Your message is a perfect way to start. You're definitely in the right group. Let me introduce you to a few Hearth Health members to start. Please meet @cynaburst @HeartPatches @wangs @Sensation @ronbee @billmichalski who know about the ups and downs of staying fit and heart healthy. There is definitely a mental component to it along with motivation and plain old determination. It can help to have a support group like this when the going gets tough, like the frustration of a darn machine telling you there's no improvement when you've worked so hard. Of course, you know that you're doing the right thing with exercise and diet, but it sure would help to have that confirmed by the echo.
I am a 52 yr. old female with low cholesterol, low BP and no family history of heart issues. I awoke a month ago with numbing in both arms and a burning sensation in my upper chest and back. My husband called 911 and they put me in an ambulance where I promptly coded also experiencing a Widow Maker. The miracle was that this happened with 5 paramedics standing over me and they were able to get my heart started again. I am having alot of anxiety as well, emotional stuff and being very jumpy. I call it the "day my heart attacked me", because I realized I am upset and disappointed in my body. I feel as though it really let me down and I'm working on trying to pay attention to my thoughts and changing them. I have heard that there is not only a PTSD type reaction that is common when something like this happens but also a physical reaction in the body that can contribute to some depression and anxiety. I start cardiac rehab next week which I'm hoping will lift my spirits.
@pboaen – I know exactly what you are going through cause almost the exact same thing happened to my 56 year old husband. Did you get a stent? Are you now on Plavix and a bunch of other drugs that you were never on before? That is exactly what my husband has been through lately, and he feels the same way. He has now completed a few months of cardiac rehab and is beginning to acclimate to his new normal, but it has not been easy for him.
My body started to rebel on me when I was in my 30s, so I can also relate. In my mid 30s just after my son was born I had a benign brain tumor called an acoustic neuroma which caused me to have hydrocephalus and I lost all of my hearing in my right. Then, in my 40s I had to have open heart surgery and get an implantable defibrillator which has since been replaced twice. Then, I had melanoma twice (but caught it very early). I guess I am telling you all this because unfortunately, this is the curse of middle age. There is hope, however. You will learn how to deal with your new reality and move forward. There is however an adjustment period, and yours has just begun. Coming into groups like this one will help you get your bearings as you move forward.
Welcome, and we look forward to getting to know you better.
@pboaen, I want to encourage you as you begin the cardiac rehab program. For me, although I was familiar with all of the workout equipment, I had real concerns that I would trigger another HA. What I found was very competent people with a great understanding & compassion for what we all had been through. Wearing a monitor & knowing that someone would be monitoring me all through the routines added that extra measure of confidence I needed. I wish you all peace & confidence you need to take the next steps in recovery!
I also found cardiac rehab very helpful after my open heart surgery. My husband has found it helpful as well. I recommend.
Liked by thankful, Joe M.
Greetings to my new friends! I'm looking forward to our discussions and hope I can add to them as well! I look forward to your continued support.
@colleenyoung – Colleen, has there been any posts associated with Chelation Therapy or EBTA supplements regarding cardio plague, etc.? We have some friends that there farther began this therapy over 15 years ago after suffering 2 heart attacks & receiving 3 stents. Now after all this time his cardiologist tells him that he has the arteries of a newborn? The little amount of research I have done (Even Dr. Weil) does not give it high marks?
@thankful You're right query the effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation therapy for the treatment of plaque and heart disease. @jordanm posted on Connect about chelation therapy with respect to Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS), but there hasn't been a discussion about it with respect to heart disease yet.
The effectiveness of chelation therapy for heart disease has not been established, even after a large clinical trial (TACT). Furthermore, there are serious concern about the safety of this treatment for patients with heart disease.
Cynaburst & Thankful, My hat is off to You both. An allergic reaction that got me to the hospital a couple of years ago discovered I had a blocked artery at 80%, after the stent things have moved along. You are not "damaged goods", I also experience problems with weight control and exercise that I am addressing. I am grateful and in my case it has had its effects mentally, I am less tolerant, I have stress and I don't sleep well. After the stent I took plavix for one year, started to get black and blue every time I bumped into something. Had a talk with my cardiologist and was taken off of it. My ECG have been the same, "no change". The medicines I take are irbesartan 300,aspirin 325, crestor 20 that I did not take before.
If you don't have a hobby, try to get one that you enjoy, that gets your minds total attention, You will see and experience a difference. Exercise is good and if you miss a day or two, don't beat yourself up for it. And don't worry about your heart, YOU both are taking care of it!.
