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Can My Employer Change My Contract Without My Signature?
By Chron Contributor Updated April 23, 2021
Can a Company Make You Resign Early When You've Given Two Weeks Notice?
Difference Between Suspended & Discharge of Employment
What Is a Bargaining Agreement?
Can My Boss Keep My Last Paycheck if I Don't Put My Two Weeks Notice In?
Types of Employee Contracts
Making changes to an employment contract, or any other contract for that matter generally requires notice to the party who will be directly impacted by the change. However, in many employment relationships, there may be an uneven balance of power in the employer's favor, which could suggest an employer has the right to make unilateral changes without your input or your signature.
Contingency workers such as freelancers are contracted on a temporary basis with the shared understanding that work can end at any time, STS explains. In addition to flexibility, organizations use contingent workers to save money. Unlike salaried workers, contingent workers do not receive benefits through their employer.
Binding and Non-Binding Agreements
The existence of an employment contract suggests that your employer cannot make unilateral changes to a mutually agreed-to contract. If you have an employment contract or if you're covered under a collective bargaining agreement, it generally means that your working relationship isn't at will and certain procedures must be followed before changes can be made in terms of conditions of employment. However, most employment relationships are at-will, meaning the employer or the employee has the right to terminate the relationship at any time, for any reason or no reason, with or without advance notice, according to NOLO. Private-sector employers embrace this doctrine as a matter of standard business practice.
Executive Employment Contracts
Many executives in high-profile positions have employment contracts that contain specific terms and conditions, such as compensation, benefits, perks, obligations of the employee and employer, and, importantly, provisions for making changes to the contract. In addition, employment contracts usually have a termination clause that requires advance notice to end the employment relationship. An employment contract is similar to any other contract – the parties are bound by the conditions set forth in the agreement and must adhere to those conditions if they want to renegotiate the terms or terminate the agreement. That means changes to your negotiated agreement would likely require your signature.
If you have an employment contract, it's unlikely that your employer can make changes without at least providing you with advance notice before the change goes into effect. For example, an employer may be contractually obligated to give 12 weeks' notice to change contract language. Best practices suggest that contract changes should be negotiated so that both parties are aware of the changes and agree to them. If you had legal counsel representing you during the initial contract negotiations, it's in your best interest to seek her advice if your employer makes changes or amendments to your contract without your signature.
Labor Union Contracts
Another form of an employment contract is a collective bargaining agreement or a labor union contract. Collective bargaining agreements are negotiated by the labor union of which you're a member and your employer. When the parties reach a tentative agreement, it's sent to union members for ratification. The contract goes into effect when the union members ratify or approve, it and the labor union and employer sign their names.
If you're covered by a labor union contract, and your employer is planning on changing a contract without first securing an agreement known as a memorandum of understanding, the company could be setting itself up for an unfair labor practices charge before the National Labor Relations Board, according to the American Bar Association. The National Labor Relations Act prohibits contract modifications without both parties' involvement, and as a union member, you would not be the one required to sign it anyway.
Nolo: Employment At Will: What Does It Mean?
American Bar Association: Management and Union's Rights and Obligations in Collective Bargaining
STS Staffing and Temporary Services: What Is Contingent Employment and Why It Fits Your Lifestyle
Is an Offer Letter Considered an Employment Agreement?
Pros & Cons of Executive Employment Agreements
Can an Employer Change a Job Description?
Can My Employer Change My Contracted Start Date?
What Constitutes a Valid Employment Agreement?
Requirements for a Valid Employment Contract
Formal Letter of Resignation vs. Basic Letter of Resignation
Changing the Terms of Employment for an Offer Letter After Acceptance
Why Are Disclaimers in Employee Handbooks Important?
1 Is an Offer Letter Considered an Employment Agreement?
2 Pros & Cons of Executive Employment Agreements
3 Can an Employer Change a Job Description?
4 Can My Employer Change My Contracted Start Date?


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dale's love for photography has been ingrained within him from a young age. He began photographing 15 years ago when he started out in real estate photography, and moved into portraiture and events over the following years, making this his full time career 5 years ago, when he began to focus heavily on landscape photography.
He is a professional photographer, Nikon and NiSi Filter ambassador, which make him an incredible asset for any workshops. Not to mention his ridiculous sense of humour and intoxicating positivity.
Karlie always loved travel & photography growing up, and has since moved around Australia and the world photographing.
Karlie is a professional photographer and is responsible for most of the logistical planning for Dream Photography Workshops. She is also a Nikon and NiSi ambassador.
Jacques first picked up a camera over 10 years ago when he began his career in live events and staging, photographing bands and events all over the world.
He is a professional photographer and videographer who has a love for outdoor adventure and travel. Jacques is the owner of Jacques VA Photography and co-owner of Best Day Ever Photography.
Hamish's love for photography and travel has seen him photograph more than 20 countries in the last five years. He prides himself on his ability to cover many different genres, though his focus has most recently been aimed at landscape, astro and drone photography - which are all well suited to his love for exploring the world.
Hamish is a professional photographer and content creator, and has been teaching photography through workshops for the last two years, including a series of astrophotography workshops with his fellow Dream Photography Workshops guides, Dale and Karlie. Hamish is sponsored by Olympus cameras and is the owner of Hamish Stubbs Photography.
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Trent is an enthusiast photographer and content creator, and through his own teaching career has been able to expand this in the area of landscape photography. He has the ability to teach photography through workshops, working with his fellow Dream leaders. Trent is a Nikon Ambassador and the owner of Trent Blomfield Photography.
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Hailing from the Kimberley, in Australia's North West, Ben has a love for nature and a real sense of adventure. Capturing the rugged beauty of the Kimberley has been a passion of Ben's for over a decade and has been doing it professionally for 3 years.
Ben specializes in Astrophotography, time lapse, storm scapes, drone aerial photography and videography amongst many others. He is a very diverse shooter and prides himself on strong composition and producing real images in post production.
Ben has held his own successful photography workshops in the Kimberley but is now a passionate member of the Dream Team at Dream Photography Workshops.


