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7 Unanswered Questions About the 28 Pages Declassification
July 29, 2016 August 2, 2016 editor28pages 28 pages, 9/11, Executive Order 13526, ISCAP, Josh Earnest, Justin Amash, Mandatory Declassification Review, Obama, Saudi Arabia, Thomas Massie, Tom Julin, Walter Jones, Young Americans for Liberty
Two weeks ago, after a declassification review led by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), the congressional intelligence committees finally released 28 pages from a joint congressional inquiry that outline a wide variety of connections between Saudi government officials, members of the Saudi royal family, suspected Saudi intelligence operatives and the 9/11 hijackers.
While the pages invite many questions about Saudi ties to the 9/11 attacks and just how thoroughly they were investigated by the 9/11 Commission, there are also many unanswered questions about the declassification itself.
Did President Obama ever read the 28 pages himself?
In 2009, Obama reportedly gave the first of two assurances to 9/11 family members that he would declassify the 28 pages. Seven years later—in April of this year—9/11 families were disappointed when he admitted he still hadn't bothered to read the pages that were said to link a supposed ally to the worst terrorist attack in U.S. history.
"I have a sense of what's in there. But this has been a process which we generally deal with through the intelligence community and Jim Clapper, our director of national intelligence, has been going through to make sure that whatever it is that is released is not gonna compromise some major national security interest of the United States," the president told Charlie Rose.
The average adult can read 28 pages in about a half hour. One would hope Obama ultimately insisted on reading the pages for himself and didn't rely on an ODNI recommendation that may have hidden important information not only from the American people but from Obama himself. The importance of his personally reading the pages is underscored by the possibility that, as discussed below, some of the still-redacted information may shed unflattering light on the very intelligence community that was performing the declassification review.
What's still hidden from view?
Rep. Justin Amash
In the last hours before the release, Rep. Walter Jones—Capitol Hill's foremost advocate for the release of the pages—was assured by an ODNI representative that the remaining redactions would be minimal. However, the public version of the 28 pages has 97 separate redactions, some of a single word or name and many representing multiple paragraphs in sequence.
In a Wednesday Q&A session following remarks at a convention of Young Americans for Liberty, Rep. Justin Amash—who had co-sponsored the House resolution that called for the release of the 28 pages—said he and fellow co-sponsor Thomas Massie intend to read both the public and the unredacted 28 pages side-by-side to see what's still being kept under wraps.
What are the specific rationales for each redaction?
When declassifications occur under the Freedom of Information Act or the Mandatory Declassification Review process, each redaction is labelled to give the reader an understanding of the reason the information must remain secret. These labels usually don't offer a lot of specificity, but instead simply refer to a provision of Executive Order 13526, which governs the classification system. For example, a label that says "E.O. 13526, section 1.4(c)" tells us the redaction is related to "intelligence activities (including covert action), intelligence sources or methods, or cryptology."
In the declassified 28 pages, however, there are no such labels, leaving us to question if there's truly a bona fide national security reason behind every redaction. We confess that even a label wouldn't necessarily remove that doubt, but it would at least represent an attempt by the government to justify each individual decision.
It's important to note that E.O. 13526 explicitly prohibits classification meant to "conceal violations of law, inefficiency or administrative error," "prevent embarrassment to a person, organization or agency" or "prevent or delay the release of information that does not require protection in the interest of the national security." Looking at what we can read in the 28 pages, it's hard not to conclude that President George W. Bush's original classification of essentially every word of the 28-page chapter from the congressional inquiry was a violation of these rules.
Do some redactions provide lingering cover for Saudi Arabia?
On the day before the 28 pages were released, White House press secretary Josh Earnest seemed to indicate that the U.S.-Saudi relationship would be factored into just how much of the 28 pages the American people would finally be granted permission to read.
"We want to make sure that we factor in the diplomatic equities into a decision like that. So when that process is completed, we will obviously coordinate not just with the (Director of National Intelligence) but also with the Congress to make sure those diplomatic equities are properly factored in," said Earnest.
Did the intelligence committees make adjustments to the redactions recommended by ODNI?
The release of the 28 pages was preceded by a intelligence community declassification review that President Obama requested in the summer of 2014. The White House portrayed the conclusion of that review as a recommendation from the intelligence community, with the ultimate decision on the release of the 28 pages left in the hands of Congress.
Considering the intelligence committees reportedly released the 28 pages on the same day they received the ODNI recommendation, it seems likely they chose to give full deference to the executive branch and made no adjustments. We'll have to rely on the judgments of declassification advocates like Jones, Amash and Massie to see if that deference was actually warranted.
Were some of ODNI's recommendations self-serving?
At a June press conference calling for the release of the 28 pages, Rep. Stephen Lynch seemed to imply that information in the 28 pages would be embarrassing to the intelligence community.
"There may be some very embarrassing facts, some very embarrassing moments, and some criticisms on our own intelligence service because of what happened, if all the facts come out," said Lynch. "I think that those individuals (in the intelligence community) don't want this to come out. They don't want the facts to come out because it may reveal terrible, terrible errors on their part and they may bear part of the blame" for failing to prevent the 9/11 attacks.
The released 28 pages do contain some passages that don't reflect well on the intelligence community, including an admission that, before 9/11, the FBI didn't focus resources on Saudis in the United States "due to Saudi Arabia's status as an American 'ally.'" However, given nearly 100 redactions, we're left to wonder if some of them are intended to safeguard individual and departmental reputations rather than national security.
What will become of the still-pending Mandatory Declassification Review of the 28 pages?
Separate from the intelligence community's declassification review, the 28 pages were in a queue for a similar but not identical assessment by the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel, or ISCAP. That assessment—called a Mandatory Declassification Review (MDR)—was requested by attorney Tom Julin on behalf of investigative reporters Dan Christensen, Anthony Summers and Robbyn Swan.
ISCAP is dominated by representatives of the intelligence community, so it's safe to assume it wouldn't deviate much if at all from the recommendation produced by the ODNI review, and, in any event, the ultimate outcome of a Mandatory Declassification Review is a non-binding recommendation to the president.
While that could be a different president by the time the process is complete, we may find that the MDR, if seen through, would only give us the benefit of some token rationales for each of the remaining redactions.
To Saudi-friendly @Heritage @LukeDCoffey money from Saudi amb to US to a handler of two 9/11 hijackers not important pic.twitter.com/367GxgmSn5
— 28Pages.org (@28Pages) July 26, 2016
Rep. Lynch: 28 Pages on 9/11 May Reveal "Terrible, Terrible Errors" by U.S. Intelligence Community
July 6, 2016 July 23, 2016 editor28pages 28 pages, 9/11, Saudi Arabia, Stephen Lynch, Terry Strada, Thomas Massie, Walter Jones
Rep. Stephen Lynch
Congressman Stephen Lynch, who has read 28 classified pages said to describe links between Saudi officials and the 9/11 hijackers, today suggested that information in the pages may embarrass the U.S. intelligence community.
Speaking at a press conference promoting a new resolution that calls for Congress to bypass the president and release the 28 pages to the public on its own, Lynch said, "There may be some very embarrassing facts, some very embarrassing moments, and some criticisms on our own intelligence service because of what happened, if all the facts come out."
"I think that those individuals (in the intelligence community) don't want this to come out," continued Lynch. "They don't want the facts to come out because it may reveal terrible, terrible errors on their part and they may bear part of the blame" for failing to prevent the worst terrorist attack in U.S. history.
Concealing Incompetence?
Lynch's remarks about the intelligence community seemed to echo a previous statement by former senator Bob Graham, who co-chaired the joint congressional intelligence inquiry that produced the 28 pages as the final chapter in a report spanning more than 800 pages.
At a January 2015 press conference on the 28 pages, Graham said, "Much of what passes for classification for national security reasons is really classified because it would disclose incompetence. And since the people who are classifying are also often the subject of the materials, they have an institutional interest in avoiding exposure of their incompetence."
Drawing in part on Graham's statement, 28Pages.org reasoned in a February 2015 piece that "it's likely that among the most powerful of (the) unseen opponents of 9/11 transparency are two strange bedfellows: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which has fueled the growth of terror (and) the U.S. intelligence community, which is charged with thwarting terror."
Lynch's statements today—far more pointed than Graham's—seem to move that notion decisively away from the category of speculation.
Asked to provide his own explanation for the continued classification of the 28 pages, Kentucky Rep. Thomas Massie replied, "To answer your question in a word, the word is 'embarrassment.'" He elaborated that "releasing these pages is going to open a chapter back up that they tried to slam shut. It's going to bring more questions that have to be answered and have to be dealt with and I think people don't want to have to deal with those questions."
New Resolution Would Bypass President
Today's press conference was called to promote House Resolution 779, which urges the chair and ranking member of the House intelligence committee to publish the 28 pages into the Congressional Record, relying on the protection from prosecution afforded by the Speech or Debate Clause of the U.S. Constitution.
Introduced last month, H.Res.779 offers a new angle of attack for Capitol Hill's declassification advocates, who are led by Representatives Walter Jones, Lynch and Massie. A separate resolution—H.Res.14—urges the president to declassify the 28 pages and has attracted a bipartisan mix of 70 cosponsors.
Jones said that, next week, he, Lynch and Massie will send a letter to Devin Nunes and Adam Schiff, the chair and ranking member of the intel committee, urging them to schedule a hearing on H.Res.779 immediately upon the House's return from summer recess on September 6—just days before the 15th anniversary of the attacks. Both Nunes and Schiff have previously voiced their support for releasing the pages.
