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BRISTOL-MYERS ONCOLOGY TO BEGIN SENDING "DEAR DOCTOR" LETTERS ON "ONCOLOGY COMMENTARY" SOON; FDA BEGINS PUBLICITY BEFORE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IS NOTIFIED
The Pink Sheet pinkeditor@informa.com
The Bristol-Myers Oncology Division will begin sending "Dear Doctor" letters to the 8,000 previous recipients of the controlled circulation publication "Oncology Commentary '90" during the week of June 3-7 as part of a settlement with FDA over alleged promotions of unapproved cancer indications. The letters will disclose that the publication and some of the meetings referred to in the publication were sponsored by Bristol- Myers and will inform doctors "that only favorable opinions and data" on Bristol-Myers Squibb products were selected for inclusion in the publication. FDA further wants the company to tell doctors that, in the context of a promotional publication, "Oncology Commentary" did not contain sufficient detail "to permit informed evaluation." FDA and Bristol-Myers Oncology have agreed that the company will assure delivery of the letters to all physicians who received the magazine. FDA specifies that the "letter must be delivered into the hands of the physician." The company has offered to use its detail force to deliver as many of the corrective letters as possible. The "Dear Doctor" letter is one element of a two-part corrective action extracted by FDA. In addition to the "Dear Doctor" letter, the "settlement" will entail a two-year commitment from the company to submit the majority of its promotional material for oncology products to FDA for preapproval (see related story, p. 6). While the format of the settlement is not unusual in the context of recent drug advertising actions by FDA, the public relations treatment of the event and some of the details of the program are evidence of the agency's effort to portray a stronger enforcement image to the public. There is speculation in Washington that the publicity may be a warm-up event for further (and potentially more forceful) drug promotion regulatory actions in upcoming weeks (see related story, p. 3). The Bristol-Myers incident is most notable for the extent and timing of the media coverage that it generated. FDA is traditionally scrupulous about trying to avoid general publicity for a "Dear Doctor" letter until the medical community has received the letter. In the Bristol-Myers situation, the inverse occurred. FDA began discussing the corrective action with the media at least one week before the company was ready to send out the letter. The preemptive release of information to a wide audience prior to the conclusion of the normal course of regulatory events is similar to the agency's handling of a regulatory situation at Lilly almost two years ago. In that case, FDA released information about an adverse inspection at Lilly to indicate the forcefulness and breadth of the agency's inspection program and to try to fend off criticism of lax enforcement procedures. The agency released information about Lilly as a plant inspection was ending and before the company had the opportunity to respond to the inspection observations ("The Pink Sheet" Aug. 28, 1989, p. 13). The early publicity in the Bristol-Myers situation presumably furthers two objectives of the top managers at FDA: (1) it helps to reestablish the agency's public posture as a forceful regulator of promotions; and (2) it sends a warning to companies about protracting negotiations with the agency. The FDA-Bristol negotiations took over 10 months. One irritant to FDA in the Bristol situation may have been the delay of the "Dear Doctor" letter until after the recent annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Earlier in the negotiations, the company was supposed to distribute the letter to that group. As the company and agency neared an agreement last month, Bristol-Myers objected to FDA's request to run corrective advertisements in addition to the "Dear Doctor" letter. The company was successful in getting FDA to back off the corrective ad demand. FDA may have countered that by using the media; but the agency was likely to try to get coverage for its enforcement action against Bristol regardless of whether the firm agreed to an ad. The company objected to the corrective advertisement because it would carry the message to an audience larger than the one that received the original publication. Bristol questioned the rationale for a corrective ad in general medical journals such as The New England Journal of Medicine because the original offending publication had been distributed to a defined group of oncologists and hematologists. The company felt it could reach that group directly with a "Dear Doctor" letter. Bristol maintains that it works hard to limit promotions in the oncology area to those doctors trained to administer anti- cancer drugs. The firm believed that a general corrective ad would run counter to that policy. FDA apparently pushed for the corrective ads as a form of educational punishment. A letter to the oncology specialty alone may not have been strong enough from FDA's point of view. Within the oncology specialty, a "Dear Doctor" letter on unapproved indications from the leading company in the field is not likely to have very much impact. Much of the drug use in that area is off- label already, and the specialists in that field are used to trying to keep up with the latest clinical applications of approved and experimental products. The publication that elicited FDA's ire was a sole-sponsored magazine with information on current oncology clinical practice and summaries of reports from medical meetings. FDA initially questioned Bristol-Myers Oncology's sponsorship of the publication in August of 1990, and the company ceased funding of the project at that point. The firm's discontinuation of the publication last summer, however, was not enough to satisfy FDA, which aggressively has pursued the more public mea culpa from the firm during the last 10 months. In January of this year, the agency issued a sharp rebuke to the firm for the alleged promotion of unapproved uses in the publication ("The Pink Sheet" Feb. 11, p. 12). The agency and the firm have been involved in protracted discussions of corrective actions during the four months since the January letter. In a May 17 letter to Bristol-Myers Oncology Division General Manager John O'Leary, FDA's top advertising and promotion regulator, Ann Witt, described "Oncology Commentary" as "a publication which we determined to be promotional literature in the guise of a scientific journal." Bristol says its "stands behind" the the validity of the science in "Oncology Commentary." Bristol maintains that it responded to FDA in a timely manner throughout the discussions. The company claims that, after it responded to FDA's initial concerns about the ad in August of last year, it did not hear back from the agency until the January rebuke. For Bristol, the publicity over the dispute with FDA comes at a difficult time. The company appears to be on the verge of getting a potentially important AIDS treatment (Videx, ddI) approved later this summer and it is just preparing to bring its second ACE inhibitor, Monopril, to the market ("The Pink Sheet" May 20, T&G-1). After the Videx approval, the firm will face the ticklish challenge of shifting roughly 19,000 patients receiving the drug under expanded IND provisions to paying patients. The pricing issues in AIDS treatments have been tough going for the drug industry from the start. If the aggressive-promoter image from the oncology dispute sticks in the media's collective memory, Bristol may face a particularly tough task to convince the lay press about its pricing decisions for Videx. Similarly, a spillover effect within FDA's ad division from the oncology discussions could restrict Bristol's ability to try to find a place for Monopril in the ACE market. The company may be subjected to heightened scrutiny of its initial campaigns for the Captopril followup.
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Subject: BRISTOL-MYERS ONCOLOGY TO BEGIN SENDING "DEAR DOCTOR" LETTERS ON "ONCOLOGY COMMENTARY" SOON; FDA BEGINS PUBLICITY BEFORE MEDICAL COMMUNITY IS NOTIFIED


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New England Governors Talk Vaping, Health Care, Transit And More
By Harriet Jones • Oct 24, 2019
Governor Ned Lamont, center left, talks with Governors Charlie Baker and Gina Raimondo on the grounds of Providence College, October 24, 2019.
Courtesy: Governor's Office
Cross-state cooperation on marijuana and on vaping issues headlined the latest meeting between the governors of Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts. Ned Lamont, Gina Raimondo and Charlie Baker met in Providence Thursday.
It's just three months since their last summit in Connecticut.
Lamont stressed the practical nature of their partnership, saying they're already working on several joint projects.
"Especially for a relatively small state like Connecticut, when I can team with Massachusetts and Rhode Island we have much more economies of scale," he said, "not just in terms of regulation, but purchasing, and actually thinking more long-term about our environmental and energy futures."
Rhode Island Governor Gina Raimondo echoed that, saying she hopes the three administrations may be able to save money by making joint purchases.
"We're all purchasing, say a Microsoft license. If you're all purchasing the same thing, you combine that, and you're able to save money," she said."It's really money savings for the taxpayers of all of our states and that's a concrete thing we've done."
On marijuana, both Raimondo and Lamont said they hope to learn from the experience of Massachusetts, the only one of the three so far to legalize the drug for recreational use.
Governor Charlie Baker too said he believes there's learning to be done.
"I wish we'd dealt with some of the issues around drugged driving and the rules of the game around that as the law was passed, so it just could have been baked into the bill," he said. "There's currently legislation pending on that."
Baker said he also touched on the health care reform that he's working on currently. He sees it as an opportunity to look at cross-state licensing or reciprocity between the three states for health care workers.
For Raimondo that opportunity could be broadened to many other industries.
"To have a lot more reciprocal agreements as it relates to licensing across industries -- welders, plumbers, pipefitters, electricians. It's something that's frustrating. It slows down commerce, and a concrete thing that we can all work on to make our region more economically competitive."
Governors Raimondo and Baker are strategizing as their administrations face separate legal challenges to executive orders banning the sale of vaping products. Connecticut has not yet taken the approach of a ban in the wake of a major health scare over respiratory disease.
"These isolated regulations one state to another when, our states are all pretty close together," said Lamont, contemplating "what we could do together in terms of regulating this in a very thoughtful way."
Another idea the governors say they're working on: improving public transit, including adding high-speed rail between the states.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Vadodara is a city with one of the best education. Apart from college hostel accommodation there are various hostels available catering the student life. Considering all the needs of a students, hostels are well equipped and hygienic as well.
For a student, hostel life is one of the most memorable time of his or her life. A home away from home and a friends that turn to family is a common thing that can be seen in today's generation. To get a better career and life ahead, people start moving out. Here are some youth oriented hotels that are available in Vadodara.
This hostel is located at Gorwa, Vadodara. With the best amenities and services, the location is favourable to anyone who is looking for a peaceful stay. The rooms have their own private washroom and balcony understanding the privacy. To make it even better and understanding the weather conditions, rooms have their own television and air conditioner. Fitness is the key to keep on working with a healthy life, hence they provide their own fitness track and first meal of the day is important hence they provide a proper Asian breakfast.
