Come start a thread in the tactics forum, post up your whole team selection, roles and duties and we'll help you out.
Latest update doesn't seem to have affected my tactic, still winning all my matches so that's good. Don't really notice the improvements in AI behaviour yet.
No repeat of the 36 win 2 draw season though, single blip losing to Liverpool 2-0, in December now and have been winning all my other games.
Difficult to tell you where to strengthen without knowing what formation you'll be playing. Central defence is always an area that will need improvement though in my opinion.
Just from looking at that can see a few issues. Retain possession and pass into space are at a juxtaposition to one another. Simply having shorter passing insiutates a passing game like real life. Furthermore, I usually like to couple push higher up with an offside trap if you fancy dancing with the devil in regards to Per's lack of pace.
This is my usual set up. Keeping it simple. If I want to shut up shop, I change to a below-standard mentality and add a combination of Retain Possession, be more disciplined. Depending on the tightness of the game sometimes go with stick to positions, much lower tempo, waste time, drop deeper and get rid of close down more and offside trap.
A brief update on my save. Abandoned the 4-1-4-1 project pretty early on, before 10 games if I remember correctly. It just wasn't getting me results. Went straight into a 4-2-3-1 and rose to 2nd in the league, where I've remained in the wake of Chelsea's dominance. Key players are performing well for me. Walcott and Ozil when fit are fantastic. Ramsey has been the midfield maestro he showed he was last season IRL, despite his lack of goals, frequently runs the games. Ox won the Golden Boy award with his performances on the right flank and at central midfield.
On the negative side, Cazorla and Wilshere have been very poor. Rarely contribute and they usually languish around the 6.5 mark every game (or lower) and results with them being hauled off! Wilshere failed to learn the LB position at all which spells the end of the Alaba-like conversion I wanted.
Just continued passed the conclusion of the January Transfer window where we were moderately active. Out went Diaby and Coquelin to Fulham for a combined £5m. I plugged a number of gaps in the squad without resorting to the common players (Balanta, the Romero's etc.). I also only attempt to sign players I've never had before on any FM. In came Pedro Obiang for £6.25m from Sampdoria, he looks exactly like a young Arteta with some strength although I need to work on quickness with him. I also brought in Mateo Musacchio from Villarreal for £13.75m, he's not the world beater like Balanta or Varane, but he's solid enough to provide rotation. With the obvious weaknesses in the squad addressed I signed some luxury players. I signed a promossing defensive midfielder Llorente from Real Madrid on loan, although this comes with a £30m signing fee which is astronomical for a 17 year old, but if he develops as he should be could be a staple in front of the back four for a decade. Also signed Lucas Pratto from Velez for a deal worth £6.25m. He became fantastic on FM14 IIRC, and he's rated as one of the top players at the club. Got a shade of Tevez about him being a work house with flair, finishing and physicals of a world class player.
I think I may have just had my best ever first season on FM. Started again after the latest patch.
I have won every single game bar the ECL semi second leg at the Nou Camp, where Messi got a hat-trick (10-7 on Aggregate!).
For whatever reason a couple of tactical tweaks and ramping up the Opposition Instructions (and of course lots of squad rotation to ensure fitness) has been incredible right from game 1. I assumed the form would drop off, but bar a few tight games (against easy opponents it has to be said) in Dec & Jan, its been largely a cakewalk. My league campaign was helped by imajor injuries to Fabregas, RVP, Rooney, Aguero and Yaya, meaning some of my most testing games have been less testing than they might.
But I have never had a team on any version playing like this. Ended up EPL with 114 points and a GD of +128!!!
Right from day 1 Ozil and Wellbeck were on fire (21 goals, 13 assists, 8.43 in 32 games & 36 goals, 20 assists, 8.10 in 29 games the EPL alone), and crucially both stayed fit. Walcott was equally amazing once back in the squad.
Playing Ozil as a Treq may have put more pressure on the midfield, but what a difference it made. quite apart from the amazing stats above he played 222 key passes in the EPL - 140 more than anyone else. And ramping up the OI meant so many goals late on.
Best results: 7-3 vs Barcelona at home (including walcott and welbeck in injury time); 8-1 vs Aston Villa at home (rare start up front for Podolski - hat trick within 27 mins; 7-0 at home vs Newcastle (4 for Welbz); 6-1 away at Swansea (3 Welbz, 2 for Ozil); 8-0 (h) vs Leicester (ozil hat-trick); 4-0 away at Man City & 5-2 at home to Chelsea.
Only significant signings: Phil Jones (28.5 over 478 months the day they bought Vertonghen), Tielemans (12m over 48 months), Balanta (7.25m); Gago (2m over 48 months); Sisto 2.5m; Traore from barca (for his small release - can't rememeber) and Coentrao from Madrid in Jan for 5.75m. The rest were kids or freebies or super to allow squad rotation in cups.
got 8.75 for Monreal from Sevilla and Monaco took flamini off me for 4.9, and Joel Campbell for what will add up to 26m!!! Didn't want sell him, but seeing as that paid for half my signings....flogged a few other early freebies (bandalovski, Merida, Emeghara etc for upwards of a total of 25m in Jan so now have more budget than I started with.
Tielelmans - 15 games, 7 goals, 7 assists 8.24 from central midfield.
Also got Odegaard to become the youngest ever EPL scorer off the bench in the final game of the season which was fun.
Its the introduction of these kids (plus a few appearances for Akpom, Gnabry, Belleren, martinez etc) which will help me maintain my enthusiasm, so the likes of Cazorla, Rosicky, Giroud etc may leave this summer, or if not next. Want to keep a fairly settled squad now (along with a couple of great bosmans), unless I can pick up the likes of Pogba, Cavani etc for less than usual. As AW would say 'top, top, quality'.
I also love how different a season can be from game to game. In my last one it was Giroud and Sanchez who were my best players, and I scored about 70 less goals in all competitions but had a tighter defence.
This time round Utd had the lowest goals total in the top half. Falcao got 1 goal in 17 games for them!!! But then the usually hopeless Soldado got 16 as Pocchetino fell out with Adebayor.
Southampton kept injury free and finished 3rd, 1 point ahead of Man City!
Liverpool were wildly inconsistent swinging from great runs at the start and end of season to a complete xmas colllapse.
3 points separated 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th & 10th...with the first 3 sorted by goal difference alone.
Going into the final game in Spain Real, Athletico & Barca have a point separating them. Hoffenheim won the bundesliga by a point ahead of an injury destroyed Bayern who sacked Pep. Psg & Juve owned their leagues.
Nice way to win the title, beating your rivals at home and lifting the trophy infront of them!
End of season update 2014/15!
So here are my results for April and May. Disappointed to lose to Newcastle because I dominated the game but my league form has been excellent so can't complain to much. Here's a look at the league table.
Won it comfortably in the end after Chelsea had a slump in form in their last few games. Very happy with a 95 points total. City were the big underachievers. Might see if I can nick Aguero off them now they're not in Europe. Other than that, no major surprises. May look at bringing in Jack Grealish now that Villa have gone down too!
Danny Welbeck was my top scorer and netted 26 times in all competitions, but 25 of them were in the league. That was enough for him to win the top scorer in the league. He also picked up premier league player of the year with an average rating of 7.61 in the league.
Jack Wilshere won premier league young player of the year having scored 7 goals and had an average rating of 7.22 in the league from a central midfield role.
All of my players, even those who played a bit-part role, finished with average ratings above 7. Notable mentions go to Walcott who was awesome when he came back from injury and chipped in with 17 goals, Alexis Sanchez who chipped in with 23 goals and finally Phil Jones, who had an average rating of over 7.5 in all competitions in his first season for us.
So onto the new season. Transfer-wise I'll be looking for release Diaby. Also want to sell Sanogo and Jenkinson who are not part of my plans. Will look to loan a lot of the youngsters out again to get experience. Reus will be joining soon so that'll probably be my only marquee signing unless a big name becomes available.
I'm confused by the clubs' world reputation. Anyone with a clue how it works?
Everton (who I think was taken over by a sugardaddy) all of a sudden leapfrog to 2nd behind Barcelona in world reputation. They haven't won any competition, their highest finish was 2nd in the Premier League 5 years ago.
Meanwhile I've won 7/7 Premier League titles and 4/7 Champions League titles and Arsenal is only ranked 9th.
Interesting signing here.. he did really well and got me the winner in The FA Cup Final! I had Lukaku, Sanchez & Welbeck all out and got desperate on deadline day.
Have signed: Romero, Gomez, Stones, Meyer and Odegaard so far in my joint save with the other person being Man U. Unfortunately Koscielny broke his leg before the season even started. Not sure really if Stones, Mertesacker and Chambers is really going to be sufficient even with Monreal and Hayden covering there.
Super brief "4 seasons in" report. Very consistent league form although ultimately disappointing.
4 cup wins & a Champions League runner up medal, not bad.
Mario Götze was superb as a Centre Mid (Attack), a lot better than I expected.
Lukaku the beast, I love him. Golden Boot, Player of the Year (dedicated to me, haha), perfect Centre Forward.
Season 5 coming up and am switching to a 4-4-2, Mr U Rosler's new one. Should be interesting.
Annoyingly Calum Chambers started whinging about Man Utd being interested but ended up selling him for £30 mil to Barcelona. Got John Stones in as a replacement, who I'm a big fan of IRL.
Start of season 3...Stepping away from The Arsenal for a while to go on a Journeyman save, won pretty much everything with them so I want to refresh my batteries a bit!
