text:
( function () {

	const _lookDirection = new THREE.Vector3();

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			this.lookSpeed = 0.005;
			this.lookVertical = true;
			this.autoForward = false;
			this.activeLook = true;
			this.heightSpeed = false;
			this.heightCoef = 1.0;
			this.heightMin = 0.0;
			this.heightMax = 1.0;
			this.constrainVertical = false;
			this.verticalMin = 0;
			this.verticalMax = Math.PI;
			this.mouseDragOn = false; // internals

			this.autoSpeedFactor = 0.0;
			this.mouseX = 0;
			this.mouseY = 0;
			this.moveForward = false;
			this.moveBackward = false;
			this.moveLeft = false;
			this.moveRight = false;
			this.viewHalfX = 0;
			this.viewHalfY = 0; // private variables

			let lat = 0;
			let lon = 0; //

			this.handleResize = function () {

				if ( this.domElement === document ) {

					this.viewHalfX = window.innerWidth / 2;
					this.viewHalfY = window.innerHeight / 2;

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					this.viewHalfY = this.domElement.offsetHeight / 2;

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			this.onMouseDown = function ( event ) {

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					this.domElement.focus();

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					switch ( event.button ) {

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							break;

						case 2:
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							break;

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							break;

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					case 'KeyW':
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					case 'KeyA':
						this.moveLeft = true;
						break;

					case 'ArrowDown':
					case 'KeyS':
						this.moveBackward = true;
						break;

					case 'ArrowRight':
					case 'KeyD':
						this.moveRight = true;
						break;

					case 'KeyR':
						this.moveUp = true;
						break;

					case 'KeyF':
						this.moveDown = true;
						break;

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					case 'KeyW':
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					case 'KeyA':
						this.moveLeft = false;
						break;

					case 'ArrowDown':
					case 'KeyS':
						this.moveBackward = false;
						break;

					case 'ArrowRight':
					case 'KeyD':
						this.moveRight = false;
						break;

					case 'KeyR':
						this.moveUp = false;
						break;

					case 'KeyF':
						this.moveDown = false;
						break;

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			this.lookAt = function ( x, y, z ) {

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					_target.copy( x );

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					_target.set( x, y, z );

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				this.object.lookAt( _target );
				setOrientation( this );
				return this;

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			this.update = function () {

				const targetPosition = new THREE.Vector3();
				return function update( delta ) {

					if ( this.enabled === false ) return;

					if ( this.heightSpeed ) {

						const y = THREE.MathUtils.clamp( this.object.position.y, this.heightMin, this.heightMax );
						const heightDelta = y - this.heightMin;
						this.autoSpeedFactor = delta * ( heightDelta * this.heightCoef );

					} else {

						this.autoSpeedFactor = 0.0;

					}

					const actualMoveSpeed = delta * this.movementSpeed;
					if ( this.moveForward || this.autoForward && ! this.moveBackward ) this.object.translateZ( - ( actualMoveSpeed + this.autoSpeedFactor ) );
					if ( this.moveBackward ) this.object.translateZ( actualMoveSpeed );
					if ( this.moveLeft ) this.object.translateX( - actualMoveSpeed );
					if ( this.moveRight ) this.object.translateX( actualMoveSpeed );
					if ( this.moveUp ) this.object.translateY( actualMoveSpeed );
					if ( this.moveDown ) this.object.translateY( - actualMoveSpeed );
					let actualLookSpeed = delta * this.lookSpeed;

					if ( ! this.activeLook ) {

						actualLookSpeed = 0;

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					let verticalLookRatio = 1;

					if ( this.constrainVertical ) {

						verticalLookRatio = Math.PI / ( this.verticalMax - this.verticalMin );

					}

					lon -= this.mouseX * actualLookSpeed;
					if ( this.lookVertical ) lat -= this.mouseY * actualLookSpeed * verticalLookRatio;
					lat = Math.max( - 85, Math.min( 85, lat ) );
					let phi = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad( 90 - lat );
					const theta = THREE.MathUtils.degToRad( lon );

					if ( this.constrainVertical ) {

						phi = THREE.MathUtils.mapLinear( phi, 0, Math.PI, this.verticalMin, this.verticalMax );

					}

					const position = this.object.position;
					targetPosition.setFromSphericalCoords( 1, phi, theta ).add( position );
					this.object.lookAt( targetPosition );

				};

			}();

			this.dispose = function () {

				this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'contextmenu', contextmenu );
				this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'mousedown', _onMouseDown );
				this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'mousemove', _onMouseMove );
				this.domElement.removeEventListener( 'mouseup', _onMouseUp );
				window.removeEventListener( 'keydown', _onKeyDown );
				window.removeEventListener( 'keyup', _onKeyUp );

			};

			const _onMouseMove = this.onMouseMove.bind( this );

			const _onMouseDown = this.onMouseDown.bind( this );

			const _onMouseUp = this.onMouseUp.bind( this );

			const _onKeyDown = this.onKeyDown.bind( this );

			const _onKeyUp = this.onKeyUp.bind( this );

			this.domElement.addEventListener( 'contextmenu', contextmenu );
			this.domElement.addEventListener( 'mousemove', _onMouseMove );
			this.domElement.addEventListener( 'mousedown', _onMouseDown );
			this.domElement.addEventListener( 'mouseup', _onMouseUp );
			window.addEventListener( 'keydown', _onKeyDown );
			window.addEventListener( 'keyup', _onKeyUp );

			function setOrientation( controls ) {

				const quaternion = controls.object.quaternion;

				_lookDirection.set( 0, 0, - 1 ).applyQuaternion( quaternion );

				_spherical.setFromVector3( _lookDirection );

				lat = 90 - THREE.MathUtils.radToDeg( _spherical.phi );
				lon = THREE.MathUtils.radToDeg( _spherical.theta );

			}

			this.handleResize();
			setOrientation( this );

		}

	}

	function contextmenu( event ) {

		event.preventDefault();

	}

	THREE.FirstPersonControls = FirstPersonControls;

} )();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Polovragi is een Roemeense gemeente in het district Gorj.
Polovragi telt 2948 inwoners.

Gemeente in Gorj

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


RDQLUS CREATIVE was hired to do the simplest of complex designs.
One morning, during my routine run for mid-morning coffee & conversation with the folks at my neighborhood caffeine hole, one of the ladies I always have great dialogue with approached me at the counter. Well aware of my profession and RDQLUS CREATIVE, she asks if she can show me something and get my opinion. She pulls out a notepad on it's last few pages and explains how she uses it for organizing her day. She prefers writing things down, even with all the standard bits of app-driven tech in her purse. And then she asked, "Can I hire you to design a new pad for me? This is fine, but I'm almost out of pages and I need better organization anyhow." That caught me off-guard, because it's rare that the average person understands what I do, let alone seeks to hire me at the coffee counter. It was a simple enough task, so I accepted the new client.
About two weeks after delivery of the design, she sees me at the coffee shop and frantically runs up to me and says, "I'll be right back! I have to show you something!" She excitedly, scurries off and returns with a notepad… fully of notes and shorthand scribbles. "As you can tell, I absolutely love it! It's perfect and so much better than the one I had before." That kind of reaction from a client would make any designer happy, but to have a neighbor become a client and show such enthusiasm for a seemingly small bit of design really gave me a sense of accomplishment. Design is not about overwrought artwork and fluff, nor awards and accolades. This is design at its most crucial, most real; the communication of information and the solution to a problem. She settled her fee like a good & professional client, bought my coffee, and took her seat elsewhere in the cafe—not knowing the full measure of the compliment she had paid me. That's just RDQLUS!


I saw this article on Realtor.com and thought it was quite interesting. It's a good thing that foreclosures are shrinking-hopefully this means that the housing market is improving and will only get better and better with time.
Home buyers hoping to snag a really good deal on a foreclosed home are finding it increasingly difficult because supply is shrinking.
The number of foreclosures that are available for sale nationwide fell to 617,000 in December, down from 845,000 in November 2008, reports Barclays Capital.
Not only have attractive homes in popular neighborhoods already been snapped up, but also government help for distressed buyers is delaying more foreclosures.
Demand is driving up prices. Investors say typical prices have climbed from 75 percent of appraised value to 85 percent or higher when there are bidding wars.