No Need for White House Approval
While voicing their hope that President Obama will make good on his reported assurances to 9/11 family members that he would release the pages—and promptly bring to a conclusion a review of the 28 pages that the White House claims has been in progress for two years—the representatives underscored their conviction that Congress has the power to release the pages on its own.
"There is another path here," said Lynch. "If the Obama administration does not go forward and declassify, then we need to pass House Resolution 779 to urge the House intelligence committee to publish the 28 pages."
Massie concurred. "Congress has possession and ownership of these documents…we have the power to release them right here in this building. We don't need to appeal to anybody else," he said. As part of a congressional report, the 28 pages are kept in a secure facility beneath the U.S. Capitol.
Referring to the precedent set by then-Senator Mike Gravel, who declassified the Pentagon Papers through the Speech or Debate Clause, Lynch said, "It may come to that…it may come to a point where myself and Walter (Jones) and Mr. Massie go to the well of the house and read the text of the 28 pages—if we can get it released to us, that's the key."
That scenario seems remote: If the intelligence committee were amenable enough to actually grant the trio unprecedented permission to remove the pages from behind locked doors, it seems likelier it would go ahead and formally publish the document without the drama of having them read on the floor.
If the president and the intelligence committees cannot be persuaded to release the pages, a more plausible Speech or Debate Clause scenario may entail the representatives revealing key information from the 28 pages by speaking about it from memory.
You can view the press conference here. A few more noteworthy statements:
Jones: "We have been beating a drum for five years. We have always said 'we are not going to let this go' and you the American people and the press have joined us in this and it's time now to put the press on those who can make the decision in the matter of a moment."
Lynch: "I'm on the financial services committee. There are records that we have not been able to access that track financial support for these hijackers while they were in the United States. I would like to see full disclosure of those. It creates a paper trail from the hijackers to individuals who supported them."
9/11 widow Terry Strada, referring to the long-running declassification review, and the Obama administration's failure to answer letters from 9/11 family members: "It appears once again the Saudis seem to hold more sway than we, the American people…This type of treatment keeps us, the victims, families and survivors, in a perpetual hell and it's something we want to end."
Kaitlyn Strada, daughter of Tom Strada, killed at the World Trade Center: "My father lived by the saying 'do the right thing' and today I'm urging Congress to do the right thing and sign on to House Resolution 779 and asking President Obama to keep his word and declassify the 28 pages without further delay."
Jones: "This is the right of the American people. Their fellow Americans were killed by enemies of America. If we're protecting them, then whoever's protecting them ought to be held responsible for protecting the enemy."
Massie: "We are less safe if (the 28 pages) are kept private…We are debating the causes and sources of terrorism and seeking to prevent it in the future, these 28 pages will inform the public and they will inform members of congress who haven't taken the time to go read it."
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AP report on intriguing declassified 9/11 Commission doc that @28Pages followers learned about in April https://t.co/285DM2xRkR
— 28Pages.org (@28Pages) July 2, 2016
Brennan: Release of 28 Pages Requires "Discussions" with Congress
June 29, 2016 July 23, 2016 editor28pages 28 pages, 9/11, CSPAN, JASTA, Rick Nolan, Saudi Arabia, Thomas Massie
Echoing private comments made by Director of National Intelligence James Clapper in May, CIA Director John Brennan today said the release of 28 classified pages that describe links between Saudi Arabia and 9/11 would necessitate coordination between the White House and Congress.
Brennan's remarks came in an appearance at the Council on Foreign Relations, and are the first public assertion by an administration official that an ongoing review of the 28 pages will not end at the White House.
The CIA director's statement was prompted by a question from the audience—posed by a registered foreign agent of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
A Review Two Years in the Making
In the summer of 2014, spurred by members of the House seeking the release of the 28 pages, President Obama tasked Clapper with coordinating an intelligence community review of the 28 pages.
Asked today about the status of the review, Brennan replied, "I am only the director of CIA, so I don't make decisions about the release of a congressional document."
"There's an executive branch responsibility, because that document cited executive branch information," said Brennan. However, he said, "there is going to be the appropriate discussions that need to take place between the executive and legislative branches to finalize (the declassification process.)"
Brennan did not elaborate on who would participate in those discussions or when they would take place. In May, White House press secretary Josh Earnest told reporters that "intelligence officials have indicated they expect to complete that process by the end of June."
The 28 Pages: Locked Behind These Doors
The 28 pages are found in the report of a 2002 congressional joint intelligence inquiry into 9/11, and are housed in a secure facility beneath the U.S. Capitol.
As he did earlier this month, Brennan simultaneously endorsed the release of the 28 pages while questioning their value in providing a better understanding of the attacks that killed nearly 3,000 people.
"I believe it's important that that document get out because there's so much speculation and conjecture about it," said Brennan. "I have said there are a lot of things in there that unfortunately I think will be used by some to maybe misrepresent the facts or history, but that's why the 9/11 Commission's thorough, thorough, researched investigation really should be seen by folks as the much more dispositive of it."
28 Pages vs 9/11 Commission Report
Brennan did not mention Saudi Arabia in his remarks, but has previously made clear his concern that readers of the 28 pages might conclude the Saudis were complicit in aiding the hijackers—a conclusion that they would share with former Sen. Bob Graham, who co-chaired the congressional inquiry. Graham has said that "the 28 pages point a very strong finger at Saudi Arabia as being the principal financier" of the 9/11 attacks.
On Meet the Press, Brennan said, "The 9/11 Commission took that joint inquiry, and those 28 pages or so, and followed through on the investigation. And they came out with a very clear judgment that there was no evidence that indicated that the Saudi government as an institution, or Saudi officials individually, had provided financial support to Al Qaeda."
Brennan's suggestion that the 9/11 Commission report effectively rendered the 28 pages obsolete is countered by members of the commission, including former senator Bob Kerrey. In a statement offered in support of a the 9/11 families and victims suit against Saudi Arabia, Kerrey said, "Evidence relating to the plausible involvement of possible Saudi government agents in the September 11th attacks has never been fully pursued."
In addition, there are many more counterpoints to Brennan's assertion that the 9/11 Commission conducted a "thorough, thorough" investigation of Saudi links to the attacks.
28 Pages May Be Accompanied by Other Documents
Brennan's remarks were elicited by a question from George Salem, a strategic advisor to DLA Piper, which is a registered foreign agent of Saudi Arabia. Salem asked Brennan to comment on the timing of the release, the expected extent of declassification and whether the release would be accompanied by additional investigation reports to provide fuller context.
"There are some other documents that may come out at the same time, as you point out, but again I defer to others who have that decision-making responsibility," said Brennan.
While @PressSec ridicules time spent on Benghazi, Obama has taken 2 years to review just 28 pages from 9/11 report https://t.co/WBIvSlCwSQ
— 28Pages.org (@28Pages) June 29, 2016
New House Resolution Directs Intel Committee to Release 28 Pages From 9/11 Report
June 15, 2016 July 23, 2016 editor28pages 28 pages, 9/11, House Resolution 779, Saudi Arabia, Speech or Debate Clause, Stephen Lynch, Thomas Massie, Walter Jones
Rep. Walter Jones
Encouraged by rising, bipartisan support for a resolution urging President Obama to declassify 28 pages said to link Saudi Arabia to the 9/11 hijackers, the leaders of Capitol Hill's declassification drive have now introduced a resolution directing the leaders of the House intelligence committee to take matters into their own hands.
Introduced Monday, House Resolution 779 directs the chair and ranking member of the House intelligence committee—Devin Nunes and Adam Schiff, respectively—to disclose the con the 28 pages by publishing them in the Congressional Record under the protection of the Constitution's Speech or Debate Clause.
Congressman Walter Jones introduced the resolution along with original cosponsors Stephen Lynch and Thomas Massie. The same trio is the driving force behind House Resolution 14, which urges the president to release the pages that comprise the final chapter in the report of a 2002 congressional intelligence inquiry. Introduced last year, HRes 14 has seen a surge in support following an April 60 Minutes report on the 28 pages, and now has 70 cosponsors.
"I have read these pages and can say that while their release will not harm national security, the contents are critical to our foreign policy moving forward…That is why I have introduced a resolution that would enable the House Committee on Intelligence to declassify the 28 pages," said Jones in a press release issued today.
Committee Leaders Support Declassification
In April, both Nunes and Schiff voiced their support for releasing the 28 pages. Nunes said "the benefits of publishing this information would outweigh any potential damage to America's national security," and Schiff told MSNBC's Andrea Mitchell, "They should be released and I think, as is often the case, the speculation about what they contain is more damaging in fact than the contents."
H.Res.779 has been referred to the House rules committee. The committee's ranking member, Louise Slaughter, is a cosponsor of the resolution urging the president to declassify the pages.
The resolution's preamble notes that the CIA has acknowledged that the 28 pages are the property of Congress and that the Supreme Court "upheld the constitutional prerogative of Members of Congress or committees of Congress to disclose classified information" by way of the Speech or Debate Clause.
This new legislative action comes as an intelligence community declassification review of the 28 pages is expected to wrap up in the next few weeks.
The White House said it ordered the review in the summer of 2014. Skeptical that a review of just 28 pages could truly take two years and counting, many observers—including 9/11 family members and victims—point to the delay as signaling the Obama administration's desire to put off a resolution of the issue as long as possible.
Former Sen. Bob Graham
