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Vaccinations|Advice| Find a Travel Clinic
Corporate Executive Team
Destination Advice
Tips and recommendations for healthy travel to any destination:
St. Pierre-et-Miquelon
Travel Medical Services
Travel Health Consultations
Travellers' Diarrhea Kits
Dengue Fever Prevention
Malaria Prevention
Chikungunya Prevention
Zika Prevention
Additional Travel Services
Physician Referral Program
Why Should I Use a Travel Medicine Specialist?
Hepatitis A/B
Hepatitis A/Typhoid
Measles-Mumps-Rubella
Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis
Tickborne Encephalitis (TBE)
Routine Vaccinations (UK)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Influenza (Flu) Vaccination
High Dose Flu Vaccine for Seniors
Euston London Travel Clinic
We'll help keep you safe at home or abroad. Book your visit online today!
Typhoid Vaccination for International Travel
What Is Typhoid Fever?
Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection transmitted by ingesting food and water that is contaminated with Salmonella typhi. It typically occurs in developing countries in South Asia and can be fatal in up to 10% of cases in low income regions. Humans are the sole carriers of the bacteria, and conditions such as poor sanitation, overcrowding, and trade and population movements can lead to an increased spread of the infection.
The symptoms of typhoid fever usually come on six to 30 days following exposure, and can range from high fever to abdominal pain and headaches. There are a number of first-line antibiotics to treat typhoid fever, including ceftriaxone. Unfortunately resistance to these antibiotics has become an issue, especially in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
The best method to prevent contraction of typhoid is through vaccination, private hygiene, better hand washing techniques, and precautionary measures taken when preparing food and drinking water.
What Is the Typhoid Vaccine?
There are two types of vaccines recommended to prevent typhoid fever. One is an oral vaccine which involves capsule pills taken over the course of four doses. The other option is through injectable typhoid vaccines. One of those injectable vaccines is a combined vaccination to protect from both typhoid fever and hepatitis A.
Reaction to typhoid vaccinations are generally mild, and serious harm and side effects are rare. The injectable vaccines may cause minor pain and swelling at the injection site and approximately one to six percent of people can experience headaches, fever, rash, or diarrhoea.
The length of protection varies based on the vaccination method you choose. The oral vaccine is effective for seven years, and the injectable vaccines require a booster jab every three years.
A typhoid vaccine can prevent up to 70% of cases. Protection against the infection will come on one to two weeks after vaccination, so it is recommended you see your Passport Health Travel Medicine Specialist a month prior to departure.
Where Does Typhoid Fever occur?
Destination of travel is the strongest predictor of typhoid risk. The highest risk area is South Asia, where the NHS estimates one in 3,000 travellers may develop typhoid fever. There is an intermediate risk for travellers to sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, the Middle East, and South America.
The NHS defines South Asia as Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Amongst those countries, the majority of typhoid cases were reported in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
For more information about the typhoid vaccine or any other travel vaccines, schedule an appointment with your local Passport Health travel medicine clinic.
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JM Kahk and BH Tan and CD Ohl and ND Loh, PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS, 20, 19877-19884 (2018).
Strong electric fields are known to greatly accelerate the freezing of water in molecular dynamics simulations, and have also been shown to affect the thermodynamics of the phase transition. In this work, a mechanistic explanation for field-induced crystallization of water is presented. Due to the coupling between the rotational and the translational degrees of freedom of individual water molecules, an applied field can directly drive the formation of cubic-ice like local motifs in water. Analysis of the angular distributions of water molecules in TIP4P-2005 water at field strengths between 0.0 and 0.32 V angstrom(-1) demonstrates the existence of such motifs in the field- aligned liquid phase that is observed prior to the onset of the freezing transition. The dynamic properties of this field-aligned liquid phase are also studied, and its viscosity is shown to be within a factor of two of that of regular liquid water using the Green-Kubo method as well as mean squared displacements. The choice between the NPT and the NVT ensembles is shown to have a strong impact on the evolution of molecular dynamics trajectories at field strengths close to the threshold for the freezing transition, and the importance of properly accounting for the electric field terms in the pressure virial is emphasized.


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- Eastern Religions
- Christianity
- Judaism
- Quakerism
- Sufism
Category: Religion -> Eastern Religions
Netton, Ian Richard
A Popular Dictionary of Islam (Popular Dictionaries of Religion)
Previous owner's bookplate inside cover.
The Curzon Press, 1997, Paperback, Book Condition: Good, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. Revised Edition. . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
The Curzon Press, 1997, Paperback, Book Condition: Very Good, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. Revised Edition. . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Beyond Psychology: Talks In Uruguay
Sadhna Foundations, Pune, 2005, Cloth, Book Condition: Good, Jacket Condition: Good. Second Edition. . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Thompson, Laurence G.
Chinese Religion an Introduction
Previous owner's signature on ffep.163pp.
Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1979, Paperback, Book Condition: Good, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. Third Edition. . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Grand Ayatullah as - Sayed Muhammad Hussain Fadhlullah
Clear guide to Islamic rulings: Al-Fatawa al-wadiha : a manual of Islamic practice
Dar Almalak, 2001, Paperback, Book Condition: Very Good, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. . . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Israeli, Raphael
Islamic Radicalism and Political Violence: The Templars of Islam and Sheikh Ra'id Salah
175pp.
Vallentine Mitchell, 2008, Paperback, Book Condition: Fine, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. . . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Bonney, Richard
Jihad: From Qu'ran to Bin Laden
Book is in Very Good condition but for small stain to base of ffep.and slight staining to reverse of d/j base.Book contents unaffected.
Palgrave MacMillan, 2004, Cloth, Book Condition: Good, Jacket Condition: Good. First Edition. . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Banerjee,Sumanta
Logic in a Popular Form Essays on Popular Religion in Bengal
Taking its title from Karl Marx's description of religion as 'the general theory of this world...[and] its logic in a popular form', this volume of essays explores the hidden logic behind the popular construction of certain myths, beliefs about godlings and spirits, and cross-religious cults, viewing them as popular inventions attempting to make sense of human existence in the face of an overwhelming and often hostile environment. These religious manifestations of popular logic are fluid, ever-changing, and always innovative. They represent an alternative stream running parallel to, and often challenging, the more strictly structured beliefs and practices of the Indian religious establishments, whether Hindu, Islamic or Christian. The essays in this book are an attempt to rediscover some of the important aspects of this multi-faceted phenomenon of popular religion in the context of nineteenth-century Bengal, including tracing the impact of urbanisation, colonialism, and nationalism. 233pp.Tail of spine dented ,slight marking to boards,corners bumped.
Seagull Books, 2002, Cloth, Book Condition: Good, Jacket Condition: Good. . . 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Jensen, Lionel M.
Manufacturing Confucianism : Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilization
Could it be that the familiar and beloved figure of Confucius was invented by Jesuit priests? In "Manufacturing Confucianism", Lionel M. Jensen reveals this very fact, demonstrating how sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Western missionaries used translations of the ancient ru tradition to invent the presumably historical figure who has since been globally celebrated as philosopher, prophet, statesman, wise man, and saint.Tracing the history of the Jesuits' invention of Confucius and of themselves as native defenders of Confucius' teaching, Jensen reconstructs the cultural consequences of the encounter between the West and China. For the West, a principal outcome of this encounter was the reconciliation of empirical investigation and theology on the eve of the scientific revolution. Jensen also explains how Chinese intellectuals in the early twentieth century fashioned a new cosmopolitan Chinese culture through reliance on the Jesuits' Confucius and Confucianism.Challenging both previous scholarship and widespread belief, Jensen uses European letters and memoirs, Christian histories and catechisms written in Chinese, translations and commentaries on the Sishu, and a Latin summary of Chinese culture known as the Confucius Sinarum Philosophus to argue that the national self-consciousness of Europe and China was bred from a cultural ecumenism wherein both were equal contributors. "Manufacturing Confucianism" will have a major impact on studies of China, comparative literature, post colonialism, and Asian religions. For its insights into the history of modern Chinese nationalism, this path breaking study will also engage readers interested in contemporary Chinese affairs. 444pp. N.B. Previous owners inscription to half title page. Corners slightly creased.
Duke University Press, 1997, Paperback, Book Condition: Very Good, Jacket Condition: No d/j as Published. First Edition. Heavy Item Postage Quote. 8vo - over 7¾" - 9¾" tall.
Menen, Aubrey
New Mystics
Previous owner's small bookplate on front pastedown.
Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1974, Cloth, Book Condition: Good, Jacket Condition: Good. First Edition. . 4to - over 9¾" - 12" tall.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Schlittbach ist ein geographischer Name:

 Schlittbach (Wessobrunn), Einöde in der Gemarkung Forst der Gemeinde Wessobrunn, Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau, Bayern

 Schlittbach (Rott), linker Zufluss der Rott (zur Amper) nach dem Zellsee, Gemeinde Wessobrunn, Landkreis Weilheim-Schongau, Bayern

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We are stopping off en-route to Prague for two hours. Is there a suitable restaurant the Geneva Airport for lunch in this time slot?
There are many restaurants at the Geneva Airport. The official airport website has a list. Now sure how practical eating at one will be. It all depends where you arrive and how easy the access is.


LONDON, July 17 (Reuters) - Euro zone government bond yields inched down on Tuesday, with trade largely subdued ahead of a testimony by Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell to Congress.
Solid U.S. retail sales data on Monday had pushed U.S. and European bond yields higher as markets bet that a strong economy would keep the Fed on the path of raising interest rates.
But there was calmer tone to markets on Tuesday, reflecting a reluctance by investors to push yields any higher ahead of the first leg of Powell's two-day testimony.
Powell is expected to express confidence in the U.S. economy and affirm the Fed's gradual approach to raising short-term interest rates, while analysts said they will also be watching closely any comments on the impact of trade tensions and the marked flattening of the U.S. Treasury curve.
The Fed's rate-hike campaign has stoked worries that short-term yields would eventually rise above long-dated yields, causing the yield curve to invert. An inverted yield curve has preceded the past five U.S. recessions.
"The main message will be that the Fed remains on course to hike rates further, which is discounted by markets," said KBC rates strategist Mathias van der Jeugt.
Ten-year bond yields across the euro area were down 0.5 to 2 basis points on the day, with southern European bonds outperforming.
Italy's 10-year bond yield fell 2 bps to 2.56 percent , pushing the gap over German Bund yields to its tightest in almost four weeks.
Germany is scheduled to sell 3 billion euros of two-year government bonds on Tuesday in the first of this week's hefty bond supply.
According to Commerzbank, supply from the euro zone issuers this week will total around 17 billion euros.


