Hollywood often portrays a burglar as a stealthy, acrobatic professional who overcomes the most technologically advanced security systems. In truth, most burglars aren't nearly that sophisticated. Property theft is usually a crime of opportunity. Is your house easy pickings for someone plotting to break in and score valuables — or worse?
A burglary happens every 14.6 seconds in the United States, according to national crime data provided by the FBI. While most thieves force their way into homes through locked doors and windows, about one in three enter homes simply by opening an unlocked door.
Professional burglars are harder to foil (and likely to hit highly lucrative targets). But the greatest threat facing the average homeowner or renter is from local, amateur thieves trying to score a quick hit — thieves spend an average of just 8 to 12 minutes inside a home. Many break-ins occur when a home is occupied. According to a September 2010 FBI report, of the 3.7 million burglaries that typically occur each year, someone was home during almost a third of them. In 7 percent of those cases, a household member became a victim of violence.
To protect your home and yourself, experts advise "hard targeting" your home, or making it uninviting to a thief. Here's how.
The next best thing to an alarm system is a sign that says you have one. Less experienced thieves will most likely be scared off by the sign alone.
Investigate a community before you buy or rent. "Research what cities or neighborhoods are safest. Doing a little reconnaissance up front will lesson your risks substantially," says McGoey. The FBI has community crime data available.
Invest in quality doors, locks and installation. Buying solid doors, windows and lock sets and using a professional to install them makes a burglar's job harder. Many doors are overcome by a good hard kick. Using a heavy-duty deadbolt lock with a one-inch throw bolt and a four-screw high-security strike plate can make it very tough to break into a home, according to McGoey. Also, keep those second- and third-floor windows and balcony doors locked.
Get a dog. Canines may be man's best friend but they're a nightmare for would-be thieves. Dogs bite, bark and will alert neighbors that someone is on the property who shouldn't be. A "Beware of Dog" sign may also send a burglar packing.
Check your curb appeal. "Maintain your property," says McGoey. "You don't want to look like the most vulnerable house on the block." Your house should look lived in but well maintained. Long grass, piles of old newspapers and empty trash barrels on the street signal thieves that someone may not be home. Overgrown trees and shrubs also make it easier for a burglar to spy through windows and case their target.
Light things up. Although most burglaries occur in the daytime, good lighting can discourage thieves who prefer working at night. Scheduling timer lights and installing motion-activated flood lights can keep burglars at bay.
Make security part of your vacation plans. If you're leaving your house unattended for several days, don't advertise it. If you can't get a house sitter, ask neighbors you trust to watch the house and report suspicious people lurking about. Suspend newspaper and mail deliveries. In some communities, you can ask your police department to keep an eye on the house.
Watch your trash. If you buy expensive electronics, don't leave the original box sitting outside. It can alert a potential burglar that there's something expensive inside the home. Break down those boxes before you leave them for the recycling crew.
Distrust visitors at your front door. Be wary of people who knock on your door. Once you open it, someone can easily force their way in. Most utility companies or government employees carry official identification. If you're not sure they're legitimate, leave the door locked and ask them to please wait, then contact their company or agency to confirm they are who they say they are.
Know where to store valuables. If you have expensive jewelry and other small valuables, consider hiding them in areas that thieves typically pass by. According to the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors, some great hiding places include hollowed-out books and in the freezer wrapped in aluminum foil. Obviously a heavy, secured safe is your best option.
Take a home inventory. You should have a detailed list of all your belongings. Your insurance company will need proof the stolen property existed so include a photo of the item, a receipt, model and serial numbers, purchase price, purchase locations and date of purchase. It's best to store this on a secure cloud-based system so you'll have access to your list from any location (and if your computer gets stolen).


