The 125th parade last year only featured 17 floats, a vast reduction on the past.
Aberdeen's traditional torcher parade could be on the brink of burning out after more than a century, the Evening Express can reveal today.
The annual event – which has been organised by Aberdeen University Students' Association (AUSA) for more than 120 years – is struggling to stay afloat, faced with a lack of interest, dwindling attendance and fewer donations.
Part of the city's heritage, the parade of 2016 could be the last, organisers said today.
Holly Bruce, 22, head of the charities and communities group at the university, said: "It's completely in danger at the moment.
"If the parade can't get the backing of the students and the community then it's going to die a death.
"It was once the biggest event of its kind in Europe. People have memories of going to the parade and loving it.
"Each event would raise tens of thousands of pounds for charities, it would be the highlight of the year for many of them.
"We're not seeing that same return now.
Dozens of children gathered to see floats leave Marischal College in 1969.
Holly says changes to the academic year at the University of Aberdeen have also forced a change in the timing of the event.
Students are no longer able to attend near Easter, now reserved for exams, so the parade was moved to the colder month of March and without much fanfare.
Holly said: "I don't think a lot of people, even local people, knew about the change.
A student in fancy dress collects money during the 2014 Torcher.
Attendances have not been what they once were according to Holly, and the lack of return for the charities involved is making the hard work of organising the student-led parade less worthwhile.
Arranging to close roads, recruit volunteers and raise money is becoming increasingly difficult according to Holly.
But she is determined to see that the Torcher Parade, should it disappear, goes out in a blaze of glory.
Holly said: "I want to bring some passion to the event that perhaps only a local understands.
"It would be so sad to see it go after 126 years.
"Last year we had 17 floats, this year we'll have 50 – I'm going into schools and calling everyone I can to get the community involved.
The Torcher Parade 2016 is due to take place on Saturday, March 19.


This past weekend, on February 19th, I celebrated two years of continuous sobriety. The week before that, I celebrated my 3 year anniversary of being suicide attempt free. A few weeks before that, I celebrated one year of being self-harm free.
The first thing I felt on my suicide attempt free anniversary was not pride or happiness, it was shame. I felt shame that I was still celebrating these kinds of milestones. I felt shame that I was in a place 1, 2, 3 years ago that scared people and nearly ended in my death. I felt shame that one some of my biggest accomplishments are just…being.
I was talking to a friend about all of these anniversaries and she said "I am so proud of you. You have come so far, even though I didn't know you at your worst. I'm glad you're celebrating." And that was when I decided it was time to turn off the self-critical voice in my head saying I didn't deserve to be excited about these things.
Here's what I realized in that moment: I am allowed to be excited about every aspect of the recovery process. Yes, sometimes it feels ridiculous that I celebrate my ability to keep myself alive, sober, and do not hurt myself. Yes, I am still challenged by the self-critical demon that is my brain.
The fact is though, if I didn't celebrate these things, I wouldn't be the person I am. If I didn't go through these things, I wouldn't be me.
I was looking back on all of the things I've done since my last attempt, since I got sober, since I last self-harmed, and I have come so far. I recognize the me from the past as someone recognizes a fiction character. You know what they did, you know their story, but you also know they aren't real.
The real me was never, and is not, the person in those memories. The real me is the one sitting here writing this today. If the real me doesn't recognize what the me in my memories did, how dark their life was, I have a high and dangerous probability of becoming that person again.
In learning from our pasts, we have to look at them. If I don't look at who I was, then I have no reason to continue growing.
I celebrate to remind myself why I don't want to be the person I was, or do the things I did. We all have things we celebrate that may not seem like celebrate in recovery. Things like getting out of bed all week, taking a shower, brushing your teeth. Things that mark progress from where you were to where you are now.
For me, this month was full of those things, and the person I am is grateful to the person I was for the progress I have made.
I am not ashamed of the fact that I celebrate life a little differently. I am proud that I am still here to celebrate life a little differently.


Join the Amarillo Public Library and Panhandle PBS for an exclusive early viewing of the new Curious George Halloween Special. Curious George: A Halloween Boo Fest will be shown at the Central Branch at 413 SE 4th Street in Downtown Amarillo on Saturday, October 26th at 11:00 a.m. The event is free and open to the public.
In the one-hour special, it's George's first Halloween in the country, and Bill tells him and Allie about the Legend of No Noggin - a spooky tale about a hat-kicking scarecrow who haunts the countryside on Halloween. But is the legend really real? George and Allie are determined to find out by taking a picture of No Noggin in hat-kicking action. But first George needs to figure out what he's going to be for Halloween so he can win the costume contest at the town Boo Festival. Will George's quest for the perfect costume interfere with his quest for the truth?
Only the curious will find out! Join in the fun on October 26th at the Amarillo Public Library, and tune in to Panhandle PBS to watch the special on Monday 10/28 at 7 a.m. and 3 p.m. and on Thursday 10/31 at 7 a.m. and 3 p.m.


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The Lives and Afterlives of Enoch Powell
The Undying Political Animal
Olivier Esteves
Stéphane Porion
Published March 31, 2021 by Routledge
Published May 8, 2019 by Routledge
The Lives and Afterlives of Enoch Powell: The Undying Political Animal
50 years after Enoch Powell's self-styled detonation in the form of his so-called 'Rivers of Blood' speech, this volume brings together contributions from international scholars in the field of history, political science and British studies, with new insights from hitherto unexplored archives. It investigates some of the key national and grassroots parameters which, from above and from below, led to Powell's violent irruption into the immigration debate in 1968. It apprehends Powell as a political and intellectual figure firmly established in the British Tory tradition, a tradition which was to shape the 1970s debate on race and immigration, and be avidly instrumentalised by the British far-right. It also analyses Powell's positioning vis-à-vis the Irish question, and apprehends Powell's late-1960s moment from an international standpoint, as one of the early stages of the conservative revolution which was to culminate in 2016 with Trump's election. Lastly, this book weaves a thread between Powell and another recent political detonation: Brexit.
Part 1 : The Powell Effect in British Politics and Society
'Powell and After: Immigration, Race and Politics in Britain'
R. Ford
'Wrathful rememberers : harnessing the memory of World War II in letters of support to Powell
O. Esteves
Part 2 : Powell and the Press
'Powell and the media : an insider's account'
N. Jones
'An international press view of the Powell Moment (1968-1973)'
Part 3 : Reterritorialising Powell
'The rise of the Runnymede Trust : Enoch Powell and the media wars'
B. Bebber
'Enoch Powell, British Nationality and The Irish Question (1968-1987)'
D. Shiels
Part 4 : Powellism and Conservative Politics
'Enoch Powell, Julian Amery and Debates over Britain's world role after 1945'
P. Corthorn
'The End of an Intellectual Journey: How Alfred Sherman's Ideas on Immigration and the British Nation were Framed by Powellism (1968-1979)'
S. Porion
Part 5 : Powellism and Nativist Right Politics
'"Enoch was right" – The Powell Effect on the National Front in the 1970s'
'The ambivalence of UKIP towards Enoch Powell's legacy'
K. Tournier-Sol
Olivier Esteves is Professor of British Studies at the University of Lille, France.
Stéphane Porion is senior lecturer in British Studies at the University of Tours, France.
Routledge Studies in Fascism and the Far Right
Contemporary History 1945-
Fascism & Nazism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Championship West Bromwich Diangana can help Baggies over the finishing line
Diangana can help Baggies over the finishing line
Bobbie Jackson
West Brom loanee Grady Diangana is back in training and set to boost Albion's promotion hopes over the final months of the season.
West Ham sanctioned a loan move for Diangana over the summer, allowing the exciting youngster to head to the Baggies for the 2019-20 campaign to continue his development.
After coming through the academy ranks with the Hammers, Diangana made his senior debut in September 2018 – starting and scoring twice in the EFL Cup against Macclesfield Town.
His performance immediately got West Ham fans excited and he was rightly rewarded with a Premier League debut three days later, although it was only a cameo from the bench in a 3-1 win over Manchester United.
Injuries offered up the chance of a regular run in the senior side and he finished the 2018-19 season with 17 Premier League appearances under his belt.
The Hammers were clearly impressed with his exploits and handed over a new six-year contract in January 2019.
With first team appearances set to be limited this term, West Ham were happy to send the England under-21 international out to the Baggies to link up with former boss Slaven Bilic.
The move seemed to make sense for all three parties with Albion looking to earn an immediate return to the Premier League.
The Championship is regarded as one of the most competitive leagues in European football and has provided many a youngster with the chance to advance their career.
Diangana looked comfortable from the outset, scoring twice in six minutes on his league debut in a 2-1 win over Luton.
He played an integral role in helping the West Midlands outfit as they lost just once in their opening 24 league games, scoring five and laying on five assists.
Grady Diangana highlights 2019/20 🔥
[via @Between_TL] pic.twitter.com/AjPHUqhdL2
— West Ham News (@whufc_news) March 3, 2020
The Baggies' impressive run saw them sit at the top of the Championship, five points clear of Fulham in third, on January 20 when Diangana limped out of the 1-0 loss at home to Stoke.
The forward sustained a hamstring injury and has spent almost two months watching on frustrated from the sidelines.
Consistency has been an issue in his absence and West Brom have slipped to second, although they are six clear of the Cottagers in third as they look to earn automatic promotion.
Leeds, who are top by a solitary point, and West Brom are heavily fancied to hold on to go up without being involved in the lottery of the playoffs and Diangana's return, which looks imminent, is a timely boost for Bilic.
The Baggies posted a video to their social media on Tuesday which shows Diangana back on the training pitches with his teammates.
Look who's back in training 👀🔥@GradyDiang | #WBA pic.twitter.com/M3bxR8FaWN
— West Bromwich Albion (@WBA) March 9, 2020
The 21-year-old could return to action at home to Birmingham on Saturday or, failing that, the midweek clash at promotion rivals Brentford.
With nine games left to play this season, Diangana could prove to be the catalyst required for the Black Country side to get them over the line and back up to the top-flight.
Slaven Bilic Grady Diangana


Mansfield Park, by Jane Austen. At 10, Fanny Price, a poor relation, goes to live at Mansfield Park, the estate of her aunts husband, Sir Thomas.
Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson. Young Jim Hawkins, while running the Benbow Inn with his mother, meets Captain Billy Bones, who dies at the inn while it is beseiged by buccaneers led by Blind Pew.