There are many websites, books and apps to help learner drivers. We've provided links to some of the key resources here.
The official range of Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency (DVSA) materials has been developed with education in mind. Rather than just teaching learners how to pass the test, the official products focus on providing the background information that learners need in order to become thoughtful, safe and confident drivers for life. Whatever their learning style, your pupils will find the right product to suit them.
As a driving instructor, you're entitled to a discount when you order directly from the publisher (TSO). Give us a call on 0333 202 5070 to find out more.


Food or non-food products, hard-ware, granular and technical products - the vacuum packaging machines of Kopp Verpackungssysteme show the advantages of vacuum packed goods.
Better durability (corrosion prevention) during transport and storage.
Suitable for thermoplastic films such as PA/PE as well as thin qualities of aluminium barrier films.
The program comprises different models, so that for all demands in food and non-food industry the best suited machine is available.
Perfectly suited to wrap electronical parts and units, which have to be wrapped with as little oxygen as possible.
Sealing and vacuum time can be adjusted on each product and material.
Vacuum-control with the help of sensors for many vacuum chambers available.


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Strengthen the Future of Your ERP
Sebastian Grady
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is projected to make up roughly 15% of total IT spending in 2022 — a significant amount of money. Organizations that don't manage their ERP systems right risk falling short of their ROI goals.
The challenge with ERP systems is there is no one-size-fits-all solution that works for every organization. Unlike customer relationship management (CRM) and human capital management (HCM) functionality that can be relatively easy and straightforward to manage, functions such as manufacturing, supply chain, distribution, and operations are far more complex.
Three Keys to ERP Success
Organizations looking to optimize their ERP for the future are best served by embracing application rationalization strategies, sound application management practices, and modernizing their approach to security:
Application rationalization. Some organizations have thousands of software products, customizations, and interfaces in their application portfolio. These mounds of software and permutations and combinations of interfaces/customizations can build over time to create a seemingly uncontrollable mess. Organizations can simplify ERP management by reviewing all applications across the business to decide which should be kept, which should be killed, which should be replaced, and which should be consolidated. If your organization has 1,000 or more applications on hand, a reasonable goal would be to get that number down to 200 – 100 that are already in use and 100 new "best-of-breed" apps that meet as many business needs as possible, allowing your organization to modernize and go digital. Without application rationalization, CIOs must deal with an increasingly unmanageable web that's inefficient and costly.
Effective applications management. The next step is figuring out how to effectively manage the new application landscape. A solid foundation of application management services (AMS) can reduce the number of incidents and outages that occur each year and lead to root-cause analysis and prevent issues from reoccurring.
One of North America's largest utility companies experienced roughly 6,000 new IT incidents the year that Rimini Street started working with them. After setting the organization up with a strategic combination of IT support and AMS, it was able to cut its number of incidents down by approximately one-third in just the first year. That freed up resources (time, money, and talent) to invest in other projects that helped move the business forward.
Get real about security. Tech professionals understand that it's not a matter of if systems will be compromised, but when. Major ERP providers typically offer support for their own code and only for "known" vulnerabilities that have been identified but have probably existed in the software for years. Combine that with unknown vulnerabilities and an organization's own custom code vulnerabilities, and the risks are very real.
IT security that's 100% foolproof may be a myth, but zero day protection against both known and unknown vulnerabilities and a zero trust security posture can provide the best options for businesses to protect themselves.
It's undoubtedly true that businesses have varying goals and needs that require varying solutions. But the three pillars discussed here provide a consistent approach to optimize your ERP for the future.
*By Sebastian Grady, president at Rimini Street
Read: What are Unified Support Services and How Do They Improve IT Outcomes?
Watch: How Hybrid Should You Go? Strategies to Build Your Hybrid IT Solutions
Solution: 6 Best Practices for Hybrid IT Environment Success
How to Overcome the 7 Toughest Multi-Cloud Challenges
Create Competitive Advantage with Unified Software Services
Unified Support Services Help IT Keep Pace with the Business


What Is Free VPK And Why Is It Essential For Children?
It is so important in today's world to give your children what they need to be successful…and our free VPK (Voluntary Prekindergarten) program goes a long way to making sure that your kids are ready to start school next year. It is a free program for all four-year-olds, and will help prepare your children for school by getting them used to being in a learning environment.
The free VPK program is for all four-year old children born on or before September 1 and it includes an age-appropriate curriculum that focuses on early literacy. The manageable class sizes will ensure your children get the attention they deserve and all instructors are qualified and experienced.
Free VPK is essential for preparing your children for school and starting kindergarten the next year, as it gives them a jumpstart by enhancing their pre-reading and pre-math skills, as well as helping to develop their language and social skills. If you work towards helping develop the skills that your children need in order to become successful at reading and learning, then they will have a much more enjoyable, beneficial schooling experience as they get older.
This valuable free VPK program, offer at the Parkland Children's Academy, means your children are eligible for one of the free programs offered. Our school year program includes 540 instructional hours.
This program helps to increase children's enthusiasm for school and for learning, and will prepare them in all ways – intellectually, emotionally and socially – for starting school. Take advantage of this free VPK program and let's work towards giving your children the education they deserve.
Let us help you build a foundation for your children's educational success. Enroll in the free VPK program at the Parkland Children's Academy and partner with us to make sure your child has the necessary skills needed for academic success.


This entry was posted in Adventure, Art, God, Poetry, Writing and tagged 2013, Art and Life, CS Lewis, Faith, Light, Love, night, photo, Photography, poetry, quote, Writing. Bookmark the permalink.
Mark, this is beautiful! Such powerful words 🙂 Love how you displayed this one!
Thanks Sharla! Just thinking a lot lately about how we often hide our true selves for whatever reason and this is what came out!
Lyrical, touching, profound, and the art completes the picture.


Early-stage investor 500 Startups has kicked off its 2016 Distro Dojo season with the first session taking place in London, England. Today the accelerator and venture capital firm announced the six startups it'll be working with to scale their business. The companies are Fy, Bidvine, Click Mechanic, Bizimply, Rock Pamper Scissors, and StoreMaven.
In December, 500 Startups announced it would begin accepting applications for the three-month post-seed startup program called Distro Dojo. The firm has scheduled 10 sessions this year, with each one held in a different location and the first being in London. While up to 10 companies could have been selected, it appears that the first time around, the incubator opted to go with six.
The selection is "geographically agnostic," said Matt Lerner, 500 Startups program head in the United Kingdom. But the chosen ones have to answer certain questions: Are they businesses that the firm will want to invest in? Are they "growth hackable"? Can 500 Startups help them scale their growth and win?
If you're looking for a common theme among the six companies, it'll be difficult to find. Lerner said that there wasn't one theme chosen for this batch, but remarked that three of them — Bidvine, Click Mechanic, and Rock Pamper Scissors — operate in the business-to-consumer (B2C) service-economy space. Additionally, with the exception of StoreMaven, all of the selected startups are headquartered in London.
Fy: The app offers a curated set of fashion-forward accessories for the modern female consumer. Fy's founder Thomas Beverly was once a mentor at 500 Startups teaching about customer acquisition. The firm became interested in his latest startup and wanted to learn more. "He's a very strong marketer in areas, but the business needed help selling business-to-business (B2B) and other parts," said Lerner.
Bidvine: Promoted as "Thumbtack for the U.K.," Bidvine is a way for you to hire local professionals. Lerner felt that the company had a strong founder, and since the Thumbtack model works in the United States, 500 Startups felt it could do the same in the U.K.
Click Mechanic: Offering a way for you to get your car fixed at your home or office, Click Mechanic's team had a background in the automotive industry, which was appealing to 500 Startups. Lerner said the company had "exactly the right person, team, and business model." It's a popular business, he explained.
Bizimply: An online workforce management tool for businesses with hourly employees, its success at last year's Dublin Web Summit caught the attention of 500 Startups. Lerner's background is in software as a service (SaaS), and so he has an understanding of what you can and can't sell to small to medium-sized businesses. The company is looking for ways to further scale their business.
Rock Pamper Scissors: An instant booking app for haircuts, waxing, beauty, and spa treatments, Rock Pamper Scissors helps you find local hairdressers and salons in the U.K. Lerner believes that this company has something that lets them take something that wasn't working and made it better.
StoreMaven: An Israel-based company, StoreMaven is focused on helping businesses optimize their app store conversion rates, A/B testing, analytics, and design. Lerner said that 500 Startups had been talking to StoreMaven for some time and was impressed by the traction it had with early customers. Lerner admitted that while the business was perfect for the Distro Dojo, he also wants to learn from StoreMaven.
After three months, each startup will pitch itself in front of investors who can fund their series A round. The objective is to show that there is traction, a potential for that company to be a big business, the growth machine to get them there, and more.
Each company receives up to $250,000 in funding from 500 Startups for participating in the Distro Dojo.


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Q: How do I combine a ListPlot and a Magnitude BodePlot I have frequency response data from a lab test.  I can make a ListPlot of the data.  I have theoretical frequency response plotted as a BodePlot. I want to combine (overlay) the lab data on the magnitude BodePlot.  How is that done?
Thanks.

A: Say you have two sets of Data therefore two Plots:
tfm = TransferFunctionModel[(s + 0.25)/(s^2 + s + 1), s]
bdP = BodePlot[tfm, PlotLayout -> "Magnitude"]

lp2 = LogPlot[x^x, {x, 0, 5}, PlotStyle -> Red]

and you can combine both Plots with Show
Show[bdP, lp2]

Read carefully: BodePlot-Details and Options

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Perfect choice for many different occasions.
Perfect choice for many different occasions. Printed on a beautiful stock, they feature Felix's watercolor drawings, his handwritten font, and witty sayings that are positively charming.


