text:
Home » Funding » Joining the dots: unprecedented level of pan-European research activism
Joining the dots: unprecedented level of pan-European research activism
2 October, 2014 Sabine Louët Leave a comment
Research activism in Europe is about to transcend borders. Forthcoming protests movements planned for around mid-October in France, Italy and Spain are not a coincidence. Scientists will rally their respective capitals—be it on their bike or on foot—as a result of unprecedented concerted planning. Up until recently, the scientists involved did not collaborate across borders to campaign for a change in their own working environment. Yet, they are no strangers to international collaboration, when it comes to their research projects. So what triggered this shift in attitude?
Several factors come into play. First, national research activism movements are increasingly relying on online communication tools to make their messages widely available. Thus, the multiplying effect of social media combined with the existence of expatriate communities of scientists within Europe—due to the brain drain from Southern and Eastern Europe—plays a part. As a result, activists have gained an international leverage never attained before. But, clearly these are not the only drivers.
The second aspect is that austerity policies have pushed those bearing their consequences—particularly scientists from Southern Europe—to react. As a result, researchers are taking their responsibilities, as citizens, to try and change their working conditions themselves.
Interestingly, the upcoming wave of grassroots protests by citizen scientists is reminiscent of the European Parliament election campaign, earlier this year. It gave rise to the emergence of citizen democracy movements, such as Podemos, among others, in Spain, which partly built its campaign on the need to support research and innovation.
It is ironical that it took so long for European scientists to overcome their own geographical short-sightedness. Only now do they realise that many of their concerns—albeit not all, as some issues remain country specific —are shared with their neighbours.
The irony of the situation does not stop here. Research activists themselves are now accusing both the European Commission and national governments of short-sightedness in their research and innovation policies.
This means that these activists no longer see national governments as the only target for their demands. This demonstrates a better understanding of the complexity that governs research and innovation in Europe. This also shows that they are hopeful of the potential role Brussels could play in whipping national governments into shape, and making them abide by their pledge to increase support for R&D at national level. Hence, the idea of a coordinated protest at pan-European level to gain support for the establishment of a more sustainable research ecosystem .
Pan-European dialogue is now in order to counter all types of short-sightedness. Responding to such need, a timely new forum, called the Homo scientificus europaeus blog will be launched next week. It has been initiated by researchers' communities from across Europe—North and South—and is hosted by the EuroScientist. Its objective is to facilitate debates and discussions going beyond the traditional rhetoric and to help bring novel solutions for research and innovation in Europe to the attention of policy makers. It could become the link that helps join the dots of the multivariable European research puzzle.
Featured image credit: CC BY-SA 2.0 by Matteo Recagni
Go back to the Special Issue: Research Activism
Sabine Louët
Former editor at EuroScientist
Sabine has a passion for all things related to European research. A physicist by training, she has been covering stories in life science, the physical sciences, technology, policy and innovation for the past 20 years. She was previously the news editor at Nature Biotechnology. She was also involved in the creation of AlphaGalileo. She is the Founder of SciencePOD translating complex science and tech concepts into high-quality articles written in simple language.
Latest posts by Sabine Louët (see all)
All good things come to an end - 30 March, 2018
Ivo Verbeek: cutting the middle man in language editing - 21 March, 2018
Podcast: How open science could benefit from blockchain - 31 January, 2018
bordersEC policyeuropean scientistsFranceItalylong term policypan-europeanProtestResearch activismResearch fundingResearch policyshort sightednessshort term policySpainsupra-national protest
Previous PostScience funding angst: is rhetoric masking what is really at stake?Next PostResearch Activism


which leads me to my take hermoine... "... lots of bushy brown hair, and rather large front teeth,"
Very nice, though I think I prefer your movie based H. a little more.
As for the Sox, I really don't want to play the Angels in the first round and right now Cleveland has the better record of the two, so if that remains the case, I'd rather be the wild card and go to Cleveland, where we did well this year, rather than have to travel to the west coast, where we have had more than our share of trouble.
That said, I'd really like them to put together a nice rune and go into the playoffs with a little momentum, not to mention a healthy Manny.
Beautiful colors and lighting. Very nice!
Soz dropped another...bases loaded looking for the double play and WHAM grand slam!!! 1.5 games ahead of the Yankees. What the heck!
These are awesome. You really captured Hermione. Nice work.
Please tell me there's a Fleur or at least a Cho Chang forthcoming.
Or if we're talking about pretty folk,...Hagrid?
These are awesome! Lovin' the treatment you're giving the Potter crew. Esp. Snape!


DAYTONA BEACH -- The track surface at Daytona International Speedway was so rough and bumpy that some drivers chewed gum to keep their teeth from chattering during a race or practice.
As the years passed, the track surface between Turns 1 and 2, and Turns 3 and 4 were more like rumble strips.
During the 2010 Daytona 500, after 52 years of service, the surface failed when a pothole developed in the west banking of the tri-oval. NASCAR's biggest event was stopped twice so crews could patch the pothole.
Jamie McMurray can make the argument that he won last year's Daytona 500 with the Speedway course in its worst condition.
"When we were out there running, you could feel the bump (pothole), but I had no idea how big it was, or what we were fighting," McMurray said during a phone interview Wednesday.
"Looking back at the photos and videos, I realize now how bad it was. All I can remember are the last three restarts. That is the only memory I have of that race."
And the pothole is nothing but a memory. The quick fix was a concrete patch.
Two days after the July 3 Coke Zero 400, Daytona's second Cup race date, the track hustled to rip out the old material and lay down four layers of new, high-tech asphalt.
The 2.5-mile tri-oval is now a smooth, pristine ride with no bumps, dips or surface errors.
"It's completely different now," McMurray said. "There is tons of grip. The last four or five years at Daytona, you had tire worries when Speed Weeks started. Your tires would just go away during the race. Now, no tire issues."
For that reason, NASCAR will allow Sprint Cup teams three days of testing beginning this morning at the Speedway.
The public is invited to join in the celebration of speed via the NASCAR Preseason Thunder Fan Fest. Drivers will interact with race fans tonight and Friday evening.
McMurray and his peers will be busy during the day fine-tuning their stock cars for Speed Weeks and Daytona 500.
McMurray drives the No. 1 Earnhardt-Ganassi Racing Chevrolet. The team got its fill of drafting during the Goodyear tire test in December, so McMurray will focus his efforts on squeezing more speed from his machine.
"We're not going to participate in any of the drafting sessions," McMurray said. "We are going to work on single-car runs. What we learned from the Goodyear test is that handling won't be an issue.
"The track has so much grip, the tires are no concern because there's no heat or wearing issues at all. It's about making your car fast. We plan to focus on single-car speed and draft when we return for the Budweiser Shootout."
According to the Daytona record book, the Speedway is overdue for a back-to-back Daytona 500 winner. The last driver to do it was Sterling Marlin in 1994-95.
If McMurray defends, it will be with a twist. He would be the last driver to win on the old course and first to win on the new asphalt.
"I hope that is 100 percent correct," McMurray said. "I watched the Daytona 500 for years before racing in it. It's the biggest race in NASCAR.
"I didn't realize what a big deal it was to win the race and the amount of exposure and attention by media and fans. I do know now. It would be pretty amazing to defend my title."


text:
Home / Former Coronation Street actress to become honorary patron of domestic abuse charity
Former Coronation Street actress to become honorary patron of domestic abuse charity
By Ross on 11th December, 2018@lichfieldlive
Katherine Kelly
Award-winning actress Katherine Kelly has become an honorary patron of a local charity supporting domestic and sexual abuse victims.
The former Coronation Street star will take on the role with Pathway.
She joins other notable names such as TV presenter Joanne Mailin, the Bishop of Lichfield Dr Michael Ipgrave and Ian Dudson, the Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire, in supporting the charity.
The Pathway Patrons scheme is a way for people to donate to the charity annually to help support the work they do.
Katherine said: "I have been a friend of the Pathway Project since 2012, when my friend Christopher and I spent the day with Kathy Coe and her team of volunteers and survivors at the Hope Centre.
"I feel humbled to be asked to be a patron of the charity and proud to make my involvement and support for the Pathway Project official.
Kathy Coe, Chief Executive of Pathway, said: "We are absolutely thrilled that Katherine has joined us as an honorary patron.
"I was delighted to meet Katherine when she came to film with us and she spent a day here at the Hope Centre.
"She was so supportive of our work and I was really moved that she remembered us and said yes to becoming an honorary patron.
"This shows the kind of person she is – generous of heart. She is an inspiration and a wonderful role model for our young people, showing them that you can achieve whatever you set out to be."
For more details about becoming a Pathway Patron contact Amandab@pathway-project.co.uk or call 01543 442618.
Related ItemsactressfeaturedKathy CoePathwayPathway Project
← Previous Story Doors set to open on new Lichfield Library
Next Story → Stickers being used to tell Lichfield and Burntwood residents not to put black bags in blue recycling bins

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Has anyone used Meridian Australia before? They claim to be an investment property research firm with an estate agent side to their business.
Looks like a conflict of interest but would be great to hear any feedback!


For those curious about a lost dog you saw, or when your local park is hosting a clay sculpting class, or just have to know about the 12 squad cars parked outside your neighbor's house last night.
An eclectic news site to find out which local won the air guitar championships, or what exhibit is causing controversy at the MCA, or an interview with the waitress who serves Rahm his breakfast every morning.
Wonder why their were helicopters flying over your 'hood last night? Want to read about the latest alderman indictment? Maybe curious about the raucous meeting for your new playground monkey bars? An extensive site updated daily with news from throughout Chicago's varied neighborhoods.
If the real estate pages had a gossip section, this would be it. They manage to show you photos of a local celebrity house with links to controversial building tear-downs and previews of building plans to major Chicago projects all with the promise of cheeky headlines.
Your neighbor told you he plans on building a four unit split face block monstrosity, it's time to find out what your block or building is zoned for. Packed full of nerdy zoning info. You'll love it!
See what projects need a permit, how you can get one yourself and find the long list of projects that do NOT need a permit. You'll also find information for Green building credits and the City of Chicago's dedication to the world's worst graphic design.
Taxes. How much are your neighbors paying compared to you? It's a bit confusing, and it will take a day's research to figure out what all the numbers mean, but it's still useful.
Chicago Public Schools - What School comes with this House?
Can't figure out what elementary school serves your new home? This is THE map locator for the entire city of Chicago so you can find a house in the school district you prefer. Unfortunately, there are not lunch lady ratings.
If you have the fortitude to build a new home, this man should be your Master. Unique, sustainable, and empowering. If you are not familiar with his work or philosophy, it's worth the visit.
You won't find the themed masquerade parties that take place in the abandoned underground sewer channels every third Tuesday of the month, but otherwise, it's probably listed here.
Has the world ever seen a better database of users exchanging every conceivable 'thing' a human could desire, from employment to marriage to free piles of rubber bands? It's all Chicago local and it's all here, and despite the over-CAPITALIZED free market's inevitable infiltration, the home team is still winning.
Cheap yoga, cheap crafts, cheap gym memberships, cheap beer...uh, well, you get the idea. Schedules for the pools, special events, full moon parties. Tax dollars you'll want to take advantage of.
A truly comprehensive real estate website to see what people are talking about, and selling, and buying, and basically anything to do with anything real estate related will have some discussion going.
The same as above but with even more real estate advice sections, like "how to refinance a mobile home" or "how to fire a realtor who also happens to be my mother"
No, not an expensive trip to 900 N. Michigan. It's an elevated rail line, gaining new life as a strolling, jogging, biking, art extravaganza path through four Chicago neighborhoods extending from the Chicago River through Wicker Park/Bucktown into the western sections of Humboldt Park/Logan Square, conveniently one block from the Captain Realty office!
This is not a way to help Chicago residents who have fled the cold but rather a crucial organization that provides every imaginable resource to Chicago's immigrant, low income and refugee populations, and where I have been a volunteer ESL teacher for years.
A Chicago based organization for over 85 years that provides services for visually impaired people (but not of the inebriated variety), and where I have been a volunteer reader for several years.
The unfinished site doesn't do it justice. Beehives, Permaculture, Edible Mushroom Logs, Murals, Sculptures, Produce, Flowers, Planted Labyrinth, 13 Barrel Rain Collection System. No individual plots. Perhaps, Chicago's most unique community garden. Located on the 1600 Block of North Richmond Street, You can't miss it. Yes, I am a member.


