Kendall Long and Joe Amabile (affectionately known as Grocery Store Joe) have come a long way. The two met in Paradise and after a tearful breakup, found each other in the real world to reconcile and give their relationship another shot.
Today, they're wildly happy (and currently traveling the world together). When they get back from abroad, Amabile has plans to move to Los Angeles to be with Long (no more long distance!).
"We are gonna be moving in together. We're going to be doing some traveling. We're going to Europe and he has another project he's going to be doing but we're going to try to fit in moving in together sometime within the next couple months. So we're looking right now," Long said in a recent interview with Extra TV.
Long also said that she and Amabile would love to open up a restaurant together someday, once things slow down for them a little.
"Joe is so passionate about food and he just knows so much about the quality. He has an idea in his mind of the perfect restaurant he would open up, but right now there's so much going on that, you know, it's definitely something that we would think about in the future. I mean, a pizza place–that's kind of the idea, because he's Italian," said Long.
It's no secret that Amabile followed in his family's footsteps and owned and operated a grocery store–it's how he got his nickname, after all.
Fun fact: prior to owning a grocery store, Amabile was one of the youngest traders on the Chicago stock exchange.
Amabile knows his way around the grocery industry, but what about the restaurant industry? He certainly fancies himself a foodie. On his Instagram, you can find him reviewing all kinds of meals (including lots of burgers and pizza) in different cities.
Long is 200% supportive of Amabile and all of his ventures. She just went on the road with him for Dancing With The Stars (you could often see her in the audience cheering on Joe and his partner), and she'd be excited to stand behind him with this new restaurant venture as well.
And, no matter what, we know the two of them would have a lot of fun running a restaurant together, if nothing else.
"I think the thing I love the most about Joe is that he is unforgivably himself and so honest and he's just silly. Little tiny moments are made special and funny because when we're together he just–I just love his mind. He has sort of like a playfulness to him that's really refreshing and fun to be around and a curiosity," said Long.


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20908 zip code is located close to the center of Maryland. 20908 zip code is part of Montgomery County. On average, the public school district that covers 20908 zip code is much better than the state average in quality. The 20908 zip code area code is 301.


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UC Berkeley launches pop-up lab to test wastewater for COVID-19
Kara Manke/Courtesy
Asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic people do not usually receive or seek out clinical testing for COVID-19, so wastewater testing can provide a more 'complete picture' of the prevalence of the virus, according to Rose Kantor, a campus postdoctoral researcher working at the pop-up lab.
At the beginning of this month, a team of scientists at UC Berkeley launched a pop-up lab in Hildebrand Hall to test wastewater for the virus that causes COVID-19.
Berkeley Lab, UC Berkeley researchers find method for creating potential antibiotics from soil microbes
The search for new antibiotics is becoming more crucial as the development of new antibiotics has slowed and certain disease-causing bacteria are developing resistance to modern drugs, according to a press release.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


12.25 p.m. to 1.05 p.m.
For New students at the time of Admission.
Fine @ ` 100/- per month.
Fee once paid will not refunded.
Reflecting at the year gone by we undoubtedly take great pride in our students those who secured seats in Medicine and Engineering Colleges of national Importance as detailed below.
4. Hindi starts from Class UKG.
5. Computer Education is compulsory from Class I to IX.
Marks obtained in the four units/Half-yearly and Annual will also be considered for promotion to next higher class.
To keep the parents in touch with the performance of their children at school, Progress Reports will be sent periodically.
To encourage children for better performance, prizes are awarded to outstanding pupils. A student will be sent out from school if he/she fails twice in the same class.
A minimum of 75% of the total attendance of the academic session is necessary for a pupil to take the Annual Examination.
Shortage of attendance up to 15% may be condoned in case of genuine illness if supported by a medical certificate.
The school works in two sessions between 8.50 a.m. and 4.15 p.m. with usual intervals from Monday to Saturday except on Second Saturday. Daily assembly starts at 8.55 a.m.
All the pupils should attend classes regularly and punctually with their lessons well prepared.
Pupils shall keep the classrooms and the school premises absolutely clean. They are strictly forbidden to scribble or write anything or any mark on the walls or furniture.
Any damage caused to the school property must be reported immediately to the class teacher or to the principal and, the cost will be recovered from the pupils.
All the pupils must be present at the morning assembly.
No student is expected to leave the school during working hours without the permission of the principal.
Pupils are not allowed to bring valuables to the school, and the school is not responsible for goods lost.
Parents/Relatives are not allowed to enter classrooms during working hours.
If a student's behaviour is found deleterious, he/she will be sent out.
Every pupil must speak in English only.
Every pupil should be present on the first day of each term.
Application for leave should be noted in the diary and should be signed by the parent.
Children who come to school in the care of servants should never leave before the servants arrive. In case of delay they should report in the office.
Every pupil should carry with him/her daily his/her diary.
Pupils should keep their books and diaries clean and tidy covered and properly labeled.
Students will not be permitted to wear any dress other than the prescribed one on working days. Students will be sent back home they are not properly dressed or found in untidy uniform. They are expected to have regular hair and nails trim.
A small handbook like a diary is provided to each pupil of the school, to be used as a means of regular communication between teachers and parents. This diary should be brought to the school every day. Parents are requested to co-operate with the school authorities by complying with administrative and academic requirements in the interests of their ward's education. Parents are welcome to visit the school, by appointment, to talk to the teachers. Parents are also requested to attend all the functions celebrated by the school and help us to make them a success.


Here is a quick-and-dirty map I put together for my own reference of where the different Shifter Crimes Bureau field offices and (approximate) jurisdictions are. I am not sure why I used the Cancer zodiac symbol to represent them. I was trying to find a star in my wingdings font, but I found that and I just liked it?
Anyway, there are five regional offices. We will get our first look at the Southwest bureau in the tiger shifter book I'm currently working on (it's in an old military base near Tucson, out in the desert). There is also a Midwest office, an East Coast one, and one that handles the South.


text:
Living Art Women's High-Top Canvas Shoes
Size 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12
The classic, stylish high top canvas shoes will be a great addition to your wardrobe. Created with an artist's touch because you are Living Art!
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Important: This product is available in the following countries: United States, Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, New Zealand, Japan, Austria, Andorra, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See (Vatican city), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey. If your shipping address is outside these countries, please choose a different product.
Disclaimer: Because these products are made especially for you at the time of ordering, they are fresh and will have a glue-like smell when opening the box. The smell will disappear a few days after the shoes are unpacked.
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5 5 2.5 35.5 8 ⅝ 22 9 ¾
5.5 5.5 3 36 8 ⅞ 22.5 9 ¾
6 6 3.5 36.5 9.00 23 10.00
6.5 6.5 4 37.5 9 ⅛ 23.5 10 ¼
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7.5 7.5 5 38.5 9 ½ 24.5 10 ⅝
8 8 5.5 39 9 ⅝ 25 10 ⅝
8.5 8.5 6 40 9 ¾ 25.5 10 ¾
9 9 6.5 40.5 10 26 11 ⅛
9.5 9.5 7 41 10 ⅛ 26.5 11 ⅛
10 10 7.5 42 10 ¼ 27 11 ⅜
10.5 10.5 8 42.5 10 ½ 27.5 11 ⅝
11 11 8.5 43 10 ⅝ 28 11 ⅝
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12 12 9.5 44.5 11.00 29 12 ⅛


Which comments by headnsouth were best answers in Ask MetaFilter during 2017?
2017-12-27 Can I ask my MIL if she has her sh** together?
2017-11-28 Was I unclear or did they act in bad faith? Or alternative explanation?
2017-10-04 How much should I charge to manage social media?
2017-09-22 What arrangements do you have with adult children living at home?
2017-08-21 Figure-outer and get-doner for the super-rich. Does this job exist?
2017-08-10 Have you ever done a trial run before seriously moving in together?
2017-07-26 Can I ask her to be friends first?
2017-03-31 Pimp my curb appeal; or: What to change for the biggest impact?
2017-03-27 Is it possible to cut off just *one* toxic family member?
2017-02-06 Best ways to set boundries with a uncooperating co-parent ex?
2017-01-05 Do Pagans have a PR problem?