Gay Univision Host Fired Over Planet Of The Apes Comment About First Lady - Joe.My.God.
Openly gay Univision TV host Rodner Figueroa was fired yesterday immediately after comparing Michelle Obama to a cast member of Planet Of The Apes during a live broadcast.
The Emmy-winning host was dismissed over the racist remark said during his live segment on the entertainment news show "El Gordo Y La Flaca," HuffPost Voces first reported. Univision confirmed the news via e-mail earlier today. Figueroa's comment came while talking about make-up artist Paolo Ballesteros' viral undertaking of transforming himself into female celebrities. The fashionista, known for his critical "Fashion Police"-style remarks, analyzed Ballesteros' transformation for Michelle Obama with an original photo of the first lady beside it. "Mind you, you know that Michelle Obama looks like she's part of the cast of "Planet of the Apes," the film," Figueroa said. Host Raúl de Molina attempted to counter the comment saying he thought Obama was very attractive. The show aired live on the East Coast and was edited for the West Coast.


3.—(1) Section 372 of the Insolvency Act 1986(1) is amended in accordance with paragraphs (2) and (3).
(f)a supply of goods or services mentioned in subsection (4A) by a person who carries on a business which includes giving such supplies, where the supply is for the purpose of enabling or facilitating anything to be done by electronic means.".
(4) Until the commencement of section 1 of the Water Act 2014, paragraph (ca) of section 372(4) of the Insolvency Act 1986 (as inserted by paragraph (2)(c)) is to be read as if for the words "water supply licensee" there were substituted the words "licensed water supplier".
Section 372(4) was amended by paragraph 78 of Schedule 25 to the Water Act 1989 (c. 15), paragraph 14 of Schedule 4 to the Gas Act 1995 (c. 45), paragraph 47 of Schedule 6 to the Utilities Act 2000 (c. 27), paragraph 82 of Schedule 17 to the Communications Act 2003 (c. 21).


Creative Digital Media Apprentice - Could That Be You?
2013 Wirehive Digital Agency Awards, Can We Win?
Get Yourself A Superhero Portrait!
We Might Be a Full-Service Digital Agency But You Might Find Us Using "Web Design Surrey"
Will Google's New Inbox Help Or Hinder Email Marketing?
Will SMS Be Killed By New Instant Messenger Apps?


text:
Les Brûlés constituent l'un des 7 clans qui forment la tribu Lakota (teton). Ils s'appellent eux-mêmes Sichangu (« Cuisses Brûlées »).

Les Brûlés vivent actuellement pour la plupart dans les réserves de Rosebud et  (Dakota du Sud). Ils se sont reconvertis dans les jeux de hasard (Lower Brule Sioux Tribe Golden Buffalo Casino), l'agro-alimentaire (le premier producteur de pop-corn du pays est le Lower Brule Farm Corp.) et le tourisme.

Ethnonymie
Le nom des Brûlés aurait pour origine un incident survenu lors de leur migration du Mississippi au Missouri dans les années 1760. Au cours d'un incendie de prairie, la plupart des Sioux de cette bande eurent les jambes grièvement brûlées et furent par la suite appelés Sichangu (« Cuisses Brûlées »). Les marchands français de la région les nommèrent alors Brûlés.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .

Lakotas


Opening statements are slated for this morning in the retrial of a federal excessive-force case against a Springfield police officer who in April 2002 reported to the home of a mentally ill man and was involved in a confrontation that led to the man's death.
Andrew Sallenger, 35, had been off his medication for an extended period when he began acting strangely. His family left their home on Eastdale Avenue and called police from a nearby convenience store. When the three officers got to the house, they said Sallenger fought with them.
In October, a jury cleared two of the three officers — Brian Oakes and now-retired Sgt. James Zimmerman — but did not return a verdict in regard to officer Jason Oliver.
The jury deliberated 131/2 hours before coming to that conclusion. The trial starting today will deal only with the charges Sallenger's family has filed against Oliver.
When Oakes, Oliver and Zimmerman arrived, they found Sallenger in his room naked and muttering to himself. He moved aggressively toward the officers, they said, and a tussle broke out.
Police tried several things to bring Sallenger under control, including hitting him with their closed fists and with a flashlight and immobilizing him with handcuffs and a hobble (hog-tying device).
At the end of the struggle, Sallenger quit breathing. He died about 24 hours later.
The doctor who performed the autopsy on Sallenger said he died of excited delirium, or a state in which he became so agitated that his heart stopped. Dr. Kent Harshbarger said there were no fatal wounds to Sallenger's body, but that he was obese, had an enlarged heart and was mentally ill, all underlying factors — combined with a long and violent struggle — that could lead to excited delirium death.
Sallenger's family blames the officers' use of what they contend was excessive force for causing Sallenger's death. The officers say they did only what was necessary to bring him under control.
The case will be heard before U.S. District Judge Jeanne Scott.


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                    <statistics>
                        <classification>perCacheAndObjectType</classification>
                    </statistics>
                    <objectTypeSettings>
                        <objectType>SystemConfigurationType</objectType>
                        <objectType>ArchetypeType</objectType>
                        <objectType>ObjectTemplateType</objectType>
                        <objectType>SecurityPolicyType</objectType>
                        <objectType>ValuePolicyType</objectType>
                    </objectTypeSettings>
                </globalRepoCache>
                <localRepoCache>
                    <tracePass>true</tracePass>
                    <statistics>
                        <classification>perCacheAndObjectType</classification>
                    </statistics>
                </localRepoCache>
                <localAssociationTargetSearchEvaluatorCache>
                    <statistics>
                        <collection>none</collection>
                    </statistics>
                </localAssociationTargetSearchEvaluatorCache>
                <localFocusConstraintCheckerCache>
                    <statistics>
                        <collection>none</collection>
                    </statistics>
                </localFocusConstraintCheckerCache>
            </profile>
            <profile>
                <name>roles-and-shadows</name>
                <order>20</order>
                <globalRepoCache>
                    <objectTypeSettings>
                        <objectType>RoleType</objectType>
                        <objectType>ShadowType</objectType>
                    </objectTypeSettings>
                </globalRepoCache>
            </profile>
        </caching>
        <repository>
            <statistics>
                <collection>globallyAndLocally</collection>
                <classification>perOperationAndObjectType</classification>
            </statistics>
        </repository>
    </internals>
</systemConfiguration>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dr.Khoury meets Ambassador Kees Van Baar.
Bethlehem – Dr.Ramzi Khoury, President of the Higher Presidential Committee of Churches Affairs and Director General of the Palestinian National Fund with Ambassador Amira Hanania, General Manager of the committee met with Ambassador Kees Van Baar, Head of Mission of the Representation of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to Palestine, along with Mr. Maurits Oscam, First Secretary for Political Affairs and Human Rights and Mr. Wadih Razouq, Senior Policy Officer ,the two parties discussed ways of cooperation to enhance the Christian presence in Palestine.
Dr.Khoury discussed the challenges facing the Christian presence in Palestine, where the occupying power prevented the Christians of Gaza from participating in the Christmas celebrations in Bethlehem. He also requested from His Excellency to stand with the Palestinian people and their just cause in pressuring the Israeli government to allow Christians of Gaza to participate in the Christmas festivals of Bethlehem, stressing that this basic right guaranteed by all international conventions.
Dr.Khoury also called for the necessity of supporting the UNRWA, calling on the Netherlands to play a positive role in this regard.
Moreover, His Excellency Kees Van Baar expressed his joy for this meeting, and affirmed his country's readiness to contribute to the work of preserving the Christian presence in Palestine and pressure the Israeli Authorities to allow Christian citizens of Gaza to participate in the Christmas festivals in Bethlehem.
Dr.Khoury participates in the celebration of the council of the local Evangelical Churches.
Message of the President of the State of Palestine His Excellency President Mahmoud Abbas to the world on the occasion of Christmas.