text:
longtermtimelapse
What Is A Isda Agreement
The mastery agreement is the central document around which the rest of the ISDA documentation structure is cultivated. The pre-printed framework contract is never amended, with the exception of the addition of the names of the parties, but is adapted to the master agreement by the use of the calendar, a document containing options, additions and changes to the framework contract. An ISDA master contract is the standard document that is regularly used to regulate over-the-counter derivatives transactions. The agreement, published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA), outlines the conditions to be applied to a derivatives transaction between two parties, usually to a derivatives trader and counterparty. The master contract of the ISDA itself is the norm, but it is accompanied by a bespoke timetable and sometimes an annex to support the credit, both signed by both parties in a given transaction. The framework contract allows the parties to calculate their net financial commitment in over-the-counter transactions, i.e. a party calculates the difference between what it owes to a counterparty under a master contract and what the consideration owes under the same agreement. ISDA is responsible for the development and maintenance of the ISDA lead contract, which serves as a model for discussions between a trader and the counterparty who wish to enter into a derivatives transaction. The MASTERagrement ISDA was first published in 1992 and updated in 2002. The ISDA Masteragrement gives an overview of all trading areas in a typical transaction. These include late payment events and termination events, such as the contract being entered into when an event occurs, and even how the tax consequences are handled. In 1987, ISDA established three documents: (i) a standard form control agreement for U.S.
dollar interest rate swaps; (ii) a standard-master contract for multi-currency interest rate and exchange rate swaps (known as the "1987 ISDA Executive Contract"); and (iii) definitions of interest rates and currencies. "All transactions are concluded on the basis that this master contract and all confirmations form a single agreement between the parties … and the parties would not make transactions otherwise. Over-the-counter derivatives are traded between two parties, not through an exchange or intermediary. The size of the over-the-counter market means that risk managers must carefully review traders and ensure that authorized transactions are properly managed. When two parties complete a transaction, they will each receive confirmation explaining their details and referring to the signed agreement. The terms of the ISDA master contract then cover the transaction. The framework contract is quite long and the negotiation process can be difficult, but once a framework contract is signed, the documentation of future transactions between parties will be reduced to a brief confirmation of the essential terms of the transaction. The master`s agreement was updated in 2002 (known as ISDA Masteragrement 2002). The updated phase of the 1992 agreement has its roots in the succession of crises that affected global financial markets in the late 1990s.
These events, including the liquidation of Hong Kong broker Peregrine Investments Holdings Holdings and the 1998 Russian financial crisis, tested ISDA documentation to an extent unknown to date. Although the ISDA documentation withstood this test, ISDA decided to put in place a strategic review of its documentation to see what lessons could be learned from these events. This revision resulted in a complete update to the 1992 agreement, which culminated in the 2002 agreement. In addition to the standard master text, there is a calendar that allows parties to add or change standard conditions. The timetable is what the negotiators negotiate.
Author chris@lizard-king.comPosted on 20th December 2020
Previous Previous post: What Does Subject-Verb Agreement Mean
Next Next post: What Is A Trade Waste Agreement
Year 2000 Trade Agreement
Working Agreements In Agile
Wiley Publishing Agreement
Which Of The Following Is Not True Of Forward Rate Agreements (Fra)
What Was The Purpose Of Intercreditor Agreement Signed By Indian Banks And Financial Institutions
longtermtimelapse Proudly powered by WordPress


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}

The indirect detection of primordial gravitational waves, through features imprinted in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization (i.e. \emph{B}-modes), would be taken as an extraordinary experimental support for the inflationary model of the early universe. Although this weak signal has not yet been detected, many projects are already operating or have been proposed to measure the primordial \emph{B}-modes polarization of the CMB; and thanks to some of them, we already have valuable constraints on, for instance, the so-called tensor-to-scalar ratio parameter \cite{SPT19,POLARBEAR14,POLARBEAR15,ACTPol16,Henderson15,BICEP218,BICEP316,Simons18,LSPE20,Abazajian19,Hazumi19,PICO19,SPIDER21,QUBIC20a,QUBIC20b,Planck18b,BICEPKeck22,Campeti22,Belsunce22,Paoletti22}.

The current cosmological model provides us the possibility of being able to reconstruct the evolution of the universe, which includes a quantum description of the early universe, where during an inflationary phase the seeds of cosmic structure are generated, as a result of small quantum fluctuations of the fields in their vacuum state. These predictions have been verified with very high precision in analyses, for example, of the CMB \cite{Planck18b, Planck18c}. According to this scheme, our description of the early universe starts from a phase where both, spacetime and the quantum state of the fields, have symmetries such that they correspond to a perfectly isotropic and homogeneous situation. One might then ask: how is it that we ended up in a situation where small inhomogeneities appeared and the aforementioned symmetries were lost? This question is intimately linked to the so-called ``measurement problem'' in quantum physics, or more frequently referred to as the quantum-to-classical transition, see e.g. \cite{Wigner63,Omnes,Maudlin95,Becker,Norsen,Durr,Albert,okon14,barrett19,Sabine22}. Although we think that quantum theories give a more fundamental description of nature than classical theories, and therefore in reality such a transition would never occur, we want to find a mechanism that allows us to better understand how it is that under certain circumstances the classical description is an excellent approximation for our purposes. Such a mechanism must take into account that measuring devices and observers cannot be fundamental notions, in the search for a theoretical description of the early universe where neither existed \cite{Hartle93}. On the other hand, such a mechanism must also be able to account for how it is that the initial symmetries of the cosmological situation at hand were lost \cite{Bell81,PSS06,Sudarsky11}\footnote{The reader interested in a pedagogical review on this subject, can find it in \cite{Bengochea20}.}.

In \cite{Maudlin95}, the author manages to approach the measurement problem in such a way that the different proposed alternatives fall into three options that are mutually inconsistent. In short: (A) the physical description provided by the quantum state is complete, (B) quantum states always evolve according to the Schr\"odinger equation, and (C) measurements always have definite results. The different ways of approaching the subject have been studied by many authors, for example through the addition of \emph{hidden variables} \cite{bohm,Valentini08b,Neto12,goldstein15,Neto18,Valentini19}, or works based on decoherence and/or ``many-worlds" interpretation of quantum mechanics \cite{kiefer09,halliwell,kiefer2,polarski,Everett,mukhanov2005}. In this work we will choose to address a possible solution to these problems within the framework of \emph{objective collapse theories}, modifications to the Schr\"odinger equation with the aim to alter the evolution of the wave function. In this way, statement (B) is negated, and the collapse of the wave function would occur without any reference to external observers or devices present that should perform some sort of measurements \cite{Pearle76,Ghirardi86,Pearle89,Diosi87,Diosi89,Penrose96}. In particular, we will use a version of the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model \cite{Pearle76,Pearle89}. These models should still be taken as effective approximations and not as fundamental theories, since they are under development, but with great activity in recent years and have shown interesting and encouraging results \cite{Bassi1, Bassi2,Carlesso22,Daniel10,Sudarsky11,Tejedor12,Tejedor12B,Pedro13,Bengochea15,Leon15,Leon16,Leon17,Landau12,Susana13,Benetti16,Bengo17,Pedro18,Benito18,Picci19,Lucila15,Mariani16,Maj17,ModosB,Bouncing16,Josset17,Leon2020,MartinShadow,Bengo20Letter,Martin20R,Bassi21,Martin21,GLGB21}, showing that there is an extensive landscape of possibilities open \cite{Bengo20Long}.

Some proposals that aim to give a description of the early universe, with some modifications to the inflationary paradigm or with particular features, have been analyzed in some depth (e.g. \cite{Molina99,Kanekar2001,Khoury01,Steinh02,Batte04,Bojowald04,Biswas2005,Peter02,Batte15,Lilley15,Branden17,Matsui19,Barrau20,Agullo20,Agullo21,BrandenRev11,Branden18,Branden21}). Among them, one of the alternatives that seeks to escape the singularity theorems \cite{HawkingEllis1973,Wald84,Borde1993,Borde1994a,Borde1994b,Borde1996,Borde1997,Guth99, Borde2003}, and with some renewed motivation as a result of the recent debate about what is the spatial curvature of the universe \cite{Rasanen2014,Ratra17b,Ratra18b,Ratra18c,Ratra18d,Ratra19a,Ratra19b,Handley2019,Efstathiou19,Riess2019,Silk2020,Valentino2020,Efstathiou20,DiValentino2020a,Benisty20,Vagnozzi20A,Vagnozzi20B,Dhawan21}, is the framework of the \emph{emergent universe} \cite{Ellis1}.

Based on General Relativity and dominated by a scalar field minimally coupled to gravity, the emergent universe (EU) of \cite{Ellis1, Ellis2} is one in which, starting from an initially past-eternal Einstein static state (spatially closed and with a finite initial size), the universe goes through a phase of super-inflation and then evolves towards slow-roll inflation to finally give rise to the standard hot-Big Bang. Different variants analyzing its viability and open issues have been studied in recent years, which has allowed to put into play an attractive possibility that deserves further exploration \cite{Ellis3,Gibbons1987,Barrow2003,Mukherjee05,Mukherjee06,Banerjee07,Boehmer07,Parisi2007,Campo1,Debnath08,Banerjee08,Beesham09,Wu2009,Campo2,Paul10,Paul2010,Zhang10,Paul2011,Chatto11,Campo3,Campo4,Labrana2012,Cai2012,Rudra12,Ghose12,Liu13,Aguirre13,Cai2014,Ataz14,Zhang14,Bag14,Huang15,Boehmer15,Labrana15,Kho16,Zhang16,Rios16,Khodadi16,Barrau18,Labrana19,Labrana21}.

An important feature that was highlighted in \cite{Biswas13} is that a phase of super-inflation (i.e. a period where the Hubble parameter increases with time) prior to slow-roll inflation could be related to the suppression of power in the low CMB multipoles. In \cite{CSLEmerg21}, some of us showed that implementing the CSL collapse proposal to the emergent universe scenario introduces extra modifications in the CMB temperature angular spectrum. Specifically, the angular spectrum in the low multipoles sector can exhibit a suppression or an increment, a different feature from what is generically produced in models, as the emergent universe, with a super-inflation phase which only decrease the curve spectrum at large angular scales. Such a scenario gives good predictability to the CSL collapse proposal in the emergent universe model, distinguishing it from preceding works.

