910 describe vacations at Lake George, New York and elsewhere in New England and eastern Canada. The last portion of the diary contains notes on European history lectures Waters attended at the Lowell Institute less
Draper, Augusta, 1798-1887
Augusta Draper travel diary, 6 October 1876-6 May 1877
Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle | Pforz MS
1 volume (168 manuscript pages; 84 total leaves)
Augusta Draper, née White, wife of the Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician William Henry Draper. The eldest daughter of Captain George White, retired from the British Royal Navy, and his wife Mary, Augusta emigrated to Canada in 1822.... more
Augusta Draper, née White, wife of the Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician William Henry Draper. The eldest daughter of Captain George White, retired from the British Royal Navy, and his wife Mary, Augusta emigrated to Canada in 1822. She was a lifelong friend of the writer Edward John Trelawny, who was most famous for his friendships with the Romantic poets Byron and Shelley. Holograph travel diary documenting the Drapers' visit to England and to France, taken to try to improve the health of William Henry Draper. Augusta gives accounts of an underground expedition, country walks and church services, but her main interest is in her husband's health and in the news of their family in letters received from Canada. Augusta met her friend E. J. Trelawny for the last time on 6 November 1876; the visit is recorded in the diary (see Shelley and his Circle, volume V, pages 77-78). Sewn-together leaves, all edges marbled, apparently torn out of the binding, now missing (along with a portion of the diary). With a later (early 20th century?) note on a piece of Canadian Club stationery wrapped around the volume which reads: "1876-7 / Journal of / Mrs. W. H. Draper / on trip abroad / Greatgrandma / acct. of visit to / Trelawny, keep." Acquired along with some photographs of members of the Draper and White families, now removed to the Visual Materials file. less
Bradley, Annie J
Annie J. Bradley diary, 1872-1874
Annie J. Bradley of New York City kept this diary during a European trip from August 3, 1872-December 15, 1874. Entries cover visits to England, France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and Austria
Gershoy family
Gershoy family papers, 1912-1975
2.8 linear feet (7 boxes)
Collection contains correspondence, notes, photographs, clippings, and other printed memorabilia of the Gershoy family. Correspondence, 1912-1935, consists of letters written to Miriam and Morris Gershoy from their children and relatives and... more
Collection contains correspondence, notes, photographs, clippings, and other printed memorabilia of the Gershoy family. Correspondence, 1912-1935, consists of letters written to Miriam and Morris Gershoy from their children and relatives and friends in Europe and the U.S., and letters to and from their daughter Eugénie. Letters by Leo Gershoy reflect his life at Cornell and Rochester universities and his travels in France. Letters by Alexander Gershoy concern his career as a botanist at the University of Vermont. Also, photographs of the family, biographical notes and printed matter. less
Libbey, Laura Jean, 1862-1924
Laura Jean Libbey journals, 1892-1903
1.23 linear feet (6 volumes)
Laura Jean Libbey was a popular American author of romance novels. She kept these journals (6 vols.) from 1892-1903 during tours through Europe, Egypt, the West Indies, and Bermuda. The journals include information on Florence, Genoa, Naples,... more
Laura Jean Libbey was a popular American author of romance novels. She kept these journals (6 vols.) from 1892-1903 during tours through Europe, Egypt, the West Indies, and Bermuda. The journals include information on Florence, Genoa, Naples, Rome, Venice, and the Lake District of Italy, as well as Paris, Rouen, southern France, Greece, Austria, Bohemia, Dresden, Cologne, the Rhine country of Germany, Antwerp, Belgium, Switzerland, England, and Scotland. The journals also include postcard illustrations and other material less
Menzies, John
John Menzies diaries, 1793-1839
John Menzies of Philadelphia created this volume. The first section contains an account of his adventures (using the alias John Little) beginning in the years 1793-1794, including those on a slave-trading ship from Liverpool to the Congo, thence... more
John Menzies of Philadelphia created this volume. The first section contains an account of his adventures (using the alias John Little) beginning in the years 1793-1794, including those on a slave-trading ship from Liverpool to the Congo, thence to Barbados; impressment into the British Navy; a battle with the French and his subsequent escape and journey overland from Gravesend, England to his home in Langholm, Scotland. This portion concludes in Philadelphia in 1835 The second section served as Menzies' diary from June 19-September 20, 1839 and contains an account of a journey from Philadelphia through Scotland, Ireland, England, France, and return via New York The third section, "Jock's Notions," contains poems and other entries, primarily in Scotch dialect, relating to local happenings and people in Pennsylvania. Entries were made between 1832 and 1839 less
Beekman, Kate
Kate Beekman diary, 1855
Kate Beekman kept this diary, written in French, at La Tour, France. She made entries between April 1 and December 20, 1855 describing France, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, and other places
Owen, William
William Owen diary, 1761-1771
.4 linear feet (2 volumes)
This diary of William Owen contains entries made between July 20, 1761 and June 17, 1771 about his travels in England; to Halifax, Nova Scotia; New York; Boston; Philadelphia; England; France; Belgium; Campobello, Nova Scotia; and back to England
Denslow, Dwight B
Dwight B. Denslow and Louise A. Denslow diary, 1861-1862
Dwight B. Denslow and his wife, Louise A. Denslow, kept this diary during travels by sea and land between November 9, 1861-July 1, 1862. They toured Europe, the Mediterranean, Egypt and the Holy Lands, sailing from Brooklyn, New York. Entries... more
Dwight B. Denslow and his wife, Louise A. Denslow, kept this diary during travels by sea and land between November 9, 1861-July 1, 1862. They toured Europe, the Mediterranean, Egypt and the Holy Lands, sailing from Brooklyn, New York. Entries describe a visit to a salt merchant in Hyères; the comments of an Englishman on the Mason & Slidell affair (the Trent Affair); visits to Toulon and Marseilles (January 19, 1862); travels via steamer to Genoa, Leghorn, Naples, Messina, and Malta, where they took the ship "Hydaspe" (formerly the "Lusitania") to Alexandria (February 9, 1862); stopping at the same hotel as Mr. Bronson and his party; and a trip to the Pyramids In addition, entries describe a visit to Mrs. Leider, wife of a Coptic missionary and one-time tutor to the children of Mohammed Ali; a journey up the Nile River beyond Thebes, where the Denslows visited numerous temples and ruins of Karnak and the Pyramids of Giza; their return to Cairo in the company of Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes; and ensuing travels to Alexandria, Joppa and Jerusalem, where they attended the English Church at the same time as the Prince of Wales (April 6, 1862) Later entries describe the Denslow's visit to the Mosque of Omar, the Jordan River, and the site of ancient Jericho (spending Easter Sunday in Jerusalem and going to Bethlehem). They also describe their journey homeward via Joppa, Beyrouth (where they met Dr. Barclay and Rev. Henry Jessup), Tripoli, Sicily, Smyrna, and Constantinople (May 11-14, 1862), where they changed ships for Marseille via Athens From Athens they traveled by railroad through Lyon, Paris, Rouen, and Dieppe, crossing to New Haven, then to London (visiting the International Exhibition on June 9, 1862), Leeds (the home of travel friends Mr. and Mrs. Rhodes), Manchester, and Liverpool. They then sailed on the Cunard ship "Scotia," via Queenstown to Jersey City, arriving at their Williamsburgh home on July 1, 1862 The diary is illustrated with a few pen drawings, primarily maps. It also includes a few loose documents and letters in an envelope less
Endicott, George, 1802-1848
George Endicott diary, 1847
American lithographer George Endicott kept this diary on a trip to Europe from August 10-November 21, 1847, where he toured France, Belgium, and England. Entries describe his 35 day voyage on board the "American Eagle;" landing at Plymouth,... more
American lithographer George Endicott kept this diary on a trip to Europe from August 10-November 21, 1847, where he toured France, Belgium, and England. Entries describe his 35 day voyage on board the "American Eagle;" landing at Plymouth, England and transferring to a boat for Le Havre, France; meeting George Catlin, Indian painter and historian; and traveling to Paris via Rouen. In Paris, Endicott wrote of visits to the Louvre, St. Cloud, Versailles, Notre Dame Cathedral, the Arc de Triomphe, the Sorbonne, the Hotel de Cluny, the botanical gardens, Gobelins tapestry factory, many museums and art galleries, and the Opera, where his party saw Carlotta Grisi dance. Entries include comments on the politeness of Parisians and the cleanliness of the city Endicott also described his visit to Belgium, where he stopped at Antwerp, Brussels, Ghent, Bruges, and Ostend, where his party embarked for England. In London he describes visits to Wiley and Putnam (for mail), the British Museum, the Tower of London, Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's Cathedral, Windsor Castle (where he saw Queen Victoria and Prince Albert), and a tour through the Bank of England. In London he also attended many theaters and saw the Cushmans and Macready perform in "King Henry VIII." He traveled on to Coventry, visited Warwick Castle, Derby, Birmingham, and Sheffield, where he visited friends. The last stop of the journey was at Liverpool, where Endicott and his party took the steamer "Acadia" for home less
Cobbold, Richard, 1797-1877
Manuscript journal of a tour through France and Belgium, 11 June-9 July 1817
Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle | Pforz BND-MSS (Cobbold, R.)
1 volume (95 manuscript pages; 56 total leaves) : ill ; 22 cm
Richard Cobbold, English novelist and Church of England clergyman. Gilt red morocco notebook containing holograph account of Richard Cobbold's month's-long tour of France and Belgium, with his companion, Mr. Danneley, in the summer of 1817.... more
Richard Cobbold, English novelist and Church of England clergyman. Gilt red morocco notebook containing holograph account of Richard Cobbold's month's-long tour of France and Belgium, with his companion, Mr. Danneley, in the summer of 1817. Includes accounts of the Louvre, Versailles, Notre Dame, the Palais Royal, Tuilleries, and the Paris opera, as well as the Parisian gambling houses and their "wretched" inhabitants. Leaving Paris, the two travel to Brussles and then to Waterloo: "to look at it you would never suppose it had been the place of so much bloodshed." With three watercolors ("a view of Calais, from the road"; crucifix, tree and field; horse-drawn wagon) and several pencil sketches. less
Ward, Edward, -1842 or 1843?
Ward's diary, or Journal of a tour in France & Italy, A.D. 1826, & of a residence in those countries, A.D. 1827
Carl H. Pforzheimer Collection of Shelley and His Circle | Pforz BND-MSS (Ward, E. Ward's diary)
2 volumes (156 manuscript pages, 78 total leaves; 152 manuscript pages, 76 total leaves)
A number of biographical details of the Rev.d Edward Ward remain uncertain. His diary records his marriage to an unnamed bride on 5 June 1827 in Leghorn; marriage records reveal her to be Emma Crump (1800-1856). She was the daughter of the Rev.... more
A number of biographical details of the Rev.d Edward Ward remain uncertain. His diary records his marriage to an unnamed bride on 5 June 1827 in Leghorn; marriage records reveal her to be Emma Crump (1800-1856). She was the daughter of the Rev. Henry Crump of Leighton, Shrewsbury, and his wife, Elizabeth, née Price (or "Pryse"). In 1845, after Edward's death, Emma married John Davies Corrie (1797-1878), a Welsh solicitor. The author of the diary is possibly the same "Reverend Edward Ward, clerk" whose will was probated in London on 24 January 1843, naming his wife, "Emma Ward," and his daughter, "Ellen Sarah Ward," as heirs. That Edward Ward was present at the 1842 marriage of his daughter, in Liverpool, to Samuel Sampson, attorney, and was probably the son of the Liverpool merchant Robert Ward (d. 1830) of Liscard, Chester. Not to be confused with the Rev. Edward Ward (1771-1835), minister of Iver and author of a number of published sermons. Red roan-backed notebooks containing the manuscript account of an Englishman's two tours on the continent: one from January to July 1826, and one from April 1827 to January 1828. On the first trip he departs from Shrewsbury to London, sails to Calais, then travels to Paris, Orleans, Tours, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Montpelier and Marseilles before going on to Italy. He travels to Leghorn, Florence, La Spezia ("by the gulph of that name Mr. Shelley was drowned, his body burnt upon the shore"), and finally to Lucca, to visit his "fair English friend," with whom he spends a good deal of time. On his way home he travels back through Florence, over the Alps to Chambéry, back up to Paris and through Calais back to England. On his second trip he passes quickly through France (to Lyon, Avignon and Marseille) before reuniting with his English friend in Lucca and marrying her. The couple departs from Italy, going over the Alps up to Lyon, Dijon and Paris, where they spend some weeks before heading home to England. A number of theatrical productions are attended, and visits to art galleries, including the Louvre, are described. The author's signature is on the front pastedown of both volumes ("Rev.d Edward Ward") and the first volume carries the stationer's ticket of Lavallard of Paris. A third volume, cataloged separately, contains Ward's "Translations of Amatory Poems.". less