This hostel is located in Waghodiya, Vadodara. There are around 4 colleges near this hostel namely Sigma Institute of Technology, Parul University, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth and Babaria Institute of Technology. The rooms are well equipped and spacious. With all the necessary amenities they provide food, laundry, private washroom. Considering the needs of a hostelite, they have reading room, activity centre, WiFi, broadband connection and television.
It is a boys hostel for students and working men, located in Fatehgunj. As we know it is the perfect area for anyone who is away from home.they provide all the necessary amenities and if one gets bored, everything is just a walk away. They have CCTV security 24×7, attached bathroom, television, WiFi, air conditioner and what not.
Well this is the best girls hostel in Vadodara. They provide an atmosphere that makes you feel like home. It is located in Karelibaugh. They vouch to provide comfort without compromising on security hence they have a female warden and 24 hr CCTV. They provide healthy veg food, attached washroom and double bed room. Considering the health they have a doctor on call.


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Page:EB1911 - Volume 14.djvu/577
This page needs to be proofread.
than the first is the theorem that the values of such
as the " infinite part " of ¢(x). The resolution of a function which becomes infinite into an infinite part and a finite part can often be effected by taking the infinite part to be infinite of the same order as one of the functions in the scale written above, or in some more comprehensive scale. This resolution is the inverse of the process of evaluating an indeterminate form of the ty oo - oo. For example lim.z=0{(e'—I)'1-x"1} is iifiite and equal to =%, and the function (e'-1)"-x" can be expanded in a power series in x.
39. The nature of a function of two or more variables, and the meaning. tp be attach led to ggitinuity andl limiits iii: respect of srluplh unctions, ave n exp ame un er UNcTION e F;""""°"; theorems of differential calculus which relate to such 3 '°"j'; functions are in general the same whether the number mlb ' of variables is two or any greater number, and it will generally be convenient to state the theorems for two variables. 40. Let u or f (x, y) denote a function of two variables x and y. If we regard y as constant, u or f becomes a function of one variable x, and we may seek to differentiate it with respect to x. 57i;""' If the function of x is differentiable, the differential tl tire" coefficient which is formed in .this way is called the °"' " partial differential coefficient " of u or f with respect to at, and is denoted by 2; or The symbol " 6 " was appropriated for partial differentiation by C. G. ]. Jacobi (1841). It had before been written indifferently with " d " as a symbo of differentiation. Euler had written " " for the partial differential coefficient of f with respect to x. Sometimes it is desirable to put in evidence the variable which is treated as constant, and then the partial differential coefficient is written " L' or " V". This course is often adopted by writers on Thermodynamics. Sometimes the symbols d or 6 are dropped, and the partial differential coefficient is denoted by u, or f, . As a definition of the partial differential coefficient we have the formula
8 . f(x+h, y)-f(x, yt
5% - lln'l.h 0 h .
In the same way we may form the partial differential coefficient with respect to y by treating x as a constant. The introduction of partial differential coefficients enables us to solve at once for a surface a problem analogous to the problem of tangents for a curve; and it also enables us to take the first step in the solution of the problem of maxima and minima for a function of several variables. If the equation of a surface is expressed in the form z=f(x, y), the direction cosines of the normal to the surface at any point are in the ratios gé:g€:= 1. Iff is a maximum or a minimum at (x, y), then eg'/6x and Bf/By vanish at that point. In applications of the di erential calculus to mathematical physics we are in general concerned with functions of three variables x, y, z, which represent the coordinates of a point; and then considerable importance attaches to partial differential coefficients which are formed by a particular rule. Let F(x, y, 2) be the function, P a oint (x, y, z), P' a neighbouring point (x-l-Ax, y+Ay, z+Az), and liet As be the length of PP'. The value of F(x, y, z) at P may be denoted shortly by F(P). A limit of the same nature as a partial differential coefficient is expressed by the formula lim F(P') =F(P)
APO As
in which As is diminished indefinitely by bringing P' up to P, and P is supposed to approach P along a straight line, for example, the tangent to a curve or the normal to a surface. The limit in question is denoted by 6F/Bh, in which it is understood that h indicates a direction, that of PP'. If l, m, n are the direction cosines of the limiting direction of the line PP', supposed drawn from P to P', then BF 6F 6F 6F
ah* -lg;
The operation of forming 6F/6h is called "differentiation with respect to an axis" or "vector differentiation." 41. The most important theorem in regard to partial differential coefficients is the theorem of the total deferential. We may write down the equation
f(¢1+h, b+k)~f(a, b) =f(¢1+h, b+k)- (¢1- 12+/2) gig + (a, b-I-k)-f(a, b).
D, ff, ,, ,, If f, is a continuous function of x when x lies between ci g,1 and a-l-h and y=b-l-k, and if further f, is a COHUHUOUS function of y when y lies between b and d-He, there exist values of 0 and 17 which lie between o and 1 and have the properties expressed by the equations f
f(a+h, b-Hz) -f(a, b-Hz) =hf, (a-l-Eh, b-I-k), ffm b-I-k) -f(<1- b) =kfv(f1» b+nk)-Further, f, (a+0h, b-l-k) and f, , (cz, b-|-nk) tend to the limits f, (a, b) and f, (a, b) when h and k tend to zero, provided the differential coefficient sf, , f, , are continuous at the point (a, b). Hence in this case the above equation can be written
f(a+h, b+k) -f(a, b) =hf, (a, b)+kf, ,(a, b)+R, where
R . R
lim.h 0' k 0}T=0 and l1m.h,0 M075-=0.
In accordance with the notation of differentials this equation gives Qi if
df- axdx-P aydy.
lust as in the case of functions of one variable, dx and dy are arbitrary finite differences, and of is not the difference of two values of f, but is so much of this difference as need be retained for the purpose of forming differential coefficients.
The theorem of the total differential is immediately applicable to the differentiation of implicit functions. When y is a function of' x which is given by an equation of the form f(x, y) =o, and it is either impossible or inconvenient to solve this equation so as to express y as an explicit function of x, the differential coefficient dy/dx can be formed without solving the equation. We have at once QQ' Qi §
dx- 6x/6y
This rule was known, in all essentials, to Fermat and de Sluse before the invention of the algorithm, of the differential calculus. An important theorem, first proved by Euler, is immediately deducible from the theorem of the total differential. If f(x, y) is a homogeneous function of degree n then 6 6
x5§ , +>'5§ , =nf<x, y)-The
theorem is applicable to functions of any number of variables and is generally known as Eulerls theorem of homogeneous functions. 42. Many problems in which partial differential coefficients occur are simplified by the introduction of certain determinants called " Iacobians " or " functional determinants." They were introduced into Analysis by C. G. . Iacobi ""°°b"'" (J. f. Math., Crelle, Bd. 22, 1841, p. 319). he Iacobian of ui, u2, . u, with respect to xi, xg, .
x, , is the determinant
QQ. a. .."' %
6x1 6x¢ 6x, ,
an . f'"2 Q21
ax; 6x1 ax"
Qn .an eb
6371 6362 ax"
in which the constituents of the rth row are the n partial differential coefficients of u, with respect to the n variables x. This determinant is expressed shortly by
a(ulv 1121. . -y un)
6(x1, x2, . ., x, .)
jacobians possess many properties analogous to those of ordinary differential coefficients, for example, the following 1§ I(ui. ui.. . ., u, .)X6(x1, xi. . . ., x.) = I 3(x1, xz, . . ., Qin) 65111, 1l2, . ., un) <9 3
Q(tl1. 1»t2»~ . -» 1»¢n)>< ly yn- . -, yn) ¢9(1»¢11 uzy- ~ »» Un) Bfyi. yi.. . .. yn) 6(x1. xi.. . ., f1x, .) "6(x1. xi.. . .. x, .) If n functions (u, , 142, . un) of n variables (xl, x2, , x, ,) are not independent, but are connected by a relation f(u;, ug, u, ,) =o, then
6(u1, u2, . ., u1.) o
6(x1, xg, . ., x, ,)
and, conversely, when this condition is satisfied identically the functions ui, 141, . ., un are not independent. 43. Partial differential coefficients of the second and higher orders can be formed in the same way as those of the first order. For example, when there are two variables x, y, the first partial derivatives Bf/6x and éif/Hy are functions of x and "ne" y, which we may seek to differentiate partially with °I:g"g°f respect to x or y. The most important theorem in re- Z"f;fe':| lation to partial differential coefficients of orders higher " m°ns coefficients do not depend upon the order in which the differentiations are performed. For example, we have the equation 1 (Qt), Q (Qt) . (- r
6x 8y ay 6x L)
This theorem is not true without limitation. The conditions for its validity have been investigated very completely by H. A. Schwarz (see his Ges. math. Abhandlungen, Bd. 2, Berlin, 1890, p. 275): It is a sufficient, though not a necessary, condition that all the differential coefficients concerned should be contmuousfunctions of x, y. In consequence of the relation (i.) the differential coefficients expressed in the two members of this relation are written dit 8'f
axay °' ayax
Retrieved from "https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Page:EB1911_-_Volume_14.djvu/577&oldid=8147741"


Henry LeRoy Zimmerman Jr. (February 20, 1918 – August 22, 1997) was an American football player who played running back and quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) from 1940 to 1948.
Zimmerman was born in Tonganoxie, Kansas to Henry Leroy Zimmerman Sr. and Ivol Gertrude Hawkins and played high school football at Monrovia Arcadia Duarte High School (Now Monrovia High School) in Monrovia, California, where he was a quarterback. He then went on to play college football at San José State University. While playing for the San José State Spartans in 1939, the team went 13–0.