The delay strategy grew untenable in April when the 60 Minutes report spawned fresh media attention, dozens of newspaper editorials, heightened citizen interest and an increase in legislator requests to read the secret pages. Soon after the 60 Minutes segment aired, former senator Bob Graham said that a Department of Homeland Security advisor told him to expect a decision in June.
However, confusion has mounted over what exactly will happen at the end of that review. In a May meeting with proponents of the pages' release, Director of National Intelligence James Clapper reportedly voiced an expectation that the president would turn the matter back over to the Congress. If that is indeed the White House's intention, it could represent a new means of stalling the release of a document that, according to Graham, "point(s) a very strong finger at Saudi Arabia as being the principal financier" of the 9/11 attacks. H.Res. 779 addresses that possibility head-on.
A New Angle on Speech or Debate Clause
The drive to declassify the 28 pages has spanned 13 years; throughout that time, many citizens have called for members of Congress to declassify the 28 pages by entering them into the congressional record under the protection from prosecution provided by the Constitution's Speech or Debate Clause.
@RandPaul Read the 28 pages on the Senate Floor and Dare Obama to arrest you. The Speech and Debate Clause of The Constitution protects you.
— Brian Crowell (@CrowellBrian) June 2, 2015
As we reported earlier this month, one of those advocating that avenue of declassification is former senator Mike Gravel, who used it to release the "Pentagon Papers," a secret government history of the Vietnam War.
In his own declassification feat, Gravel had something that individual members of Congress lack where the 28 pages are concerned: physical custody of the document. The 28 pages are kept in a secure facility in the basement of the Capitol, precluding Jones, Lynch, Massie or other members of Congress from entering them into the record themselves.
Recognizing that, House Resolution 779 challenges those with greater dominion over the 28 pages—the chair and ranking member of the House intelligence committee—to do for Congress what rank-and-file members cannot do on their own.
Apart from the Speech or Debate Clause, both the House and Senate have rules by which either body, acting alone, can declassify information, even over the objection of the president. In both houses, the initiation of that process begins in the intelligence committee, but also entails seeking the president's opinion and then a majority vote of the chamber to override it, if necessary.
In opting instead for a Speech or Debate Clause approach, Jones, Lynch and Massie are pursuing a route that bypasses the president and gives Congress an opportunity to assert its own authority by flexing a rarely-used muscle.
A Multi-Purpose Tactic
In the widening, multi-front battle to secure the release of the 28 pages, House Resolution 779 could serve two purposes.
First, the prospect of a congressional declassification of the 28 pages adds a new variable for Obama to weigh as he considers his own decision to declassify the 28 pages.
Embedded in his pending decision is yet another question: If the pages are released, what information, if any, should continue to remain secret? Knowing that the House intelligence committee could later release additional details he chose to conceal puts additional pressure on the president to be more liberal in his declassification. If he attempts to cater to Saudi Arabia or other interested parties by leaving damning details secret, he could face criticism and questioning of his motives if and when those details come out later.
Second, the new resolution also serves as a Plan B: Should the president decide not to release the 28 pages, to do so with heavy redactions, or turn the issue back to Capitol Hill, Congress would be poised to deliver transparency to the American people on its own.
"At a minimum, the draft resolution tends to maintain a drumbeat of pressure on the issue and makes it a tad more likely that the administration will act to release the material," said Steven Aftergood, who directs the Federation of American Scientists' Project on Government Secrecy, in an email to 28Pages.org." Whether the resolution does more than that depends on what kind of reception it receives in the House."
The development was applauded by Sharon Premoli, who endured a harrowing escape from the World Trade Center on 9/11: "I think it is unconscionable that it has taken this administration 8 years to read 28 pages and to make a decision. Anything that can move congress to declassify the 28 pages is a good thing and I support it 100 percent."
.@USRepRickNolan wants you to read what prompted him to say this. Contact Congress ASAP: https://t.co/wL9sB6Vfo4 pic.twitter.com/liHfYvC6q2
"Pentagon Papers" Senator Urges Use of Speech or Debate Clause to Disclose Secrets of 28 Pages
June 2, 2016 June 14, 2016 editor28pages 28 pages, 9/11, Alan Grayson, Kirsten Gillibrand, Mick Harrison, Mike Gravel, Pentagon Papers, Rand Paul, Ron Wyden, Saudi Arabia, September 11th Advocates, Speech or Debate Clause, Thomas Massie, Walter Jones
Former Sen. Mike Gravel
As an intelligence community declassification review of 28 pages on foreign government links to the 9/11 hijackers enters its third year, the former senator who put the Pentagon Papers into the public record under the protection of the Constitution's Speech or Debate Clause is urging members of Congress to use the same tactic to finally reveal what's in the 28 pages.
Mike Gravel, who represented Alaska in the Senate from 1969 to 1981, has shared the idea with Senator Ron Wyden and staffers for Senators Rand Paul and Kirsten Gillibrand. (Last year, Paul and Wyden introduced Senate Bill 1471, which would direct the president to release the pages; Gillibrand is the bill's only other cosponsor.)
A Powerful Option Seldom Used
Found in Article 1, Section 6 of the U.S. Constitution, the Speech or Debate Clause shields senators and representatives from criminal prosecution for their remarks during official congressional business:
"Senators and Representatives…shall in all cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their attendance at the Session of their Respective Houses, and in going to and from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place."
In 1971, Gravel used the clause to single-handedly declassify 4,100 pages from the Pentagon Papers, a classified history of the Vietnam War. After securing a leaked copy of the report, he convened a meeting of a Senate subcommittee he chaired, read from them for an hour and then entered all of them into the congressional record.
In Gravel v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that the Speech or Debate Clause protected both Gravel and his aide who assisted him from prosecution for the disclosure.
"What the Pentagon Papers proved in my case, which was the landmark of it, was that any member of Congress could release anything—secret, top secret, confidential—anything that they felt was in the best interest of the people to know. Period. That's a judgment they have the power to make under the constitution," said Gravel.
Though Gravel blazed a broad declassification trail 45 years ago, it hasn't been used since. Now, he'd like to see the path used to bypass the executive branch's classification of the 28 pages.
"We are three separate divisions. That's the strength of our country. You have the executive, the legislative and the judiciary. The legislative has no obligation to honor the classification of the executive. That's what the Speech or Debate Clause is all about," said Gravel.
Easier Said Than Done?
"I think it's a hypothetical scenario and not a very likely one," said Steven Aftergood, who directs the Federation of American Scientists' Project on Government Secrecy. "There's a reason we call it a Pentagon Papers scenario—because it really hasn't happened deliberately since then."
The first hurdle to a Gravel-style release of the pages is a physical one: The pages are kept in a secure facility beneath the U.S. Capitol. Members of Congress can only read them with the permission of their intelligence committee, and then do so under close observation, after first shedding their pens, papers and cell phones.
One of the 28 Pages
"The problem is that no one can take notes, so how are you going to get the 28 pages—are you going to put them in your pocket and walk out? I doubt it," said Rep. Walter Jones, who introduced House Resolution 14, which urges the president to release the pages.
As an alternative to a cloak-and-dagger acquisition of the pages, a legislator could summarize them in a speech.
The idea of recapping 28 pages of text that are filled with dates, dollar amounts, account numbers and a variety of Arabic names struck Jones as daunting. "It would take someone with a better memory than mine," he said with a soft chuckle.
Last month, the September 11th Advocates, a group of activist 9/11 widows, suggested an ambitious way of overcoming the limits of human memory: They challenged each member of Congress to read the 28 pages, memorize a few sentences each and then individually read them into the record in a mass act of rebellion against undue executive branch secrecy.
As much as we are determined to read every word of the 28 pages, however, it would seem that a single conscientious member of Congress could do a great deal for the cause of transparency without the need for heavy-duty memorization.
Judging from the remarks of those who've read them, the 28 pages contain specific "headline" revelations that could be summarized without quoting minute details like account numbers or dollar amounts—all that's needed is an elaboration on these comments already made in public:
9/11 Commission member John Lehman, when asked if the 28 pages name names: "Yes. The average intelligent watcher of 60 Minutes would recognize them instantly."
Former Sen. Bob Graham: "The 28 pages point a very strong finger at Saudi Arabia as being the principal financier" of 9/11.
Rep. Rick Nolan: "The information presents a clear and startling picture of who financed the attacks."
Congressional Consequences
While the Speech or Debate Clause shields members from prosecution, they may face other consequences.
"It would protect them from legal liability. It would not protect them from internal sanctions by their own colleagues. They wouldn't be arrested, but they might be censured," said Aftergood.
Senator Mike Gravel
Gravel thinks otherwise: He has been circulating a detailed analysis written by attorney Mick Harrison that concludes— given the specific facts surrounding the 28 pages—that censure wouldn't be a possibility.
A different consequence does seem likely: "They would lose access to classified information in the future," predicted Aftergood.
Though Gravel said he was able to view classified information after he exposed the Pentagon Papers, the more recent experience of Florida Congressman Alan Grayson lends credibility to Aftergood's prediction.
Grayson made a speech from the House floor in which he cited Edward Snowden's revelations about NSA mass surveillance. Despite the fact that these revelations had been already published in a newspaper, Grayson says the intelligence committee chair at the time, Mike Rogers, characterized his action as a disclosure of classified information, and the House intelligence committee then denied Grayson's request to read the 28 pages.
For Gravel, however, there's too much at stake for the pages not to be released: "Members of Congress, under the Constitution, have a right and—believe me—an obligation, because if you don't inform the people, they have no role in influencing government policy because they're left in ignorance."
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.@rjcalis Saudi Arabia funds @CSIS, the think tank that produced this report; the effect is all too clearhttps://t.co/6qmHFdCNnD
— 28Pages.org (@28Pages) May 29, 2016


