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Brion, Maria; Allegue, Catarina; Santori, Montserrat; Gil, Rocio; Blanco-Verea, Alejandro; Haas, Cordula; Bartsch, Christine; Poster, Simone; Madea, Burkhard; Campuzano, Oscar; Brugada, Ramon; Carracedo, Angel (2012). Sarcomeric gene mutations in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Forensic Science International, 219(1-3):278-81.
In developed countries, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) represents the most prevalent cause of death in children between 1 month and 1 year of age. SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion, a negative autopsy which requires the absence of structural organ disease. Although investigators have confirmed that a significant percentage of SIDS cases are actually channelopathies, no data have been made available as to whether other sudden cardiac death-associated diseases, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), could be responsible for some cases of SIDS. The presence of a genetic mutation in the sarcomeric protein usually affects the force of contraction of the myocyte, whose weakness is compensated with progressive hypertrophy and disarray. However, it is unclear whether in the most incipient forms, that is, first years of life, the lack of these phenotypes still confers a risk of arrhythmogenesis. The main goal of the present study is to wonder whether genetic defects in the sarcomeric proteins, previously associated with HCM, could be responsible for SIDS. We have analysed 286 SIDS cases for the most common genes implicated in HCM in adults. A total of 680 mutations localised in 16 genes were analysed by semi-automated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF-MS) using the Sequenom MassARRAY(®) System. Ten subjects with completely normal hearts showed mutated alleles at nine of the genetic variants analysed, and one additional novel mutation was detected by conventional sequencing. Therefore, a genetic mutation associated with HCM may cause sudden cardiac death in the absence of an identifiable phenotype.


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Farewell to the Theatre
Richard Nelson
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Harley Granville Barker, the most influential theatre-maker of his time, finds himself adrift in America during the Great War. Estranged from the theatre, and with his spirit almost broken by an acrimonious divorce, he seeks refuge in the relative obscurity of a quiet, backwater, Williamstown, Massachusetts. He finds comfort in the congeniality of his fellow refugees and in the courtesy of strangers - and gradually begins to regain his faith in humanity and his belief in the central role of Theatre in the civilised community.
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Richard Nelson's plays include Farewell to the Theatre, Nikolai and the Others, Sweet and Sad, That Hopey Changey Thing, Conversations in Tusculum, How Shakespeare Won the West, Frank's Home, Rodney's wife, Franny's Way, Madame Melville, Goodnight Children Everywhere, The General From America, New England, Misha's Party (with Alexander Gelman), Columbus or the Discovery of Japan, Two Shakespearean Actors, Some Americans Abroad, Left, Life Sentences, Principia Scriptoriae.
He was written the musicals Unfinished Piece for a Player Piano (with Peter Golub), James Joyce's The Dead (with Shaun Davey), My Life With Albertine (with Ricky Ian Gordon), the screenplays for the films Hyde Park-on-Hudson (Roger Michell director) and Ethan Frome (John Madden director).
He has received numerous awards both in America and abroad, including a Tony Award (Best Book of a Musical for James Joyce's The Dead), and Oliver Award (Best Play for Goodnight Children Everywhere), Tony nominations (Best Play for Two Shakespearean Actors; Best Score as co-lyricist for James Joyce's The Dead), an Olivier nomination (Best Comedy for Some Americans Abroad), two Obies, a Lortel Award, a New York Drama Critics Circle Award, a Guggenheim Fellowship and a Lila Wallace-Readers' Digest Writers Award.
He is the recipient of the PEN/Laura Pels Master Playwright Award, an Academy Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and he is an Honorary Associate Artist of the Royal Shakespeare Company. He lives in upstate New York.
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Hardass With a Heart of Gold
Writer of The Wire and 16 hard-boiled novels—including his latest, The Way Home—George Pelecanos' tough-guy cred lets him cozy up to cops, help troubled teens, and advocate for legalizing pot.
John Douglas Marshall
Updated Jul. 14, 2017 12:53PM ET / Published May. 24, 2009 2:03AM ET
Chuck Kennedy, MCT / Landov
Writer of The Wire and 16 hard-boiled novels—including his latest, The Way Home— George Pelecanos' tough-guy cred lets him cozy up to cops, help troubled teens, and advocate for legalizing pot.
George Pelecanos refuses to follow the script. A respected crime writer with 16 novels to his credit, including one bestseller, his last three books have nevertheless ventured beyond that genre into 21st-century social realism, exploring the conflicted relationships between fathers and sons. Pelecanos wrote scripts for HBO's The Wire along with noted compatriots Dennis Lehane and Richard Price, but he also went beyond writing and produced some shows, hoping to better control future depictions of his work.
The 52-year-old writer, speaking before 25 people in Seattle, makes passing reference to the time at 17 when he shot a friend in the face with his father's .38.
Pelecanos comes across in person as a complex mix of contradictions—a soft-spoken hardass; a life-long lover of movie soundtracks and a devotee of eclectic indie bands (Richmond Fontaine, Silver Jews); a staunch crusader on juvenile-justice issues and marijuana legalization; a concerned husband and father of three minority children (all adopted from other countries); the proud owner of a Mustang GT Coupe modeled on the one that Steve McQueen muscled through the streets of San Francisco in Bullitt; a writing pro whose only career plan is improving each book even after such prolific output.
"I want to write a better one, so that is harder," Pelacanos says in Seattle. "I don't write a book just to write one anymore. It has to have something interesting behind it. And it is harder to find subjects now—I've used up a lot of the conventions, like a gun going off at the start of a book and developing what happened next."
Pelecanos' latest novel is his strongest departure from his earlier police and private detective fiction. The Way Home focuses first on Chris Flynn, a bad-attitude teen whose disdain for his middle-class upbringing lands him in juvenile jail, one of the few white boys in a District of Columbia lockup. Chris is a changed young man when he emerges a year later. His only job prospect is working for his father's carpet business and that fosters a shaky truce between them, although his father's acute disappointment in Chris and his choices still remains as transparent as a fake grin.
This affecting examination of awkward familial rapprochement ratchets into something even more intense when Chris and his fellow carpet installer pull up a cutout piece of flooring and discover a gym bag containing $50,000: " I've seen this movie, thought Chris. Innocent, basically good people found some money and decided to keep it, rationalizing their act because the cash belonged to no one...It always ended up bad." That Chris and Ben decide to let sleeping cash lie and install carpet over it suggests that fate will be averted, but it is soon undone by Ben's boozy, blabbing to a friend and two ultraviolent ex-cons who want to recover the stash. The story hurtles toward an ominous close while Chris is finally coming to this understanding about his father: "He's like most people. He's trying to be good, and most times he is."
Pelecanos admits there is more of himself in Chris than in his father. The 52-year-old writer, speaking before 25 people in Seattle, makes passing reference to the time at 17 when he shot a friend in the face with his father's .38, a horrifying accident that scarred both of them, even though no charges were filed. Pelecanos, who describes himself as "an emotional Greek" and "a screamer," expands on his wayward youth in an interview, saying, "I think back to being a kid and all that longing and confusion I experienced then. I am now a father myself and I love my sons, want only the best for them. Yet there are often inevitable disappointments with them and I always try to remember that I did some of the same shit myself. I should not let myself get tweaked if I find out they are smoking weed."
A moralist strand, tungsten-strong, runs through Pelecanos' character and his work. It shows in his unvarnished love for his hometown of Washington, D.C., the setting for all his novels ("It is a distinctly black city, like Atlanta and Detroit, but there is still so much inequality there—a microcosm for America itself. In other places, everybody knows there's racism but they don't like to talk about it. In Washington, I can get into an argument about it every day.").
It shows in Pelecanos' insistence on walking the streets and riding with the cops he depicts in his novels ("If people read my books, they know it's earned.... Some writers get what they know about crime from watching TV, but readers recognize that.") And it shows in his many visits to juvenile prisons and D.C. high schools where he talks about his troubled youth and what he has done since—his window in these days is through DVDs of The Wire. "All I am trying to do is reach one person. I'm not trying to save everybody—just pull one kid through the keyhole."
Pelecanos drifted plenty. He was in and out of the University of Maryland, including a stint running the diner owned by his father, a Marine Corps vet of World War II combat. Young George's spotty work history included dishwasher, bartender, salesman of women's shoes, manager of an appliance store, before he finally turned to writing novels in 1992. He had been a journalism and film major at Maryland until he belatedly discovered a course in crime fiction, reading John D. MacDonald, Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler. The course looked like a fine senior year coast through some hard-boiled paperbacks, certainly nothing life-changing.
"I was not interested in books I had to read in school before because they did not have anything to do with my world," Pelecanos remembers. "But those crime-fiction books were set in the working-class world I knew. I thought I could do that."
John Douglas Marshall was the longtime book critic for the Seattle Post-Intelligencer until it ceased publication in March.