Zimmerman was drafted in the seventh round of the 1940 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. Zimmerman was the first San Jose State player ever to be drafted by the NFL. He played for the Redskins from 1940 to 1942. Then in 1943, Zimmerman played for the Steagles, a team that was a combination of the Philadelphia Eagles and Pittsburgh Steelers (the teams were forced to merge because both had lost many players to military service due to World War II). He continued playing for the Eagles until 1946, and then played for the Detroit Lions, before finishing his career with the Boston Yanks.
Zimmerman was named to the Pro Bowl in 1942 and named All-Pro twice. He also led the league in interceptions in 1945 with seven.
Zimmerman pitched softball during his last three years at San Jose State. For 26 years after his NFL career, he played professional fast-pitch softball and led his teams, the Fresno Hoak Packers and the Long Beach Nitehawks, to nine world titles. "He developed the riseball and the dropball, which are now predominant pitches in any pitcher's arsenal." He pitched two perfect games and six no-hitters in World Championship play, striking out all 21 batters during one of his perfect games. He was inducted into the International Softball Congress Hall of Fame in 1970 and the award for the outstanding pitcher in the ISC World Tournament is named in his honor. He was also inducted into the Long Beach Softball Hall of Fame.
After retiring from the NFL, Zimmerman obtained his teaching credential. He first taught and coached at Parlier High School from 1951 to 1954. In 1955, he began teaching and coaching at Madera High School, where he remained until his retirement in 1981. He married Dena Mary Otis of Big Timber, Montana on May 3, 1940, and they had three sons. Zimmerman died in Madera, California on August 22, 1997.
^ Miedema, Laurence (April 29, 2007). "All about perseverance". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved February 11, 2008.
^ a b "Biographical Sketch of Leroy Zimmerman" (PDF). International Softball Congress. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
^ "Softball Hall of Fame". Long Beach Parks, Recreation and Marine. City of Long Beach, California. Retrieved June 5, 2015.


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Home :: Military :: Library :: News :: 2003 :: December ::
United States Department of Defense.
Presenter: Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld Tuesday, December 23, 2003 1:04 p.m. EST
Defense Department Operational Update Briefing
(Participating; Gen. Richard Myers, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff)
Gen. Myers (?): We've been walking for -- (inaudible.)
Sec. Rumsfeld: We're here! (Laughter.) (Laughs.) What a jaunt!
Q: This doesn't mean less briefings though, right?
Sec. Rumsfeld: No! Whatever. (Laughter.)
Q: Get one of those electric cars.
Sec. Rumsfeld: (Laughs.)
Well, good afternoon. This is -- I like to know what's behind me -- this is the first briefing we've had here in this new studio. It looks about the same. Some of the faces are the same, I see.
The holidays are upon us, and that certainly is a time to give thanks for our country's many blessings. And there's no greater blessing than the courage of the young men and women who wear our country's uniform. They are all volunteers. They willingly put their lives at risk so that all Americans can live in peace and freedom.
Sunday's announcement that Time Magazine has named the men and women of America's armed forces as the 2003 Person of the Year is a wonderful and certainly a well-deserved recognition of their remarkable achievements, and there have been many. At this time last year, a vicious dictator ruled Iraq. He was a man who took pleasure in having dozens of people thrown off the tops of several-story buildings to their death; whose security apparatus tortured innocent men, women and children; and who murdered literally hundreds of thousands of people over his time in office and piled their bodies in mass graves.
Today, Saddam Hussein has been removed from power. The man who terrorized a nation and who sought to terrorize the world was found cowering in a hole in the ground. Instead of a palace, he now spends his time in a prison cell, waiting for justice for his crimes. And the Iraqi people face a future not of fear, but of freedom. And that is what the armed forces have accomplished in the last 12 months alone.
Since September 11th of 2001, they have accomplished even more. They've rescued two nations; liberated some 50 million people; helped to capture or kill nearly two-thirds of the known senior al Qaeda operatives; broken up terrorist cells, and prevented terrorist attacks on several continents. These are important achievements. Yet it is also important to remember that terrorists still threaten our country, and that we remain engaged in a dangerous and, to be sure, difficult war, and that it will not be over soon.
We also recognize the lesson of September 11th, that the only way to deal with terrorists is to take the battle to them, to hunt them down, and to capture or kill them before they can kill more innocent Americans. That is what the men and women of the armed forces are doing this day and every day. We are grateful for their courage, proud of their service, and appreciate the time they sacrifice away from their loved ones so that all Americans can live in freedom. Those who wear the country's uniform are indeed the Person of the Year every year, and God bless them all.
Dick Myers.
Gen. Myers: Thank you, Mr. Secretary, and good afternoon. As you all know, I just returned from a trip to Iraq, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Bahrain and Djibouti, where I had a great visit with our servicemen and -women. At every stop, I was able to thank them and express America's appreciation for putting their lives on the line for their country. I was able to talk to hundred of soldiers, sailors, airmen, Marines, Coast Guardsmen, DoD civilians individually and to see how they're really doing. I do talk to General Abizaid every day and see numerous reports from the field, but it takes on a whole different perspective when you get a chance to see these individuals face to face.
The troops and the families that I met in some of those countries are doing just great. They look sharp; many inspection-ready, just as sharp as the day they left the United States for their mission overseas. They're confident, and they fully understand the mission and how important it is to our defense.
And just as important to our national security are the servicemen and -women who are stationed throughout the United States supporting what we can Operation Noble Eagle. Many of those are away from home as well.
Operation Noble Eagle, as you may recall, is the official name that was given to the mission of homeland defense in September of 2001. We don't talk about it as often, but Operation Noble Eagle continues and takes on an added sense of urgency this week with the increase in the terror alert.
As you know, Northern Command was stood up just over one year ago for this very purpose of homeland security. We're taking this threat very seriously and have put in place several added security measures. Since 9/11, the U.S. military has scrambled fighters and vectored air patrols more than 1,600 times to respond to potential air threats, and have combined with AWACS and air refueling tankers to fly more than 32,000 sorties in this Operation Noble Eagle mission.
Americans may see similar security precautions over the holidays. And without talking specifically, they may see additional air patrols over select cities and facilities; an increase in the air defense posture here in Washington, D.C.; and combat aircraft could be put on a higher alert at different air bases throughout the country. We have dedicated people and resources available to protect our citizens, and we are taking some of those precautions today.
Let me also say, along with the secretary, something about the Time Magazine cover honoring the American soldier. I'm delighted that Time chose to recognize these men and women. The three soldiers on the cover represent every soldier, sailor, airmen, Marine, and Coast Guardsman serving in our armed forces. Whether they are active duty, whether they're reserve, whether they're part of the National Guard, today's servicemembers are indeed America's best.
And with that, we'll take your questions.
Q: Mr. Secretary, General Myers, will the Department of Defense discontinue the policy of mandatory anthrax vaccines for servicemembers and allow those who have been disciplined for refusing to take them to have their cases reconsidered? And also, what's your response to the judge's suggestion that the Pentagon has used troops as Guinea pigs for an experimental drug?
Sec. Rumsfeld: The decision is recent. The lawyers are examining it. And at the appropriate time, they will be making a recommendation as to the way forward. I don't want to comment on any of the specifics in your question or seem to agree with them, because I think that we'll just leave it that the lawyers are going to look at it; they're going to recommend a way forward, and then the department will proceed on the basis of their recommendations very likely.
The only kind of thing I would say in addition is, obviously the comment that you quoted, if in fact the judge said it, is inaccurate.
Q: Mr. Secretary --
Gen. Myers: Could I just --
Sec. Rumsfeld: And I've not read the decision, so I'm not going to --
Q: (Inaudible) -- the decision.
Gen. Myers: Could I --
Sec. Rumsfeld: Yeah.
Gen. Myers: -- pile on just a second? This drug that we're using, the vaccine has been around for 40 years. It is not experimental. It's approved by the FDA. And from a military standpoint, I think it's extremely important. As you know, when we went into Iraq, we had all the troops in their chemical protective gear, because we thought there was a very real threat of either chemical or biological weapons, and in particular, anthrax was a big worry.
It's still a worry in many parts of the world. And the one thing you can do to protect people is this vaccine. As the secretary said, the courts are going to have to figure this out. It will become probably a legal matter to some degree. But from a military standpoint, I think it's very important we have this capability to protect our troops and enable them to do their job.
Sec. Rumsfeld: And I've had the shots, so it's not as though anyone's in --
Gen. Myers: And I've had the shots.
Q: Mr. Secretary, Time Magazine also said that perhaps you may have changed your mind about increasing troop strength, particularly in the Army, perhaps adding two more divisions or 20,000 soldiers. Up until this article, you and General Myers and others have been almost adamantly opposed to increasing the end strength, saying that we don't need any more U.S. troops in Iraq or Afghanistan. Have you really changed your mind, or are you just bowing to the Congress?
Sec. Rumsfeld: (Laughs.) You know, you could take that question and parse it and point out how imperfect it was. (Laughter.) But I would not want to do that right before the holidays. I think that would be wrong.
Q: Thank you, sir.
Sec. Rumsfeld: And I want to be gracious to you, even though it's obviously a question that can't be answered quite the way you put it. I always listen to the Congress, so nothing's changed there. If it -- I've not read the magazine, so if in fact it says what you've said it said, namely that I've changed my mind, that would be inaccurate also.
Where I am is exactly where I have been, and that is that we -- that is to say, the department -- will continue to study the question of stress on the force and end strength. We do it systematically; we do it seriously; and we do it because we recognize how critically important it is to be able to attract and retain the men and women we need to see that this country is safe and secure.
We have no analytical work or studies that suggest that end strength should be either increased or decreased. It is perfectly proper for individuals to opine on that absent any analytical work or any justification, because people can say what they wish to say. It is not responsible for us to opine on that absent analytical work or justification.
