Did you know the first day of summer was yesterday?
and link up your favorite Summer recipes, crafts, projects or activities!
Have you brushed up on your cooking skills with ChiWei at her Party in My Tummy series, or whipped up some fun summery salads and meals, like Kirsten's Asian Shrimp Noodle Salad? Maybe you've been crafting away, creating beautiful holiday wreaths like Kim at A Night Owl or spongy waterbombs for your kids thanks to Aimee at It's Overflowing. Or maybe you have a whole list of things you've done or want to do this summer, and have put together a Summer Bucket List like Trish and Bonnie at Uncommon.
Whatever it is, we want you to share it!
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Please no giveaways, stores, link parties or Pinterest boards.
Stick around, mingle, check out and comment on some other projects!
Spread the word! It's a party, so the more the merrier!
Did we mention? There's also a GIVEAWAY!
We are also giving away a fun Fourth of July/Summer-y gift basket full of fun and useful goodies, like a $25 gift card to Lowe's and $25 to spend at Target!
Up to 2 of your project link-ups can be used as automatic entries for the giveaway, so don't leave the party without submitting your entries!
What a fun giveaway! I definitely entered!
ha ha ha!!! Is 21th a new way of saying the 21st? Are you all making fun of my lisp?? Love it!
I love it!!! Wanted to let you know I linked to you for your summer bucket list. I made my own and added it to my summer activities list.
Thanks so much for hosting!! Hope you had fun at Haven!


In this American Gods Season 1 Recap Episode, Rog & Gene review each of the main characters' story arcs while predicting where their narratives may take them in Season 2. The shatty duo also unlocks the Confessional Booth one last time to answer the most negative listener feedback from iTunes & YouTube. Finally, they wrap up the show with their announcement as to whether or not Shat on TV will be reviewing American Gods in 2018.


Remember when you were young you always imagined yourself as various women. You were the doctor who took care of all the sick patients despite their ailments, you cured everything. You were a perfect musician, the whole package, you sang and danced and even had that diva attitude and style to go with it. You were a pharmacist, made all different kinds of healing and life prolonging concoctions, though sometimes it was just sugar and grass, it worked. You took care of a family and raised your teddies well, they became outstanding educated citizens and Barbie became a supermodel. What a proud mom you were.
You imagined becoming so many women, a mother, a wife, a business woman, a law enforcer, a protector, a healer and so much more. During the course of your life you became all the women knowingly and unknowingly. You took care of children, babysitting, helping with homework and so much more. You became a sister and a mother to so many children, by blood and by community. You became a singer, you sang some to sleep and to others you taught songs. You became the nurse to the sick. You have been the doctor who administered medication on time in the right amount. You became a healer to the souls of those who needed you. You started businesses that succeeded to a certain extent and those that died too soon. You have been able to give hope to others and also to yourself. You have been a psychologist, a listener, an advisor, a friend, a mother, a lover and so much more. You have become so many women that it's impossible to keep count.
In all the women you have been, the most important one is the one you've become. Some of the women you've been are not permanent, some will always be part of you and some will occasionally surface when needed. What all these women have done for you is great, they have taught you amazing lessons, they have given you beautiful memories and most importantly they have shaped you into the woman you are today. All these women are characteristics of the one great woman you have become.
You are all the women you always imagined you could become. Be proud and stand tall. Work towards enhancing the woman you are for the better.


"Yes, I can hear you, Dan Kano," I answered.
"I am not trying to refute what you have said about the ubiquitous security upheavals in the country particularly in the northern states of Zamfara, Benue, Kaduna State and the north east where there are calamitous security challenges, the total number of 149,669 Nigerians graduate receiving their N30000 monthly stipends through Npower scheme or the recent N9 billion Hadejia Irrigation Valley Scheme (HVIS) rehabilitation project the president launched in Auyo Local Government Area of Jigawa State. Look, I say a big thanks for that. The credit goes to him. Of course, I have read of how more than 5,870 illegal arms and ammunitions have been destroyed by security agents this month in Zamfara State and many arrests made in Benue State, Taraba State and Birnin Gwari. I am in the know of Aminu Tashaku's arrest.
"I have a question – just a question. This question is rooted in the belief that President Buhari has come into power purposely to fix the serious damage done to this country. I have invested all my hope – so also my kins – in this government from the very moment the president flagged off his campaign to date. I don't have to tell you of the swarms of supporters I joined on Zangeru Road, Kano, to welcome Muhammadu Buhari's campaign team to the state. So was with almost all the northern States. You can ask why. It is because the people have so much entrusted in him, knowing how in his short-lived administration he had fought indiscipline and corruption with the last ounce of his power that led to the overthrow of his government and earned him imprisonment. This is a clear sign of corruption fighting back. War between the forces of evil and that of good is as old as the world itself. Excuse me for a moment.
"Two years later malam, we are still waiting for the clouds to gather – clouds that will even the score of our investment in this government for it has rained in other regions, with the South West witnessing the highest number of downpours in the form of infrastructural projects, followed by the South East.
"Remember South West has got its recompense from its investment in bringing APC into power in 2015. Just take even a cursory glance at Lagos-Ota-Abeokuta N56.701 billion road project, the ongoing Oyo-Ogbomoso dual carriageway, and Lagos-Ibadan standard gauge rail. These projects once completed, no doubt, will transform south west political zone into a gigantic economic hub in recent future. This is perhaps because they have clear-cut agendas for their region, someone told me after listening to my unending complaints. Should this be the reason I should have written one for the north.
"Hold on. Albeit all this, on 6th December, 2017 – still waiting for the rain – I arrived at the two-carriage, mighty Hadejia Road, Kano, at 8:30am. I met a sea of heads there patiently waiting for the president's arrival. To me, to them too, no amount of campaign of calumny will eclipse the president's star in my heart and theirs too. As his motorcade poked its nose, people made hedges of themselves. Some were pushing through the hedges and the security agents were restraining them. The gathering was on a mission. The people wanted to say something – an idea. They could not let go of the urge. In unison they said, "Sai Baba", raising their fists. Why? Because they so much believe he can do it – some have been nourishing this strong belief in him since 1985.
One year later – still waiting for the rain – the federal government is investing N16.6 billion out of N100 billion Sukuk proceeds in road rehabilitation in the south east. Perhaps you have not heard of Port Harcourt-Aba Road, Abriba-Arockuwu-Ohafia Road, Orji-Achi-Obeagu-Mbaku-Awgu-Ndeabor-Mpu-Okpanku Road, the Ikot Ekpene Border-Aba-Owerri Road or Second Niger Bridge projects. I hate that debate of their being anti-Buharists or that they had voted against him. I do not care whether they have cast their votes for him or not. As long as they are Nigerians they deserve much more than this; and remember his saying, "I belong to everybody, and I belong to nobody". He is right as a true leader should feel duty-bound to serve everyone. All I care is I canvassed 1,903,999 votes for him in Kano, 885,988 in Jigawa State, 1,345,441 in Katsina State and 1,127,760 in Kaduna for instance. I think I deserve something in return.
"With all that Jane B. Singer would call "agenda-setting mischief of both the mainstream and online media", the ongoing slandering against the president aimed at giving his government a bad name in order to hang it, and mistrust of our security forces created by media-hype, I have seen how my kiths and kins in Jigawa State – on May 7, 2018 – came out in droves, during the president's two-day working visit to the state, to welcome him and pay their allegiance. They were all smiling. They would not be cowed.
"Thousands of them left their businesses, farms whatnot, to entrust him once more with the resources and the future of this country. I could see ants of supporters – young and old, men and women – drawing nearer. They were mumbling something by the movements of their lips. You could see their upper and lower lips coming together and parting. As they came nearer in accord they uttered resonantly, "Sai Baba". Why? Because they too believe he can do it.
"Back to my question; as Professor Abdussalam Umar Jibia would say 'it is true the love Buhari enjoys amongst his people is still there'.. They have that unwavering loyalty for him. All I need – everyone too – is some explanation on why things are not going the way I expect them to be. Why other geo-political zones are benefitting much more than I do despite the incomparable number of votes I cast for him? For God's sake when will the hour hand of the clock of national resources distribution point at the North? Answer me," Dan Kano asked this impossible question at last.
"It is a pity, Dan Kano. I have listened to your clamouring; it is far better to be blunt than mealy-mouthed. No amount of words will aptly placate your saddened heart, but my fear is rash actions. Had you listened to the president's speech during his working visit to Jigawa State you would have taken the same stand as I. After repositioning the economy, I envisage an entirely new system. I picture a secured and poverty-free north, network of roads dotting its expansive landscape, sustaining agricultural activities at their peak, the flag of jobs creation waving and educational opportunities flowing like water," I replied.


text:
Home Latest News D-Link Joins SDVoE Alliance
D-Link Joins SDVoE Alliance
The SDVoE Alliance has announced that D-Link Systems, Inc., a leading global supplier of network solutions for home and business, has joined the alliance as an adopting member.
"We're very excited about our new partnership with the SDVoE Alliance. As the pro AV space evolves we look to be a true partner with everyone in this market, giving as much as and more than we get," said Matthew Vaillancourt, Sr. Director of Business Sales at D-Link.
