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Project acronym 1stProposal
Project An alternative development of analytic number theory and applications
Researcher (PI) ANDREW Granville
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON
Summary The traditional (Riemann) approach to analytic number theory uses the zeros of zeta functions. This requires the associated multiplicative function, say f(n), to have special enough properties that the associated Dirichlet series may be analytically continued. In this proposal we continue to develop an approach which requires less of the multiplicative function, linking the original question with the mean value of f. Such techniques have been around for a long time but have generally been regarded as "ad hoc". In this project we aim to show that one can develop a coherent approach to the whole subject, not only reproving all of the old results, but also many new ones that appear inaccessible to traditional methods. Our first goal is to complete a monograph yielding a reworking of all the classical theory using these new methods and then to push forward in new directions. The most important is to extend these techniques to GL(n) L-functions, which we hope will now be feasible having found the correct framework in which to proceed. Since we rarely know how to analytically continue such L-functions this could be of great benefit to the subject. We are developing the large sieve so that it can be used for individual moduli, and will determine a strong form of that. Also a new method to give asymptotics for mean values, when they are not too small. We wish to incorporate techniques of analytic number theory into our theory, for example recent advances on mean values of Dirichlet polynomials. Also the recent breakthroughs on the sieve suggest strong links that need further exploration. Additive combinatorics yields important results in many areas. There are strong analogies between its results, and those for multiplicative functions, especially in large value spectrum theory, and its applications. We hope to develop these further. Much of this is joint work with K Soundararajan of Stanford University.
The traditional (Riemann) approach to analytic number theory uses the zeros of zeta functions. This requires the associated multiplicative function, say f(n), to have special enough properties that the associated Dirichlet series may be analytically continued. In this proposal we continue to develop an approach which requires less of the multiplicative function, linking the original question with the mean value of f. Such techniques have been around for a long time but have generally been regarded as "ad hoc". In this project we aim to show that one can develop a coherent approach to the whole subject, not only reproving all of the old results, but also many new ones that appear inaccessible to traditional methods. Our first goal is to complete a monograph yielding a reworking of all the classical theory using these new methods and then to push forward in new directions. The most important is to extend these techniques to GL(n) L-functions, which we hope will now be feasible having found the correct framework in which to proceed. Since we rarely know how to analytically continue such L-functions this could be of great benefit to the subject. We are developing the large sieve so that it can be used for individual moduli, and will determine a strong form of that. Also a new method to give asymptotics for mean values, when they are not too small. We wish to incorporate techniques of analytic number theory into our theory, for example recent advances on mean values of Dirichlet polynomials. Also the recent breakthroughs on the sieve suggest strong links that need further exploration. Additive combinatorics yields important results in many areas. There are strong analogies between its results, and those for multiplicative functions, especially in large value spectrum theory, and its applications. We hope to develop these further. Much of this is joint work with K Soundararajan of Stanford University.
Project acronym 2-3-AUT
Project Surfaces, 3-manifolds and automorphism groups
Researcher (PI) Nathalie Wahl
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), PE1, ERC-2009-StG
Summary The scientific goal of the proposal is to answer central questions related to diffeomorphism groups of manifolds of dimension 2 and 3, and to their deformation invariant analogs, the mapping class groups. While the classification of surfaces has been known for more than a century, their automorphism groups have yet to be fully understood. Even less is known about diffeomorphisms of 3-manifolds despite much interest, and the objects here have only been classified recently, by the breakthrough work of Perelman on the Poincar\'e and geometrization conjectures. In dimension 2, I will focus on the relationship between mapping class groups and topological conformal field theories, with applications to Hochschild homology. In dimension 3, I propose to compute the stable homology of classifying spaces of diffeomorphism groups and mapping class groups, as well as study the homotopy type of the space of diffeomorphisms. I propose moreover to establish homological stability theorems in the wider context of automorphism groups and more general families of groups. The project combines breakthrough methods from homotopy theory with methods from differential and geometric topology. The research team will consist of 3 PhD students, and 4 postdocs, which I will lead.
The scientific goal of the proposal is to answer central questions related to diffeomorphism groups of manifolds of dimension 2 and 3, and to their deformation invariant analogs, the mapping class groups. While the classification of surfaces has been known for more than a century, their automorphism groups have yet to be fully understood. Even less is known about diffeomorphisms of 3-manifolds despite much interest, and the objects here have only been classified recently, by the breakthrough work of Perelman on the Poincar\'e and geometrization conjectures. In dimension 2, I will focus on the relationship between mapping class groups and topological conformal field theories, with applications to Hochschild homology. In dimension 3, I propose to compute the stable homology of classifying spaces of diffeomorphism groups and mapping class groups, as well as study the homotopy type of the space of diffeomorphisms. I propose moreover to establish homological stability theorems in the wider context of automorphism groups and more general families of groups. The project combines breakthrough methods from homotopy theory with methods from differential and geometric topology. The research team will consist of 3 PhD students, and 4 postdocs, which I will lead.
Project acronym 3D-JOINT
Project 3D Bioprinting of JOINT Replacements
Researcher (PI) Johannes Jos Malda
Host Institution (HI) Utrecht University Medical Center
Summary The world has a significant medical challenge in repairing injured or diseased joints. Joint degeneration and its related pain is a major socio-economic burden that will increase over the next decade and is currently addressed by implanting a metal prosthesis. For the long term, the ideal solution to joint injury is to successfully regenerate rather than replace the damaged cartilage with synthetic implants. Recent advances in key technologies are now bringing this "holy grail" within reach; regenerative approaches, based on cell therapy, are already clinically available albeit only for smaller focal cartilage defects. One of these key technologies is three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing, which provides a greatly controlled placement and organization of living constructs through the layer-by-layer deposition of materials and cells. These tissue constructs can be applied as tissue models for research and screening. However, the lack of biomechanical properties of these tissue constructs has hampered their application to the regeneration of damaged, degenerated or diseased tissue. Having established a cartilage-focussed research laboratory in the University Medical Center Utrecht, I have addressed this biomechanical limitation of hydrogels through the use of hydrogel composites. Specifically, I have pioneered a 3D bio-printing technology that combines accurately printed small diameter thermoplast filaments with cell invasive hydrogels to form strong fibre-reinforced constructs. This, in combination with bioreactor technology, is the key to the generation of larger, complex tissue constructs with cartilage-like biomechanical resilience. With 3D-JOINT I will use my in-depth bio-printing and bioreactor knowledge and experience to develop a multi-phasic 3D-printed biological replacement of the joint.
The world has a significant medical challenge in repairing injured or diseased joints. Joint degeneration and its related pain is a major socio-economic burden that will increase over the next decade and is currently addressed by implanting a metal prosthesis. For the long term, the ideal solution to joint injury is to successfully regenerate rather than replace the damaged cartilage with synthetic implants. Recent advances in key technologies are now bringing this "holy grail" within reach; regenerative approaches, based on cell therapy, are already clinically available albeit only for smaller focal cartilage defects. One of these key technologies is three-dimensional (3D) bio-printing, which provides a greatly controlled placement and organization of living constructs through the layer-by-layer deposition of materials and cells. These tissue constructs can be applied as tissue models for research and screening. However, the lack of biomechanical properties of these tissue constructs has hampered their application to the regeneration of damaged, degenerated or diseased tissue. Having established a cartilage-focussed research laboratory in the University Medical Center Utrecht, I have addressed this biomechanical limitation of hydrogels through the use of hydrogel composites. Specifically, I have pioneered a 3D bio-printing technology that combines accurately printed small diameter thermoplast filaments with cell invasive hydrogels to form strong fibre-reinforced constructs. This, in combination with bioreactor technology, is the key to the generation of larger, complex tissue constructs with cartilage-like biomechanical resilience. With 3D-JOINT I will use my in-depth bio-printing and bioreactor knowledge and experience to develop a multi-phasic 3D-printed biological replacement of the joint.
Project acronym 3D-OA-HISTO
Project Development of 3D Histopathological Grading of Osteoarthritis
Researcher (PI) Simo Jaakko Saarakkala
Host Institution (HI) OULUN YLIOPISTO
Summary "Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disease occurring worldwide. Despite extensive research, etiology of OA is still poorly understood. Histopathological grading (HPG) of 2D tissue sections is the gold standard reference method for determination of OA stage. However, traditional 2D-HPG is destructive and based only on subjective visual evaluation. These limitations induce bias to clinical in vitro OA diagnostics and basic research that both rely strongly on HPG. Objectives: 1) To establish and validate the very first 3D-HPG of OA based on cutting-edge nano/micro-CT (Computed Tomography) technologies in vitro; 2) To use the established method to clarify the beginning phases of OA; and 3) To validate 3D-HPG of OA for in vivo use. Methods: Several hundreds of human osteochondral samples from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty will be collected. The samples will be imaged in vitro with nano/micro-CT and clinical high-end extremity CT devices using specific contrast-agents to quantify tissue constituents and structure in 3D in large volume. From this information, a novel 3D-HPG is developed with statistical classification algorithms. Finally, the developed novel 3D-HPG of OA will be applied clinically in vivo. Significance: This is the very first study to establish 3D-HPG of OA pathology in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the developed technique hugely improves the understanding of the beginning phases of OA. Ultimately, the study will contribute for improving OA patients' quality of life by slowing the disease progression, and for providing powerful tools to develop new OA therapies."
"Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common musculoskeletal disease occurring worldwide. Despite extensive research, etiology of OA is still poorly understood. Histopathological grading (HPG) of 2D tissue sections is the gold standard reference method for determination of OA stage. However, traditional 2D-HPG is destructive and based only on subjective visual evaluation. These limitations induce bias to clinical in vitro OA diagnostics and basic research that both rely strongly on HPG. Objectives: 1) To establish and validate the very first 3D-HPG of OA based on cutting-edge nano/micro-CT (Computed Tomography) technologies in vitro; 2) To use the established method to clarify the beginning phases of OA; and 3) To validate 3D-HPG of OA for in vivo use. Methods: Several hundreds of human osteochondral samples from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty will be collected. The samples will be imaged in vitro with nano/micro-CT and clinical high-end extremity CT devices using specific contrast-agents to quantify tissue constituents and structure in 3D in large volume. From this information, a novel 3D-HPG is developed with statistical classification algorithms. Finally, the developed novel 3D-HPG of OA will be applied clinically in vivo. Significance: This is the very first study to establish 3D-HPG of OA pathology in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the developed technique hugely improves the understanding of the beginning phases of OA. Ultimately, the study will contribute for improving OA patients' quality of life by slowing the disease progression, and for providing powerful tools to develop new OA therapies."
Project acronym 3DBrainStrom
Project Brain metastases: Deciphering tumor-stroma interactions in three dimensions for the rational design of nanomedicines
Researcher (PI) Ronit Satchi Fainaro
Summary Brain metastases represent a major therapeutic challenge. Despite significant breakthroughs in targeted therapies, survival rates of patients with brain metastases remain poor. Nowadays, discovery, development and evaluation of new therapies are performed on human cancer cells grown in 2D on rigid plastic plates followed by in vivo testing in immunodeficient mice. These experimental settings are lacking and constitute a fundamental hurdle for the translation of preclinical discoveries into clinical practice. We propose to establish 3D-printed models of brain metastases (Aim 1), which include brain extracellular matrix, stroma and serum containing immune cells flowing in functional tumor vessels. Our unique models better capture the clinical physio-mechanical tissue properties, signaling pathways, hemodynamics and drug responsiveness. Using our 3D-printed models, we aim to develop two new fronts for identifying novel clinically-relevant molecular drivers (Aim 2) followed by the development of precision nanomedicines (Aim 3). We will exploit our vast experience in anticancer nanomedicines to design three therapeutic approaches that target various cellular compartments involved in brain metastases: 1) Prevention of brain metastatic colonization using targeted nano-vaccines, which elicit antitumor immune response; 2) Intervention of tumor-brain stroma cells crosstalk when brain micrometastases establish; 3) Regression of macrometastatic disease by selectively targeting tumor cells. These approaches will materialize using our libraries of polymeric nanocarriers that selectively accumulate in tumors. This project will result in a paradigm shift by generating new preclinical cancer models that will bridge the translational gap in cancer therapeutics. The insights and tumor-stroma-targeted nanomedicines developed here will pave the way for prediction of patient outcome, revolutionizing our perception of tumor modelling and consequently the way we prevent and treat cancer.