For decades, health care practitioners have relied on Middleton's Allergy as their go-to reference for comprehensive information on allergic disorders. Now Middleton's Allergy Essentials, by Drs. Robyn E. O'Hehir, Stephen T. Holgate, and Aziz Sheikh, offers a concise resource that's both easily accessible and highly authoritative. Perfect for clinicians in primary and secondary care settings, this practical volume covers what is most useful in your daily practice, with a strong emphasis on disease diagnosis and management.
Coverage of today's hot topics includes asthma, drug allergies, food allergies and gastrointestinal disorders, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and allergic contact dermatitis.
Authored by the same internationally recognized experts that produce Middleton's Allergy, the definitive text in the field.
Ideal for physicians, residents, general and family practitioners, nurse practitioners, primary care doctors, hospitalists, general internists - anyone who is called upon to make effective diagnostic and treatment decisions regarding allergic disorders.
Chapter 1: Introduction to Mechanisms of Allergic Diseases? ????????
Chapter 2: The Origins of Allergic Disease?????????????
Chapter 3: Epidemiology of Allergic Diseases???????
Chapter 4: Indoor and Outdoor Allergens and Pollutants????????????????
Chapter 5: Principles of Allergy Diagnosis??????????????
Chapter 8: Allergic Rhinitis and Conjunctivitis??????
Chapter 10: Urticaria and Angioedema without Wheals??
Chapter 11: Atopic Dermatitis and Allergic Contact Dermatitis?????
Chapter 12: Food Allergy and Gastrointestinal Syndromes????????????
By Robyn E O'Hehir, FRACP, PhD, FRCPath, Professor and Director, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne Victoria, Australia ; Stephen T Holgate, MD, DSc, FMedSci, MRC Professor of Immunopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University and General Hospital, Southampton, UK and Aziz Sheikh, Professor of Primary Care, Research and Development, University of Edinburgh, U.K.
"This is a concise but comprehensive book with practical information on allergy. It balances basic science and clinically useful content quite well. It reviews common topics and discusses up-to-date treatment modalities."
-Heather Huang, MD (University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health) Doody's Score: 92 - 4 Stars!


By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 2(c)(1) of the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 (the "Act") (22 U.S.C. 2601(c)(1)), I hereby determine, pursuant to section 2(c)(1) of the Act, that it is important to the national interest to furnish assistance under the Act, in an amount not to exceed $70 million from the United States Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund, for the purpose of meeting unexpected urgent refugee and migration needs related to the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program, through contributions and other assistance to international and nongovernmental organizations funded through the Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration of the Department of State. Funds will be used by the Department of State to meet the unexpected urgent need for additional resources within the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program, in light of the unprecedented number of refugees in need of resettlement.


