As more and more mail-order mattress companies begin to disrupt the retail mattress industry, some of the established names in mattress sales and other sleep products are finding ways to keep up and stay relevant in a quickly-changing marketplace. To that end, Mattress Firm is rolling out their new online mattress brand, called Tulo. Tulo is (somehow) targeted at the millennial generation in the vague way every product these days is. Because they have the advantage of having thousands of retail stores, Mattress Firm has the unique opportunity to target online bed-in-a-box shoppers with their new brand while still allowing mattress shoppers to come by and try out their Tulo mattresses in person.
We used the Dream Bed to learn what customers want. We decided to roll out a new brand to speak to a younger, more digital native audience that would still like to come in the store and try it out. We discovered that the real trend in retail is an intersect between online and brick and mortar. Other retailers obviously don't have the footprint we have to allow customers to come in and try the bed before they buy it.
So…you want people to come in your store and try your mattress, then go home and order it online and pay for shipping? Sure, go for it. At any rate, the Tulo mattresses will come in three different stiffness levels (soft, medium and firm) and will be priced between $575 and $950. Tulo mattresses can be purchased either online or in Mattress Firm retail stores. Will brick and mortar bed-in-a-box be the new wave in mattress sales, or is this an act of desperation from a company who has seen online start-ups completely upend their business model?


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With a few hours to spare on a Sunday morning, I headed out to JTree to wander about and see what I could find. And as it turned out, the hiking and finding gods were with me. I found some interesting new places to explore, I saw some things I hadn't seen before, I didn't twist or break anything, I didn't get bit by venomous insects or reptiles, nor poked by sharp plants. In fact, no blood was drawn this trip. The pictures that follow are true representations of "what I found" whilst hiking on a beautiful Sunday morning. No pixels were significantly altered.
After 50 years of visiting the monument/national park, I finally ran across a live desert tortoise, almost literally. This guy was meandering across Park Blvd. just about a mile or so into the park via the west entrance. The car ahead of me didn't stop, perhaps didn't see him, and drove right over him. Fortunately without hitting him. I pulled up behind him, flipped on my flashers and gave him time to get off the road. Then I took his picture without his permission. I felt he owed it to me.
These small yellow flowers were pretty much everywhere I visited.
This could well be the most photographed dead tree in the park. Who knows where this is?
Can dumps are amazing. Desert Gold, rusty riches.
After quite a long time, I was finally able to add another vintage automobile to my JT Collection.
Have you ever been driving along Park Blvd. and spotted something that you normally don't see, out of the corner of your eye? I recommend turning around at the nearest opportunity, heading back and hiking to what caught your eye. Even when it means something sticks you really sharp in your foot.
I think this brings my Joshua Tree photo count up to about 3,500. And about 1% of them actually look pretty nice. I love digital.
I'm usually not quick enough to catch these guys, but Jack was kind enough to pose and let me creep up on him a bit.
When I'm anywhere remotely near this spot, I like to stop and see how the old Juniper is doing.
Contrails often disrupt a beautiful sky background, but sometimes they make a photo more interesting.
Does anyone else see a T-Rex skull fossil, or is it just me?
The Ryan Ranch Ruins have a fascinating history, click HERE to read more about this intriguing site. Mining, cattle ranching, water source, rustlers. By the way, my advice is to visit this spot soon, while you can still get up close and personal.
Because unfortunately, with more and more visitors to the park (most of whom are respectful, thoughtful folks who come to enjoy the beauty and history of JT), more and more idiots are also entering the park who think it's perfectly fine to scratch or paint their asinine scribbles on historic artifacts or beautiful scenery.
Park HQ has in the past, repaired the damage to the Ryan Ranch ruins. But who knows if they'll have the funds to continue to do so. Go visit before the entire area is fenced off to visitors. Check out Murbachi's Ryan Ranch page for 3D images that will amaze your eyes, click HERE.
It was a great day for stalking the park's namesake. If you've ever wondered how their branches form and why they spring out at all those strange angles, click HERE for some cool insight into Josh.