Brain metastases represent a major therapeutic challenge. Despite significant breakthroughs in targeted therapies, survival rates of patients with brain metastases remain poor. Nowadays, discovery, development and evaluation of new therapies are performed on human cancer cells grown in 2D on rigid plastic plates followed by in vivo testing in immunodeficient mice. These experimental settings are lacking and constitute a fundamental hurdle for the translation of preclinical discoveries into clinical practice. We propose to establish 3D-printed models of brain metastases (Aim 1), which include brain extracellular matrix, stroma and serum containing immune cells flowing in functional tumor vessels. Our unique models better capture the clinical physio-mechanical tissue properties, signaling pathways, hemodynamics and drug responsiveness. Using our 3D-printed models, we aim to develop two new fronts for identifying novel clinically-relevant molecular drivers (Aim 2) followed by the development of precision nanomedicines (Aim 3). We will exploit our vast experience in anticancer nanomedicines to design three therapeutic approaches that target various cellular compartments involved in brain metastases: 1) Prevention of brain metastatic colonization using targeted nano-vaccines, which elicit antitumor immune response; 2) Intervention of tumor-brain stroma cells crosstalk when brain micrometastases establish; 3) Regression of macrometastatic disease by selectively targeting tumor cells. These approaches will materialize using our libraries of polymeric nanocarriers that selectively accumulate in tumors. This project will result in a paradigm shift by generating new preclinical cancer models that will bridge the translational gap in cancer therapeutics. The insights and tumor-stroma-targeted nanomedicines developed here will pave the way for prediction of patient outcome, revolutionizing our perception of tumor modelling and consequently the way we prevent and treat cancer.
Project acronym 3DWATERWAVES
Project Mathematical aspects of three-dimensional water waves with vorticity
Researcher (PI) Erik Torsten Wahlén
Host Institution (HI) LUNDS UNIVERSITET
Summary The goal of this project is to develop a mathematical theory for steady three-dimensional water waves with vorticity. The mathematical model consists of the incompressible Euler equations with a free surface, and vorticity is important for modelling the interaction of surface waves with non-uniform currents. In the two-dimensional case, there has been a lot of progress on water waves with vorticity in the last decade. This progress has mainly been based on the stream function formulation, in which the problem is reformulated as a nonlinear elliptic free boundary problem. An analogue of this formulation is not available in three dimensions, and the theory has therefore so far been restricted to irrotational flow. In this project we seek to go beyond this restriction using two different approaches. In the first approach we will adapt methods which have been used to construct three-dimensional ideal flows with vorticity in domains with a fixed boundary to the free boundary context (for example Beltrami flows). In the second approach we will develop methods which are new even in the case of a fixed boundary, by performing a detailed study of the structure of the equations close to a given shear flow using ideas from infinite-dimensional bifurcation theory. This involves handling infinitely many resonances.
The goal of this project is to develop a mathematical theory for steady three-dimensional water waves with vorticity. The mathematical model consists of the incompressible Euler equations with a free surface, and vorticity is important for modelling the interaction of surface waves with non-uniform currents. In the two-dimensional case, there has been a lot of progress on water waves with vorticity in the last decade. This progress has mainly been based on the stream function formulation, in which the problem is reformulated as a nonlinear elliptic free boundary problem. An analogue of this formulation is not available in three dimensions, and the theory has therefore so far been restricted to irrotational flow. In this project we seek to go beyond this restriction using two different approaches. In the first approach we will adapt methods which have been used to construct three-dimensional ideal flows with vorticity in domains with a fixed boundary to the free boundary context (for example Beltrami flows). In the second approach we will develop methods which are new even in the case of a fixed boundary, by performing a detailed study of the structure of the equations close to a given shear flow using ideas from infinite-dimensional bifurcation theory. This involves handling infinitely many resonances.
Project acronym 3Ps
Project 3Ps Plastic-Antibodies, Plasmonics and Photovoltaic-Cells: on-site screening of cancer biomarkers made possible
Researcher (PI) Maria Goreti Ferreira Sales
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE ENGENHARIA DO PORTO
Summary This project presents a new concept for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer biomarker patterns in point-of-care. The device under development will make use of the selectivity of the plastic antibodies as sensing materials and the interference they will play on the normal operation of a photovoltaic cell. Plastic antibodies will be designed by surface imprinting procedures. Self-assembled monolayer and molecular imprinting techniques will be merged in this process because they allow the self-assembly of nanostructured materials on a "bottom-up" nanofabrication approach. A dye-sensitized solar cell will be used as photovoltaic cell. It includes a liquid interface in the cell circuit, which allows the introduction of the sample (also in liquid phase) without disturbing the normal cell operation. Furthermore, it works well with rather low cost materials and requires mild and easy processing conditions. The cell will be equipped with plasmonic structures to enhance light absorption and cell efficiency. The device under development will be easily operated by any clinician or patient. It will require ambient light and a regular multimeter. Eye detection will be also tried out.
This project presents a new concept for the detection, diagnosis and monitoring of cancer biomarker patterns in point-of-care. The device under development will make use of the selectivity of the plastic antibodies as sensing materials and the interference they will play on the normal operation of a photovoltaic cell. Plastic antibodies will be designed by surface imprinting procedures. Self-assembled monolayer and molecular imprinting techniques will be merged in this process because they allow the self-assembly of nanostructured materials on a "bottom-up" nanofabrication approach. A dye-sensitized solar cell will be used as photovoltaic cell. It includes a liquid interface in the cell circuit, which allows the introduction of the sample (also in liquid phase) without disturbing the normal cell operation. Furthermore, it works well with rather low cost materials and requires mild and easy processing conditions. The cell will be equipped with plasmonic structures to enhance light absorption and cell efficiency. The device under development will be easily operated by any clinician or patient. It will require ambient light and a regular multimeter. Eye detection will be also tried out.
Project acronym 4D-PET
Project Innovative PET scanner for dynamic imaging
Researcher (PI) José María BENLLOCH BAVIERA
Host Institution (HI) AGENCIA ESTATAL CONSEJO SUPERIOR DEINVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS
Summary The main objective of 4D-PET is to develop an innovative whole-body PET scanner based in a new detector concept that stores 3D position and time of every single gamma interaction with unprecedented resolution. The combination of scanner geometrical design and high timing resolution will enable developing a full sequence of all gamma-ray interactions inside the scanner, including Compton interactions, like in a 3D movie. 4D-PET fully exploits Time Of Flight (TOF) information to obtain a better image quality and to increase scanner sensitivity, through the inclusion in the image formation of all Compton events occurring inside the detector, which are always rejected in state-of-the-art PET scanners. The new PET design will radically improve state-of-the-art PET performance features, overcoming limitations of current PET technology and opening up new diagnostic venues and very valuable physiological information
The main objective of 4D-PET is to develop an innovative whole-body PET scanner based in a new detector concept that stores 3D position and time of every single gamma interaction with unprecedented resolution. The combination of scanner geometrical design and high timing resolution will enable developing a full sequence of all gamma-ray interactions inside the scanner, including Compton interactions, like in a 3D movie. 4D-PET fully exploits Time Of Flight (TOF) information to obtain a better image quality and to increase scanner sensitivity, through the inclusion in the image formation of all Compton events occurring inside the detector, which are always rejected in state-of-the-art PET scanners. The new PET design will radically improve state-of-the-art PET performance features, overcoming limitations of current PET technology and opening up new diagnostic venues and very valuable physiological information
Project acronym 5D Heart Patch
Project A Functional, Mature In vivo Human Ventricular Muscle Patch for Cardiomyopathy
Researcher (PI) Kenneth Randall Chien
Host Institution (HI) KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET
Summary Developing new therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration is a major goal for cardiac biology and medicine. While cardiomyocytes can be generated from human pluripotent stem (hPSC) cells in vitro, it has proven difficult to use these cells to generate a large scale, mature human heart ventricular muscle graft on the injured heart in vivo. The central objective of this proposal is to optimize the generation of a large-scale pure, fully functional human ventricular muscle patch in vivo through the self-assembly of purified human ventricular progenitors and the localized expression of defined paracrine factors that drive their expansion, differentiation, vascularization, matrix formation, and maturation. Recently, we have found that purified hPSC-derived ventricular progenitors (HVPs) can self-assemble in vivo on the epicardial surface into a 3D vascularized, and functional ventricular patch with its own extracellular matrix via a cell autonomous pathway. A two-step protocol and FACS purification of HVP receptors can generate billions of pure HVPs- The current proposal will lead to the identification of defined paracrine pathways to enhance the survival, grafting/implantation, expansion, differentiation, matrix formation, vascularization and maturation of the graft in vivo. We will captalize on our unique HVP system and our novel modRNA technology to deliver therapeutic strategies by using the in vivo human ventricular muscle to model in vivo arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and optimize the ability of the graft to compensate for the massive loss of functional muscle during ischemic cardiomyopathy and post-myocardial infarction. The studies will lead to new in vivo chimeric models of human cardiac disease and an experimental paradigm to optimize organ-on-organ cardiac tissue engineers of an in vivo, functional mature ventricular patch for cardiomyopathy
Developing new therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration is a major goal for cardiac biology and medicine. While cardiomyocytes can be generated from human pluripotent stem (hPSC) cells in vitro, it has proven difficult to use these cells to generate a large scale, mature human heart ventricular muscle graft on the injured heart in vivo. The central objective of this proposal is to optimize the generation of a large-scale pure, fully functional human ventricular muscle patch in vivo through the self-assembly of purified human ventricular progenitors and the localized expression of defined paracrine factors that drive their expansion, differentiation, vascularization, matrix formation, and maturation. Recently, we have found that purified hPSC-derived ventricular progenitors (HVPs) can self-assemble in vivo on the epicardial surface into a 3D vascularized, and functional ventricular patch with its own extracellular matrix via a cell autonomous pathway. A two-step protocol and FACS purification of HVP receptors can generate billions of pure HVPs- The current proposal will lead to the identification of defined paracrine pathways to enhance the survival, grafting/implantation, expansion, differentiation, matrix formation, vascularization and maturation of the graft in vivo. We will captalize on our unique HVP system and our novel modRNA technology to deliver therapeutic strategies by using the in vivo human ventricular muscle to model in vivo arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, and optimize the ability of the graft to compensate for the massive loss of functional muscle during ischemic cardiomyopathy and post-myocardial infarction. The studies will lead to new in vivo chimeric models of human cardiac disease and an experimental paradigm to optimize organ-on-organ cardiac tissue engineers of an in vivo, functional mature ventricular patch for cardiomyopathy
Project acronym A-DIET
Project Metabolomics based biomarkers of dietary intake- new tools for nutrition research
Researcher (PI) Lorraine Brennan
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND, DUBLIN
Summary In todays advanced technological world, we can track the exact movement of individuals, analyse their genetic makeup and predict predisposition to certain diseases. However, we are unable to accurately assess an individual's dietary intake. This is without a doubt one of the main stumbling blocks in assessing the link between diet and disease/health. The present proposal (A-DIET) will address this issue with the overarching objective to develop novel strategies for assessment of dietary intake. Using approaches to (1) identify biomarkers of specific foods (2) classify people into dietary patterns (nutritypes) and (3) develop a tool for integration of dietary and biomarker data, A-DIET has the potential to dramatically enhance our ability to accurately assess dietary intake. The ultimate output from A-DIET will be a dietary assessment tool which can be used to obtain an accurate assessment of dietary intake by combining dietary and biomarker data which in turn will allow investigations into relationships between diet, health and disease. New biomarkers of specific foods will be identified and validated using intervention studies and metabolomic analyses. Methods will be developed to classify individuals into dietary patterns based on biomarker/metabolomic profiles thus demonstrating the novel concept of nutritypes. Strategies for integration of dietary and biomarker data will be developed and translated into a tool that will be made available to the wider scientific community. Advances made in A-DIET will enable nutrition epidemiologist's to properly examine the relationship between diet and disease and develop clear public health messages with regard to diet and health. Additionally results from A-DIET will allow researchers to accurately assess people's diet and implement health promotion strategies and enable dieticians in a clinical environment to assess compliance to therapeutic diets such as adherence to a high fibre diet or a gluten free diet.
In todays advanced technological world, we can track the exact movement of individuals, analyse their genetic makeup and predict predisposition to certain diseases. However, we are unable to accurately assess an individual's dietary intake. This is without a doubt one of the main stumbling blocks in assessing the link between diet and disease/health. The present proposal (A-DIET) will address this issue with the overarching objective to develop novel strategies for assessment of dietary intake. Using approaches to (1) identify biomarkers of specific foods (2) classify people into dietary patterns (nutritypes) and (3) develop a tool for integration of dietary and biomarker data, A-DIET has the potential to dramatically enhance our ability to accurately assess dietary intake. The ultimate output from A-DIET will be a dietary assessment tool which can be used to obtain an accurate assessment of dietary intake by combining dietary and biomarker data which in turn will allow investigations into relationships between diet, health and disease. New biomarkers of specific foods will be identified and validated using intervention studies and metabolomic analyses. Methods will be developed to classify individuals into dietary patterns based on biomarker/metabolomic profiles thus demonstrating the novel concept of nutritypes. Strategies for integration of dietary and biomarker data will be developed and translated into a tool that will be made available to the wider scientific community. Advances made in A-DIET will enable nutrition epidemiologist's to properly examine the relationship between diet and disease and develop clear public health messages with regard to diet and health. Additionally results from A-DIET will allow researchers to accurately assess people's diet and implement health promotion strategies and enable dieticians in a clinical environment to assess compliance to therapeutic diets such as adherence to a high fibre diet or a gluten free diet.