text:
Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study
Harry J de Koning, Johanna H Groenewoud, V Kathleen Lantau, A M Tjiam, W Christina Hoogeveen, Jan Tjeerd H N de Faber, Rikard E Juttmann, Huibert J Simonsz
OBJECTIVE: To establish whether the current vision screening practice in the Netherlands is effective in preventing permanent visual loss and to estimate the sensitivity of the programme.
SETTINGS: In the Netherlands, all children are invited for preverbal (1, 3, 6-9 and 14-24 months) and preschool (36, 45, and 60-72 months) vision screening. Screening attendance is high, but the effectiveness in reducing amblyopia is unknown.
METHODS: In a 7-year cohort study, 4624 children born in the city of Rotterdam between 16 September 1996 and 15 May 1997 were followed through all routine vision screening examinations. At age seven, visual acuity (VA) of children still living in Rotterdam was assessed by study orthoptists. In case of VA > 0.1 logMAR in one or both eyes, two or more logMAR lines of interocular difference or eye disorders like strabismus, children underwent a more intensive eye examination.
RESULTS: Attendance at the 9-month screening was 89%, decreasing to about 75% at later examinations. Of preverbal tests, 2.5% were positive, and of preschool tests, 10%. In total, 19% of children had a positive vision screening test at least once. Amblyopia prevalence was 3.4%. Sensitivity of the vision screening programme was 73% and specificity 83%. At age seven, 0.7-1.2% (confirmed vs final exam) of the children had a VA > 0.3 logMAR in the worse eye compared with 2-3.9% (in literature) reported prevalence in non-screening situations. Children who were less frequently screened had a higher chance of poor vision (>0.3 logMAR) at age seven.
CONCLUSION: The Dutch child vision screening programme may reduce the risk of persistent amblyopia (VA > 0.3 logMAR) at age seven by more than half.
Journal of Medical Screening
Amblyopia/diagnosis
Eye Diseases/diagnosis
Vision Screening/methods
Dive into the research topics of 'Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Amblyopia Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Vision Screening Medicine & Life Sciences 92%
Eye Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences 83%
Parturition Medicine & Life Sciences 55%
Visual Acuity Medicine & Life Sciences 34%
Netherlands Medicine & Life Sciences 19%
de Koning, H. J., Groenewoud, J. H., Lantau, V. K., Tjiam, A. M., Hoogeveen, W. C., de Faber, J. T. H. N., Juttmann, R. E., & Simonsz, H. J. (2013). Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study. Journal of Medical Screening, 20(2), 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969141313497355
de Koning, Harry J ; Groenewoud, Johanna H ; Lantau, V Kathleen ; Tjiam, A M ; Hoogeveen, W Christina ; de Faber, Jan Tjeerd H N ; Juttmann, Rikard E ; Simonsz, Huibert J. / Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study. In: Journal of Medical Screening. 2013 ; Vol. 20, No. 2. pp. 66-72.
@article{208edc8a7b2541af9dd8cc6f347e0c7d,
title = "Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study",
abstract = "OBJECTIVE: To establish whether the current vision screening practice in the Netherlands is effective in preventing permanent visual loss and to estimate the sensitivity of the programme.SETTINGS: In the Netherlands, all children are invited for preverbal (1, 3, 6-9 and 14-24 months) and preschool (36, 45, and 60-72 months) vision screening. Screening attendance is high, but the effectiveness in reducing amblyopia is unknown.METHODS: In a 7-year cohort study, 4624 children born in the city of Rotterdam between 16 September 1996 and 15 May 1997 were followed through all routine vision screening examinations. At age seven, visual acuity (VA) of children still living in Rotterdam was assessed by study orthoptists. In case of VA > 0.1 logMAR in one or both eyes, two or more logMAR lines of interocular difference or eye disorders like strabismus, children underwent a more intensive eye examination.RESULTS: Attendance at the 9-month screening was 89%, decreasing to about 75% at later examinations. Of preverbal tests, 2.5% were positive, and of preschool tests, 10%. In total, 19% of children had a positive vision screening test at least once. Amblyopia prevalence was 3.4%. Sensitivity of the vision screening programme was 73% and specificity 83%. At age seven, 0.7-1.2% (confirmed vs final exam) of the children had a VA > 0.3 logMAR in the worse eye compared with 2-3.9% (in literature) reported prevalence in non-screening situations. Children who were less frequently screened had a higher chance of poor vision (>0.3 logMAR) at age seven.CONCLUSION: The Dutch child vision screening programme may reduce the risk of persistent amblyopia (VA > 0.3 logMAR) at age seven by more than half.",
keywords = "Amblyopia/diagnosis, Child, Preschool, Eye Diseases/diagnosis, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Vision Screening/methods",
author = "{de Koning}, {Harry J} and Groenewoud, {Johanna H} and Lantau, {V Kathleen} and Tjiam, {A M} and Hoogeveen, {W Christina} and {de Faber}, {Jan Tjeerd H N} and Juttmann, {Rikard E} and Simonsz, {Huibert J}",
de Koning, HJ, Groenewoud, JH, Lantau, VK, Tjiam, AM, Hoogeveen, WC, de Faber, JTHN, Juttmann, RE & Simonsz, HJ 2013, 'Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study', Journal of Medical Screening, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 66-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969141313497355
Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study. / de Koning, Harry J; Groenewoud, Johanna H; Lantau, V Kathleen; Tjiam, A M; Hoogeveen, W Christina; de Faber, Jan Tjeerd H N; Juttmann, Rikard E; Simonsz, Huibert J.
In: Journal of Medical Screening, Vol. 20, No. 2, 06.2013, p. 66-72.
T1 - Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study
AU - de Koning, Harry J
AU - Groenewoud, Johanna H
AU - Lantau, V Kathleen
AU - Tjiam, A M
AU - Hoogeveen, W Christina
AU - de Faber, Jan Tjeerd H N
AU - Juttmann, Rikard E
AU - Simonsz, Huibert J
N2 - OBJECTIVE: To establish whether the current vision screening practice in the Netherlands is effective in preventing permanent visual loss and to estimate the sensitivity of the programme.SETTINGS: In the Netherlands, all children are invited for preverbal (1, 3, 6-9 and 14-24 months) and preschool (36, 45, and 60-72 months) vision screening. Screening attendance is high, but the effectiveness in reducing amblyopia is unknown.METHODS: In a 7-year cohort study, 4624 children born in the city of Rotterdam between 16 September 1996 and 15 May 1997 were followed through all routine vision screening examinations. At age seven, visual acuity (VA) of children still living in Rotterdam was assessed by study orthoptists. In case of VA > 0.1 logMAR in one or both eyes, two or more logMAR lines of interocular difference or eye disorders like strabismus, children underwent a more intensive eye examination.RESULTS: Attendance at the 9-month screening was 89%, decreasing to about 75% at later examinations. Of preverbal tests, 2.5% were positive, and of preschool tests, 10%. In total, 19% of children had a positive vision screening test at least once. Amblyopia prevalence was 3.4%. Sensitivity of the vision screening programme was 73% and specificity 83%. At age seven, 0.7-1.2% (confirmed vs final exam) of the children had a VA > 0.3 logMAR in the worse eye compared with 2-3.9% (in literature) reported prevalence in non-screening situations. Children who were less frequently screened had a higher chance of poor vision (>0.3 logMAR) at age seven.CONCLUSION: The Dutch child vision screening programme may reduce the risk of persistent amblyopia (VA > 0.3 logMAR) at age seven by more than half.
AB - OBJECTIVE: To establish whether the current vision screening practice in the Netherlands is effective in preventing permanent visual loss and to estimate the sensitivity of the programme.SETTINGS: In the Netherlands, all children are invited for preverbal (1, 3, 6-9 and 14-24 months) and preschool (36, 45, and 60-72 months) vision screening. Screening attendance is high, but the effectiveness in reducing amblyopia is unknown.METHODS: In a 7-year cohort study, 4624 children born in the city of Rotterdam between 16 September 1996 and 15 May 1997 were followed through all routine vision screening examinations. At age seven, visual acuity (VA) of children still living in Rotterdam was assessed by study orthoptists. In case of VA > 0.1 logMAR in one or both eyes, two or more logMAR lines of interocular difference or eye disorders like strabismus, children underwent a more intensive eye examination.RESULTS: Attendance at the 9-month screening was 89%, decreasing to about 75% at later examinations. Of preverbal tests, 2.5% were positive, and of preschool tests, 10%. In total, 19% of children had a positive vision screening test at least once. Amblyopia prevalence was 3.4%. Sensitivity of the vision screening programme was 73% and specificity 83%. At age seven, 0.7-1.2% (confirmed vs final exam) of the children had a VA > 0.3 logMAR in the worse eye compared with 2-3.9% (in literature) reported prevalence in non-screening situations. Children who were less frequently screened had a higher chance of poor vision (>0.3 logMAR) at age seven.CONCLUSION: The Dutch child vision screening programme may reduce the risk of persistent amblyopia (VA > 0.3 logMAR) at age seven by more than half.
KW - Amblyopia/diagnosis
KW - Eye Diseases/diagnosis
KW - Infant
KW - Netherlands
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Vision Screening/methods
de Koning HJ, Groenewoud JH, Lantau VK, Tjiam AM, Hoogeveen WC, de Faber JTHN et al. Effectiveness of screening for amblyopia and other eye disorders in a prospective birth cohort study. Journal of Medical Screening. 2013 Jun;20(2):66-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969141313497355