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(Still) Making a Magazine in a Pandemic
Cailin Potami, Research Matters writer and Back Matter editor, reflects on the process of creating a magazine remotely with the Spring 2021 cohort of GPUB 6002:Multimedia Publishing Lab.
The Multimedia Publishing Lab course in the Creative Publishing and Critical Journalism (CPCJ) MA program at The New School for Social Research came highly recommended from fellow CPCJ MA student and former Research Matters writer Alexa Mauzy-Lewis, who wrote about the course last spring. But I had no intention of taking the course; it seemed like too much work during the last semester of graduate school.
But during the fall, it clicked for me. I couldn't think of a more gratifying way to sew up my strange, Zoom-mediated graduate school experience than by building something new with a group of people equally hungry to create.
Each spring, Multimedia Publishing Lab students produce an issue of Back Matter magazine under the supervision and guidance of Jon Baskin, instructor and Associate Director of CPCJ, and founding editor of The Point, and Jesse Seegers, CPCJ and Parsons instructor, and overall design expert. Each issue of Back Matter looks at the worlds of journalism and publishing through a different lens. With the exception of that loose guideline, each class has complete creative freedom over the magazine's vision.
Under typical circumstances, producing Back Matter is an intimidating endeavor. We had no idea how making a magazine from start to finish would go from our apartments, scattered across the country, as a pandemic raged around us.
The Multimedia Publishing Lab met over Zoom each week to create the third issue of Back Matter.
Yet from the beginning, the process went surprisingly smoothly. We built out our editorial, digital, and design teams, as well as a wonderful one-person marketing and communications department, Hannah Hightman, Bachelor's-Master's (BA/MA) student in the BPATS self-designed liberal arts program. I became co-editor-in-chief along with CPCJ MA student Miko Yoshida, and we worked to facilitate a vision of a magazine without rigid hierarchy or perfectionism, where we would strive to create something original and representative of each person's interests.
"The Back Matter media lab was a great learning experience for a number of reasons. It introduced me to the world of publishing and gave me an inside look at the process. It also gave me exposure to students with a wide range of skill sets," says Yoshida. "I enjoyed the collaborative aspect the most, which hinged on mutual trust and a common objective — to create something meaningful."
Traditionally, Back Matter prints articles that CPCJ students draft during the fall semester and workshop during the spring. While articles cover a wide range of topics, clear themes emerged, such as identity and community. A year into the pandemic, we've all been asking: What does it mean to be who I am? Who am I in relation to my communities — online and offline?
"The element of virtual collaboration and community in the time of COVID became a pinnacle of the theme of this issue, so it's only fitting that our collaborative efforts existed on platforms like Zoom, Slack, Miro, and Gmail," says Maya Bouvier-Lyons, CPCJ MA student and Back Matter art director. "I think our thoughts on the identity of the magazine were inevitably formed by those venues and avenues for communication."
CPCJ MA student Canon Crummey grounds the magazine in the journalism world with her piece "Remote Reporting Today: How Things are Changing (And Staying the Same).
Creative Director and CPCJ MA student Olivia Heller looks at artists using Instagram to reclaim the female form in "Window to Her Soul."
In her piece "The Honey of the Fruit Bearers," Eugene Lang literature student Daryn Coates asks challenging questions about the commodification of cultural and spiritual practices.
The design team commissioned the photo essay "This Is What Community Looks Like" from artist Isaiah Winters to show the often-overlooked aspects of mutual aid.
The editorial team worked with writers to help them grapple with these questions and highlight the themes already underlying their work. Jessie Mohkami, CPCJ MA student and executive editor alongside Nicole Collazo Santana, Eugene Lang Journalism + Design and CPCJ BA/MA student, reveled in this aspect of the work. "One of the best parts of being on Back Matter's editorial team was getting to collaborate with writers on their pieces from the beginning until the end," she says. "They brought their already strong pieces from last semester and we got to work together on how to cut down and shape the pieces. I've often been in classes where I've suggested edits or additions to a piece and I never get to find out what happens, but seeing the process through with the writers was so rewarding."
The design team, led by Bouvier-Lyons and Olivia Heller, CPCJ MA student, represented questions of identity and community by incorporating collage as well as digital design cues into the print magazine, which Dalia Amellal, Back Matter print designer and Parsons Theories of Urban Design MA student, masterfully pieced together.
"I'm so grateful for the opportunity this class granted me to be on the design side of things for a change," says Bouvier-Lyons. "I was able to use an entirely different skill set from what I'm used to—thinking more visually about the big picture of the publication, and the smaller details that make up that whole."
Likewise, the digital team — digital editor Sophie Lee, Journalism + Design BA student, and web designers Greg Coleman, CPCJ MA student, and Kevin Martinez, Journalism + Design BA student — brought collage to life online, thoughtfully adding analog and print notes. Together, we created something thoughtful, cohesive, and daring.
The Back Matter digital design team incorporated elements of collage and print, like in the website header (above).
It sounds cliché, but communication, compassion, and trust really made the magazine's production possible across Zoom, Slack, and Miro. As managing editor, Christina Santi, CPCJ MA student, did the impossible — she kept everyone on task and on schedule across various time zones, on top of communicating with the printer, managing the budget, and working on her own piece for the magazine, "Can Fashion Sew Up Its Racism Problem?". At the same time, Santi and the whole team made space for each other, listening intently to ideas and challenges, and always acknowledging the tremendous difficulty of navigating school, life, a magazine, and a pandemic. Each week in class, Yoshida took care to remind us that the magazine is a great learning experience, an opportunity to take on ambitious ideas without fear of failure, but ultimately, everyone's wellbeing must come first.
"It takes a lot of trust and collaboration to create a magazine, and though that can be difficult to build virtually, I think the whole class was invested in making that a reality," says Mohkami. "While there were some challenges presented by the virtual nature of the class, I think the entire team rose to the occasion and put in the time, effort, and communication to compensate for that factor," agrees Bouvier-Lyons. "In a lot of ways, I think this would be a very different issue had we all been working on it together in a classroom."
The print magazine — complete with thoughtful articles, an interactive online-in-print adventure, fun games, striking photos, and more — is hot off the presses, and its digital counterpart is now live. It has been an extraordinary gift to work on this magazine, and an experience I'll carry with me forever.
Please join us at the Back Matter launch party, which will take place over Zoom on Wednesday, May 5th, at 7:00PM.
Cailin Potami is a writer, an editor, and a student in the Creative Publishing and Critical Journalism MA program. They live in Queens with their cats, Linguini and Tortellini.
Cailin Potami
Aaron Jakes on Egypt, Capitalism, and the Development of Economism
Via his debut book, Jakes offers a new perspective on Egypt under British occupation — and on the United States today
A history book can reflect the peoples and worlds researched as much as of the world unfolding around its author. As Aaron Jakes, Assistant Professor of History at The New School for Social Research and Eugene Lang College, wrote his first book, archival research brought him through worlds of bureaucrats, peasants, journalists, and spies, as financial crises, civil unrest, revolt, and populism electrified the world around him.
Research Matters sat down (virtually) with Jakes to discuss that book, Egypt's Occupation: Colonial Economism and the Crises of Capitalism (Stanford University Press, 2020), and how looking at Egypt more than 100 years ago can help us understand not only modern Egypt but also political and economic thought today.
Jakes started working on the book in its first form — his doctoral thesis — in 2007. As he looked at ways that cotton farmers borrowed money in the early 20th century, he couldn't help but notice parallels with the Great Recession of 2007-2009. In both periods, the growing influence of financial institutions — financialization —characterized political life. "In a moment in which everyone was thinking about finance, it became possible to start thinking about a contemporary moment in which we had parallel discourses of financial and ecological crisis that were treated as though these were completely separate phenomena," Jakes says. "And so the first cut at the project in light of that present moment was to begin thinking about what it would mean to write an environmental history of a prior moment of financialization."
Information Access and Control
Digging back more than a century meant Jakes spent years doing research in archives around the world, including Egypt's National Archives, the United States Library of Congress, and financial archives across England. But gaining access to those materials wasn't easy.
Egyptian intelligence agencies maintain strict surveillance over the country's National Archives. Amid a time of water-related conflict with Egypt's neighbors to the south, Jakes' application was left in limbo for his use of the word "irrigation". Jakes enlisted the support of his doctoral supervisor, who then enlisted Egyptian political novelist and journalist Gamal al-Ghitani to pressure the archive director, culminating in a "scathing" op-ed in Akhbar al-Adab, the Egyptian equivalent of the New York Review of Books. The strategy was effective, but Jakes still spent the following three years navigating bureaucratic and technological barriers to information.
"Computerized control actually makes it possible for [the intelligence agencies] to monitor and restrict who can see what, so the cataloging process itself made it possible to just cause huge swaths of documents to 'disappear'," Jakes explains. While he was ultimately able to access the resources he needed, he laments that his Egyptian colleagues, without the same degree of foreign institutional support, don't have the same access — another lasting effect of colonialism.
As his research progressed, a narrative emerged that contradicted the widely-accepted understanding of the British occupation of Egypt, which is rooted in the notion that colonial rule simply consolidated an earlier set of economic arrangements and that ideas about economic life played no significant role in the major movements and struggles of that era. Through his detailed research in both government and banking archives, Jakes pieced together a far more dynamic story about Egypt's role as a major investment frontier for global finance and about the multiple crises that this process of financialization induced. This new history of capitalism under British rule, in turn, shed new light on the commentaries that Egyptians at the time, from government officials in Cairo to poor peasants in the countryside, offered about the problems they faced. The pages of Egypt's burgeoning Arabic press likewise became a site for rich and sustained debate about the consequences of the British occupation. And because colonial officials were so emphatic and consistent in their claims about how economic improvement would translate into political legitimacy, developing a rigorous, alternative account of the relationship between economics and politics soon became central concern of Egypt's growing nationalist movement.
Economism and Trump