text:
Fiber series first week news Abstract 14
Week News Abstract For Fiber Series in 10GTEK
The abstract is mainly about the optical communication related products,including: FTTH,GPON,EPON,SFPPLC,PTN,ODN,Optical module,Optical devices,optical communications,Optical transceiver module,Etc.
Weekly: Opnext, continues significant downtrend, drops 4.8%
Opnext (OPXT.O) dropped 4.94c (or 4.8%) to 98.06c in the week ending Friday December 09. Compared with the NASDAQ-100 index which rose 16.6 points (or 0.7%) in the week, this represented a relative price change of -5.5%. Price Change % 1-week 3-month OPXT -4.8% -33.74% Lasers Systems & Components -3.52% -10.53% NASDAQ-100 0.72% 7.16% Breakdown: in the last six months the stock has hit a new 52-week low six times, pointing to a downtrend. Support: the support price is hovering at the 85.0c level. Volume traded at the fragile support price zone was 0.1 times average during the single occasion when the support price was breached. In the last one month the first low was at 85.0c on Nov 21. Resistance: the stock hit a new a two-week high of US$1.06 high on decreased volume index of 0.3 on Friday. Previous rallies have been met with resistance at US$1.13. However, selling pressure at that level has been weak; volume was 0.1 times average during the five occasions when the resistance price was breached in the last one month. In the last one month the highest was at US$1.13 on Nov 15, the second highest at US$1.13 on Nov 16. The third advance halted at US$1.12 on Nov 11, the 4th at US$1.12 on Nov 10 and the 5th at US$1.12 on Nov 14. The Volume Weighted Price (VWP) is the summation of turnover [or price at which shares were sold times the volume of shares] divided by the total volume and represents an average based on turnover of all transactions over the period. In the past week the Volume Weighted Price was US$1.0, down from US$1.01 in the previous week. Average daily volume of some 1,222,802 shares declined 0.8% from 1,232,857 shares. The 5-week VWP is US$1.04. Trailing five weeks: the stock fell thirteen times (52% of the time), rose eight times (32% of the time), was unchanged three times (12% of the time) and was untraded once (4% of the time). The aggregate volume was 0.4 times average trading of 30,570,040 shares. The value of US$1,000 invested five weeks ago is US$908 [vs US$987 for the NASDAQ-100 index] for a capital loss of US$92.Trailing thirteen weeks: the stock fell thirty three times (51% of the time), rose twenty six times (40% of the time), was unchanged five times (8% of the time) and was untraded once (2% of the time). The aggregate volume was 0.6 times average trading of 79,482,104 shares. The value of US$1,000 invested thirteen weeks ago is US$845 [vs US$1,075 for the NASDAQ-100 index] for a capital loss of US$155.Trailing Two Years: the value of US$1,000 invested two years ago is US$483 [vs US$1,310 for the NASDAQ-100 index] for a capital loss of US$517.
Weekly: Optical Cable weakens below Moving Average Price (MAP), with 50-day MAP trailing 200-day MAP
Optical Cable (OCC.O), NASDAQ's 7th largest Fiber Optics company by market capitalisation, has dropped below its trend. The 200-day moving average price (MAP) was US$4.136. The price to 200-day MAP ratio is 0.8, a bearish indicator. In the past 200 days this ratio has been under 0.8 thirty-two times suggesting further downside. The stock is trading below both its MAPs and the 50-day MAP of US$3.471 is lower than the 200-day MAP of US$4.136, a bearish indicator. The 200-day MAP has decreased to US$4.136. A decrease is another bearish indicator. The stock fell for a second week on Friday. The share price dipped 3.0c (or 0.9%) to US$3.31 in the week ending Friday December 09. Compared with the NASDAQ-100 index which rose 16.6 points (or 0.7%) in the week, this represented a relative price change of -1.6%. Support: the support price is hovering at the US$3.25 level. Volume traded at the fragile support price zone was 0.03 times average during the four occasions when the support price was breached. In the last one month the first low was at US$3.25 on Dec 02, the second at US$3.25 on Nov 30. The third decline halted at US$3.30 on Dec 08, the 4th at US$3.31 on Dec 09.Resistance: previous rallies have been met with resistance at US$3.78. However, selling pressure at that level has been weak; volume was 0.03 times average during the five occasions when the resistance price was breached in the last one month. In the last one month the highest was at US$3.78 on Nov 21, the second highest at US$3.78 on Nov 22. The third advance halted at US$3.752 on Nov 18, the 4th at US$3.74 on Nov 16 and the 5th at US$3.71 on Nov 17. Optical Cable Corporation, is a manufacturer of fiber optic cables primarily sold into the enterprise market, and the manufacturer of military ground tactical fiber optic cable for the United States Military. The Company sells its products worldwide for uses ranging from commercial and campus installations to customized products for specialty applications and harsh environments, including military applications. Its tight-buffered fiber optic cables are used for high-bandwidth transmission of data, video and audio communications. The enterprise market, into which the Company sells, includes local area network (LAN) and premises markets. Its fiber optic cables can be used in various other short- to moderate-distance applications as well. On May 30, 2008, Optical Cable Corporation acquired Superior Modular Products Incorporated, doing business as SMP Data Communications.
Weekly: EMCORE price 9.0% below volume weighted price
EMCORE (EMKR.O), NASDAQ's 22nd largest Electrical Manufacturing company by market capitalisation, increased 2.0c (or 2.1%) to 98.0c in the week ending Friday December 09. The price is at a discount of 9.0% to the 3-month volume weighted average price of US$1.077, which may appeal as a value proposition. The stock rose for a second week on Friday. Compared with the NASDAQ-100 index which rose 16.6 points (or 0.7%) in the week, this represented a relative price change of 1.4%. Support: the support price is hovering at the 87.99c level. Volume traded at the fragile support price zone was 0.1 times average during the three occasions when the support price was breached. In the last one month the first low was at 87.99c on Nov 28, the next at 88.0c on Nov 25. The third decline halted at 88.13c on Nov 23. Resistance: previous rallies have been met with resistance at US$1.04. However, selling pressure at that level has been weak; volume was 0.1 times average during the seven occasions when the resistance price was breached in the last one month. In the last one month the highest was at US$1.04 on Nov 18, the second highest at US$1.03 on Nov 17. The third advance halted at US$1.03 on Dec 05, the 4th at US$1.03 on Nov 21 and the 5th at US$1.03 on Nov 22. The Volume Weighted Price (VWP) is the summation of turnover [or price at which shares were sold times the volume of shares] divided by the total volume and represents an average based on turnover of all transactions over the period. In the past week the Volume Weighted Price was 97.86c, up from 93.24c in the previous week. Average daily volume of some 1,341,455 shares declined 2.4% from 1,373,754 shares. The 5-week VWP is 97.66c. EMCORE Corporation (EMCORE) is a provider of compound semiconductor-based components and subsystems for the broadband, fiber optic, satellite, and terrestrial solar power markets. The Company has two reporting segments: Fiber Optics and Photovoltaics. Fiber Optics segment offers optical components, subsystems, and systems that enable the transmission of video, voice, and data over high-capacity fiber optic cables for high-speed data and telecommunications, cable television (CATV) and fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP) networks. Photovoltaics segment provides solar products for satellite and terrestrial applications. On February 22, 2008, EMCORE acquired telecom-related assets of Intel Corporation's Optical Platform Division (OPD). On April 20, 2008, EMCORE acquired the enterprise and storage-related assets of Intel Corporation's OPD business, as well as Intel's Connects Cables business. In January 2009, the Company completed the sale of WorldWater & Solar Technologies Corporation.
The above information is edited by 10GTEK.
10GTEK is a professional manufacturer engaged in the R&D,manufacturing and marketing of Fiber Optic Transceivers and High Performance Cables Assemblies.
10GTEK provides customers with top quality and cost effective products. The prompt response and excellent customer support contribute to clients' full satisfaction.
10GTEK passed quality inspection,ISO9001:2008,and our products passed by CE?FCC and RoHS certificates
10GTEK now has developed a full series of optical transceivers including:SFP+,XFP,X2,XENPAK,GBIC,SFP,COPPER SFP,BiDi SFP,CWDM SFP,DWDM SFP etc,from 125Mbps low rate module to 10Gbps full line products.
10GTEK now has developed a full series HPC cable assemblies including SFP/SFP+ Cable,XFP Cable,QSFP Cable,MiniSAS Cables,ect.
10GTEK with the ability of R&D,can customize the products to fully meet customers' satisfaction.
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If you happen to find a LIVE whale or dolphin stranded or injured on the beach or shallow area or entangled on a net, you must send for help immediately. Click HERE to know what to do.
Call the BFAR authorities or the nearest stranding network in your area. Click HERE for a list of contact information in various localities in the country.
If you find a DEAD whale or dolphin, however, try to secure the carcass or body of the animal, if possible transport to the nearest beach and away from the water. Please take note of the location of where you found it and call the nearest BFAR office or stranding network in your locality.
Any stranding (dead or alive) can be reported to Balyena.org on +63 (0)38 531 8604.
Stranding reports are important. Each report not only provides information on cetacean species occurrence around the country but also helps determine causes of mortality or illness to these animals.
To report PAST stranding events (dead or alive), please complete the online form below or download the forms here: for live stranding and for dead stranding; and email to us at info@balyena.org.ph. Photographs of stranded animals are crucial to the identification or confirmation of the species. Most rare species have been confirmed through stranding reports. Please do share your photographs or videos with us and we will help you confirm or identify the species. Thank you. Maraming salamat po.
Near mass stranding of melon-headed whales off Tablas.
Bryde's whale entangled in a fishing net off Masbate.
Conducting a necropsy on a dead dwarf sperm whale calf.
Please complete the applicable fields below. Thank you.
This website was made possible by the efforts of a core group of former project staff members and 'volunteer old timers' with the support of researchers, NGOs, government agencies and local communities.


text:
[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/atotto/travisci-practice.png)](https://travis-ci.org/atotto/travisci-practice)

travisci-practice
=================

practice of Travis-CI


text:
<?php

namespace Gems\Agenda\Filter;

use Gems\Agenda\FilterModelDependencyAbstract;
use Gems\Agenda\SubFilterDependencyInterface;

/**
 *
 *
 * @package    Gems
 * @subpackage Agenda
 * @copyright  Copyright (c) 2014 Erasmus MC
 * @license    New BSD License
 * @since      Class available since version 1.6.5 16-okt-2014 16:56:22
 */
class AndModelDependency extends FilterModelDependencyAbstract implements SubFilterDependencyInterface
{
    /**
     *
     * @var array filter_id => label
     */
    protected $_filters;

    /**
     *
     * @var \Gems_Agenda
     */
    protected $agenda;

    /**
     *
     * @var \Gems_Menu
     */
    protected $menu;

    /**
     *
     * @var \Gems_Util
     */
    protected $util;

    /**
     * Called after the check that all required registry values
     * have been set correctly has run.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function afterRegistry()
    {
        $this->_filters = $this->util->getTranslated()->getEmptyDropdownArray() + $this->agenda->getFilterList();

        parent::afterRegistry();
    }

    /**
     * A ModelAbstract->setOnSave() function that returns a string desrcibing the filter
     *
     * @see \MUtil_Model_ModelAbstract
     *
     * @param mixed $value The value being saved
     * @param boolean $isNew True when a new item is being saved
     * @param string $name The name of the current field
     * @param array $context Optional, the other values being saved
     * @return string
     */
    public function calcultateName($value, $isNew = false, $name = null, array $context = array())
    {
        $output = $this->calcultateNameOutput($value, $isNew, $name, $context);

        if ($output) {
            return ucfirst(implode($this->getGlue(), $output));
        } else {
            return $this->_('empty filter');
        }
    }

    /**
     * A ModelAbstract->setOnSave() function that returns a string desrcibing the filter
     *
     * @see \MUtil_Model_ModelAbstract
     *
     * @param mixed $value The value being saved
     * @param boolean $isNew True when a new item is being saved
     * @param string $name The name of the current field
     * @param array $context Optional, the other values being saved
     * @return string
     */
    protected function calcultateNameOutput($value, $isNew, $name, $context)
    {
        $output = array();