So, instead of opining, what we have been doing is analyzing the situation and looking for a variety of ways -- we now have our services and others working on some 35, 40 different ways that stress can be reduced on the force. We've managed to get the Congress to cooperate and pass legislation on a new personnel system that should enable us to reduce some stress on the force. I met today with one of our senior officials in the department who has just this week or this month returned some 300 people to the uniformed service who had been performing functions that were not needed to be performed by military people. And he estimates that he'll have another 300 in very short order ready to be returned to the services.
So what we're doing is finding ways to increase end strength, that is to say, increase the total number of men and women in uniform available for activities that require men and women in uniform without, in fact, increasing overall end strength. And where we will be in the future is we will be wherever we have to be. If facts determine that we need to increase end strength, we will, needless to say, make a recommendation to the President and Congress and do it. If that is not the case, we will not do it. And in the meantime, we'll do a lot of things to systematically reduce the stress on the force, because we have to worry not just about today, where our recruiting and retention goals are for the most part being met; we have to worry about six months, eight months, 12 months, 18 months out, because it takes that kind of time to arrange yourself so that you have the appropriate number of folks ready to do the military assignments for our country.
Q: In your Christmas --
Q: And a follow up please.
Q: In your Christmas magnanimity, may I just then kind of recapitulate? So if I understand you --
Sec. Rumsfeld: You want to just start with an apology for the question? (Laughter.)
Q: (Inaudible) -- to apologize, certainly. In my Christmas spirit, I always want to apologize to the secretary of Defense and to the chairman of the Joint Chiefs. But as I understand you then, at the moment, no clear change from your current policy. You say you have always had the same, and you are steady. But, the bottom line is, when will these studies be codified to the point where you will know definitively whether you need to bring in more troops or not, not just from other avenues --
Sec. Rumsfeld: When we get there, we'll announce it. And what's happening is, every day, things are being done to better manage the force. And the better you manage the force, the less stress on the force. And the less stress on the force, the more likelihood that you're going to have the kind of recruiting and retention targets met that you need. It will be -- the outcome of all of that -- some of these will be false starts. They won't achieve what we thought could be achieved. So we know that. Others are achieving things, like the one I just mentioned today. I had no knowledge of that, and suddenly I find that 300 have just been returned. And that's just in one very, very small element of this department.
So good things are happening consistently because people are focusing on it, and people are elevating that issue in a way that we all recognize what needs to be done.
Q: Mr. Secretary, to follow on that. Dozens of members of Congress, the House in particular, have let it be known -- (coughs) -- excuse me, that they intent to include in the '05 budget submission, if it's not there, the addition of perhaps up to two divisions, two more Army divisions. Would it be irresponsible of them --
Q: -- to do so in the absence of the --
Sec. Rumsfeld: You didn't listen to my first answer. I just said anyone can say or recommend anything they want.
Q: You also said it would be irresponsible --
Sec. Rumsfeld: For us. No, for us.
Q: Okay.
Sec. Rumsfeld: You should listen more carefully. Really, I'm terribly worried you're going to go off to vacation with a misunderstanding here. (Laughter.)
Q: I don't get any vacation.
Sec. Rumsfeld: Well, I did not say what you said I said. I said that it -- that we are the ones that have the obligation of making recommendations and justifying them and demonstrating why the taxpayers' dollars ought to or ought not to be used in a certain way. That's our job. Others ought to be probing and pushing and challenging and testing and opining, and that's fine. I was very clear on that, I thought. I'm just terribly disappointed that you -- (laughter.)
Q: Sorry.
Sec. Rumsfeld: Yes.
Q: For both of you gentlemen, if we could go back to Code Orange for a minute.
Sec. Rumsfeld: That's Homeland Security Department. You're in the wrong pew. (Laughter.)
Q: Well, General Myers certainly discussed it.
Q: You're a member of the Homeland Security Council, sir.
Sec. Rumsfeld: True. (Laughter.) I apologize. (Laughter.)
Q: Thank you. So do I. (Laughter.)
Q: Is this tit-for-tat, Mr. Secretary?
Q: Well, presuming that neither of you can discuss specific intelligence, nonetheless, can you offer, in the holiday season here, the American people and American troops your perspective so people can better understand, is this Code Orange that you've discussed from the podium today truly serious? Is this -- is there something that you can say to put into perspective how serious you view this?
And General Myers, if I was understanding you particularly, you spoke only of air defense being increased over Washington. Literally, is that accurate, sir? Is it only over Washington, or should we assume other places as well? Can you explain why only over Washington? It raises an interesting question, of course.
Gen. Myers: I'll take the last part first, I think, and leave the intel' to the secretary. No, what I said was that we -- I gave you some examples of steps that we could take. I mentioned the National Capital region, where we could increase the air defense here. I also talked about air defense over other cities and critical infrastructure sites throughout the country.
Q: I --
Gen. Myers: And so if people looked up and saw more combat air patrols, then that would be -- so no-- it's more broad.
Sec. Rumsfeld: I'd just make a quick comment. A elevated alert level or force protection level costs money. It costs money for the federal government. It costs money for the state and local governments.
Second, it imposes a stress on people involved; that is to say, the United States military, other federal agencies, state governments, local governments. Any time you are asked to do things that you do not normally do in a lower threat level or a lower force protection level, it costs money, and it causes stress on military and civilian at all levels of government.
Therefore, you do not do it lightly. You ask: Is it serious? Yes, you bet your life. People don't do that unless it's a serious situation.
Q: But perhaps people are confused because then you hear, you know, high-level government officials, the president on down, saying, "But Americans, of course, should go about their business over the holiday season." What's your perspective on all of this? Help people understand.
Sec. Rumsfeld: Right. Well, I think the president said it exactly correctly, and I don't know that it needs a lot of amplification from me. Reasonable people, at -- in various departments and agencies, look at the intelligence information and make recommendations in the Homeland Security Council and then to the president as to what kinds of homeland security announcements ought to be made. And they do it recognizing the cost, they do it recognizing the stress, and they do it recognizing that the American people hear it and then have to know how to behave off of it.
And if there were a perfect way to say to the American people, "Do this, A, B, C, and don't do that, A, B and C," they would do so.
Obviously, when you have these kinds of pieces of information, you look at them. They're imprecise. They're imperfect. But at some point, when you're trying to connect the dots before the fact, you come to a conclusion -- the appropriate people do, not this department, in this case -- they come to a conclusion that it's important to send information to state and local governments and other federal agencies, of a specific nature, to behave in specific way and to raise these force protection levels and threat levels.
And they say simultaneously to the American people and another audience who hears that -- they hear these threat levels being changed -- that we're doing it because we believe we have good reason to do it. And to the extent that people can be protected from terrorist threats, your federal government, your state government, your local government are doing the things that we believe are appropriate, given the threat level. So that's -- that's what it is.
By the same token, we're free people. We shouldn't sit around, you know, hiding under chairs and hoping it would go away. We have to live our lives. And that's what we'll all do. And that's precisely what the president suggested.
Q: Mr. Secretary?
Q: Acknowledging that prosecuting the war on terror doesn't lend itself to the sort of year-end analysis the media likes to go through, I'd like to have you recall where you were a year ago and what you were talking about a year ago. Fewer than half the al Qaeda operatives, according to the statistics released here, were captured, Saddam was still a threat, there was a building military posture -- the U.S. and coalition partners -- to confront Saddam. Now in the briefing today, two-thirds of the al Qaeda operatives captured, Saddam out of power, yet the United States is in a higher threat level. Can you explain to the American people how the war on terror is different now than it was a year ago, the key milestones of success, and what may be facing the American people in the future?
Sec. Rumsfeld: Well, I touched on that in my opening remarks. The global war on terror is not something that is going to end precipitously, and it's not going to end with a surrender on the USS Missouri; it is a war that is -- where we have no choice but to go after the terrorists where they are. Terrorism is not something that you can defend against in your homeland and think that they're not going to bother you. They did bother us; they killed 3,000 people. They are bothering us now with threats that suggest that we needed to elevate the threat levels.
Our choice is the only choice, and that -- if we want to live as free people, we simply have to find the terrorists where they are and capture or kill them and break up the terrorist networks and dry up their funding. And we have moved through the past 12 months and made notable, specific progress in a variety of ways. And not to suggest that it's over: it isn't. It will continue for some period into the future. But the cooperation between some 90 nations, the cooperation between all elements of national power, public and private, across the span of the federal government to address the threat in each of its manifestations, whether it's financing or whether it's law enforcement cooperation, or whether it's a specific attack against an individual or a group of individuals, all of those things need to be done. And the reality is that there are still terrorists out there, and they are still issuing threats in ways that cause us to make the kinds of announcements that were made this past weekend.
Q: As a follow-up, sir, you would clearly assert that the Iraqi are safer that Saddam is gone. How, specifically, are the American people safer?
Sec. Rumsfeld: The American people are safer because of the coalition that's been put together, the cooperation in sharing law enforcement information, the cooperation in squeezing off finances. There's no question but that there're any number of terrorist acts that were stopped prior to their actually occurring. We know that. And the pressure that is being put on today, on terrorists in a variety of locations, is something that makes it that much harder for people to do what they do. It's harder for them to raise money, it's harder for them to move across a border, it's harder for them to communicate with each other. It is harder for them to assemble. And all of that advantages those of us who do not believe that killing innocent men, women and children is a good thing.
General Myers?
Pam.
Q: I'd like to indulge your holiday spirit on a question, since I'm not sure you'll like this one. There is a recently --
Sec. Rumsfeld: (inaudible).
Q: Yes, sir. A recently declassified memo -- 20 years ago, the use of chemical against Iranians and Kurds, it wasn't sufficient to sever ties with Iraq. And indeed the United States government was trying to improve that relationship, and you played a role in that. They asked you to go over and talk to Saddam Hussein about a couple of issues. Twenty years later, the same use of those weapons in those same instances was one of the main reasons cited for going to war.