Cynaburst, Although each of us have a tough story to tell and because we are still climbing a mountain or walking through a valley each day, I am humbled reading your posts and the several others because they make me feel that I am very fortunate. I did receive a stent and after a year was taken off Plavix a year later.
I am working out 3x a week doing approx. 55 min. of cardio and 25 min. of weight training.
I was placed on 80 Mg of Atorvastin and have been having issues with numbness in my legs & feet if I walk much more than a mile or if I'm just standing still for prolonged periods. I've have been through several different tests to determine what the source of this problem might be and all have come up negative.
I began thinking that it was the statin drug and so I contacted both my regular doctor and my cardiologist about this. I'm somewhat convinced that it may be the statin, but both don't agree but are willing to have me go off it for several weeks and see if my symptoms dissipate. I am in the midst of this at the moment and will report back.
I want to encourage your husband to become comfortable in trusting the staff at cardio rehab and when he feels more comfortable to begin pushing himself a little more each week. Simple things like adding a few extra minutes to the treadmill or elliptical or another set of 12 for other weights will add to his confidence. This will be key after he graduates from cardio rehab and hopefully moves to a local gym that he can continue getting stronger and more & more confidence. I am fortunate in that the gym I was working out at for a number of years prior to my HA is a place called Fitness over Fifty and so the make up is older adults pursuing some level of fitness. It is a very encouraging place to work out for me. Be well!
@joem, Thank you for your encouraging words and story. I too want to drop about 15 lbs.! We just returned from a 10 day vacation so I didn't help myself in that area of weight loss. I am still working and so I have found that adding my workout times in my planner is no different than another scheduled appt.
I agree with you about the hobby. I am currently trying to ease into retirement and it not near as easy as I had thought. I know I will get there soon and I am trying not to stress over the time frame. My hope will be to volunteer in different capacities which is something I look forward having time to give back.
As men we often think that unless we are in a gym pumping weights or whatever we are not really exercising, but that is such a farce. Start slow with just walking and work your way up to a mile or so. Besides the exercise you get you will be surprised of the things you miss by driving by them. Smell-the-flowers!
Thanks so much for your encouraging words this afternoon!
I will celebrating 2 years from my HA on the 12th of this month and will toast you as well.
I truly do feel blessed to be here and just this past weekend my youngest daughter & son-in-law shared there good news of being 12 weeks pregnant. Our oldest daughter has 3 boys and this though caught us off guard because of the path they were on we did not think this would happen for at least a year or more. It really was a special early Mothers Day for my wife.
I do feel that the good Lord spared me for a reason and I am on a new journey to hopefully discover what that is for me.
My cardiologist told me the next day after my HA that there were not many that could survive a "Window Maker" as I did with 100% blockage so as I said, I am truly blessed.
Greetings to all. First of all I want to wish all a Happy Mother's Day observance.


text:
Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR
P. Del Amo Sanchez, J. P. Lees, V. Poireau, E. Prencipe, V. Tisserand, J. Garra Tico, E. Grauges, M. Martinelli, A. Palano, M. Pappagallo, G. Eigen, B. Stugu, L. Sun, M. Battaglia, D. N. Brown, B. Hooberman, L. T. Kerth, Yu G. Kolomensky, G. Lynch, I. L. OsipenkovT. Tanabe, C. M. Hawkes, N. Soni, A. T. Watson, H. Koch, T. Schroeder, D. J. Asgeirsson, C. Hearty, T. S. Mattison, J. A. McKenna, A. Khan, A. Randle-Conde, V. E. Blinov, A. R. Buzykaev, V. P. Druzhinin, V. B. Golubev, A. P. Onuchin, S. I. Serednyakov, Yu I. Skovpen, E. P. Solodov, K. Yu Todyshev, A. N. Yushkov, M. Bondioli, S. Curry, D. Kirkby, A. J. Lankford, M. Mandelkern, E. C. Martin, D. P. Stoker, H. Atmacan, J. W. Gary, F. Liu, O. Long, G. M. Vitug, Z. Yasin, V. Sharma, C. Campagnari, T. M. Hong, D. Kovalskyi, J. D. Richman, A. M. Eisner, C. A. Heusch, J. Kroseberg, W. S. Lockman, A. J. Martinez, T. Schalk, B. A. Schumm, A. Seiden, L. O. Winstrom, C. H. Cheng, D. A. Doll, B. Echenard, D. G. Hitlin, P. Ongmongkolkul, F. C. Porter, A. Y. Rakitin, R. Andreassen, M. S. Dubrovin, G. Mancinelli, B. T. Meadows, M. D. Sokoloff, P. C. Bloom, W. T. Ford, A. Gaz, J. F. Hirschauer, M. Nagel, U. Nauenberg, J. G. Smith, S. R. Wagner, R. Ayad, W. H. Toki, A. Hauke, H. Jasper, T. M. Karbach, J. Merkel, A. Petzold, B. Spaan, K. Wacker, M. J. Kobel, K. R. Schubert, R. Schwierz, D. Bernard, M. Verderi, P. J. Clark, S. Playfer, J. E. Watson, M. Andreotti, D. Bettoni, C. Bozzi, R. Calabrese, A. Cecchi, G. Cibinetto, E. Fioravanti, P. Franchini, E. Luppi, M. Munerato, M. Negrini, A. Petrella, L. Piemontese, R. Baldini-Ferroli, A. Calcaterra, R. De Sangro, G. Finocchiaro, M. Nicolaci, S. Pacetti, P. Patteri, I. M. Peruzzi, M. Piccolo, M. Rama, A. Zallo, R. Contri, E. Guido, M. Lo Vetere, M. R. Monge, S. Passaggio, C. Patrignani, E. Robutti, S. Tosi, B. Bhuyan, M. Morii, A. Adametz, J. Marks, S. Schenk, U. Uwer, F. U. Bernlochner, H. M. Lacker, T. Lueck, A. Volk, P. D. Dauncey, M. Tibbetts, P. K. Behera, U. Mallik, C. Chen, J. Cochran, H. B. Crawley, L. Dong, W. T. Meyer, S. Prell, E. I. Rosenberg, A. E. Rubin, Y. Y. Gao, A. V. Gritsan, Z. J. Guo, N. Arnaud, M. Davier, D. Derkach, J. Firmino Da Costa, G. Grosdidier, F. Le Diberder, A. M. Lutz, B. Malaescu, A. Perez, P. Roudeau, M. H. Schune, J. Serrano, V. Sordini, A. Stocchi, L. Wang, G. Wormser, D. J. Lange, D. M. Wright, I. Bingham, J. P. Burke, C. A. Chavez, J. P. Coleman, J. R. Fry, E. Gabathuler, R. Gamet, D. E. Hutchcroft, D. J. Payne, C. Touramanis, A. J. Bevan, F. Di Lodovico, R. Sacco, M. Sigamani, G. Cowan, S. Paramesvaran, A. C. Wren, D. N. Brown, C. L. Davis, A. G. Denig, M. Fritsch, W. Gradl, A. Hafner, K. E. Alwyn, D. Bailey, R. J. Barlow, G. Jackson, G. D. Lafferty, T. J. West, J. Anderson, R. Cenci, A. Jawahery, D. A. Roberts, G. Simi, J. M. Tuggle, C. Dallapiccola, E. Salvati, R. Cowan, D. Dujmic, P. H. Fisher, G. Sciolla, R. K. Yamamoto, M. Zhao, P. M. Patel, S. H. Robertson, M. Schram, P. Biassoni, A. Lazzaro, V. Lombardo, F. Palombo, S. Stracka, L. Cremaldi, R. Godang, R. Kroeger, P. Sonnek, D. J. Summers, H. W. Zhao, X. Nguyen, M. Simard, P. Taras, G. De Nardo, D. Monorchio, G. Onorato, C. Sciacca, G. Raven, H. L. Snoek, C. P. Jessop, K. J. Knoepfel, J. M. Losecco, W. F. Wang, L. A. Corwin, K. Honscheid, R. Kass, J. P. Morris, A. M. Rahimi, N. L. Blount, J. Brau, R. Frey, O. Igonkina, J. A. Kolb, R. Rahmat, N. B. Sinev, D. Strom, J. Strube, E. Torrence, G. Castelli, E. Feltresi, N. Gagliardi, M. Margoni, M. Morandin, M. Posocco, M. Rotondo, F. Simonetto, R. Stroili, E. Ben-Haim, G. R. Bonneaud, H. Briand, J. Chauveau, O. Hamon, Ph Leruste, G. Marchiori, J. Ocariz, J. Prendki, S. Sitt, M. Biasini, E. Manoni, C. Angelini, G. Batignani, S. Bettarini, G. Calderini, M. Carpinelli, A. Cervelli, F. Forti, M. A. Giorgi, A. Lusiani, N. Neri, E. Paoloni, G. Rizzo, J. J. Walsh, D. Lopes