Personally I would give Isaac Hayden a shout, problem solved then dude. He's decent. Or Joe Gomez from Charlton.
Any thoughts about getting the best out of Giroud? I can't get him to do anything.
Finished my firt season. Was very good but should be better.
Ramsey was the player of the season but i think Chamberlain was better.
Sanchez was out for 4 months. Until that he was the better player of the team.
Welbeck played well but has that type of matches. All of you know him.
And Munir. What a guy.
This was the first transfer window in January.
And this for the new season.
So this is the team for the new season. Plus Welbeck, Savitskly and Rajkovic.
I've just come into the January transfer window in my first season with Arsenal. Throughly enjoying the game and doing well on all fronts. I had pleasent surprise when the board offered that I can change my expectations and doing so gave me a huge transfer budget of £120 million.
Sergio Ramos and Cavani were bought in as luxuries realy but they add so much to my team.
Is anyone else struggling offloading the likes of Giroud and Walcott? I have Destro, Wellbeck, Cavani and Sanchez up front so they are surplus to requirements.
Excellent choice, best defender in the game anyway.
Haha, network game? That's some nice capture for you then. My players are all unhappy with the way I treated Dedé. So now teammorale is low, and trust me, you can really feel it in the performances. Very annoying, especially since it was for no reason at all. Players are nagging way too often in this version.
You can usually sell Giroud for £30m after 1 or 2 seasons, but you need to have played him. I always keep HG/English players like Walcott for the Champions League requirements.
Easiest way to manage this is to just use the "I don't think you're going to get enough games etc etc at Club X", always works for me. I'm in 2021 and he's one of the best RBs in the game, glad I kept him.
Ah. I offered him out for 10 mil and still no luck. I'll give him a run in the first team and see if I can get some money for him. Callum Chambers is actually coming along really well but struggling to sign a decent left back. Any suggestions anyone??
I can only assume he'll be good there, but I'm one of those who likes to play players in their natural position.
I have a Bayern Munich save. Alaba is my 1st choice LB but is just as good in midfield too.
I went for Davide Santon for LB, and he's been very good for me.
Cheers guys. Managed to sign Santon in January for a knockdown 7 mil. Gonna try and sign Alaba in summer as he looks top notch.
It's been a while since I've posted here. With uni work and an ever growing back log of games, FM was put to one side for a bit. Thought I'd get back into it now that I've got more three time.
In my fifth season and after ONE league game five players have come to me about a lack of first team football?! A bug maybe?
Wilshere, Bellerin, Gnabry & 2 signed players.
Unhappiness over lack of first team football usually carries over from the previous season, newly signed players getting unhappy after 1 game is odd.
Group of death! Uh oh, fingers crossed I can get through that.
I have actually succeeded to buy Neymar from Barca. I don't exactly know how come, I did win the CL last season and was champion but it's still a mystery to me why he wanted to come. I'm close to a dreamteam right now. Also on a 41 match unbeaten streak in the league. .
Nice Ipinder. was trying to get Messi, Ronaldo or Neymar as i had 200mil Australian and finally got Neymar for 160 mil Aus (40 mil upfront and other payments). Really surprised they let him go and that he came.
16 goals and 28 assists. Not a bad debut season!
Anyone else having there under 21 squad filled out with Regen's rather than under 18 players? Anyway to fix this?
That's quite a big surprise idd. They actually won the championsleague in the first season in my save. They are subtop in my game at the moment.
Kinda, that's why I finish seasons so fast, most of the stuff is left to my assistant manager by now, I'm more focused on signing new talents/regens in the off-season.
It also helps that I'm usually only playing on my 2nd monitor while I do other stuff and not focusing on FM primarily. I'll probably start a new lower league game when I have time to focus on it.
Is this just Rock Solid from Christian Eriksen's tactic thread over on FM Base?
Flattered us but a very pleasing win. Especially the clean sheet. United had 6 clear cut chances to our five. Chelsea drew against Liverpool meaning we lead the table on goal difference.
A very poor draw. We seemed to have done enough but Mertersacker was too slow to cope with Lukaku run and Everton earned a well earned draw at the Emirates.
It wasn't looking too good when Villa took a 3rd minute lead. Luckily they faded after and we were able to respond. Cazorla maintaining his good form keeping Ozil out of the side.
We stuttered into the quarter final of the FA Cup. I named a mixed side wanting to get it done in one game. |We hit the bar three times and should've won by a much bigger margin.
A good routine win before the first leg of the Champions league game. We had seven clear cut chances in the first half alone.
An excellent start to the knockout stages. Should be comfortably through now. I played a deep line with their pacey trio of Boateng, Meyer and Draxler. However it was the clinical finishing at the other end that puts us into the quarter finals barring an embarrassment,. Only blotch was not selecting a sub keeper. Szszesny of course picked up a minor injury but had to keep on playing as I couldn't take him off. He will now be out for two weeks.
Two big horses and a little horse.
Cazorla was named player of the month. Young player went to Sterling while 3 wins and a draw made me manager of the month.
March starts with the League Cup final against Liverpool. We have 3 tricky away games in the league plus the FA Cup tie and Champions League game.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Discover the stunning coastal wonders, culinary curiosities, and awe-inspiring treasures of New South Wales, Australia.
UPSIDE DOWN The whole world turns upside down when you look through Horizon, a sculpture by Sydney artist Lucy Humphrey. Consisting of an acrylic sphere holding 475 gallons of water, the five-foot-wide sculpture refracts light and inverts the landscape. It has moved around Sydney, popping up in iconic spots like Barangaroo Reserve, a former dockland in the Central Business District reborn as an immaculately manicured park.
A city upside down: That's how Northern Hemisphere visitors might think of Sydney. The Australian metropolis is a mirror image of familiar sights like skyscrapers and orderly streets, flipped on the other side of the equator, having the English language and youthful can-do attitude in common with North America. And thanks to frequent Qantas flights from New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and Dallas/Fort Worth, Sydney is closer than ever. But look closer and, like the sculpture Horizon, the Australian jewel will surprise you with its fresh new perspective on life. It's a city both relaxed and driven, beachy and urbane.
With the world's largest natural harbor, Sydney has long been praised for its natural and architectural beauty. It's surrounded by national parks and bushland, the diverse landscapes harboring a plethora of birds like the Australian white ibis. Take a walk on the city's Hermitage Foreshore track, a coastal hike that will have you touch ancient sandstone coves and laze on pristine beaches while admiring the city's breathtaking skyline. Or splurge for a terrace suite at the Harbour Rocks Hotel, smack in the middle of the action, that treats you to a private viewing of sunrise over the iconic Sydney Opera House, which echoes the shapes of sails and surf.
It would be easy for a city like Sydney to rest on its beautiful laurels, but the 4.9-million-strong metropolis is constantly evolving. For example, Bondi Beach, which gave birth to Australia's surf culture merely minutes away from the Central Business District, has shed its spring-break-like vibe.
"Bondi's demographics are changing," says chef Ian Oakes. "It's certainly gotten more sophisticated." Aside from chef Oakes's convivial Drake Eatery, where the acclaimed chef grills rainbow chard with lemon and roasts heritage carrots to serve with smoked labne, the outdoorsy neighborhood has seen the opening of the smart boutique hotel QT Bondi. But it hasn't lost its hang-loose vibe. This is the kind of neighborhood where nobody would bat an eyelash if you turned up at the hip hangout Porch & Parlour for a flat white in nothing but a towel around your waist after a dip in the ocean. Closer to downtown, the neighborhood of Chippendale (absolutely no relation to the oiled-up dancing dudes) has seen its humble 19th-century cottages with wrought iron balconies come alive again as galleries and eateries. Aside from the White Rabbit Gallery, a world-class collection of contemporary Chinese art, you'll find Instagram-perfect Ester. Drawing from bountiful produce, this foodie hub sends out sharable plates like charred cauliflower on minty almond tahini, and squid ink dumplings. Just tip back a wood-fired oyster, topped with horseradish emulsion, and you'll understand that Australian cuisine has arrived.
THE WORLD IS YOUR SYDNEY ROCK OYSTER "Only in the last three or four years did people start caring about where their food is from," says Ewan McAsh. Eloquent and handsome, the 30-something grows oysters in the Clyde River, four hours' drive south from Sydney. As he revs up the engine of his silt-flecked punt, his mutt Nacho plonks down at the bow, taking in the fresh air. Sydney has seen a dazzling culinary reinvention these past few years, and it would have been impossible without the plentiful ingredients from across New South Wales, Sydney's vast, larger-than-Texas home state. Cattle graze freely on its rolling hills, and wine grapes prosper in the many different climates; its coastline is etched with meandering estuaries and rivers where oysters thrive.
Traveling between small towns on one-lane roads flanked by canopies of eucalyptus trees (koala food, as locals will tell you), you'll begin to see that there's indeed a lot of joy and nourishment in New South Wales. You might stroll between antique shops in the no-traffic-light village of Milton, or share the tranquil Pebbly Beach with absolutely nobody except hopping kangaroos munching on grass; you may walk along the dramatic Sea Cliff Bridge, which traces the undulating coastline, or swirl and sip Sémillon at a family-owned vineyard like Cupitt's Winery. Sydney and New South Wales, it turns out, aren't an upside down version of anything; they are home to the way life should be.


