Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge will open in Disneyland on May 31, 2019!
And Black Spire Outpost — the village on the Planet of Batuu where Galaxy's Edge is set — will serve up drinks and entertainment at Oga's Cantina!
Oga Garra is the alien proprietor of Oga's Cantina… and since Black Spire Outpost is set on a smuggler's planet, Oga is accustomed to keeping "unruly patrons in check." In fact, the Cantina has a history of being a safe haven for smugglers and patrons hoping to avoid authorities. So naturally, Stromtroopers (as well as "other familiar faces") will be stopping by to keep an eye on things.
Oga's Cantina is famous for its concoctions — which will be available with choices for kids and adults both — that feature "exotic ingredients using otherworldly methods, served in unique vessels." Early on in the announcement of the Cantina, Disney confirmed that the menu will include themed cocktails, non-alcoholic specialty drinks (mocktails) and "proprietary beer and wine options," making this a first (outside of Club 33) for serving alcohol in Disneyland.
Expect RX-24, the former StarSpeeder 3000 pilot droid from Star Tours, to serve as the Cantina's DJ!
Menu: Though an official menu has not yet been posted, we have a look at many of the drinks coming to Oga's Cantina! Options will include the Carbon Freeze, Blue Bantha, Black Spire Brew, the Fuzzy Tauntaun, and much more!
Click here to learn more about the concoctions coming to Oga's Cantina!
Coming when Oga's Cantina opens on May 31, 2019!
Oga's Cantina will make Disneyland history as the first location in Disneyland park to serve alcohol to regular park guests.


Welcome to Greenville's Elite Mobile Detailing Team!
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The Code is supplement to the on-force regulations established by the Law, Statute and Articles of Incorporation of the Company, meaning that no provision of the Code cancels any rule established by the mentioned Acts that may establish the same issue in other way, nor the Code rep eats liabilities, rules and principles established by the terms of the above mentioned governing documents, respected and applied by the Company.
As the principles of corporate governance established by the Code are aiming to upgrade economic efficiency, growth and development of the Company, its competitive advantages as well as confidence of shareholders and investors, the principles of the Code are evolutional and subject to changes. Following contemporary world trends and exchange of experiences in the field, as well as de velopments in macroeconomic policy, market economy, and culture of values and business ethics of the Company, the Management Board will make all necessary amendments and supplements to the Code, fully and regularly informing public about them on the Company's web-site.


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Home State Rs 52.09 cr earmarked for ICDP to strengthen Agri credit cooperatives: Kaito
Rs 52.09 cr earmarked for ICDP to strengthen Agri credit cooperatives: Kaito
Dimapur, June 4: Minister for Agriculture & Cooperation, G Kaito Aye today said that Rs 52.09 crore earmarked for Integrated Co-operative Development Project (ICDP) in the state would go towards strengthening of Agricultural credit co-operatives, creation of infrastructure facilities such as Go-downs, banking counters, transport vehicles, small processing units, cold storage, poultry, piggery and dairy units etc.
Speaking at a programme for distribution of Market Linkage Transport vehicles and Recovery bikes at Medziphema, the Minister said the Government's focus today is Market Linkages for Co-operative Societies, adding Market Linkages, a vital factor in agriculture and allied sectors, have long been our handicap.
"Your hard work goes to waste if your products cannot reach the market on time. To remedy that, we are providing nine transport vehicles for the selected co-operative societies during the first year under this Integrated Co-operative Development Project (ICDP) and more transport vehicles will be funded in the coming years," he said.
The Minister disclosed that along with the transport vehicles, the Government has sanctioned 5 Recovery Bikes for Fast Track Loan Recovery Drive to the ICDP Cell for the five districts.
The Recovery Bikes are targeted for the present ICDP project, and other outstanding loans. He appealed to the beneficiaries to pay back the loans that they avail as loans are meant to be loans and not Christmas gifts. He said if the loans are not repaid their project fails and they fail.
Lamenting that non-repayment of loans is a major problem among the Nagas, Kaito said people who fail to pay back loans are not just hampering the chances of their own growth, but causing hurdles for many other deserving people.
Hoping that there would be significant recovery of loans, the Minister said the 2nd phase of the project can be implemented again in the districts of Mokokchung, Phek, Wokha, Zunheboto and Dimapur etc.
The Integrated Co-operative Development Project (ICDP) was officially launched on July 20, 2018, and the first year of implementation started from September 1, 2018. Applications from Co-operative societies were invited and after thorough inspections and examination, the District Level Coordination Committees under the chairmanship of the respective Deputy Commissioners recommended and selected societies for financial assistance. The State Level Coordination Committee under the chairmanship of the Chief Secretary in a meeting held on February 14, 2019, approved and sanctioned the proposals of the district committees. 41 societies were selected from Kohima district, 57 from Tuensang, 45 from Kiphire, 31 from Longleng and 15 selected from Peren district. Altogether, 189 numbers of beneficiaries have been selected.
Anjani Kumar Srivastava, Regional Director, National Co-operative Development Corporation (NCDC), Guwahati, (The funding Agency) in his speech stated that there are more schemes that be availed under NCDC assuring his support and assistance even in the days to come.
He urged the farmers to co-operate with the state Government and take advantage of the financial assistance that can be provided through NCDC.
(Page News Service)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Through motherhood, attending post-natal classes and now as her children go to nursery she finds herself increasingly involved with the community, meeting new people and invited to children's parties.
If you're like some of us, then you may like to repeat that a few times and breathe mindfully before a Wake Up gathering.
Sometimes, it appears that my brain is hardwired for mate selection, and the instinct to find and attract a partner arises continuously.
Who wouldn't love to find a "spiritual hottie", a "Sangha sweatheart", or a "Dharma hunk"? Walking a spiritual path with a romantic life partner can be an endless source of joy and support for one another.
I have heard elder monks and nuns share with non-monastic sincere practitioners that it is wise to develop a partnership with someone who shares our spiritual path, because of the support, inclusion, and harmony it fosters throughout our life.
English village communities are small and often eccentric.
They are, however warm and usually welcoming, reflecting local charms of the 'English character'.
If you believe any of the information on this page is incorrect or out-of-date, please let us know.
Expatica makes every effort to ensure its articles are as comprehensive, accurate and up-to-date as possible, but we're also grateful for any help!
England in the summer is like a large well-kept garden that stretches on forever.


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We are honored to work alongside Trace Adkins, a friend and ally in our mission to serve our nation's heroes. Trace stars in Bennett's War, by playing the father of the Soldier returning home from war, with a life alternating injury. This story hits close to home for the many heroes we serve, as the injuries they sustained in combat, work against them every day as they strive to recover and return to civilian life.
After surviving an IED explosion in combat overseas, Marshall Bennett, played by Michael Roark, a young soldier in the Army Ranger Motorcycle Unit is medically discharged and told that one more accident could mean he may never walk again. When he gets home to his family farm, he discovers that his dad, played by Trace Adkins, is behind in the mortgage and may lose the farm. Against all odds, Bennett pledges to help his family by the only means he knows how…to get back on his bike and do what he does best.
Bennett's War is in theatres August 30. Starring Michael Roark, Trace Adkins, Allison Paige and Ali Afshar.
Connect with Bennett's War
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ForrestFilmsOfficial
Twitter: @ForrestFilms_
Instagram: @forrestfilmsofficial
#BennettsWar


This property sustained significant roofing and other damage during the passage of Hurricane Maria and is being sold as is.
Belfast is a very sought after area to live in Dominica. This property is an apartment building containing four spacious well built self contained units. Each apartment has two bedrooms and one bathroom; three of the apartments have an open plan living room/kitchen - the kitchen area has good cupboards space and is well designed. One of the apartments has a separate kitchen.
The apartments are light, airy and spacious also very solidly built, so afford the tenants a lot of privacy. Each unit has a balcony area and can be used to sit outside and enjoy the amazing views of the Caribbean Sea and the mountains plus the incredible sunsets that we enjoy on the west coast of Dominica. The garden is also very pretty and well kept.
Neighbouring houses are not very close and are good looking buildings. This is an ideal opportunity for someone wishing to own a profitable rental business.
Price: US$350,000 US$167,398 / EC$450,000.


Radio Prague offers a whole range of interesting information about the Czech Republic, as well as competitions and also the "Roma pages", which offer a glimpse of daily life for members of the Czech Republic's Roma minority. The success of the Internet team can be seen in the rising numbers visiting the site. In 2001 the Radio Prague website was recording an average of 50,000 individual sessions per month.
The Prague Post is the Czech Republic's most popular and widely circulated English-language weekly newspaper. Since its creation in October 1991, The Post has built a regional reputation for excellence in community and national journalism. With news, business, and cultural features, together with a highly popular calendar guide, Night&Day, The Post provides its readers with a thorough and thoughtful overview of current events in the Czech Republic and neighboring states.
Cesky Noviny provids news headlines and articles from and about the Czech Republic in English.
A service of European Internet Network, updated daily and containing web pages for: news, business news, local press, travel and culture, country info, discussion, classifieds, business services, shopping, and more.
"Czech News Agency (CTK), established in 1918, is the premier news source in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia providing news, business information, pictures, graphics and opinion from and about both these countries, their neighbors and the rest of the world 24 hours a day, seven days a week, in Czech and English." Choose a day of the week from one of three categories: news update, press review, and Slovakia to retrieve up to date information.


