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NOTES on John Hick (1922-2012): Evil and the God of Love
Posted on April 27, 2018 by davidbruceblog
John Hick (1922-2012): Evil and the God of Love
A theodicy is an attempt to justify the goodness of God despite the presence of evil in the world. John Hick is an important philosopher/theologian who has developed what we can call the "Vale of Soul-Making" theodicy. In it, Hick suggests that the purpose of the universe is not to be a hedonistic paradise (although Heaven may very well be that), but is instead to help us develop souls so that one day we may become worthy of being citizens of Heaven.
Hick begins by contrasting two different views of Humankind, beginning with the view of Saint Augustine (354-430 C.E.), which is called by Hick "the majority report," meaning that very many people believe it. According to Saint Augustine, human free will accounts for much of the evil that we find in the world. This is something that Hick agrees with; however, he does not agree with Saint Augustine's second assertion, which is that at one time Humankind was in a state of perfection, from which it fell. In other words, Saint Augustine believes that God created Humankind perfect, but that through the use of free will, Humankind sinned and stopped being perfect.
This, of course, is one way to interpret the myth of the Garden of Eden. (By the way, a myth can be true, even if it is not literally true.) Adam and Eve were perfect, but they were tempted to sin, gave in to this temptation and did sin, and so became not perfect. However, we can interpret this myth in other ways. My own interpretation is that at one time Humankind (or its ancestors) did not sin — when our ancestors had not acquired the knowledge of good and evil and so were incapable of sinning. However, eventually Humankind achieved sufficient intelligence to know the difference between right and wrong and so became able to sin. (I don't think that a dog sins because a dog is not capable of knowing the difference between right and wrong.)
Instead of accepting this opinion of Saint Augustine's, Hick much prefers what he calls the "minority report" of St. Irenaeus (born in Anatolia, circa 140-160 C.E.; died circa 200 C.E.), a second-century Christian writer. As Hick writes, "Instead of regarding man as having been created by God in a finished state, as a finitely perfect being fulfilling the divine intention for our human level of existence, and then falling disastrously away from this, the minority report sees man as still in process of creation."
An important part of Hick's theodicy is that he recognizes two levels of existence: Biosand Zoe. Biosis mere biological life, whereas Zoeis eternal or spiritual life. St. Irenaeus believes that we were created with biological life, and that we are in the process of acquiring eternal or spiritual life.
This view can be supported with passages from the Bible. We are supposed to become "children of God" (Hebrews ii. 10) and "fellow heirs with Christ" (Romans viii. 17). In addition, this view is compatible with evolution. Life apparently originated as one-celled creatures in the ocean; therefore, Humankind was not created perfect and whole. Instead, life has evolved to the point where Humankind has achieved enough intelligence to tell right from wrong and has achieved the free will to choose to join the race of decent men or the race of indecent men (using Viktor Frankl's terminology in Man's Search for Meaning).
Hick does make a value judgment in his theodicy. He writes, "The value-judgment that is implicitly being invoked here is that one who has attained to goodness by meeting and eventually mastering temptations, and thus by rightly making responsible choices in concrete situations, is good in a richer and more valuable sense than would be one created ab initioin a state of either innocence or virtue."
God could have created us morally perfect, if He had wished. However, He would have had to create us without free will — we would be like robots who are programmed always to do good and never to do evil. It is much more morally valuable to have a human being who freely chooses to do the right thing than to have a robot that is forced always to do the right thing.
Hick also points out, "Man is in process of becoming the perfected being whom God is seeking to create. However, this is not taking place — it is important to add — by a natural and inevitable evolution, but through a hazardous adventure in individual freedom."
Many people might think that the world ought to be becoming better and better as Humankind becomes more and more perfect. However, that is not the case. The move toward becoming a child of God is happening in individuals, not in Humankind as a whole.
In fact, Hick specifically states, "Because this is a pilgrimage within the life of each individual, rather than a racial evolution, the progressive fulfilment of God's purpose does not entail any corresponding progressive improvement in the moral state of the world."
In addition, Hick points out a common mistake (made by David Hume, among others): "They think of God's relation to the earth on the model of a human being building a cage for a pet animal to dwell in." When these critics of theism look at the world, they note its imperfections and criticize it because of them. They believe that if God really were omnipotent and omnibenevolent, then He would have made the Earth a hedonistic paradise.
Hick writes, "Men are not to be thought of on the analogy of animal pets, whose life is to be made as agreeable as possible, but rather on the analogy of human children, who are to grow to adulthood in an environment whose primary and overriding purpose is not immediate pleasure but the realizing of the most valuable potentialities of human personality."
As you can see, Hick believes that the world was made not to be a source of endless delights for Humankind, but was made in order for us to develop souls. What kind of world is necessary in order to make souls? Suppose I were to ask you: What is more important?
Pleasure, or Moral Integrity?
Pleasure, or Unselfishness?
Pleasure, or Compassion?
Pleasure, or Courage?
Pleasure, or Humor?
Pleasure, or Reverence for the Truth?
Pleasure, or the Capacity to Love?
I would hope that you would agree that pleasure is less important than the other qualities listed above. To help us develop those better qualities, God has not created a hedonistic paradise on this Earth, but instead He has created a world in which there is evil, yes, but a world in which we can — if we choose — develop the better qualities listed above.
Hick's theodicy includes these themes: free will, and harmony. We see the harmony in a World (Heaven) to come in which Humankind (who have become citizens of Heaven) has achieved the better qualities listed above. According to Hick, "The good that outshines all ill is not a paradise long since lost but a kingdom which is yet to come in its full glory and permanence."
By the way, the phrase "the vale of Soul-making" comes from a letter written by English poet John Keats to his siblings in April 1819.
Note: The quotations by John Hick that appear in this essay are from his Evil and the God of Love, revised edition by John Hick (copyright 1966 and 1978).
Edward H. Madden (born 1925) and Peter Hare (born 1935-2008): Rejection of Hick's Theodicy
Previously, we examined John Hick's theodicy, in which he argued that a combination of free will and harmony (eventually, those who become children of God will reach Heaven) will serve to justify the goodness of God despite the presence of evil in the world. Now, however, we will look at the views of Edward H. Madden and Peter Hare, who reject Hick's "Vale of Soul-Making" theodicy in their book Evil and the Concept of God.
Madden and Hare first quote Hick making an important point that
man, created as a personal being in the image of God, is only the raw material for a further and more difficult stage of God's creative work. This is the leading of men as relatively free and autonomous persons through their own dealings with life in the world in which he has placed them, towards that quality of personal existence that is the finite likeness of God.
Madden and Hare then mention Hick's criticism of many writers who use the fact of evil against God. According to Hick, such writers "assume that the purpose of a loving God must be to create a hedonistic paradise." Hick, as well as Madden and Hare, will reject the idea of a hedonistic paradise, but nonetheless Madden and Hare will argue that the amount of evil that is in the universe is sufficient to reject belief in God.
Madden and Hare accuse Hick of three informal fallacies in his theodicy. The three informal fallacies are 1) all or nothing, 2) it could be worse, and 3) slippery slope.
I. A Fallacy: All or Nothing
According to Madden and Hare, the all-or-nothing fallacy "is the claim that something is desirable because its complete absence would be far worse than the evil its presence now commands." They believe that the fallacy lies in reasoning that there are only two alternatives: all of something, or none of something. However, Madden and Hare say that there is a third alternative: less of something.
Madden and Hare believe that Hick is guilty of the all or nothing fallacy on two occasions. The first occurs when he uses the free-will defense. Yes, there is moral evil in the world, but Hick says that the moral evil in the world is necessary to create souls. If God were to create us in such a way that we always choose to do the right thing, then we would be robots without free will and without the chance to develop into the finite likeness of God.
However, according to Madden and Hare, there is a third alternative: We could have free will, but our freedom to do evil and our moral inclinations to do evil could be much less than they are now. This would allow us to still develop souls, while doing less evil than we do now.
Madden and Hare use an analogy here. They say that God is like the headmaster of a very permissive school. The headmaster does not make the school's students read books because he doesn't want to do anything that would restrict their freedom by forcing them to learn — he wants them to choose to learn for the sake of learning, not because they are forced to learn.
According to Madden and Hare, there is a better way to run the school — one that will still give the students some freedom. As they point out, "There are, after all, many different ways for a parent to guide his child's moral growth while respecting his freedom."
The second way in which Madden and Hare believe that Hick is guilty of the all-or-nothing fallacy is in Hick's explanation of epistemic distance. We do not have knowledge of the existence of God. Why? According to Hick, it is because God wants us to develop faith. If we knew that God existed, it would not be possible for us to have faith.
Once again, Madden and Hare use the analogy of the headmaster. The headmaster appears before the students only once a year to give an address. But Madden and Hare say that their analogy is too generous — God hardly ever appears before his people. Jesus walked the Earth 2,000 years ago, and has not returned since.
II. A Fallacy: It Could Be Worse
According to Madden and Hare, the it-could-be-worse fallacy "is the claim that something is not really bad because it will be followed by all manner of desirable things." However, Madden and Hare say that this does not justify the bad thing. We can think of another alternative to something bad that is followed by something better. That alternative is this: something good that is followed by something better.