"For us, it's not about leading in market share as it is about leading together in innovation!"
"We welcome D-Link to the SDVoE ecosystem and look forward to tapping into their networking and switching expertise to provide solutions AV professionals can depend on as we transform the matrix," said Justin Kennington, President of the SDVoE Alliance.
"D-Link's participation and support will expand the knowledge base that guides AV designers and users to take full advantage of the flexibility and scalability of Ethernet to deliver 4K video without compromise."
All AV distribution and processing applications that demand zero-latency and uncompromised video can benefit from SDVoE technology.
It provides an end-to-end hardware and software platform for AV extension, switching, processing and control through advanced chipset technology, common control APIs and interoperability.
SDVoE network architectures are based on off-the-shelf Ethernet switches, thus offering substantial cost savings and greater system flexibility and scalability over traditional approaches, such as point-to-point extension and circuit-based AV matrix switching.
us.dlink.com
SDVoE Alliance
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SDVoE Alliance Celebrates 2019 Members' Choice Awards
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SDVoE Design Partner Training and Certification Program Updated

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text: Q: How to tunnel whole device through a vpn from react native app? I have been researching a way to create a VPN connection to tunnel whole device using react native but unfortunately there isn't any way to do that. There are Native Services to achieve that like VPNService in android and NetworkExtension in iOS but I've been unable to find a way or a library to do that in React Native. Is there any way to achieve that in react native or may be a method to expose device's VPN settings to manually set the configuration?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Nike M2K Tekno W White & Pure Platinum | END.
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Each group has an independent boiler for optimum temperature control - settable between 80-115°C. For example, the user can set one group to 89°C and another to 92°C, while maintaining the standard boiler for water and steam.
Electronic hot water valve with programmable dispensing time – mixed hot water – temperature of water can be changed.
Service timer to program number of shots before service is required. When specified amount is reached a warning message will display on the LCD.
Water filter to program the amount of water used before filter needs replacing and a warning message will display on the LCD.


text:
Skip to content | Access key help
Department of Computer Science and Technology
Security Seminar Series
1997 seminars
9 December 16:15Attacks on pay-tv access control systems / Markus Kuhn, University of Cambridge
Room TP4, Computer Laboratory
Subscription financed pay-TV channels such as BSkyB scramble their broadcast signal and provide their subscribers with special decoders to prevent unauthorized free access. Modern smartcard-based pay-TV access control systems like VideoCrypt are the first large scale consumer application of both cryptography and tamper resistant processors. Their security aspects have been scrutinized in the past five years by both professional pirate decoder manufacturers and amateur hackers. Professional pirates have developed reverse engineering skills previously only assumed to be available to major governments or corporations, while undergraduate students have found surprisingly simple and cheap ways to evade cryptographic protection schemes. There are valuable lessons to be learned for the design of future large-scale cryptographic applications.
2 December 16:15Fair and blind certification of knowledge / Wenbo Mao, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories
We propose a new notion of fair and blind certification of knowledge. Blindly certified knowledge has a verifiable structure which can only be constructed by its exclusive owner with the help of a certification authority (CA). Verification of knowledge possession will include a simple check on the structure to convince a verifier of proper certification of the knowledge in addition to its exclusive belonging to the owner (prover). Unlike a blind signature, in blind knowledge certification no visible signature of the CA is available to the verifier and thus different sessions in which the same knowledge is used can easily be made unlinkable. As a result, a single blindly certified knowledge can be re-used polynomially many times without linking to the anonymous user. To prevent anonymity misuse with impunity, we also add fairness to the unlinkable anonymity by escrowing the knowledge to an off-line third party.
25 November 16:15A secure inter-hospital image reporting tool / Ed Somer, United Medical and Dental Schools
A system has been developed that allows the rapid, secure and private transmission of Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) image data with associated patient files between a number of hospital sites facilitating clinical collaboration and accelerated education of Nuclear Medicine physicians.
Participating departments maintain an mSQL database populated with DICOM objects generated from Interfile or proprietary data. The database contains patient and study information and references to image data which may, or may not, be in DICOM format. An internet navigator is used to query the database and Multipurpose Mail Extension (MIME) typing enables the navigator to download a specific image, and launch a viewer appropriate to the data format and viewing platform. The clinicians can then report the images and submit a text report via either fax or over the internet. The protocols are independent of the network infrastructure linking the hospital sites and data transfer has been secured through the Secure Socket Layer (SSL). ATM networking has made the establishment of a dial-up telemedicine virtual LAN practical offering enhanced security.
Nuclear Medicine and PET departments on three hospital sites are currently involved in this project and the scaleable nature of this solution makes further expansion practical.
18 November 16:15The discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves / Nigel Smart, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories
In recent years the use of elliptic curves in cryptography has become something of a "hot topic". This is because the discrete logarithm problem on elliptic curves is in general harder than the associated problem in the more traditional finite fields. In this talk I shall outline how one should choose one's elliptic curve by showing how certain attacks work. In particular I shall concentrate on the recent attack on "trace one curves".
28 October 16:15Dynamic separation of duties in the clark-wilson model: shifting trust in the application back into the tcb / Simon Foley, University College, Cork
The Clark-Wilson security model may be used for systems where security is enforced across both the operating system and the application systems. Under this model, a secure system may be viewed as a certified application running on top of a trusted computing base (TCB). Certifying an application corresponds to arguing (to a degree) its correctness; the TCB is expected to have undergone some sort of security evaluation. A variety of existing implementation models, for example multilevel security, have been shown capable of upholding the Clark-Wilson TCB requirements.
We argue that, given an evaluated TCB, an application designer should try to minimize the amount of security critical code that is contained within the application and rely on the TCB to enforce security wherever possible. Under the Clark-Wilson model, the TCB is expected to support (enforce) static segregation of duties. However it appears that dynamic segregation of duty must be implemented within the application itself.
In this talk I will describe a framework in which dynamic Clark-Wilson style segregation of duty policies can be expressed and supported by the TCB. I will also describe how these policies can be enforced under Unix and Multilevel TCBs.
21 October 16:15Inductive analysis of the internet protocol tls / Larry Paulson, University of Cambridge
Internet browsers use security protocols to protect confidential messages. An inductive analysis of TLS (a descendant of SSL 3.0) has been performed using the theorem prover Isabelle. Proofs are based on higher-order logic and make no assumptions concerning beliefs or finiteness. All the obvious security goals can be proved; session resumption appears to be secure even if old session keys have been compromised. The analysis suggests modest changes to simplify the protocol.
TLS, even at an abstract level, is much more complicated than most protocols that researchers have verified. Session keys are negotiated rather than distributed, some messages are optional, and others may be sent at various times. The resources needed to verify TLS are modest: the inductive approach scales up.
14 October 16:15Edifact security and the public key infrastructure / Peter Landrock, Cryptomathic and Aarhus University
The purpose of EDI is to process business data in an automated way. This used to be handled on a bilateral basis between contracting parties using leased lines etc., but when parties without an initial contract do business over the Internet and/or X.400, it is absolutely vital to secure the interchanges by what we call security services: non-repudiation of origin/receipt and confidentiality are the obvious choices.
Back in the early 90's, the UN Security Joint Working Group came up with a number of proposals for the integration of these services at the EDIFACT syntax level, thus making them independent of the transport mechanism in use. This implied that the EDI translators would handle security, and in an automated fashion. The next step was to bring the supporting public key infrastructure with communicating CAs, LRAs and Directories into play, and a new EDIFACT message, KEYMAN, was designed to handle this.
The EDIFACT certificate thus derived was far more business minded than the original X.509 certificate in its design. The PKI and the underlying business model will be described, and we will explain how to avoid blacklists. We believe this model is the right one to take forward in electronic commerce, and this is exactly what we are doing in large pilots such as SEMPER, BOLERO, DYP, and ELSME.
3 October 10:00Pachyderm: keeping your email on the web / Michael Schroeder, Digital Systems Research Center
Pachyderm is an experimental email system exhibiting the following properties:
The Platform is the Web: all interaction with Pachyderm is through a web browser; you can create, read and browse your email from any web-connected computer.
Location Independence: there is no state locked in particular client computers; you can move among client computers at will, and your email state will still be available to you.
Bandwidth Tolerance: Pachyderm is designed to tolerate a wide range of connectivity bandwidths, from high-speed local area networks to dial-up modems.
Easy Data Retrieval: all access to your email is based on queries on a full-text index; you can find the right message from among tens of thousands without any need for manual classification schemes such as folders.
The talk will outline the rationale for Pachyderm and describe the structure of the system.
NOTE: the time is nonstandard for a security seminar.
29 September 11:15Composable and emergent security properties / Heather Hinton, Ryerson Polytechnic University
Emergent behaviours are those that result from interaction between the behaviour of the components of a composite system. We show that they play a role in the composite system's security properties: they may give rise to vulnerabilities directly, or result in the non-composability of security properties.
Using an emergent properties analysis, we can identify which aspects of component behaviour lead to undesirable emergent behaviour. This may enable us to strengthen individual systems so that desired properties compose. We can also use this approach to identify, a priori, when non-composable properties will be violated within a composite system.
We have shown how to apply this approach to several toy examples and are currently using it to analyse a Network Reference Monitor.