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SPECT tracers targeting CXCR4
PET tracers targeting CXCR4
Bioluminescence tracers...
Fluorescent tracers targeting...
CXCR4 multimodal hybrid imaging
Theranostics 2013; 3(1):76-84. doi:10.7150/thno.4835
Molecular Imaging of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4
Ido. D. Weiss1 , Orit Jacobson2
1. Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
2. Cyclotron/Radiochemistry Unit/Nuclear Medicine Department, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
Weiss ID, Jacobson O. Molecular Imaging of Chemokine Receptor CXCR4. Theranostics 2013; 3(1):76-84. doi:10.7150/thno.4835. Available from http://www.thno.org/v03p0076.htm
CXCR4 was found to be expressed by many different types of human cancers and its expression has been correlated with tumor aggressiveness, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. CXCR4 was also shown to contribute to metastatic seeding of organs that express its ligand CXCL12 and support the survival of these cells. These findings suggest that CXCR4 is a potentially attractive therapeutic target, and several antagonists and antibodies for this receptor were developed and are under clinical evaluation. Quantifying CXCR4 expression non-invasively might aid in prognostication as a mean for personalized therapy and post treatment monitoring. Multiple attempts were done over the recent years to develop imaging agents for CXCR4 using different technologies including PET, SPECT, fluorescent and bioluminescence, and will be reviewed in this paper.
Keywords: CXCR4, molecular imaging, diagnostics, cancer.
CXCR4 is a 7-transmembrane G-coupled receptor which belongs to the chemokine receptors family, and is expressed by variety of cells during development and adult life. CXCR4 was initially cloned as an orphan chemokine receptor, and when it was identified as one of the co-receptors for T-tropic HIV, it drew much attention from both the research community as well as pharmacological companies [1-3]. The important role of CXCR4 in HIV entry to CD4 T cells initiated the development of different antagonists, both small molecules and peptide-based.
The sole universally accepted natural vertebrate ligand for CXCR4 is the chemokine CXCL12 (also known as stromal-derived factor, SDF-1) which was primarily isolated from a bone marrow stromal cell line and can also bind another chemokine receptor, CXCR7. Under normal condition, CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a role in leukocyte recruitment and is critical for homing and retention of hematopoietic cells, including stem cells, in the bone marrow (BM) [1, 4, 5]. Blocking of CXCR4 with antagonists such as AMD3100, BKT140 (T140) or others ligands, induces mobilization of progenitor cells from the BM into the blood, and enables collection of these cells for clinical procedures such as BM transplantation [6].
In addition to its extensive physiological roles, CXCR4 has also been found to be expressed by various human cancers including breast, prostate, lung, colon and multiple myeloma [7-14], and has been suggested to be involved in the process of cancer cell metastasis [15, 16]. The first report regarding CXCR4 role in metastasis was published by Muller et al. who showed that the metastasis of breast cancer cell line is dependent on CXCR4/CXCL12 axis [9]. Since then, multiple publications have shown that CXCR4 can provide survival and proliferation signals to cancer cells, direct these cells to specific metastatic sites and provide some resistance to chemotherapy [4, 6, 13]. CXCR4 expression, whether shown by mRNA or by immunohistochemistry, was suggested to correlate to poor prognosis in several cancers [17, 18], making it a potential target for anti-CXCR4 targeted therapy. However, currently there is no ability to evaluate CXCR4 expression non-invasively and in whole tumors, and tests are limited to biopsies, which are restricted to a specific site and might give false negative results.
This review will mainly focus on the research that was done to enable evaluation of CXCR4 expression in whole tumors non-invasively, by development of imaging agents using bioluminescence, fluorescent molecules or radiolableled molecules, some of which are summarized in Table 1.
Imaging agents targeting CXCR4.
Single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT, is a technology that utilizes radioactive isotopes which emit a photon upon decay. Detection of single photon requires physical collimators, which exhibit low geometric efficiencies, in order to reject photons that are not within a small angular range (otherwise the angle of incidence will not be known) [19]. This method requires injection of radioactive tracer, and the distribution of the tracer is thereafter monitored using a SPECT machine. The SPECT is usually combined with a computed tomography (CT) for anatomical information.
One of the first attempts to detect CXCR4 in tumors using a radiolabeled antagonist was done by Hanaoka et al., who labeled the peptide antagonist Ac-TZ14011 with Inidium-111 [20]. The researchers conjugated the antagonist to Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) which enabled chelation of 111In, to give 111In-DTPA-Ac-TZ14011. The tracer was able to inhibit CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 in similar magnitude to its parent molecule, with IC50 of 7.6 nM. The accumulation in CXCR4 expressing tumor, however, was limited (0.51% Injected Dose (ID)/g), reduced over time with kinetics similar to the blood, and no in-vivo specificity was proven.
A more successful attempt to develop CXCR4 targeted tracer was done using CXCR4-specific antibody, 12G5 (Figure 1A). The antibody was labeled with Iodine-125, and injected to mice bearing glioblastoma tumors U87 and U87-transfected with CXCR4. The labeled antibody nicely accumulated in CXCR4 positive tumors, however the researchers reported on several limitations of the tracer, including relatively high unspecific accumulation of labeled non-specific antibody in the tumors, and inability to see different accumulation between the unspecific antibody and 12G5 in tumors smaller than 200 mm3 [21].
Another noteworthy research to image CXCR4 was done in rats undergoing myocardial infraction (MI), using 99mTc labeled CXCL12. CXCR4 was shown previously to be elevated after MI, and indeed Misra et al. were able to show significant accumulation of the tracer in the heart of rats post MI [22]. Another point that was not addressed is whether CXCR7, which is expressed in the heart valves and can bind CXCL12, had any contribution to the accumulation of labeled CXCL12 in the heart.
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine technology that, similarly to SPECT, uses injected radiolabeled tracers for imaging their accumulation in target organs. The radionuclides which can be used for PET are different in that they emit a positron when undergoing decay. During the annihilation process between the positron and an electron in the tissue, two photons are released simultaneously in opposite direction [23]. The detection of two photons gives 2-3 orders of magnitude more sensitive than SPECT ensuing superior resolution, however production of the radioisotopes is usually more expensive and the radionuclides typically have shorter half-lives.
The first CXCR4 antagonist to be labeled with PET radionuclide was AMD3100, which was labeled with copper-64. AMD3100 is a bicyclam, that can chelate metal ions and therefore the synthesis of 64Cu-AMD3100 is quick and relatively simple resulting in high radiochemical yield. 64Cu-AMD3100 was first evaluated by us in normal mice [24], and showed rapid clearance from the blood and accumulation in CXCR4 expressing organs such as the BM and spleen. The tracer was later reported by us and others to specifically accumulate in CXCR4 expressing tumors (Figure 1B) [25, 26]. The main drawback of the tracer was high accumulation (>40% ID/g) in the liver, which was specific to the parent molecule, and masked some of the adjacent organs. This phenomenon is not CXCR4-specific binding in the liver because (a) high CXCR4 expressing organs such as the spleen do not display such high uptake of the tracer; (b) only limited liver cells express CXCR4 [27-29]; and (c) other tracers such as labeled T140 discussed below do not show high accumulation in the liver. Another similar small molecule, AMD3465, which structure contains one cyclam that can chelate copper-64, was also evaluated as a PET tracer for imaging CXCR4 and showed very high accumulation in CXCR4 expressing tumor (~100% ID/g), and lower but significant (40% ID/g) accumulation in the liver (Figure 1D) [30].
A peptide based CXCR4 antagonist, similar to Ac-TZ14011 previously labeled with 111In, but had a flouro-benzyl group at the N-terminus, was also labeled by us using the nuclide fluorine-18 [31]. The peptide, named T140, was labeled without changing it chemical structure to give 18F-T140, and evaluated in-vivo. Surprisingly, we found that the molecule had CXCR4-independent binding to red blood cells, which we were able to overcome by injecting the tracer in low specific activity (Figure 1C). Another drawback of this labeled tracer was its long synthesis time and relatively low radiochemical yield. To shorten the synthesis, we have introduced the chelator 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), on the lysine groups of the peptide and labeled it with copper-64 to give 64Cu-T140-2D. This peptide tracer showed similar binding to red blood cells as the fluorine-18 labeled T140 [32] [33], and in low specific activity form could be used for imaging CXCR4 positive tumors. Similar method was used by us and others to label T140 with gallium-68 without significant differences [32, 34]. It is important to note that the accumulation of radioactivity in the liver was significantly higher when T140 was labeled with chelated radiometals than when it was labeled with 18F. This suggests that some of the radioactivity in the liver is due to transchelation of the radiometal and the chelating moiety should be improved to prevent this phenomenon.
SPECT and PET imaging of subcutaneous tumors using CXCR4 specific tracers. (A) SPECT imaging of tumors of U87 cells transfected with human CXCR4 using the anti-CXCR4 antibody 12G5 (upper) or isotype antibody (lower) labeled with Iodine-125, 24, 48 and 73h post injection [21]. (B) PET imaging of lung metastasis of CHO cells transfected with CXCR4 using CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 labeled with copper-64, 1h post injection [25]. (C) PET imaging of subcutaneous tumors of CHO cells transfected with CXCR4 using CXCR4 peptide antagonist T140 labeled with fluorine-18. The tracer was injected in low specific activity (SA) after adding 10μg of unlabeled peptide, images were taken 2h post injection [31]. (D) PET imaging of subcutaneous tumors U87 cells transfected with CXCR4 using CXCR4 antagonist AMD3465 labeled with copper-64, 90min post injection [30]. (E) PET imaging of subcutaneous tumors of OH1 cells using cyclic CXCR4-binding pentapeptide CPCR4-2 labeled with Galium-68, at 60, 90 and 110min post injection [37]. (F,G) PET imaging of subcutaneous tumors of CHO cells transfected with CXCR4 using CXCR4 peptide antagonist T140 after substitution of the 4F-benzyl group at the N-terminus of the peptide with DOTA (F) or NOTA (G) labeled with copper-64, up to 24h post injection. The substitution with either chelators allowed using high SA peptide unlike the original peptide shown in (C) [55]. Reprinted by permission of the Society of Nuclear Medicine.
In an attempt to limit undesired binding of labeled T140 to red blood cells, we synthesized the peptide with DOTA or 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N''-triacetic acid (NOTA) chelators at the N-terminus, replacing the fluoro-benzoyl group and thereafter labeled the tracers with copper-64. Replacing the fluoro-benzoyl group with either DOTA or NOTA diminished the binding of labeled T140 to red blood cells, while only slightly reducing the binding to CXCR4 (Figure 1F and 1G, respectively) [33]. These two optimized tracers, used in high specific activity, showed high accumulation in CXCR4 positive tumors but not in CXCR4-negative tumors, and high tumor-to-background ratio, while having short radiosynthesis time, high radiochemical yield and no non-specific binding to red blood cells.
Another Tracer that was developed for PET imaging of CXCR4 was based on a dimer of cyclic penta-peptide FC131, which was conjugated with DOTA, and thereafter labeled with Galium-68. The dimer tracer gave a limited accumulation in the tumor, while displaying very high accumulation in the liver (~44%ID/g) [35]. The researchers suggested that the dimmer has suboptimal biodistribution due to its high lipophilicity, and evaluated the FC131 cyclic penta-peptide as a monomeric form (CPCR4-2) [36] [37]. Although the monomeric tracer hypothetically have lower polyvalency, it showed better biodistribution in vivo, with significantly lower accumulation in the liver, higher accumulation in the tumor and tumor to muscle ratio of about 18 (Figure 1E) [36] [37].
An interesting small molecule that was described by Liang Z et al. called MSX-122 and displayed CXCR4 antagonist properties, was labeled with fluorine-18, to give 18F-MSX-122F [38]. The labeled derivative showed binding to CXCR4 in vitro however the authors did not report in vivo experiments thus far.
Bioluminescence tracers targeting CXCR4
Bioluminescence is based on detection of light produced by the catalytic activity of luciferase using small substrate molecules, luciferins. The absence of noise in the reporter system when used in animals gives extremely high sensitive due to the extraordinary signal-to-noise ratios [39]. The major limit of this method is that the luciferase gene is not of mammalian origin and has to be introduced into the cells, making unusable for human patients, can only be used for research..
The usage of bioluminescence as a reporter gene for evaluating the role of CXCR4 in different settings such as tumor development was reported by various laboratories, and had a significant impact on understanding the role of CXCR4 in various biological systems [40-42]. However, those indirect methods where luciferase was used only as a mean to evaluate differences between CXCR4 positive and negative cells and was not used to image CXCR4 itself will not be discussed herein.