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Why are the fabrics with different density and thickness?
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What you are losing…it was gone in some way already. It was already not fitting you and your glorious rebirth into the new.
What you are grieving….it can not ever really be lost or gone. It is energy that is just shifting and changing vibrations into something different from you.
What you are finding….it was within your possession all along. It can arise ANEW the more you let go of the old.
What you are BEcoming…it is in your Divine blueprint. It is the seed of your sacred humanity blooming in response to the waters of love.
This entry was posted in Metaphysics on September 11, 2017 by Grandtrines.


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UofL bestows equine entrepreneurship award to horsewoman, educator, coach
Doctoral student contributes to book about the economics of COVID-19
UofL student teams innovate new healthcare tech in whirlwind weekend
Former Card Donovan Mitchell gives back to alma mater with exclusive…
UofL scores well in Post-Landfill Action Network assessment
December grad took 21 years to earn degree. She's not stopping…
Trager Institute and Logistics and Distribution Institute collaborate to establish safe…
AllPresidentStrategic Plan
UofL's medical students expand smart glasses virtual shadowing program
UofL innovator known for drug discovery inducted into National Academy of…
COVID-19 rates continue to increase, with highest rates among 18-34-year-olds
UofL Health's frontline workers the first in Kentucky to receive Pfizer's…
UofL-researched reusable, more effective N95-style face masks begin production
UofL gets discount to unique Impressionists exhibit at Speed Museum
and UofL Today
The exhibit has as its core 38 works from the Brooklyn Museum in New York, one of the first museums to collect Impressionist work. That group of paintings has been exhibited as a whole in a few locations outside of Brooklyn, said associate curator Kim Spence, but the Speed has expanded the exhibit with 35 works from its own and other collections in Kentucky.
The result, said curator Ruth Cloudman, is "a very beautiful and very unique exhibition."
"Since these works will never again be shown together, this is literally a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to see an extraordinary range of Impressionist paintings," she said.
"Impressionist Landscapes" primarily includes works by French Impressionists and those from the United States, including the Kentuckian Paul Sawyier.
The earliest work in the exhibit pre-dates the Impressionist period by more than a decade. The latest work, dated in the 1920s, the decade of Monet's death, post-dates the period.
By including artists who influenced the Impressionists and those who followed and were inspired by the Impressionists, the exhibit, Spence said, gives the full picture of the significance of Impressionism.
"Impressionist Landscapes" includes works from the Barbizon School of French painting of the 1850s and 1860s, when such artists as Charles François Daubigny first took their canvases out of their studios to capture nature; American Impressionists, the most unified offshoot of the French school, who often studied and painted in France before returning to paint U.S. landscape; and post-Impressionists who took the use of color to a new level.
Impressionist painters, themselves, broke with tradition by painting landscapes not as part of a story or mythological tale, but for their own intrinsic beauty. They left their studios and took their canvasses outside, thereby capturing light and color in a new, more realistic way. Their works appealed especially to people who lived in the bustling Industrial Age cities.
Monet and others often painted the middle class at leisure — on the beach, in the countryside, playing games, Cloudman told a group previewing the exhibit on Feb. 2. One of John Singer Sargent's titles, she continued, sums it up nicely. Translated, it means, "The Sweetness of Doing Nothing."
"Impressionism is thought of as gorgeous, high-class, eye candy," but in last 25 years, scholars have found that some Impressionist paintings also speak about change in the modern world, Cloudman said. Charles-Francois Daubigny's "The River Seine at Montes" shows smokestacks beside church spires. Alfred Sisley captured trains and telegraph poles in "Hilly Path."
Besides Impressionist paintings, the exhibit area includes "The Gardens of Giverny: A View of Monet's World; photographs by Stephen Shore," taken in 1974. "Light into Line," an complementary exhibit of Impressionist prints, will open Feb. 9. It will run through June 5. "Impressionist Landscapes" will run through May 22.
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text:
Papers of Sir Patrick Manson
Bookmark:https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/data/gb809-manson
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Archives
GB 809 Manson
Manson | Sir | Patrick | 1844-1922 | Knight | physician, parasitologist, tropical medicine specialist
10 boxes and oversize items
Research papers, notes and drawings including Manson's diaries (1865-1879), containing notes on the discovery of mosquitoes as carriers of malaria and patient case notes, bound manuscript notes of his discovery of filaria (1877), original drawings of eggs of bilharzias and embryos of guinea worms (1893); publications by Manson; scientific artefacts including slides and glass vials containing mosquitoes; 30 volumes of medical examinations of candidates applying to work in the colonies and protectorates (1898-1919); photographs of Manson, his family, his birthplace and early photographs of the London School of Tropical Medicine; medals, awards and certificates given to Manson including the Fothergill, Bisset Hawkins, Mary Kingsley and Jenner medals; material on the Manson lectures (1950-1957); correspondence on tropical medicine matters (1900-1910) and relating to his will (1963-1964).
Patrick Manson was born in 1844 and studied medicine at Aberdeen University, passing M.B. and C.M. in 1865. In 1866 he became medical officer of Formosa (Taiwan) for the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, moving to Amoy in 1871. His light duties allowed him to work in local missionary hospitals, in contact with Chinese patients and their diseases and he became aware of the shortcomings of British medical training when faced with tropical diseases. While working on elephantoid diseases in Amoy, he discovered in the tissues of blood-sucking mosquitoes the developmental phase of filaria worms. Seminal papers were published in 1878 and 1878.
In 1883 he left Amoy to set up in private practice in Hong Kong, where he was joined in 1887 by James Cantlie. Together they established a medical college to train young Chinese men in western medicine. This school, which opened in 1887, developed into the university and medical school of Hong Kong.
In 1889 Manson returned to London due to deteriorating health, however he had to go back to work when his comfortable retirement fortune was decimated by a sharp fall in the value of the Chinese dollar. Manson went back into practice in London, became physician to the Seaman's Hospital Society in 1892, and medical advisor to Chamberlain's Colonial Office in 1897. He played a central role in the development of tropical medicine as a distinct discipline, publishing on tropical diseases and was instrumental in the setting up of the London School of Tropical Medicine in 1899. He worked in the School until 1912 when he retired due to poor health.
He propounded the theory that malaria was propagated by mosquitoes, a theory to be proved by Sir Ronald Ross in 1897. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1900 and awarded CMG, 1900, KCMG in 1903, and GCMG, 1912; he died in 1922.
This collection is open for consultation. Please contact the Archivist to arrange an appointment. All researchers must complete and sign a user registration form which signifies their agreement to abide by the archive rules. All researchers are required to provide proof of identity bearing your signature (for example, a passport or debit card) when registering. Please see website for further information at www.lshtm.ac.uk/library/archives
Donated by the family, c1963.
Compiled by Erika Gwynett and Robert Baxter as part of the RSLP AIM25 Project. Sources: Who's Who, Dictionary of National Biography, National Register of Archives and Prevention and Cure. The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, A 20th Century Quest for Global Public Health. Lise Wilkinson and Anne Hardy. (2001). Kegan Paul Limited. Revised by Victoria Killick, LSHTM Archivist, August 2004.
A detailed computer catalogue is available for use in the Archives and the on-line archive catalogue will be available at www.lshtm.ac.uk/library/archives from 2005
Photocopies, subject to the condition of the original, may be supplied for research use only. Requests to publish original material should be submitted to the Archivist
LSHTM: correspondence with Sir Ronald Ross on the mosquito-malaria theory (Ross/12-13; Ross/20).Wellcome Library holds papers, 1854-1922, including case notes of Manson at Amoy and Hong Kong, and correspondence including correspondence with Sir Ronald Ross, (Ref: MSS.3417, 6129-6132 and 7245); papers relating to the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (Ref: WTI/RST/F).
Colonial countries
Manson Patrick 1844-1922 Sir Knight Physician and Parasitologist
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine


Peer groups are powerful influences on the attitudes and behaviors of their members.
When young people come face to face with the realities of intolerance, they are often highly motivated to take action.
Peer leaders need to learn and practice basic skills and competencies to be effective.
Anti-Defamation League 2010: A World of Difference, Peer Leadership Program, Albany NY. http://www.adl.org/awod_new/awod_peer_lead.asp.


In most industries, the BEE or Transformation Team has been hard at work this year formulating strategies, implementing initiatives, aligning multiple legislative requirements, gathering documentation, and doing their best to get your organisation as compliant as possible.
To strengthen their dynamics as a team, and build a formidable force for 2011, why not reward your BEE or Transformation Team with a unique experience to Constitutional Hill or Alexandra Township.
Constitutional Hill is the site of our Constitutional Court, the cornerstone of our new democracy, as well as the old prison that held both Madiba and Gandhi.
This environment acts as a palimpsest (a surface on which the original writing has been erased to make way for new writing, but upon which traces of the old writing remain visible). This juxtaposition of the past and the present can help us understand the possibilities of the future.
At Constitutional hill, walk through the old prison, go into the isolation cells in the women's prison, spend time in Madiba's cell, and go into the actual main court room, where our Constitutional court hearings are held.
Explore what race means in a society that strives to be non-racist, and place our history into context.
Experience first-hand one of the most vibrant, densely-populated places in South Africa!
Why did Alexandra Township survive during the forced removal policies of the National Party government, when District Six, Dukathole and Sophiatown did not? Alexandra's journey from farmland to receiving a Scroll of Honour from the United Nations is a fascinating story of an unusual friendship, and the enduring spirit of a community to survive, against all odds.
Encounter the potential in people, by hearing the stories of small business owners who are making a tangible difference. These include small entrepreneurs who won the Standard Bank's Entrepreneur awards for 2009, as well as an orphanage that does what it can to help those who are too small to help themselves.
Discover a part of Johannesburg you never knew existed, and which few people will experience!


text:
Plans hint at expansion for one of Cheltenham's largest employers
By James Young | 3rd December 2019
One of Cheltenham's biggest employers is thinking about expanding its huge factory site, according to plans lodged with the borough council.
On the face of it, an application by Kohler Mira to create a new vehicle entrance and bike shed for its huge factory site on Cromwell Road is far from exciting.
But delve deeper into the application made by the Cheltenham-based firm and there are hints of major developments at the firm who have called the town home since 1937.
There are currently 700 staff working on site at the 28,000 square metre Cromwell Road site, with provision to park 249 cars and 131 bicycles.
The current plans are for new access to the site from Cromwell Road, to the east of the existing single entrance and come after a previous planning permission for a similar scheme was granted in 2016.
The allowed period for those plans to implemented has expired, so the new application seeks to create new permission for the scheme.
Documents filed by Kohler Mira show designs by Roberts Limbrick Architects to "optimise potential for the site which is completely enclosed by roads and houses.
The plan seeks to "allow for a more generous car parking area, increase in cycle parking and improvements to pedestrian access.
"A revised circulation system for the site is required by adding a new vehicular access from Cromwell Road."
The application adds: "The intention is to enhance the site by making it more user friendly with a view to making further improvements to the buildings and facilities in the future."
The first factory site in Whaddon opened in 1937 when Walker Crosweller and Co moved to Cheltenham.
They later became Mira and that company was taken over by US giant Kohler in 2001.