Interferometry provides the only practicable way to image meter-scale structure in geosynchronous satellites. This capability represents a unique commercial opportunity for astronomical interferometry, but to date no interferometer has been able to make an image of such a satellite. We discuss the challenges of imaging these objects and present results of sensitivity calculations and imaging simulations which show that the Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer is likely to be well-suited to this application. Our preliminary results suggest that a significant proportion of GEO targets may be accessible and that it may be possible to routinely extract key satellite diagnostics with an imaging capability that would be able to distinguish, for example, 70 cm features on a 5-meter satellite bus and payload, 30 cm features on a 2-meter satellite bus or similarly sized structure, as well as precise quantitative information on much larger structures such as 10 m long solar panels. Optimised observation and data reduction strategies are likely to allow these limits to be improved in due course.


Betty Bradshaw Fullerton, passed away peacefully on Saturday, November 15th 2014 at 6 o'clock in the morning at the age of 86. Born Betty Bradshaw on March 11, 1928 to Sarah Jane & Wilmer Bradshaw in Forest Hills, New York. She graduated Queens College, NYC and taught Elementary Education. She married William K. Fullerton in 1952 and in 1953 moved to Succasunna, New Jersey to start a family.
Betty and William raised 4 children-Douglas, Janet, Donna and Scott, losing Janet to pneumonia at the age of 3. Betty was smart, athletic and a good friend and Mother. She always put her children's education first and supported them in all their after school activities: softball, soccer, basketball, wrestling, swim meet, band practice and Sunday school. The eternal educator, college was never an option, it was a requirement. Betty was always active in her neighborhood, from the rummage sales with the Sunrise Park Sewing Club to the Bridge, Canasta, Mah Jong and Poker she loved to play with dear friends at Fox Hills in Rockaway, her home for twelve years.
Losing William in April of 2006, Betty never gave up or stopped living. Betty's loved ones surrounded her. Betty kept busy by helping her children and enjoying her grandchildren. Betty was a diehard Mets & Giants fan and rarely missed a game. Betty was friend to all she met. She loved going to Harrah's in Atlantic City and enjoying Sunday breakfast at Townsquare Diner every week with her children or friends. Betty finished the NY Times crossword puzzle every Sunday until a week ago.
Her sons and daughter, Douglas & Mayling, Randolph, NJ, Scott & Sandra, Denville NJ and Donna & Mike Stanley, Chapel Hill, NC, survive Betty. Along with 7 grandchildren and 2 great grandchildren, Jennifer Stanley, Ellen Stanley Price, Robin, Kate & William Fullerton, Lynn VanGuilder and Kang-Min Cutes, Ryan & Amanda VanGuilder. Betty was predeceased by William (Bill) her husband of 52 years, her daughter Janet and her sister Jeanne Pohl.
A memorial service will be held at the Davis & Hepplewhite Funeral Home, 96 Main Street, Succasunna 973-584-7264 (davishepplewhitefh.com) on Friday, November 28th, 12 – 2 pm, with her Service at 1 pm. All are welcome to attend and celebrate Betty Fullerton's life.


text:
\section{Introduction}

At low temperature, hydrogen exhibits the nontrivial structural behavior under the pressure ($p$) \cite{Narayana}, \cite{Loubeyre}. Below $110$ GPa the hexagonal-closed-packed lattice with freely rotating molecules is stable (phase I). At higher pressures, up to $150$ GPa, the broken symmetry phase has been observed (phase II). In the pressure range of $150$-$350$ GPa the so called phase III exists. The experimental measurements have proved, that the all listed phases do not demonstrate the metallic properties. In the pressure range from $400$ to $500$ GPa, the theoretical studies predict the existence of the molecular metallic phase (the {\it Cmca} crystal structure) \cite{Johnson}, \cite{Stadele}, \cite{Pickard}. Above $500$ GPa, the molecular metallic phase transforms to the Cs-IV monatomic phase \cite{Johnson}, \cite{Stadele}, \cite{Pickard}, \cite{Natoli}. This phase is stable at least up to $802$ GPa \cite{Yan}. For the extremely high value of the pressure ($2000$ GPa) Maksimov and Savrasov have proposed the simple {\it fcc} structure \cite{Maksimov}.

The molecular and monatomic metallic form of the hydrogen can be the superconductor with the high critical temperature ($T_{C}$) \cite{Ashcroft}.
In particular, the calculated values of the critical temperature have been presented in Tab.\tab{t1}. We notice, that $T_{C}$ usually has been obtained by using the McMillan formula \cite{McMillan}, which represents the weak coupling limit of the more elaborate Eliashberg approach \cite{Eliashberg}. However, in the case of the metallic hydrogen the electron-phonon interaction is strong, hence the McMillan expression is inappropriate.

For this reason, we have calculated the critical temperature with the help of the Eliashberg equations. We have considered the case $p=428$ GPa. Additionally, we have studied precisely the properties of the order parameter and the electron effective mass.