Pegna, C. Lu, J. Olsen, A. J.S. Smith, A. V. Telnov, F. Anulli, E. Baracchini, G. Cavoto, R. Faccini, F. Ferrarotto, F. Ferroni, M. Gaspero, L. Li Gioi, M. A. Mazzoni, G. Piredda, F. Renga, M. Ebert, T. Hartmann, T. Leddig, H. Schröder, R. Waldi, T. Adye, B. Franek, E. O. Olaiya, F. F. Wilson, S. Emery, G. Hamel De Monchenault, G. Vasseur, Ch Yèche, M. Zito, M. T. Allen, D. Aston, D. J. Bard, R. Bartoldus, J. F. Benitez, C. Cartaro, M. R. Convery, J. Dorfan, G. P. Dubois-Felsmann, W. Dunwoodie, R. C. Field, M. Franco Sevilla, B. G. Fulsom, A. M. Gabareen, M. T. Graham, P. Grenier, C. Hast, W. R. Innes, M. H. Kelsey, H. Kim, P. Kim, M. L. Kocian, D. W.G.S. Leith, S. Li, B. Lindquist, S. Luitz, V. Luth, H. L. Lynch, D. B. MacFarlane, H. Marsiske, D. R. Muller, H. Neal, S. Nelson, C. P. O'Grady, I. Ofte, M. Perl, B. N. Ratcliff, A. Roodman, A. A. Salnikov, V. Santoro, R. H. Schindler, J. Schwiening, A. Snyder, D. Su, M. K. Sullivan, K. Suzuki, J. M. Thompson, J. Va'Vra, A. P. Wagner, M. Weaver, C. A. West, W. J. Wisniewski, M. Wittgen, D. H. Wright, H. W. Wulsin, A. K. Yarritu, C. C. Young, V. Ziegler, X. R. Chen, W. Park, M. V. Purohit, R. M. White, J. R. Wilson, S. J. Sekula, M. Bellis, P. R. Burchat, A. J. Edwards, T. S. Miyashita, S. Ahmed, M. S. Alam, J. A. Ernst, B. Pan, M. A. Saeed, S. B. Zain, N. Guttman, A. Soffer, P. Lund, S. M. Spanier, R. Eckmann, J. L. Ritchie, A. M. Ruland, C. J. Schilling, R. F. Schwitters, B. C. Wray, J. M. Izen, X. C. Lou, F. Bianchi, D. Gamba, M. Pelliccioni, M. Bomben, G. Della Ricca, L. Lanceri, L. Vitale, V. Azzolini, N. Lopez-March, F. Martinez-Vidal, D. A. Milanes, A. Oyanguren, J. Albert, Sw Banerjee, H. H.F. Choi, K. Hamano, G. J. King, R. Kowalewski, M. J. Lewczuk, I. M. Nugent, J. M. Roney, R. J. Sobie, T. J. Gershon, P. F. Harrison, J. Ilic, T. E. Latham, G. B. Mohanty, E. M.T. Puccio, H. R. Band, X. Chen, S. Dasu, K. T. Flood, Y. Pan, M. Pierini, R. Prepost, C. O. Vuosalo, S. L. Wu
表示 433 その他
The ratio Rτμ(Υ(1S))=ΓΥ(1S)→τ +τ-/ΓΥ(1S)→μ+μ - is measured using a sample of (121.8±1.2) ×106Υ(3S) events recorded by the BABAR detector. This measurement is intended as a test of lepton universality and as a search for a possible light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. In the standard model (SM) this ratio is expected to be close to 1. Any significant deviations would violate lepton universality and could be introduced by the coupling to a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. The analysis studies the decays Υ(3S)→Υ(1S)π+π -, Υ(1S)→l+l-, where l=μ, τ. The result, Rτμ(Υ(1S))=1.005±0.013(stat)±0.022(syst), shows no deviation from the expected SM value, while improving the precision with respect to previous measurements.
Published - 2010 5月 14
物理学および天文学(全般)
「Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
Lepton Earth and Planetary Sciences 100%
Higgs Boson Earth and Planetary Sciences 66%
Ratio Earth and Planetary Sciences 66%
Deviation Earth and Planetary Sciences 66%
Luminaires Earth and Planetary Sciences 66%
Decay Earth and Planetary Sciences 66%
Higgs Bosons Physics 66%
Ratios Physics 66%
Del Amo Sanchez, P., Lees, J. P., Poireau, V., Prencipe, E., Tisserand, V., Garra Tico, J., Grauges, E., Martinelli, M., Palano, A., Pappagallo, M., Eigen, G., Stugu, B., Sun, L., Battaglia, M., Brown, D. N., Hooberman, B., Kerth, L. T., Kolomensky, Y. G., Lynch, G., ... Wu, S. L. (2010). Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR. Physical review letters, 104(19), [191801]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.191801
Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR. / Del Amo Sanchez, P.; Lees, J. P.; Poireau, V. その他.