This article was published 1/5/2011 (2912 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
Canada has a glorious future ahead in research and development -- even if understanding the top entries at the Manitoba Schools' Science Symposium this weekend may be beyond most of us.
There were 334 entries from 460 students at the province's largest science fair.
The winning topics were diverse and mystifying to the uninitiated: Effects of Folic Acids on Blood Cells; Evaluation of Snow Fungus Polysaccharides on Benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA Damage; Genetic Modification of Clostirdium thermocellum for Improved Biofuels Production.
Six students who conducted elaborate and complex experiments were recognized Sunday as the best of the best, and they head to Toronto in a couple of weeks to compete in the Canada-Wide Science Fair.
Canada has a glorious future ahead in research and development — even if understanding the top entries at the Manitoba Schools' Science Symposium this weekend may be beyond most of us.
Science fair winners: (back row, from left) Siyuan (Sam) Cheng, Cody Shaw and Abhishek Chakraborty and (front row, from left) Daisy Liu, Ella Thomson and Amanda Wong.
"Polysaccharides are sugars," Daisy Liu explained, and her entry studied the possibility of how the snow fungus, a Chinese delicacy akin to a mushroom, might help in fighting off cancers caused by tobacco and car exhaust.
Liu said her findings "are promising, but they need to be verified."
She is a 15-year-old Grade 10 student at Fort Richmond Collegiate whose work was recognized as the best overall in the intermediate category.
"This is the largest number of participants we've had at the science symposium in five years," said Jack Johnson, the symposium president. "The quality and calibre of the work done by the students is of the highest level."
Johnson said many of the winning students, like Liu, conduct their research at lab facilities at the University of Manitoba.
"Most of these students are driven," said Johnson, a retired Winnipeg high school principal and former math and science teacher. "They do this research on their own time and they seek out a mentor at the university on their own. For many of them this year, they started on their projects the day after last year's symposium ended."
It's not just the awards and recognition that draw the large number of students to the science symposium. There's a bundle of cash up for grabs.
Johnson said the six winners going to the Canada-Wide Science Fair will share about $3,000 in cash prizes in addition to their plaques and expenses for their trip to Toronto.
In all, the science symposium doled out $25,000 to winning students.
Winning appears to be coming naturally for Cody Shaw, a 17-year-old Grade 12 student at Fort Richmond Collegiate. Shaw's project, Mechanical Testing of Polyethylene, was recognized as the best overall in the Senior category, the second year in a row he took the top prize.
Polyethylene is a plastic mostly used in packaging.
"It's a relatively new material and engineers don't have a great deal of experience working with it and testing it," said Shaw, who expects to get a PhD in theoretical physics.
Shaw admitted he has no interest in sports but is involved in several charities and is a high-ranking Canadian official with The Speed Gamers, an international group of video gamers who stage gaming marathons to raise funds for charity.
"We've raised more than $300,000 for a variety of charities since 2007," Shaw said.
Lisa Huang, Sisler High School, Megan Esguerra, Sisler High School, I bet you I can eat Iron!
Grace Slivinski, Holy Ghost School, Tectonic Plate Boundaries Rock!""
Rithikha Rajamohan, Balmoral Hall School, Light or Blight ?
Signe Roehr, Donwood Elementary, Mariel Roehr, Menonite Brethern Collegiate Insitute, What's the best way to grow canola plants?
Christian Choy, Acadia Junior High, Ryan Murray, Acadia Junior High, Does Font Type Affect Reading Comprehension?
Christina Gray, Grant Park High School, Determing fat metabolism in H4IIE cells.
Yue Liu, Fort Richmond Collegiate, Are molecular cavities present in the Enamelin gene of the toothless Steller's sea cow?
Dareen El-Sayed, Acadia Junior High, Antibiotic Activity in Rosemary against E.faecalis, S.typhimurium and S.aureus.
Hannah Lyttle, Kidnetics Energy Girls, Can helmets prevent concussions?
Iqra Sahar Tariq, Balmoral Hall School, Who did the best job?
Updated on Monday, May 2, 2011 at 10:02 AM CDT: Adds complete list.


Ipswich Town are understood to be eyeing up two loan additions – a forward player and centre-back – following today's deadline day drama.
Speedy striker Kayden Jackson became the ninth signing of the summer when completing a £1.6m switch from Accrington Stanley this morning, continuing the trend of recruiting the cream of the lower leagues.
The 24-year-old – who scored 16 goals for the League Two champions last season – has been handed the No.9 shirt and becomes the club's most expensive acquisition in almost a decade.
Town striker Joe Garner then joined Championship rivals Wigan Athletic following a last-gasp bid, which we understand to be £1.25m, with that move not being confirmed until four hours after the window shut.
Making £500k profit on a 30-year-old who has had his fair share of injuries proved to be too good an offer for the Blues to turn down – especially as the front man had signalled his desire to move back nearer his native north west.
Hurst has admitted that there were 'a couple of deals that we missed out on'.
After all but agreeing a deal for Rangers forward Josh Windass, the Blues delayed as they waited for the Garner saga to be resolved – Bolton the front-runners for his signature at that stage.
That left the door open for Wigan to sign the 24-year-old in a deal worth a reported £2m before then launching a Garner bid of their own.
And the Blues could not reach an agreement with Blackpool for defender Curtis Tilt following lengthy negotiations.
Town did make a late bid for AFC Wimbledon defender Deji Oshilaja that was rebuffed. It's a move that could still be revisited in the coming days.
"I still think we will probably have to look at the loan market for one or two more between now and September," said Hurst, speaking at today's lunchtime press conference ahead of tomorrow's game at Rotherham.
"I'm not going to get too hung up on whether I feel they can be turned into permanents.
"Centre-back is an obvious position (to strengthen further). Luke Woolfenden has gone for a (knee) scan and could be out for six weeks.


An unidentified young man wearing Arsenal F.C branded Jersey, believed to be in his 20s slumped and died while jogging around Ilupeju area of Lagos on Thursday, February 2.
If you know anyone who jogs around Mushin/ Ilupeju/Fatai Atere/Coker road/Palm avenue junction and is yet to return, contact the Police Public Relations Officer or Olosan Police Station.
A statement issued by the Lagos State Emergency Management Agency (LASEMA) said a police Patrol vehicle was reported to have brought the young man said to be in his late 20s who slumped to the frontage of LASEMA Response Unit at Cappa, Oshodi at about 7.30 am yesterday, 2/2/2017.
It was gathered from an eyes witness account and the Police officers at the incident scene that the young slumped while on early morning jogging exercise around Ilupeju area of Lagos State.
The Agency Emergency Response Team, along with the Paramedics immediately attended to the victim and was moved with aid of the Agency's Ambulance to the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, where he was confirmed dead. His body has since been moved by the State Environmental Health Monitoring Unit, SEHMU to the Mainland Hospital Mortuary.
The victim was said to be wearing Arsenal F.C branded Jersey and could not be identified as there was no clue to his identity. The General Manager LASEMA Mr. Adesina Tiamiyu advised that any person with relevant information on a missing person said to be on early morning jogging exercise around the following axis : Mushin/ Ilupeju/Fatai Atere/Coker road/Palm avenue junction should contact the Police Public Relations Officer or Olosan Police Station.
He however advised that individuals should carry out routine medical check up to ascertain their fitness before embarking on early morning jogging or any other exercise to avoid such unfortunate incident.


The stylistic bandwith couldn't be wider than today. But the billing couldn't be greater: also the support bands Arch Enemy and Amorphis play headliner tours normally. So it is no wonder that the venue is absolutely filled up. In addition, the sound is fantastic today, so a great evening can beginn.


