Before we get into this section, I have a confession to make. Most people who see me immediately get the impression that I am a surfer. Maybe it's the clothes, maybe it's the hair, maybe it's that sort-of water-logged look in my eyes. Well, as much as I would love to proclaim that I've been pearling off of longboards since the days of King Kamehameha, the truth is, that I've never stood on a surfboard in the water. I carried one around for a couple hours in Honolulu back in 1973, but I don't think that counts. You see, I grew up in southern Florida and the waves there sucked. Now I am fully aware that one of the greatest surfers in the world, Kelly Slater, comes from Florida and he learned how to surf on those puny waves, but I guess I spent more time scuba diving than thinking about surfing, so I never learned how.
Don't get me wrong. I love surfing. I love surfing culture. I love everything about it. On my first day ever in southern California, I met some surfers on the beach and they hooked me up in the herbal way. That was in the days that I did those kinds of things. I also lost my wallet that day and about a week later I got a phone call from a surfer in the valley who found it in the parking lot at Trancas Market in Malibu. When I went to pick it up, we chatted a while about surfing and he told me about night surfing, something I never even dreamed of. He talked about the bioluminescent glow in the wake of the board and how at night you surfed mostly by feel. I thought that was the coolest thing in the world.
My experience with surfing has been limited to inflatable rafts at Daytona Beach, Florida, and body surfing at Hermosa Beach, California. A couple summers ago in a freak accident on the very first day of my summer vacation, I dislocated my shoulder and broke my arm body surfing there. My arm still hurts. But one day, I am going to learn how to surf, one summer when I can dedicate my entire being to it. I promise!
In the meantime, you'll just have to believe that I know a little about waves and surfing and that this account of waves, beaches, tides and the rocks they bathe all ties together somehow in a section called Surf's Up!. Whether you realize it or not, the beach is a very dynamic place, always changing and always different. And that's what makes surfing more than just a sport, more than just a pastime and more than just a way to avoid studying oceanography. That's what makes surfing a very scientific discipline, one that encompasses nearly topic that we study in oceanography.
The summer of 1997 brought some of the most spectacular waves in a decade to southern California shores, just in time for the US Open Surfing Championships in Huntington Beach. Whether you have any interest in surfing or not, the sight of those big waves and the daring feats of those that ride them evoke thrill and wonder. But just where do those big waves (or any waves for that matter) come from? Why do some waves tower like monsters from some Japanese animé while others merely caress the shore with their gentle lapping? And how is it that anyone can stand on a fiberglass board and catch a ride on these walls of water? The answers to these questions and more as we wax our minds and explore what's up when the surf's up.
Waves have frightened and inspired man for millennia. While it's the large waves that often get the most attention, waves of all sizes play an important function in the way the ocean works. And all waves, no matter how large or small, have a few fundamental characteristics in common. Let's familiarize ourselves with them.
All waves are the movement of energy through a medium (like air, rock, water...not psychics.) The term wave refers to a series of vibrations, pulses or undulations in a medium, such as water, air, or radiation. Think about all the different kinds of waves you have encountered: ocean waves, a waving flag, amber waves of grain, sound waves, even light waves. All of these waves are a manifestation of energy moving through a medium.
A water wave is the movement of energy through water. The kinds of water waves we are talking about are the rises and falls, hills and valleys, ups and downs of water (a lake, the sea, your coffee cup) that occur through the entire medium. At this point in their journey, they are non-breaking. The foamy breaking things that you see on the shore are breaking waves, or surf, the last gasp of waves that have traveled thousands of miles to spend their energy on the beach where you stand.
We are not talking about those kinds of waves right now. We are talking about the waves that travel through water before they break.
A wave has two parts: a top, known as the crest, and a bottom, known as the trough. The horizontal distance between two successive crests is defined as the wavelength. The vertical distance between the crest and the trough is defined as the wave height.
The snake-like, sinusoidal pattern of a wave is the form that all waves take. When you look at the surface of the ocean or a lake, you are seeing the net result of all the different waves that are traveling through the water at any given moment. The sea surface is a composite of all the different waves. If we were to take apart the sea surface we would find a series of sinusoidal wave patterns all with different wave lengths and wave heights. In other words, all these simple waves add up to make one big complex wave.
When waves travel through each other, they made add to each other's height or they may cancel each other out. When two waves add together making one wave that is bigger, it is called constructive interference. When two waves cancel each other out, making a flatter wave than the two individual waves, it is called destructive interference.
Now this definition of wave height is the scientific definition. Ask a surfer in southern California to define wave height and he/she will give you some measure in terms of their body length. For example, 4-5 foot waves might be described as shoulder high, 7-8 foot waves as overhead, 10-12 foot waves as double-overhead. In Hawaii, waves are measured from the back of the wave and so Hawaiian surfers tend to underestimate the true size of a wave.
The surfer definition of wave height becomes necessary to describe breaking waves, which do not follow the rules for our "ideal" sinusoidal wave. Thus, it is often practical to judge wave height using the average height of a surfer as the yard stick of measurement. In California, wave heights may be chest high (~3-4 ft), head-high (~5-6 ft.), overhead (~7-9 ft.) or double overhead (~10-12 ft.). With this scheme, anybody standing on shore can easily determine wave height, as long as there are surfers in the water.
Wave height and wavelength are static measurements of a wave. As we all know, waves move through water. Consequently, we can define the speed of a wave and two other characteristics: frequency and period.
The speed of a wave is simply how far it moves in a given amount of time. However, as it turns out, there is a close relationship between wavelength and speed, as we'll see below. Small waves tend to move slowly at a few knots (1 knot equals 1 nautical mile per hour). Medium-size waves may move at tens of knots; large waves move 30 - 50 knots and more. Tsunamis, which are the largest waves of all, can reach speeds up to 450 knots.
The period of a wave provides many important clues about surf conditions. The wave period is defined as the time between successive crests. For example, if you stand on the end of a pier, start your stopwatch when a wave hits a fixed spot, and stop your stopwatch when the next wave hits that point, you will have measured the wave period. Long-period waves tend to be larger and stronger, while short-period waves are smaller and less energetic. By measuring the period of waves, surfers can get an idea of the swell to come within the next several hours, and determine whether different swells (waves that originated in different locations out at sea) are hitting the beach at the same time. Generally, longer period waves contain travel longer distances, have more energy, and create higher breakers on the shore.
Wave frequency is important to ocean engineers and architects who construct jetties, piers, and other man-made objects in or near the ocean. The wave frequency is defined as the number of waves passing a fixed point in a given amount of time. Again, taking a stopwatch, count the number of waves that pass a fixed point over a 30-second interval. Divide by 30 and you have the wave frequency, the number of waves that pass a point every second.
All of these quantities are related to each other and can be expressed as simple mathematical equations. For example, the speed of a wave (assuming the wave is not influenced by the bottom) can be expressed as V=L/T, or speed equals the wavelength divided by the period. Note what happens to the speed of a wave as the wavelength increases. Of course, longer waves also have longer periods; it's the relationship between the wavelength and period that determine the speed of the wave, as expressed in this equation. Just thought you should know that.
So, we have different waves, but where do they come from?
If you guessed the wind, you are correct. But where does the wind come from?
If you guessed storms or the atmosphere or the sky, you are close, but really, the wind comes from an "imbalance" in air pressure. What the heck does that mean?
Consider what happens to air when you heat it. It rises. It will continue to rise until it reaches an elevation where the surrounding air has the same density (or pressure). If it cools, it will sink, again, until the surrounding air has the same density (or pressure).
Why does air rise and sink? Changes in air temperature cause changes in the density of air. Density is defined as mass per unit volume. The simplest way to think of it is as the number of air molecules in a given volume (like the amount of air in an empty 2-liter Surge Soda bottle). As you add heat to the air, the air expands, and now we have fewer air molecules in the same volume, In other words, its density decreases. The opposite happens when you cool air. Colder air is more dense than warmer air.
Increases in density also bring about increases in air pressure; decreases in density cause air pressure to be lower. When there is a difference in air pressure, the air will move and continue to move until air pressure is the same everywhere. This moving air is known as wind.
This concept of the relationship between temperature and density is very important. We will return to these ideas when we talk about deep-sea circulation and the physical structure of the water column. Understanding this concept will help us to understand physical changes in the ocean that affect organisms, including humans.
Now, how do we create these areas of high pressure and low pressure across our planet. Simple, the sun heats the equators more than the poles and we have differential heating of the planet. Cold dense air descends from the poles, warm light air rises from the equator.
On a perfectly round, non-rotating planet made up of a single material, like asphalt, for instance, the rising air at the equator and the sinking air at the poles would give rise to two giant convection cells, one in each hemisphere. But, because the Earth spins on its axis and because the surface is composed of continents and oceans, there are actually three convection cells in each hemisphere. Regardless, it is the creation of high pressure cells and low pressure cells from differential heating of the planet that give rise to the winds.
And so, what is the ultimate source of the energy that travels in water waves? THE SUN!!!! So, all waves are solar-powered, really.
When the wind blows across the surface of the water, the water begins to ripple. These tiny ripples are called capillary waves. Presumably they are called capillary waves because they are about the thickness of hair, which is where the word capillary comes from. As capillary waves form, the create tiny walls and depressions against which the wind can push even more. The net result is a transfer of energy from the wind into the water. The harder the wind blows or the longer the wind blows, the more energy that will be transferred from the wind to the water.
Okay, after all that, we have a better understanding of the winds that cause the waves, but how does the wind affect waves? How do we make bigger waves?
1) wind speed; 2) wind duration, and 3) the fetch, which is defined as the area over which the wind blows.
The importance of the fetch can be realized when you consider that the biggest waves don't come from hurricanes, which have the fastest winds, but from large storm systems that blow over hundreds, possibly thousands of miles. Hurricanes are a local wave generator and will make waves over a small area, but for the most part, the really big waves that hit our beaches come from big storms in the Antarctic or the North Pacific Ocean.
Let's take a look at how waves might be generated far out at sea. Prevailing meteorological conditions during the winter in the northern hemisphere give rise to vast low pressure systems that generate lots of wind over vast areas of the ocean. Typically, these weather systems travel northwest to southeast, generating ocean swell, sometimes called groundswell, all along the away. These winter storms may generate waves thousands of miles from your local beach. However, waves from these storms, say, with a 20-sec period, might travel at 30 knots. Over a 24 hour day, that wave would cover 720 miles. Given a distance of roughly 3000 miles (for the sake of argument) between the North Pacific Ocean and Huntington Beach, these newly generated waves might be crashing on our shores in just over four days. More times than not, the best surfing in winter comes from that northwest swell.
What about summer surfing? Remember the big waves mentioned above? In our summer, winter storms brew in the southern hemisphere (because our summer is their winter). Storm systems traveling from southwest to northeast pack a mighty punch as they wreak havoc over a much larger ocean area than is even possible in our paltry northern Pacific Ocean. Take a look at a world map. More than 60% of the oceans reside in the southern hemisphere. The greater extent of the South Pacific Ocean allows larger fetch and creates even bigger swell than we find in the northern hemisphere. Thus, south swell tends to really get things rolling around here (i.e. the waves tend to be bigger when they come from the south).
And what about hurricanes and typhoons? Don't they generate the largest waves? Not necessarily. Although wind speeds in excess of 100 knots are possible in a hurricane or typhoon, the wind energy tends to be concentrated in a much smaller area than a typical weather system. In other words, the fetch for hurricanes and typhoons is smaller. While these powerhouses create incredible wind speeds, their action is limited to the specific areas in which they occur. Waves may be larger in the region of the storm for a limited time, but the large and consistent swell generated by long-fetch winds just doesn't occur.
One other feature in the formation of wave swell is worth noting. A given wind speed can only generate waves of a certain size. After a period of time, the waves get no bigger. In this case, the seas are said to be fully formed, the largest waves that can be created for a given wind speed are being created. Once formed, the swell is free to travel as far as it can, altered only by friction with the bottom or obstacles, such as islands or continents.
The generation of waves from the time the wind starts blowing to the time that fully-formed seas developed gives rise to a series of waves with different wave periods and speeds. Since the longer period waves tend to be faster, these waves move out ahead of the rest of the waves. For this reason, groups of wave trains develop. A wave train is a group of waves traveling at the same speed across the ocean. These waves, obviously, hit the beach at the same time and, hence, create the well-known phenomenon of wave sets.
Waves travel out from these storms for thousands of miles before they hit our beaches. So what happens to a wave as it moves through the ocean and why do waves break when they reach the shore?
To understand waves, it is important to realize what is happening to water particles within the wave as the energy moves through the water. As illustrated in your book, water particles move in a kind of circular fashion as the wave energy passes through. The water in a wave has no net forward or backward motion. The particles simply move in a circle. Water particles near the surface of the wave move in larger circular orbits than water particles deeper in the water column. At some depth, the water particles don't move at all. This depth is known as the depth of no motion.
As it turns out, for reasons that are only clear to physical oceanographers and a small band of space aliens living in a remote region north of Bellatrix in the constellation Orion, the depth of no motion occurs at a distance from the sea surface that is equal to one-half the wavelength. What this means for the wave is that if it travels through water that is deeper than one-half its wavelength, then the wave can travel unimpeded by the bottom. But if the wave gets into water where the bottom depth is less than one-half the wavelength, the wave is said to "feel bottom," The wave begins to encounter friction along the bottom and this will change the wave in two fundamental ways.
The second result is that as a wave feels bottom, it begins to slow down. And since the bottom of the wave is feeling bottom first, it is the bottom of the wave that slows down first. The water particles at the bottom of the wave can no longer complete their circular orbits, so the orbits become more elongated and elliptical. However, the water particles at the top of the wave are still going like gang-busters and are moving faster than the water particles at the bottom.
The net result is that the wave starts to peak and get stretched out at the same time. Eventually, the wave peaks so high that it can no longer keep its shape and the stretching surface water particles orbit faster at the top than the wave is moving forward at the bottom, and the entire wave pitches forward and breaks. After a journey of thousands of miles, the wave meets its final destiny on the shore and spills its energy onto the beach. If it's lucky, it's short 5-6 day life span will be remembered as a short 2-3 second burst of exhilaration in the mind of some passing surfer who happened to hitch a ride.
As many of us have experienced firsthand or through re-runs of Hawaii Five-O, there are many different kinds of breaking waves. On the east coast of the US, most waves are rather gentle and spill lightly on the shore. Contrast that with a place like Pipeline on Oahu, where beautifully shaped tubes of water are the norm. What causes these differences in the size and shape of waves that we see on different shores?
It all has to do with the bottom. If the bottom slopes gently such that a wave has to travel a great distance before it reaches the shore, the wave will lose most of its energy to friction as it approaches the shore. The wave has a good distance over which it travels and slows down before it breaks. On the other hand, if the bottom rises very steeply, such that the wave only encounters the bottom at the last minute, the wave doesn't have time to slow down, and it hits the shore at a greater speed and all that energy is pitched upwards and forwards in one great burst, creating the types of BIG waves that we see at places like Jaws and Mavericks.
Besides this general effect, the shape of the bottom also has an effect on how waves break. Consider the drawing below. The dashed line represents a wave approaching shore.
The solid lines represent lines of equal depth, called isobaths. The entire plot is called a contour plot. In this type of plot we can get some idea of the three-dimensional structure of some parameter, in this case, the depth of the sea bottom. You are probably familiar with other contour plots, such as weather maps, as seen in the USA Today or on the Weather Channel, or topographic maps, such as you use for hiking.
Contour plots are very important in oceanography. They help us visualize the ocean. You should get used to reading them. Take a look at the line marked 5 feet. Everywhere on this line the water depth is 5 feet deep. Above the line, water depths are between 5 and 10 feet. Below the line, water depths are between 0 (sea level) and 5 feet.
Now, consider the wave approaching shore. As it approaches the "canyon", the wave slows down, but only where water depths are shallow, say 20 feet. In the middle of the wave, as shown in the figure, the wave maintains its speed. The wave bends because part of it is slowing down while other parts are maintaining their speed. The bending of waves is called wave refraction.
Wave refraction tells us that waves will take on the shape of the bottom. As waves begin to feel bottom, the will begin to follow the contours of the bottom. Thus, as shown in the figure, the wave bends to fit the shape of the bottom.
Try making a drawing similar to the one above, only this time, create a little hill or elevation instead of a depression or canyon. (Flip the lines up.) Draw a wave as it approaches and then draw it as it feels bottom. It should be intuitively obvious to you that the wave will slow down where depths are shallow and continue on its way where depths are deep.
Now that you know how waves bend to fit the contour of the beach, think about where the waves would break first. Of course, they are going to break in the shallower water first. If you go to the beach and watch waves, you will see that they are not all breaking in the same place. That's because some parts of the beach are deeper than others. Any lifeguard worth his salt can point out to you the presence of sand bars, breaks in the sand bars, depressions and elevations in the sea bottom in front of his lifeguard stand. Experienced surfers will also be able to tell you something about the shape of the bottom based on how the waves are breaking. Try it for yourself next time you are at the beach.
One last little item on this topic: If you are still having trouble understanding contour plots, try this simple exercise. It involves something all of you have done at one point in your life, probably when you were a little kid, maybe you are still doing it. This is an exercise in connect-the-dots.
Check it out. Connect the lines of equal depth in the drawing below. What is the feature that is revealed by the isobaths that you have drawn? If you can't figure it out then e-mail me.
Here's a few other things to think about. What if the waves are approaching at an angle? What is the effect of a submarine canyon on surfing? How does the shape of the bottom change on a daily basis?