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Assessors determine home, property values for tax purposes. Should their jobs be put to a vote?
Austin Cannon
The Des Moines Register
Iowa's county and city assessors would face retention votes similar to those now required of Iowa judges under a bill proposed in the Iowa Senate.
Sen. Jake Chapman, R-Adel, said he introduced Senate File 49 to give voters more direct oversight of the people who assess home values.
"Put the power back into the hands of the people," he said.
Critics say the measure, if it passes, would politicize assessors' jobs and could pressure officials to undervalue property assessments to appease voters.
"What's going to happen is good assessors, the ones that do their job and do revaluation every two years like it's required in the law, they're going to be the ones that don't survive the retention vote," Polk County Assessor Randy Ripperger said.
Republican lawmakers have faced similar criticism over proposals that would change the way Iowa's judges and justices are picked, giving politicians more power over the nomination process. Democrats say those bills, which passed House and Senate subcommittees and advanced through the Senate Judiciary Committee on a party-line vote, are a political power grab.
► RELATED:How high can your Iowa property taxes go? Pretty darn high.
The assessor retention vote bill passed a Senate subcommittee Feb. 1 and will be considered Thursday by the Senate Local Government Committee.
Iowa has 107 assessors charged with determining the assessed value of properties not used for farming, which is what cities, counties, school districts and other taxing entities use when calculating property tax payments, said Lucas Beenken, a public policy specialist at the Iowa State Association of Counties.
Assessors are appointed to six-year terms by conference boards made up of representatives from local tax jurisdictions. These boards typically include mayors, county supervisors and school board members. Polk County's conference board has 37 members.
Iowa assessors earn an average salary of $73,853 per year, according to the Iowa State Association of Counties. All 99 counties and eight cities have an assessor on staff.
Chapman is a critic of conference boards, which he says fail to provide adequate oversight and don't provide a clear path for Iowans to raise concerns.
Ripperger said the Polk County Conference Board generally meets twice a year to set his office's budget. He said there are several other oversight mechanisms for residents.
Property owners can dispute an assessment to a local board of review, the state or in district court, he said. The Iowa Department of Revenue also reviews county assessments every two years and makes corrections when they deviate 5 percent or more from the state's independent sales study.
"This is a solution in search of a problem," said Beenken, whose group represents all 99 counties.
However, Chapman claims some assessors violate Iowa law by only assessing a portion of their county's properties, placing a higher tax burden on the property owners who were assessed.
He did not provide any specific examples, but he pointed to a 2017 Department of Revenue memo that showed some assessors were improperly classifying agricultural property.
"If you have an assessor that continues to abuse and break the laws that the legislative body writes … then there needs to be a remedy to remove that county assessor," Chapman said.
If his bill becomes law, there would be retention votes every four years during regular city and county elections. County assessors would face their first retention vote in 2020, and city assessors would first appear on the ballot in 2021.
Chapman dismissed criticism that it would politicize assessors' offices, arguing the law would put assessors on the same page as Iowa's judges.
"Of course they're not going to be happy when we come in and say, 'You're going to be responsible to the people now, the people you work for, the people paying for you to be employed,'" he said.
Janet Bruce, the Warren County assessor, said her office is already blamed for higher property taxes when home values increase. Even if assessors are doing the job right, voters could still retaliate, she said.
"We're not always the favorite people in the world," Bruce said.
Des Moines City Manager Scott Sanders said the threat of a retention vote could pressure assessors to value homes below the market rate, forcing the Department of Revenue to increase assessments every two years during its review process.
That could throw city and school district revenue projections out of whack and hamper budget setting, he said.


text:
'use strict'

import angular from 'angular'
import stripe from '../stripe'
import Payment from './payment'

export default angular.module('payment.model', [
  stripe
])
.factory('Payment', Payment)
.name

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<!doctype html>

		<meta charset="utf-8">

		<title>Quantum Machine Learning in context: What is a quantum algorithm anyway?</title>

		<meta name="description" content="23 Feb 2017">
		<meta name="author" content="Sarah Kaiser">

		<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
		<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">

		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no, minimal-ui">

		<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
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Quantum Machine Learning in context:

What is a quantum algorithm anyway?

						 Portland Data Science Group

						04 Oct 2018

						Sarah Kaiser

						@crazy4pi314

 TL;DR

 Quantum computers are NOT universally faster or more powerful than classical computers

 Quantum computers will NOT be here tomorrow.
have:100 qubits / need: 100 million

 Dwave is  NOT  a quantum computer. Evidence shows quantum annealer at best

 We only have clues to where we can apply quantum resources machine learning


text:
CSIS-GRIPS-RSIS Policy Research Network on Contemporary Southeast Asia (PRN-SEA) Webinar
The Way Forward for the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) - Partnership between Japan and ASEAN to Promote an Inclusive AOIP
22 Oct 2021 15:30 - 17:00
Type: Lectures / Seminars
In the midst of the ongoing strategic competition between the United States and China, Japan proposed the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) Initiative in 2016, believing that the Indo-Pacific should become a stage for international cooperation and collaboration rather than an arena for geopolitical confrontation and tension. ASEAN announced the AOIP in 2019, and the United States, Australia, India, and European countries made public their own Indo-Pacific concept.
Given the current situations, there is a need to rebuild strategic equilibrium and a system of international coordination and cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region in the future, while respecting the centrality and unity of ASEAN and promoting the materialization of inclusive AOIP cooperation projects involving more ASEAN dialogue partners.
This webinar will focus on the principles and norms, the content of cooperation, and the implementation mechanism of the Indo-Pacific Initiative and will aim to discuss a concrete path toward the materialization of AOIP cooperation.
About the Speaker
Professor Kunihiko Shinoda joined the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in 1988 and he was Director (APEC&FTA), Trade Policy Bureau, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) (2005-2008), Director, Financial Cooperation Division, Trade and Economic Cooperation Bureau, (2008-2010), Director, Asia and Pacific Division, Trade Policy Bureau (2010-2012) and Deputy Director-General for Trade Policy, Trade Policy Bureau (2017-2019). He was engaged in negotiations on FTAs such as RCEP and economic cooperation with ASEAN, China and India in METI. He was also posted in Asian countries such as the Embassy of Japan in the Philippines (1996-1999), JODC Bangkok Office (2002-2005), JOGMEC Beijing Office (2012-2014) and Japan-China Economic Association Beijing Office (2014-2017). He has been engaged in research and education on Asian economy and Indo-Pacific cooperation since he was seconded to the GRIPS in 2019.


text:
Bank of Canada Announces the Recipients of Its 2010 Law Enforcement Award of Excellence for Counterfeit Deterrence
The Bank of Canada is pleased to announce the recipients of its 2010 Law Enforcement Award of Excellence for Counterfeit Deterrence. The award was established in 2004 to recognize the work of Canadian law-enforcement personnel in deterring and preventing the counterfeiting of Canada's bank notes.
This year, the Bank is presenting two awards – one recognizing outstanding enforcement efforts, and the other recognizing an exceptional contribution in the area of crime prevention.
RCMP Sergeant Susan MacLean and Corporal Tim Laurence, representing all members of the Integrated Counterfeit Enforcement Team in Greater Toronto, are being honoured for their role in dismantling a major counterfeiting operation. Their efforts resulted in the seizure of $4.2 million in counterfeit Canadian $20 bank notes before they could be put into circulation.
Sergeant Jean-Marc Michaud, of the Sûreté du Québec in Montréal, is being honoured for his commitment and dedication to the prevention of counterfeiting over a career spanning 25 years.
"It is commonly accepted that modern policing involves not only the detection, but also the prevention of crime. The winners of this year's award have captured that essence," said Gerry Gaetz, Chief of the Currency Department, "and the Bank of Canada wishes to congratulate these officers for the very positive contributions they have made towards maintaining confidence in Canada's currency."
The recipients of the Bank of Canada's 2010 Law Enforcement Award of Excellence for Counterfeit Deterrence received their awards during the annual conference of the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police in Edmonton.
A photo from the awards ceremony is available on Canada NewsWire.
Content Type(s): Press, Press releases


text:
Shooter takes aim at two houses
BRADENTON -- An unknown person fired multiple shots into a pair of Bradenton-area homes early Friday, authorities said.
No one was injured by the shootings, which occurred around 1:45 a.m. in the 6300 block of Seventh Street West, according to the Manatee County Sheriff's Office. The incident started with the shooter firing a round that shattered a living room window at a vacant home on the road, deputies reported. Moments later, the shooter blasted a round at the front door of a nearby home, then shattered a bedroom window above where a 41-year-old resident was sleeping.
The shooter then raced from the area before deputies arrived, according to reports. Investigators have not yet released information on what type of weapon was used in the shootings, as they continue to work the case.
to 'spice' smoking
SARASOTA -- Three people collapsed and were transported to Sarasota Memorial hospital after smoking "spice" Friday morning, police reported.
At about 10 a.m, two people collapsed at 400 Lemon Avenue in Sarasota, according to the Police Department. A third person fell ill at 507 Kumquat Court in Sarasota, after having an adverse reaction to the chemicals in the synthetic drug.
Tuesday, four people were hospitalized when they collapsed at Five Points Park after consuming the drug.
"We are going to try to determine who actually sold it, how it was made, who made it and bring those individuals to justice also," Police Chief Bernadette DiPino said this week.
Sarasota Police officers will begin buying "spice," DiPino said, adding "If we find that the substance that they're selling is illegal, we will prosecute to the fullest extent that we can."
According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, "spice" refers to a wide variety of herbal mixtures that produce experiences similar to marijuana.
They are marketed as "safe" legal alternatives to that drug.
Spice is sold under many names, including K2, fake weed, Yucatan Fire, Skunk, Moon Rocks, and others and labeled "not for human consumption." These products contain dried, shredded plant material and chemical additives that are responsible for their psychoactive effects.