I received this dope clutch from a brand called Klutch Me and I am obsessed with it. Monday, I was brainstorming content for this post and it hit me "come through in the clutch" (pun intended). Good friendships are so important to me, so I figured this pun would be a cute spin to share my thoughts on what makes a great friend while sharing how I styled this super dope clutch!
Everyone has friends (I hope). Some of us have a ton of friends, and some of us may have a few friends. We also may have friends that we have had for years or friends that we have had for months, but one thing I have learned about friendships is that time does not matter. It's about what you do in the time of your friendship that is telling and will determine if you are a friend that comes through in the clutch!
I will be the first to admit it, I am a sensitive friend. I was talking to my husband Ernest about this last week and he told me I am obsessive with my friends (which I can definitely admit lol). Once I am your friend, and you become close to me, I REALLY CARE. I value my friendships and my close friends have a piece of my heart, always.
We all want to be good friends and I can admit, being a good friend takes effort. But it has to be an effort that you are willing to put in. So, I put together a list of 5 ways to know that you are a good friend.
Whether your friend lives right around the corner or a million miles away; be there for them and have their back. If they call you and tell you that they have something important going on or need bail money, be there- PERIOD!
Good friends don't judge each other, whether good or bad. You have to be willing to not think or speak negatively of a friend, especially if they share personal or sensitive topics with you. Be the kind of friend that can listen, but also offer up valued advice that isn't demeaning or will make the other friend feel bad about themselves. The best friendships are when both parties feel that they can come to each other and be open and honest.
No one likes a person that they can't trust. Whether it's a relationship or a friendship, trust is MAJOR. Trust is one of those things that can be hard to gain and so very easy to lose. Great friends are friends that you can trust with precious details of yourself. Trust in a friendship is knowing that no matter what, they will have your back and always have your best interest always. Be the kind of friend that is trustworthy and honest. Nothing is worst than having a lying friend. OMG- I have dealt with it and it is the worst. Mini rant: I had a friend that lied about everything, literally everything that came out of their mouths was a lie. Now, how can anyone trust a person that lies 24/7? It's annoying- so please don't be that friend! haha.
I am a firm believer that people will make time for who and what they want to do. If you want to go on vacation, you can do it. If you want to go to the movies, or out to dinner, you can do that too. Why? Because you will make it a priority and you plan for it. PRIORITIES are major with anything (that's another post topic in the making lol). If you prioritize your plans with your friends they can happen. Have you ever had a person say that they can't make a outing or trip with you, but then you turn around and see them doing the same thing you asked them to do? Major side eye! You can get mad, but you have to realize that your plans was not their priority at the time. People will do what they want and find a way for what they truly want to do. I say all of this to say, prioritize plans with the people you love. Plan them out so that they can happen. Everyone is busy, I understand that; but when you put real dates on the calendar, that is how things actually come to fruition. Spending time with friends are important so find ways to make these times priority.
Whether you are checking in on a friend or texting them for their birthday, be thoughtful or considerate. Do you pray for your friends, send them a funny joke that you know will brighten up their day? It is the little things that can make a big difference.
So there you have it, from my perspective, these are the top ways to know you are being a good friend. I can admit, no friend is perfect, I am not perfect with all of these either. We all need work in some of these areas because it is hard to be 100% in them all. But the important part is the effort that is put forth in each category. Making sure our friends know that they can count on us no matter what, and that you can come through in the clutch!
Let me know your thoughts on this post. Do you have any other tips on good friendship? Share them with me below!


Jesus listens to the excitement of his seventy-two recently empowered disciples in today's Gospel as they return from having gone out in twos to many towns and villages in order to prepare the way for Jesus. They relay to him how the goodness of his spiritual teachings has been received. They are awed by the results of their preaching and prayer which have demonstrated that sin and evil can be conquered. Jesus then prays in thanksgiving to God through the Holy Spirit for revealing this truth to his disciples.
A friend of mine recently turned 93. Throughout the past three years she has needed more care and more assistance with life tasks. Her health is failing and her spirit is drawing inward. She always keeps three or four rosaries at her bedside and goes to bed with one in her hand every night. Whenever I look at the rosaries by her bed, I am comforted by her faith and I trust that God is with her.
She is no longer able to kneel by the side of her bed to pray the rosary as she did when we were growing up. She no longer remembers our name or even what she did a few minutes ago but she remembers how to pray the rosary. It will be in her hand until the end. And even now as we walk with her in this fragile, difficult time of life, her contemplative prayer continues to light our way and be a source of strength in the heart of her friends.