text:
A Jack Reacher Novel"Why is this town called Mother's Rest?" That's all Reacher wants to know. But no one will tell him. It's a tiny place hidden in a thousand square miles of wheat fields, with a railroad stop, and sullen and watchful people, and a worried woman named Michelle Chang, who mistakes him for someone else: her missing partner in a private investigation she thinks must have started small and then turned lethal.Reacher has no particular place to go, and all the time in the world to get there, and there's something about Chang . . . so he teams up with her and starts to ask around. He thinks: How bad can this thing be? But before long he's plunged into a desperate race through LA, Chicago, Phoenix, and San Francisco, and through the hidden parts of the internet, up against thugs and assassins every step of the way—right back to where he started, in Mother's Rest, where he must confront the worst nightmare he could imagine.Walking away would have been easier. But as always, Reacher's rule is: If you want me to stop, you're going to have to make me.
The Reptile Room
The Infinite Sea
How do you rid the Earth of seven billion humans? Rid the humans of their humanity. Surviving the first four waves was nearly impossible. Now Cassie Sullivan finds herself in a new world, a world in which the fundamental trust that binds us together is gone. As the 5th Wave rolls across the landscape, Cassie, Ben, and Ringer are forced to confront the Others' ultimate goal: the extermination of the human race. Cassie and her friends haven't seen the depths to which the Others will sink, nor have the Others seen the heights to which humanity will rise, in the ultimate battle between life and death, hope and despair, love and hate.
Twenty five years ago, Rufus Harms was convicted of a murder he believes he committed. But when his memory is jogged by a letter from the army, he has a shocking realization: he\'s not guilty. From prison, Rufus secretly files an appeal with the Supreme Court, unaware that the real killers are onto him. But the long-time convict knows he\'s running out of time when his lawyer and the Supreme Court clerk--the first person to see Rufus\'s appeal--are murdered. Escaping with his brother\'s help, Rufus must now elude capture long enough to expose a shocking cover-up and save his own life.
Two for the Dough
It's Stephanie Plum, New Jersey's "fugitive apprehension" agent (aka bounty hunter), introduced to the world by Janet Evanovich in the award-winning and bestselling novel One for the Money. Now Stephanie's back, armed with attitude -- not to mention stun guns, defense sprays, killer flashlights, and her trusty .38, Stephanie is after a new bail jumper, Kenny Mancuso, a boy from Trenton's burg. He's fresh out of the army, suspiciously wealthy, and he's just shot his best friend. With her bounty hunter pal Ranger stepping in occasionally to advise her, Stephanie staggers kneedeep in corpses and caskets as she traipses through back streets, dark alleys, and funeral parlors. And nobody knows funeral parlors better than Stephanie's irrepressible Grandma Mazur, a lady whose favorite pastime is grabbing a front-row seat at a neighborhood wake. So Stephanie uses Grandma as a cover to follow leads, but loses control when Grandma warms to the action, packing a cool pistol. Much to the family's chagrin, Stephanie and Granny may soon have the elusive Kenny in their sights. Fast-talking, slow-handed vice cop Joe Morelli joins in the case, since the prey happens to be his young cousin. And if the assignment calls for an automobile stakeout for two with the woman who puts his libido in overdrive, Morelli's not one to object. Low on expertise but learning fast, high on resilience, and despite the help she gets from friends and relatives, Stephanie eventually must face the danger alone when embalmed body parts begin to arrive on her doorstep and she's targeted for a nasty death by the most loathsome adversary she's ever encountered. Another case like this and she'll be a real pro. Two for the Dough is irresistible fun and powerful suspense entertainment from an acclaimed author who is already a national star.
Mason "Mace" Perry was a firebrand cop on the D.C. police force until she was kidnapped and framed for a crime. She lost everything: her badge, her career, her freedom--and spent two years in prison. Now she\'s back on the outside and focused on one mission: to be a cop once more. Her only shot to be a true blue again is to solve a major case on her own, and prove she has the right to wear the uniform. Even with her police chief sister on her side, she has to work in the shadows: a vindictive U.S. attorney is looking for any reason to send Mace back behind bars. Then Roy Kingman enters her life.Roy is a young lawyer who aided the poor until he took a high-paying job at a law firm in Washington. Mace and Roy meet after he discovers the dead body of a female partner at the firm. As they investigate the death, they start uncovering surprising secrets.Soon, what began as a fairly routine homicide takes a terrifying and unexpected turn . . . into something complex, diabolical, and possibly lethal.
The Breed Next Door
An erotic thrill ride through the world of the Breeds from New York Times bestselling author Lora Leigh. New York Times bestselling author Lora Leigh takes the reader on an erotic thrill ride into the world of genetically altered Breeds—and the humans who stir their fiercest desires. An act of violence brings neighbors Lyra and Tarek together, igniting a burning passion that awakens Tarek to his true nature as a Lion Breed. However, Lyra isn't certain she can handle the mating heat.
Author:Sara Shepard
Young AdultMystery & Thrillers
Three years ago, Alison disappeared after a slumber party, not to be seen since. Her friends at the elite Pennsylvania school mourned her, but they also breathed secret sighs of relief. Each of them guarded a secret that only Alison had known. Now they have other dirty little secrets, secrets that could sink them in their gossip-hungry world. When each of them begins receiving anonymous emails and text messages, panic sets in. Are they being betrayed by some one in their circle? Worse yet: Is Alison back? A strong launch for a suspenseful series.
Adrian Alistair Rohan lost his faith, and now, a dedicated member of the depraved Heavenly Host, he loses himself in his only pleasure: the seduction and debauchery of beautiful women. Rich, charming, and devastatingly skilled in the arts of love, he never fails in his conquestsuntil Charlotte Spenser.Charlotte is facing a desolate, passionless future, none of which matters to Adrian, who imagines her a toy until better prey arrives. But beneath her drab exterior, Charlotte is a woman as enchanting as she is brilliant, and, lured into Adrian\'s world, she soon becomes the seducer and he the seduced. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Tempting the Beast
Callan Lyons is a genetic experiment. One of six fighting for freedom and the survival of their Pride. Merinus Tyler is the reporter who will tempt him, draw him, until the fury of the "mating frenzy" locks them into a battle of sexual heat there is no escape from.Deception, blood, and the evil Genetics Council are hot on their trail. Callan will use his strength to try and save them both...and do all in his power to keep his woman in the process.
Book 1 in the Bound Hearts series Cole has wanted Tess for years. And he's warned her of this several times. He's also warned her HOW he wants her. Tied down in his bed, under his domination, surrendering to his desires. . . Cole has wanted Tess for years. And he's warned her of this several times. He's also warned her HOW he wants her. Tied down in his bed, under his domination, surrendering to his desires....
Although small and seemingly helpless, the Foundation had managed to survive against the greed of its neighboring warlords. But could it stand against the mighty power of the Empire, who had created a mutant man with the strength of a dozen battlefleets...?
I'm pushing aside the memory of my nightmare, pushing aside thoughts of Alex, pushing aside thoughts of Hana and my old school, push, push, push, like Raven taught me to do. The old life is dead. But the old Lena is dead too. I buried her. I left her beyond a fence, behind a wall of smoke and flame. Lauren Oliver delivers an electrifying follow-up to her acclaimed New York Times bestseller, Delirium. This riveting, brilliant novel crackles with the fire of fierce defiance, forbidden romance, and the sparks of a revolution about to ignite.
The Midnight Line
Reacher takes a stroll through a small Wisconsin town and sees a class ring in a pawn shop window: West Point 2005. A tough year to graduate: Iraq, then Afghanistan. The ring is tiny, for a woman, and it has her initials engraved on the inside. Reacher wonders what unlucky circumstance made her give up something she earned over four hard years. He decides to find out. And find the woman. And return her ring. Why not?So begins a harrowing journey that takes Reacher through the upper Midwest, from a lowlife bar on the sad side of small town to a dirt-blown crossroads in the middle of nowhere, encountering bikers, cops, crooks, muscle, and a missing persons PI who wears a suit and a tie in the Wyoming wilderness.The deeper Reacher digs, and the more he learns, the more dangerous the terrain becomes. Turns out the ring was just a small link in a far darker chain. Powerful forces are guarding a vast criminal enterprise. Some lines should never be crossed. But then, neither should Reacher.
Dead to the World
Psychic Sookie Stackhouse has her hands full with an amnesiac vampire in the fourth seductive novel in the #1 New York Times bestselling series.When cocktail waitress Sookie Stackhouse sees a naked man on the side of the road, she doesn't just drive on by. Turns out the poor thing hasn't a clue who he is, but Sookie does. It's the vampire Eric Northman—but now he's a kinder, gentler Eric. And a scared Eric, because whoever took his memory now wants his life.Sookie's investigation into why leads straight into a dangerous battle among witches, vampires, and werewolves. But a greater danger could be to Sookie's heart—because the kinder, gentler Eric is very difficult to resist...


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University of Nebraska-Lincoln Events
Financial Health: Solving the Health-Poverty Trap in Human Trafficking
2021 UNL Human Trafficking and Migration Initiative
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 12:00 am–11:55 pm Location: Virtual
PurpLE Health Foundation's (PHF) founding board member Keisha Walcott and CEO and Co-Founder Dr. Anita Ravi and will discuss why financial health is a key element in healthcare delivery for survivors of human trafficking. Through storytelling and …
This event originated in Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs.
Ethiopian coffee and coffee farmers
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 7:00 am–9:00 am Location: Zoom
Workshop Title: Ethiopian coffee and coffee farmers: research findings and ways forward
This event originated in Global IANR.
Thank You Donuts & Coffee
Resident Appreciation Week - Harper, Schramm, Smith & Village
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 7:30 am–10:30 am Location: Residence Halls
Donuts, coffee, and snacks are in your hall lobby as a way to say, "thank you for living on campus."
This event originated in University Housing.
1 Million Cups Lincoln with Sentinel Fertigation Technologies
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 9:00 am–10:00 am Location: The Combine
Join us for 1 Million Cups Lincoln and hear from Jackson Stansell, founder of Sentinel Fertigation Technologies. Sentinel Fertigation Technologies puts automated, predictive control over center pivot fertigated acres in the hands of growers and …
This event originated in NIC Events Calendar.
Drop-in Flu Shot Clinic for Students
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 9:00 am–12:00 pm Location: University Health Center
Current UNL students can get their free flu shot by attending a drop-in flu shot clinic at the University Health Center.
This event originated in University Health Center.
Building Research Confidence in the Humanities: Finding Scholarship in the Humanities
Finding Scholarship in the Humanities
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 12:00 pm–1:00 pm Location: Zoom, registration required
Interested in exploring strategies for finding humanities scholarship using University Libraries' resources? In this workshop we will consider a variety of avenues and pathways to locating scholarship in the humanities. We will discuss search …
This event originated in Libraries Workshops & Research Drop-In.
Grand Challenges Community Building (Virtual): Anti-Racism and Racial Equity
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 12:00 pm–1:00 pm Location: Virtual Session
The University of Nebraska–Lincoln community identified seven grand challenge thematic areas in which to focus its expertise and resources. Faculty are asked to imagine how their areas of research, scholarship and creative activity intersect with …
This event originated in Office of Research and Economic Development.
How the Health are Ya?
Money Management Promo
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 12:00 pm–1:00 pm Location: Nebraska East Union
Learn about Financial well-being and the resources provided to students on campus (Money Management, Husker Pantry).
This event originated in Big Red Resilience & Well-being.
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 1:00 pm–4:00 pm Location: University Health Center
Research Administration Essentials: Research Responsibility
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 1:00 pm–2:30 pm Location: via Zoom
This overview explains programs that govern the use of animals in research and ensure protections of human subjects involved in research, as well as policies related to conflict of interest, the responsible conduct of research, research misconduct, …
Assertiveness Training Drop-In Workshop
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 3:00 pm–4:00 pm Location: Zoom
In this introduction to assertiveness skills, students will learn how to stand your ground and speak your piece by discussing passive, aggressive and assertive communication styles. Participants will review 'assertive rights,' which may help find …
Conflicts of Interest/Conflicts of Commitment Virtual Open Forum
Members of the Research Compliance Services team will be available to answer questions regarding COI/COC disclosure requirements and the underlying process through the recently rolled-out NuRamp module. You are welcome to join at any time within the …
Drop-In Library Help
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 3:00 pm–6:00 pm Location: Adele Coryell Hall Learning Commons
Having trouble finding what you need in the library catalog? Need help finding scholarly or peer-reviewed articles for your assignment? "Drop in" to talk with one of our library experts! No appointment needed to ask questions and get tips on …
Race & Ethical Decision Making in Healthcare
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 3:30 pm–5:00 pm Location: Love Library South
In this discussion-based workshop, you'll be asked to think about unconscious bias in healthcare, the impact of health disparities, and then practice that knowledge with a real world scenario. With peers, you'll have the opportunity to analyze …
This event originated in Exploratory and Pre-Professional Advising Center.
School of Natural Resources Seminar Series
Student Reasoning about Ecological Systems and Change
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 3:30 pm–4:30 pm Location: Hardin Hall
Presentation by Laurel Hartley, associate professor, Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado (Denver).
This event originated in SNR Seminars & Discussions.
Webinar: You Have to Build the Plane as You Fly It!: Core Components of an Evidence-Based Behavior Support Program – Part 2 of 4
Presenter: Kaye Otten Ph.D
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 3:30 pm–4:30 pm Location: Online
Register for Part 2 at: https://unl.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_Lh-Ih89sRLmP_8XYW3smTg
This event originated in ASD Network.
Coffee, hot chocolate & snacks
Resident Appreciation Week - Courtyards and Suites
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 4:00 pm–7:00 pm Location: Residence Halls
Enjoy coffee, hot chocolate, and snacks in your residence hall. Thanks for living on campus!
Japanese Conversation Table
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 4:00 pm–5:00 pm Location: Jackie Gaughan Multicultural Center
Join us weekly for practice with your Japanese or build on what you've been working on in Japanese courses!
This event originated in Kawasaki Reading Room .
Branched Oak Mountain Bike Ride
Bike Adventures
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 4:30 pm–7:00 pm Location: Outdoor Adventures Center
Branched Oak and mountain biking, what could be better?
This event originated in Outdoor Adventures.
Session #3: Nebraska – Introduction to Customer Discovery
Campus Entrepreneurship Program
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 4:30 pm–7:00 pm Location: Online/hybrid
Join Nebraska faculty, staff and students for a fall semester program to learn strategies about connecting research innovation with market applications. The program begins Sept. 8, and participants may sign up individually or in teams of up to five …
This event originated in NUtech Ventures.
We Are Nebraska internship performance
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 5:00 pm Location: Cather Dining Complex
The We Are Nebraska interns return with three performances in October.
This event originated in Fine and Performing Arts.
Hixson-Lied Visiting Artist Lecture: Odalis Valdivieso
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 5:30 pm Location: Richards Hall
Painter Odalis Valdivieso will present the next Hixson-Lied Visiting Artist Lecture. Born in Caracas, Venezuela, Valdivieso lives and works in Miami. She received a master of fine arts degree from Royal College of Art in London.
This event originated in School of Art, Art History & Design.
ASUN Senate
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 6:30 pm–8:00 pm Location: Nebraska Union
The Senate is a group of elected officials from all 6 UNL colleges that introduce and vote on legislation pertaining to students in terms of academics, residence life, RSOs, and more. The Senate meets weekly every Wednesday at 6:30 pm.
This event originated in ASUN Student Government.
Faculty Recital: Scott Anderson, trombone
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 7:30 pm Location: Kimball Recital Hall
Scott Anderson is Professor of Trombone in the Glenn Korff School of Music at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. He is the head of the Brass and Percussion Area. Anderson holds the Vernon A. Forbes Chair as Principal Trombone in the Lincoln …
This event originated in Music.
Nebraska Rep: A Midsummer Night's Dream
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 7:30 pm Location: Temple Building
The Nebraska Repertory Theatre opens its 2021-2022 season with William Shakespeare's "A Midsummer Night's Dream."
Ryan Jamaal Swain: Behind the Scenes of "POSE"
Presented by UPC Nebraska
Date: Oct. 6, 2021 Time: 7:30 pm–9:00 pm Location: Nebraska Union Centennial Room
A breakout star of FX's Golden Globe-nominated series, Pose, Ryan Jamaal Swain is a triple-threat actor, dancer, and singer who was named to Forbes' "30 Under 30" list for his LGBTQIA+ activism. He has won critical acclaim for his portrayal …
This event originated in Student Leadership, Involvement, & Community Engagement.
Fall 2021 Spin Challenge
Date: Oct. 1, 2021 – Oct. 31, 2021 Time: All Day Location: Campus Recreation Center
How many miles can you spin during October? Join the month-long cycle challenge by taking any of our cycle classes and scanning the QR code in the studio to submit your miles. The more classes you attend, the better your chances of winning!
This event originated in Fitness.