So you played a role, a central role, in each one of these and I'm wondering of you could explain to people who might look at that cynically and say, Exactly how much of this humanitarian outrage for what happened to the Kurds can we believe here --
Sec. Rumsfeld: Well --
Q: -- if 20 years later, it only got acted on.
Sec. Rumsfeld: I am told that a newspaper printed something out of the archives; I've not seen it. It --
Q: It's a memo from Shultz -- I think it's (to you ?).
Sec. Rumsfeld: It's apparently a memo or something from then- Secretary of State George Shultz. I don't know if it was to me or not, but someone said it was to somebody else, saying that he should be given instructions to do something, which would mean it was not necessarily to me. It may have been --
Q: It's not the memo I'm asking about --
Sec. Rumsfeld: Well, I know, but you've raised it here for the world to see and I thought I might have my time to answer it.
In any event, I don't know that I ever saw it. But to put it into context, the Iraqis were using chemicals and the United States had taken a very strong position against their using chemical weapons.
That is to say, the government of our country was quite publicly opposed to the use of those weapons. They were opposed publicly, and they were opposed privately. And if one brings it fast forward, 20- plus years later, and looks around the world and thinks of the countries that are doing things we don't like today, we do two things simultaneously. We publicly and privately tell them we don't like what they're doing -- as we do North Korea, as we have Libya -- but we simultaneously may very well have interaction with them at one level or another: through the Department of State, through the Department of Defense, through private parties from time to time. And so, you'll see a situation where there's a country that is not behaving as we would like them to behave and not behaving the way we behave. But we nonetheless either have diplomatic relations, or we have diplomatic interaction with them, and communicate on a variety of subjects. That is, there's nothing unusual about that then, there is certainly nothing unusual about it today. We are doing it today in a number of instances. And one ought not to be surprised about that. And the only surprise, really, was that someone reached down into a duffle bag, 20 years old, and pulled that out and pretended surprise.
Q: How did you find Saddam Hussein --
Q: I don't that it's some -- I don't know that it's so much surprise, but I sense that -- I guess there's continuing questions about why the war. And you've answered that a gazillion times, so you don't need to go into that again. But it sort of -- it feeds one part of society's sense that there's a lot more to this war than was stated, or maybe a lot less.
Sec. Rumsfeld: That would be a misunderstanding.
Q: How did you find Saddam Hussein when you met with him 20 years ago?
Sec. Rumsfeld: (Pause.) We knew his address then. (Laughter.)
Q: I mean, was he --
Q: (inaudible)? (Laughter.)
Q: Are Chinese companies banned from going to bid for reconstruction contracts in Iraq, and if not, who do they ask this for, to the Coalition Authority or the Iraqis? And I have one question to General Myers --
Sec. Rumsfeld: Why don't we just do them one at a time? Let's take that one.
So everyone's clear, the United States did not ban any company from doing anything. The United States published a list of companies that it said could bid on prime contracts for funds that were provided by the American taxpayer. It did not address what the Iraqi money can be spent for, it did not address what any other of the 185 nations across this global that give money to Iraq, what their money can be spent for. It did not address subcontracts. All it did was, it published a list of countries that said those countries can bid on prime contracts for the funds that the United States taxpayer are putting up. And it left open the question on subcontracts; it left open the questions on Iraqi money and on the money that is donated by every other country on the face of the Earth.
Q: How do you dispute they're bidding the primary contract bids, oil industry and infrastructure, all the anti-war countries are not getting those?
Sec. Rumsfeld: I think I explained it perfectly. And any country can do anything that I have just said. And that's entirely up to them. It's really not complicated.
Q: A few minutes ago, in answering the question about safety of the United States with Saddam Hussein gone, you mentioned terrorist attacks having been stopped.
Q: Were they attacks directed inside the United States or in the Middle East?
Sec. Rumsfeld: I'd have to go back. I've got two that are in Asia -- three that are in Asia that just leapt into my mind. There have also been terrorist attacks we believe -- one can't know with certain knowledge until after the fact -- (laughs) -- but we believe that terrorists attacks in this country as well as in other countries around the world have been prevented by virtue of the fact that information came in which enabled people to do things and to behave in certain ways that dissuaded and deterred those attacks from taking place.
Q: Did it result in any arrests, Mr. Secretary? I mean --
Sec. Rumsfeld: Yes, it has.
Q: -- are these case that are --
Sec. Rumsfeld: It has.
Q: -- that are --
Sec. Rumsfeld: I've mentioned from this podium, for example, one involving Singapore.
Q: But that's not Saddam Hussein, sir. That's more broad global war on terrorism.
Sec. Rumsfeld: Actually I was talking about the global war on terror.
Q: You mentioned domestic. You thought that there were some cases where possible terrorist attack aimed at the United States were thwarted. I'm wondering if you could cite those examples. I just --
Sec. Rumsfeld: I can't.
Q: Off the top of my head, I can't recall any specifically.
Sec. Rumsfeld: I say it's hard to prove them until they've happened, and then it's too late to prove that they didn't happen. So it's a difficult thing to prove a negative. There have been instances where I am persuaded that terrorist attacks in this country and in other countries didn't happen because of steps that were taken.
Q: And in light of the progress that you said is being made in the war on terrorism, specifically the progress made against al Qaeda, how is it then that al Qaeda -- because intelligence reports apparently indicate that al Qaeda may be at the center of these latest threats against the U.S. -- how is it then that al Qaeda can continue to threaten what is arguably the most powerful country in the world?
Sec. Rumsfeld: Well, because it's not hard. I mean, a -- if you think about it, the United States develops technologies that -- we make them available all across the globe. Terrorists can go take off the shelf technology that they didn't have to develop, that they didn't have the infrastructure or the inventors or the scientists or anything else to develop. But they can buy it, and they have it. So they can use 21st-century technology against the United States with relative ease.
Second, they can attack at any time, at any place, using any technique, and it's not physically possible to defend at any time in every place against every conceivable technique. It's just physically not possible, which is why it is so necessary that the battle be taken to them.
And you say, "How can a murderer murder?" All they have to do is go murder someplace, somebody. And that's how they do that. And they can do it particularly to a soft target, to an innocent man, woman or child. They can also, you know, do what they did with respect to the airplanes.
So they go to school watching what -- how people behave, select out opportunities of -- targets of opportunity and seize them. And our task is put enough pressure on them so that there are fewer of them, it's harder for them to function. But to stop that -- all of it, obviously, is not possible. We just saw what happened in several countries. Just in the last six months we've seen terrorist attacks in various countries around (sic).
So there was -- yes?
Q: Can you describe any developments you've observed in the Iraqi insurgency since Saddam's capture, any effect that Saddam's capture has had on it?
Gen. Myers: Well, a couple. One is, it's enabled us to pick up lots of former regime elements. And just yesterday we picked up 50. Twenty-nine were actually targeted, I mean, individuals we wanted. We went after them, got them. That's just one day. So we've been pretty successful at that.
I think we've gotten more insight into a little bit about structure, how the former regime elements are structured. And we've had an increase in Iraqis willing to come forward and provide information to coalition forces and to Iraqis. And that's very helpful. Same phenomena that happened after his sons were killed is happening again, which is a good sign. And it probably tells you the role that fear plays in people's minds. And so when he's gone, people are more willing to come forward. So those were, I think, three examples.
Q: How --
Sec. Rumsfeld: We'll make this the last question.
Q: Thank you, Mr. Secretary. Earlier in this briefing, you saluted the American fighting man and woman for their dramatic victories in both Afghanistan and Iraq. Sizeable amounts of the military are still in both places, and this government is deeply involved in the post-combat reconstruction. As you look at those two experiences and your future plans for transforming this building, should the Pentagon reorganize how it prepares for that period after the end of major combat operations? Should there be a standing force, interagency process, something to do differently in the future?
Sec. Rumsfeld: I think there are several things that one would have to do, and in thinking it through and looking at lessons learned, certainly the combatant commanders are going to have to be prepared for a series of eventualities when major combat activity ends in a conflict and be able to shift rapidly to adjust to whatever the circumstances might be on the ground.
Second, we have to re-balance our active and our Reserve forces in a way that we have better staying power. We have very large percentages -- 60, 70, 80, 90 percentages -- of some skill sets in the Reserves, and the theory being that you only needed them when you needed them for short periods. The reality is, when need them when we need them, but we need them for longer periods. And therefore, we're going to have to move out of the active force some activities that are of less immediate need and out of the Reserve some activities that are more of immediate need, and that process is going forward apace.
Third, we may very well have to look at adding either in addition or in lieu of U.S. and/or other countries' capabilities in ways that they can contribute to the kinds of needs and circumstances that one might reasonably expect prospectively. One example is the step we took, oh, a year and a half ago to begin NATO developing a rapid response force, for example. I think personally that there is going to be a continuing need for peacekeepers of various types, and I think our country very likely would want to think through how we can help other countries develop those kinds of skills and capabilities and the ability to move peacekeepers into circumstances where they might be needed. We can make contributions there, and other countries can as well.
So I think there are a lot of things that we need to do like that.
Gen. Myers: Can I add just one to the list --
Sec. Rumsfeld: You bet.
Gen. Myers: -- and it's a little outside the department's lane, but it is harnessing efficiently all elements of our national power. And since we have such an international group that's working on the global war on terrorism, that's in Afghanistan, that's in Iraq, that we have to be able to efficiently harness other countries' elements of national power and bring those to bear with great focus, in addition to what the secretary said. So there's -- there is a lot of work, actually, to do.
Sec. Rumsfeld: Have a good holiday!
Q: Merry Christmas.
Gen. Myers: Happy holidays, everybody!
Gen. Myers: Be safe.