Hick writes, "Christian theodicy must point forward to that final blessedness, and claim that this infinite future good will render worth while all the pain and travail and wickedness that has occurred on the way to it." By this, Hick means that eventually the faithful will earn their way into Heaven. (This is a variant of the Harmony type of theodicy.) Hick also suggests that it is possible that we will not remember the bad things that occurred to us on Earth.
Madden and Hare reject this. If we are being tortured now, how can this torture be justified even if someday we will be in Heaven? In a vivid analogy and counterargument, Madden and Hare ask us to imagine a man torturing his wife. Suppose that once the torture is over, the man gave his wife a drug that caused her to forget the torture. This is better than remembering the torture, but it does not explain why the torture was necessary in the first place.
III. A Fallacy: Slippery Slope
According to Madden and Hare, the slippery-slope fallacy "is the claim that if God once started eliminating evils of this world he would have no place to stop short of a 'perfect' world in which only robots and not men were possible." However, Madden and Hare say that God would know where to stop to reduce the amount of evil that is in the world yet still have enough evil to serve the purpose of building souls.
One problem that Hick must face is that of excessive suffering — dysteleological suffering. Some suffering is necessary. If you are out of shape and wish to get in shape, you have to force yourself to exercise even though you would rather not exercise. (Eventually, when you get in shape, you will enjoy exercising.)
However, some of the suffering in the world does not have a good result. Although some people are ennobled by suffering, other people are made bitter by suffering. The people who are ennobled by suffering have what we can call teleological suffering. They are building their souls. The people who are embittered by suffering have what we can call dysteleological suffering. Their suffering serves no good purpose.
Let no one doubt that pain hurts. Let no one doubt that suffering can harden a person and make that person bitter. How can Hick justify this kind of suffering? Why wouldn't God get rid of at least the dysteleological suffering in the world?
Is the slippery-slope fallacy that Hick is supposed by Madden and Hare to have committed really a good criticism? Is it true that God could eliminate some of the evil that is in the world without logically having to eliminate all of the evil that is in the world?
Possibly not. Take the world of the 20th century. The worst evil in it is probably Adolf Hitler. According to Madden and Hare, God could eliminate some of the evil in the world and still have enough evil to suffice for the purpose of building souls. Therefore, God could eliminate the evil of Adolf Hitler.
But notice what happens next. The second-worst evil has now moved up to the place of the first-worst evil. Perhaps the second-worst evil is Benito Mussolini. The logic of Madden and Hare's argument requires that God eliminate the evil of Benito Mussolini.
But notice what happens next. What was once the third-worst evil has now moved up to the place of the first-worst evil. The logic of Madden and Hare's argument requires that God eliminate this evil as well.
In Hick's words:
Unless God eliminated all evils whatsoever there would always be relatively outstanding ones of which it would be said that He should have secretly prevented them. If, for example, divine providence had eliminated Hitler in his infancy, we might now point instead to Mussolini. … There would be nowhere to stop, short of divinely arranged paradise in which human freedom would be narrowly circumscribed.
According to Hick, once God began to remove evils, He would have to continue removing evils until no evils were left at all.
Hick does not appear to be guilty of the fallacy of slippery slope. The logic of Madden and Hare's argument seems to require that God continue to eliminate evils until no evil is left in the world.
However, Madden and Hare reject Hick's thesis. According to Madden and Hare, God would know when to stop eliminating evils. There would still be evil in the world, but much less evil in the world than we have at present. But that amount of evil would still be sufficient for soul-building.
We should point out that since human beings have free will, the amount of evil we cause can vary. If most people use their free will to do evil, much evil will be in the world. During such times, the amount of evil in the world can greatly exceed what is needed for soul-building. Also, of course, if most people use their free will to do good, much good will be in the world.
IV. Mystery
Hick eventually resorts to mystery. He writes, "I do not now have an alternative theory to offer that would explain in any rational or ethical way why men suffer as they do. The only appeal left is to mystery."
The kind of mystery that Hick appeals to is that there is no answer to the problem of evil. Not only do we not have an answer to the problem of evil now, but there will be no answer forthcoming in the future (at least, in this world).
However, Hick suggests that mystery can aid us in the process of soul-making. He asks us to imagine a world in which there was no unjust suffering — all suffering would be punishment for something that the person had done wrong, or the suffering would be "a part of moral training." Such a world would seem to inhibit the development of compassion.
Madden and Hare make three objections to this idea:
1) We can feel compassion even when the suffering is teleological. As an example, Madden and Hare point out that a husband can feel compassion for his wife's labor pains even though the labor pains will result in the birth of a child. Also, we can feel compassion for the pain suffered by a criminal even though we think the suffering is deserved.
2) Suppose that some undeserved and unnecessary suffering is needed in the world. According to Madden and Hare, the amount of needed undeserved and unnecessary suffering is much less than the world currently has.
3) "… while unjust suffering may increase compassion, it also creates massive resentment." Once again, we must remember that suffering crushes some people.
V. One Last Justification for Unjust Suffering
Hick offers one last justification for unjust suffering. Suppose that there was no unjust suffering in the world. In that kind of world, you would be rewarded for good deeds and punished for bad deeds. However, in that kind of world, you would quickly figure out what you would have to do to get ahead, and therefore you would do good deeds not because they are the right thing to do, but because you want to get ahead. In other words, you would do good deeds because you were selfish, not because you cared about the people you were helping. This is the opposite of developing a good will — doing good deeds because they are the right thing to do, not because you hope for a reward.
1) If God were to administer rewards and punishments for our actions, he would certainly take into account a person's motivefor doing something. If someone does a good deed merely for a reward, God would know enough not to give a reward to that person.
2) If God administers rewards and punishments on the basis of motive, this will have a good effect on human morality.
3) Suppose that always rewarding a person for having a good will is bad. That does not mean that God couldn't get rid of an enormous amount of the unjust suffering that we see in the world today without getting rid of the possibility of acting with a good will.
Note: The quotations by Edward H. Madden and Peter Hare that appear in this essay are from their Evil and the Concept of God(Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1968).
Copyright by Bruce D. Bruce; All Rights Reserved
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Maximum Cool: 250 Anecdotes
The Most Interesting People in Movies: 250 Anecdotes
The Most Interesting People in Politics and History: 250 Anecdotes
The Most Interesting People in Politics and History, Volume 2: 250 Anecdotes
The Most Interesting People in Religion: 250 Anecdotes
The Most Interesting People in Sports: 250 Anecdotes
The Most Interesting People Who Live Life: 250 Anecdotes
The Most Interesting People Who Live Life, Volume 2: 250 Anecdotes
Reality is Fabulous: 250 Anecdotes and Stories
Resist Psychic Death: 250 Anecdotes
Seize the Day: 250 Anecdotes and Stories
Philosophy for the Masses: Ethics
Philosophy for the Masses: Metaphysics and More
Philosophy for the Masses: Religion
DISCUSSION GUIDE SERIES
Dante's Inferno: A Discussion Guide
Dante's Paradise: A Discussion Guide
Dante's Purgatory: A Discussion Guide
Forrest Carter's The Education of Little Tree: A Discussion Guide
Homer's Iliad: A Discussion Guide
Homer's Odyssey: A Discussion Guide
Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice: A Discussion Guide
Jerry Spinelli's Maniac Magee: A Discussion Guide
Jerry Spinelli's Stargirl: A Discussion Guide
Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal": A Discussion Guide
Lloyd Alexander's The Black Cauldron: A Discussion Guide
Lloyd Alexander's The Book of Three: A Discussion Guide
Lloyd Alexander's The Castle of Llyr: A Discussion Guide
Lois Lowry's Number the Stars: A Discussion Guide
Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Discussion Guide
Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer: A Discussion Guide
Mark Twain's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court: A Discussion Guide
Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper: A Discussion Guide
Nancy Garden's Annie on My Mind: A Discussion Guide
Nicholas Sparks' A Walk to Remember: A Discussion Guide
Virgil, "The Fall of Troy": A Discussion Guide
Virgil's Aeneid: A Discussion Guide
Voltaire's Candide: A Discussion Guide
William Shakespeare's 1 Henry IV: A Discussion Guide
William Shakespeare's Macbeth: A Discussion Guide
William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream: A Discussion Guide
William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet: A Discussion Guide
William Sleator's Oddballs: A Discussion Guide
GOOD DEEDS SERIES (PLURAL)
The Kindest People Who Do Good Deeds: Volume 1
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qQ-aJ4kjGQti20c3G2CPm1zile51Yd-5/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h1ZaZEixmzjGLHI5_57AwTFuQ02g8lL3/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/12iOTDEzHV6P576LGAijcPQgpt1ogax0R/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1z0-CAMz-4ulX29CAIHNU16Z912eNqt-v/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Y7DlPdu-eZwA23gEHPT2YWMT0W5r8eu7/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zHZv2iTHQnbVY0n_LihTWXKOvUr4_hyr/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FSCTtviio4xrX7e07-OuAgYpxmWlIPuk/view?usp=sharing
You've Got to Be Kind: Volume 1
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GfiQMNnQ4G0CHGt1AZQQIPODV596k30j/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OHcETsSaWbIhFPIZWeW0laO6mdHVbcph/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XZCFlAWhtXPnf35OGlUoh991i05D0Bs0/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Cj8yIDLmFFG6dGzLpoVE3RrQ3-LhKV0d/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LxqLrwm898Chg3mnRY2NiGZA4FkFdOXR/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PmAxX5C-viQF0GfIpsM7mTtsyQ9lfm8J/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Bq_SmSf4rsWdtqA7p0kN9tJ5ip3gqEht/view?usp=sharing