One of the newer digital online magazines is "A Homespun Affair," which is published monthly. You can get a free subscription by following this LINK.
In the August 2012 edition, you'll see that I was honored when my Independence Day card was chosen as winner of the July challenge!
For this month's challenge, there's a color challenge (blue, red and taupe) as well as a challenge to re-imagine one of the projects shown by the AHA design team in the August issue. This project I designed to answer the color challenge. It's also a prelude to projects that I will feature this weekend on the "School is Cool" Blog Hop.
This month's AHA magazine also features a unique twist on an explosion box design by Tiffany Simmons, which I do want to try. It served as inspiration for the "box" but I wanted the gable design for the roof.
I found this cute house box pattern on Silhouette America, and used my Silhouette Cameo to cut the file. It was VERY quick and easy as you can see in the top left photo here. One piece, with scored fold lines, makes it easy to assemble. I then set about making the project my own, by changing up the one side (to make a door instead of all windows) and embellishing with cut pieces and paper.
Stop back on Saturday and Sunday to see more companion pieces to this cute box!
OMG Ellen!! I just love this gable box!! What a GREAT and creative make of a gable! Blown away!! <3 <3!!!
I am really impressed by your gable box! It's awesome! Thank you so much for entering your project in the color challenge!
Really super cute!!! Awesome job on that box. Thanks for entering the color challenge!