text:
(Asperger syndrome)
[Not Available]. [Journal Article]
Ugeskr Laeger. 2023 Jan 09; 185(2)Videbech PUL
Bibliometric analysis study on cognitive function in developmental coordination disorder from 2010 to 2022. [Journal Article]
Front Psychol. 2022; 13:1040208.Ji Z, Wang L, … Wang H
CONCLUSIONS: Interest in the cognitive function of DCD has been on the rise in the past 10 years. Over 40 countries and regions, 117 institutions and 200 researchers have participated in the corresponding research, mainly in the United States, and their institutions have published more highly influential results. The hot keywords are DCD, children, attention, working memory, performance, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the main research hot topics include functional performance, population, cognitive psychology. The research directions include "DCD," "Asperger syndrome," "memory," "infant," "clumsiness," "neurodevelopmental disorder," "occupational therapy," "preschool children," "motor competence," "model," and "online control." Future research should focus on motor imagery and intrinsic models and use more neurophysiological techniques to reveal the cognitive characteristics of children with DCD and develop intervention programs.
Asperger Syndrome (AS): A Review Article. [Review]
Cureus. 2022 Nov; 14(11):e31395.Motlani V, Motlani G, Thool A
A variant of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) known as Asperger syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe issues with interpersonal, verbal, and nonverbal communication as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and activities. Although there is no known cause for ASD, various genetic as well as non-genetic risk factors that may act either alone or in combination to induce ASD have be…
A variant of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) known as Asperger syndrome (AS) is characterized by severe issues with interpersonal, verbal, and nonverbal communication as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and activities. Although there is no known cause for ASD, various genetic as well as non-genetic risk factors that may act either alone or in combination to induce ASD have been identified. The occurrence of ASD has been increasing worldwide. Co-occurring neuropsychological diseases are frequently present as well. The premise for diagnosis is the observation of abnormal conduct, with diagnostic criteria emphasizing limitations in social interaction and communication as well as constrained, repetitive behavioral patterns, activities, or hobbies. The degree of the illness and the presence of intellectual impairment have a significant impact on the prognosis. Like autism, Asperger's can neither be prevented nor treated. There is no specific medical therapy that can effectively cure all of the symptoms of autism. However, medications may be used as adjuvant therapy for maladaptive behaviors and co-occurring mental problems. The treatment aims to reduce core impairments, increase functional ability, and reduce harmful behaviors that could limit functional skills. It is crucial to provide proper care, establish supportive networks for individuals who are affected and their families, and use effective therapies to enhance functioning and results.
Disrupted network integration and segregation involving the default mode network in autism spectrum disorder. [Journal Article]
J Affect Disord. 2023 Feb 15; 323:309-319.Yang B, Wang M, … Dong GHJA
Changes in the brain's default mode network (DMN) in the resting state are closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Module segmentation can effectively elucidate the neural mechanism of ASD and explore intra- and inter-network connections by means of the participation coefficient (PC). We used that resting-state fMRI data from 269 ASD patients and 340 healthy controls (HCs) in the curre…
Publisher Full Text (DOI)
Changes in the brain's default mode network (DMN) in the resting state are closely related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Module segmentation can effectively elucidate the neural mechanism of ASD and explore intra- and inter-network connections by means of the participation coefficient (PC). We used that resting-state fMRI data from 269 ASD patients and 340 healthy controls (HCs) in the current study. From the results, ASD subjects showed a significantly higher PC of the DMN than HC subjects. This difference was related to lower intra-module connections within the DMN and higher inter-network connections between the DMN and other networks. When the subjects were split into age groups, the results were verified in the 7-12- and 12-18-year-old age groups but not in the young adult group (18-25 years). When the subjects were divided according to different subtypes of ASD, the results were also observed in the classic autism and pervasive developmental disorder groups, but not in the Asperger disorder group. In conclusions, less developed network segregation in the DMN could be a valid biomarker for ASD. This provides network scientists with new insights into the intermodular connectivity configurations of complex networks from different dimensions in a systematic and comprehensive manner.
How much is enough? Considering minimally important change in youth mental health outcomes. [Review]
Lancet Psychiatry. 2022 12; 9(12):992-998.Krause KR, Hetrick SE, … Szatmari PLP
To make decisions in mental health care, service users, clinicians, and administrators need to make sense of research findings. Unfortunately, study results are often presented as raw questionnaire scores at different time points and regression coefficients, which are difficult to interpret with regards to their clinical meaning. Other commonly reported treatment outcome indicators in clinical tr…
To make decisions in mental health care, service users, clinicians, and administrators need to make sense of research findings. Unfortunately, study results are often presented as raw questionnaire scores at different time points and regression coefficients, which are difficult to interpret with regards to their clinical meaning. Other commonly reported treatment outcome indicators in clinical trials or meta-analyses do not convey whether a given change score would make a noticeable difference to service users. There is an urgent need to improve the interpretability and relevance of outcome indicators in youth mental health (aged 12-24 years), in which shared decision making and person-centred care are cornerstones of an ongoing global transformation of care. In this Personal View, we make a case for considering minimally important change (MIC) as a meaningful, accessible, and user-centred outcome indicator. We discuss what the MIC represents, how it is calculated, and how it can be implemented in dialogues between clinician and researcher, and between youth and clinician. We outline how use of the MIC could enhance reporting in clinical trials, meta-analyses, clinical practice guidelines, and measurement-based care. Finally, we identify current methodological challenges around estimating the MIC and areas for future research. Efforts to select outcome domains and valid measurement instruments that resonate with youth, families, and clinicians have increased in the past 5 years. In this context, now is the time to define demarcations of changes in outcome scores that are clinically relevant, and meaningful to youth and families. Through the use of MIC, youth-centred outcome measurement, analysis, and reporting would support youth-centred therapeutic decision making.
An assessment of what Hans Asperger knew about child euthanasia in Vienna during the Nazi occupation. [Journal Article]
Acta Paediatr. 2022 Oct 14 [Online ahead of print]Tatzer E, Maleczek W, Waldhauser FAP
CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence that Asperger knew about the euthanasia programme when he referred two patients who died at Am Spiegelgrund.
[Eating behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder]. [Journal Article]
Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2022; 122(9. Vyp. 2):42-45.Balakireva EE, Zvereva NV, … Kulikov AVZN
CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of AEB are associated with the leading clinical syndrome of ASD. The severity of catatonia and regression affects the depth of AEB, which leads to secondary somatic disorders. Specialists of various profiles should participate in medical work for successful rehabilitation and prevention of somatic complications.
Publisher Correction: Brain charts for the human lifespan. [Published Erratum]
Nature. 2022 Oct; 610(7931):E6.Bethlehem RAI, Seidlitz J, … Alexander-Bloch AF
↓2 ↑1
Recognition of early warning signs and symptoms - the first steps on the road to Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis. [Journal Article]
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2022 Jul-Sep; 58(3):183-191.Budisteanu M, Linca F, … Rad FAI
CONCLUSIONS: Parents, as well as family doctors or paediatricians, should pay great attention to the children's behaviour, alongside their cognitive and language development. Early detection is essential for early intervention and our results can be used to develop training programs for parents and paediatricians for early recognition of ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorders and inclusion attitudes in the Italian school environments: teachers' knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and their necessity to consult a healthcare multidisciplinary team. [Journal Article]
Acta Biomed. 2022 08 31; 93(4):e2022284.Conte L, Lupo R, … Vitale E
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of professionals with advanced skills could be a benefit and represent a strong point in the application of measures of prevention and containment of community pathologies.
Ophthalmologic Manifestations in Autism Spectrum Disorder. [Journal Article]
Turk J Ophthalmol. 2022 08 25; 52(4):246-251.Gutiérrez C, Santoni JLM, … de Liaño PG
CONCLUSIONS: Ophthalmologic manifestations occur more frequently in patients with ASD than in the general child population. Of these, the most frequent are refractive defects and ocular motility disorder. Therefore, we consider it necessary to perform an ophthalmological evaluation in patients with ASDs.
Correlation Between CD133+ Stem Cells and Clinical Improvement in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders Treated with Intrathecal Bone Marrow-derived Mononuclear Cells. [Journal Article]
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2022 Apr-Jun; 19(4-6):78-86.Villarreal-Martinez L, MartÍnez-Garza LE, … Gomez-Almaguer D
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by social and communication deficits, for which treatments are limited. Cell therapies, including intrathecal (IT) administration of bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (BM-MNC), improves symptoms in patients with ASD. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with ASD, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Man…
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of neurodevelopmental pathologies characterized by social and communication deficits, for which treatments are limited. Cell therapies, including intrathecal (IT) administration of bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (BM-MNC), improves symptoms in patients with ASD. Twenty-four patients diagnosed with ASD, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, were autologously treated with IT BM-MNC, and the clinical effect was evaluated using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) on Days 30 (n=24) and 180 (n=14) post-treatment. IT BM-MNC improved clinical outcomes by Day 30 (p=0.0039), and those benefits remained and were further accentuated by Day 180 post-treatment (n=14; p=<0.0001). Clinical benefit at Days 30 (p=0.001; r= -0.51) and 180 (p=0.01; r= -0.60) posttreatment positively correlated with the enrichment of a putative BM stem cell population expressing the cluster of differentiation 133+ (CD133+) surface marker.
Readability of Commonly Used Quality of Life Outcome Measures for Youth Self-Report. [Journal Article]
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 08 03; 19(15)Krause KR, Jacob J, … Hayes D
Self-report measures are central in capturing young people's perspectives on mental health concerns and treatment outcomes. For children and adolescents to complete such measures meaningfully and independently, the reading difficulty must match their reading ability. Prior research suggests a frequent mismatch for mental health symptom measures. Similar analyses are lacking for measures of Qualit…