The Kindest People: Be Excellent to Each Other (Volume 1)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FqbObI95XKwIr1QWn0lBFDSNsIENTR9B/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QWF5bRarJBauD7Qdb-_99K9UuQBL_fZ7/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gUUA4ms-CX7BvVlOaNmpYswPN-eBfKIa/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BXLhqmY1qOEaF4u5IMRpSCm7H6jy2mj_/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Pks6XXM4T-r_r4cBBSmUIlP0jARS8i-0/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ohXsEp79jwf8OdlIXI7I3nPIotjX5wWb/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_orz__RY0T3A-kpa7fpbS8koDwp0I91p/view?usp=sharing
The Kindest People: Heroes and Good Samaritans (Volume 1)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/13X4KOLTIvPVwSBo1ijX0aJABB8wbgZyT/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wbRuc4G0EdFeM4UVWk6LwbxDKkF19T2s/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ksyO9KnAJ6yGpK5CNMY12Ry9HTQ9vxm1/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NuAM7qAb_XLRGHxUTMLrm2PhOfjU7Fk8/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T5HB-AwL4S61aj4lLK3K5Q0ulgQbarR7/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PYx6MyYI9YY_RKCv3nUZnENwv0jIxfRn/view?usp=sharing
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I8aphNRXnok_slWALv8s8TjJ344sZVml/view?usp=sharing
Composition Project: Writing an Autobiographical Essay
Composition Project: Writing a Hero-of-Human-Rights Essay
Composition Project: Writing a Problem-Solving Letter
How to Teach the Autobiographical Essay Composition Project in 9 Classes
IT'S A WONDERFUL WORLD SERIES (Stories and Anecdotes and Opinions)
It's a Wonderful World: Volumes 1-7
https://wordpress.com/page/davidbruceblog429065578.wordpress.com/690
THE RELATIONSHIP BOOKS SERIES
The Relationship Books (Volume 1-8)
BE KIND AND BE USEFUL SERIES (Stories and Anecdotes and Opinions)
Be Kind and Be Useful: Volumes 1-5)
BRUCE'S MUSIC RECOMMENDATIONS SERIES
Bruce's Music Recommendations: Volumes 1-8
https://anecdotesandmusic.wordpress.com/2022/04/26/bruces-music-recommendations-free-pdfs/
http://davidbruceblog.wordpress.com/
https://davidbrucemusic.wordpress.com
https://cosplayvideos.wordpress.com
https://davidbruceblog4.wordpress.com
David Bruce Books: Free PDFs
davidbrucebooks: EDUCATE YOURSELF
https://davidbruceblog429065578.wordpress.com
Anecdotes, Arts, Books, and Music
https://anecdotesandmusic.wordpress.com
George Peele: English Dramatist
https://georgepeeleenglishdramatist.wordpress.com
David Bruce's Books at Blogspot
https://davidbrucebooks.blogspot.com
David Bruce's Books at WIX
https://bruceb22.wixsite.com/website/blog
David Bruce's Books at Smashwords
http://www.smashwords.com/profile/view/bruceb
David Bruce's Books at Apple Books
https://itunes.apple.com/ie/artist/david-bruce/id81470634
David Bruce's Books at Kobo
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David Bruce's Books at Barnes and Noble
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Teaching Stuff
https://davidbruceblog429065578.wordpress.com/teaching-guides/
Composition Project: Writing an Argument Paper with Research
Composition Project: Writing an Employee Manual
Composition Project: Writing an Evaluation or Review
Composition Project: Writing a Famous-Plagiarist/Fabulist Report
How Do I Write a Resume, List of References, and Job-Application Letter
How Do I Write Humor and Satire?
Composition Project: The Set of Instructions
Composition Project: Writing a Manual
Composition Project: Writing a Media Opinion Essay
Composition Project: Interview About On-the-Job Writing
Composition Project: Writing a Progress Report
How Do I Write the Introductory Memo Assignment?
How to Teach the Argument Paper Composition Project in 10 Classes
How to Teach the Famous-Plagiarist Research Report Composition Project in 8 Classes
How to Teach the Manual Composition Project in 8 Classes
How to Teach the Resume, Job-Application Letter, and List of References Composition Project in 6 Classes
Free Writing Handouts with Anecdotes: Volume 1
DANTE INFERNO HAIKU PDF
https://cosplayvideos.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/dante-inferno-haiku.pdf
DANTE PURGATORY HAIKU PDF
https://cosplayvideos.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/dante-purgatory-haiku-pdf.pdf
DANTE PARADISE HAIKU PDF
https://cosplayvideos.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/dante-paradise-haiku.pdf
davidbrucehaiku #1 through #10 (Free PDFs)
https://davidbruceblog.wordpress.com/patreon/
davidbrucehaiku #11
https://davidbrucemusic.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/davidbrucehaiku-11.pdf
https://cosplayvideos.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/davidbrucehaiku-12.pdf
https://cosplayvideos.wordpress.com/2019/04/08/davidbrucehaiku-13/
https://cosplayvideos.files.wordpress.com/2019/04/davidbrucehaiku13.pdf
https://davidbruceblog429065578.wordpress.com/davidbrucehaiku/
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text:
Sri Lanka still struggling to import Iranian crude
Wednesday September 21, 2016 09:09
ECONOMYNET – Sri Lanka has still not been able to import crude oil from Iran, although international sanctions have been ostensibly been lifted, Petroleum Minister Chandima Weerakkody said.
"We still cannot make payments to Iran because of restrictions on banks," Weerakkody told members of Sri Lanka's Foreign Correspondents Association.
He said Sri Lanka also owed Iran about $250 million for old oil shipments.
Sri Lanka's state-run refinery, which is inefficient and produces large volumes of furnace oil, operates more efficiently with Iranian light crude, producing more light distillates.,
The refinery operates under the cover of import duties, effectively eating up pontential tax revenues to the state.
The refinery made about $2 in profits per barrel, Weerakkody said. But a more efficient plant with a hyro-cracker could make over $12.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This week was tough. But you know what; these are the kind of weeks that force you to grow.
In the beginning of the week we found a wonderful lady named Nancy! She and her daughter are just adorable, and she is so ready to make changes! But when we returned for our second lession with her at the end of the week, full of energy and hope for her, she told us she would be moving to a different part of Santiago. We were devastated. This happens quite a lot here in Santiago, especially with people from different countries. But I know that we planted a seed. A seed we might never see grow. But just because we don´t see it doesn´t mean it´s not growing! I know that God works in mysterious ways; we met her and taught her for a reason!
Today we went to a member's house (Hna Beatrice) to cook lunch and talk. She told us that for every problem we have in the life there is a lession that we, personally, need to learn. If we just avoid it or refuse to change, this problem will come back, again and again until we learn what we need to learn, or change what we have to change! That hit home for me. I have to learn from my problems, not just wait them out!
I learned this week that Satan really knows what are weaknesses are. But God is much wiser than him. He uses these weaknesses to help us learn. He uses our falls to help us stand taller. He is all knowing and all powerful. I know now that he has a plan, not just the big kind, but the daily kind too.
This week I have a story super special for you all! So, sometimes as missionaries we feel like if we aren't seeing lots of baptisms, we are not being successful, but I'm starting to realize that that is not true. Here in Chile, there are many, many members of the Church, but about 70% are not active. That means that the missionaries work a lot with less active members. One day about 2 months ago, Hna. Garcia and I found a less active guy (about 23 yrs old) who wants to prepare to go on a mission! So we set up an appointment to visit him at his house. Buuuuuuuut when we got there, we found his very angry father, Helario Rojas, who also is a member. He completely chewed us out. We´ll just say he did not want to talk to us, but he told us that we could expect to see him at church. Whelp, after I got over the shock of a member almost yelling at me, I thought he just said that to save his pride. But he really showed up! More than a little grumpy… but he came!! We greeted him every Sunday, and went to his house to visit his sons, but he wanted nothing to do with us. Until two Sundays ago, something changed. This time when I found him after church to say hi he was smiling! We had a pleasant conversation until I asked about his wife (who I still have never met) He calmly showed his children away and told me that his wife is not living with them. Wow, I thought, that's why he was so angry! He invited us to visit him later that day. I cannot tell you how different he was. The Gospel had brought hope back into his life! Although he is now alone with his 4 sons, he was smiling and laughing! He told us that his goal is to help his sons know what is right and have eternal families of their own. But that's just the beginning! Hno Rojas helped the youth during a youth conference this past week, part of the activity was to hit the streets and share the gospel and give away Books of Mormon. This Sunday he gave his testimony and told us that 26 years ago, he opened that very same area as a missionary. He got to share the gospel with 2 of his sons in the very same place as he had in his youth. He said that the biggest miracles are not when the water parts, but when someone can feel the personal change inside.
I know that this gospel brings changes I feel so blessed to be part of that change. For me it does not matter if that change comes through learning about Christ for the first time or being reminded of things long forgotten. God know what we need when we need it!
First off.... we are DYING of heat here in Chile : ) I still can't get used to the idea that were sweating like crazy in February! This week we worked hard. I want to help people and see them change and progress!! We've been trying to teach better and work together. But were still waiting to see the fruits of our labor. But the will come I´m sure of it : ) I´ve been reading a lot about the atonement (the sacrifice of Christ), and I´m trying to use it more fully to heal not only wounds from sin but from sadness too. I know that Christ didn't just die so that we could be saved from sins but so that we could let go of our disappointments and sadness too!
We've been trying to work a lot with a investigator named Danela this week! Danela is a 27 year old with her 2 daughters (8 and 3) they are just adorable!! Danela went through a hard divorce a couple of years ago and is ready to start over with her two girls. They live on our floor and are just soaking it all in : ) Danela told us that she and her older daughter Martina could feel so much peace in their house when we left the first time and want to have that peace more in their home! We ran into them in the street 2 days ago and Danela told us that she knows that the Book of Mormon is true!!!! I just adore them : ) And can't wait to see how their life changes with Christ in it!!