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RPad.TV
Verbal Laudanum By Raymond Padilla
Analysis: Google Buys Motorola Mobility
Google has announced that it has purchased Motorola Mobility for $12.5-billion or $40 a share. While that sounds like a hefty chunk of change, there are a few things to consider. First of all, Google can afford the purchase. Secondly, with all the ridiculous patent wars happening in tech, Motorola Mobility gives Google the opportunity to counter-sue and pursue cross-licensing deals with companies that claim Android infringes on their patents. Lastly, it's just good business to have control of software, services, and hardware.
Google CEO Larry Page wrote the following on the Official Google Blog:
This acquisition will not change our commitment to run Android as an open platform. Motorola will remain a licensee of Android and Android will remain open. We will run Motorola as a separate business. Many hardware partners have contributed to Android's success and we look forward to continuing to work with all of them to deliver outstanding user experiences.
We recently explained how companies including Microsoft and Apple are banding together in anti-competitive patent attacks on Android. The U.S. Department of Justice had to intervene in the results of one recent patent auction to "protect competition and innovation in the open source software community" and it is currently looking into the results of the Nortel auction. Our acquisition of Motorola will increase competition by strengthening Google's patent portfolio, which will enable us to better protect Android from anti-competitive threats from Microsoft, Apple and other companies.
This deal is first and foremost about patents. Depending on which source you believe, either Motorola or Nokia holds the largest mobile-tech patent library. Technology patents are getting out of hand. Apple and Microsoft are pretty much suing everybody that makes a mobile device. It's sad that Microsoft made more money off of Android than Windows Phones in Q2 2011. It's also sad that Apple is able to block Samsung devices from being sold in certain countries over patent litigation. (I've never mistaken a Galaxy device for an iPhone or iPad, have you?) Acquiring Motorola Mobility gives Google a ton of ammo to defend and attack in the crazy patent wars.
Although Motorola has been getting beat up in the press in 2011 due to the underwhelming Xoom tablet and the comically delayed Bionic phone, it's still one of the best Android handset makers in the world. Remember, Android didn't really take off until the Motorola Droid/Milestone. The company has made excellent Android phones like the Droid X and Droid 2. It will be interesting to see if the number of Motorola handsets decreases after the acquisition is complete (I'm guessing it will). The acquisition also fuels the rumor that Motorola will be making the Android Ice Cream Sandwich hero phone, rumored to be called the Nexus prime.
Regardless of whether Motorola Mobility continues producing the same amount of phones, it's important for Google to lead the way by showing how to integrate Android software, services, and hardware. Prior to the acquisition, Google only controlled the first two. Now it has a hardware manufacturer to play with. This can only be good for the future of Android.
Of course it will be interesting to see how Google's Android partners react to the deal in the long term. Right now its partners are applauding it because of all the lovely patents. Google will have to juggle the advantages of having its own hardware arm and appeasing its hardware partners. Naturally, Motorola Mobility will have some advantages over HTC, Samsung, LG, etc., but will they be substantial enough to stifle the competition or will the competition be forced to be more aggressive with differentiation? For example, will HTC — one of the most successful Android partners — be even more aggressive with its Sense UI and HTC Watch video service in order to help its phones stand out from Motorola's Google phones?
What do you think of Google's acquisition of Motorola Mobility? How do you think it will affect the Android universe? Is Motorola now a shoe-in for the next Android champion phone and all future Android champion products? Leave a comment and let me know (please)!
Author: RPadTV
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Author RPadTVPosted on August 15, 2011 Categories Mobile Tech, Today's SpecialsTags Mobile Tech
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Adopting in North and Humber
or use our contact form
Adopting in West Yorkshire
Adopting in South Yorkshire
Who Can Adopt
Partner or step parent adoption
Steps to Adoption
Adopting through early permanence
North and Humber
Information and support for first parents and relatives
Information for people who have been adopted
Liam and Nick adopt again!
Two years after adopting their son Ben, Liam and Nick welcomed half-sibling baby Jodie into their home to complete their family.
'I had a call from our social worker about adopting Ben's baby sister while we were in the park,' says Liam. 'It was tipping it down and we were sheltering under the slide. I rang Nick and rushed round to my mum and dads and it didn't take us long for us to decide what we were going to do.
'I didn't realise, but when you adopt a second time you have to be approved again, so we had to do some more work with our social worker. We had to go to panel again. We met with an experienced second-time adopter and asked her loads of questions.'
'There was a lot of work to do before we introduced Ben to Jodie. We showed Ben photos of Jodie from her original profile and photos the foster carers had taken and told Ben that she was his sister,' says Nick.
'The foster carers had pictures of us to show Jodie. Some were stuck on the wardrobe in her room, so she could see them from her cot. We also had a baby muslin with our aftershave on and we gave her some teddies and things to put in her cot that had our scent on them.'
'We met Jodie the day after her first birthday. We came up the drive and she was waving at us from the window. It was a very special moment,' says Nick.
'We had a week of introductions with Jodie's foster carers. It was about her getting to know us, and Ben, as he was an important part of that transition. The children saw each other for the first time on the third day and they started playing together straight away, that connection and bond was right there. As the week progressed we had days out, just the four of us as a family. Jodie gradually attached over to us and on the final day we picked her up and took her home,' says Nick.
'We had a very small car and she had loads of stuff!' says Liam. 'Nick was wedged in the front while the two kids were asleep in the back.
'I thought it was going to be really tough having two but I feel a lot more relaxed,' says Liam. Jodie slotted in really fine, it felt like she'd always been there. I'm an only child so I was really excited to be part of a brother and sister growing up together. Nick says he can see what Jodie is like with Ben, having had a sister, winding him up and stuff. As soon as Ben picks a toy up she wants it. It's very funny to watch sometimes.
'At first he didn't pay her much attention but with them sharing a room it didn't take long for them to be a couple of monkeys! Ben used to get in her cot and you could hear them giggling in the mornings.'
'The plan was to adopt Ben, move house and then adopt again. It didn't quite go to plan!' says Nick. 'But by adopting before moving we had a chance to keep Ben and Jodie together. We've moved to a bigger house now, so they have a bedroom each. They're so relaxed. They don't wake up in the night.
'We recently went on holiday and Ben was always asking where's Jodie going? We really noticed he was concerned about her,' says Liam. 'Jodie gets upset when Ben goes out and Ben asks where Jodie is when she's not there. They've got that attachment for each other and for us.
'One of the most important things to remember is there's no right or wrong way to feel when you meet a child for the first time,' says Liam. 'I imagined I was going to think 'I'm his dad and I'm going to love him instantly'. And I remember meeting Ben and thinking, 'Oh I don't feel like that', like there was something wrong with me.
'That moment came when Ben wasn't very well and I was playing with him on the floor and it just hit me: he's my son. I just started crying and Ben was just looking at me like, what's up with you? So with Jodie I was prepared not to feel instant love and just let it grow.'
'Ben is four next month and Jodie is 18 months,' says Nick. 'We've got the family we always wanted: our two children, a new house and good jobs. We're now ready to see what the future has in store for us.'
Liam: Be prepared to wait, so use your time wisely, read up on adoption and the different types of children waiting. We got to the point where we were ready to say that's it now. So we booked a holiday and then Jodie came along so we cancelled our holiday. It didn't matter.
Nick: Make sure you've got a good support network in place and that's in place before you go ahead, because during the adoption process and introductions you need that support from family and friends. There's lots of post adoption support available through One Adoption. That's been really good: summer picnics and events.
Liam: There's a drop-in stay and play event and I love it and go as often as I can. Jodie gets to play with loads of toys and I can chat with the social worker. And the people that you meet on the preparation course: keep them close. We really bonded with another same sex couple on the course, and when we meet up the children go and play and it's like therapy for us! We all talk and it's nice to know you're not the only one going through it. If Ben behaves a certain way I can't know if it's because he's a 'threenager' of whether it's because he's had a difficult start. So when you talk to other people you realise their kids are behaving that way as well. It's important to have somebody else who knows what you're going through.
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text:
DCS: Phoenix Woman Who Used Hemp Oil on Son Will Get Foster-Care License
Ray Stern September 18, 2017 7:30AM
Charlotte's Web hemp extract, which contains cannabidiol, is sold on Target's website. Target
Arizona Department of Child Safety officials will revise a newly updated policy banning foster-care licenses for people who possess hemp oil following a parent's plea for change.
The change won't affect the DCS' ongoing discrimination of state-authorized medical-cannabis consumers in the foster-care program.
But it will likely make a difference for Phoenix lawyer Rebecca Masterson and, potentially, other prospective foster-care parents.
"I appreciate your patience as the team worked to reach this conclusion and truly appreciate your decision to foster the child in your care." — Michael Faust, licensing supervisor at the Arizona Department of Child Safety
"I am moving forward with licensing, and am thrilled to be able to offer more support to my teen foster son," Masterson told the Phoenix New Times on Friday. "DCS, my foster son, and I all win here."
As a New Times article detailed on Wednesday, Masterson applied for a foster-care license after she took in a 16-year-old boy who has "anger issues" and no parents. She wrote about her experience earlier this month on her personal blog, Sincerely Becca.
She admitted to DCS caseworkers that she was an authorized caregiver under the state's 2010 medical-marijuana law, and that she gave her 12-year-old son, who's adopted, hemp oil with cannabidiol (CBD) that helps control his self-destructive "tics."
CBD is a compound found in cannabis plants that produces no psychoactive effects, unlike the better-known THC.
The state agency denied her license based on a 2011 policy that bans people from becoming foster parents if they consume medical cannabis legally under Arizona law, a decision the agency said stemmed from the federal ban on cannabis.
Other cannabis-friendly states, however, including California, Colorado, and Oregon, have no blanket prohibition against medical-cannabis consumers being foster-care parents.
Masterson, who doesn't use cannabis herself, canceled her medical-marijuana card and appealed the decision, but told caseworkers she would still provide commercially available hemp oil to her son.
The DCS refused her a second time. On September 7, the same day New Times began making inquiries about her case, the agency updated its policy to specifically exclude people who possess or use cannabis extracts like CBD.
The new policy statement referred to a January 2017 warning by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency that it considered extracts a Schedule One drug under the Controlled Substances Act.
Charlotte's Web hemp extract, which contains cannabidiol, is sold on Target's website.
"The use of marijuana, including marijuana extracts, is a violation of federal law, even though medical marijuana is authorized by law in Arizona," the September 7 DCS update states.
Masterson later showed DCS licensing supervisor Michael Faust that the same CBD product she had purchased at an Arizona dispensary, Charlotte's Web Everyday Pure Hemp Extract Oil, was being sold online by Target and other stores.
Faust told her on September 12 that it appeared the oil she used for her son, which is made by CW Hemp of Colorado, "is an industrial hemp-based product" and implied the agency might take a different "position" on it. He was waiting for advice from the state Department of Health Services, which oversees the state medical-marijuana program.
The next day, she asked Faust what was going on, but he didn't reply. She asked again on Friday, September 15, the morning after publication of the New Times article. Later that morning, he told her the DCS was reversing its decision on withholding a license because of the hemp oil in her home.
After consulting with DHS and lawyers from DCS, he wrote in an email, the DCS concluded that since the product wasn't regulated by the medical-marijuana law, "it is therefore acceptable and should not preclude an individual from applying for and being approved as a licensed foster care provider," Faust wrote.
The DCS will revise its "internal procedures" and make a distinction between hemp-based products and "THC or CBD-based products which are not permitted," he wrote. "Based on this decision the outstanding question of administering the product at your ex-husband's residence is moot. I appreciate your patience as the team worked to reach this conclusion and truly appreciate your decision to foster the child in your care."
Mary Ann Rounseville, director of content strategy for CW Hemp, directed questions about the decision to Realm of Caring, a nonprofit, pro-medical-cannabis organization funded in large part by CW Hemp.
"It sounds like it's definitely a victory for this family and for foster homes," said Realm of Caring CEO Heather Jackson of Friday's DCS decision.
Both Jackson and Rounseville denounced strongly the DEA decision that CBD is technically illegal, pointing out that CW Hemp's product is sold in all 50 states.
Many other companies besides CW Hemp manufacture and distribute hemp oil with CBD. In January, the Hemp Industries Association, a trade group that promotes and supports hemp companies, sued the DEA in an attempt to block the DEA from enforcing its rule on cannabis extracts like CBD.
The HIA argues that the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled in 2004 that hemp is not a Schedule One drug, and that a pro-hemp "Farm Bill" passed by Congress in 2014 further clarified that "consumption of hemp-derived products containing cannabinoids" was allowed.
HIA attorney Patrick Goggin said on Friday that the case is awaiting a hearing.
Masterson said had submitted all the required paperwork for a foster-care license before the agency's initial denial, and is now enrolled in a condensed, accelerated program with DCS. She hopes to receive the license in a few weeks, following a home inspection and "home study" by caseworkers.
"I am particularly grateful to Phoenix New Times for raising this issue and helping change this piece of DCS policy," she said.
For now, the DCS will continue to reject state-authorized medical-marijuana patients simply because they possess or consume cannabis — while allowing prospective parents who use alcohol or prescription drugs.
Ray Stern has worked as a newspaper reporter in Arizona for more than two decades. He's won numerous awards for his reporting, including the Arizona Press Club's Don Bolles Award for Investigative Journalism.