        // Check all the fields
        for ($i = 1; $i <= $this->_fieldCount; $i++) {
            $field = 'gaf_filter_text' . $i;
            if (isset($context[$field], $this->_filters[$context[$field]]) && $context[$field] && $this->_filters[$context[$field]]) {
                $output[] = $this->_filters[$context[$field]];
            }
        }

        return $output;
    }

    /**
     *
     * @staticvar \Gems_Menu_SubMenuItem $showMenuItem
     * @param int $value
     * @return \MUtil_Html_HtmlElement
     */
    public function displayFilterLink($value, $raw)
    {
        static $showMenuItem = false;

        if (false === $showMenuItem) {
            $showMenuItem = $this->menu->findAllowedController('agenda-filter', 'show');
        }

        if (isset($this->_filters[$raw])) {
            $class = '';
            $text  = $this->_filters[$raw];
        } else {
            $class = 'deleted';
            $text  = $raw . ' ' . $this->_('(inactive filter)');
        }

        if ($showMenuItem instanceof \Gems_Menu_SubMenuItem) {
            return \MUtil_Html_AElement::a(
                    $showMenuItem->toHRefAttribute([\MUtil_Model::REQUEST_ID => $raw]),
                    $text,
                    ['class' => $class]
                    );
        }

        return \MUtil_Html::create('span', $text, ['class' => $class]);
    }

    /**
     * Get the class name for the filters, the part after *_Agenda_Filter_
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getFilterClass()
    {
        return 'AndAppointmentFilter';
    }

    /**
     * Get the name for this filter class
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getFilterName()
    {
        return $this->_('AND filter combination');
    }

    /**
     * Get the translated glue for the calculated name
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getGlue()
    {
        return $this->_(' AND ');
    }

    /**
     * Get the settings for the gaf_filter_textN fields
     *
     * Fields not in this array are not shown in any way
     *
     * @return array gaf_filter_textN => array(modelFieldName => fieldValue)
     */
    public function getTextSettings()
    {
        $messages = array(
            'gaf_id' => $this->_('Sub filter may not be the same as this filter.'),
            $this->_('Filters may be chosen only once.')
                );

        return [
            'gaf_filter_text1' => [
                'label'          => $this->_('Filter 1'),
                'elementClass'   => 'Select',
                'formatFunction' => [$this, 'displayFilterLink', true],
                'multiOptions'   => $this->_filters,
                'required'       => true,
                'validator'      => new \MUtil_Validate_NotEqualTo('gaf_id', $messages),
                ],
            'gaf_filter_text2' => [
                'label'          => $this->_('Filter 2'),
                'elementClass'   => 'Select',
                'formatFunction' => [$this, 'displayFilterLink', true],
                'multiOptions'   => $this->_filters,
                'required'       => true,
                'validator'      => new \MUtil_Validate_NotEqualTo(array('gaf_id', 'gaf_filter_text1'), $messages),
                ],
            'gaf_filter_text3' => [
                'label'          => $this->_('Filter 3'),
                'elementClass'   => 'Select',
                'formatFunction' => [$this, 'displayFilterLink', true],
                'multiOptions'   => $this->_filters,
                'validator'      => new \MUtil_Validate_NotEqualTo(
                        ['gaf_id', 'gaf_filter_text1', 'gaf_filter_text2'],
                        $messages
                        ),
                ],
            'gaf_filter_text4' => [
                'label'          => $this->_('Filter 4'),
                'elementClass'   => 'Select',
                'formatFunction' => [$this, 'displayFilterLink', true],
                'multiOptions'   => $this->_filters,
                'validator'      => new \MUtil_Validate_NotEqualTo(
                        ['gaf_id', 'gaf_filter_text1', 'gaf_filter_text2', 'gaf_filter_text3'],
                        $messages
                        ),
                ],
            ];
    }
}


text:
Bjørgvins stift (norska: Bjørgvin bispedømme) är ett stift inom Norska kyrkan och har sitt biskopssäte i kuststaden Bergen. Stiftet grundades ursprungligen som Selje stift, men när relikerna efter Sunniva den heliga flyttades till Bergen överfördes även biskopssätet. Det räknas som ett av Norges fem ursprungliga stift, och återgavs som Bergens stift fram till 1919, då det fick namn efter det gamla namnet för staden Bergen.

Stiftets biskop är sedan 8 mars 2009 Halvor Nordhaug, som även är biskop för Norska kyrkans utlandsförsamlingar, Sjømannskirken – Norsk kirke i utlandet. Verksamheten är indelad i 176 församlingar fördelat på 43 kyrkjelege fellesråd, ungefär pastorat.

Historik
De tre äldsta stiften i Norge upprättades av kung Olav Kyrre på 1000-talet. I området Gulatingslagen i västra Norge fanns Selje kloster, ett benediktinerkloster på ön Selja helgat till det engelska helgonet Sankt Alban. Vid klostret fanns även relikerna från Sunniva den heliga, en kristen irländsk kungadotter som flytt för sin tros skull och lidit skeppsbrott på ön Selja. Klostret blev biskopssäte för Gulatingslagen omrking 1068.

Biskopen verkar ha flyttat in till Bergen i slutet av 1000-talet, men först 1170 sker den officiella flytten av biskopssätet när relikerna förs till staden. Stiftet bytte namn till Bergens stift. Klostret fortsatte sin verksamhet till 1460- eller 1470-talet. Den första domkyrkan kallas Vesle Kristkyrkja (Lilla Kristuskyrkan) och var en träkyrka i den nuvarande stadsdelen Bergenhus. Ungefär samtidigt lät Olav Kyrre påbörja bygget av Store Kristkyrkja, en stenkyrka som på 1100- och 1200-talet blir norsk kröningskyrka. Det är hit Sankt Sunnivas reliker förs.

Vid reformationen, 1536, blev Sankt Olavskyrkan stiftets nya domkyrka. Kyrkan brann 1623, 1640 och 1702, men byggdes upp på nytt varje gång, med utvidgningar och förbättringar. Domkyrkans torn var en del av stadens brandförsvar, och tornvakt fanns i domkyrkans torn 1624–1903.

Sedan 1983 består stiftet av Vestland fylke, då Sunnmøre fördes till det nybildade Møre stift.

Biskopslängd för Bjørgvins stift

Romersk-katolska biskopar av Selja 1067–1169
 Bjarnvard 1067–okänt
 Svein, okänt
 Magne, okänt
 Ottar Islänning, okänt
 Pål 1156 eller 1157–1160
 Nikolas Petersson i Sogn 1160–1170, därefter biskop av Bergen

Romersk-katolska biskopar av Bergen 1170–1535

 Nikolas Petersson i Sogn 1170–1194, därförinnan biskop av Selja
 Martin 1194–1216
 Håvard 1217–-1224
 Arne 1226–1256
 Peter 1257–1270
 Askatin 1270–1277
 Narve 1278–1304
 Arne Sigurdsson 1305–1314
 Audfinn Sigurdsson 1314–1330
 Johannes 1336
 Håkon Erlingsson 1332–1342
 Torstein Eiriksson 1343–1349
 Gisbrikt Erlendsson 1349–1369
 Benedikt Ringstad 1370–1371
 Jakob Jensson 1372–1401
 Jakob Knutsson 1401–1407
 Aslak Hartviktsson Bolt 1408–1428ärkebiskop i Nidaros från 1428
 Arendt Klementssøn 1430 eller 1431–1434ärkebiskop i Uppsala från 1433
 Olav Nilsson 1434–1436
 Olav Hartviktson 1438 eller 1440–-1448
 Thorleiv Olavsson 1450–1455
 Paulus Justiniani 1457–1460
 Finnboge Niklasson 1461–1474
 Hans Teiste 1474–1506
 Andor Ketilsson 1507–1522
 Olav Thorkelsson 1524–1535

Lutherska biskopar av Bergen 1537–1919

Där inget annat anges är biskopslängden grundad på en översikt framtagen av Karl Marthinussen, biskop i Stavanger 1949–1960, som utgavs 1949. Författaren har dock angett att han saknar "vetenskapliga pretentioner" och att det därför saknas primärkällor för biskopslängden.

De första biskoparna efter reformationen hade titeln superintendent, innan biskopstiteln åter kom i bruk.

 Geble Pederssøn 1536–1557
 Jens Pedersen Skjelderup 1557–1582
 Anders Foss 1583–1607
 Anders Mikkelsen Kolding 1607–1615
 Niels Paasche 1616–1636
 Ludvig Hanssøn Munthe 1636–1649
 Jens Pedersen Skjelderup 1649–1665 (sonson till Jens Pedersen Skjelderup, biskop 1557–1582)
 Niels Enevoldsen Randulf 1665–1711
 Niels Pederssøn Smed 1711–1716
 Clemens Schmidt 1716–1723
 Marcus Müller 1723–1731
 Oluf Cosmussen Bornemann 1731–1747
 Erik Pontoppidan d.y. 1747–1755
 Ole Tidemand 1755–1762
 Frederik Arentz 1762–1774
 Eiler Hagerup d.y. 1774–1778
 Søren Friedlieb 1778–1779
 Ole Irgens 1779–1803
 Johan Nordahl Brun 1803–1816
 Claus Pavels 1817–1822
 Jacob Neumann 1822–1848
 Peder Christian Hersleb Kjerschow 1848–1857
 Jens Mathias Pram Kaurin 1858–1863
 Peder Hersleb Graah Birkeland 1864–1880
 Fredrik Waldemar Hvoslef 1880–1898
 Johan Willoch Erichsen 1899–1916
 Peter Hognestad 1916–1919, därefter biskop av Bjørgvin

Lutherska biskopar av Bjørgvin 1919–
År 1919 bytte stiftet namn från Bergen till Bjørgvin, efter det gamla namnet för staden. Där inget annat anges är biskopslängden grundad på en översikt framtagen av Karl Marthinussen, biskop i Stavanger 1949–1960, som utgavs 1949. Författaren har dock angett att han saknar "vetenskapliga pretentioner" och att det därför saknas primärkällor för biskopslängden.

 Peter Hognestad 1919–1931, därförinnan biskop av Bergen
 Andreas Fleischer 1931–1948
 Ragnvald Indrebø 1948–1961
 Per Juvkam 1961–1976
 Thor With 1977–1987
 Per Lønning 1987–1994
 Ole Danbolt Hagesæther 1994–2008
 Halvor Nordhaug 2009–

Källor

Noter

Källförteckning
 Diplomatarium Norvegicum XVII B - utredning av Oluf Kolsrud

Externa länkar

Bergen
Norska kyrkans stift


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Shuangcheng District (simplified Chinese: 双城区; traditional Chinese: 雙城區; pinyin: Shuāngchéng Qū) is one of nine districts of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China, covering part of the southwestern suburbs. It sits approximately 42 kilometres (26 mi) south-southwest of downtown Harbin. Formerly a county-level city until 15 May 2014. The westernmost county-level division of Harbin City, it borders Daoli District to the north, Nangang and Pingfang Districts to the northeast, Acheng District to the east, and Wuchang to the southeast, as well as the Jilin prefecture-level divisions of Changchun to the south and Songyuan to the southwest.
^ Google (2014-07-02). "Shuangcheng" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved 2014-07-02.