Self-report measures are central in capturing young people's perspectives on mental health concerns and treatment outcomes. For children and adolescents to complete such measures meaningfully and independently, the reading difficulty must match their reading ability. Prior research suggests a frequent mismatch for mental health symptom measures. Similar analyses are lacking for measures of Quality of Life (QoL). We analysed the readability of 13 commonly used QoL self-report measures for children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years by computing five readability formulas and a mean reading age across formulas. Across measures, the mean reading age for item sets was 10.7 years (SD = 1.2). For almost two-thirds of the questionnaires, the required reading age exceeded the minimum age of the target group by at least one year, with an average discrepancy of 3.0 years (SD = 1.2). Questionnaires with matching reading ages primarily targeted adolescents. Our study suggests a frequent mismatch between the reading difficulty of QoL self-report measures for pre-adolescent children and this group's expected reading ability. Such discrepancies risk undermining the validity of measurement, especially where children also have learning or attention difficulties. Readability should be critically considered in measure development, as one aspect of the content validity of self-report measures for youth.
The neural effects of oxytocin administration in autism spectrum disorders studied by fMRI: A systematic review. [Review]
J Psychiatr Res. 2022 10; 154:80-90.Fathabadipour S, Mohammadi Z, … Vafaee MSJP
CONCLUSIONS: A large body of evidence consistently indicates that OXT alters activation to fMRI in brain networks of individuals with ASD, but with uncertain implications for alleviation of their social deficits.
Altered EEG variability on different time scales in participants with autism spectrum disorder: an exploratory study. [Journal Article]
Sci Rep. 2022 07 29; 12(1):13068.Hecker L, Wilson M, … Kornmeier J
One of the great challenges in psychiatry is finding reliable biomarkers that may allow for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients. Neural variability received increasing attention in recent years as a potential biomarker. In the present explorative study we investigated temporal variability in visually evoked EEG activity in a cohort of 16 adult participants with Asperger Syndrome (AS…
One of the great challenges in psychiatry is finding reliable biomarkers that may allow for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients. Neural variability received increasing attention in recent years as a potential biomarker. In the present explorative study we investigated temporal variability in visually evoked EEG activity in a cohort of 16 adult participants with Asperger Syndrome (AS) and 19 neurotypical (NT) controls. Participants performed a visual oddball task using fine and coarse checkerboard stimuli. We investigated various measures of neural variability and found effects on multiple time scales. (1) As opposed to the previous studies, we found reduced inter-trial variability in the AS group compared to NT. (2) This effect builds up over the entire course of a 5-min experiment and (3) seems to be based on smaller variability of neural background activity in AS compared to NTs. The here reported variability effects come with considerably large effect sizes, making them promising candidates for potentially reliable biomarkers in psychiatric diagnostics. The observed pattern of universality across different time scales and stimulation conditions indicates trait-like effects. Further research with a new and larger set of participants are thus needed to verify or falsify our findings.
The Characteristics and Results of Parent Training Interventions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. [Review]
Iran J Public Health. 2022 Mar; 51(3):518-530.Tabatabaei SH, Shahrokhi H, … Azami-Aghdash S
CONCLUSIONS: According to the included studies, parents-based training interventions significantly impact parents and their children's behavior.
Moral Agency, Rules, and Temporality in People Who Are Diagnosed With Mild Forms of Autism: In Defense of a Sentimentalist View. [Journal Article]
Front Psychol. 2022; 13:875680.Coelho S, Bonatti SM, … Stephan A
The origin of moral agency is a much-debated issue. While rationalists or Kantians have argued that moral agency is rooted in reason, sentimentalists or Humeans have ascribed its origin to empathic feelings. This debate between rationalists and sentimentalists still stands with respect to persons with mental disorders, such as individuals diagnosed with mild forms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD…
The origin of moral agency is a much-debated issue. While rationalists or Kantians have argued that moral agency is rooted in reason, sentimentalists or Humeans have ascribed its origin to empathic feelings. This debate between rationalists and sentimentalists still stands with respect to persons with mental disorders, such as individuals diagnosed with mild forms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), without intellectual impairment. Individuals with ASD are typically regarded as moral agents, however their ability for empathy remains debated. The goal of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms of moral actions in people with ASD, by finding arguments for the origin of their moral actions, supporting either the sentimentalist or the rationalist view of the dispute. We propose to revisit the debate using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to study the autobiographies of individuals with High-Functioning Autism (HFA) and Asperger Syndrome (AS). While conducting the systematic analysis of 10 autobiographies, we re-examined both the rationalist and the sentimentalist positions, considering the links between empathic feelings and moral agency. The investigation of the temporal dimensions of emotional experiences, an aspect overlooked by previous research, indicated that individuals with ASD empathize with others, but in different ways as compared to neurotypicals. A relationship between emotional experience and the type of moral agency exhibited by individuals with forms of ASD was established. As a consequence, our analyses support the sentimentalist stance on moral action.
Autistic Adult Services Availability, Preferences, and User Experiences: Results From the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union Survey. [Journal Article]
Front Psychiatry. 2022; 13:919234.Micai M, Fulceri F, … Scattoni ML
↓1 ↑25
There is very little knowledge regarding autistic adult services, practices, and delivery. The study objective was to improve understanding of current services and practices for autistic adults and opportunities for improvement as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Separate survey versions were created for autistic adults, carers of autistic adults, and pr…
There is very little knowledge regarding autistic adult services, practices, and delivery. The study objective was to improve understanding of current services and practices for autistic adults and opportunities for improvement as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Separate survey versions were created for autistic adults, carers of autistic adults, and professionals in adult services. 2,009 persons responded to the survey and 1,085 (54%) of them completed at least one of the services sections: 469 autistic adults (65% female; 55% <35 years old), 441 carers of autistic adults (27% female; 6% <35 years old), 175 professionals in adult services (76% female; 67% in non-medical services). Top choices by autistic adults, carers or professionals for services best suiting their current needs were: residential services: "help in own home" (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), "fulltime residential facility" (carers of low independent adults); employment services: "job mentors" (adults, carers of high independent adults, professionals), "Sheltered employment" (carers of low independent adults); education services: "support in regular education setting" (all groups); financial services: financial support in lieu of employment ("Supplementary income for persons unable to have full employment" for adults, "full pension" for carers of low independent adults) or to supplement employment earnings for carers of high independent adults and professionals; social services: "behavior training" (adults) and "life skills training" (carers and professionals). Waiting times for specific services were generally < 1 month or 1-3 months, except for residential services which could be up to 6 months; most professionals were uninformed of waiting times (>50% responded "don't know"). Five of seven residential services features recommended for autistic adults were experienced by <50% of adults. The knowledge of good local services models that work well for autistic adults was generally low across all services areas. The variation in services experiences and perceptions reported by autistic adults, carers, or professionals underscore the need to query all groups for a complete picture of community services availability and needs. The results showed areas for potential improvement in autistic adult services delivery in the EU to achieve recommended standards.
Egocentric norm in health-based decision making of patients on the autistic spectrum. [Journal Article]
Nurs Forum. 2022 Sep; 57(5):938-945.Porter K, Foli KJNF
CONCLUSIONS: The new concept of egocentric norm may account for the unique dynamics presented by adults with ASD without ID, which may impact health behaviors and actions.
Alternatives to Gold Standard Diagnostic Tools for Distinguishing "Natural Kinds" on the Autism Spectrum. [Journal Article]
Front Psychiatry. 2022; 13:862410.Philippe A
Next-generation sequencing techniques have accelerated the discovery of rare mutations responsible for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in genes involved in a large number of physiological processes, including the control of gene expression, chromatin remodeling, signaling pathways, synaptic scaffolding, neurotransmitter receptors, and lipid metabolism. Genetic diagnosis provides subjects with an e…
Next-generation sequencing techniques have accelerated the discovery of rare mutations responsible for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in genes involved in a large number of physiological processes, including the control of gene expression, chromatin remodeling, signaling pathways, synaptic scaffolding, neurotransmitter receptors, and lipid metabolism. Genetic diagnosis provides subjects with an explanation of the cause of their disorder. However, it does not, or at least does not yet, shed light on the psychopathological phenomena specific to the individual. It could be hypothesized that each physiological impact of a mutation corresponds to a specific psychopathological phenomenon of ASD, i.e., "a psychopathological natural kind". We discuss here the difficulties identifying this specificity of underlying psychopathology in individuals with ASD due to a rare mutation with a major effect. A comparison of Newson's pathological demand avoidance and Wing's Asperger's syndrome with Asperger's autistic psychopathy highlights different ways of approaching psychopathological descriptions and diagnosis, by focusing on either common or unusual features. Such a comparison calls into question the principles of clinical research recommended by Falret for characterizing "disease individuality" of ASD due to a rare mutation.
The Autism Spectrum Quotient in a sample of Brazilian adults: analyses of normative data and performance. [Journal Article]
Dement Neuropsychol. 2022 Apr-Jun; 16(2):244-248.Alves ALC, de Paula JJ, … Romano-Silva MA
CONCLUSIONS: The study population has a different profile compared to the original study regarding the AQ scale. ASD traits were normally distributed in the neurotypical sample, and the scale seems to have a satisfactory performance to predict ASD. Future studies are required to adequate the use of the scale in the Brazilian population.
StatPearls: Asperger Syndrome [BOOK]
StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing: Treasure Island (FL)HosseiniSeyed AlirezaSAKern Medical CenterMollaMohammedMKern MedicalBOOK