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AGU 2017 Friday
Overview | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday
Friday, 15 December
AGU Sessions and Abstracts
08:00–10:00 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–231-232IN51G: Receiving Credit Where Credit Is Due: Overcoming Barriers to Effective Data Sharing for Collaborative, Transdisciplinary Research
Barron Joseph Orr, Belmont Forum e-Infrastructures and Data Management Project, University of Arizona
R J Gurney, University of Reading
Amber E Budden, DataONE
Patricia Cruse, DataCite
09:17 IN51G-08 Return on research investments: personal good versus public good (Invited)
Peter Arthur Fox, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
08:00–10:00 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–206-207 MR51B: Carbon and Other Volatiles in Earth and Planetary Interiors II
Jin Liu, Stanford University
Jung-Fu Lin, Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR)
Elizabeth Colette Thompson, University of Chicago
Carmen Sanchez-Valle, University of Münster
08:00 MR51B-01 First-principles calculations of high-pressure iron-bearing monoclinic dolomite and single-cation carbonates with internally-consistent Hubbard U (Invited)
Natalia V Solomatova and Paul D Asimow, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
08:15 MR51B-02 Shear anisotropy in textured carbonates and the detection of carbonated regions in subducting slabs
Carmen Sanchez-Valle1, Christian Pluckthun2, Ilya Kupenko2, Angelika D. Rosa3, Sylvain Petitgirard4, Wilson A. Crichton3 and Sebastien Merkel5, (1)University of Münster, Institute for Mineralogy, Münster, Germany, (2)University of Muenster, Institute for Mineralogy, Muenster, Germany, (3)ESRF European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France, (4)Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitaet Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, (5)CNRS / Université de Lille, Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
08:30 MR51B-03 New High Pressure Phase of CaCO3: Implication for the Deep Diamond Formation (Invited)
Zhu Mao1, Xinyang Li1, Zhigang Zhang2, Jung-Fu Lin3,4, Huaiwei Ni5 and Vitali Prakapenka6, (1)University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, (2)Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (3)The University of Texas at Austin, Geological Sciences, Austin, TX, United States, (4)The University of Texas at Austin, Jackson School of Geosciences, Austin, TX, United States, (5)University Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China, (6)University of Chicago, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Chicago, IL, United States
08:45 MR51B-04 Super-deep diamond genesis at Redox conditions of slab-mantle boundary
Jing Gao, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States, Bin Chen, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Honolulu, HI, United States and Xiang Wu, China University of Geosciences Wuhan, Wuhan, China
09:15 MR51B-06 Effect of hydrogen on the melting of the Fe-C system and the fate of the subducted carbon
Xiaojing Lai, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Honolulu, HI, United States, Bin Chen, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Honolulu, HI, United States, Jing Gao, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States and Feng Zhu, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
09:30 MR51B-07 The effects of sulfur on carbon partitioning and solubility in high pressure-temperature alloy-silicate systems: Implications for fractionation of carbon and sulfur during accretion and core formation of Earth and Mars
Kyusei Tsuno, Rajdeep Dasgupta and Damanveer S. Grewal, Rice University, Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Houston, TX, United States
09:45 MR51B-08 Release of Nitrogen during Planetary Accretion Explains Missing Nitrogen in Earth's Mantle
Jiachao Liu1, Susannah Dorfman1, Mingda Lv1, Jie Li2 and Yoshio Kono3, (1)Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, (2)University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States, (3)Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC, United States
08:00–10:00 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–R04-R05P51F: Enceladus in the Rearview Mirror II
Carolyn Porco, University of California Berkeley Space Science Institute Boulder
Christopher R German, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
08:00 P51F-01 Microbial Biogeochemistry of Seafloor Fluid Flow on Earth and Implications for Biological Potential on Enceladus (Invited)
Julie A Huber, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States
09:24 P51F-08 Oxidation in Enceladus' Ocean
Christine Ray1,2, Jack H Waite Jr1,2, Christopher Glein2 and Benjamin D Teolis2, (1)University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States, (2)Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
08:00–12:20 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–Poster Hall D-FDI51B: Merging Fluid Mechanics, Thermodynamics, and Geochemistry to Investigate Earth's Dynamic Evolution II Posters
Colin Jackson, National Museum of Natural History
Rita Parai, Washington University in St Louis
Tobias Keller, University of Oxford
Matthew Price, Cardiff University
DI51B-0309 Isotopic composition of reduced and oxidized sulfur in the Canary Islands: implications for the mantle S cycle
Patrick Beaudry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States, Marc-Antoine Longpre, CUNY Queens College, Flushing, NY, United States, Boswell A Wing, University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Geological Sciences, Boulder, CO, United States, Thi Hao Bui, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada and John Stix, McGill University, Earth & Planetary Sciences, Montreal, QC, Canada
DI51B-0310 Effects of sea-level changes on mid-ocean ridge magmatism and implications for emission rates of carbon.
Nestor Cerpa1, Richard F Katz1 and Tobias Keller2, (1)University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, (2)Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
DI51B-0315 A Tractable Disequilbrium Framework for Integrating Computational Thermodynamics and Geodynamics
Marc W Spiegelman1, Lucy E L Tweed2, Owen Evans2, Peter B Kelemen2 and Cian R Wilson3, (1)Columbia University of New York, Palisades, NY, United States, (2)Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States, (3)Carnegie Inst Washington, DTM, Washington, DC, United States
DI51B-0316 Reactive-brittle dynamics in peridotite alteration
Owen Evans, Marc W Spiegelman and Peter B Kelemen, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
DI51B-0317 Coupling Fluid Dynamics and Multiphase Disequilibria: Applications to Eutectic and Peritectic Systems
Lucy E L Tweed, Marc W Spiegelman and Peter B Kelemen, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
DI51B-0318 Integrating Thermodynamic Models in Geodynamic Simulations: The Example of the Community Software ASPECT
Juliane Dannberg1, Timo Heister2, Ryan Reed Grove3, Rene Gassmoeller4, Marc W Spiegelman5 and Wolfgang Bangerth4, (1)Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States, (2)Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States, (3)Clemson University, Mathematical Sciences, Clemson, SC, United States, (4)Colorado State University, Mathematics, Fort Collins, CO, United States, (5)Columbia University, Palisades, NY, United States
08:00–12:20 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–Poster Hall D-FV51F: Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology General Contributions IV: Hydrothermal Systems and Ore Deposits Posters
Anat Shahar, Carnegie Institution for Science Washington
Alicia M Cruz-Uribe, University of Maine
Marie Edmonds, University of Cambridge
10:20–12:20 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–206-207MR52A: Carbon and Other Volatiles in Earth and Planetary Interiors III
11:20 MR52A-05 Hydrogen-bearing iron peroxide and its implications to the deep Earth
Jin Liu1, Qingyang Hu2, Duck Young Kim2, Zhongqing Wu3, Wenzhong Wang3, Esen Ercan Alp4, Liuxiang Yang5, Yuming Xiao6, Yue Meng7, Paul Chow6, Eran Greenberg8, Vitali B Prakapenka9, Ho-kwang Mao2 and Wendy L Mao10, (1)Stanford University, Geological Sciences, Stanford, CA, United States, (2)Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China, (3)USTC University of Science and Technology of China, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Hefei, China, (4)Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States, (5)Carnegie Inst-HPSynC, Argonne, IL, United States, (6)HPCAT of Geophysical Laboratory, Chicago, United States, (7)Carnegie Inst Washington, HPCAT, Washington, DC, United States, (8)University of Chicago, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Chicago, IL, United States, (9)The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL, United States, (10)Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
12:05 MR52A-08 Experimental study and thermodynamic modeling of the phase relation in the Fe-S-Si system with implications for the distribution of S and Si in a partially solidified core
Renbiao Tao, Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC, United States and Yingwei Fei, Carnegie Institution for Science Washington, Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States
10:20–12:20 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–278-279OS52A: Serpentinite Materials: From Mantle to Microbes and Everything in Between I
Jeffrey G Ryan, University of South Florida Tampa
Brandi Kiel Reese, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi
Catriona Dorothy Menzies, University of Southampton
Charles Geoffrey Wheat, University of Alaska Fairbanks
10:25 OS52A-01 Alteration heterogeneities in peridotites tectonically exhumed along slow-spreading ridges
Stéphane Rouméjon, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France; ETH Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology, Zurich, Switzerland, Gretchen L. Fruh-Green, ETH Zurich, Department of Earth Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland and Morgan J. Williams, Australian National University, Research School of Earth Sciences, Canberra, Australia
11:15 OS52A-04 Serpentinization as a reactive transport process: The brucite silicification reaction
Benjamin M Tutolo, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, Andrew J Luhmann, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Earth and Environmental Science, Socorro, NM, United States, Nicholas James Tosca, University of Oxford, Earth Sciences, Oxford, United Kingdom and William E Seyfried Jr, Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
11:30 OS52A-05 Vestiges of Submarine Serpentinization Recorded in the Microbiology of Continental Ophiolite Complexes (Invited)
Matthew O Schrenk, Michigan State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, East Lansing, MI, United States, Mary Sabuda, Michigan State University, Earth and Environmental Sciences, East Lansing, MI, United States, William J Brazelton, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States and Katrina I Twing, University of Utah, Biology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
10:20–12:20 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–208-209V52A: Under Pressure: Understanding the Storage, Activation, and Transport Processes in Magmatic Systems II
Társilo Girona, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Hélène Balcone-Boissard, UPMC ISTeP
Helena Albert, Earth Observatory of Singapore
Chiara Paola Montagna, INGV National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology
10:20 V52A-01 Long-times series of infrasonic records at open-vents volcanoes (Yasur volcano, Vanuatu, 2003-2014): the remarkable temporal stability of magma viscosity (Invited)
Sylvie Vergniolle1, Viviane Souty2, Christelle Zielinski1, Philipson Bani3, Alexis LE Pichon4, Michel Lardy5, Philippe Millier6, Pascal Herry6, Sylvain Todman7 and Esline Garaebiti7, (1)Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France, (2)Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Equipe de Dynamique des fluides geologiques, Paris, France, (3)IRD, Laboratoire Magma et volcans, Clermont-Ferrand, France, (4)CEA Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique DAM, Arpajon Cedex, France, (5)Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Noumea, New Caledonia, (6)Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Bruyeres le chatel, France, (7)Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department, Port Vila, Vanuatu
11:50 V52A-07 Controls on the organization of the plumbing system of subduction volcanoes : the roles of volatiles and edifice load
Alberto M. Roman1, Olga Bergal-Kuvikas2, Nikolai Shapiro1, Benoit Taisne3, Evgenii Gordeev4 and Claude P Jaupart1, (1)Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France, (2)Nanyang Technological University, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, (3)Asian School of the Environment, Singapore, Singapore, (4)Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Petropavlovsk Kamcha, Russia
13:40–15:40 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–203-205DI53A: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Mantle Melting and Volcanism II
Juliane Dannberg, Colorado State University
Zach Eilon, University of California Santa Barbara
Ananya Mallik, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitaet Bayreuth
13:40 DI53A-01 It's the little things that matter most: The role of volatiles in volcanoes and their magmatic roots (Invited)
Tobias Keller, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States and Jenny Suckale, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
14:10 DI53A-03 The thermochemical, two-phase dynamics of subduction zones: results from new, fully coupled models
David William Rees Jones1, Richard F Katz1, Dave May1, Meng Tian1 and John Frederick Rudge2, (1)University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, (2)University of Cambridge, Earth Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom
15:25 DI53A-08 The hottest lavas of the Phanerozoic from a reservoir at the core-mantle boundary (Invited)
Esteban Gazel1, Jarek Trela1, Alexander V Sobolev2, Michael Bizimis3, Brian R Jicha4 and Valentina G. Batanova2, (1)Cornell University, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Ithaca, NY, United States, (2)ISTerre Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Martin d'Hères, France, (3)Univ South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States, (4)University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
13:40–18:00 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–Poster Hall D-FOS53D: Serpentinite Materials: From Mantle to Microbes and Everything in Between II Posters
OS53D-1236 Systematics of Alkali Metals in Pore Fluids from Serpentinite Mud Volcanoes: IODP Expedition 366
Charles Geoffrey Wheat, University of Alaska Fairbanks, IMS, Fairbanks, AK, United States, Jeffrey Ryan, University of South Florida Tampa, School of Geoscience, Tampa, FL, United States, Catriona Dorothy Menzies, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14, United Kingdom, Roy E Price, Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States, Olivier Sissmann, IFP Energies nouvelles, Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France and IODP Expedition 366 Scientific Party
OS53D-1239 Chemistry and Isotopic Composition of Slab-Derived Fluids from Serpentine Mud Volcanoes in the Mariana Forearc Catriona Dorothy Menzies, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO14, United Kingdom, Damon A H Teagle, University of Southampton, Ocean & Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, SO14, United Kingdom, Jeffrey G Ryan, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States, Roy E Price, Stony Brook University, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook, NY, United States, Olivier Sissmann, IFP Energies nouvelles, Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France, Charles Geoffrey Wheat, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Watsonville, CA, United States, Adrian Boyce, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center at the University of Glasgow, East Kilbride, United Kingdom and IODP Expedition 366 Scientists
OS53D-1240 Methane- and Hydrogen-Influenced Microbial Communities in Hydrothermal Plumes above the Atlantis Massif, Mid Atlantic Ridge
Courtney Lee Stewart and Matt Schrenk, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
OS53D-1241 Characterizing and quantifying superparamagnetic magnetite particles in serpentinized mantle peridotite observed in continental ophiolite complexes.
Noah Francis Ryoichi Vento1, Estefania Ortiz1, Masako Tominaga1, Andreas Beinlich2, Joshua Franz Einsle3, Iris Buisman4, Emilie Ringe5, Matthew O Schrenk6 and Dawn Cardace7, (1)Texas A&M University College Station, Department of Geology and Geophysics, College Station, TX, United States, (2)Curtin University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Perth, Australia, (3)University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (4)University of Cambridge, Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (5)University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom, (6)Michigan State University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, East Lansing, MI, United States, (7)University of Rhode Island, Department of Geosciences, Narragansett, RI, United States
16:00–18:00 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–203-205MR54A: Physics, Chemistry, and Petrology of Earth's Deep Mantle and Core II
Rebecca A. Fischer, Harvard University
Zhixue Du, Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution for Science
Ryosuke Sinmyo, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Zhicheng Jing, Case Western Reserve University
16:15 MR54A-02 Experimental insights into spin state and hyperfine parameters of Fe3+in bridgmanite and silicate glass up to 91 GPa
Mingda Lv1, Susannah Dorfman1, Jiachao Liu1, Alison B Farmer1, Vasily Potapkin2, Alexander I Chumakov3, Catherine A McCammon4, Eran Greenberg5, Vitali B Prakapenka6 and Dmitry Popov7, (1)Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States, (2)Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitaet Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, (3)ESRF European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France, (4)Universitaet Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, (5)University of Chicago, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Chicago, IL, United States, (6)The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL, United States, (7)Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Argonne, IL, United States
16:30 MR54A-03 Phase Behavior and Equations of State of the Actinide Oxides
Bethany Chidester1, Olivia S. Pardo2, Wendy R Panero3, Rebecca A. Fischer4, Elizabeth Colette Thompson1, Dion L Heinz1, Clemens Prescher5, Vitali B Prakapenka5 and Andrew Campbell1, (1)University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, (2)University of Chicago, Geophysical Sciences, Chicago, IL, United States, (3)Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States, (4)Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States, (5)The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL, United States
16:45 MR54A-04 The Effect of Pressure on Iron Speciation in Silicate Melts at a Fixed Oxygen Fugacity: The Possibility of a Redox Profile Through a Terrestrial Magma Ocean (Invited)
Katherine Armstrong, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universitaet Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Daniel J Frost, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Catherine A McCammon, University of Bayreuth, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth, Germany, David C Rubie, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany and Tiziana Boffa Ballaran, Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth, Germany
17:30 MR54A-07 Stability of the high pressure phase Fe3S2up to Earth's core pressures in the Fe-S-O and the Fe-S-Si systems
Claire Christine Zurkowski1, Bethany Chidester1, Anne Davis2, Nigel Brauser1, Eran Greenberg3, Vitali B Prakapenka4 and Andrew Campbell1, (1)University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States, (2)Chicago, IL, United States, (3)University of Chicago, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, Chicago, IL, United States, (4)The University of Chicago, Argonne, IL, United States
17:45 MR54A-08 Composition of the low seismic velocity E' layer at the top of Earth's core (Invited)
James Badro, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Paris, France and John Peter Brodholt, University College London, London, United Kingdom
16:00–18:00 New Orleans Ernest N. Morial Convention Center–206-207 V54B: Crystals: Microscale Archives of Macroscale Igneous Processes II
Kayla Iacovino, Arizona State University
Karalee K Brugman, Arizona State University
Meghan R Guild, Arizona State University