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Upon examining the photographs, I noticed no difference in eye color, but it seems that my move had changed the ambient lighting in the morning and so there was a clear difference between the two sets of photographs! The before photographs had brighter lighting than the after photographs. Regardless, I decided to run a small survey on QuickSurveys/Toluna to confirm my diagnosis of no-change; the survey was 11 forced-choice pairs of photographs (before-after), with the instructions as follows:
Scientists found that the drug can disrupt the way memories are stored. This ability could be invaluable in treating trauma victims to prevent associated stress disorders. The research has also triggered suggestions that licensing these memory-blocking drugs may lead to healthy people using them to erase memories of awkward conversations, embarrassing blunders and any feelings for that devious ex-girlfriend.
Oxiracetam is one of the 3 most popular -racetams; less popular than piracetam but seems to be more popular than aniracetam. Prices have come down substantially since the early 2000s, and stand at around 1.2g/$ or roughly 50 cents a dose, which was low enough to experiment with; key question, does it stack with piracetam or is it redundant for me? (Oxiracetam can't compete on price with my piracetam pile stockpile: the latter is now a sunk cost and hence free.)
The FDA has approved the first smart pill for use in the United States. Called Abilify MyCite, the pill contains a drug and an ingestible sensor that is activated when it comes into contact with stomach fluid to detect when the pill has been taken. The pill then transmits this data to a wearable patch that subsequently transfers the information to an app on a paired smartphone. From that point, with a patient's consent, the data can be accessed by the patient's doctors or caregivers via a web portal.
My worry about the MP variable is that, plausible or not, it does seem relatively weak against manipulation; other variables I could look at, like arbtt window-tracking of how I spend my computer time, # or size of edits to my files, or spaced repetition performance, would be harder to manipulate. If it's all due to MP, then if I remove the MP and LLLT variables, and summarize all the other variables with factor analysis into 2 or 3 variables, then I should see no increases in them when I put LLLT back in and look for a correlation between the factors & LLLT with a multivariate regression.
"How to Feed a Brain is an important book. It's the book I've been looking for since sustaining multiple concussions in the fall of 2013. I've dabbled in and out of gluten, dairy, and (processed) sugar free diets the past few years, but I have never eaten enough nutritious foods. This book has a simple-to-follow guide on daily consumption of produce, meat, and water.
More photos from this reportage are featured in Quartz's new book The Objects that Power the Global Economy. You may not have seen these objects before, but they've already changed the way you live. Each chapter examines an object that is driving radical change in the global economy. This is from the chapter on the drug modafinil, which explores modifying the mind for a more productive life.
Still, the scientific backing and ingredient sourcing of nootropics on the market varies widely, and even those based in some research won't necessarily immediately, always or ever translate to better grades or an ability to finally crank out that novel. Nor are supplements of any kind risk-free, says Jocelyn Kerl, a pharmacist in Madison, Wisconsin.
But, thanks to the efforts of a number of remarkable scientists, researchers and plain-old neurohackers, we are beginning to put together a "whole systems" model of how all the different parts of the human brain work together and how they mesh with the complex regulatory structures of the body. It's going to take a lot more data and collaboration to dial this model in, but already we are empowered to design stacks that can meaningfully deliver on the promise of nootropics "to enhance the quality of subjective experience and promote cognitive health, while having extremely low toxicity and possessing very few side effects." It's a type of brain hacking that is intended to produce noticeable cognitive benefits.
A television advertisement goes: "It's time to let Focus Factor be your memory-fog lifter." But is this supplement up to task? Focus Factor wastes no time, whether paid airtime or free online presence: it claims to be America's #1 selling brain health supplement with more than 4 million bottles sold and millions across the country actively caring for their brain health. It deems itself instrumental in helping anyone stay focused and on top of his game at home, work, or school. Learn More...
Several studies have assessed the effect of MPH and d-AMP on tasks tapping various other aspects of spatial working memory. Three used the spatial working memory task from the CANTAB battery of neuropsychological tests (Sahakian & Owen, 1992). In this task, subjects search for a target at different locations on a screen. Subjects are told that locations containing a target in previous trials will not contain a target in future trials. Efficient performance therefore requires remembering and avoiding these locations in addition to remembering and avoiding locations already searched within a trial. Mehta et al. (2000) found evidence of greater accuracy with MPH, and Elliott et al. (1997) found a trend for the same. In Mehta et al.'s study, this effect depended on subjects' working memory ability: the lower a subject's score on placebo, the greater the improvement on MPH. In Elliott et al.'s study, MPH enhanced performance for the group of subjects who received the placebo first and made little difference for the other group. The reason for this difference is unclear, but as mentioned above, this may reflect ability differences between the groups. More recently, Clatworthy et al. (2009) undertook a positron emission tomography (PET) study of MPH effects on two tasks, one of which was the CANTAB spatial working memory task. They failed to find consistent effects of MPH on working memory performance but did find a systematic relation between the performance effect of the drug in each individual and its effect on individuals' dopamine activity in the ventral striatum.
There are seven primary classes used to categorize smart drugs: Racetams, Stimulants, Adaptogens, Cholinergics, Serotonergics, Dopaminergics, and Metabolic Function Smart Drugs. Despite considerable overlap and no clear border in the brain and body's responses to these substances, each class manifests its effects through a different chemical pathway within the body.
We reached out to several raw material manufacturers and learned that Phosphatidylserine and Huperzine A are in short supply. We also learned that these ingredients can be pricey, incentivizing many companies to cut corners. A company has to have the correct ingredients in the correct proportions in order for a brain health formula to be effective. We learned that not just having the two critical ingredients was important – but, also that having the correct supporting ingredients was essential in order to be effective.
Drugs and catastrophe are seemingly never far apart, whether in laboratories, real life or Limitless. Downsides are all but unavoidable: if a drug enhances one particular cognitive function, the price may be paid by other functions. To enhance one dimension of cognition, you'll need to appropriate resources that would otherwise be available for others.
"They're not regulated by the FDA like other drugs, so safety testing isn't required," Kerl says. What's more, you can't always be sure that what's on the ingredient label is actually in the product. Keep in mind, too, that those that contain water-soluble vitamins like B and C, she adds, aren't going to help you if you're already getting enough of those vitamins through diet. "If your body is getting more than you need, you're just going to pee out the excess," she says. "You're paying a lot of money for these supplements; maybe just have orange juice."
I have also tried to get in contact with senior executives who have experience with these drugs (either themselves or in their firms), but without success. I have to wonder: Are they completely unaware of the drugs' existence? Or are they actively suppressing the issue? For now, companies can ignore the use of smart drugs. And executives can pretend as if these drugs don't exist in their workplaces. But they can't do it forever.
2ml is supposed to translate to 24mg, which is a big dose. I do not believe any of the commercial patches go much past that. I asked Wedrifid, whose notes inspired my initial interest, and he was taking perhaps 2-4mg, and expressed astonishment that I might be taking 24mg. (2mg is in line with what I am told by another person - that 2mg was so much that they actually felt a little sick. On the other hand, in one study, the subjects could not reliably distinguish between 1mg and placebo24.) 24mg is particularly troubling in that I weigh ~68kg, and nicotine poisoning and the nicotine LD50 start, for me, at around 68mg of nicotine. (I reflected that the entire jar could be a useful murder weapon, although nicotine presumably would be caught in an autopsy's toxicology screen; I later learned nicotine was an infamous weapon in the 1800s before any test was developed. It doesn't seem used anymore, but there are still fatal accidents due to dissolved nicotine.) The upper end of the range, 10mg/kg or 680mg for me, is calculated based on experienced smokers. Something is wrong here - I can't see why I would have nicotine tolerance comparable to a hardened smoker, inasmuch as my maximum prior exposure was second-hand smoke once in a blue moon. More likely is that either the syringe is misleading me or the seller NicVape sold me something more dilute than 12mg/ml. (I am sure that it's not simply plain water; when I mix the drops with regular water, I can feel the propylene glycol burning as it goes down.) I would rather not accuse an established and apparently well-liked supplier of fraud, nor would I like to simply shrug and say I have a mysterious tolerance and must experiment with doses closer to the LD50, so the most likely problem is a problem with the syringe. The next day I altered the procedure to sucking up 8ml, squirting out enough fluid to move the meniscus down to 7ml, and then ejecting the rest back into the container. The result was another mild clean stimulation comparable to the previous 1ml days. The next step is to try a completely different measuring device, which doesn't change either.
The evidence? Found helpful in reducing bodily twitching in myoclonus epilepsy, a rare disorder, but otherwise little studied. Mixed evidence from a study published in 1991 suggests it may improve memory in subjects with cognitive impairment. A meta-analysis published in 2010 that reviewed studies of piracetam and other racetam drugs found that piracetam was somewhat helpful in improving cognition in people who had suffered a stroke or brain injury; the drugs' effectiveness in treating depression and reducing anxiety was more significant.
The demands of university studies, career, and family responsibilities leaves people feeling stretched to the limit. Extreme stress actually interferes with optimal memory, focus, and performance. The discovery of nootropics and vitamins that make you smarter has provided a solution to help college students perform better in their classes and professionals become more productive and efficient at work.
It is known that American college students have embraced cognitive enhancement, and some information exists about the demographics of the students most likely to practice cognitive enhancement with prescription stimulants. Outside of this narrow segment of the population, very little is known. What happens when students graduate and enter the world of work? Do they continue using prescription stimulants for cognitive enhancement in their first jobs and beyond? How might the answer to this question depend on occupation? For those who stay on campus to pursue graduate or professional education, what happens to patterns of use? To what extent do college graduates who did not use stimulants as students begin to use them for cognitive enhancement later in their careers? To what extent do workers without college degrees use stimulants to enhance job performance? How do the answers to these questions differ for countries outside of North America, where the studies of Table 1 were carried out?
My general impression is positive; it does seem to help with endurance and extended the effect of piracetam+choline, but is not as effective as that combo. At $20 for 30g (bought from Smart Powders), I'm not sure it's worthwhile, but I think at $10-15 it would probably be worthwhile. Sulbutiamine seems to affect my sleep negatively, like caffeine. I bought 2 or 3 canisters for my third batch of pills along with the theanine. For a few nights in a row, I slept terribly and stayed awake thinking until the wee hours of the morning; eventually I realized it was because I was taking the theanine pills along with the sleep-mix pills, and the only ingredient that was a stimulant in the batch was - sulbutiamine. I cut out the theanine pills at night, and my sleep went back to normal. (While very annoying, this, like the creatine & taekwondo example, does tend to prove to me that sulbutiamine was doing something and it is not pure placebo effect.)
In our list of synthetic smart drugs, Noopept may be the genius pill to rule them all. Up to 1000 times stronger than Piracetam, Noopept may not be suitable for everyone. This nootropic substance requires much smaller doses for enhanced cognitive function. There are plenty of synthetic alternatives to Adderall and prescription ADHD medications. Noopept may be worth a look if you want something powerful over the counter.
Most research on these nootropics suggest they have some benefits, sure, but as Barbara Sahakian and Sharon Morein-Zamir explain in the journal Nature, nobody knows their long-term effects. And we don't know how extended use might change your brain chemistry in the long run. Researchers are getting closer to what makes these substances do what they do, but very little is certain right now. If you're looking to live out your own Limitless fantasy, do your research first, and proceed with caution.
Racetams, specifically Piracetam, an ingredient popular in over-the-counter nootropics, are synthetic stimulants designed to improve brain function. Patel notes Piracetam is the granddaddy of all racetams, and the term "nootropic" was originally coined to describe its effects. However, despite its popularity and how long it's been around and in use, researchers don't know what its mechanism of action is. Patel explained that the the most prominent hypothesis suggests Piracetam enhances neuronal function by increasing membrane fluidity in the brain, but that hasn't been confirmed yet. And Patel elaborated that most studies on Piracetam aren't done with the target market for nootropics in mind, the young professional:
Frustrated by the lack of results, pharmaceutical companies have been shutting down their psychiatric drug research programmes. Traditional methods, such as synthesising new molecules and seeing what effect they have on symptoms, seem to have run their course. A shift of strategy is looming, towards research that focuses on genes and brain circuitry rather than chemicals. The shift will prolong the wait for new blockbuster drugs further, as the new systems are developed, and offers no guarantees of results.