Softeco, digital company of TerniEnergia Group, joins the innovative sector of the autonomous driving vehicles – .: Italeaf Group – Innovation To Make The Change :.
The Consortium, coordinated by Softeco Sismat, is made up of industrial partners, car manufacturers, research centres and universities, non-profit organisations and technology suppliers.
The total financing obtained amounts to over Euro 3.9 million, of which Euro 0.52 million related to the activities carried out by the digital company of the TerniEnergia Group.
TerniEnergia, a smart company listed on the Italian Stock Exchange's electronic share market (MTA) and part of the Italeaf Group, announces that Softeco Sismat Srl, the Group's digital company, will coordinate the "Trustonomy" project on self-driven cars and vehicles.
The vision of the project, funded by the European Commission, is to increase the safety, confidence and acceptance of self-driving vehicles, helping to address the technological challenges and application scenarios, through an integrated and interdisciplinary approach. Trustonomy – a neologism from the combination of the words Trust and Autonomy – will receive a total funding of over Euro 3.9 million, of which Euro 0.52 million relating to the activities carried out by Softeco Sismat.
The Trustonomy project, bringing domain experts and ordinary citizens to work closely together, will investigate, setup, test and comparatively assess, in terms of performance, ethics and acceptability, different relevant technologies and approaches in a variety of autonomous driving and RtI scenarios, covering different types of users (in terms of age, gender, driving experience, etc.), road transport modes (private cars, trucks, buses), levels of automation (L3 – L5), driving conditions, etc..
The interdisciplinary nature of the consortium ensures cross-contamination and the right combination of expertise in all relevant scientific fields, ranging from psychology and driver behaviour/attitude analysis to driving status monitoring, from driver training to driver performance assessment, from HMI design to risk analysis models, from statistical inference and automatic learning to automotive solution testing, from professional driver data collection and analysis to telematic solutions, up to large next-generation data platforms. In addition, the balanced composition of the consortium in terms of stakeholder representation will allow a comprehensive evaluation of the project results from multiple perspectives, including scientific analysis (universities, research centers), operational evaluation (car manufacturers) and business opportunities (technology providers, associations).
The Consortium is composed of industrial partners such as Intrasoft (LUX), Vodafone Innovus (GRE), Solaris (POL) and Scania (ITA), as well as the Group's own digital company, and research centres such as ITS (POL), IFSTTAR (FRA) and CSIC (SPA), Universities such as Leeds (UK) and Patras (GRE), small and medium-sized enterprises such as Aitek (ITA), Catalink (CYP), Robocar and Skoda Stowarzyszenie Autoklub Poznanski Octavius (POL) and, finally, non-profit organisations such as Työtehoseura (FIN) and TTS Italia (ITA).
The financing confirms the constant commitment of the company in the development of innovative solutions in emerging technological fields such as Automous Driving and in the continuous technological transfer of solutions for its customers. The sector of sustainable and alternative mobility (Green Mobility), in which Softeco already offers a wide range of solutions into an area of growing interest for mobility operators and administrations involved in the development of solutions for the smart city, is one of the application areas of digital systems in which the company is an innovative player.


Leonardo DiCaprio is working again with the director Quentin Tarantino in the latter's as yet untitled 1969-set movie. The pair previously worked together on Tarantino's bloody western, Django Unchained. DiCaprio played the main villain of that movie, Calvin Candie. Though DiCaprio infamously cut his hand during filming (and kept going), the role earned him just one of his (many) Oscar nominations. DiCaprio did not win for Django Unchained, although many thought he should.
However, DiCaprio's newest role with Tarantino will be the actor's first movie since his Oscar win for The Revenant. It remains to be seen, obviously, if this newest role will give DiCaprio his second Oscar. However, based on the film's premise and Tarantino's involvement, it sounds like a potential awards season contender. Although Tarantino's work hasn't always been loved by The Academy, he has already won two Oscars to date for his screenwriting.
According to Deadline, DiCaprio is now set to appear in Tarantino's new movie. A deal has not been finalized just yet, but that is expected to change in the foreseeable future. The film may not have a title yet, but its release date is significant as it falls on the 50th anniversary of the murder of Sharon Tate by the Mason family. Margot Robbie has been approached to play the ill-fated actress, though Tarantino claims the movie won't really be about Manson. Rather, it will be a Pulp Fiction-esque film that simply takes place at the time of the Manson murders in Hollywood.
DiCaprio has been reportedly been cast as an aging actor in Tarantino's new film. While the role is said to be "meaty", almost no specific details have been released about the plot or the character. Evidently though, DiCaprio has landed one of the two major male roles that Tom Cruise was said to be circling at one point. Cruise, Robbie, and DiCaprio aren't the only big names linked to Tarantino's new film, either. Variety is reporting that Tarantino also wants Al Pacino in the movie, and that the filmmaker has even written a role in the movie specifically for the veteran actor.
It will be interesting to see how the movie shakes out, once it has fully come together. Tarantino has been on a kick recently of creating films set in the past, with his own very bloody twist and tone added to them. Using the Manson Murders as a backdrop is a perfect fit for the director's sensibilities and creative outlook.
This could also stand to be the movie that finally wins Tarantino some major awards for Directing and/or Best Picture. The Academy typically loves movies made about Hollywood, especially old Hollywood, which is what Tarantino seems to be aiming for in this latest project. If the Academy takes a liking to his latest creation, then Tarantion may end up adding even more Oscars to his shelf.


So, are we using core rules only? Any supplements available? I would like to play a half-elf, but if you aren't using those, that's okay.
equipment emporium, combat options, druids , and the half humans supplements.
Maybe he should be the one making the character sheets thread with the rules he wants to use?
I can wait. Though he did say he wanted the characters by Monday, which worries me. After all, I want my character to be correct for the game.
I am working on a simple PC concept then. Just a standard one.
Hi all. I somehow managed to worm my way in here. Hope y'all don't mind too awfully. In any event I'm planning on playing a male human fighter...unless of course that's totally out of the question.
So, who all is playing in this game? I know SerGavin, myself, and black1blade, but is there anyone else?


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Modern Warfare's new multiplayer mode is 2v2 on miniscule map
Published: 18:37, 11 July 2019
Call of Duty Modern Warfare
Activision and Infinity Ward have revealed a brand new multiplayer mode that will be introduced in the upcoming Call of Duty Modern Warfare. Named Gunfight, it's a four-player, two-versus-two mode set on a series of custom made maps.
Call of Duty Modern Warfare game modes are yet to be detailed by the developer Infinity Ward but that is set to change in the upcoming weeks with the scheduled full reveal of a brand new multiplayer mode named Gunfight.
In today's announcement, Activision and Infinity Ward teased the new mode and shared a couple of initial details, enough to give players a clue on what exactly they can expect from the new feature.
According to the announcement, Gunfight is one of several multiplayer modes in the upcoming Modern Warfare reboot and represents just a small taste of the overall Multiplayer experience.
It's a four-player mode in which two teams battle each other on "a series of custom-made, confined maps - the smallest of those present in Multiplayer". In Gunfight, everyone gets the same loadout that changes every two rounds.
The first duo to win six rounds wins the match. Each round lasts 40 seconds and if it happens that no one has an advantage after the timer runs out, Overtime begins in which a special flag spawns. The team that captures the flag or eliminates the other team, wins the match.
We also got first screenshots of three maps named King, Pine and Stack. King is set in a warehouse, Pine in a dense forest while Stack is a desert container yard.
Some Call of Duty streamers have been given access to this mode and you can take a closer look at the gameplay . Activision and Infinity Ward will also reveal an in-depth look at the gameplay on 01 August 2019.
Activision Call of Duty: Modern Warfare
Call of Duty Modern Warfare is hitting the shelves on 25 October 2019 for PC, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.
Visit Activision's blog for the and for more news about the reboot, read about and rumoured .
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare is a reboot of the original series
Overwatch 2 Lunar New Year event goes live in disappointing fashion
Overwatch 2 is getting a barebones Lunar New Year for 2023 as the skins are few and far in between and the players have to pay for a third of them.
Overwatch 2: Battle for Olympus event details revealed through trailer
Overwatch 2 are embodying the deities of Olympus soon and some of the most important details have been revealed.
Call of Duty: Warzone 2 is getting a Santa Clause DLC
Call of Duty: Modern Warfare II and Call of Duty: Warzone 2 are both getting a Christmas bundle that will contain a new operator and a few cosmetics, but is the 20$ price tag a bit too high for these items?
Overwatch 2 patch buffs Ana, nerfs Doomfist and more
Blizzard has swooped in with a balance patch for Overwatch 2, nerfing a few overperforming heroes and buffing the weaker ones while some were still left untended.
Season 2 introduces new Overwatch 2 map and brings a truck of hero balance changes
Season 2 in Overwatch 2 will bring more than just cosmetics to the game but some things will have to go on a cooldown as well.