Jakes earned his PhD in 2015 and joined The New School's Historical Studies department shortly after. As he worked on turning his dissertation into his first book, a new event influenced his writing: the election of Donald Trump.
"It was striking that explanations both for the [Bernie] Sanders phenomenon and for Trump's election often entailed some suggestion that there was a kind of base motive of economic grievance that really explained what was going on," Jakes says. This is called economism, the attribution of political effects to underlying economic causes.
To this day, economism is often treated as a unique and even defining problem of the left, which, Jakes argues, obscures other important forms. Whereas various thinkers on the left have seen ideas about economic determination as the grounds for a universalist politics, Jakes shows that such claims can just as easily assume a particularistic and exclusionary character. Often entailed in this latter variant of economism is an implicit, racialized judgment about the "kinds of people" who can't engage in sophisticated politics beyond "base economic motives" — precisely the same rhetoric the British employed to justify their continued occupation of Egypt.
While Egypt's Occupation never explicitly makes this connection, the parallels are there. Chapter two, for example, highlights the way the British used economism to justify abolishing the system of local elections that Egyptians had long practiced on a village level by arguing that they were not qualified to participate in even the most local politics because of a supposed inability to overcome their economic self-interest.
"If there's one thing that I really want people to understand," says Jakes, "it's that making claims about a kind of strong underlying economic motivation in politics is…often a way of making claims about political disqualification, and actually means that in this country, as in Egypt a hundred years ago, when people are talking about the economy, they often are really talking about race."
Bringing Research Questions into the Classroom
The day after NSSR spoke with Jakes, he taught a chapter of Egypt's Occupation in his Lang survey course on Middle Eastern history, marking the first time he's brought his work directly into the classroom. But teaching has long given him new ways to think about the problems at the center of his research.
"There are moments in which I have actually taught about a topic that I am sort of starting to get my head around," Jakes said. He often designs courses not necessarily around the research he's done, but rather based on problems that appear in his work, such as "A World of Disasters: Famine, Plague, and Crisis in Global History," which he calls "an attempt to…chart a history of concepts and ideas about disasters and the way that meaning had attached to them in different social settings."
Jakes credits students — especially his NSSR research assistants — as well as faculty across The New School in helping this first book project come to fruition. The university has, he says "a really special kind of ecology to make serious critical research both possible and fun." Grants from NSSR, Lang, and NSSR's Heilbroner Center for Capitalism Studies helped him complete this work.
It's fitting, then, that the November 9 launch event for Egypt's Occupation is a full NSSR affair, with faculty members from Historical Studies as well as Anthropology, Politics, and Sociology joining Jakes to discuss the book as well as the fallout from colonialism and financial occupation. Register for the book launch here.
Photo credit: Nina Subin
Social Research on Plagues
The journal's update of 1988's "In Time of Plague" examines the human history of pandemics and what it means for the current moment
"After decades of dividing our time between apocalyptic fears of nuclear holocaust and private fears of personal ruin, we now face a threat that is profoundly social, requiring a public, community response. Most of us until recently have assumed, perhaps without thinking, that the number of life-threatening infectious diseases was finite, soon to be cured and prevented by medical science…. Now it appears that this idea—that we stand outside our own history, that we, unlike our forebears, are immune to widespread medical disasters—is very doubtful."
This description feels very poignant in the midst of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Yet these are the words Arien Mack used to introduce the Fall 1988 issue of Social Research, which addressed the HIV/AIDS crisis. Called "In Time of Plague," the special issue followed the journal's first-ever public conference, "In Time of Plague: The History and Social Consequences of Lethal Epidemic Disease." Now, more than 30 years later, Social Research is publishing a new issue with the same title this summer — on COVID-19.
NSSR's Flagship Journal
"Social Research has been a part of The New School for Social Research since its beginning," Mack says. Founded as an international quarterly in 1934, one year after The New School's first president created the University in Exile as a refuge for scholars forced to flee Hitler's Europe, Social Research aimed to create a public voice for the growing university. The flagship NSSR journal now operates in partnership with the school's Center for Public Scholarship (CPS), founded and directed by Mack, which is dedicated to promoting "free inquiry and public discussion, bringing the best scholarship in and outside of the academy to bear on the critical and contested issues of our times."
Arien Mack, Alfred and Monette Marrow Professor of Psychology, became editor of Social Research in 1970. Under her leadership, Social Research pivoted to thematic issues, and from 1988 onward paired some of them with large public conferences that explore current, pressing social issues in their historical contexts. Past issues have looked at such complex concepts as loyalty, fairness, and unknowability, as well as more focused subjects like the future of Cuba and transitions to and then from democracy. As Mack said in a 2020 Public Seminar interview with Jim Miller, Professor of Politics and Liberal Studies and Director of the Creative Publishing and Critical Journalism program, "Had I been in any other university, I would have been [only an experimental] psychologist. I would have published, probably more academic research. But I would not have had the kind of extraordinary run of intellectual fun that [editing] Social Research has offered me."
"We held our first funded conference at a moment where there was an enormous amount of hysteria around the HIV-AIDS crisis," Mack says of the program, whose proceedings were published in the 1988 "In Time of the Plague" issue. Her intention in organizing the conference was to examine the epidemic in light of the long human history of plagues, with the goal of fostering open dialogue among scholars and scientists, combating misinformation around AIDS, and offering a more effective and nuanced public response.
The Right Time to Republish
"Pandemics and plagues have been with us since the beginning of time," Mack continues. "There are things we have learned and things we have ignored. It occurred to us that this was a great moment to republish this issue and invite authors, some who contributed to the first issue and some new contributors, to comment on the new pandemic."
Cara Schlesinger, Managing Editor of Social Research, underscores this point. "One of the important takeaways from this issue," she says, "is that there were lessons that were learned during the AIDS crisis and lessons that were forgotten… and when we forget history, we risk repeating it. Almost every event we [at Social Research] have done has addressed that idea in some way and tried to bring the past to bear on the present. Unfortunately, this time the past we are reminded of is very recent. Despite all of the powers and pressures working against that memory, maybe this time we will do a little better at remembering."
The COVID-19 edition of In Time of Plague is divided into two sections. The new essays that comprise the first section navigate the moral dilemmas, inequalities, and misinformation that shadow the COVID-19 pandemic, drawing comparisons to the AIDS crisis. The second section republishes the complete collection of original papers. Contributors of both the original and new material were drawn from across disciplines.
Charles Rosenberg, Emeritus Professor of the History of Science at Harvard University, wrote a paper in 1988 on the definition of disease as well as a new piece on shaping a pandemic narrative. Willam Foege, former executive director of the Carter Center and famed epidemiologist, originally published "Plagues: Perceptions of Risk and Social Responses" and has now contributed an essay entitled "Plague Revisited." New contributors include Teresa Ghilarducci, NSSR's Schwartz Professor of Economics and Policy Analysis and director of the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis, with "When Economists Take a Back Seat to Virologists"; William Hirst, NSSR's Malcolm B. Smith Professor of Psychology, on how the pandemic will be remembered; Mariano Aguirre, advisor to the Human Rights Institute, on the connections between inequality and the impacts of COVID-19; and Mary T. Bassett, former commissioner of health for New York City, who explores how "epidemics track along the fissures of our society, exacting the highest toll among the marginalized, discriminated, and excluded."
The Center for Public Scholarship will also be holding a two-part public webinar series to launch the new edition of In Time of Plague. See more information and register here.
The first panel, "Inequalities and Plague," will be held Wednesday, August 5, 12:30-2:00 p.m. EDT. Panelists include Ghilarducci, Aguirre, and Bassett, as well as Ahmed Bawa, Chief Executive Officer of Universities South Africa.
The second panel, "Comparing Plagues: AIDS and COVID-19," will be held Wednesday, August 12, 12:30-2:00 p.m. EDT and will be moderated by Ron Bayer, elected member of the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Panelists include Foege; Ruth Macklin, Distinguished University Professor Emerita of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Gerald Oppenheimer, Professor of Clinical Sociomedical Sciences at Columbia University; and David A. J. Richards, Edwin D. Webb Professor of Law at New York University.
Since its first issue, Social Research has aimed to preserve the founding ideals of The New School for Social Research and to make intellectual inquiry around social and political issues more accessible for the New York community and beyond. In the introduction of this new issue, Mack writes, "It is my hope that by reissuing our 1988 issue, with new comments by experts on how the current COVID-19 pandemic resembles and differs from the AIDS epidemic, we will once again help our readers better understand what is happening now and what we might expect."
Alexa Mauzy
Who Climbs the Academic Ladder?
NSSR PhD Economics students publish paper on career trajectories of Black and Hispanic economists and sociologists
Across disciplines, academia is reckoning with its own whiteness. In 2017, 76 percent of university faculty members in the United States were white. While racial diversity has increased over the past two decades, professors are still much more likely than their students to be white.
The path to tenure is riddled with obstacles. White men are the most likely to become full-time professors, and as a result are more likely to set the agenda and priorities for departments and academic institutions. They receive the highest salaries and positions of power, creating a cycle and social atmosphere that can be difficult to infiltrate.
In collaboration with the American Sociological Association (ASA), two Economics PhD candidates and one Economics PhD alum from The New School for Social Research (NSSR) co-authored three papers on the academic barriers that underrepresented minority (URM) PhD graduates and faculty members face. Published in the Review of Black Political Economy — the leading peer-reviewed journal for research on the economic status of African-Americans and the African diaspora throughout the world — their main paper, "Who Climbs the Academic Ladder? Race and Gender Stratification in a World of Whiteness," looks at the career trajectory of Black and Latino economists and sociologists. The other two publications explore the experiences of women of color in economics and sociology how "raced" organizations influence the tenure process for faculty members in sociology.