The work \cite{CSLEmerg21} was carried out within the framework of semiclassical gravity, where it is well known from previous works \cite{Lucila15,Maj17,ModosB} that tensor perturbations would be practically null, remarkably consistent with current observational constraints \cite{Planck18b,BICEP218,SPIDER21,BICEPKeck22,Campeti22,Belsunce22}. On the other hand, the exploration of studies in the framework of standard quantization (where a joint metric-matter quantization is performed) has also been done in many works, e.g. \cite{Martin12,Das13,Leon16,Mariani16,Bouncing16,MartinShadow,Bengo20Letter,Martin20R,Bassi21,Martin21}. For the reader interested in the different approaches, where the pros and cons of each of them are discussed in detail, we suggest reading the work \cite{Bengo20Long}.

Here we decided to extend our previous analysis of the emergent universe with the inclusion of the CSL model, to explore what would be the prediction for the primordial power spectrum associated to the tensor modes and the tensor-to-scalar ratio, within the framework of the joint quantization of metric and matter. In the present work we also set out to analyze if there are characteristics of the CSL that are manifested or not in the \emph{B}-mode polarization spectrum of the CMB, which can be distinguished from the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model in the observations of future projects.

Our manuscript is divided as follows. We start in section \ref{secdos} presenting the theoretical framework of the emergent universe plus the CSL proposal; we also obtain the predicted tensor power spectrum. Next, in section \ref{sectres} we present and discuss our results; there, we also perform a further exploration of the corresponding parameter space. Finally, in section \ref{conclusions}, we present our conclusions. Regarding conventions and notation, we use a $(-,+,+,+)$ signature for the spacetime metric and units where $c=1=\hbar$ and $M_P^2 \equiv (8\pi G)^{-1}$.

\section{Emergent universe in the CSL framework revisited}
\label{secdos}

\subsection{A brief theoretical background}

In this subsection, we start reviewing the implementation of the CSL model for tensor perturbations into the emergent universe (EU) framework.

We will be working under the same assumptions of \cite{Ellis1,CSLEmerg21}, i.e. the action of General Relativity with a scalar field $\phi$ minimally coupled to gravity and driving the early expansion. A typical scalar potential, as shown in \cite{Ellis2}, is $V(\phi)=(4\pi G)^{-1}(e^{C\phi}-1)^2$. In the reconstruction of such potential, the evolution of the background given by the scalar factor $a(t)\simeq a_0+A\:e^{H_0 t}$ was assumed, with $a_0 >0$ the (initial) radius of the Einstein static universe, $C$ and $A$ positive constants, and $H_0$ is the Hubble parameter at the onset of slow-roll inflation. In \cite{Rios16}, it was shown that the system evolves from an Einstein static state to a (slow-rolling regime) de Sitter type of expansion. That is, the temporal evolution given by Friedmann and Klein-Gordon equations leads the system towards an attractor, where $H$ tends to a constant and $\dot{\phi}^2 \to 0$. The de Sitter type inflation is followed by a re-heating phase and finally the universe enters the standard expansion of the hot Big Bang.

A generic characteristic of the EU scenario is that, before to the slow-roll inflation, there is a phase of super-inflation where the Hubble parameter increases with time, i.e. $\dot{H}>0$. On the other hand, even though the traditional emergent universe is with positive spatial curvature, it is quickly negligible in a few e-foldings and furthermore slow-roll inflation can always be made to end for some negative value of $\phi$ \cite{Ellis2}. Analogously to \cite{Labrana15,CSLEmerg21}, here we will make a first approach to the problem at hand and therefore we will neglect the contributions of the space curvature to the primordial perturbations\footnote{See, for instance, Appendix A of Ref. \cite{Labrana15} for details about this point.}.

Following the standard procedure, we separate the metric and the scalar field into a homogeneous background plus small perturbations, i.e. $g_{\mu \nu} = g_{\mu \nu}^{(0)} + \delta g_{\mu \nu}$ and $\phi= \phi_0 + \delta \phi$. At first order in the tensor metric perturbations, the corresponding line element is
\begin{equation}\label{metricapert}
d s^{2}=a^{2}\left[-d \eta^{2}+\left(\delta_{i j}-h_{i j}\right) d x^{i} d x^{j}\right].
\end{equation}

In these coordinates, the scale factor results,
\begin{equation}\label{aeta}
a(\eta)=\frac{a_{0}}{1-e^{a_{0}H_{0}\eta}}.
\end{equation}
From here on, a prime over variables will denote derivative with respect to conformal time $\eta$.

Since the CSL theory is based on a stochastic non-linear modification of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation, it will be convenient to carry out the quantization in the Schr\"odinger picture. Therefore, we now focus on finding the total Hamiltonian of the system. As it is known, tensor perturbations represent gravitational waves, and they are characterized by a symmetric, transverse and traceless tensor field. These properties lead to the existence of only two degrees of freedom, i.e. two polarizations. But, as each polarization term is independent, and as each polarization leads to the same result, we will work with only one polarization. Then, we will just multiply by a factor of two the spectrum associated to an individual case, at the end of our calculations, to obtain the final result.

The action for tensor perturbations can be obtained by expanding the Einstein action up to the second order in transverse, traceless metric perturbations $h_{ij}(\mathbf{x},\eta)$   \cite{muk92,mukhanov2005}. Then, writing these perturbations in Fourier modes, $h_{ij}(\mathbf{k},\eta)=e_{ij}(\mathbf{k}) h_{\mathbf{k}}(\eta)$, where $e_{ij}(\mathbf{k})$ is a time-independent polarization tensor (which is  symmetric, traceless and transverse to $\textbf{k}$), and if we also perform the change of variable
\begin{equation}\label{MStensor}
h_{\mathbf{k}}(\eta)\equiv\frac{2}{M_{p}\left(e_{j}^i  e_{i}^j\right)^{1 / 2}} \frac{ v_{\mathbf{k}}(\eta)}{a(\eta)},
\end{equation}
the action up to the second order for these perturbations can be written as $S_{v}^{(2)}=\frac{1}{2} \int d \eta d^{3} \mathrm{k} \mathcal{L}_{v}$, where
\begin{equation}\label{lagrangiano}
\mathcal{L}_{v}= \left[v_{\mathbf{k}}^{\prime} v_{-\mathbf{k}}^{\prime}-\left(k^{2}-\frac{a^{\prime \prime}}{a}\right) v_{\mathbf{k}} v_{-\mathbf{k}}\right]
\end{equation}
Notice that, since $v(\mathbf{x},\eta)$ describes a real scalar field, we have that $v_{\mathbf{k}}^{*}=v_{\mathbf{-k}}$. On the other hand, the momentum canonical to $v_{\mathbf{k}}$ is $p_{\mathbf{k}}=\frac{\partial{\mathcal{L}_{v}}}{\partial{v_{\mathbf{k}}^{*'}}}$.

Therefore, the total Hamiltonian in Fourier space results
\begin{equation}
H=\int_{\mathbb{R}^{3+}} d^{3} k \quad\left[p_{\mathbf{k}}^{*} p_{\mathbf{k}}+v_{\mathbf{k}}^{*} v_{\mathbf{k}}\left(k^{2}-\frac{a^{\prime \prime}}{a}\right)\right]
\end{equation}

To work with real variables, it will be convenient to separate the canonical variables into their real and imaginary parts as:
\begin{equation}\label{descomposicion}
v_{\mathbf{k}} \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(v_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}}+i v_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{I}}\right), \quad p_{\mathbf{k}} \equiv \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(p_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}}+i p_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{I}}\right)
\end{equation}

We now promote the fields $v_{\mathbf{k}}$ and $p_{\mathbf{k}}$ to quantum operators, satisfying the following equal time commutator relation
\begin{equation}\label{conmutacion}
\left[\hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{s}, \hat{p}_{\mathbf{k}^{\prime}}^{s'}\right]=i \delta\left(\mathbf{k}-\mathbf{k}^{\prime}\right)\delta_{ss'}
\end{equation}
where $s=R,I$ and $\delta_{ss'}$ is Kronecker's delta. Using \eqref{descomposicion} and \eqref{conmutacion}, the Hamiltonian results to be $\hat{H}=\int_{\mathbb{R}^{3+}}d^{3}k (\hat{H}_{\mathbf{k}}^{R}+\hat{H}_{\mathbf{k}}^{I})$, with
\begin{equation}\label{hamiltoniano}
    \hat{H}_{\mathbf{k}}^{R,I}=\frac{(\hat{p}_{\mathbf{k}}^{R,I})^{2}}{2}+\frac{(\hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{R,I})^{2}}{2}\left(k^{2}-\frac{a^{\prime \prime}}{a}\right)
\end{equation}

In order to apply the CSL model into the EU scenario, we will follow the approach presented in \cite{Pedro13,Leon16} for the inflationary case. The evolution of the state vector  characterizing each mode of the quantum field, as given by the CSL model, is:
\begin{equation}\label{cslevolution}
\begin{aligned}
\left|\Phi_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{I}}, \eta\right\rangle &=\hat{T} \exp \left\{-\int_{\tau}^{\eta} d \eta^{\prime}\left[i \hat{H}_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{I}}\right.\right.\\
&\left.\left.+\frac{1}{4\lambda_{k}}\left(\mathcal{W}_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{I}}(\eta)-2 \lambda_{k} \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{I}}\right)^{2}\right]\right\}\left|\Phi_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}, \mathrm{I}}, \tau\right\rangle
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
where $\hat T$ is the time-ordering operator, and $\tau$ denotes the conformal time at the beginning of the EU regime. This modification of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation allows it to be possible to attain a \emph{collapse} in the relevant operators corresponding to the Fourier components of the field. We will assume linearity in the collapse generating operator, so that the reduction mechanism will act on each mode of the field independently, i.e. there will be no mode mixing because of the CSL process. The stochastic field $\mathcal{W}_\textbf{k}(\eta)$ depends on the conformal time and $\textbf{k}$ (since that we are applying the CSL collapse dynamics to each mode of the field), so it might be regarded as a Fourier transform on a stochastic spacetime field $\mathcal{W}(\textbf{x},\eta)$. The probability for the stochastic field  is given by the second main CSL equation: the Probability Rule, i.e.
\begin{equation}\label{cslprobabF}
	P(\mathcal{W}_{\textbf{k}}^{\text{R,I}}) d\mathcal{W}_{\textbf{k}}^{\text{R,I}} =   \langle \Phi_{\textbf{k}}^{\text{R,I}} , \eta | \Phi_{\textbf{k}}^{\text{R,I}}, \eta \rangle \prod_{\eta'=\tau}^{\eta-d\eta} \frac{ d \mathcal{W}_{\textbf{k}}(\eta')^{\text{R,I}}}{\sqrt{2 \pi \lambda_k/d\eta}}.
\end{equation}