Del Amo Sanchez, P, Lees, JP, Poireau, V, Prencipe, E, Tisserand, V, Garra Tico, J, Grauges, E, Martinelli, M, Palano, A, Pappagallo, M, Eigen, G, Stugu, B, Sun, L, Battaglia, M, Brown, DN, Hooberman, B, Kerth, LT, Kolomensky, YG, Lynch, G, Osipenkov, IL, Tanabe, T, Hawkes, CM, Soni, N, Watson, AT, Koch, H, Schroeder, T, Asgeirsson, DJ, Hearty, C, Mattison, TS, McKenna, JA, Khan, A, Randle-Conde, A, Blinov, VE, Buzykaev, AR, Druzhinin, VP, Golubev, VB, Onuchin, AP, Serednyakov, SI, Skovpen, YI, Solodov, EP, Todyshev, KY, Yushkov, AN, Bondioli, M, Curry, S, Kirkby, D, Lankford, AJ, Mandelkern, M, Martin, EC, Stoker, DP, Atmacan, H, Gary, JW, Liu, F, Long, O, Vitug, GM, Yasin, Z, Sharma, V, Campagnari, C, Hong, TM, Kovalskyi, D, Richman, JD, Eisner, AM, Heusch, CA, Kroseberg, J, Lockman, WS, Martinez, AJ, Schalk, T, Schumm, BA, Seiden, A, Winstrom, LO, Cheng, CH, Doll, DA, Echenard, B, Hitlin, DG, Ongmongkolkul, P, Porter, FC, Rakitin, AY, Andreassen, R, Dubrovin, MS, Mancinelli, G, Meadows, BT, Sokoloff, MD, Bloom, PC, Ford, WT, Gaz, A, Hirschauer, JF, Nagel, M, Nauenberg, U, Smith, JG, Wagner, SR, Ayad, R, Toki, WH, Hauke, A, Jasper, H, Karbach, TM, Merkel, J, Petzold, A, Spaan, B, Wacker, K, Kobel, MJ, Schubert, KR, Schwierz, R, Bernard, D, Verderi, M, Clark, PJ, Playfer, S, Watson, JE, Andreotti, M, Bettoni, D, Bozzi, C, Calabrese, R, Cecchi, A, Cibinetto, G, Fioravanti, E, Franchini, P, Luppi, E, Munerato, M, Negrini, M, Petrella, A, Piemontese, L, Baldini-Ferroli, R, Calcaterra, A, De Sangro, R, Finocchiaro, G, Nicolaci, M, Pacetti, S, Patteri, P, Peruzzi, IM, Piccolo, M, Rama, M, Zallo, A, Contri, R, Guido, E, Lo Vetere, M, Monge, MR, Passaggio, S, Patrignani, C, Robutti, E, Tosi, S, Bhuyan, B, Morii, M, Adametz, A, Marks, J, Schenk, S, Uwer, U, Bernlochner, FU, Lacker, HM, Lueck, T, Volk, A, Dauncey, PD, Tibbetts, M, Behera, PK, Mallik, U, Chen, C, Cochran, J, Crawley, HB, Dong, L, Meyer, WT, Prell, S, Rosenberg, EI, Rubin, AE, Gao, YY, Gritsan, AV, Guo, ZJ, Arnaud, N, Davier, M, Derkach, D, Firmino Da Costa, J, Grosdidier, G, Le Diberder, F, Lutz, AM, Malaescu, B, Perez, A, Roudeau, P, Schune, MH, Serrano, J, Sordini, V, Stocchi, A, Wang, L, Wormser, G, Lange, DJ, Wright, DM, Bingham, I, Burke, JP, Chavez, CA, Coleman, JP, Fry, JR, Gabathuler, E, Gamet, R, Hutchcroft, DE, Payne, DJ, Touramanis, C, Bevan, AJ, Di Lodovico, F, Sacco, R, Sigamani, M, Cowan, G, Paramesvaran, S, Wren, AC, Brown, DN, Davis, CL, Denig, AG, Fritsch, M, Gradl, W, Hafner, A, Alwyn, KE, Bailey, D, Barlow, RJ, Jackson, G, Lafferty, GD, West, TJ, Anderson, J, Cenci, R, Jawahery, A, Roberts, DA, Simi, G, Tuggle, JM, Dallapiccola, C, Salvati, E, Cowan, R, Dujmic, D, Fisher, PH, Sciolla, G, Yamamoto, RK, Zhao, M, Patel, PM, Robertson, SH, Schram, M, Biassoni, P, Lazzaro, A, Lombardo, V, Palombo, F, Stracka, S, Cremaldi, L, Godang, R, Kroeger, R, Sonnek, P, Summers, DJ, Zhao, HW, Nguyen, X, Simard, M, Taras, P, De