Elaborating on why the psychological side effects of testosterone injection are individual dependent: Not everyone get the same amount of motivation and increased goal seeking from the steroid and most people do not experience periods of chronic avolition. Another psychological effect is a potentially drastic increase in aggression which in turn can have negative social consequences. In the case of counterfactual Wedrifid he gets a net improvement in social consequences. He has observed that aggression and anger are a prompt for increased ruthless self-interested goal seeking. Ruthless self-interested goal seeking involves actually bothering to pay attention to social politics. People like people who do social politics well. Most particularly it prevents acting on contempt which is what Wedrifid finds prompts the most hostility and resentment in others. Point is, what is a sanity promoting change in one person may not be in another.
Never heard of OptiMind before? This supplement promotes itself as an all-natural nootropic supplement that increases focus, improves memory, and enhances overall mental drive. The product first captured our attention when we noticed that their supplement blend contains a few of the same ingredients currently present in our editor's #1 choice. So, of course, we grew curious to see whether their formula was as (un)successful as their initial branding techniques. Keep reading to find out what we discovered… Learn More...
If you haven't seen the movie, imagine unfathomable brain power in capsule form. Picture a drug from another universe. It can transform an unsuccessful couch potato into a millionaire financial mogul. Ingesting the powerful smart pill boosts intelligence and turns you into a prodigy. Its results are instant. Sounds great, right? If only it were real.
Do you start your day with a cup (or two, or three) of coffee? It tastes delicious, but it's also jump-starting your brain because of its caffeine content. Caffeine is definitely a nootropic substance—it's a mild stimulant that can alleviate fatigue and improve concentration, according to the Mayo Clinic. Current research shows that coffee drinkers don't suffer any ill effects from drinking up to about four cups of coffee per day. Caffeine is also found in tea, soda, and energy drinks. Not too surprisingly, it's also in many of the nootropic supplements that are being marketed to people looking for a mental boost. Take a look at these 7 genius brain boosters to try in the morning.
Cognition is a suite of mental phenomena that includes memory, attention and executive functions, and any drug would have to enhance executive functions to be considered truly 'smart'. Executive functions occupy the higher levels of thought: reasoning, planning, directing attention to information that is relevant (and away from stimuli that aren't), and thinking about what to do rather than acting on impulse or instinct. You activate executive functions when you tell yourself to count to 10 instead of saying something you may regret. They are what we use to make our actions moral and what we think of when we think about what makes us human.
Vinpocetine walks a line between herbal and pharmaceutical product. It's a synthetic derivative of a chemical from the periwinkle plant, and due to its synthetic nature we feel it's more appropriate as a 'smart drug'. Plus, it's illegal in the UK. Vinpocetine is purported to improve cognitive function by improving blood flow to the brain, which is why it's used in some 'study drugs' or 'smart pills'.
With so many different ones to choose from, choosing the best nootropics for you can be overwhelming at times. As usual, a decision this important will require research. Study up on the top nootropics which catch your eye the most. The nootropics you take will depend on what you want the enhancement for. The ingredients within each nootropic determine its specific function. For example, some nootropics contain ginkgo biloba, which can help memory, thinking speed, and increase attention span. Check the nootropic ingredients as you determine what end results you want to see. Some nootropics supplements can increase brain chemicals such as dopamine and serotonin. An increase in dopamine levels can be very useful for memory, alertness, reward and more. Many healthy adults, as well as college students take nootropics. This really supports the central nervous system and the brain.
Most of the most solid fish oil results seem to meliorate the effects of age; in my 20s, I'm not sure they are worth the cost. But I would probably resume fish oil in my 30s or 40s when aging really becomes a concern. So the experiment at most will result in discontinuing for a decade. At $X a year, that's a net present value of sum $ map (\n -> 70 / (1 + 0.05)^n) [1..10] = $540.5.
Weyandt et al. (2009)	Large public university undergraduates (N = 390)	7.5% (past 30 days)	Highest rated reasons were to perform better on schoolwork, perform better on tests, and focus better in class	21.2% had occasionally been offered by other students; 9.8% occasionally or frequently have purchased from other students; 1.4% had sold to other students
Methylphenidate, commonly known as Ritalin, is a stimulant first synthesised in the 1940s. More accurately, it's a psychostimulant - often prescribed for ADHD - that is intended as a drug to help focus and concentration. It also reduces fatigue and (potentially) enhances cognition. Similar to Modafinil, Ritalin is believed to reduce dissipation of dopamine to help focus. Ritalin is a Class B drug in the UK, and possession without a prescription can result in a 5 year prison sentence. Please note: Side Effects Possible. See this article for more on Ritalin.
The choline-based class of smart drugs play important cognitive roles in memory, attention, and mood regulation. Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the brain's primary neurotransmitters, and also vital in the proper functioning of the peripheral nervous system. Studies with rats have shown that certain forms of learning and neural plasticity seem to be impossible in acetylcholine-depleted areas of the brain. This is particularly worth mentioning because (as noted above under the Racetams section), the Racetam class of smart drugs tends to deplete cholines from the brain, so one of the classic "supplement stacks" – chemical supplements that are used together – are Piracetam and Choline Bitartrate. Cholines can also be found in normal food sources, like egg yolks and soybeans.
The question of how much nonmedical use of stimulants occurs on college campuses is only partly answered by the proportion of students using the drugs in this way. The other part of the answer is how frequently they are used by those students. Three studies addressed this issue. Low and Gendaszek (2002) found a high past-year rate of 35.3%, but only 10% and 8% of this population used monthly and weekly, respectively. White et al. (2006) found a larger percentage used frequently: 15.5% using two to three times per week and 33.9% using two to three times per month. Teter et al. (2006) found that most nonmedical users take prescription stimulants sporadically, with well over half using five or fewer times and nearly 40% using only once or twice in their lives. DeSantis et al. (2008) offered qualitative evidence on the issue, reporting that students often turned to stimulants at exam time only, particularly when under pressure to study for multiple exams at the same time. Thus, there appears to be wide variation in the regularity of stimulant use, with the most common pattern appearing to be infrequent use.
There are also premade 'stacks' (or formulas) of cognitive enhancing superfoods, herbals or proteins, which pre-package several beneficial extracts for a greater impact. These types of cognitive enhancers are more 'subtle' than the pharmaceutical alternative with regards to effects, but they work all the same. In fact, for many people, they work better than smart drugs as they are gentler on the brain and produce fewer side-effects.
10:30 AM; no major effect that I notice throughout the day - it's neither good nor bad. This smells like placebo (and part of my mind is going how unlikely is it to get placebo 3 times in a row!, which is just the Gambler's fallacy talking inasmuch as this is sampling with replacement). I give it 60% placebo; I check the next day right before taking, and it is. Man!
Another classic approach to the assessment of working memory is the span task, in which a series of items is presented to the subject for repetition, transcription, or recognition. The longest series that can be reproduced accurately is called the forward span and is a measure of working memory capacity. The ability to reproduce the series in reverse order is tested in backward span tasks and is a more stringent test of working memory capacity and perhaps other working memory functions as well. The digit span task from the Wechsler (1981) IQ test was used in four studies of stimulant effects on working memory. One study showed that d-AMP increased digit span (de Wit et al., 2002), and three found no effects of d-AMP or MPH (Oken, Kishiyama, & Salinsky, 1995; Schmedtje, Oman, Letz, & Baker, 1988; Silber, Croft, Papafotiou, & Stough, 2006). A spatial span task, in which subjects must retain and reproduce the order in which boxes in a scattered spatial arrangement change color, was used by Elliott et al. (1997) to assess the effects of MPH on working memory. For subjects in the group receiving placebo first, MPH increased spatial span. However, for the subjects who received MPH first, there was a nonsignificant opposite trend. The group difference in drug effect is not easily explained. The authors noted that the subjects in the first group performed at an overall lower level, and so, this may be another manifestation of the trend for a larger enhancement effect for less able subjects.
Using the 21mg patches, I cut them into quarters. What I would do is I would cut out 1 quarter, and then seal the two edges with scotch tape, and put the Pac-Man back into its sleeve. Then the next time I would cut another quarter, seal the new edge, and so on. I thought that 5.25mg might be too much since I initially found 4mg gum to be too much, but it's delivered over a long time and it wound up feeling much more like 1mg gum used regularly. I don't know if the tape worked, but I did not notice any loss of potency. I didn't like them as much as the gum because I would sometimes forget to take off a patch at the end of the day and it would interfere with sleep, and because the onset is much slower and I find I need stimulants more for getting started than for ongoing stimulation so it is better to have gum which can be taken precisely when needed and start acting quickly. (One case where the patches were definitely better than the gum was long car trips where slow onset is fine, since you're most alert at the start.) When I finally ran out of patches in June 2016 (using them sparingly), I ordered gum instead.
It arrived as described, a little bottle around the volume of a soda can. I had handy a plastic syringe with milliliter units which I used to measure out the nicotine-water into my tea. I began with half a ml the first day, 1ml the second day, and 2ml the third day. (My Zeo sleep scores were 85/103/86 (▁▇▁), and the latter had a feline explanation; these values are within normal variation for me, so if nicotine affects my sleep, it does so to a lesser extent than Adderall.) Subjectively, it's hard to describe. At half a ml, I didn't really notice anything; at 1 and 2ml, I thought I began to notice it - sort of a cleaner caffeine. It's nice so far. It's not as strong as I expected. I looked into whether the boiling water might be breaking it down, but the answer seems to be no - boiling tobacco is a standard way to extract nicotine, actually, and nicotine's own boiling point is much higher than water; nor do I notice a drastic difference when I take it in ordinary water. And according to various e-cigarette sources, the liquid should be good for at least a year.
Since dietary supplements do not require double-blind, placebo-controlled, pharmaceutical-style human studies before going to market, there is little incentive for companies to really prove that something does what they say it does. This means that, in practice, nootropics may not live up to all the grandiose, exuberant promises advertised on the bottle in which they come. The flip side, though? There's no need to procure a prescription in order to try them out. Good news for aspiring biohackers—and for people who have no aspirations to become biohackers, but still want to be Bradley Cooper in Limitless (me).
Recent developments include biosensor-equipped smart pills that sense the appropriate environment and location to release pharmacological agents. Medimetrics (Eindhoven, Netherlands) has developed a pill called IntelliCap with drug reservoir, pH and temperature sensors that release drugs to a defined region of the gastrointestinal tract. This device is CE marked and is in early stages of clinical trials for FDA approval. Recently, Google announced its intent to invest and innovate in this space.
Minnesota-based Medtronic offers a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared smart pill called PillCam COLON, which provides clear visualization of the colon and is complementary to colonoscopy. It is an alternative for patients who refuse invasive colon exams, have bleeding or sedation risks or inflammatory bowel disease, or have had a previous incomplete colonoscopy. PillCam COLON allows more people to get screened for colorectal cancer with a minimally invasive, radiation-free option. The research focus for WCEs is on effective localization, steering and control of capsules. Device development relies on leveraging applied science and technologies for better system performance, rather than completely reengineering the pill.
** = Important note - whilst BrainZyme is scientifically proven to support concentration and mental performance, it is not a replacement for a good diet, moderate exercise or sleep. BrainZyme is also not a drug, medicine or pharmaceutical. It is a natural-sourced, vegan food supplement with ingredients that are scientifically proven to support cognition, concentration, mental performance and reduction of tiredness. You should always consult with your Doctor if you require medical attention.
Fish oil (Examine.com, buyer's guide) provides benefits relating to general mood (eg. inflammation & anxiety; see later on anxiety) and anti-schizophrenia; it is one of the better supplements one can take. (The known risks are a higher rate of prostate cancer and internal bleeding, but are outweighed by the cardiac benefits - assuming those benefits exist, anyway, which may not be true.) The benefits of omega acids are well-researched.
Many over the counter and prescription smart drugs fall under the category of stimulants. These substances contribute to an overall feeling of enhanced alertness and attention, which can improve concentration, focus, and learning. While these substances are often considered safe in moderation, taking too much can cause side effects such as decreased cognition, irregular heartbeat, and cardiovascular problems.
These pills don't work. The reality is that MOST of these products don't work effectively. Maybe we're cynical, but if you simply review the published studies on memory pills, you can quickly eliminate many of the products that don't have "the right stuff." The active ingredients in brain and memory health pills are expensive and most companies sell a watered down version that is not effective for memory and focus. The more brands we reviewed, the more we realized that many of these marketers are slapping slick labels on low-grade ingredients.
I've been actively benefitting from nootropics since 1997, when I was struggling with cognitive performance and ordered almost $1000 worth of smart drugs from Europe (the only place where you could get them at the time). I remember opening the unmarked brown package and wondering whether the pharmaceuticals and natural substances would really enhance my brain.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Massaga monteirona is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ivory Coast.