From the CSL evolution given by Eq. \eqref{cslevolution}, it can be seen that we have chosen the field variable $\hat{v}_\textbf{k}^\text{R,I}$ as the collapse generating operator. Operationally, this means that the CSL process will drive the initial state vector towards an eigenstate of $\hat{v}_\textbf{k}^\text{R,I}$, with a certain collapse rate given by the CSL parameter $\lambda_{k}$.  As usual in the framework of a joint metric-matter quantization of the perturbations, we will adopt the point of view that the classical characterization of $h_{\mathbf{k}}$ is an adequate description if the quantum state is sharply peaked around some particular value. As a consequence, the classical value corresponds to the expectation value of $\hat{h}_{\mathbf{k}}$ \cite{Tejedor12B}. More precisely, the CSL collapse mechanism will lead to a final state $|\Psi \rangle$ such that the relation
\begin{equation}\label{igualdadchingonah}
h_{\mathbf{k}} =  \langle \Psi| \hat{h}_{\mathbf{k}} |  \Psi \rangle
\end{equation}
is valid.  It is evident that a quantization of $v_{\textbf{k}}$ from the action built with Eq. \eqref{lagrangiano} yields a quantization of $\hat h_{\textbf{k}}$. In other words, equations \eqref{MStensor} and \eqref{igualdadchingonah} imply that:
\begin{equation}\label{relacion hk vk}
h_{\mathbf{k}}(\eta)=\frac{2}{M_{P}\left(e_{j}^i  e_{i}^j\right)^{1 / 2}} \frac{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}(\eta)\rangle}{a(\eta)}
\end{equation}
Thus, Eq. \eqref{relacion hk vk} relates the quantum field variable $\hat v_{\textbf{k}}$ to the amplitude of the classical tensor mode $h_{\textbf{k}}$. In particular, Eq. \eqref{relacion hk vk}  serves as a justification for choosing $\hat v_\textbf{k}$ as the collapse operator. Let us note here that when the quantum state is the vacuum, we have that $\langle 0|\hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}} |0\rangle=0$ and then the tensor perturbation is $h_{\mathbf{k}}=0$ (the same occurs to the primordial curvature perturbation, namely to the scalar perturbations of the metric). It is only after the state has evolved, according to the CSL mechanism, that generically $\langle  \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}} \rangle \neq 0$ and the tensor perturbation is generated (as well as the scalar curvature perturbation).  The quantum expectation value $\langle \hat v_{\textbf{k}} \rangle$ acts as a source for the tensor perturbation. This illustrates how the self-induced collapse provided by the CSL model can generate the primordial perturbations and achieve the quantum-to-classical transition.

We denote by $\Phi[v,\eta]$ the wave functional characterizing the quantum state of the field. In Fourier space, the wave functional can be factorized into mode components $\Phi[v_{\mathbf{k}},\eta]=\prod_{\mathbf{k}} \Phi_{\mathbf{k}}^R[v_{\mathbf{k}}^{R},\eta] \times \Phi_{\mathbf{k}}^I[v_{\mathbf{k}}^{I},\eta]$.

Since the ground state of the Hamiltonian \eqref{hamiltoniano} is a Gaussian, and because the Hamiltonian and the CSL evolution equation are quadratic in both $\hat{v}_{\textbf{k}}^{\textrm{R,I}}$ and $\hat{p}_{\textbf{k}}^{\textrm{R,I}}$, the wave functional at any time can be written in the form:
\begin{equation}\label{funcional}
\Phi^\text{R,I} [v_{\textbf{k}}^\text{R,I},\eta] =
	\exp[-A_k(\eta) (v_{\textbf{k}}^\text{R,I} )^2 + B_k^\text{R,I}(\eta) v_{\textbf{k}}^\text{R,I} + C_k^\text{R,I} (\eta) ]
\end{equation}
with initial conditions given by
\begin{equation}\label{condiciones iniciales}
A_k(\tau) = \frac{k}{2}, \qquad B_k^\text{R,I}(\tau)=0, \qquad C_k^\text{R,I} (\tau)=0,
\end{equation}
corresponding to choose as the initial state of the field the standard Bunch-Davies (BD) vacuum.

\subsection{Primordial tensor power spectrum}

In this subsection, we will focus on deriving a prediction for the primordial spectrum of the tensor perturbations. Notice that, since the equations have the same mathematical structure, we will closely follow the steps shown in \cite{CSLEmerg21} for the scalar spectrum case.

The tensor power spectrum associated to $h_{ij}(\mathbf{k},\eta)$ is defined as
\begin{equation}\label{defps}
\overline{h_{j}^{i}(\mathbf{k}) h_{i}^{j *}(\mathbf{k'})}\equiv\frac{2 \pi^{2}}{k^3} P_{t}(k) \delta(\mathbf{k}-\mathbf{k}^{\prime})
\end{equation}
where $P_{t}(k)$ is the dimensionless power spectrum and the bar appearing in the last equation denotes an ensemble average over possible realizations of the stochastic field $h_{ij}(\mathbf{k},\eta)$. In the CSL model, each realization will be associated to a particular realization of the stochastic process characterizing the collapse.

By using Eq. \eqref{relacion hk vk} we arrive at
\begin{equation}\label{aux1}
\overline{h_{j}^{i}(\mathbf{k}) h_{i}^{j *}(\mathbf{k'})}= \frac {4}{M_{P}^{2} a^{2}} E(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{k'}) \overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}\rangle \langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k'}}\rangle ^{*}}
\end{equation}
where $E(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{k'})$ is a scalar factor dependent on the polarization tensor, defined by
\begin{equation}
    E(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{k'})=\frac{e^{i}_{j}(\mathbf{k})e^{j}_{i}(\mathbf{k'})^{*}}{\left(e^{m}_{n}(\mathbf{k})e^{n}_{m}(\mathbf{k})\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} \left[\left(e^{r}_{s}(\mathbf{k'})e^{s}_{r}(\mathbf{k'})\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}\right]^{*}}
\end{equation}
that satisfies $E(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{k})=1$.

From definition \eqref{defps} and Eq. \eqref{aux1}, we can identify an equivalent tensor power spectrum as:
\begin{equation}\label{aux2}
P_{t}(k) \delta(\mathbf{k}-\mathbf{k}^{\prime})=\frac{2 k^{3}}{\pi^{2} M_{P}^{2} a^{2}} E(\mathbf{k},\mathbf{k'}) \overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}\rangle \langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k'}}\rangle ^{*}}
\end{equation}

In terms of the real and imaginary parts of $\hat v_\textbf{k}$, the ensemble average in \eqref{aux2} is
\begin{equation}\label{aux3}
\overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}\rangle \langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k'}}\rangle ^{*}}= \frac{1}{2}(\overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{R}}\rangle ^{2}} + \overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{\mathrm{I}}\rangle ^{2}} ) \delta(\mathbf{k}-\mathbf{k}^{\prime})
\end{equation}

Since $\overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{R}\rangle^{2}}=\overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{I}\rangle^{2}}$, we will omit the indexes R,I from now on. On the other hand, using the main equations of the CSL model, Eqs. \eqref{cslevolution} and \eqref{cslprobabF}, one obtains:
\begin{equation}\label{aux4}
    \overline{\langle\hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}\rangle^{2}}=\overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{2}\rangle}-\frac{1}{4 \operatorname{Re}(A_{k})}
\end{equation}

Then, substituting Eqs. \eqref{aux3} and \eqref{aux4} into Eq. \eqref{aux2}, we find that the power spectrum can be expressed as:
\begin{equation}\label{masterPS2}
P_{t}(k)=\frac{2k^{3}}{\pi^{2} M_{P}^{2} a^{2}}\left(\overline{\langle \hat{v}_{\mathbf{k}}^{2}\rangle}-\frac{1}{4 \operatorname{Re}(A_{k})} \right)
\end{equation}

The final steps of the calculation consist of explicitly calculating the two terms on the right of the Eq. \eqref{aux4}. Since this calculation is similar to the one performed in \cite{CSLEmerg21}, we refer the reader to Appendix \ref{appA} where we have reproduced the details particularized for the present case. The final result for the tensor power spectrum turns out to be:
\begin{equation}\label{psMain}
    P_{t}(k)= A_t \chi^2 \left|F(\chi)\right|^2 C(k),
\end{equation}
where $\chi \equiv k/a_0 H_0$, and we have defined the amplitude of the tensor power spectrum as
\begin{equation}\label{At}
A_t\equiv\frac{2 H_{0}^{2}}{\pi^{2} M_{P}^{2}}.
\end{equation}
The functions $F(\chi)$ and $C(k)$ are defined in Appendix \ref{appA}.

\section{Results: impact on the $B$-modes angular spectrum}
\label{sectres}

In this section, we shall proceed to examine possible observational features in the \emph{B}-modes of the CMB polarization spectrum as a consequence of implementing the CSL model in the EU scenario.

First, notice that the mathematical structure of the tensor power spectrum $P_t(k)$ of Eq. \eqref{psMain} is similar (except for the amplitude) to the scalar spectrum $P_s(k)$ shown in Eq. (36) of \cite{CSLEmerg21}. Therefore, we will proceed to do the analysis in a similar  manner; and in particular, under the same assumptions discussed in the aforementioned work. In this way, the primordial tensor power spectrum can be expressed as:
\begin{equation}\label{PPSexacta}
P_t (k) = A_t   \chi^2 |F(\chi)|^2 C(k)  \left( \frac{k}{k_P} \right)^{n_t}
\end{equation}
where $k_P$ is a pivot scale, which is traditionally set as $k_P = 0.05$ Mpc$^{-1}$, and $n_t$ is the tensor spectral index. As discussed in depth in \cite{CSLEmerg21}, numerical calculations set a restriction for implementing that exact equation. However, for the whole $k$ range of observational interest, one can use the approximate expression given by:
\begin{equation}\label{TPS}
	\mathcal{P}_{t}(k)  \simeq A_t \frac{\chi^2}{(1+\chi)^2 }  \frac{\lambda_k |\tau|}{k}\left( \frac{k}{k_P} \right)^{n_t}.
\end{equation}

A well known result is that, using the action for the perturbations $h_{ij}$ and the action of the scalar field $v$ (corresponding to the Mukhanov-Sasaki field variable), together with the definitions of the tensor and scalar (curvature) power spectra, leads to $r=16 \epsilon$, with $\epsilon$ the first slow-roll parameter of inflation. As a consistency check, we can see that from the amplitude of the scalar spectrum found in \cite{CSLEmerg21} (i.e. $A_s=H_0^2/8\pi^2 \epsilon M_P^2$, together with the amplitude of the tensor power spectrum found in this work, $A_t=2H_0^2/\pi^2 M_P^2)$, yields $r\equiv A_t/A_s=16\epsilon$ accordingly.