Nardo, G, Monorchio, D, Onorato, G, Sciacca, C, Raven, G, Snoek, HL, Jessop, CP, Knoepfel, KJ, Losecco, JM, Wang, WF, Corwin, LA, Honscheid, K, Kass, R, Morris, JP, Rahimi, AM, Blount, NL, Brau, J, Frey, R, Igonkina, O, Kolb, JA, Rahmat, R, Sinev, NB, Strom, D, Strube, J, Torrence, E, Castelli, G, Feltresi, E, Gagliardi, N, Margoni, M, Morandin, M, Posocco, M, Rotondo, M, Simonetto, F, Stroili, R, Ben-Haim, E, Bonneaud, GR, Briand, H, Chauveau, J, Hamon, O, Leruste, P, Marchiori, G, Ocariz, J, Prendki, J, Sitt, S, Biasini, M, Manoni, E, Angelini, C, Batignani, G, Bettarini, S, Calderini, G, Carpinelli, M, Cervelli, A, Forti, F, Giorgi, MA, Lusiani, A, Neri, N, Paoloni, E, Rizzo, G, Walsh, JJ, Lopes Pegna, D, Lu, C, Olsen, J, Smith, AJS, Telnov, AV, Anulli, F, Baracchini, E, Cavoto, G, Faccini, R, Ferrarotto, F, Ferroni, F, Gaspero, M, Li Gioi, L, Mazzoni, MA, Piredda, G, Renga, F, Ebert, M, Hartmann, T, Leddig, T, Schröder, H, Waldi, R, Adye, T, Franek, B, Olaiya, EO, Wilson, FF, Emery, S, Hamel De Monchenault, G, Vasseur, G, Yèche, C, Zito, M, Allen, MT, Aston, D, Bard, DJ, Bartoldus, R, Benitez, JF, Cartaro, C, Convery, MR, Dorfan, J, Dubois-Felsmann, GP, Dunwoodie, W, Field, RC, Franco Sevilla, M, Fulsom, BG, Gabareen, AM, Graham, MT, Grenier, P, Hast, C, Innes, WR, Kelsey, MH, Kim, H, Kim, P, Kocian, ML, Leith, DWGS, Li, S, Lindquist, B, Luitz, S, Luth, V, Lynch, HL, MacFarlane, DB, Marsiske, H, Muller, DR, Neal, H, Nelson, S, O'Grady, CP, Ofte, I, Perl, M, Ratcliff, BN, Roodman, A, Salnikov, AA, Santoro, V, Schindler, RH, Schwiening, J, Snyder, A, Su, D, Sullivan, MK, Suzuki, K, Thompson, JM, Va'Vra, J, Wagner, AP, Weaver, M, West, CA, Wisniewski, WJ, Wittgen, M, Wright, DH, Wulsin, HW, Yarritu, AK, Young, CC, Ziegler, V, Chen, XR, Park, W, Purohit, MV, White, RM, Wilson, JR, Sekula, SJ, Bellis, M, Burchat, PR, Edwards, AJ, Miyashita, TS, Ahmed, S, Alam, MS, Ernst, JA, Pan, B, Saeed, MA, Zain, SB, Guttman, N, Soffer, A, Lund, P, Spanier, SM, Eckmann, R, Ritchie, JL, Ruland, AM, Schilling, CJ, Schwitters, RF, Wray, BC, Izen, JM, Lou, XC, Bianchi, F, Gamba, D, Pelliccioni, M, Bomben, M, Della Ricca, G, Lanceri, L, Vitale, L, Azzolini, V, Lopez-March, N, Martinez-Vidal, F, Milanes, DA, Oyanguren, A, Albert, J, Banerjee, S, Choi, HHF, Hamano, K, King, GJ, Kowalewski, R, Lewczuk, MJ, Nugent, IM, Roney, JM, Sobie, RJ, Gershon, TJ, Harrison, PF, Ilic, J, Latham, TE, Mohanty, GB, Puccio, EMT, Band, HR, Chen, X, Dasu, S, Flood, KT, Pan, Y, Pierini, M, Prepost, R, Vuosalo, CO & Wu, SL 2010, 'Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR', Physical review letters, vol. 104, no. 19, 191801. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.191801
Del Amo Sanchez P, Lees JP, Poireau V, Prencipe E, Tisserand V, Garra Tico J その他. Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR. Physical review letters. 2010 5月 14;104(19):191801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.191801
Del Amo Sanchez, P. ; Lees, J. P. ; Poireau, V. その他. / Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR. In: Physical review letters. 2010 ; Vol. 104, No. 19.