text:
{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFoldable #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveFunctor #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DeriveTraversable #-}
{-# LANGUAGE DoAndIfThenElse #-}
{-# LANGUAGE GADTs #-}
{-# LANGUAGE RankNTypes #-}
{-# LANGUAGE TupleSections #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns #-}

{- |
Module      : Verifier.SAW.Typechecker.Context
Copyright   : Galois, Inc. 2012-2015
License     : BSD3
Maintainer  : jhendrix@galois.com
Stability   : experimental
Portability : non-portable (language extensions)
-}

module Verifier.SAW.Typechecker.Context
  ( -- * Term definitions
    TCTerm(..)
  , FlatTermF(..)
  , tcMkApp
  , tcAsApp
  , Prec, ppTCTerm
  , AnnPat(..)
  , TCPat
  , PatF(..)
  , tcPatVarCount
  , tcApply
  , tcPatApply
  , ppTCPat
  , patBoundVarsOf
  , patBoundVars
  , fmapTCPat
  , zipWithPatF
  , termFromPatF

  , LocalDefGen(..)
  , localDefType
  , TCRefLocalDef
  , TCLocalDef
  , fmapTCLocalDefs
  , localVarNamesCount

  , TCDefGen(..)
  , TCRefDef

  , DefEqnGen(..)
  , TCDefEqn

  , DataTypeGen(..)
  , TCDataTypeGen
  , TCRefDataType
  , TCCtorType
  , TCRefCtor

  , FixedPiType(..)
  , TCDTType
  , termFromTCDTType
  , termFromTCCtorType

    -- * Global context
  , GlobalContext
  , emptyGlobalContext
  , Loc(..)
  , insertDataType
  , insertDef
  , resolveCtor
    -- * Term context
  , TermContext
  , globalContext
  , emptyTermContext
  , consBoundVar
  , consLocalDefs
  , InferResult(..)
  , resolveIdent
  , BoundInfo(..)
  , resolveBoundInfo
  , globalDefEqns
  , contextNames
  , ppTermContext
  , boundVarDiff
  , applyExt
  , applyExtSafe
  , boundFreeVarsWithPi
  , termBoundCount
    -- * Checking terms
  , checkTCPatOf
  , checkDefEqn
  , checkLocalDefs
  , checkTCTerm
  ) where

#if !MIN_VERSION_base(4,8,0)
import Control.Applicative
import Data.Foldable (Foldable)
#endif

import Control.Lens
import Control.Monad.Identity
import Control.Monad.State
import Data.Map (Map)
import qualified Data.Map as Map
import Data.Maybe (fromMaybe)
import qualified Data.Set as Set
import Data.Vector (Vector)
import qualified Data.Vector as V
import Text.PrettyPrint.ANSI.Leijen hiding ((<$>))

import Verifier.SAW.TypedAST
import Verifier.SAW.Position
import qualified Verifier.SAW.UntypedAST as Un
import Verifier.SAW.Typechecker.Monad

data DefEqnGen p t
   = DefEqnGen [p] t -- ^ List of patterns and a right hand side
  deriving (Show)

type TCDefEqn = DefEqnGen TCPat TCTerm

-- | Local definition in its most generic form.
-- n is the identifier for name, p is the pattern, and t is the type.
-- The
-- The equations are typed in the context after all local variables are
data LocalDefGen t e
   = -- | A Local function definition with position, name, type, and equations.
     -- Type is typed in context before let bindings.
     -- Equations are typed in context after let bindings.
    LocalFnDefGen String t e
  deriving (Show)

localVarNamesGen :: [LocalDefGen t e] -> [String]
localVarNamesGen = fmap go
  where go (LocalFnDefGen nm _ _) = nm

localDefType :: Lens (LocalDefGen a e) (LocalDefGen b e) a b
localDefType f (LocalFnDefGen nm tp rhs) = g <$> f tp
  where g tp' = LocalFnDefGen nm tp' rhs

localVarNamesCount :: [LocalDefGen t e] -> Int
localVarNamesCount = length

type TCLocalDef = LocalDefGen TCTerm [TCDefEqn]

data TCTerm
  = TCF !(FlatTermF TCTerm)
  | TCApp !TCTerm !TCTerm
  | TCLambda !TCPat !TCTerm !TCTerm
  | TCPi !TCPat !TCTerm !TCTerm
  | TCLet [TCLocalDef] TCTerm
    -- | A local variable with its deBruijn index and type in the current context.
  | TCVar DeBruijnIndex
    -- | A reference to a let bound function with equations.
  | TCLocalDef DeBruijnIndex

data AnnPat a
    -- | Variable with its annotation.
    -- Index contains order in which this variable is bound.
  = TCPVar String (DeBruijnIndex,a)
    -- | Unused variable and its type.
    -- Index contains number of variables in this pattern bound in the context of the type.
  | TCPUnused String (DeBruijnIndex,a)
  | TCPatF (PatF (AnnPat a))

type TCPat = AnnPat TCTerm

-- | Pattern functor
data PatF p
   = UPUnit
   | UPPair p p
   | UPRecord (Map FieldName p)
   | UPCtor Ident [p]
  deriving (Functor, Foldable, Traversable, Show)

tcMkApp :: TCTerm -> [TCTerm] -> TCTerm
tcMkApp = go
  where go t [] = t
        go t (a:l) = go (TCApp t a) l

tcAsApp :: TCTerm -> (TCTerm, [TCTerm])
tcAsApp = go []
  where go r (TCApp f v) = go (v:r) f
        go r f = (f,r)

asUPTuple :: AnnPat a -> Maybe [AnnPat a]
asUPTuple (TCPatF UPUnit)       = return []
asUPTuple (TCPatF (UPPair x y)) = (x :) <$> asUPTuple y
asUPTuple _                     = Nothing

-- | A pi type that accepted a statically-determined number of arguments.
data FixedPiType r
  = FPResult r
  | FPPi TCPat TCTerm (FixedPiType r)

fixedPiArgCount :: FixedPiType r -> Int
fixedPiArgCount = go 0
  where go i FPResult{} = i
        go i (FPPi _ _ r) = go (i+1) r

type TCDTType = FixedPiType Sort
type TCCtorType = FixedPiType [TCTerm]

data DataTypeGen t c =
   DataTypeGen { dtgName :: Ident
               , dtgType :: t
               , dtgCtors :: [c]
               , dtgIsPrimitive :: Bool
               }

type TCDataTypeGen r = DataTypeGen (r TCDTType) (Ctor Ident (r TCCtorType))
type TCCtorGen r = Ctor Ident (r TCCtorType)

data TCDefGen r
  = DefGen !Ident Un.DeclQualifier !(r TCTerm) !(r [TCDefEqn])

defGenIdent :: TCDefGen r -> Ident
defGenIdent (DefGen i _ _ _) = i

type TCRefDataType s = TCDataTypeGen (TCRef s)
type TCRefCtor s = TCCtorGen (TCRef s)
type TCRefDef s = TCDefGen (TCRef s)
type TCRefLocalDef s = LocalDefGen TCTerm (TCRef s [TCDefEqn])

-- | State monad for recording variables found in patterns.
type PatVarParser a = State (Int,Map Int (String,a))

-- | Add variables in pattern to state.
addPatBindings :: AnnPat a -> PatVarParser a ()
addPatBindings (TCPVar nm (i, v)) = modify $ \(c,m) -> (max c (i+1), Map.insert i (nm,v) m)
addPatBindings TCPUnused{} = return ()
addPatBindings (TCPatF pf) = traverseOf_ folded addPatBindings pf