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PM Orders Halt to Projects Handled by Ly Chhuong Construction, Citing Corruption
Prime Minister Hun Sen (R) and Transportation Minister Sun Chanthol (L) are seen during a ceremony related to upgrades to National Road 44,
By Sam Sopich
Questions have been raised from the Ministry of Economy and Finance about bidding processes that repeatedly saw projects handed to Ly Chhuong Construction, especially at the provincial level
PHNOM PENH--Prime Minister Hun Sen on Jan. 3 ordered all projects involving Ly Chhuong Construction and Import-Export to stop in every province and threatened to remove any provincial governor who still deals with the company.
Speaking at a ceremony related to upgrades to National Road 44, Hun Sen's order came as a result of alleged corruption uncovered by the Ministry of Economy and Finance, which found that Ly Chhuong Construction was owed money from numerous provincial administrations for projects that the national government was apparently unaware of.
"It is a cancer when the subnational level is doing [something], but required the national level to pay. You [governors] conspire with this company without running any public auction," Hun Sen said.
"It is corruption that needs to be cleaned up as it is due to become the public debt burden," he added, saying that provincial administrations cannot borrow money from national or international institutions.
"All the state projects between provincial administrations and Ly Chhuong were corrupted," he continued, adding that he would remove any provincial governor who continues to work on these projects with the company.
In the meantime, Hun Sen revealed he also plans to audit provincial infrastructure projects with the company. If any irregularities are found, those provincial governors may face problems, he added.
"I urge the company to stop immediately, otherwise I will put the company on the blacklist," Hun Sen continued.
Ly Chhuong company, known for building the National Assembly in 2005, could not be contacted for comment.
President of the People's Centre for Development and Peace—an NGO focused on inequality and rule of law—Yong Kimeng said that if any construction company cannot build high quality roads, the government should take action otherwise the state will lose national budget on low grade infrastructure.
"We're doubtful whether previous auctions were fair and transparent or not. That needs reassessment and reevaluation to find out why this company always won the auctions," Kimeng said.
"The government should follow up, reevaluate and observe the auction and procedure, it might get the best quality construction company to build roads," he added. "It's better to publish publicly about road construction processes, especially how long, how thick those roads are and which standards the roads meet so that people can follow up and observe together."
Pal Chandara, Ministry of Public Works and Transportation's spokesman stressed that the government has paid greater attention to road quality and strictly checks all the roads with proper technical mechanisms.
"Senior Minister Sun Chanthol always inspects the quality of roads without informing the company in advance. If he finds low quality and standards, he won't accept them or tolerate that company, and that company is punished and needs to rebuild it properly," he explained.
Israel slams Russian claims on Hitler over Ukraine war
China axes 15 coal plants abroad after Xi pledge, but loopho...
China to launch 200-plus spacecraft in 2023


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Re-flow's Construction Eye in the Sky
At Re-flow HQ on Paris St in central Exeter, we're lucky enough to have a birds' eye view over one of the biggest civil engineering projects in the city for decades. The old bus station is being transformed into the new St Sidwell's Point leisure complex, a new bus station, community spaces and eventually shops, offices, hotels and the new civic centre for the city.
As a key supplier to the construction sector, our product is used by contractors like those building the development. While we see the level of complexity and detail that comes through the jobs, tasks, schedules and reports in our software, to be able to see a live example like this makes the team at Re-flow fully appreciate how technical the logistics on the ground are.
For the other residents in the city who can only see a glimpse of what's going on, or can only hear the progress, we're keeping a video update of how the progress is coming along, so stay tuned, it's going to be a busy 12 months!


Rev. George MacDonald's theme for the first Sunday in Advent was anonymous giving. After the service, Tom Pavlasek related the following story of how the crêche that appears at the front of the church each Christmas season came to be.
In 1989, Tom and Lois were visiting their daughter in Nanaimo when the local radio station announced that 14 students had been massacred at McGill (in fact it was at Polytechnique, but little did they know). Being a professor at McGill, Tom and Lois decided to head for home. However, during the conversations it had come up that Summerlea did not have a Christmas crêche. Thinking to rectify this situation, Tom went out and bought some cedar shakes (shingles) which he carried back to Montreal in the aircraft.
At home, with McGill not directly involved in the massacre, Tom created a crêche using the cedar shakes. Then the question arose as to how to create the figures that would be the central part of the crêche. While pondering this requirement, one day someone rummaging in a storage cupboard in the nursery came across a cardboard box containing a number of figures that turned out to be just the ticket for the crêche. No one, however, had any idea where the figures had come from or to whom they belonged.
Finally it was decided to make use of the figures to depict the Christmas story in the crêche, where they reside to this day. And to this day, no one knows where those figures came from.
This anonymous gift gives pleasure to many over the years!


text:
Secret Society Comedy
March 19, 2022 At Prosperity Social Club
Golden Ox Studio
Prosperity Social Club
Water Cooler Comedy
CONTACT US: BECOME A SPONSOR
TONIGHT'S COMEDIANS
Mike Head
Mike Head's first time performing stand-up comedy was on a dare at the Cleveland Improv, and he has since been featured at events such as the American Black Film Festival, Shaq's All Star Comedy Jam, and StandUpNBC. Mike is regularly featured at venues across the country.
Mike is also an actor who has performed with some of Northeast Ohio's most historic theater companies. He has also performed in several film projects and a web series and recently made his television acting debut in the Lifetime feature film "With This Ring." Mike's latest film role was in the movie "Jerico", currently making rounds on the festival circuit. He can also be seen regularly on the comedy show / website "Laughs TV."
Get his album, "Single Mom."
Eitan Levine
Eitan Levine is a New York based writer and comedian/human theme park. He has previously been staffed as a journalist/producer/on-air talent at Elite Daily, Cheddar, Mashable and several other publications. He's also written for the New York Times and New York Magainze.
In 2020, with comedy clubs shut down, Eitan started an outdoor show in Central Park with comedian Drexton Clemons. The show became a local hit and was picked up by Sony / Embassy Row (Watch What Happens LIVE!) to be turned into a podcast with video called NYC Is Dead.
Eitan's TikTok channel took off in 2022 after a video called "Jewish or Antisemitic" went viral. His Jewish-themed man on the street interviews have been watched by hundreds of millions of people across the globe.
Miki Janosi
Based out of northeast Ohio, comedian Miki Janosi hit the ground running in his first year of comedy by winning the amateur contest at Funny Stop Comedy Club. He has since become a regular act there and at Hilarities on East 4th Street. His biting punchlines and tongue-in-cheek delivery have had audiences laughing from New York, to Chicago, to Phoenix before they even realize what they're even laughing about.
His satirical style is packed with one-liners about his personal experience being a stoner dog dad.
Marla Massie
Born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio, Marla Massie is a stand-up comedian whose views on motherhood, family, and everyday life are as entertaining as they are thought provoking. Marla's quick wit, self-deprecating humor, and clever wordplay makes her as memorable as she is affable.
Since 2018, Marla has performed in comedy clubs and in festivals all over the United States, from Hilarities right here in Cleveland, to Helium in Portland, OR (where she now lives).
In 2021, amid a worldwide pandemic, Marls safely and successfully produced the inaugural Sixth City Comedy Festival in Cleveland, featuring comics from all over the US, Canada, and the UK.
Gheramy Demery
Gheramy is the owner and operator of Golden Ox Studio. He produces local favorite podcasts such as Shit Brains, Brett Talk, You Can't Laugh At That, Teach These Devils, and several more for the Golden Ox Network. He can be seen on comedy stages across the city and has recently performed in the Mutiny Radio Comedy Fest, Cleveland Comedy Festival, Sixth City Comedy Fest, and the Midwestern Queer Comedy Festival. Renowned failure and a well educated idiot whose only contribution to this world will be when he is no longer in it, Gheramy is not sorry that you wasted your time reading this bio.
WANT TO BOOK A SHOW AT YOUR VENUE?
LEARN ABOUT FUTURE SHOWS
RECURRING SHOWS
Every Tuesday . 9PM
Judd's City Tavern
Service Industry-Themed Comedy Showcase
Last Monday Of The Month . 8 PM
Returns 4/25/22
Battery Park, Cleveland, OH
Pop Up Comedy Showcase
Around Cleveland
Six Course Comedy Dinner
Next Edition: 2nd Quarter 2022.
Location TBA
Monthly Comedy Show In A Club Setting
Ohio City, Cleveland, OH
Coming Summer '22
david@watercoolercomedy.org
©2023 by Water Cooler Comedy


Born in 1984. After a degree in Industrial Design in 2007, Adriano began his professional career in the Research & Development department of SLAMP, where he is still very successful today. Going against the trend for mass-produced items, Adriano Rachele succeeds in giving each of his pieces the feeling of single-editions, while still managing to produce them in series.
Rachele believes that design should possess soul, expressing poetry and emotion and telling a story that goes beyond simple forms. This concept comes through in his designs for soft, sinuous forms that on one hand emphasise the uniqueness of their brand, and on the other enhance their unique craft-made style.
His challenge is to create objects which combine technology, functionality and innovation with tradition and emotion, while maintaining their ironic and accessible nature.
In 2010, he was recognised as one of the top young talents in Italian design for his Veli project, which won the Red Dot Design Award in 2012.


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Edmund Dawson Rogers (7 August 1823 – 28 September 1910), was an English journalist and spiritualist. He was the first editor of the Eastern Daily Press and the founder of the National Press Agency.

Background and education
The son of John and Sarah Rogers, and given the middle name Dawson which was his mother's family name, he was brought up a strict Methodist and received a classical education at Gresham's School, Holt,  then was apprenticed to a pharmacist.

Career
In 1845, he went as a surgeon's dispenser to Wolverhampton, where he joined the Staffordshire Mercury as a journalist.