text:
About Richiș
Transylvanian Saxons
History of saxons
from Transilvania
The Saxons or the Saxons of Transylvania (German phrase Siebenbürger Sachsen, colloquially Sachsen, in Saxon Soxen dialect) are a population of German ethnic origin, established in the South and North-East of Transylvania in the mid-12th century. The colonisation of the Saxons of Transylvania was initiated by Géza II King of Hungary (1141-1162), because of economic and military reasons. For several decades, the main charge of German colonists was to defence the border of the Hungarian Kingdom at the South of Transylvania, the process of German colonisation in Transylvania continuing until the 14th century. The origin of the inhabitants' name following the colonisation of Transylvania by German colonists whose main provenance was Rhineland Palatinate, is controversial and still unelucidated by the researchers, because a relatively small number of the colonists were of Saxon origin, noticing that paradoxically, the name of "Saxons" was taken by themselves in the 14th century. The first documentary mentions of the 12th century and of the beginning of the 13th century refer to "Flandrenses", "Saxones" and "Teutons". The documents of the papal archives of the same period prefer the name of "Teutons", and the Arpadian documents name them "Saxones". The name of "Saxons" (Saxones) given to colonists is documentarily attested only in 1206, when Andrew II King of Hungary (1205-1235) conferred privileges to Saxons (in Latin primi hospites regni) of Cricău (Krakau), Ighiu (Krapundorf) and Romos (Rumes) and ensured them an own legal status. Since the royal chancellery inculcated the name of "Saxon", the Germans of Transylvania were names unitarily Saxons. At the beginnings of colonisation, the name of "Saxons" was given to poor mineworkers and to convicted persons of Saxony, the language spoken by the Saxons being named, in Saxon dialect saksesch (in German sächsisch) quite recently, while the villagers themselves used to designate their way of speaking as cadetsch (in German deutch), so German, while literary German (in German hochdeutsch) was designated in Saxon dialect as muëseresch, i.e. the "language of Austrian soldiers", who were considered foreigners.
The first German colonists (Frankish, Wallonian and Flemish) – came from the territories of the basins of rivers Rhine and Moselle. Apart from the Magyar crown, an important role in the process of German colonisation at the south of Transylvania was played by The Teutonic Order, the Cistercian monastery Igriş of Banat, as well as the Cistercian abbey Cârţa of Ţara Făgăraşului, the territory of the south of Transylvania colonised by Germans having a surface of about 30,000 sq km. From the territorial and administrative point of view, the territories inhabited by the Saxons were organised in the County of Sibiu or Sibiu Province. Later, during the first half of the 14th century, during the reign of the Angevin king Charles Robert of Hungary, the Saxons were organised in Saxon Chairs which will become later – the Medieval fortified citadels and churches of Transylvania, the Saxons being self-governed, organised in a large administrative unit named Königsboden.
The Mongolian invasion of 1241 largely destroyed the Hungarian Kingdom, even if the Saxons did all the best to resist, and many of their dwellings were destroyed. Before the invasion, plenty of Transylvanian tows were had been fortified and were economically developed. Many were protected by Kirchenburgen – massive wall fortified churches. The rapid expansion of the towns populated by the Saxons gave to Transylvania the German name Siebenbürgen (in Latin Septem Castra), referring to seven of the fortified towns: Bistritz (Bistrița, Beszterce), Hermannstadt (Sibiu, Nagyszeben), Klausenburg (Cluj, Kolozsvár), Kronstadt (Brașov, Brassó), Mediasch (Mediaș, Medgyes), Mühlbach (Sebeș, Szászsebes), Schässburg(Sighișoara, Segesvár).
Together with the nobility of Transylvania, with the clergy and with the Székelys, the Saxons were members of Unio Fraterna, concluded in 1437 during the Insurrection of Bobâlna run by Antal Nagy Budai. by this agreement, the four entities promised mutual support against the external (Ottoman expansion) and inner (villagers' insurrections) dangers, which led to the tacit exclusion of Romanian, Jewish, Greek and Armenian peoples of the political life of Transylvania. Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor tried to dissolve Unio Fraterna at the end of the 18th century, in order to modernise the empire and to remove the medieval organisation. Even if his actions did not have the effect intended, the Saxon intellectuality started to have the minority conscience, the numerical ratio placing the Saxons in an inferiority position against the Hungarian and Romanian nationalists, who started to affirm the demographic argument. During the Revolution of 1848, some of the Saxon intellectuals supported the Romanian people's trials to obtain political rights, so the pastor Stephan Ludwig Roth, who supported the Romanian ideals of obtaining political rights, was executed by the Magyar resurgent people during the revolution. Even if the trial of the Magyar forces to obtain higher control on Transylvania was defeated by the Austrian and Russian forces in 1849, the understanding between Austria and Hungary of 1867 had negative effects on the political rights of the Saxons. During the Austria-Hungary, the Magyar bourgeoisie launched a vast policy of Magyarisation in order to fight the nationalism of all the other ethnic groups of the Magyar part of the Kingdom. At the end of the First World War, the majority of the Saxons supported the unification of Transylvania with the Romanian Kingdom.
The rights and obligations of the German colonists were included in the so called Andreanum (in German Goldener Freibrief der Siebenbürger Sachsen), a document issued in 1224 by Andrew II King of Hungary. By this important document, there were confirmed to the German population, settled on the territory bordered by Drăuşeni and Orăştie, the territorial, administrative, jurisdictional and ecclesiastic autonomy, stipulating also its obligations to the kings of Hungary. The Saxon communities were governed by a mayor (in German Honn, Hann, Ortsvorstand, Dorfrichter), and from the introduction of the Austrian and Hungarian dualist regime and from the dissolution of the Saxon Nation University (Sächsische Nationsuniversität), the Saxons lost the basis of their autonomy. Practically, since 1867, the main representative institution for the Saxons was the Lutheran Church which undertook, among other, the administration of Saxon education. From this perspective, the situation did not change in 1918, when Transylvania became a component part of Greater Romania, the recently formed Romanian State did not recognise the corporative rights of minorities, so that the Lutheran Church had to big efforts to support financially the Saxon education. This situation lasted until 1940, when the authority over the schools was taken by the German Ethnic Group of Romania, recognised as legal entity after a law-decree issued on 28th November 1940 by Marshal I. Antonescu. Following the instauration of communism, the entire education system, including the schools where teaching was in a different language than Romanian, was managed exclusively by the Romanian State.
During the Second World War, following the Dictate of Vienna, North Transylvania was attached to Hungary; on this occasion, for the first time in history, the territories inhabited by the Transylvanian Saxons being divided and about 70,000 Germans (re)became citizens of Hungary. Following all these territorial changes and by the population displacement, the amount of the German ethnic group living in Romania decreased with more than a third. After 23rd August 1944, when Soviet troops occupied Romania, many of the Saxons of North Transylvania, especially those of Ţara Năsăudului, as well as the Banat Swabians, were evacuated by Germania, so that about 100,000 of them absconded from the Red Army. Those remaining in Romania were included in Mandatory Work Divisions and deportations in Soviet Union and in Bărăgan. The remaining Saxons were not expulsed by the communist government, but the Romanian State was remarked by the so-called "sale" of minorities, which affected the German ethnic group of Romania, as well as the Jewish people. Practically, the German Federal Government paid a certain money amount for each German ethnic receiving the approval of the authorities of Bucharest to emigrate.
Being considered Auslandsdeutsche ("foreign Germans") by the German government, the Transylvanian Saxons received the right to German citizenship, and most of them emigrated in Germany, both before the fall of communism and during the first years after 1989. Following the massive emigrations, the amount of Saxons of Romania decreased visibly and Saxon villages remained desert, being abusively occupied by Romani people, for a long period of time, until the Romanian legislation becoming in 1990 a democratic one, established the legislative bases in order for the "fugitive" Saxons to be able to retrocede the houses and lands taken from one generation to another.
The landscape of Transylvanian Saxon villages, modelled for centuries by generations of artisan Saxons, together with the multitude of flora and fauna species, less affected by pollution, the traditional way of co-working with nature, the old traditions transmitted, all of them transformed Transylvania into a destination of "return to the roots" of Saxons, but also an impressive holiday destination for Romanian and foreign tourists. Today, the Romanian land developed by Saxons became a rarity in Europe, even if from the former Saxon villages all that remained were the stories and the houses. But there is something that remained after them, equally important. Their beneficial influence.
About Richiș village
History of Transylvanian Saxons
How to get to Richiș
Richiș
Richiş village – in the past Richişul, Richişdorf, Râchişdorf, Rechişdorf (in Saxon dialect Rechesdref, Reχestref, in German Reichesdorf, Reichersdorf, in Magyar Riomfalva), is localised in the Northern part of Sibiu County, in Podisul Tarnavelor (Tarnave Plateau), under the jurisdiction of Biertan commune.
Richiș on map
© 2021 Richiș village. By Craft Interactive

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


News programs have undergone a big makeover in recent times. We saw the stiff collared, hair neatly parted men and women getting replaced by more vivacious and interactive anchorpersons. We also saw the news formats change; from people simply reading outside of scripts to new presenters leading their unique personality for the program. The formats became more descriptive and segments became considerably more divided and comprehensive, each getting its share of air time and exposure. Television viewers adapted beautifully to this format, since they were the ones who got more information and comprehensive stories. News channels on the other hand, also looked out for ways to make the stories more informative and entertaining.
Digital age gave rise to a number of satellite channels that would compete against one another to obtain higher ratings and get more viewers. With this effort, networks did start to spread across the globe and alliances began to be formed. Current affairs, sports news, entertainment news, all started to get more comprehensive. People got to see all sorts of games and events from all around the globe. Most of the sports news segment have been covered and dominated by few media companies like ESPN, BBC Sports, Sky News and Fox Sports.
These networks have their correspondents and reporters covering any action which takes place in the field of sports; be it a live game, game report analysis, game statistics, player information, calendar of major sports events, sports functions etc. Each of the news relevant to the sports world is presented through these channels. Often these established channels too need to go through major makeovers to get to the top slot. In the recent times Sky Sports and Sky News proceeded to go through this sort of major facelift. It changed the format of its shows, its studios and also the music. It also included several attractive female news presenters and reporters to achieve a wider reach into the masses.
As the web has grown to be as a reliable source of constant information, a large number of news providers have in addition gone online giving its viewers the bandwidth to gain access to information at all times. However, some news providers have gone on and taken news presenting to a new platform altogether. Now, one can see naked news on the internet with simple applications like QuickTime, RealPlayer and Windows Media Player.
This paid website enables its members to capture the news being read by naked presenters. This community allows members to catch all the interesting stories from the realm of sports, entertainment, current affairs etc. These daily news reports and features are brought from all around the globe and presented by attractive and beautiful celebrity models. Members also get to see the auditions of such presenters and also gain access to the archives of the past programs which were already aired. The latest sports programs this channel is covering include the soccer games in Italy. They've recently been airing the auditions of the new naked news anchors.