-- | Get list of variables by running parser.
runPatVarParser :: PatVarParser a () -> Vector (String,a)
runPatVarParser pvp
   | c == Map.size m = V.generate c fn
   | otherwise = error "patBoundVarsOf given incomplete list of patterns"
  where (c,m) = execState pvp (0,Map.empty)
        fn i = r
          where Just r = Map.lookup i m

-- | Get information about bound variables from fold.
patBoundVarsOf :: Fold s (AnnPat a) -> s -> Vector (String,a)
patBoundVarsOf fold pats =
  runPatVarParser (traverseOf_ fold addPatBindings pats)

-- | Returns variables in order they are bound.
patBoundVars :: AnnPat a -> Vector (String,a)
patBoundVars pat = patBoundVarsOf id pat

-- | Returns names of bound variables in order they are bound.
patVarNames :: AnnPat a -> Vector String
patVarNames pat = fst <$> patBoundVars pat

fmapTCPat :: (Int -> TCTerm -> TCTerm)
          -> Int -> TCPat -> TCPat
fmapTCPat fn i (TCPVar nm (j,tp)) = TCPVar nm (j, fn (i+j) tp)
fmapTCPat fn i (TCPUnused nm (j,tp)) = TCPUnused nm (j, fn (i+j) tp)
fmapTCPat fn i (TCPatF pf) = TCPatF (fmapTCPat fn i <$> pf)

-- | Convert pats into equivalent termf.
termFromPatF :: PatF a -> FlatTermF a
termFromPatF UPUnit       = UnitValue
termFromPatF (UPPair x y) = PairValue x y
termFromPatF (UPRecord m) = RecordValue m
termFromPatF (UPCtor c l) = CtorApp c l

-- | Attempt to zip two patfs together.
zipWithPatF :: (a -> b -> c) -> PatF a -> PatF b -> Maybe (PatF c)
zipWithPatF f x y =
  case (x,y) of
    (UPUnit, UPUnit) -> Just UPUnit
    (UPPair x1 x2, UPPair y1 y2) -> Just $ UPPair (f x1 y1) (f x2 y2)
    (UPRecord mx, UPRecord my)
      | Map.keys mx == Map.keys my ->
          Just $ UPRecord (Map.intersectionWith f mx my)
    (UPCtor cx lx, UPCtor cy ly)
      | (cx,length lx) == (cy, length ly) ->
          Just $ UPCtor cx (zipWith f lx ly)
    _ -> Nothing

fmapTCLocalDefs :: (Int -> TCTerm -> TCTerm)
                -> Int -> [TCLocalDef] -> [TCLocalDef]
fmapTCLocalDefs tfn i defs = go <$> defs
  where i' = i + length defs
        go (LocalFnDefGen nm tp eqs) = LocalFnDefGen nm (tfn i tp) eqs'
          where eqs' = fmapTCDefEqn tfn i' <$> eqs

fmapTCDefEqn :: (Int -> TCTerm -> TCTerm)
             -> Int -> TCDefEqn -> TCDefEqn
fmapTCDefEqn tfn l (DefEqnGen pl r) = DefEqnGen pl' r'
  where pl' = fmapTCPat tfn l <$> pl
        r' = tfn (l+ sum (tcPatVarCount <$> pl)) r

termFromTCDTType :: TCDTType -> TCTerm
termFromTCDTType (FPResult s) = TCF (Sort s)
termFromTCDTType (FPPi p tp r) = TCPi p tp (termFromTCDTType r)

termFromTCCtorType :: Ident -> TCCtorType -> TCTerm
termFromTCCtorType dt (FPResult tl) = TCF (DataTypeApp dt tl)
termFromTCCtorType dt (FPPi p tp r) = TCPi p tp (termFromTCCtorType dt r)

-- | Returns number of bound variables in pat.
tcPatVarCount :: TCPat -> Int
tcPatVarCount TCPVar{} = 1
tcPatVarCount TCPUnused{} = 0
tcPatVarCount (TCPatF pf) = sumOf folded (tcPatVarCount <$> pf)

-- | Increment free vars in TC term by given amount if the index is at least the given level.
-- This is used for inserting extra variables to a context.
-- The context should be for the new context.
incTCVars :: Int -> Int -> TCTerm -> TCTerm
incTCVars j = go
  where pfn = fmapTCPat go
        go i (TCF tf) = TCF (go i <$> tf)
        go i (TCApp x y) = TCApp (go i x) (go i y)
        go i (TCLambda p tp r) = TCLambda (pfn i p) (go i tp) r'
          where r' = go (i+tcPatVarCount p) r
        go i (TCPi p tp r) = TCPi (pfn i p) (go i tp) r'
          where r' = go (i+tcPatVarCount p) r
        go i (TCLet lcls t) = TCLet (fmapTCLocalDefs go i lcls) t'
          where t' = go (i+localVarNamesCount lcls) t
        go i (TCVar l) = TCVar $ if l >= i then l+j else l
        go i (TCLocalDef l) = TCLocalDef $ if l >= i then l+j else l

-- | @tcApply t n args@ substitutes free variables [n..length args-1] with args.
-- The args are assumed to be in the same context as @t@ after substitution.
tcApply :: TermContext s -> (TermContext s,TCTerm) -> (TermContext s,Vector TCTerm) -> TCTerm
tcApply baseTC (fTC, f) (vTC, v)
   | V.length v <= fd = tcApplyImpl vd v (fd - V.length v) f
   | otherwise = error $ show $
      text "tcApply given bad arguments:" <$$>
      ppTCTerm fTC PrecNone f <$$>
      text ("fd = " ++ show fd) <$$>
      vcat (ppTCTerm vTC PrecNone <$> V.toList v)
  where Just fd = boundVarDiff fTC baseTC
        Just vd = boundVarDiff vTC baseTC

tcPatApply :: TermContext s
           -> (TermContext s, TCPat)
           -> (TermContext s, Vector TCTerm)
           -> TCPat
tcPatApply baseTC (fTC, p) (vTC, v)
   | V.length v <= fd = fmapTCPat (tcApplyImpl vd v) (fd - V.length v) p
   | otherwise = error "tcPatApply given bad vector"
  where Just fd = boundVarDiff fTC baseTC
        Just vd = boundVarDiff vTC baseTC

tcApplyImpl :: Int -> Vector TCTerm -> Int -> TCTerm -> TCTerm
tcApplyImpl vd v = go
  where fd = V.length v
        go i (TCF tf) = TCF (go i <$> tf)
        go i (TCApp x y) = TCApp (go i x) (go i y)
        go i (TCLambda p tp r) = TCLambda (fmapTCPat go i p) (go i tp) r'
          where r' = go (i + tcPatVarCount p) r
        go i (TCPi p tp r) = TCPi (fmapTCPat go i p) (go i tp) r'
          where r' = go (i + tcPatVarCount p) r
        go i (TCLet lcls r) = TCLet (fmapTCLocalDefs go i lcls) r'
          where r' = go (i + length lcls) r
        go i (TCVar j) | j < i = TCVar j -- Variable bound
                       | j - i < fd = incTCVars i 0 (v V.! (j - i)) -- Variable instantiated.
                       | otherwise = TCVar (vd + j - fd) -- Variable in new extended context.
        go i (TCLocalDef j)
          | j < i = TCLocalDef j
          | j - i < fd = error "Attempt to instantiate let bound definition."
          | otherwise = TCLocalDef (vd + j - fd)

-- | Extend a term with the context from the given pair to the extended context.
applyExt :: TermContext s -> (TermContext s,TCTerm) -> TCTerm
applyExt tc1 (tc0,t) = incTCVars d 0 t
  where Just d = boundVarDiff tc1 tc0

-- | Extend a term with the context from the given pair to the extended context.
applyExtSafe :: TermContext s -> (TermContext s,TCTerm) -> Maybe TCTerm
applyExtSafe tc1 (tc0,t) = (\d -> incTCVars d 0 t) <$> boundVarDiff tc1 tc0

-- Global context stuff

-- | Location contains
data Loc
  = ImportedLoc ModuleName Pos
  | LocalLoc Pos

data GlobalBinding r
  = DataTypeBinding Loc (TCDataTypeGen r)
    -- Datatype ident, ctor ident, ctor type.
  | CtorBinding Loc (TCDataTypeGen r) (TCCtorGen r)
  | DefBinding Loc (TCDefGen r)

-- | Returns location and identified of global binding.
globalBindingDesc :: GlobalBinding r -> (Loc,Ident)
globalBindingDesc gb =
  case gb of
    DataTypeBinding l dt -> (l, dtgName dt)
    CtorBinding l _ c -> (l, ctorName c)
    DefBinding l def -> (l, defGenIdent def)

type GlobalContextMap s = Map Un.Ident [GlobalBinding (TCRef s)]

data GlobalContext s = GC { gcMap :: !(GlobalContextMap s)
                          , gcEqns :: !(Map Ident (TCRef s [TCDefEqn]))
                          }

emptyGlobalContext :: GlobalContext s
emptyGlobalContext = GC { gcMap = Map.empty
                        , gcEqns = Map.empty
                        }

type UntypedBinding s = (Un.Ident, GlobalBinding (TCRef s))

insertAllBindings :: [UntypedBinding s] -> GlobalContextMap s -> GlobalContextMap s
insertAllBindings = flip (foldr ins)
  where ins (i,v) = Map.insertWith (++) i [v]

-- | Add untyped global with the given module names.
untypedBindings :: Bool
                -> [Maybe ModuleName]
                -> String
                -> GlobalBinding (TCRef s)
                -> [UntypedBinding s]
untypedBindings vis mnml nm gb
  | vis = [ (Un.mkIdent mnm nm, gb) | mnm <- mnml ]
  | otherwise = []