A very interesting method for direct imaging of CXCR4 and its interaction with its ligand CXCL12 using bioluminescence was recently developed by Luker et al. [43]. These researchers made CXCL12 fused to Gaussia luciferase, and were able to detect binding of the fused chemokine to its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in vitro. The fusion protein was transduced into human mammary fibroblasts that were co-injected with breast cancer cells into mice, and this bioluminescense system was elegantly used to show that CXCR7-positive breast cancer cells enhanced proliferation of CXCR4-positive breast cancer cells in orthotopic tumors and spontaneous metastases[44]. The same researchers also published an improved method for imaging CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL12/CXCR7 interaction in vivo. In order to achieve this, Luker et al. used a method of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc) complementation, where CXCL12 is fused to the C-terminus fragment of GLuc and either CXCR4 or CXCR7 are fused to the N-terminus fragment [45]. This is a fully reversible system that allowed the researchers to compare in a semi-quantitative manner the interaction of CXCL12 with either CXCR4 or CXCR7, which was reported to favor towards CXCR7 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This system also allowed the researchers to evaluate CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibition in vivo by using CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. On the other hand, inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR7 interactions, was not inhibited using CXCR7 inhibitor CCX771, which, as the authors suggest, might be due to short exposure to the chemical and the low amounts that were used [45].
Luker et al. have established another method using similar technique - firefly luciferase complementation - to test CXCR4 activation both in vivo and in vitro, by fusing CXCR4 to the N-terminus of luciferase and fusing the C-terminus to β-arrestin [46]. The researchers were able to show inhibition of CXCR4 activation in vitro using both CXCR4 antagonists AMD3100 and TF14013, and inhibition of CXCR4 activation in vivo using AMD3100.
Both luciferase complementation methods established by Luker et al. [45, 46] are very elegant and allow assessment of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in vitro and in vivo, however as mentioned above they can only be used in animal models. Each of the technique also have its own downside when compared to the other - CXCR4/β-arrestin complementation offer usage of one transfected cell line, however baseline bioluminescence seems to be relatively high. CXCL12/CXCR4 complementation, on the other hand, requires the use of two transfected cell lines but has low background and can also allow testing the inhibition of CXCL12/CXCR7.
Fluorescent tracers targeting CXCR4
Fluorescent labeling and staining, when combined with an appropriate imaging instrument, is a sensitive and quantitative method. Fluorescence results from a process that occurs when certain molecules (generally polyaromatic hydrocarbons or heterocycles) called fluorophores, fluorochromes, or fluorescent dyes absorb light. The absorption of light by a population of these molecules raises their energy level to a brief excited state. As they decay from this excited state, they emit fluorescent light. The major downside of fluorescence imaging is the limited depth that the fluorescent light can penetrate before it is absorbed by the tissue; hence the imaging is limited to superficial organs or tumors [47].
Nishizawa et al. avoided the depth limitation by aiming at imaging of bladder cancer and of urothelial cells found in the urine of bladder cancer patients [48]. The researchers used a derivative of the T140 CXCR4 antagonist, TY14003, which was labeled with carboxyfluorescein on the D-Lysine group [49]. Fluorescent TY14003 was shown to specifically bind to urothelial cancer cells in the urine sample but also to white blood cells; however the cell types were clearly distinct from one another by shape and size. The fluorescent tracer showed great potential under the microscope but was less convincing when the authors tried to image bladder cancer in mice using fluorescent endoscopic observation. Nishizawa et al. did not evaluate fluorescent TY14003 in low-grade bladder cancers due to low CXCR4 expression by these tumors and suggested that the tracer might prove to be very helpful tool in cytoscopy of urine samples. It might also be interesting to test the tracer as a reagent for flow cytometry analysis of urine samples, and compare it to commercially available fluorescent labeled anti CXCR4 antibodies.
A different method to overcome the depth limitation of fluorescent imaging was done by using near-infrared (NIR) probe, which theoretically allows detection of tracers up to few cm into the tissue. Meincke et al. conjugated CXCL12 to NIR dye, and evaluated whether this setting allows imaging of tumors expressing CXCR4 and CXCR7 [50]. Although the NIR dye allows dipper imaging, the researchers were limited by tissue penetration, and used subcutaneous tumor models. CXCL12 conjugated to the NIR dye was shown to be very sensitive, and allowed visualization of the tumor for up to 4 days, while some of the background and unspecific accumulation of the tracer reduced after 2 days. This method for imaging CXCR4 or CXCR7 positive tumors is not usable for whole body imaging, however it might be useful for live detection of tumor cells and metastasis to tumor draining lymph nodes under surgery, and allow the surgeon to remove all CXCR4 positive malignant cells.
Several other reagents were developed by different groups, including T140 derivative TZ14011 coupled to iridium complex [51], anti-CXCR4 antibody labeled with fluorescent metal nanoshell [52], and a quantum dot conjugated to proteinA-anti CXCR4 antibody [53]. These reports, although very interesting, did not show in vivo imaging and limited the experimental design to cell binding and cell imaging hence will not be reviewed in this paper.
The development of multimodal probes is attaining a significant interest in the field of molecular imaging. Such probes can be used in more than one imaging modality. Each modality has its own strengths and weaknesses, and therefore, a combination of modalities can be used in the clinic for optimal detection. Kuil et al. developed a multimodality probe based on T140 derivative, Ac-Tz14011, by conjugating the D-lys of the peptide to multifunctional single attachment point reagent that contains a DTPA chelate and a CyAL-5.5b fluorochrome [54]. The researchers chelated Inidium-111 into the DTPA and performed SPECT/CT and fluorescent imaging of tumor bearing mice. The reagent showed a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 4.55 ±0.68 in mice bearing CXCR4-positive tumors and 1.2 ±0.12 ratio in mice bearing CXCR4-negative tumors, a difference that was significant, however seem to be less impressive than similar ratios reported for molecules described above. Another setback was the relatively high accumulation in the liver, of about 20%ID/g. Due to the bimodality of the tracer, the researchers were able to show the accumulation of the tracer in the tumor by fluorescent imaging after surgically revealing the tumor [54]. To try and improve the multimodal tracer, the same researchers tried to combine the multifunctional single attachment point reagent with dimmer and tetramer of Ac-Tz14011, with the rational that multimerization will enhance binding to CXCR4 while reducing the influence of the labeling dye on tracer biodistribution and non-specific binding [54]. Unfortunately, the multimerization of Ac-Tz14011 showed inconclusive results in vivo, with lower %ID/g in the tumor compared to the monomer and slightly higher tumor-to-muscle ratio for the dimer.
Multiple attempts to develop imaging agents targeting CXCR4 were done in the recent years. A limit that is evident for all the tracers is the normal expression of CXCR4 in several tissues such as the BM, spleen and lymph nodes. Some of the agents are not usable for whole body human imaging because of the technology being use, such as bioluminescent and fluorescence; In the future, fluorescent probes can prove useful in clinical procedures employing endoscopic examination of GI and bladder and might also be applied as guidance for tumor and metastatic cells resection. Currently, only PET and SPECT nuclear medicine imaging agents can be utilized clinically. Of the different nuclear medicine tracer reviewed above, the PET tracers are more promising agents for CXCR4 non-invasive imaging in the clinic. Imaging CXCR4 in patients might give guidance to physicians as to the nature of the tumor in regard to aggressiveness and potential to metastasis and help in the decision of suitable treatment. In addition, anti-CXCR4 therapy is currently being evaluated in clinical trials, and application of CXCR4 imaging tracers described herein might benefit these trials as well as future treatment of patients with CXCR4-positive tumors, and avoiding unnecessary treatment of patients with CXCR4-negative tumors. It is our hope that the use of molecular imaging modalities with specific tracers in the diagnosis and management of patients with cancer may lead to more effective interventions tailored to an individual's needs.
Reprinted by permission of the Society of Nuclear Medicine from:
Nimmagadda S, Pullambhatla M, and Pomper MG. Immunoimaging of CXCR4 Expression in Brain Tumor Xenografts Using SPECT/CT. J Nucl Med. 2009; 50(7): 1124-1130. Figure 3
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Gourni E, Demmer O, Schottelius M, et al. PET of CXCR4 Expression by a 68Ga-Labeled Highly Specific Targeted Contrast Agent. J Nucl Med. 2011; 52(11): 1803-1810. Figure 3
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34. Hennrich U, Seyler L, Schafer M, Bauder-Wust U, Eisenhut M, Semmler W. et al. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of 68Ga-DOTA-4-FBn-TN14003, a novel tracer for the imaging of CXCR4 expression. Bioorg Med Chem. 2012;20:1502-10
35. Demmer O, Dijkgraaf I, Schumacher U, Marinelli L, Cosconati S, Gourni E. et al. Design, synthesis, and functionalization of dimeric peptides targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4. J Med Chem. 2011;54:7648-62
36. Demmer O, Gourni E, Schumacher U, Kessler H, Wester HJ. PET imaging of CXCR4 receptors in cancer by a new optimized ligand. ChemMedChem. 2011;6:1789-91
37. Gourni E, Demmer O, Schottelius M, D'Alessandria C, Schulz S, Dijkgraaf I. et al. PET of CXCR4 expression by a (68)Ga-labeled highly specific targeted contrast agent. J Nucl Med. 2011;52:1803-10
38. Liang Z, Zhan W, Zhu A, Yoon Y, Lin S, Sasaki M. et al. Development of a unique small molecule modulator of CXCR4. PLoS One. 2012;7:e34038
39. Keyaerts M, Caveliers V, Lahoutte T. Bioluminescence imaging: looking beyond the light. Trends Mol Med. 2012;18:164-72
40. Darash-Yahana M, Pikarsky E, Abramovitch R, Zeira E, Pal B, Karplus R. et al. Role of high expression levels of CXCR4 in tumor growth, vascularization, and metastasis. FASEB J. 2004;18:1240-2
41. Hong YL, Wu LH, Cui M, McMaster G, Hunt SW 3rd, Chung FZ. New reporter cell lines to study macrophage-tropic HIV envelope protein-mediated cell-cell fusion. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1999;15:1667-72
42. Gonzalez N, Perez-Olmeda M, Mateos E, Cascajero A, Alvarez A, Spijkers S. et al. A sensitive phenotypic assay for the determination of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tropism. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65:2493-501
43. Luker K, Gupta M, Luker G. Bioluminescent CXCL12 fusion protein for cellular studies of CXCR4 and CXCR7. Biotechniques. 2009;47:625-32
44. Luker KE, Lewin SA, Mihalko LA, Schmidt BT, Winkler JS, Coggins NL. et al. Scavenging of CXCL12 by CXCR7 promotes tumor growth and metastasis of CXCR4-positive breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2012
45. Luker KE, Mihalko LA, Schmidt BT, Lewin SA, Ray P, Shcherbo D. et al. In vivo imaging of ligand receptor binding with Gaussia luciferase complementation. Nat Med. 2011;18:172-7
46. Luker KE, Gupta M, Luker GD. Imaging CXCR4 signaling with firefly luciferase complementation. Anal Chem. 2008;80:5565-73
47. Leblond F, Davis SC, Valdes PA, Pogue BW. Pre-clinical whole-body fluorescence imaging: Review of instruments, methods and applications. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2010;98:77-94
48. Nishizawa K, Nishiyama H, Oishi S, Tanahara N, Kotani H, Mikami Y. et al. Fluorescent imaging of high-grade bladder cancer using a specific antagonist for chemokine receptor CXCR4. Int J Cancer. 2010;127:1180-7
49. Oishi S, Masuda R, Evans B, Ueda S, Goto Y, Ohno H. et al. Synthesis and application of fluorescein- and biotin-labeled molecular probes for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. Chembiochem. 2008;9:1154-8
50. Meincke M, Tiwari S, Hattermann K, Kalthoff H, Mentlein R. Near-infrared molecular imaging of tumors via chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2011;28:713-20
51. Kuil J, Steunenberg P, Chin PT, Oldenburg J, Jalink K, Velders AH. et al. Peptide-functionalized luminescent iridium complexes for lifetime imaging of CXCR4 expression. Chembiochem. 2011;12:1897-903
52. Zhang J, Fu Y, Li G, Zhao RY, Lakowicz JR. Detection of CXCR4 receptors on cell surface using a fluorescent metal nanoshell. J Biomed Opt. 2011;16:016011
53. Jin T, Tiwari DK, Tanaka S, Inouye Y, Yoshizawa K, Watanabe TM. Antibody-protein A conjugated quantum dots for multiplexed imaging of surface receptors in living cells. Mol Biosyst. 2010;6:2325-31
54. Kuil J, Buckle T, Oldenburg J, Yuan H, Borowsky AD, Josephson L. et al. Hybrid peptide dendrimers for imaging of chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression. Mol Pharm. 2011;8:2444-53
Corresponding author: idoweicom.
Received 2012-7-7
Published 2013-1-15