text:
Consulting Defining, building and launching next-generation financial services globally. Research Unique, timely market intelligence and analysis from our team of experts. Media Financial services content, delivered across audio, video and events.
11:FS Pulse In-depth user journey reviews and analysis to benchmark leading financial propositions. 11:FS Foundry A modular approach to delivering scalable digitally native banking propositions.
Content hub Stay informed on the latest trends in financial services, fintech, digital strategy and more. Podcasts Critical thinking does not need to be bland. Or written. Videos Our live shows, video series and lightboards.
How Banks Are Driving The Evolution Of Personal Financial Management
Sarah Kocianski Head of Competitor Strategy
13th November 2018 • 5min read
In the last few weeks Wells Fargo's Control Tower, a set of tools designed to give customers better oversight over their financial lives, has been made available to all digital customers.
Australian bank ANZ also announced it would start offering its customers nudges to help them build better financial habits. Monzo, a UK-based digital bank offering current accounts with in-depth spending analysis and advanced budgeting tools, raised £85 million ($111.6 million) at a valuation of £1 billion ($1.31 billion).
This suggests personal financial management (PFM) tools and features are still in vogue. Based on the principle of offering customers financial nirvana, these products and services have been around for years. Mint, one of the first players in this space, is now over 10 years old, and whether as stand alone apps, embedded in digital banking, or as features piggy-backing off messaging services, PFM is everywhere and proliferating.
That's a very good question. Historically PFM tools have had low customer adoption, which can be put down to any number of factors including poor functionality, difficulty of use and irrelevance to customers' everyday lives. That has meant lack of commercial viability and subsequent acquisition or disappearance. Those launching services today, however, believe they can change this situation thanks to a combination of more modern technologies, changing customer behaviours and broader economic developments.
Smartphones, the influence of customer experience-centric technology giants, and the internet are so widespread that the human desire for instant answers has become a reality in nearly every aspect of life. The willingness to trust non-human interactions and advice has sky-rocketed. And the downturn in economies across the globe, especially after a period of relative plenty in the West, and the consequences of that, have to some extent returned consumer focus to proper management of income and expenditure. These factors make PFM tool adoption more likely, but by no means guarantee success.
Don't discount the banks
Companies offering stand-alone products continue to display ingenuity, excellent design and user-centricity and the ability to launch features at a rate of knots. But the banks are finally starting to cotton onto how to help customers manage their money digitally, in a practical way. Some have offered PFM tools for years, but they had the same issues and possibly even lower levels of usage as independent products and services. Now they are rethinking their approach.
Starting with Simple, the neobanks realised that money management needed to be a core part of their proposition if they wanted to stand out from the crowd. Whether it's helping you track what you spend and set budgets, highlighting upcoming outgoings and predicting whether you will have more month than money, or offering an overview of your entire financial position, these tools help customer perceptions that the bank is on their side. In turn, that can help with (but by no means solve) problems of low customer brand loyalty.
Some of the larger, older banks have been watching and learning. BBVA is one of the leaders when it comes to offering its customers insight into their finances. It's also taking advantage of open banking to connect to customers' other financial accounts and provide them with a more holistic picture.
Offering digital tools which help customers manage their money is heading towards being a hygiene factor for banks. The question is, how do they ensure they are delivering services that are actually useful for customers? Some will buy startups with market leading services, others will partner or use white label services and a few will manage to build their own. But it will take time for many banks to get there, and in the meantime we shouldn't write off some of the independent products as they continue to deliver financial nirvana to their users.
The evolution of PFM as an optional extra into digital money management sitting at the heart of financial services and products is well underway and that's a good thing. Good for consumers, good for businesses and good for providers if they want to hold onto customers in a rapidly changing financial services landscape.
This article first appeared on Forbes.com.
#financial inclusion
#Banking
#challenger banks
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Sarah Kocianski
Sarah is Head of Competitor Strategy in Consulting & Research at 11:FS, unearthing fascinating insights on diverse subjects throughout the finance and tech industries.
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Learn, exchange, grow, and serve. The U.S. Department of State offers many programs for non-U.S. citizens wishing to come to the U.S. for cultural, educational, or professional exchange. These programs are augmented by local opportunities in countries around that world that allow non-U.S. citizens to explore U.S. culture and the English language.
EducationUSA
EducationUSA is your official source on U.S. higher education
Learn About EducationUSA
Local EducationUSA Centers
EducationUSA advising centers help you navigate the Five Steps to U.S. Study.
Find A Center Near You
Study & Exchange American English
The United States supports international education and welcomes foreign students and exchange visitors. Before applying for a visa, students and exchange visitors must be accepted by their schools or program sponsors.
Learn more about Study & Exchange
American English is a resource center for teaching and learning about American English language and culture.
Visit the American English Site
BridgeUSA
Brings emerging leaders and professionals to the United States.
Learn More About BridgeUSA
Academic & Professional Exchanges
Opportunities for international study & research from undergraduate through postdoctoral.
Read more about exchanges
Local American Spaces
Find American Spaces, American Centers, American Corners, or Binational Centers near you.
The Office of American Spaces oversees a network of 600 open-access cultural centers.
Learn More About American Spaces
EXCHANGE ALUMNI: RESOURCES & OPPORTUNITIES
Join the ExchangeAlumni community and open the door to a world of support, resources, and funding opportunities to help you build on the skills you gained during your exchange program:
Gain access to various grant opportunities through Foundation Directory Online (FDO) and Grants to Individuals (GTI).
Read journals, academic journals, and articles through Gale and EBSCO's first academic database.
Find and connect with fellow ExchangeAlumni locally and globally.
Get up-to-date information on live events, such as #MentorTalks, and ExchangeAlumni news.
There are also resources you can access without logging in, such as the Resources for Entrepreneurs page, where you can find information and programs to help you build your business. In addition, you can connect with us online through LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, sharing your successes by using #ExchangeAlumni when you post. Prefer to email? Reach us at exchangealumni@state.gov.
Public Diplomacy Programs Annual Program Statement 2023
AEIF Notice of Funding Opportunity 2023


In 2014 a scary 62% of adults in England were classified as overweight or obese, compared to 53% 20 years earlier. More than two-thirds of men and almost six in 10 women are overweight or obese.
So what is it we're doing wrong? How did things get so bad over the last two decades? Whilst growing up you may have been exposed to a couple of hours of television a week if you were on your best behaviour. But as millenials, our children will be used to the mobile phone and tablet culture. How are they supposed to remain fit and healthy if they're staying in gaming, texting or swiping? Get them off their phones and open their eyes to the real world.
Obviously walking to school depends on geographics, but most people who live within walking distance to school still choose to get a lift. Walking to school rates have declined to the lowest ever. This is a simple choice that could really benefit the mental health of both parents and children. Another idea is to take bikes or scooters.
Don't let the weekends continue to pass you by without doing anything memorable with your kids. Ask them what they actually want to do and make them the best days. To avoid arguments and politics about which child gets to choose where you go, give each child a date in the calendar – make it happen. Suggestions might be a visit to the beach, the farm or a theme park.
When the kids get back from school, instead of the usual routine of dinner-bath-bed, surprise them by packing a picnic to take to the park for an al fresco dinner. Play rounders, cricket or football in the park. Let them climb trees, play hide and seek and run wild.
Whether you go to your local outdoor lido or an indoor pool, it doesn't matter. What matters is that you and your children and moving, and swimming is one of the best ways to exercise. Your children will be stimulated and tired out from all the fun so you should expect a good night sleep after an afternoon at the pool.
Scooters have been around for almost 20 years, but they're back and cooler than ever. Not only can scooting help young children develop skills such as steering, stopping and balancing but it's an activity you can do locally and together. Scooting encourages physical activity at any age, which leads to a healthier lifestyle. Both young and old can find a scooter that fits, and scooting itself is relatively easy to learn.
There are so many beautiful places in the UK waiting to be explored. If you have older kids, why not climb mount snowdon or visit the new forest national park. It shouldn't be too much of a challenge to get your kids there now that the warmer months are approaching.
We hope you take on board these tips and are able to spend some quality time with your loved ones enjoying nature and the outdoors as well as staying fit and healthy.