text:
Surprising, And Some Unsurprising, Findings About Where NYC's Artists Live
by Michael Anthony Farley on July 14, 2017
A new study from the Center for an Urban Future looks at where artists live in New York City. What neighborhoods in New York City are losing artists? Gaining them? Those answers aren't surprising. But the dominance of pricey Uptown Manhattan nabes (in terms of total artist populations) certainly is.
Thursday Links: Get Your £1,705 IKEA Shopping Bag by Balenciaga
by Michael Anthony Farley on April 20, 2017
Balenciaga has released a "knockoff" of those blue IKEA shopping bags… which costs £1,705. The peculiar logic of late capitalism keeps the LOLs coming. [Dezeen]
Peter Garritano photographs New Yorkers he meets through Craigslist's "Strictly Platonic" friend-seeking section. These are surprisingly less sad than one would expect. But some of the ads are really, really strange. And borderline not platonic at all. [The New Yorker]
The DOT is seeking proposals for a new public artwork/design object for the Canal Street Triangle for a project called "Gateways to Chinatown". The selected proposal will receive a $900,000 budget. [Curbed]
Happy 4/20. Why is today Marijuana Appreciation Day? Like most stoner stories, it's murky and complicated. [WJLA]
Hmmm. Alex Jones now considers himself a "performance artist" (in defense of the craziest of his rants, while in court during a nasty divorce). I've long suspected this of Ann Coulter, but always suspected Jones was just legitimately out of his mind. [The Huffington Post]
Here's news that should make most city dwellers laugh: residents of a luxury highrise in London are suing the Tate Modern because visitors to the museum's outdoor spaces have views into the floor-to-ceiling glass apartments. Apparently the condo owners didn't understand the whole "glass houses" adage? Following this logic, does the museum have the right to sue the apartment owners for their views? [artnet News]
Wow, I had no idea Charlie's Angels star Farrah Fawcett was an artist! Hopefully the exhibition Mentoring a Muse: Charles Umlauf & Farrah Fawcett at Austin's Umlauf Sculpture Garden & Museum can disabuse us all of that oversight. [ARTnews]
Tuesday Links: Good Art, Defined.
by Paddy Johnson and Michael Anthony Farley on February 7, 2017
Sunnyside Yards
BALTIMORE! The Mayor's Safe Arts Space Taskforce is meeting tonight. It's so important that advocates for maintaining affordable live/work spaces come to these things. [The Mayor's Facebook]
Why were so many female artists written out of art history? It's an unfortunate fact of most museum collections, but the Guerrilla Girls are making a dent in the art-historical glass ceiling. [The Guardian]
Right, on! NADA is donating half of its ticket sales this year to the ACLU. Acronym orgs unite! [artnet News]
Katie Alice Greer, singer of the D.C. punk band Priests and a solo artist under her initials, K.A.G., talks about why all art is political. Lots of great comments in this interview, but this really stands out, "To me, successful art isn't someone wagging their finger at you or spelling it out on a chalkboard. I mean, maybe it is, if it's literature or the written word. Successful art you have to unpack, because it's interrogating you or what your idea of reality is, or what the world means, or is very beautiful or very complicated, very ugly." [The Creative Independent]
The city wants to build housing over top of Sunnyside Yard, the massive train yard. This would represent a huge new neighborhood in Queens, but the feasibility study, which paints a rosy picture for this new development, doesn't include any mention of increased transit options or new hospitals. Also New York State governor Andrew Cuomo controls the MTA portion of the yard and the Feds (Trump) control the Amtrak portion. We may not see this plan come together for another a 100 years. [Crain's New York]
A brief (read, long and comprehensive) history of art collectives in New York City's Chinatown. [Hyperallergic]
The SPRING/BREAK art fair says good-bye to their old haunt at the post office, and will take over two floors of an office building in Times Square. [ARTnews]
Wednesday Links: Laying Low, Getting Away, and Moving Out
by Paddy Johnson on October 12, 2016
James Mellick, Wounded Warrior Dogs. Image via: MLive.com
Ooooh. Production drawings from the 1960's T.V. series, "Batman". [Batgirl Bat-trap]
Don't buy your art off e-bay. The company reportedly made 1.4 billion in the in the UK, but paid just 1 million in taxes. (hat tip: Paul B. Davis) [The Guardian]
James Mellick and Stacey Kirby win ArtPrize's top honors this year. Mellick produced a series of wooden dog sculptures with prosthetics and Kirby a series of performances set within site-specific installations that examine government processes [artnet News]
More on Chinatown's gentrification—this time with some good news. A small 20-unit apartment building in Chinatown will receive $2.2 million towards not only preserving its affordability but making it more sustainable. [Curbed]
Why You Shouldn't Live in New York. A new 20×200 print by William Powhida. My favorite line item: Graffiti tours. [20×200]
Speaking of getting away: here are the best places to escape the art world (in L.A.) [Artillery]
File under fodder: according to Time, Ronald McDonald is lying low until the crown craze is over. Is this a bullshit story dreamed up by McDonalds? That mascot's been laying low for the last 15 years. I thought the company had moved on to new touchstones—like Dash Snow. [Time]
A Door-Shattering Breakthrough At Denny Gallery's Pop-Up "The City & The City"
by Emily Colucci on July 8, 2016
Nothing underscores the fraught tensions of gentrification quite like the deafening sound of a large glass door shattering behind you. Moments after I entered Denny Gallery's East Broadway pop-up space this Wednesday, the gallery's door splintered with a bang and a startling crack. Fragmenting into a wall of tiny shards, the broken door trapped the gallerists and me inside. "You're not art press, right?" jokingly asked Director Robert Dimin. Well, actually…
As the initial shock wore off, Dimin, between calls to his building contractor and the gallery's main Broome Street space, tried to piece together what happened. Was it the scalding summer heat that weakened the glass–a product of faulty construction and sweltering temperatures? Or was it something more nefarious such as a warning sign from a neighborhood hostile to symbols of gentrification like a gallery?
Wednesday Links: But Some People Do Care
by Paddy Johnson and Michael Anthony Farley on May 18, 2016
Some view Peregrine Honig's restroom signs as insensitive.
Former Work of Art contestant Peregrine Honig's "We Don't Care" restroom signs—created in response to North Carolina's discriminatory transgender bathroom laws—are sparking some heated social media debate that for once doesn't involve the right wing. Some view the $150 signs as exploitative and dismissive, while others (mostly cisgendered people) support the artist. It's spread to multiple threads, but in this one we get to watch AFC friend Molly Rhinestones and Jerry Saltz on opposite sides of the debate. [Facebook]
As the cost of riding the MTA continues to rise, fare evasion on the subway is now the number one cause for arrests in NYC, disproportionately affecting low income people of color. All those arrests cost the city $51 million annually. But it would only cost the city $40.5 million to offer those same 29,000 riders free metrocards instead of arrest records and a night in jail. Activists are trying to call attention to this absurd policy by giving out free metrocard swipes in low-income neighborhoods. [Elite Daily]
Hate read: this piece equates the late Tony Goldman's art-branded gentrifications schemes with social practice and community arts. Like, not as a criticism of community arts' vaguely colonial undertones, but as an endorsement of art as a tool for developers. Seriously? [The Huffington Post]
Related: a household now needs to earn $158,000 annually to rent a two-bedroom in New York City, according to HUD metrics. This is so unacceptable. [Curbed]
Who is Yusaku Maezawa, the handsome billionaire from Chiba who pretty much single-handedly rescued the market with almost $100 million in contemporary art purchases last week? He's a fashion mogul, former musician, and philanthropist with a foundation in Tokyo and a guest house for artists in London. Dear Mr. Maezawa, please bring us to Japan to see your collection, love AFC. [Observer]
This is adorable. Virginia Beach Arts and Humanities Commissioner Ben Loyola is offended by the Virginia Museum of Contemporary Art showing Mark Ryden, who uses Catholic imagery in subversive-cheesy ways, and "paintings of nude portraits in all positions." He's upset taxpayer money is funding this. Ben, if you need a theme for a party to raise awareness about your concerns, I suggest the 1980s. [WAVY]
Unsurprisingly, more powerful figures from the art world have been named in the Panama Papers. The latest are gallerist Dominique Lévy and Miami mega-collector Ella Fontanals-Cisneros. If you really need to stash assets in a non-taxable form, can't you just buy more art for your personal museum? [artnet News]
Your animal video of the day: Panda & basket. Cleaning up leaves is a much harder job than it looks when there is a panda involved. [YouTube]
Hip-hop artist The Game commissioned a $65,000 portrait of Prince from street artist Madsteez. I want to see this on the hood of a car. [Complex]
Ben Davis thoughtfully reflects on Jordan Wolfson's installation at David Zwirner, which focuses a human-like robot being tortured. Davis concludes that Wolfson has a violent need to command the attention of the viewer. [artnet News]
The Handicraft Building in Minneapolis, which was erected in 1907 to house women artists and craftspeople, is being partially demolished and renovated into luxury apartments. This is terrible. Dozens of artists will be displaced, in addition to artist-run galleries. This follows a pattern in downtown Minneapolis, in which small-scaled historic structures are being demolished to make way for larger developments. [City Pages]
In other real estate news, artist-run space Essex Flowers is relocating to Chinatown, where they'll have a bigger space. [ARTnews]
This Week's Must-See Events: We Are not in Basel
by Michael Anthony Farley on June 15, 2015
Do you see the tumble-weeds rolling through your Facebook invites? Have you walked the streets of Chelsea and assumed an evacuation order had been issued for the flood zone? No, check your email. It's not the end of the art world as we know it; everyone is just in Switzerland for Art Basel. Except us. […]
Recommended Shows: Two Two One at Regina Rex
by Corinna Kirsch on October 1, 2014
Most people won't find Regina Rex's tunnel-like basement gallery to be large in any sense of the word. But coming from a one-room studio in Ridgewood, the collective has definitely found themselves an upgrade.
We Went to Soho: Soho Art and Vietnamese Food
by Corinna Kirsch and Whitney Kimball on April 23, 2014
Art F City editors Whitney Kimball and Corinna Kirsch tackle the subtleties of art and food in this "We Went to" edition.
IMG MGMT: New York Conversations (Day One)
by Anton Vidokle on September 27, 2010
New York Conversations is a text film. Shot in a Chinatown storefront converted for this occasion into an improvised kitchen/restaurant, the film documents three days of public conversations between artists, critics, curators, and a free floating public. The talks, lunches, and dinners were organized by Rirkrit Tiravanija, Nico Dockx, and Anton Vidokle in response to an invitation by Brussels-based art journal A Prior to be the subject of their new issue. Instead of commissioning essays or producing artwork to be printed in the journal, the artists decided to rethink the structure by which an art publication is produced and to attempt to do this discursively in a public setting.