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Michigan Candidate Karamo Threatened to Crash Car with Family After Husband Sought Divorce, He Alleges
September 02, 2022, 5:00 PM by Allan Lengel
Kristina Karamo
Kristina Karamo, Michigan's Republican nominee for secretary of state, allegedly tried to crash a car with her husband and two children in it when he asked for a divorce, he claimed in Oakland County family court documents discovered by Jezebel. She denies the allegations.
The news site writes that Karamo's ex-husband, Adom Karamo, claimed that the Trump-backed candidate threatened multiple times to kill herself or their daughters, now 13 and 14. The allegations were in 2021 motions seeking additional parenting time with the daughters after the marriage ended.
Adom also alleged in one incident that he was driving the whole family and Karamo "attempted to wrestle control of the vehicle" from him and "crash it." He claimed that she said in the moment, "Fuck it, I'll kill us all."
He also alleged that she was committed to a healthcare facility for a mental health evaluation, Jezebel reports. Adom, who lives in Florida, says in a court filing that the car incident happened several years ago, and he didn't believe Karamo was in that shaky state of mind any longer, Jezebel reports.
Karamo, her campaign, and the Michigan Republican Party did not respond to multiple requests for comment, from Jezebel. Her attorney tells the the New York-based publication: "I will not discuss anything with you."
But Fox 2 reports that she denies the allegations, saying her husband made the false statements to exploit her.
"Media entities and my opponents are desperate so they want to push false allegations with ZERO evidence," she said in a statement. They are terrified of this movement uniting Michiganders of diverse beliefs and backgrounds that will save this state!
"I love my children; I have forgiven my ex-husband, and I look forward to serving the citizens of Michigan."
In a court filing, Karamo's attorney last October denied the candidate threatened to kill herself or their daughters. It noted that since the divorce Adom has left the daughters in his wife's care without objection, and his judgment would have been questioned had he thought their safety was at risk.
► Full post at Jezebel
► Husband's court motion
Read more: Jezebel
Allan Lengel
Nancy Derringer
Violet Ikonomova
Alan Stamm
Joe Lapointe
Chad Selweski
Michael Lucido
Greg Bowens
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What's wrong with the water in the DOC?
Read the letter that #DeeperThanWater sent Commissioner Thomas Turco on November 28, 2017 here.


text:
Religion and Public Politics
Ghia Nodia
All articles from Tabula #42 (June 2014)
Beka Mindiashvili: Judas's Night
interview with Bruce Jackson
Konstantine Ladaria: Numbers and Surrealism
Simon Janashia: School as a System for Disciplining Society
Natalia Giorgobiani: PER ASPERA AD ASTRA
Elene Kekelia: The Collaborationism of Confused Minds
Ghia Nodia: Religion and Public Politics
Tina Burjaliani: The Price of Human Rights Violations during War and Occupation
Gia Japaridze: In Colonial Dependence
Luis Navarro: People favor the government less, but do not see an alternative
Irakli Magradze: Waiting for One Month of Paradise
Wednesday, June 11, 2014 - 5:13pm 0 comments
By Ghia Nodia
The Georgian Orthodox Church lost another battle with the secular government when the latter recently adopted an antidiscrimination law. It does not matter that this law changes virtually nothing: the key issue here is that the Church, despite applying its authority and influence in an effort to block the law, failed to achieve its main aim – to cause the lawmakers to delete notions of sexual minorities and gender identity from the law.
This is at least the second such defeat experienced by the Church. The first came in the spring of 2011, when the parliamentary majority of the United National Movement adopted, against the will of the Orthodox Church, a legislative amendment enabling religious minorities in Georgia to register as legal persons in public law.
I firmly believe that people should not be discriminated against on the grounds of their religion or sexual orientation, but this is not the topic of my discussion here. The above mentioned episodes interest me in relation to an absolutely different issue: what place can or should the Church have in public politics?
My opinion on this issue significantly differs from that of many other people who, like me, are against any discrimination and, in general, are unhappy that the Georgian Orthodox Church has turned into an institution fanning anti-liberal and xenophobic sentiments.
Who has the right to interfere with the affairs of the state?
The key here is how we pose the question. A popular Georgian TV talk show (Reaction, hosted by Inga Grigolia) asked its viewers: "Should religion interfere with state affairs or not?" The results of the poll saw some 90 percent of viewers responding positively, thereby raising concerns among pro-European liberals.
I will, however, challenge the formulation of the question. Had I been asked this question, I would have found it difficult to answer because I do not understand what "interference with affairs" means.
A large segment of liberal society thinks that it understands the correct relationship between religion and public politics. I will call this view "naïve secularism." This vision deems any claims that the Church has to influence state affairs, and legislators in particular, to be unacceptable. During the sitting of the parliamentary commission to discuss the draft antidiscrimination law, some people found it very "depressing" to see the hall of parliament dominated by "black" – i.e. the attendance of many clerics clad in black religious robes. Tamar Kordzaia, one of the most liberal MPs from the Georgian Dream and formerly a civil society activist, even left the sitting in protest against the "violence undertaken against parliament" – as she viewed the activism of the religious servants.
The dominance of religious vestments in the hall of parliament was taken as a flagrant manifestation of the Church's "meddling" in state affairs. Aside from the clerics, the committee's meeting was also attended by representatives of non-governmental organizations who also criticized the draft law. However, the content of their criticism was the opposite of that of the clergy: they were demanding that the law provide more concrete and viable mechanisms to ensure the protection of minority rights.
Let me now raise some questions: does the Georgian Young Lawyers' Association, a non-governmental organization, have the right to interfere in state affairs? Could the persistent demands from this or other non-governmental organizations that laws comply with the criteria they deem correct also be qualified as a form of "violence against parliament?"
Many will accuse me of blasphemy by posing questions in such a way. They will argue that the role of civil society is to influence the state and that, in general, a democratic state differs from an authoritarian one by allowing others (including the international community) to regularly interfere in its affairs; they will say that this is an absolutely normal phenomenon.
But, if the Young Lawyers' Association has the right to interfere in state affairs, how justified is it to deprive the Orthodox Church of that same right?
The end of naïve secularism
According to the vision of naïve secularism, the Church must be totally isolated from political issues. It must care for the souls of humans and their eternal salvation, which has nothing to do with politics. Has it not been said: "Render unto Caesar the things that are Caesar's, and unto God the things that are God's?" Indeed, in the vernacular of sociology this is called the "privatization of religion."
But this has never been the case in practice. There was an illusion that development and education would gradually lead us towards this situation. In reality, however, that illusion rested on the assumption that people would become less religious with the spread of education. A prerequisite for the radical separation of the Church and the state is that the majority of people stop visiting church, thus causing the influence the Church has on people to abate. This is exactly what happened in Western Europe and, consequently, the political role of the Church there has diminished.
However, this has not happened in other parts of the world, including in the highly advanced United States where religion and the Church remain important for people. The Church and its congregation remains a social force. In this article we have neither the time nor the need to delve deeper into what that rests upon: whether people really feel the blessing of heavenly power and try to live in accordance with religious commandments, or whether the Church is a symbol of identity (for example, of being Georgian) and the basis of certain social conventions. The important thing to take into account is the reality that in Georgia the Church is a social force.
If this is true, then religion will influence politics. In any case, it is impossible to block the Church, even in incomplete democracies. Being a social force also means having the capacity to mobilize people. Groups rallying around the Church can apply legal democratic mechanisms to defend their demands: for example, to stage a protest or participate with other people in the process of considering a law in parliament. No one can prohibit the Church from doing so.
Over the past decade, serious scholars have thus rejected the thesis of naïve secularism: those countries in which the privatization of religion actually works are exceptions to the rule. The role of religion in public politics is increasing worldwide. The demand that "the Church must not interfere with politics" is both unrealistic and a bit outdated.
I have heard a thesis particularly out of touch with reality from several leftists in Georgia: we cannot prohibit the political activity of the Church because in many places, for example, in Latin America, there are many "progressive" priests who interfere with politics. However, those priests who are bad must definitely be isolated from state affairs. But how can we do that? If the Church is able and so desires to influence politics with legal methods, no one can prohibit it from doing so. It does not matter in the slightest whether the demands of the Church are acceptable for leftist or rightist liberals or not.
Dual separation and enlightened authoritarianism
That does not mean that we do not have any grounds for concern in this regard in Georgia. It merely means that we must raise the issue in a different way. Today, when speaking about secularism, one often hears reference to the formula of Juan Linz and Alfred Stepan about the "dual separation" of the state and the Church. Actually, that formula means double autonomy: the Church must be able to operate independently of the state, whilst the government must be able to take decisions independent of the Church. In recent times, the latter direction seems to have been difficult in Georgia.
A truly democratic and simultaneously liberal state is possible under the conditions of pluralism – i.e. of competition between various social forces. If, a priori, we consider the Church to be the only social force, then a democratic state will fail to stand up to its pressure and may turn into a theocracy. In such a case, we would need to have a different type of discussion – what is preferred: a secular tyranny or a democratic theocracy? This is a dilemma that, for example, Egyptian society faces to some extent. However, if the Church is just one social force, counterbalanced by other forces, then this is an absolutely normal situation in a democracy.
Is the Church the only, or at least the most significant, social force in Georgia? Maybe it is, but we are not one hundred percent sure about that. This is something that can be revealed by its activity, by its political actions. We cannot answer this question based solely on the astronomically high ratings of the Catholicos Patriarch or on the results of interactive talk-show polls.
That is why it is important to analyze those precedents that I started this article with. What did the political defeat of the Church in those instances mean? Did it mean that enlightened authoritarianism gained the upper hand over popular xenophobia? Or, did it mean that the state has established a balance between the demands of various social forces?
In my opinion, we cannot clearly claim that either of these things have occurred, though enlightened authoritarianism seems the more plausible. The government of the United National Movement admitted that the Church was an influential social force and tried not to anger it, especially when it was afraid of an alliance between the Church and the political opposition. However, by the spring of 2011, the political opposition was so weakened that the government dared to adopt the legislative amendment enabling religious minorities to register as legal persons in public law, i.e. to take a step that, despite being fair and necessary for the state, was unacceptable for the Church. Although everything was done in accordance with democratic procedures, it can be said that that step was made possible because of a shortage of democracy – namely, the extreme weakness of the political opposition. Under the conditions of a strong and active opposition in harmony with the Church, the United National Movement would not probably have dared to have done that. Back then, no one could have predicted that within several months a billionaire would appear, like a cherub from the sky for the opposition, who would radically upset the political balance and ultimately, in a close union with the Church, push the United National Movement from power.
In 2014, by appearance, the process looked more democratic. What we saw during the recent parliamentary committee sitting did not look like violence undertaken against parliament, but rather like a celebration of democracy. Two different cohorts of civil society sat next to each other in the hall of parliament – one representing religious traditionalism, the other the modern philosophy of human rights. The state, i.e. parliament in that particular case, tried to accommodate the opinions of both sides, albeit ultimately leaving both dissatisfied (though the Church to a greater extent). Dual separation worked.
That episode would deserve to be used as a case study in textbooks on democracy had it not been for one circumstance.
Virtually no one believes that the decision the parliamentary majority took was independent. Instead, it obeyed the instructions of a single person who has no constitutional powers. I do not know what the motive of Bidzina Ivanishvili was when he caused the majority to adopt the antidiscrimination law: perhaps he is a true liberal in terms of this issue; perhaps he is irritated about the Church trying to restrict his personal powers. But the reality is that the antidiscrimination law was adopted owing to the will of Ivanishvili alone: without this, the parliamentary majority might well have behaved differently.
The authoritative reality lies behind the veneer of democracy once again.
Conclusion: the political force of the Church
Still, how great is the power of the Church as a political actor? So far we can say only two things. Firstly, that the Church has learned how to use the methods of democratic politics to achieve its goals. It has noticed that governments take heed of social forces depending on the number of people they can rally to the streets. That is why we increasingly often hear political warnings from the Church: "do not make us too angry – if it comes to taking people to the streets, we are second to none in that;" and a threat specifically addressed to the current government: "we brought you to power and we will be able to see you off as well."
Secondly, the Church is not yet acting as a political party, but as a partner of political parties. During the rule of the United National Movement, it tried to observe a certain balance for quite a long time, but by the time of the parliamentary elections of October 2012, it openly sided with the political opposition. Now it is in confusion and cannot truly determine which political force to back. While it attempts to figure things out, the Church continues to demonstrate its power with events such as the 17 May rally.
As a political actor, the Church may not be as powerful as it threatens. The process is dangerous for it. As happened in other countries, open politicization may diminish its social influence because links with politics will make its aura of sanctity fade.
On the other hand, unless a clear dictatorship is installed, no one can tell the Church not to meddle in state affairs. The important thing is for the state to be autonomous of the Church in matters of principle, for example, in defending the equality of citizens, and to be able to stand up to its pressure. That precedents for this have now been set by two successive and otherwise opposing governments is an important development, but this alone provides no guarantees.
Topics: ReligionChurchPolitics Short link:
Thumbnail photo: დიმა ჩიკვაიძე
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text:
import {ParsedEvent, ParsedProperty, ParsedVariable} from '../expression_parser/ast';
import * as i18n from '../i18n/i18n_ast';
import * as html from '../ml_parser/ast';
import {replaceNgsp} from '../ml_parser/html_whitespaces';
import {isNgTemplate} from '../ml_parser/tags';
import {InterpolatedAttributeToken, InterpolatedTextToken} from '../ml_parser/tokens';
import {ParseError, ParseErrorLevel, ParseSourceSpan} from '../parse_util';
import {isStyleUrlResolvable} from '../style_url_resolver';
import {BindingParser} from '../template_parser/binding_parser';
import {PreparsedElementType, preparseElement} from '../template_parser/template_preparser';