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1098 Arlington St, Winnipeg, MB R3E 2G6, Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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In three days time, the Crisscrossing around the country will come to an end. It will be the voters' turn to cast their ballots for candidates of their choice in Monday's harmonised elections.
It is harvest time for the 23 presidential candidates, prospective Members of Parliament and those seeking to represent their wards in local government elections. However, one only harvests where they have sown good seed.
The pre-election environment has been marked by unprecedented peace, the peace that descended on Zimbabwe since the dawn of Operation Restore Legacy.
The prevailing peace gives confidence that delivering free, fair, credible and violence free elections will not be a tall order, especially when there is team spirit among leading contenders.
More than 20 political parties signed a National Peace Pledge, committing themselves to upholding the basic tenets required for realising a credible election.
There is no candidate who can claim that they failed to campaign in any part of the country due to threats of violence, because from the onset, the new administration preached peace, unity and love, for without these, the quest for development will not be attained.
If some candidates failed to campaign in some parts of the country, the only reasons could be lack of resources and in a majority of cases, lack of supporters.
The peaceful atmosphere so far experienced is a plus not just for the Government that has an obligation to ensure that elections are held under a peaceful environment, but also for the political parties.
We also commend the Zimbabwe Republic Police and major stakeholders in the NGO sector for taking the peace message seriously.
Another group that needs commendation are the young voters, especially those who will be voting for the first time.
They are excited by the prospect of making a difference, but the majority of them have not allowed that excitement to cloud their judgment, since in the past, youths have been bought off by alcohol and drugs in order to perpetrate violence.
We hope that they remain focused even as they cast their vote and after the results are announced. They should refuse to be canon fodder.
Although there were instances where some political entities instigated violence, it had no takers as President Mnangagwa and his deputy, Dr Constantino Chiwenga, persistently and consistently preached peace at rallies and/or Government-related programmes.
The peace dividend we have enjoyed since November 2017 must prevail even in the post-electoral period, for there is no alternative to peace and unity. Some candidates are exuding confidence, to the extent of making claims and counter-claims that the Presidency is theirs.
We hope that they are not putting the cart before the horse, because that in itself is a recipe for disaster. Come next week, we also hope that they will not reject the results after being defeated.
Just two days ago, MDC-Alliance leader Mr Nelson Chamisa brimming with excitement, said he would not boycott the election because he already knew that he was the winner.
A few days before that, he told supporters at a rally that if incumbent President Mnangagwa gets 10 percent of the total vote, he will congratulate him. The question is, if he does not win, will he accept the result?
All candidates must view themselves as suitors vying to capture the heart of a girl and they should be aware that in any contest, one person emerges the winner because the people would have bought into their programme.
Self-ordination sends wrong signals, considering that there are 23 candidates seeking votes from the 5,6 million registered voters.
But, it is our hope that between now and July 30, it remains business as usual, as people maintain peace, not for the sake of the many observer missions in the country, but for Zimbabwe and its development agenda. The 2018 election should demonstrate to the world that Zimbabwe has matured democratically.
A fortnight ago, President Mnangagwa reminded the nation about the importance of peaceful co-existence and unity at the Johane Marange Pesach: "How good and pleasant it is when God's people live together in unity . . ." (Psalms 133), he quoted the scriptures.


The Econo-Boom telescoping model can extend from 86-1/4" to 151.5". The telescopic section of the boom is secured in place with an infinitely adjustable locking screw. Fork pockets measure 7 1/2"W x 2 1/2"H on 24" centers. Overall size is 32"W x 13.5"H. A 36" safety restraint secures the boom to the fork truck for safe operation. Each unit includes two lifting hooks. Non-telescoping style also available.


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Steer Davies Gleave develops modular footpath for London trial
29 January 2018 Consultancy.uk
An innovative modular pavement design is currently being deployed in the London area of Lavington Street. The new walkway, which has been reconfigured by consulting firm Steer Davies Gleave to improve pedestrian access in the region, will be tested for six months.
As part of the development of the Bankside district of London, part of the wider London Borough of Southwark, the Better Bankside not-for profit organisation was formed in. The organisation works with location businesses, many of which pay a levy to the organisation, to improve various aspect of the district.
The Bankside Boardwalk project was developed by the non-profit in 2016. The aim of the project is to explore how changing situations in cities and district, can be seamlessly integrated through simple transformations of space to better facilitate the outcomes of the new conditions. Much of the public space in cities (up to 80%) are roads, even though many are underutilised. For the project in question, the project explores how a temporary reconfiguration of Lavington Street to a one-way street, provides freed up space, which can then be re-appropriated as an extension to the footpath. The new footpath will be modular by design, allowing it to be deployed quickly at locations when new configurations are deemed appropriate – such as during construction, different times of the year, as temporary hoardings or for roadworks.
Better Bankside ran a design competition for the development of the temporary footpath, with ten submissions of sufficient quality received by the firm, representing around 28 organisations in the wider submission development process. A panel of key partners Southwark Council and Transport for London took part in the selection of the consultancy to provide designs, with Steer Davies Gleave winning the tender process. The firm recently worked alongside Ramboll to help deliver a public transport overhaul in Southampton.
Steer Davies Gleave developed the innovative modular design for the new footpath, before it was manufactured and installed by Trueform. The walkway will be in place for a period of six months, during which time Better Bankside will study the effect of the project on peoples' experience of the new built environment.
Peter Piet Associate Director at Steer Davies Gleave said, "We are delighted to see the boardwalk installed as the bright colours and striking pattern of the boardwalk dramatically enhances the appearance of Lavington Street while the area undergoes substantial building work. It creates space for people to walk comfortably along the street and has places where people can sit and talk. I would like to thank Better Bankside, Southwark Council, Transport for London and the local community for their contributions in developing this innovative streetscape product".
Modular technology has been employed by several projects in recent years. Most recently, this saw engineering consultancy Arup leverage the technology to develop a new bridge for locations where traditional technology cannot easily be deployed.
Steer Davies Gleave
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NEAT is an efficient system for evolving artificial neural networks in a genetic algorithm. NEAT can evolve extremely complex minimalist solutions to a variety of problems. NEAT is also one of the few neuroevolutionary systems that can perform evolution using both mutation and crossover operators. It is not always obvious how to perform a crossover operation in a neural network because the structures of different neural networks are not necessarily related. Therefore crossover operators have to perform complex analysis of the network structure to find appropriate points for crossover of the neural networks or phenomes. This problem is compounded by the fact that the genomic representation of the phenome does not clearly indicate where crossover can and cannot occur.
NEAT solves this problem by using historical markings in each element of each genome. Each node and link in NEAT added after the initial population of genomes is created has a historical marking attached to it. This guarantees that new innovations in structure are identifiable and recorded. This is just one of the ways in which NEAT is an innovative neuroevolutionary algorithm.
This section explains how genetic encoding works in NEAT. The genetic encoding for NEAT is slightly more complex than for some other neuroevolutionary algorithms simply because a NEAT gene encodes more information.
Each genome in NEAT contains a list of links and a list of nodes. Each link and node in these lists is referred to as a gene of the genome, and a genome comprises the entire set of hereditary information for an individual. Each link contains values for its input node and output node, the connection weight, information about whether the link is enabled or disabled and an innovation number. The innovation number serves as the link's historical marking, denoting hereditary information about the gene. The innovation number allows the crossover algorithm to detect if its gene is similar to another innovation in a different genome. A node contains slightly less information than a link, including a unique node identification number, an activation response value, a disable bit variable and an innovation number. When the genome is converted to its neural network manifestation, it is referred to as a phenome. A phenome is the virtually-physical interpretation of the genotypes of the genome. Proper phenome structure must be conserved stringently during mutation and crossover operations. The link and node connectivity information comprise the physical characteristic, or genotype, information of the genome. When the genotype information is expressed physically, the observable characteristics are called the phenotypes.
Figure 1: Genotype and Phenotype Example for the NEAT Algorithm. Above is an example of a genotype that represents the displayed phenotype. There are six nodes: three input, two hidden and one output. There are nine links, two of which are recurrent and one of which is disabled. The disabled gene (connecting nodes 5 and 4) is not displayed.
Mutation operations in NEAT can change connection weights, node activation values and network topology. All these mutations occur randomly, constrained by a fixed probability which is defined for each individual simulation. Weight and activation value mutations occur when a random node or link is chosen and its weight is perturbed by a constrained random value. NEAT mutation operations change network topology by adding links and nodes. When the GA mutates a link, it randomly chooses two nodes and inserts a new link gene with an initial weight of one. If a link already existed between the chosen nodes but was disabled, the GA re-enables it. Finally if there is no link between the chosen nodes and an equivalent link has already been created by another genome in this population this link is created with the same innovation number as the previously created link as it is not a newly emergent innovation. A node mutation is similar to a link mutation but differs from it in that instead of choosing two nodes and inserting a link, the GA chooses and disables an existing link and inserts a node. The GA inserts this new node with a random activation value, as well as two link genes to connect the node to the now-disabled link's previous input and output nodes. The GA then transfers the weight from the disabled link gene to the new link gene, which is connected to the old output neuron. The weight of the link gene inserted between the new neuron and the old input node is set to one so as not to disturb any learning that has already occurred in this connection. Introducing a new node where a link once existed may fragment some evolved knowledge in the phenome. Copying the original link weight to one of the new node's links while setting the other connecting link weight to one minimizes the disturbance in learning.
Figure 2: Mutation Example: A mutated form of the original genome displayed in figure 3.1 is shown here. Both a link and a node mutation have occurred to create a new phenotype. A link genome has been added to connect node 2 and 6. During the node mutation the link between node 6 and 4 was disabled and a new node (node 7) was added. In the definition of the link genes, the values once contained in the now-disabled link have been added to the link between nodes 7 and 4 and the link between nodes 6 and 7 has been set to a value of one to preserve the original learned value.
These mutation functions introduce complexity into the initial population, referred to as base genomes, and gradually grow a solution to the given fitness function. Since the processes are pseudo random a diverse population of genomes will evolve. The crossover function must be able to recombine these inherently different topologies efficiently. It does this using historical markings also known as innovation numbers.
Because the innovation numbers are unique to innovations and not to genes, it is possible to compare any two genomes in the population and determine which genes they share. If two genes share the same innovation number they also share the same manifestation, or phenotype. Innovations are preserved among genomes in the same population. In order for mutation and crossover to function in NEAT, the system must maintain a database of all the innovations that have occurred since the first generation of each simulation. When a new innovation occurs it is checked against the database of innovations to ensure that it is not identical to an existing innovation. If its originality is confirmed, a global innovation number is incremented and assigned to it and it is recorded in the innovation database. This guarantees that while each genome might have a different structure with different weights, all related genes are identical. When a crossover operator is applied to two genomes the offspring inherits the same innovation number in each gene. This preserves the historical markings through generations. This preservation of historical markings prevents the crossover operation from becoming too computationally intensive and the networks from exploding in size because of crossover.
Figure 3: Crossover Operation: Although the parents are structurally different, their innovation numbers show that they are very closely related. Crossover happens easily without requiring structural analysis.
During a crossover operation, NEAT can quickly determine how to line up the two parents' genes. Once they are aligned it is easy to see which portions are similar and which are different. Any genes that do not share innovation numbers with genes in the other parent's genome are referred to as disjoint and are added to the child during crossover. If either parent has genes that are newer than any of the genes in the other parent, they are considered excess and are also added to the child during crossover. All genes that are shared by both parents are inherited by the child from the parent with the highest fitness. A gene that is disabled in one parent but enabled the other has a chance of being re-enabled in the offspring.
This method of crossover allows NEAT to build increasingly complex ANN structures without restricting compatibility between genomes. Unfortunately this level of complexity works against the genetic algorithm as it cannot support such diversity in its population. A structural innovation that could exceptionally improve performance in a later generation may introduce a major change in a given genome, but since it requires a few generations to reach its full potential it may be erased from the population before it has a chance to affect performance. This is why NEAT employs speciation: to protect genomic innovation.
Figure 4: Distance Between Genomes: The distance d between two genomes is the sum of the number of excess (E) and disjoint (D) genes, and the average of the weight differences of the two genomes (W ¯). The coefficients c1, c2, and c3 modify the weights of each of the variables and N is the number of genes in the larger of the two genomes.
Initially one species is formed from the entire first generation. The first genome in the generation becomes the champion of that species since the population is uniform. As the algorithm proceeds and more complexity is introduced distances between genomes will increase until they are larger than the distance threshold. At this point, NEAT designates this structurally different genome a new species and names it as the species champion. As other genomes' distances from their species champion increases, they may be placed in a different existing species if their distance from that species champion becomes small enough.
NEAT maintains species through generations to protect innovation and as an evaluation method for the effectiveness of an innovation. If no members of a species rise above their existing champion in fitness for a set number of generations, the entire species is terminated, unless its champion is the population champion.
To determine the number of genomes each species can introduce into the next generation, NEAT uses explicit fitness sharing. Each species is assigned a certain number of reproduction spots based on the sum of the species' adjusted fitness values. Each genome's adjusted fitness score is based on its distance from every other genome in the population. The lowest-performing fraction of each species does not reproduce, and the highest performer from each species carries over to the next generation via per-species elitism. Any remaining reproduction spots are filled through random selection.
If a species becomes too large, its genomes cannot reproduce productively because they do not have enough reproduction spots in the next genome. This keeps the species' sizes reasonable and is necessary for speciation-based evolution systems. If species size were not restricted one species could grow to dominate the entire population and the benefit of speciation would be lost. Most genomes in a species are structurally similar because new structural innovations are slowly added to the phenotypes, reducing the generation by generation structural variation. Hence speciation protects innovation.
The NEAT algorithm is a robust EANN. It uses speciation to protect innovation, and it uses innovation numbers to perform all GA operations efficiently. The efficiency of the GA operators helps NEAT limit increasing complexity. This combination allows NEAT to search a broad solution space efficiently while minimizing the complexity of its solutions.