Boracay | This used to be my second life as a verb.
Oh dear, not even SPF 50 could save me. Cirio and I took a walk along the beach, and it was the sunniest day we've had so far. My arms below my sleeves now sport a tan.
It's the second day of the Kidlat Awards in Boracay. And for the second day, it's raining. The sun comes out, a brief decoy of hope, and then the clouds move in. The beach looks inviting, nevertheless, and I look enviously at people who remembered to bring jackets, because the wind is chilly and damp.
Many of the creative delegates fly in today. We're at Seawind, where the judging is being held. In a couple of minutes, we'll convene at the cabana facing the beach to evaluate the Young Creatives' work. I did get a chance to walk down the beach this morning, when the sun was playing nice, and Cirio and I made our way to d'Mall so I could buy a charger and he could find an internet cafe. d'Mall has been joined by d'Wall and d'Street, and doubtless there were other contractions I missed.
Tonight at Guilly's, there'll be welcome cocktails for the creative delegates and Brian Cua will do the DJ honors, which is always (put Martha shawl on) a good thing.


Our new store has been upgraded to include our new product range. You can see some of our listed products below .
We also have a range of other Auslan products in our store including Auslan Books, Sign Language Dictionaries & a range of Signing DVD's which you can find through the categories in the top left navigation.
If you are interested in additional learning you might like to visit our Baby Sign Classes section of our website.


Pianos at Riverton Piano Company | Pianos | Piano Dealer | Phoenix | Peoria | Scottsdale | Yamaha | Baldwin | Roland | Used Pianos | Used Steinway Pianos | More!
Due to contractual agreements with our manufacturers, we are only able to offer a select group of instruments online. Click one of our store locations to see our full selection.


Sen. Saxby Chambliss will be on the air momentarily, if not already, for an interview with the Greater Columbus Chamber of Commerce. You can tune in here.
Echols to Peach Pundit: Add It Up!
Lamenting the fact he could not get increased revunue (new word for tax increases) in this bill, a la the "Gang of Six" wishes.
I am looking to vote against both Johnny and Saxby.
Any word on who'd run against them?
Hopefully Conservatives would run against them.


Inside Message: Best wishes to you for a happy birthday!
There is simply no good reason to turn down the sweet and petite cakes on this delightful birthday card. Fabulous glitter accents add a dash of pizzazz to this festive Christopher Vine design.


I sat down this weekend to finally make a pillow cover out of a burlap coffee sack that's been sitting around the house for several months. I took a few photos of it to help me remember how it originally had been stitched together, then starting cutting it apart to lay it flat. And then I promptly discovered how horrible and lint-y burlap is and abandoned the project. Memorializing the coffee sack here so I don't feel too guilty about giving up on it.
So pretty! So prone to shedding.