Great fun! That's what we had on our recent airpark field trip on February 24th adventure to Palmdale. According to Christine Wilkins, the event planner and leader, about 30 club members showed up dressed for the brisk weather. The temperature was quite pleasant when I arrived. However, when the sun started going down, it got b-r-r-r, bone-chilling cold. By 6P.M., my hands felt like two blocks of ice. I took gloves, but I worked with my camera more easily without them.
The airpark is located at Plant 42, just off Ave. P in Palmdale. It was named after Joe Davies, a well-loved community-spirited man who was a former Plant 42 commander. He was a great friend who used to greet Pat, my wife, and me with a hearty handshake and hugs. We worked together on several Palmdale community projects, including a fundraiser for the Palmdale Playhouse.
There are 21 retired military aircraft on display at the park, including a 1/8 scale model of the B-2 Spirit, an AGM-28 Hound Dog missile, a B-52, a C-46 and other fighter, bomber and transport type planes. I looked for the famous SR-71 spy plane I had photographed years ago, but it had been moved to the Blackbird Airpark next door.
It was a hoot working with my new Rokinon fisheye lens! I managed to get pretty close to the variety of vintage aircraft on display to try out a few distortion shots. I got one or two images I liked, but I really had to move around for better angles. Because the airplanes are positioned so close together, you have to be really alert for parts of wings, rudders and fuselages and power lines in the background. I found that working very low gave me the most acceptable results. If you visit the airpark in the future, it would be a good idea to take along knee pads or garden kneeling pads so you don't get sore knees.
I took wide angle lenses mostly, since it's pretty difficult to include much of the sky for sunset shots. When I left, I noticed several brave souls waiting around for the sun to go completely down. They might have been able to get some good color, but I was too cold to join them. I had to run to the bathroom on my way out. When you're my age, and your body tells you gotta go, you better do it. Or else.


Crane, Stephen, -- 1871-1900. -- Blue hotel.
Crane, Stephen, -- 1871-1900 -- Criticism and interpretation.
xiv, 140 pages ; 23 cm.
Stephen Crane won international acclaim after the publication of "The Red Badge of Courage" in 1895, and was considered an important figure in American literature. After his death in 1900, his reputation went into decline, and his many other works were largely forgotten. In the middle of the twentieth century, however, literary scholars began re-examining his body of work. This critical edition by the Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company collects an array of reappraisals of one of his masterful short stories, "The Blue Hotel."
Add tags for "The blue hotel". Be the first.
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<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/9369#Agent/c_e_merrill_pub_co> # C.E. Merrill Pub. Co.
<http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/9369#Series/merrill_literary_casebook_series> # Merrill literary casebook series.
schema:organizer <http://experiment.worldcat.org/entity/work/data/9369#Agent/c_e_merrill_pub_co> ; # C.E. Merrill Pub. Co.


text:
African-American Film Critics Association: Best Screenplay Ava DuVernay 'Middle of Nowhere'
Script Magazine
Ava DuVernay's "Middle of Nowhere" Leads Honorees with Four Awards
Los Angeles, CA (December 16, 2012) – The African-American Film Critics Association (AAFCA) has named Kathryn Bigelow's Zero Dark Thirty as the Best Picture of 2012. The AAFCA consists of leading African-American media professionals from across the nation.
"The selections made this year reflect the refreshing abundance of both studio and independent work that provided a stellar array of roles for both veteran actors and new faces in front of and behind the camera," says Gil Robertson IV, AAFCA, President and Founder.
Ben Affleck won Best Director 2012 Award for his film Argo. Best Actor 2012 winner is Denzel Washington for Flight, alongside Emayatzy Corinealdi who earned Best Actress 2012 for Middle of Nowhere. Best Supporting Actress and Actor 2012, respectfully, are Sally Field for her role inLincoln and Nate Parker for his performance in Arbitrage. Ava DuVernay's Middle of Nowhere was voted Best Screenplay, with the film also honored as Best Independent Film. France's entry The Intouchables was named Best Foreign Film with newcomer Quvenzhané Wallis awarded Best Breakout Performance for Beasts of the Southern Wild.
Ava DuVernay's Middle of Nowhere script can be downloaded on Script Mag.
"The film industry has done a great job of investing in real stories that reflect the resiliency of the human spirit and we are thrilled to commend our favorites this year," says AAFCA's East Coast V.P. Daryle Lockhart, owner of Black Box Office.com.
The African-American Film Critics Association's Top Ten Films of 2012 are as follows in order of distinction:
Beast of the Southern Wild
Think Like a Man
Best Actor: Denzel Washington, "Flight" (Paramount)
Best Actress: Emayatzy Corinealdi, "Middle of Nowhere" (AFFRM)
Best Supporting Actress: Sally Field, "Lincoln" (Touchstone)
Best Supporting Actor: Nate Parker, "Arbitrage" (Roadside Attractions)
Best Foreign Film: Olivier Nakache and Eric Toledano, "The Intouchables" (Weinstein Company)
Breakout Performance: Quvenzhané Wallis for "Beast of the Southern Wild" (Fox Searchlight)
Best Director: Ben Affleck, "Argo" (Warner)
Best Screenplay: Ava DuVernay, "Middle of Nowhere"(AFFRM)
Best Music: Kathryn Bostic & Morgan Rhodes, "Middle of Nowhere" (AFFRM)
Best Independent Film: "Middle of Nowhere" (AFFRM)
Best Animation: "Rise of the Guardians," (Paramount)
Best Documentary (tie): "The House I Live In" (Charlotte Street Films) & "Versailles '73" (Coffee Bluff Pictures)
The AAFC will formally present this year's awards during a private ceremony on Friday, February 8, 2012 at the Taglyan Complex in Hollywood, CA.
About AAFCA
The African American Film Critics Association (AAFCA) is the premiere organization of African American film media professionals. Founded in 2003, AAFCA's members represent a geographically diverse cross-section of media covering the cinematic arts. The organization honors excellence in cinema by creating awareness for films with universal appeal to black communities, while emphasizing film about the black experience and those produced written, directed and starring performers of African descent. The association actively reviews the quality and standard of black talent, content and media coverage. AAFCA also supports the development of future black film critics and filmmakers. AAFCA is based in Los Angeles.
Top screenwriting and film publication, founded in 1989, published by Active Interest Media. Twitter: @scriptmag
LOOK BOOKS: Using Visual Shorthand to Sell Your Script
By Jon James Miller
UNDERSTANDING SCREENWRITING: Tom is Writing About…Directors?
By Tom Stempel
Selling Your Screenplay Podcast by Ashley Scott Meyers
SELLING YOUR SCREENPLAY: Ep 363 With Writer/Director Liam O'Donnell
By Ashley Scott Meyers
Screenplay Structure and Outlining
The Cultural Foundations of Screenwriting: Abrahamism, Part 1
By Dimitri Vorontzov
Screenplay Genre
Diversity, Community, and the Search for Joy: Why Holiday Films are on the Rise
By Michael Lee Simpson
SELLING YOUR SCREENPLAY: Ep 362 With Thomas Dever From Coverfly
The Cultural Foundations of Screenwriting: Scientific Romanticism
SELLING YOUR SCREENPLAY: Ep 361 With Filmmaker Shawn Linden


text:
The Best City for Independence Day 2017 Is Not What You Think
Staff Writer Published: July 2, 2017
You may think Philadelphia is the ideal place to be on the Fourth of July, but you'd be way off.
WalletHub has come out with its list of the best cities to celebrate the Fourth of July and the City of Brotherly Love is nowhere to be found among the top choices.
The site created its rankings by looking 18 metrics across five categories in the 100 most populated cities in the U.S. of A, including Fourth of July celebrations, affordability, attractions and activities, safety and accessibility and Independence Day weather forecast. Fourth of July Weather Forecast.
And which city came in first? Atlanta. The Southern metropolis topped San Francisco and Buffalo as the cities where patriotism will be overflowing this year. Philadelphia pulled up in 20th place.
Sadly, civic pride will not be on display in Newark, N.J. and Jersey City. Those two finished at the bottom, proving the Garden State has a thing or two to learn about patriotism.
Best Cities to Celebrate Independence Day
Madison, Wisc.
Source: The Best City for Independence Day 2017 Is Not What You Think
Categories: Lists
Fan Favorites: 16 Flint Area Spots With The Best Ranch Dressing
Michigan Summer 'Haven' Voted One of America's Most Beautiful Towns
5 Flavorful, Road Trip Worthy Pickle Pizzas For You In Michigan
12 Actors Who Accidentally Spoiled Their Own Movies
Is This Detroit Hot Spot Really The Ugliest Building in Michigan?
This Michigan Town Ranks in Top 10 Hallmark Movie Vibe Small Towns


text:
Biskopsgrunden, Bisschops ondiepte, is een eiland van de Lule-archipel. Het eiland ligt ten zuidwesten van Biskopsholmen. Het heeft geen vaste oeververbinding. Er staan een paar kleine huizen op het eiland. Het steekt nog geen 10 meter boven de zeespiegel uit. De bisschop naar wie Biskopsgrunden en Biskopsholmen zijn genoemd is Benzelius, een prediker die de eilanden bezocht.