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The theoretical prediction of a crystalline superfluid, or ``stripe''  phase, that spontaneously
breaks translational symmetry in thin films of $^{3}$He{} \cite{vor07}, along with advances in nanoscale fabrication
and experimental instrumentation \cite{lev13}, has renewed interest in the properties of superfluid $^{3}$He{} in thin
films and confined geometries.
In the weak-coupling limit of BCS theory the Stripe phase is predicted to be stable in a
large region of temperature and pressure for films of thickness $D\sim 700\,\mbox{nm}{}$.
However, recent experiments on $^{3}$He\ confined in slabs of thickness $D\approx 700\,\mbox{nm}{}$
and $D\approx 1080\,\mbox{nm}{}$ have failed to detect evidence of the Stripe phase \cite{lev13}.

A limitation of the Vorontsov and Sauls theory is that it does not include strong-coupling corrections
to the BCS free energy.
In bulk $^{3}$He{}, weak-coupling theory predicts a stable B phase at all temperatures and pressures;
however, the A phase is found to be stable experimentally at $T_c$ and pressures above
$p_{\mbox{\tiny PCP}}{} \approx 21.22 \,\mbox{bar}{}$, with a first-order transition at $T_{\text{AB}}<T_c$ to the B phase.
Theoretically accounting for the stability of the A phase requires including next-to-leading order
corrections to the full free energy functional, i.e. corrections to the weak-coupling
functional \cite{rai76}.
While these strong-coupling corrections are largest at high pressures, they remain significant
even for $p \sim 0 \,\mbox{bar}{}$\cite{cho07}. Thus, for superfluid $^{3}$He{} confined within
a film, it is to be expected that strong-coupling effects will increase the stability of the
A phase relative to both the B- and Stripe phases, which could diminish, or even eliminate, the
experimentally accessible region of the Stripe phase.

In this paper we report our study of the A-Stripe and Stripe-B superfluid transitions using a
Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional that incorporates strong-coupling corrections to the weak-coupling GL
material coefficients and accurately reproduces the bulk superfluid $^{3}$He{} phase diagram \cite{wim15}.
Within this strong-coupling GL theory we calculate the superfluid order parameter and phase diagram
as a function of pressure, temperature, confinement, and surface conditions.

\section{Ginzburg-Landau Theory}\label{sec:1}

The general form of the p-wave, spin triplet order parameter for $^{3}$He\ is given by the mean-field
pairing self energy, which can be expanded in the basis of symmetric Pauli matrices ($S=1$) and
vector basis of orbital momenta ($L=1$),
\begin{equation}
\hat{\Delta}(\hat{p}) = \sum_{\alpha i} A_{\alpha i}\, (i \sigma_\alpha \sigma_y)\, \hat{p}_i \,,
\end{equation}
where $\hat{p}$ is the direction of relative momentum of the Cooper pairs defined on the Fermi surface,
and $A_{\alpha i}$ are the elements of a $3\times 3$ complex matrix,
\begin{equation}
A =
\begin{pmatrix}
A_{xx} & A_{xy} & A_{xz} \\
A_{yx} & A_{yy} & A_{yz} \\
A_{zx} & A_{zy} & A_{zz}
\end{pmatrix}
\,,
\end{equation}
that transforms as a vector under spin rotations (with respect to $\alpha$) and (separately) as a
vector under orbital rotations (with respect to $i$). We choose aligned spin and orbital coordinate axes.

\vspace*{8mm}
\subsection{Free energy functional}\label{subsec:1:1}

To determine the order parameter and the phase diagram of $^{3}$He\ in a film geometry, we
solve the Euler-Lagrange equations of the Ginzburg-Landau functional, subject to relevant boundary
conditions, and calculate the order parameter and the stationary free energy.
The GL functional is defined by bulk and gradient energies with temperature dependent strong-coupling
corrections, and is supplemented by boundary conditions that we can tune from maximal to minimal
pair-breaking \cite{wim15}.

The Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional is expressed in terms of invariants constructed from the
order parameter matrix, $A$, and is given by \cite{thu87}
\begin{widetext}
\begin{align}
\Omega[A]
&=
\int_{V}d\vec{R}\;
\left\{\vphantom{\frac{1}{3}}
\alpha(T) Tr\left(A A^{\dagger}\right)
+\beta_{1} \left|Tr(A A^{T})\right|^{2}
+\beta_{2} \left[Tr(A A^{\dagger})\right]^{2}
\right.
\\
& \qquad \left.
\vphantom{\frac{1}{3}}
+\beta_{3}\, Tr\left[A A^{T} (A A^{T})^{*}\right]
+\beta_{4}\, Tr\left[(A A^{\dagger})^{2}\right]
+\beta_{5}\, Tr\left[A A^{\dagger} (A A^{\dagger})^{*}\right]
\right.
\nonumber\\
& \qquad \left.
\vphantom{\frac{1}{3}}
+K_{1} \left(\nabla_{k}A_{\alpha j} \nabla_{k}A_{\alpha j}^{*}\right)
+K_{2} \left(\nabla_{j}A_{\alpha j} \nabla_{k}A_{\alpha k}^{*}\right)
+K_{3} \left(\nabla_{k}A_{\alpha j} \nabla_{j}A_{\alpha k}^{*}\right)
\right\}
\,.
\nonumber
\end{align}
\end{widetext}

In the weak-coupling limit the GL material parameters are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha^{\text{wc}}(T)
&=&
\nicefrac{1}{3}N(0)(T/T_{c}-1)\,,
\\
2\beta_{1}^{\text{wc}}
&=& -\beta_{2}^{\text{wc}} = -\beta_{3}^{\text{wc}} = -\beta_{4}^{\text{wc}} = \beta_{5}^{\text{wc}}
\,,
\label{eq-beta-wc}
\\
\beta_{1}^{\text{wc}}
&=&
-\frac{N(0)}{(\pi k_{\text{B}}T_{c})^2}\left\{\frac{1}{30}\left[\frac{7}{8}\zeta(3)\right]\right\}
\,,
\\
K_{1}^{\text{wc}}
&=&
K_{2}^{\text{wc}} = K_{3}^{\text{wc}} = \frac{7 \zeta(3)}{60} N(0)\, \xi_{0}^2
\,,
\end{eqnarray}
and determined by the normal-state, single-spin density of states at the Fermi energy, $N(0)$, the bulk
transition temperature, $T_c$, and the Fermi velocity, $v_f$.
The Cooper pair correlation length $\xi_{0} \equiv \hbar v_{f} / 2\pi k_{B} T_{c}$ varies from
$\xi_{0}\simeq 770\,\textup{\AA}$ at $p=0\,\mbox{bar}$ to $\xi_{0}\simeq 160\,\textup{\AA}$ at $p = 34\,\mbox{bar}$.

\subsection{Strong-coupling corrections}\label{subsec:1:2}

The fourth order $\beta$ parameters that enter the GL free energy functional are modified
by next-to-leading order corrections to the full Luttinger-Ward free energy functional \cite{rai76}.
These corrections scale as $\Delta\betasc{i}\sim\betawc{i}(T/T_F)$ near $T_c$.
Combining the $\Delta\betasc{i}$ with the weak-coupling coefficients in the bulk GL functional
yields the critical pressure, $p_{\mbox{\tiny PCP}}{}$, above which the A phase is stable relative to the B phase.
For $p>p_{\mbox{\tiny PCP}}{}$ the temperature scaling of the strong-coupling corrections relative to the weak-coupling $\beta$
parameters breaks the degeneracy in temperature between the A and B phases at the critical pressure and
accounts for the pressure dependence of the A-B transition line, $T_{\text{AB}}(p)$, and thus an accurate
bulk phase diagram \cite{wim15}. The resulting strong-coupling $\beta$ parameters are given by
\begin{align}
\label{eq-betas_sc-scaling}
\beta_i(T,p)
&= \betawc{i}(p,T_c(p))+\frac{T}{T_c}\Delta\betasc{i}(p)
\,.
\end{align}
Figure \ref{choi_bulk_diagram} shows the experimental bulk superfluid phase diagram as well as the
phase diagram calculated from strong-coupling GL theory using $\Delta\betasc{i}$ coefficients obtained
based on analysis of selected experiments by Choi et al. \cite{cho07}.
These $\beta$ coefficients differ substantively from those calculated from strong-coupling
theory based on a quasiparticle scattering amplitude that accounts for the normal Fermi liquid
properties of $^{3}$He.
Figure \ref{ss_bulk_diagram} shows the bulk phase diagram calculated using the $\Delta\betasc{i}$ from
Sauls \& Serene\cite{sau81b}. This set of $\beta$ coefficients has a higher polycritical pressure
than experiment; however, the pressure dependence of the $\Delta\betasc{i}$ represents the expectation
based on strong-coupling theory dominated scattering from ferromagnetic spin-fluctuations.
Below $p = 12\,\mbox{bar}{}$ the $\Delta\betasc{i}$ are extrapolated to zero at a negative pressure
corresponding to $T_c = 0$ \cite{wim15}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{choi_diagram_base.pdf}
\caption{(Left) Bulk phase diagram with lines showing the measured phase transitions and shading showing
         the calculated regions of phase stability based on GL theory. The $\Delta\betasc{i}$ coefficients
         are from Choi et al\cite{cho07} and are plotted in the right panel.}
\label{choi_bulk_diagram}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{ss_diagram_base.pdf}
\caption{(Left) Bulk phase diagram where the shaded regions represents the phases calculated from GL theory with
	the $\Delta\betasc{i}$ of Sauls \& Serene \cite{sau81b}.
	These strong-coupling corrections are plotted in the right panel.}
\label{ss_bulk_diagram}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Boundary Conditions}
\label{subsec:boundary}
Confinement is represented in the GL theory through boundary conditions. For infinite, planar surfaces there are
two limiting cases: maximal pairbreaking, due to the retroreflection of quasiparticles\cite{sau11},
and minimal pairbreaking, corresponding to specular reflection \cite{amb75}. For a surface on the $x-y$ plane
with $^{3}$He{} filling $z > 0$, maximal pairbreaking is defined within GL theory by
\begin{align}
A_{\alpha i}\big|_{z=0} &= 0\,\,\forall i\in\{x,y,z\}
\,,
\end{align}
while minimal pairbreaking is defined by
\begin{align}
A_{\alpha z}\big|_{z=0} &= 0\,, \nonumber \\
\nabla_z A_{\alpha x}\big|_{z=0} &= \nabla_z A_{\alpha y}\big|_{z=0} = 0
\,.
\end{align}

These boundary conditions may be extended by interpolating between the two extremes. In particular,
Ambegaokar, de Gennes, and Rainer (AdGR) showed that diffuse scattering from an atomically rough
surface leads to a GL boundary condition in which the transverse orbital components of the order
parameter are finite at the surface, but extrapolate linearly to zero a distance $b_T = 0.54 \xi_0$
past the boundary. Thus, we introduce more general boundary conditions defined by
\begin{align}
A_{\alpha z}\big|_{z=0} &= 0\,, \nonumber \\
\nabla_z A_{\alpha x}\big|_{z=0} &= \frac{1}{b_T} A_{\alpha x}\big|_{z=0} \nonumber \\
\nabla_z A_{\alpha y}\big|_{z=0} &= \frac{1}{b_T} A_{\alpha y}\big|_{z=0}
\label{eq:boundary}
\,,
\end{align}
where $b_T = b_T^\prime \xi_0$ is the extrapolation length. The parameter $b_T^\prime$ is allowed to
vary from $b_T^\prime = 0$, maximal pairbreaking, to $b_T^\prime \to \infty$, minimal pairbreaking.
The film geometry consists of two infinite coplanar surfaces separated by a distance $D$ with $^{3}$He{}
filling the region between them. The boundary conditions in Eq. \ref{eq:boundary} are imposed at
$z = \pm D/2$.