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January 1, 2017 — John M. Buol Jr.
The Winchester: The Gun That Built an American Dynasty
by Laura Trevelyan
The maker of the iconic Winchester '73 – "The Gun That Won The West" – was a New England-based shirt maker with little firearms experience descended from modest immigrants from England. Oliver Fisher Winchester began his business career going from haberdasher to manufacturing shirts based on his own patented design still used on men's garments today. While he knew almost nothing about guns at the time, fate coupled with his business and manufacturing sense put him in dealings with the almost-bankrupt Volcanic Arms Company. As odd as it seems today, the Industrial Revolution hadn't quite caught on and the idea of a mass-produced repeating firearm had yet to appeal to the military and others in need of arms. Benjamin Tyler Henry of Henry Repeating Rifles fame was initially hired by Winchester to repair and maintain sewing machines at the company's New Haven-based shirt factory. The Winchester name so entrenched in the firearms world began life as a shirt maker and would go on to make things like electric irons, lunch kits, lawn mowers, roller skates, and ice skates.
The Winchester: The Gun That Built an American Dynasty by Laura Trevelyan is a detailed account of the history of the families and businesses behind and surrounding the Winchester name. The book details the extraordinary life of Oliver Winchester, the company, and its rapid rise and slow fall as told by a distant family descendant and noted BBC anchor and correspondent. From Little Bighorn to the Winchester Mystery House, the entire history of an American icon is told in great detail. The rise and fortunes of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company spans three generations, from Oliver Winchester's involvement with the Volcanic Arms Company in 1855 through the following turbulent decades of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This family business rose through the Civil War era, continued to grow through World War I, and began to slowly decline thereafter.
With six very detailed chapters, the book opens with the Winchester family tree and "The Damn Yankee Rifle" chronicling Winchester's rise and the company's firearms as used through the Civil War era and follows with "The Spirit Gun" as Winchester expanded and their rifles became popular through the Western expansion. Business and family details and dramas continue in "The Wrestler" and "Lady of Mystery" with the family behind the company the built The Gun That Won The West, setting the stage for "Decline and Fall" through World War II and the current state of the company in "Aftermath."
Winchester arms mirrored American expansion and rugged individualism at the opening up of the Western frontier. These paradigm-changing firearms became a part of American culture celebrated in fiction and praised by the real shooters using them.
Read more in the January 2017 issue.
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The Queen's Appears With a Purple Hand And People Want To Know What's Behind
109034 April 22, 2019 | by Svetlana Ugrynyuk
With so much attention constantly focused on the Royal family, it's hard to imagine a time when England will be missing it's Queen Elizabeth. Fans are always keeping an eye out on Her Majesty, especially when it's about anything that concerns her wellbeing. Although she mostly seems to be in good health, some photos surfaced from yesterday, that showed an alarmingly purple, swollen, and bruised hand on the Queen.
THE ALARMING PURPLE HANDS
Nothing about the Royals' ever goes unnoticed, so fans became concerned when they recently saw Queen Elizabeth's hands in the new photos leaked from the King and Queen of Jordan's visit to Buckingham Palace yesterday on March 1. In the pictures, the Queen looks happy and healthy, wearing a gorgeous light blue dress with pearls, sporting a gleaming smile. However, her hand appears to be bruised. Royalists are worried that her swollen, purple hand might be a sign that there are some issues with the 92-year-old's wellbeing.
It hasn't been an easy last couple of weeks for the Royal Palace. This news comes shortly after the Queen's husband, Prince Philip, was involved in a serious car crash by Sandringham Estate in January. The 97-year-old royal came out unscathed from the unfortunate accident, but two other victims had to be hospitalized and treated for injuries. Now, it looks like the Queen is dealing with what could possibly be some new injuries of her own.
IS IT A MEDICAL CONDITION?
Although the palace hasn't commented on the condition, there can be a number of different medical reasons for the bruising, which shouldn't cause major alarm. For example, something as simple as blood thinning medication or steroids can cause easy bruising on the skin. Secondly, we need to take the Queen's age into account as well; as you begin to age, and especially when you're 92, you become much more (fragile). Skin begins to thin, and the tissue underneath becomes more fragile as well.
Of course, as soon as the pictures surfaced, everyone turned into a medical professional and assumptions about what was going on started flowing in. However, the Daily Mail received an opinion from an actual medical expert - the founder of First Aid for Life, Emma Hammett. The expert stated that she believes the bruising and swelling may be the result of a circulation issue or a minor injury:
"There are many possible causes for a bruised-looking hand, from an accident to a circulation issue, although this is less likely bearing in mind the unseasonably warm weather we have had. She looks very well otherwise. She normally chooses to wear gloves and this would have hidden it. However, her hand looks swollen and so she may not have been able to wear gloves over the injury. It is possible that this serious looking bruise resulted from a relatively minor injury."
THE QUEEN'S HEALTH IN RECENT YEARS
Because she's been England's monarch for more than six decades, the public is always keeping an eye on Queen Elizabeth's wellbeing. In recent years, health concerns have hit an all-time high, since the Queen has been missing a number of royal events and outings, as well as important photos.
This past November, Her Majesty was absent from a family portrait that was taken just before Prince Charles' 70th birthday. In the various portraits, the Prince of Wales, Prince William, Kate Middleton, Prince George, Princess Charlotte, Prince Louis, Prince Harry, Meghan Markle, and Camilla Parker Bowles were pictured, smiling wide. However, the Queen was absent and many started to wonder whether this had to do with deteriorating health conditions.
The palace never ended up directly addressing the concern; some believe the Queen's absence was either due to an illness, or a message that she was trying to send. This could have been a move that was done on purpose, in order to remind everyone about who our future monarchs are.
In 2016, the Queen was absent yet again at many traditional holiday gatherings. Again, speculations circled that something was wrong and fans were worried that Her Majesty was gravely ill. It was reported afterward that she was simply suffering from a "heavy cold."
LEADING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
But, fans should find comfort in the fact that Queen Elizabeth tries to stay as healthy as possible. Although several members of her family smoked, the Queen strictly refrains from the bad habit: "Both her father and her sister smoked, but it never attracted her. It was something that just didn't appeal," Dickie Arbiter, who was her former press secretary, told the BBC. In addition, multiple deaths in her family were directly related to a smoking illness, which is something that could've also influenced her decision to stay away.
How did the relations between Queen and Princes William and Harry change after they lost their mother?
Queen rejects Harry's and Meghan's request of having an independent office.
Good genes might also play a part in the Queen's ability to stay strong for so long. According to Professor Sarah Harper, from the Oxford Institute of Population Ageing,
"If you have parents and grandparents who made it into their eighties and nineties there is a chance you have inherited good genes.," Harper continued, "You are more likely to have a strong immune system and are less likely to develop chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular problems."
Read more: Prince Charles Was Crying Before His Wedding Day And Prince Harry May Not Be Charles' Son.
Although the future sounds like a long and promising one for Her Majesty, apparently the Queen's cause of death has already been laid out for her by the Buckingham Palace officials. The Guardian stated that the Queen will most likely pass away from a short illness - even though her health is in seemingly perfect condition. The palace believes she will die in her bed, surrounded by her loved ones, but that the passing will be an illness-related one. It might not be the most pleasant conversation to have, but it sounds like the Queen has had to prepare for the inevitable.
Read more: Royal Family's Revelations About The 'Difficult Relationships' Of Charles And His Father
How Meghan Markle Won Over The Queen Left Onlookers Stupefied
Regardless of the concerning photos of the Queen's hand, we're happy to see Her Majesty happy, healthy and smiling in the leaked images. What do you think? Is there a reason to be worried about the Queen's wellbeing? Or could it just be a simple injury or side effect? Let us know what you think in the comments below!
Sources: UniLad, DailyMail, InTouch, CheatSheet, The Guardian, BBC, CNN
Meghan Markle And Prince Harry's Body Language During Pregnancy Gives Experts A Lot Of Food For Thought.
Is Everybody Getting Fooled About Meghan Markle's Baby Boy?
The Relations Between Queen and Princes William and Harry Have Drastically Changed After They Lost Their Mother.
Queen Elizabeth II, The Longest-Ruling Queen In History, Was Not Supposed To Take The Throne
Royal Family Jun 06, 2019
The Queen's Alleged "Silent War" against Camilla Parker Bowles
Weird Things People Choose to Ignore about Charles and Camilla's Marriage