Economics PhD candidates Kyle K. Moore and Ismael Cid-Martinez (left to right in cover photo) worked alongside Jermaine Toney, Assistant Professor of Economics at Rutgers University and an NSSR Economics PhD 2017 alum, to co-author the papers with other scholars of economics and sociology; Roberta Spalter-Roth, PhD, Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Social Science Research, and Amber Kalb, a PhD candidate in sociology at George Mason University spearheaded the work demonstrating how the social sciences exclude women of color from intellectual legitimacy. Other co-authors include Jean H. Shin, PhD, and Jason A. Smith, PhD, of the ASA. The team presented their findings at the 2019 American Economic Association annual meetings and in 2018 as working papers.
Using a sample population of Black and Latino students in the U.S. who graduated from PhD programs between 1995 and 2006, they set out to uncover what percentage of these URM scholars in sociology or economics succeed in moving up the academic career ladder, identify the existing social structures that can prevent them from doing so, and lay out policy recommendations to remedy the lack of diversity.
Moore and Cid-Martinez spoke with Research Matters over Zoom to discuss the interdisciplinary nature of "Who Climbs the Academic Ladder" and what this work means for the future of economics, and academia at large.
Of Economists and Sociologists
Moore and Cid-Martinez are in the last year of their PhD programs, currently working on their dissertations, and both are former research assistants at NSSR's Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis. Moore is also a Senior Policy Analyst with the Joint Economic Committee in the U.S. Congress, while Cid-Martinez is a consultant for UNICEF's Data and Analytics Unit. They got involved in the project when ASA approached NSSR's Department of Economics about comparing faculty diversity within economics and sociology.
"There was a lot of energy behind wanting to compare the two disciplines, to see whether or not things were different for underrepresented minority scholars in economics versus sociology," Moore says. "We were asking the same questions, looking at pipeline problems with diversifying both disciplines and asking which things matter in becoming a tenured professor."
Cid-Martinez added, "Despite the fact that they are often treated as disparate fields, both sociology and economics share similar concerns with issues of inequality and inter-group disparities."
"Our project invokes W.E.B. Du Bois, who is the shared heritage of economics and sociology, having completed coursework in economics and spearheaded sociological inquiries on stratification," Toney says.
For "Who Climbs the Academic Ladder? Race and Gender Stratification in a World of Whiteness," the researchers set out to measure stratification by the distribution of academic rank and examine differences based on discipline, institution type, race/ethnicity, gender, and publications in terms of academic career success. To understand the exclusivity of academia in economics and sociology, the researchers embarked on a labor-intensive, mixed-methodologies approach, reviewing the resumes and CVs of PhD cohorts in the two fields between 1995 and 2006. They reasoned that these graduates should have had enough time to have moved from tenure-track assistant professors to tenured associate professors within eight years, though not all did so, and some should have had time to become full professors within 14 years.
"One of the main contributions that we wanted to have with the paper is that we wanted it to be non-intrusive," Moore says. "So we didn't want to have to rely exclusively on survey data. We wanted to be able to identify folks and gather as much data in a secondary way as possible to build out the trajectory of their careers."
This is where the interdisciplinary nature of the project became crucial. "That intensive sort of mixed methods research is not something economists typically do," Moore says. "But our sociologist colleagues were more familiar with doing that type of work."
Together, they discovered that the career paths of URM faculty can be limited due to a process that legitimates a non-Hispanic White male set of rules and practices, including value-neutrality — the idea that a researcher must be totally impartial — and objectivity.
One of the major frameworks for the study was the idea of social and human capital and its relationship to advancing an academic career path. There is, of course, the well-known aphorism in academia of "publish or perish" — meaning that how often and in which journals scholars publish work can be a critical metric in the tenure process. Their findings confirmed that publications are likely the most significant measure leading to promotion. But authoring and getting an article to publication goes much deeper. "Having a group of people to relate to and publish work with and co-author with, build relationships with, is key," Moore says.
As a discipline, sociology was founded upon the idea of social stratification, or classifying groups of people based on inequalities in power and resources. Applying this approach to economics illuminated how, traditionally, the discipline focuses on the individual rather than looking at larger social structures. The emphasized focus on publication status and other forms of human capital perpetuates a system of exclusivity. By bringing social theory into economics, the researchers were able to identify how critical inclusive social networks can be to progressing a career in academia.
"These disciplines don't account for the fact that minority faculty do a lot of service work with respect to minority students, and that's not often captured in determining who gets tenure, who doesn't get tenure, whether or not those support networks exist in those fields," Moore says. Participation in 'raced' organizations and activities was similarly devalued, and URM faculty who did not receive tenure likely dropped out of academia and found alternative employment. "I think that's the case for the social sciences more broadly. A lot of these insights from the paper are going to be able to apply more broadly."
Looking Inward and Ahead at The New School
Broadening the scope of traditional economics and fostering interdisciplinary approaches is at the core of NSSR. "One of the advantages coming from the New School and our department is that we started with a very pluralistic, or heterodox, perspective in looking at economics" Cid-Martinez says. "So that in itself provided us with a different lens from which to view and treat these issues."
"The paper itself is a product of The New School," Moore says. "More people should do more interdisciplinary work and The New School encourages that in its curriculum. I think it's a very valuable thing to do just as a scholar."
While the New School provided the perfect environment to build out this research, no institution is immune from reflecting on faculty diversity. "We make important recommendations in the paper," Cid-Martinez says. "They have a lot to do with not just stopping at diversity hiring. That's part of the solution, but it's not enough. We share a responsibility to bring in underrepresented minorities to enrich diversity of representation, methods, and thought, but it is even more important to make sure that they have positive opportunities to climb the academic ladder, that they feel included in their universities and departments, and that they are part of the conversation about the direction in which these need to move. These recommendations are pretty universal; they apply to disciplines outside of the social sciences and even to the most progressive universities and departments in the country."
These papers have gained widespread attention within the greater economics field. With the momentum of national discourse around internalized racism in hiring structures, Moore and Cid-Martinez are hoping to continue the work and move forward these conversations.
"What we studied were the things that allowed folks to gain access to tenure in the eight years after their initial cohort in our sample population," Moore says. "But moving forward, there are new areas of social capital that are important that we haven't considered. The main one that's big on my mind right now is EconTwitter," a community of economists active on the social media platform. "Twitter is a relatively new and important vehicle that is driving impact in the profession and academia more generally. I suspect that participation on that platform may be a valuable tool for URM scholars in leveling the playing field. A junior scholar can put their ideas out there and have them be digested in the same format and reach as an established academic."
These new ways of putting out work and rising within disciplines could be extremely relevant to changing the structure of academia, and deciding who climbs the career ladder towards tenure.
Moore, K. K., Cid-Martinez, I., Toney, J., Smith, J. A., Kalb, A. C., Shin, J. H., & Spalter-Roth, R. M. (2018). Who Climbs the Academic Ladder? Race and Gender Stratification in a World of Whiteness. The Review of Black Political Economy, 45(3), 216–244. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034644618813667
Spalter-Roth, R., Shin, J. H., Smith, J. A., Kalb, A. C., Moore, K. K., Cid-Martinez, I., & Toney, J. (2019). "Raced" Organizations and the Academic Success of Underrepresented Minority Faculty Members in Sociology. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 5(2), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332649218807951
Spalter-Roth, R., & Kalb, A. C. (2019). Women of Color in Economics and Sociology: Poor Climate, Unequal Treatment, and Lack of Legitimacy. Institute for Women's Policy Research. https://iwpr.org/publications/race-ethnicity-economics-sociology-inequality/
Federico Finchelstein on his new book, A Brief History of Fascist Lies
In an interview with NSSR students, Finchelstein discusses the changing nature of truth
Federico Finchelstein, Professor of History, returns to studying the history of fascism to understand the current political moment. His new book, A Brief History of Fascist Lies (University of California Press, 2020) is a companion to his 2019 book, From Fascism to Populism in History (University of California Press). This latest work explores the new terrain of "post-truth" and "fake news," while investigating the long lineage of fascist leaders weaponizing lies.
Emmanuel Guerisoli, Sociology and History PhD candidate, and Ihor Andriichuk, Politics PhD student, sat down over Zoom with Finchelstein to discuss the inspiration behind his research and how lies define politics today.
Left to right: Guerisoli and Andriichuk
Listen to the full conversation here:
An excerpt of the edited transcript of the discussion is below
On why this book, now
Guerisoli: I wanted to start with a basic question. You mention at the beginning of the book a series of events like the El Paso shooting and a Christchurch shooting in New Zealand that in a way triggered the idea to write this book. Do you want to talk more about that, why you're writing this book now?
Finchelstein: Those events happened almost by the end of the writing…This [book] is a kind of continuation of a longstanding worry about how and why people believe in fascists, what makes that fascism successful? One of the issues that makes it successful is that these outrageous ideas become a matter of belief. They spread throughout, motivating a lot of people to not only believe, but also to kill in its name, to exert a lot of violence in its name. So the two examples that you mention, Emmanuel, are rather examples from the end of the story.
This book is a kind of continuation of a longstanding worry about how and why people believe in fascists
Finchelstein
….After finishing my work, From Fascism to Populism in History, I wanted to return to some questions that I have been addressing before. This started in a way with a conference that I gave in Italy in the mid-2000s. This was like a longer question of why people believe in fascism and why that belief moves beyond empirical demonstration to be a world of fantasy which, ironically, is believed and presented as true.