Asperger syndrome (AS) was first described by Hans Asperger in 1944, as the behavioral characterization of individuals who have difficulties in communication and social interaction.[1] Since then, AS has always been a topic of significant interest and debate. Although AS was introduced as a discrete diagnostic category in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disor…
Asperger syndrome (AS) was first described by Hans Asperger in 1944, as the behavioral characterization of individuals who have difficulties in communication and social interaction.[1] Since then, AS has always been a topic of significant interest and debate. Although AS was introduced as a discrete diagnostic category in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-4, 1994), almost 20 years later, its diagnostic label was removed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5), and it was encompassed in a more general category of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).[2] According to the DSM-5, there are varying degrees of ASD that are categorized based on the severity of symptoms and the required levels of support, and what was formerly called Asperger syndrome shall now be regarded as ASD.[3] Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) include a group of neurodevelopmental abnormalities with broadly varying degrees and manifestations, usually begin in early childhood, and characterized by problems in social communication and interaction, along with behavioral problems such as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.[4][5] DSM-5 changes on ASD classification led to some controversy about the loss of the unique Asperger identity,[6] and literature continue to debate about AS and its formulation within ASD.[7] Due to Asperger syndrome's extensive history, rich semiology, and relatively characteristic clinical presentations, specialists continue to use this diagnosis as a subtype of ASD with no language delay and a normal or superior IQ.[6] In this topic review, we will describe the essential aspects of autism spectrum disorder and Asperger syndrome. For greater transparency, we refer to (1) Asperger syndrome (AS) as a subpopulation of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) according to DSM-IV-TR, (2) ASD according to DSM-5, and (3) Autism spectrum disorder of an Asperger syndrome type (ASD-AS) as a subpopulation that is included in the DSM-5 as ASD of level 1 severity without intellectual impairment. Historical Perspective In 1944, and about a year after Leo Kanner described infantile autism, Hans Asperger introduced autistic psychopathy in the form of a case report. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) recognized autism as a distinct category in the DSM-3 and introduced it as infantile autism. In 1981, Wing L. restarted Asperger researches and renamed autistic psychopathy as Asperger syndrome. A few years later and in 1989, the first diagnostic criteria for AS was proposed,[7] and the 10th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) was the first major classification system that recognized AS (1993). Finally, in 1994, AS was introduced in DSM-4 as a specific entity along with autistic disorder, within pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). While during this period, researches were focused on the development of measures with the ability to diagnose AS and differentiate it from high functioning autism (HFA), the DSM-5 removed the diagnostic category of AS in 2013.[5] The World Health Organization (WHO) also followed a similar approach in ICD-11, which will come into effect in 2022.[2] DSM Classification The systematic description of psychiatric disorders is quite complicated, particularly in child and adolescent psychiatry. Asperger syndrome was included in the DSM-IV-TR in the large family of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). PDD had five subtypes: Autistic disorder. Asperger syndrome. Childhood disintegrative disorder. Pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). Rett syndrome. Symptoms and clinical specifiers for autistic disorder of PDD were described to fall into three broad categories in DSM IV-TR: (1) social interaction, (2) communication, and (3) restricted, repetitive behavior.[8] The diagnosis of AS required:[7]: At least two symptoms of social interaction impairment and at least one each from symptoms of communication and restricted, repetitive behavior (RRB). Delays or abnormal functioning in at least one of the areas of (1) social interaction, (2) language as used in social communication, or (2) symbolic or imaginative play with onset prior to age 3 years. Diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder (or another specific PDD) should not be met (otherwise, the AS diagnosis is excluded, and autistic disorder diagnosis should have precedence). AS contrasted from autistic disorder in:[9]: Absence of diagnostic criteria in the communication domain. Absence of a requirement for onset before age 3. Addition of criteria specifying the absence of a language delay. Addition of criteria specifying the absence of a deficit in cognitive development. This classification suggested a differential diagnosis between AS and the type of Autistic disorder associated with normal cognitive functioning, also known as high functioning autism (HFA). As a result, it sparked substantial debate over uncertainty in defining AS criteria and the clinical overlap between AS and HFA, which has appeared in literature with contradictory results. Although there has been a considerable number of researches showing some fine differences between the two disorders, most studies have emphasized the meaningful similarities between AS and HFA. Ultimately, the DSM-5 removed PDD and its categorization and merged four of its subtypes into one unifying category with the concept of a continuum named autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). This major alteration was mostly due to the assumption that PDD subgroups cannot be differentiated from one another certainly and reliably.[7] These changes include the following:[2][8] Another major alteration was the inclusion of social communication and social interaction related deficits in one criterion and exclusion of deficit specifically related to spoken language. Elimination of PDD and its subtypes. Creation of a new diagnostic category called autistic spectrum disorders (ASD), encompassing autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and PDD-NOS. Addition of three levels of severity, and clinical specifiers about the presence of cognitive and language impairment, to better characterize the diagnosis. Changing from previous PDD 3-domain criteria to ASD 2-domain criteria, composed of impaired social communication/interaction and restricted, repetitive behavior, interest, and activities (merging domains of social interaction and communication). Addition of sensory symptoms in the RRB component of diagnostic criteria. Changing the specification of the age of onset from age 3 to "early childhood.". Creation of a new diagnostic category called "social communication disorder" (SCD) to include individuals who have difficulties in social communication/interaction but do not meet RRB criteria found in ASD. Removal of Rett syndrome from the classification, on the basis of recent genetic data. Controversy over the New Classification of ASD The new classification of ASDs has been criticized in the literature in different ways. Some authors have suggested that the new classification will narrow the criteria for ASD; thus, some patients may no longer meet the criteria for ASD, in particular, cognitively able individuals and individuals diagnosed with AS and PDD-NOS. In short, the argument is although this reduced sensitivity is associated with higher specificity, it has the potential to exert negative effects on the service eligibility, as well as the ability of researchers to integrate information and data from researches conducted under these criteria.[9][6] Other authors claim that the elimination of the specific diagnostic category for Asperger syndrome will increase stigma towards individuals previously diagnosed with AS, based on the assumption that autism-phobic societies perceive autism as a significant disability, whereas AS is associated with the more positive stereotypes.[10][2] In addition, previous research has demonstrated the association of autism with disability and dysfunction, and the association of AS with positive features. Thus, the new inclusion of AS in the category of ASD may have a negative effect on the identity of the individuals who have adopted this label as an identity. However, the literature on the potential impact of the DSM-5 changes on individuals previously diagnosed with AS is limited, and the results can be categorized into those who are supportive, those who are opposed, and those who express mixed feelings concerning the changes.[2]
Brain charts for the human lifespan. [Journal Article]
Nature. 2022 04; 604(7906):525-533.Bethlehem RAI, Seidlitz J, … Alexander-Bloch AF
↓57 ↑74
Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morph…
Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data (http://www.brainchart.io/). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes.
First Application of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Adult Asperger Syndrome With Digestive Symptoms-A Case Report. [Case Reports]
Front Psychiatry. 2022; 13:695481.Huang HL, Xu HM, … Zhou YJ
Asperger syndrome (AS) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Although all of the clinically diagnosed cases display normal intelligence and speech functions, barriers in social interaction and communication seriously affect mental health and psychological function. In addition to traditional psychological/behavioral training and symptomatic medication, in-depth studies of intestinal microbiot…
Asperger syndrome (AS) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. Although all of the clinically diagnosed cases display normal intelligence and speech functions, barriers in social interaction and communication seriously affect mental health and psychological function. In addition to traditional psychological/behavioral training and symptomatic medication, in-depth studies of intestinal microbiota and mental health have indicated that probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus rhamnosus) can effectively reduce the occurrence of AS. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a type of biological therapy that involves the transplant of intestinal microbiota from healthy donors into the patient's gastrointestinal tract to improve the gut microenvironment. In this case report, we describe the first case of adult AS treated with FMT. The patient suffered from diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome for 6 years with symptoms of diarrhea and abdominal pain. After three rounds of FMT, the diarrhea and abdominal pain were significantly improved. Moreover, the symptoms of AS were also significantly ameliorated. We found that FMT changed the structure of the intestinal microbiota as well as the patient's serum metabolites, and these changes were consistent with the patient's symptoms. The metabolites may affect signaling pathways, as revealed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. The changes in microbial metabolites following FMT may affect other regions (e.g., the nervous system) via the circulatory system, such that the bacteria-gut-blood-brain axis may be the means through which FMT mitigates AS.
Plasma and red blood cell n3 fatty acids correlate positively with the WISC-R verbal and full-scale intelligence quotients and inversely with Conner's parent-rated ADHD index t-scores in children with high functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome. [Journal Article]
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2022 03; 178:102414.Kozielec-Oracka BJ, Min Y, … Ghebremeskel KPL
Findings of the fatty acid status of people with autism spectrum disorders have been incongruent perhaps because of the diversity of the condition. A cross-sectional design study was used to investigated fatty acid levels and relationships between fatty acids, and cognition and behaviour in a homogenous group of children with autism spectrum disorder. Children with Asperger's syndrome (AS) /high …