In 1848 he was appointed as editor of the struggling Norwich newspaper the Norfolk News, and put it on its feet. The proprietors at the time were two future Liberal members of parliament, Jacob Henry Tillett and J. J. Colman. On 10 October 1870, Rogers became the first editor of the Eastern Counties Daily Press, working for the same proprietors, remaining until 1872. In 1871, the paper was renamed the Eastern Daily Press.

In 1873, Rogers moved to London and at the request of leading members of the Liberal Party established the National Press Agency in Shoe Lane, remaining as manager until he retired in 1894.

The National Press Agency had an enormous scoop as part of the Hawarden Kite affair in December 1885, when William Ewart Gladstone's son Herbert Gladstone gave Rogers what he said were his father's opinions on Irish home rule.

In London Rogers also published and edited The Tenant Farmer (1894–1898) and The Free Speaker (1873–1874).

Spiritualist
About 1843 Rogers was introduced by Sir Isaac Pitman to the work of Swedenborg. He went on to study mesmerism and mesmeric healing. He began to attend séances in 1869 with various mediums, especially Mrs Thomas Everitt and William Eglinton, and became a spiritualist. In 1873 he helped to form the British National Association of Spiritualists, and in 1881 founded the spiritualist journal Light, which he edited from 1894 until his death in 1910. In 1881–1882 he founded the Society for Psychical Research, with Sir William Barrett. Its early members included William Stainton Moses, F. W. H. Myers, Henry Sidgwick, and Edmund Gurney, and Rogers was a member of its Council from 1882 to 1885. In 1884, he was a founding member of the London Spiritualist Alliance, afterwards the College of Psychic Studies, and was its president from 1892 until 1910.

Private life
On 11 July 1843, Rogers married Sophia Jane Hawkes. They had two sons and four daughters. His wife died in 1892.

In Who's Who, Rogers gave his recreation as "Occasional rambles in Switzerland". At the time of his death, his address was Rose Villa, Hendon Lane, Finchley, London N.

Publications
 Life and Experiences of Edmund Dawson Rogers, Spiritualist and Journalist (autobiography, 1911, new edition by Kessinger Publishing, London, 2004)

References

Sources

1823 births
1910 deaths
English male journalists
English spiritualists
Parapsychologists
People educated at Gresham's School
People from Holt, Norfolk


text:
Kocsi utca, Tatán található, a Kossuth térről indul és Kocs falu felé vezet. A városból Bőnyre vezető 8136-os út tatai belterületi szakasza.

Ismertetése
A Kocsi út 1746-ban fordul elő először és a Kocs falu felé kivezető utat jelölte. Kocsi utca az 1700-as évek végén készült térképen fordul elő és az utcával jelölt szakasz az út belterületi folytatása volt. Napjainkban a két korábbi utca teljesen egybeépült. Ezért az egyik utótag (út) megszüntetése indokolt volt. A két világháború között a Kossuth tértől a református templomig kereskedő és iparos zsidó családok – Weisz vasüzlet, Kohn Ignác méteráru, Grossmann Izidor divatáruház, Pollák Lipót rövidáru, Ganz Dezső tégla, cserép gyáros, Stern sütöde – laktak. Az utca középső részén nagygazdák (Henzer, Pácz) éltek. A Szentiványi utcai és a Nagykert utcai elágazásánál volt a Nagy Dániel vendéglő, Stolcz drótfonó és szitakészítő, Czunyi hentes, Jakus pék, Bóna kovács. Az utca vége felé iparosok, közép- birtokosok építettek házakat. Napjainkban, ha kevesebben is, de maradtak az utcában iparosok, kereskedők. A Kocsi utca és a Fellner Jakab utca találkozásánál megépítették a helyijáratos autóbuszok fordulóját, buszvezetők pihenőjét. Ez utóbbi épületet évek óta nem használják. Az utca végén, a volt Kocsi úti (régebbi nevén Nájstiki) temetőt az 1980-as években felszámolták és utcákra (Nagysándor József utca, Vécsey Károly utca) felparcellázták. Tata város végét jelző táblánál családi házas leágazó utcákat nyitottak, és 1991-ben megnyitották az új Kocsi úti köztemetőt. Tőle délre, 2001-ben létesítették a Tatai Ipari és Logisztikai Parkot.

Épületei

"Turul" ház

A Kocsi utca és a Kálvária utca sarkán (Kocsi utca 8.), a nagygazda Gíberek Grujber Mihály kőművessel megépítették az egy emeletes saroktornyos házat, a torony tetején Turul madárral. Az emeleten tanítónők laktak, a Kocsi utcai földszinten 1900-ban nyitották meg a Turul kávéházat. A két világháború között a kávéház helyén vegyeskereskedés, mellette a Jakab borbély és a Kóbor vendéglő működött. Az 1980-as években az épület sarok tornyáról elnevezett "Tornyos" kávéház presszó hosszú ideig kedves szórakozóhelye volt a tatai fiataloknak.

Református templom

Az 1681. évi XXVI. tc. alapján 1759. augusztus 23-án a Kancellária a tatai református templom bezárását, a prédikátor és a tanító hivatalától való eltiltását rendelte el. Még ezen a napon az 1757-től 1759-ig megválasztott Körtvélyesi János prédikátornak és az iskolamesternek el kellett hagynia Tatát. A szomorú esemény után a tatai gyülekezetnek huszonnégy évig nem volt temploma, prédikátora, tanítója. A vallásgyakorlástól megfosztott tatai ún. "árva gyülekezet" tagjai 1759-től 1783-ig Balogh Ferenc jószágkormányzó engedélyével Kocsra és Naszályra járhattak templomba prédikáció hallgatására és házasságkötésre. II. József Türelmi rendeletét (Edictum Tolerantiale) 1781. október 25-én adta ki. A tatai református gyülekezet 1783. július 27-i kezdettel megkapta a vallásgyakorlat jogát és prédikátor tartását. Építhettek templomot torony és harangok nélkül. II. József könnyítése értelmében templomtornyot is építhettek harangokkal. A Helytartótanács engedélye alapján 1783 júliusában Szentgyörgyi József (1783–1795) lelkipásztort a tatai gyülekezet megválasztotta. A felépítendő templom helyét a földesúr biztosította. A reformátusok Bezerédy Mihály jószágkormányzó által 1784-ben felajánlott telket nem fogadták el, a régi telket kérték vissza, ahol régen a templomuk volt. 1786. március 16-án a régi telek felét visszakapták. A templom építését 1786-ban megkezdték. A kőből épült, ma is meglévő templomukat 1787. május 26-án felszentelték. A torony építését 1791-ben kezdték meg. 1792-ben három harangot vásároltak. A 16 és fél öl (30 méter) magas, ma is meglévő torony a harangokkal 1793-ra épült fel. A copf stílusú szószéket 1825-ben, a vörös márvány úrasztalát, a keresztelő medencét és a copf stílusú orgonát Vécsey Károly lelkipásztorsága idején helyezték el a templomban. A 115 éves templom felújítását – új padok a földszinten és a karzatokon, orgona javítása, fűtés, szószék – 2001–2008 közötti években valósították meg. 2010-ben a korrodált toronysisakot kicserélték új vörösrézre, aranyozott gömbbel és csillaggal.

Kamalduli-ház

A kamalduli barátokat 1733-ban a premontreiek majki birtokára telepítette Esterházy József gróf. 1747-ben kaptak egy házat Tatán és egy telket a Nagy-tó partján. A tatai házat csak arra használták, ha valamelyikük Majkról Tatára menne, legyen hova megszállnia. A ház az utcai homlokzatán hét rokokó kovácsoltvas díszítésű ablakkal, egyszerű gyalogbejárati és kosáríves kocsi behajtó kapuval. A ház folyosójáról nyíló ajtaja fölött ovális nyílásban rokokó vasrács van. Az épület 1947-től a református egyház tulajdonában van.

Források
Körmendi Géza: Tata és Tóváros története a két világháború között: 1920–1939. – Tata: Sollers Nyomda, 1988. p. 24.
Körmendi Géza: A tatai református gyülekezet története II. József Türelmi rendelete előtti, és az azt követő évtizedekben. – In: Körmendi Géza: Történetek Tatáról: válogatott tanulmányok, cikkek a város múltjáról. – Budapest: Argumentum, 2006. p. 13-17.
Körmendi Géza: Tata és környéke. – Sopron: Escort Turista, 2009. p. 32-33.
Rohrbacher Miklós: Tata története. – Tata, 1888. p. 168-169., p. 173., p. 177-178.
Tata – Tóvárosi Híradó 1900. 30. szám, július 18.

További információk

Tata utcái és terei


He crunched hands, shoved shoulders and struck poses. He scoffed chocolates, ignored protocol and harangued heads of disclose. He denied saw things he had said, subsequently said things that showed he did not let.
It may, mercifully, have passed off without apocalyptic mistake, but Donald Trumps first transatlantic trip as US president yet left European leaders shaken.
First, there were the body language battles. Trump is swiftly known for his efforts to dominate male interlocutors taking into account a beatific handshake, often along together along in the midst of an arm wrench: notable victims include going on the Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe, who survived a 19-second take effect sticking to in February.
In Brussels scratchily Thursday for meetings bearing in mind EU and Nato leaders, he was trumped by the French president, Emmanuel Macron, whose grin and squeeze reporters market described knuckles whitening and faces tightening were therefore fierce that Trump was motivated to have emotional impact.
The rematch came at Nato headquarters after lunch, gone Macron pointedly embraced German chancellor Angel Merkel, and shook hands behind several new heads of make a clean breast, by now finally turning to Trump who in a passionate habit pulled the Frenchmans arm half out of its socket.
Merkel, Nato secretary general Jens Stoltenberg and several others responded behind pretentiousness in, if disbelieving, laughter. The Europeans appeared even more startled as soon as Trump shoved aside the prime minister of Montenegro, Dusko Markovic, to profit to the stomach of the relatives photo.
The US president barrelled his habit through the organization since drawing himself taking place to his full zenith, snapping his coat together and striking a truculent accretion occurring prompting the writer JK Rowling to caption a tweeted GIF of the incident considering the words, You tiny, tiny, tiny tiny man.
Body language aside, there was much else to marvel at. In his speech at Natos supplementary headquarters the cost of which, he tactfully observed, he had been considerate comfortable not to ask, even behind Trump bluntly accused 23 of the 28 Nato members of not paying their pretentiousness.
He fused terrorism and immigration in a habit definitely few of his fellow leaders would make a get your hands on of, and unsuccessful to calm persistent doubts very about US commitment to Nato by endorsing Article 5, the mutual defence pledge at the heart of the alliance.
While arguably undiplomatic, this was at least occurring to date from Trumps confrontation rhetoric and for that defense, to some extent, avowed. What European leaders did not seem to have anticipated was the US presidents patchy bargain of the bloc.
The Belgian daily Le Soir reported that even if eating a lot of the best chocolates, Trump revealed to prime minister Charles Michel that his frequent criticisms of the EU were due largely to his personal experiences maddening to set taking place businesses there.
Every epoch we talked roughly a country, he remembered the things he had ended, one source told the paper. Scotland? He said he had opened a club. Ireland? He said it took him two-and-a-half years to get your hands on a licence and that did not offer him a every pension of enjoyable image of the EU.
Besides reportedly telling EU leaders the Germans were bad, no evaluate bad in footnote to trade, Trump and his team amazed the Europeans by their ignorance of the blocs trade policy, according to Sddeutsche Zeitung, repeatedly suggesting America had choice trade deals taking into account Germany and Belgium.
And the US president appeared at least in the middle of to deny his own words. A French credited told AP that having publicly described the far-off rights Marine Le Pen as the strongest candidate in Frances presidential election, he told Macron just more or less the order of Thursday you were my guy in the vote.