25 September 9:30Security analysis of rsa-type cryptosystems / Marc Joye, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Discussion Room, Computer Laboratory
In 1978, Rivest, Shamir and Adleman introduced the public-key cryptosystem RSA. Thereafter, it was extended to Lucas sequences and elliptic curves. In this talk, we will analyse the security of these cryptosystems in given contexts. In particular, some major known attacks against RSA-type systems will be reviewed. We will also see how these attacks can be avoided.
NOTE: the time and the place are nonstandard for a security seminar.
29 August 16:00Visual cryptography with polarisation / Eli Biham, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
Visual cryptography was introduced by Naor and Shamir as a way to allow fast visual decryption of graphic objects. No decryption device is required; instead decryption is done by fitting slides together. Several schemes were suggested which allow users to share secret pictures (and text) in an information theoretically secure way, so that deciphering is easy if all the shares are given, but it is impossible if one of them is missing. The drawbacks of all the existing methods are the exponentially small contrast of the deciphered picture as the number of shares increases, and the reduction in quality due to pixels' being represented by many smaller (black and white) pixels.
In this talk we suggest new visual cryptographic schemes based on light polarization which are better than the optimal existing schemes. Then we present an ultimate scheme which does not subdivide pixels, and in which the contrast is independent of the number of shares.
Joint work with Ayal Itzkovitz
7 August State reachability techniques in the formal verification of cryptographic protocols: state of the art and open issues / Catherine A. Meadows, Naval Research Laboratory
10 July 15:00Security and types in the java virtual machine / Mart�n Abadi, DEC Systems Research Center
Java is typically compiled into an intermediate language, which we call JVML. The Java Virtual Machine interprets JVML code. Because mobile JVML code is not always trusted, a bytecode verifier enforces static constraints that prevent various dynamic errors. Given the importance of the bytecode verifier to security, its current descriptions are inadequate. We consider the use of typing rules to describe the bytecode verifier because they are more precise than prose, clearer than code, and easier to reason about than either. We explore the viability of this approach by developing a sound type system for a subset of JVML. This subset, despite its small size, is interesting because it includes JVML subroutines, a source of substantial difficulty for the bytecode verifier. (Joint work with Raymie Stata.)
8 July 16:15A new paradigm for massively parallel random search / Adi Shamir, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
The problem of optimizing combinatorial problems or breaking cryptographic codes led to several novel paradigms for carrying out such a massively parallel random search, including quantum and DNA computers. In this talk, the speaker will propose a new paradigm, which is based on a simple and easy to implement idea.
The speaker will use some props to demonstrate the new paradigm in real time. It's accessible to everyone, even though some familiarity with the structure of DES like schemes helps to motivate the research.
18 June 16:15Abstractions for mobile computation / Luca Cardelli, DEC Systems Research Center
Hopkinson lecture theatre, Computer Laboratory
There are two distinct areas of work in mobility: "mobile computing", concerning computation that is carried out in mobile devices, and "mobile computation", concerning mobile code that moves between devices. These distinctions are destined to vanish. We aim to describe all aspects of mobility within a single framework that encompasses mobile agents, the ambients where agents interact and the mobility of the ambients themselves.
The main difficulty with mobile computation is not in mobility per se, but in the crossing of administrative domains. Mobile programs must be equipped to navigate a hierarchy of domains, at every step obtaining authorization to move further. Therefore, at the most fundamental level we need to capture notions of locations, of mobility and of authorization to move.
We identify "mobile ambients" as a fundamental abstraction that generalizes both dynamic agents and the static domains they must cross. From a formal point of view we develop a simple but computationally powerful calculus that directly embodies domains and mobility (and little else). The calculus forms the basis of a small-language/ Java-library. We demonstrate the expressiveness of the approach by a series of examples, including showing how a notion
20 May 16:15Secure transfer of trust / Carl Ellison, CyberCash Inc.
For a decade, people have viewed the binding of names to keys as the only problem. I will argue that names are almost meaningless in the context of the global Internet, and that we need rather to transfer authorisation securely from one entity to another. I will discuss two new attempts to do this, namely SDSI and SPKI.
24 March 14:15Steganography and copyright marking / Ross Anderson, University of Cambridge
One of the fastest growing areas of security research is steganography - hiding information in other information. One example is hiding encrypted copyright marks in digital images; the same ideas can be applied to other problems such as annotation and indexing, and to other kinds of object such as digital audio.
Research in this subject is highly interdisciplinary, and a number of people with backgrounds in graphics, signals processing and statistics have expressed interest in getting involved. I will therefore be giving a brief tutorial on the subject and outlining where the interesting areas of research appear to be.
NOTE: the time and location are nonstandard for a security seminar.
18 March The impact of dynamic linking on java security / Drew Dean, Princeton University
We survey some of the major security flaws found in Java-enabled web browsers from Sun, Netscape, and Microsoft over the last 15 months. While numerous issues have been found throughout the system, the worst problems come from type safety failures in the implementations that allow an attacker to run arbitrary machine code. Several of the type safety failures can be traced to dynamic linking. We examine a formal model of dynamic linking, and find some necessary conditions for safety.
11 March Programming goofs that will hose your system security / Alec Muffett, Sun Microsystems
This seminar is an illustrated and light-hearted introduction to vectors of insecurity within modern computer systems, focussing especially on Unix-like operating systems (i.e. don't expect the speaker to bang on about viruses for very long) and how it seems that the same problems come up time and again in new guises.
The presentation should be suitable for programmers, C/S students, and systems administrators of all grades, especially those with a programming bent, and will try to educate the audience away from some of the more grotesque mistakes of systems programming.
4 March Non-repudiation / Mike Roe, University of Cambridge
The invention of public-key cryptography led to the idea of non-repudiation protocols, which are intended to enable the resolution of disputes about pervious protocol exchanges. Later work on non-repudiation has shown that the means by which cryptographic keys are managed is just as important as the cryptographic algorithm, and public-key cryptography is neither necessary nor sufficient.
25 February The composition of security properties / Aris Zakinthinos, University of Cambridge
The ability to design and construct complex systems that enforce a security property presupposes an understanding of security properties themselves, as well as the security properties of a system that is composed from secure components. This talk will present a general theory of possibilistic security properties and of system composition for such properties.
It has been demonstrated that security properties do not fit into the saftey/liveness framework defined by Alpern and Schneider. That is, a security property can not be expressed as a property of a trace. (A trace is an ordered stream of events that can occur at the inputs and outputs of a component). However, we demonstrate that security properties can be expressed as a predicate over the set of all traces of a component that are consistent with a given low-level view of a trace.
The issue of composition with feedback has been the focus of much research, we demonstrate that the problem with feedback composition is related to the synchronization of the communications events between the various components. This allows us to provide necessary and sufficient conditions for determining when feedback composition will fail for Generalized Noninterference and for all properties stronger than Generalized Noninterference.
An understanding of what is a security property allows us to provide a method of constructing a system that satisfies a desired security property. This analysis yields a condition that can be used to determine how a property may emerge under composition.
21 February 16:00The sdsi public-key infrastructure / Butler Lampson, Microsoft Corporation
SDSI is a new distributed security infrastructure, joint work by Butler Lampson and Ron Rivest. It has a simple public-key infrastructure that emphasizes linked local name spaces rather than a hierarchical global name space. SDSI makes it easy to define groups and issue group-membership certificates. Groups provide simple, clear terminology for defining access control lists and security policies.
18 February Trust / Perri 6, Demos
Unless, as citizens and consumers, we believe that we can trust the government and business organisations that keep personal information about us, to treat that information confidentially and to use it only in ways that we consider to be in our interest, the ``information society'' will be a conflict-ridden, expensive and litigious affair.
In this presentation, I want to explore how we can understand better what determines trust in general. I then go on to look more specifically at how trust in connection with privacy, and I will conclude by setting out some strategies for policy in the fields of data protection, trusted third parties and independence of subject access to buttress trust and trustworthiness in the digital age.
11 February Electronic copyright management - the way ahead / Alastair Kelman, Barrister
7 February The breaking of the german lorenz world war 2 cypher: max newman's contribution and colossus. / Tony Sale, President, The Bletchley Park Trust
The Palmerston Room, St. John's College, Cambridge
To mark the centenary of the birth of M.H.A. Newman (1897-1984), St John's College are hosting a talk by Tony Sale, President of the Bletchley Park Trust.
Tony Sale is widely known for his achievement in constructing a working replica of the wartime Colossus computer.
The centenary will also be marked by an exhibition about Max Newman's life and work, to be held in the College Library from February 7th until Easter.
4 February Security based on error correcting codes and its application to pay-tv / Jean-Bernard Fischer, Thomson Consumer Electronics, France
We build an original cryptographic toolbox based on error-correcting codes. Having studied the difficulty of the syndrome decoding problem, we define a one-way function and a general setting for its use. Our results allow us to prove the security of Stern's authentication protocol SD; we also construct a provably secure pseudo-random generator and a very efficient and versatile keyed one-way function. These algorithms are used to provide end-to-end security for an analog pay-tv system using smart cards, similar to VideoCrypt.