Andriichuk: You mention at the very end of the book that you actually started working on this book in 2013, after this conference in Italy. In the introduction, you say that fascists and populists are playing in a league of their own. And if to speak from today about 2013 and the period between those dates, is this league increasing or declining?
Finchelstein: What I mean by that is that all politicians lie. And lying is not an issue which depends on a particular ideology. All ideologies eventually engage with lies and often propaganda. What I mean when I say that they play in a league of their own is that most other political traditions generally do not believe their lies. I think that is an important distinction. The other part of that distinction is that not only do these people believe in their lies, but also they believe that their lies are the truth. Even reality does not correlate to that belief, hat they do is try to change reality and in the book I present many examples of this.
Lying is not an issue which depends on a particular ideology. All ideologies eventually engage with lies and often propaganda. What I mean when I say that they play in a league of their own is that most other political traditions generally do not believe their lies.
One of them is one of the most dramatic assumptions of these beliefs…is the belief in an anti-Semitic lie…that states that Jews are dirty and they spread disease. They are sometimes presented a virus themselves. This is a lie, and hat the Nazis did with this is to create an artificial war in which this lie could turn into a reality. Jews were, of course, not spreading disease per se, but once they were put in horrible conditions, in ghettos and concentration camps, they didn't have food, they didn't have sanitary conditions and so on and so forth. They eventually became ill and certainly spread disease, but they only did so not because that was true, but rather because the Nazis turned their lies into situations which became the truth. But that truth itself is a lie because it's the effect or the outcome of turning lies into reality.
On believing lies
Guerisoli: Something that I found really quite striking from your book is…that you make a difference that lying is something that also liberalism does. But as you just said, liberalism doesn't believe…
Finchelstein: Or communism.
Guerisoli: Exactly, they don't believe their own lies. One could…say, well, liberalism or
communism might be hypocritical, but fascism is a dangerous, sincere type of ideology. The issue is that what you are saying is that also the lying is racist, it is based on this idea that certain communities of people, certain races, certain ethnicities, are superior or have a sacred space in the world. Their leaders appear able to reveal a "sacred old truth" that certain spaces or certain people are sacred and therefore they need to act upon it. And this is, going back to the El Paso and Christchurch shootings, the idea of the replacement theory, that these people believe that migrants or foreigners of people who are not white or Christians are invading and spreading disease, or contaminating, polluting the romanticized idea of their society.
Finchelstein: ….This is exactly what I want to say. It involves racism because fascism historically has been racist. So basically, the idea of truth in fascism, which is, of course, a lie for the rest of us, is a racist lie. It involves demonization, discrimination, and racism. And there uou see the connection between the past and the present.
And here I would like to stress a distinction between the current populism and far-right populism, the current one…I mean Trump, I mean Bolsonaro, I mean Orban, I mean Narendra Modi and others, is that as opposed to most populists in history — starting with Juan Peron to Silvio Berlusconi or Hugo Chavezmeaning populism left and right — they did not exactly engage with lies in the same way. They were much more pragmatic, closer to the liberalism way of lying. Whereas what Trump and Bolsonaro share, not with the populists in history but with the fascists themselves is the idea, this belief in their own lies. A good example of this is that we have a lie that divides us, the lie being that you don't need a mask to protect yourself from the virus. Even in this country now, people are divided across two ideological lines. I mean, you wear a mask if you believe in science. You don't wear a mask if you believe in Trump. But Trump himself exposes himself to the disease because he doesn't wear a mask. There you have a perfect demonstration of how he believes in his own lies.
I think here you see the connection between populism and fascism in a very particular way. The current populism, the current post-fascism, is very different to the post-fascist populism of the past. It's different in the sense that it is racist, it glorifies violence and also lies as fascists lie.
That connects them not only with the fascists of the past…but also with the fascists of the present, as these terrorists that you were talking about. So this terrorism involves the same lies and even kill, as the fascists did, for these lies. But these lies are also the lies that are being involved by Trump. I mean, this idea of replacement, this idea of invasion. Sometimes it's even verbatim, that these terrorists use the same words that Trump is using. So Trump is not responsible for their violence, but is enabling it. I mean, he's not legally responsible for the violence, but he has a responsibility…He's spreading the same lies as they do.
A good example of this is that we have a lie that divides us, the lie being that you don't need a mask to protect yourself from the virus. Even in this country now, people are divided across two ideological lines. I mean, you wear a mask if you believe in science. You don't wear a mask if you believe in Trump.
On the psychoanalytic history of lying
Andriichuk: ….In the book…you're stressing that this kind of fascist lie and populist lie is not conscious or intentional. So the person who is lying does not necessarily imply there is a lie. So there is not necessarily a knowledge of this lie.
Finchelstein: Sometimes.
Andriichuk: So it's kind of subconscious or a gray area. You approach this matter from a psychoanalytical point, and this matter is revealing. My question would be what those populist or fascist lies might reveal in themselves.
Finchelstein: So there are a couple of things….From Hitler, Mussolini, Goebbels, at some level…they recognize that these lies were lies. But even then, the idea was that these lies were servicing the truth, or were enabling the truth, or were at the service of the truth. Sometimes in a minimal way, they were acknowledging to some extent that they were lying for the truth, rendering these in a way smaller than the truth, which was an ideological one, such as racism. Even if this particular person is not spreading disease at the current moment, they insisted on the fact that this person was spreading disease because at the end of the day, what mattered was the big truth, as they understood it. Even Hitler himself will say about the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which is one of the craziest lies of anti-Semitism and racism…When they asked Hitler about this, Hitler would say, "Even if there are aspects of the Protocols that are not correct or true, they speak to a greater truth." …. Now, regarding the question of psychoanalysis, as you know from the book, there are different levels of this. The book is about how the fascists understood their lying, but also how anti-fascists at the time were trying to think about the lies of fascism. Among these anti-fascists, many of them were very interested in psychoanalysis, starting, of course, with Freud…but also people like Adorno, people like Mariátegui…Many of them thought that the concepts of psychoanalysis and its approach to the unconscious could help us understand this irrational belief in a form of truth that basically rejects empirical demonstration but have faith as truth in emerging in the inner being.
Traditional media still are looking for a middle ground that doesn't exist.
At the beginning of the book, I quote Trump, Hitler, and Mussolini. I compare their understanding of the truth, which of course is quite similar. The truth is not being based on empirical demonstration. Perhaps the most explicit among the three of them…is Trump, who says, "Don't believe in what you are seeing." How can you not believe in what you are seeing?..This is extremely irrational, and the unconscious has an important role to play… The other level is that…the fascists themselves were quite obsessed with psychoanalysis. There is a chapter on this issue…and why they thought that psychoanalysis was so problematic for fascism.
Guerisoli: …I wanted to point out that this issue connects to the idea of race, because in the end,… the concern is that Freud is attacking the idea of myth, but particularly what is sacred to fascists, which in this sense would be the nation, particularly for fascists. It's not that Freud is directly attacking fascists, although in the end he will, but that
by attacking the idea of anything that is sacred as something that is not truth, then what fascists are saying is that "Freud is saying this because he's a Jew and not loyal to the nation and therefore he's a virus in our own societies. And you see going around not just in Europe, but also in Latin America, with the clerical fascism types, from Mexico to Argentina.
With the case of Trump, or at least today…you mentioned also that what's most dangerous is this relationship between conspiracy theories that are believed by a lot of people, but then public officials like Bolsanaro or Trump talk about them as if not facts, but as possibilities that should be addressed and discussed as they have enough evidence of any other type of historical facts. You add to that liberal societies with new media, you have the perfect environment for these to become mainstream, like birther conspiracy and everything else.
Finchelstein: The point here and the problem here is that it's very hard to discuss lies. Generally, in a rational discussion…arguments need to be supported by facts. Now, if you have on one hand an anti-fascist critique that is supported by facts, and on the other hand pure racist fantasies and xenophobic fantasies, on the other hand there is no middle ground. So that's why, sometimes, traditional media still are looking for a middle ground that doesn't exist. Because quite simply, as many of the anti-fascists from the 1970s and 40s pointed out ,on one side, there is the truth and on the other one is fascist lies….you will see sometimes the New York Times…when Trump says something outrageous, or I will say, Trump says something outrageous about the coronavirus. So Trump says there is a miracle cure; experts disagree, somehow implying there are two sides. There are not two sides. Trump is lying; science tells you otherwise.
June 29, 2020 November 19, 2020
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Public Seminar
Frederick Douglass on Multiracial Democracy
Douglass's conception of multiracial democracy envisioned the political coexistence on egalitarian terms of individuals of "all races and creeds" as fellow citizens. He called for a "composite nationality" anchored in the idea of a universal human right to migration and the political legacy of the Americas as a multiracial continent. ...Read More
Juliet Hooker
Alexis de Tocqueville on Democracy and Its Culture
On the central problems of race, gender and sexuality, and class, Tocqueville is not the best of guides in considering today's crisis of democracy in America. Nonetheless, I still think that Tocqueville has much to offer in understanding America and the present crisis in our democracy....Read More
Jeffrey C. Goldfarb
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I talk to sociologist Jamie McCallum about his new book, Essential: How the Pandemic Transformed the Long Fight for Worker Justice...Read More
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text:
Q: How to grant access to authenticated users in Tomcat 5.5.x? I'd like to be grant access to authenticated users in my web application without requiring them to be a member of a specific role.
My first guess was to specify <role-name>*</role_name> in my auth-constraint, however it seems that this just means grant access to any role defined in my web-app, not grant access to any authenticated user.
Is it possible to do this in Tomcat 5.5.x and if so how?