In the paper we have taken into consideration the Eliashberg set in the mixed representation \cite{Marsiglio}. This approach allows one to obtain the stable solutions on the real axis, since the analysis does not involve any principal-part integrals with singular integrands.

\begin{table}
\caption{\label{t1} The critical temperature for the selected values of the pressure; $\mu^{*}$ denotes the Coulomb pseudopotential.}
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
$p$ (GPa)& $T_{C}$ (K)& $\mu^{*}$& Structure & Ref.\\
\hline
347  & 107\footnote{The McMillan formula \cite{McMillan}.}                                    & 0.1          & {\it Cmca} &\cite{Zhang}\\
347  & (120, 90)\footnote{The exact solution of the Eliashberg equations \cite{Eliashberg}.}  & (0.08, 0.15) & {\it Cmca} &\cite{Szczesniak1}\\
388  & 130$^{a}$                                                                              & 0.1          & {\it Cmca} &\cite{Zhang}\\
400  & 130-230$^{a}$                                                                          & 0.1          & {\it sh, dsh, 9R}
\footnote{Probably unstable.} &\cite{Barbee}\\
414  & 84\footnote{The three-band model.}                                                     & -            & {\it Cmca} &\cite{Cudazzo}\\
428  & 162$^{a}$                                                                              & 0.1          & {\it Cmca} &\cite{Zhang}\\
450  & 242$^{d}$                                                                              & -            & {\it Cmca} &\cite{Cudazzo}\\
480  & 284 (266)$^{a}$                                                                        & 0.1 (0.13)   & Cs-IV      &\cite{Yan}\\
539  & 291 (272)$^{a}$                                                                        & 0.1 (0.13)   & Cs-IV      &\cite{Yan}\\
608  & 291 (271)$^{a}$                                                                        & 0.1 (0.13)   & Cs-IV      &\cite{Yan}\\
802  & 282 (260)$^{a}$                                                                        & 0.1 (0.13)   & Cs-IV      &\cite{Yan}\\
2000 & $\sim 600$                                                                             & -            & {\it fcc}  &\cite{Maksimov}\\
2000 & (631, 413)$^{b}$                                                                       & (0.1, 0.5)   & {\it fcc}  &\cite{Szczesniak3}\\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

\section{The Eliashberg equations}

The Eliashberg equations in the mixed representation have been written in the following form \cite{Eliashberg}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{r1}
\phi\left(\omega\right)&=&
\frac{\pi}{\beta}\sum_{m=-M}^{M}\frac{\left[\lambda\left(\omega-i\omega_{m}\right)-\mu^{*}\left(\omega_{m}\right)\right]}
{\sqrt{\omega_m^2Z^{2}_{m}+\phi^{2}_{m}}}\phi_{m}\\ \nonumber
                              &+& i\pi\int_{0}^{+\infty}d\omega^{'}\alpha^{2}F\left(\omega^{'}\right)
                                  [\left[N\left(\omega^{'}\right)+f\left(\omega^{'}-\omega\right)\right]\\ \nonumber
                              &\times&K\left(\omega,-\omega^{'}\right)\phi\left(\omega-\omega^{'}\right)]\\ \nonumber
                              &+& i\pi\int_{0}^{+\infty}d\omega^{'}\alpha^{2}F\left(\omega^{'}\right)
                                  [\left[N\left(\omega^{'}\right)+f\left(\omega^{'}+\omega\right)\right]\\ \nonumber
                              &\times&K\left(\omega,\omega^{'}\right)\phi\left(\omega+\omega^{'}\right)],
\end{eqnarray}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{r2}
Z\left(\omega\right)&=&
                                  1+\frac{i\pi}{\omega\beta}\sum_{m=-M}^{M}
                                  \frac{\lambda\left(\omega-i\omega_{m}\right)\omega_{m}}{\sqrt{\omega_m^2Z^{2}_{m}+\phi^{2}_{m}}}Z_{m}\\ \nonumber
                              &+&\frac{i\pi}{\omega}\int_{0}^{+\infty}d\omega^{'}\alpha^{2}F\left(\omega^{'}\right)
                                  [\left[N\left(\omega^{'}\right)+f\left(\omega^{'}-\omega\right)\right]\\ \nonumber
                              &\times&K\left(\omega,-\omega^{'}\right)\left(\omega-\omega^{'}\right)Z\left(\omega-\omega^{'}\right)]\\ \nonumber
                              &+&\frac{i\pi}{\omega}\int_{0}^{+\infty}d\omega^{'}\alpha^{2}F\left(\omega^{'}\right)
                                  [\left[N\left(\omega^{'}\right)+f\left(\omega^{'}+\omega\right)\right]\\ \nonumber
                              &\times&K\left(\omega,\omega^{'}\right)\left(\omega+\omega^{'}\right)Z\left(\omega+\omega^{'}\right)],
\end{eqnarray}
where:
\begin{equation}
\label{r3}
K\left(\omega,\omega^{'}\right)\equiv
\frac{1}{\sqrt{\left(\omega+\omega^{'}\right)^{2}Z^{2}\left(\omega+\omega^{'}\right)-\phi^{2}\left(\omega+\omega^{'}\right)}}.
\end{equation}

The Eliashberg set, Eqs. (\eq{r1} and \eq{r2}), gives the following solutions on the real axis: the order parameter function $\phi\left(\omega\right)$ and the wave function renormalization factor $Z\left(\omega\right)$. The order parameter is defined by the expression: $\Delta\left(\omega\right)\equiv \phi\left(\omega\right)/Z\left(\omega\right)$. On the other hand, the imaginary axis functions ($\phi_{m}\equiv\phi\left(i\omega_{m}\right)$ and $Z_{m}\equiv Z\left(i\omega_{m}\right)$) should be calculated by using the equations:
\begin{equation}
\label{r4}
\phi_{n}=\frac{\pi}{\beta}\sum_{m=-M}^{M}
\frac{\lambda\left(i\omega_{n}-i\omega_{m}\right)-\mu^{*}\left(\omega_{m}\right)}
{\sqrt{\omega_m^2Z^{2}_{m}+\phi^{2}_{m}}}\phi_{m},
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{r5}
Z_{n}=1+\frac{1}{\omega_{n}}\frac{\pi}{\beta}\sum_{m=-M}^{M}
\frac{\lambda\left(i\omega_{n}-i\omega_{m}\right)}{\sqrt{\omega_m^2Z^{2}_{m}+\phi^{2}_{m}}}
\omega_{m}Z_{m},
\end{equation}
where the Matsubara energy is given by: $\omega_{m}\equiv \left(\pi / \beta\right)\left(2m-1\right)$ and $\beta\equiv\left(k_{B}T\right)^{-1}$; $k_{B}$ is the Boltzmann constant.

The pairing kernel for the electron-phonon interaction has the form:
\begin{equation}
\label{r6}
\lambda\left(z\right)\equiv 2\int_0^{\Omega_{\rm{max}}}d\Omega\frac{\Omega}{\Omega ^2-z^{2}}\alpha^{2}F\left(\Omega\right).
\end{equation}
The Eliashberg function for the molecular hydrogen ($\alpha^{2}F\left(\Omega\right)$) has been calculated by L. Zhang {\it et al.} \cite{Zhang}. The maximum phonon energy ($\Omega_{\rm{max}}$) is equal to $508.1$ meV.

The function $\mu^{*}\left(\omega_{m}\right)\equiv\mu^{*}\theta\left(\omega_{c}-|\omega_{m}|\right)$ describes the Coulomb repulsion between electrons;  $\mu^{*}$ denotes the Coulomb pseudopotential, $\theta$ is the Heaviside unit function and $\omega_{c}$ represents the energy cut-off ($\omega_{c}=3\Omega_{\rm{max}}$). For the molecular hydrogen we assume: $\mu^{*}\in\left<0.08,0.15\right>$.

The symbols $N\left(\omega\right)$ and $f\left(\omega\right)$ denote the Bose and Fermi functions respectively.

The Eliashberg equations have been solved for $1601$ Matsubara frequencies ($M=800$) by using the numerical method presented in the paper \cite{Szczesniak1} and \cite{Szczesniak2}. In the considered case, the functions $\phi\left(\omega\right)$ and $Z\left(\omega\right)$ are stable for $T\geq 11.6$ K.

\section{Results}

\begin{figure}[t]%
\includegraphics*[scale=0.31]{Rys1}
\caption{The critical temperature as a function of the Coulomb pseudopotential.}
\label{f1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]%
\includegraphics*[scale=0.31]{Rys2}
\caption{
The real and imaginary part of the order parameter on the real axis for the selected temperatures. The rescaled Eliashberg function is also plotted.}
\label{f2}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]%
\includegraphics*[scale=0.33]{Rys3}
\caption{(A) The order parameter on the complex plane for the selected values of the temperature. The lines with symbols represent the solutions for $\omega\in\left<0,\Omega_{\rm max}\right>$, whereas the regular lines correspond to the solutions for $\omega\in\left(\Omega_{\rm max}, \omega_{c}\right>$. (B) The temperature dependence of the order parameter. In the both cases we assume $\mu^{*}=0.1$.}
\label{f3}
\end{figure}

In Fig.\fig{f1} we have presented the dependence of the critical temperature on the value of the Coulomb pseudopotential. The exact numerical solutions of the Eliashberg equations have been represented by the black circles. The dotted and dashed lines represent the calculation of the critical temperature by   using the McMillan formula and the more elaborated Allen-Dynes expression \cite{AllenDynes} respectively. It is easy to see, that McMillan formula lowers much $T_{C}$ in the whole range of the Coulomb pseudopotential's values, whereas the Allen-Dynes expression predicts correctly the critical temperature only for very low values of $\mu^{*}$. For this reason we have modified the classical Allen-Dynes expression in order to obtain the analytical formula, which reproduces the Eliashberg results exactly (the solid line in Fig.\fig{f1}). In particular, we have fitted the selected parameters in the Allen-Dynes expression ($\Lambda_{1}$ and $\Lambda_{2}$) with the help of $250$ numerical values of $T_{C}\left(\mu^{*}\right)$. The final result takes the form:
\begin{equation}
\label{r7}
k_{B}T_{C}=f_{1}f_{2}\frac{\omega_{\rm ln}}{1.2}\exp\left[\frac{-1.04\left(1+\lambda\right)}{\lambda-\mu^{*}\left(1+0.62\lambda\right)}\right],
\end{equation}
where:
\begin{equation}
\label{r8}
f_{1}\equiv\left[1+\left(\frac{\lambda}{\Lambda_{1}}\right)^{\frac{3}{2}}\right]^{\frac{1}{3}}, \quad {\rm and} \quad
f_{2}\equiv 1+\frac{\left(\frac{\sqrt{\omega_{2}}}{\omega_{\rm{ln}}}-1\right)\lambda^{2}}{\lambda^{2}+\Lambda^{2}_{2}}.
\end{equation}
Additionally:
\begin{equation}
\label{r9}
\Lambda_{1}\equiv 3.64-12.92\mu^{*}, \quad {\rm and} \quad
\Lambda_{2}\equiv \frac{\sqrt{\omega_{2}}}{\omega_{\rm{ln}}}\left(1.39-59.74\mu^{*}\right).
\end{equation}
The parameters $\lambda$, $\sqrt{\omega_{2}}$ and $\omega_{{\rm ln}}$ are equal to $1.2$, $207.5$ meV and $141.9$ meV, respectively.