28 January Mechanised proofs for a recursive authentication protocol / Larry Paulson, University of Cambridge
A novel protocol has been formally analyzed using the prover Isabelle/HOL, following the inductive approach described in the speaker's earlier work. A single run of the protocol delivers session keys to any number of agents, allowing neighbours to perform mutual authentication. The basic security theorem states that session keys are correctly delivered to adjacent pairs of honest agents, even if other agents in the chain are compromised. The complexity of the protocol caused modest difficulties in the specification and proofs, but symmetries in the protocol reduced the number of separate theorems to prove.
[Icons under Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 license from famfamfam.com.]
© 2013 Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge
Information provided by Alexander Vetterl


Prepare to be inspired, fellow scribes! The Artist's Way was one of the creative writing workshops; the rest of this best advice comes from a variety of writers' sessions I attended this year.
Last night I attended a talk by Natalie Goldberg at the Vancouver Public Library. She's the author of Writing Down the Bones. Unfortunately she didn't share her best advice about creative writing because it wasn't a workshop for writers. Rather, it a reading from her newest book, The Great Spring: Writing, Zen, and This Zigzag Life.
I was disappointed that Goldberg was more intent on reading from her book rather than giving us writing tips. We were a crowd of published authors, aspiring writers, and freelance journalists who wanted to learn how to write. However, Goldberg was on a book tour – not a creative writing workshop. She invited the audience to ask questions in between readings, but she was very strict about limiting the number of questions (which were all about how to write, writer's block, procrastination, etc). Her answers were short and sweet ("if you want to be a writer, pick up your pen and write").
How do you feel about being read to by authors? I'm not a fan. I can read their books myself! I want to hear about their writing process, not listen to them read their own written words. But I understand that some fans love seeing their favorite authors in person and hearing them read from their latest books in their own voice.
But you're not here to debate author readings and book tours, are you? You want to know the best pieces of advice from creative writing workshops I've recently attended.
In spite of not getting delicious writing secrets from Natalie Goldberg – or perhaps because I didn't get any tips at all – this morning I woke up inspired to share the best advice I've recently been learning about creative writing.
Have you ever wondered why you get good ideas when you're in the shower? The reason writers get awesome book, plot, and article ideas when they're doing the dishes, mowing the lawn or walking anywhere is because our brains are marvellous.
For a creative idea to be produced, our brains must activate a number of different – and perhaps even contradictory – networks. Those mundane dishwashing and body washing chores give our brains a chance to burble and simmer.
Brainiac researchers from the University of Haifa believe that creativity is our ability to think in new and original ways to solve problems (for creative writers, the problem might be "how do I write the best advice on a topic that's been written about a million times before?"). The problem is that not all original solutions are creative. If the idea is not fully applicable or reasonable, it's not truly creative. It's just odd.
So, even before the first piece of advice about creative writing is to give your brain time to do duel diligence. This means allow it to test both the originality and and the applicability of a creative idea.
Let your brain and spirit, heart and soul, mind and body burble and simmer.
I'm taking a 12 week-long workshop on The Artist's Way by Julia Cameron. I've read quickly through this book three times before, but this time it is having a huge and profoundly positive effect on my creativity, inspiration, writing, and blogging life.
For instance, I now better understand what Cameron means when she encourages writers to let God flow through us. I didn't really get it before. Perhaps I didn't allow Him to work because I was too busy trying to make money as a blogger.
One of the Basic Principles of The Artist's Way is to open ourselves to exploring our creativity and to open ourselves to God. And here's the best advice that I finally got after reading Cameron's book several times over several years: I am at my best as a writer and as a human when I allow myself to be a channel or conduit. I must allow God's insight, wisdom, and creativity to flow THROUGH me. And this 12 week creative writing workshop is teaching me how to do it.
Don't read a book like The Artist's Way by Julia Cameron or Bird by Bird: Some Instructions on Writing and Life by Anne Lamott just once. Re-read those books every year. Soak them up, for they will help you find the best advice you need to hear about writing.
I know Stephen King's best advice is to read, read, read. And write, write, write.
But I also know that writers get paralyzed and blocked when they spend too much time reading. Especially when they read great works of art!
Don't just read. STUDY what makes great writing great. Really notice the use of language, sentence structure, imagery, symbolism. But PRACTICE your own writing. My best advice is that creative writing is a craft that can always be improved on. And the only way to improve is to write and edit, rewrite and keep editing.
"Play around. Dive into absurdity and write. Take chances. You will succeed if you are fearless of failure." – Natalie Goldberg.
The best advice for becoming a better creative writer? Edit stuff you wrote at least a year ago. Seven years is better. If you have a blog – and if you've been been blogging for years – you have a veritable treasure chest of tools for improving your writing!
One of my favorite ways to practice my writing is to rewrite old blog posts. For instance, I just updated (but didn't rewrite) 5 No-Fail Ways to Write a Great Conclusion. (My goal for this blog – Blossom in Your Writing – is to spruce up every one of my posts. I have 516 blog posts, so it will take time!) Updating my old blog posts helps me see the writing mistakes I most often make.
Too many dependent clauses at the beginning of my sentences. The sentence "For example, I know two of my major writing weaknesses are"" is a perfect example of that. I think.
What have you learned by rewriting or editing your old writing? Pay attention to that. This is one of the best pieces of advice you'll ever get.
This tip may or may not be from a creative writing workshop – I can't remember from whence it came. Maybe it came outta my own head! But it is one of the absolute best pieces of advice for writers: do a stern rewrite – or at least a serious edit – of something you wrote long ago in a place far away.
This tidbit circles back to the brain and creativity researched I mentioned at the top of this article: we need to allow our brains to simmer and burble. Our brains and hearts and souls are marvellous! They will give us ideas and inspiration – if we are open to them.
How do you open yourself to receive writing inspiration? Where do you get your best ideas? Julia Cameron's best advice is writing Morning Pages. Anne Lamott's best advice is writing "bird by bird." I don't know what Natalie Goldberg's best advice is – perhaps I need to re-read Writing Down the Bones or The True Secret of Writing: Connecting Life with Language.
My best advice? I find myself deeply inspired when I go to writing workshops and creativity conferences. Anything learning-oriented gives me so many ideas and so much energy! Especially when I'm the student (I taught Language Arts and journalism for three years, and was not much inspired. I love listening and learning, not teaching).
William Faulkner's best advice is to "kill your darlings." This goes back to my third writing tip above: edit and revise your work with a sense of detachment. I discuss this quote in more detail in How to Find the Courage to Write.
If this isn't one of the most common pieces of advice at writing conferences, it should be. Why? Because if you view your blog posts, magazine articles, nonfiction books, and based-on-a-true story memoirs as your darling babies, you won't be able to cull the unnecessary fat. You'll be wrecked when you get feedback that isn't laudatory.
My obligation to my Blossom blog readers is to find and share information that help them listen to the still small voice. I want to encourage people to lay down their burdens and Blossom into the people God created them to be! My obligation is to write articles that are encouraging, supportive, and helpful.
I'm learning that I'm also obliged to listen to God's still small voice. I'm learning how to balance my need to write articles that will help pay the mortgage (for I cannot work for free) and my need to create a job that is meaningful and purposeful.
What is your obligation to your readers? Once you know that, you will find it much easier to recognize your own "best advice" – and you may not even have to attend writers' conferences to find it.
In my creative writing workshop, we watched a video of Elle Luna talk about her book The Crossroads Between Should and Must. She says lots of inspirational stuff about creativity and gives her best advice, which is awesome. You have to read the book.
Should is how people think you should be and what the world wants you to be. Must is who you are, what you believe, your calling.
From this video I learned that I feel I SHOULD answer every reader's comment on my Blossom blogs. I feel I SHOULD give advice when they ask for it, even though I don't believe in giving advice and even though I'm a writer not a counselor, and even though I put a little disclaimer at the end of every blog post saying I can't give advice.
What MUST I do, as a creative writer? I must write. I must create blog posts. I must let God flow through me. I must be a channel, a conduit.
So far, this has been the best advice I got from the creative writing workshop I'm currently taking. We're four weeks through a 12 week course, and I'm stoked about what else I'll learn about creativity, writing, and God.
I know there are dozens or maybe even hundreds of other pieces of "best advice" for writers. The only absolutes that stand the test of time for every writer is to learn as much as you can about writing, and write as much as you can hear.
What is your best advice about writing?
Have you attended a writers' workshop recently – and what did you learn about writing? Tell me – I welcome your big and little thoughts in the comments section below.
Go well, fellow scribe. Write hard.


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Learning from Merkel's approach to energy politics
Posted on 28 February, 2014 by Green Alliance blog	2 comments
This post is by Matthew Lockwood, a senior research fellow in the Energy Policy Group at the University of Exeter.
Angela Merkel's visit to London yesterday is being widely reported in the context of David Cameron's efforts to secure EU reform. However, the presence of Europe's electorally most successful leader is also a reminder of some contrasts between Germany and the UK in the area of energy policy.
Germany's Energiewende, or path towards renewable energy, has recently been much lambasted in parts of the UK press as disastrously costly. And it is true that support to renewable energy has cost Germany around four times as much as a share of GDP as the UK, while producing only twice as much renewable electricity. A large part of this can be explained by Germany's huge solar PV programme.