A: As it turns out, Tomcat does support this. In the server.xml, add allRolesMode = authOnly
in the appropriate Realm tag.

A: I think the direct answer is no, you can't do that in Java EE 5. But you could create an "everyone" role which every authenticated user is a part of. I think that's what John is getting at, and is how I would do it. It's really not much different.
Alternatively, if you're willing to do this programmatically, and are using container-managed authentication, you should be able to detect an authenticated user by checking whether HttpServletRequest.getRemoteUser() isn't null. That doesn't involve roles.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Palmarès

Club

Competizioni nazionali

Monaco: 1981-1982

Monaco: 1984-1985

Monaco: 1985

Collegamenti esterni

Calciatori della Nazionale algerina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Posted on May 13, 2017 | Comments Off on Happy Mother's Day! Bring Mom to Lunch today. She might let you steal a fry.
We are not open on Mother's Day, but we're here all Saturday. See you soon, and we wish all the Mom's here in Denham Springs a great Mother's Day.
Comments Off on Happy Mother's Day! Bring Mom to Lunch today. She might let you steal a fry.
Some days you just want a delicious Cheeseburger and Fries. Well come on in!
Comments Off on Some days you just want a delicious Cheeseburger and Fries. Well come on in!
Are you hungry? Are you in Denham Springs, Louisiana?
We love vintage coffee cups like these.


text:
The "threat" of gay rights
Filed Under (Current Affairs) by Rashtrakut
With the Supreme Court outlawing criminalization of homosexual conduct, the debate in recent years has spread to gays seeking some of the rights and privileges of civil society particularly relating to marriage. Even though legalizing civil marriage would not require churches to permit gays to marry under their roof the push for gay marriage has been portrayed as an assault on traditional marriage. Of course a 50% divorce rate would seem a bigger threat to traditional marriage and other than a tongue in cheek referendum in California, there has been no serious push to ban no fault divorce (which somehow exists in the civil context without affecting churches like the Catholic Church that prohibit or strongly discourage divorce). It is also striking how much the rhetoric against gay marriage seems to parallel the rhetoric against miscegenation 50 years ago, which was also going to destroy the institution of marriage. Also if you really want to protect "traditional marriage" you should push for the way the institution existed in the western world for most of the past two millenniums – as was generally Chattel marriage, where the wife was the property of the husband (for the humor impaired, I am joking).
The issue was in the spotlight earlier this month when Maine voters reversed the legislature's recognition of gay marriage. It came up in the last week when the Catholic Church threatened Washington D.C. that it would shut down its charity programs in the city for the homeless if a law recognizing same sex marriages was passed. The rationale was that this would cause the Church to recognize same-sex marriages. This was followed by Rhode Island governor Don Carcieri's veto of a bill that would allow domestic partners the right to claim the bodies and plan the funerals of their partners. The justification again was the protection of the institution of marriage.
Comedy Central's Stephen Colbert has a great satirical piece mocking both these arguments.
The Colbert Report Mon – Thurs 11:30pm / 10:30c
The Word – Skeletons in the Closet
Colbert Report Full Episodes Political Humor U.S. Speedskating
After taking a step forward, Iraq takes a step back
First Honduras and now Iraq, expressing optimism about people coming to their senses can be a perilous exercise. After an previous optimistic post from me, the deal is now starting to unravel. Unhappy with their seat allocation the Kurds are threatening a boycott and the Sunnis are expressing their displeasure as well. It seems that the Kurds have not learned from the Sunni boycott of the previous elections that such a step is ultimately self defeating. The elections will happen, the Kurds will be locked out of the corridors of power and ticked off groups will resort to the gun. The mess in Iraq also shows just how hard it is to conduct a multi-ethnic state when there is no trust among the various ethnic groups.
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More perspectives on trials for the 9/11 accused
Josh Marshall wonders what people are afraid of.
Andrew Sullivan applauds the President for not being governed by fear.
Republican Congressman John Shadegg engages in some crude fearmongering.
The irrepressible Jon Stewart identifies the real risk…the media…plus pokes some fun at Rudy Giuliani. Best line at the end of the clip "Geraldo Rivera is now the voice of reason"
The Daily Show With Jon Stewart Mon – Thurs 11p / 10c
Law & Order: KSM
www.thedailyshow.com
Full Episodes Political Humor Health Care Crisis


Try nicely cooked pizza to form your opinion about this restaurant. Most people point out that the service is acceptable. Google gives it 4.5 so you can select Bambino's Pizza to have a good time here.
Pretty good. More of a mexican pizza than original but has good flavor. Their potatoes are delicious, I love the fried crunchy batter coated ones. They are my favorite item on the menu. I definitely do not recomend their spaghetti. Soggy, big chunks of veggies and tastes like tomatoe water. Would recomend this place to a friend.


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Form 5500 is filed annually with the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts and provides quarterly reports. This form contains information about each plan in the League City office. In 2023 and 2023 combined, Imagine, Ltd. contributed 7.7% of gross compensation to its employee benefit plan with Form 5500 reporting contributions averaging 21.25 per plan member. In 2023 combined, Imagine, Ltd. contributed 8.6% of gross compensation to its employee benefit plan with Form 5500 reporting contributions averaging 23.55 per plan member. Contributions from Imagine, Ltd. totaled an average of 40.65 per plan member in 2014. The Company also provides matching contributions from employees and non-employees to the plan. Form 5500 is available online at the state and federal governments websites where form 5500 is downloadable. The Texas Department of Labor, Texas Department Of Banking, and Texas Department of Insurance, as co-registrars, certify that Form 5500 is a required and accurate record of all benefits provided by Imagine, LTD. To any plan and plan participant.
Printable Form 5500 Hillsboro Oregon
Rialto California online Form 5500
Printable Form 5500 Jersey City New Jersey


Despite a slumping housing market as well as an influx of renters, prices for rental properties are on the rise nationally. One-bedroom and two-bedroom rental properties experienced the biggest increase by far. One-bedrooms saw an increase of 15.38% while two-bedrooms saw a 13.17% increase, especially in McKinney, Texas and other North Texas area rental properties.
The main reason for the price increase in rental properties was the sudden demand. A lot of people are being driven to the rental market by the sluggish economy as well as the uncertainty surrounding the safety of many people's jobs. Aside from that, many people who have entered the rental market are staying put in it.
This entry was posted in Apartment Rental, House Rental and tagged apartment rentals, House Rentals, McKinney Texas, Texas apartment rentals, Texas House Rentals, Texas Rentals. Bookmark the permalink.


After her parents died, a young Clarrisa Edmond grew up in a church in Aubrey that worshiped the great sun god, Amaunator. She was not the only orphan there, but as a result of her parents death she became shy and a bit introverted, turning towards books for comfort. She would often go to visit the minotaur who lived in the crypt under the church, Yenward Firestomp. Yenward had grown so large that he could no longer fit through the doors, so he relied on the clerics and, in time, Clarrisa for food and water. She quickly grew an affinity towards the creature, and spent much time visiting him. After the church was destroyed and Yenward was finally able to set off, Clarrisa stayed in Aubrey. Whether it were for a fear of the outside world or a debt to the church that took her in is unknown, but she never forgot her childhood friend. She recognized Yenward on sight when he came back to the town seventeen years after setting off on a journey… Which may be more impressive if he weren't a gigantic cow-beast, but it still shows how he was held in high esteem to the young girl.
Over the course of Arc 1, Clarrisa has helped each of the 4 main groups research one thing or another.
Despite being orphaned so early in life, Clarrisa has an aura of hope and wonder about her, the exact type of person one would imagine would worship the sun god and all things bright and good. Usually smiling, with an air of awkwardness that only manages to make her more approachable, Clarrisa seems to be the true manifestation of a kind soul. Before Duncan was able to hem her robes for her, the first thing people noticed about Clarrisa was the fact that her robes were several sizes too big, often causing her to trip and stumble about. After that modification was made, it became her small, shy smile and sparkling blue eyes.