Sec. Rumsfeld: How do you get out of here? (Laughter.)
Q: You leave a trail of cracker crumbs, and you follow that.
Sec. Rumsfeld: Is that so? I need -- (off mike).
Gen. Myers: We ran out two miles back.
http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2003/tr20031223-1061.html


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Hemoglobinopathies | definition of Hemoglobinopathies by Medical dictionary
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hemoglobinopathies
Hemoglobinopathies are genetic (inherited) disorders of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of the red blood cells.
The hemoglobin molecule is composed of four separate polypeptide chains of amino acids, two alpha chains and two beta chains, as well as four iron-bearing heme groups that bind oxygen. The alpha chains are coded for by two similar genes on chromosome 16; the beta chains by a single gene on chromosome 11. Mutations and deletions in these genes cause one of the many hemoglobinopathies.
In general, hemoglobinopathies are divided into those in which the gene abnormality results in a qualitative change in the hemoglobin molecule and those in which the change is quantitative. Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is the prime example of the former, and the group of disorders known as the thalassemias constitute the latter. It has been estimated that one third of a million people worldwide are seriously affected by one of these genetic disorders.
Causes and symptoms
Sickle cell anemia (SSA), an autosomal recessive disorder more common in the Black population, is caused by a single mutation in the gene that codes for the beta polypeptide. Approximately 1/400 to 1/600 African-Americans are born with the disorder, and, one in ten is a carrier of one copy of the mutation. In certain parts of the African continent, the prevalence of the disease reaches one in fifty individuals.
The sickle cell mutation results in the substitution of the amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the sixth position of the beta polypeptide. In turn, this alters the conformation of the hemoglobin molecule and causes the red blood cells to assume a characteristic sickle shape under certain conditions. These sickle-shaped cells, no longer able to pass smoothly through small capillaries, can block the flow of blood. This obstruction results in symptoms including growth retardation, severe pain crises, tissue and organ damage, splenomegaly, and strokes. Individuals with SSA are anemic and prone to infections, particularly pneumonia, a significant cause of death in this group. Some or all of these symptoms are found in individuals who have the sickle mutation in both copies of their beta-globin gene. Persons with one abnormal gene and one normal gene are said to be carriers of the sickle cell trait. Carriers are unaffected because of the remaining normal copy of the gene.
The thalassemias are a diverse group of disorders characterized by the fact that the causative mutations result in a decrease in the amount of normal hemoglobin. Thalassemias are common in Mediterranean populations as well as in Africa, India, the Mideast, and Southeast Asia. The two main types of thalassemias are alpha-thalassemia due to mutations in the alpha polypeptide and beta-thalassemia resulting from beta chain mutations.
Since individuals possess a total of four genes for the alpha polypeptide (two genes on each of their two chromosomes 16), disease severity depends on how many of the four genes are abnormal. A defect in one or two of the genes has no clinical effect. Abnormalities of three results in a mild to moderately severe anemia (hemoglobin H disease) and splenomegaly. Loss of function of all four genes usually causes such severe oxygen deprivation that the affected fetus does not survive. A massive accumulation of fluid in the fetus (hydrops fetalis) results in stillbirth or neonatal death.
Beta thalassemias can range from mild and clinically insignificant (beta thalassemia minor) to severe and life-threatening (beta thalassemia major, also known as Cooley's anemia), depending on the exact nature of the gene mutation and whether one or both copies of the beta gene are affected. While the milder forms may only cause slight anemia, the more severe types result in growth retardation, skeletal changes, splenomegaly, vulnerability to infections, and death as early as the first decade of life.
Many countries, including the United States, have made concerted efforts to screen for sickle cell anemia at birth because of the potential for beginning early treatment and counseling parents about their carrier status. Diagnosis is traditionally made by blood tests including hemoglobin electrophoresis. Similar tests are used to determine whether an individual is a sickle cell or thalassemia carrier. In certain populations with a high prevalence of one of the mutations, carrier testing is common. If both members of a couple are carriers of one of these conditions, it is possible through prenatal genetic testing to determine if the fetus will be affected, although the severity of the disease cannot always be predicted.
Treatment of SSA has improved greatly in recent years with a resulting increase in life expectancy. The use of prophylactic (preventative) antibiotic therapy has been particularly successful. Other treatments include fluid therapy to prevent dehydration, oxygen supplementation, pain relievers, blood transfusions, and several different types of medications. Recent interest has focused on bone marrow transplantation, which has been successful in selected patients.
Since the clinically important thalassemias are characterized by severe anemia, the traditional treatment has been blood transfusion, but the multiple transfusions needed to sustain life lead to an iron overload throughout the tissues of the body and eventual destruction of the heart and other organs. For this reason, transfusion therapy must also include infusions of medications such as deferoxamine (desferroxamine) to rid the body of excess iron. Phlebotomy is another technique that has been used with some success to lower the concentration of iron in the patient's blood. As with sickle cell anemia, bone marrow therapy has been successful in some cases.
Until very recently, patients being treated with bone marrow transplants had to find a sibling or other closely related donor in order to avoid rejection of the transplant. Advances in the preparation of the transplanted cells, however, have made the use of bone marrow from unrelated donors (URD) an option for patients with hemoglobinopathies. As of 2003, the National Marrow Donor Program reports that about 40% of bone marrow transplants involve a patient in the United States receiving marrow from an international donor or an international patient receiving marrow from a donor in the United States.
Emphasis is also being placed on developing drugs that treat sickle cell anemia directly. The most promising of these drugs in the late 1990s is hydroxyurea, a drug that was originally designed for anticancer treatment. Hydroxyurea has been shown to reduce the frequency of painful crises and acute chest syndrome in adults, and to lessen the need for blood transfusions. Hydroxyurea seems to work by inducing a higher production of fetal hemoglobin. The major side effects of the drug include decreased production of platelets, red blood cells, and certain white blood cells. The effects of long-term hydroxyurea treatment are unknown; however, a nine-year follow-up study of 299 adults with frequent painful crises reported in 2003 that taking hydroxyurea was associated with a 40% reduction in mortality.
Another promising development for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies is gene therapy, which has interested researchers since the early 1990s. In late 2001, genetic scientists reported that they had designed a gene that might lead to a future treatment of sickle cell anemia. Although the gene had not been tested in humans, early results showed that the injected gene protected cells from sickling. As of 2003, experiments in gene therapy for sickle cell disease have been carried out in mice, using lentiviral vectors to transfer the corrective gene into the mouse's stem cells. This technique, however, has not yet been attempted in human subjects as of late 2003.
Hemoglobinopathies are life-long disorders. The prognosis depends upon the exact nature of the mutation, the availability of effective treatment, as well as the individual's compliance with therapies. Hemoglobinopathies significantly complicate pregnancy, and increase the risk of infant mortality.
Because the hemoglobinopathies are inherited diseases, primary prevention involves carriers making reproductive decisions to prevent passage of the abnormal gene to their offspring. At present, most prevention is targeted toward the symptoms using treatments such as those described above.
Amino acids — Organic compounds that form the building blocks of protein. There are 20 different amino acids.
Autosomal recessive — A pattern of inheritance in which both copies of an autosomal gene must be abnormal for a genetic condition or disease to occur. An autosomal gene is a gene that is located on one of the autosomes or non-sex chromosomes. When both parents have one abnormal copy of the same gene, they have a 25% chance with each pregnancy that their offspring will have the disorder.
Hemoglobin — Protein-iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells and carries carbon dioxide away from the cells.
Hydroxyurea — A drug that has been shown to induce production of fetal hemoglobin. Fetal hemoglobin has a pair of gamma-globin molecules in place of the typical beta-globins of adult hemoglobin. Higher-than-normal levels of fetal hemoglobin can prevent sickling from occurring.
Phlebotomy — Drawing blood from a vein for diagnosis or treatment. Phlebotomy is sometimes used in the treatment of hemoglobinopathies to lower the iron concentration of the blood.
Sickle cell — A red blood cell that has assumed an elongated shape due to the presence of hemoglobin S.
Splenomegaly — Enlargement of the spleen.
Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD., editors. "Anemias Caused by Excessive Hemolysis: Sickle Cell Diseases." Section 11, Chapter 127 In The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2004.
Beers, Mark H., MD, and Robert Berkow, MD., editors. "Pregnancy Complicated by Disease: Hemoglobinopathies." Section 18, Chapter 251 In The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Research Laboratories, 2004.
Behrman, Richard E., et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 16th ed. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 2000.
Jorde, Lynn B., et al. Medical Genetics. 2nd ed. New York: Mosby, 1999.
Davies, S. C., and A. Gilmore. "The Role of Hydroxyurea in the Management of Sickle Cell Disease." Blood Reviews 17 (June 2003): 99-109.
Koduri, P. R. "Iron in Sickle Cell Disease: A Review Why Less Is Better." American Journal of Hematology 73 (May 2003): 59-63.
Krishnamurti, L., S. Abel, M. Maiers, and S. Flesch. "Availability of Unrelated Donors for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Hemoglobinopathies." Bone Marrow Transplantation 31 (April 2003): 547-550.
Markham, M. J., R. Lottenberg, and M. Zumberg. "Role of Phlebotomy in the Management of Hemoglobin SC Disease: Case Report and Review of the Literature." American Journal of Hematology 73 (June 2003): 121-125.
Nienhuis, A. W., H. Hanawa, N. Sawai, et al. "Development of Gene Therapy for Hemoglobin Disorders." Annals of the New York Academy of Science 996 (May 2003): 101-111.
Olivieri, Nancy F. "The Beta-Thalassemias." The New England Journal of Medicine 341, no. 2 (July 1999): 99-109.