In Fig.\fig{f2} we have shown the order parameter on the real axis for the selected temperatures, and $\mu^{*}=0.1$; the Eliashberg function is also plotted. On the basis of the presented results one can state, that both the real and imaginary part of the function $\Delta\left(\omega\right)$ is plainly correlated with the shape of the electron-phonon interaction. This effect is especially clearly visible for the low values of the temperature. The full form of the order parameter on the complex plane has been presented in Fig.\fig{f3} (A). We have stated, that the $\Delta\left(\omega\right)$ values form the distorted spirals which shrink with the growth of the temperature. Basing on Fig.\fig{f3} (A) it is also possible to notice, that the effective electron-electron interaction is attractive (Re$\left[\Delta\left(\omega\right)\right] > 0$) in the range of the frequencies from zero to $\sim 0.9\Omega_{{\rm max}}$.

Taking into consideration the equation: $\Delta\left(T\right)={\rm Re}\left[\Delta\left(\omega=\Delta\left(T\right)\right)\right]$ we have calculated the dependence of the order parameter on the temperature (see Fig.\fig{f3} (B)). Next, the value of the ratio $R_{1}\equiv\frac{2\Delta\left(0\right)}{k_{B}T_{C}}$ can be obtained, where $\Delta\left(0\right)$ denotes the value of the order parameter close to the zero temperature and $\Delta\left(0\right)\simeq\Delta\left(T=11.6 {\rm K}\right)$. In Fig.\fig{f4} we have presented the possible values of $R_{1}$ for $\mu^{*}\in\left<0.08,0.15\right>$. It is easy to see, that in the whole range of the considered values of the Coulomb pseudopotential, the ratio $R_{1}$ differs essentially from the BCS prediction; $\left[R_{1}\right]_{\rm BCS}=3.53$ \cite{BCS}. Additionally, in the inset in Fig.\fig{f4} we have shown the dependence of $\Delta\left(0\right)$ on $\mu^{*}$.

\begin{figure}[t]%
\includegraphics*[scale=0.31]{Rys4}
\caption{The ratio $R_{1}$ as a function of the Coulomb pseudopotential. The inset shows the open form of $\Delta\left(0\right)$.}
\label{f4}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]%
\includegraphics*[scale=0.31]{Rys5}
\caption{The real and imaginary part of the wave function renormalization factor on the real axis for the selected temperatures. The rescaled Eliashberg function is also plotted.}
\label{f5}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]%
\includegraphics*[scale=0.31]{Rys6}
\caption{The wave function renormalization factor on the complex plane ($\mu^{*}=0.1$). The lines with symbols represent the solutions for $\omega\in\left<0,\Omega_{\rm max}\right>$, whereas the regular lines correspond to the solutions for $\omega\in\left(\Omega_{\rm max}, \omega_{c}\right>$. The inset shows the ratio $m^{*}_{e}/m_{e}$ as a function of the temperature.}
\label{f6}
\end{figure}

The second solution of the Eliashberg equations on the real axis has been plotted in Fig.\fig{f5} ($\mu^{*}=0.1$). The obtained results prove, that the function $Z\left(\omega\right)$ also clearly senses the structure of the electron-phonon interaction. The shape of the wave function renormalization factor on the complex plane has been presented in Fig.\fig{f6}. We see, that in contrast to the order parameter, the function $Z\left(\omega\right)$ weakly depends on the temperature.

In the framework of the Eliashberg formalism, on the basis of the wave function renormalization factor, the temperature dependence of the electron effective mass ($m^{*}_{e}$) can be calculated. In particular:  $m^{*}_{e}/m_{e}={\rm Re}\left[Z\left(0\right)\right]$, where the symbol $m_{e}$ denotes the bare electron mass. The values of the ratio $m^{*}_{e}/m_{e}$ have been presented in the Fig's.\fig{f6} inset. According to the presented data, it is easy to spot, that $m^{*}_{e}$ is high in the full range of the considered temperatures and $\left[m^{*}_{e}/m_{e}\right]_{\rm max}=2.2$ for $T=T_{C}$. We notice, that at the critical temperature, the electron effective mass is independent of $\mu^{*}$.

\section{Summary}

We have calculated the selected thermodynamic properties of the superconducting state in the molecular hydrogen ($p=428$ GPa). The numerical analysis has been conducted in the framework of the one-band Eliashberg formalism for the wide range of the Coulomb pseudopotential's values: $\mu^{*}\in\left<0.08,0.15\right>$. We have proved, that the critical temperature is high even for large values of $\mu^{*}$  ($\left[T_{C}\right]_{\rm min}=141$ K). Next, it has been shown, that the superconducting phase is characterized by high value of the dimensionless ratio $R_{1}$, which differs from the BCS result; $R_{1}\in\left<4.71, 3.60\right>$. Finally, we have observed, that the electron-phonon interaction strongly enhances the effective electron mass for the temperatures from zero to $T_{C}$. In particular, the maximum of $m^{*}_{e}$ is equal to $2.2m_{e}$ for $T= T_{C}$.

In the future we will analyze the superconducting state in the molecular hydrogen in the framework of the three-gap Eliashberg model. It will be done in order to discuss the effect of the multi-band anisotropy \cite{Cudazzo}.

\begin{acknowledgments}

The authors wish to thank K. Dzili{\'n}ski for providing excellent working conditions and the financial support; A.P. Durajski and
D. Szcz{\c{e}}{\'s}niak for the productive scientific discussion that improved the quality of the presented work. All numerical calculations were based on the Eliashberg function sent to us by: {\bf L. Zhang}, Y. Niu, Q. Li, T. Cui, Y. Wang, {\bf Y. Ma}, Z. He and G. Zou for whom we are also very thankful.

\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Reviews, Theater
Noises Off at the Guthrie Theater
Nonstop laughing!
by Janet Preus • November 4, 2018 • 0 Comments
Kate Loprest, Nathan Keepers, Remy Auberjonois and Laura Jordan in NOISES OFF. Photo by Dan Norman.
Are you 'bout ready for a good laugh? How about a couple hours of nonstop laughing? That's what the Guthrie Theater delivers with Noises Off, by Michael Frayn, a classic modern farce (and there sure aren't many of those!) If this show doesn't have you laughing to tears, you oughta get a plate of sardines on the way out!
An acting company is running its last rehearsal before opening a bedroom farce, Nothing On, the play within Noises Off. Act I sets up what's supposed to happen in this play. That's as good as telling us that it won't. Actors can't remember stage business or lines, technical elements don't work, backstage contentions bubble up and the director resorts to sarcasm to avoid losing it altogether. This is what you call the setup for a calamitous opening night – and what may be the funniest act in a play ever written, Act II.
How to describe this organized mayhem? Pants around the ankles, a floozy in her underwear, doors that open and shut (or should and don't), and plates of sardines that are never where they should be litter the story. There may be a common misconception that farce is easy to write and perform, because it's … well, silly. Not so. Every single misstep (there are zillions in this play) is carefully timed – from its misplaced costumes and props to a gesture as small as a raised eyebrow. It's all timing.
This makes it great fun to watch the mechanics of if fall apart perfectly-as-planned. Director Meredith McDonough absolutely delivered on this, working in tandem with a technical team that deserved a curtain call. The set revolve going into Act II, which takes us backstage, got its own applause! JuCoby Johnson playing Tim Allgood, the theater's technician, had his moment pulling this bit off, and he was fabulous.
I loved Sally Wingert as Dotty, an actor (Mrs. Clackett in Nothing On) who can't remember her stage business to save her life, but oh so earnestly tries! That she has an affair with the much younger Garry (Johnny Wu) is barely believable in this case, but not because of Wingert's portrayal, per se. Wu is an extraordinarily youthful Garry Lejeune; Wingert might have been allowed a less mousy and grey-haired portrayal. Garry, with his lapses in language and loopy analyses of situations is no match for feisty and down-to-earth Dotty.
Wu is a better match with Kate Loprest, who skewers the role as the shallow pretty girl Brooke Ashton. Brooke is so disconnected to the action that she says her lines no matter what else happens, and in brilliant comic style, we always see it coming. Loprest was smashing.
The Belinda Blair character (Laura Jordan) who appears as Phillip's wife Flavia in Nothing On, does her best to hold the cast together, but Belinda can't quit gossiping about them, either. Jordan's performance is a wonderfully steady influence.
Remy Auberjonois plays dim-witted, lovable Frederick Fellowes (who plays Philip and the Sheikh). Frederick faints at the sight of blood and barely maintains his equilibrium with any sort of violence. Ha! Guess what happens there? Auberjonois is perfectly cast.
The delightful addled (or is he drunk?) Selsdon Mowbra (Raye Birk) plays an aging house burglar, but as an actor, he's become so unreliable that understudies are a fundamental assumption. Yet another hilarious mistake (watch for it). Birk, too, was beautifully matched to the role.
Act III. Somehow this troupe has toured for several weeks, and by this time it's clear that the disasters backstage are inextricable from the disaster unfolding on it. Yes, there is a story, although McDonough seems not so invested in it, or the personal relationships that also spiral out of control. This is the one area that lacked clarity for me. Given the sensibilities of today's audiences, I can understand why Lloyd's duplicitous relationships are played fairly innocently, though. Better to preserve the comedy.
The spurned lover and stage manager, Poppy is given a quirky turn by Kimberly Chatterjee
The director charged with pulling this mess together, Lloyd Dallas, played by Nathan Keepers, has left a few messes of his own to clean up. His attempts to woo back Brooke with bouquets of flowers (successively diminuative), always land in the wrong hands, and the bottle of booze turns up everywhere, except where intended.
Keepers, a master of physical comedy, ultimately got his moment to demonstrate that expertise, and spontaneous cheers and applause erupted. He also served as movement director – no small feat in a show this physically complex.
Ultimately, Nothing On careens to an end, but by now it's only loosely recognizable to the one rehearsed in Act I. Because the playwright has so brilliantly dismantled and reassembled it, we are right there with them, every bit as relieved as the actors to see this endearing troupe make it to its last line, spoken by Selsdon, "When all around is strife and uncertainty, there's nothing like . . . (takes the plate of sardines) . . . " Well, I won't spoil it for you.
Noises Off received several Tony and Drama Desk nominations and awards. It runs through December 16 on the McGuire Proscenium Stage.
Tags: Guthrie Theater Noises Off
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Knitted from merino wool, this jumper is a staple for the season. A slim fit, features include a stepped hem with side slits and a plunge, square-shaped neckline. Down the centrefront, a ribbed detail adds a point of difference to a classic shape.