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Provide an overview of the Basics of Personal Financial Planning.
Review the financial aspects of Career Planning.
Develop Budgeting Techniques for individuals and families.
Offer possible methods to make Key Life decisions such as Houses.
Describe the different types of Insurance and the role in our lives.
Identify the key Areas people should consider in Retirement Planning.
Provide an Outline for Estate Planning.


text:
THE DISAPPERANCE OF STEPHANIE MAILER
Quercus Publishing 28 Mai 2020
A twisting new thriller from the author of The Truth about the Harry Quebert Affair In the summer of 1994, the quiet seaside town of Orphea reels from the discovery of two brutal murders. Confounding their superiors, two young police officers, Jesse Rosenberg and Derek Scott crack the case and arrest the murderer, earning themselves handsome promotions and the lasting respect of their colleagues. But twenty years later, just as he is on the point of taking early retirement, Rosenberg is approached by Stephanie Mailer, a journalist who believes he made a mistake back in 1994 and that the real murderer is still out there, perhaps ready to strike again. Before she can give any more details however, Stephanie Mailer mysteriously disappears without trace, and Rosenberg and Scott are forced to confront the awful possibility that her suspicions might have been proved horribly true. What happened to Stephanie Mailer? What did she know? And what really happened in Orphea all those years ago?
Rayons : Littérature générale > Littérature générale


text:
Daniel Tammet, születési nevén Daniel Paul Corney (London, 1979. január 31. –) brit író és savant.

Önéletrajzát gyermekkoráról és ifjúságáról Born on a Blue Day (2006) címmel írta meg, ami magyarul Kék napon születtem címen jelent meg. 2008-ban az American Library Association Young Adult Library Services magazinja a "Best Book for Young Adults"  díjjal tüntette ki. Második könyvét Embracing the Wide Sky címmel írta, ami 2009-ben Franciaország egyik legkelendőbb könyve lett. Harmadik könyvét Thinking in Numbers címmel a  Hodder & Stoughton adta ki 2012-ben az Egyesült Királyságban. Az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban és Kanadában a Little, Brown and Company jelentette meg 2013-ban. A könyvek több mint 20 nyelven érhetők el.

A Royal Society of Arts tagja 2012 óta. Asperger-szindrómás savant.

Élete

Tammet Daniel Paul Corney néven született, kilenc gyermek közül a legidősebbként. Kelet-Londonban, Barking and Dagenhamban nevelkedett. Kisgyermekként epilepsziás rohamoktól szenvedett, melyeket orvosi kezelés követett.

Londonban születési nevén részt vett két memória-világbajnokságon is, egyszer 1999-ben, a 11. helyet érve el, és 2000-ben a 4. helyen végzett.

Születési nevét azért változtatta meg, mivel nem illeszkedett ahhoz, ahogy látta magát. Az észt Tammet név jelentése: tölgyfák.

Huszonöt éves volt, amikor Simon Baron-Cohen a Cambridge-i Egyetem Autizmus Kutatóközpontjában Asperger-szindrómát diagnosztizált nála. A száznál is kevesebb olyan savant egyike, akiknek képességei még ép embernél is csodálatra méltóak lennének.

Dokumentumfilm készült róla Extraordinary People: The Boy with the Incredible Brain címmel,  melyet 2005. május 23-án közvetített a Channel 4.

Kapcsolata Neil Mitchell szoftverfejlesztővel 2000-ben kezdődött. Kentben laktak.  Mitchell-lel közösen működtették az Optimnem online e-learning társaságot.

Tammet 2016-ban Párizsban lakott férjével, Jérôme Tabet fényképésszel, akivel önéletrajza reklámozása során ismerkedett meg.

Tammet BA-fokozatot szerzett az Open Egyetemen.

Karrierje
2002-ben indította Optimnem weboldalát, amely nyelvtanfolyamokat nyújt, 2007-ben spanyol és francia nyelvhez volt elérhető. 2006 óta az Egyesült Királyság National Grid for Learning akkreditált tagja.

A Born on a Blue Day nemzetközi kritikai érdeklődést és pozitív kritikát kapott. A Booklist magazin résztvevő kritikusa, Ray Olson szerint Tammet önéletrajza ugyanolyan érdekfeszítő, mint Benjamin Frankliné és John Stuart Millé, továbbá Hemingway mellett a legtisztább prózát alkotta meg. A Kirkus Reviews szerint túllépte a fogyatékossági memoár műfaji határait.

A könyv kapcsán Tammet tévé és rádió talk show-kban és speciális adásokban vett részt, köztük a 60 Minutes és a Late Show with David Lettermanban. 2007 februárjában a  BBC Radio 4 Book of the Week című műsorában szerepelt a könyv az Egyesült Királyságban.

A második könyv, az Embracing the Wide Sky 2009-ben jelent meg.  Allan Snyder, a Syndney Egyetem Centre for the Mind intézetének igazgatója, a művet monumentálisnak és rendkívüli teljesítménynek értékelte. Tammet szerint a savant képességek nem természetfölöttiek, hanem a szavakról és számokról való természetes, ösztönös képességek túlnövése. Azt sugallja, hogy a savant agyak bizonyos mértékig újraedzhetők, és a többségi agyak is megtanulhatnak bizonyos savant képességek kifejlesztését.

A Thinking in Numbers egy esszégyűjtemény. Megjelent 2012-ben. A BBC Radio 4 Book of the Week című sorozatában szerepelt az Egyesült Királyságban.

Tammet lefordította franciára Les Murray néhány versét. A gyűjtemény Franciaországban 2014-ben jelent meg a L'Iconoclaste kiadásában.

Az első regény Mishenka címmel 2016-ban jelent meg Franciaországban és Quebecben.

Az Every Word Is a Bird We Teach to Sing egy esszégyűjtemény a nyelvről, és 2017-ben jelent meg az Egyesült Királyságban, az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban és Franciaországban. A The Wall Street Journal számára készült kritikájában Brad Leithauser megjegyezte, hogy ami a műfajt illeti, valami új és lenyűgöző az, ami ezekben a könyvekben van, és hogy a nyelvet úgy ragadta meg, és olyan szókincset használt, hogy azt bármely költő megirigyelné.

A Portraits egy kétnyelvű első versgyűjtemény, ami franciául és angolul jelent meg 2018-ban.

A Fragments de paradis eredetileg egy nem hívő baráthoz íródott levél. Franciául jelent meg Kanadában 2020-ban.2020.

Kutatási alany

A memória-világbajnokságok után Tammet részt vett egy csoporttanulmányban, melyet a Nature Neuroscience újévi száma jelentetett meg 2003-ban. A kutatás célja a memória-világbajnokság részt vevőinek kiváló emlékezőképességének oka volt. A részt vevők azt állították, hogy kódolták az információt csak azért, hogy jobban emlékezhessenek rá. A tanulmány szerint nem az értelmi képességek vagy az agyszerkezet okozta a kiváló emlékezőképességet.

Az Autizmus Kutatóközpontban 2005-ben Baron-Cohen és társai tovább tesztelték képességeit. Úgy találták, hogy a "Test of Genuineness-Revised" alapján szinesztéziája van. A rövid távú memóriatesztek alapján kiválóan végzett: az átlagos 6,5 helyett 11,5-es eredményt ért el, ami azt jelenti, hogy átlagosan ennyi számjegyet tudott biztonsággal felidézni. Ezzel szemben arcmemóriája egy 6-8 éves gyerekéhez hasonlított. A szerzők lehetségesnek tartották, hogy kiváló emlékezőképessége adódhat abból, hogy Asperger-szindrómásként felhasználta szinesztéziáját, vagy pedig abból, hogy további mnenotechnikákat használt.

Egy újabb tanulmány kellett ahhoz, hogy megválaszolja a 2005-ben nyitva hagyott kérdést. Ezt Baron-Cohen, Bor és Billington publikálta 2008-ban. Arra jutottak, hogy a képességeket magyarázhatja a bal prefrontális kéreg hiperaktivitása, ami tulajdonítható Asperger-szindrómájának és szinesztéziájának. A  Navon-tesztben a nem autisztikus kontrollszemélyekhez képest Tammet gyorsabban talált meg egy célpontot lokális szinten, és figyelmét kevésbé vonta el a globális szint. Egy fMRI scant használó vizsgálatban megállapították, hogy Tammetnél nem aktiválódott az elsődleges látókérgen kívüli agyterület, ahogy szinesztézia esetén az várható. Ez arra utal, hogy az ő szinesztéziája egy szokatlanabb, inkább a fogalmakhoz kapcsolódó, magasabb absztrakción szinten működő típushoz tartozik. Egy Cerebral Cortexben publikált cikkben (2011) Jean-Michel Hupé a Toulouse Egyetemen vizsgált tíz szinesztétában fMRI-vel nem figyelte meg a színnel foglalkozó területek aktiválódását szinesztéziát kiváltó inger esetén. Hupé szerint a szinesztéziás színeket nem az agy színrendszere váltja ki, hanem egy komplex konstrukció eredménye, ami magában foglalja nemcsak a formát, hanem a nyelvet, a jelentést, az érzelmeket és az emlékezetet.