\subsection{Extrapolating GL theory to low temperatures}\label{subsec:lengths}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.85\linewidth]{scaling_filled.pdf}
\caption{Comparison of the phase diagrams calculated within weak-coupling quasiclassical theory
         (blue and orange lines),
         weak-coupling GL theory (dashed lines), and
         weak-coupling GL theory with $D$ rescaled by
         $\xi_{GL}(T)/\xi_\Delta(T)$ (solid black lines).}
\label{scaling_diagram}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Ginzburg-Landau theory is only expected to be accurate in the vicinity of $T_c$.
This is easily seen in the order parameter amplitude, $\Delta^2\sim 1-T/T_c$, which
varies linearly in $T$ down to $T=0$; whereas the weak-coupling BCS order parameter
saturates at low temperatures. In confined $^{3}$He, this difference is reflected in the
characteristic length scale for variations of the order parameter, which in GL theory is
\begin{align}
\xi_{GL}(T)&=\left[\frac{7 \zeta(3)/20}{1-T/T_c}\right]^{1/2}
             \left(\frac{\hbar v_f}{2 \pi k_B T_c} \right)
\,.
\end{align}
In weak-coupling BCS theory, the characteristic length scale is
\begin{align}
\xi_\Delta(T) &= \frac{\hbar v_f}{\sqrt{10} \Delta_B^{\text{\tiny BCS}}(T)} \,,
\end{align}
which is significantly larger than $\xi_{GL}(T)$ at low temperatures. In order to
more accurately extrapolate the spatial variations of the order parameter, as well
as the confinement phase diagram, to lower temperatures we rescale the
film of thickness in the GL equations $D \to D(T)$ with
\begin{align}
D(T) &= D(T_c) \, \frac{\xi_{GL}(T)}{\xi_\Delta(T)}
\label{eq:lscale}
\,,
\end{align}
where $D(T_c) = D$ is the thickness of the film and $D(T)$ is a rescaled thickness
used within the GL theory calculation.
Figure \ref{scaling_diagram} shows the effect of this rescaling on the weak-coupling
GL theory phase diagram for the region of stability of the Stripe phase in comparison to
the Stripe phase region obtained in weak-coupling quasiclassical theory \cite{vor07}.
Rescaling lengths in the GL theory in terms of $\xi_{\Delta}(T)$ gives a more accurate
representation of the confinement phase diagram than simple extrapolation of the GL
results to low temperature. The deviations that remain reflect the non-locality of
the quasiclassical theory for inhomogeneous phases for $T\ll T_c$.

\section{Stripe phase}

The Stripe phase spontaneously breaks translational symmetry in the plane of the film.
We assume it does so along the $x$ axis, leaving the order parameter translationally invariant
along the $y$ direction. Broken translational symmetry leads to a new length scale, $L$, which
is the half-period of the Stripe phase order parameter; $L$ is an emergent length scale,
which varies with temperature, pressure, film thickness, and the surface boundary condition,
and must be determined by numerical minimization of the GL free energy
in parallel with the self-consistent determination of the order parameter.

\subsection{Order parameter}

The Stripe phase is predicted to be stable in superfluid $^{3}$He{} films of thickness
$D \sim 10 \xi_0$ \cite{vor07}. In weak-coupling theory this phase appears as a
second order transition between the Planar and B phases, and for
$D\lesssim D_{c_2}\approx 13\xi_0$, corresponds to a periodic array of degenerate
B-phase domains separated by domain walls \cite{vor07}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{stripe_op_2.pdf}
\caption{Stripe phase order parameter for specular surfaces as functions $x$
         and $z$ for $D=12\xi_0$, $p=3\,\mbox{bar}$, $T=0.5T_c$, and calculated period $L\approx 23.6\xi_0$.
         The amplitudes are scaled in units of the bulk B phase order parameter,
         $\Delta_B=\sqrt{|\alpha(T)|/6(\beta_{12}+1/3\beta_{345})}$.}
\label{order-parameter}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

For broken translational symmetry along the $x$ axis the residual symmetry of the Stripe phase
is defined by the point group,
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathsf{H} &=& \lbrace \mathrm{e},\, \mathsf{c}_{2x}^\mathsf{L} \mathsf{c}_{2x}^\mathsf{S} \rbrace \times
\lbrace \mathrm{e}, \pi_{xz}^\mathsf{L}\pi_{xz}^\mathsf{S} \rbrace \negthickspace\times\negthickspace
\lbrace \mathrm{e}, \pi_{xy}^\mathsf{L}\pi_{xy}^\mathsf{S} \rbrace
\nonumber
\\
&\times&
\lbrace \mathrm{e}, \pi_{xz}^\mathsf{L}\pi_{xz}^\mathsf{S} \rbrace \negthickspace\times\negthickspace
\lbrace \mathrm{e}, e^{i\pi} \mathrm{c}_{2z}^\mathsf{L} \rbrace \negthickspace\times\negthickspace \mathsf{T}\,,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mathsf{c}_{2x}^\mathsf{L}$ is an orbital space $\pi$ rotation about the $x$ axis,
$\pi_{xz}^\mathsf{S}$ is a spin space reflection about the $xz$ plane, and $\mathsf{T}$ is
the operation of time reversal.
Based on this residual symmetry group we can simplify the form of the order parameter for the
Stripe phase to
\begin{equation}
A(x,z) =
\begin{pmatrix}
A_{xx} & 0 & A_{xz} \\
0 & A_{yy} & 0 \\
A_{zx} & 0 & A_{zz}
\end{pmatrix}
\,,
\end{equation}
where the remaining five components are functions of $x$ and $z$, and are all real due to time
reversal symmetry.

The spatial dependences of the self-consistent order parameter components for the Stripe phase
at pressure $p=3$ bar, $T/T_c=0.5$, thickness $D=12\xi_0$ with specular surfaces are shown in
Fig. \ref{order-parameter}.
Note that the calculated half period is $L\approx 23.6\xi_0$, and that the
dominant components are the diagonal elements, $A_{xx}$, $A_{yy}$ and $A_{zz}$. The latter
exhibits a domain wall separating degenerate B-like order parameters with $\mbox{sgn}(A_{zz})=\pm 1$.
The pair-breaking of $A_{zz}$ on the boundaries is alleviated by the large off-diagonal
component, $A_{zx}$, at the junction with the domain wall. The remaining symmetry allowed amplitude,
$A_{xz}$, clearly exhibits the symmetry with respect to
$\mathsf{c}_{2x}^\mathsf{L} \mathsf{c}_{2x}^\mathsf{S}$, but is smaller by an order of magnitude.

The stability of the Stripe phase results from a tradeoff between the lowering of the energy
at junctions where the surfaces intersect the domain wall (note the gradient energy in
Fig. \ref{energy-density}) and the cost in energy, away from the film surface, due to the
suppression of the order parameter along the domain wall.
The total condensation energy density, with separate bulk and gradient energy densities, is
shown in Fig. \ref{energy-density}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{stripe_edens.pdf}
\caption{Energy density of the Stripe phase with specular surfaces for $D=12\xi_0$, $p=3\,\mbox{bar}$,
         $T=0.5T_c$, and calculated period $L\approx 23.6\xi_0$. The energy density $f$ is scaled
         by the unconfined bulk energy density $f_B = \nicefrac{1}{2} \alpha(T)\,\Delta_B(T)^2 < 0$,
         and is also shown separated into bulk and gradient contributions.}
\label{energy-density}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Variational Model}

The magnitude of the half-period of the Stripe phase, $L$, is most easily determined using a variational
form of the order parameter; $L$ is a minimum at the Stripe-Planar transition and diverges at the Stripe-B
transition. At the Stripe-Planar transition, and for specular boundaries, $L$ may be derived from the
variational order parameter,
\begin{equation}
A(x,z) =
\begin{pmatrix}
\Delta_{xx} & 0 & 0 \\
0 & \Delta_{yy} & 0 \\
A_{zx} & 0 & A_{zz}
\end{pmatrix}
\,,
\label{eq:varop}
\end{equation}
where $A_{zx}=-\Delta_{zx}\cos(\pi x/L)\sin(\pi z/D)$ and $A_{zz}=\Delta_{zz}\sin(\pi x/L)\cos(\pi z/D)$.
At the Stripe-Planar transition we assume that
\begin{align}
\Delta_{yy} &= \Delta_{xx},\quad \Delta_{zx} \ll \Delta_{xx},\; \text{and }\; \Delta_{zz} \ll \Delta_{xx}.
\end{align}
After spatially averaging and dropping terms greater than second order in $\Delta_{zx}$ and $\Delta_{zz}$
the resulting GL functional reduces to,
\begin{align}
F_\mathrm{var} &= 2\alpha \Delta_{xx}^2 + 4\beta_P \Delta_{xx}^4
- \frac{\pi^2 K_{23}\Delta_{zx}\Delta_{zz}}{2 D L} \\
& +\Delta_{zx}^2 \left\lbrace \frac{\alpha}{4} + \beta_P \Delta_{xx}^2
+\pi^2 \left(\frac{K_{123}D^2 + K_1 L^2}{4 D^2 L^2}\right) \right\rbrace \nonumber\\
& +\Delta_{zz}^2 \left\lbrace \frac{\alpha}{4} + \beta_{12} \Delta_{xx}^2
+\pi^2 \left(\frac{K_{1}D^2 + K_{123}L^2}{4 D^2 L^2}\right) \right\rbrace
\nonumber
\,,
\end{align}
where $\beta_{ijk...} = \beta_i+\beta_j+\beta_k+... $,
$K_{ijk...} = K_i+K_j+K_k+...$ and $\beta_P = \beta_{12}+ 1/2 \beta_{345}$ determines
bulk free energy of the Planar phase.
Minimizing $F_\mathrm{var}$ with respect to $\Delta_{xx}^2$ gives,
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{xx}^2 = \frac{|\alpha|}{2 \beta_P} - \frac{\Delta_{zx}^2}{8}
              - \frac{\Delta_{zz}^2\beta_{12}}{8\beta_{P} }
\,.
\end{equation}
The reduced free energy functional then simplifies to
\begin{align}
\label{eq:varlphaeq}
F_\mathrm{var} &= -\frac{\alpha^2}{4 \beta_P}
- \frac{\pi^2 K_{23}\Delta_{zx}\Delta_{zz}}{2 D L} \\
& +\Delta_{zx}^2 \left\lbrace \pi^2 \left(\frac{K_{123}D^2
  + K_1 L^2}{4 D^2 L^2}\right) \right\rbrace \nonumber\\
& +\Delta_{zz}^2 \left\lbrace \alpha \left(\frac{\beta_P-\beta_{12}}{4 \beta_P}\right)
+\pi^2 \left(\frac{K_{1}D^2 + K_{123}L^2}{4 D^2 L^2}\right) \right\rbrace
\,.
\nonumber
\end{align}
The last three terms in Eq. \ref{eq:varlphaeq} determine when nonzero values of
$\Delta_{zx}$ and $\Delta_{zz}$ are favorable and the Stripe-Planar instability occurs.
At the instability
\begin{align}
\label{eq:varalpha}
\alpha(T) &= -\frac{\pi^2 \beta_P}{D^2 L^2 (\beta_P - \beta_{12})}
\left\lbrace -2 D L K_{23} \left(\frac{\Delta_{zx}}{\Delta_{zz}}\right) \right.\\
&+\negthickspace \left.\left(D^2 K_{123} + L^2 K_1 \right) \left(\frac{\Delta_{zx}}{\Delta_{zz}}\right)^2
\negthickspace+\negthickspace (D^2 K_1 + L^2 K_{123})
\right\rbrace \,.
\nonumber
\end{align}
Minimizing $F_\mathrm{var}$ with respect to the ratio $\Delta_{zx}/\Delta_{zz}$ gives
\begin{equation}\label{eq:zxzzrat}
\frac{\Delta_{zx}}{\Delta_{zz}} = \frac{D L K_{23} } {D^2 K_{123} + L^2 K_1}
\,.
\end{equation}
Combining Eq. \ref{eq:zxzzrat} with Eq. \ref{eq:varalpha} yields the Planar-Stripe
instability temperature, $T_{\text{PS}}$, as a function of $D$ and $L$. Optimizing $T_{\text{PS}}$ with
respect to the Stripe phase period yields,
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:l2full}
L = \sqrt{\frac{K_{123}}{|K_{23}-K_1|}}\,D
\,,
\end{equation}
which for weak-coupling values of $K_1$, $K_2$, and $K_3$, reduces to $L = \sqrt{3} D$.