When I was in high school I learned about retroactive inhibition. Retroactive inhibition occurs when learning something new causes you to forget something you used to know. For example, if you know how to play a clarinet and then learn how to play a saxophone, you might find that you get confused when you try to play clarinet again.
When I went to college my Psychology class studied both retroactive inhibition and proactive inhibition. Proactive inhibition occurs when something you learned in the past prevents your learning something new.
Or is it the other way around? Ever since learning about proactive inhibition, I've never been able to keep retroactive and proactive inhibition straight.


The Three Golden Leaves is a story about a princess (what else?) winning back a kingdom from the creatures of an ominous Black Wizard. Three golden leaves from a magic tree standing at the end of the world overcome his power, and the kingdom is saved.
Junior Theatre's 1950 touring community outreach production of The Three Golden Leaves was a collaborative effort by local college drama students and faculty, performed by Sadie Lou Tieri's Junior Theater Wing Summer Workshop students. Tieri was a member of Hunton Sellman's play directing class at San Diego State College, and was participating in the Old Globe's Shakespeare Festival.* She directed The Three Golden Leaves with assistance by William Butler of the Park and Recreation Department, and San Diego State College student Shirley Kretschmer.
The play was adapted by fellow student George Carroll Rice from a work he had written in his playwriting class San Diego State College.
Mobile sets were designed by Richard Comstock, and transported by truck for venue-to-venue.
*Sadie Lou Tieri, George Carroll Rice, Raymond Kniss and Frank Crawford appeared together in the Old Globe's production of Romeo and Juliet.
Produced by the Junior Theater Wing of the San Diego Community Theatre, in association with the San Diego State College drama department, the City of San Diego Park and Recreation Department, and the City of San Diego. Sources: San Diego Union, 1950; interview, George Carroll Rice, 2015.


/Category Archive for "Drupal Modules"
WebDux.com wrote in Drupal, Drupal Modules with 0 comment .
We can't install or update Address module in Drupal 8 as other regular module, which we have to use composer to solve the dependencies. Just go to the website root folder and use aboved composer command to install or update the address module in Drupal 8.


Fluency in math facts is essential if students are going to be able to work through more complex math processes with ease. Most of my special education students arrived at middle school with limited skills. To help them achieve mastery with their multiplication and division facts, the intervention described in the article was conducted. Most of the students showed significant improvement in their abilities. The data shows the before and after positions of each student and discusses possible reasons why most did not developed these necessary skills while still in elementary school.


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Under construction - Dec. 2016
Remarkable People Having Roots in Asia Minor
Currently there are only two people on the list, I welcome suggestions for more.
Movie director Elia Kazan (1909-2003): He was born in Istanbul and emigrated to the United States with his parents when he was four years old. (The family was originally from Cappadocia). They came o the U.S. with the help of his uncle, Avraam Kazantzoglou. In 1963 Elia directed and produced the movie America America based on the life of his uncle.
Wikipedia article on Ellia Kazan
Wikipedia article on the movie "America America"
Admiral James G. Stavridis (born 1955): His grandfather was a Pontiac Greek who fled Turkey during the "ethnic cleansigs" following WW I. Stavridis rose to become Supreme Allied Commander Europe (2009-2013). After retiring from the Navy he embarked in a distingushed acedemic career and he is a prolific writer, including articles in Time magazine. According to a newspaper article quoted in Wikipedia
A NATO exercise off the coast of modern Turkey was the "most amazing historical irony [he] could imagine," and prompted Stavridis to write of his grandfather: "His grandson, who speaks barely a few words of Greek, returns in command of a billion-dollar destroyer to the very city - Smyrna, now called Izmir - from which he sailed in a refugee craft all those years ago."
Wikipedia article on James Stavridis
Back to Asia Minor main page
theopavlidis.com


Do you look forward to going to work every day or do you grudgingly show up in order to pay the bills? Do you work past quitting time because it's expected or because you're "into it" and lost track of time?
Many people know their calling in life, their true purpose, and live "on purpose."
Take this True or False Self-Quiz to determine whether you are operating from a place of purpose.
When I get up in the morning I look forward to the day ahead, whether it's a work day or my day off.
I love the work I do -- any external reward I receive I consider "the icing on the cake."
My work makes me feel rewarded and motivated rather than drained and exhausted.
When I have spare time I participate in activities that I'm passionate about, and those activities reflect my purpose.
I know what my greatest talents and strengths are, and I apply those attributes to my work in some capacity every day.
I know I'm living my true purpose when others notice and compliment me on my abilities.
My life, personal and professional, reflects and is in alignment with my core values.
I consistently base my decisions on my beliefs, not on the expectations of others, and, overall, I'm happy with the outcomes.
If money were not an issue I wouldn't change much of what I do and how I do it.
My work environment is supportive of my personality and talents and allows me to not only show up as my true self, but to perform at my optimal level.
When my work environment fails to provide me with opportunities to utilize my unique abilities, I look to make a positive change.
The good (and great days) at work far outweigh the occasional "bad" days.
My work is enjoyable and often feels like play.
By fulfilling my own dreams and desires, I am making a positive contribution to the world as a whole.
Determining one's life purpose can take a long time, but I'm confident that, even when I question what my purpose is, I know that I have one.
If you answered false to many of these, you may benefit from discovering how to live a life on purpose. Living a purposeful life is as much about how things are done (with love, attention, passion and focus for example) as it is about what is done. It's also a great way to feel fulfilled regardless of the "job" you may find yourself in.