import * as t from './r3_ast';
import {I18N_ICU_VAR_PREFIX, isI18nRootNode} from './view/i18n/util';

const BIND_NAME_REGEXP = /^(?:(bind-)|(let-)|(ref-|#)|(on-)|(bindon-)|(@))(.*)$/;

// Group 1 = "bind-"
const KW_BIND_IDX = 1;
// Group 2 = "let-"
const KW_LET_IDX = 2;
// Group 3 = "ref-/#"
const KW_REF_IDX = 3;
// Group 4 = "on-"
const KW_ON_IDX = 4;
// Group 5 = "bindon-"
const KW_BINDON_IDX = 5;
// Group 6 = "@"
const KW_AT_IDX = 6;
// Group 7 = the identifier after "bind-", "let-", "ref-/#", "on-", "bindon-" or "@"
const IDENT_KW_IDX = 7;

const BINDING_DELIMS = {
  BANANA_BOX: {start: '[(', end: ')]'},
  PROPERTY: {start: '[', end: ']'},
  EVENT: {start: '(', end: ')'},
};

const TEMPLATE_ATTR_PREFIX = '*';

// Result of the html AST to Ivy AST transformation
export interface Render3ParseResult {
  nodes: t.Node[];
  errors: ParseError[];
  styles: string[];
  styleUrls: string[];
  ngContentSelectors: string[];
  // Will be defined if `Render3ParseOptions['collectCommentNodes']` is true
  commentNodes?: t.Comment[];
}

interface Render3ParseOptions {
  collectCommentNodes: boolean;
}

export function htmlAstToRender3Ast(
    htmlNodes: html.Node[], bindingParser: BindingParser,
    options: Render3ParseOptions): Render3ParseResult {
  const transformer = new HtmlAstToIvyAst(bindingParser, options);
  const ivyNodes = html.visitAll(transformer, htmlNodes);

  // Errors might originate in either the binding parser or the html to ivy transformer
  const allErrors = bindingParser.errors.concat(transformer.errors);

  const result: Render3ParseResult = {
    nodes: ivyNodes,
    errors: allErrors,
    styleUrls: transformer.styleUrls,
    styles: transformer.styles,
    ngContentSelectors: transformer.ngContentSelectors
  };
  if (options.collectCommentNodes) {
    result.commentNodes = transformer.commentNodes;
  }
  return result;
}

class HtmlAstToIvyAst implements html.Visitor {
  errors: ParseError[] = [];
  styles: string[] = [];
  styleUrls: string[] = [];
  ngContentSelectors: string[] = [];
  // This array will be populated if `Render3ParseOptions['collectCommentNodes']` is true
  commentNodes: t.Comment[] = [];
  private inI18nBlock: boolean = false;

  constructor(private bindingParser: BindingParser, private options: Render3ParseOptions) {}

  // HTML visitor
  visitElement(element: html.Element): t.Node|null {
    const isI18nRootElement = isI18nRootNode(element.i18n);
    if (isI18nRootElement) {
      if (this.inI18nBlock) {
        this.reportError(
            'Cannot mark an element as translatable inside of a translatable section. Please remove the nested i18n marker.',
            element.sourceSpan);
      }
      this.inI18nBlock = true;
    }
    const preparsedElement = preparseElement(element);
    if (preparsedElement.type === PreparsedElementType.SCRIPT) {
      return null;
    } else if (preparsedElement.type === PreparsedElementType.STYLE) {
      const contents = textContents(element);
      if (contents !== null) {
        this.styles.push(contents);
      }
      return null;
    } else if (
        preparsedElement.type === PreparsedElementType.STYLESHEET &&
        isStyleUrlResolvable(preparsedElement.hrefAttr)) {
      this.styleUrls.push(preparsedElement.hrefAttr);
      return null;
    }

    // Whether the element is a `<ng-template>`
    const isTemplateElement = isNgTemplate(element.name);

    const parsedProperties: ParsedProperty[] = [];
    const boundEvents: t.BoundEvent[] = [];
    const variables: t.Variable[] = [];
    const references: t.Reference[] = [];
    const attributes: t.TextAttribute[] = [];
    const i18nAttrsMeta: {[key: string]: i18n.I18nMeta} = {};

    const templateParsedProperties: ParsedProperty[] = [];
    const templateVariables: t.Variable[] = [];

    // Whether the element has any *-attribute
    let elementHasInlineTemplate = false;

    for (const attribute of element.attrs) {
      let hasBinding = false;
      const normalizedName = normalizeAttributeName(attribute.name);