Although the Planar to Stripe transition is interrupted by a first-order transition to the
A phase, the Stripe-Planar instability determines the scale of the half period, $L$, and the
temperature region where the Stripe phase is expected to be stable.
The half-period defines the wavenumber, $Q_0 = \pi / \sqrt{3} D$, of the single-mode instability
at $T_{\text{PS}}$. The wavenumber varies with the film thickness, $D$, and temperature.
Figure \ref{qplot} shows the temperature dependence of $Q$ for two values of the film thickness
starting from the Planar to Stripe instability at $T_{\text{PS}}$, i.e. omitting the A phase.
The stability of the A-phase relative to the Planar phase changes the Stripe instability to a
first-order transition at a lower temperature $T_{\text{AS}}$.
For $D=11\,\xi_0$ the stable region of Stripe phase persists to $T=0$, while for $D=11.5\,\xi_0$
there is a Stripe to B phase transition at a temperature, $T_{\text{SB}} < T_{\text{PS}}$. In
both cases the wavenumber decreases ($L$ increases) as $T$ drops below $T_{\text{PS}}$, with
$Q\rightarrow 0$ ($L\rightarrow \infty$) as $T\rightarrow T_{\text{SB}}$.
Strong coupling corrections to the free energy lead to a modest increase
the period of the Stripe phase away from the Stripe to B transition; however, the transition
temperature, $T_{\text{SB}}$, is sensitive to pressure (strong-coupling) as shown
in the right panel of Fig. \ref{qplot}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{qplot_combined.pdf}
\caption{Temperature and pressure dependence of the wavenumber $Q$ for film thicknesses
$D=11\,\xi_0$, with no Stripe to B transition (left panel), and
$D=11.5\,\xi_0$, with a Stripe to B transition (right panel). The onset of the
Stripe transition is based on the Planar-Stripe instability, i.e. omitting the A phase.
}
\label{qplot}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Stripe Phase Stability}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\linewidth]{td_choi_3d.pdf}
\caption{Pressure-temperature-confinement phase diagram for the film with minimal pairbreaking
         boundaries and experimental strong-coupling corrections.
	 The A phase is stable everywhere not excluded by the Stripe and B phases.}
\label{pd-sc-3d}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The most prominent effect of strong-coupling corrections to the weak-coupling BCS theory in bulk
superfluid $^{3}$He{} is the stability of the A phase above $p_{\mbox{\tiny PCP}}{}=21.22 \,\mbox{bar}{}$.
In sufficiently thin films, the A phase is energetically stable relative to the B phase even in
weak-coupling theory, and is degenerate with the Planar phase \cite{vor03,vor07}
Strong-coupling corrections favor the A phase over the Planar phase, leading to a stable A-phase
in thin films at all pressures. Since the Stripe phase can be understood as a periodic array of
degenerate B phase domains separated by time-reversal invariant domain walls, one expects
strong-coupling to favor the A phase near the Planar-Stripe instability line.
Indeed the A phase suppresses the Planar to Stripe instability temperature. However,
the Stripe phase is found to be stable over a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

Figure \ref{pd-sc-3d} shows the phase diagram for minimal pairbreaking (specular) surfaces at
pressures from $0$ to $12\,\mbox{bar}{}$, with the Stripe phase onsetting at temperatures above
$0.5 T_c$. The accuracy of the strong-coupling GL theory is expected
to diminish at very low temperatures; therefore we show results for low and intermediate pressures
for which the A- to Stripe transition onsets above $0.5 T_c$.
Note that at $T=0$ the strong-coupling GL corrections vanish, and the phase boundaries are determined
by weak-coupling theory at $T=0$ and thus pressure independent. This is an artefact of the
temperature scaling of the strong-coupling GL parameters. It is known that there are
residual strong-coupling corrections at the few percent level in the limit $T=0$ \cite{ser83}.

A striking difference between the two sets of strong-coupling $\beta$ parameters shown in Figs.
\ref{choi_bulk_diagram} and \ref{ss_bulk_diagram} is evident at low pressures. The $\Delta\betasc{i}$
from Choi et al. \cite{cho04} are non-monotonic between $p=0$ and $p=12$ bar, which leads to maximal
stability of the Stripe phase at $p \approx 3\,\mbox{bar}{}$. In contrast the theoretically calculated
strong-coupling corrections are monotonic functions of pressure and predict maximal stability
of the Stripe phase at $p=0 \,\mbox{bar}{}$ and decreasing stability with increasing pressure.

\subsection{Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagram}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{700full.pdf}
\caption{Pressure-temperature phase diagram for a film of thickness $D = 700 \,\mbox{nm}{}$ with minimal
         pairbreaking (specular) boundary conditions.
	 The A phase is stable everywhere in the white region below the bulk transition temperature.
	 The larger yellow circles are data for the A-B transition based on NMR from Levitin et al
         obtained with $^4$He preplating \cite{lev13}.}
\label{700nm-pd}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Although a number of experiments have been reported on superfluid $^{3}$He{} in planar geometries, of particular
interest are those involving slabs of thickness $D \approx 700 \,\mbox{nm}{}$ and $D \approx 1080 \,\mbox{nm}{}$, which
are in the range of confinement where the Stripe phase is expected to be stable.
Levitin et al. \cite{lev13} (RHUL group) used transverse NMR frequency shifts to determine transition
temperatures in these cells. They did not find NMR evidence of the Stripe phase. These experiments were
done both with and without preplating the surfaces of the slab with $^4$He, the presence of which greatly
increases the specularity of the surface. Without the $^4$He present, the RHUL group reported large
suppression of the onset of the superfluid transition - a suppression larger than that predicted
theoretically for maximally pairbreaking retro-reflective surface scattering. The explanation or origin of
this anomalous suppression is currently lacking. Thus, we focus on the measurements done with $^4$He
preplating, which exhibit minimal $T_c$ suppression, and may be modeled theoretically with minimal
pairbreaking boundary conditions (specular scattering).

Calculations of the phase diagram for $D = 700 \,\mbox{nm}{}$ are shown in Fig. \ref{700nm-pd}. The A phase
onsets at the bulk $T_c$. There is an A to Stripe transition followed by the Stripe to B transition.
For both sets of  strong-coupling $\beta$ parameters, the Stripe phase is predicted to be stable
at low pressures and at experimentally accessible temperatures. Although the stability of the A phase is
maximal with specular boundary conditions, the calculated A-B or A-S phase transition occurs at significantly
higher temperature than that reported by the RHUL group. The discrepancy is sufficiently large that
it is well outside uncertainties in the magnitude of the strong-coupling parameters based bulk A- and
B phase free energies. Based on our calculations accessing the Stripe phase
would be optimal for pressures between $p=1$ and $p=1.5$ bar.

For the thicker slab geometry, $D = 1080 \,\mbox{nm}{}$, shown in Figure \ref{1080nm-pd}, the Stripe phase is
predicted to have a negligible region of stability in the pressure-temperature plane based on the
$\beta$ parameters from  Choi et al. \cite{cho04}, and only a small window of stability at the lowest
pressures based on the theoretically calculated strong-coupling parameters.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1.0\linewidth]{1080composite.pdf}
\caption{Pressure-temperature phase diagram for a film of thickness $D = 1080 \,\mbox{nm}{}$ with minimal
         pairbreaking boundaries. The A phase is stable everywhere not excluded by the Stripe and
         B phases.}
\label{1080nm-pd}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Effects of Surface Conditions on the Phase Diagram}

We use the variable boundary conditions in Eqs. \ref{eq:boundary} to investigate the sensitivity
of the Stripe phase to surface disorder.
Figure \ref{boundary-comp} shows the temperature-confinement phase diagram at $p = 3\,\mbox{bar}{}$ for
maximal ($b_T^\prime=0$), diffuse ($b_T^\prime=0.54$), and minimal ($b_T^\prime=\infty$) pairbreaking
boundary conditions.
Maximal stability of the Stripe phase occurs for minimal pairbreaking, i.e. specular surfaces, as
shown by the blue region of stable Stripe phase.
Note that for diffuse scattering the region of Stripe phase stability does not differ significantly
from that for specular boundary scattering.
Conversely, for maximal pairbreaking the Stripe phase exists only in the vicinity of $T=0$.

\section{NMR Signatures of the Stripe Phase}

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of the $^{3}$He\ order parameter
is based on resonance frequency shifts originating from the Cooper pair contribution
to the nuclear magnetic dipole energy, $\Delta\Omega_D = \int_V d^3r\,f_D[A]$, which
evaluated to leading order in $A$ is
\begin{align}
f_{D} = g_D \left( |Tr{A}|^2 + Tr{AA^*} \right)
\,,
\label{eq-dipole_energy}
\end{align}
where $g_{D}=\nicefrac{\chi}{2\gamma^2}\Omega_A^2/\Delta_A^2$ is the nuclear dipole coupling,
$\gamma$ is the $^{3}$He\ nuclear gyromagnetic ratio, $\chi$ is the nuclear magnetic susceptibility
of normal $^{3}$He, and $\Omega_A$ is the A phase longitudinal NMR resonance frequency. The
dipole energy, of order $g_{D}\Delta_A^2$, lifts the degeneracy of
relative rotations of the spin- and orbital state of the Cooper pairs.