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text:
Canada Gazette
Part II: Vol. 149 (2015)
Vol. 149, No. 13 — July 1, 2015
SOR/2015-169 June 19, 2015
PATENT ACT
Regulations Amending the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations
P.C. 2015-861 June 18, 2015
His Excellency the Governor General in Council, on the recommendation of the Minister of Industry, pursuant to subsection 55.2(4) (see footnote a) of the Patent Act (see footnote b), makes the annexed Regulations Amending the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations.
1. The heading before section 2 of the French version of the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations (see footnote 1) is replaced by the following:
DÉFINITIONS ET INTERPRÉTATION
2. (1) The definition "claim for the formulation" in section 2 of the Regulations is replaced by the following:
"claim for the formulation" means a claim for a mixture that is composed of medicinal and non-medicinal ingredients, that is contained in a drug and that is administered to a patient in a particular dosage form; (revendication de la formulation)
(2) Section 2 of the Regulations is renumbered as subsection 2(1) and is amended by adding the following:
(2) For the purposes of the definition "claim for the formulation" in subsection (1), the claim for the formulation need not specify the non-medicinal ingredients contained in the drug.
3. The Regulations are amended by adding the following after section 3.1:
3.2 (1) If the Minister deleted a patent from the register in the period beginning October 18, 2014 and ending on the day on which this section comes into force on the basis of the decision in ViiV Healthcare ULC v. Teva Canada Limited, 2014 FC 893, rendered by the Federal Court of Canada on September 18, 2014, the first person who submitted the patent list in relation to that patent may, within 30 days after the day on which this section comes into force, resubmit to the Minister the patent list in relation to the submission or supplement for addition to the register.
(2) If the Minister refused to add a patent to the register in the period beginning October 18, 2014 and ending on the day on which this section comes into force on the basis of that Federal Court of Canada decision, the first person who submitted the patent list may, within 30 days after the day on which this section comes into force, resubmit to the Minister the patent list in relation to the submission or supplement for addition to the register.
4. (1) Paragraph 4(2)(a) of the French version of the Regulations is replaced by the following:
a) une revendication de l'ingrédient médicinal, l'ingrédient médicinal ayant été approuvé par la délivrance d'un avis de conformité à l'égard de la présentation;
(2) Section 4 of the Regulations is amended by adding the following after subsection (2):
(2.1) The following rules apply when determining the eligibility of a patent to be added to the register under subsection (2):
(a) for the purposes of paragraph (2)(a), a patent that contains a claim for the medicinal ingredient is eligible even if the submission includes, in addition to the medicinal ingredient claimed in the patent, other medicinal ingredients;
(b) for the purposes of paragraph (2)(b), a patent that contains a claim for the formulation is eligible if the submission includes the non-medicinal ingredients specified in the claim, if any are specified, even if the submission contains any additional non-medicinal ingredients; and
(c) for the purposes of paragraph (2)(d), a patent that contains a claim for the use of the medicinal ingredient is eligible if the submission includes the use claimed in the patent, even if
(i) the submission includes additional medicinal ingredients,
(ii) the submission includes other additional uses of the medicinal ingredient, or
(iii) the use that is included in the submission requires the use of the medicinal ingredient in combination with another drug.
TRANSITIONAL PROVISION
5. The court shall consider any ongoing application made under subsection 6(1) or any ongoing motion made under paragraph 6(5)(a) of the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations that are initiated during the period that begins on May 2, 2015 and ends on the day on which this section comes into force, having regard to sections 2 and 4 of the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations, as amended on the coming into force of this section.
COMING INTO FORCE
6. These Regulations come into force on the day on which they are registered.
REGULATORY IMPACT ANALYSIS STATEMENT
(This statement is not part of the Regulations.)
Two recent decisions of the Federal Court and the Federal Court of Appeal have reinterpreted the requirements of section 4 of the Patented Medicines (Notice of Compliance) Regulations [the PM(NOC) Regulations] regarding the eligibility for listing on the patent register patents claiming one or more medicinal ingredients in a manner that conflicts with the intent of the Governor in Council in making the Regulations. As a result, numerous drugs are at risk of losing patent protection under the PM(NOC) Regulations. The purpose of these amendments is to restore the policy intent of the PM(NOC) Regulations by providing rules for the interpretation of the eligibility requirements for listing patents on the patent register in respect of combination drugs in a manner that is consistent with the purpose of the PM(NOC) Regulations and the authority under which they are made. They do not modify the underpinnings of the product specificity principle introduced in 2006 to prevent evergreening practices.
The Government's pharmaceutical patent policy seeks to balance effective patent enforcement over new and innovative drugs with the timely market entry of their lower-priced generic competitors. Under the early working exception in section 55.2 of the Patent Act, which allows a person to make, use or sell patented inventions for uses reasonably related to the development and submission of information required by a law regulating marketing any product, a generic drug manufacturer is permitted to conduct the studies needed to develop a generic version of a drug and to file a notice of compliance (NOC) drug submission (a submission) under the Food and Drug Regulations while relevant patents are still in force. As a balance to the early working exception, the PM(NOC) Regulations are intended to provide effective patent protection by ensuring that a notice of compliance is not issued to the generic manufacturer until expiry of all relevant patents or such earlier time as the court or innovator is satisfied with the allegation by the generic manufacturer that no valid patent relating to the drug would be infringed. The linkage to relevant patents is assured through the maintenance of a patent register by the Minister of Health as required by subsection 3(2) and in accordance with the criteria in section 4 of the PM(NOC) Regulations. If the brand name drug manufacturer initiates proceedings to protect its patent listed on the patent register, it is automatically granted a 24-month stay prohibiting the generic manufacturer from being granted regulatory approval. The generic manufacturer may be granted regulatory approval after the 24-month stay expires or once the PM(NOC) Regulations prohibition proceedings commenced by the brand are resolved in favour of the generic manufacturer, whichever is earlier.
Since the creation of the PM(NOC) Regulations, it has been the policy intent to list patents containing a claim for the medicinal ingredient on the patent register in respect of any approved drug that includes that medicinal ingredient. However, in Gilead Sciences Canada Inc. v. The Minister of Health and The Attorney General of Canada (Gilead), (see footnote 2) the Federal Court of Appeal interpreted the word "the" in the words ". . . and the medicinal ingredient has been approved through the issuance of a notice of compliance in respect of the submission" in paragraph 4(2)(a) of the PM(NOC) Regulations as precluding a patent that claims only two of three medicinal ingredients in the approved drug from listing on the patent register. In ViiV et al v. Teva et al (ViiV), (see footnote 3) the Federal Court, relying on the Federal Court of Appeal's reasons for judgment in Gilead, held that for a patent to be eligible for addition to the register under paragraph 4(2)(a), it must specifically claim all of the medicinal ingredients in the approved drug containing more than one medicinal ingredient. This decision was recently affirmed by the Federal Court of Appeal. (see footnote 4) The principle set out by these decisions would require that in order to be eligible for listing on the patent register under paragraph 4(2)(a), a patent must contain a claim for all the medicinal ingredients that are contained in the approved drug. As a result, Health Canada has been required to refuse for listing on the register some patents in reference to drugs with multiple medicinal ingredients, as well as to reconsider the listing of some patents already on the register in reference to such combination drugs.
The interpretation by the Federal Court is inconsistent with the policy intent of the PM(NOC) Regulations of allowing the listing of patents that claim one or more, but not all, of the medicinal ingredients contained in an approved combination drug. The policy intent of the PM(NOC) Regulations is reflective of the realities of the drug development process whereby after a medicinal ingredient is patented and a drug with that medicinal ingredient is developed, an innovator may seek to combine the patented medicinal ingredient with other medicinal ingredients to create new, innovative, and efficacious combination drugs without forgoing the benefit of the protections afforded under the PM(NOC) Regulations.
These amendments would restore the intent of the original and amended PM(NOC) Regulations, and clarify ambiguities regarding the listing requirements, as they relate to patents containing a claim for the medicinal ingredient and combination drugs. The amendments also confirm the eligibility requirements as they relate to patents containing a claim for the formulation, while clarifying the requirements with respect to non-medicinal ingredients specified in the claim. The amendments also seek to clarify the eligibility requirements in respect of patents containing a claim for the use of the medicinal ingredient, alone or in combination with other medicinal ingredients, in order to ensure a consistent approach to eligibility under section 4 of the PM(NOC) Regulations.
The desired outcome of the regulatory amendments is limited to amending the PM(NOC) Regulations to capture the original policy intent of the listing requirements and to ensure that patents that were rendered ineligible for listing following the Gilead and ViiV decisions are eligible for listing.
The amendments clarify the eligibility rules for adding to the register a patent containing a claim for the medicinal ingredient, a claim for the formulation and a claim for the use of the medicinal ingredient in relation to a new drug submission.
Specifically, in accordance with the addition of paragraph 4(2.1)(a) of the amended PM(NOC) Regulations, a patent that contains a claim for the medicinal ingredient is eligible for addition to the register with respect to a new drug approved through the issuance of a NOC in respect of the submission that includes that medicinal ingredient, alone or in combination with other medicinal ingredients.
A refined definition of "claim for the formulation" is provided, along with language to clarify that such a claim need not specify the non-medicinal ingredients in the formulation. The amendments are not intended to modify the existing requirement that an eligible claim for the formulation under paragraph 4(2)(b) must contain all the medicinal ingredients in the approved drug.
Furthermore, the amendments clarify that a patent that contains a claim for the formulation is eligible for addition to the patent register if the submission includes the non-medicinal ingredients specified in the claim, whether or not the submission contains additional non-medicinal ingredients. Accordingly, a patent that contains a formulation claim that specifies only the medicinal ingredients is eligible to be listed in respect of a drug containing those medicinal ingredients, regardless of the non-medicinal ingredients in the drug. Conversely, a patent that contains a formulation claim that specifies the non-medicinal ingredients will only be eligible for listing against a drug that contains those non-medicinal ingredients.
Amendments are also made with respect to patents containing a claim for the use of the medicinal ingredient, aligning the policy intent behind the listing eligibility rule for patents claiming a use of the medicinal ingredient with the rule that applies to patents containing a claim for the medicinal ingredient. Accordingly, a patent that contains a claim for the use of the medicinal ingredient is eligible to be added to the register if the submission includes the use claimed in the patent. The submission in respect of which the patent is sought to be listed may include additional medicinal ingredients, or additional uses of the medicinal ingredient. In addition, the drug submission may require the use of the medicinal ingredient in combination with another drug.
The amendments provide for the drug manufacturer whose request to add a patent to the register has been denied on the basis of the Federal Court's interpretation of subsection 4(2) in ViiV or whose patent was removed from the register on the same basis to apply under section 3.2, within 30 days following the making of these Regulations to have the patent added to the register. It is intended that the Regulations, as amended, will apply to the remaining patents on the patent register, even if they were not considered under ViiV. However, the frozen register rule in subsection 5(4) will apply, so a second person filing a submission for an NOC under subsection 5(1) or (2) will not be required to address a patent added to the register in accordance with section 3.2 after the filing date of the second person's submission for an NOC.
In any legal proceeding commenced under section 6 of the PM(NOC) Regulations for an order of prohibition or any motion brought under paragraph 6(5)(a) following the prepublication of these regulatory amendments in the Canada Gazette, Part I, the Court will be required to apply the PM(NOC) Regulations as amended if the matter is still ongoing at the time that the Regulations come into force.
"One-for-One" Rule
The "One-for-One" Rule does not apply to this proposal, as it would not impose any administrative burden on business.
Small business lens
The small business lens does not apply to this proposal, as it would not impose any costs on small business.
Officials from Industry Canada and Health Canada communicated the intent to amend the PM(NOC) Regulations to both associations representing brand and generic manufacturers, and have been in contact with the brand name pharmaceutical manufacturers chiefly affected by changes that would result from the interpretation adopted in the Gilead and ViiV decisions. Publication in the Canada Gazette, Part I, was followed by a 30-day period during which interested members of the public submitted written representations on the proposed amendments. Comments were received and included submissions from both segments of the industry as well as other interested parties. A summary of the comments are as follows:
Gilead Sciences, Inc. expressed support for the proposed Regulations, highlighting that the approach adopted will "obviate in most cases listing challenges caused by the court cases cited in the RIAS."
Canada's Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies (Rx&D), the industry group representing brand-name pharmaceutical companies expressed support for the Government's "quick action to proactively restore the status quo" regarding the listing of patents claiming medicinal ingredients contained in fixed-dose combination drugs. They contend, however, that the "frozen register" rule should not apply; they suggest that paragraph 4(2.1)(a) be amended to specify that it applies to claims for one or more medicinal ingredient; they also submit that the amendments should be expanded to allow patents that contain "a claim for a class of drug" to be added to the register; they seek new amendments to ensure that the eligibility rules also apply in respect of supplemental new drug submissions; finally, they have called for the transitional provisions to apply to all PM(NOC) proceedings pending at the coming into force of the proposed amendments.
Industry groups, including the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and BIOTECanada, applauded Industry Canada's recognition of the issue and its prompt response. They considered that the amendments provide further clarification as to what was intended for listing on the patent register, but suggest that the frozen register rule should not apply.
A number of submissions, especially from patient groups and healthcare practitioners involved in HIV/AIDS research and treatment, highlighted in their submissions the importance of fixed-dose combination drugs in improving "patient adherence to treatment which, in turn reduces the risk of hospitalization at every stage of disease progression" and "is critical to the success of anti-retroviral therapy." Patent protection is, they contend, key to promoting innovation and leads to the development of new drugs that benefit Canadian patients. They support this government initiative which will ensure that patients and the overall Canadian society benefit from the treatment and cost-savings advantages of fixed-dose combination therapies.
A concerned citizen wrote to urge the Government to consider amendments in the context of potential barriers to affordable medication and current health needs of Canadians from all socioeconomic backgrounds, and not only from the perspective of drug development.
The Canadian Generic Pharmaceutical Association expressed a number of concerns with the proposed amendments, advising Industry Canada not to proceed with these amendments. They contend that the proposed changes go beyond the issues addressed in the Gilead and ViiV cases cited above by making changes to eligibility rules for the listing of "claims for the formulation" and "claims for the use of the medicinal ingredient;" they are concerned that subsection 2(2) and paragraph 4(2.1)(b) could remove the requirement for product specificity and potentially allow more patents to be listed on the register. In addition, they argue that paragraphs 4(2.1)(a) and (c) could render listable on the register patents for new medicinal ingredients or uses thereof, in combination with older, unpatentable medicinal ingredients; they argue against the approach adopted in the transitional provisions and the ability for holders of patents delisted or refused for listing on the register on the basis of the Gilead and ViiV decisions to seek relisting; finally, they raise other issues of interest to their membership they would like to see addressed in amendments to the PM(NOC) Regulations.
Response: The objective of these amendments is to restore the policy intent of the original and amended PM(NOC) Regulations and provide listing eligibility rules to be applied by the Minister and courts on a going-forward basis. The amendments address specifically the issues arising from the decisions in Gilead and ViiV cases regarding the listing eligibility of patents for claims to medicinal ingredients and introduce consistent eligibility rules for the listing of "claims for the formulations" and "claims for the use." Other matters relating to the application of the PM(NOC) Regulations may deserve further examination, but are beyond the scope of the amendments made at this time. These amendments and the new rules and definitions they introduce should be read in conjunction with the rest of the PM(NOC) Regulations: the PM(NOC) Regulations address the timing and issuance of a Notice of Compliance with respect to eligible patents listed on the patent register. Where a generic manufacturer or other interested party contests the validity of a patent, they may bring a challenge for the impeachment of the relevant patent.
With respect to the eligibility of a claim for more than one medicinal ingredient in an eligible claim under paragraph 4(2)(a), the term "the" medicinal ingredient has been, in accordance with the Interpretation Act, understood to include both the singular and the plural, which is intended to apply to the eligibility rule in paragraph 4(2.1)(a) of the Regulations as amended.
With respect to a patent containing a claim for the formulation, the amendments provide that a patent that contains a formulation claim that specifies the non-medicinal ingredients will only be eligible for listing against a drug that contains those non-medicinal ingredients. Even though non-medicinal ingredients may not be specified, the use of terms such as "composition" in the claims implies a mixture of both medicinal and non-medicinal ingredients. The amendments are not intended to modify the existing requirement that an eligible claim for the formulation under paragraph 4(2)(b) must contain all the medicinal ingredients in the approved drug, nor to modify the required degree of specificity with respect to a class of medicinal ingredients.
With respect to supplemental new drug submissions made under subsection 4(3) of the Regulations, a court may interpret the particular eligibility criteria under subjection 4(3) in a manner consistent with the rules in subsection 4(2.1). However, in keeping with well settled jurisprudence in respect of this subsection, the amendments are not intended to modify the existing requirement that an eligible claim must include the very change approved in the supplemental new drug submission.
Finally, the transitional provisions were drafted to prevent applications seeking to benefit from the old rules after the amendments were published in the Canada Gazette, Part I. The transitional provision clarifies when the amendments ought to apply to ongoing proceedings under section 6. The amendments and the Regulatory Impact Analysis Statement, as modified following the consultation period, would be considered by courts after the coming into effect of these amendments. A balanced approach was otherwise achieved by providing, on the one hand, an opportunity for patents that were denied listing on these grounds to be reconsidered eligible for listing while maintaining on the other hand the "frozen register rule," so that in keeping with the current requirement, submissions made pursuant to subsections 5(1) and 5(2) of the Regulations would not be required to address patents subsequently added to the patent register.
The stated purpose of the PM(NOC) Regulations is to balance the interests of patent holders with those of generic drug manufacturers by allowing the effective enforcement of patents over new and innovative drugs while allowing the timely entry of their lower-priced generic competitors into the market. Listing patents on the register is perhaps the most important step to allow brand manufacturers to protect their patented drugs, and it also provides generic manufacturers with a comprehensive database of all relevant patents that must be expired before a generic version of a drug can be introduced into the market. The Regulations grant a 24-month stay preventing the Minister of Health from issuing a NOC to allow the marketing of a generic drug until the patents associated with the reference innovative drug have been addressed, either by awaiting patent expiry or being successfully challenged in the Federal Court. Delisting a large number of patents pursuant to the rationale set out by the Federal Court in the Gilead and ViiV decisions would compromise the ability of brand manufacturers to seek protection under the PM(NOC) Regulations for their innovative combination drugs, undermine the balanced interests of brand-name and generic drug producers, and harm consumers, who could be prevented from accessing combination drug products if companies opt to wait until single ingredient drug patents expire before introducing combination drugs to the Canadian market.
Implementation, enforcement and service standards
These amendments do not impose any new requirements; they seek to reaffirm the original policy intent of the PM(NOC) Regulations in respect of listing compound patents against combination drugs on the patent register.
Denis Martel
Marketplace Framework Policy Branch
Industry Canada
235 Queen Street, East Tower, 10th Floor
K1A 0H5
Email: denis.martel@ic.gc.ca
Footnote a
S.C. 2001, c. 10, s. 2(2)
Footnote b
R.S., c. P-4
SOR/93-133
2012 FCA 254
2014 FC 328 and 2014 FC 893
2015 FCA 93
Department and agencies
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text:
Belén de Nosarita is a district of the Nicoya canton, in the Guanacaste province of Costa Rica.