References

Moths described in 1874
Agaristinae
Insects of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Insects of West Africa
Insects of Angola
Moths of Africa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


When you hit a bump in the road, you need a repair center you can trust. We're not just a Honda dealership -- we also offer a full body shop and collision center. Our service team is always ready to get to work, no matter the make or model of your vehicle. With all of Boston's curvy roads, complicated rotaries and quirky traffic patterns, city driving can be aggravating. Trust us -- we understand the toll even a minor accident can take on your day-to-day life. Our body shop and collision center is here to alleviate your stress after an accident. Your life won't come to a screeching halt -- bring your vehicle to our body shop in Cambridge and we'll take care of the rest.
The next time you have an unfortunate encounter with a spirited Massachusetts driver, don't fret! Bring your vehicle to our Honda dealership in Cambridge. Sorry we had to meet by accident, but you'll be glad we did!
So, whether you need to have some minor scratches or dings taken care of, or a whole panel or new door installed, we are ready and able to help. Located conveniently in Cambridge, MA, we look forward to your visit.


Asian stocks tumbled on Friday on the worry that the US and China will not reach a trade deal before another round of tariff hikes are set to kick in.
Japanese shares led declines and Hong Kong stocks slumped as trading resumed after a three-day holiday.
Taiwanese and Chinese equity markets remained shut for the Lunar New Year holiday.
Shares sank following news that US President Donald Trump is unlikely to meet Chinese President Xi Jinping (習近平) before the March 1 deadline for more tariffs.
With Hong Kong traders back at their desks on Friday and Chinese traders set to return tomorrow, volumes were ramping up again just as global growth concerns are rising.
The European Commission on Thursday made sweeping downward revisions to most of the region's major economies and the Bank of England said it expected the British economy to grow at its slowest pace in a decade.
India's central bank on Thursday cut interest rates.
The Reserve Bank of Australia on Friday lowered its growth and inflation forecasts, following the central bank governor's declaration of a shift to a neutral policy stance earlier in the week.
"Many of the central banks are reacting to the fact that the global economic situation has worsened," Komal Sri-Kumar, founder and president at Sri-Kumar Global Strategies Inc, told Bloomberg TV from Los Angeles.
The MSCI Asia-Pacific Index fell 1 percent, the most since Jan. 4, to 154.88, down 0.9 percent for the week.
Japan's TOPIX lost 1.9 percent and Australia's S&P/ASX 200 Index fell 0.3 percent.
Hong Kong stocks ended weaker as the absence of any positive signs for a resolution in the trade row dented sentiment, but the market pared losses as investors eyed support from A-shares, which are to resume trading tomorrow.
At the close of trade, the Hang Seng index was down 0.2 percent at 27,946.32 points, while the Hang Seng China Enterprises index fell 0.7 percent.
Energy shares shed 1.4 percent as oil markets slipped on concerns over a global economic slowdown.
However, the IT sector ended 0.2 percent firmer, the financial sector closed up 0.1 percent and the property sector ended 0.3 percent higher.
Hong Kong shares rebounded mid-session, having lost more than 1 percent in early trade, because "the market believes A-shares will open higher on Monday" as investors expect Beijing to continue its support for economic growth, said Steven Leung (梁偉源), a Hong Kong-based director of sales at UOB Kay Hian Holdings Ltd (大華繼顯控股).
This story has been viewed 1291 times.


text:
Saint-Crépin may refer to the following places in France:

 Saint-Crépin, Hautes-Alpes, a commune in the department of Hautes-Alpes
 Saint-Crépin, Charente-Maritime, a commune in the department of Charente-Maritime
 Saint-Crépin-aux-Bois, a commune in the department of Oise
 Saint-Crépin-d'Auberoche, a commune in the department of Dordogne
 Saint-Crépin-de-Richemont, a commune in the department of Dordogne
 Saint-Crépin-et-Carlucet, a commune in the department of Dordogne
 Saint-Crépin-Ibouvillers, a commune in the department of Oise
 Saint-Crespin-sur-Moine, (say "Saint-Crépin" too) a commune in département of Maine-et-Loire


We loved all of the cities we visited on this trip to Spain, but we probably loved Valencia the most. Maybe it was because there wasn't a long list of "things" to see and do while there--you just mostly relax and stroll around. Maybe it was because there weren't the same crowds of tourists as at the other cities with their world-class sites. Maybe it was just the appealing architecture of the city.
The countryside north of Valencia.
We actually stayed about an hour's drive north of Valencia during our visit--so much the worse for us. The trouble was that the America's Cup boat race about to happen, not more than a couple of weeks after we arrived, and the apartment owners and hotels in the city had all raised their rates considerably. So we stayed in a small village called Quartell, outside of Sagunt, and north along the coast from Valencia. The house was nice enough--done up in a traditional country style of decor--but the town was nothing more than an industrial crossroads. Still, because there was nowhere in the village to eat, we drove twice down to the beaches, about fifteen minutes by car, and had delicious fresh seafood at local hangouts.
Valencia was conquered by the Moors in the eighth century, reconquered by the Christians in the eleventh (under the leadership of the Cid), conquered again by the Moors in the twelfth, and conquered yet again by the Christians in the thirteenth. Here is a statue of King James, called "the Conqueror," who added it to the Kingdom of Aragon in that last conquest.
With all that "back and forth" you wouldn't expect many medieval buildings to have survived, but Valencia has one of the most unique of medieval buildings. It is called La Lonja, or the Commodities Exchange, built in the Gothic style, with a huge central hall. The region around Valencia is fertile and known for the variety of its fruits and vegetables, and local merchants would haggle with sea captains who wanted to buy their produce to export it. Almost all of the buildings that have survived in the Gothic style are churches, so it was fascinating to see the same architectural techniques used for a secular purpose.
Sculpture on the doorways of the building are also quite different than the images of saints seen on medieval Gothic churches!
Other remnants of the medieval past include these two massive city gates--the walls of the city were unfortunately demolished in modern times.
Modern Valencia is an attractive city with interesting architecture and wide boulevards.
as uniquely modern styles such as Art Deco and Art Nouveau--are all over the city.
Especially appealing is the train station, built in the early twentieth century in Art Nouveau style.
a motif on the tops of the columns, and a wall fresco has an odd choice of little boys peeing on flowers.
The most spectacularly unusual examples of architecture in Valencia, however, can be seen outside of the city center in what is called the City of Arts and Sciences, begun in 1998. It is a group of public buildings--museums, theaters, and performance halls--in a strikingly futuristic design by the architect Santiago Calatrava and surrounded by vast reflecting pools.
Both sides of this auditorium building in front can be opened up like eyelids.
This is the parkage garage, with a rooftop garden.
We enjoyed simply walking around the buildings and seeing them from different angles (the two above are both the same building--the science museum!).
The arches form interesting viewing perspectives from one building to another, too!
The whole of the upper roof on this building is supported only by this large cantilever in front!
In one space (above the parking garage) there was a small botanical garden!
It was truly a unique and fascinating place!


Retired Steamboat Springs police chief JD Hays died Saturday after being diagnosed with terminal brain cancer six weeks ago.
Friends used words like "family," "integrity," "honor," "humble" and "humility" to describe the man who helped keep the Steamboat Springs community safe for more than three decades.
Former Steamboat Springs Police Chief JD Hays died Saturday morning after being diagnosed six weeks ago with terminal brain cancer.
"An awful lot of people were so shocked and saddened to hear of his sudden illness," former city manager Paul Hughes said.
Hays was a cop in Los Angeles before moving to Steamboat to raise his two sons.
Hays was promoted to captain in 1983, and in 1997, he replaced former Police Chief Roger Jensen.
Hays retired on Jan. 6, 2012. To commemorate the occasion, friends and family gathered near the Mountain Fire Station where a section of road was renamed JD Hays Way.
Hays was choked up when he spoke but was in high spirits as always.
In April 2013, Hays was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Western Colorado Peace Officers Association.
Hays died at his home in Parker. He is survived by his wife, Paula, and sons Scott and Tim.
A Vietnam War veteran, Hays will be buried at Fort Logan National Cemetery on Wednesday morning. There will then be a gathering at 10:30 a.m. at the PACE Center in Parker.
The Steamboat community will celebrate Hays' life from 3 to 4 p.m. Friday at Strings Music Pavilion. A reception will follow.
Stabile said hearing about Hays' diagnoses was frightening because Hays had a very clean lifestyle. He didn't drink alcohol, ate healthy and worked out five days a week.
"He was 71, and he looked early 60s," Stabile said.
Hays was an avid outdoorsman.
For more than two decades, Hughes worked for city governments as an administrator, which meant he worked with numerous police chiefs.
"JD was head and shoulders above any of the others," Hughes said.
Hughes said Hays refused to hire what Hays referred to as "badge-heavy idiots," or officers who abused their power.
In lieu of flowers, the Hays family is asking people to consider donating to the Wounded Warrior Project.


text:
package org.elasticsearch.common.util;

import com.google.common.base.Charsets;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.common.primitives.Ints;
import org.apache.lucene.index.CheckIndex;
import org.apache.lucene.index.IndexWriter;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Directory;
import org.apache.lucene.store.Lock;
import org.apache.lucene.store.SimpleFSDirectory;
import org.apache.lucene.util.IOUtils;
import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetaData;
import org.elasticsearch.common.io.FileSystemUtils;
import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.BytesStreamOutput;
import org.elasticsearch.common.logging.ESLogger;
import org.elasticsearch.common.logging.Loggers;
import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
import org.elasticsearch.env.NodeEnvironment;
import org.elasticsearch.env.ShardLock;
import org.elasticsearch.gateway.MetaDataStateFormat;
import org.elasticsearch.index.Index;
import org.elasticsearch.index.shard.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.nio.file.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
import java.util.*;

/**
 */
public class MultiDataPathUpgrader {

    private final NodeEnvironment nodeEnvironment;
    private final ESLogger logger = Loggers.getLogger(getClass());

    /**
     * Creates a new upgrader instance
     * @param nodeEnvironment the node env to operate on.
     *
     */
    public MultiDataPathUpgrader(NodeEnvironment nodeEnvironment) {
        this.nodeEnvironment = nodeEnvironment;
    }

    /**
     * Upgrades the given shard Id from multiple shard paths into the given target path.
     *
     * @see #pickShardPath(org.elasticsearch.index.shard.ShardId)
     */
    public void upgrade(ShardId shard, ShardPath targetPath) throws IOException {
        final Path[] paths = nodeEnvironment.availableShardPaths(shard); // custom data path doesn't need upgrading
        if (isTargetPathConfigured(paths, targetPath) == false) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("shard path must be one of the shards data paths");
        }
        assert needsUpgrading(shard) : "Should not upgrade a path that needs no upgrading";
        logger.info("{} upgrading multi data dir to {}", shard, targetPath.getDataPath());
        final ShardStateMetaData loaded = ShardStateMetaData.FORMAT.loadLatestState(logger, paths);
        if (loaded == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(shard + " no shard state found in any of: " + Arrays.toString(paths) + " please check and remove them if possible");
        }
        logger.info("{} loaded shard state {}", shard, loaded);