-- | Insert data type into global context.
insertDataType :: [Maybe ModuleName] -- ^ List of namespaces for symbols.
               -> Bool -- ^ Indicates if data type should be visible to users.
               -> Loc -- ^ Location where datatype comes from.
               -> DataTypeGen (TCRef s TCDTType) (Bool, Loc, TCRefCtor s)
               -> GlobalContext s
               -> GlobalContext s
insertDataType mnml vis loc (DataTypeGen dtnm dtp cl isPrim) gc =
    gc { gcMap = insertAllBindings bindings (gcMap gc) }
  where dt = DataTypeGen dtnm dtp (view _3 <$> cl) isPrim
        dtBindings = untypedBindings vis mnml (identName dtnm) (DataTypeBinding loc dt)
        cBindings (b, cloc, c@(Ctor cnm _)) =
          untypedBindings b mnml (identName cnm) (CtorBinding cloc dt c)
        bindings = dtBindings ++ concatMap cBindings cl

insertDef :: [Maybe ModuleName]
          -> Bool -- ^ Indicates ifd definition should be visible to users.
          -> Loc -- ^ Location where symbol comes form.
          -> TCRefDef s
          -> GlobalContext s
          -> GlobalContext s
insertDef mnml vis loc d@(DefGen nm _ _ eqs) gc =
    gc { gcMap  = insertAllBindings bindings (gcMap gc)
       , gcEqns = Map.insert nm eqs (gcEqns gc)
       }
  where bindings = untypedBindings vis mnml (identName nm) (DefBinding loc d)

showQuoted :: Show s => s -> Doc
showQuoted nm = squotes (text (show nm))

-- | Lookup ctor returning identifier and type.
resolveGlobalIdent :: GlobalContext s -> PosPair Un.Ident -> TC s (GlobalBinding (TCRef s))
resolveGlobalIdent gc (PosPair p nm) =
  case fromMaybe [] $ Map.lookup nm (gcMap gc) of
    [] -> tcFail p $ show $ text "Unknown identifier:" <+> showQuoted nm <> text "."
    [d] -> return d
    (d:r) -> tcFail p $ show $
      text "Ambiguous occurance" <+> showQuoted nm <> text "." <$$>
      ppLoc firstText (globalBindingDesc d) <$$>
      vcat (ppLoc otherText . globalBindingDesc <$> r)
 where firstText = "It could refer to either"
       otherText = "                      or"
       imporText = "                         imported from"
       ppLoc t (ImportedLoc mnm oldp, sym) =
         text t <+> showQuoted sym <> comma <$$>
         text imporText <+> showQuoted mnm <+> text ("at " ++ show oldp)
       ppLoc t (LocalLoc pm, sym) =
         text t <+> showQuoted sym <> text (", defined at " ++ show pm)

-- | Lookup ctor returning identifier and type.
resolveCtor :: GlobalContext s -> PosPair Un.Ident -> Int -> TC s (Ident, TCTerm)
resolveCtor gc (PosPair p nm) argc = do
  gb <- resolveGlobalIdent gc (PosPair p nm)
  case gb of
    CtorBinding _ dt (Ctor c rtp) -> do
      tp <- eval p rtp
      if fixedPiArgCount tp == argc then
        return $ (c, termFromTCCtorType (dtgName dt) tp)
      else
        tcFail p "Incorrect number of arguments given to constructor."
    DataTypeBinding{} -> tcFail p $ "Pattern matching data type is unsupported."
    DefBinding{} -> tcFail p $ "Not a data constructor: " ++ show nm

-- TermContext

data TermContext s where
  TopContext :: GlobalContext s -> TermContext s
  LetContext :: TermContext s -> [TCRefLocalDef s] -> TermContext s
  BindContext :: TermContext s -> String -> TCTerm -> TermContext s

boundVarDiff :: TermContext s -> TermContext s -> Maybe Int
boundVarDiff tc1 tc0
    | d >= 0 = Just d
    | otherwise = Nothing
  where d = termBoundCount tc1 - termBoundCount tc0

termBoundCount :: TermContext s -> Int
termBoundCount TopContext{} = 0
termBoundCount (LetContext tc lcls) = termBoundCount tc + length lcls
termBoundCount (BindContext tc _ _) = termBoundCount tc + 1

-- | Empty term context.
emptyTermContext :: GlobalContext s -> TermContext s
emptyTermContext = TopContext

-- | Add bound var to the context.
consBoundVar :: String -> TCTerm -> TermContext s -> TermContext s
consBoundVar nm tp ctx = BindContext ctx nm tp

-- | Add local definitions to context.
consLocalDefs :: [TCRefLocalDef s] -> TermContext s -> TermContext s
consLocalDefs = flip LetContext

globalContext :: TermContext s -> GlobalContext s
globalContext (BindContext tc _ _) = globalContext tc
globalContext (LetContext tc _) = globalContext tc
globalContext (TopContext gc) = gc

data BoundInfo where
  BoundVar :: String -> BoundInfo
  LocalDef :: String -> BoundInfo

resolveBoundInfo :: DeBruijnIndex -> TermContext s -> BoundInfo
resolveBoundInfo 0 (BindContext _ nm _) = BoundVar nm
resolveBoundInfo i (BindContext tc _ _) = resolveBoundInfo (i-1) tc
resolveBoundInfo i0 (LetContext tc lcls) = lclFn i0 (reverse lcls)
  where lclFn 0 (LocalFnDefGen nm _ _:_) = LocalDef nm
        lclFn i (_:r) = lclFn (i-1) r
        lclFn i [] = resolveBoundInfo i tc
resolveBoundInfo _ TopContext{} = error "resolveBoundInfo given invalid index."

globalDefEqns :: Ident -> TermContext s -> TCRef s [TCDefEqn]
globalDefEqns i tc = fromMaybe emsg $ Map.lookup i (gcEqns (globalContext tc))
  where emsg = error $ "Could not find equations for " ++ show i ++ "."

-- Haddock will not parse comments on GADT constructors :-(
data InferResult where
  --  Ctor with identifier argument list and
  PartialCtor :: Ident -- Datatype identifier
              -> Ident -- Ctor identifier.
              -> [TCTerm] -- Arguments so far.
              -> TCPat  -- Pattern for next argument
              -> TCTerm -- Type of next argument.
              -> TCCtorType -- Result ctor type.
              -> InferResult
  PartialDataType :: Ident
                  -> [TCTerm]
                  -> TCPat
                  -> TCTerm
                  -> TCDTType
                  -> InferResult
  TypedValue :: TCTerm -> TCTerm -> InferResult

matchName :: String -> Un.Ident -> Bool
matchName nm (Un.asLocalIdent -> Just nm') = nm == nm'
matchName _ _ = False

-- | Infer result of variable or ctor reference.
resolveIdent :: forall s . TermContext s
             -> PosPair Un.Ident -> TC s InferResult
resolveIdent tc0 (PosPair p ident) = go tc0
  where go tc1@(BindContext tc nm tp)
            | matchName nm ident =
                pure $ TypedValue (applyExt tc0 (tc1,TCVar 0))
                                  (applyExt tc0 (tc,tp))
            | otherwise = go tc
        go tc1@(LetContext tc lcls) = lclFn 0 (reverse lcls)
          where lclFn i (LocalFnDefGen nm tp _ : r)
                    | matchName nm ident =
                        pure $ TypedValue (applyExt tc0 (tc1, TCLocalDef i))
                                          (applyExt tc0 (tc,tp))
                    | otherwise = lclFn (i+1) r
                lclFn _ [] = go tc
        go (TopContext gc) = do
          gb <- resolveGlobalIdent gc (PosPair p ident)
          case gb of
            DataTypeBinding _ (DataTypeGen dt rtp _ _) -> do
              ftp <- eval p rtp
              case ftp of
                FPResult s -> pure $ TypedValue (TCF (DataTypeApp dt [])) (TCF (Sort s))
                FPPi pat tp next -> pure $ PartialDataType dt [] pat tp next
            CtorBinding _ dt (Ctor c rtp) -> do
              ftp <- eval p rtp
              case ftp of
                FPResult args ->
                 pure $ TypedValue (TCF (CtorApp c []))
                                   (TCF (DataTypeApp (dtgName dt) args))
                FPPi pat tp next -> pure $ PartialCtor (dtgName dt) c [] pat tp next
            DefBinding _ (DefGen gi _ rtp _) ->
              TypedValue (TCF (GlobalDef gi)) <$> eval p rtp

-- | Return names in context.
contextNames :: TermContext s -> [String]
contextNames (BindContext tc nm _) = nm : contextNames tc
contextNames (LetContext tc lcls) = fmap lclName lcls ++ contextNames tc
  where lclName (LocalFnDefGen nm _ _) = nm
contextNames TopContext{} = []

-- Pretty printing

-- | Pretty print a term context.
ppTermContext :: TermContext s -> Doc
ppTermContext (BindContext tc nm tp) =
  text ("bind " ++ nm) <+> text "::" <+> ppTCTerm tc PrecLambda tp <$$>
  ppTermContext tc
ppTermContext (LetContext tc lcls) =
    text "let" <+> (nest 4 (vcat (ppLcl <$> lcls))) <$$>
    ppTermContext tc
  where ppLcl (LocalFnDefGen nm tp _) =
         text nm <+> text "::" <+> ppTCTerm tc PrecLambda tp
ppTermContext TopContext{} = text "top"

-- | Pretty print a pat
ppTCPat :: AnnPat a -> Doc
ppTCPat (TCPVar nm _) = text nm
ppTCPat (TCPUnused nm _) = text nm
ppTCPat (TCPatF pf) =
  case asUPTuple (TCPatF pf) of
    Just pl -> parens $ commaSepList (ppTCPat <$> pl)
    Nothing ->
      case pf of
        UPUnit     -> text "()"
        UPPair x y -> parens (ppTCPat x <+> text "#" <+> ppTCPat y)
        UPRecord m -> runIdentity $ ppRecordF (Identity . ppTCPat) m
        UPCtor c l -> hsep (ppIdent c : fmap ppTCPat l)

ppTCTerm :: TermContext s -> Prec -> TCTerm -> Doc
ppTCTerm tc = ppTCTermGen (text <$> contextNames tc)