@article{d9b673092f1b41b7abe485e0b9d586e2,
title = "Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR",
abstract = "The ratio Rτμ(Υ(1S))=ΓΥ(1S)→τ +τ-/ΓΥ(1S)→μ+μ - is measured using a sample of (121.8±1.2) ×106Υ(3S) events recorded by the BABAR detector. This measurement is intended as a test of lepton universality and as a search for a possible light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. In the standard model (SM) this ratio is expected to be close to 1. Any significant deviations would violate lepton universality and could be introduced by the coupling to a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. The analysis studies the decays Υ(3S)→Υ(1S)π+π -, Υ(1S)→l+l-, where l=μ, τ. The result, Rτμ(Υ(1S))=1.005±0.013(stat)±0.022(syst), shows no deviation from the expected SM value, while improving the precision with respect to previous measurements.",
author = "{Del Amo Sanchez}, P. and Lees, {J. P.} and V. Poireau and E. Prencipe and V. Tisserand and {Garra Tico}, J. and E. Grauges and M. Martinelli and A. Palano and M. Pappagallo and G. Eigen and B. Stugu and L. Sun and M. Battaglia and Brown, {D. N.} and B. Hooberman and Kerth, {L. T.} and Kolomensky, {Yu G.} and G. Lynch and Osipenkov, {I. L.} and T. Tanabe and Hawkes, {C. M.} and N. Soni and Watson, {A. T.} and H. Koch and T. Schroeder and Asgeirsson, {D. J.} and C. Hearty and Mattison, {T. S.} and McKenna, {J. A.} and A. Khan and A. Randle-Conde and Blinov, {V. E.} and Buzykaev, {A. R.} and Druzhinin, {V. P.} and Golubev, {V. B.} and Onuchin, {A. P.} and Serednyakov, {S. I.} and Skovpen, {Yu I.} and Solodov, {E. P.} and Todyshev, {K. Yu} and Yushkov, {A. N.} and M. Bondioli and S. Curry and D. Kirkby and Lankford, {A. J.} and M. Mandelkern and Martin, {E. C.} and Stoker, {D. P.} and H. Atmacan and Gary, {J. W.} and F. Liu and O. Long and Vitug, {G. M.} and Z. Yasin and V. Sharma and C. Campagnari and Hong, {T. M.} and D. Kovalskyi and Richman, {J. D.} and Eisner, {A. M.} and Heusch, {C. A.} and J. Kroseberg and Lockman, {W. S.} and Martinez, {A. J.} and T. Schalk and Schumm, {B. A.} and A. Seiden and Winstrom, {L. O.} and Cheng, {C. H.} and Doll, {D. A.} and B. Echenard and Hitlin, {D. G.} and P. Ongmongkolkul and Porter, {F. C.} and Rakitin, {A. Y.} and R. Andreassen and Dubrovin, {M. S.} and G. Mancinelli and Meadows, {B. T.} and Sokoloff, {M. D.} and Bloom, {P. C.} and Ford, {W. T.} and A. Gaz and Hirschauer, {J. F.} and M. Nagel and U. Nauenberg and Smith, {J. G.} and Wagner, {S. R.} and R. Ayad and Toki, {W. H.} and A. Hauke and H. Jasper and Karbach, {T. M.} and J. Merkel and A. Petzold and B. Spaan and K. Wacker and Kobel, {M. J.} and Schubert, {K. R.} and R. Schwierz and D. Bernard and M. Verderi and Clark, {P. J.} and S. Playfer and Watson, {J. E.} and M. Andreotti and D. Bettoni and C. Bozzi and R. Calabrese and A. Cecchi and G. Cibinetto and E. Fioravanti and P. Franchini and E. Luppi and M. Munerato and M. Negrini and A. Petrella and L. Piemontese and R. Baldini-Ferroli and A. Calcaterra and {De Sangro}, R. and G. Finocchiaro and M. Nicolaci and S. Pacetti and P. Patteri and Peruzzi, {I. M.} and M. Piccolo and M. Rama and A. Zallo and R. Contri and E. Guido and {Lo Vetere}, M. and Monge, {M. R.} and S. Passaggio and C. Patrignani and E. Robutti and S. Tosi and B. Bhuyan and M. Morii and A. Adametz and J. Marks and S. Schenk and U. Uwer and Bernlochner, {F. U.