text:
Crotone is based in Crotone, Calabria, and is occupying the bottom spot in the Serie A table this season after 34 games. They have been mathematically relegated, with Crotone needing 14 points to survive from a possible 12. Crotone has won just 5 times all season and drew a further fewer than 3 and lost a staggering 26. FC Crotone may have been decent in front of goal scoring 42 times, but their defense has been porous to put it nicely, conceding 85 times, double what they have scored.
Schedule for FC Crotone 20/21
Sun, 9 May
Fri, 14 May
Mon, 24 May
Their recent form has been worryingly scary as they have lost 9 and won just 1 in their last 10 games. They may have scored 18 times, but they have conceded 24 endings up with a negative 6-goal difference in the last 10 games alone.
Simeon Tochukwu Nwankwo has been their best player by a mile and then some, scoring 19 times and assisting 1 in 31 appearances this season. Junior Messias has been another key component in this side, scoring 8 and assisting 4 in 34 appearances. Crotone would be in a far worse position if not for their goalkeeper, Alex Cordaz, 38, who has made 110 saves and 11 clearances in 34 appearances.
Which tv channels show Serie A matches?
Premier Sports, Free Sports, Live Score App
DAZN, TLN
Eleven Sports, Play sports
Teleclub
How can I watch Serie A free live streaming?
It's a lot of trouble trying to find a site that streams Serie A matches for free since many of the so-called sites are riddled with ads that make your viewing experience horrible as the best-case scenario, with many other inappropriate and not so good viruses and rats linked to such sites waiting to infiltrate your system and network. The sites are not so easy to find and even if you do, it will cause a lot of trouble before you can watch the match.
Where can I Serie A without signing up for a credit card?
Unfortunately, there aren't any well-known sites where one can watch the match without having to sign up due to the popularity that they've garnered over the years. Along with the broadcasting problems that many viewers have to encounter.
How to stream Serie A matches on Roku and Smart TV?
With the advent of handheld technologies and breakthroughs being discovered every passing year, it won't be much of a surprise that many fans can choose to view football matches on either their mobile or their tablet and other accessories. Roku and Smart TV are now compatible with DAZN. The steaming is only limited to one device, but there is no restriction whatsoever on how much a viewer may stream in a single day. There are other innovative technologies either in development or already out in the market for users to choose from.
Which TV channels show Serie A matches in the USA?
Viewers can tune in to ESPN to watch Serie A compete in Serie A at the kick-off time in their time zone to witness the brilliance of their team and the competitiveness of the league. With the pundits giving an overview up until the kick-off and an overview post-match, there is something for every football fan to look forward to apart from the match itself. CBS – Paramount is set to take over from 2021-2024 for streaming Serie A matches in the USA.
Where to watch Serie A matches in the UK?
The matches are broadcasted in the UK on Premier Sports and FreeSports. Serie A fans in the UK will be up for a treat, as the pundits provide a preview before kick-off and a post-match talk show where they debate and converse about the match they witnessed and passionately express their opinions.
Where can I watch Serie A highlights?
The broadcasting channels offer the review and recap of matches and highlights. YouTube is one of the best places to catch up on the matches by viewing the highlights, although, YouTube doesn't offer live streaming of matches, the highlights are available to view for free as soon as the match has ended.
Serie A soccer live streams
Reddit soccer streams offer free streaming services and are highly sought after to access matches of Serie A. It also offers other leagues and teams for those who wish to watch other clubs and matches. The systematic and technical drawback is, the majority of the streams that are on offer are of HD quality and would require a strong and consistent internet connection for the user to not encounter any trouble while streaming. Though a high-quality stream is highly desirable by fans, it is still not certain if they will accept buffer or lag in their viewing.
Can I watch Serie A matches on mobile or tablets?
It is possible for fans to watch the matches on their phones or tablets. But it will attract a fee depending on where you reside. The fee varies from region to region. In India, viewers require a subscription to the Sony Liv app which comes at a cost of 299 rupees per month. ESPN subscription costs 5.99$ a month.


text:
Cozen's phenomenon: a remindera
S. Dorman, A. Jariwala (Lead / Corresponding author), D. Campbell
A four-year-old child attended Accident and Emergency following a fall from a slide with a displaced and angulated proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture. Treatment included closed manipulation under anaesthesia and an above knee cast for seven weeks. Serial radiographs over the following few months were satisfactory demonstrating good alignment and evidence of healing. However, at four-months review new-onset genu valgum with mechanical axis deviation was noted. No evidence of spontaneous resolution was noted over the following 12 months and hence a corrective hemiepiphysiodesis was performed. At 12-months post-operatively, there was marked clinical and radiographical improvement in alignment. Classically Cozen's phenomenon is described as the late-onset post-traumatic valgus deformity associated with proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in children. We want to reemphasise the early recognition of children at risk of this unique complication. In addition, we wish to highlight the progression of the late-onset valgus and its subsequent management.
Scottish Medical Journal
Cozen's phenomenon
Post-traumatic genu valgus
Tibial metaphyseal fractures
Dive into the research topics of 'Cozen's phenomenon: a remindera'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Tibial Fractures Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Genu Valgum Medicine & Life Sciences 64%
Accidents Medicine & Life Sciences 37%
Knee Medicine & Life Sciences 32%
Anesthesia Medicine & Life Sciences 31%
Emergencies Medicine & Life Sciences 31%
Dorman, S., Jariwala, A., & Campbell, D. (2013). Cozen's phenomenon: a remindera. Scottish Medical Journal, 58(3), e10-e13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0036933013496922
Dorman, S. ; Jariwala, A. ; Campbell, D. / Cozen's phenomenon : a remindera. In: Scottish Medical Journal. 2013 ; Vol. 58, No. 3. pp. e10-e13.
@article{83dc097b6e09449994ca72f26e755ef4,
title = "Cozen's phenomenon: a remindera",
abstract = "A four-year-old child attended Accident and Emergency following a fall from a slide with a displaced and angulated proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture. Treatment included closed manipulation under anaesthesia and an above knee cast for seven weeks. Serial radiographs over the following few months were satisfactory demonstrating good alignment and evidence of healing. However, at four-months review new-onset genu valgum with mechanical axis deviation was noted. No evidence of spontaneous resolution was noted over the following 12 months and hence a corrective hemiepiphysiodesis was performed. At 12-months post-operatively, there was marked clinical and radiographical improvement in alignment. Classically Cozen's phenomenon is described as the late-onset post-traumatic valgus deformity associated with proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in children. We want to reemphasise the early recognition of children at risk of this unique complication. In addition, we wish to highlight the progression of the late-onset valgus and its subsequent management.",
keywords = "Cozen's phenomenon, Post-traumatic genu valgus, Tibial metaphyseal fractures",
author = "S. Dorman and A. Jariwala and D. Campbell",
journal = "Scottish Medical Journal",
publisher = "SAGE Publications",
Dorman, S, Jariwala, A & Campbell, D 2013, 'Cozen's phenomenon: a remindera', Scottish Medical Journal, vol. 58, no. 3, pp. e10-e13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0036933013496922
Cozen's phenomenon : a remindera. / Dorman, S.; Jariwala, A. (Lead / Corresponding author); Campbell, D.
In: Scottish Medical Journal, Vol. 58, No. 3, 01.08.2013, p. e10-e13.
T1 - Cozen's phenomenon
T2 - a remindera
AU - Dorman, S.
AU - Jariwala, A.
AU - Campbell, D.
N2 - A four-year-old child attended Accident and Emergency following a fall from a slide with a displaced and angulated proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture. Treatment included closed manipulation under anaesthesia and an above knee cast for seven weeks. Serial radiographs over the following few months were satisfactory demonstrating good alignment and evidence of healing. However, at four-months review new-onset genu valgum with mechanical axis deviation was noted. No evidence of spontaneous resolution was noted over the following 12 months and hence a corrective hemiepiphysiodesis was performed. At 12-months post-operatively, there was marked clinical and radiographical improvement in alignment. Classically Cozen's phenomenon is described as the late-onset post-traumatic valgus deformity associated with proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in children. We want to reemphasise the early recognition of children at risk of this unique complication. In addition, we wish to highlight the progression of the late-onset valgus and its subsequent management.
AB - A four-year-old child attended Accident and Emergency following a fall from a slide with a displaced and angulated proximal tibial metaphyseal fracture. Treatment included closed manipulation under anaesthesia and an above knee cast for seven weeks. Serial radiographs over the following few months were satisfactory demonstrating good alignment and evidence of healing. However, at four-months review new-onset genu valgum with mechanical axis deviation was noted. No evidence of spontaneous resolution was noted over the following 12 months and hence a corrective hemiepiphysiodesis was performed. At 12-months post-operatively, there was marked clinical and radiographical improvement in alignment. Classically Cozen's phenomenon is described as the late-onset post-traumatic valgus deformity associated with proximal tibial metaphyseal fractures in children. We want to reemphasise the early recognition of children at risk of this unique complication. In addition, we wish to highlight the progression of the late-onset valgus and its subsequent management.
KW - Cozen's phenomenon
KW - Post-traumatic genu valgus
KW - Tibial metaphyseal fractures
JO - Scottish Medical Journal
JF - Scottish Medical Journal
Dorman S, Jariwala A, Campbell D. Cozen's phenomenon: a remindera. Scottish Medical Journal. 2013 Aug 1;58(3):e10-e13. doi: 10.1177/0036933013496922