-- | Pretty print TC term with doc used for free variables.
ppTCTermGen :: [Doc] -> Prec -> TCTerm -> Doc
ppTCTermGen d pr (TCF tf) =
  runIdentity $ ppFlatTermF (\pr' t -> return (ppTCTermGen d pr' t)) pr tf
ppTCTermGen d pr (TCApp x y) = ppAppParens pr $
  ppTCTermGen d PrecApp x <+> ppTCTermGen d PrecArg y
ppTCTermGen d pr (TCLambda p l r) = ppParens (pr > PrecNone) $
  char '\\' <> parens (ppTCPat p <+> colon <+> ppTCTermGen d PrecLambda l)
            <+> text "->"
            <+> ppTCTermGen (d ++ fmap text (V.toList $ patVarNames p)) PrecLambda r
ppTCTermGen d pr (TCPi p l r) = ppParens (pr > PrecNone) $
  parens (ppTCPat p <+> colon <+> ppTCTermGen d PrecLambda l)
    <+> text "->" <+> ppTCTermGen (d ++ fmap text (V.toList $ patVarNames p)) PrecLambda r
ppTCTermGen d pr (TCLet lcls t) = ppParens (pr > PrecNone) $
    text "let " <> nest 4 (vcat (ppLcl <$> lcls)) <$$>
    text " in " <> nest 4 (ppTCTermGen (d ++ fmap text (localVarNamesGen lcls)) PrecNone t)
  where ppLcl (LocalFnDefGen nm tp _) =
          text nm <+> text "::" <+> ppTCTermGen d PrecLambda tp
ppTCTermGen d _ (TCVar i) | 0 <= i && i < length d = d !! i
                          | otherwise = text $ "Bad variable index " ++ show i
ppTCTermGen d _ (TCLocalDef i) | 0 <= i && i < length d = d !! i
                               | otherwise = text $ "Bad local var index " ++ show i

-- | Bound the free variables in the term with pi quantifiers.
boundFreeVarsWithPi :: (TermContext s, TCTerm) -> TermContext s -> TCTerm
boundFreeVarsWithPi (tc1,t0) tc0 = go d0 tc1 t0
  where Just d0 = boundVarDiff tc1 tc0
        go 0 _ t = t
        go d (BindContext tc nm tp) t = go (d-1) tc (TCPi (TCPVar nm (0,tp)) tp t)
        go _ _ _ = error "boundFreeVarsWithPi given bad context"

-- | Check TCPat free variables returning new number of bound variables.
checkTCPatOf :: Int -> Simple Traversal s TCPat -> s -> Maybe Int
checkTCPatOf c t s0 = finalCheck =<< execStateT (traverseOf_ t go s0) (Set.empty,Set.empty)
  where finalCheck (s,u) = do
          let sz = Set.size s
          -- Check s contains all variables in range (0..sz-1)
          let cnt = maybe 0 ((+1) . fst) (Set.maxView s)
          unless (cnt == sz) $ error $ "Set missing variables: " ++ show s
          -- Check all elements in u are at most sz.
          unless (allOf folded (<= sz) u) $ error "Invalid index in unused variable."
          return (c+sz)
        go (TCPVar _ (i,tp)) = do
          lift $ checkTCTerm (c+i) tp
          s <- use _1
          when (Set.member i s) $ error "Already encountered variable"
          _1 .= Set.insert i s
        go (TCPUnused _ (i,tp)) = do
          lift $ checkTCTerm (c+i) tp
          _2 %= Set.insert i
        go (TCPatF pf) = traverseOf_ folded go pf

checkDefEqn :: Int -> TCDefEqn -> Maybe ()
checkDefEqn c (DefEqnGen pl r) = do
  c' <- checkTCPatOf c traverse pl
  checkTCTerm c' r

checkLocalDefs :: Int -> [TCLocalDef] -> Maybe Int
checkLocalDefs c l = traverseOf_ folded checkFn l >> return (c+length l)
  where c' = c + length l
        checkFn (LocalFnDefGen _ tp eqns) = do
          checkTCTerm c tp
          traverseOf_ folded (checkDefEqn c') eqns

-- | Check that term does not reference free variables out of given range.
checkTCTerm :: Int -> TCTerm -> Maybe ()
checkTCTerm c t0 =
  case t0 of
    TCF tf -> traverseOf_ folded (checkTCTerm c) tf
    TCApp x y -> do
      checkTCTerm c x
      checkTCTerm c y
    TCLambda p tp r -> do
      checkTCTerm c tp
      c' <- checkTCPatOf c id p
      checkTCTerm c' r
    TCPi p tp r -> do
      checkTCTerm c tp
      c' <- checkTCPatOf c id p
      checkTCTerm c' r
    TCLet lcls r -> do
      c' <- checkLocalDefs c lcls
      checkTCTerm c' r
    TCVar i -> unless (i < c) $ error "Illegal var index"
    TCLocalDef i -> unless (i < c) $ error "Illegal local def index"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The 3 major indexes closed with modest gains today, as crude for future delivery got cheaper and the cost of New York Spot Gold fell by $13.20. 1,570,544,080 shares were traded @ The New York Stock Exchange®.
Shares of Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) component Merck (MRK) fell by $2.35 (-5.71%) to close @ $38.83 on news of two legal setbacks, including a recent jury award of $51 million for retired FBI agent Gerald Barnett, who suffered a heart attack while taking Vioxx.
Shares of Longs Drug Stores Corporation (LDG) gained $4.00 (+9.10%) to close @ $47.96.
Shares of Blue Coat Systems Inc. (BCSI) gained $2.09 (+14.95%) to close @ $16.07.
Shares of Red Hat Inc. (RHAT) gained $2.66 (+11.54%) to close @ $25.71.
Shares of Men's Wearhouse Inc. (MW) gained $3.21 (+9.25%) to close @ $37.93.
Shares of NYSE Group (NYX) fell by $1.76 (-2.94%) to close @ $58.10. The NYSE Group owns the New York Stock Exchange®.


text:
Spain gets ready for the 2012 Banyoles ITU Triathlon World Cup
by Merryn Sherwood on 01 May, 2012 02:02 • Español
The 2012 Banyoles ITU Triathlon World Cup has been launched with the Catalan General Secretary for Sports, Ivan Tibau, and the mayor of Banyoles, Miquel Noguer, opening the events official presentation in Catalonia's thriving capital, Barcelona.
The 2012 Triathlon World Cup will be one of the final competitions before the London Olympics, an event which "Will internationally project a good image of our modern, highly developed country," said Tibau. This event is the fourth of nine in the 2012 ITU World Cup series. Over 100 professional triathletes are expected to compete in the 1.5 km swim, 40km bike and 10km run.
The launch, held at Barcelona's Museum and Study Centre for Sports Dr. Melcior Colet, was attended by Miquel Noguer, mayor of Banyoles, Josep Pujols, regional sports representative of Girona, José Hidalgo, president of the Spanish Triathlon Federation and Jesús Lluis Andreu, President of the Catalan Triathlon Federation. Jordi Congost, from the Banyoles City Council for Sports and Joan Anton Abellán, the Competition's Executive Director, were also present.
Tibau thanked the city's commitment to sport while highlighting the international reach of this year's World Cup.
"We are very happy about Banyoles being the first Spanish town hosting the World Cup, and the second city in Europe. This speaks for the excellent conditions offered by the town and its lake, where all kinds of competitions can be practiced. It also says a lot about the city's organisational capacity and the great engagement of all sport organisations towards the competition," he said. "This event will boost the regional economy and give out an image of a modern and developed country which lives sport with passion and does things the right way."
The General Secretary for Sports stressed that the organisation of this kind of events "Will help triathlon gain popularity in Catalonia, since every year there are more people practicing it and joining the federation. It is a sport which enjoys very good health," he said. Triathlon has one of the highest federation participation rates in Spain.
As for the mayor of Banyoles, Miquel Noguer, he recalled the town's emphasis on sports tourism, stating that triathlon will always have a place and referring to the organisation of six other sport events planned throughout the year. Banyoles has experience in organising international sport competitions for rowing, canoeing and triathlon. He also welcomed the high commitment of Banyoles' townsfolk, volunteers and sports clubs, which together make it possible for competitions to be successful. Banyoles last year held the 2011 ETU European Triathlon Premium Cup.
Apart from the World Cup, other events will also be held in Banyoles during that weekend, such as the classifying competition for the Spanish Cup, the age groupers distance sprint triathlon and the popular super sprint triathlon.
With files from the Banyoles LOC, photo courtesy of Jordi Estruch
Article tags world cup banyoles
Article gallery
Related Event: 2012 Banyoles ITU Triathlon World Cup
17 Jun, 2012 • event page • all results
Results: Elite Women
1. Gwen Jorgensen USA 01:59:39
2. Erin Densham AUS 01:59:55
3. Ashleigh Gentle AUS 02:00:02
4. Andrea Hansen NZL 02:00:35
5. Lois Rosindale GBR 02:01:10
Results: Elite Men
1. Lukas Verzbicas USA 01:47:28
2. Laurent Vidal FRA 01:47:45
3. Dmitry Polyanskiy RUS 01:48:04
4. Mark Buckingham GBR 01:48:16
5. Adam Bowden GBR 01:48:22
What's ahead in the 2012 ITU World Cup series
The 2012 ITU World Cup season kicks off in less than 10 days, so it's time to take a look ahead at ITU's longest running series, the toughest courses and the changes in store for this year.
11:39 - 15 Mar, 2012
World Triathlon is pleased to announce that following an extensive review…
Mental toughness, the winning mindset and the glitz and glamour on display at the…
Bosön, Sweden, has successfully hosted the first course for Classification…
Latest Event Galleries
2022 World Triathlon Championship Finals Abu Dhabi
2022 World Triathlon Age-Group Championships Abu Dhabi
2022 World Triathlon Cup Vina del Mar
2022 Americas Triathlon Cup Viña del Mar
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text:
Table of Contents » Title 8.01. Civil Remedies and Procedure » Chapter 26.2. Appeals Generally » Article 4. Miscellaneous Provisions » § 8.01-688. Order books, etc., of former district courts in custody of Clerk of Supreme Court, etc
Title 8.01. Civil Remedies and Procedure
Chapter 26.2. Appeals Generally
§ 8.01-688. Order books, etc., of former district courts in custody of Clerk of Supreme Court, etc.
The order books, dockets and other office books formerly belonging to the several former district courts shall remain in the custody of the Clerk of the Supreme Court. Said Clerk shall furnish transcripts of the records and proceedings of such district courts when required, and perform all other duties in respect to records and proceedings of such district courts as might have been performed by the clerks of such district courts if such courts had continued to exist. All printed and manuscript orders, and other papers pertaining to cases decided in such district courts, shall remain in the custody of the clerks of the circuit courts at the several places where such district courts held their sessions, who shall be charged with the same duties in respect to such records and papers as might have been performed by the clerks of such district courts respectively, if such courts had continued to exist, and who shall receive for any such service fees similar to those charged by the clerks of district courts for such services.
The chapters of the acts of assembly referenced in the historical citation at the end of this section may not constitute a comprehensive list of such chapters and may exclude chapters whose provisions have expired.
Virginia Law Library
The Code of Virginia, Constitution of Virginia, Charters, Authorities, Compacts and Uncodified Acts are now available in both EPub and MOBI eBook formats.
Virginia Code Commission
Virginia Register of Regulations
The Virginia Law website data is available via a web service.