July | 2008 | YesBiscuit!
SC State Senator Kent Williams' local shelter (where he dumped his German Shepherd in March after allowing her to become pregnant while repeatedly roaming loose) has been advertising for someone to take over the shelter. A group called Paws to the Rescue who pulls dogs from the Marion County Animal Shelter regularly has submitted a proposal. The County Administrator apparently has some quibbles over the county's financial responsibilities as outlined in the proposal. The one and only offer to take over the shelter has been sent to a committee for further review. yawn. I only hope some action is taken sooner than in the Kent Williams case – which was never, actually.
I can't help but wonder if the Mayor will attempt to represent himself in court on the animal cruelty charges – you know, assuming his license is reinstated. And if so, will there be clowns, elephants and a ringmaster?
HS director off the swing and make her cry, Mayor Shenanigans has signed an affadavit calling for her arrest. The Mayor has not yet been arraigned on his charges.
The Mayor gots his own blog and again, I'm hard pressed to pick just one quote but – regarding the dogs under his city's care which he kept at the dump, he says, "Strangely the conditions at the pound have been questioned." Yeah, totally bizarro. Cos like, what pet wouldn't want to live at your charming city dump? Especially given all the opportunities for adoption as families stroll around the landfill looking for a companion.
"We dance for laughter, we dance for tears…"
Having put joyous smiles on countless faces in his 15 years, Rookie the freestylin' Golden Retriever, has danced his way across the Rainbow Bridge. Our heartfelt condolences to owner Carolyn Scott and to Rookie's many friends and fans.
Thanks for sharing your joie de vivre Rookie. Add me to your dance card.
I have for several years now bemoaned my inability to find a summary of Juliette de Bairacli Levy's Natural Rearing diet for dogs on the web. Born in 1912, Juliette is an herbalist and breeder of Afghan hounds. Her wonderful book, The Complete Herbal Handbook for the Dog and Cat (originally published in 1955), does not include recipes per se, but rather discusses various aspects of feeding and does include suggested amounts here and there. The main points of her Natural Rearing diet are: feeding raw meats and bones, fasting, feeding raw milk and flaked cereals, resting the kidneys by feeding meat only 4 or 5 days per week.
This is my interpretation of Juliette's feeding recommendations. I hope it will be a useful reference and for those unfamiliar with Juliette's work, perhaps it will spark interest in reading her pioneering book for yourself.
One day per week: meatless meals using raw milk, eggs, white cheese, cottage cheese, whole-grain flaked cereals, rice, cooked beans and/or lentils.
You will note that she mentions feeding raisins to her dogs daily. Raisins now appear on many "foods toxic to dogs" lists although Juliette probably scoffs at this. I am not recommending feeding raisins to your dog but felt it was important to include them in my summary since Juliette specifically notes the information.
There is so much more to Juliette's book than my summary interpretation posted here. It is very interesting reading and I highly recommend it for anyone interested in natural dog and cat care.
The Marion County shelter in Florida closed today so they could kill 84 dogs with contagious diseases such as Parvo, Kennel Cough and Canine Flu. No word on why some or all of the 84 couldn't be medically treated and restored to health, especially since some of the dogs being killed are symptom free.
On the opposite coast, volunteers at a shelter in San Luis Obispo County, California told a local newspaper (on condition of anonymity since their bosses don't want them talking to the media) that dozens of cats have died from or been euthanized for Distemper in recent weeks.
"Both volunteers said they believe the shelter was slow to implement an effective quarantine, and both volunteers said members of the public and inmates from the honor farm, who assist at the shelter, were still recently observed entering the supposedly quarantined area, without precautions in place to prevent the spread of the disease.
The shelter director's response? He said they are not required to make such outbreaks of disease known to anyone. And I guess that's good enough for him. It will be interesting to read the Humane Society's report on this shelter, expected this month. Full article here.
Lassie, Get Help gives us her take on identifying "good" and "bad" family dogs by breed. Good reading and here's a teensy spoiler: the words "Holy Crap" are featured prominently at the beginning of the post, hehe.
Recipes: I LOVE baking for the dogs. If I didn't have to work for the money to buy ingredients, I'd prolly bake all day, every day. So I'm always on the lookout for new recipes to try. Petville has one for Peanut Butter Biscotti that sounds fun. And Petdoc posted one of my recipes for a kibble type dinner.
PetConnection has some SuperExcellentFantastic ideas on what could be done with Leona Helmsley's $8 billion estate gift to canine welfare. I hope something good is done with the money, as opposed to having it sit in a bank account for decades while lawyers argue about it.
Holy Stupidity BatMom! Worms and Germs has a couple good bits on bats and Rabies including a Mom who got into trouble when one of the family's pet bats bit her son.
Sooooo – how's that going?
In other FDA news, the transcript from the blink-and-you-missed-it "all day public meeting" regarding pet food standards is available for download in pdf format. It doesn't take too long to read because you can skim over all the good ol' boy chatter and cut straight to the only voice we consumers had at the meeting: Mike Floyd from Defend Our Pets. (Take their survey on pet food safety here.) His comments are straight talk on what consumers want and need from the pet food industry. Thank goodness he was there because after he spoke, the FDA shut down this supposed all day public meeting citing lack of attendance. Well FDA, some of us actually have to work for a living and can't necessarily get an entire weekday off. So to my mind it's certainly plausible that some people were planning to attend your all day public meeting – you know, when they could get there, which may have been more than 90 minutes after the meeting started – which is when you closed the thing down. So while the FDA touts this as a community outreach activity, I would describe it as a business-as-usual-activity.
Newsflash: We're going to have to do a lot better to fix the problems in our food safety system. For humans and pets. Because the status quo ain't workin'.
"As far as this crime thing, there was no crime committed," said Mayor Set-Them-Free of Arkansas to the City Council as they debated a resolution to support the Mayor, who now has a warrant out for his arrest on charges of animal cruelty.
Right. Well sure it's not a "crime" in the sense of say, detaining hundreds of prisoners indefinitely without trial. (Which is a crime, btw. In case anyone is paying attention.) But it is a "crime" in the sense that it's a violation of the laws of the state of Arkansas ("cruelty to animals" and "obstructing the prevention of cruelty to animals") and the federal laws of the United States (abandoning animals on public land). No one, not even Mayor I-Am-Not-A-Criminal, has the right to dump shelter dogs in his city's care at a National Forest.
The resolution failed to pass because only 4 of 9 members were on board. Kudos to the 5 council members who effectively said "Whaaaaaa?" when asked to vote their support for the resolution.
The Mayor will get his day in court (tentatively set for July 11 in Helena-West Helena District Court) to face the two misdemeanor animal cruelty charges. No word yet on any federal charges. Meanwhile, 4 of the abandoned dogs have been rescued by a recovery team.
Meet Jasmine. Jasmine or "Jazzy" as she is lovingly referred to at the shelter is such a sweet girl. She is a graduate of the Dog Trainers Workshop in the Upstate and is also a graduate of Project Pet basic training. We're not sure why she hasn't found her forever home except that perhaps her size is intimidating. She is a very tall hound mix and is quite strong. Unfortunately because she has been in the shelter so long she is starting to become depressed and is losing weight.
If you can help, please contact Blair at bsalmon@projectpet.com or call Project Pet at (803) 407-0991.
Note from me: Jazzy is approximately the height of a Weimaraner and has been in the shelter for 8 months. She needs a break. They would like to see her adopted but would be happy just to get her into a foster home for right now. She looks like a sweetie.