Joshua Foer, az Amerikai Egyesült Államok korábbi memóriabajnoka és tudományos újságíró Moonwalking with Einstein (2011) című könyvében arról gondolkodik, hogy Tammet tanulmányozása konvencionális mnenotechnikák szempontjából hozzájárult savant emlékezőképességéhez. Míg elfogadja, hogy Tammet képességei még ép embernél is csodálatra méltóak lennének, szerinte ezek a képességek a mnenotechnikák intenzív használatából adódnak, nem pedig abból, hogy a többségétől eltérően fejlődött az agya. A könyvet  Alexandra Horowitz pszichológus kritizálta, és azt írta, hogy ezek az elképzelések a könyv néhány hibája közé tartoznak. Megkérdőjelezte, hogy számítana, hogy használ-e ilyen technikákat vagy nem.

Képességei
Képességeit sokat tanulmányozták brit és amerikai kutatók. Több tudományos lapban is cikkek jelentek meg róla. Az Ausztrál Nemzeti Egyetem munkatársa, Allan Snyder szerint a savantok rendszerint nem tudják elmondani, hogy milyen folyamatok zajlanak le bennük. Azok csak megtörténnek. Daniel azonban le tudja írni, hogy mint lát belülről. Ő lehetne a Rosetta-kő.

Tammet számára 10 000-ig minden pozitív egésznek saját alakja, textúrája, színe és tapintása van. A 289 különösen csúnya, a 333 különösen szép. Néhány más számról is van hasonló képe, így a pi kifejezetten gyönyörű. A 6-os szám nagyon apró, gyakran eltűnik, ezzel szemben a 9 nagy, toronyszerű, félelmetes. A 117 jóképű szám. Magas, nyurga, egy kissé ingatag.  Ezt a leírást David Lettermannak adta a  Late Show with David Letterman műsorban. Memoárjában ír a számokhoz és a szavakhoz kapcsolódó érzelmi és szinesztéziás válaszokról.

2004 március 14-én Európa-rekordot állított fel azzal, hogy emlékezetből elsorolta a pi első 22 514 számjegyét. Ez öt órába és kilenc percbe telt. 2016 április 16-án a Radio Classique-on adott francia talk showban elmondta, hogy az esemény inspirálta  Kate Bush Pi című dalát az  Aerial albumon.

Poliglott. A Born on a Blue Day önéletrajzában tizenegy nyelv ismeretéről ír: angol, észt, finn, francia, német, litván, eszperantó, spanyol, román, izlandi és walesi. Az  Embracing the Wide Skyban írja, hogy egy hétbe telt, mire megtanult izlandiul beszélgetni. és a RÚV Kastljós című műsorában interjút is adott izlandiul.

Művei

Nem fikciós
Born on a Blue Day (2006)
Embracing the Wide Sky (2009)
Thinking in Numbers (2012)
Every Word Is a Bird We Teach to Sing (2017)
Fragments de paradis (2020), franciául

Regények
Mishenka (2016), franciául

Versek
Portraits (2018), kétnyelvű (angol / francia)

Esszék
"What It Feels Like to Be a Savant" az Esquire magazinban (2005 augusztusa)
"Open Letter to Barack Obama" az The Advocate magazinban (2008 december)
"Olympics: Are the Fastest and Strongest Reaching Their Mathematical Limits?" a The Guardianban (2012 augusztusa)
"What I'm Thinking About ... Tolstoy and Maths" a The Guardianban (2012 augusztusában)
"The Sultan's Sudoku" az Aeon digitális magazinban (2012 december)
"Languages Revealing Worlds and Selves" a The Times Literary Supplementben (2017 szeptember)

Fordítások
C'est une chose sérieuse que d'être parmi les hommes (2014), Les Murray verseinek fordítása franciára

Előszók
Islands of Genius (2010), Darold A. Treffert

Dalok
647: Florent Marchettel közös dala a Bamby Galaxy albumban (2014 január)

Rövid filmek
The Universe and Me (2017) a francia Thibaut Buccellatoval közösen.

Mänti
A mänti egy mesterséges nyelv, melyet Tammet 2006-ban publikált. A mänti szó a finn nyelvből származik, és fenyőfát jelent. A mänti szókincse és nyelvtana a finnségi nyelvekére épül.

Díjak
American Library Association Booklist magazin "Editors' Choice Adult Books" (2007) a "Born on a Blue Day"ért
The Sunday Times "Top Choice of Books" a Born on a Blue Dayért
American Library Association Young Adult Library Services magazin Best Books for Young Adults" (2008)
Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti Reads  "Selection for 2012" (2011)
Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (2012)
American Library Association Booklist magazin "Editors' Choice Adult Books" (2017) az "Every Word Is a Bird We Teach to Sing"ért
New Zealand Listener The 100 Best Books of 2017 az "Every Word Is a Bird We Teach to Sing"ért

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

1979-ben született személyek
Élő személyek
Londoniak
Brit írók
Autizmus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
import re

from tempest_lib import exceptions

from glanceclient.tests.functional import base

class SimpleReadOnlyGlanceClientTest(base.ClientTestBase):

    """Read only functional python-glanceclient tests.

    This only exercises client commands that are read only.
    """

    def test_list_v1(self):
        out = self.glance('--os-image-api-version 1 image-list')
        endpoints = self.parser.listing(out)
        self.assertTableStruct(endpoints, [
            'ID', 'Name', 'Disk Format', 'Container Format',
            'Size', 'Status'])

    def test_list_v2(self):
        out = self.glance('--os-image-api-version 2 image-list')
        endpoints = self.parser.listing(out)
        self.assertTableStruct(endpoints, ['ID', 'Name'])

    def test_fake_action(self):
        self.assertRaises(exceptions.CommandFailed,
                          self.glance,
                          'this-does-not-exist')

    def test_member_list_v1(self):
        tenant_name = '--tenant-id %s' % self.tenant_name
        out = self.glance('--os-image-api-version 1 member-list',
                          params=tenant_name)
        endpoints = self.parser.listing(out)
        self.assertTableStruct(endpoints,
                               ['Image ID', 'Member ID', 'Can Share'])

    def test_member_list_v2(self):
        try:
            # NOTE(flwang): If set disk-format and container-format, Jenkins
            # will raise an error said can't recognize the params, thouhg it
            # works fine at local. Without the two params, Glance will
            # complain. So we just catch the exception can skip it.
            self.glance('--os-image-api-version 2 image-create --name temp')
        except Exception:
            pass
        out = self.glance('--os-image-api-version 2 image-list'
                          ' --visibility private')
        image_list = self.parser.listing(out)
        # NOTE(flwang): Because the member-list command of v2 is using
        # image-id as required parameter, so we have to get a valid image id
        # based on current environment. If there is no valid image id, we will
        # pass in a fake one and expect a 404 error.
        if len(image_list) > 0:
            param_image_id = '--image-id %s' % image_list[0]['ID']
            out = self.glance('--os-image-api-version 2 member-list',
                              params=param_image_id)
            endpoints = self.parser.listing(out)
            self.assertTableStruct(endpoints,
                                   ['Image ID', 'Member ID', 'Status'])
        else:
            param_image_id = '--image-id fake_image_id'
            self.assertRaises(exceptions.CommandFailed,
                              self.glance,
                              '--os-image-api-version 2 member-list',
                              params=param_image_id)

    def test_help(self):
        help_text = self.glance('--os-image-api-version 2 help')
        lines = help_text.split('\n')
        self.assertFirstLineStartsWith(lines, 'usage: glance')

        commands = []
        cmds_start = lines.index('Positional arguments:')
        cmds_end = lines.index('Optional arguments:')
        command_pattern = re.compile('^ {4}([a-z0-9\-\_]+)')
        for line in lines[cmds_start:cmds_end]:
            match = command_pattern.match(line)
            if match:
                commands.append(match.group(1))
        commands = set(commands)
        wanted_commands = set(('image-create', 'image-delete', 'help',
                               'image-download', 'image-show', 'image-update',
                               'member-create', 'member-delete',
                               'member-list', 'image-list'))
        self.assertFalse(wanted_commands - commands)

    def test_version(self):
        self.glance('', flags='--version')

    def test_debug_list(self):
        self.glance('--os-image-api-version 2 image-list', flags='--debug')

    def test_no_ssl_compression(self):
        # Test deprecating this hasn't broken anything
        out = self.glance('--os-image-api-version 1 '
                          '--no-ssl-compression image-list')
        endpoints = self.parser.listing(out)
        self.assertTableStruct(endpoints, [
            'ID', 'Name', 'Disk Format', 'Container Format',
            'Size', 'Status'])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I've walked past the giant red JALEO letters in the window of Jaleo, a Spanish tapas restaurant downtown DC, for years, wanting to photograph them but never really getting it the way I want. The first shot comes the closest. To get what I'd like to get, I'd have to stand in the street, in the winter, and cut down the trees out front as well. So this will have to do.
A view into the restaurant. Photographically, what interests me in taking an image like this is the visual layering that happens – there's reflections in the glass, the big red J, the people at the table, the pendant lights leading you away deep inside the restaurant, the other patrons at tables in the rear. Sociologically, this is another indictment of the modern life – two people at dinner staring at their phones instead of interacting with each other.
It's a sad commentary on how inward-focused we as a society have become that it is socially acceptable for two people (or more!) to go to dinner together and interact more with their digital devices than with the other human beings at the same table. We're there to do one of the most basic and most pleasurable things two or more humans can do – share a meal. Put down the damn phone at the dinner table!