Findings of the fatty acid status of people with autism spectrum disorders have been incongruent perhaps because of the diversity of the condition. A cross-sectional design study was used to investigated fatty acid levels and relationships between fatty acids, and cognition and behaviour in a homogenous group of children with autism spectrum disorder. Children with Asperger's syndrome (AS) /high functioning autism (n = 44) and healthy siblings (n = 17) were recruited from the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Centre for Children with Autism, Warsaw, Poland. In the AS group, plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:5n3 correlated positively with verbal (r = 0.357, p = 0.019) and full scale (r = 0.402, p = 0.008) IQs, red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 22:5n3 with verbal (r = 0.308, p = 0.044), performance (r = 0.304, p = 0.047) and full scale (r = 0.388, p = 0.011) IQs and red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine 22:5n3 with verbal (r = 0.390, p = 0.010) and full scale (r = 0.370, p = 0.016) IQs. Whilst, plasma phosphatidycholine 20:5n3 (r = -0.395, p = 0.009), 22:6n3 (r = -0.402, p = 0.007) and total n3 fatty acids (r = -425, p = 0.005), red blood cell phosphatidlycholine 20:5n3 (r = -0.321, p = 0.036) and red blood cell phosphatidylethanolamine 20:5n3 (r = -0.317, p = 0.038), 22:6n3 (r = -0.297, p = 0.05) and total n3 fatty acids (r = -0.306, p = 0.046) correlated inversly with ADHD index. Similarly, inattention was negatively related with plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:6n3 (r = -0.335, p = 0.028), and total n3 fatty acids (r = -0.340, p = 0.026), oppositional with plasma phosphatidylcholine 18:3n3 (r = -0.333, p = 0.029), 20:5n3 (r = -0.365, p = 0.016), total n3 fatty acids (r = -0.293, p < 0.05), red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 18:3n3 (r = -0.337, p = 0.027) and red blood cell ethanolamine 18:3n3 (r = - 0.333, p = 0.029), 20:5n3 (r = -0.328, p = 0.032), 22:6n3 (r = 0.362, p = 0.017) and total n-3 fatty acids (r = -0.298, p < 0.05) and hyperactivity with plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:6n3 (r = -0.320, p = 0.039). In contrast, there were inverse correlations between red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 18:2n6 and performance (r = -0.358, p = 0.019) and full scale (r = -0.320, p = 0.039) IQs, and direct correlations between red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 22:4n6 (r = 0.339, p = 0.026) and 22:5n6 (r = 0.298, p < 0.05) and ADHD index, between red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 22:4n6 (r = 0.308, p = 0.044) and inattention, between plasma phosphatidylcholine 22:4n6 (r = 0.341, p = 0.025), red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 20:4n6 (r = 0.314, p = 0.041) and total n6 fatty acids (r = 0.336, p = 0.028) and oppositional and plasma phosphatidylcholine 20:3n6 (r = 0.362, p = 0.018) and red blood cell phosphatidylcholine 20:3n6 (r = 0.401, p = 0.009) and hyperactivity. The findings of the ethnically homogenous children with Asperger's syndrome/high functioning autism study revealed positive associations between 22:5n3 and cognition, and negative relationships between 20:5n3 and 22:6n3 and behavioural problem. In contrast, cognitive ability and behavioural problems were negatively and positively associated with n6 fatty acids. Further investigation is required to establish whether there a cause and effect relationship. Regardless, it would be prudent to ensure that children with the conditions have optimum n3 PUFA intake.
Discussions of Asperger Syndrome on Social Media: Content and Sentiment Analysis on Twitter. [Journal Article]
JMIR Form Res. 2022 Mar 07; 6(3):e32752.Gabarron E, Dechsling A, … Nordahl-Hansen A
CONCLUSIONS: The use of social media platforms by health authorities, autism associations, and other stakeholders has the potential to increase the awareness and acceptance of knowledge about autism and Asperger syndrome. When prominent figures disclose their diagnoses, the number of posts about their particular condition tends to increase and thus promote a potential opportunity for greater outreach to the general public about that condition.
Evidence from Characteristics and Comorbidities Suggesting That Asperger Syndrome Is a Subtype of Autism Spectrum Disorder. [Journal Article]
Genes (Basel). 2022 01 30; 13(2)Edelson SM
The current version of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) does not consider Asperger syndrome a diagnostic category. This study was undertaken to see if there is evidence that this diagnosis should be reinstated. An online survey was conducted to examine symptoms and behaviors associated with the current diagnostic criteria of auti…
The current version of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) does not consider Asperger syndrome a diagnostic category. This study was undertaken to see if there is evidence that this diagnosis should be reinstated. An online survey was conducted to examine symptoms and behaviors associated with the current diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) (DSM-V), and those associated with Asperger syndrome based on the previous version (DSM-IV-TR). The study also examined other characteristics historically associated with autism, as well as impairments often reported in infancy/young childhood and medical comorbidities frequently associated with autism. The sample included 251 individuals who had received a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome and 1888 who were diagnosed with autism or ASD. Numerous similarities and differences were found between the two groups. The findings are discussed in relation to reestablishing Asperger syndrome as a valid diagnostic category as well as a subtype of ASD.
Analysis of sleep spindles in children with Asperger's syndrome. [Journal Article]
Sleep Sci. 2021 Jul-Sep; 14(3):201-206.Cebreros-Paniagua R, Ayala-Guerrero F, … Jiménez-Correa U
Sleep spindles are an element of the sleep microstructure observed on the EEG during the NREM sleep phase. Sleep spindles are associated to sleep stability functions as well as memory consolidation and optimization of different cognitive processes. On the other hand, Asperger's syndrome (AS) is a generalized developmental disorder in which cognitive and sleep disturbances have been described. In …
Sleep spindles are an element of the sleep microstructure observed on the EEG during the NREM sleep phase. Sleep spindles are associated to sleep stability functions as well as memory consolidation and optimization of different cognitive processes. On the other hand, Asperger's syndrome (AS) is a generalized developmental disorder in which cognitive and sleep disturbances have been described. In this study we analyzed different characteristics of sleep spindles in a group of children with AS and compared them with sleep spindles of a group of children with typical development paired by age; both groups ranged from 6 to 12 years of age and were all male. We observed a statistically significant decrease in sleep spindles intrinsic frequency in different brain regions in the AS group in relation to the typical development group. This finding could be due to immaturity in brain regions related to the integration of sleep spindles; and this immaturity could be related with cognitive aspects in these patients.
[Thalamic infarction following paradoxical embolism during total hip replacement : Case report and pathophysiological considerations]. [Case Reports]
Anaesthesiologie. 2022 07; 71(7):535-540.Brandt L, Albert S, Brandt KL
Because of a painful right-sided coxarthrosis a 57-year-old female patient underwent a cementless total arthroplasty under general anesthesia. Except for Asperger's syndrome and an occlusion of a vein in her left eye she stated no other diseases or complaints, especially no cardiac problems. Postoperatively she developed neurological symptoms of left-sided hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia. A crani…
Because of a painful right-sided coxarthrosis a 57-year-old female patient underwent a cementless total arthroplasty under general anesthesia. Except for Asperger's syndrome and an occlusion of a vein in her left eye she stated no other diseases or complaints, especially no cardiac problems. Postoperatively she developed neurological symptoms of left-sided hemiparesis and hemihypesthesia. A cranial computer tomography was performed and a right-sided infarction of the thalamic region was found. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal aneurysm were detected 5 days later. The incidence of a PFO is given as 25% of the population. A paradoxical air embolism in the presence of a PFO is a feared complication in neurosurgical interventions in a semi-sitting or sitting position. Corpuscular emboli, such as bone, cement, fat or wound debris may be the reason for paradoxical embolisms in combination especially with partial or total hip replacement. The kind of embolism in the case described could not be clarified. Deep vein thrombosis or cardiac arrhythmia could be excluded. Therefore, it can be considered most likely that the operation site was the source of the embolism. The trigger for a paradoxical embolism is a reversal of the pressure difference between the right and left atria: normally the left atrial pressure exceeds the right atrial pressure by ca. 2-4 mm Hg, resulting possibly in a small clinically irrelevant left-to-right shunt. If the pulmonary arterial circulation is compromised and pulmonary vascular resistance increases, the pressure gradient between the left and right atria reverses and a right-to-left shunt can occur causing a paradoxical embolism. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation during anesthesia could be an important reason for a shunt reversal between the right and left atria and therefore favoring a paradoxical embolism but the pathophysiological role of PEEP has not yet been finally clarified.
Autism spectrum disorder and personality disorders: Comorbidity and differential diagnosis. [Journal Article]
World J Psychiatry. 2021 Dec 19; 11(12):1366-1386.Rinaldi C, Attanasio M, … Keller R
CONCLUSIONS: ASD in high-functioning adults is associated with a distinct personality profile even if variability exists. Further studies are needed to explore the complex relationship between ASD and PD.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Orpheus & Bacchus Pleyel Duo-Clave
The double piano was an innovative creation of the Parisian firm Pleyel, whose instruments were the favourites of composer and pianists such as Chopin, Grieg, Debussy, Saint-Saëns and Stravinsky. The first one was completed in 1890 and production continued until 1939. They patented the piano as the DuoClave. In the 1920s they produced a larger model, and the Orpheus & Bacchus Duo-Clave is one of these. It is believed there are only seven surviving instruments of this size.
The instrument can be best described as two overstrung pianos in one rectangular case (measuring 1.53m/5 feet - the normal keyboard width - by 2.90m/9 feet 7 inches), with a keyboard at each end, a combined soundboard and one large lid to reflect the sound of both pianos to the audience.
There is a formidable logic behind the design, as two piano frames create a simple rectangle, and therefore take up much less space than two pianos. On the other hand there is less flexibility.
However there is an interesting side benefit in that the strings of one part create resonances in the strings of the other part, and the famous pianist Louis Lortie prefers playing on this Duo-Clave to a Steinway D for the quality of the sound.
This Duo-Clave was possibly the last made and was not completed at the factory but the frame and the carcase were stored. They were rescued by Maison Erard in the early 2000s and this Pleyel Duo-Clave emerged as a superb restored example.
After a brief career as a rare piano available for rent it was purchased by Ian Christians, Director of the Orpheus & Bacchus Music Festival, and then underwent a further restoration undertaken by Steinway technician, Luc Guiot, based in Perigueux, to bring it to full concert standards. It sits in the music salon at Le Faure, Gensac, in the Gironde.
It has been played on by many famous pianists apart from Louis Lortie, including Boris Giltberg, Benjamin Frith, Pascal Rogé and Christopher Hinterhuber.
The website shows photographs of the piano and videos of it in full concert mode.
Offers are invited for this exceptional and rare instrument.
© Special Villas 2011. Site designed by Adam Penny Digital.