Second, we will also assume the same parameterization for the collapse rate $\lambda_k$ as in \cite{CSLEmerg21} (see that Ref. for the motivation of such a choice), i.e
\begin{equation}
	\label{eq:param_lambdak}
	\lambda_k = \lambda_0 \, ( k + B)
\end{equation}
where $\lambda_0 = 1.029$ Mpc$^{-1}$, this numerical value is motivated by the fact that such a value is within the range allowed by current laboratory experiments \cite{sandro2017}. On the other hand, we fix $a_0H_0 = 2 \times 10^{-4}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and the parameter $B\geq 0$ will take values between $10^{-3}$ and $10^{-4}$ Mpc$^{-1}$, which represent the preferred values obtained from the analysis in \cite{CSLEmerg21}. In particular, those values yield theoretical curves of the scalar power spectrum $P_s(k)$ and the CMB temperature angular power spectrum that seem to be consistent with the latest data from \textit{Planck} collaboration \cite{Planck18a} (see Figs. 1 and 2 of \cite{CSLEmerg21}). Given that in the present section we are seeking to perform the complementary analysis using the tensor modes, the choice of these values for the parameters ensures that what was found for the scalar case remains valid and consistent. We remind the reader that $B=0$ corresponds to ``turning off'' the effects of the collapse mechanism. In that case, the tensor power spectrum obtained would correspond to the one from the original EU model presented in \cite{Labrana15}, which we will name the \textit{original emergent universe} model (OEU). In this way, $B$ quantifies small deviations from the OEU reflecting the inclusion of the CSL model. Moreover, we will include in each Figure a plot called {\em canonical model}, which is used as a second reference. As its name suggests, the canonical model corresponds to the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model, with the cosmological parameters determined by latest data from \textit{Planck} collaboration \cite{Planck18c}. These data leads to the following set of parameters at the $68\%$ confidence level: $\Omega_bh^2 = 0.02236$, $\Omega_{c}h^2 = 0.1202$, $H_{\rm today} = 67.27 \,{\rm km \, s^{-1} \, Mpc^{-1}}$, $A_s = 2.101 \,\times\, 10^{-9}$ and $\tau_d = 0.0544$ (called the optical depth parameter). For the tensor power spectrum, we have $A_t=r A_s$, with the tensor-to-scalar ratio parameter $r = 0.036$ at 95\% confidence \cite{BICEPKeck22}. The latter implies that, by the consistency relation $n_t = -r/8$, we can use $n_t = -0.0045$.

As was mentioned in the Introduction, an important feature of the emergent universe is that a phase of super-inflation prior to slow-roll inflation could be related to the suppression of power in the low CMB multipoles. In \cite{CSLEmerg21}, some of us showed that implementing the CSL collapse proposal to the emergent universe scenario (through the parameter $B$) introduces extra modifications in the CMB temperature angular spectrum. Specifically, the angular spectrum in the low multipoles sector ($l < 50$) can exhibit a suppression or an increment, a different feature from what is generically produced in the emergent universe, which only decreases the curve spectrum at large angular scales.

Our next step is to analyze if there are characteristics of the CSL mechanism that are manifested or not in the \emph{B}-modes angular spectrum of the CMB, which can be distinguished from the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model in the observations of future projects. To accomplish this, we perform the corresponding modifications in
the Code for Anisotropies in the Microwave Background (CAMB) software \cite{Lewis:1999bs}.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig1.eps}
	\caption{Predicted \emph{B}-mode spectra for different values of the collapse parameter $B$ of the CSL model implemented in the emergent universe scenario. The \emph{canonical} $\Lambda$CDM model and the \emph{original emergent universe} (OEU) are also shown.}
	\label{fig_1}
\end{figure}

Figure \ref{fig_1} depicts the resulting \emph{B}-modes CMB polarization power spectrum, for different values of the collapse parameter $B$. There, it can be seen that by varying $B$ there is an excess or suppression of the angular spectrum for low multipoles $l < 10$, which is precisely the region of the $C_l^{BB}$ spectrum where primordial gravitational waves contribute the most. In the case of the $C_l^{TT}$ spectrum, exactly the same behavior occurred (Fig. 2 of \cite{CSLEmerg21}), but the fact that the curve was above or below the \emph{canonical model} did not allow one to rule out any of these possibilities. At most, from the known fact of 'anomalies' at low multipoles \cite{copi5, Perivola21}, one could say that the set of parameter values of the model that suppress such low multipoles have some observational advantage. However, if we now also take into account the $C_l^{BB}$ plot, we see that from a certain value  $B_{max} \simeq 4 \times 10^{-4}$,  the emergent universe + CSL curve passes above the canonical one. That is, \emph{values higher than $B_{max}$ would already be ruled out because they exceed the canonical spectrum}. Let us recall that the canonical $C_l^{BB}$ spectrum was constructed using the maximum observationally allowed constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. Thus, with the current constraints on the primordial \emph{B}-modes, we can jointly use the $C_l^{TT}$ and $C_l^{BB}$ spectra to further constrain the $B$ parameter of the CSL collapse model.

\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{Fig2.eps}
\caption{Predicted \emph{B}-mode spectra, when the CSL effect is turned off (i. e. $B=0$) for different values of the emergent model parameter $a_0H_0$. The \emph{canonical} $\Lambda$CDM model is also displayed.}
\label{fig_2}
\end{figure}

Another interesting case to analyze is what would happen if there was a confirmed detection of primordial \emph{B}-modes and  the standard theoretical $C_l^{BB}$ curve, i.e. the one obtained from the canonical model, fits the data to a high degree of precision. To analyze this case, we will turn off the collapse effect by making $B=0$ (also we can always choose $|\tau| = 1/\lambda_0$), so that the collapse effect is practically eliminated from the emergent universe model case.

In Fig. \ref{fig_2}, we see that the value $a_0 H_0 = 2 \times 10^{-4}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ (typically assumed for the analyses) would be ruled out under the mentioned hypothesis. However, it is possible to decrease the value of $a_0 H_0$ in such a way that the $C_l^{BB}$ curve of the OEU model fully approaches the canonical one. If this happens, the OEU prediction for the $C_l^{BB}$ would be indistinguishable from the canonical one and consistent with the data. The remarkable aspect about this effect is that, decreasing the value of $a_0 H_0$, also causes the 'tail' of the low multipoles corresponding to the temperature spectrum (i.e. the $C_l^{TT}$) to increase, approaching the canonical one. In other words, \emph{a confirmed detection of primordial B-modes that matches accurately the canonical $C_l^{BB}$ curve, would rule out a main feature of the OEU model, namely that it can solve the problem associated with a lack of power at large angular scales observed in the $C_l^{TT}$ spectrum}.

On the contrary, if a confirmed detection of the primordial \emph{B}-modes shows a suppression of low multipoles with respect to the canonical $C_l^{BB}$ curve, as it apparently does for the $C_l^{TT}$ one, then we find that the OEU model could be preferred by the data over the canonical one, precisely because it has the characteristic that it suppresses the low multipoles simultaneously in both spectra. Finally, notice that 'turning on' the parameter $B$ of the CSL model, would not have any effect that substantially changes the previous analysis. That is, if $B>0$, then it would not be possible to suppress the low multipoles in the $C_l^{TT}$ spectrum and, at the same time, not affect the $C_l^{BB}$ in the same way.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{conclusions}

In this work, we have studied the primordial tensor power spectrum in the emergent universe scenario, incorporating a particular version of the CSL model as a mechanism capable of generating and explaining the quantum-to-classical transition of the primordial perturbations; that is, to achieve a regime in which quantum quantities can be described to a sufficient accuracy by their classical counterparts.

The search and detection of the CMB \emph{B}-modes is an active field currently involving many collaborations. We have shown that non-trivial features might be detectable in the \emph{B}-modes CMB polarization power spectrum within the emergent universe scenario, either with or without the additional effects of the CSL model considered here.

By varying the collapse parameter $B$, there is an excess or suppression of the angular spectrum for low multipoles $l < 10$, which is precisely the region of the $C_l^{BB}$ spectrum where primordial gravitational waves contribute the most. This result is similar to the case of the $C_l^{TT}$ spectrum analysed in \cite{CSLEmerg21}. However, in the tensor case, we see that above a certain value given by $B_{max} \simeq 4 \times 10^{-4}$, the curve corresponding to the emergent universe with the addition of the CSL model, passes above the canonical one. That is, \emph{values higher than $B_{max}$ would already be ruled out by present data, because they produce curves that exceed the canonical tensor spectrum, which was constructed using the current maximum constraints allowed for the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$}. This result confirms that, using the spectra $C_l^{TT}$ and $C_l^{BB}$ together enables to establish further observational constraints on the parameter $B$ of this version of the CSL collapse model.

Another main result is that, regardless of the CSL mechanism, a confirmed detection of primordial \emph{B}-modes that fits to a high degree of precision the shape of the spectrum predicted from the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model, would rule out one of the distinguishing features of the emergent universe. Namely, producing a best fit to the data consistent with the observed suppression in the low multipoles of the angular power spectrum of the temperature anisotropy of the CMB. Although the emergent universe model would not be ruled out, the values allowed for $a_0H_0$ would not be those that grants the advantage to the emergent universe over the $\Lambda$CDM model; specifically, to achieve a better fit in the low multipole region of the $C_l^{TT}$ spectrum. In fact, in that case, the $\Lambda$CDM and the emergent universe predicted  spectra  (i.e. the $C_l^{TT}$ and $C_l^{BB}$ theoretical curves) would be indistinguishable. On the contrary, only for a confirmed detection of the primordial \emph{B}-modes that shows a suppression of low multipoles with respect to the canonical $C_l^{BB}$ spectrum, the emergent universe model could be favored by the data.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Considered one of the most widespread electrical wiring questions is on how to wire a switch. When using switches in your house is fairly simple, wiring just one may well not be that easy for everyone. An ON-OFF switch is actually quite simple to wire. You will discover different types of switches, but for this instance, let's say you are putting in a single-pole toggle switch, an exceptionally prevalent swap (as well as the simplest).
There are three hues of wires within a common single-pole toggle switch: black, white, and environmentally friendly. Splice the black wire in two and connect them to the terminal screws - one particular on top as well as the other within the bottom screw on the swap. The white wire serves for a resource of uninterrupted ability and it is commonly related to your mild coloured terminal screw (e.g., silver). Join the green wire towards the ground screw of one's swap.
These steps would usually be adequate for making a typical swap do the job and not using a issue. On the other hand, should you are not self-confident that you just can carry out the job properly and safely you far better permit the pros get it done rather. After all, there is a motive why this job is probably the commonest electrical wiring queries asked by many people.
For many motive, how to wire a ceiling fan can also be amongst by far the most typical electrical wiring inquiries. To simplify this task, you need to use an individual change for your single ceiling fan. To wire the lover, it is really only a make any difference of connecting the black wire of the ceiling fan on the black wire from the change. When there is a lightweight, the blue wire ought to be linked to the black wire on the change in addition.
There are actually explanations why these are generally probably the most usually requested electrical wiring queries. One, a lot of feel it's very simple to carry out, and two, they are the popular electrical tasks in your house. But you then must not place your protection in danger inside your intention to economize. The stakes could even be a great deal better for those who seek to save money and do an electrical wiring task with no ample information or encounter.