Description: A vulnerability was reported in Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning Tool. A remote authenticated user can modify files on the target system.
A remote authenticated user can exploit an input validation flaw in the batch provisioning feature to overwrite system files with root privileges on the target system.
The BatchFileName and Directory parameters are affected.
The vendor has assigned bug ID CSCvd61766 to this vulnerability.
Impact: A remote authenticated user can modify system files on the target system.


text:
"Don't Leave Me Now" is a song by Pink Floyd. It appears on The Wall album (1979) and was released as a B-side on the single of "Run Like Hell".   A 12" single of "Run Like Hell," "Don't Leave Me Now" and "Another Brick in the Wall (Part 2)" peaked at #57 on the Disco Top 100 chart in the U.S.

Composition
The main section of "Don't Leave Me Now", recorded with synthesizer bass, organ, piano, and a delay-treated guitar, does not adhere to one single key, but rather cycles slowly through four dissonant and seemingly-unrelated chords, for two measures of each: An E augmented chord, followed by a D flat major seventh chord, a B flat dominant seventh chord with a suspended second, followed by a G Major chord, which, after one bar, augments its fifth, before returning to the beginning of the progression. The first three chords all sustain the notes G♯/A♭ and C, and this interval is then lowered chromatically by one semitone for the conclusion on G Major. Furthermore, the roots of this chord progression (E, D♭, B♭, and G) outline the intervals of a diminished seventh chord. The roots relate to each other as a pair of tritones - the E and B♭ form one tritone, and the D♭ and G form the other. Musicologist and author Phil Rose described this section of the song as "entirely non-functional harmonically" and stated that "[M]ost of the time when a phrase ends, Waters is either singing one of the most dissonant notes in the accompanying chord, or a non-chord tone." There is no percussion, and the tempo is very slow.

In the second section, drums, bass, and guitar enter, and the music becomes more consonant, resolving to the key of A minor through the use of D and A suspended second chords, as David Gilmour sings a refrain of "Ooh, babe".

Plot
The Wall tells the story of Pink, an alienated and embittered rock star. At this point in the album's narrative, Pink has discovered his wife's infidelity. He invites a groupie to his hotel room in L.A., during his American tour and destroys the hotel room in a fit of rage, scaring the groupie away.  Pink falls into a depression. Despite the dysfunctionality of the marriage, he listlessly pleads with his wife not to leave him, stating "I need you, babe / To put through the shredder in front of my friends".

Waters, in a 1980 interview with Jim Ladd, described this song as being about "two people who have treated each other very badly", yet are devastated at the prospect of their relationship ending. He also stated during the 1992 US radio special Pink Floyd: The 25th Anniversary Special that the lyrics had nothing to do with his personal life, as he had a more cordial relationship with his wife in real life than Pink did.

Film version
The song begins with a close-up of the debris in Pink's hotel room, then switches over to the hotel's pool, where Pink is seen floating in a crucifix position. Having cut open his right hand during his violent outburst, his blood stains the pool water. What follows is a fantasy sequence in which Pink watches The Dam Busters on TV in a much larger, and entirely empty, hotel room. The shadow of Pink's wife emerges on the back wall before materialising into a praying mantis-like monster, which then transforms into the vulva-shaped flower from "What Shall We Do Now?". The song ends with Pink cowering in the corner of the room, tortured by both the imaginary mantis in front of him, and thoughts of his wife's adultery.

Personnel
Roger Waters – EMS VCS 3 synthesizer, lead vocals (verses), harmony vocals (outro segment)
David Gilmour – guitars, bass guitar, lead vocals (outro segment), breathing
Richard Wright – bass pedals, Hammond organ, piano, Prophet-5 synthesizer
Nick Mason – drums

Personnel per Fitch and Mahon.

References

1979 songs
Pink Floyd songs
Songs written by Roger Waters
Song recordings produced by Bob Ezrin
Song recordings produced by David Gilmour
Song recordings produced by Roger Waters
Songs about loneliness

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Lovely tight crisp tropical yellow green notes, some passionfruit, stone fruits, some minerality and very integrated autolysis. Vibrant fresh but exquisitely balanced, reflective of the varieties and region, but really a cut above. Amazingly subtle and long, like a Champagne twist on Cava.
Fresh bright, slightly uriney sauvignon blanc fume stink, again green fruits on the nose. Very full fruit driven fresh vibrant textural volume. Bold stone fruits and some very ripe citrus notes. Pretty intense now, perhaps will settle down in some months. Wonderfully juicy and drinkably refreshing.
Very creamy toasty almonds and maize notes, slight toffee aromas, ripe citrus peach notes. Full crunchy bold hot texture, multilayered, very ripe and fruit heavy, oak meshes well with the ripeness of the fruit, thank god there is no malolactic as it would make it far too fat. Well balanced, just too warm a region for the variety, like Sicily.
Sausage meat, toasty notes, black olives, black fruits. Wonderful acidity and freshness, beautiful balance, bright red and black fruits, fresh plum and cherry notes, Full and generous yet soft and approachable with solid structure and character.
Dusty chalky clay notes, slightly smoky meats, full voluptuous, very tight in structure and looking a little youthful/green in texture. Oak looking a little prominent still, lot's of potential. The structure is all there, the pieces around it just need to fall into line. Slightly warm.


text:
It's great – now make it funnier
Graham Linehan talks to Jay Richardson about The Ladykillers, The IT Crowd and Count Arthur Strong
The brief was simple. Rewrite one of the finest British comedy films of all time. And make it funnier.
But if anyone is equal to the task of reviving the supremely dark Ealing Comedy classic The Ladykillers, it would be Father Ted and IT Crowd writer Graham Linehan. His stage adaptation opens in Liverpool in October – and with an impressive cast including Peter Capaldi, Ben Miller and the Vicar of Dibley's James Fleet.
The 1955 film, directed by Alexander Mackendrick, starred Alec Guinness and Peter Sellers as the members of a criminal gang who ineptly try to murder an eccentric old landlady when she discovers they've committed a robbery. Capaldi will reprise Guinness' role of the sinister Professor Marcus, while Miller is the gangster Louis, originally played by Herbert Lom. 'All these names, I'm just delighted because I like all of them' Linehan enthuses.
He took on the stage job despite a heavy workload: He is currently developing a BBC sitcom pilot for bumbling thespian Count Arthur Strong, has plans for another with Adam Buxton's spoof filmmaker Ken Korda, and has yet to write the fifth series of The IT Crowd – which he says could be the last.
But Linehan said the challenge to adapt a film which reputedly arrived fully formed in original writer William Rose's dreams was too compelling to refuse, even though he was mindful of the difficulties the Coen Brothers encountered with their 2004 remake set in America's Deep South. He recalls '[The producers] met me, and they said, "You like The Ladykillers don't you? Could be funnier though couldn't it?" And I just thought that was a brilliant pitch.
'Because it's an odd film, in that it's got a wonderful shape, that slightly fairytale, dreamlike quality to it, and all these fantastic bold archetypes in it – the spiv, the conman major, the genius, criminal mastermind – really big characters. But it's not a film from which many lines spring to mind, nothing like "nobody's perfect" from Some Like It Hot. It doesn't have as many zingers as you remember.'
Unlike in the film, Linehan decided to locate all the narrative in the landlady's house, leaving the audience to imagine the robbery and affording him 'a big doll's house for me to play with, to see if I can get more comic scenes and set pieces out of these wonderful characters that already exist.'
As well as his work on The Ladykillers, Linehan is developing a planned TV series for Doncaster luvvie and Radio 4 favourite Count Arthur Strong.
A first pilot found the bewildered Count presiding over a gameshow. 'It was fine, it had some really funny moments' says Linehan. 'There's a bit where Arthur does The Windmills of Your Mind that I still take out to show whenever friends come round.
'But generally, it felt like it would be a real strain to get actors to play gameshow contestants every week. We couldn't have that flexibility that Alan Partridge had in Knowing Me, Knowing You, it would have been too difficult.'
Reagrdless, the BBC was impressed enough to ask Linehan and the charater's creator Steve Delaney to develop it into a more conventional sitcom. And the pilot allowed them to 'really sit down and talk about the character, to try to figure out more aspects of his daily life that we could use later. Again, Partridge was the model, the way they moved from Knowing Me, Knowing You to I'm Alan Partridge. We wanted to introduce the character than see what he was like in his daily life.
'My mission has been to help Steve create an environment Arthur could have fun in. And that's not necessarily something he's used to, because he thinks very much from within the character. When he writes, he's basically the Count. As soon as he starts doing the voice, the character just appears in front of your eyes. I'd love it if we got to a stage where he did become as real as Partridge because that would be a true achievement.'
This project and one provisionally called Outside The Box, starring Adam Buxton's Ken Korda character, that Linehan characterises as 'a parody of a certain type of show, a mix of The Culture Show and TFI Friday', and which appealed for a studio audience of 'self-consciously trendy hipster types', is on hold till he has the time to write the fifth and possibly final series of The IT Crowd. Having attracted its highest ever ratings of 2.17million for the fourth series, he maintains 'I'm desperately trying to get it done this year'.
'I think one more series to really say goodbye to the characters and the fans. I'm not rushing into it because I don't want it to be a zombie series where the show is dead but its body is still moving around. If I'm talking about super-injunctions, I want it to be the best possible super-injunction storyline I can do.'
A committed Tweeter, instrumental in organising the Twitter Joke Trail benefit gig for Paul Chambers, who was prosecuted for tweeting about blowing Robin Hood airport 'sky high', Linehan also employed the social network to spread a rumour that the IT Crowd was Osama Bin Laden's favourite sitcom, a prank that spread like wildfire across the internet.
More importantly though, he's been using it to crowdsource a writing team for the IT Crowd, including BBC Scotland sketch show Burnistoun's Robert Florence and Iain Connell, having previously written the scripts alone.
Convening a virtual writers room with the online program Basecamp, 'I would post a theme or an image or whatever had happened to me that I found funny and the others would suggest different approaches to it or different resolutions'.
He stresses that 'I'm still writing the show. I use it more as an ideas pool when I'm stuck or to see if the storyline could go a different way' and explains that he was dissatisfied with the 'experiment' and the existing technology. I wanted it to be a casual drop in and out deal like Twitter is,' he explains, 'but once you start having to involve lawyers and contracts it becomes really hard.'
Besides, 'the thing that's most satisfying is actually sitting in a room with another person and bouncing ideas back and forth, like I had with Arthur [Mathews on Father Ted] or Dylan [Moran on Black Books]. That's so joyous.'
Even so, he believes that 'we're just waiting for the so-called real world to catch up with the digital. Once it does, there's going to be a lot more collaboration, it's going to be easier to work in groups, to get some of the good elements of team writing you get in America. It could possibly lead to longer seasons over here and you could actually pay people what they deserved to be paid.'
The Ladykillers opens at the Everyman and Playhouse Theatre in Liverpool in October.
It's unnatural to have people watching my imaginary world on screen. They can see what I've been thinking about!
'I want to make my guests look cooler than they are'
It's hard being funny in a corset...
'Period dramas never have a sense of humour... What if a Peaky Blinder did a pratfall?'
'I pretend I consider the public equals...'
'I will miss the whole of being in this. It's very dear to my heart'
"It really seems to me that in the midst of great tragedy, there is always the horrible possibility that something terribly funny will happen"
– Philip K Dick