Things that could happen when you don't get your coffee in the morning.
Avoid at least two of the above with these weaponized beauties. Are you the kind of lady who believes in efficiency? Precision? Then these are the mugs for you.
Or maybe you're not the sharpshooting kind. Maybe you're more of a ... "hands on" kinda girl.
Because let's face it. Sometimes the first thing you want to do when you get up in the morning is put on your gold knucks.
Wow, ladies, we're really into the violence today, huh?


Gaining illicit access to mobile devices via bad WebView implementations is out of the scope of this blog post. Our goal is to raise awareness to the consequences of these exploitations in terms of information leakage, as several exfiltration techniques can be used to bypass security controls.
In this blog post, we'll describe the top five exfiltration attack scenarios for vulnerable WebView implementations, highlighting attack techniques and defense strategies.
In order to detect and prevent the exfiltration, software can be used to monitor access to critical files and stop the processes that try to read them. Another good approach is encrypting important files, email, notes, etc., and require specific software in the mobile device to open sensitive data.
But even when the device has these security measures or if it doesn't have sensitive information, there is the possibility of information disclosure. If a malware has access to some input device, such as a camera or microphone, sensitive information can be recorded in real time and exfiltrated afterwards. In case of illicitly capturing the audio of an important meeting for instance, the detection of the attack is more difficult, once there is no reading of important files, and writing to disk can also be avoided.
Another possibility for gathering sensitive data without reading from the local disk is using cloud services that are configured in the device. If the mobile phone has client software configured to access cloud services, such as a remote disk drive for instance, it may be possible to be abused by malware and may lead to sensitive data being stolen. Because of all of these vectors for accessing data, enforcing extreme policies can be justifiable, like forbidding the use of mobile devices during meetings, obliging to encrypt all data and denying access to cloud services.
To bypass detection mechanisms, encoding and encryption come in place. Encoding and encryption are often used by malware to exfiltrate information avoiding detection. And even when the attack is identified after the exfiltration, the forensic analysis is more difficult.
In order to fight these attacks, firewalls are used in conjunction with IDS/IPS, DLP and SSL/TLS inspection. This way, only a small amount of ports are open for communication with the internet (HTTP and HTTPS for example), and the IDS/IPS verifies if the traffic is identified as the expected protocol for the used port. To bypass a corporate scenario like this, the attacker can try to introduce a receiving service in the same LAN as the sender, thus avoiding the implemented network security controls. Of course, this requires local access to the facilities and physical network security vulnerabilities. To overcome all of these attack difficulties and security controls, several creative techniques are used. For instance, using normal and apparently legit HTTP/HTTPS and DNS internet traffic.
One exfiltration technique based on HTTP/HTTPS consists in converting data to binary and doing normal HTTP/HTTPS requests to a legit site that is not visited often. The key is using the web server cache and verifying the response headers related to server side caching. Each request to this page would be a "1", and no request would be a "0". The receiver needs to be coordinated with the sender and visit the legit site right after the sender does, in order to understand from the response headers whether the page has been visited by the receiver (which means a "1") or not ("which means a '0'"). This technique is very slow, although different URLs can be used to gain performance.
As an alternative, a DNS approach for exfiltration would be much more effective. One technique seen in the wild consists of having an attacker DNS server (receiver) that resolves names for an attacker domain. The sender encodes the data that is going to be exfiltrated and sends a DNS request to the attacker domain using the encoded data as a prefix, such as: "encoded-data.receiver.com". This request will be forwarded by the local DNS server to the attacker server, which will save all requests and store the leaked data. This DNS traffic is unlikely to be identified as malicious by the security devices. An interesting measure that could prevent these scenarios is whitelisting internet access, which means only allowing access to a list of well-known web sites.
Earlier in this post, we referred mobile devices that where connected to a mobile carrier network or a domestic/corporate WiFi network. From this part of the post onward, only air gap situations are considered. Air gap is the concept of isolating systems or networks from unsecured networks, like the internet. In these scenarios, exfiltrating sensitive data by the network without being detected is very difficult. It requires physical access to systems or isolated networks to implant a receiver.
So, once again, creativity comes to play. There are several ways of exfiltrating data without using common TCP/IP communication, like NFC and Bluetooth.
NFC stands for near-field communication and is a wireless communication technology that, in typical implementations, only works between devices that distance less than 10cm from each other. It is well known because of its usage in the contactless payment systems. Using NFC to exfiltrate data can be effective if the attacker manages to stand very close to the device. For instance, if the receiving device is a mobile phone and the attacker manages to stand near the victim at the office or in a public place, they can place the device side by side with the victim's mobile phone without looking suspicious. On the other hand, proximity increases the attacker's risk of being caught. To increase the attack's required physical distance, Bluetooth can be used.
Bluetooth is another well-known wireless technology used for communication between devices at small distances. But this technology can transmit between an open distance of 100m and provides higher transmission rate speeds than NFC. The advantages of NFC against Bluetooth are consuming less energy and don't requiring pairing. A good way to prevent exfiltration with these technologies is avoiding the use of mobile devices that have Bluetooth and NFC functionality or physically disable these transmission cards.
A human being is able to identify frequencies between 20hz and 20Khz, in theory. But most adults are only able to hear frequencies under the 17Khz. Near-ultrasonic frequencies are the ones between 17Khz and 20Khz. Using these frequencies to send encoded data will not be noticed by the majority of human adults, but it will be perfectly understood by a sound-card or a microphone. For the exfiltration to work, the attacker has to plant a microphone near the victim's mobile device so that it can capture the sound. Afterwards, the captured sound needs to be decoded with proper software.
Besides regular data encoding, spectrograms are also an option. These are a steganography technique that can be used to exfiltrate images. They are a visual representation of sound frequencies, so it is easier and faster to exfiltrate a big image with spectrograms (rather than using binary code, for example). It is also possible to visualize leaked images with regular audio software that has spectrogram visualization features. The spectrogram exfiltration can be made using near-ultrasonic frequencies as well. Some people can listen to near-ultrasonic frequencies, especially children, so there is also the possibility of combining the near-ultrasonic frequencies of the spectrogram with the frequencies of a real song. With this approach, the victim listens to the music and doesn't understand that an exfiltration attack is taking place.
Instead of using the mobile device's speakers, the exfiltration of data through audio frequencies can be achieved with the vibration motor as well. As the device vibrates, it produces audio frequencies that can be identified and decoded by a receiver. These techniques are very effective for small amounts of data but require that the attacker is near the victim during the attack.
There are several components of mobile devices that can reproduce light. A camera flash, the screen itself, a IR blaster (infrared) or a notification led, to name a few, are all capable of producing light and can be used for data exfiltration.
Apart from being an effective way to exfiltrate in air gaps, light allows data transmission in long distances. With the use of a camera that has the ability to focus from far away, the light can be interpreted and decoded from hundreds of meters, depending on the light intensity, the camera, and the obstacles between them. There are also solutions for small distances that can be used inside an office, such as light sensors or cameras hidden in clothes, furniture, office supplies, etc.
A simple approach for converting and transmitting the data is using binary encoding. The light can be turned on for "1" and remain turned off for "0". Another common encoding method is Morse code. Although it only supports letters and numbers, the encoded data is smaller compared to simple binary. Non-binary codes can be used if the attacker is able to create different signals with the same light source. This is possible with the screen light and the camera flash and can be used to compress the encoded data. With the help of a light sensor on the receiver, the different signals are recognized and sent to decoding software.
The transmission rate depends on the amount of time that was defined for each signal. For human understanding, only slow transmission rates can be used. On other hand, a light sensor or camera can identify the different signals when the light is blinking beyond human perception, which will increase the transmission rate and lower the probability of detection of the exfiltration attack.
A vulnerable application called WebViewGoat was created to demonstrate exfiltration scenarios. It is publicly available so that people can simulate attacks and use it for learning and awareness. The application represents the work of someone that divided the development process in two stages and released the first version, trying to start earning money sooner.
The content of the passwords.txt file is "checkmarx" and "cx1234". In the following video, the attack is demonstrated using slow speed for the light blinks, and is possible for a human to understand the leaked data without the need of a light sensor or decoding software.