If you just got back from vacation, or you haven't been making the healthiest food choices lately and you're feeling a little weighed down, there's a natural remedy that can help. A colon cleanse can be used to flush toxins from the body and restore the digestive system after a weekend or a few days of overindulging, and this one only contains two ingredients, both of which you may already have in your home!
Raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar has a long list of uses, especially for those who prefer to use natural remedies. Not all apple cider vinegar is created equal, so make sure you buy the organic, raw, unfiltered kind. The nutritional benefits haven't been filtered out, so the unfiltered particles will provide your body with the most benefits. Apple cider vinegar contains a bacteria known as acetobacter. This is a "friendly" bacteria that breaks down food in the gut.
The antibiotic properties of apple cider vinegar can help improve the acid content in the stomach, reducing heartburn and acid reflux. There are several antioxidants in apple cider vinegar that work to keep the body healthy, including catechin, gallic acid, caffeic and chlorogenic acids. The acetic acid in apple cider vinegar can even increase the body's absorption of important minerals from the food you eat to ensure that you're getting the most out of your leafy greens!
Organic, raw, unprocessed honey provides many excellent health benefits, partly in thanks to a phenolic compound it contains, known as eugenol. Eugenol has been shown to have anti-tumor properties. The active compounds in raw honey are believed to help kill cancer cells in the body, making it a great addition to a colon cleanse. Unfiltered honey also provides the body with probiotics, which help to restore healthy bacteria to the digestive system. These friendly bacteria help the body digest food and absorb nutrients.
Constipation – This could result from a bad diet, stress or chemicals and other toxic substances that cause the colon to try and protect itself by producing more mucus, which eventually builds up on the bowel walls.
Aches – Headaches, backaches and sciatic pain may be the result of an impacted colon.
Fatigue – Toxic residue in your colon can circulate through the blood to all parts of the body, causing fatigue.
Odor – Bad breath, body odor and gas can occur when the colon releases toxic gas into the body.
Acne – A clogged colon can cause toxins to overwhelm the pores and cause acne.


text:
If your email program has difficulty viewing this page, see www.dailyalert.org.
RSS-XML
To contact the Presidents Conference:
Former Chief of Staff: Iran Funding Fatah - Neta Sela (Ynet News)
Former IDF Chief of Staff Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Moshe Yaalon, speaking to the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations in Jerusalem, accused Iran of funding Mahmoud Abbas' Fatah faction as well as Hizbullah and Hamas.
U.S. Military: Iraqi Lawmaker Is U.S. Embassy Bomber - Michael Ware (CNN)
Jamal Jafaar Mohammed, who was sentenced to death in Kuwait for the 1983 bombings of the U.S. and French embassies, now sits in Iraq's parliament as a member of Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki's ruling coalition, according to U.S. military intelligence.
Washington says he supports Shiite insurgents and acts as an Iranian agent, assisting Iranian special forces in Iraq as "a conduit for weapons and political influence."
A Kuwaiti court sentenced Mohammed to death in 1984 for the bombings. Five people died in the attacks and 86 were wounded. He had fled the country before the trial.
Western intelligence agencies also accuse Mohammed of involvement in the hijacking of a Kuwaiti airliner in 1984 and the attempted assassination of a Kuwaiti prince.
Detained Saudis Described as Democracy Activists - Faiza Saleh Ambah (Washington Post)
Saudi police have arrested ten men and accused them of collecting donations to fund terrorist acts outside the kingdom, the Interior Ministry said.
But Matrouk al-Faleh, a lawyer and prominent dissident who was jailed in 2004 for calling for more democracy in the kingdom, said that at least seven of the men were Saudi democracy activists whose arrest was a government attempt to abort their civic rights work.
"The terrorist allegation is a cover-up," Faleh said. "It was used against me as well when I was arrested."
Top Secret Army Cell Breaks Terrorists - Sean Rayment (Sunday Telegraph-UK)
Deep inside the heart of the "Green Zone," the heavily fortified administrative compound in Baghdad, is a cell from a small British Army unit known as the Joint Support Group (JSG) that has proved to be one of the Coalition's most effective and deadly weapons in the fight against terror.
Its members are trained to turn hardened terrorists into coalition spies using methods developed in Ulster, when the Army managed to infiltrate the IRA at almost every level.
Since 2003, they have been responsible for running dozens of Iraqi double agents and have supplied intelligence that has saved hundreds of lives.
Israel Campus Beat
Israel HighWay
Israeli Official: Foreign Sources Arming Hizbullah, Hamas at Alarming Rate - James Rosen
Hizbullah is presently receiving a "constant stream of armaments" from Syria, Iran and other foreign sources, senior Israeli officials said Tuesday. "They are getting all kinds of rockets, advanced anti-tank missiles, command-and-control systems, training, finance," an Israeli official said. The official said Hizbullah maintains an "operational" presence along the Lebanese-Israeli border. Enabling Hizbullah's rearmament is the "open border" Lebanon shares with Syria, and the lack of "real teeth for enforcement" in UN Security Council Resolution 1718, which established a ceasefire in the Israeli-Hizbullah war last August.
At the same time, and in a similar way, foreign sources are providing Hamas with anti-tank missiles, high-trajectory rockets, rocket-propelled grenades and their launchers, explosive devices and automatic rifles. The armament of the Hamas commanders is "intensive" and "incessant," and intended for use against both their Fatah rivals and the Israelis. The official said the IDF has had "no operational activity whatsoever" in Gaza for the last three months, but that in the same time Hamas has launched more than 100 Kassam rockets at Israeli civilian targets.
The official was skeptical about Western plans to shore up the Fatah security forces loyal to Mahmoud Abbas. "Every meeting we have on this subject always ends in the conclusion, 'Bolster Abbas,' as if that will solve all the problems. He was in power two years ago [before Hamas came to power], wasn't he? What did he do then?" The official said the Israelis provided Abbas with weapons and some have wound up in the hands of Hamas. (FOX News)
U.S. Moving Ahead with Plans to Train Palestinian Security Forces - Dion Nissenbaum and Warren P. Strobel
The U.S. is planning to spend millions of dollars to train Palestinian security forces as part of a renewed effort to strengthen Mahmoud Abbas. American, Palestinian and Israeli officials said Monday they're fine-tuning a proposal that would send thousands of Palestinian forces loyal to Abbas to Jordan and Egypt for advanced training. Last week, the State Department told Congress how it intends to distribute $86 million in security assistance for the Palestinians: $35.5 million to equip 8,500 members of the National Security Force; $15.5 million to train 670 personnel to handle civil disturbances; $26 million to shore up Abbas' presidential guard; and $10 million to improve security at the Karni crossing between Israel and Gaza.
The current proposal would send four groups of 1,400 Palestinian security members for two months of training in Jordan and Egypt. In Jordan, the troops are expected to go to a state-of-the-art training center near Amman that's used to train thousands of Iraqi police in counterterrorism. Other troops would be sent to Egypt to learn how to handle urban warfare. Palestinian military leaders want Israel to return large caches of weapons that it confiscated from the PA during the second Palestinian intifada. But the Israeli government has long argued that the West Bank and Gaza are saturated with weapons. (McClatchy)
Palestinians Fire Four Rockets at Israel - Mijal Grinberg
Palestinians in Gaza on Tuesday fired four Kassam rockets at Israel. One rocket caused damage to a health clinic and adjoining houses at a western Negev kibbutz. Two other rockets landed near the city of Ashkelon. (Ha'aretz)
See also New York City Council Members Duck Rocket Fire in Israel - Matthew Chayes
A delegation of New York City Council members experienced a rocket attack Tuesday on a trip to an Israeli town near Gaza. As local officials were explaining how often Sderot comes under Palestinian Arab fire, an alarm went off, warning of an imminent rocket attack. The 11-member City Council delegation, led by Speaker Christine Quinn, hurried to an underground room from the office of Mayor Eli Moyal. Quinn said the experience has renewed her support for Israel. "Israel is under attack, and they have every right, in my opinion, to protect themselves, just as we would if our neighbors on any of our borders were attacking us," she said. (New York Sun)
Israel Dismisses Egypt Spy Case as "Fabrication"
Israel's public security minister Avi Dichter said during a visit to Ottawa on Tuesday that there was no basis for Egypt's decision to charge a dual Egyptian-Canadian citizen with spying for Israel. "I talked with people in Israel who probably may know about this issue. I would summarize it in one word - nonsense....It's a fabrication," he said. Egypt has also charged three Israelis in absentia with spying. (Reuters/Ha'aretz)
See also Blaming Israel Helps Egypt Cloak Internal Problems - Yaakov Ben-Zvi
Spy scandals are a major tool used by Egyptian security to redirect public attention away from internal conflicts such as the struggle with the Muslim Brotherhood and to promote their own image as an institution working to protect its country's security. However, opposition newspapers highlighted the story as further proof of the error Cairo made in making and maintaining peace with Israel. (Jerusalem Post)
The Palestinians at Mecca - Danny Rubinstein
The Fatah-Hamas talks in Mecca reflect one of the lowest points in the history of the Palestinian national movement. The Palestinians, who claim to be a coherent national entity, are admitting they are incapable of managing their own affairs and are compelled to seek outside intervention. When the PLO was founded over 40 years ago, a main slogan was "independent decision-making," meaning that the Palestinians would make all decisions affecting themselves independently, regardless of the interests of other states. Recently, however, the increased involvement by Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and now Saudi Arabia shows that the Palestinians have lost their "independent decision-making."
Even the best Fatah-Hamas agreement will not turn Palestinian society into a Western democracy overnight. A traditional social structure, clan loyalties and political factionalism all create a need for an authoritarian leader, like those of the PA's Arab neighbors. Without a leader like Arafat, society collapses into the rule of violent gangs. (Ha'aretz)
Why Iran Must Make the Next Move - Richard Dalton
It has not yet sunk into Iran that their situation at home and abroad is not as strong as they maintain it is for domestic consumption. The Europeans can help here by being firm. Still it is a fact that Iran needs an accommodation with the U.S. because there are things only the U.S. can unlock, including UN and U.S. sanctions. Nor are bilateral U.S./Iran talks likely to get far before the U.S. has reduced the harm caused to its interests by the Lebanon war, Iraq, the festering of the Middle East peace process, and the perception of disunity at home and collapsed prestige abroad. It means showing that Hizbullah will not roll the Lebanese government over; that Iranian agents in Iraq have reason to fear arrest; that a balance of power can be maintained in the Gulf; and that the flow of oil will be safe. Sir Richard Dalton was British Ambassador to Iran in 2002-2006. (Telegraph-UK)
The "Moderates" Are Fanatics, Torturers and Killers - Mai Yamani
As the Middle East lurches from crisis to crisis, Tony Blair, George Bush and Condoleezza Rice compulsively repeat the word "moderates" to describe their allies in the region. But who are they, and are they moderate? The Saudi Wahhabis are, after all, fanatics; Egypt's Hosni Mubarak is intolerant of dissent; and Jordan, the state closest to the Western ideal, is a marginal player. These countries' appalling human rights records, lack of transparency and repression rank them among the world's least moderate. Bribes, beheadings, and the oppression of women and minorities are traditional, and because whatever is traditional is not radical, it must be moderate. (Guardian-UK)
The Al-Aqsa Mosque Plot Hoax
Bridge Over Troubled Water - Editorial (Jerusalem Post)
Palestinian leaders, whether from Fatah or Hamas, have been keen to find an excuse to divert attention from their internal problems. So it is not surprising that many have jumped on Israel's reconstruction of an access bridge to Jerusalem's Temple Mount. The truth, of course, is that the bridge is simply a pedestrian walkway replacing the stone ramp leading up to the Mughrabi Gate that partially collapsed in a storm three years ago and was deemed unsafe by city engineers.
By law, the Antiquities Authority is required to carry out a salvage excavation before any construction at the site. Yuval Baruch, the authority's chief archeologist for Jerusalem, said the dig was at least 60 meters from the Mount. "We invite everyone to come see," he told Israel Radio.
The Prime Minister's Office stated: "The construction of the bridge, located in its entirety outside the Temple Mount, has no impact on the Mount itself, and certainly poses no danger to it."
Cynical appeals for a renewed intifada and violent resistance discredit the purported Palestinian moderates, who are standing shoulder-to-shoulder with extremists' efforts to whip up hostility.
See also The Lethal Al-Aqsa Plot Hoax - Yaakov Lappin (Ynet News)
A century-long campaign of unfounded claims of a Jewish "plot" against the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem continues unabated.
While the work is not taking place on the Temple Mount where the mosque is located, Palestinian Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh has called on Muslims "to defend the al-Aqsa Mosque," with Hamas charging Israel with "demolishing parts of the Aqsa mosque." Calls have been issued for Palestinians to "unite their guns in defense of al-Aqsa."
Since the 1920s, Palestinian leaders have used the site as a rallying cry to wage war against the Jewish presence in Israel, and to try and gain support from Muslims abroad.
Warnings of an Israeli plot to destroy the mosque are issued by the Hamas government every few days, ensuring that the flames of unfounded paranoia and incitement against Israel remain lit.
See also Salvage Excavations in the Archeological Park near the Temple Mount (Israel Antiquities Authority)
Subscribe to the Daily Alert
Unsubscribe from the Daily Alert