Whether you're simply getting began or have refined wealth planning needs, Atlas provides independent, unbiased advice along the way. Success! You are signed up for the Business publication. Listed below are more newsletters it's possible you'll be serious about. Get unbeatable access to Business Financial Advisor candidates with LinkedIn Jobs. The Academic Committee of the Grasp complies with the SGIC of Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and it's liable for the standard evaluation of this system, it contributes with proposals to enhance this system and produces the Memoria Académica de Titulación".
That is the identical mindset change that it's important to confront as a monetary advisor if you want to make a transition from a follow to a business. It means you are not right here to do monetary planning – simply as Sarah wasn't there to make pies anymore – it's your job to build and grow a enterprise that brings financial advice to clients, simply because it grew to become Sarah's job to run a pie-making enterprise.
Most instantly, her net value is now positive, and so are the return-on-net-worth and the whole debt ratios. As her debt has change into much less vital, her potential to afford it has improved (to pay for its interest and repayment). Both her interest coverage and free money circulation ratios show large increases. Since her web revenue margin (and revenue) has grown, the one motive her return-on-asset ratio has decreased is as a result of her assets have grown even quicker than her income.
By all standards, this was a horrible despair. It was deep, it was large, and it was long; 12 years long. Simply think how that may go over in at present's political environment. While there may be in all probability nothing that would have been performed to stop such a robust financial downturn, if intelligent minds had prevailed instead of political ones, it wouldn't have been as dangerous.
On the identical time, billions of dollars are being spent on invading the privateness of fine Americans bypassing the protections within the authentic US Structure. The action of registering her Genetic Property, (her baby), inside the State of the child's beginning gave the Paper Title to the United States, that is done in type (on paper) solely the residing, breathing, child still belongs to the mother.


text:
the runner eclectic
Puzzling it out, one run at a time
← Thursday June 5th is the Adrian Martinez Classic
Anatomy of an Injury (Part 1 of 3: "I Got This") →
Garrett O'Toole Runs 4:01.89
Posted on June 6, 2014 by Jon Waldron
Last night at Emerson Track in Concord, Middlesex School senior Garrett O'Toole ran a full mile in 4:01.89, breaking Andy Powell's 16-year-old Massachusetts High School record and becoming the 14th fastest U.S. prep miler of all time.
His run into the record books is the latest accomplishment in a magnificent season that has also seen him run the U.S. #1 time for 1500m (3:45.55), the U.S. #5 time for 800m (1:50.16), and the U.S. #4 time for 3000m (8:19.17, en route to a 8:53.08 3200). He has at least one more chance to compete against the best in the country at the High School Dream Mile, part of the Adidas Diamond League meet in New York on June 14th.
On a cool and humid evening, at the same track where Middlesex, Concord Academy, Concord-Carlisle HS, and several middle schools share practice time, it never occurred to me that O'Toole might seriously threaten the four-minute mark. Yes, he had run 3:45.55 for 1500, a time that converts to a 4:03-something mile. And yes, he had run 1:50 for 800m just five days earlier, a personal best by over two seconds. But because he was local and familiar (we regularly ran into him at the Emerson track), the thought that he might become the sixth high school boy to go sub-4:00 (along with Jim Ryun, Marty Liquori, Tim Danielson, Alan Webb, and Lukas Verzbicas) didn't cross my mind,
I still have very distinct memories of watching Victor Gras run 4:05 at the Mass. State Meet in 2004, and then 4:06 at the Nike Outdoor Nationals two weeks later. In this day and age, professional runners run sub-four routinely, and it takes a sub 3:50 to get our attention. But it's still a very rare thing to see a high school kid run that fast. If you're watching, you see an opening quarter of 59-60 and it makes you wonder, but it's too early to get your hopes up. When the opening lap is followed by another at very nearly the same pace, you stop whatever else you're doing and press up against the fence or shift to the front of your seat and begin to clap or cheer along with the rest of the crowd. But it's not until the three-quarter mark, passing at 3:01-3:02 that you become fully invested in the attempt.
When Gras ran 4:05, I remember seeing the clock at 3:45 as he came around the final turn, and all down that straightaway my head kept turning from the runner to the clock, wanting the former to move faster than the latter, hoping that magic number "3" wouldn't be replaced by the ordinary number "4."
It wasn't exactly like that last night. Following his pre-race plan to the letter, O'Toole held back at the start and settled into last through a first quarter of 61-high. As he passed the finish line, I remember thinking that the opening lap was too slow and had killed any chance for a sub-4:00. But he ran another lap of 61, staying well within himself, and then began to move up. he went through three-quarters in 3:03; how fast could he close?
At the is point, the race for first had become white-hot, with Manzano the Olympian trying to hold off three challengers. Manzano looked like he was straining, but he often looks that way. Did he have his world-class kick tonight or not. Around the far turn the leaders sped, and incredibly, O'Toole appeared to be closing the gap slightly. Into the final stretch, and the clock was in the 3:40's, with the small crowd willing the seconds to be longer.
As each man desperately tried to hold form, maybe even find something extra, the finish line finally arrived and brought their suffering to an end. Eric Finan (Team USA-Minnesota), Hamish Carson (New Zealand), and Julian Oakley (Providence) had all run under 3:59 and were separated at the line by only 0.16 seconds. Manzano, the headliner, had run hard but had finished only fourth in 3:59-low. Finan's teammate Jonathan Peterson had taken 5th in 4:01.12, and O'Toole had taken 6th, having run 58-point for the final lap.
After the race, O'Toole answered questions from the media, and of course one of them was whether he thought he could go sub-4:00 in his next race. He wasn't focused on that, he said. He wasn't going to put pressure on himself to do it, just try to run fast against good competition. Wise words from a kid who had very nearly accomplished what's still one of the most recognizable and impressive feats in Athletics.
About Jon Waldron
Running and Racing have been important parts of my life for as long as I can remember. I ran Track and Cross Country at Amherst HS, back in the day, and am proud to have been training and competing with the Cambridge Sports Union (CSU) for more than thirty years. If my bones hold out, I hope to continue for another thirty. Sixteen years ago, I began coaching, first as an Asst. Coach at Newton North HS in Newton, MA, and for the past ten years, as Head Track and Cross Country Coach at Concord Academy in Concord, Massachusetts. I've been writing about running for almost as long as I've been running, dating back to high school, when I would write meet summaries for the Amherst Record for about $0.33 per column inch. I've been blogging about running since 2005, and began blogging at "the runner eclectic" in 2014. Until recently I also had a day job, working full-time as a Technical Product Manager for Nuance Communications, based in Burlington, MA. But I am now on what might turn out to be a permanent sabbatical. Thank you for reading my blog, and please consider leaving a comment.
View all posts by Jon Waldron →
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text:
Woman murders her ex-boyfriend because he did not want to kiss him
Deepak GuptaOctober 18, 2021
A woman of Latino descent, murdered her ex-boyfriend from a threw in the chest while both lived together with the girlfriend of the murdered young man even in an apartment Chicago, Illinois.
The woman's name Claudia Reséndiz Flores, was arrested and now faces first degree murder charges without bail against her ex-partner, 29-year-old James P. Jones.
The reason why the woman murdered the man was because she asked him for a kiss, however, he rejected her because he had a relationship with another woman, the third in disagreement and that she was his girlfriend.
The woman He could not bear that he would reject her and also felt offended because not only did he not want to kiss her, but he kissed his girlfriend on the lips without caring about her request.
Claudia insisted once more for him to kiss her, however, the man did not want to, a situation that bothered Reséndiz a lot.
Suddenly and in just a few seconds, Claudia snatched a firearm that Jones had under some cushions of the armchair in the living room, when he saw her, he wanted to stop her, however, it was too late, the woman shot him directly in the chest, causing the death immediately.
Police detain the woman
Police officers from the town of Rolling Meadows, in Illinois, came to the site alerted by residents of The Preserve apartment complex in Woodfield.
When they entered, they found the body of the victim who received a shot in the chest, the same that caused his death without the aid bodies being able to do something for him.
Reséndiz Flores was arrested and identified as the shooter, for which the police officers were placed under custody, in the same way both the pistol and the crime scene were left in custody. investigation to make official the way in which the events happened. Reséndiz Flores was transferred to the Central Bail Court for a hearing.
The woman accepted that Shooting Jones, for which she was charged with first degree murder, during her hearing held last Saturday.
Illinois authorities, reported that this unfortunate event is an isolated case and does not pose a threat to citizens, however, they will continue with the investigations into the case.
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