text:
Q: Yii - creating absolute URLs with CHTML::link() I've used the CHTML::link() to create links however it doesn't seem to work for absolute URLs
My Code:
<?php echo CHtml::link(CHtml::image(Yii::app()->baseUrl.'/images/image.png'), array('/http://www.newsite.com/about/'));?>

The link returns the site baseUrl so it appears like this
http://currentsitecom/http://www.newsite.com/about/

Can anyone suggest why this doesn't work?

A: The link shouldn't have / before http://
<?php echo CHtml::link(
    CHtml::image(Yii::app()->baseUrl.'/images/image.png'),
    array('http://www.newsite.com/about/')
);?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Responding to the "Crimes of Christianity"; The Inquisition
By BK - January 17, 2018
"[What] we have today is worse than ignorance of the Bible. It is contempt for it. Just about anyone who quotes the Bible, let alone says it is the source of his or her values, is essentially regarded as a simpleton who is anti-science, anti-intellectual and sexist." ~ Dennis Prager, Jewish thinker and nationally syndicated talk show host, from I'm Back, Here's Where I've Been.
There is no question that Christianity in the West is under attack from some in the public square. While Christians are still able to worship as they choose and to follow their faith (as long as they do so in private), one would need to be blind to overlook the effort by some to turn the public perception of Christianity as being backwards, ignorant and responsible for hatred. For example, in May 2011 the Huffington Post, the left-leaning Internet website, published an article entitled If You're a Christian, Muslim or Jew - You are Wrong by Cenk Uygur wherein Uygur expressed what I cannot doubt is the view of many people towards Christianity:
There is no damn Easter Bunny. There is no Jesus waiting to return. Moses never even existed. These were all convenient lies from the men of those times to gain power. Their actions were rational — they wanted to deceive their brethren so that they could amass power. I get their motivations. But I cannot, for the life of me, understand our motivations, thousands of years later, still following the conmen of yesteryear into our gory, bloody, violent end.
This misguided soul continues his rant ad nauseum for several more paragraphs. Of course, there is so much error in what he wrote that any Christian believer looking into the evidence could have a field day responding to each of his fanciful claims (and perhaps I will respond in such a way later). But I raise it here only to show that Christianity is under attack from people who want to marginalize it and claim that it is responsible for "gory, bloody, violent" things. Fortunately, there are voices out there who are seeking to correct this insane viewpoint.
One such voice is that of Michael P. Foley, an Associate Professor of Patristics in the Honors College at Baylor University and publisher of several books. His most recent book, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Christianity, is addressed to the general reader and addresses some of the commonly accepted myths that Skeptics have been spreading for many years about Christianity. Last Friday, he published an article entitled 5 Myths About Christianity which takes a minuscule amount of information from the book and gives readers a taste of the truth about Christianity.
The five lies he addresses in his 5 Myths article are: (1) Biblical patriarchy is little more than a mask for men's will to power; (2) Christians view the Bible as something which allows them to keep their power and privilege – it's a product of its times; (3) Christianity is the Enemy of Science; (4) the Spanish Inquisition was a bloodbath motivated by religious fanaticism; and (5) Christianity promotes Victimhood Culture. Since the article is short and I don't want to violate any copyright laws by quoting too extensively from it, I will just post his response to the fourth point about the Inquisition and encourage the readers to visit the link to his article to read each of his other points (or better yet, buy his book). On the Inquisition, Dr. Foley writes:
The Spanish Inquisition has become a favorite bludgeon to use against the Catholic Church in particular and against Christianity in general – to "prove" that Christians who care about sound doctrine are repressive, bloodthirsty, and insanely power-hungry. Reports of its atrocities are greatly exaggerated. Indeed, the methods of the Inquisitors were more human than those of any contemporary secular court. One historian has compared the level of brutality of the Spanish Inquisition's interrogation methods to American police departments in the 1930s. Of the 44,701 Inquisition cases on record, only 2 percent involved the use of torture. The Spanish Inquisition never executed a single individual: as a Church tribunal, the most it could do was declare someone guilty of a capital crime and then hand him over to the State, which wielded the power to execute. In fact, Planned Parenthood kills more people every six days than the Spanish Inquisition did in 350 years.
Of course, the Christian Church has been hammered endlessly about the violence of the Inquisition. In fact, in my experience the most common arguments made by skeptics about violence generated by Christianity comes from four sources: (1) the Inquisition, (2) the Salem Witch Trials, (3) the Crusades, and (4) Slavery, so this is not an insignificant issue in the eyes of the general reading public. And make no mistake – while Dr. Foley does all of us the great service of pointing out that the claims about the Inquisition have been overblown, having two percent of the people being tortured is two percent too many. Nevertheless, Christians have provided solid responds to each of these issues, primarily rooted in the understanding that while these despicable acts were done in the name of Christianity, none of them are consistent with the teaching of Christ.
Christians acknowledge that we are all fallen and that we don't live out our Christianity perfectly. Thus, despite our best efforts, we will always fail to live up to the high calling set before us. Having said that, not every act of evil done in the name of Christianity has been done by Christians or is a good representation of what Christianity is meant to be. There have been non-Christian people who have taken the mantle of Christianity and used it for evil (which is primarily what happened in the Crusades), in addition to the well-meaning Christian people who have engaged in evil out of ignorance or in utter rebellion to what the Bible really teaches (the primary cause of the other three). Both types of people have engaged in actions that have unjustly stained Christianity.
Nevertheless, as Dr. Foley alludes, the people who are accusing Christianity of evil and vile acts regularly turn a blind eye to the evil that has accompanied opposition to belief in God, i.e., atheism. Whether it is appreciated or not, the belief that there is no God (or gods) leads some (not all) people to the conclusion that what they do on this planet during their lives doesn't matter, and such an attitude has led some people to unspeakable acts that can be directly linked to the lack of belief in God.
A recent book entitled Atheism Kills: The Dangers of a World Without God – and a Cause for Hope written by Barak Lurie, makes this case. The blurb to the book on Amazon reads:
In "Atheism Kills," Barak Lurie exposes the horrors of a world without God. Contrary to the mantra we've heard time and time again that religion is responsible for more deaths than anything else, it is in fact the absence of God which has killed—in obscene numbers. Ever since atheism first assumed government control in the French Revolution, it has done nothing but kill. Atheism has killed through its many deputies: progressivism, eugenics, fascism, and communism. Lurie shows that it was the godlessness in each of these ideologies that killed hundreds of millions. But atheism doesn't just kill lives. It kills purpose, free will, beauty, compassion, a sense of the past and future, creativity, and freedom itself. Atheism offers only the horrors of chaos and totalitarianism.
Yes, evil acts have been done in the name of Christianity, but these evil acts have never been done consistently with the teachings of Jesus. To the extent that Christianity has been used to justify this evil, Christians should both acknowledge the evil but clarify that the great testimony of the church is that Jesus would not have blessed the Inquisition, the Salem Witch Trials, the Crusades or slavery since they all run counter to his central teachings of love and forgiveness.
Moreover, Christians should never hate the individual spreading these untruths. Most espousing these views about the "crimes of Christianity" are merely parroting the misinformation that they have been taught by those who do hate and want to attack Christianity. Instead, Christians should respond in love by gently correcting.
But equally importantly, Christians need not feel defensive about these evils. Instead, they should stand firm on the ground of knowing that when a skeptic throws out criticisms like this, the skeptic is standing on moral ground that exists only because it was made firm by Christian teaching, and if the skeptic is an atheist, history confirms that he/she has no real moral foundation arising from his/her atheistic beliefs from which to accuse.
Where did Jesus say "It is better to give than receive?"
By BK - February 06, 2006
A visitor to the CADRE site recently sent a question about Paul's statement in Acts 20:35 which records Paul as saying, "And remember the words of the Lord Jesus, that He said, 'It is better to give than to receive'." The reader wanted to know where Jesus said this. This was my answer: You are correct in noting that this saying of Jesus quoted by Paul is not found anywhere in the four Gospels. My own study Bible says "This is a rare instance of a saying of Jesus not found in the canonical Gospels." Does the fact that it isn't stated in the Gospels mean that it isn't reliably from the lips of Jesus? I don't think so. The Apolstle John said at the end of his Gospel (John 21:25): "Jesus did many other things as well.If every one of them were written down, I suppose that even the whole world would not have room for the books that would be written." Obviously, this is exaggeration for the sake of making a point, but it means that Jesu
Exodus 22:18 - Are Followers of God to Kill Witches?
A few days ago I stumbled upon an article published on a website named Haaretz which appears to be a news site for Israeli news. The article entitled " Thou Shalt Not Suffer a Witch to Live: A Murderous Translation ," discussed the correct understanding of Exodus 22:18. According to the Haaretz article (authored by Elizabeth Sloane), the word "witch" may have been an erroneous translation. And, to read into Ms. Sloane's argument just a bit, the erroneous translation contributed to the deaths of many innocent witches. Specifically, she notes: This quote, found in the King James Version of the Bible, has been widely held responsible for the witch burnings that plagued Europe, and later America, in the Early Modern Period (1450 C.E. – 1750 C.E.). But the murderous practice may have all been the result of a Biblical mistranslation. Now, as I am not an expert on ancient Hebrew, I need to approach translation issues such as this by accessing sources readily
Revamping and New Articles at the CADRE Site
By Layman - July 22, 2006
We have changed the Christian History page at the CADRE site from the old design to the new one. The focus of the revamped page has expanded, with many new articles: This page provides links to websites and articles relating to Christian history, including theological development, notable figures, contributions of Christianity to society and culture, and the archaeological evidence for the facts of the Bible. We have also added four new articles by Darin Wood, PhD: John Chrysostum: His Life, Legacy, and Influence Dr. Wood provides an informative sketch of Chrysostum's life, as well as an exploration into his writings and impact on church evangelism. The Righteousness of God in the Pauline Corpus Dr. Wood examines the crucial role that righteousness plays in understanding Paul's perspectives on justification, propitiation, expiation, and covenant. The Structure of the Apocalypse Dr. Wood provides an in-depth analysis of the structure (or structures) behind the Boo
The Bogus Gandhi Quote
By J. P Holding - February 09, 2018
I first made this post in 2012, and since then I've made a sort of mini-career out of tracking down bogus quotes like this one (including a video version below). It's a sort of fun microcosm of the way information is mishandled in the Information Age. ** I like your Christ. I do not like your Christians. Your Christians are so unlike your Christ. – Mahatma Gandhi A Christian can probably expect to get this quote thrown at them at least once in their lifetime, and waved in their face many more. I had it put to me recently, but my experience with this sort of thing immediately led me to wonder -- is it real? The evidence at this point seems to be no. The first signal of a problem was that anywhere I found it, no source was given. That's often a sign that something is being passed around uncritically. Whether online sources or books, no one seemed to have a source for this quote. A second warning was that the quote has been given more than one context. As
How Many Children in Bethlehem Did Herod Kill?
A couple of months ago, I wrote a post about the Gospel of Matthew's account of the slaughter of the innocents. Therein, I argued that some of the skepticism about the account was unjustified. One argument I made was that the number of children killed in Bethlehem would likely have been no more than 20. Though obviously an act of great evil, the killing of 20 children would be much less likely to be noticed by historians of the time than the slaughter of thousands as later traditions speculated. In response to the post, Peter Kirby asked a few questions. He has patiently waited my response, continuously delayed by work, family, and the completion of my Acts article . Two of the questions had to do with how the amount of 20 was determined. Others with the omission of the account by Luke and the reliability of the tradition recounted by Macrobius. Peter also mentioned that there were other reasons to doubt the story's historicity beyond just the silence of other sources.
Discussing Embryonic Stem Cell Research
By BK - July 24, 2006
Stand to Reason has published a list of "talking points" that can be used as a quick reference sheet for answering questions about embryonic stem cell research and why people ought to oppose this procedure. The piece, entitled "Are you against stem cell research and cloning?" give good, concise answers to some of the questions that arise concerning why Christians would oppose this procedure when it supposedly holds such great promise. For example, consider the following from the "talking points": Where do we get human embryonic stem cells? We can only derive human embryonic stem cells by killing a human embryo. Removing its stem cells leaves it with no cells from which to build the organs of its body. What is the embryo? An embryo is a living, whole, human organism (a human being) in the embryonic stage. All the embryo needs to live is a proper environment and adequate nutrition, the very same thing all infants, toddlers, adolescents, and adults ne
Why Christian Theism Is Almost Certainly True: A Reply to Cale Nearing
By Don McIntosh - May 20, 2017
Some days ago at the Facebook group "Reasonable Faith Debunked" atheist Cale Nearing [1] laid out what he calls "A positive argument for atheism." The basic idea behind the argument, as I see it, is that since the evidence for theism is compatible not only with theism but with any number of coherent and mutually exclusive hypotheses explaining the origin and life-permitting structure of our universe, the probability of theism being the one true hypothesis is very low; and, since atheism is simply the negation of theism, the probability that atheism is true is very high. Or as Nearing asserts, "Any rational inductor will conclude that Theism is almost certainly false, and therefore that Atheism (the negation of theism) is almost certainly true." Now the argument as Nearing presents it appears quite sophisticated, making extensive use of the probability calculus generally and Bayes' Theorem in particular. Despite this apparent sophistication, ho
Scientifically Documented Miracles
By Joseph Hinman (Metacrock) - May 02, 2009
Study: The Miracles: A Doctor says "Yes" by Richard H. Casdorph.(Logos International, 1976) Richard H. Casdroph collected medical evidence, x-rays, angiograms, and other data from 10 cases associated with the Kathryn Kulhman ministry. Now it will of course strike skeptics as laughable to document the miracles of a faith healer. Ordinarily I myself tend to be highly skeptical of any televangelists. I am still skeptical of Kulhman because of her highly theatrical manner. But I always had the impression that there was actual documentation of her miracles and I guess that impression was created by the Casdorph book. The Casdroph book goes into great detail on every case. Since these were not the actual patients of Casdroph himself, there are three tiers of medical data and opinion; Casdroph himself and his evaluation of the data, several doctors with whom he consulted on every case (and they vary from case to case), and the original doctors of the patients themselves. The p
The Criteria of Embarrassment and Jesus' Baptism in the Gospel of Mark
By Layman - March 21, 2010
Scholars frequently pronounce the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist as one of the firmest historical facts about Jesus' life. See, e.g. , James D.G. Dunn, Jesus Remembered , Vol. I, pages 350 ("This is one of the most securely grounded facts in all the history of Jesus."); Robert H. Stein, Mark , page 55 ("Jesus's baptism by John is one of the most certain historical facts we possess concerning the life of Jesus."). This post will focus on the account of Jesus' baptism in Mark and a challenge to its historicity from Neil G. at Vridar . Here is the relevant passage. John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. And all the country of Judea was going out to him, and all the people of Jerusalem; and they were being baptized by him in the Jordan River, confessing their sins. John was clothed with camel's hair and wore a leather belt around his waist, and his diet was locusts and wild honey. And he was preaching, and
Asherah: Not God's Wife
By BK - March 28, 2011
Peter Kreeft once remarked words to the effect that the only thing required to believe any one of the 100 most absurd things that any human being can believe is to have a Ph.D. Such is the case with the recently publicized beliefs of Dr. Francesca Stavrakopoulou of the University of Exeter who argues that God had a wife who was edited out of the Bible. According to God had a wife but edited out in Bible, says British theologian , Dr. Stavrakopoulou believes that the goddess Asherah, who is mentioned in several places in the Old testament, was not some competing false god, but was the wife of the biblical god Yahweh. While I realize a brief article in a newspaper is not going to contain the complete argument, the news source generally gives at least one argument that supports the thesis. Such is the case here, and the argument cited if representative of the good doctor's theory is not particularly good. Here's the argument: After noting that there were competing gods to the G
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Chinese Qing Four Panel Lacquered Incised Coromandel Screen
Rare unusual late 19th century/early 20th-century Chinese Qing four-panel coromandel screen. The front features dark red lacquer decorated with scholars objects and small landscape scenes in a parcel gilt finish. The opposite side features six sections of Chinese script calligraphy over a dramatic red background. The script is incised or pierced into the wood and painted in gilt. Beautifully aged patina from an estate in San Francisco, CA.
Dimensions: 44"w x 1.5"d x 66"h
Circa: Late 19th-Early 20th Century, China
Materials: Wood, Brass
Condition: Distressed, minor wear consistent with age and use. Beautifully aged and distressed patina. Age appropriate wear with losses as seen in photos.
Chinese Export Lacquered Four Panel Coromandel Screen
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Chinese Export Four Panel Lacquered Coromandel Screen
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Early 20th Century Chinese Export Six Panel Gold Leaf Coromandel Screen
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Pair of 19th Century French Provincial Painted Doors by Ira Yeager
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This free event* is fun for all ages - featuring the amazing Ultimutts Stunt Dogs performing at Beautiful Joe Park on Canada Day in Meaford, the Home of Beautiful Joe!
the Park, the monuments, and the special people- and animals - who continue to make this place so unique!
This fun event is presented by: Beautiful Joe Heritage Society and the Meaford Public Library.
Donations to Beautiful Joe Heritage Society are appreciated.
Golden Town Cruisers host a Vintage & Classic Car Show on Bayfield St.
Live music, vendors ... and lots more!