text:
Grants & Contests »
Grants for individual researches
Grants for young scientists
Research Fellow in Computational Non-Adiabatic Photochemistry
Country: United Kingdom;
Web-Site: atsv7.wcn.co.uk
Applications are invited for a Research Fellow to work in the group of Prof. Graham Worth in the Department of Chemistry at University College London. The post is funded through an EPSRC grant to develop new computational methods for the study of non-adiabatic photochemistry and to use these methods in the design of new photo-active molecules. The work is part of a multidisciplinary team together with Dr. Scott Habershon and Prof. Vas Stavros at the University of Warwick, and Prof. Rachel O'Reilly at the University of Birmingham.
The postholder will focus on the development of accurate quantum dynamics methods. The work has three main parts (i) to develop our direct dynamics method (DD-vMCG) (ii) to include solvation effects into quantum dynamics calculations (iii) to simulate measurable signals on a range of molecules that will be compared to experiments carried out by our collaborators.
The appointment is for three years in the first instance, starting as soon as possible.
The successful candidate will have a PhD degree (or be about to be awarded a PhD) in Chemistry, Physics, or similar subject. A knowledge of quantum mechanics and quantum chemical methods for excited state calculations is required, as well as experience with HPC and programming. Experience with Fortran Programming is desirable. They will be expected to work in a highly multidisciplinary collaborative team, and have effective verbal and written communication skills in English.
Please note, appointment at Grade 7 is dependent upon having been awarded a PhD; if this is not the case, initial appointment will be at Research Assistant Grade 6B (salary £30,922 to £32,607 per annum) with payment at Grade 7 being backdated to the date of final submission of the PhD thesis.
A can be accessed at the bottom of this page. To apply for the vacancy please click on the 'Apply Now' button below.
Informal enquiries should be addressed to Prof. Graham Worth ( g.a.worth@ucl.ac.uk ). Any queries on the application process can be directed to Judith James - j.k.james@ucl.ac.uk .
We particularly welcome female applicants and those from an ethnic minority, as they are under-represented within UCL at this level.
Latest time for the submission of applications
Our department holds an Athena SWAN Bronze award, in recognition of our commitment to advancing gender equality.
This appointment is subject to UCL Terms and Conditions of Service for Research and Support Staff.
Please use these links to find out more about UCL working life including the benefits we offer and UCL Terms and Conditions related to this job.
Opportunities Digest


text:
FTAC: Arafat and Potential for Revolutionary Palestinian Leadership in the Coming New Middle East – A Note
Posted by commart in 21st Century Feudal, Anti-Semitism, Conflict - Culture - Language - Psychology, FTAC - From The Awesome Conversation, Gaza Suzerain, Islamic Small Wars, Israel, Middle East, Palestinia, Political Psychology
Arafat, human rights, KGB history, malignant narcissism, Medieval Political Absolutism, modern democracy, Palestinian dignity, Palestinian leadership, Palestinian rights, political psychology
Excellent statement — let's keep it grounded in the both the realpolitik of its day and what we know of leadership psychology today:
https://conflict-backchannels.com/2016/10/03/palestinian-kgb/
Russia has had a long history of virulent and institutionalized anti-Semitism. Before Arafat's arrival, it used anti-Semitic sentiment to court its targets in the Arab world. https://conflict-backchannels.com/2015/10/12/ftac-tip-to-the-kgbs-amplification-of-middle-eastern-anti-semitism/ In addition to spreading the forgery and libel that was the _Protocols of the Elders of Zion_, it produce a propaganda campaign accompanied by sending trained agents and workers into the middle east to facilitate its own ends.
In states burdened today by the legacy of "medieval political absolutism", the narcissistic egomaniac only appears to represent the cultural spirituality of the state, but the same presumptuously does as much at any and every cost to The People — and that may include what has happened to the Palestinian People.
https://conflict-backchannels.com/coins-and-other-terms/anthropolitical-psychology/malignant-narcissism/
The malign qualities in leadership may stem from damage done to the self-concept of the leader in childhood or youth as humiliation or similar injury finds an antidote in that person's reinvention of personality and its appearance. In the context of militarized societies or others obsessed with honor, the observation that the people ultimately create the Great Leader — and the Great Leader becomes also their own Great Burden — would seem to have become in this era entirely predictable.
The prompt: a discussion about why Arafat failed to set up conditions for a Palestinian democratic society.
The most basic and honest answer to that is this: Arafat's handlers in Moscow forbid him any development of liberalism or democracy in territories to which he was assigned. Instead, Moscow asserted its will to impose itself on the Palestinian People and produce a sustained conflict beneath which many would profit from long decades engaged in corruption, crime, and related patronage. The would be no justice within the Palestinian community for the leadership and its cronies.
More recently, as noted in the BackChannels piece, "Palestinian KGB" (cited above), it has been revealed that Mahmoud Abbas has himself had KGB status — a fact of life that never goes away — and appears today to be as hamstrung in his political stance as his predecessor and probably for the same reason. He may be representing modern Palestinian interests far less than the archaic medieval interests of Moscow in sustaining dictatorships and the related looting-by-leadership known to too many Soviet-style intimidated and subjugated populations worldwide.
For the greater base of the Palestinian people, the Middle East Conflict has been a good business for the Palestinian privileged by way of the favor of politically criminal Palestinian leaders.
Closely Related on BackChannels
https://conflict-backchannels.com/2016/09/23/ftac-these-too-are-palestinians/
https://conflict-backchannels.com/2017/07/29/ftac-antidote-to-what-poisoned-the-palestinians/


This class explains the different ways files can be shared within an organization.
Domain Controllers control security and permissions for all computers in the domain.
Requires a "real" Windows server which may or may not be cost effective depending on the size of the network and the number of changes that need to be made regularly.


text:
HomeCatalogTutorialsDevelopers
Sort by Recently Updated
Community Safety and Well-Being
Sustainability and Natural Environment
Unique and Inclusive Neighborhoods
delinquent
enterprise zone
grtc
neighbornood
personalloan
Represents Refuse Collection Areas.
Tags refuse collection
Commercial Area Revitalization Effort (CARE). The CARE program is designated to revitalize and return economic viability to older neighborhood commercial districts, primarily in the City's low and moderate-income districts.
Tags care economic
Dispatch Zone
911 Dispatch Zones.
Tags zone safety dispatch
Fire Districts.
Tags districts fire
The system of trails that are used for biking and hiking were initially captured using GPS techniques by the Bicycle, Pedestrian and Trails Coordinator, Department of Parks & Recreation, along with friends of the mountain biking community. Trails were captured by physically riding a bike along these pathways. Inaccuracies of GPS data resulting from riding under tree canopies and from use of less-than-survey-accurate GPS devices were 'corrected' by City GIS staff (geographic information systems) by adjusting the trails to overlay identifiable features from the City's orthophotography. For example, the dirt of worn single-track pathways could be seen in less dense foliage and field areas. In many cases there was no way to see through the more densely forested areas, so the original GPS'ed information was not interpreted to match the orthophotography. It is believed that all trails and waypoints data meet the map accuracy standards required of the Department of Parks and Recreation.All final decisions about the mapped locations and attribution of Waypoints and Trails were under the purview of the City's trails superintendant.
Tags hike bike trail
The Neighborhoods feature class layer describes boundaries of community neighborhoods within the City of Richmond. Neighborhoods contain non-overlapping polygons that are coterminous with the City of Richmond Planning Districts. These polygons were defined according to commonly accepted boundaries of city neighborhoods, as interpreted from the following sources: 1) Sub-Division plats and other historic maps, 2) Civic Association boundaries, 3) Census Tracts, 4) general knowledge of the Division of Housing & Neighborhood Preservation staff. Economic and Community Development:
Tags neighborhoods
Enterprise Zones.
Zone III originated in 1995 with a 20-year time-span. This zone primarily covered areas in the Downtown area and commercial and industrial properties north of the James River and west of I-95. At that time a portion of residential parcels was included. Eight (8) years later, Henrico County and the City of Richmond applied for a Joint Zone (connecting at Broad Street and Brook Road). At that time, the original 20-year zone time was retained. The Joint Zone (Zone III/formerly North Zone) had a sunset date of December 31, 2014. In 2012, Henrico County contacted the Virginia Department of Housing and Community Development (DHCD) requesting that they be allowed 20 years for Zone III as a joint zone resulting in a sunset date of December 31, 2022. At the end of 2014, both the City and Henrico County applied for a Redesignation of Zone III from DHCD; the Redesignation application was approved in January of 2015 by the Virginia Commonwealth resulting in an extension of Zone III for both the City and Henrico County. The official sunset date was set at December 31, 2022.
Contentwise, the Redesignated Zone III encompasses the commercial and industrial areas north of the James River including and west of I-95. Also, commercial corridors north of the James River and east of I-95 are included as well as Shockoe Bottom. Lastly, the Hull Street and Hull Street Road Corridors, Belt Boulevard between Hull Street Road and Midlothian Turnpike and Midlothian Turnpike corridor between the City line and Belt Boulevard are incorporated.
Tags economic enterprise zone
GRTC Bus Routes and Bus Stops.
Tags grtc bus stop route
Represents Street Sweeping Areas. The Department of Public Works Division of Environmental Maintenance sweeps and flushes the City's streets.
Tags street cleaning sweeping
Elementary School Zones
Tags district school zone
◂◂◂...page 3 page 4 page 5 page 6 Current Page 7 page 8 page 9 ▸▸▸
© 2019 Richmond, VA
assessor (12)
check (10)
closure (1)
delinquent (1)
economic (2)
enterprise zone (1)
grtc (1)
hike (1)
neighbornood (1)
personalloan (1)
precinct (1)
rapids (10)
refuse (1)
You are leaving data.richmondgov.com