History
Belén de Nosarita was created on 17 June 1994 by Ley 7415.

Geography
Belén de Nosarita has an area of  km² and an elevation of  metres.

Locations
Poblados: Arcos, Balsal, Caimitalito, Cuajiniquil, Cuesta Grande, Chumburán, Juntas, Maquenco, Minas, Miramar Sureste, Naranjal, Naranjalito, Nosarita, Platanillo, Quebrada Bonita, Santa Elena (part), Zaragoza

Demographics

For the 2011 census, Belén de Nosarita had a population of  inhabitants.

Transportation

Road transportation
The district is covered by the following road routes:
 National Route 150

References

Districts of Guanacaste Province
Populated places in Guanacaste Province

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


'Tis the season! Amid potty training and party planning for my little girl's second birthday party, I caught a glimpse of myself and gasped in amazement. Whether you're a twenty-something mom or a seasoned professional, we all are guilty of putting the needs of our families ahead of our own in one way or another. Here are my tips from a toddler mom on getting through the Winter Holidays unscathed!
Skin Savvy. If you're like me, you grew comfortable running a cloth over your face in the shower and calling it a skin regimen. Then one day, you looked up and realized in the same instant that the person you were gawking at with that What's up with her?!? Look was you! Unless you're a sixteen year old mom, you absolutely need a skincare regimen that includes cleansing, toning, moisturizing, masking, exfoliating and steaming. Follow the cleansing ritual daily (twice, preferably) and opt for a day each week to exfoliate or mask. Try and stay away from products that use lots of ingredients that you can't pronounce. My personal favorites are Origins and Carol's Daughter! Since I'm not a huge fan of patchouli ( a woodsy, earthy scent), I use Origins.
Simplify your Routine. A part of the reason I abandoned my makeup routine was because it wasn't simple. After realizing I looked like somebody punched me in the face EVERYDAY!, a trip to the makeup counter uncovered the source of my problem. After trying on bronzers, mineralizers and sparkling shadows, I looked a shiny tired mess! Then the artist used concealer to clean up the shadow job and EUREKA! I bought a tube (and nothing else) and never looked back. For day to day, I opt for a simple routine of tinted moisturizer, concealer and gloss. I may add in a little bronzer and mascara, but your daily face shouldn't take you more than five minutes.
Multi-Tasking Maven. Most mornings for me are filled with sitting silently waiting to hear a tinkle in the toilet from my little potty-training Princess! Most recently, I've taken to using this time to do other things related to getting ready in the mornings like brushing my teeth or brushing my hair. Whether you have a short commute alone to the babysitters or you wake up before anyone else in the house, use your time wisely! Goody Stash. Keep some cards and simple gifts tucked away for those surprise visitors, or those teachers that let you know their birthday is tomorrow. Trust me, it cuts down on the unexpected errands and makes life easier.
Child Chat. Connect with other Moms! One of my favorite parts about talking to Moms who seem to have everything under control is that if you talk long enough, they spill the beans! I had the hardest time getting my kid to eat veggies until one day, her friend's mom told me to pick up some frozen "chik'n bites" that were really veggies stuffed in a little nugget! She loved them! If you aren't comfortable making friends in the grocery store or the airport (like I am), log on to a few forums where you can ease in to the social scene gradually. Build your Brigade! My girlfriend at work has a similar job as mine that requires us to travel. She had the genius idea to alternate late work nights so that we can be each other's babysitters. We're not in this alone, and no one gets to the top without a little help. Lean on those you trust to help out with the baby, especially when you need a break!
Joscelyne is a twenty-something toddler mom who juggles marriage to a law student, work in non-profit philanthropy and an amateur yet fabulous cook!


It's called Hal? Imagine the horror if these had a mind of their own. Gladly there's no Skynet that they're connected to, right? Japan is to build robots to help in disasters. They'll be three types including: exoskeleton outfits that give more strength, assuming that stamina shouldn't be a problem although it's power source is what? Underwater rescue which can aid but that needs to be deployed quickly, and rubble moving in case of another earthquake happens. It's five years out and perhaps it'll really happen. Most of these don't get past the prototype stage.