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After choosing from the three basic types of precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), the next step is to choose the investment category. Each of the listed categories has different characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. All physical investment metals carry a premium or added value above the current spot price. The metal has to be mined, purified, assayed and formed into the form of a bar then into a coin. These cost factors are priced into the value of physical metals. The above spot price of legal tender coins varies from bullion being the lowest and certified-graded coins being the highest.
The market premium is determined by factors such as dealer sales price, rarity, condition, mint, grading and supply and demand.
Bullion consists of bars and newer minted government coins such as Chinese Panda, American Eagles, U.S Buffalos, Canadian Maple Leafs, Austrian Philharmonics, and South African Krugerrands. Bullion is mass produced each year and traded closer to the corresponding spot market price. You can purchase bullion slightly over the spot price and liquidate/sell it slightly under the spot price. The price is set by the mint, and overall open market demand. Certain bullion products are legal tender and some are non legal tender. Bullion is mostly acquired by institutions and corporations in large bulks as a short-term investment for small percentage gain.
Under past and current laws, by Federal Law these government coins and bars require dealer reporting of IRS1099 form. Your personal information is asked when you liquidate/sell such as your name, address and social security number when the cash out amount exceeds over $600. These non-confidential transactions are reported to the IRS for their use of tracking etc. Government bullion coins and bars have been recalled, banned or prohibited by the government in the past. We mention this not because we foresee it happening in the future, but because it is a commonly asked question.
Are you looking for the Privacy benefits that the certified-graded coins offer without the high collector premiums?
Semi-numismatic coins are part numismatic and bullion. Their value is set between bullion coins that carry the lowest price and certified-graded coins that carry the highest premium. Long-term Investors looking to capitalize on the precious metals bull market acquire semi-numismatics as their value is directly affected by the corresponding spot market. The industry commonly refers to semi-numismatic as "Private Metals" offering the most metal content for your dollar in a non-government supervised investment. If you are looking for profit potential, a hedge against inflation or wealth preservation, and stay off the radar. Semi-numismatics are the asset of choice!
These coins are not minted anymore, due to there limited supply history has shown that these semi-numismatics coins restrain from downward pressure in the market also outperforming bullion because of their demand due to their lower pricing.
Under Past and Current Laws, these coins are exempt from dealer reporting of IRS 1099 form. No personal information such as your social security is asked when you cash out. Confidential transactions are favored by people concerned with sharing identity information. Numismatic Coins have been exempted from past Government Recalls, Bans and Gold Bullion Prohibition. We mention this because it is a commonly asked question.
Certified-Graded Coins are full numismatics and carry high collector premiums well above the corresponding spot price. These Coins are graded by two of the world's most respected grading companies. Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC) and Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS). These coins are sealed in a transparent hard casing with a barcode and graded as Mint State (MS), 60 to 70. The higher the number, the higher the value of the coin. Certified-Graded coins are bought mostly by collectors, not investors who are typically trying to get the most metal content for their dollar. All Numismatic coins carry higher premiums over Bullion price. Higher graded coins like MS 68 to 70 may have a thinner trading market. On the positive side of Certified-Graded coins, is they have a history of stable pricing during volatile market conditions, meaning at times these coins have restrained from downward pressure in a falling market also have outperformed bullion up to 5 to 1 due to supply and demand.
For more information on this topic from respected third party ROB RUSSELL click U.S News image below.


text:
Subject: Fellowship at Guggenheim Museum
Fellowship at Guggenheim Museum
From: Joanna Phillips <jphillips<-a>
Date: Friday, June 13, 2014
Kress Fellowship in Time-based Media Conservation
The Conservation Department at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in
New York is accepting applications for a one-year, full-time Kress
Conservation Fellowship in Time-based Media Conservation, starting
October 1, 2014.  The Kress Fellowship will focus on the
conservation and presentation of video, film, slide, audio and
software-based art in the Guggenheim collection.  This Fellowship
has been supported by a grant from the Foundation of the American
Institute for Conservation, funded by the Samuel H. Kress
The Kress Fellowship at the Guggenheim is a unique educational
opportunity for a recent MA conservation graduate to obtain valuable
experience in the conservation of time-based media in the context of
an international art museum.  The Fellow will assist Guggenheim
conservation staff with the preparation, installation and
documentation of media art collection works, as well as collection
care activities such as intake of new acquisitions, facilitation of
loans, cataloguing of obsolete equipment, creation of installation
instructions and other artwork documentation.  The Fellow will also
have the opportunity to contribute to a research project on the
preservation of software-based art that will coincide with their
fellowship.
The successful candidate will have a completed MA degree from a
conservation program in the U.S. or Canada, and is legally
authorized to work in the U.S.  Candidates with relevant training
and experience in time-based media and contemporary art conservation
are preferred.  Candidates with a strong knowledge of various video,
audio or film technologies, electronic media, and computer code will
be given preference.
Application deadline: June 30, 2014
Fellowship start date: October 1, 2014
Compensation: $27,000 annual
Full-time, 40 hours/week, 12-month position
Qualified applicants please email your cover letter, resume and
relevant supporting materials as PDF to: Joanna Phillips, Time-based
Media Conservator at jphillips<-a t->guggenheim< . >org.  Indicate the title
'Kress Conservation Fellowship' in the subject line.
Founded in 1937, the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is dedicated
to promoting the understanding and appreciation of art, primarily of
the modern and contemporary periods, through exhibitions, education
programs, research initiatives, and publications.  The Guggenheim
network that began in the 1970s when the Solomon R. Guggenheim
Museum, New York, was joined by the Peggy Guggenheim Collection,
Venice, has since expanded to include the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
(opened 1997) and the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi (currently in
development).  Looking to the future, the Guggenheim Foundation
continues to forge international collaborations that take
contemporary art, architecture, and design beyond the walls of the
museum.  More information about the foundation can be found at
guggenheim.org.
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is an equal opportunity
employer.
Joanna Phillips
Conservator, Time-based Media
New York, NY 10128 0173
Distributed: Monday, June 16, 2014
Received on Friday, 13 June, 2014


text:
In computer science, a smart pointer is an abstract data type that simulates a pointer while providing added features, such as automatic memory management or bounds checking. Such features are intended to reduce bugs caused by the misuse of pointers, while retaining efficiency. Smart pointers typically keep track of the memory they point to, and may also be used to manage other resources, such as network connections and file handles. Smart pointers were first popularized in the programming language C++ during the first half of the 1990s as rebuttal to criticisms of C++'s lack of automatic garbage collection.