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The Time Doc Rivers Cursed Out Al Jefferson Over Something We All Do
by: Fred Katz April 21, 2016
If you're reading this on mobile, then you're already at risk of Doc Rivers yelling at you — or worse.
Cell-phone culture has changed over the years, but one rule has remained steadfast: Try your best not to take personal calls and messages when you're at the office, especially in the middle of a meeting. How bad does that look, right?
Well, if arenas are the offices of NBA players and if meetings are just games and practices, then it appears players are committing the cardinal sin more often than many might realize. As Andrew Keh of the New York Times chronicles, players are checking their phones at halftime a whole bunch these days. What used to be shielded from the outside world, has infiltrated the locker room now. And it's not just happening in the middle of games, either.
Current Hornets and former Celtics big man Al Jefferson felt the burn once:
Al Jefferson, Hawes's teammate on the Hornets, recalled being cursed out by Doc Rivers 11 years ago in his own rookie season with the Boston Celtics for daring to check his messages before tipoff.
"I'm still not a big fan of people checking their phones at halftime," Jefferson said as he sat with his feet in a bucket of ice, fiddling with his phone, after a recent game. "But times change. Cellphones are people's life now."
Even a young Big Al, who claims he isn't a big fan of using phones at halftime, is checking texts before tipoff. And that was more than a decade ago, during a time when phones weren't nearly as pervasive in our culture as they are today.
He couldn't have been checking Twitter. Or Instagram. Heck, he couldn't have even had an iPhone. None of those technologies existed 11 years ago.
Maybe with all the addictive programming cell phones have today, it's more worth it. But it'd be fun to ask Big Al now, are you glad you glanced away from basketball to perfect your t9word skills?
(Via New York Times)
Topics: #Boston CelticsTags: Al Jefferson, BOSTON CELTICS, DOC RIVERS


Liz Robison expresses a fascination for names - a fascination which these days can often be associated with regret.
I watched a fascinating BBC4 programme this week about David Lloyd George, presented by Huw Edwards. I had not realised what a key innovator he was, being the force behind the National Insurance Act and the beginnings of old age pensions.
Some years ago I read an article in the archives of The Huddersfield Examiner about an old lady who had starved to death. At the inquest her neighbour told the coroner that all she had had to live on was her �Lloyd George�, illustrating how important provision in old age appeared to people in the early twentieth century.
Lloyd George�s name was blemished later over a cash for honours scandal (�Lloyd George knew my father�.�), but Huw Edwards believed that Lloyd George despised the House of Lords hereditary privilege and did not think that what he did was so awful.
Anyway the programme was an interesting insight onto the transformation from the Victorian self-help ethos towards the creation of the Welfare State.
We had a pleasant day out in Clitheroe, Lancs., this week where there is an interesting gallery and craft shop called The Platform housed in the old railway station, while present day train travellers use a newer, tackier building alongside. Clitheroe is a pleasant market town in quite a rural setting, overlooked by the mighty Pendle Hill, on the edge of the Trough of Bowland. We ate in a very classy caf�-bar nearby � the best club sandwich I have ever had. Next door is an amazing department store selling hardware, ironmongery and every kind of household goods you could desire: a really nice old fashioned place, on three floors.
Clitheroe was the location of the famous sign seen outside a caf�: Home of the Traitors Pie: Lancashire Hot-Pot in a large Yorkshire pudding!
The only bugbear of the day was traffic. It took us two hours to go forty-four miles. Still, it gave us time to notice the boarded up pub in almost every community we passed through, including our own late-lamented Shepherd�s Rest. When we first came to Holmfirth in 1975 it was called The Bare knuckle Boys and apparently it did used to be a pugilists pub. A new landlord thought the name was downmarket and renamed it. We called it The Bare Shepherd.
Names always fascinate me and near Sowerby Bridge outside Halifax we went through an area called Friendly. So there was the Friendly Co-op, the Friendly Inn, Friendly Post Office etc. I hope the community lives up to its name.
Seeing Waterloo Street, Trafalgar Terrace, Mafeking St, and Kaffir Ave on our travels made me reflect on the fact that after the Boer War, battles, even if �won�, were still too terrible to commemorate in that way.
Now housing developments have names like Spring Glade, (sounds like air freshener), The Mews, Sycamore Close and so on. Someone said that the suburbs are where they cut down trees and then name the streets after them.
Hairdressers are inventive with names and three we saw were: Headquarters, A Cut Above, and Hair Today.
Our sixteen year old Isuzu 4x4 died this week � too much of a rust bucket to pass the MOT. Our son will try and sell it for parts on e-bay. It has been a valuable workhorse for pulling the caravan and hauling pots to Craft fairs, as well as being the only way we could get out during the recent snowy weather. But we feel too guilty about gas guzzling now and we have decided to do without a replacement, and if we need a truck we will borrow our son�s, and he can use my car.
I had a spare wheel cover made several years ago advertising our Booth House Gallery � hand made ceramics etc. The kids used to joke that Dad could no longer park on the double yellow lines outside the bank because everyone would know who it was.
I lie as lads would choose.


Gain a better understanding of legal and regulatory requirements and practical considerations for both electronic and paper document retention and destruction.
Financial institutions are subject to an array of statutory, common law and other obligations to preserve documents. Given the size of many financial institutions and the complex regulations governing them, financial institutions are acutely sensitive to the costs, burdens, challenges and pitfalls associated with document preservation and destruction.
This topic helps internal and external counsel for financial institutions to understand the obligations they face, and the best practices for creating cost-effective and efficient document retention and destruction policies.
This information is critical for any financial institution, especially those that are considering making changes to their policies, implementing new document related software, or engaging in litigation.
You will be able to define the best practices for efficiently and effectively retaining necessary documents and ridding your institution of unnecessary documents.
You will be able to explain when and why outside counsel should become involved in document retention and destruction issues.
You will be able to identify the rules and principles that may apply to your institution's document retention and destruction obligations.
You will be able to recognize good and bad document retention and destruction policies and practices.


As part of our commemoration students have been studying the Anzac story, including the origin of the Gallipoli Oak. They created an avenue of poppies in the corridors of the school. All students created poppies using different mediums. On April 28th all students assembled at the Cenotaph in Oakleigh. They then marched down the Avenue Of Honour and entred the school via our Memorial Gates (in memory of the students who went to our school and who died in WW1). The tree planting ceremony included a performance from the school choir and the program was based on the suggested order of ceremony. During the day all students tied a 'gratitude' (written on a luggage tag) to the Memorial Gates to honour the soldiers who served our country. Each child wrote a different message.


President Donald Trump has received a lunchtime briefing on the government's response to wildfires in California.
White House spokeswoman Lindsay Walters says Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue also briefed Trump and Vice President Mike Pence on a wildfire prevention roundtable he participated in Monday.
Trump has declared a state of emergency in the state and ordered federal agencies to help with the efforts.
She also says the White House "extends its thoughts and prayers" to everyone affected by the fires that have been tearing through Southern California.
Authorities have issued new alerts about unhealthy air from smoke and ash sent up by a growing Southern California wildfire.
Richard Sanchez, a manager at Jeannine's American Bakery Restaurant in the foothill enclave of Montecito, says customers are coming in Monday wearing masks. He says smoke is so thick that visibility is down to a few feet and a layer of ash is coating the streets.
Regulators are warning people in parts of Santa Barbara, Ventura and Los Angeles counties to stay indoors, avoid vigorous outdoor activities and not do anything to stir up ash.
Even residents of Montecito and neighboring Carpinteria who aren't under evacuation orders have opted to leave because of the thick blanket of smoke.
A growing Southern California wildfire is threatening the wealthy seaside enclave of Montecito, where celebrities have evacuated estates perched on hillsides below heavy flames.
Talk show host Ellen DeGeneres said on Twitter that neighbors were helping each other and their animals get to safety. She said she was proud to be a part of the small, exclusive community in Santa Barbara County northwest of Los Angeles.
Retired tennis star Jimmy Connors tweeted that his property was in danger.
Many residents of Montecito and neighboring Carpinteria not under evacuation orders have opted to leave because of heavy smoke and ash blowing through.
Crews aided by calm overnight winds kept a wall of flames from descending from mountains into coastal towns after a huge Southern California wildfire exploded in size over the weekend.
Thousands remain under evacuation orders Monday as the fire churns west through foothill areas of Carpinteria and Montecito, Santa Barbara County seaside towns about 75 miles (120 kilometers) northwest of Los Angeles. Much of the fire's new growth occurred on the eastern and northern fronts into unoccupied areas of Los Padres National Forest.
The fire, which had already destroyed more than 750 buildings, burned six more in Carpinteria on Sunday. It's just 10 percent contained after burning nearly 360 square miles (930 square kilometers).
Officials say the blaze, which broke out a week ago in neighboring Ventura County, is now the 5th largest in California history.