German support for renewables is unlikely to wane
Not surprisingly, there continues to be considerable debate about that cost within Germany. However, it is extremely unlikely that Merkel will actually end or seriously slow down the Energiewende, not least because her partner in coalition government, the SPD, would not support it. In fact, German voters threw out the political party most opposed to renewable energy support in elections last year. The German government (unlike its British counterpart) supports a 2030 target for renewable energy for the EU, and only last week Germany joined France in a statement of joint commitment to expanding renewables further. Contrast this situation with the UK where the prime minister actively opposes renewable energy targets and Ernst & Young concluded this week that the recent energy reforms have made us less attractive to investors.
Why is it that, despite its greater cost, Germany's renewable energy programme appears to be politically more sustainable than the UK's? There are all sorts of reasons, including the fact that Germans are generally more environmentally-minded than Brits and, certainly, many are more passionately anti-nuclear. However, I think that the different nature of renewable energy policies in Germany also plays a key role.
How German policy differs from the UK
Germany, under Merkel's CDU party, adopted a kind of renewable energy subsidy – the feed-in tariff – that is risk free and accessible by small actors very early on, and with the specific agenda of diversifying energy ownership: households, farmers, co-operatives, community groups, municipalities now own the majority of renewable capacity and less than ten per cent of renewable energy capacity is controlled by large energy companies.
Different rates were set for different technologies, which is why solar PV took off, especially in the 2000s. Grid access was guaranteed. By contrast, in the UK, until recently, renewable support came via a more complex and riskier mechanism (the Renewables Obligation), which effectively benefited wind but little else. Almost all investment in wind was made by wind development companies or big energy utilities. The government has very recently launched a new community energy strategy, advertised as "ruthlessly pragmatic", but it is on a much smaller scale. The UK strategy offers £25 million to help catalyse investment by households and communities. In Germany, as long ago as the early 2000s, there were an estimated 340,000 Germans with investments of around €12 billion in renewable energy projects.
A supportive constituency has been built
German policy has created a huge constituency of support for its maintenance, and a large reservoir of people also hoping to invest. This was further bolstered by an explicitly green industrial policy that helped build a supply chain, with solar PV and wind turbine factories appearing in the economically depressed areas of east and northern Germany, and brought the powerful manufacturing unions on board. By contrast, in the UK, successive governments have found it hard to embrace this approach, and the supply chain benefits of the UK's renewables deployment have been weaker.
In other words, the nature of policy can have political effects that, in turn, support or undermine the future of that policy, what political theorists call 'policy feedback'. Renewable energy support policies inevitably produce negative feedback effects. This includes financial costs, but can also involve local concern about wind turbines in the landscape. These are found in both countries. But in Germany, these are balanced by strong positive feedback effects, by widely dispersed investment, by the fact that wind farms were owned by locals, not fat cat outsiders, and by the jobs in the supply chains.
When an earlier proposal to cut feed-in tariff rates was made in 1997, there was a massive demonstration bringing together metalworkers, farmer groups and church groups along with environmental, solar and wind associations. By contrast, in the UK much of the subsidy has been captured by large energy companies, which are currently even more unpopular than banks. This is not to say that renewable energy is disliked in the UK, but rather that not enough people have enough of a material or political stake in it to protect policies against cost criticisms and eventual cuts.
Would it work here?
So does this mean that UK policy makers should copy the Germans? One understandable concern is that if policy makers start doling out subsidy in such a way as to ensure political support, they risk being captured by particular groups and the public purse gets milked. This is similar to an oft-expressed concern about industrial policy. Of course, this is a risk but it can be managed. The greater risk is of not creating positive feedback so that policy is much more politically unstable. There are also good principles for minimising the danger of rent seeking or corporate capture. For example, in Germany, rates of support have come down as technologies get cheaper and economies of scale are realised, a process called 'degression'. Technology costs are regularly assessed by independent research institutions and rate adjustments overseen by Parliament, all of which helps build accountability and trust.
A final issue is the argument that this works all very well in Germany but it would never work here. There is something in this. Germany has institutions that have proven important for the effectiveness of the policy, and have also amplified its political effects. The state-owned development bank (KfW) has helped provide finance for local small-scale renewable ownership. There is no equivalent institution in the UK. Despite reforms over the last two decades, Germany still has a stronger welfare system, and poverty is not so entrenched, meaning that the implications of the costs of renewables for energy bills for fuel poverty is less of an issue in the UK. Not all of these institutions can easily be replicated in Britain. But we might have a go at building some of them (for example, using the Green Investment Bank to help support community scale energy as well as big offshore wind projects).
All real-world renewable support policy, including the UK's, can be criticised for not being optimal from a cost perspective. But, in the end, while cost does matter, who benefits also matters. Societies do not always decide to do what economists would see as optimal. The UK has tried to focus on energy policy that is economically optimal in the short term, but it has not created investment stability or strong public support. In contrast Merkel and her coalition colleagues have maintained public support for transformational energy policy for over a decade, even though it may not be the cheapest.
tagged with Angela Merkel, energiewende, germany, Matthew Lockwood, renewable energy
Craig Morris (@PPchef)
28 February, 2014	1:40 pm
Nice article, but feed-in tariffs are not risk-free: http://energytransition.de/2014/02/fits-do-not-guarantee-anything/
And they are not subsidies, unless you think public healthcare in the UK is also a subsidy.
I'd be interested to read more about why you think the poor in Germany are better protected than the poor in the UK when it comes to energy poverty. I find it hard to compare countries:
http://www.renewablesinternational.net/energy-poverty-still-hard-to-compare/150/537/77095/
Thank you for illustrating so succinctly how Germany is setting the UK an example in how to manage renewable energy effectively through community funded on shore wind and solar power. In the UK we need to increase taxpayer funding in developing commercial PV on supermarket and industrial estate roofs. These will then provide electricity to adjacent domestic users through small grids. We hope there was some discussion of how to proceed with European smart grid sharing between the David Cameron and Angela Merckel at their recent lunch meeting in Downing Street.
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George Karavokyris
Secrecy, Democracy, and the Greek Wiretapping Case
The crisis erupted unexpectedly and disrupted the summer calm of the Greek political landscape at the end of June, when the leader of PASOK-KINAL (third biggest party in the Parliament) and member of the European Parliament Nikos Androulakis found evidence of an attempt to infect his cellphone with the illegal spyware called Predator. Scrutiny by the European Parliament's services revealed a suspect link associated with the program, which grants the hacker full and constant access to the target's mobile phone. The politician had received a text message on September 21, 2021, inviting him to follow the link, which he did not do. Mr Androulakis filed a complaint with the Supreme Court Prosecutors' Office claiming that an unknown party or parties had attempted to tap his cellphone during the leadership race in the ranks of the socialist party last year (September 2021).
The "Predator case" remains to be investigated by the Greek and the European authorities (the journalist Thanasis Koukakis was also targeted). The event that finally triggered the political turmoil, however, was another one. In the beginning of August, a committee of ADAE (Hellenic Authority for Communication Security and Privacy) requested and obtained information on the telephone connection from the provider of Mr Androulakis. It emerged that the National Intelligence Service had submitted an application to lift the secrecy on Androulakis' mobile phone for reasons of national security. Simply put, Mr Androulakis was tapped for three months (during his campaign for the socialist party elections, until December 2021), according to the ordinary procedure prescribed by law, namely following the official order of the Prosecutor in charge of dealing with these requests from EYP. This exact judicial order, whose motives and justification are still unclear and unknown to the public, coincides chronologically with the failed attempt to intercept his mobile phone with the Predator spyware.
After the Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis was informed on the case, the Prime Minister's general secretary Grigoris Dimitriadis (responsible for EYP, which was placed under the control of the Prime Minister's Office, according to law nο. 4622/2019) and the EYP chief Panagiotis Kontoleon, appointed by the government, were asked to resign. The Prime Minister declared that he was unaware of the surveillance, which was "lawful but mistaken" and "politically unacceptable" and therefore "should never have been allowed". The President of the Hellenic Republic Katerina Sakellaropoulou has also intervened and accentuated the need for an immediate and complete investigation of the case, taking into account its great importance for democracy and the rule of law. Τhe largest opposition parties SYRIZA and PASOK-KINAL denounced a flagrant violation of the law and pointed to the major responsibility both of the Government and personally of the Prime Minister, speaking of a democratic backsliding.
The Androulakis case not only challenged and altered the Greek political agenda, but also provoked substantial concerns about the protection of the right to secrecy of communications and in a wider sense the quality of rule of law in Greece.
An "absolute" constitutional right
Article 19 par. 1 of the Greek Constitution provides that "1. Secrecy of letters and all other forms of free correspondence or communication shall be absolutely inviolable. The guaranties under which the judicial authority shall not be bound by this secrecy for reasons of national security or for the purpose of investigating especially serious crimes, shall be specified by law". The "absolute" protection of the right portrays its fundamental value in a democratic society, given its strong connection with personal autonomy and private life. Hence, the Constitution allows two – and only two – restrictions on the confidentiality: for national security reasons and for the penal investigation, detection and prosecution of serious crimes, defined exhaustively by the law. These exceptions shall be strictly interpreted by legal agents so as not to distort or reverse the rule-exception anatomy of the constitutional provision.