Pointer misuse can be a major source of bugs. Smart pointers prevent most situations of memory leaks by making the memory deallocation automatic. More generally, they make object destruction automatic: an object controlled by a smart pointer is automatically destroyed (finalized and then deallocated) when the last (or only) owner of an object is destroyed, for example because the owner is a local variable, and execution leaves the variable's scope. Smart pointers also eliminate dangling pointers by postponing destruction until an object is no longer in use.

If a language supports automatic garbage collection (for example, Java or C#), then smart pointers are unneeded for reclaiming and safety aspects of memory management, yet are useful for other purposes, such as cache data structure residence management and resource management of objects such as file handles or network sockets.

Several types of smart pointers exist. Some work with reference counting, others by assigning ownership of an object to one pointer.

History
Even though C++ popularized the concept of smart pointers, especially the reference-counted variety, the immediate predecessor of one of the languages that inspired C++'s design had reference-counted references built into the language.  C++ was inspired in part by Simula67.  Simula67's ancestor was Simula I.  Insofar as Simula I's element is analogous to C++'s pointer without null, and insofar as Simula I's process with a dummy-statement as its activity body is analogous to C++'s struct (which itself is analogous to C. A. R. Hoare's record in then-contemporary 1960s work), Simula I had reference counted elements (i.e., pointer-expressions that house indirection) to processes (i.e., records) no later than September 1965, as shown in the quoted paragraphs below.
Processes can be referenced individually. Physically, a process reference is a pointer to an area of memory containing the data local to the process and some additional information defining its current state of execution. However, for reasons stated in the Section 2.2 process references are always indirect, through items called elements. Formally a reference to a process is the value of an expression of type element.
…
element values can be stored and retrieved by assignments and references to element variables and by other means.
The language contains a mechanism for making the attributes of a process accessible from the outside, i.e., from within other processes. This is called remote access- ing. A process is thus a referenceable data structure.

It is worth noticing the similarity between a process whose activity body is a dummy statement, and the record concept recently proposed by C. A. R. Hoare and N. Wirth

Because C++ borrowed Simula's approach to memory allocationthe new keyword when allocating a process/record to obtain a fresh element to that process/recordit is not surprising that C++ eventually resurrected Simula's reference-counted smart-pointer mechanism within element as well.

Features
In C++, a smart pointer is implemented as a template class that mimics, by means of operator overloading, the behaviors of a traditional (raw) pointer, (e.g. dereferencing, assignment) while providing additional memory management features.

Smart pointers can facilitate intentional programming by expressing, in the type, how the memory of the referent of the pointer will be managed. For example, if a C++ function returns a pointer, there is no way to know whether the caller should delete the memory of the referent when the caller is finished with the information.

SomeType* AmbiguousFunction();  // What should be done with the result?

Traditionally, naming conventions have been used to resolve the ambiguity, which is an error-prone, labor-intensive approach. C++11 introduced a way to ensure correct memory management in this case by declaring the function to return a unique_ptr,

std::unique_ptr<SomeType> ObviousFunction();

The declaration of the function return type as a unique_ptr makes explicit the fact that the caller takes ownership of the result, and the C++ runtime ensures that the memory will be reclaimed automatically. Before C++11, unique_ptr can be replaced with auto_ptr.

Creating new objects
To ease the allocation of a std::shared_ptr<SomeType>C++11 introduced:

auto s = std::make_shared<SomeType>(constructor, parameters, here);

and similarly std::unique_ptr<some_type>Since C++14 one can use:

auto u = std::make_unique<SomeType>(constructor, parameters, here);

It is preferred, in almost all circumstances, to use these facilities over the new keyword.

unique_ptr
C++11 introduces , defined in the header .

A  is a container for a raw pointer, which the unique_ptr is said to own. A unique_ptr explicitly prevents copying of its contained pointer (as would happen with normal assignment), but the  function can be used to transfer ownership of the contained pointer to another . A unique_ptr cannot be copied because its copy constructor and assignment operators are explicitly deleted.

std::unique_ptr<int> p1(new int(5));
std::unique_ptr<int> p2 = p1;  // Compile error.
std::unique_ptr<int> p3 = std::move(p1);  // Transfers ownership. p3 now owns the memory and p1 is set to nullptr.

p3.reset();  // Deletes the memory.
p1.reset();  // Does nothing.

std::auto_ptr is deprecated under C++11 and completely removed from C++17. The copy constructor and assignment operators of  do not actually copy the stored pointer. Instead, they transfer it, leaving the prior  object empty. This was one way to implement strict ownership, so that only one  object can own the pointer at any given time. This means that  should not be used where copy semantics are needed. Since  already existed with its copy semantics, it could not be upgraded to be a move-only pointer without breaking backward compatibility with existing code.

shared_ptr and weak_ptr
C++11 introduces  and , defined in the header . C++11 also introduces  ( was introduced in C++14) to safely allocate dynamic memory in the RAII paradigm.

A  is a container for a raw pointer.  It maintains reference counting ownership of its contained pointer in cooperation with all copies of the . An object referenced by the contained raw pointer will be destroyed when and only when all copies of the  have been destroyed.

std::shared_ptr<int> p0(new int(5));  // Valid, allocates 1 integer and initialize it with value 5.
std::shared_ptr<int[]> p1(new int[5]);  // Valid, allocates 5 integers.
std::shared_ptr<int[]> p2 = p1;  // Both now own the memory.

p1.reset();  // Memory still exists, due to p2.
p2.reset();  // Frees the memory, since no one else owns the memory.

A  is a container for a raw pointer. It is created as a copy of a shared_ptr. The existence or destruction of  copies of a shared_ptr have no effect on the shared_ptr or its other copies. After all copies of a shared_ptr have been destroyed, all weak_ptr copies become empty.

std::shared_ptr<int> p1 = std::make_shared<int>(5);
std::weak_ptr<int> wp1 {p1};  // p1 owns the memory.

{
  std::shared_ptr<int> p2 = wp1.lock();  // Now p1 and p2 own the memory.
  // p2 is initialized from a weak pointer, so you have to check if the
  // memory still exists!
  if (p2) {
    DoSomethingWith(p2);
  }
}
// p2 is destroyed. Memory is owned by p1.

p1.reset();  // Free the memory.

std::shared_ptr<int> p3 = wp1.lock();
// Memory is gone, so we get an empty shared_ptr.
if (p3) {  // code will not execute
  ActionThatNeedsALivePointer(p3);
}

Because the implementation of  uses reference counting, circular references are potentially a problem. A circular shared_ptr chain can be broken by changing the code so that one of the references is a weak_ptr.

Multiple threads can safely simultaneously access different  and  objects that point to the same object.

The referenced object must be protected separately to ensure thread safety.

 and  are based on versions used by the Boost libraries. C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) first introduced them to the standard, as general utilities, but C++11 adds more functions, in line with the Boost version.

Other types of smart pointers
There are other types of smart pointers (which are not in the C++ standard) implemented on popular C++ libraries or custom STL, some examples include hazard pointer and intrusive pointer.

See also
 auto_ptr
 Fat pointer
 Tagged pointer
 Opaque pointer
 Reference (computer science)
 Boost (C++ libraries)
 Automatic Reference Counting
 Resource acquisition is initialization (RAII)
 Garbage collection in computer programming

References

Further reading

 Smart Pointers - What, Why, Which?. Yonat Sharon
 Smart Pointers Overview. John M. Dlugosz

External links
 countptr.hpp. The C++ Standard Library - A Tutorial and Reference by Nicolai M. Josuttis
 Boost Smart Pointers
 Smart Pointers in Delphi
 Smart Pointers in Rust
 Smart Pointers in Modern C++

Articles with example C++ code
Data types

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is a placeholder page for Copeland Dougie, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Copeland Dougie.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Copeland Dougie. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Copeland Dougie. We created this page automatically in hopes Copeland Dougie would find it. If you are not Copeland Dougie, but are an alumni of Charlestown High School Charlestown, IN, register on this site for free now.


Portable keyboards make it possible for gigging musicians to take their keys on the road, but are also great for beginners looking for lightweight solutions that can easily be moved around for lessons. We've put careful consideration into our selection of low priced keyboards and stock solutions from fully-weighted concert keyboards to lightweight keyboards with built in lesson material. Whatever your need is, you'll find great prices on Yamaha, Roland, Nord and more!
Portable keyboards give both seasoned and aspiring pianists the flexibility to pack up and take their talents on the road or simply the ability to store their instrument when not in use. We carry a range of portable keyboards from entry level options with built in speakers to gigging keyboards for the big stage. At World of Stereo we've been supplying the Bay Area with portable keyboards for well over two decades and we understand the value of quality, that's why we carry keyboards from only the most reputable brands.
Yamaha PSREW410 76-Key High-Level Portable Keyboard.


text:
Die Massageten waren ein antikes Reitervolk, das im 6. Jahrhundert v. Chr. eine Stammes-Konföderation bildete, der sich auch die Saken anschlossen. Die Heimat der Massageten lag zwischen dem Kaspischen Meer und dem Aralsee an den Flüssen Oxus (Amudarja) und Jaxartes (Syrdarja). Der Name Massageten wird unterschiedlich erklärt, z. B. als "Fischervolk" oder "Große Horde" (W. Tomaschek 1889) oder als "Große Geten" (H. Kothe 1969).