$5.99 per bottle for Costco members, which includes delivery every two weeks in most areas. For more information, including terms and conditions, or to sign up for high-quality bottled water delivery of your local water brand through DS Services, visit costcowater.com, or call 1-888-432-4823.
COSTCO MEMBERS DANA and James Melton of Yucca Valley, California, weren't satisfied with the water filtration on their refrigerator: The price of the replacement filter kept going up and the water dispensed too slowly. They looked into a home water filtration system for the entire house, but that would have cost more than they wanted to spend. Then one day while shopping at Costco they sampled bottled water offered by Costco's delivery services and signed up.
Olympus, Sierra Springs and Sparkletts.
The Meltons are very impressed with their water delivery service, which includes a reminder phone call for delivery dates, and they feel they receive the best service from their personable route sales representative, David Harrigan of Sparkletts, who delivers purified bottled water to them every two weeks.
"David gets a good report; he's very considerate and service-oriented," Dana says.
The Meltons were also pleased with the features on the water dispenser, which they rent at a discounted Executive member rate of $1 per four-week period. The unique bottom-load design of the dispenser requires no lifting of bottles, so it's easy to fill, and it dispenses both hot and cold water. Its modern design complements any décor, and it has a night-light to guide users to the faucet spouts, a removable drip tray for easy cleaning and a built-in safety lock for hot water.
Sparkletts route sales representative David Harrigan delivers bottled water to Costco members Dana and James Melton in Yucca Valley, California.
DS SERVICES MEETS the applicable U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for bottled water production.
Multiple, closely monitored processing steps at the DS Services bottling plants are designed to ensure that every container of drinking water meets or exceeds these regulations.
DS Services, along with other international and U.S.-based bottlers, distributors and suppliers of water, is a member of the International Bottled Water Association (IBWA; bottledwater.org), which was founded in 1958 as the authoritative source of information about all types of bottled waters. Working with the FDA, IBWA members must adhere to the IBWA Bottled Water Code of Practice, which mandates quality standards and manufacturing practices that in some cases are more stringent than federal and state bottled water regulations.