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May 09 2014 May 9, 2014 May 9, 2014 1Comment by Administrator
ISI agent tailed US consulate officials, say investigators
A Sri Lankan national, Sakir Hussain, the suspected ISI agent arrested in the city on April 29 had been tailing US consulate officials and looking for unoccupied buildings in the vicinity, probably for an attack, investigators said.
Police have included the names of two Pakistan diplomats in Colombo — Siddiqui, counsellor (visa) at the Pakistan High Commission in Colombo, and his associate Boss, alias Shah — in the FIR. They allegedly engaged Hussain to gather information on vital installations in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Police said the 37-year-old Sri Lankan confessed to have been noting down the registration numbers of some US consulate officials and tracking their movements. "He said he had taken pictures of the consulate and e-mailed them to the Pakistan high commission officials in Colombo for which he was paid Rs 20,000 as initial payment. Since the photographs were not of high resolution, he was assigned to shoot again," an officer said. "He was also updating the Pakistan diplomats on some other activities in the city."
Tamil Nadu 'Q' branch sleuths have sought the help of cyber crime officials to open Hussain's email. Hussain said someone had hacked his account and hence he is unable to open the mail box with his password. Investigators said though they don't know the exact content of his mail box, cyber signatures showed that some files he mailed were downloaded into a computer at the Pakistan high commission in Colombo.
Soon after his arrest, Hussain had told his interrogators that he was hired by an official in the Pakistan high commission in Colombo to conduct reconnaissance of US consulate in Chennai and Israel consulate in Bangalore. After collecting details, the ISI was planning to send two men from Maldives to Chennai. He had also been assigned to arrange for their travel documents and hideouts, investigators said.
Police have also found that Hussain was earlier arrested in Trichy in a fake passport case. A magistrate court on Thursday sent Hussain, who was in police custody, to jail. Hussain's counsel Zainul Abideen said that he wasn't aware of Hussain's previous cases. "Only after I meet him can I confirm or deny the charges," he said. Assistant public prosecutor S Dhiraviaraj said magistrate S Siva Subramanian has remanded the suspect in judicial custody till May 13. – TOI
1 Response to ISI agent tailed US consulate officials, say investigators
Amarakoon says:
OMG, BBS concerns are not just 'pus-weddilak. This is more than we can chew.
Home » ISI agent tailed US consulate officials, say investigators


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I haven't really done this before, but I remembered to pull out my camera a few times this week, so I thought I'd do a little week in review post.
Monday we took a walk with our new stroller. This is a gift from many of the women at church. I'm very excited about it. I haven't really experimented with some of the different things it does, but it was certainly nice for our walk. And bonus, it was pretty easy to put together. It even matches our infant seat.
Once in a while, I'll put down a vinyl tablecloth and we'll have a picnic lunch or snack in the living room. This obviously isn't with the tablecloth; it is just a banana snack (they all gobble bananas up!), but here are three blond-haired, blue eyed cuties.
Wednesday and Thursday I subbed up at a couple of the schools. We didn't have all morning to spend getting the right shot, but I thought Abe looked like such a little ball star with his hoops outfit, bball bag and after the pic he was carrying around his bball too.
And during a shopping trip to Goodwill earlier this week Abe got a new (to him) basketball and an I Spy book. We've been having fun sitting down looking at the pictures picking out different things he knows. Today, after looking at the book we made our own little "I Spy" type activity. Zach and Charlie used to have these cool search and find shaker things, so we attempted to make our own. I searched the house for small little things last night and we also made a trip to the Dollar Tree this morning. Once we had all the items assembled, I laid them out on the sheet and took the picture of all the items to find. We made four that are basically the same, so that Abe and his friends can look and play against each other even. (I am hoping they will last for years to come, too). I also plan to do a little checklist on the back side and then laminate them and tie them on with a ribbon, but since we've got quite a while before they are readers, that got bumped down on my priority list. After we had it recorded what was going to go in each bottle Abe had a fun time dropping the toys in and then filling them with rice. As you can tell, my pan underneath didn't quite fulfill its whole purpose of collecting the spilled rice, but luckily it was pretty easy to clean up. Also, after we switched to the little shovel rather than my stainless steel measuring spoon, Abe had more control over where the rice went. Now, we'll hot glue them and then put some tape around the outside and hopefully beat boredom with these fun little search bottles.


How does INat choose specific Flickr photos for "about" a place tab?
I created a new place, and I'm curious why the particular photos are showing for it in the "About ________" tab. They are obviously Flickr photos, and several, frankly, not that great. Most importantly, they don't provide a very accurate "visual" of most of the landscapes/nature you'll find in my place.


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Le flochetage est une technique de peinture consistant à l'application de la couleur par petites touches hachurées et non par grand aplats lisses.

L'invention de la technique par Delacroix
Le terme de flochetage est employé pour la première fois pour désigner une technique de peinture inventée par Eugène Delacroix pour des œuvres de la fin de sa vie. Elle consiste en l'application de plusieurs couches de couleur contrastée dans le but de créer des effets de matière. Cette technique lui serait venue de sa façon de dessiner. Le flochetage permet ainsi au peintre de manier un matériau, comme le sculpteur manie l'argile ou la pierre. Techniquement, le peintre juxtapose des petites couches de tons purs généralement sous la forme de hachures, afin d'obtenir des demi-teintes.

L'ami de Delacroix, Frédéric Villot, et l'un de ses premiers critiques, la présente ainsi :

La reprise de la technique par ses successeurs
Cette technique est reprise en abondance par les néo-impressionnistes au point d'avoir été théorisée par Georges Seurat et Paul Signac sous le terme de divisionnisme.

Le flochetage dans la peinture ancienne
Si le terme ne remonte qu'au , la technique a été décelée chez certains peintres anciens. C'est le cas dans certaines œuvres du corpus attribué à Barthélemy d'Eyck, chez qui on retrouve cette même technique afin de rendre des carnations ou des textures.

Annexes

Lien externe
 Notice du Larousse.

Lien interne
 Divisionnisme

Références

Technique picturale

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Applebee's has a new vodka cocktail, Dollar Jolly, for $1 and Chili's new $5 'Red Nose Rita' margarita is "reindeer approved."
Applebee's is putting the jolly in the holidays with its new Neighborhood Drink of the Month.
The December drink, the Dollar Jolly, lives up to its name in a few ways. The vodka-based cocktail is $1, comes in two festive colors and is made with a choice of cherry or green apple Jolly Rancher mix.
As an added bonus, a Jolly Rancher hard candy is served on the side.
Price, participation and availability of the Neighborhood Drink of the Month can vary by location, Applebee's says.
Chili's says its new $5 Margarita of the Month is "Reindeer Approved."
The December drink, available at participating locations, is called the "Red Nose Rita" and Chili's describes it as a "festively delicious mix of Sauza Blue, Cointreau, Monin blackberry syrup and strawberry puree for a very berry premium 'Rita."
It also includes a blinking red ice cube.


A list of possible launch markets for Nokia's upcoming Android devices just surfaced online. The list is mostly based on official support websites launched by HMD Global in recent weeks, as sources believe that the new websites are a good indication of markets on which Nokia is initially planning to focus in the coming months. The list includes the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain, Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, India, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, and South Africa. Note that these aren't necessarily the only countries in which Nokia will launch at least one device over the course of this year, but it's likely that the company will make them a priority over other markets.
Devices that are expected to be released by Nokia in the coming months include the Nokia 3, Nokia 5, and the Nokia 6 that already debuted in China, as well as a revised version of the Nokia 3310. All of the aforementioned devices are expected to be unveiled by Nokia at the upcoming Mobile World Congress (MWC). It's possible that the company will also use the Barcelona-based trade show as an opportunity to reveal more details about the premium Nokia 8, a device that's been the subject of many rumors circulating the industry in recent months. Out of the countries listed above, the UK, Germany, Russia, and Taiwan will almost certainly get at least some upcoming Nokia devices in the near future seeing how those countries have either already certified a number of Nokia-branded phones or their local retailers have confirmed that they'll soon start selling the devices.
The absence of the United States from the aforementioned list is unfortunate, but not completely surprising seeing how recent reports suggest that Nokia is planning to gradually introduce new devices over the course of this year and will initially be focused on entry-level and mid-range offerings. Seeing how the U.S. is the largest market for premium smartphones in the world, it's possible that the Finnish phone maker isn't in a hurry to return to that market before it's ready to launch a flagship device. In any case, more details on Nokia's future plans are bound to follow tomorrow once the company holds its MWC 2017 conference.


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Medigus Appointment Industry Veteran Eitan Machover to Board of Directors and Audit Committee; Machover's appointment fills vacancy and fulfills Nasdaq's Audit Committee Listing Requirement
OMER, Israel, September 29, 2016 — Medigus Ltd. (NASDAQ: MDGS) (TASE: MDGS), a medical device company developing minimally invasive endosurgical tools and a leader in direct visualization technology, today announced the appointment of Mr. Eitan Machover to the company's Board of Directors, effective September 29, 2016. An established operational leader, Mr. Machover also joins Medigus' audit committee, which consists of three independent directors, thereby complying with Nasdaq's audit committee requirement as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5605.
"We are pleased to welcome Mr. Machover to our leadership team, and believe that Medigus will benefit from his vast experience working with innovative medical companies in the U.S. and Israel," said Chris Rowland, CEO of Medigus.
Mr. Machover has more than 30 years of leadership experience in healthcare, having held various business development and M&A positions at GE Capital in the U.S., Europe and Asia. He headed business development activities at GE Healthcare in Europe, where he oversaw large-scale acquisitions. In addition, he led integrations into GE's Israeli operations and was later named the National Executive for General Electric Israel, overseeing all of GE's activities in the country.
Since then, Mr. Machover co-established MediTech Advisors, where he managed two U.S. based medical device venture funds, and also served as CEO of Wellsense, Inc. a U.S. medical device company. Currently, he is the principal and owner of EM Advisory Service, Ltd. an Israel-based executive search firm.
"I am thrilled to become a part of this exciting company, which has high potential for growth in several key markets around the world," said Mr. Machover. "I look forward to working with the executive team to establish the MUSE system as a standard of care for minimally-invasive treatments for GERD."
Mr. Machover holds a BS in Business Communications from Emerson College and an MBA from Boston College.
IR@medigus.com


In a letter to India's labour minister, National Aviators Guild, which represents the majority of Jet's pilots, has asked that the airline immediately pay their outstanding salaries and allowances till date with interest.
"This situation is leading to extreme tension and frustration amongst our members, hardly an ideal situation for pilots in cockpit," captain Karan Chopra, president of the union, said in the letter dated March 6, seen by Reuters.
Jet has delayed payments to its pilots, suppliers and lessors for months and defaulted on loans after racking up over $1 billion in debt. The airline is in talks with the country's main state-backed banks for a rescue deal and emergency funds.
The pilots in August were given a staggered schedule of payments for salaries but Jet has not kept up, the union said, adding the airline still owes the pilots most of the salary for December, and all of January and February.