Lule-archipel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Red Wasp Design Launches! Call of Cthulhu Spawns on Mobile!
tags: android, call of cthulhu, Cthulhu, game, handheld games, iphone, Red Wasp Design
I'm really excited to say that our new game studio – Red Wasp Design – has officially launched today and we've announced our first project, which is in development as I write this. Red Wasp Design is a new Bristol-based micro studio and our first title is a game based on the cult Call of Cthulhu RPG (role-playing game). Why not follow us on Twitter or Facebook? This is from the initial press release.
An agreement between Call of Cthulhu impresarios, Chaosium and new development studio Red Wasp Design will see the award winning role-playing game (RPG), Call of Cthulhu, coming to a mobile platform near you. The first title, 'Call of Cthulhu: The Wasted Land' is set in the midst of World War One and pits a team of investigators and soldiers against an ancient enemy, older than humanity itself. This eldritch enemy is using the carnage of the great war to build an undead army amidst the battlefields of Europe. The game will be a 3D turn-based strategy/role playing game and will initially launch on iPhone and Android with more platforms to follow. As the game is still in development, release dates and price points are to be announced after the summer.
Call of Cthulhu was originally the title of a novella by cult horror writer H.P. Lovecraft which has, since it was published in 1928, captured the imagination of generation after generation of fans.
from → All Hail Cthulhu, the software development process, thinking about games
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Image credit: Jaguar
Jaguar's 'sensory steering wheel' heats up to deliver notifications
Areas of the wheel will change temperature to indicate turns and alerts.
Christine Fisher, @cfisherwrites
Much of the technology developed for new cars has to do with safety, and that's for good reason -- in 2017, distracted driving killed 3,166 people in the US. Like other manufacturers, Jaguar Land Rover hopes it can prevent fatalities, but the way it wants to get there is unique. The company has developed a steering wheel that heats up to give drivers signals, like when to turn or that they're approaching an intersection. According to Jaguar, the "sensory steering wheel" will help drivers keep their eyes on the road.
Developed in partnership with Glasgow University, the technology rapidly heats or cools different areas of the wheel. When you need to change lanes, for example, the left side of the wheel might become hot. Jaguar says that could be especially helpful in low-visibility driving conditions. It might also be useful when other alerts, like vibrations or audio feedback, are "unnecessarily attention grabbing," the company says. For instance, the wheel might heat up to let you know you're running low on fuel.
It's certainly a novel approach to delivering in-car notifications, but it's hard to say if it will be successful. After all, if a distracted driver has one hand on their cell phone, they might not notice the change in temperature. And while it could wake drivers who are about to doze off, it also seems like a way to lull them to sleep. If this doesn't work out in the steering wheel, Jaguar has also applied the technology to the gear-shift paddles. In future self-driving cars, it could be used to indicate when the transition from driver to autonomous control is complete. It'd be pretty clear that the car is in charge when it heats up to the point that you reflexively pull your hand away.
Source: Jaguar
In this article: alerts, distracted driving, driver safety, Glasgow University, heat, in-car, jaguar, notifications, self-driving, sensory steering wheel, steering wheel, tomorrow, transportation
By K. Holt, 1h ago


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Why does water appear just below my basement slab in one location and not another?
We recently purchased a house and inherited a "5 gallon lowes bucket shoved into a hole with gravel" sump pit. It sits approximately halfway across the width of our basement. There is consistently water in it 12 inches down from the slab. The water level rises and falls with rainfall/seasons, doesn't appear to be any sort of water leak. If I pump it to empty, it immediately returns to where it was before. Okay, cool, water table is 12 inches down, got it.
I finally got the motivation to dig a larger sump pit in the corner under the front side of our basement, in one of the lowest points I measured in basement. It's around 20 feet away from the current bucket-pump. I dug 35 inches down. No water. As I write this there's still water 12 inches from slab in old spot, no water 35 inches down from slab in new spot. There's no drain tiles or anything leading to the old spot, and the ground is like dirt, not particularly clay-like. Does gravity not exist under my house? Is the first pit like, supersaturated or something and acting as a mini-pond that's collected during rainy season?
I hope someone has the answer, it's driving me crazy!
plumbing water basement sump
isherwood
Subsurface condition can vary drastically in some parts of the world. the original bucket could be firmly in an aquifer while then new one is in or separated by a more impermeable layer. – John Feb 24 '19 at 16:56
Yes, gravity exists under your house and I'm pretty sure Sir Isaac Newton would agree, but I don't think he could explain this...
But here are some ideas: 1) a small underground spring, 2) a bearing wall between the two locations, 3) Major addition separates areas
1) Because there's different soil conditions at the two locations, it makes me think the original builder knew of a small spring and installed some gravel and a discharge pipe. The pipe is located about 12" down so the water never gets too high.
I'd check around your house and see if a pipe extends to a ditch, street gutter, etc. (Follow the roof drains too.)
2) If your house has a major wall separating the two areas, it could be keeping moisture from infiltrating your new hole.
3) Likewise, a major addition could have added a new foundation area, which is separate from the wet area.
I'll check with Newton and see if he has revised any of his theories regarding basements...and then get back to you.
Lee SamLee Sam
Thanks for your insight! The house was built in 1890, and I'm thinking the bucket-hole was created with the last 10 years. I've dug up all the gravel in the bucket-pit down to earth, about 15 inches down, and there's nothing there besides dirt. There's no wall, just a straight shot between the two holes, and judging by the pitting and cracking, the concrete floor is damn near original. The plan was to stick the pit in the corner and then do drain tiles all around the perimeter, but is this the house's way of telling me to just enlarge the current creepy bucket hole and put the pit there? – David Jan 23 '19 at 22:54
Sounds like the original bucket hole will ALWAYS remain wet. Trying to move it would be difficult, but you could add trench and add drainrock and perf pipe to try and "relocate" it to the new corner location. That's a lot of work...tearing out existing concrete slab, digging trench, reporting slab, etc. Yuck... can you create a sump pump where the bucket is located. I'd install a nice coffee table over it. (You can run the electrical under the carpet...they make nearly flat cables.) – Lee Sam Jan 23 '19 at 23:08
@David was it really built in 1890? Or was that a typo? – Kris Jan 24 '19 at 4:41
@Kris Yes, 1890. Relevant in that it's literally concrete sitting on dirt, without any fancy drain tiles or pipes leading off anywhere useful. There's obviously no exterior drainage solution either in place! It's a tight lot without land so I don't have much option aside from dealing with it internally. – David Jan 24 '19 at 7:24
David, There are many good ideas listed above. Allow me to add my 2-cents. I have dealt with, seen and repaired this very problem in my customer's houses before.
Ground water is a funny and fickle thing. I wouldn't try telling it what to do. You are likely to lose.
First buy an off the shelf sump basin and float activated sump pump. They come as a package and are available in the plumbing houses or on-line. I would get a fairly good sized basin, 50-gallons. Dig out your hole (where you have a ground water problem) half again as large as you need. Fill the bottom of the hole with 6" of 1.5" minus round river/drainage rock. Drill a couple of hundred 1/4" holes in the sides of the basin to allow ground water to find its way into the basin. (these basins are made of heavy duty plastic.) Drop the basin into the hole to set on the new rock. Ensure the rim of the basin sits flush with the surface of the basement floor. Now back fill around the rest of the basin with the round rock to a level about 3" below floor surface. Finish the fill-in with hand mixed and poured concrete. Level with the surface of the existing floor. Now build a partition near the sump location, or install a column to house the utilities. I have systems built on this design that have successfully operated for years.
Paul LoganPaul Logan
This doesn't really address the question, which is about varying water levels by location, nor does it suggest where the described hardware should be installed or why. The sump that exists now apparently works fine. – isherwood Jun 24 '19 at 13:34
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