The page provides the exchange rate of 13500 Emirati Dirham (AED) to Norwegian Krone (NOK), sale and conversion rate. Moreover, we added the list of the most popular conversions for visualization and the history table with exchange rate diagram for 13500 Emirati Dirham (AED) to Norwegian Krone (NOK) from Wednesday, 24/04/2019 till Wednesday, 17/04/2019. Latest update of 13500 Emirati Dirham (AED) exchange rate.
Convert currency 13500 AED to NOK. How much is 13500 Emirati Dirham to Norwegian Krone? — 31506.72 Norwegian Krone.
13500 Emirati Dirham to Norwegian Krone, convert 13500 AED in NOK.


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New Zealand Government Releases Details Of Marijuana Legalization Referendum
Details about legislative plans to legalize and regulate marijuana in New Zealand were released on Tuesday.
The three political parties who are part of a minority government coalition agreed to basic elements of a referendum to allow for the use, possession, sale and cultivation of cannabis for adults 20 and older, which is set to appear on New Zealand's 2020 ballot.
Justice Minister Andrew Little confirmed in a press release that the measure will be binding—meaning that if voters approve the measure, the government will be obliged to follow through on the voters's will. The proposal will allow for limited home cultivation and licensed areas where people can consume marijuana socially. It will also include restrictions on advertising.
Andrew Little makes cannabis referendum announcement #FOCUSLIVE https://t.co/JjW8b7ZjoO
— nzherald (@nzherald) May 6, 2019
"Officials are now empowered to draft the legislation with stakeholder input, and the Electoral Commission will draft the referendum question to appear on the ballot," Little said in a press release. "The voters' choice will be binding because all of the parties that make up the current Government have committed to abide by the outcome."
"We hope and expect the National Party will also commit to respecting the voters' decision," he said, referring to the leading opposition party that is not part of the governing coalition.
"Cabinet has agreed to hold a binding referendum at the 2020 General Election to determine whether personal use of recreational cannabis should be legalised," he wrote in an executive summary of the plan. "If the binding nature of the referendum is to be meaningful it will be necessary to be as clear and certain about the outcome of a 'yes' vote as possible."
"The referendum question should provide voters with a clear choice on this important matter," he said. "Also, there may be merit in allowing for the public education in the lead up to the referendum to better understand the final regulatory model that is adopted."
Little outlined four separate referendum options for the Cabinet to choose from. It appears that parties agreed on the option that reads as follows:
"A question referring to an exposure draft piece of legislation that outlines the suggested regulatory model for cannabis but was not introduced into the House until the result of the referendum was known: 'Do you support legalising the personal use of recreational cannabis in accordance with [published draft legislation]?". This exposure draft would be provided in confidence to limited stakeholders for consultation and a final exposure draft that would be the subject of the referendum would follow."
Little argued that simply decriminalizing cannabis would "impede the ability to control quality of products" and "any of the harm minimization associated with removing criminal elements." Legalizing and regulating marijuana, on the other hand, would create a "controlled and tightly regulated market" that would allow the government to "steer market behaviour towards achieving the objective of minimising harm, while providing safe and legal access to cannabis."
Here are the primary and secondary goals of the proposed referendum, as Little outlined in a 30-page briefing document:
Address the wellbeing of New Zealanders and harm reduction—the model should minimise harms associated with cannabis, such as health-related harm, social harms and harm to youth.
Lower the overall use of cannabis over time through education and addiction services – with a particular focus on lowering the use amongst youths by increasing the age of first use. Revenue raised through the regulation of cannabis should contribute to relevant health-related measures.
Disempowering the gangs and the illegal trade in cannabis;
Lowering the prison population over time and lowering the number of New Zealanders (especially Maori) whose future opportunities are negatively affected by cannabis use charges;
Ensure product safety and control of THC levels via legislation and regulation;
Be consistent with the rule of law – the model should uphold New Zealand's constitution. It should also minimise opportunities for the illicit market and be clear and easy to follow;
Tailored and workable for New Zealand – the model should recognise and reflect our cultural practices and the values of New Zealand society so that it can be accepted by New Zealanders;
Fiscal sustainability – the model should seek to fund mechanisms that directly address cannabis-related harms, while also aiming to lower use over time."
Chlöe Swarbrick, a Green Party member of Parliament who joined Little at Tuesday's presser, released a video celebrating the development.
Aotearoa New Zealand could be the first country in the world to nationally legalise and regulate cannabis through a vote of the people. Here are the details. @NZGreens pic.twitter.com/GbeZKV2V4q
— Chlöe Swarbrick (@_chloeswarbrick) May 6, 2019
"In line with a health-based approach, consumption will be limited to private spaces or to those that are licensed," she said. "We are also guaranteeing that there is going to be no advertising because the last thing we want to do is open the door to big corporates and invite another 'Big Tobacco' or 'Big Alcohol' and replace the black market with some big corporate control."
"This is, of course, massive news and the first solid piece of information we can give you guys on the cannabis referendum," she added. "Over the next year and a half, I will be doing my utmost to get around the country and hear from all of you about how we can create the best possible piece of legislation."
The proposal also calls for a licensing scheme that would "provide for safe spaces for people to use cannabis away from home."
The timeline for steps toward drafting the legislation and ballot question were laid out by the justice minster as follows:
New Zealand has previously demonstrated interested in pursuing a public health-orientated approach to drug policy. Officials instructed law enforcement not to criminalize possession and consumption of synthetic drugs, which is at the center of a drug crisis in the country, and to instead treat such cases as public health concerns.
A poll released in January found that 60 percent of New Zealand residents would approve a referendum to legalize cannabis. Only 24 percent of respondents voiced opposition to the policy and 16 percent were left undecided.
Should the country opt to legalize and regulate marijuana, it would be following in the steps of Canada and Uruguay, which have already done so. Mexican lawmakers are also pushing ahead on a legalization plan.
"Subject to Cabinet decisions, any legislation to be enacted before the referendum that includes provisions relating to the overall system of cannabis, including the cultivation, sale and supply, and use of recreational cannabis in New Zealand would preferably be passed by December 2019, with March 2020 as an absolute deadline in order to undertake the referendum at the 2020 General Election," Little wrote.
Mexican Lawmakers Plan To Tackle Marijuana Legalization This Summer
Photo courtesy of Brian Shamblen.
Texas House Votes To Expand State's Medical Marijuana Program
Federal Agency Clarifies Rules On Adding CBD To Alcoholic Beverages
NY gov puts legal cannabis in budget proposal (Newsletter: January 22, 2020)
House Lawmakers Caution Key Senate Chairman Not To Overhaul Marijuana Banking Bill


Multi-instrumentalist, composer, songwriter and producer Tommy Byrnes has been Billy Joel's guitarist and musical director for the past 29 years. He was key in helping Billy and Twyla Tharp create the Tony Award-winning Broadway smash Movin' Out and served as the show's Musical Director during its long run. Tommy has toured and collaborated with rockabilly legend Brian Setzer (co-writing Setzer's hard-hitting "Barbwire Fence"). His further credits include artists as diverse as Enrique Inglesias, Joan Jett, Hall & Oats, and as a songwriter he's penned tunes for Mandy Moore and others.


California Federation of Teachers, (www.cft.org)—Statewide affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers.
Newly re-designed informational website featuring simple internal word-search engine, online newsletters, general news and information for viewing and downloading, extensive external links. Online since 1995. Updated frequently.
(www.ambungalow.com)—Promotional site for magazine for enthusiasts of Arts & Crafts period architecture and furnishings.
A fully implemented e-commerce site, with custom shopping cart system and fully automated order processing, transmission, and customer acknowledgement. This site generates 600,000 hits and about $10,000 in new sales every month. A satisfied client since 1997. Updated periodically.
Ojai Federation of Teachers, (www.oft.org)—American Federation of Teachers Local 2119.
Newly redesigned informational website featuring general information, documents for viewing online and downloading, a interactive threaded discussion (BBS) application, simple internal word-search engine, email directory, lots of external links, interactive groupware calendar application. Updated frequently.
Awarded first place honors for best website by the California Federation of Teachers in April 2000. Favorably reviewed in American Teacher, AFT's nationwide monthly member newspaper. Our first client, online since 1995.
(on hold)—Tourism business in the Los Padres National Forest, near Ojai, CA.
Advertising website featuring custom photography and artwork, gif89a animation, clickable map, attractive and effective coverage to generate customer interest. A proven money-maker for our client. Updated periodically.
but this website was very successful and profitable in its day.