      // `*attr` defines template bindings
      let isTemplateBinding = false;

      if (attribute.i18n) {
        i18nAttrsMeta[attribute.name] = attribute.i18n;
      }

      if (normalizedName.startsWith(TEMPLATE_ATTR_PREFIX)) {
        // *-attributes
        if (elementHasInlineTemplate) {
          this.reportError(
              `Can't have multiple template bindings on one element. Use only one attribute prefixed with *`,
              attribute.sourceSpan);
        }
        isTemplateBinding = true;
        elementHasInlineTemplate = true;
        const templateValue = attribute.value;
        const templateKey = normalizedName.substring(TEMPLATE_ATTR_PREFIX.length);

        const parsedVariables: ParsedVariable[] = [];
        const absoluteValueOffset = attribute.valueSpan ?
            attribute.valueSpan.start.offset :
            // If there is no value span the attribute does not have a value, like `attr` in
            //`<div attr></div>`. In this case, point to one character beyond the last character of
            // the attribute name.
            attribute.sourceSpan.start.offset + attribute.name.length;

        this.bindingParser.parseInlineTemplateBinding(
            templateKey, templateValue, attribute.sourceSpan, absoluteValueOffset, [],
            templateParsedProperties, parsedVariables, true /* isIvyAst */);
        templateVariables.push(...parsedVariables.map(
            v => new t.Variable(v.name, v.value, v.sourceSpan, v.keySpan, v.valueSpan)));
      } else {
        // Check for variables, events, property bindings, interpolation
        hasBinding = this.parseAttribute(
            isTemplateElement, attribute, [], parsedProperties, boundEvents, variables, references);
      }

      if (!hasBinding && !isTemplateBinding) {
        // don't include the bindings as attributes as well in the AST
        attributes.push(this.visitAttribute(attribute));
      }
    }

    const children: t.Node[] =
        html.visitAll(preparsedElement.nonBindable ? NON_BINDABLE_VISITOR : this, element.children);

    let parsedElement: t.Content|t.Template|t.Element|undefined;
    if (preparsedElement.type === PreparsedElementType.NG_CONTENT) {
      // `<ng-content>`
      if (element.children &&
          !element.children.every(
              (node: html.Node) => isEmptyTextNode(node) || isCommentNode(node))) {
        this.reportError(`<ng-content> element cannot have content.`, element.sourceSpan);
      }
      const selector = preparsedElement.selectAttr;
      const attrs: t.TextAttribute[] = element.attrs.map(attr => this.visitAttribute(attr));
      parsedElement = new t.Content(selector, attrs, element.sourceSpan, element.i18n);

      this.ngContentSelectors.push(selector);
    } else if (isTemplateElement) {
      // `<ng-template>`
      const attrs = this.extractAttributes(element.name, parsedProperties, i18nAttrsMeta);

      parsedElement = new t.Template(
          element.name, attributes, attrs.bound, boundEvents, [/* no template attributes */],
          children, references, variables, element.sourceSpan, element.startSourceSpan,
          element.endSourceSpan, element.i18n);
    } else {
      const attrs = this.extractAttributes(element.name, parsedProperties, i18nAttrsMeta);
      parsedElement = new t.Element(
          element.name, attributes, attrs.bound, boundEvents, children, references,
          element.sourceSpan, element.startSourceSpan, element.endSourceSpan, element.i18n);
    }

    if (elementHasInlineTemplate) {
      // If this node is an inline-template (e.g. has *ngFor) then we need to create a template
      // node that contains this node.
      // Moreover, if the node is an element, then we need to hoist its attributes to the template
      // node for matching against content projection selectors.
      const attrs = this.extractAttributes('ng-template', templateParsedProperties, i18nAttrsMeta);
      const templateAttrs: (t.TextAttribute|t.BoundAttribute)[] = [];
      attrs.literal.forEach(attr => templateAttrs.push(attr));
      attrs.bound.forEach(attr => templateAttrs.push(attr));
      const hoistedAttrs = parsedElement instanceof t.Element ?
          {
            attributes: parsedElement.attributes,
            inputs: parsedElement.inputs,
            outputs: parsedElement.outputs,
          } :
          {attributes: [], inputs: [], outputs: []};

      // For <ng-template>s with structural directives on them, avoid passing i18n information to
      // the wrapping template to prevent unnecessary i18n instructions from being generated. The
      // necessary i18n meta information will be extracted from child elements.
      const i18n = isTemplateElement && isI18nRootElement ? undefined : element.i18n;
      const name = parsedElement instanceof t.Template ? null : parsedElement.name;

      parsedElement = new t.Template(
          name, hoistedAttrs.attributes, hoistedAttrs.inputs, hoistedAttrs.outputs, templateAttrs,
          [parsedElement], [/* no references */], templateVariables, element.sourceSpan,
          element.startSourceSpan, element.endSourceSpan, i18n);
    }
    if (isI18nRootElement) {
      this.inI18nBlock = false;
    }
    return parsedElement;
  }

  visitAttribute(attribute: html.Attribute): t.TextAttribute {
    return new t.TextAttribute(
        attribute.name, attribute.value, attribute.sourceSpan, attribute.keySpan,
        attribute.valueSpan, attribute.i18n);
  }

  visitText(text: html.Text): t.Node {
    return this._visitTextWithInterpolation(text.value, text.sourceSpan, text.tokens, text.i18n);
  }

  visitExpansion(expansion: html.Expansion): t.Icu|null {
    if (!expansion.i18n) {
      // do not generate Icu in case it was created
      // outside of i18n block in a template
      return null;
    }
    if (!isI18nRootNode(expansion.i18n)) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid type "${expansion.i18n.constructor}" for "i18n" property of ${
          expansion.sourceSpan.toString()}. Expected a "Message"`);
    }
    const message = expansion.i18n;
    const vars: {[name: string]: t.BoundText} = {};
    const placeholders: {[name: string]: t.Text|t.BoundText} = {};
    // extract VARs from ICUs - we process them separately while
    // assembling resulting message via goog.getMsg function, since
    // we need to pass them to top-level goog.getMsg call
    Object.keys(message.placeholders).forEach(key => {
      const value = message.placeholders[key];
      if (key.startsWith(I18N_ICU_VAR_PREFIX)) {
        // Currently when the `plural` or `select` keywords in an ICU contain trailing spaces (e.g.
        // `{count, select , ...}`), these spaces are also included into the key names in ICU vars
        // (e.g. "VAR_SELECT "). These trailing spaces are not desirable, since they will later be
        // converted into `_` symbols while normalizing placeholder names, which might lead to
        // mismatches at runtime (i.e. placeholder will not be replaced with the correct value).
        const formattedKey = key.trim();

        const ast = this.bindingParser.parseInterpolationExpression(value.text, value.sourceSpan);

        vars[formattedKey] = new t.BoundText(ast, value.sourceSpan);
      } else {
        placeholders[key] = this._visitTextWithInterpolation(value.text, value.sourceSpan, null);
      }
    });
    return new t.Icu(vars, placeholders, expansion.sourceSpan, message);
  }

  visitExpansionCase(expansionCase: html.ExpansionCase): null {
    return null;
  }

  visitComment(comment: html.Comment): null {
    if (this.options.collectCommentNodes) {
      this.commentNodes.push(new t.Comment(comment.value || '', comment.sourceSpan));
    }
    return null;
  }

  // convert view engine `ParsedProperty` to a format suitable for IVY
  private extractAttributes(
      elementName: string, properties: ParsedProperty[],
      i18nPropsMeta: {[key: string]: i18n.I18nMeta}):
      {bound: t.BoundAttribute[], literal: t.TextAttribute[]} {
    const bound: t.BoundAttribute[] = [];
    const literal: t.TextAttribute[] = [];

    properties.forEach(prop => {
      const i18n = i18nPropsMeta[prop.name];
      if (prop.isLiteral) {
        literal.push(new t.TextAttribute(
            prop.name, prop.expression.source || '', prop.sourceSpan, prop.keySpan, prop.valueSpan,
            i18n));
      } else {
        // Note that validation is skipped and property mapping is disabled
        // due to the fact that we need to make sure a given prop is not an
        // input of a directive and directive matching happens at runtime.
        const bep = this.bindingParser.createBoundElementProperty(
            elementName, prop, /* skipValidation */ true, /* mapPropertyName */ false);
        bound.push(t.BoundAttribute.fromBoundElementProperty(bep, i18n));
      }
    });

    return {bound, literal};
  }

  private parseAttribute(
      isTemplateElement: boolean, attribute: html.Attribute, matchableAttributes: string[][],
      parsedProperties: ParsedProperty[], boundEvents: t.BoundEvent[], variables: t.Variable[],
      references: t.Reference[]) {
    const name = normalizeAttributeName(attribute.name);
    const value = attribute.value;
    const srcSpan = attribute.sourceSpan;
    const absoluteOffset =
        attribute.valueSpan ? attribute.valueSpan.start.offset : srcSpan.start.offset;

    function createKeySpan(srcSpan: ParseSourceSpan, prefix: string, identifier: string) {
      // We need to adjust the start location for the keySpan to account for the removed 'data-'
      // prefix from `normalizeAttributeName`.
      const normalizationAdjustment = attribute.name.length - name.length;
      const keySpanStart = srcSpan.start.moveBy(prefix.length + normalizationAdjustment);
      const keySpanEnd = keySpanStart.moveBy(identifier.length);
      return new ParseSourceSpan(keySpanStart, keySpanEnd, keySpanStart, identifier);
    }

    const bindParts = name.match(BIND_NAME_REGEXP);

    if (bindParts) {
      if (bindParts[KW_BIND_IDX] != null) {
        const identifier = bindParts[IDENT_KW_IDX];
        const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, bindParts[KW_BIND_IDX], identifier);
        this.bindingParser.parsePropertyBinding(
            identifier, value, false, srcSpan, absoluteOffset, attribute.valueSpan,
            matchableAttributes, parsedProperties, keySpan);