        ShardStateMetaData.FORMAT.write(loaded, loaded.version, targetPath.getShardStatePath());
        Files.createDirectories(targetPath.resolveIndex());
        try (SimpleFSDirectory directory = new SimpleFSDirectory(targetPath.resolveIndex())) {
            try (final Lock lock = directory.makeLock(IndexWriter.WRITE_LOCK_NAME)) {
                if (lock.obtain(5000)) {
                    upgradeFiles(shard, targetPath, targetPath.resolveIndex(), ShardPath.INDEX_FOLDER_NAME, paths);
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Can't obtain lock on " + targetPath.resolveIndex());
                }
            }
        }

        upgradeFiles(shard, targetPath, targetPath.resolveTranslog(), ShardPath.TRANSLOG_FOLDER_NAME, paths);

        logger.info("{} wipe upgraded directories", shard);
        for (Path path : paths) {
            if (path.equals(targetPath.getShardStatePath()) == false) {
                logger.info("{} wipe shard directories: [{}]", shard, path);
                IOUtils.rm(path);
            }
        }

        if (FileSystemUtils.files(targetPath.resolveIndex()).length == 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("index folder [" + targetPath.resolveIndex() + "] is empty");
        }

        if (FileSystemUtils.files(targetPath.resolveTranslog()).length == 0) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("translog folder [" + targetPath.resolveTranslog() + "] is empty");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Runs check-index on the target shard and throws an exception if it failed
     */
    public void checkIndex(ShardPath targetPath) throws IOException {
        BytesStreamOutput os = new BytesStreamOutput();
        PrintStream out = new PrintStream(os, false, Charsets.UTF_8.name());
        try (Directory directory = new SimpleFSDirectory(targetPath.resolveIndex());
            final CheckIndex checkIndex = new CheckIndex(directory)) {
            checkIndex.setInfoStream(out);
            CheckIndex.Status status = checkIndex.checkIndex();
            out.flush();
            if (!status.clean) {
                logger.warn("check index [failure]\n{}", new String(os.bytes().toBytes(), Charsets.UTF_8));
                throw new IllegalStateException("index check failure");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true iff the given shard needs upgrading.
     */
    public boolean needsUpgrading(ShardId shard) {
        final Path[] paths = nodeEnvironment.availableShardPaths(shard);
         // custom data path doesn't need upgrading neither single path envs
        if (paths.length > 1) {
            int numPathsExist = 0;
            for (Path path : paths) {
                if (Files.exists(path.resolve(MetaDataStateFormat.STATE_DIR_NAME))) {
                    numPathsExist++;
                    if (numPathsExist > 1) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Picks a target ShardPath to allocate and upgrade the given shard to. It picks the target based on a simple
     * heuristic:
     *

     *
if the smallest datapath has 2x more space available that the shards total size the datapath with the most bytes for that shard is picked to minimize the amount of bytes to copy

     *
otherwise the largest available datapath is used as the target no matter how big of a slice of the shard it already holds.

     *

     */
    public ShardPath pickShardPath(ShardId shard) throws IOException {
        if (needsUpgrading(shard) == false) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Shard doesn't need upgrading");
        }
        final NodeEnvironment.NodePath[] paths = nodeEnvironment.nodePaths();

        // if we need upgrading make sure we have all paths.
        for (NodeEnvironment.NodePath path : paths) {
            Files.createDirectories(path.resolve(shard));
        }
        final ShardFileInfo[] shardFileInfo = getShardFileInfo(shard, paths);
        long totalBytesUsedByShard = 0;
        long leastUsableSpace = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        long mostUsableSpace = Long.MIN_VALUE;
        assert shardFileInfo.length ==  nodeEnvironment.availableShardPaths(shard).length;
        for (ShardFileInfo info : shardFileInfo) {
            totalBytesUsedByShard += info.spaceUsedByShard;
            leastUsableSpace = Math.min(leastUsableSpace, info.usableSpace + info.spaceUsedByShard);
            mostUsableSpace = Math.max(mostUsableSpace, info.usableSpace + info.spaceUsedByShard);
        }

        if (mostUsableSpace < totalBytesUsedByShard) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Can't upgrade path available space: " + new ByteSizeValue(mostUsableSpace) + " required space: " + new ByteSizeValue(totalBytesUsedByShard));
        }
        ShardFileInfo target = shardFileInfo[0];
        if (leastUsableSpace >= (2 * totalBytesUsedByShard)) {
            for (ShardFileInfo info : shardFileInfo) {
                if (info.spaceUsedByShard > target.spaceUsedByShard) {
                    target = info;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (ShardFileInfo info : shardFileInfo) {
                if (info.usableSpace > target.usableSpace) {
                    target = info;
                }
            }
        }
        return new ShardPath(target.path, target.path, IndexMetaData.INDEX_UUID_NA_VALUE /* we don't know */, shard);
    }

    private ShardFileInfo[] getShardFileInfo(ShardId shard, NodeEnvironment.NodePath[] paths) throws IOException {
        final ShardFileInfo[] info = new ShardFileInfo[paths.length];
        for (int i = 0; i < info.length; i++) {
            Path path = paths[i].resolve(shard);
            final long usabelSpace = getUsabelSpace(paths[i]);
            info[i] = new ShardFileInfo(path, usabelSpace, getSpaceUsedByShard(path));
        }
        return info;
    }

    protected long getSpaceUsedByShard(Path path) throws IOException {
        final long[] spaceUsedByShard = new long[] {0};
        if (Files.exists(path)) {
            Files.walkFileTree(path, new FileVisitor<Path>() {
                @Override
                public FileVisitResult preVisitDirectory(Path dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
                    return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
                }

                @Override
                public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) throws IOException {
                    if (attrs.isRegularFile()) {
                        spaceUsedByShard[0] += attrs.size();
                    }
                    return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
                }

                @Override
                public FileVisitResult visitFileFailed(Path file, IOException exc) throws IOException {
                    return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
                }

                @Override
                public FileVisitResult postVisitDirectory(Path dir, IOException exc) throws IOException {
                    return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
                }
            });
        }
        return spaceUsedByShard[0];
    }

    protected long getUsabelSpace(NodeEnvironment.NodePath path) throws IOException {
        FileStore fileStore = path.fileStore;
        return fileStore.getUsableSpace();
    }

    static class ShardFileInfo {
        final Path path;
        final long usableSpace;
        final long spaceUsedByShard;

        ShardFileInfo(Path path, long usableSpace, long spaceUsedByShard) {
            this.path = path;
            this.usableSpace = usableSpace;
            this.spaceUsedByShard = spaceUsedByShard;
        }
    }

    private void upgradeFiles(ShardId shard, ShardPath targetPath, final Path targetDir, String folderName, Path[] paths) throws IOException {
        List<Path> movedFiles = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Path path : paths) {
            if (path.equals(targetPath.getDataPath()) == false) {
                final Path sourceDir = path.resolve(folderName);
                if (Files.exists(sourceDir)) {
                    logger.info("{} upgrading [{}] from [{}] to [{}]", shard, folderName, sourceDir, targetDir);
                    try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(sourceDir)) {
                        Files.createDirectories(targetDir);
                        for (Path file : stream) {
                            if (IndexWriter.WRITE_LOCK_NAME.equals(file.getFileName().toString()) || Files.isDirectory(file)) {
                                continue; // skip write.lock
                            }
                            logger.info("{} move file [{}] size: [{}]", shard, file.getFileName(), Files.size(file));
                            final Path targetFile = targetDir.resolve(file.getFileName());
                            /* We are pessimistic and do a copy first to the other path and then and atomic move to rename it such that
                               in the worst case the file exists twice but is never lost or half written.*/
                            final Path targetTempFile = Files.createTempFile(targetDir, "upgrade_", "_" + file.getFileName().toString());
                            Files.copy(file, targetTempFile, StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
                            Files.move(targetTempFile, targetFile, StandardCopyOption.ATOMIC_MOVE); // we are on the same FS - this must work otherwise all bets are off
                            Files.delete(file);
                            movedFiles.add(targetFile);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (movedFiles.isEmpty() == false) {
            // fsync later it might be on disk already
            logger.info("{} fsync files", shard);
            for (Path moved : movedFiles) {
                logger.info("{} syncing [{}]", shard, moved.getFileName());
                IOUtils.fsync(moved, false);
            }
            logger.info("{} syncing directory [{}]", shard, targetDir);
            IOUtils.fsync(targetDir, true);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true iff the target path is one of the given paths.
     */
    private boolean isTargetPathConfigured(final Path[] paths, ShardPath targetPath) {
        for (Path path : paths) {
            if (path.equals(targetPath.getDataPath())) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Runs an upgrade on all shards located under the given node environment if there is more than 1 data.path configured
     * otherwise this method will return immediately.
     */
    public static void upgradeMultiDataPath(NodeEnvironment nodeEnv, ESLogger logger) throws IOException {
        if (nodeEnv.nodeDataPaths().length > 1) {
            final MultiDataPathUpgrader upgrader = new MultiDataPathUpgrader(nodeEnv);
            final Set<String> allIndices = nodeEnv.findAllIndices();