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Yankees top outfield prospect Estevan Florial needs wrist surgery, could miss three months
By Mike Mazzeo
KANSAS CITY — It turned out Estevan Florial had much more than a sore right wrist.
Florial has a fractured hamate bone in his right wrist that requires surgery. Aaron Boone had the same injury in 2001 when he was playing for Cincinnati and missed a month.
Florial, the top position-player prospect in the Yankees' system, could end up missing more time than that — possibly being out until August. He has officially been placed on the 7-day minor-league disabled list.
The 20-year-old centerfielder exited Thursday's game with Class A Tampa after going 0-for-2, snapping his streak of reaching base in 32 consecutive games.
"Frustrated a little bit, but it's a little bump in the road," Boone said. "Hopefully it's something that's not too long. I had surgery on the hook of my hamate too and I recall it not being that long of a thing.
"Hopefully it's just a little break in the action for him and he'll be back for most of the summer. That's hopefully the plan."
Florial had posted a .696 OPS in 36 games. "I hurt mine getting hit by a pitch," Boone said. "And his was different — most times hamate injuries happen from check swings or swings. So I don't know how that affects the timeline, but for me I feel like I played a game in four weeks."
Florial, who has star-potential tools, is believed to be a year or two away from the big leagues.
Estevan Florial is one of the Yankees' top prospects. (John Bazemore/AP)
Boone said Greg Bird's return is "right around the corner." Bird is currently rehabbing with Double-A Trenton. He has been out since undergoing right ankle surgery on March 27. Bird was hitting .118 in his first six minor-league rehab games but belted an eighth-inning homer Friday. The 25-year-old first baseman is in week eight of a projected six-to-eight week return timetable. Jacoby Ellsbury, meanwhile, had another setback in his rehab, and is now dealing with a back issue. Ellsbury is not currently doing any baseball activities.
GLEYBER STAYING NINTH
Boone has "flirted" with moving Gleyber Torres up in the lineup, but says it won't happen imminently because the 21-year-old rookie has been so good in the No. 9 hole. The manager said sure it was "possible" Torres could eventually be a leadoff hitter, but he also saw Torres hitting a bunch of places in the lineup during his career. Torres came into Friday night's game hitting .324. He went 1-for-2 with two walks against the Royals.
ONE COLE TO ANOTHER
The Rangers are apparently open for business on the trade market, with veteran lefty Cole Hamels a prime candidate to be dealt. Hamels, 34, has a 3.48 ERA in nine starts this season. He has been dealing with a stiff neck of late.
Hamels could be of interest to the Yankees, given their eventual need for a starting pitching upgrade. But he is due $22.5 million in 2018 and has a $20 million vesting option for 2019 ($6 million buyout).
That amount could prove too costly for the Bombers given their ownership mandate to stay under the $197 million luxury-tax threshold. As such, the Rangers would presumably have to eat some money if the two teams were to strike a deal.
Hamels can reportedly block a trade to the Yankees — among a bunch of other teams
Aaron Boone reiterated that Clint Frazier would likely start on Saturday against Royals lefty Danny Duffy. Aaron Hicks is hitting just .208, but Boone likes Hicks' approach at the plate, and feels like he's going to start getting results. Hicks went 3-for-4 on Friday.


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CIERA Prof. Raffaella Margutti Helps Discover 'Heavy Metal' Supernova Rocking Out
Northwestern has issued a press release, Astronomers discover 'heavy metal' supernova rocking out: First clear evidence of a metal-rich birthplace for a superluminous supernova, which begins:
"Many rock stars don't like to play by the rules, and a cosmic one is no exception. A team of astronomers, including Northwestern University's Raffaella Margutti, has discovered that an extraordinarily bright supernova occurred in a surprising location. This "heavy metal" supernova discovery challenges current ideas of how and where such super-charged supernovas occur.
Supernovas are some of the most energetic events in the universe. When a massive star runs out of fuel, it can collapse onto itself and create a spectacular explosion that briefly outshines an entire galaxy, dispersing vital elements into space.
In the past decade, astronomers have discovered about 50 supernovas, out of the thousands known, that are particularly powerful. These explosions are up to 100 times brighter than other supernovas caused by the collapse of a massive star."
Please continue to the full Northwestern News Feature.
Read the paper, "The superluminous supernova SN 2017egm in the nearby galaxy NGC 3191: a metal-rich environment can support a typical SLSN evolution" in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
"'Heavy metal' sheds light on super-charged supernovas" on Futurity.


Our beautiful sanctuary is filled with joyful prayer and song, as the voices of our Cantor and adult choir lift us spiritually. Down the hall, our Men's study group discusses the weekly Jewish text together before heading to work, while a dedicated bat mitzvah student is learning to chant her torah portion. In the school wing, members of Temple Sinai's Youth Group plan the upcoming Purim Carnival, while the 5th graders participate in a satellite discussion with their peers in Haifa. The temple kitchen is bustling, as our Social Action committee gathers donated meals to deliver to our local homeless shelter. In the Social Hall, members of Brotherhood and Sisterhood are busy planning their next social event.
Ours is a community of sacred moments - learning together, supporting each other in times of need, celebrating life's milestones, and finding opportunities for Tikkun Olam – repairing the world. We welcome you to our Temple Sinai community as together we share the bright future that lies ahead!
We believe in being welcoming and inclusive - no one should face barriers to being part of our congregation - so we've recently adopted a pledge-based membership system. How does it work? Instead of paying an assigned fixed dues amount, you pledge the amount you wish to contribute as your annual financial commitment. The funds from our congregants' pledges form the basis of our annual revenue. Additional fundraising efforts help make up the rest. Other standard fees, such as Religious School tuition, Bar and Bat Mitzvah fees and the Building Fund, continue to remain separate obligations.
How much do you pledge? Temple leadership provides a recommended "sustaining" amount for the entire congregation; most congregants will choose to pledge at that amount. Some may choose to contribute more, and some may pledge less. The bottom line is, your pledge—a gift from your heart - is up to you.
For more information about becoming a member of Temple Sinai, do not hesitate to contact our dedicated staff at (781) 784-6081 or complete the form below.


The BC Museums Association Mentorship Program pairs Emerging Museum Professionals (EMPs – in the first 10 years of their career) with experienced museum professionals in mid- or senior-career positions for an eight-month mentorship. Each mentorship pair will follow a set of suggested guidelines and structures, though pairs are welcome to create timelines, frameworks and projects at their own discretion.
The BCMA Mentorship Program's goal is to connect EMPs with experienced leaders in the BC museum sector to further occupation-specific professional development, and to strengthen the museum sector by creating a tradition of cross-career knowledge transfer.
The program's first intake took place from October 2018 to May 2018. We plan to open up a new intake of the program in the near future – stay tuned for details! If you are an emerging professional or an experienced professional who would like to learn more or participate, please contact us and we will ensure you are the first to know about the next opportunity to participate in the program.
For the BCMA, mentorship is an opportunity for emerging professionals to gain valuable knowledge and insight from experienced professionals in their field. In doing so, the BC museum sector is strengthened through a continuation of knowledge and the opportunity to share skills and resources – by both participants in the mentorship pair. Mentorship is a two-sided process, and this program is aimed to provide benefit to both the mentee and the mentor.
Mentorship pairs will meet regularly over the eight-month program to have conversations, discuss specific topics, work on projects, review decisions, and much more.
The BCMA Mentorship Program is a member-benefit professional development opportunity for emerging museum professionals (EMPs) to gain knowledge from and connect professional with experienced professionals in their field.
EMPs: Are you passionate about museum work? Are you interested in driving your career to the "next level"? Are you curious about your field and what it takes to make be a success? Are you willing to learn and get constructive feedback through open and honest communication with someone who was once in your shoes? If you answered yes to these questions, you would be suitable for a mentorship with the BCMA. EMPs must be Individual Members in good standing to participate in this program.
Mentors: Are you an experienced museum professional active in the BC museum field? Are you a good communicator/leader who is passionate about your field or work? Do you want to see your sector grow as the next wave of professionals settle into their careers? Are you up for a challenge? If you answered yes to these questions, you'll make a great mentor!
Mentorship takes many forms and can For the purposes of this program, mentors and mentees (the EMPs) are considered two distinct groups based on expertise, knowledge, professional experience, and career position. The two groups are not defined by age or professional experience in another sector.
EMPs: Current Individual Members self-identifying as within the first 10 years of their career in the museum field. EMPs must be currently employed at (or volunteer regularly with the desire for employment) a BC museum, gallery, or related heritage organization (the organization does not need to be a BCMA member). EMPs should be able to demonstrate a commitment to and desire for continued professional development.
Please note: this program is designed for museum professionals/volunteers already in their careers and not for pre-career students. The BCMA recognizes that many students work or volunteer in museums and many professionals are actively seeking further education, but requires applicants to demonstrate current employment or long-term volunteering for the purposes of career advancement. If you are currently a Student Member in good standing and are not returning to full time studies, you are eligible for this program.
Mentors: Mid- or senior-career professionals with a suggested 10 years experience in the museum field. Mentors should have strong communications and interpersonal skills, and should be able to provide guidance or advice on at least one aspect of museum work or area-specific career development. Mentors may be contractors, consultants or other private-sector employees if experienced working with museums or experts in a subject area relevant to professionals in the museum sector. A Mentor should be an Individual Member in good standing or work for an Institutional Member organization in good standing.
The selection group will do its best to make the best pairings possible, given applicant numbers and areas of expertise. The BCMA will not discriminate against applicants for any reason. Preference may be given to EMPs from small museums or rural areas.
Mentorship pairs will meet (in person or via phone/Skype) for at least one hour at least once a month, though we strongly encourage pairs to be in regular communication between meetings (by email, phone, etc.). The program is designed to be flexible and pairs are welcome to set their own schedules or arrangements so long as they meet the minimum of one meeting per month.
The BCMA will provide each pair with a set of suggested meeting guidelines and approach frameworks to help foster discussion and create successful outcomes. Pairs are, however, welcome to pursue their own interests/goals, timelines, and processes during the mentorship.
The BCMA will also provide pairs with occasional optional resources about mentorship and general museum topics.
Mentors should be prepared to spend 2-4 hours per month on the program (one meeting plus any preparation time). EMPs should be prepared for 3-10 hours per month on the program (1 meeting plus any preparation or project time).
The Mentorship Program is facilitated and supported by BC Museums Association. We provide mentorship pairs with the basic guidelines and structure, as well as with resources throughout the program, and will periodically check in with each pair for progress updates. Each pair will have the flexibility to create their own process, schedules, or projects.
The BCMA is committed to building respectful relationships between the BCMA and its members, and between mentors and EMPs. Both mentors and EMPs will be required to complete a mentorship contract agreeing to mutual respect and confidentiality during the mentorship program. The BCMA Mentorship Program is meant to provide an avenue for professional growth. The BCMA reserves the right to remove participants at any point during the program.
Mentorship is also meant to be a two-sided relationship. The BCMA hopes that mentors will also benefit from pairing with an EMP in their field, whether by gaining new skills or knowledge themselves, increasing networking circles, or having support in relevant projects. Neither mentor nor EMP should take advantage of the program or their partner for personal or institutional gain or for unreasonable advancement.
Thank you for your interest in the BCMA Mentorship Program!