text:
WWOB Ticket Policy
Youth Production
Broadway Bound Kids
B'way Bound Littles
Support WWOB
WWOB Partners
About WWOB
Who Is Way Way Off-Broadway?
Way Way Off-Broadway Theatre Company was founded by a group of people with a true passion for theatre and a dedicated belief in its importance in the community. Our company believes that the southeast New Mexico area is ready for the next level of theatrical production, both as performers and audience members. Read below to find out more about WWOB – who we are, what we do, and why we do it!
WWOB's Mission and History
WWOB's Mission and Purpose is to entertain, educate, and enrich our local community by providing professional-level theatrical experiences for performers and audiences alike… READ MORE
WWOB Board of Directors
As a registered non-profit corporation, Way Way Off-Boradway is overseen by a five-member, elected Board of Directors. Board Members serve five-year, staggered terms on the Board, with one member's term ending every year… READ MORE
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Aside from the Board of Directors, Way Way Off-Broadway is operated day-to-day by its volunteer staff, who are responsible for planning and coordinating productions along with the individual Production Teams… READ MORE
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THANK YOU TO OUR SPONSORS AND SUPPORTERS
Way Way Off-Broadway Theatre Company
Located in Roswell, New Mexico
WWOB is a non-profit 501(c)3 Corporation
For Information Contact – (575) 317-0157
Summer Souza – Artistic Director
Tony Souza – Managing Director
Devon Bullock – Music Director
Cydni Vandiver – Education Director
Michele Massey – Outreach Coordinator
"Love art in yourself, not yourself in art." – Konstantin Stanislavski
Copyright 2020 © Way Way Off-Broadway Theatre Company, Inc. , All rights reserved.


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Ohio lawmakers ask for UTMC audit
Lawmakers, including Ohio Sen.Theresa Fedor, are asking for a full audit to be conducted in order to evaluate UTMC's finances.
Author: Amy Steigerwald
Published: 6:05 PM EDT July 8, 2020
TOLEDO, Ohio — The Save UTMC coalition is continuing its push to save the University of Toledo Medical Center. Lawmakers, including state Sen. Theresa Fedor, D-Toledo, are asking for a full audit to be conducted in order to evaluate UTMC's finances.
"It's critically important because the University of Toledo board of trustees is getting ready to sell UTMC, have it managed or lease it," Fedor said.
Last month, ProMedica released a statement saying it was interested in managing the medical center but would allow the University of Toledo to maintain ownership.
Lawmakers are concerned about the possible conflicts of interest with the academic affiliation agreement between ProMedica and UToledo. They also believe UTMC has been a valuable asset to the northwest Ohio community throughout the coronavirus pandemic.
Back when COVID-19 testing opportunities were very slim throughout the state of Ohio, UTMC was one of the first local places to be able to run tests and get the results faster.
"UTMC stepped up to the plate and put together and made that opportunity for us here in this area," State Rep. Lisa Sobecki, D-Toledo, said.
Lawmakers say it's unclear what questions need to be answered through this audit because of the lack of transparency.
RELATED: Northwest Ohio hospitals to receive millions of dollars in federal funding for coronavirus relief
RELATED: Save UTMC Coalition reaches out to interim UToledo president


Storage humidity: when working ,10%~80%, storage: 15%~80%.
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Display parameters: SPO2 value, PR value, oxygen bar chart, pulse waveform.
Display screen: The product IS used two-color OLED screen display, four directions, six display modes.
Voltage Warning: Low voltage warning tips for batteries when low voltage may affect normal use.
Automatic shutdown: When no signal is generated, the product will shut down automatically after 8 seconds.


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Kurt Bikkembergs (Hasselt, 5 augustus 1963) is een Belgisch componist en dirigent.

Biografie
Kurt Bikkembergs werd geboren te Hasselt in 1963. Hij studeerde en behaalde einddiploma's muziekpedagogie, compositie, koorleiding en orkestleiding aan het Lemmensinstituut te Leuven en vervolmaakte zich op internationale meestercursussen in België en Oostenrijk bij o.a. Robert Sund (Zweden) en Timothy Brown (VK) voor koorleiding en bij Heinz Kratochwil (Oostenrijk) voor compositie. Hij is koorleider/docent aan het Lemmensinstituut, artistiek leider van de Capella di Voce en van het Nederlands Studenten Kamerkoor, en gastdirigent bij het Vlaams Radiokoor. Van 2002 tot 2008 was hij koorleider aan de Vlaamse Opera, van 2007 tot 2010 dirigent/artistiek leider van het EuroChor (AGEC) en van 2002 tot 2013 kapelmeester aan de St. Michael en St. Goedele Kathedraal te Brussel. Hij is actief medewerker van Europa Cantat en het EMJ te Neerpelt. Hij werkte aan opdrachten in binnen- en buitenland. In 2010 richtte hij Montefagorum Productions op, een cd-label voor Vlaamse hedendaagse koormuziek.

Hij schrijft voornamelijk koormuziek. Zijn composities werden uitgegeven bij Schott Music, Annie Bank, Oxford University Press en Euprint.

Dirigent van
H.-Hartkoor, Hasselt (1982-1986)
Jeugdkoor en Capella Beatae Mariae ad Lacum, Tienen (1985-2003)
Kinder- en jeugdkoor Con Amore, Alken (1985-1991)
St.-Joriskoor, Alken (1986-1991)
Capella Sancti Quintini, Hasselt (1990-1998)
Capella di Voce, Stevoort (1998- )
Capella Sanctorum Michaelis et Gudulae, Brussel (2002-2013)
Eurochor, AGEC (2007-2010)
 Nederlands Studenten Kamerkoor (2012-2018)

Cd's met werk van deze componist
Kurt Bikkembergs - Incipit Apocalypsis Ioannis Apostoli
Kurt Bikkembergs - Choral Works
Europese Kerstliederen uit Oost en West
Contemporary Music from Flanders - Composers at the Lemmensinstituut
Het Binvignat-Houdtappelorgel (1793) in de Sint-Quintinuskathedraal van Hasselt
Paella met noten en andere kleine liedjes
Kind'ren hadden genoeg van de straat - Wat heeft ie't druk, mijn vader
Emitte spiritum tuum - Cathedral music
In Circulo Anni - Gaudeamus
Sacred works
Sacred works II
Water, water, babbelwater ...
Prometheus
Officium Sanctorum
This we know
Am siebenten Tage
Debarim
De nieuwe oogst. Nationale koorcompositie 2005
Hovenier van de nacht
Jenny Spanoghe from classical violin to five-string viola
Parels