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Home Forums > sciforums.com > Archives > www.exosci.com > Earth >
Life rebounded quickly after collision 65 million years ago
Discussion in 'Earth' started by Porfiry, Mar 13, 2001.
Porfiry Nomad Registered Senior Member
Though the dinosaurs fared poorly in the comet or meteor impact that destroyed two-thirds of all living species 65 illion years ago, new evidence shows that various other forms of life rebounded from the catastrophe in a remarkably short period of time.
In the March 9 issue of the journal Science, a team of geochemists reports that life was indeed virtually wiped out for a period of time, but then reappeared just as abruptly only 10,000 years after the initial collision. Further, the evidence shows that the extinctions 65 million years ago, which mark the geologic time known as the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary, were most likely caused by a single catastrophic impact. "There's been a longstanding debate whether the mass extinctions at the K-T boundary were caused by a single impact or maybe a swarm of millions of comets," says lead author Sujoy Mukhopadhyay, a graduate student at Caltech. "In addition, figuring out the duration of the extinction event and how long it took life to recover has been a difficult problem."
To address both questions, Mukhopadhyay and his colleagues measured the amount of cosmic dust in the sediments of an ancient sea bed which is now exposed on land about 100 miles north of Rome. In particular they focused on a two-centimeter-thick clay deposit that previously had been dated to about 65 million years ago. The base of this clay deposit corresponds to the date of the extinction event.
The clay deposit lies above a layer of limestone sediments, which are essentially the skeletons of microscopic sea life that settled at the bottom of the ancient sea. The limestone deposit also contains a certain percentage of clay particles, which result from erosion on the continents. Finally, mixed in the sediments is extraterrestrial dust that landed in Earth's oceans and then settled out. This dust carries a high concentration of helium-3 (3He), a rare isotope of helium that is depleted on Earth but highly enriched in cosmic matter.
The lower limestone layer abruptly ends at roughly 65 million years, since the organisms in the ocean were suddenly wiped out by the impact event. Thus, the layer immediately above the limestone contains nothing but the clay deposits and extraterrestrial dust that continued to settle at the bottom of the ancient sea. Immediately above the two-centimeter clay deposit is another layer of limestone deposits from microorganisms of the sea that eventually rebounded after the catastrophe.
In this study, the researchers measured the amount of 3He in the sediments to learn about the K-T extinction. They reasoned that a gigantic impact would not change the amount of 3He in the clay deposit. This is because large impacting bodies are mostly vaporized upon impact and release all their helium into the atmosphere. Because helium is a light element, it is not bound to Earth and tends to drift away into space. Therefore, even if a huge amount were brought to Earth by a large impact, the 3He would soon disappear and not show up in the sedimentary layers.
In contrast, 3He brought to Earth by extraterrestrial dust tends to stay trapped in the dust and not be lost to space, says Kenneth Farley, professor of geochemistry at Caltech and coauthor of the paper. So 3He found in the limestone and the clay deposits came from space in the form of dust.
Based on the 3He record obtained from the limestones, the researchers eliminated the possibility that a string of comets had caused the K-T extinctions. Comets are inherently dusty, so a string of them hitting Earth would have brought along a huge amount of new dust, thereby increasing the amount of 3He in the lower limestone deposit.
But the Italian sediment showed a steady concentration of 3He until the time of the impact, eliminating the possibility of a comet swarm. In fact, the researchers found no evidence for periodic comet showers, which have been suggested as the cause of mass extinction events on Earth.
Mukhopadhyay and his colleagues reason that because the "rain-rate" of the extraterrestrial dust from space did not change across the K-T boundary, the 3He concentration in the clay is proportional to the total depositional time of the clay. "It's been difficult to measure the time it took for this two-centimeter clay layer to be deposited," says Farley.
The researchers conclude that the two-centimeter clay layer was deposited in approximately 10,000 years. Then, very quickly, the tiny creatures that create limestone deposits reemerged and again began leaving their corpses on the ocean bed. The implication is that life can get started again very quickly, Farley says.
Thus the study answers two major questions about the event that led to the extinction of the dinosaurs, says Mukhopadhyay. In addition to Mukhopadhyay and Farley, the paper is also authored by Alessandro Montanari of the Geological Observatory in Apiro, Italy.
Porfiry, Mar 13, 2001
rOsESoC Registered Member
Gee Dave, its articles like this that make me remember the days when AUFORA newsletters used to arrive in my e-mail client and I would devour them...
I really miss those days.
rOsESoC, Apr 2, 2001
rde Eukaryotic specimen Registered Senior Member
Originally posted by Porfiry
I've been a fan for some time now of the theory of punctuated equilibrium; I'm pretty amazed that it hasn't achieved universal acceptance. It states that evolution doesn't happen in a major way most of the time; only when something catastrophic causes major change does evolution kick in. A few seconds' pondering will reveal the common sense nature fo the theory; it's nice to see the evidence piling up.
rde, Apr 2, 2001


This buckeye bronze finish ceiling light features an off-white linen shade and an etched acrylic lens for a sleek, modern look.
With a minimalist frame and a sleek buckeye bronze finish, the Hampton semi-flushmount ceiling light is a stylish addition to both modern and transitional decor. It features a crisp off-white linen drum shade with a decorative etched acrylic lens, for a gentle glow. From Hinkley.
26" wide x 14 1/2" high. Canopy is 15 3/4" wide.
Contemporary semi-flushmount foyer ceiling light. From the Hampton collection by Hinkley.
Buckeye bronze finish. Steel construction.
Sleek and modernthis brushed bronze finish ceiling light features an off-white linen shade and an etched acrylic lens.


a full range of treatments from beautiful nail enhancements to a relaxing massage or facial.
New makeup room now open at Victoria Beauty.
We have over 10 years experience in occasion, bridal, high fashion and media makeup.
Welcome to Victoria Beauty salon in Chorley, Lancashire. Spend some 'you' time and enjoy a full range of treatments from beautiful nail enhancements to a relaxing massage or facial. A visit to our salon is completely stress free with ample road side parking right outside the salon. A welcoming atmosphere awaits with shabby chic decor, a relaxation room and refreshments.
Also known as micropigmintation, semi permanent makeup creates perfect eyebrows, eyeliner and lip blushes. Great if you are suffering with hair loss, have a busy lifestyle, everyone who wants to wake up beautiful. Read more about Semi Permanent Makeup.
We are proud to be a Comcit Salon and offer this latest treatment by Crystal Clear. The Comcit facial is the next generation in anti ageing oxygen treatment and can also be used to treat skin conditions such as acne. Read more about Comcit Treatment.
Our girls have over 10 years experience in occasion, bridal, high fashion and media makeup. Take a seat in the make up room at Victoria Beauty and look beautiful. Read more about our makeup services.
Whether you have manicures, acrylic/gel extensions or natural overlays, all are great for enhancing and bringing out the best in your natural nails. From French white tips to funky glitter tips and nail art, have your nails look fabulous all the time. Read more about Nails.
Lash perfect lashes are the ultimate in eyelash extensions. Perfect for adding thickness and length for even the most shortest lashes. Whether you like a natural or dramatic look, have perfect lashes everyday. Read more about Semi Permanent Eyelashes.
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Had a deluxe manicure today, me an absolute novice, lovely lady with gorgeous blue eyes very professional, I had been given a gift voucher as a pressie, but will go back , for sure, thanks !
Beautiful salon and very professional, clued up staff. I was impressed with Victoria's pleasant manner and knowledge of the treatment I was having. Had semi permanent make up done on my brows recently and will be back for more at some point.
I came for the first time today for a massage and facial. I absolutely loved it, I've never been for anything at a beauty salon before and was feeling quite nervous! I felt so welcome and the massage was amazing!! My face now feel so fresh and soft. I've already told my family how amazing it was and I'm so looking forward to my next appointment.
Sitemap | © 2015 Victoria Beauty Salon. All rights reserved.


Auto SEO, MLM consultant | No, You Do Not.
Ah, no. No you don't.
There is something called professional courtesy. That's why I don't call up Jordan Adler, Richard Brooke, Art Jonak or Donna Imson and try to pitch them on my deal. They are in competing companies, but they are still my peers and colleagues in the profession I am also in.
When I started out, I also thought the secret was chasing after everybody in those other companies and explaining why their deal sucked and mine was superior. That's the arrogance that comes from being new, not knowing what you're doing, and not having respect for the profession.
But once you grow up, learn something about the business and understand it, your viewpoint needs to change. It doesn't serve us to tear down other companies. It just makes us all look bad to anyone not in the business. And speaking of people NOT in our business, last time I checked, there were more than 6.8 BILLION people – not in Network Marketing, yet. Why don't you call up some of them?
Networking = Meeting Interesting People Life is like a book…..


The Great Reads for Girls Mother/Daughter book group will start again in September. We will begin taking registrations beginning in August. The group meets monthly at the McCammon Library Branch for lively book discussions, activities, friendship and lots of fun.
The group reads and discusses a different book each month for girls 8-11, accompanied by Mom or another caring adult. We ended for the summer with the book Charlotte's Web by E.B. White. In January, the group discussed "Naya Nuki" Shoshone Girl Who Ran by Kenneth Thomas with a special program presented by Linda Brim of Downey on Native Americans.