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The Best Doctor Who Story In The Universe Ever
Posted on November 3, 2018 November 3, 2018 by Kirkland Ciccone
Choosing which wire to clip on a ticking bomb is probably much easier than choosing a favourite episode of Doctor Who. There are literally decades worth of stories and episodes to choose from, all those different Doctors and their companions friends. You have the Era you grew up watching (for me The McCoy Era), then you have the Era you're currently watching (The Whittaker Era) plus the Eras you've watched over the past decade since Doctor Who returned to British television (Eccleston/Tennant/Smith/Capaldi). If that wasn't enough, there are plenty other Doctors to enjoy from Hartnell to Baker. Confused? You obviously aren't a Whovian.
Okay, even for me it changes. On a Monday I might rank The Parting Of The Ways as the finest Doctor Who episode ever. It's epic, heart-breaking, intelligent, and thoughtful. It was the episode that reinvented the Daleks as religious fundamentalists. Really, has there been any antagonist as wholly remorseless and terrifying as The God Of All Daleks?
Or I might choose a classic from The Pertwee Era, one of my absolute favourite periods of Doctor Who. Pertwee's first year is probably the most serious and grown-up period of the show's history and none of his stories were more serious and grown-up as Inferno. Everything about Inferno is bleak. The Third Doctor – he's the one that looked like a Tory but loathed pen pushers and officious cretins – looks absolutely broken by the final episode. He's so damaged by his experiences watching a parallel Earth burn that he hysterically smashes up a control centre when he returns 'home' (Earth really was The Third Doctor's home), finally putting an end to The Stahlman Project.
Yes, it has to be Inferno.
There's another apocalyptic Doctor Who story that towers over all others.
It's the one I always go back to.
This Doctor Who story seems to have more to offer than most. It is the writing? The writing is brilliant, so it must be the writing. Maybe the performances from the main cast elevate this story above the others? Yes, that helps too. The main actress gives probably the best performance of anyone in Doctor Who ever.
Turn Left takes a familiar sci-fi trope, the 'What If' concept, and plunges Donna Noble (still the best companion) into a nightmare. She didn't save a grieving Doctor from his own destructiveness in The Runaway Bride, because she didn't meet him. Why? Because she turned right instead of left, avoiding a traffic accident. This one action shifts everything. There's also Billie Piper, the other serious rival to Catherine Tate in terms of acting. Billie's performance is odd; the accent isn't quite right, she seems threatening, her character not the weeping girl from Bad Wolf Bay we fondly remember. I'd argue that this askew performance helps the story, because everything is different to what we remember. Rose is a sinister presence. She knows what's going on – and she isn't telling.
Russell T Davies was often criticised for some of his less threatening aliens. He always liked to start a series with a light romp (not the kind of 'romps' wrote for his more adult shows) and that extended to the Christmas episodes too. The Adipose, The Empress of Rachnoss, The Starship Titanic and so on. In Turn Left, he gloriously subverts this criticism and shows us what would have happened to the world had The Doctor not been around to save us. No-one is laughing now. The Adipose (the cute little blobs of fat from the glorious Partners In Crime) take out America. The Starship Titanic crashes into Buckingham Palace. The Poison Sky is prevented by the sacrifice of Torchwood. Then, just when you think it can't get any grimmer, it gets impossibly grimmer with the deaths of Sarah Jane Smith and Martha Jones. What a cheery story! Oh, children must have enjoyed this story, with the Doctor's limp dead arm flopping out of a stretcher, his lifeless fingers dropping his Sonic Screwdriver on the ground.
In the midst of this darkness, Donna tries to remain upbeat, completely in her own little world which revolves around Pringles and bashing her lazy work colleagues. So when Britain begins to slide into a fascist state, it's so gradual that Donna struggles to realise the absolute enormity of what's happening. Wilf, her lovely granddad, absolutely realises. He's seen it before.
There are two moments in Turn Left that absolutely push it above all other Doctor Who stories for me. Two scenes that make it something very special.
The first scene is between Donna and her mother Sylvia. It's rare to see a nervous breakdown being portrayed on prime time British television, especially one as low-key and subtle as what happens with Sylvia. Jacqueline King is excellent here, absolutely praise worthy. She's on the floor, staring into space. Donna tries to get some validation from her mother, a recurring theme that started in Partners In Crime. And everything she says is answered in a flat, broken voice. Sylvia has been crushed. It's one of the most chilling moments ever on Doctor Who. A full-on mental collapse that is just a small moment in a story full of big moments.
The second scene that I can never ever forget is also Russell's favourite scene. He said so in Doctor Who Magazine. He's right. I'm referring to Donna standing alone in a circle of mirrors. What? How can this be such a special scene?
It's in the writing, acting, and the relentless tension. Donna is the key between the two worlds and she has to go and change the past, make sure she turns left and not right. Rose is there too. She is UNIT's scientific advisor. Rose speaks about the mechanics of time travel with confidence, showing the viewers how much she has changed since Doomsday. She's also clearly setting Donna up, manipulating everyone to get what she wants. And for Rose to get what she wants…Donna must die.
That one scene with Catherine Tate standing with a plastic beetle backpack in the centre of some mirrors is the best bit of acting ever in Doctor Who. I'll stand by that opinion. It's perfect. Give her the Bafta, the Emmy, the Oscar, the NTA. Give her every prize!
Here's the dialogue between Donna and Rose:
I'm ready, 'cuz I understand now, you said I was gonna die but, you mean, this whole world is gonna blink out of existence, but that's not dying, 'cuz a better world takes its place — the Doctor's world. And I'm still alive.
Rose says nothing. Donna continues:
That's right, isn't it?
Rose looks sad:
I'm sorry.
Donna looks devastated, but it's too late.
The episode ends with a reset. Donna is alive! So is The Doctor!
Then this happens:
Turn Left is my absolute favourite because it never ever lets up. Everything is on point, though some people might find the plastic beetle slightly too ridiculous to enjoy, but Doctor Who fans can overlook effects gone wrong. Goodness, nearly every monster in The Pertwee Era had a yellow CSO outline. It did not put me off Invasion of the Dinosaurs.
For me, Turn Left is Russell T Davies – and Doctor Who – at their very best, the peak of a classic imperial era for the show.
Posted in Blog, Review, TVTagged Billie Piper, Catherine Tate, David Tennant, doctor who, Donna Noble, Rose Tyler, Russell T Davies, The Doctor, The Tenth Doctor, Turn Left
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ASAP Rocky Opens Guess Clubhouse In L.A., Frank Ocean And More Attend
Written By Maurice Garland
A$AP Rocky showed off the latest looks from his Guess partnership inside of a treehouse he designed in Los Angeles.
This past weekend A$AP Rocky took a select group of music and fashion fans down memory lane. The Harlem rapper opened the Guess Clubhouse, a 1980s and 90s-inspired treehouse featuring the latest items from his Guess capsule collection. Visitors got to see Rocky's vision which included pastels and cotton candy, setting what he called a "cozy" vibe.
"I just wanted to bring back that feeling for our generation," he told reporters on the scene. "There's so much that they don't know about, even with access to the Internet. I have a platform, so I'm just trying to show kids what they missed out on. They don't know about the '80s and early '90s."
Designing a treehouse was special to Rocky seeing as how he grew up in New York City where things like treehouses were not an option. As far as who was allowed to enter, Rocky insisted that you had to be a member who which fit the profile of "people who aren't scared to be themselves." Some of those types of people who showed up were Frank Ocean, Kendall Jenner, A$AP Bari and A$AP Nast.
Rocky's Guess line is available this Spring.
Check out Billboard to see photos from the event.
Photo: WENN.com


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Racial bias poses a continued threat in criminal cases
On behalf of Law Offices of Damon M. Cheronis | Feb 17, 2020 | criminal defense
Many people in Illinois have raised serious concerns about the continuing impact of racial bias on prosecution, conviction and sentencing in criminal cases. One of the most important areas of study has been implicit bias, when people's decisions are affected by unconscious stereotypes and prejudices. Implicit bias rests on the acceptance of socially propagated stereotypes about a racial group rather than a conscious commitment to racist beliefs. Because it is unconscious, it can be more difficult to prove and challenge successfully. However, when implicit bias goes unchallenged, the cost for defendants of color could be substantial, including longer sentences and a higher likelihood of detention before trial.
Some criminal defense lawyers have suggested strategies to address the issue of implicit bias in the courtroom. Jury instructions given before testimony, opening statements or deliberations could instruct jurors to avoid stereotypes and personal feelings of liking or disliking the parties when considering the case. Because implicit bias rests on an unconscious framework, bringing the discussion of racial bias into the open could prompt decision-makers to consider the reasoning behind their beliefs. Other lawyers have even made a full presentation on implicit bias to potential jurors before jury selection.
Implicit bias relies on stereotyping, so making the client an individual in the eyes of the judge and jury may also help to diminish its effects. Sharing family, school or work stories and creating a narrative that presents a client's perspective can help to distinguish the defendant as a unique person rather than a collection of stereotypes.
When people face criminal charges, they already are dealing with a difficult situation and the potential for serious consequences. This only becomes more severe and concerning when potential racial bias is a factor. A criminal defense attorney may help people to protect their rights and develop a strong strategy to prevent a conviction.


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