text:
FOOTBALL: AHS looks to ground Falcons
Stanley Williams will help lead the AHS Wildcats against Flowery Branch. Photo by Jessica Brown
Friday, September 9. 2011
It's no secret the Flowery Branch High School football team has a high-powered offense.
However, Apalachee High School football coach Shane Davis is almost equally impressed by the defensive unit the Falcons put on the field. The combination of a high-powered offense, a stingy defense and even strong special teams play makes Flowery Branch the favorite at this point in Region 8-AAAA. It's what has had Davis and his coaching staff putting in plenty of work the past week as the Falcons visit R. Harold Harrison Stadium Friday night at 7:30 p.m.
"There is so much talk about their offense that their defense gets overshadowed," Davis said. "In reality, they are very strong on the defensive side of the football. Going back to last season, we scored a good bit on them but a lot of that came on big plays. We were able to get our guys in space and to the second and third level of their defense. Traditionally, they don't let that happen. Their defense fires off the football extremely hard."
The AHS coach does not sell Flowery Branch short on offense either.
"They have the best of both worlds offensively," Davis said. "They have a very good quarterback with good speed but he can also throw it. Their quarterback (Kanler Coker) is very athletic and throws well. They also have great receivers with great size. Their style of offense spreads you out and makes you make tackles in space. Their option is also tough to defend. They make you work defensively."
Coker had another big night last Friday as the Falcons routed Winder-Barrow High School 64-7. The Bulldoggs had some defensive success against the Falcons in 2010 but not so much this time around. While it's tough to find weaknesses in a team like Flowery Branch, Davis said he and the Wildcat coaches do look for tendencies.
"You always hope to find some weaknesses," Davis said. "You have to decide what you do best and try to do that. If you go away from what you do and go with a totally different scheme then it just makes it tough on you. We'll run our four-man front and maybe some three-man looks. We have to get after what we do best."
AHS was off last Friday as it worked on correcting certain mistakes made in the season opener against Habersham Central.
The off week was a productive one, Davis said.
"We got better last week," the head coach said. "I thought our program got better. It's tough when you are coming off a loss. It's the first time we've started with a loss. Then you have your open week right after that so it's even tougher. You have a choice in these situations. You can go back to work or feel sorry for yourselves."
Improving each week in practice is a must as a member of 8-AAAA.
"You can't have bad weeks of practice," Davis said. "The teams are just too good. This region is tough, has been tough and will always be tough."
One key this week for the Wildcats in their matchup will be to limit the big play capability of the Falcons.
"You don't see a team often that can score on any play," Davis said. "You might see it with one player but they do it with three or four. That's what makes them so good. They are going to make you play them a certain way or they will beat you. Even if you do what you are supposed to do they can still beat you. Our kids will play hard. We will get after them. That's what our kids have always done."
In preparing for the Flowery Branch defense, AHS offensive coordinator Joel Miller has been impressed with the Falcons on that side of the football.
"Obviously they are a really good team," Miller said. "Their offense is averaging 60 points a game and the defense is just as good giving up only seven. They will base out of the 4-4 or 3-4 as they have shown both in there first two games. They are big and physical up front and very athletic in the secondary. Hopefully, on offense we can sustain drives and put points on the board, while at the same time keep their explosive offense off the field. This will be a huge challenge for us and hopefully our kids will respond with a great effort on Friday."
Wildcat defensive coordinator Matt Sorrells has also been spending plenty of time preparing for the high-powered opponent which rolls into The Chee this week.
"They have very talented players, several that will be playing major college football in the near future," Sorrells said. " Everyone knows about their passing attack, however, their running game is extremely good also. They have a very big offensive line and a hard-nosed powerful running back. I think this is what makes them so successful.
"Sometimes you see spread teams that are only able to hurt you on the pass, but what makes Flowery Branch so good is that they have a two-dimensional attack. For us to have success this Friday, we need to try to limit the big plays. Against Habersham, we did a poor job tackling and we didn't have 11 people rallying to the ball, which enabled them to have big plays. We've been working hard at those things the last two weeks and we will need to do those well this Friday to slow down Flowery Branch's offense."
Defined tags for this entry: AHS, AHS football, Joel Miller, Matt Sorrells, Shane Davis
BRIDGES: Davis the definition of class act, quality coach
After a decade, Davis resigns at AHS
Battling on: AHS prepares for Heritage
Wildcats try again for victory
Almost: Wildcats fall at Loganville
Wildcats set sights on Friday victory
Wildcats hang tough, drop home game to Gladiators
Scouting report: Clarke Central @ Apalachee
Wildcats host Gladiators in search of first win
Tough home opener awaits Wildcats
#1 Fortitude on 09/09/11 at 09:29 AM [Reply]
good luck Wildcats, dont let what they did to WBHS last week mess with your head
[ Top level ]#1: Fortitude on 2011-09-09 09:29


We are loving this staple maxi here at Motel. Update your wardrobe with the black and white cosmo print and add some statement to your outfit. The Batis dress features a loose cami fit, maxi length and v neckline. Rock yours with a chunky black boot and fedora hat.


text:
Gov. Larry Hogan is making one last effort to stymie partisan gerrymandering in Maryland before the next decade's election maps are drawn.
The Republican governor announced this week the creation of the state's first-ever citizen-led redistricting commission to draft new congressional and state legislative maps. But final approval will ultimately be up to the General Assembly, which is dominated by Democrats.
In most states, partisan map manipulations have favored Republicans, but Maryland is one of the few examples of Democratic gerrymandering. Several states' election maps have been challenged in court over the last decade, including Maryland's. But the Supreme Court deflected judgment over partisan gerrymandering, saying there is no clear standard to use in evaluating the maps.
In announcing the commission, Hogan also appointed its first three members, who will serve as co-chairs: Democrat Alexander Williams, a retired federal judge; Republican Walter Olson, a senior fellow at the Cato Institute; and independent Kathleen Hetherington, president of Howard Community College.
The co-chairs will soon choose Marylanders to fill the remaining six seats (two Democrats, two Republicans and two independents) from a pool of applicants. Members must be registered to vote in Maryland, but they cannot be elected officials, official party members or lobbyists.
"Unlike the partisan backdoor manner in which the state's political power brokers have conducted the state's redistricting process in the past, this time we want to make sure that the people of Maryland are actually the ones drawing these lines and not the politicians or party bosses," Hogan said during Tuesday's announcement.
But it's not guaranteed this commission will be able to prevent Democratic legislators in Annapolis from contorting Maryland's maps in their favor again. Once the commission submits its proposal, lawmakers have 45 days to make changes and vote on the maps. Hogan can veto the General Assembly's changes, but the Democrats could easily override it with their supermajorities in both chambers.
With elected officials still ultimately in charge of the final maps, Maryland remains among the majority of states subject to partisan gerrymandering. Only 11 states will use truly independent and nonpartisan commissions to draw their districts for the next decade.
But democracy reform groups say Hogan's commission is a step in the right direction because it promotes public input, transparency and accessibility in the redistricting process.
"Our Maryland government must create transparent processes that serve all of its citizens fairly, without regard to their voter registration. Without trust between the government and the governed, democracy fails," said Beth Hufnagel, who leads the redistricting team for the Maryland chapter of the League of Women Voters.
(The Fulcrum covers what's making democracy dysfunctional and efforts to fix our governing systems. Sign up for our newsletter at thefulcrum.us. The Fulcrum is a nonprofit, nonpartisan news platform covering efforts to fix our governing systems. It is a project of, but editorially independent from, Issue One.)
©2021 The Fulcrum. Visit at thefulcrum.us. Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC.


I've been thinking a lot lately about some of the traits of photographers we admire.
One of those traits is about taking a stand. This isn't about being opinionated, it's about believing in yourself so strongly that you're not easily swayed by the various trends and opinion shifts in the industry. That doesn't mean that photographers we admire don't pay attention to consumer trends and paradigm shifts, just that they take a stand and don't ride the fence!
Michele Celentano is one of the perfect examples of somebody always willing to take a stand for something she believes in, including her friends. She is totally focused on providing her clients with a finished print on paper or canvas and even wrote about it in "I Believe." So, while so many other photographers hand out a disc or jump drive, Michele stays focused on the true value of what she's providing.
"I'm taking a stand! I am a photographer! I am without a doubt passionate about creating photographs - real pictures - printed on professional papers - and made into beautiful albums. I want your children, their children, my children and future grandchildren looking at and holding onto photographs not the latest greatest gadget."
Every photographer we admire has taken a stand on something. They have a consistency in their images, their business and their relationships. They don't waffle when you ask them a question. They're not politicians trying to please everybody. They stay focused on what they believe.
Taking a stand isn't just something they do when it's appropriate, it's the way they live their lives!


Save the Chinese White Dolphin!
The Chinese White Dolphin is a threatened pink dolphin species found in the waters of Hong Kong and the Pearl River Estuary of China. These dolphins are currently being threatened by land reclamation (a process of reclaiming land from the sea) within their habitat, that will pave the way to build a third runway for the Hong Kong International Airport. This construction will not only cause devastating habitat loss for the vulnerable Chinese White Dolphin but it will greatly increase water and noise pollution, as well as fatal boating strikes as land is reclaimed from the environment. Many people do not know that such a species of dolphins exists in this part of the world but also many people do not know that there is a Hong Kong Disneyland that has been open to the public since 2005. Disney states on their website that they have a "commitment to the planet", striving to conserve the environment and "protect more than 400 species". Together, we should petition Disney to take a stand about this species of dolphin and attempt to reverse the Hong Kong government's decision to proceed with the third runway construction. The consequence of undergoing the construction will most assuredly be tragic for this unique dolphin species.
Can you believe that this unique pink dolphin species is in danger of extinction? The Chinese White Dolphin is presently found in the waters of Hong Kong and the Pearl River Estuary of China. As of 2012, there were only 61 individuals observed off the coast of Hong Kong, a 60% decrease from 158 dolphins in 2003. These dolphins are currently being threatened by land reclamation (a process of reclaiming land from the sea) within their habitat, that will pave the way to build a third runway for the Hong Kong International Airport. This construction will not only cause devastating habitat loss for the vulnerable Chinese White Dolphin but it will greatly increase water and noise pollution, as well as fatal boating strikes as land is reclaimed from the environment. Many people do not know that such a species of dolphins exists in this part of the world but also many people do not know that there is a Hong Kong Disneyland that has been open to the public since 2005, located right in the vicinity of the dolphins. Disney states on their website that they have a "commitment to the planet", striving to conserve the environment and "protect more than 400 species". Hong Kong Disneyland is jointly owned by the Walt Disney Company and the government of Hong Kong. Together, we should petition Disney to take a stand about this species of dolphin and attempt to reverse the Hong Kong government's decision to proceed with the third runway construction. The consequence of undergoing the construction will most assuredly be tragic for this unique dolphin species. Let Disney know that you do not want them to remain silent and that you want the Chinese White Dolphins to be protected. My name is Michael Tobet. I am the author of a book entitled "Pink Dolphins of the World, Symbols of Global Change", which educates and empowers children, and in turn their parents, to help save the environment of pink dolphins and elsewhere around the world. Please sign this petition and help to save these dolphins before it is too late.