            for (String index : allIndices) {
                for (ShardId shardId : findAllShardIds(nodeEnv.indexPaths(new Index(index)))) {
                    try (ShardLock lock = nodeEnv.shardLock(shardId, 0)) {
                        if (upgrader.needsUpgrading(shardId)) {
                            final ShardPath shardPath = upgrader.pickShardPath(shardId);
                            upgrader.upgrade(shardId, shardPath);
                            // we have to check if the index path exists since we might
                            // have only upgraded the shard state that is written under /indexname/shardid/_state
                            // in the case we upgraded a dedicated index directory index
                            if (Files.exists(shardPath.resolveIndex())) {
                                upgrader.checkIndex(shardPath);
                            }
                        } else {
                            logger.debug("{} no upgrade needed - already upgraded");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private static Set<ShardId> findAllShardIds(Path... locations) throws IOException {
        final Set<ShardId> shardIds = Sets.newHashSet();
        for (final Path location : locations) {
            if (Files.isDirectory(location)) {
                shardIds.addAll(findAllShardsForIndex(location));
            }
        }
        return shardIds;
    }

    private static Set<ShardId> findAllShardsForIndex(Path indexPath) throws IOException {
        Set<ShardId> shardIds = new HashSet<>();
        if (Files.isDirectory(indexPath)) {
            try (DirectoryStream<Path> stream = Files.newDirectoryStream(indexPath)) {
                String currentIndex = indexPath.getFileName().toString();
                for (Path shardPath : stream) {
                    if (Files.isDirectory(shardPath)) {
                        Integer shardId = Ints.tryParse(shardPath.getFileName().toString());
                        if (shardId != null) {
                            ShardId id = new ShardId(currentIndex, shardId);
                            shardIds.add(id);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return shardIds;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
SOUNDTAXI Terms of Use
Version: October 24, 2019
Download our Terms of Use as pdf file.
1. General Information, Contracting Party
1.1. SOUNDTAXI GmbH, Nikolausstrasse 6a, D-70190 Stuttgart ("SOUNDTAXI") provides licenses for the use of music recordings through its online shop and on its website, www.soundtaxi.com ("SOUNDTAXI website"). If domestic or foreign performing rights organizations and/or other collecting societies have no claims or rights to the underlying musical works for such music recordings, SOUNDTAXI indicates this status accordingly ("Non-PRO"). If the underlying musical works for the music recordings are registered with a performing rights organization and/or other collecting society. SOUNDTAXI indicates this status accordingly ("PRO-registered") and identifies the name of the corresponding organization (e.g., GEMA, SUISA, BMI, ASCAP, PRS).
1.2. Licenses for the use of the music recordings are acquired by the Customer in accordance with the License Terms set out below in Section 13. After purchasing a license, the Customer also has the option of downloading a copy of the particular music recording. The following Terms of Use ("Terms of Use"), in the version applicable as of the date the contract is formed, govern all products and services supplied to the Customer by SOUNDTAXI.
1.3. By confirming his or her registration on the SOUNDTAXI website and with every order placed using this website, the Customer acknowledges the applicability of these Terms of Use. Any terms and conditions stipulated by the Customer that conflict with or differ from these Terms of Use are excluded.
2. Requirements for Use
2.1. To use the SOUNDTAXI website, the Customer needs the appropriate online technology and access to the Internet. To play and copy any music recordings downloaded from SOUNDTAXI, the Customer also needs a program that opens (compressed) .zip files, for instance WinZip, and a corresponding audio program (for instance Windows Media Player, Winamp Player, or Real Player).
2.2. Additionally, the Customer must register on the SOUNDTAXI website in advance. SOUNDTAXI reserves the right to decline the registration of individuals without providing a reason..
2.3. Customer registration is free. When registering, the Customer must provide user information (last name, first name, address, e-mail address, and password). The information a Customer provides about him/herself must be truthful and complete.
If a Customer's user information changes, the Customer must correct the Customer profile on the SOUNDTAXI website without delay. If this is not possible, the Customer is to notify SOUNDTAXI in writing or by e-mail, sending the notification to one of the addresses shown on the SOUNDTAXI website.
2.4. Passwords serve to identify the Customer digitally and must not be accessible by third parties. The Customer is liable for all actions taken in connection with the use of the password. SOUNDTAXI assumes no liability for passwords used without authorization and any resulting consequences or loss. If there is reason to suspect that unauthorized parties have discovered the Customer's password, the Customer must change the password immediately.
2.5. Only individuals who have reached the legal age of majority may become SOUNDTAXI Customers. The Customer must ensure that SOUNDTAXI services are used by minors only with the Customer's express consent.
2.6. Once the registration form has been sent off, the Customer receives an e-mail from SOUNDTAXI with a confirmation link to click on in order to verify the e-mail address. The registration process is finished once this has been successfully verified..
2.7. After confirming his or her registration, the Customer receives a SOUNDTAXI account with no time limit. After this, the Customer may use SOUNDTAXI services, and in particular, acquire licenses for music recordings as set out in Section 13. The Customer can cancel the SOUNDTAXI account at any time, effective for the future, by sending a cancellation request by e-mail to info@soundtaxi.com. When the account is canceled, the license arrangements entered into previously with SOUNDTAXI remain in force under the terms agreed to.
3. Offer, Contract Formation, Provision of Services
3.1. SOUNDTAXI makes it possible for Customers to listen to samples of music recordings before purchasing a license. To place an order, the Customer chooses a license for the music recording from the selection offered by SOUNDTAXI and adds this to the shopping cart. After clicking on the "checkout" button, the Customer is taken to a screen to enter his or her information. After entering the relevant information and selecting the desired method of payment, the Customer is shown an overview of the order and can correct the information entered. The Customer completes the order process by clicking on the button "Buy now".
3.2. By ordering a license, the Customer is making an offer to SOUNDTAXI. This offer is then accepted by SOUNDTAXI in the form of an e-mail confirmation. This confirmation from SOUNDTAXI means that a contract has been formed regarding the use of the relevant music recording(s).
In addition, SOUNDTAXI creates license documentation for the Customer and sends this to the Customer by e-mail together with the invoice. Both the license documentation and the invoice are stored by SOUNDTAXI and will be sent again to the Customer by e-mail if requested.
3.3. SOUNDTAXI also offers the licensed music recordings to Customers for downloading in digital form. There is no right to be provided with the download material in any other form (e.g., CD-ROM). After confirmation of the purchase of a license, a link that can be clicked on to start the download is displayed for the Customer. The files containing the music recordings are available in compressed form (.zip) and when downloaded are stored on the Customer's computer.
3.4. After a license for a music recording is purchased, the relevant file is available to the Customer for download in the Customer's account on the SOUNDTAXI website for a period of one year starting from the date of purchase. If the Customer cancels the SOUNDTAXI account, the Customer will no longer be able to re-download music recordings. SOUNDTAXI therefore recommends that its Customers make copies of the music recordings associated with the individual licenses.
3.5. If the Customer is unable to download the music recording associated with the license purchased for technical reasons, this should be communicated to SOUNDAXI immediately by e-mail. SOUNDTAXI will then try to provide the music recording to the Customer within a reasonable timeframe via another method.
4. Breach of Duties or Infringement of Third-Party Rights by Customer
4.1. If there are significant breaches of the duties owed by the Customer under these Terms of Use or the License Terms set out in Section 13, SOUNDTAXI has the right to lock the Customer out of the account. SOUNDTAXI will inform the Customer of the reason that the account is locked. If there are legitimate reasons to suspect a significant breach of the Customer's duties, SOUNDTAXI has the right to lock the Customer out of the account or block individual services until such time as the suspicion has been disproven.
4.2. If third-party rights are infringed, the Customer is directly liable to such third parties him/herself. The Customer shall release and hold harmless SOUNDTAXI from any and all third-party claims and rights that result from a breach of a duty or infringement of rights by the Customer.
5. Notification from Customer of YouTube Content; YouTube Content ID System
5.1. SOUNDTAXI uses the YouTube Content ID system to pursue rights infringements on the YouTube Internet portal involving music recordings from SOUNDTAXI's repository. For this reason, if the Customer uses a music recording on YouTube according to the license purchased, the Customer needs to notify SOUNDTAXI and provide the link to the particular YouTube video or YouTube channel.
5.2. Such use can only be reported to the YouTube Content ID system as authorized ("whitelisted") if the Customer notifies SOUNDTAXI of the corresponding link. If the Customer fails to notify SOUNDTAXI or fails to provide sufficient advance notice before use, the video in question may be claimed. SOUNDTAXI will have the claim removed only after receiving notification of the link.
5.3. The Customer has the option of notifying SOUNDTAXI of links as early as during the purchase process, or can do so at a later date by sending an e-mail to SOUNDTAXI at any time. If the Customer notifies SOUNDTAXI at a later date, the order number for the music recording should always be provided in addition to the link.
5.4. The Customer is independently responsible for notifying SOUNDTAXI of links. Any and all liability on the part of SOUNDTAXI for use restrictions arising from Customer's failure to notify is excluded.
6. Special Terms for the purchase of licenses for third parties
6.1. As a general rule, SOUNDTAXI will allow the Customer to register (e.g. as an agency or producer) on the SOUNDTAXI website to use the services offered to acquire licenses for various clients via a single account of its own. With respect to such purchases of licenses for third parties, the following special terms and conditions apply.
6.2. The licenses provided by SOUNDTAXI as set out in the License Terms in Section 13 may not be sublicensed or transferred to third parties. Consequently, such licenses must always be acquired by the Customer expressly acting in a representational capacity for their respective clients; once the contract has been formed, those clients become direct Customers of SOUNDTAXI and the sole licensees of the relevant music recordings. The Customer hereby affirms that it has the required authority to place the respective order and to consent to these Terms of Use on behalf of its client. When ordering, the Customer must provide the client's name and contact information, thus disclosing the representation.
6.3. Where Customer acting as representatives acquire licenses for their clients as set out in number 6.2 above, SOUNDTAXI grants to such Customers the non-exclusive right to also use the music recordings themselves in the context of typical industry promotional activities referencing the specific "projects" of its clients for whom the respective music recordings were licensed. In any such instance, where creator credits are used, Customer shall credit Soundtaxi.com as being the source and provider of music.
7. Warranty, Liability
7.1. SOUNDTAXI provides no guarantee that the music recordings offered in association with the licenses will be usable for the specific purpose intended by the Customer.
7.2. The Customer must examine the downloaded music files immediately after receipt, insofar as doing so is feasible in the ordinary course of business, and report any defects discovered to SOUNDTAXI without delay.
7.3. Warranty claims made by the Customer are initially limited to correction or replacement by SOUNDTAXI. If efforts to correct or replace fail, the Customer has the right, at the Customer's choice, to a reduction in the fee or to demand that the contract be rescinded.
7.4. Furthermore, SOUNDTAXI may be held liable only in accordance with the following provisions:
(1) For loss caused through willful misconduct or gross negligence on the part of SOUNDTAXI or its legal representatives, senior staff members, or parties acting solely to assist SOUNDTAXI with performance, SOUNDTAXI may be held liable without limitation.
(2) In the event of a non-material breach of contract arising out of slight negligence, SOUNDTAXI may not be held liable. In the event of a material breach of contract (breach of duties the compliance with which the other party should be able to trust in as a matter of course and the satisfaction of which is central to proper performance of the contract occurring at all), SOUNDTAXI's liability for loss caused by slight negligence is limited to such loss as may typically be anticipated to occur in connection with the respective contractual relationship (typically foreseeable loss). This also applies to breaches of contract arising out of slight negligence on the part of legal representatives, senior staff members, or parties acting solely to assist SOUNDTAXI with performance.
(3) The above limitation of liability does not apply in the event of fraud, loss of life and limb, health, or well-being, the breach of guarantees, or to claims arising under product liability law.
8. Offsetting and Withholding Payment
The Customer has the right to offset only where the Customer's counterclaims have been upheld by a court or are uncontested. The Customer may exercise a right to withhold payment only where the Customer's counterclaim is based on the same contractual relationship.
9. Contract Term, Right to Cancel
9.1. Except as otherwise provided and insofar as there is no limit to the license duration stated for the licenses described in number 13.2.2, the Customer receives a license without a time limit as set out in the License Terms presented in Section 13 below.
9.2. SOUNDTAXI will provide the Customer separately with the cancellation policy, which informs the Customer about the right to cancel.
10. Online Dispute Resolution
Online dispute resolution pursuant to Art. 14 (1) of the "Regulation on online dispute resolution for customer disputes": The European Commission provides a platform for online dispute resolution (ODR), which you can find at http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/odr. SOUNDTAXI is not under any obligation and is not prepared to take part in dispute resolution processes before a consumer dispute resolution panel.