      } else if (bindParts[KW_LET_IDX]) {
        if (isTemplateElement) {
          const identifier = bindParts[IDENT_KW_IDX];
          const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, bindParts[KW_LET_IDX], identifier);
          this.parseVariable(identifier, value, srcSpan, keySpan, attribute.valueSpan, variables);
        } else {
          this.reportError(`"let-" is only supported on ng-template elements.`, srcSpan);
        }

      } else if (bindParts[KW_REF_IDX]) {
        const identifier = bindParts[IDENT_KW_IDX];
        const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, bindParts[KW_REF_IDX], identifier);
        this.parseReference(identifier, value, srcSpan, keySpan, attribute.valueSpan, references);
      } else if (bindParts[KW_ON_IDX]) {
        const events: ParsedEvent[] = [];
        const identifier = bindParts[IDENT_KW_IDX];
        const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, bindParts[KW_ON_IDX], identifier);
        this.bindingParser.parseEvent(
            identifier, value, /* isAssignmentEvent */ false, srcSpan,
            attribute.valueSpan || srcSpan, matchableAttributes, events, keySpan);
        addEvents(events, boundEvents);
      } else if (bindParts[KW_BINDON_IDX]) {
        const identifier = bindParts[IDENT_KW_IDX];
        const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, bindParts[KW_BINDON_IDX], identifier);
        this.bindingParser.parsePropertyBinding(
            identifier, value, false, srcSpan, absoluteOffset, attribute.valueSpan,
            matchableAttributes, parsedProperties, keySpan);
        this.parseAssignmentEvent(
            identifier, value, srcSpan, attribute.valueSpan, matchableAttributes, boundEvents,
            keySpan);
      } else if (bindParts[KW_AT_IDX]) {
        const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, '', name);
        this.bindingParser.parseLiteralAttr(
            name, value, srcSpan, absoluteOffset, attribute.valueSpan, matchableAttributes,
            parsedProperties, keySpan);
      }
      return true;
    }

    // We didn't see a kw-prefixed property binding, but we have not yet checked
    // for the []/()/[()] syntax.
    let delims: {start: string, end: string}|null = null;
    if (name.startsWith(BINDING_DELIMS.BANANA_BOX.start)) {
      delims = BINDING_DELIMS.BANANA_BOX;
    } else if (name.startsWith(BINDING_DELIMS.PROPERTY.start)) {
      delims = BINDING_DELIMS.PROPERTY;
    } else if (name.startsWith(BINDING_DELIMS.EVENT.start)) {
      delims = BINDING_DELIMS.EVENT;
    }
    if (delims !== null &&
        // NOTE: older versions of the parser would match a start/end delimited
        // binding iff the property name was terminated by the ending delimiter
        // and the identifier in the binding was non-empty.
        // TODO(ayazhafiz): update this to handle malformed bindings.
        name.endsWith(delims.end) && name.length > delims.start.length + delims.end.length) {
      const identifier = name.substring(delims.start.length, name.length - delims.end.length);
      const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, delims.start, identifier);
      if (delims.start === BINDING_DELIMS.BANANA_BOX.start) {
        this.bindingParser.parsePropertyBinding(
            identifier, value, false, srcSpan, absoluteOffset, attribute.valueSpan,
            matchableAttributes, parsedProperties, keySpan);
        this.parseAssignmentEvent(
            identifier, value, srcSpan, attribute.valueSpan, matchableAttributes, boundEvents,
            keySpan);
      } else if (delims.start === BINDING_DELIMS.PROPERTY.start) {
        this.bindingParser.parsePropertyBinding(
            identifier, value, false, srcSpan, absoluteOffset, attribute.valueSpan,
            matchableAttributes, parsedProperties, keySpan);
      } else {
        const events: ParsedEvent[] = [];
        this.bindingParser.parseEvent(
            identifier, value, /* isAssignmentEvent */ false, srcSpan,
            attribute.valueSpan || srcSpan, matchableAttributes, events, keySpan);
        addEvents(events, boundEvents);
      }

      return true;
    }

    // No explicit binding found.
    const keySpan = createKeySpan(srcSpan, '' /* prefix */, name);
    const hasBinding = this.bindingParser.parsePropertyInterpolation(
        name, value, srcSpan, attribute.valueSpan, matchableAttributes, parsedProperties, keySpan,
        attribute.valueTokens ?? null);
    return hasBinding;
  }

  private _visitTextWithInterpolation(
      value: string, sourceSpan: ParseSourceSpan,
      interpolatedTokens: InterpolatedAttributeToken[]|InterpolatedTextToken[]|null,
      i18n?: i18n.I18nMeta): t.Text|t.BoundText {
    const valueNoNgsp = replaceNgsp(value);
    const expr = this.bindingParser.parseInterpolation(valueNoNgsp, sourceSpan, interpolatedTokens);
    return expr ? new t.BoundText(expr, sourceSpan, i18n) : new t.Text(valueNoNgsp, sourceSpan);
  }

  private parseVariable(
      identifier: string, value: string, sourceSpan: ParseSourceSpan, keySpan: ParseSourceSpan,
      valueSpan: ParseSourceSpan|undefined, variables: t.Variable[]) {
    if (identifier.indexOf('-') > -1) {
      this.reportError(`"-" is not allowed in variable names`, sourceSpan);
    } else if (identifier.length === 0) {
      this.reportError(`Variable does not have a name`, sourceSpan);
    }

    variables.push(new t.Variable(identifier, value, sourceSpan, keySpan, valueSpan));
  }

  private parseReference(
      identifier: string, value: string, sourceSpan: ParseSourceSpan, keySpan: ParseSourceSpan,
      valueSpan: ParseSourceSpan|undefined, references: t.Reference[]) {
    if (identifier.indexOf('-') > -1) {
      this.reportError(`"-" is not allowed in reference names`, sourceSpan);
    } else if (identifier.length === 0) {
      this.reportError(`Reference does not have a name`, sourceSpan);
    } else if (references.some(reference => reference.name === identifier)) {
      this.reportError(`Reference "#${identifier}" is defined more than once`, sourceSpan);
    }

    references.push(new t.Reference(identifier, value, sourceSpan, keySpan, valueSpan));
  }

  private parseAssignmentEvent(
      name: string, expression: string, sourceSpan: ParseSourceSpan,
      valueSpan: ParseSourceSpan|undefined, targetMatchableAttrs: string[][],
      boundEvents: t.BoundEvent[], keySpan: ParseSourceSpan) {
    const events: ParsedEvent[] = [];
    this.bindingParser.parseEvent(
        `${name}Change`, `${expression} =$event`, /* isAssignmentEvent */ true, sourceSpan,
        valueSpan || sourceSpan, targetMatchableAttrs, events, keySpan);
    addEvents(events, boundEvents);
  }

  private reportError(
      message: string, sourceSpan: ParseSourceSpan,
      level: ParseErrorLevel = ParseErrorLevel.ERROR) {
    this.errors.push(new ParseError(sourceSpan, message, level));
  }
}

class NonBindableVisitor implements html.Visitor {
  visitElement(ast: html.Element): t.Element|null {
    const preparsedElement = preparseElement(ast);
    if (preparsedElement.type === PreparsedElementType.SCRIPT ||
        preparsedElement.type === PreparsedElementType.STYLE ||
        preparsedElement.type === PreparsedElementType.STYLESHEET) {
      // Skipping <script> for security reasons
      // Skipping <style> and stylesheets as we already processed them
      // in the StyleCompiler
      return null;
    }

    const children: t.Node[] = html.visitAll(this, ast.children, null);
    return new t.Element(
        ast.name, html.visitAll(this, ast.attrs) as t.TextAttribute[],
        /* inputs */[], /* outputs */[], children,  /* references */[], ast.sourceSpan,
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This event took place on 6th December 2017, so you won't be able to enquire. They may run the event again in the future. Contact the member by visiting their profile using the 'Member Profile' link above.
Join us for the Care Homes Conference 2017 where leading professionals in health and social care will explain how the sector can overcome some of its biggest challenges. Learn from the new models of care being trialled in the vanguard sites; and understand how different agencies and organisations can work better together to deliver a sustainable service.