text:
Q: Laravel search not returning any result I am trying to create a search where user can search for book title. There is a field in 'books' table called 'title'.
however if I do dd($books); I get:
Collection {#667 ▼
  #items: []
}

If I do dd($searchTerms); output seems to be correct
Here's my controller:
    function search()
    {
        $books = Book::all();
        return view('layouts/search',['books' => $books]);
    }
        function details() {
            $searchTerms = explode(' ', \Request::input('book'));
            $books = Book::where(function($q) use($searchTerms) {
            foreach ($searchTerms as $book) {
             $q->orWhere('title', '%'.$book.'%');
            }
        })->get();
            dd($books);
        return view('layouts/details', compact('books'));
}

Search blade:
@extends('layouts.master')

@section('title')

@section('content')

Search for books

    <form action="{{url('details')}}" method="POST">
    {{ csrf_field() }}

            <input type='text'  name='book' placeholder='Enter any character' />

    <input type="submit" name="submitBtn" value="Search">
    </form>
@endsection

Details blade:
@extends('layouts.master')

@section('title')

@section('content')

User Details

      <form>

      @foreach ($books as $book)
    title)}}">
      {{$book->title}}

</form>
@endforeach

@endsection

A: You forgot to tell the eloquent builder that your OR's should have LIKE as the operator:
$q->orWhere('title', 'like', '%'.$book.'%');

A: Please change the function of details to this
function details(Request $request) {
        $searchTerms = $request->book;
        $books = Book::where(function($q) use($searchTerms) {
        foreach ($searchTerms as $book) {
         $q->orWhere('title', '%'.$book.'%');
        }
    })->get();
        dd($books);
    return view('layouts/details', compact('books'));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I use micro SD cards in both my Canon Camera and Samsung Note 3.
Recently I decided to reformat a Samsung 16GB mSD card that I had last added MP3 audio files.
Normally I use my Canon Camera to reformat both mSD and SD cards.
Was surprised when placed it in a SD adapter and loaded in camera and it said "locked SD card"
At first thought it was a bad adapter but tried another mSD card and the adapter was OK.
Then tried to reformat the 16GB mSD card using the Note 3. While it went through the reformat steps OK (no error messages) when checked after it was done all the original files were still there.
Question: Can TestDisk Unlock micro SD Cards? If yes please give details how.
Did forum search but only got Search found 0 matches: "locked micro SD Card"


A beauty mild bubble foam removes impurities softly and gives the skin fresh feeling after cleansing.
After a long period of research, It obtained certification from EVE (Expertise Végane Europe).
It contains Pinus Sylvetis Bud Extract from JEJU that soothe your skin effectively.
Pump 2~3 times to make rich bubbles and massage the skin gently. and then wash it off with lukewarm water.


Comments: Why cite a source that says the major problem is "tooth decay" and then disagree with it and go for an entirely different harm? Why not at least do both? Impact out your harms more. Why is obesity so bad?
You often nitpick the opposition's responses that you don't need to address. Ie you spend a good amount of time apologizing for video quality and the question of the word "almost." Get to your points quicker. Speak with more energy. Your speaking style is draining and monotone.
Good job on identifying the contradiction. However, why does this contradiction matter? You need more work on implicating out why the argument you win matters. Love the start. You need to have more evidence to back up your points and to attack the main points of your opponent. Your graph was good but you spent way too much time on it since it's ultimately a very simple step. Just formally proposing a CP to raise the tax on it and explain why that was good. Also the sound gets bad at that point.
Good job focusing on your CP. Some of the earlier portion of your speech is nitpick answering instead of attacking the root of the proposition's arguments.
Both sides do more ad-hom and insults than are useful. Spend more time on the content of the arguments itself.
I vote for the opposition because the prop's last speech only answered the opposition and didn't go back to why the ban would be good. In your final speech you need to explain why you win and not just why your opponent might not be 100% correct. Ultimately, I think taxes could lessen consumption while increasing revenue because those people who still buy would then be paying more money, making up for the decrease in sales. I would have pointed out the classism in using taxes as a means of restricting consumption since it takes away the choice from poorer people while leaving the wealthy to do whatever they want.