Erwähnung in der Geschichtsschreibung

Antike

Der griechische Geschichtsschreiber Herodot (484–425 v. Chr.) berichtet in seinen Historien, dass es um 530 v. Chr. zu Kämpfen zwischen den Massageten und den Persern unter ihrem Eroberer Kyros II. (um 590–530 v. Chr.) kam, bei denen der Sohn der Massageten-Königin Tomyris starb. Tomyris schlug daraufhin die Perser, wobei Kyros II. am Ufer des Flusses Araxes tödlich verwundet wurde. Erst König Dareios I. gelang es, die persische Niederlage wettzumachen, als er auf einem Feldzug die Massageten zwischen 518 und 516 v. Chr. unterwarf.

Herodot beschreibt die Kleidung der Massageten als derjenigen der Skythen ähnlich, ihre Bewaffnung bestand aus Bögen, Lanzen sowie Streitäxten und viele Kriegerinnen nahmen am Kampf teil. Als Nachbarn der Massageten nennt Herodot die Skythen im Westen sowie Saken und Issedonen im Osten. Die Ausbreitung der Massageten sei der Auslöser für die Westwanderung der Skythen gewesen. Herodot bezeugt ferner die Verehrung der Sonne durch die Massageten, der sie Pferde opferten. Auch Pomponius Mela kennt die Massageten als Anwohner des Kaspischen Meeres.

Dem Perser Spitamenes gelang es 329–328 v. Chr. mit Hilfe skythischer Hilfstruppen, die wohl vor allem aus massagetischen Reitern bestanden, bedeutende Erfolge gegen verschiedene Heeresabteilungen Alexanders des Großen zu erzielen. Schließlich wurde er aber nach einer entscheidenden Niederlage von den Massageten ermordet, da diese sich wohl nicht einer erwartbaren Attacke des makedonischen Eroberers aussetzen wollten.

Einige Zeit später ging die Massageten-Konföderation im Verband der Sarmaten auf.

Mittelalter

Bei einigen Autoren des Mittelalters taucht die Bezeichnung Massageten im Zusammenhang mit einem Volksstamm im Baltikum auf. So erwähnt Hartmann Schedel in seiner Weltchronik von 1493 die Massageten als Bewohner eines zwischen Preußen und Livland gelegenen Gebietes.

Hierbei dürfte es sich um eine Verwechslung mit dem historischen Namen Samagetae für die Žemaiten oder (Samogiten) handeln, eines niederlitauischen Stammes, der in der beschriebenen Gegend siedelte.

Siehe auch
 Sarmatien – Oasenkultur

Literatur

 Hermann Hesse: Bei den Massageten, Erstdruck im "Berliner Tageblatt" vom 25. September 1927, aufgenommen in "Materialien zu Hermann Hesse, Der Steppenwolf", Frankfurt am Main 1972.

Weblinks

 Hermann Sauter: Massageten und Issedonen (2000, aus: "Studien zum Kimmerierproblem")
 Engelbert Hellen: Die großmütige Tomyris (2005, Inhaltsangabe der Massageten-Oper von Reinhard Keiser von 1717)
 Paul Halsall: Herodotus: Queen Tomyris of the Massagetai and the Defeat of the Persians under Cyrus (Universität New York 1998)
 Erwähnung der Massageten in der Schedelschen Weltchronik
 Pietro U. Dini zur fälschlichen Verwendung der Bezeichnung 'Massageten' bei verschiedenen Autoren des Mittelalters

Anmerkungen

Iranischsprachige Ethnie
Nomaden
Reiterkultur
Geten
Sarmaten


Better than a bandit's ears. Zama, the brilliant satire of Spanish colonialism, captured four top prizes at this year's ICS Awards, taking home best picture, best director for Argentinian maestro Lucrecia Martel, non-English language film, and lead actor for Daniel Giménez Cacho as the clueless corregidor.
Formed in 2003, the International Cinephile Society is an online group made up of approximately 110 accredited journalists, film scholars, historians and other industry professionals who cover film festivals and events on five continents. Led by ICS president Cédric Succivalli, each year the ICS honors the finest in American and international cinema.
In spread-the-wealth mode, voters bestowed only one or two awards each on a bevy of other outstanding films. Case in point, Lee Chang-dong's Burning – despite its runner-up status in best picture and three other categories – finished with just one win for Lee and Oh Jung-mi's tensely unnerving adapted screenplay. Meanwhile, First Reformed auteur Paul Schrader nabbed the original screenplay prize with his Bergman/Bresson-inspired tale of faith undone in the modern world.
Shoplifters' multigenerational cast managed to form an entire family out of society's rejects, while stealing our hearts and our ensemble award. Sakura Andô, in an emotionally stunning performance, tied for lead actress as a woman who must pit her maternal instinct against her survival instinct. And in a surprise twist, the other lead actress award went to the sensational Helena Howard for Madeline's Madeline, as she fully immersed us in a young drama student's mental turmoil.
If Beale Street Could Talk won supporting actor for Brian Tyree Henry's wrenching monologue on the jail trauma of an unjustly accused man, while composer Nicholas Britell, with his warm jazz score, persuaded us to trust love all the way. And Rachel Weisz, playing wily politician Lady Sarah in The Favourite, schemed her way to the supporting actress trophy against formidable opposition.
Innovative filmmaker RaMell Ross earned two awards, for best documentary and film editing, with his lyrical journey into the lives and community of Hale County This Morning, This Evening. Previous ICS winner Wes Anderson charmed us again with those shaggy ex-pet-riates from the top animated film, Isle of Dogs. Alfonso Cuarón's panoramic, light-infused street scenes earned Roma the cinematography prize. Finally, production designer Astrid Tonnelier metamorphosed a surreal island setting into a well-deserved win for The Wild Boys.
In addition to award winners for the previous year announced each February, the ICS revealed a Top 100 Films of the 1990s in the first half of 2010. ICS has been accredited at the Festival de Cannes in 2010-2018, and also covers a number of other film festivals including Berlin, Toronto, New York, Vancouver, Rome, Venice, San Sebastian, San Francisco, AFI, Seattle, Rotterdam and TCM.
Here is the full list of winners and runners-up for the 16th International Cinephile Society (ICS) awards.