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The nitty-gritty details of space travel, funny and otherwise
Posted by Mal Warwick | Nonfiction, Science | 0
Let's just assume, for the sake of argument, that you're passionately interested in space travel and desperate to know "what it's really like out there." Mary Roach's Packing for Mars will tell you more than you ever dreamed of knowing about the experience. It may also make you think twice about daydreaming of a trip to the stars.
Roach will make you laugh about it, though. Her wicked sense of humor pervades almost every page. In fact, it's hard to imagine that anyone could have set out to write this book as straight, narrative nonfiction. It might have been published — like some of the deadly scientific studies with jaw-breaking titles that Roach consulted — but nobody would read it. (Well, maybe a few aspiring astronauts.)
Packing for Mars: The Curious Science of Life in the Void by Mary Roach ★★★★★
Humor aside, this remarkably unblushing account of life in space is a serious work of science reporting. In exploring the day-by-day and hour-by-hour challenges of preparing for spaceflight and then surviving it, Mary Roach touches on all those topics that (apparently) preoccupy astronauts but that are generally thought unmentionable in polite society — what we might refer to as "waste elimination" and other bodily functions that involve the discharge of other substances.
Packing for Mars: The Curious Science of Life in the Void is Mary Roach's fourth book. Her previous efforts, all successful, were Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers (2003); Spook: Science Tackles the Afterlife (2005); and Bonk: The Curious Coupling of Science and Sex (2008). Is there perhaps a pattern here somewhere?
You might also enjoy Science explained in 10 excellent popular books (plus dozens of others)
20 top nonfiction books about history plus 80 other good books
Good books about space travel, including both nonfiction and fiction.
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Best Suv Lease Deals 2022
Best Suv Lease Deals 2022 - If you want to park a new car in your driveway but want to keep your costs low, it may seem like a daunting task. Don't panic! Here's a look at 10 rental deals that can help keep costs under $200.
Offers may vary by region, so check the manufacturer's website for availability and details before visiting a dealer.
The Jeep Compass offers a sleek design and a technology-filled cabin. This month's rental deal is for the all-wheel drive model.
New 2022 Gmc Acadia Lease Deals In San Antonio, Tx
Drivers looking for the lowest prices will find a lot to like about the Buick Encore that's both city-friendly and boasts a higher cabin.
This 5-seat SUV has a showy look, a high-end interior, and an impressive array of anti-collision technologies for the money.
The Hyundai Venue packs a lot of features and fun into its small package. With a fixed price and monthly payments of just $159, this month is a great deal.
Chevy has a special offer this month for anyone leasing a 2017 or newer vehicle. Now is a great time to get out of your current rental and move into a city-friendly Trax.
Mitsubishi Outlander Prices, Reviews, And Pictures
With over 50 mpg in some configurations, the Kia Niro is a small SUV that is sure to save you money in the long run.
If your budget can handle its $219 monthly payments, the Chevrolet Trailblazer is a great addition to a shopping list thanks to its sharp looks and turbocharged power.
Neither an SUV nor a hatchback, the Kia Soul distinguishes itself with its driving style and high seating position.
Honda's smallest SUV boasts a very comfortable cabin. This month's special rental breaks our $200 budget, but if your budget can stretch you'll be treated to a fun-to-drive SUV.
Best Luxury Car And Suv Lease Deals In September 2022
Mazda has extended this amazing lease deal for its sporty CX-30 until early May. The best part: This small SUV comes standard with all-wheel drive.
Compact SUVs Good Good Midsize SUVs Best Full Size SUVs Best subcompact luxury SUVs Best Small Luxury SUVs Best Mid Size SUVs Best Luxury Large Luxury SUVs
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This makes leasing deals, like the top 10 best rental deals for SUVs and crossovers listed below, more attractive than ever.
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According to Experian Automotive, monthly lease payments for the top 10 leased vehicles were $109 per month less than single-car loans in the third quarter of 2021. That's about a $4,000 difference from meaning. 36-month lease.
Best Lease Deals In November 2022
Leasing is cheaper, because the buyer only owes the difference between the initial price of the vehicle, and the value of the vehicle at the end of the lease - the residual value, as mentioned earlier . Of course, during the lease the buyer does not own the vehicle, but he can buy it on lease for a great price.
According to a recent analysis by Cox Automotive, "lease demand will improve in 2022," largely due to cost savings.
After the pandemic in 2020, the share of leasing for new car income has decreased since the failure of computer chips in 2021. These factors will reduce the car production and cars will be rare. new.
Because of uncertainty it is a buyer's market. Average transaction prices for new vehicles hit record highs in 2021. Meanwhile, leasing accounted for 24% of new vehicle sales in the third quarter of 2021, down from 30% in before the pandemic, Cox said.
Best Car, Truck And Suv Lease Deals Under $199 For October
The answer is that, compared to loans, leasing is a pain in the neck for both mechanics and consumers. Compared to loans, leases have lower yields, more complicated paperwork, and leasing can be dangerous for automakers if residual values are miscalculated, said economist Charlie Chesborough. principal of Cox Automotive, in a recent webinar.
And since interest rates are still low, it's cheaper for automakers to offer cut-rate loans, he said. So, while people are waiting in line and paying top dollar for rare cars, the automakers and their hand-me-down "bonds" are cutting out the leasing business even more than they were cutting out the incentives for loans.
For all these reasons, the lease will be very attractive in 2022, if new cars will be more and more, then the automakers will be motivated to move the metal; If interest rates rise, it will cost more to offer a payday loan; And if consumers are more motivated to look for lower monthly payments, Chesbrough said.
Availability is an important attribute these days, and judging by the sales results, the 2021 Honda Passport is a good option - while it lasts. Sales of the Honda Passport reached 3,690 in January, up nearly 23% from a year ago. This is on top of the 2020 US sales record of 34.3% in 2021. However, Honda began to deliver the 2022 Honda Passport in December, so it won't be much longer than that. 2021 model. Click here to read our Honda Passport review.
Best Car Lease Deals 2022
The 2022 Mitsubishi Outlander plug-in hybrid is sold in very small volumes and is very popular, so it may take a while to find one in stock - sales for the entire fourth quarter are Only 603 units, an increase of 57 from last year. % more It's also being replaced by an all-new 2023 model in the second half of 2022, so if you're interested, get it and keep it. Click here to read our review of the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV.
Market Scan lists both versions of the Kia Niro among this month's best lease deals. They are listed together here, to save space. In addition to the 2022 Kia Niro plug-in hybrid, there is also a 2022 Kia Niro with a so-called "normal" gasoline-electric hybrid setup. In other words, it's impossible to get in and power through the outlet: $29,225 average retail sale; $331.87 average monthly rent. Click here to read our review of the Kia Niro plug-in Hybrid.
The 2021 Jeep Grand Cherokee is a two-row, five-seat SUV that follows the redesigned, two-row 2022 Jeep Grand Cherokee or the 2021 Jeep Grand Cherokee L, which added a third row last year. . old father. First, there will be six or seven people. While it's still available, this is a great time for a great lease on an older model. Click here to read our review of the Jeep Grand Cherokee.
As with other Honda models, the availability of the 2022 Honda Pilot is better than average, but the lack of a computer chip is starting to fill it. For all model years, January sales of the Honda Pilot were down 18.6% from a year ago. For the full year 2021, Honda Pilot sales are up 15.5%, but down 16% in the fourth quarter.
Best Suv Lease Deals For February 2022
The Hyundai Venue is a new "cute-ute", first introduced in 2019 for the 2020 model year. It is Hyundai's smallest and most affordable SUV-style crossover in the US market. For an entry-level vehicle, there's an impressive array of high-tech safety features as standard equipment, such as forward collision avoidance and lane assist. Click here to read our review of the Hyundai Venue.
"No" means the Jeep Wrangler has four doors. MarketScan lists both versions of the Jeep Wrangler Unlimited among this month's best lease deals. They are listed together here, to save space. In addition to the 2022 model, the 2021 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited also has: $44,978.21 suggested retail price; $509.20 average monthly rent. Click here to read our review of the Jeep Wrangler Unlimited.