Has Been Teaching Dogs A Solid Foundation Of Real Life Manners, And Specializing In Behavior Problems Of All Kinds For More Then 20 Years. Steve's custom in-person training is now available in the Coachella Valley / Palm Springs area, as well as in the Hollywood Hills / greater Los Angeles area..
As a Celebrity Dog Trainer, Steve will teach you how to train your dog using gourmet, healthy dog bites (the good kind!) your human family will love! Steve is a master at creative, positive, science-based reward training methods with terrific results and has been training dogs for over 20 years using "dog bites" to correctly train thousands of dogs with lasting results.
The IOO-page recipe section is impressive in its variety, with treats and meals ranging from apple sauce, baked squash, cauliflower with bacon, salmon pate and barbecue oysters to buffalo burgers, chicken soup and mutt meatloaf … Dog Bites is a fun, educational read guaranteed to leave the reader with a broader knowledge than when they started.
Order now to receive the book directly from Steve.
Need help with your dog?Smile… You've found us.
With more than 20 years' experience, Steve Brooks has been teaching dogs a solid foundation of real-life manners as well as solving behavioral problems through positive, Reward-Based Training. Not intimidated by the worst of ingrained bad habits such as: house soiling, barking, chewing, digging, jumping, phobias, aggression, separation anxiety, and many other canine unmentionables, Steve Brooks K9U has turned even the most stubborn dog into a well-behaved member of the family through effective training and mutual respect.
Steve Brooks is a world-renowned Certified Professional Dog Trainer who is passionate about promoting positive, Reward-Based Training and has written a new book, DOG BITES, with tips and techniques for dogs of all breeds and ages. He has also been featured in best-selling books, magazines, and as an expert on CBS, NBC, FOX, Animal Planet, National Geographic, and as an expert in the Blu-ray DVD, Marley and Me. Click here to visit our Media Page!
positive training program for you and your dog.
K9 Fusions Music CD, Real music played by real dogs.
K9 Fusion is a rescue story about relationship, rehabilitation, music, and the rhythm of love. The full-length documentary has debuted at the "American Documentary Festival" in Palm Springs(2013).
Click Here To Watch the Digital version.
This is just one of the many positive comments Los Angeles Dog Trainer Steve Brooks receives on a regular basis from happy clients.


From here on out, my goal is to devote a day of the week to telling you about each kid. Whether it be about the ailments that afflict them or the antics they've cooked up recently. I've decided to be clever and alliterate and make Wednesday = Wild Card Wednesday.
So let's start with why he is the "Wild Card". The nickname really comes from the fact that Stampy and I are big It's Always Sunny fans. Love that show. That Charlie is known as the Wild Card in his antics and it just seemed to fit our Charlie as well. The boy who is always smiley and even tempered, well just wait until we go to a preschool Christmas recital and he will scream his head off. The boy who loves to sit and the table and eat, eat, eat, well just wait until a holiday or special occasion dinner and he will scream his head off. Do you have an old piece of peanut butter toast lying around?? He'll eat that just to add some excitement to our day. Is there a 1/100 chance your urethra will close up after hypospadias surgery? (note: not a real statistic) Charlie will have that going on too so you have to trek to Johns Hopkins Hospital at 11pm ON YOUR BIRTHDAY. He is just all about the unexpected, the element of surprise, and the surprises just keep on coming.
You really just can't help but to smile.
Somehow he makes waking up at 5:30am seem pleasant. He's just that guy. I'm guessing he'll either be voted most likely to end up in the ER or Class Clown in high school. I'm really hoping for the latter because I'm tired of going to the ER. I think 4 times in one's life is enough. But, he's our wild card so I'm sure there will be more in his future.


text:
Submitted by: Jay Edniel C. Olivar 2017-10-10 00:00:00 Last Updated by: Jeverly Ann S. Principe 2017-10-19 09:11:01 Export to PDF
The SRM Project
Establishment of a standard reference material (SRM) herbal DNA barcode library of Blumea balsamifera (sambong) and Ehretia microphylla (tsaang gubat) for quality control measures in the Philippines
The Philippine Department of Health (DOH), as promoted by the Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA) of 1997, recognized ten medicinal plants as effective and alternative sources of medicine. Among the ten, Blumea balsamifera L. (sambong) and Ehretia microphylla Lam. (tsaang-gubat) have gained popularity due to their accessibility and wide availability. In fact, the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) processed 10-15 million tablets derived from sambong and tsaang-gubat yearly. Tsaang-gubat is recognized to cure abdominal pains while sambong is known to cure colds, high blood pressure, difficulty in urination and headache. The traditional usage of both plants was confirmed by several scientific studies. Despite the increasing popularity of E. microphylla and B. balsamifera derived medicinal products in the Philippine market, there exists no standard protocol in assessing their authenticity. This poses a great threat to consumers, as they are not safeguarded from the ill effects of adulteration, contamination, and substitution.
In 2003, Hebert et al. proposed a species authentication system that utilizes a standard region of the genome. This system, termed DNA barcoding, is a reliable tool since genetic information is not affected by external factors. This study, therefore, aims to utilize DNA Barcoding to authenticate B. balsamifera and E. microphylla derived products sold in the Philippine markets. Specifically, this study aims to (1) establish the SRM for sambong (B. balsamifera) and tsaang-gubat (E. microphylla) utilizing ITS, matK, and psbA-trnH datasets and to (2) utilize DNA barcoding in the authentication of sambong and tsaang-gubat herbal products following BLASTn and Maximum-Likelihood Tree reconstruction criteria.
University of Santo Tomas, Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences Private Higher Education Institution - Sectarian NCR
Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology N/A NCR
Jay Edneil C. Olivar Plant Systematics University of Santo Tomas, Research Center for Natural Sciences
In this research the authenticity of sambong and tsaang-gubat herbal products sold in the Philippine market will be tested. Authenticity here is defined as a product containing the accurate starting plant material. Therefore, identity of the plant material will be tested using DNA sequence data as sole evidence.
This study aims to utilize DNA Barcoding to authenticate B. balsamifera and E. microphylla derived products sold in Philippine markets. Specifically, this study aims to (1) establish Standard Reference Material herbal barcode library for sambong (B. balsamifera) and tsaang-gubat (E. microphylla) utilizing ITS, matK, and psbA-trnH datasets and to (2) utilize DNA barcoding in the authentication of sambong and tsaang-gubat herbal products following BLASTn and Maximum-Likelihood Tree reconstruction criteria.
This project aims to stimulate necessary government agencies (e.g., FDA, DOST, and DOH) to include DNA barcoding as a key authentication protocol of herbal products to ensure the safety of Filipino consumers. Translation of the results of this project will be a law to incorporate DNA Barcoding to test the authenticity and effectivity of a herbal product.


text:
Het Volodymyr Boikostadion is een multifunctioneel stadion in Marioepol, een stad in Oekraïne. Het stadion heette tot 2001 Stadion Novator en tussen 2001 en 2018 het Illichivetsstadion.

Het stadion wordt vooral gebruikt voor voetbalwedstrijden, de voetbalclub FK Marioepol maakt gebruik van dit stadion. Ook het nationale vrouwenteam van Oekraïne speelt hier regelmatig interlands. Het stadion werd ook gebruikt voor het Europees kampioenschap voetbal mannen onder 19 van 2009. Er werden drie groepswedstrijden gespeeld en een halve finale.

In het stadion is plaats voor 12.680 toeschouwers. Het stadion werd geopend in 1956 en gerenoveerd in 2001.

Voetbalstadion in Oekraïne
Marioepol


Religious Corporations – Checklist of Information Necessary. Click here to download.
Where are services currently performed after the sale is completed?
Is the Corporation purchasing another property with the proceeds?
Does the Religious Corporation own other real property?
What are the properties used for?
How do you plan to use the proceeds of the sale?
Do you have a recent Appraisal?
Do you have audited Financials for the last 2 years?
Is there a mortgage on the premises?
Do you have a 501(c)(3) tax exemption?
How many Trustees/Elders/Board Members do you have?


With Halloween approaching, the team here at Bluestorm thought it was the perfect time to start trick or treating.
So, to mark the upcoming celebrations this Friday, we teamed up with The Lincoln Cake Company to offer one lucky person the chance to win a frightfully delicious cake – the perfect Halloween treat! The draw was held this morning and the winner was Geof Brooke, of Brooke Ceramics – well done, Geof! We hope you enjoy it!
We've excitedly been working behind the scenes on The Lincoln Cake Company's funky new branding and website over the past couple of months. They provide a full range of cakes – from rich, ripened fruit cake with brandy, to dark chocolate, vanilla, lemon and many more flavours.


Leigh Rubin, famous cartoonist and author will be taking questions, showing comics and teaching you how to draw a cow. Join him for all of the fun on October 11, 2017 at UW Fox Valley Communication Arts Center, Room 1229 at 6:00 pm. Insiders pay just $5.00 for this hilarious, entertaining event!
$5.00 per Insider. Limit 2 seats per subscriber household. Limited seats available.