September 21 is the 264th day of the year(265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar.There are 101 days remaining until the end of the year.
1170 – The Kingdom of Dublin falls to Norman invaders.
1217 – Livonian Crusade: The Estonian leader Lembitu and Livonian leader Kaupo the Accursed are killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day.
1792 – French Revolution: The National Convention abolishes the monarchy.
1843 – John Williams Wilson takes possession of the Strait of Magellan on behalf of the Chilean government.
1896 – Anglo-Egyptian conquest of Sudan: British forces under the command of Horatio Kitchener take Dongola.
1921 – A storage silo in Oppau, Germany, explodes, killing 500–600 people.
1933 – Salvador Lutteroth establishes Mexican professional wrestling.
1934 – A large typhoon hits western Honshū, Japan, killing more than three thousand people.
1938 – The Great Hurricane of 1938 makes landfall on Long Island in New York. The death toll is estimated at 500–700 people.
1939 – Romanian Prime Minister Armand Călinescu is assassinated by the Iron Guard.
1942 – The Holocaust in Ukraine: On the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, Nazis send over 1,000 Jews of Pidhaitsi to Bełżec extermination camp.
1942 – The Holocaust in Ukraine: In Dunaivtsi, Ukraine, Nazis murder 2,588 Jews.
1942 – The Holocaust in Poland: At the end of Yom Kippur, Germans order Jews to permanently move from Konstantynów to Biała Podlaska.
1949 – The People's Republic of China is proclaimed.
1953 – Lieutenant No Kum-sok, a North Korean pilot, defects to South Korea with his jet fighter.
1964 – Malta gains independence from the United Kingdom, but remains in the Commonwealth.
1964 – The North American XB-70 Valkyrie, the world's fastest bomber, makes its maiden flight from Palmdale, California.
1972 – Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos begins authoritarian rule by declaring martial law.
1976 – Orlando Letelier is assassinated in Washington, D.C. He had been a member of the former Chilean Marxist government.
1991 – Armenia gains independence from the Soviet Union.
1993 – Russian President Boris Yeltsin triggers a constitutional crisis when he suspends parliament and scraps the constitution.
1996 – The Defense of Marriage Act is passed by the United States Congress.
1999 – The Chi-Chi earthquake occurs in central Taiwan, leaving about 2,400 people dead.
2003 – The Galileo spacecraft is terminated by sending it into Jupiter's atmosphere.
2013 – Al-Shabaab Islamic militants attack the Westgate shopping mall in Kenya, killing at least 67 people.
Year 455 (CDLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valentinianus and Anthemius. The denomination 455 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Marcus Maecilius Flavius Eparchius Avitus c. 380/395 – after 17 October 456 or in 457) was Western Roman Emperor from 8 or 9 July 455 to 17 October 456. He was a senator and a high-ranking officer both in the civil and military administration, as well as Bishop of Piacenza.
Year 1170 (MCLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
Year 580 (DLXXX) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 580 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Pope Vitalian reigned from 30 July 657 to his death in 672. He was born in Segni, Lazio, the son of Anastasius.
Year 953 (CMLIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
Year 19 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Thursday or Friday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Saturninus and Vespillo. The denomination 19 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the main method in Europe for naming years.
Publius Vergilius Maro, usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period. He wrote three of the most famous poems in Latin literature: the Eclogues, the Georgics, and the epic Aeneid. A number of minor poems, collected in the Appendix Vergiliana, are sometimes attributed to him.
Year 454 (CDLIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aetius and Studius. The denomination 454 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Armenia from the Soviet Union in 1991.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Belize from the United Kingdom in 1981.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Malta from the United Kingdom in 1964.
Saint Ephigenia of Ethiopia or Iphigenia of Ethiopia, also called Iphigenia of Abyssinia, is a folk saint whose life is told in the Golden Legend as a virgin converted to Christianity and then consecrated to God by St. Matthew the Apostle, who was spreading the Gospel to the region of "Ethiopia", which in this case is understood to be located in the regions south of the Caspian Sea, either in one of the provinces of Mesopotamia, or in Ancient Armenia (Colchis).
November 28 is the 332nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 33 days remaining until the end of the year.
↑ "Jihadists say launched border attack as 'revenge over film'". Ynetnews. 2012-09-23. Retrieved 2018-10-30.
↑ "Ex-Ukrainian PM Masol dies at 89 – media". Unian News. 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2018-09-26.
↑ "Do you remember the very best meme of September? - Vox". Vox.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to September 21 .


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Gregoire Poux-Guillaume was appointed Chief Executive Officer of Sulzer in 2015. He joined from General Electric, where he had been named CEO of GE Grid Solutions upon the closing of GE's takeover of Alstom's energy businesses. Previously, he was Executive Vice President of Alstom Group, member of the Executive Committee and served as President and CEO of Alstom Grid (2011 – 2015). From 2009 to 2011, he was a Senior Managing Director at CVC Capital Partners. Prior to this, he held various positions with Alstom Group (2003 – 2008), in technology venture capital with Softbank and in consulting with McKinsey & Company. Gregoire started his career in Exploration and Production with Total (1993 – 1997).


text:
Battle of the Pacific Forum : But is it really worth it?
by adminPosted on February 2, 2021 February 2, 2021
APIA: Today, leaders of the Pacific will decide who will be the next Secretary General of the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat (PIFS), the most contentious undertaking in recent history for the regional body.
As Dame Meg Taylor ends her six years as SG, five candidates have put their hats in the ring for the role, causing a political ruckus in an otherwise uneventful Taylor tenure. Many have analyzed the various political implications of the role, which lets face it, is an understandably coveted position with the usual trappings of a high-level posting in the Pacific. The holder will steer the direction of the Forum, rub shoulders with heads of Pacific Governments and from time to time represent the region in global affairs, of course the nice house, the six figure salary, diplomatic protection and black cruiser is also a nice addition.
The contenders, Marshall Islands UN ambassador Gerald Zackios, former Cook Islands Prime Minister Henry Puna, Tongan international civil servant Amelia Kinahoi Siamomua, former Fiji foreign minister Ratu Inoke Kubuabola and Solomon Islander Former DG of SPC Dr. Jimmie Rodgers.
All contenders are leaders and respected experts in their fields supported by their respective sub-regions. Their merits have been the focus of many articles on this issue, but there's been little focus on the actual effectiveness of the role in making meaningful change in a region which has become the most recent landscape for political power plays by the likes of China, US and the United Kingdom.
The Micronesian nations have threatened departure of their five member countries if their candidate Zackios is not appointed to the role. Many have pointed to the risk this would be for the stability of the region and the solidarity among Pacific nations. But the threat, although only time will tell if they follow through, is worth noting. If they depart, what do they actually stand to lose?
It's often argued that PIFS is the premier regional body of the Pacific and that it therefore automatically holds a valuable place in the governance and peaceful workings of the region. But, PIF has not added value to regional governance for a long time. It has added narrative to be certain, and has paid lip service to the collective will of the Pacific islands, but as an entity it has failed to constructively contribute to regionalism and represent the Pacific in a meaningful manner on a number of issues at the global front. Any efforts on environment, health, agriculture and other development issues, have fallen squarely on the shoulders of the council of regional organizations of the Pacific (CROP).
So for the Micronesian nations threatening to leave, the move may not necessarily have a negative impact on them, apart from the natural political ego bruises that come with such a move. PIF does note offer specific funding streams, regional programmatic presence, a voting bloc at major conventions or any notable technical support for these five nations that they cannot get elsewhere.
The five Micronesian nations will continue to benefit from the technical and substantive support of CROP agencies as they continue to be members of SPREP, SPC, FFA and others. As such, the benefits derived from these regional organizations will continue irrespective of Forum membership.
So, as the Leaders vote for the PIF SG today, one has to wonder, is the battle truly worth it, when the battleground leaves a lot to be desired.
Justin Fa'afia
Political Correspondent, Pacific Environment Weekly
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