NMR spectroscopy is based on the NMR frequency shift, $\Delta\omega = \omega-\omega_L$,
resulting from the dipolar torque acting on the total nuclear magnetization. The shift
depends in general on the orientation of the NMR field, ${\bf H}$, the initial tipping angle,
$\beta$, generated by the r.f. pulse, and particularly the spin- and orbital structure of
the order parameter. We use the reduction of Leggett's theory of NMR in $^{3}$He\
proposed by Fomin \cite{fom78}, valid for intermediate magnetic fields,
$\Omega_A \ll \omega_L \ll \Delta$, where $\omega_L=\gamma H$ is the Larmor frequency \cite{fom78}.
The key approximation is the first inequality which provides a separation of ``fast'' and ``slow''
timescales for the spin dynamics. The second inequality allows us to neglect the deformation
of the order parameter by the Zeeman field.
Similarly, for inhomogeneous states we use the separation of length scales for spatial variations
of the Stripe phase, of order $L\sim D\approx 1\,\mu\mbox{m}$, both small compared to the dipole
coherence length, $\xi_D\equiv \sqrt{g_D/K_1}\approx 20\,\mu\mbox{m}$.
The spin degrees of freedom of the order parameter cannot vary on length scales shorter
than the dipole coherence length $\xi_D$. Thus, for $L\ll\xi_D$ the nuclear spin dynamics
is determined by the spatially averaged dipole energy. An exception to this spatial averaging
occurs near the Stripe-B transition where the period of the Stripe phase diverges. In this
limit the dipolar energy varies on sufficiently long spatial scales that the spin dynamics is
determined by a spatially varying dipolar potential.
Combined with Fomin's formulation, the separation in scales for spatial variations of the
orbital and spin components of the order parameter allows us to
calculate the nonlinear NMR frequency shifts for the inhomogeneous phases of the thin film
as described in Ref. \cite{wim15}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{basepoints_clear.pdf}
\caption{Temperature-confinement phase diagram for films at $p = 3 \,\mbox{bar}{}$ with the Choi et al.
         strong-coupling corrections. Results for three boundary conditions are shown: minimal
         pairbreaking, $b_T^\prime \to \infty$ (solid); diffuse, $b_T^\prime = 0.54$ (dashed); and
         maximal pairbreaking, $b_T^\prime = 0$ (dotted). For diffuse and maximal pairbreaking, the
         suppression of the A to Normal phase transitions are also shown.}
\label{boundary-comp}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Translationally invariant Planar-distorted B phase}

For non-equal-spin pairing (non-ESP) states, e.g. the polar distorted B phase or the Stripe phase, the
nuclear magnetic susceptibility, $\chi$, is suppressed relative to that of normal $^{3}$He, $\chi_N$.
For all non-ESP phases, including the Stripe phase, the susceptibility can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
\chi_B = \frac{\chi_N}{1+2\,g_z /\chi_N {(\langle \Delta_{zx}^2 \rangle
       + \langle \Delta_{zz}^2 \rangle)}}
\,.
\label{eq:chi_b}
\end{equation}

For a non-ESP superfluid phase of a $^{3}$He\ film with the magnetic field $\vec{H}||{\bf z}$,
for both the B and Stripe phases, there are two possible dipole orientations corresponding to
different local minima in the dipole energy \cite{bun93}. The first orientation is
a minimum of the dipole energy and has positive frequency shift, which following Levitin et al.
we denote as the $\mathrm{B}^+$ state in the case of the translationally invariant
B phase. The frequency shift for the $\mathrm{B}^+$ state is obtained as
\begin{widetext}
\begin{align}
&\omega\Delta\omega^{+} = \frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}
\times
\begin{cases}
\frac{\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle^2-\left\langle A_{xx}A_{zz} \right\rangle^2}{\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle} + 2\left( \frac{\left\langle A_{xx}A_{zz} \right\rangle^2}{\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle} - \left\langle A_{zz}^2 \right\rangle \right)\cos\beta\,,
& \cos\beta \geq \cos\beta^*\,, \\
-\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle-\left\langle A_{xx}A_{zz} \right\rangle - 2\left\langle\vphantom{\frac{1}{2}} (A_{xx}+A_{zz})^2 \right\rangle\cos\beta\,,
& \cos\beta < \cos\beta^* \,,
\end{cases}
\end{align}
\end{widetext}
where $\left\langle ... \right\rangle=(1/V)\int_V\,d^3R\ldots$ denotes spatial averaging, and
\begin{equation}
\cos\beta^* = \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\left\langle A_{xx}A_{zz} \right\rangle-2\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle}{\left\langle A_{xx}A_{zz} \right\rangle+\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle}\right)
\end{equation}
is the critical angle.

Axial symmetry of the Planar-distored B phase implies $\left\langle A_{yy}^2 \right\rangle = \left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle$; thus, only $\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle$, $\left\langle A_{zz}^2 \right\rangle$,
and $\left\langle A_{xx}A_{zz} \right\rangle$ are non-zero. This NMR resonance is analogous to the Brinkman-Smith mode in
bulk $^{3}$He{}-B, but with a positive frequency shift at small tipping angle and a shifted critical
angle.

The translationally invariant, but meta-stable, $\mathrm{B}_-$ state, corresponds to a
minimum of the dipole energy, and has a frequency shift given by
\begin{align}
\omega\Delta\omega^{-} &= \frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}
\left\lbrace\vphantom{\frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}{}} -\left(\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle + 2\left\langle A_{zz}^2 \right\rangle\right)\cos\beta\right\rbrace
\,.
\end{align}
This mode has a negative frequency shift at small tipping angles and, unlike the $\mathrm{B}_+$ state,
has no critical angle, and therefore no deviation from cosine tipping angle dependence.
The tipping angle dependences of both Planar-distorted B phase states are shown in
Fig. \ref{nmr} plotted as a function of $\cos\beta$.
The positive (negative) shift at small tipping angle is the signature of the of the $\mathrm{B}^{+}$
($\mathrm{B}^{-}$) state in the NMR spectra of the RHUL group \cite{lev13}. These identifications
are confirmed by nonlinear NMR measurements \cite{lev13b} showing both the pure cosine tipping angle
dependence of $\omega\Delta\omega$ for the $\mathrm{B}^{-}$ state, and the ``kink'' in the shift at
the critical angle $\beta^*$ for the $\mathrm{B}^{+}$ state. Note that for $D=12\xi_0$ at $p=3$ bar
there is a small slope to the positive shift for $\cos\beta>\cos\beta*$.

\subsection{Nonlinear NMR shifts for the $\mathrm{S}^{\pm}$ Stripe phases}

\begin{figure}[t]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{stripe-nmr-z-2.pdf}
\caption{Transverse NMR frequency shifts as a function of tipping angle $\beta$ at
	$D=12\xi_0$, $p=3\,\mbox{bar}{}$, and $T=0.5\,T_c$, with minimal pairbreaking
        for the $\mathrm{B}^{\pm}$ and $\mathrm{S}^{\pm}$ states.}
\label{nmr}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The breaking of both translational and rotational symmetry in the plane of the film by the
Stripe phase leads to a qualitatively different transverse NMR frequency shift for the
Stripe phase with relative spin-orbit rotation corresponding to a
minimum of the dipole energy, i.e. the $\mathrm{S}^+$ state,
\begin{widetext}
\begin{align}
\omega\Delta\omega^{+} =
\frac{1}{2}\frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}
\left\lbrace\vphantom{\frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}{}} \left\langle (A_{yy}+A_{xx})^2 \right\rangle \right.
-\left. \vphantom{\frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}{}}\left\lbrack \left\langle (A_{yy}-A_{xx})^2 \right\rangle + 8\left\langle A_{zz}^2 \right\rangle
-4
  \left(\left\langle A_{xz}^2 \right\rangle + \left\langle A_{zx}^2 \right\rangle\right)\right\rbrack\cos\beta  \right\rbrace
\,.
\end{align}
\end{widetext}
The $\mathrm{S}^{+}$ phase is distinguished with respect to both the bulk B phase and the
Planar-distorted $\mathrm{B}^+$ phase by the absence of a critical tipping angle. This results
from spatial averaging over the period of the Stripe phase which contains equal volumes of
$A_{zz} > 0$ and $A_{zz}<0$ giving $\langle A_{xx} A_{zz} \rangle = \langle A_{yy} A_{zz} \rangle = 0$.

By contrast the frequency shift of the metastable $\mathrm{S}^{-}$ phase does not differ
substantially from that of the $\mathrm{B}^{-}$ phase,
\begin{widetext}
\begin{align}
\omega\Delta\omega^{-}
= \frac{1}{2}\frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}
\left\lbrace\vphantom{\frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}{}} \left\langle (A_{yy}-A_{xx})^2 \right\rangle(1+\cos\beta) \right.
-\left. \vphantom{\frac{\gamma^{2}}{\chi_{B}}g_{D}{}}\left\lbrack 2\left\langle A_{xx}^2 \right\rangle + 2\left\langle A_{yy}^2 \right\rangle +8\left\langle A_{zz}^2 \right\rangle - 4\left(\left\langle A_{xz}^2 \right\rangle
+ \left\langle A_{zx}^2 \right\rangle\right)\right\rbrack\cos\beta\right\rbrace
\,.
\end{align}
\end{widetext}
Note that the constant term in the shift for the $\mathrm{S}^{-}$ state proportional to the
average $\left\langle (A_{yy}-A_{xx})^2 \right\rangle$ is absent for the $\mathrm{B}^-$ state; however, this constant shift is
negligibly small. Figure \ref{nmr} shows the comparison between the translationally invariant
$\mathrm{B}^{\pm}$ NMR shifts and those for the corresponding stable and metastable
$\mathrm{S}^{\pm}$ Stripe phases.
The primary NMR signature of the Stripe phase is the positive shift with an offset, a finite slope
and the absence of critical angle. This signature clearly differentiates the $\mathrm{S}^{+}$
phase from the $\mathrm{B}^{\pm}$ states and the A phase.

\section{Summary and Outlook}
By formulating a GL theory that incorporates pressure and temperature dependent strong-coupling
corrections, combined with temperature dependent rescaling of the confinement length, $D$,
we have greatly expanded the region of applicability of GL theory for calculations of the
properties of confined superfluid $^{3}$He{}.
Strong-coupling corrections expand the region of stability of
the A phase and decrease the region of stability of the Stripe phase; however, the Stripe phase
remains stable in a large region of pressure, temperature, and confinement.
The stability of the Stripe phase is insensitive to diffuse surface scattering;
the phase diagram for specular and fully diffusive scattering
predict the Stripe phase to occur in nearly equivalent regions of the phase diagram.
Nonlinear NMR measurements are probably the best means of detecting the Stripe phase. The
NMR signatures - positive shift with no critical angle  - differentiates the $\mathrm{S}^{+}$
phase from the $\mathrm{B}^{\pm}$ and A phases.