text:
Jerusalem Post Israeli News Israeli Politics
Jerusalem formally mum on Kuntar killing, ministers and MKS congratulate whoever did it
The prime minister discussed the Saturday terror attack in Ra'anana and plans to integrate more haredim into the civil service.
By HERB KEINON, ARIEL BEN SOLOMON, REUTERS
Published: DECEMBER 20, 2015 12:38
Updated: DECEMBER 21, 2015 05:32
Israel welcomes Kuntar's death in Damascus, doesn't say if it killed him
While Jerusalem made no formal comment about Saturday's killing in Syria of Lebanese Druse terrorist Samir Kuntar, various ministers and MKs were not shy Sunday about expressing their satisfaction, without in any way acknowledging any Israeli responsibility.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who often uses the opening of weekly cabinet meetings to comment on hot topics on the national agenda, made no mention Sunday of Kuntar's killing.
Hezbollah and Syrian state media accused Israel of assassinating the Hezbollah leader in an air strike in Damascus.
The pro-Hezbollah Lebanese newspapers Al-Akhbar and As-Safir had pictures of Kuntar on their websites. "How will Hezbollah respond to the assassination of Kuntar and when?" read the headline on As-Safir.
"I am not confirming or denying anything to do with this matter," Construction Minister Yoav Galant told Israel Radio, adding: "It is good that people like Samir Kuntar will not be part of our world."
National Infrastructure, Energy and Water Minister Yuval Steinitz, however, said on his way to the cabinet meeting that while he usually does not react to "such rumors or reports," Kuntar was "known to be a very brutal terrorist."
"He killed a civilian family, including a baby, many years ago and he's still involved in terrorism," Steinitz said of the terrorist whose brutal attack in Nahariya in 1979 killed four Israelis, including a four-year old girl. "So if something happened to him, I think that no civilized person can be sorry."
Kuntar is a "despicable person," Steinitz said. "It is possible that the Finnish intelligence service acted here, I have no idea, I know only what I see in the media."
Israel released Kuntar in a deal with Hezbollah in 2008 for the bodies of Eldad Regev and Ehud Goldwasser, IDF reservists who were killed and had their bodies taken in a 2006 cross-border attack that led to the Second Lebanon War.
Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked (Bayit Yehudi) told Army Radio that she, like everyone else, first heard of Kuntar's death in the media.
"Like everyone, I have to say I am happy," she said. "We are talking about an arch-terrorist who smashed the head of a four-year-old girl against a rock, never repented, and as soon as he was released, returned to terrorism and established a terrorist infrastructure on the [Syrian] Golan Heights. It is good his soul was returned to the Creator."
Opposition leader Isaac Herzog (Zionist Union) posted on Twitter that Kuntar was "a terrorist who did not abandon, for one day, the path of terrorism and murder. The region is safer without him."
Yisrael Beytenu chairman Avigdor Liberman said that while "we have no idea who killed him, those who did deserve congratulations from the people of Israel."
Prof. Eyal Zisser, a leading expert on Syria from the Moshe Dayan Center at Tel Aviv University, told The Jerusalem Post, "The liquidation of Kuntar is a blow to Iran and Hezbollah and also to the Syrian regime that supported his actions, or at least glanced the other way."
The killing of Kuntar, if indeed Israel was behind it, "has re-drawn a redline – that Israel will not allow terrorist activities from Syrian territory," he said.
Despite the hardship Hezbollah is going through due to its involvement in the war in Syria, Zisser said the terrorist organization might try to find a way to take revenge against Israel.
"But, it is clear that the current state of affairs leaves the group with no desire or ability to drag the region into escalation," he added.
MK Moti Yogev (Bayit Yehudi), who served as a commander in the Paratroop Brigade in 1979 in the North, welcomed the death of Kuntar.
"With thanks and appreciation to those who worked for the elimination of Kuntar and other terrorist leaders," Yogev said.
MK Ksenia Svetlova (Zionist Union), who also is a Middle East expert, told of how during her visit to Lebanon during 2005 and 2006, she saw Kuntar's picture everywhere.
Israel has formally kept out of Syria's civil war, which started almost five years ago, but has bombed Hezbollah targets there without publicly acknowledging these sorties.
Hezbollah, which has sent hundreds of fighters to Syria to support President Bashar Assad, said Kuntar was "martyred" in an Israeli raid on the residential district of Jaramana in the Syrian capital.
Hezbollah's Al-Manar television station reported on its website that the attack completely destroyed the targeted building and caused damage to surrounding structures.
Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah was due to speak on Monday evening as both supporters of the group and Syrian loyalist groups said the death of Kuntar would be avenged and not be in vain.
Yaakov Amidror, the former Israeli national security adviser, predicted Hezbollah would seek to exact "small revenge" for Kuntar's killing, but said the terrorist group, like Iran, was likely too busy fighting in Syria to afford a new front with Israel.
"It would not be in their interest, and if they did so, they would have a big problem," Amidror said, alluding to Israel's threats to respond to any major Hezbollah attack with strikes in Lebanon.
Hezbollah's official media said Kuntar would be buried on Monday in a Shi'ite cemetery in its main stronghold of Dahiya in the southern suburbs of Beirut.
The party opened a condolences hall to receive the public.
"Such acts of the Zionist regime, which have become a consistent method, are the most dangerous forms of state terrorism," Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Hossein Jaber Ansari was quoted as saying by the country's ILNA news agency.
Syrian Information Minister Omran al Zubi pointed a finger at Israel but fell short of blaming it directly.
"The party that gains most from the assassination of Kuntar is the Zionist enemy whom we have long known for these cowardly attacks," Zubi told Al-Manar television.
Syrian state media said Kuntar was involved in a major offensive earlier this year in Quneitra, near the border with Israeli on the Golan Heights.
Rebels in southern Syria also claimed he was present in battles this year to defend a Syrian air base near the Druse city of Sweida, near the border with Jordan, that rebels sought to capture.
The Assad loyalist National Defense Forces in Jaramana, a bastion of government support and home to many of Syria's Druse minority as well as Christians, mourned Kuntar on its Facebook page.
"Two Israeli warplanes carried out the raid which targeted the building in Jaramana and struck the designated place with four long-range missiles," the NDF said.
Meanwhile, Kuntar's brother mourned him on his Facebook page on Sunday without giving details about his death.
"With pride we mourn the martyrdom of the leader Samir Kuntar and we are honored to join families of martyrs," Bassam Kuntar said in his post.
In January, according to foreign media, an Israeli strike in Syria killed six members of Hezbollah, including a commander and the son of the group's late military leader Imad Mughniyehm near the Golan Heights.


text:
By Ken Musante
Moneris Solutions Inc.
Having recently been president of a company owned by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., I have drunk from the fire hydrant of knowledge and have the following cautionary tale to share. It started in 2003 when Humboldt Merchant Services LP was purchased by First National Bank Holding Co. HMS became a small subsidiary within the FNB conglomerate. The workforce of HMS represented only 5 percent of FNB's roster of 2,000 employees. We were a modest, yet profitable, contributor to the company's earnings.
FNB had three banks (one apiece in California, Nevada and Arizona), along with other subsidiary companies in the wealth management, insurance and home owner association industries. The bulk of its earnings came from mortgage services and construction lending. Earnings were good and far superior to those of peer bank holding companies.
Furthermore, FNB's corporate structure was unique. One family, the Lamb family, owned the company, and the patriarch, Ray Lamb, was instrumental in establishing its organizational dynamics. FNB was capitalized through the Lamb family's personal net worth and augmented by trust-preferred securities - a fancy name for a loan that may be counted as bank capital. Because the bank had nontraditional capitalization, additional capital was not available when the economy soured in 2007. FNB could not quickly reach out to the public market for backing, and its individual owners did not have an unlimited supply of funds. Consequently, one way to raise capital was for the Lamb family to sell HMS to Ray Lamb, who would buy out HMS personally and contribute the purchase price to FNB's capital. Unfortunately, as banking conditions deteriorated, Lamb recognized the additional capital from HMS' sale would not keep the holding company afloat.
Instead, FNB sought an investor partner. The investment would be in the holding company, and HMS was to remain a subsidiary of it. But, as we all have seen, the collapse of the banking industry was faster and more severe than expected. Bank investors lost billons of dollars overnight, and the hope of finding an entity to invest in FNB vanished.
Enter the FDIC
In May 2008, Lamb and FNB's board of directors decided to sell HMS, along with other valuable assets, to an independent third party. HMS had discussions with three parties interested in buying the Eureka, Calif.-based processor.
On Fri., July 23, 2008, I was meeting with one of those parties in Eureka. On that same evening, after wrapping up discussions, I received an urgent call from an FDIC executive. FDIC representatives were en route to our office; the executive asked for all HMS managers to attend.
At 7:15 p.m., the FDIC officer - along with three outside consultants - held court and explained that HMS was now owned by the FDIC as a result of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency declaring FNB insolvent. I later learned the three consultants were necessary because the FDIC did not have sufficient staff to manage all the organizations it shuttered at that time.
Working for the FDIC was an unusual experience. The very first weekend, the FDIC paid all staff overtime and had us track hours on time sheets. I had not received overtime pay since college. Because our health care plan had been administered by our parent organization, it was now cancelled, and a new plan was quickly erected.
The FDIC had no understanding of HMS' value. The first night, I received queries from my new superior, such as, "Do you have a company car?" and "How much cash do you need from the parent organization each month?" For the record, the answers were no and zero. We have a cushion of $40-plus million in cash. But the fact that the FDIC did not realize we were a cash provider for FNB was of concern.
Foreign occupation
My education continued when I learned the meaning of the word "repudiate." Once the FDIC shutters an institution, it can nullify or repudiate all existing contracts at will. But because we were still a valuable company, and the FDIC wanted to sell HMS to the highest bidder, the agency did not nullify or repudiate any of our contracts. Instead, it worked to ensure our enterprise value was protected and maximized.
However, keeping an organization going was a foreign concept to the FDIC. I attended conference calls and was lectured by an FDIC representative on the "awesome powers of the FDIC." Being accustomed to a management philosophy that says power is earned by individuals' abilities, skills and knowledge, I was sickened by the conqueror's chest pounding.
My own direct boss - an FDIC officer - was more respectful, yet he was overburdened with running the sale process and had little time to oversee the day-to-day operations of the company.
Certain activities, such as pay raises and normal expense reimbursements, were simply prohibited.
I could no longer be reimbursed for purchasing alcohol (which is 30 percent of my normal monthly expense report).
Every expenditure was heavily scrutinized because that is where the FDIC perceived the risk. Merch-ant file approval, regardless of the amount, and our $200 million in monthly settlement and $25 million in reserves, was an afterthought. Those items were not on the "FDIC company checklist."
Another reason HMS' monthly settlement and reserves were not examined more fully is that HMS, as a team, quickly earned the FDIC's respect; very quickly after the takeover, it reduced the number of staff devoted to HMS from four to one. We were left to manage the business as long as we:
Did not spend money
Did not purchase alcohol
Did not issue press releases
Did not process pay raises
Our situation was very difficult. Our sponsor bank had failed. All our merchant contracts listed the name of a failed bank, and the new bank, Mutual of Omaha Bank, did not pick up the sponsorship duties. Any shared contract with FNB, like our health care, courier, telecommunication, travel, insurance, legal and lease agreements, had to be quickly rewritten directly through HMS.
Our staff was extremely uneasy about the rapid takeover and my inability to change certain rules by which our new parent company operated. Customers, partners and vendors all needed attention.
We conducted conference calls, one-on-one meetings and personal phone calls. We continued to work with the three interested buyers and explain to them our current situation. We lost a number of bank leads when FNB ceased attracting new business in order to focus on its own reorganization. This disruption in our normal operations resulted in HMS losing four high-quality, long-time professionals.
Despite all of this, we ensured our partners were paid on time. We ensured our customer needs were met, and we focused on the sale process at the same time. We addressed industry rumors with patience, facts and relentless follow-through. For my part, all my management skills, persuasiveness, good humor and patience were tested. I continually visualized myself leading the HMS team and its partners after the FDIC's occupation had ended; that's how I defined winning. In my mind, our competitors were the doubters and, in many instances, the FDIC was one of them. I was inspired by personal notes from long-time HMS staff and business partners. I printed them out and on particularly tough days I read them aloud.
We were fortunate because buyers saw HMS as more than the holder of a merchant portfolio; they recognized the value of the individuals and partners comprising company. I knew, believed and espoused that, so long as HMS continued doing what it was doing, the ultimate buyer would be a company that valued HMS as a whole.
Exit FDIC, enter Moneris
Therefore, I was, and continue to be, very pleased that Moneris US, a wholly owned subsidiary of Canada's largest processor Moneris Solutions Inc., took over HMS on Nov. 17, 2008. Subsequent to the sale, Moneris has validated my belief in HMS and the quality of its people. Moneris hired nearly all of the existing HMS staff and continues to build on HMS' brand name, its partners and its sales channel.
Linda Grimm is the newly appointed Director of Operations for all of Moneris Solutions. Ann Condon is Director of Software Development US. Xavier Ayala remains charged with serving HMS' contractor sales channel. I am proud that they remain in significant positions with Moneris. For my part, I am Moneris Solutions' Executive Vice President and Chief Sales Officer.
I am now working closely with industry veterans Joe Garza, Director of U.S. Sales, Pat Albright, Director of Business Development, and David Magley, Director of Regional Sales. I report to Moneris US President Greg Cohen - who is a part-time pilot and recreational shark chaser - which increases my possibilities for promotion.
I know the experience I have gained during my tenure as HMS' President will serve me well in my new position. I sincerely appreciate the trust that all our business partners placed in me and HMS during our troubled times. Their encouragement and support was critical to our success. I will always remember that.
Ken Musante is Executive Vice President and Chief Sales Officer for Moneris Solutions Inc. Contact him by e-mail at kmusante@hbms.com or by phone at 707-269-3200.