Today, we are announcing the final piece of the puzzle getting Hotel Scienz integrated with one of the hottest cloud-based PMS offering out there - the Mews Commander PMS.
Did you know that the 90 percent of the world's hotel properties still don't use a professional revenue management solution despite the substantial revenue increase that it produces? And that the main reason behind is the belief that it is too difficult to handle? It is true that to run a professional revenue management strategy and execution, takes hundreds of pricing decisions, but the good news is that the entire process can be automated to help hoteliers to make not just better but also faster decisions.
At Xotels, we are committed to help independent hotels and resorts, youth hostels, bed & breakfast and campings on having the right and affordable resource to understand their own data, and to be able to manage their strategy of revenue management more effectively. This is the reason why HotelScienz was developed. Thanks to our revenue management software there is no need to understand complex statistics and scientific data because HotelScienz does it for you.
Xotels' dynamic and affordable Hotel Scienz revenue management tool has been helping to boost yield across a vast range of properties, from luxury inner-city boutique hotels to youth hostels to beach and ski resorts.
The HotelScienz dashboard provides you with an overview of the most important KPIs, the pick-up, demand trends and the forecast; and the data is presented in easy-to-read graphs, charts and tables. As result of its algorithm calculations, it shows demand curves and price recommendations. And least but not last, it supports internal communication with the team and all stakeholders with a daily sales / pick-up report email, and month-end reports.
"Our growing management portfolio and our non-stop search for continuously improving technology has led us to the conclusion that the best way to move forward is to partner with companies that are experts leaders at their niche to develop together the final product that can completely satisfy our customers. We are working with the Mews PMS in various hotels in different countries, and our revenue managers love the agility of this cloud based system. It provides very good options to implement a dynamic and complex yield strategy." Remko West, founder of HotelScienz and Xotels says.


1. In a blender, blend together the vinegar, garlic, onion, cumin, jalapeño, and salt until liquified.
2. Add cilantro leaves and blend again until smooth.
3. Pour into a serving bowl and chill in the refrigerator until ready to serve.
Makes 8, 2 tbsp servings.


Hi! Sign in to let us know how Kiddie U was?
Paul M. Sep 21 .
My children have gone here since they were babies. They're pretty strict, but I found them to be very parent friendly unlike one review said. Any time I had a concern over the years it was very nicely handled. Bottom line, my kids loved it there and one just graduated and is doing amazingly well in Kindergarten. I get delightful reports from the teacher on how advance she is. My daughter was reading at the age of 4 and I totally credit Ms. Tereasa and her asst and the teachers before them for fostering her love of reading. I wish I could take credit, but it (learning to read) was nothing my wife and I did. I'm so proud of her and wish the same for my youngest and can't thank the school enough.
petra l. Oct 29 .
it's sad but true ---the quality is not there anymore. My child has been enrolled for two years. Started out in the 18 month old class with great teachers! It is the administration that needs to change. The attitude is passive-agressive. They are parent unfriendly --despite the advertising on their web site, they make you feel UNwelcomed. I was rudely acosted for taping the Halloween party in my child's classroom (they have no signs posted prohibiting use of camera) and they demanded to see the video footage (falsely accusing me of taking pictures of the closet) !?! They did not even apologize! I am an average sized white female with baby so I was scared when aproached by a big man dressed in black and demanding my camera. He got rude and would not wait for me to finish changing my daughter out of costume. This happened in the classroom and made teachers and other children uncomfortable. Instead of apology (teacher apologized) I was reprimented for taking stroller with baby into building (front desk staff neglected to inform me of their stoller policy when I stopped at the desk to pay tuition). just like the families that have left already, (right now there is no 4-yr.old class b/c not enough students) we are in search of a good school --one that is parent friendly.
This was the "thank you" for the cookies and Halloween treats !
Liz L. Oct 16 .
Love it! My daughter is super excited everyday when we arrive and that makes me happy. She is learning fast, they read stories, learn words, and they all eat at the same time. Friendly place.
Rochelle D. Aug 24 .
by MRiccio at Citysearch Nov 10 .
by Rochelle3011 at Citysearch Nov 10 .
by Belle123 at Citysearch Nov 10 .
Everybody is so reassuring. I was a first time mom and very new at everything. They kept telling me certain milestones my child should be working towards. I was hesitant, but everything they told me always worked as they said it would. Once I realized they were trying to help me, I came to appreciate their advice. My daughter is better off because of it, she is well adjusted, happy, sweet and sociable. I have been more than pleased.
Valerie A. Apr 06 .
My child started in Kindercare and I had him there for 2 months, he cried every single day. I happened to stop by Kiddie U (my 1st choice, but no openings when I needed) and they had a spot for my 16 month old. He's been there for a little over a year and I am very impressed with how well he is doing. He was there 1 week and I could see the vast improvement, no crying and teachers seem to be geniune. They must be as my son is never finished playing when I come. Very well adjusted!
Marie F. Jan 14 .
I've had my two children there, the oldest started in 2004. Unfortunately, in the last two years things have gone downhill. They are using 10 and 12 year old grade school students to help in the classroom and even left alone with the children at times. Many of the old teachers have left and they've hired less qualified teachers to replace them. My child does not like going to school and tells me the teacher "does not like me." It is very sad, but I'm looking for a new place to send my youngest (oldest is now in grade school).
Dierdre J. Nov 12 .
My daughter started at Kiddie U in the daycare at age three and stayed there until she went to Kindergarten and now is in her second year in the afterschool program. I have always felt confident that she is being well cared for and is happy. A definite plus is that they are almost always open except for the big holidays like Christmas and Thanksgiving. I recommend them without reservation for any parent looking for day care or school age care.
My daughter doesn't want to go home!
Robin R. Nov 12 .
I had my youngest here for 2 1/2 years and am so thankful that I found such a wonderful environment for him. The teachers were topnotch and everyone there is very friendly! The fieldtrips, programs and mother/father teas are so much fun and the kids have a blast while in school. Plus the computer monitoring program they have really helped reassure me as a mom. I could flip on the computer site while at work and watch my child during the day. That is an extra bonus!
If you've been to or used Kiddie U, leave a review.


text:
Q: ClientContext.executeQuery() throws operation Timeout error Trying to create a list item in the SharePoint list in a batch of 5 using Visual Studio but the clientContext.ExecuteQuery() throws exception and only create 1 list item.
var url = "calling a webservice";
var content = syncClient.DownloadString(url);
JsonResultInfo jsri = new JsonResultInfo();
List<JsonResult> dynJson = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<JsonResult>>(content);

//Connect to SharePoint and read Idea list

*

*List item
CamlQuery query = new CamlQuery();
    string siteUrl = "sharepoint site list url";
    ClientContext clientContext = new ClientContext(siteUrl);
    SP.List oList = clientContext.Web.Lists.GetByTitle("LIST NAME");
    ListItemCollection listItems = oList.GetItems(query);
    clientContext.RequestTimeout = -1;
    clientContext.Load(listItems);
    clientContext.ExecuteQuery();|
    oListItem["title] = item.title;
    oListItem["body"] = item.body;
    oListItem.Update();
     itemCount++;
get itemcount to 5 , then
clientContext.ExecuteQuery(); // the execption is thrown saying
 A first chance exception of type 'Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.ServerException' occurred in
Microsoft.SharePoint.Client.Runtime.dll

ps: Added Request timeout , and gave this exception

A: Please increase RequestTimeOut of ClientContext as shown below:
clientContext.RequestTimeout = -1;

Hope it works for you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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2017-4-15 · Hydraulic rock drill is high-pressure work force of the high-technology products, advanced technical and novel structure, with less consumption, small size, light weight, impact energy, drilling speed, low noise and vibration, workers advantages of low labor intensity, which can be widely used in marble, granite, metal ores, non-metallic minerals such as coal mines and cut stone.
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Jaw Crusher at work, movable jaw fixed jaw plate for periodic reciprocating motion, sometimes near, sometimes leaving. When approached, the material in between two jaw squeeze was breaking, splitting, shock when leaving, the materials were broken by gravity from the discharge port.
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After splitting, the sample is further reduced to rock chips in a jaw crusher and isQuality Assurance Handbook for Rural Roads Volume-I pmgsy Crusher-Run Macadam Base. 412 programme implementation, a quality control handbook for rural roads was brought out in 2002 by the.
The structure"s smaller stones, called bluestones, were hauled from a quarry 233 kilometers (145 miles) away, in modern-day Wales. Ancient In ancient Rome, slaves and criminals were often forced to do the extremely difficult work of cutting stones in marble, granite, and limestone quarries.
2018-3-6 · »splitting feeder for ore slurry flow chart of steel rolling process pdf. Posted at: June 8, 2013 [ PEW Jaw Crusher PE Jaw Crusher PF Impact Crusher PFW Impact Crusher CS Cone Crusher HPC Cone Crusher HCS Cone Crusher PY Cone Crusher VSI Crusher VSI5X Crusher Hammer Crusher.
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This solidly built structure was originally the home of the Loa Co-op in the farm town of Loa, in south-central Utah. building with basalt stone Newest Crusher, Grinding Mill Basalt Building Group . one of the premium basalts in Stone Source"s catalog of materials, has a » Learn More.