The Mazda CX-9 is a three-row, mid-size crossover SUV from Mazda. For last year's 2021 model, it received a facelift and technological upgrades such as a new, standard, 10.25-inch central information display. The Mazda CX-9 has been a strong seller for the brand, but it will end sales for all model years in December, possibly due to limited inventory. Sales in January were still low, but low. Click here to read our review of the Mazda CX-9.
Dodge doesn't call the Dodge Durango a tough car, but it says it's "for tough-car people with families." MarketScan lists two versions of the Dodge Durango among this month's best lease deals. They are listed together here, to save space. In addition to the 2022 model, the 2021 Dodge Durango also has: $47, 103.57 average retail estimate; $554.40 average monthly rent.
Best Cars To Lease For £100 (ish) A Month In 2022
The 2021 Dodge Durango gets a facelift including a new front-end look with LED headlights and daytime running lights, and a new rear spoiler. The new cabin design provides more space for the driver to face, a new instrument panel, center console, and interior door panels. Check out our
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Culture + Design
America's Best Outdoor Movie Theaters
Credit: Courtesy of G.Widman for GPTMC
The hush that falls over those gathered at Hollywood Forever Cemetery isn't just a sign of respect for the dead. On select evenings, it signals that a blockbuster movie screening is beginning.
The cemetery movie series is an unexpected-yet-perfect way to pay tribute to legends like Rudolph Valentino and John Huston. "You're literally a few feet from someone who has worked on these movies," says Cinespia series cofounder John Wyatt.
Even as drive-ins have declined, a new breed of outdoor movie theaters has been expanding across the U.S., cropping up in cemeteries, parks, even on rooftops. It's become a modern summer ritual to head to an open-air theater and stake out a prime viewing spot before sunset—whether for a date night or girls' night. Often the appeal is less about the movie itself than about the chance to get together and enjoy a beautiful setting on a balmy evening.
"A huge majority of the audience is coming for the experience," says Ethan Lercher of the Bryant Park Corporation, which runs the free HBO Bryant Park film festival in New York City. "The whole idea is that you talk to your neighbors."
For serious movie buffs, an outdoor theater provides the rare opportunity to watch a classic on a big screen. Unlike cookie-cutter multiplexes, these theaters have a nostalgic allure that recalls the 1960s, when America's love affair with the movies was still a budding romance. "These outdoor screenings are reminiscent of the drive-ins that baby boomers grew up with," explains Tom Boss, who cofounded the Bay Area's Film Night. In Minneapolis, the Summer Music & Movies program travels back even further to the earliest days of the silver screen, presenting silent films with a live musical accompaniment.
But outdoor movie screenings aren't just about old-time Hollywood. They can be forward-looking and bring fresh life to city neighborhoods. The NoMa SummerScreen festival launched in 2008 as part of a development and revitalization initiative in D.C., complete with trendy barbecue and gelato trucks. Each season follows a theme, and 2011 will represents trains through films ranging from Some Like It Hot to Slumdog Millionaire.
It just wouldn't be summer without the thrills of a Hollywood hit combined with the pleasure of soaking up the outdoors at one of these alfresco movie theaters.
Flicks on Bricks,Pioneer Courthouse Square, Portland,OR
Credit: Courtesy of Pioneer Courthouse Square, Inc.
How democratic: Portlanders actually get to vote on the movies they want to see at this outdoor series on Fridays in July and August. (Sixteen Candles, The Muppets Take Manhattan, and Jaws were among the 2010 winners.) Maybe that's why more than 7,000 locals descend on this downtown brick square for a typical screening. With more than 40,000 square feet, there's ample room, just be sure to bring a heavy blanket or folding chair—those bricks aren't comfy seating for a 90-minute movie.
Film Night,SanFrancisco and Marin County
Credit: Courtesy of Film Night in San Francisco
Hitchcock films set in San Francisco, such as Birds and Vertigo, are natural favorites at this Bay Area movie series that continues well into September. Of the seven locations, Dolores Park is one of the most popular and within easy access to the Mission, Castro, and Noe Valley neighborhoods. The group behind Film Night got its start 20 years ago in Marin County, where it screens films that tend to be more family friendly. The San Francisco lineup mixes new releases with classics. "We always get a big crowd for Casablanca," says cofounder Tom Boss.
Film on the Rocks at Red RocksAmphitheatre, Denver
Credit: Courtesy of Bryan Carney
Mother Nature created this open-air cinema and outdoor concert hall within an 868-acre park of pines and prairie—and conveniently just 17 minutes from downtown Denver. Two 300-foot sandstone monoliths flank the seating area and create terrific acoustics. On summer nights, the Denver Film Society puts on comedies such as Ghostbusters, The Princess Bride, and The Hangover, with local Colorado bands warming up the crowd before the feature presentation ($10).
Summer Screen,NoMa, Washington,D.C.
Credit: NoMabid.org
The area north of Massachusetts Avenue has a realtor-approved nickname, NoMa, and is growing rapidly thanks to recent additions like this film festival, launched in 2008 and complete with on-site barbecue and gelato trucks. Each season follows a theme such as James Bond or Music in Pictures, which featured No Direction Home, Buena Vista Social Club, and Ray. Summer 2011 brings a train series that ranges from Some Like It Hot to Slumdog Millionaire. It was an inevitable choice. "Our site overlooks the rail yards, so there are trains going by during the movies," says Rachel Davis, who works with the NoMa Business Improvement District.
Summer Music & Movies at Loring Park, Minneapolis
Credit: Courtesy Walker Arts Center
Ever since 1973, Mondays in August have meant silent-movie screenings, such as The Navigator, The Strong Man, and RobinHood, enhanced by a live band. The nearby Walker Art Center, which runs the series along with the Minneapolis Parks and Recreation Board, usually ties the lineup to gallery exhibits, for example, beat-related films to correlate with a beatnik show.
Cinespia at The Hollywood ForeverCemetery, Los Angeles
Credit: Courtesy of Cinespia
Each summer, about 25 to 30 films are projected on a mausoleum wall at this unusual film-viewing venue, which also happens to be the resting place of dozens of silent-era stars, directors, and crewmembers, from Rudolph Valentino to John Huston. Even partial movie sets have been brought to the cemetery. "We had the original cockpit from Airplane and turned it into a photo booth last year," recalls Cinespia cofounder John Wyatt.
Movies in the Parks, Chicago
Credit: Bryan Rulli
It's hard to find a patch of grass without moviegoers on summer nights thanks to this ambitious program. More than 170 movies are screened within 120 community parks, including Ferris Bueller's Day Off, which John Hughes filmed right in Chicago. A Lake Side Classics Series added in 2011 showcases golden oldies like North by Northwest, A Raisin in the Sun, and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf at Belmont Harbor and the 63rd Street Beach.
HBOBryant Park Film Festival, New York City
Credit: Ethan Lercher, Bryant Park.org
When it first began in the early 1990s, this festival aimed to keep workers in midtown after office hours and give others a reason to join them. "The whole idea was to re-create the park," says Ethan Lercher, director of events at the Bryant Park Corporation, "and to make it beautiful, to make it safe, to have programming." Thanks to HBO's close relationship with Hollywood studios, the festival still uses the original 35mm reels to screen classics such as The Manchurian Candidate, Annie Hall, and The Way We Were.
SoundScape Cinema Series, Miami Beach
Credit: Courtesy of Miami Beach
The Arts in the Parks citywide program launched this series in March 2011, making use of a 7,000-square-foot-wall of Frank Gehry's concert hall, the New World Center. So far favorite screenings have included Grease, Moulin Rouge, and North by Northwest. SoundScape alternates with the New World Symphony, which projects live simulcasts of its performances at the New World Center.
ScreeningsUnder the Stars, Penn's Landing, Philadelphia
You'll still want to bring your own picnic blanket, but helpings of kettle corn and popcorn are free when movies play at Penn's Landing on Thursdays in July and August. Mainstream blockbusters like Dream Girls, The Blind Side, Eat, Pray, Love, and The King's Speech light up the main plaza, with Philadelphia's waterfront as a backdrop. From tapas to dim sum, the nearby Old City neighborhood has plenty of spots for a preshow dinner.
1 of 10 Flicks on Bricks,Pioneer Courthouse Square, Portland,OR
2 of 10 Film Night,SanFrancisco and Marin County
3 of 10 Film on the Rocks at Red RocksAmphitheatre, Denver
4 of 10 Summer Screen,NoMa, Washington,D.C.
5 of 10 Summer Music & Movies at Loring Park, Minneapolis
6 of 10 Cinespia at The Hollywood ForeverCemetery, Los Angeles
7 of 10 Movies in the Parks, Chicago
8 of 10 HBOBryant Park Film Festival, New York City
9 of 10 SoundScape Cinema Series, Miami Beach
10 of 10 ScreeningsUnder the Stars, Penn's Landing, Philadelphia


[Flat Track Friday!!] AFT: 全米ダートトラック選手権がいよいよ開幕!初戦"デイトナTT"で浮かび上がる明るい兆しと心配の種? - LAWRENCE - Motorcycle x Cars + α = Your Life.
Superhooligan - 「いいね!」2,926件 - The spirit of hooligan racing comes from a simpler time, when you raced – and could ride home on – any bike you owned.