Furthermore, according to article 19 par. 2 of the Greek Constitution, the confidentiality of communications is guaranteed by an Independent Authority. Specifically, law no. 3115/2003 and presidential decree no. 40/2005 have established ADAE. The latter supervises the lawful interception and access to communications data procedure and is also in charge of controlling the security of communications in the publicly available electronic communications networks and services. Consequently, the constitutional and institutional framework, complemented with article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights and article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, aims at the highest level of protection for this right. In addition, every restriction for reasons of national security or for the investigation of a serious crime must comply with the principle of proportionality (article 25 par. 1 of the Constitution, article 1 of presidential decree no. 40/2005). However, the Androulakis case has exposed the conflict of the existing legislative framework (law no. 2225/1994) with the Constitution, the ECHR and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, alongside with the de facto abuse of power from EYP.
Violating the rule of law
The main law about the confidentiality of communications is law no. 2225/1994. The law does not define "national security" or specify the exact circumstances of surveillance. Constitutional theory has interpreted the vague concept of "national security" as the protection of the country from external threats, which is not to be extended and confounded with the internal "public order". When public authorities request the waiver of confidentiality for the purpose of verifying crimes, the judicial order (of the Judicial Council) should include the suspect's name, address and the judge's reasoning. In contrast, the name of the person and the underlying reasons for the surveillance are not mentioned in the order for national security, issued within the extremely short time-framework of 24 hours. Furthermore, there is no time limit regarding the duration of the abovementioned judicial order, renewed indefinitely by the Prosecutor of the Court of Appeals.
The limited and urgent deadline, the absence of justification and the potentially excessive period of the lift of secrecy provide insufficient, to say the least, safeguards in terms or necessity and proportionality. Effective judicial scrutiny is also foreclosed. On an institutional level, the National Intelligence Service is supervised by a public Prosecutor, specially appointed to the service and responsible for the orders. This "in house" judicial authority with one Prosecutor in charge (law no. 4531/2018) has been criticized for jeopardizing judicial impartiality and transparency.
Last but not least, a provision included in law no. 4790/2021 as an amendment, has suppressed the right of the person that has been intercepted to be notified by the independent authority (after the surveillance has been terminated), for her/him to be able to claim judicial protection (for instance a pecuniary compensation). In other words, the person concerned never knows about the interception, which becomes a blind spot. The amount of discretionary power the domestic legal framework delegates to the State authorities is not very far away from pure arbitrariness of the executive. Without the appropriate checks and balances, the procedural legality of the interception could indirectly cover a political dispute or other obscure purposes. This is clearly incompatible with the strict provision of the Constitution and the ECHR standards.
The European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly highlighted the basic principles regarding the legal framework governing secret surveillance of mobile telephone communications. The surveillance system should "clearly have a basis in domestic law and be justified by national security interests. Given the present-day threats of global terrorism and serious cross-border crime, as well as the increased sophistication of communications technology", the Court confers to the State a "considerable power of discretion ("a wide margin of appreciation") to decide on setting up such a system of bulk interception" (Centrum för rättvisa v. Sweden, 25/5/2021, §178). Τhe safeguards have been mentioned and developed in the Roman Zakharov v. Russia case (4/12/2015). The Court gave emphasis to the clear duration and the renewal of the interception, the (ex post) notification and the available judicial remedies for the victim and the requirements about the content of interception requests or authorizations (for instance the name of the person).
To sum up, the current legislative provisions, particularly in the case of the protection of national security, should be revisited and aligned with the European and constitutional standards. In the light of the events, the recent Act of Legislative Content (published in 9/8/2022), drafted by the government and aiming to "address the exceptionally urgent need to adopt regulations to bolster the integrity of the National Intelligence Service" provides that a second Prosecutor of the Court of Appeals approves or declines the request for the waiver. Moreover, the Act entitles the standing parliamentary committee on institutions and transparency to offer an advisory opinion (not a veto) for the appointment of the EYP chief. Nonetheless, more adequate guaranties should be introduced, particularly for the members of the Parliament, in compliance with their exceptional legal regime and immunities.
Besides the rule-of-law problem, the available data indicate that there is another dark side of the National Intelligence Service. The constant increase, during the last decade, of waivers for reasons of national security depicts the abusive practice and the broad interpretation of that concept by the Greek authorities. For instance, in 2021, the annual report of the independent authority (ADAE) confirms that 15,475 judicial orders of surveillance have been signed by the (one and only) competent Prosecutor, whereas 3097 orders were signed for the investigation of serious crimes. We shall bear also in mind that each of these waivers may refer to more than one suspects.
Democracy and (dis)trust
The wiretapping case raises fundamental questions, normative and factual. After the heated debate of the political leaders in the Parliament, an inquiry parliamentary committee is expected to investigate over the following months all the issues that arise. Nobody contests the republican value and constitutional goal of preserving national interests, particularly in a complex and unstable international environment. There is no doubt that the function of an intelligence service should not be entirely accessible and open to public eyes. Secrecy is the condition for achieving its goals.
On the other hand, the law must not be diluted in the abuse of political power, and national security must not be fatally turned into a risk for our own rights. The authority of the law and the State relies upon its citizens' trust that there are sound reasons for the limitation of their freedoms. A radical revision of the legal framework is the first step for ensuring transparency and accountability and adjusting to the requirements of the rule of law. Bringing to light the full background of the Androulakis case, the surveillance of a political leader and member of the European Parliament, is not just a matter of compliance to the law or of political responsibility. It is an urgent and vital necessity for the sake of Greek democracy.
SUGGESTED CITATION Karavokyris, George: Secrecy, Democracy, and the Greek Wiretapping Case, VerfBlog, 2022/8/28, https://verfassungsblog.de/secrecy-democracy-and-the-greek-wiretapping-case/, DOI: 10.17176/20220828-181631-0.
Kyriakos Mitsotakis, National Security, Wiretapping, privacy, surveillance
George Karavokyris George Karavokyris is an Assistant Professor of Constitutional Law at the Law School of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
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Renewables/Energy Transition / Wind / UK
UK Government to double size of its next green auction
The Government has confirmed plans to double the amount of renewables getting support in the next round of contracts for clean energy technology.
© SSE
Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm off the coast of Caithness.
The fourth round of the "contracts for difference" scheme, in which companies bid in auctions for contracts that guarantee a certain price for the electricity generated from new renewable projects, will open in late 2021.
The scheme supports the development of new renewables projects by giving developers certainty on their returns and protects consumers from extra costs when electricity prices are high, as companies have to pay back the difference if the price of power exceeds what they are contracted to receive.
The next round will aim to secure double the capacity of renewable electricity from 5.8 gigawatts of power in the previous round to 12 gigawatts this time – enough to power 20 million electric vehicles on the UK's roads in any year, officials said.
And it will expand the number of technologies that are included, with floating offshore wind projects able to take part for the first time.
As announced in March, onshore wind and solar will also be able to bid for the first time since 2015. Offshore wind schemes can also bid for funding as they have done in previous rounds.
Energy minister Kwasi Kwarteng said: "The UK is a world leader in clean energy with over a third of our electricity now coming from renewables."
He said the plans built on Prime Minister Boris Johnson's 10 point green plan, set out last week, which included measures to push forward on offshore wind and other clean technologies, and "put us firmly on the path towards building a new, green industrial revolution".
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a Little More Music, Inc. & Sharp Circle Music.
She can't say goodbye & 7 other titles; musical compositions.
By Dan Tyler. Assignment of copyright.
Montage Music, Inc. & Sharp Circle Music.
Anytime man / By Dan Tyler & David Womack.
Are we a dream that won't come true? & 59 other titles; musical compositions.
Unichappell Music, Inc. & Chappell & Company, Inc. successor-in-interest to Chappell Music Company, a division of Chappell & Company, Inc.
Dan Tyler, individually and on behalf of Intuit Music Publishing & Mota Music.
Copyrights records by Mota Music.
To life; musical composition / Composers, Ken Leray & Dan Tyler.
Exhibit A recored at request of sender.
Rigamarole. m Joe Puma (Joseph Puma) & Mat Mathews.
Old Southern memories / words & music by Dan Tyler.
Baby's got a new baby / J. Fred Knobloch, Dan Tyler.
words & music: J. Fred Knobloch & Daniel E. Tyler.
Rigamarole. By J. Fred Knobloch & Dan Tyler.
Turn of the century / J. Fred Knobloch & Dan Tyler.
words & music: J. Fred Knobloch & Dan Tyler.
Turn of the century. By J. Fred Knobloch & Dan Tyler.
Irving Music, Inc., Mota Music & Back Nine Music, Inc.
words & music: Gary E. Scruggs & Dan Tyler.
example document: Jesus, come on back!
Merry Christmas I love you.
I must have dreamed you.
words & music: James Frederick Knobloch (a.k.a. J. Fred Knobloch) & Dan Tyler.
Modern day romance / Kix Brooks, Dan Tyler.
words & music: Dan Tyler & Kix Brooks.
She will / D. Tyler, J. Tweel.
words & music: Jeff Tweel & Dan Tyler.