text:
mdigital » Audio » Steve Jansen - Snow Way
Steve Jansen - Snow Way download mp3 album
Steve_Jansen Field_Recording 2018
Steve Jansen
Snow Way
AA MPC DMF XM DXD WMA ADX
Steve Jansen (2) – Snow Way. Label: Section 31 – S31 004. Format: CDr, Album. Country: US. Released: 13 Feb 2018. Recordings of a ng rain gutter were made on January 21, 2018 in Overgaard, Arizona.
Steve jansen discography. neither present nor absent - 2019. A collaborative album from Steve Jansen and Lebanon based musician Maiya Hershey. An ambient work recorded in Lebanon and London. Subtle piano meld with gentle orchestral elements and synthesisers with layered so and design, loops and field recordings. Working under the group name of Nine Horses "Snow Borne Sorrow" is a critically acclaimed collaboration between Steve Jansen, his brother and frequent collaborator David Sylvian and electronic composer, remixer Burnt Friedman. 1: Wonderful World 2: Darkest Birds 3: The Banality Of Evil 4: Atom And Cell 5: A History Of Holes 6: Snow Borne Sorrow 7: The Day The Earth Stole Heaven 8: Serotonin 9: The Librarian. More information can be found at ninehorses.
Stephen Batt (born 1 December 1959), known professionally as Steve Jansen, is an English musician, composer and record producer. He was a founding member of the band Japan, along with his brother David Sylvian (vocals, guitars and keyboards), Mick Karn (bass guitar), Richard Barbieri (keyboards), and Rob Dean (guitar), having all met in Catford.
Corridor by Steve Jansen, released 11 June 2018 1. Corridor 2. Recovery Room A slowly evolving instrumental piece designed for playback in a gallery space with uncontrolled acoustics and no sound insulation. Avoiding percussive and complicated bass content this audio is designed to float in a live space at low level volume allowing sonic variations to subtly stimulate the ambience. artwork by Anna Malina Zemlianski, design by Carl Glover Includes unlimited streaming of Corridor via the free Bandcamp app, plus high-quality download in MP3, FLAC and more. ships out within 3 days.
The album yielded one of Sylvian's most well-received songs, "Orpheus", and was later followed by his first live outing as a solo artist, 1988's 80-day world tour "In Praise of Shamans", featuring Robbie Aceto, Richard Barbieri, Mark Isham, Steve Jansen, Ian Maidman and David Torn. Never one to conform to commercial expectations, Sylvian then collaborated with Holger Czukay. As I was writing and developing the material, the spirit holding all these disparate elements together just left me. I sat stunned for a moment and then realised: It's over; this is as far as it goe. n a sense, I'd been steadily working my way toward Manafon since I was a young man listening to Stockhausen and dabbling in deconstructing the pop song. Having said that, I don't think we only develop as artists practising in our chosen fields.
Steve Jansen Official. 58 beğenme · 50 kişi bunun hakkında konuşuyor. Steve Jansen Official. We would like to clarify that ALL vinyl purchases will come with a postcard genuinely signed by the band (not printed) per each copy purchased.
All songs and all albums Steve Jansen You can listen for information on the site. Download the album or mp3, watch videos Steve Jansen. All video clips of all the songs are here. All audio materials of Steve Jansen are presented solely for information. All styles of audio music. ru All rights are reserved by their respective owners. On this site you can find any kind of music except for MP3 download.
Steve Jansen – Slope (3CD re-issue). Released at April 24, 2014. Release date: April 24, 2014. The triple cd set comprises the original album plus remixes, live recordings and instrumental soundtracks, which includes lyrics and all new artwork by Carl Glover. Exhibiting a bold combination of inventive rhythms, intricate programming and emotive vocal performances, the album features guest contributions from an impressive line-up including David Sylvian, Tim Elsenburg (Sweet Billy Pilgrim), Joan Wasser (Joan As Policewoman), Thomas Feiner, Anja Garbarek, Nina Kinert, and Theo Travis. a way of disappearing.
1 Snow Way Out 7:48
2 Snow Way Down 7:00
3 Snow Way José 6:24
4 Snow Way, Not Norway 6:41
5 There's Snow Way 5:34
6 Snow Way in Hell 5:33
7 Snow Way 6:03
Recordings of a snow-melting-capturing rain gutter were made on January 21, 2018 in Overgaard, Arizona.
Art by Steve Jansen.
Hand numbered. Edition of 15.
Similar to Steve Jansen - Snow Way
DJ Movex, Sleepoy - Snow Fantazy album mp3
John Snow , Dorothee Hengen-Snow - John Snow - Dorothee Hengen-Snow album mp3
Eddie Brunner And His Original Teddies - Tampico / Let It Snow, Let It Snow album mp3
Frank Sinatra - Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow! album mp3
Carol Lou Trio - Snowfall / Let It Snow, Let It Snow album mp3
Grooveman Spot - One Snow / CB X'Mas album mp3
Shadows On The Snow - The Melting Away Of The Great Upheaval album mp3
Phoebe Snow - It Looks Like Snow album mp3
Rejjie Snow - Dear Annie album mp3
Hank Snow - I'm Moving On album mp3


Most of us have a love-hate relationship with the cold. Some of us love the snow and everything that comes with it while others prefer to bundle up indoors until the temperatures reach a more reasonable number. However, no matter your personal feelings about winter, your skin and the cold, dry weather definitely do not mix. Keep reading for tips on how you can keep your skin soft, smooth and supple, even when the temperatures start to drop!
2. Hydrate, Hydrate, Hydrate! Of course hydration is key no matter the season, but it is especially important in the cold winter months because the air is so dry. The dry air means that water evaporates really fast, leaving your skin thirstier than ever before. Hydration starts from the inside out so that means drink water, water and more water. Even if you don't feel as thirsty as you usually do, keep sipping— your skin and your body will thank you.
3. Bundle Up This probably goes without saying but guess what? We're saying it anyway— BUNDLE UP! OF course keeping warm during the winter is a big priority (we hope), but it is also really important for your skin. Wearing scarves and gloves and hats (and of course, sunscreen!) are really important when it comes to protecting your skin from the freezing temperatures and harsh snow and rain. In this case, protection is better than cure!
4. Use Lukewarm Water Now, we all know there is nothing better than a steaming hot shower, right after spending the day battling the freezing element. And while we aren't saying ditch the hot shower completely, wherever possible try to use lukewarm water instead. Hot showers can actually really dry out your skin, resulting in winter eczema and cracked skin, especially if you don't moisturize right after. Don't let your love of piping hot showers mess with your smooth skin goals!
Heres to happy, healthy winter skin!!
I have very very very dry skin! My legs look like alligator skin! I have tried everything, but nothing is working! HELP!!


text:
About LDNscience
What is LDN?
LDN Discovery Timeline
How Does LDN Work?
What is LDN Used for?
LDN Researchers
Where to Buy LDN
Find a Prescriber
Clinical Trials in Progress
How to Talk to Your Doctor
Interviews with Experts
Interviews with Patients
3rd Party LDN Website Links
Dr. Brian Johnson
Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Professor of Anesthesiology; Director of Addiction Psychiatry
State University of New York, Upstate Medical University
Dr. Brian Johnson received his MD from New York Medical College and has been practicing for more than 20 years.
Dr. Johnson's research goal is to understand how opioids exert their effects by addressing clinical challenges that appear unrelated but are unified by an innovative theory. Dr. Johnson and his team have proposed a theory that unifies the nature of these disorders by assuming that each involves a dysregulation of the opioid system based on data suggesting that opioid dependence and fibromyalgia are associated with low opioid tone whereas autism is associated with high opioid tone. Their first challenge, therefore, is to create and validate a treatment for opioid dependence that corrects persistent hormonal changes after detoxification. Their second challenge is to treat fibromyalgia. Their third challenge is to assess whether autism is a disease of too-high opioid tone by blocking excess opioid stimulation to treat the symptoms. Opioid dependence, fibromyalgia, and autism are three disorders that cause much distress and disability but are difficult to treat. They test the theory by treating opioid dependence and fibromyalgia with low-dose naltrexone and autism with high-dose naltrexone. Their theory suggests a novel approach that could improve the quality of life of patients suffering from these debilitating disorders.
To view his bio, click on Dr. Brian Johnson's Profile
To view his published articles, click on Dr. Brian Johnson's Work
MedInsight® Research Institute.
About LDNscience®
LDNscience® is a public information project of the MedInsight® Research Institute.
MedInsight® Research Institute is a U.S./U.K. based non-profit organization which serves as a platform for researching and indexing available off-label (repurposed) treatments for cancer and chronic diseases.
Find an LDN Prescriber
MedInsight's Projects:
Dipyridamole Eye Drops
Cureiosity®
Benefited from LDN?
Change Someone's Future!
With as little as $1 a month, you could change someone's life
DISCLAIMER: Information on this website is not a substitute for medical advice from your doctor or other professional healthcare provider.
Ensure that vital news about LDN is delivered to you without delay.
Sign up for LDN News Alerts
Your email will not be shared with anyone else.


text:
February 22–25, 2016 | Boston, Massachusetts
PREVAIL II: A Randomized Controlled Trial of ZMapp™ in Acute Ebola Virus Infection
Richard T. Davey; for the the Multi-National PREVAIL II Study Team,NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
Although there are currently no licensed treatments for Ebola virus disease (EVD), the triple monoclonal antibody cocktail ZMapp is one of the most promising immune-based approaches for treating EVD based upon non-human primate data. Given the changing patterns of morbidity and mortality for human EVD identified during the recent outbreak in West Africa, it was believed that the single most definitive means of determining the efficacy of such an intervention would be through performance of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a clinical endpoint.
In a collaboration sponsored by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and involving the Ministries of Health of Sierra Leone, Guinea and Liberia, Mapp Biopharmaceuticals, Inserm, and academic medical centers in the U.S., consenting patients of any age diagnosed with EVD by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between March-November 2015 were enrolled in the affected countries. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either optimized standard of care (oSOC, defined minimally as intravenous (iv) fluid resuscitation plus electrolyte monitoring) or oSOC plus three iv infusions of 50 mg/kg ZMapp spread three days apart. Patients were stratified by baseline Cycle Threshold (CT) value (≤22 vs. > 22) on PCR and by treatment site (U.S. vs. Liberia/Sierra Leone vs. Guinea [where favipiravir was part of oSOC]). The primary endpoint was mortality 28 days following randomization. An independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) reviewed interim results.
As of January 5, 2016, 72 patients were enrolled in the U.S. (n=1), Liberia (n=5), Sierra Leone (n=54), or Guinea (n=12). 30/72 (42%) and 42/72 (58%) had CT values ≤22 and >22, respectively, with an overall mean CT value of 23.9 at enrollment. The mean age of the enrolled cohort was 26.1 years: 55.6% were female. Only 6.9% had prior occupational exposure to persons with known EVD. The mean #days since symptom onset was 4.2. Overall mortality at 28 days was 21/72 (29.2%).
In the only RCT of a putative therapeutic agent performed to date in the current crisis, 72 patients were randomized to receive either oSOC plus ZMapp versus oSOC alone over a 9 month period in the latter half of the 2014-15 EVD epidemic. Barring a resurgence of additional EVD cases and with DSMB concurrence, the study will be unblinded for safety and efficacy analyses on January 14, 2016, 42 days after the last confirmed EVD case in West Africa.
Ebola: One Year Later
Richard Davey
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health