Externe link
Website van Kurt Bikkembergs

Belgisch componist
Belgisch dirigent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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'We didn't think anyone in America cared'
Peter Rogness / January 23, 2009
Woody Allen is often quoted as saying that "Ninety percent of life is just
showing up."
I don't know if I've ever been in a group that has been thanked so often for
simply showing up. The 39 bishops who participated in our annual Bishops'
Academy in Israel and Palestine in January heard it again and again. We
traveled there because of the long-extended invitation of Bishop Munib
Younan, Evangelical Lutheran Church of Jordan and the Holy Land (ELCJHL), a
church small in numbers, but deeply rooted in the area and engaging in
ministry of vital and strategic importance in the midst of the events that
constantly unfold in this region. The trip was almost cancelled as the fighting
in Gaza broke out less than two weeks before our departure, but it went on as
planned.
Our primary purpose was to "accompany" the ELCJHL — to be with them,
support them, learn from them … in short, to show up. The visit was more
than simply lip service. Bishop Younan told a group of ecumenical guests at
dinner one evening: "Accompaniment is different from solidarity. You can be
in solidarity and still sleep in your own bed!" Our hosts were clearly worried
that our own beds would be both tempting and justifiable as war broke out.
The fact that we chose to come anyway turned out to be a powerful statement
that was not lost on them.
The trip didn't make any of us foreign policy experts. We were church, not
politicians. We worshiped, prayed, sang, and shared bread. And we made a
significant pastoral visit in deep ways. The leaders — pastors and ministry
leaders — were buoyed to know people from North America were interested
(five bishops from the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Canada also traveled
with us). When we spent time with the people — sharing meals in homes of
congregational members or visiting the schools and ministries of the ELCJHL
— we heard this sobering comment frequently: "We didn't think anyone in
America cared about Palestinians."
The Palestinian Christians feel under siege. Because they are Palestinians,
they endure the same restrictions on movement and living options as all
Palestinians. If you aren't an Israeli citizen or a Jerusalem resident, movement
through the checkpoints is problematic at best and sometimes forbidden.
Jerusalem has lost a substantial portion of its Christian population, and
across the entire country Christians comprise only 1.5 percent of the
population. This is an alarming drop in what had until recent years been a
strong presence of all three Abrahamic faiths in this land. Though alarming, it
is also the case that Christians are positioned to play a significant role in
events as they unfold because of their international connections.
Perhaps this connection of Palestinian Christians with other Christian people
around the world could be a significant factor in changing the current course
of events. In that land, there are signs that Christians have facilitated such
bridges. Bishop Munib Younan is respected by Jewish, Muslim, and Christian
leaders alike. And locally, the Lutheran schools we visited are a mix of
Christian and Muslim young people who have learned to live together well.
They respect one another's traditions, and they share a love of this land. They
watch with both alarm and hope. In one discussion, after a student made a
strong statement hostile to Israel, another student — a Muslim — was quick
to respond, "No! They're people too, just like us." But the tension is real, and
the life experiences are distant between Palestinian and Jew.
Though we went to visit the Palestinian Lutheran church, we didn't spend
time only among Palestinians. We also went for the purpose of raising our
own awareness of the issues and positioning ourselves to better advocate for
peace in that land. To those ends we had arranged a broad, balanced agenda.
We were hosted by an Israeli cabinet minister and the whole group — or parts
of it — spent time with the ministries of foreign affairs, tourism, and interior
(which there means security, a huge issue). We met with the Chief Rabbinate
of Jerusalem, overseen by two rabbis. We toured with Israeli guides who
educated us about settlements, large areas of housing the Israelis have
established on the West Bank in areas designated for the Palestinians. Most of
our group attended a Shabbat service at one of two local synagogues.
What did I bring home from the trip? First, we were told we strengthened the
ministry of the church there, now and in the future. We came away deeply
committed to the necessity of using our voice to insist on a political solution
that gives respect and dignity to both peoples — two states, a shared
Jerusalem, and an end to the occupation of all designated Palestinian areas,
which include the West Bank and Gaza. The United States has substantial
influence in the area, and I choose to believe ours is a democracy that works
well. The voices of people of conscience and conviction can be heard by those
who make our nation's policy decisions on our behalf.
Finally, I came away convinced that this area is a holy land and was reminded
that God hears the prayers of people's pain and their yearning for peace and
justice. This is the land to which the Prince of Peace chose to come. It may be
that it continues to be holy not only because it's where world-changing
events happened 2000 years ago, but also because it continues to exist in the
midst of crossfire and conflict.
Pastor Mitri Raheb, Christmas Lutheran Church in Bethlehem, reminded us
that this land of Palestine has always been crisscrossed by superpowers —
the Egyptians, Hittites (Turks), Assyrians, Persians, and Europeans. In the eyes
of Palestinians, the Jews who began streaming from around the world to
establish Israel in 1948 are occupiers of their land, particularly in the West
Bank, which was to have been Palestinian. Jewish people believe theirs is an
equally historic claim to the land. Therein lies much of the depth of the
conflict.
And God chose this peripheral land to be a holy place, just as God has always
asserted divine presence with those peoples on the margins.
Today the challenge of making human community whole is nowhere greater.
This land is not simply a tourist destination; it's the locale for divine drama.
And in ways I still don't fully understand, I think it's important for us to show
Peter Rogness is the bishop of the Saint Paul Area Synod of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church in America. He returned from a trip to the Middle East on
January 16.


During the restoration and re-painting of Sea Lark, I decided to apply Silky Oak veneer to the transom. This could be easily applied by vacuum bagging. To do this I needed to build a DIY vacuum bagging system as professional systems were way out of reach.
Vacuum bagging uses a vacuum pump to extract the air from inside a vacuum bag and by doing so compress the part under atmospheric pressure in order for the clamping and hardening process to take place.


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Wendy Williams Just Dropped a Shocking Bombshell About Her 22-Year Marriage to Kevin Hunter
Television host Wendy Williams is known for her feisty and straightforward personality but she seems to have a soft spot for her husband despite rumors saying that he's been unfaithful to her.
Not anymore though.
Alleged Infidelity
Williams filed for divorce from her husband of 22 years Kevin Hunter citing irreconcilable differences as the reason.
The talk show host has finally filed for divorce from her husband, television producer Kevin Hunter. While she cited irreconcilable differences as the reason for her wish to separate from her husband, her fans and the public know better.
For years, the couple was hounded with rumors about Hunter's alleged infidelity to his wife. And for years, Williams chose to stick with him despite them. But the final straw came when news about one of Hunter's mistresses giving birth to a love child broke out and reached the host. Weeks after, Williams promptly filed for divorce.
The effect of her husband's infidelity took a toll on Williams mental health and sobriety as proven by her admission on her hit show, The Wendy Williams Show. Amidst the rumors that led to her decision to file for divorce, Williams opened up about her recent relapse into old habits. She didn't specify which but said that she's been spending some time in a sober living facility.
Some news outlets speculate that it was alcohol and prescription drugs she turned to as a coping mechanism after learning about her husband's affair.
Stark Contrast
Williams has previously defended her husband when rumors about his affairs would surface.
Her recent actions are said to be a stark contrast to how she used to defend her husband when negative rumors about him would make the news.
Though she didn't deny these hearsays, the host said she would always take Hunter's side and said that she will stand with her man no matter what.
It's also worth noting that Williams even gave a nice shoutout to Hunter on her show a year ago. Saying that she's still wearing her wedding ring after 20 years, she described her husband as a best friend as well as a lover.
What more, she's previously stated that marriages aren't easy, hers included but professed that her ring won't be going anywhere ever.
Williams is singing a different tune these days.
The then-happy couple with their only child Kevin Hunter, Jr.
Some attribute Williams initially blase attitude towards the cheating gossip to the fact that her husband also serves as an executive producer on her talk show.
Fearing the aftermath of their split would affect the show, she was hesitant of finally standing up against her husband's rather public infidelity.
There's also the fact that the couple has previously weathered earlier instances of cheating by Hunter back in 2001. Williams even wrote about the incident and her feelings about it on her memoir saying that he broke her number rule.
Now, it seems like she's made her final decision and not even an alleged $40,000 bribe from her husband would convince her otherwise.
You'll Never Guess Which Celebrity Married Sophie Turner and Joe Jonas in Their Surprise Wedding
Kylie Jenner Brought a Wedding Dress on Her Birthday Trip, This Could Only Mean One Thing
Why It Took Alex Rodriguez Several Months Just to Pick J-Lo's Million-Dollar Engagement Ring
You'll Never Believe How Joe Jonas Made The First Move to Meet His Now-Wife Sophie Turner
Kaley Cuoco Wanted so Many Horses at Her Wedding Because of This Totally Adorable Reason
Is The So-Called '7-Year Itch' Really to Blame For Adele's Divorce? Experts Weigh In


In the two days since Nipsey Hussle was killed in Los Angeles, information has slowly been making its way out about the alleged suspect, Eric Holder. LAPD says Holder approached Nipsey on multiple occasions Sunday and engaged him in conversation regarding personal dispute. Two other men were shot as well, however their wounds were not life-threatening.
The area where Hussle was killed has seen an increase in shootings in recent weeks, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti told a news conference.
Los Angeles police said officers were sent to determine if the man in custody was indeed Holder.
The LAPD have shared a photograph of Holder, who reportedly fled the scene in a 2016 Chevy Cruze waiting in the alley, driven by an unidentified woman. The 33-year-old rapper ultimately died of gunshot wounds to the head and torso, according to the Los Angeles County coroner's office.
Reports state that CBD, which is derived from hemp, is now legalized, given that the Congress passed the farm bill previous year . The FDA is fully aware of the popularity of CBD products, and this consumer enthusiasm will be hard to control.
"We have a reason to feel hopeful, even in the moments of our most extreme pain", Garcetti said. TMZ reports that a man matching Holder's description was arrested in the L.A. suburb of Bellflower around 12:53 PM PT.
Holder opened fire, hitting Hussle and two other men who survived, police said. Soboroff still hopes to have that meeting with Roc Nation and Hussle's family when they're ready.
Tributes have poured in for the rapper, whose debut album Victory Lap was nominated for best rap album at this year's Grammy Awards.
Still, many countries in the West, including the UK, Italy, Germany and others, are approaching Huawei with extra care. All of which could well just push operators to seek alternatives.
It's very important for us to have them in a very good physical condition for the last seven matches of the Premier League. He continued: " He said to me that it's hard because the physical impact of the defenders here is really very strong".
Though the study has already begun, DLR is seeking participants for a second phase, which will kick off in September. The study aims to find out if artificial gravity may help keep astronauts healthy during space missions .
Mr Clarke's customs union option lost by 273 to 276, just three, while the common market 2 .0 option lost by 261 to 282. The lack of consensus reflects a Parliament and a government deeply divided over how - and whether - to leave the EU.
Merkel's role will also prove crucial if the United Kingdom requests a long Brexit extension. "We must give ourselves time". Hundreds of people took part in a number of demonstrations on the Irish border on Saturday in opposition to Brexit .
With nothing left to play for except lottery ping pong balls, the 34-year-old James will not suit up for L.A.'s final six games. If Los Angeles somehow beats the odds and lands the No. 1 pick, Duke sensation Zion Williamson would be the obvious pick.
Bjerregaard always dreamed of simply playing against Woods, his golfing hero. Rory McIlroy went through group play with three wins from as many matches .