text:
Lawmakers urged to support BOAST
ANNAPOLIS – Arguing that nonpublic schools in Maryland face dire increases in tuition that are forcing the closure of schools, a leader of the Maryland Catholic Conference (MCC) urged state lawmakers to pass a bill rewarding businesses for supporting both public and nonpublic schools.
Testifying Feb. 27 in support of the BOAST Maryland Tax Credit (Building Opportunities for All Students and Teachers in Maryland), Mary Ellen Russell told members of the House Ways and Means Committee it is critical to pass House Bill 812.
The bill would establish the BOAST tax credit, providing up to $3 million in state tax credits to businesses that donate to scholarship organizations and up to $2 million in tax credits to businesses that donate to educational organizations that support innovative programs for public-school students.
Ms. Russell, MCC deputy director for education and family life, said nonpublic schools provide a stabilizing presence in many troubled communities – giving educational opportunities to children from low-income families. They need help to stay operational, she said.
"Those schools are disappearing across the state," said Ms. Russell, noting that Catholic school elementary enrollment in Maryland has decreased by more than 5,000 students in the last five years. Sixteen Catholic schools have closed or merged in the same time period, she said.
Ms. Russell was one of more than a dozen supporters who testified in favor of the bill. Only one person, a citizen concerned about the separation of church and state, testified against the measure.
Del. Craig L. Rice of Montgomery County said he was concerned about "taking money" from the public schools and giving it to nonpublic schools. But Rabbi Hershel Lutch, executive director of the Torah School of Greater Washington, Silver Spring, pointed out that the bill provides no such transfer of money and that the money would not otherwise be directed to the public schools.
"But (the bill) still takes money from the public coffers," said Del. Rice. The delegate said public schools face financial difficulties similar to nonpublic schools, and he challenged the rabbi to defend how nonpublic schools can ask for assistance.
"My answer is that if our schools close, everyone's in big trouble," said Rabbi Lutch.
Jewish day schools in Montgomery County save the state $36 million in per-pupil expenditures, Rabbi Lutch said. Nonpublic schools across the state save the state $1.5 billion in per-pupil expenditures, according to Ms. Russell. If nonpublic schools closed, there would be a tremendous financial impact on the state, they said.
Del. James. E. Proctor Jr. of Calvert and Prince George's counties, told the committee that the BOAST tax credit would provide important benefits to the public schools by helping secure additional funding for enrichment courses, afterschool programs and cultural initiatives. Organizations that provide educational programs, including the Living Classrooms Foundation, the Chesapeake Bay Foundation, the Walters Art Museum and the Maryland Science Center, were among the organizations submitting written testimony in support of the bill.
"I want to help all the children in Maryland," said Del. Proctor, chief sponsor of the legislation. "This bill isn't just for the nonpublic school students; it's for all students."
The delegate noted that the cost of the program is very modest and down significantly from past BOAST proposals.
Businesses participating in the BOAST program would receive a tax credit against the state income tax of 75 percent of their total donation to an eligible organization. Educational scholarship organizations and innovative educational organizations would be able to allocate up to 25 percent of their proceeds for grants to K-12 public and nonpublic teachers to assist them in becoming highly qualified.
BOAST is modeled after a similar program in Pennsylvania.


Botropase is a hemocoagulase preparation used to arrest bleeding of different etiology. It is an enzyme preparation with hemocoagulase activity which is attributable to the protein batroxobin. The enzyme clots pure fibrinogen like thrombin, releasing fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen. The enzyme possesses all the typical characteristics of serine proteases and has a molecular weight of 27,000 Da and its isoelectric point is around 7.5. , Botropase is said to have actions like thrombin. However, there are many differences between the two agents. Botropase is both systemic and local hemocoagulant unlike thrombin. Botropase induced clot is not structurally similar to thrombin clot. Botropase is not absorbed by clot like thrombin. It appears that even in the absence of calcium, botropase can cleave the fibrinogen into fibrin. Antithrombin III does not interfere with botropase hemocoagulant action. Over 6 decades, different preparations of botropase have been used clinically all over the world as a hemocoagulant. However, results have been difficult to interpret, and additional trials are needed to better define the optimum role of ancrod and batroxobin. ,,, There are no data available about the effects of botropase on clotting factors. Hence, the study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of botropase on various clotting factors.
It was a prospective open label study conducted in human healthy volunteers. Fifteen male healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 35 years were enrolled into the study after obtaining their written informed consent. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee. Subjects with history of smoking, alcohol, and drug addiction were excluded. Subjects with history of systemic illness, thromboembolic or hypercoagulability of blood, jaundice, and blood donation in the past 3 months were also excluded. The baseline investigations including coagulation parameters, blood sugar, liver function tests, renal function tests, X-ray, and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed. After the initial screening, subjects with abnormal bleeding time, clotting time, and prothrombin time were excluded from the study. Eligible subjects were admitted to intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital for a period of 36-48 h. Food and water intake was standardized during the study period. On the study day, 1 ml of botropase was administered intravenously and after an hour of same dose of botropase (1 ml) was given by intramuscular (IM) route. The efficacy and safety parameters were monitored up to 72 h from the time of intravenous (IV) administration. Fifteen blood samples were taken at regular intervals to evaluate the effects of botropase on different hematological parameters and coagulation cascade in particular. At the end of the study baseline investigations, X-ray and ECG were repeated. All the observed clinical signs and symptoms were documented and analyzed.
Statistical analysis was performed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11.0. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. For the analysis of efficacy of IM botropase, the values at 60 th min after IV botropase were taken as basal value.
Their mean age was 29.33 ± 3.94 years. Botropase has significantly reduced the plasma fibrinogen soon after 5 min of IV administration (P < 0.05). The average initial value of fibrinogen level was within widely accepted range (200-400 mg/dL). There was significant alterations in fibrin degradation products soon after 5 min of IV injection (P < 0.05). The basal value of factor X was 120.3 ± 18.52, which was reduced constantly following botropase administration. Although botropase produced reduction in clotting and bleeding time in all the volunteers, the data remains to be statistically insignificant [Table 1]. The prothrombin and activated partial thromboplasin time (aPTT) were not altered by botropase administration [Table 2].
Parenteral botropase has significantly altered fibrin degradation products level soon after 5 min of IV injection (P < 0.05) [Table 2]. This is well-correlated with its action on fibrinogen. However, in two volunteers at two point of time dependent observations have revealed variable results.
IM administration of botropase also decreased the levels of fibrinogen and factor X, but the decrease was statistically not significant [Table 3].
Different botropase preparations have been used to arrest bleeding of different etiology. The hemocoagulase action of botropase is attributable to the protein batroxobin. Batroxobin has been investigated in patients with stroke, deep-vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial thrombosis, priapism, and sickle-cell crisis. In the coagulation laboratory, batroxobin may be used as reagents to perform coagulation studies on specimens of blood that contain heparin. This can be substituted for thrombin in performing the thrombin time and in removing fibrinogen from plasma for accurate determination of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products.
The present study has generated scientific data, which is similar to observed clinical effects of botropase hitherto. Distinctly, the findings of this study offer a rational outlook for IV administration of botropase in human beings. It is known, that the thrombin should not be given by IV route, botropase stands a suitable alternative drug for IV hemocoagulant effect.
Botropase significantly reduces factor X level in plasma, which is pronounced soon after 10 min of IV administration and persisted up to the 20 th min. This evinces that botropase is a factor X activator. Activation of factor X triggers the formation of prothrombin, which converts into thrombin. Thus, the liberated thrombin acts on fibrinogen and produces a stable clot. This is an additional indirect mechanism by which botropase reinforces clot formation to arrest bleeding. Overall, botropase injection was well-tolerated and there were no serious adverse events. There was no evidence of thromboembolic episode.
Factor Xa is believed to be a stimulator of mitogenic response. Senden et al., have shown that exposure of human vascular endothelial cells to factor Xa stimulates the production of cytokines such as interleukins 6 and 8 and the expression of various other proteins.  It is also recognized that factor Xa causes a striking upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) gene expression. As already alluded, botropase is a prohealer.  Perhaps by activation of factor X, botropase enhances chemotaxis, cell migration, interleukin production, and promotes the action of growth factors like PDGF. This may contribute improved quality of wound repair following botropase administration. However, further research is necessary in this regard.
Botropase preparations contains cluster of proteins. There is an urgent need to isolate and deduce the structure of all proteins in this hemocoagulant preparation. Hopefully, this will pave new indications for each protein present in botropase formulation.
To conclude, present study demonstrates the therapeutic efficacy and safety of botropase as a hemocoagulant. It is a factor X activator. Botropase did not alter prothrombin time (PT) and aPTT in healthy volunteers. Clotting and bleeding time were reduced by botropase. These findings suggest that botropase is efficacious and safe for human use.
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