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The Guardian: Sexy beats: How Normal People's 'intimacy coordinator' works
(Sian Cain)
Once on set, "Daisy, Paul and I would talk through where they could touch each other, where they could kiss each other – as an example, in the early scenes Daisy had to wear a wig, so she had a rule about Paul not running fingers through her hair," O'Brien explains. "While that might sound banal, it is really important because an actor doesn't want to have to worry about that while filming sex, they want to be relaxed."
Then, when everyone is ready, time for a quick hug as an icebreaker – and filming can begin.
In interviews, Edgar-Jones and Mescal have raved about O'Brien. "She's the go-to," Mescal told the Observer, while Edgar-Jones called her "brilliant … it was her job to worry about how it would work and we just turned up, did the choreography and carried on". But director Lenny Abrahamson has cheerfully admitted that he was anxious about working with O'Brien, "because I thought the most subtle and important moments would be between me and the actors."
"But working with Ita, it was a lovely creative conversation and there was always a way in which they could say no. They were encouraged to talk about whether they felt OK or not. "It was never, 'Will you do that?'" he told the Observer.
O'Brien laughs: "I didn't know that Lenny was sceptical when we first met. But he knew very quickly that I wasn't there to get between him and Daisy or Paul. I'm there to provide some professional structure that hasn't been there before."
Not all of her experiences are as happy as Normal People. She recalls one director shouting at his actors: "Give her a good rogering, harder, harder, harder!" ("I had to say, 'Can we maybe pause and talk about penetration and the rhythm of intercourse?'" she said). And while demand for her skills is higher, O'Brien feels that she is often viewed as a tick box by producers and directors who want to be seen as observing best practice in the wake of #MeToo, but don't want to provide it.
"This year, more than ever, I've worked for producers who don't actually want me there, who say to me, 'Come in, get our nudity waivers ready and then stand back and do nothing'," she says. She describes one set, where an actor asked for help while performing her first ever oral sex scene. "The director refused her a rehearsal and I stepped in and the director said, 'Well, you're directing now.' It's absolutely awful and the poor actors are then working in this terrible atmosphere. I'm still encountering this and it feels like I'm on the frontline of a war."
Rooney herself has likened sex scenes to just another form of dialogue; for O'Brien, the sex in Normal People "isn't just there to show us sex – those scenes chart the delicacy, the beauty, the openness of this incredible, something-other relationship. It was crucial for me to honour Sally's writing. There is nothing gratuitous. But there is also a lot of sex."


An exciting opportunity is available to join one of the hottest AAA studios in the United Kingdom, to show your expert grasp and knowledge for all the different challenges user interface has to offer.
You would be joining the team at an exciting time as, they are currently underway on the development of their latest and unannounced AAA project.
As a Lead UI Engineer, you will help steer the direction of all UI related content and technology to achieve the highest of standers in AAA gaming.


text:
Career Development /
Affinity Groups /
Group on Regional Medical Campuses /
What is a Regional Medical Campus?
Affinity Group
Regional Medical Campuses (RMCs) are unique, but not uncommon, settings used by medical schools to fulfil their missions. According to AAMC data, over thirty percent of medical schools in the United States (and higher in Canada) have at least one RMC. They vary greatly in structure, location, mission, and educational experiences.
The Liaison Committee on Medical Education defines an RMC as "an instructional site that is distinct from the central/administrative campus of the medical school and at which some students spend one or more complete curricular years."
It is important to understand that RMCs do not receive independent accreditation from the LCME or the Committee on Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools but are included in the accreditation process for the home institution.
To build on the LCME definition, and to better understand RMCs, a classification system, or taxonomy of RMCs, described in the Academic Medicine article, "Regional Medical Campuses: A New Classification System," is frequently referenced.
The classification system describes the following four models of RMCs:
Basic science model
This model permits three variations: basic science year 1 only; basic science year 2 only; and basic science year 1 and 2 in entirety.
Clinical model
To be designated under this model, an RMC may provide year 3 in full (100% of required third-year rotations occur at the regional campus); year 3 and 4 in full (100% of required third-year rotations and fourth-year rotations/curriculum occur at the regional campus); year 3 in part (greater than 50% of required third-year rotations occur at the regional campus, where clerkships must be offered in their entirety and be managed directly by the regional campus).
Longitudinal/distributed model
The determinant for this model is basic science and/or clinical experiences spanning a period greater than 12 weeks in one or more courses of study or core areas. There must be continuous assignment of learners to the site over repeated cycles and administrative mechanisms to coordinate the academic experience, student affairs, and faculty oversight.
Combined model
Several variations are possible under the combined model, where basic science and clinical years are offered in some combination—for example, years 1, 2, and 3 in whole or in part; years 2, 3, and 4; or years 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Cheifetz CE, McOwen KS, Gagne P, Wong JL. Regional medical campuses: A new classification system. Acad Med. 2014; 89:1140-1143.
More in Professional Development
Council of Faculty & Academic Societies
CFAS Resources
Council of Faculty and Academic Societies (CFAS) members have a wide range of services, tools, and news digests available to them through the AAMC.
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GIA Distinguished Service Award
The GIA Distinguished Service Award recognizes GIA members for their significant and longstanding contributions to the group, the AAMC, and their profession.
What's New in CFAS
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Council of Deans
COD Fellowship Committee
The purpose of the Council of Deans Fellowship Committee is to select the incoming cohort for the yearlong COD Fellowship Program.


Made was a project connecting emerging designer and artists to learn both hard and soft skills in cultural production. Below is a recap of the project by participant Samantha Bite.
The project kick-off began the beginning of June with a number of full day workshops to allow the six young artists and designers to get to know one another. The first full day meeting was an introduction and each artist presented past work, influences and future goals to one another. Other workshops included a skills based workshop involving 'Little Bits' which are easy-to use electronic building blocks the can allow the artists to brings sound, movement and various other dimensions into an art project. The 6 artists were separated into two teams of three to design a shadow puppet and secondly a design of choice using little bits. For the project of choice each group choose wildly different paths. The first created a 'machine to make bubbles' which used a motor, led light, red plastic cup, paper place and bubble soap. The plastic cup would lower into the bubble soap, return up and wind would blow through a hole to create a bubble that was illuminated by light. The second project took the form of a performance sound piece. Each member created a sound piece and costume and they then performed.
SPSI from Art Engine on Vimeo.
Shadow Monster from Art Engine on Vimeo.
Breathing Machine from Art Engine on Vimeo.
After the Little Bits workshops the project switched from skills based and into collaboration and design of the submission for the Maker Faire. The structure of the design process included each artist bringing forward a number of ideas (usually 3 -5) ranging from an interactive wall, objects that unmake themselves, a face painting machine and a soundscape. The group selected 6 ideas to develop further individually. Each member brought forwards sketches, both digital and hand drawn, models and text to support their ideas. An informal presentation and discussion on both the deliverables and feasibility took place. This provided the artists with feedback on how to further strengthen their presentation and pitch of an artistic idea.
A more formal meeting then took place with professors form University of Ottawa and Carleton as well as artist in the community. Each student presented the same idea with a few changes from the previous presentation. Although somewhat of a critique this meeting also provided an interesting discussion and dialogue between the young artist and those present. Discussion topics included what it means to make, do we make for the audience or ourselves, how we must think of the setting in which the art with be displayed, etc.
In the end the soundtrack idea was chosen. This idea uses the base of a slot car track and car to create noise. Each car has an associated noise and when moving about the track makes the noise. Depending on the speed the noise can change. Rather than it being a simple race the 'drivers' can work with each other to make a sound track. Each member felt as though the project would fit well into the atmosphere of MakerFaire and add an element of fun while still being a critical art piece.
Research into slot car racing, track size and numerous variables took place individually and in groups. Once a design was drawn up using AutoCad and modelled in Rhino 3D software the group was able to decide on materials and colours. A 1:1 draft of the track was created in cardboard first before the final track was cut with wood. The track was made using wood in which groves for the slot cars were created with a cnc router. The group then came together to paint the track white and the individual slots 4 separate colours.
This entry was posted on Monday, December 14th, 2015 at 2:52 pm	and is filed under Ryan Stec, Artistic Director. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


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The Nikon Z TC 1.4x and TC 2.0x are the first tele-converters for the Z-series mirrorless system. Introduced with the Z 70-200mm f2.8 pro zoom, they extend the reach of compatible lenses without the cost or bulk of buying a new model. Find out how they both perform on the Z 70-200mm in our in-depth review!…
Nikon Z 70-200mm f2.8 VR S review
The Nikon Z 70-200mm f2.8 VR S is a pro telephoto zoom designed for Nikon's full-frame Z-series mirrorless cameras. Alongside the earlier Z 24-70mm f2.8 and newer Z 14-24mm f2.8, it completes the holy trinity for the Z system, providing 14-200mm at f2.8. Find out whether it meets or surpasses its already excellent predecessor in our in-depth review!…
Nikon Z 20mm f1.8 S review
The Nikon Z 20mm f1.8 S is an ultra wide-angle prime lens for Nikon's Z-series mirrorless cameras. It's the widest native prime lens for the Z system to date but up-against a variety of alternatives including native zooms or adapted DSLR lenses. In our full review, we've tested it against a selection of models to help you choose the best ultra-wide lens for your Nikon Z camera!…
Nikon Z 58mm f0.95 Noct review
The Nikon Z 58mm f0.95 S Noct is a prime lens for Nikon's full-frame Z-series mirrorless cameras with standard coverage coupled with anything but a standard aperture. It features a unique f0.95 focal ratio gathering almost 4 times more light than f1.8 lenses, earning the "Noct" title. Find out why Thomas describes it as an extraordinary lens in his full review!…
The Nikon Z 85mm f1.8 S is a short telephoto lens designed for Nikon's full-frame Z mirrorless system. It becomes the first native prime lens in the system aimed at portrait photographers who desire classic head-and-shoulders compositions with shallow depth-of-field effects. Thomas compares it to rivals in his in-depth review!…
Nikon Z 14-30mm f4 S review
The Nikon Z 14-30mm f4 S is a compact ultra-wide angle zoom designed for Nikon's full-frame Z-series mirrorless cameras. This fourth native lens in the Z system is ideal for landscape and architecture, and is the first full-frame ultra-wide zoom to take relatively compact and affordable 82mm filters. Find out if it's right for you in my complete review!…
The Nikon Z 24-70mm f2.8 S is a general-purpose pro zoom designed for Nikon's full-frame Z-series mirrorless cameras. The first zoom in the Z series with an f2.8 focal ratio, it also features a dedicated focusing ring, custom button and OLED display. Find out if it's worth paying the premium over the f4 model in our in-depth review!…
Nikon Z 35mm f1.8S review
The Nikon Z 35mm f1.8 S is the first wide-angle prime lens for Nikon's mirrorless Z-system. A popular focal length for street photography and general-use, it features an f1.8 focal ratio and fast and quiet focusing. Thomas compared it to several rivals for his in-depth review!…