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Making It Big In Celebrity Management: Sadia Solkar
Sep 24, 2022 Business
Several people are unable to manage their thoughts & life; on the other hand, we get to know about people like Sadia Solkar, who are managing several celebrities, their events, appearances, and many more such things, and making it big in the celebrity management industry.
Usually, people think these celebrities live a very easy and manageable life, but that's not the truth because people like Sadia Solkar make their life look easy.
Now she has more than 10 years of experience in celebrity management and is managing events and celebrities in PAN India.
Starting Of Her Career
Sadia was born and raised in Mumbai and graduated from Patkar College; right after graduation; she started working in a BPO where her job role was to work as a telecaller, although she had no thoughts of getting into celebrity management at that time.
Sadia worked well as a telecaller and got a few internal promotions, after which she became a quality analyst and a senior quality analyst. Sadia has a keen interest in the entertainment sector, and that's when she came to know about an opening as a celebrity manager.
She took that shot and got the job. Since that day, she has become a person who enjoys her work a lot.
After getting into celebrity management, she managed concerts for Alka Yagnik, Laxmikant Pyarelal concerts in Gujrat, and more.
Her Achievements
Sadia Solkar, one of the biggest achievements is that she did a US & Canada tour named "Throwback 90" in 2019 & Rewind – 2022 with 90s legend Alka Yagnik, Kumar Sanu, and Udit Narayan. Along with that she has been involved in 200+ in India as a celebrity manager. Sadia also manages guest appearances and TV reality shoots for Govinda, Sunita Ahuja, Tusshar Kapoor, Shakti Kapoor, Lalit Pandit, and more.
Performance management is also something that Sadia handles amazingly; she has managed the performance of celebrities like Sunidhi Chauhan, Udit Narayan, Kumar Sanu, Shweta Pandit, Talat Aziz, and many more.
Sadia has also managed international events and has expertise in that. Sadia manages and coordinates iconic bollywood singer Sunidhi Chauhan in Mauritius and Dubai.
Sadia managed a corporate show for bollywood singer Sreeramchandra in Dubai, Bangkok, and many other places.
Singers like Sonu Nigam, Mika Singh, and Bhoomi Trivedi's international events for Singapore, Lagos, and Australia are also managed by Sadia Solkar.
Sadia dreams of owning her own celebrity management company with an immense international presence.
Puma Celebrates its 74th Birthday with Pop Icon & Brand Ambassador Harrdy Sandhu


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Ombudsman Alert China VS. the USA: Who Wins and Who Loses?
China VS. the USA: Who Wins and Who Loses?
"In AI(Artificial Intelligence) and Big Data, China is surging ahead, there's no doubt, These are areas compatible with the government's politics and things like its 'social credit' system. People also talk about life sciences. To some extent, that's developing fast for similar reasons as AI. You just plunge ahead without privacy complaints, without safeguards, regulatory constraints.


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Garden plants are a little more difficult than house plants to move simply because you have to dig them up, move them and then replant them in your new location. Some garden plants cannot be dug up and replanted so before going to all that trouble contact your local horticulture store to get advice.
It is also important to consider if the plants will even survive in their new habitat as the climate and soil may be very different to the plants' preferred living conditions. There are many things that can go wrong so follow our useful advice and you should be well on your way to a glorious garden in your new home.
On the day of the move dig up the garden plants being careful to dig around the roots in a circle with garden tools. The root ball can be placed in a plastic bag with a pest strip. Seal the plastic bag for up to 6 to kill off any remaining pests. Make sure the soil is moist around the ball.
When you arrive at your destination replant as soon as possible Check the soil ph level for acidity or alkalinity. Ph test kits can be purchased in any plant store. Add fertilizer and water to the soil around the plant regularly and allow the plants some time before it gets use to its new home.


text:
Q: Creating sub sections (groups) of layers in QGIS? I am working on a project regarding Fish species and fishing methods with many layers.
This creates confusion.
I would like to create layer sub sections (groups) like the following:

*

*Fish Species

*

*species 1

*species 2

*species 3

*Fishing Methods

*

*method 1

*method 2

*method 3

and so on.
Possibly even a 2nd level sub section (layer group).
I have no idea how to tackle this.
I'm using QGIS 2.4.
To clarify an image of the project is below.

A: If you right-click in the Layer's window, there should be an Add group option. Select this to create sub-sections by dragging your layers into it.

A: There is another option:  Select multiple layers (using either Shift-click to select a group or Ctrl click to individually add layers to your selection).  When you have several selected, right-click and choose "Group Selected".  I find this less fiddly than first creating the group and then dragging layers to it (although that is a perfectly valid option).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Getting FRESH With Dole
Home / Articles / Getting FRESH With Dole
Dole Hosts First-Ever FRESH Fest at North Carolina Research Campus
To mark the end of the summer-long Get Up and Grow Tour across North America, Dole invited Blogger Ambassadors, Registered Dietitians and healthy eating enthusiasts to the first-ever FRESH Fest at the North Carolina Research Campus, home of the Dole Nutrition Institute's research laboratory. FRESH Fest, which stands for Finding Reasons to Eat Simply Healthy, was a celebration of fruits and vegetables and an opportunity for Dole's nutrition partners to explore and learn more about Dole's efforts in nutrition research.
The three-day event kicked off with a healthy, chef-inspired dinner at Blue Restaurant in Charlotte, North Carolina. Though the menu for the event featured plenty of produce, vegan options and nutrient-dense selections, Chef Gene Briggs emphasized that not much needed to be changed from Blue's typical gourmet offerings, which center on fruits, vegetables and healthy foods.
On day two, Dole's guests were treated to an early morning yoga session to kick off the day on an energized note. After a wholesome breakfast, the group traveled to the North Carolina Research Campus in Kannapolis to get a first-hand look at how the Dole Nutrition Institute conducts scientific research on fruits and vegetables and their connection to health. The visit began with a presentation from Nicholas Gillitt, PhD, Vice President Nutrition Research. Dr. Nick discussed how Dole's research team investigates the nutritional properties of fruits and vegetables in the lab and partners with universities on the campus to explore the effects of diet and exercise on human health. Highlights of the presentation were a discussion of Dole's well-known 2012 study finding bananas as a natural alternative to sports drinks during exercise, a recently published study on how antioxidants may work in the body, and breaking new results from a research project on bananas that is currently underway.
Other activities of the day included a tour of the research labs, including the Dole Lab and Appalachian State's Human Performance Laboratory in which attendees got a hands-on experience testing their power on exercise bikes. The visit to NCRC also included a nutrient-packed lunch at Restaurant 46; a tasting of new Dole products including DOLE Take Aways', DOLE Premium Celery Hearts, DOLE Chopped Pomegranate Salad Kit and DOLE Chopped Poppy Seed Salad Kit; and a boot camp exercise class hosted by Fresh Start Connection.
The day concluded back at the Dunhill Hotel in Charlotte with a culinary demonstration from Dole's Chef Mark Allison. Chef Mark showed how easy and fast it can be to prepare healthy, delicious and eye-catching dishes that will both impress and nourish friends and family. After a produce-filled dinner, participants had fun competing in Dole Jeopardy, which tested their fruit, vegetable and nutrition knowledge.
You can read more about Dole's FRESH Fest from our Blogger Ambassadors. For the latest breaking research from the Dole Nutrition Lab, keep reading the Dole Nutrition News every month.