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Using Go as a scripting language in Linux

 by 夏泽民 <time datetime="2020-04-20T00:00:00+08:00" itemprop="datePublished"> Apr 20, 2020</time>

https://dev.to/ignatk/using-go-as-a-scripting-language-in-linux-4c8c

This is a repost of my post from the Cloudflare Blog

At Cloudflare we like Go. We use it in many in-house software projects as well as parts of bigger pipeline systems. But can we take Go to the next level and use it as a scripting language for our favourite operating system, Linux?

gopher and tux

gopher image CC BY 3.0 Renee French

Tux image CC0 BY OpenClipart-Vectors

Why consider Go as a scripting language

Short answer: why not? Go is relatively easy to learn, not too verbose and there is a huge ecosystem of libraries which can be reused to avoid writing all the code from scratch. Some other potential advantages it might bring:

Go-based build system for your Go project: go build command is mostly suitable for small, self-contained projects. More complex projects usually adopt some build system/set of scripts. Why not have these scripts written in Go then as well?

Easy non-privileged package management out of the box: if you want to use a third-party library in your script, you can simply go get it. And because the code will be installed in your GOPATH, getting a third-party library does not require administrative privileges on the system (unlike some other scripting languages). This is especially useful in large corporate environments.

Quick code prototyping on early project stages: when you're writing the first iteration of the code, it usually takes a lot of edits even to make it compile and you have to waste a lot of keystrokes on "edit->build->check" cycle. Instead you can skip the "build" part and just immediately execute your source file.

Strongly-typed scripting language: if you make a small typo somewhere in the middle of the script, most scripts will execute everything up to that point and fail on the typo itself. This might leave your system in an inconsistent state. With strongly-typed languages many typos can be caught at compile time, so the buggy script will not run in the first place.

Current state of Go scripting

At first glance Go scripts seem easy to implement with Unix support of shebang lines for scripts. A shebang line is the first line of the script, which starts with #! and specifies the script interpreter to be used to execute the script (for example, #!/bin/bash or #!/usr/bin/env python), so the system knows exactly how to execute the script regardless of the programming language used. And Go already supports interpreter-like invocation for .go files with go run command, so it should be just a matter of adding a proper shebang line, something like #!/usr/bin/env go run, to any .go file, setting the executable bit and we're good to go.

However, there are problems around using go run directly. This great post describes in detail all the issues around go run and potential workarounds, but the gist is:

go run does not properly return the script error code back to the operating system and this is important for scripts, because error codes are one of the most common ways multiple scripts interact with each other and the operating system environment.

you can't have a shebang line in a valid .go file, because Go does not know how to process lines starting with #. Other scripting languages do not have this problem, because for most of them # is a way to specify comments, so the final interpreter just ignores the shebang line, but Go comments start with // and go run on invocation will just produce an error like:

package main:

helloscript.go:1:1: illegal character U+0023 '#'

The post describes several workarounds for above issues including using a custom wrapper program gorun as an interpreter, but all of them do not provide an ideal solution. You either:

have to use non-standard shebang line, which starts with //. This is technically not even a shebang line, but the way how bash shell processes executable text files, so this solution is bash specific. Also, because of the specific behaviour of go run, this line is rather complex and not obvious (see original post for examples).

have to use a custom wrapper program gorun in the shebang line, which works well, however, you end up with .go files, which are not compilable with standard go build command because of the illegal # character.

How Linux executes files

OK, it seems the shebang approach does not provide us with an all-rounder solution. Is there anything else we could use? Let's take a closer look how Linux kernel executes binaries in the first place. When you try to execute a binary/script (or any file for that matter which has executable bit set), your shell in the end will just use Linux execve system call passing it the filesystem path of the binary in question, command line parameters and currently defined environment variables. Then the kernel is responsible for correct parsing of the file and creating a new process with the code from the file. Most of us know that Linux (and many other Unix-like operating systems) use ELF binary format for its executables.

However, one of the core principles of Linux kernel development is to avoid "vendor/format lock-in" for any subsystem, which is part of the kernel. Therefore, Linux implements a "pluggable" system, which allows any binary format to be supported by the kernel - all you have to do is to write a correct module, which can parse the format of your choosing. And if you take a closer look at the kernel source code, you'll see that Linux supports more binary formats out of the box. For example, for the recent 4.14 Linux kernel we can see that it supports at least 7 binary formats (in-tree modules for various binary formats usually have binfmt_ prefix in their names). It is worth to note the binfmt_script module, which is responsible for parsing above mentioned shebang lines and executing scripts on the target system (not everyone knows that the shebang support is actually implemented in the kernel itself and not in the shell or other daemon/process).

Extending supported binary formats from userspace

But since we concluded that shebang is not the best option for our Go scripting, seems we need something else. Surprisingly Linux kernel already has a "something else" binary support module, which has an appropriate name binfmt_misc. The module allows an administrator to dynamically add support for various executable formats directly from userspace through a well-defined procfs interface and is well-documented.

Let's follow the documentation and try to setup a binary format description for .go files. First of all the guide tells you to mount special binfmt_misc filesystem to /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc. If you're using relatively recent systemd-based Linux distribution, it is highly likely the filesystem is already mounted for you, because systemd by default installs special mount and automount units for this purpose. To double-check just run:

$ mount | grep binfmt_misc

systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=27,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)

Another way is to check if you have any files in /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc: properly mounted binfmt_misc filesystem will create at least two special files with names register and status in that directory.

Next, since we do want our .go scripts to be able to properly pass the exit code to the operating system, we need the custom gorun wrapper as our "interpreter":

$ go get github.com/erning/gorun

$ sudo mv ~/go/bin/gorun /usr/local/bin/

Technically we don't need to move gorun to /usr/local/bin or any other system path as binfmt_misc requires full path to the interpreter anyway, but the system may run this executable with arbitrary privileges, so it is a good idea to limit access to the file from security perspective.

At this point let's create a simple toy Go script helloscript.go and verify we can successfully "interpret" it. The script:

package main

import (

    "fmt"

    "os"

)

func main() {

    s := "world"

if len(os.Args) > 1 {

    s = os.Args[1]

}

fmt.Printf("Hello, %v!", s)

fmt.Println("")

if s == "fail" {

    os.Exit(30)

} } Checking if parameter passing and error handling works as intended: $ gorun helloscript.go Hello, world! $ echo $? 0 $ gorun helloscript.go gopher Hello, gopher! $ echo $? 0 $ gorun helloscript.go fail Hello, fail! $ echo $? 30 Now we need to tell binfmt_misc module how to execute our .go files with gorun. Following the documentation we need this configuration string: :golang:E::go::/usr/local/bin/gorun:OC, which basically tells the system: "if you encounter an executable file with .go extension, please, execute it with /usr/local/bin/gorun interpreter". The OC flags at the end of the string make sure, that the script will be executed according to the owner information and permission bits set on the script itself, and not the ones set on the interpreter binary. This makes Go script execution behaviour same as the rest of the executables and scripts in Linux.

Let's register our new Go script binary format:

$ echo ':golang:E::go::/usr/local/bin/gorun:OC' | sudo tee /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register

:golang:E::go::/usr/local/bin/gorun:OC

If the system successfully registered the format, a new file golang should appear under /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc directory. Finally, we can natively execute our .go files:

$ chmod u+x helloscript.go

$ ./helloscript.go

Hello, world!

$ ./helloscript.go gopher

Hello, gopher!

$ ./helloscript.go fail

Hello, fail!

$ echo $?

30

That's it! Now we can edit helloscript.go to our liking and see the changes will be immediately visible the next time the file is executed. Moreover, unlike the previous shebang approach, we can compile this file any time into a real executable with go build.

                Category golang

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text:
6294 Browntown Rd.
Front Royal, VA 22630
Montessori Primary
Lower Elementary
Pre-Grammar School
The Studium
Saint John Chrysostom has said, "What greater work is there than training the mind and forming the habits of the young?"
With this is in mind, we hold with the Church that
"…education consists essentially in preparing man for what he must be and for what he must do here below, in order to attain the sublime end for which he was created, it is clear that there can be no true education which is not wholly directed to man's last end, and that in the present order of Providence, since God has revealed Himself to us in the Person of His Only Begotten Son, who alone is 'the way, the truth and the life,' there can be no ideally perfect education which is not Christian education." — Pope Pius XI Encyclical on Christian Education
Thus, it is our mission to use the means of our educational endeavors to achieve the end of a closer encounter with the Person of Christ.
We believe that parents are the primary educators of their children and as such our goal is to support families in their God-given charge by working with and in service to them.
We believe that community in the service of one another is an essential component of our Christian calling, that "Love of neighbour, grounded in the love of God, is first and foremost a responsibility for each individual member of the faithful, but it is also a responsibility for the entire ecclesial community at every level: from the local community to the particular Church and to the Church universal in its entirety. As a community, the Church must practise love." — Pope Benedict XVI Encyclical on Christian Love
As a creature of body and soul, we believe man can best flourish when his work involves both his hands and his intellect. If his heart is formed to seek truth and beauty, man's appreciation of nature and his labor in art, music, agriculture and other practical arts can be a means of raising his soul to Heaven. It is thereby our mission to introduce these pursuits to the child. "All spiritual life begins with a sense of wonder, and nature is a window into that wonder." — Richard Louv
We believe that our responsibility to children and to childhood is great, that, "… humanity which is revealed in all its intellectual splendor during the sweet and tender age of childhood should be respected with a kind of religious veneration. It is like the sun which appears at dawn or a flower just beginning to bloom. Education cannot be effective unless it helps a child to open up himself to life." — Maria Montessori
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Just a reminder that our July break is coming to an end.
Our first practice back will be August 7.
It is EXTREMELY important that EVERYONE attend ALL practices! We will need to work VERY HARD to prepare for that first game.
SEE YOU ALL AT THE FIELD AUGUST 7!