Steinberg, M. H., F. Barton, O. Castro, et al. "Effect of Hydroxyurea on Mortality and Morbidity in Adult Sickle Cell Anemia: Risks and Benefits up to 9 Years of Treatment." Journal of the American Medical Association 289 (April 2, 2003): 1645-1651.
American Sickle Cell Anemia Association. http://www.ascaa.org.
National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP). Suite 500, 3001 Broadway Street Northeast, Minneapolis, MN 55413. (800) 627-7692. 〈http://www.marrowdonor.org〉.
Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc. 200 Corporate Point Suite 495, Culver City, CA 90230-8727. (800) 421-8453. Scdaa@sicklecelldisease.org. http://sicklecelldisease.org/.
Sickle Cell Information Center. PO Box 109, Grady Memorial Hospital, 80 Bulter Street, SE, Atlanta, GA 30303. (404) 616-3572. http://www.emory.edu.
Hemoglobinopathies
Amniotic Fluid Analysis and L/S Ratio
Autosomal recessive
avidity
beta hemoglobinopathy
beta-thalassemia
Biopsy, Chorionic Villus
British Foetal Haemoglobin
Calculus, Kidney Stone Panel
chorionic villus sampling
Complete Blood Count, Hematocrit
Complete Blood Count, Hemoglobin
Complete Blood Count, RBC Count
Complete Blood Count, RBC Indices
Complete Blood Count, RBC Morphology and Inclusions
cordocentesis
The global hemoglobinopathies market size is expected to reach USD 12.6 billion by 2026, according to this report.
Global $12.6Bn Hemoglobinopathies Market by 2026 - Pre-Implant Genetic Diagnosis is Estimated to Witness a Lucrative CAGR of Over 8%
Multivariate regression analysis applied to all 370 patients showed that having filarial infection increased the odds of having SMM by 6.49 and the existence of [less than or equal to] 1 hemoglobinopathies increased the odds by 3.93.
Submicroscopic Malaria in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Spain
The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge and attitude toward hemoglobinopathies PMS program among unmarried population in Jeddah, KSA.
Knowledge and attitude toward hemoglobinopathies premarital screening program among unmarried population in western Saudi Arabia
Hemoglobinopathies among five major ethnic groups in Karachi, Pakistan.
Multiple complications in sickle cell anaemia
Sawant et al., "HPLC studies in hemoglobinopathies," Indian Journal of Pediatrics, vol.
A Novel Technique of Spectral Discrimination of Variants of Sickle Cell Anemia
Contact with live poultry should be avoided in those at risk for developing serious infections including persons aged 5 years or younger, 65 years or older, immunocompromised individuals, and those with hemoglobinopathies.
Are patients' backyards breeding Salmonella infections?
HPLC retention time as a diagnostic tool for Hemoglobin variants and hemoglobinopathies: a study of 60,000 samples in a clinical diagnostic laboratory.
A Primed Hemoglobinopathy Screen
Spleen is also commonly involved in different hemoglobinopathies and usually manifest with splenomegaly, hypersplenism, acute splenic sequestration, and splenic infarction [7, 8].
Sickle Cell Beta-Plus Thalassemia with Subcapsular Hematoma of the Spleen
The indications for HCV therapy are the same in patients with and without hemoglobinopathies. Given that both drugs cause anemia, the use of PEG-IFN plus RBV should be avoided in patients with hemoglobinopathies, when possible.
HEP-NET OPINION ABOUT THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN PAKISTAN IN THE ERA OF AVAILABLE DIRECT ACTING ANTIVIRALS
Hemoglobinopathies are a major public health problem in Saudi Arabia.
INCIDENCE OF b-THALASSEMIA CARRIERS IN MUZAFFARABAD, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
New Delhi, India, March 11, 2016 --(PR.com)-- The Hemoglobinopathies market report studies current as well as future aspects of the Hemoglobinopathies Market based upon factors such as market dynamics, key ongoing trends and segmentation analysis.
Global Hemoglobinopathies Market Size, Shares, Strategies and Forecasts Worldwide 2015 - 2022 - Research Corridor
Genetic disorders, and in particular hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia are common in Saudi Arabia, especially in the eastern and southern regions.
90% with genetic disorders marry cousins
hemolysate
hemolysin
hemolysin BL
hemolysin unit
hemolysinogen
hemolytic
hemolytic anemia
hemolytic anemia of newborn
hemolytic crisis
hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemoglobinopathies-Major Biochemical Forms
hemoglobinopepsia
Hemoglobinophilic Bacteria
Hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal
hemoglobinuric fever
Hemogoblin
Hemogramme


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Friday Night Bombshell: Stephen Mandel and 5 Alberta Party candidates ineligible to run as candidates in 2019 election
9 Comments on Friday Night Bombshell: Stephen Mandel and 5 Alberta Party candidates ineligible to run as candidates in 2019 election
This is not the kind of thing any political party wants to deal with an election call only weeks away.
Alberta Party leader Stephen Mandel and five of the party's candidates and their chief financial officers have been deemed ineligible to run as candidates or serve as CFOs in the 2019 election. The decision from Elections Alberta includes a 5-year ban from seeking provincial political office or serving in a CFO role.
The decision impacts Mandel, who was nominated in Edmonton-McClung, Rachel Timmermans in Calgary-Lougheed, Ali Haymour in Edmonton-Decore, Diana Ly in Edmonton-Gold Bar, Amrit Matharu in Edmonton-Meadows, and Moe Rahall in Edmonton-Castle Downs.
Mandel became leader of the centre-right Alberta Party in February 2018. He previously served as Mayor of Edmonton from 2004 to 2013 and as the Progressive Conservative MLA for Edmonton-Whitemud and Minister of Health from 2014 to 2015.
The ban also applies to Mandel's CFO, Brian Heidecker, who previously served as CFO for numerous PC Party candidates and for Doug Griffiths' campaign during his 2011 bid for that party's leadership.
Sources in the party tell me this decision was a result of missed deadlines or improperly submitted paperwork filed by the candidates and their CFOs with Elections Alberta following their nomination meetings.
Section 57 of Alberta's Election Act allows the Chief Elections Officer to deem an individual as prohibited from being nominated as a provincial election candidate for a period of eight or five years if they fail to file required statements with Elections Alberta. (In September 2017, I wrote about some other past candidates who were included in this list).
The party's lawyers are planning to challenge the Elections Alberta decision at the Court of Queen's Bench.
If the court overturns the Elections Alberta decision, this is still a pretty embarrassing situation. But if the court does not overturn the ban, the Alberta Party may be scrambling to find a new leader with only a few weeks before an election call.
NDP CFO on the banned list
Also recently included on the list is the New Democratic Party's Director of Operations Will Gammon, who serves as Chief Financial Officer for 9 of the party's nominated or soon-to-be nominated candidates and 18 of the party's registered constituency associations. Gammon's appearance on the list appears to a result of his role a CFO for Innisfail-Sylvan Lake by-election candidate Nicole Mooney, who is also now ineligible to run as a candidate for the next 5 years.
Former PC Party MLA Steve Young, who was unsuccessful in his bid to win the United Conservative Party nomination in Edmonton-Glenora, and Shaun Collicott, who lost a bid for the UCP nomination in Edmonton-Rutherford, are also on the banned list.
Tags Alberta Election 2019, Alberta Election Candidate Nominations, Alberta NDP, Alberta Party, Ali Haymour, Amrit Matharu, Brian Heidecker, Calgary-Lougheed, Court of Queen's Bench, Diana Ly, Doug Griffiths, Edmonton-Castle Downs, Edmonton-Decore, Edmonton-Glenora, Edmonton-Gold Bar, Edmonton-McClung, Edmonton-Meadows, Edmonton-Rutherford, Edmonton-Whitemud, Innisfail-Sylvan Lake, Innisfail-Sylvan Lake by-election, Moe Rahall, Nicole Mooney, Rachel Timmermans, Shaun Collicott, Stephen Mandel, Steve Young, United Conservative Party, Will Gammon
← Rakhi Pancholi nominated for NDP in Edmonton-Whitemud, NDP to hold 3 more candidate selection meetings on Feb. 9 → Episode 28: An Unconstitutional Dog Ate My Homework
9 replies on "Friday Night Bombshell: Stephen Mandel and 5 Alberta Party candidates ineligible to run as candidates in 2019 election"
Q-Nonsays:
Bring back Greg Clark!
Christie Ksays:
ho boy.
1. If Mandel can't fill out simple paperwork how can he expect to convince us he'll be a good premier or opposition leader?
2. What the hell is wrong inside the Alberta Party that they can't get simple paperwork filled out complete and on time?
3. Is Greg Clark ready to take over as leader again if Mandel doesn't get the ban overruled?
Brandonsays:
Calling the party "centre right" is inaccurate and unfair. There is no sense in which the party is on the right of the political spectrum any more than on the left. That is, you could point to just as many things on each as evidence, so it is disingenuous to choose 'right'. Just because they oppose the NDP doesnt make them conservative.
Truth in Alberta Politicssays:
"HOWEVER…there is a much better conservative option than the UCP, and that is Alberta Party. If you want to vote conservative again but you can't stand to support the far-right, your only choice is Alberta Party. Our candidates stand for conservative values without fear mongering and heavy -fisted tactics. That's why I am running for Alberta Party. We are your Alberta alternative; we are your best choice for the 2019 Alberta provincial election." – Ali Haymour, the now ineligible Alberta Party candidate from Edmonton-Decore
http://www.vote4haymour.ca/
Ronald Gregoriaksays:
Scary things 🙁
Perhaps this is all for the best for the Alberta Party. Mr. Mandel sure as heck wasn't catching on as Alberta Party leader. The party was definitely moving in a more conservative direction, so it seems to me the most fertile ground for it would be in Calgary where fiscally conservative, socially progressive voters, who might be reluctant to support Kenney, are most numerous and where the Alberta Party already has 3 MLA's. Accordingly, it might not be such a bad thing to go back to Mr. Clark as leader and hope voters do not dwell too much on this lapse.