Cold war / Dan Tyler, Fred Knobloch.
(With Let me know if love's on your mind).
words & music: Fred Knobloch & Dan Tyler.
Performed by Donna Groom with Terry Groom and the Groom Brothers Band.
Living without you / words & music by J. Fred Knobloch & Kevin Welch.
Nashville : Uncle Artie Music, c1987.
Down in the trenches of love / words & music by J. Fred Knobloch & Thom Schuyler.
Nashville : Lawyer's Daughter Music, c1987.
Those were the days, these are the nights / words & music by J. Fred Knobloch & Don Schlitz.
I'd rather fall in love / F. Knobloch, M. Humphries.
words & music: Mitch Humphries, J. Fred Knobloch.
example document: God don't make no junk!
It's gotta be love / S. Davis, F. Knobloch.
words & music: Stephen Allen Davis, J. Fred Knobloch.
Performed by the Bama Band.
example document: Is this all there is?
Rock-n-roll (will keep you young) / John Schwab, Dan Tyler.
words & music: John R. Schwab & Daniel E. Tyler.
Living without you / K. Welch, J. Fred Knobloch.
Colgems-E M I Music, Inc., a Little More Music, Uncle Artie Music, Cross Keys Publishing, Inc.
words & music: J. Fred Knobloch, Kevin Welch.
Those were the days, these are the nights / J. Fred Knobloch, Thom Schuyler.
M C A Music Publishing, a division of M C A, Inc., & Don Schultz Music, A Little More Music, Inc., & Uncle Artie Music, a division of the M T M Music Group.
words & music: Don Schlitz and J. Fred Knobloch.
Performed by Schuyler, Knobloch, and Brickhead.
No easy horses / Thom Schuyler, J. Fred Knobloch, Donald Schlitz.
There ain't no easy horses.
words & music: Don Schlitz, Thom Schuyler, & J. Fred Knobloch.
example document: I smell smoke, where's the fire?
Hot nights / Jim Weatherly, J. Fred Knobloch.
Milene Music, Inc., Bright Sky Music, Colgems-E M I Music, Inc.
words & music: Jim Weatherly, J. Fred Knobloch.
Cowgirl dreams. : Compact disc ; Warner Western 9 47119-2, c1998.
words & music: Joni Harms, 1959-, Pat McManus, Dan Tyler.
example document: When will I?


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Version 2 Senior Leader
Version 2 Team Leader
Version 2 ODM
Senior Leader assessment plan v2
The Senior Leader review has resulted in an updated standard and assessment plan. Within the standard, the knowledge, skills and behaviours (KSBs) have been updated and occupational duties have been introduced. The number of assessment methods remains unchanged, so the end-point assessment and still contains two distinct assessment methods.
Delivery of the apprenticeship has been made more flexible with the removal of the Master's Degree as a mandated part of the apprenticeship, although an employer would still be free to use such a qualification to deliver the apprenticeship, so long as it aligns to the KSBs. Apart from registration and certification costs, these would still be fundable under the levy up to the funding band limit. For up-to-date funding rules, please ensure to refer to the latest funding guidance.
The funding band was reviewed as a result of these changes and the minister for apprenticeships and skills has now agreed a final funding band of £14,000, compared to £18,000 for the current version of the apprenticeship. The new version of the apprenticeship is approved for delivery and will be available for new starts in place of the current version from 29 March 2021.
Download the Senior Leader Apprenticeship Assessment Plan
Download our guide to the Senior Leader Apprenticeship Standard
Download the EPA Pack and recording forms by logging into Walled Garden (existing customers only)
Please contact your Walled Garden administrator for login details. You can also download these documents from EPA Pro.
What is involved in the new Level 7 End-point assessment (EPA)?
The EPA consists of 2 discrete assessment methods:
Strategic Business Proposal, Presentation, Questioning
Professional Discussion, underpinned by a portfolio of evidence
The EPA will be completed within an EPA period typically lasting 5 months, which will commence once we have confirmed that all gateway requirements have been met.
EPA gateway
The apprentice should only enter the gateway once the employer is satisfied that the apprentice is working at or above the occupational standard. In making this decision, the employer may take advice from the apprentice's training provider(s), but the decision must ultimately be made solely by the employer.
ILM will confirm when all gateway requirements have been met, and the EPA period will only start once we have confirmed this. In addition to the employer's confirmation that the apprentice is working at or above the level of the occupational standard, the apprentice must also complete the following gateway requirements prior to starting EPA:
Achieved English and mathematics Level 2. For those with an education, health and care plan or a legacy statement, the apprenticeship's English and mathematics minimum requirement is Entry Level 3. British Sign Language (BSL) qualifications are an alternative to English qualifications for those who have BSL as their primary language.
For the strategic business proposal, presentation with questioning:
The strategic business proposal's subject, title and scope will be agreed between the employer and the Independent ILM Assessor at the gateway.
A brief summary will be required (of no more than 500 words) outlining the details of the strategic business proposal.
We will sign-off the strategic business proposal's title and scope to confirm its suitability at the gateway.
For the professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence, the apprentice will be required to submit:
A portfolio of evidence
The portfolio of evidence is not directly assessed. It underpins the professional discussion and therefore will not be marked. The Independent ILM Assessor will review the portfolio of evidence in preparation for the professional discussion but will not provide feedback after this review.
Assessment method 1: Strategic business proposal, presentation and questions & answers
Apprentices will produce a strategic business proposal and presentation. The strategic business proposal and presentation will be carried out after the apprentice has gone through the gateway.
A strategic business proposal involves the apprentice completing a relevant and defined piece of work that has a real business benefit. Apprentices will prepare and deliver a presentation that, along with the strategic business proposal, appropriately covers the KSBs assigned to this method of assessment. It will be followed by questioning from the Independent ILM assessor.
The strategic business proposal's word limit will be 4,000 words (+/- 10% at the apprentice's discretion) excluding tables, graphs, figures, references and annexes. 4,000 words is reflective of the real world that senior leaders work in and aligns with this role's demands. It will also ensure that the KSBs aligned to this assessment method can be evidenced appropriately. The apprentice will have 12 weeks to write and submit the strategic business proposal and presentation, following the ILM's approval of the strategic business proposal's scope and title.
Presentation delivery
The presentation must be submitted at the same time as the strategic business proposal, 12 weeks after the gateway. The independent ILM assessor should have two weeks to review the strategic business proposal prior to the presentation.
The presentation and questioning will take 60 minutes. The independent ILM assessor has the discretion to increase the time of the presentation and questioning by up to 10% to allow the apprentice to complete their last answer. The presentation will typically last for 20 minutes, and the questioning will typically last for 40 minutes. The discretionary additional 10% time can be allocated in any proportion across the presentation and questioning.
Assessment method 2: Professional discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence
This assessment will be in the form of a professional discussion, which will be appropriately structured to best reflect the apprentice's competence and excellence and cover the KSBs assigned to this assessment method.
A professional discussion is a two-way discussion between the Independent ILM Assessor and the apprentice to assess the apprentice's in-depth understanding of their work. The professional discussion should be led by the apprentice but involves both the Independent ILM Assessor and the apprentice actively listening and participating in a formal conversation. The Independent ILM Assessor will give the apprentice the opportunity to make detailed and proactive contributions to confirm their competency across the KSBs assigned to this method.
Professional discussion delivery
The underpinning portfolio is submitted at gateway and must evidence all of the KSBs mapped to this assessment method. The Independent ILM Assessor can use the contents of the portfolio to identify discussion areas for the professional discussion. The apprentice will be encouraged to refer to their portfolio of evidence during the professional discussion to support their responses.
The professional discussion will last 60 minutes. The Independent ILM Assessor has the discretion to increase the time of the professional discussion by up to 10% to allow the apprentice to complete their last answer. Further time may be granted for apprentices with appropriate needs, in accordance with our Reasonable Adjustments Policy.
How is the assessment graded?
To achieve a pass overall, the apprentice must achieve a pass in both assessment methods by meeting all the pass grading descriptors.
To achieve a distinction overall, the apprentice must achieve a distinction in both assessment methods by achieving all pass criteria and all distinction criteria.
Grades from individual assessment methods will be combined in the following way to determine the overall grade of the EPA.
Assessment method 1
Strategic business proposal, presentation with questioning
Professional Discussion underpinned by a portfolio of evidence
Overall grading
What is required at Gateway?
Sign-off the strategic business proposal's title and scope
Gateway declaration form
Portfolio of evidence
Portfolio Evidence Matrix
Evidence of English and maths
How much does the EPA service cost?
For information on the cost of our End Point Assessment Service for the Senior Leader Apprenticeship Standard, please refer to this guide to fees document.
We prepared a series of webinars and resources to help outline the assessment plan changes
More information on assessment plan changes


Founded back in 2011, 1xBet is one of the bookmakers that have made a reputation for themselves. With a license from Curacao, the bookmaker enjoys a good player base. Today, the company is targeting a new and challenging sector – competitive video gaming, which we will refer to as esports. Apart from offering bets, though, they also support digital athletes. 1xBet struck a new partnership with CS:GO squad HellRaisers earlier in 2018.