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HomeHomepage Slider
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Thinkwell Group Re-envisions Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum for New Generations of Visitors
Los Angeles, CA, USA — Thinkwell Group, a global experience design and production agency specializing in the creation of cultural attractions, museum exhibits, theme parks, major attractions, and live events around the world, announced the opening of the new permanent exhibits at The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. The exhibits tell the story of the president's life, career, ups, and downs, in an immersive and authentic exhibition.
"We are so proud and honored to have created this innovative presidential exhibition for the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum," said Joe Zenas, CEO of Thinkwell. "Working with the Richard Nixon Foundation and the National Archives and Records Administration has been a rewarding and challenging experience for the team and we are truly pleased with the results."
The 12,000 square foot museum exhibit covers Richard Nixon's life: his childhood and military service, his political career spanning more than four decades, his marriage to Pat, his presidency, and his journey to advisor and elder statesman. The Watergate portion of the exhibition, completed by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) in 2011, received a visual update to more cohesively fit into the overall guest experience. For young visitors, establishing the complex situation the nation was in when Nixon became elected was important. Visitors start in an introductory theater, purpose built for the new museum, that establishes that context and sets the stage for the many achievements, highs, and lows the President experienced.
"Rather than starting with Nixon's childhood, we put guests right into the middle of the story with the first gallery, into the midst of the turbulent 1960s," said Kate McConnell, Thinkwell's creative director for the project. "Between the cultural shifts, global and domestic political crises, and the Vietnam War, there was an incredible amount of turmoil facing Nixon when he stepped into office. The galleries that follow let guests explore how he chose to address those challenges, all the way through his resignation. At that turning point, visitors flash back to his childhood—in a gallery with windows looking out on his actual birth house—and follow his path through building and rebuilding a career both before and after his presidency."
"It's been such a pleasure to partner with the Thinkwell Group in developing new, modern, interactive exhibits that tell the full story of President Nixon's life," said William H. Baribault, president and CEO of the Richard Nixon Foundation. "Their creativity and attention to detail have helped create an immensely engaging experience for our visitors, who will leave President Nixon's library and museum with a deeper understanding of his career and better equipped to come to their own conclusions about his legacy."
Telling President Nixon's story involved years of planning, research, and design. Working with the RNF, NARA, historians, and other stakeholders, Thinkwell crafted the story of the exhibition, using immersive environments, interactive technologies, embedded media—and even perfectly framed photo ops suitable for social media—to make the story more involving, evocative, and even fun. In addition to designing the exhibitions, Thinkwell was the "turnkey" project partner responsible for their ultimate delivery on time and on budget. Kubik Maltbie fabricated and installed the exhibitions; Cortina Productions produced the media and interactives under Thinkwell's creative and content guidance. Working with the Irvine Team, overall project and construction manager for the project, the museum reopened to a gala and VIP event on October 14, 2016 with an opening conversation by former Nixon administration Secretary of State Henry Kissinger.
"Our goal is to engage younger visitors in the story of President Nixon," said Craig Hanna, Chief Creative Officer of Thinkwell. "Most know Nixon from textbooks as being embroiled in Watergate and his impeachment, but when they come to the Library they will see Nixon as more than that. They will discover an accomplished man who created the Environmental Protection Agency, opened the door to China, ended the Vietnam War, and signed the landmark Title IX into law. Throughout the exhibit they'll find compelling media, unique interactives, and—in a compelling new addition to the Library's experience—an authentic reproduction of the President's Oval Office."
redesigned galleries
reimagined exhibits
Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum
Thinkwell Group
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We all know what digital marketing is. So a person who offers digital marketing services is a digital marketing consultant. The job of such a consultant is quite diverse. They are responsible to devise, plan and make strategies for digital marketing, monitoring performance and ensuring proper tweaks to the strategies to guarantee the companies get the most out of these.
Such a person is considered the jack of all trades because they know about SEO, SMO, marketing, PPC, digital marketing and similar things. Sometimes it can be an individual whereas many digital consultants have firms with a good number of employees.
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They evaluate the current and active marketing plans and strategies including SEO, for social media, PPC, and others.
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They improve company branding to connect with new customers and users.
They also plan communication and engagement channels for potential consumers with paid and organic campaigns.
Coordination with team members for content, infographics, guest blogging and other essentials included in marketing.
Managing all marketing campaigns being run on any platform.
They use analytics to asses and evaluate the performance, track work progress and modify the strategies according to needs.
In short, the digital marketing consultants are responsible for a business' branding campaigns, marketing projects and exploring new opportunities to increase sales and brand image.
What is Included in Digital Marketing Consultation?
The digital marketing consultation includes all modes of marketing. Consultants do marketing in different ways. For example, for a business website, the clients need SEO, PPC, social media marketing and other services. So digital marketing consultation includes all these things and few of them are listed below.
SEO is meant for increasing the site ranking as well as improve the site image and attract new organic visitors. With SEO, the consultants choose keywords, optimize the site according to rules, do guest blogging, get backlinks, and other things to improve the site ranking. Search engine optimization is the permanent and best source for getting organic traffic for a business site so this is important.
PPC stands for Pay Per Click Advertising. As the name shows, in this type of marketing, the marketers pay to the sites for every single click on their ads. The consultants use PPC for business as this helps gather more clients and consumers. The ads are placed on relevant and high authority sites from where the users come to your websites. You pay the bloggers for every click. This is also a part of digital marketing consultant's job.
Social media is one of the best sources for marketing a business. It is used for SEO and alone as well. The companies can focus the potential clients through social sites and by creating company profiles. Even with huge followers, you can get quality traffic to your websites. This is all done by the digital marketers and they explore all such opportunities to market the business and companies.
How Digital Marketing Consultants Can Help Your Business?
The digital marketing consultants are helpful for a business in a number of ways and few of these are listed below.
Why You Need Expert Advice from a Digital Marketing Consultant?
We have learned what digital marketing consultants do in real. They are the designers and creators of marketing strategies for a business. You can ask them everything for your business and about the marketing strategies.
You will need their help and advice because without a powerful digital marketing campaign now business can survive today. The biggest source of users is the search engine and this is what they do; getting users from search engine to your site with the right strategies. Without their help, you will be just directionless.


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Q: Long Hand Multiplication In C++ I am trying to implement Long Hand Multiplication method for 8 bit binary numbers stored in two arrays BeforeDecimal1 and BeforeDecimal2. The problem is I always get the wrong result. I tried to figure out the issue but couldn't do it. Here is the code:
This is a much more refined code then previous one. It is giving me result but the result is not correct.
int i=0,carry=0;
while(true)
{
    if(BeforeDecimal2[i]!=0)
        for(int j=7;j>=0;j--)
        {
            if(s[j]==1 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==1 && carry==0)
            {
                cout<<"Inside first, j= "<<j<<endl;
                carry=1;
                s[j]=0;
            }
            else
                if(s[j]==1 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==0 && carry==1)
                {
                    cout<<"Inside second, j= "<<j<<endl;
                    carry=1;
                    s[j]=0;
                }
                else
                    if(s[j]==0 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==0 && carry==1)
                    {
                        cout<<"Inside third, j= "<<j<<endl;
                        carry=0;
                        s[j]=1;
                    }
                    else
                        if(s[j]==0 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==0 && carry==0)
                        {
                            cout<<"Inside fourth, j= "<<j<<endl;
                            carry=0;
                            s[j]=0;
                        }
                        else
                            if(s[j]==0 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==1 && carry==0)
                            {
                                cout<<"Inside fifth, j= "<<j<<endl;
                                carry=0;
                                s[j]=1;
                            }

                            else
                                if(s[j]==1 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==1 && carry==1)
                                {
                                    //cout<<"Inside fifth, j= "<<j<<endl;
                                    carry=1;
                                    s[j]=1;
                                }
                                else
                                    if(s[j]==1 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==0 && carry==0)
                                    {
                                        //cout<<"Inside fifth, j= "<<j<<endl;
                                        carry=0;
                                        s[j]=1;
                                    }
                                    else
                                        if(s[j]==0 && BeforeDecimal1[j]==1 && carry==1)
                                        {
                                            //cout<<"Inside fifth, j= "<<j<<endl;
                                            carry=1;
                                            s[j]=0;
                                        }

        }

        for(int h=7;h>=0;h--)
        {
            if(h==0)
            {
                BeforeDecimal1[0]=0; // that is inserting zeros from the right
            }
            else
            {
                BeforeDecimal1[h]=BeforeDecimal1[h-1];
                BeforeDecimal1[h-1]=0;
            }

        }
    if(i==3)
        break;

    i++;
}

Regards

A: Maybe it would be easiest to back up and start with 8-bit binary numbers stored as 8-bit binary numbers. Much like when we do decimal multiplication, we start with a number of digits. We take the values of multiplying by those individual digits, and add them together to get the final result. The difference (or one obvious difference) is this since we're working in binary, all our digits represent powers of two, so we can get each intermediate result by simply bit shifting the input.
Since it's binary, we have only two possibilities for each digit: if it's a 0, then we need to add 0 times the other number shifted left the appropriate number of places. Obviously, 0 time whatever is still 0, so we simply do nothing in this case. The other possibility is that we have a 1, in which case we add 1 times the other number shifted left the appropriate number of places.
For example, let's consider something like 17 x 5, or (in binary) 10001 x 101.
     10001
       101
    ------
     10001
 + 1000100
  --------
 = 1010101

Converting that to something more recognizable, we get 0x55, or 85d.
In code, that process comes out fairly short and simple. Start with a result of 0. Check whether the least significant bit in one operand is set. If so, add the other operand to the result. Shift the one operand right a bit and the other left a bit, and repeat until the operand you're shifting to the right equals 0:
unsigned short mul(unsigned char input1, unsigned char input2) {
    unsigned short result = 0;

    while (input2 != 0) {
        if (input2 & 1)
            result += input1;
        input1 <<= 1;
        input2 >>= 1;
    }
    return result;
}

If you want to deal with signed numbers, it's generally easiest to figure up the sign of the result separately, and do the multiplication on the absolute values.

A: You have problem in following lines of code
if(reverse==0)
{
    totalReverse=totalReverse-1;
    reverse=totalReverse;
}

after some iterations of the inner for loop (index j based) the values of reverse goes should goes to negative and when reverse less than 3 then there should be exception thrown.
Are you running this code without exception handling?

A: to me this smells like shift and add. is there a requirement that you may use operations simulating logical gates only?
for your full adder you have 3 inputs s(s[j]), b(BeforeDecimal1[j]), c(carry), and two outputs ns(new s[j]), nc (new carry)
the table looks like this
s  b  c ns nc
0  0  0  0  0 handled in v5 clause 4
0  0  1  1  0 handled in v5 clause 3
0  1  0  1  0 handled in v6 clause 5
0  1  1  0  1
1  0  0  1  0
1  0  1  0  1 handled in v5 clause 2
1  1  0  0  1 handled in v5 clause 1
1  1  1  1  1

your code covers only 4 (now 5) of these 8 clauses
to avoid the ugly if-else-if rake i recommend to use temporary result variables (carry and s still valid in the next if clause)
when you analyze the table you could also do (pseudo bool notation)
nc = s && b || s && c || b && c;
ns = s XOR b XOR c;              // there is no XOR in C++: axb = a&&!b || !a&&b

arithmetic notation
nc = (s + b + c) / 2;
ns = (s + b + c) % 2;

// [...]
for(int j=7;j>=0;j--)
{
    // start changed code
    const int sum = s[j] + BeforeDecimal1[j] + carry;
    s[j]=sum % 2;
    carry=sum / 2;
    // end changed code
}
// [...]

here is a nice simulation of your problem Sequential Multiplication

A: Unless your requirement precisely states otherwise, which isn't clear from your question or any of your comments so far, it is not necessary to process arrays of bits. Arrays of bytes are much more efficient in both space and time.
You don't need this exhaustive explosion of cases either. The only special case is where either operand is zero, i.e. a[i]|b[i] == 0, when
result[i] = carry;
carry = 0;

All other cases can be handled by:
result[i] = a[i]*b[i]+carry;
carry = (result[i] >>> 8) & 1;
result[i] &= 0xff;

I don't see much point in the names BeforeDecimal1 and BeforeDecimal2 either.