11. Data Privacy
For the collected and processed customer data, SOUNDTAXI's Privay Policy applies.
12. Payment Terms and Default
12.1. The applicable license fees are those indicated during the order process and stated on the SOUNDTAXI website at the time of the order.
12.2. The license fees stated include the value-added tax (VAT) stipulated by law. No VAT is charged to Customers outside of the European Union or to Customers from EU member states (with the exception of Germany) who provide a valid VAT ID number. For those Customers, after registering and successfully logging on to the SOUNDTAXI website, the license fees will be displayed without VAT.
12.3. The Customer must also pay fees that come about due to the actions of other users of the account. This also applies in the event of unauthorized use insofar as the Customer fails to prove that no breach of contract can be attributed to the Customer.
12.4. As a general rule, licenses are provided upon payment in advance. SOUNDTAXI accepts the payment systems stated on the order page, most notably credit cards and PayPal. As a rule, payment is collected by the particular service provider authorized to do so for the payment process. If in any given situation the authorized service provider incorporates its own terms and conditions, they will apply in addition to the SOUNDTAXI Terms of Use. In addition to advance payment, SOUNDTAXI also has the right to accept payment after the invoice has been issued.
12.5. If license fees are not required to be paid in advance and an invoice is issued instead, the fees are due and payable within 10 business days of receipt of the invoice from SOUNDTAXI. If the Customer defaults on payment, SOUNDTAXI has the right to charge interest for late payment at the rate stipulated by law. SOUNDTAXI reserves the right to assert a claim for more extensive damages due to the delay.
13. Licenses
13.1. Rights
13.1.1. All of the music recordings offered by SOUNDTAX are protected by copyright in Germany and abroad by the German Copyright Act (Urheberrechtsgesetz, UrhG), international contracts, and other governing laws. SOUNDTAXI Customers receive a license to use the music recordings in accordance with the License Terms provided in the following.
13.1.2. The Customers of SOUNDTAXI acknowledge that all rights to the music recordings provided by SOUNDTAXI, including any copyrights, licenses, or other rights or comparable legal statuses vis-à-vis the Customer, accrue exclusively to SOUNDTAXI and that they may not be used without SOUNDTAXI's prior written consent. In particular, Customers may not produce and use any arrangement or adaptation of the music recordings. Any use of the musical work more extensive than that permitted to the Customer via the license is prohibited.
13.1.3.	The music recordings offered by SOUNDTAXI are, in the context of these License Terms, free from rights held by third parties (e.g., musicians, composers, conductors, and producers). Claims by performing rights associations and/or other collecting societies, for instance ASCAP, PRS or BMI, form an exception to the foregoing. For the relevant music recordings, SOUNDTAXI explicitly indicates that they are "PRO-registered" and identifies the name of the corresponding organization (e.g., GEMA, SUISA, BMI, ASCAP, PRS). In this regard, it will be explicitly indicated to Customers that they need to obtain rights for particular forms of use – even if such rights might be viewed as encompassed by the license issued here – from the respective organization (e.g., obtain public performance rights from BMI), for which separate fees will also need to be paid to the organization. Customers are independently responsible for obtaining rights from these organizations. SOUNDTAXI provides no guarantee that licensed music recordings identified as "PRO-registered" may be used without the separate approval of the performing rights associations. In this regard, Customers must make the required inquiries themselves and, if applicable, obtain the required rights.
SOUNDTAXI also offers its Customers music recordings that are free from claims or rights by domestic or foreign performing rights organizations and other collecting societies to the particular musical works used. SOUNDTAXI indicates accordingly that such music recordings are not safeguarded by performing rights organizations ("Non-PRO").
13.1.4. Under Sec. 13 and Sec. 74 (1) sentence 1 of the German Copyright Act, composers and artists have the right to be identified by name. If music recordings are used in television or film productions, you must indicate the artist in the closing credits: Soundtaxi ©Composer, Track. You must similarly identify the artist for every other use of music recordings except where providing such reference is unreasonable for technical reasons, where governing law permits a different approach, or where providing such reference is atypical in the industry.
13.2. Acquisition and scope of rights of use
13.2.1. Once the license fees have been paid in full, SOUNDTAXI Customers acquire, subject to the provisions set out in number 13.1, a basic, non-exclusive, non-transferrable right to use a music recording for personal or commercial purposes in connection with a "project" to be specified more precisely by the Customer. Insofar as no agreements to the contrary have been entered into, and provided that a right to use the licenses described in number 13.2.2 below is not stipulated as being restricted with respect to time and/or place, the Customer is granted in connection with the specified project the right to use without restriction as to time and place. SOUNDTAXI Customers are not permitted to grant sublicenses for use of the music recordings to third parties. Furthermore, transferring the usage rights acquired pursuant to these License Terms to third parties is prohibited.
13.2.2. The music recordings may be used by the Customer for 1 project/production in the context of the "license groups" described below, which the Customer selects when ordering.
SOUNDTAXI offers usage rights, subject to the provisions set out in number 13.1, in connection with the following license groups:
a)	License Group 1
Presentation / Show (i.e. any live public presentation, that is not a video) or
Podcast (i.e. intro and outro for a podcast serie) or
Student Film / School / University (festivals / online / up to 1,000 copies) or
Charity production (Non-Profit) or
Wedding Videography or
additional language for license group 2.
b)	License Group 2
Web / Social Media / Editorial / Intranet / Online Advertising Budget up to $1,000 (incl. cutdowns / 1 language version / events) or
TV editorial / Corporate TV or
Mobile App / Online Game (1 App / Game) or
Music on Hold (1 location) or
Audio Book / Audio Drama or
up to 1,000 physical copies (i.e. DVD, USB, video game).
c)	License Group 3
Online Ad, advertising budget up to $10,000 (incl. cutdowns / 1 language version / events) or
Radio Ad regional (1 advertising spot / license valid for 1 year) or
Cinema Ad regional (1 advertising spot / license valid for 1 year) or
d)	License Group 4
Radio Ad national (1 advertising spot / license valid for 1 year) or
Cinema Ad national (1 advertising spot / license valid for 1 year) or
TV Ad regional (1 advertising spot / license valid for 1 year) or
Point-of-Sale Ad national (1 video) or
Public Viewing Ad national (1 video) or
Up to 10,000 physical copies (i.e. DVD, USB, video game).
13.2.3. SOUNDTAXI's prior written consent must be obtained for forms of use of any kind that do not belong to one of the license groups specifically stipulated by way of a separate licensing agreement within the meaning of number 13.2.2.
13.2.4. In other respects, the usage rights granted also include, subject to the provisions set out in number 13.1, the right to technically convert, to save, and to compress and/or decompress the music recordings into the format required in accordance with the respective technical demands of a project. Furthermore, shortening the music recordings is also permitted, provided the artists' and composers' moral rights are observed.
No other processing or adaptation of the music recordings is permitted, in particular remixes, samples, new recordings, as well as revisions, modifications, or changes to the content of the music recordings. In all other respects, the respective rights holders retain the copyrights and related rights to the music recordings, even in the event of authorized changes and modifications. For this reason, Customers are also not permitted to market or sell modified music recordings in their own name.
13.2.5. Additionally, the music recordings may not be used, distributed, made available, or resold in connection with music archives or databases. The use of music recordings for website templates is likewise prohibited.
Reproduction of music recordings or parts thereof for purposes of individual resale or relicensing is prohibited both in their existing as well as in any amended form (adaptation, arrangement, new recordings, etc.).
Additionally, offering the music recordings for download by or otherwise making them available to third parties in connection with file-sharing platforms or electronic networks is prohibited.
Furthermore, uses that violate the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany, the European Union, or which are contrary to public policy or accepted moral principles are prohibited. This applies in particular to uses of any type that are racist, glorify violence, are pornographic, or incompatible with the constitution.
13.2.6. In the event that the above License Terms are breached, SOUNDTAXI reserves the right to take action under civil and criminal law, and furthermore to close the account immediately.
14.1. These Terms of Use are governed by the laws of the Federal Republic of Germany and the rules found in international private law governing the conflict of laws.
14.2. As permitted by law, the place of performance is Stuttgart, Germany.
14.3. Where the Customer is a business operator, a legal entity under public law, or an entity specially funded under public law, for all disputes arising under or in connection with these Terms of Use or the SOUNDTAXI License Terms that follow, venue shall be proper in Stuttgart, Germany. The same applies where the Customer is not subject to a court of general jurisdiction in Germany, or the Customer relocates his or her domicile or usual place of residence outside of the country after the contract has been formed, or the Customer's domicile or usual place of residence is unknown at the time the action is filed.
SOUNDTAXI GmbH, Nikolausstrasse 6 a, D-70190 Stuttgart, Germany
Phone +49 (0)711- 217 202 291 / E-Mail: info@soundtaxi.com / www.soundtaxi.com
Stuttgart District Court HRB 732578, Managing Director: Tim Rheinwald
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text:
Home/Headlines/Rumble in Ondo Assembly over deputy governor
Rumble in Ondo Assembly over deputy governor
Ondo State Deputy Governor Agboola Ajayi has alleged that Governor Oluwarotimi Akeredolu wanted to impeach him.
He alleged that the illegal impeachment would be carried out through inducement of members of the House of Assembly.
Ajayi resigned from the All Progressives Congress (APC) and defected to the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) where he hoped to contest the governorship election.
Ajayi, who insisted on not resigning his position as the deputy governor, said Governor Akeredolu planned to impeach him through illegal and unconstitutional means.
Speaking through his Chief Press Secretary, Babatope Okeowo, Ajayi alleged that the assembly complex had been besieged by the police, while lawmakers that did not comply were prevented from entering the complex.
According to a statement, "we wish to state that the deputy governor is a tested politician of note, who is not unprepared for this type of kangaroo and infamous move from the desperate and drowning Governor of Ondo State, Arakunrin Rotimi Akeredolu and his group.
"By joining the PDP, Ajayi has not committed any impeachable offence. He has only exercised his constitutional right of freedom of association. Section 40 of the 1999 Constitution (as amended) provides as follows:
"Every person shall be entitled to assemble freely and associate with other persons, and in particular, he may form or belong to any political party, trade union or any association for the protection of his interests.
"For the avoidance of doubt, we state unequivocally that the governor and his allies do not have and cannot muster the requisite majority in the House of Assembly for the removal of the deputy governor under the 1999 Constitution in any free, fair and transparent process.
"We remain undaunted in the move to throw off the combined weight of those kneeling on the neck of Ondo State. Our state shall not be allowed to suffocate. At the appropriate time, the people of Ondo State shall decide the right person, who will serve as the arrowhead of the bid to save the state from the nepotistic clique kneeling on her neck."
The deputy governor has directed his sacked aides to resume duties in private capacity as his personal aides.
He advised them to return the government belongings in their possession to the appropriate quarters within 24 hours.
Information and Orientation Commissioner Donald Ojogo described Ajayi's allegation as the height of perfidy and another pernicious warp from an intellectually challenged and treacherous personality.
He said: "Knowledge cannot be procured, but only be acquired. For anyone to aver that lawmakers have been financially induced is a gross display of emptiness.
"It becomes more laughable when such comes from someone who had boasted about having majority members in the assembly. Clearly, while the executive led by Arakunrin Oluwarotimi Odunayo Akeredolu, SAN, does not believe in inducement, it is left for our reputable legislative arm to either confirm or debunk this spurious allegation."
Ondo State Government had earlier sacked seven aides deployed in the office of Deputy Governor Ajayi.
The sacking is not unconnected to the defection of Ajayi to the PDP.
Ajayi, however, insisted that he would not resign.
Those sacked were Mr. Olomu Bayo, special assistant, special duties; Mr. Olawale Abolade Mukaila, special assistant, photography; Mr. Babatope Okeowo, deputy chief press secretary; Mr. Samuel Sam Ogunmusi, personal assistant (deputy governor); Mr. Tokunbo Omotunmis, special assistant to the wife of the deputy governor; Mrs. Erifeyiwa Shola Akinnugba, (photography, wife of the deputy governor); and Mr. Allen Sowore, special assistant on new media.
A statement by Chief Press Secretary to Governor Akeredolu Mr. Segun Ajiboye said the aides were advised to submit government's belongings in their possession to the Chief of Staff to the Governor.
The statement said Governor Akeredolu wished them good luck in their future endeavours.
The neglect of the Office of the Deputy Governor has been given as the reason for the defection of Ajayi to the PDP.
Ajayi's Chief Press Secretary Mr. Babatope Okeowo made this known yesterday in a programme on a private radio station, RAVE FM, in Osogbo, the Osun State capital, tagged 'Frank Talk'.
He alleged that his principal's office was marginalised by the Governor Akeredolu administration and this made him to defect to the PDP.
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text:
Steamboat Bill, jr. (alternative Titel: Wasser hat keine Balken, Wasser hat Balken, Stürmische Zeiten, Dampfer-Willis Sohn) ist eine Stummfilmkomödie mit Buster Keaton aus dem Jahr 1928. Der Alternativtitel Wasser hat keine Balken wird auch für den Buster Keaton-Film The Boat verwendet.