Epochs Dracula Electronic Game with Box. Tested, turns on and sounds great. I have no idea how to play it lol. Please see all pictures and message me if you have any questions regarding this listing.
I respond promptly to messages. Im a green shipper and recycle boxes and other mailing supplies when I can. Thank you for looking at my listing. The item "Epoch Dracula Tabletop Arcade ELECTRONIC Handheld Video Game Vintage with Box" is in sale since Saturday, November 24, 2018.
This item is in the category "Toys & Hobbies\Games\Electronic Games". The seller is "cwr74" and is located in Caruthers, California. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Bahamas, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica.


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Betrayed by the UK
Time's Running out to Stop Deportation of Edson Cosmas Back to Certain Doom in Tanzania
By Matty B May 24, 2011 at 4:05pm
Yesterday we brought you the story of Edson Cosmas, a Tanzanian man who petitioned England for asylum, only to be rejected on some vague technicalities. Now, the Home Office is set to deport Cosmas back to his country of origin, where a Pew survey showed that 95 percent of the population feel that homosexuality should be rejected and gays face decades in prison.
Activists have sprung into action around Cosmas' case, but can they save him in time?
Here's some contact info for consulates and embassies, a petition, and a Facebook group and another Facebook group. Will any of these things have any impact? It's hard to say.
In the case of Henry Velandia and Josh Vandiver in the United States, it seemed like the most effective strategy was getting politicians involved, but so far, Cosmas doesn't seem to have any advocate in the government.
edson cosmas Henry and Josh home office Tanzania United kingdom
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