A last minute change in leaders is not unheard of and while tricky, seemed to work for the Ontario PC's not too long ago. Of course, they were doing much better in the polls at the time than the Alberta Party is now. I suppose the Alberta Party really needed to do something to get everyone's attention and while this may not be the best way to go about it, at least they do have our attention, at least for the momemt now.
Robertsays:
Both Mandel and Kenney are poor Leaders. We know Main Street political polls every time are more propaganda then reality. Replace both Leaders,!
Fred Alexandruksays:
A news letter, email, sent out by the Alberta Party on May 16, 2018 declared Mandel as their candidate for Edmonton -Glen. That he was selected on May 12,2018. That means it was all said and done on May 12. How can he now claim that the contest closed on July 12.??
Rsays:
Nope. The Edmonton-Glenora candidate is Glen Tickner and he was selected on the fall of 2018.


Today we ran out of the mini-waffles my son likes, so I gave him the last four, plus one normal size banana waffle. My wife reported that he "doesn't like the big waffles," and sure enough it was remaining on the plate. I figured the issue was size or cuteness or something, and that the boy was being far too picky. We came to a compromise and, not wanting to waste the waffle, I popped a piece in my mouth.
So bad I made Shoshanah try it. She immediately returned her bite to the plate, ordered me to throw it away and went inside to find something to wash that horrid taste out of her mouth. While she did that I formally apologized to Greyson for trying to make him eat that thing.
This recalled an incident when my daughter was very young, two or three, and she refused to eat her macaroni and cheese. After much cajoling we negotiated a few more bites, and again not wanting to waste it I took a bite.
Apparently I had played a little fast and loose with the recipe, unaware that it was possible to mess up Mac and Cheese.
At one party many years later, Shoshanah made a creative salad with many unusual ingredients. When my daughter Bronte reported that it was "gross", we presumed she was having trouble with the out-of-the-ordinary salad fixin's. Then we, and everyone at the party, sat down to dig in.
One of the weird lettuces had gone off or something and the salad was universally panned. Apologies were made all around, and especially to Bronte, who had gotten browbeaten about being picky.
So: Before you give the kid a hard time for saying some food is horrible — taste it.


Gris Alba is a grey Granite from Spain.
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The background stone is Gris Alba from Spain.


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Category: TESLA
SKIN SUIT / TESLA
by 0dayrox · Published June 14, 2020
SKIN SUIT (Tesla's Tommy Skeoch) – Skin Suit (2020)
Former Tesla guitarist Tommy Skeoch has a new band, SKIN SUIT, which are releasing their self-titled debut "Skin Suit". Is there any reminiscence of Tommy's previous group? While listening to it I ask myself; is this a solo album? Yes, there's a lot of Tesla here, but that's inevitable, this type of classic hard rock is part of Skeoch's DNA....
by 0dayrox · Published March 12, 2019 · Last modified June 1, 2019
TESLA – Shock [Target Exclusive +3] (2019)
Eighties American hard rockers TESLA released their new studio album "Shock" few days ago. This 'Target Exclusive' version comes with 3 extra tracks.Produced / co-written by Phil Collen (Def Leppard), Tesla's first offering in nearly five years is melodic hard rock at its finest; rockers, ballads and a few curve balls that make it "Shock' a complete package. You can...
FRANK HANNON / TESLA
by 0dayrox · Published March 7, 2019 · Last modified June 1, 2019
TESLA – Shock (2019)
Talented American hard rock band TESLA will release their new studio album "SHOCK" tomorrow. The album is comprised of 12 new tracks and is produced / co-written by Phil Collen (Def Leppard).Tesla's first offering in nearly five years is melodic hard rock at its finest; rockers, ballads and a few curve balls that make it "Shock' a complete package. You...
CATS IN SPACE / DEVICIOUS / FORTUNE / GARY HOEY / JIM PETERIK / LAST IN LINE / QUEENSRYCHE / TESLA / THE DEAD DAISIES / V.A. - Advanced Releases sampler / V.A.. / WHITESNAKE
by 0dayrox · Published February 16, 2019 · Last modified June 1, 2019
V.A. – 0dayrox Advanced Releases March-April 2019 – Vol.2
Let's go with the first advanced singles from the most anticipated albums this year.'Winds Of Change' is the long-awaited follow-up to Jim Peterik's now legendary JIM PETERIK & WORLD STAGE album. Set for release on April 26th, 'Winds Of Change' will be another melodic rock diamond featuring brand new Peterik songs in collaboration with a who's who of melodic rock's...
CANNATA / CATS IN SPACE / DEVICIOUS / HARDLINE / ROULETTE (Swe) / TESLA / V.A. - Advanced Releases sampler / V.A.. / WHITESNAKE / YNGWIE MALMSTEEN
Let's go with the first advanced singles from the most anticipated albums this year.Melodic Hard rockers HARDLINE consisting of singer Johnny Gioeli, keyboardist Alessandro Del Vecchio, guitarist Mario Percudani, bassist Anna Portalupi and drummer Marco Di Salvia have released a new single titled "Take A Chance" from their upcoming new studio album 'Life', which will be released via Frontiers Music...
FRANK HANNON / REMASTER / TESLA
by 0dayrox · Published June 17, 2018 · Last modified June 3, 2019
TESLA – Psychotic Supper [Bad Reputation 2-CD remaster / 11 bonus tracks]
French reissue label Bad Reputation has been doing a great job releasing 'Collector Series / Remastered with Bonus', with the main attraction being, on most releases, the addition of a bonus disc, making these reissues the 'definitive expanded versions'. In a Rock Candy Records fashion, these are official remasters in arrangement with the original recording companies.In the case of TESLA's...
by 0dayrox · Published May 18, 2018 · Last modified June 3, 2019
FRANK HANNON (Tesla) – From One Place To Another Vol.2 (2018)
Tesla's guitarist FRANK HANNON will release the second installment of his solo cover series, "From One Place To Another Vol. 2" on Friday, May 18. As with Vol. 1, the album features a number of special guests, this time including Roger Fisher of Heart, Graham Whitford (son of Aerosmith's Brad Whitford), Duane Betts (son of Allman Brother's Dickey), Randy Hansen...
by 0dayrox · Published February 4, 2018 · Last modified June 3, 2019
FRANK HANNON (Tesla) – From One Place… To Another! Vol.1 (2018)
Talented TESLA guitarist FRANK HANNON will release "From One Place… To Another!", a series of albums comprised of cover songs. The first of three albums to be issued in 2018 is "From One Place… To Another Vol. 1", just appeared at stores.The disc features special guest appearances by Paul Jackson (Blackberry smoke), Duane Betts (son of Dickey Betts of the...
by 0dayrox · Published June 26, 2017 · Last modified August 5, 2019
FRANK HANNON BAND (Tesla) – World Peace [retail CD]
After Tesla's released their 9th album Simplicity, shortly after it was revealed that guitarist Frank Hannon started working on a new album with his FRANK HANNON BAND entitled "World Peace". The record first appeared digital, but later this physical CD was released, not easy to find though. While on the road touring with Tesla during the summer or 2014, Frank...
FRANK HANNON (Tesla) – Six String Soldiers [full retail]
Tesla's axe slinger FRANK HANNON released his solo debut in 2004, and after several years preparing new material and assembling a new band, has created what is quickly being regarded as one of the most impressive unabashed tributes to the importance of the Guitar in Rock-n-Roll music. "Six String Soldiers" is a full length disc of 12 solidly written songs...
by 0dayrox · Published August 25, 2016
TESLA – Mechanical Resonance Live (2016)
Hard rock favorites TESLA are presenting a live recording of their classic album "Mechanical Resonance LIVE!", celebrating the original multi-Platinum record's 30th birthday in style. With a few surprises up their sleeve, including the new studio single "Save That Goodness" written & produced by Phil Collen of Def Leppard, the album will be released on August 26th. Some records pushes...
REMASTER / SHM-CD / TESLA
by 0dayrox · Published May 15, 2016 · Last modified May 30, 2019
TESLA – Mechanical Resonance [Japan SHM-CD remastered] Out Of Print
"Mechanical Resonance" is the cracking debut album by TESLA, reissued in Japan on SHM-CD in remastered form back in 2011. This was the only, Limited Release of the first 5 Tesla albums on SHM-CD now out of print and fetching high prices on eBay. Tesla came out of the gates with everything in its right place: a major label (Geffen),...
TESLA – The Great Radio Controversy [Japan SHM-CD remastered] Out Of Print
"The Great Radio Controversy" is second TESLA album, reissued in Japan on SHM-CD in remastered form back in 2011. This was the only, Limited Release of the first 5 Tesla albums on SHM-CD now out of print and fetching high prices on eBay. Considered by many the best Tesla album ever, "The Great Radio Controversy" retains the typical big-sounding production...
TESLA – Taste My Pain (2013)
* read comments Sacramento hard rockers TESLA have just released a new single, entitled "Taste My Pain" and made it available digitally through Amazon and iTunes in USA exclusively. Tesla first began work on the single in early June when guitarist Frank Hannon stated: "Jeff Keith and I made a demo in my studio, it's called "Taste My Pain" and...
DAVE RUDE BAND / TESLA
by 0dayrox · Published June 4, 2013
DAVE RUDE BAND (Tesla) – The Key (2013)
* Since joining the legendary, multi-platinum hard rock act Tesla in early 2006, guitarist Dave Rude have toured the US and overseas countless times with them. But he also pursues a solo career fronting the DAVE RUDE BAND, writing his own songs, singing and of course handling the varied guitar work. "The Key", his second CD, is being released today....


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