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The Armchair Club
A Question of Sport
Sporting Dinner
Mansfield's Sports Recognition Awards
Swimathon
SportsAid
Sports Foundation
Govt. Guidelines
Armchair Club Sports Foundation
The Armchair Club – a group of 9 local businessmen, has set up the Armchair Club Sports Foundation Trust which has now gained charitable status in a bid to increase funding for amateur sport in the area.
The club backs individuals and groups – particularly young people – and has paid out over £200,000 since 1982, mainly raised at four events each year – a Question Of Sport evening in March, a golf day in July, a sporting dinner in October and Mansfield's annual Sports Recognition Awards event in December.
Among its hundreds of beneficiaries have been double Olympic Games gold medal swimmer Rebecca Adlington, top international golfer Oliver Wilson, county cricketer Paul Franks, Olympic badminton star Chris Adcock, Commonwealth Games runner Stephen Lisgo, world sidecar champions Ben and Tom Birchall and Paralympic swimmers Charlotte Henshaw and Sam and Ollie Hynd, who were all supported long before they became famous for their achievements. The club has also backed many sporting clubs and organisations.
It is hoped that the foundation's charitable status will boost funds further. The foundation is encouraging people undertaking charity fundraising events and being sponsored through websites like JustGiving to make the foundation their nominated cause. Having charitable status will also mean that people wanting to make bequests or to make donations can do so to the foundation. Money raised would then be passed on to sportspeople and groups in the area through the Armchair Club Sports Foundation Trust.
A spokesman said: "Many people take part in a variety of sporting challenges every year to raise thousands of pounds for charities and good causes. A lot of this is done through online support and we hope that the foundation, which has charitable status, will attract support from people running the likes of marathons and half-marathons, for example. Also, people often want to donate to a charity. The Armchair Club Sports Foundation Trust makes it possible for them to donate to a charity and support local sport."
The Foundation aims to back community involvement in amateur sport through funding and assisting in the provision of facilities, equipment and support that will encourage the development of sport and encourage young people to participate. It will also continue the club's ethos from its beginning in 1982 – to see sport grow and flourish in the Mansfield & Ashfield areas and to enable people of all ages and ability to take part and enjoy life through sport.
While the Foundation will make it possible for people wanting to donate to a registered charity to back local sport, the Armchair Club itself will continue its regular fundraising work.
Armchair Club history
Armchair Club events
Armchair Club 100 Club
Previous Armchair Club beneficiaries
Some of the beneficiaries have gone on to world fame and success, such as double Olympic gold medal winning swimmer Rebecca Adlington who starred in the 2008 games in Beijing. Four years earlier 800-metre runner Ricky Soos reached the Olympic Games semi-finals four years after being backed by the club. Others who have reached national success include: Chris Adcock (badminton), Birchall Brothers Ben and Tom (sidecar racing), Paul Franks (cricket), Charlotte Henshaw (swimming), Sam and Olly Hynd (swimming), Stephen Lisgo (athletics), Mike Newell (cricket), Oliver Wilson (golf)


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Prosecutor V. Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir
Relevant Sections:
▪ Art. 6(b); 7(1)(g) of the Rome Statute
▪ 1996 Code of Crimes against Peace, Security of Mankind
Charges (Gender Based Crimes):
▪ Rape as a crime against humanity;
▪ Causing serious bodily or mental harm (including through acts of rape) as an act of genocide
Facts of alleged crimes:
For the first time, ICC had issued an arrest warrant for a sitting head of state. Al Bashir, a Sudanese national had pursuant to a Common Plan conducted unlawful attacks against civilians including murder, rape, torture from 2003 to 2009 during an armed conflict wherein thousands of civilian women from specific ethnic communities (Fur, Masalit and Zaghawa in the territory of Dafur, Sudan) had been systemically targeted and raped. Survivors recorded statements attesting to incidents of gang rape, violence and forced starvation with phrases such as : 'You, the black women we will exterminate you, you have no God' being hurled.
Notable points in the ICC's decision:
▪ In the Second Decision on the Prosecution's Application for a Warrant of Arrest for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al Bashir, the Prosecutor argued, and the Pre-Trial Chamber agreed, that sexual violence was an act of genocide through causing serious bodily or mental harm. Here, Chamber noted the rape of women within particular ethnic groups for the purpose of furthering genocide. However the charges for genocide were dropped a few months later since the ICC did not find the case strong enough. Instead an arrest warrant was issued for crimes against humanity and war crimes.
▪ The decision by the Pre-Trial Chamber II stated that irrespective of a person's official status, all State Parties to the Rome Statute must arrest a suspect against whom an ICC warrant is issued.
▪ Despite issue of warrants since way back in 2009, Al Bashir continues to evade arrest.


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Lansdale Catholic girls' soccer wins Catholic League title
Lansdale Catholic girls claim Philadelphia Catholic League soccer title with an overtime victory over Archbishop Ryan.
Lansdale Catholic celebrates after scoring in overtime to beat Archbishop Ryan and with the Catholic League title at Northeast High School stadium on Sunday.Read moreJOSE F. MORENO / Staff Photographer
by Corey Sharp
The Philadelphia Catholic League girls' soccer title game turned out to be a game of inches Sunday afternoon at Northeast High School.
In a scoreless game with 30 seconds left, Archbishop Ryan's Emily Deluisi took a shot from about 20 yards out that hit square off the crossbar.
Lansdale Catholic took advantage of the missed opportunity.
After a Taylor Connelly free kick went in front of the net, a massive scrum ensued. Sarah Fitzpatrick ended up tapping the ball in after Caroline Cleary's bicycle kick sent her the ball and Crusaders upended the Ragdolls in overtime, 1-0, to win the Catholic league title for the first time in school history.
"[Archbishop Ryan] was trying to clear it out [from the goal line]," Cleary said, "and someone got a foot on it and the ball came over my head. I knew I had to get a touch on it, so I bicycle kicked it. I wasn't even facing the net when we scored."
The close call before the end of regulation was used as a wake-up call for the Crusaders.
"I think a situation like that is what motivates you to come back and win it," first-year coach Bree Benedict said. "That really rallied us going into overtime."
This was Lansdale Catholic's fourth straight year in the Catholic league final. They came up empty the last three years, including last year's final against Archbishop Ryan.
The seniors, who were apart of the previous three years, weren't going to go down for a fourth straight year.
"When that free kick happened, we just knew that this was our opportunity to score," Fitzpatrick said
Both teams were very evenly matched. Lansdale's best chance in regulation came eight minutes into the game when Kristina Finkelstein headed a Julia Bocella corner just wide of the net. Archbishop Ryan had the aforementioned shot late in the game as its best chance.
But that last play came down to one thing for Benedict.
"Truthfully, a situation like that comes down to heart," Benedict said. "I think all year long we talked about it's not just playing really good soccer, it's about playing for each other. I think you could see in front of the goal they were going to whatever it took to put that ball in the back of the net."
The Crusaders will have a quick turnaround as they'll play Masterman in the District 12 title on Tuesday.
Corey Sharp


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Food arrived hot. Delivery very prompt and driver was very friendly.
Lots of blood in the chicken, Indicates poor treatment before slaughter. All fried food was soggy and soft. No crunch to it. And very late with a surely delivery man.
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It's clear that while their time together in the White House has ended, their friendship is still going strong.
We love a good political bromance — and this one just might be the best.
Barack Obama took to Twitter today to send birthday wishes to his former vice president, Joe Biden.
"Happy birthday to @JoeBiden, my brother and the best vice president anybody could have," Obama wrote.
Biden turned 75 years old today.
Obama also shared a funny snapshot, taken from a State of the Union address, that might perfectly sum up the pair's relationship: Biden is laughing behind Obama as the former president is delivering his speech with a serious expression on his face.
"ME: Joe, about halfway through the speech, I'm gonna wish you a happy birth--; BIDEN: IT'S MY BIRTHDAY!; ME: Joe," he wrote.
Earlier this month, Biden appeared on TODAY and shared stories about bonding with Obama over their children and grandchildren — and basketball, since the former president once coached the team that both Biden's granddaughter and Obama's daughter played on. Obama was also there for Biden when his late son, Beau, was battling brain cancer, the former vice president revealed.
"He's a generous guy, he's a genuine guy and (former first lady) Michelle is an incredible lady," Biden said.