Handlung
William 'Steamboat Bill' Canfield Sr. ist ein bärbeißiger Kapitän und fährt mit seinem alten Dampfschiff an den Ufern des Mississippi. Doch der neureiche Bankier Mr. King erbaut ebenfalls ein neues Dampfschiff und liefert sich nun mit Steamboat Bill einen heftigen Konkurrenzkampf. Dessen Sohn William, der in Boston aufgewachsen ist und seinen Vater noch nie gesehen hat, kommt zu Besuch. Der Vater ist wenig erbaut über seinen Sohn und vor allem über dessen äußere Erscheinung. Er hatte sich seinen Sohn als großen, kräftigen jungen Mann vorgestellt, stattdessen ist dieser ein schmächtiger Bursche mit schmalem Bärtchen, Baskenmütze und modischen Kleidern. Er hat auch eine Ukulele dabei. Der alte Kapitän lässt seinem Sohn den Bart abrasieren und kauft ihm neue Kleider. Beim Friseur begegnet William jr. Kitty, einem Mädchen, das er aus Boston kennt. Er verliebt sich in Kitty, doch es stellt sich heraus, dass diese die Tochter von Mr. King, dem Rivalen seines Vaters, ist. Er gerät damit in einen Loyalitätskonflikt mit seinem Vater.

William Jr. versucht immer wieder mit Kitty zusammenzutreffen, doch die beiden Väter versuchen die Verbindung mit allen Mittel zu verhindern. Es kommt zu einer Reihe von Verwicklungen und Auseinandersetzungen. Schließlich wird Steamboat Bill ins Gefängnis geworfen, als er sich mit Mr. King eine Prügelei liefert, weil seinem Schiff die Fahrerlaubnis entzogen wurde. Als ein Wirbelsturm die Kleinstadt in Trümmer legt, eilt William jr. in einem wahrhaft stürmischen Finale zur Hilfe: Zunächst rettet er Kitty aus den Fluten, dann befreit er seinen Vater aus dem in den Fluten schwimmenden Gefängnis, und schließlich holt er auch Mr. King aus dessen untergegangenen Dampfschiff. Die Väter vertragen sich und haben nichts mehr gegen die Beziehung von William jr. und Kitty einzuwenden.

Hintergrund
Steamboat Bill, jr. war kein Erfolg an den Kinokassen für Buster Keaton. Nach mehreren Flops läutete dieser Film das Ende seiner Zusammenarbeit mit dem Produzenten Schenk ein.
Der Filmarchitekt war Fred Gabourie.

Kritik
Lexikon des internationalen Films: Keatons letztes unabhängig produziertes Meisterwerk besticht mit seinen brillanten Einfällen und seiner soliden Dramaturgie.

Wissenswertes
Der Film enthält die berühmte Szene, in der während des Wirbelsturms die Fassade eines Hauses auf William jr. fällt – allerdings genau mit einer Fensteröffnung, so dass ihm nichts passiert. Keaton führte diesen Stunt – wie damals üblich – selbst durch. Wenn man genau hinsieht, kann man hinter der Fassade den Schatten des Helfers sehen, der die Wand hält bzw. fallen lässt.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1928
US-amerikanischer Film
Schwarzweißfilm
Stummfilm
Filmkomödie
Binnenschifffahrt im Film
Buster Keaton


Our worship service always includes a story for our younger members. We have some wonderful story tellers... and they are not just "story tellers". The stories they share teach valuable life lessons regarding trust, obedience, hope, love and the other virtues of Christian living.


text:
«LLYLM» (siglas de «Lie Like You Love Me»; en español: «Miente como si me amas») es una canción interpretada por la cantautora española Rosalía. Fue lanzada a través de Capitol Records como sencillo el 27 de enero de 2023.

Antecedentes
Rosalía comenzó a compartir fragmentos de la canción a principios de enero de 2023, mientras estaba de vacaciones en Tokio con su pareja, el cantante Rauw Alejandro. El 18 de enero, la cantante reveló la fecha de lanzamiento de la canción. Siguió compartiendo videos en TikTok con fragmentos de la canción antes del lanzamiento. El 23 de enero, reveló la portada de la canción. «LLYLM» ha sido descrita como una canción de pop flamenco con influencias electrónicas.

Posicionamiento en listas

Historial de lanzamiento

Referencias

Canciones de 2023
Sencillos de 2023
Canciones de Rosalía
Canciones multilingüísticas
Canciones en espanglish