\begin{acknowledgements}
The research of JJW and JAS was supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants DMR-1106315 and DMR-1508730).
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Aperture, front and keel view for macroconch of Eleganticeras elegantulum (YOUNG & BIRD, 1822). At 10.5 cm this is close to the average size for macroconches.
The ribbing is relatively strong on this specimen, it came from a large Cannonball nodule at Hawsker Bottoms.
I've recently leafed through the 1981 english edition of Ulrich Lehmann's book "Ammoniten – Ihr Leben und ihre Umwelt" ("The ammonites – Their life and their world").
Lehmann describes in the foreword how the book came to be in the making of an ammonite exhibition in the Hamburg "Geological-Palaeontological Institute" at which he was a Professor for Palaeontology.
Reading the foreword brought back long forgotten memories of this exhibition – Hamburg is the town where I was born, and I remember a visit to the exhibition and how in awe I was seeing nodules not unlike the Cannonball nodules off the Yorkshire coast (which I did not know then) with dense accumulations of Eleganticeras, but differing in their shell being preserved in a pearly white instead of black. The original german version of the book is from 1976, so I must have been between 10 – 13 when visiting the exhibition, and it was the first time I got into contact with ammonites – and they´ve kept me fascinated ever since !
Lehmann had been studying Eleganticeras from glacial drift exposures close to Hamburg at Ahrensburg that contained upper toarcian limestone nodules.
The origin of these nodules is assumed to be the somewhere west of the south swedish coast. Lehmann is widely credited as being the first to describe the sexual dimorphism of Eleganticeras, i.e. the recognition of female (macroconch) and male (microconch) shells within the context of the same species.
Howarth very nicely statistically reproduced this for the Yorkshire population of Eleganticeras in his 1992 Palaeontographical Society publication of "The Ammonite Family Hildoceratidae in the Lower Jurassic of Britain", taking into account at total of 392 (227 macroconchs and 165 microconchs) specimen from 6 localities on the Yorkshire coast.
A size comparison between a 140 mm macroconch and a 30 mm microconch (positioned for this photograph on the body chamber of the macroconch) of Eleganticeras elegantulum.
It is an essentially unprovable but very likely extrapolation from some living cephalopods that the Microconch (male) is very often significantly smaller than the Macroconch(female) of the species. This argument is also underpinned by the discovery of a likely egg sac in the body chamber of a macroconch Eleganticeras.
The adult male microconch can be recognized by the constriction at the mouth border and is with max. about 30 mm very much smaller than the female macroconch with max. about 150 mm .
As mentioned above, the best preserved Yorkshire 3D Eleganticeras specimen occur in the so-called "Cannonball" nodules of the Jet Rock, falciferum zone, exaratum subzone, beds 33 and 34 of the upper toarcian. "Cannonball" is a very fitting name for these nodules, since they're often very round nodules and they're also very hard – their outer layer consists mostly of pure pyrite and they are tough package to crack – even sometimes sending off sparks when hit with the hammer's steel.
This nodule was found below a pile of shale from a small fresh fall in July 2012 at Hawsker Bottoms. It looks like another collector had already tried to open the nodule, since the top part was missing and showed some sections of larger and smaller Ammonites.
Fast forward 9 months later, I visited Mike again, to pick up some fossils which I had bought from him.
The same nodule masterfully prepared by Mike Marshall containing 16 ammonites between 2 and 10 cm.
No less than 16 microconch and macroconch shells of Eleganticeras are contained in this nodule, ranging from 2 to 10 cm – you can imagine how pleased I was both with my find and the superb work Mike had done on it !
As tough as these nodules are when they are fresh, nothing lasts forever, and especially when the nodules are exposed for a longer time to the forces of breaking saltwater waves and being rubbed against other rocks in the surf, the pyrite skins are prone to decay through pyrite rot – the following picture shows the skin of a nodule almost violently erupting dense bushels of hairy gypsum crystalls and reducing the pyrite to a yellow-white powder in the process.
but with lots of appeal to the collector.


text:
PlanetM gets new test partner in UP
Posted on October 7, 2020 by Matt Roush
LANSING—PlanetM, the state of Michigan's future mobility and electrification clearinghouse, is adding the Great Lakes Research Center at Michigan Technological University as its newest PlanetM testing facility.
The GLRC, on the banks of the Portage Waterway in Houghton, has been testing and deploying connected and autonomous marine vehicles for more than a decade. It is home to the Marine Autonomy Research Site (MARS), the world's first designated freshwater environment for testing autonomous surface and subsurface vehicles, vessels and related technologies.
The site extends in a 30-mile radius from the waterfront campus, encompassing Lake Superior coastline and inland waterways and is open to companies, researchers, government labs, universities and other organizations looking to test the safety and operation of autonomous surface and subsurface vehicles—a unique asset only available in Michigan's Upper Peninsula.
"Michigan Tech and the GLRC are proud to partner with the Office of Future Mobility and Electrification in developing deeper relationships with maritime autonomy industry partners," said Andrew Barnard, GLRC director. "The MARS facility, combined with PlanetM testing grants, will help to grow mobility solutions here in Michigan. With direct access to Michigan Tech's world-class researchers, the Great Lakes Research Center, the Keweenaw Waterway, Lake Superior, and partnerships with the U.S. Coast Guard and State of Michigan, we are uniquely positioned to provide expertise and testing services in the area of marine autonomy to a wide variety of industry partners."
"As the first designated maritime mobility testing facility in the world, our partnership with GLRC further solidifies Michigan as the ideal place to take mobility solutions from ideation to production, whether that be by land, air or sea," said Charlie Tyson, technology activation manager at PlanetM, part of the state Office of Future Mobility and Electrification. "We're excited to showcase all this state has to offer when it comes to diversity of testing environments and how, through partners like GLRC, Michigan remains the global epicenter of future mobility."
Vancouver Island-based mobility startup Shift Environmental Technologies has been awarded the first testing grant through the GLRC's facility to test its autonomous maritime vessel. Shift's vessel provides autonomous transport of materials, cleanup of freshwater or saltwater garbage, assists in search and rescue missions and will perform critical tests in Lake Superior through the GLRC PlanetM testing grant.
"Shift is anticipating this great opportunity to partner with the GLRC at MTU as a leader in testing and developing autonomous vessel technology," said James Spencer, founder and CEO of Shift. "This will be a critical test driven development step for OceanSled to get vital multi-disciplinary input for subsequent design iterations of our proprietary multi-use ASV. We look forward to continuing this partnership with PlanetM and MTU to commercialize a novel, resilient and affordable design."
The Fenton-based startup Strange Development has received a PlanetM testing grant to test its REVolution technology at KRC's Advanced Power Systems Research Center at MTU. Strange is developing highly efficient, emissions-compliant, durable engine systems with high power to weight ratios at a lower manufacturing cost critical to applications sensitive to weight, such as drones, EV range extenders, portable generators, powersports equipment, and maritime vessels.
"Michigan has had a rich history of being a leader and hub for innovative propulsion system technology and we at Strange Development are excited to continue that innovation with the partnership established with both PlanetM and MTU," said John Krzeminski, founder and CEO of Strange Development.
To accelerate innovation, PlanetM's testing grant enables startups and small to mid-size companies to access Michigan's advanced testing facilities at a reduced cost so that their focus remains on enhancing and proving out their solutions, while deepening their ties to the state's robust mobility ecosystem. Testing grant applications are evaluated on a rolling basis. To apply or learn more, visit planetm.com/grants.
"With our proximity to international borders and fresh waterways, it's more important than ever to leverage all that our Great Lakes State has to offer," said Tyson. "These partnerships have enabled opportunities to further strengthen ties between Michigan and Canada which is crucial to the development and deployment of future mobility technologies and policies. We look forward to seeing the exciting innovation brewing in Michigan's Upper Peninsula."
PlanetM Mobility Grants, separated into two categories, testing and pilots, encourage mobility startups and corporations to deploy their technologies in Michigan, or prove out their technology at testing facilities including Mcity at the University of Michigan, American Center for Mobility, GM Mobility Research Center at Kettering Universit, and the Michigan Unmanned Aerial Systems Consortium and Keweenaw Research Center at Michigan Tech. PlanetM partners with NextEnergy to support project management services for each pilot program. The PlanetM Mobility Grant program has awarded more than $2 million in grant funding since its inception in 2018. For more information on the program, visit https://www.planetm.com/grants/.
For more on PlanetM, visit www.PlanetM.com/OFME.
Posted in Autonomous Vehicles, Unmanned Underwater VehiclesTagged Advanced Mobility, Automomous Vehicles, Autonomous Maritime Vehicles, Connected Vehicles, featured, Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, PlanetM, Shift Environmental Technologies, Strange Development, Unmanned Maritime Vehicles


An error was made in the program for Strasbourg, Capital of Christmas. Find the corrected information below.
a first presentation, more for adults, returning to the historical aspect and the evolution of the nativity scene on December 15 and 22 at 4pm.
the second, dedicated to children, in the form of a tale around the nativity scene on December 12 and 19, at 5pm.


Faculty Perceptions on the Benefits of Instructor Evaluation for Improved Online Facilitation.
This research study reviewed the Online Instructor Evaluation System (OIES) used by Park University's Distance Learning program. The system is a peer/administrative means to evaluate adjunct instructors for effective online class facilitation. Online instructors who had been evaluated by the OIES were surveyed on their perspective of how the OIES impacted their online instruction. Both quantitative and qualitative results of the research survey indicated that online adjunct instructors perceived the OIES as a beneficial system to gauge and improve online facilitation.
Examples of the survey instrument and results will be proffered. As time allows, interactivity will include quizzing the audience members on their roles for their institutions, background in evaluation, and experiences with evaluation of online instructors.
Marthann Schulte, PhD is an Associate Professor of Education at Park University, teaching and developing online courses for the graduate program in Adult Education. She is also the Coordinator of Online Faculty Evaluation and leads a team that oversees online instructor training, mentoring and evaluation. This evaluation team, which has created a number of unique, research based online training and evaluation programs, works with more than 500 online adjuncts per academic year. Marthann's doctorate (PhD) is in Education, Curriculum and Instruction, from Kansas State University, where she focused on online learning and distance education modes. Marthann is a military spouse (Army) and works for Park University at a distance from Portsmouth, Virginia.
4 Responses to Faculty Perceptions on the Benefits of Instructor Evaluation for Improved Online Facilitation.
This looks like a great topic! I'm looking forward to the presentation. Best of luck on Wednesday!
Thanks! I'm hoping that attendees find the information valuable. With only 20 minutes, it will be a "wild ride" through the research outcomes!


Towards that small and ghostly hour, [Mr. Cruncher] rose up from his chair, took a key out of his pocket, opened a locked cupboard, and brought forth a sack, a crowbar of convenient size, a rope and chain, and other fishing tackle of that nature.
Towards midnight the rain ceased and the clouds drifted away, so that the sky was scattered once more with the incredible lamps of stars.
Towards the end it got really rough. I take my hat of to Alice, he's still doing it. This is probably more work than going on the road for 2-3 months. I wish I was 25 again!
Toward dawn we shared with youyour hour of desolation, the huge lingering passionof your unearthly out cry, as you swung your blind headtowards us and laboriously openeda bloodshot, glistening eye, in which we swam with terror and recognition.
Toward the end of his life, one can sense that he was no longer thinking his way into the minds of others, causing them to speak on his behalf, but that he was now speaking for himself.
Those who direct the maximum force of their desires towards the center, toward the true being, toward perfection, seem quieter than the passionate souls because the flame of their fervor cannot always be seen. In argument, for example, they will not shout and wave their arms. But I assure you, they are nevertheless burning with subdued fires.
Most of us think of pride as self-centeredness, conceit, boastfulness, arrogance, or haughtiness. All of these are elements of the sin, but the heart, or core, is still missing. The central feature of pride is enmity? enmity towards God and enmity toward our fellowmen.
The finest proof of our loyalty toward one another was our monstrous disloyalties towards everyone else.