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Disciplines Religion Islam
Conversion to Islam in the Premodern Age A Sourcebook
by Nimrod Hurvitz (Editor), Christian C. Sahner (Editor), Uriel Simonsohn (Editor), Luke Yarbrough (Editor)
$95.00, £80.00 Paperback
Joan Palevsky Imprint in Classical Literature
Illustrations: 2 maps
Request an Exam or Desk Copy Recommend to Your Library (PDF) RightsLink Rights and Permissions Buying Options
About the Book From Our Blog About the Author Reviews Related Books
Conversion to Islam is a phenomenon of immense significance in human history. At the outset of Islamic rule in the seventh century, Muslims constituted a tiny minority in most areas under their control. But by the beginning of the modern period, they formed the majority in most territories from North Africa to Southeast Asia. Across such diverse lands, peoples, and time periods, conversion was a complex, varied phenomenon. Converts lived in a world of overlapping and competing religious, cultural, social, and familial affiliations, and the effects of turning to Islam played out in every aspect of life. Conversion therefore provides a critical lens for world history, magnifying the constantly evolving array of beliefs, practices, and outlooks that constitute Islam around the globe. This groundbreaking collection of texts, translated from sources in a dozen languages from the seventh to the eighteenth centuries, presents the historical process of conversion to Islam in all its variety and unruly detail, through the eyes of both Muslim and non-Muslim observers.
#SBLAAR22 Browse Titles for Religion Courses
Explore our groundbreaking books that facilitate teaching across disciplines. To request an exam copy, click on "Request an Exam or Desk Copy" on the book page, and this will take you to …
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Editor Spotlight: Luke Yarbrough on Conversion to Islam in the Premodern Age
This post is part of our #MESA2020 blog series. Learn more at our MESA virtual exhibit. For this year's virtual MESA conference, Luke Yarbrough joined us to talk about the new co-edited book …
Nimrod Hurvitz is Associate Professor of Middle East Studies at Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel and the author of The Formation of Hanbalism: Piety into Power.
Christian C. Sahner is Associate Professor of Islamic History in the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of St Cross College, and the author of Christian Martyrs under Islam: Religious Violence and the Making of the Muslim World.
Uriel Simonsohn is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at the University of Haifa, Israel and the author of A Common Justice: The Legal Allegiances of Christians and Jews under Early Islam.
Luke Yarbrough is Associate Professor of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at the University of California, Los Angeles and the author of Friends of the Emir: Non-Muslim State Officials in Premodern Islamic Thought.
"The volume…will greatly help anyone who teaches premodern Islamic history using sources in translation and should stimulate further research into the fascinating topic of conversion." —DER ISLAM
"This is an extremely well-conceived volume on the crucial topic of conversion, composed of enthralling selections all translated and annotated by top specialists. The field of Islamic history lacks good sourcebooks, so this volume fills a large void and opens up new vistas for both teaching and research."—Ahmet T. Karamustafa, Professor of History, University of Maryland
"Any reader interested in interreligious relations and conversions will take great pleasure in discovering this diverse collection of texts, many translated into English for the first time from various languages. There is no doubt that this work, edited by renowned historians, will quickly become a standard reference."—Anne-Marie Eddé, Professor of Medieval Islamic History, Panthéon-Sorbonne University
Alef Is for Allah
Jamal J. Elias
Shari'ah on Trial
Sarah Eltantawi
Crossing Confessional Boundaries
John Renard
Said the Prophet of God
Joel Blecher
Revival from Below
Brannon D. Ingram
The Light of the World
Joseph ibn Nahmias
Muhammad and the Empires of Faith
Sean W. Anthony
Preaching Islamic Renewal
Jacquelene G. Brinton
Avicenna's Theory of Science
Riccardo Strobino
Stories between Christianity and Islam
Reyhan Durmaz


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Anandavadi
Anandavadi Population, Caste, Working Data Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu - Census 2011
Anandavadi is a village situated in Sendurai taluka of Ariyalur district in Tamil Nadu. As per the Population Census 2011, there are total 1,087 families residing in the village Anandavadi. The total population of Anandavadi is 4,262 out of which 2,108 are males and 2,154 are females thus the Average Sex Ratio of Anandavadi is 1,022.
The population of Children of age 0-6 years in Anandavadi village is 492 which is 12% of the total population. There are 273 male children and 219 female children between the age 0-6 years. Thus as per the Census 2011 the Child Sex Ratio of Anandavadi is 802 which is less than Average Sex Ratio (1,022) of Anandavadi village.
As per the Census 2011, the literacy rate of Anandavadi is 65.3%. Thus Anandavadi village has higher literacy rate compared to 63.7% of Ariyalur district. The male literacy rate is 78.31% and the female literacy rate is 52.92% in Anandavadi village.
As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act (Amendment 1998), Anandavadi village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of the village.
Anandavadi Data as per Census 2011
As per the Population Census 2011 data, following are some quick facts about Anandavadi village.
Scheduled Tribe 132 61 71
Illiterate 1,801 671 1,130
Schedule Caste (SC) constitutes 33.7% while Schedule Tribe (ST) were 3.1% of total population in Anandavadi village.
In Anandavadi village out of total population, 1,931 were engaged in work activities. 82.4% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 17.6% were involved in Marginal activity providing livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 1,931 workers engaged in Main Work, 712 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 648 were Agricultural labourer.
Main Workers 1,592 984 608
Cultivators 712 441 271
Household Industries 31 13 18
Map of Anandavadi, Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu
Nearby Villages to Anandavadi, Sendurai
Below are the list of villages near Anandavadi village in Sendurai.
Irumbilikurichi 3,668
Kilimangalam 2,926
Paranam 4,844
Sirukadambur 3,255
Sendurai 9,643
Unjini 5,021
Pilakurichi 3,942
Nagalkuzhi 3,723
Keezhamaligai 3,078
Ponparappi 4,754
Anandavadi, Ariyalur, Tamil Nadu - Wikipedia


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NewsEducation TodayGK & Current AffairsDid you know?Remembering the author of The Lord of Rings and Hobbit, J R R Tolkien
Remembering the author of The Lord of Rings and Hobbit, J R R Tolkien
Here are some lesser-known facts that you must know about the Lord of the Rings writer J R R Tolkien.
New Delhi,UPDATED: Jan 3, 2019 12:10 IST
John Ronald Reuel Tolkien or J R R Tolkien was an English writer, poet, professor, philologist, and is regarded as 'The Lord of Fantasy.'
By India Today Web Desk: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien or J R R Tolkien was an English writer, poet, professor, philologist, and is regarded as 'The Lord of Fantasy.'
His works had the touch of different cultures and mythologies. Tolkien created a world of fantasy within the real world, taking the reader to distant places like the Middle-Earth.
There have been many adaptations from Tolkien's works in Hollywood, music, art, video games, literature etc.
A little-known fact about J R R Tolkien is that during the years 1919 and 1920, he worked on the staff of the Oxford English Dictionary. Tolkien was later quoted as saying that he "learned more in those two years than in any other equal period of my life."
He had an interesting love for the language and sometimes would craft entire passages just so he could make a subtle word-joke. During his time at the Oxford English Dictionary, he actually contributed to a few words with their citations and meanings.
Here is a look at his literary contributions to the dictionary:
Some quick facts on the creator of Middle Earth:
1. Tolkien was born in South Africa to English parents.
2. His birth name was John Ronald Reuel Tolkien.
3. Ronald became an orphan at the age of 12. His father died of rheumatic fever and a few days after his father's death, his mother died of acute diabetes.
4. In his first term in Oxford, Tolkien stole a bus as a prank and he went on a ride with his friends.
5. He met his wife Edith Mary Tolkien at the age of 16. He proposed to her at the age of 21 and they were married for 55 years.
6. Tolkien served in the British army in the First World War as a second lieutenant in the 11th Battalion. He also fought in the Battle of Somme.
7. He spoke more than 15 languages, which included Latin, Anglo-Saxon etc.
8. Tolkien also invented his own languages for fun like Nevbosh, Naffarin, and Sindarin.
9. He never really cared about getting his works published. Most of them were published posthumously.
10. In 2009, Forbes listed J R R Tolkien as the 5th top-earning dead author.0
11. 'Tolkien Reading Day' is celebrated on March 25 by the Tolkien Society all around the world.
Also read | Stan Lee, the Marvel hero who changed our lives forever is no more
Interested in General Knowledge and Current Affairs? Click here to stay informed and know what is happening around the world with our G.K. and Current Affairs section.
To get more updates on Current Affairs, send in your query by mail to education.intoday@gmail.com
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