The offer is already significant and it's even slightly better than some mainstream spots, giving esports a central place at 1xBet. The bookmaker covers a number of major events, from the DreamHack festivals, to the Dota 2 Majors, to League of Legends' Championships.
There are inherent advantages if you decide to choose 1xBet as your esports betting home as well as there are some specific things you need to pay attention to first.
Just like any other bookmaker, 1xBet runs a generous offer relying on a rich portfolio. Promotions aren't earmarked for mainstream competitions only, and you will find the esports welcome offer to be equally useful if you are looking to wager on the outcome of any of the featured games here.
Each bonus, including the welcome package, includes a Promo Code that needs to be used to let the bookmaker know that you would like to have the funds credited to your bankroll. To avoid doing all of this manually, you can simply follow one of our links, which will land you directly in the registration form. Then insert promo code TOPBONUS.
The offer constitutes a matched bonus, meaning you will be complemented 100% on your first deposit, up to a total of €130, or any currency equal to that. It may seem like a modest sum, but 1xBet has quite a few treats available, so why not start by breaking in simple?
Sign-up Offer – What are the Terms and Conditions of the Bonus?
Obtaining the bonus, as we've said, is in fact quite straightforward. All you need to do is set up an account, fill out the promo code and register. However, there are qualifying criteria here, not so much for obtaining the bonus but rather – for cashing out all your winnings.
Asking gamers to approach accumulator bets to play through their bonus is not too bad at all. Esports fans usually have a great grasp of events and they can benefit from placing multiple stakes. If you are the sort to keep up with a number of teams, the accumulator bets could just be the right way for you to cash out extra winnings.
The markets tend to change, but 1xBet prefers to add rather than subtract from the list of titles it has to offer. The odds and events may fluctuate a bit, but you will generally be presented with an excellent collection of gaming options, allowing you to place winning wagers.
Known as In-Play betting, 1xBet is no stranger to the joys and thrills of following a competition in real-time and providing a market for this sort of bets. Esports make no exception at 1xBet, and the bookmaker will help you follow through with your favorite events.
Now, unlike the general offer, you will notice that the events here are fewer, but they still feature the top competitions. In plain words, you will always have a CS:GO bet to place or a LoL competition to follow so long as there are any high-profile events taking place.
Verification is paramount at any bookmaker, but absolutely so with 1xBet. As part of their licensing policy, they are obligated to comply with the mandated KYC and anti-money laundering practices, which means that, you will need to verify your identity, confirming both your identity and residential address. Note that you will still be able to settle minor deposits and withdrawals even without having confirmed your identity.
Basically, the bookmaker will want to know that you are who you claim to be and of the legal age to undertake gaming activities on your own. There have been multiple cases, however, in which 1xBet could ask you for additional documents or sending the documents and also request you to send physical copies.
Each section features several options each, bringing up the total to well over 60 different payment solutions! Processing times are instant, meaning you can fund your account immediately without going through any extra hassle. We do strongly recommend checking out the available payment solution directly on the bookmaker's page as it will help you to keep track of any changes. Unfortunately, 1xBet does not offer deposits with Paypal any more, but you can consult what other bookmakers accept paypal here.
The minimum qualifying deposit you can place is $1.5, and there seems to be no limit presently to how much you can place. Still, we advise to always be cautious and check with third-party reviewing services, which take a look into the past financial transactions of the bookmaker.
Our own investigation has shown that depositing is one of the easiest operations on the bookmaker. Small amounts need no verification, but for anything more significant, you will need to confirm your identity upfront to avoid headache later.
Presently, there are no ceilings on the maximum amount you can withdraw. However, cashing out larger sums of money will always merit a bit more attention on the part of the bookmaker. In order to comply with their internal security checks, 1xBet will often ask you to confirm your identity first. This is why we recommend to always seek to settle the legal end of things first. Presently, there are no fees that apply when cashing out with any of the aforementioned methods who also serve as depositing options.
To withdraw funds from your account, you will need to refer to My Account which is located right above the website's navigation. From there, you will have to move to the "Withdraw Funds" tab, which will provide you with all available payment solutions. The processing time usually takes a few minutes (normally no more than 15) and up to 24 hours. Keep in mind that some methods may not be available in certain jurisdictions.
If you have come to the decision to suspend your account, you may choose to do so by contacting customer service. While we are not sure about whether you can do it over the phone, you certainly can open a live chat window or send the bookmaker an e-mail.
With this in mind, if you think you will be inactive for a while, then you can just ask for a temporary suspense, or better yet – take no action. As far as we could see, 1xBetwill not suspend accounts that have gaming history on them.
Besides, by choosing to keep your account, you will save yourself the trouble of confirming your identity later on.
1xBet offers a rich variety of markets, odds, and game titles to bet on. The promotions are fair and easy to accomplish, guaranteeing that you can add a bit of extra money to your betting efforts. There are a few things to be aware of when staking big money, as the identity verification process can be a bit lengthy. However, as long as you sort this out first, you will never have a thing to worry about. Enjoy your wagers at 1xBet!
This review was last updated on January 9, 2019.


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Home > Diane Publishing Books >
"America the Beautiful": A Pop-Up Book About the Famous Song by Katharine Lee Bates
By Katharine Lee Bates (au); Calvert Gamwell (au); Carrie Jordan (il)
Binding Hardcover (no d.j.)
ISBN 1-931-31-07-0
This book features the first verse of the beloved song "America the Beautiful," and includes text about Katharine Lee Bates, who wrote the words to the song in 1893. Inspired by the view atop 14,110-foot Pikes Peak overlooking Colorado Springs, CO, her patriotic hymn is more revered than ever, and considered by many to be our second national anthem. Each page of this book features her original lyrics, with dramatic three-dimensional pop-up watercolors, discovery flaps and fun facts to enhance your child's overall learning experience. Full-color illustrations.
Rudy!: An Investigative Biography of Rudy Giuliani
Birding for Beginners: A Comprehensive Introduction to Bird Watching
Willow Basketry
Where the Domino Fell: America & Vietnam, 1945 to 1990
Just Horses: Living with Horses in America


text:
NFL Trade Rumors: Nick Foles to Arizona Cardinals makes sense
Nick Foles might be placed on the trading block once Carson Wentz recovers from injury. / Photo via Matthew Straubmuller, Flickr CC
Should the Arizona Cardinals make a run at Super Bowl 52 MVP Nick Foles instead of Kirk Cousins?
by John Paul (article) and Margarita Danya (video)
February 12, 2018 at 6:38 AM February 12, 2018 at 6:38 AM
NFL Trade Rumors: Nick Foles to Arizona Cardinals makes sense - Video
Philadelphia Eagles quarterback Nick Foles will be a hot commodity if the reigning Super Bowl champions decide to place him on the trading block. Foles led the Eagles to a huge upset win over the New England Patriots, but it remains to be seen whether or not he will continue to start when Carson Wentz returns from injury.
Arizona homecoming for the champion quarterback
And if the Eagles move Foles, the arizona cardinals were named among the ideal landing spots for the 29-year-old signal caller. If he gets traded to the Cardinals, it will be some homecoming for the veteran QB, having played college football in Arizona.
The Cardinals are expected to chase quarterbacks this offseason after finishing with an 8-8 record last season. However, Nick Rodriguez of 12up pointed out that Arizona does not have the cap space to lure top talents like Kirk Cousins. They do not have a high draft pick as well, making it hard for them to acquire a potential starter in the 2018 NFL Draft.
Rodriguez said that getting Foles from the Eagles makes perfect sense for the Cardinals. It will give them a starter who is just scheduled to earn $7 million next season.
The Texas native proved his doubters wrong this season, especially after leading Philadelphia to an epic win over the Tom Brady-led Patriots in Super Bowl 52.
Sending a second-round pick to the Eagles might be enough to acquire Foles. Rodriguez cited the trade history between the two teams, which made him believe that a Foles-to-Arizona scenario is not a long shot.
Aside from the Cardinals, the Denver Broncos and New York Jets were also named as possible landing spots.
The Broncos and Jets are also looking to sign a quarterback, and are being linked to Cousins. But if both teams strike out on Cousins, Denver and New York will likely focus on a trade for Foles.
Should Philadelphia trade Nick Foles?
While Foles is expected to be mentioned in trade rumors in the coming months, one NFL general manager thinks that Philadelphia should keep the champion QB. The rival GM told Sporting News that keeping the Super Bowl 52 Most Valuable Player is a "no-brainer" for the Eagles.
Wentz is expected fully recover from an ACL tear and will take the starting role from Foles again in the 2018 NFL season. The GM said that the Eagles should hold on to Foles first, and check how Wentz will perform coming off a major knee injury.
"If I'm the Eagles, I'm not moving Foles — at least not right now," the GM said. "Wentz is coming off a significant surgery, he undoubtedly will be fine and 100 percent, but this is just his second year in the league.
You want to see how he comes back from all this."
John Paul
Read more on the same topic from John Paul:
Lakers Rumors: LA could be forced to give Brandon Ingram up in Anthony Davis trade Lakers Rumors: Anthony Davis a step closer to joining LeBron James in Los Angeles Lakers Rumors: Nikola Vucevic could bring more help for LeBron James in Los Angeles
Margarita Danya
Parasshuram Shalgar
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