} and Lacker, {H. M.} and T. Lueck and A. Volk and Dauncey, {P. D.} and M. Tibbetts and Behera, {P. K.} and U. Mallik and C. Chen and J. Cochran and Crawley, {H. B.} and L. Dong and Meyer, {W. T.} and S. Prell and Rosenberg, {E. I.} and Rubin, {A. E.} and Gao, {Y. Y.} and Gritsan, {A. V.} and Guo, {Z. J.} and N. Arnaud and M. Davier and D. Derkach and {Firmino Da Costa}, J. and G. Grosdidier and {Le Diberder}, F. and Lutz, {A. M.} and B. Malaescu and A. Perez and P. Roudeau and Schune, {M. H.} and J. Serrano and V. Sordini and A. Stocchi and L. Wang and G. Wormser and Lange, {D. J.} and Wright, {D. M.} and I. Bingham and Burke, {J. P.} and Chavez, {C. A.} and Coleman, {J. P.} and Fry, {J. R.} and E. Gabathuler and R. Gamet and Hutchcroft, {D. E.} and Payne, {D. J.} and C. Touramanis and Bevan, {A. J.} and {Di Lodovico}, F. and R. Sacco and M. Sigamani and G. Cowan and S. Paramesvaran and Wren, {A. C.} and Brown, {D. N.} and Davis, {C. L.} and Denig, {A. G.} and M. Fritsch and W. Gradl and A. Hafner and Alwyn, {K. E.} and D. Bailey and Barlow, {R. J.} and G. Jackson and Lafferty, {G. D.} and West, {T. J.} and J. Anderson and R. Cenci and A. Jawahery and Roberts, {D. A.} and G. Simi and Tuggle, {J. M.} and C. Dallapiccola and E. Salvati and R. Cowan and D. Dujmic and Fisher, {P. H.} and G. Sciolla and Yamamoto, {R. K.} and M. Zhao and Patel, {P. M.} and Robertson, {S. H.} and M. Schram and P. Biassoni and A. Lazzaro and V. Lombardo and F. Palombo and S. Stracka and L. Cremaldi and R. Godang and R. Kroeger and P. Sonnek and Summers, {D. J.} and Zhao, {H. W.} and X. Nguyen and M. Simard and P. Taras and {De Nardo}, G. and D. Monorchio and G. Onorato and C. Sciacca and G. Raven and Snoek, {H. L.} and Jessop, {C. P.} and Knoepfel, {K. J.} and Losecco, {J. M.} and Wang, {W. F.} and Corwin, {L. A.} and K. Honscheid and R. Kass and Morris, {J. P.} and Rahimi, {A. M.} and Blount, {N. L.} and J. Brau and R. Frey and O. Igonkina and Kolb, {J. A.} and R. Rahmat and Sinev, {N. B.} and D. Strom and J. Strube and E. Torrence and G. Castelli and E. Feltresi and N. Gagliardi and M. Margoni and M. Morandin and M. Posocco and M. Rotondo and F. Simonetto and R. Stroili and E. Ben-Haim and Bonneaud, {G. R.} and H. Briand and J. Chauveau and O. Hamon and Ph Leruste and G. Marchiori and J. Ocariz and J. Prendki and S. Sitt and M. Biasini and E. Manoni and C. Angelini and G. Batignani and S. Bettarini and G. Calderini and M. Carpinelli and A. Cervelli and F. Forti and Giorgi, {M. A.} and A. Lusiani and N. Neri and E. Paoloni and G. Rizzo and Walsh, {J. J.} and {Lopes Pegna}, D. and C. Lu and J. Olsen and Smith, {A. J.S.} and Telnov, {A. V.} and F. Anulli and E. Baracchini and G. Cavoto and R. Faccini and F. Ferrarotto and F. Ferroni and M. Gaspero and {Li Gioi}, L. and Mazzoni, {M. A.} and G. Piredda and F. Renga and M. Ebert and T. Hartmann and T. Leddig and H. Schr{\"o}der and R. Waldi and T. Adye and B. Franek and Olaiya, {E. O.} and Wilson, {F. F.} and S. Emery and {Hamel De Monchenault}, G. and G. Vasseur and Ch Y{\`e}che and M. Zito and Allen, {M. T.} and D. Aston and Bard, {D. J.} and R. Bartoldus and Benitez, {J. F.} and C. Cartaro and Convery, {M. R.} and J. Dorfan and Dubois-Felsmann, {G. P.} and W. Dunwoodie and Field, {R. C.} and {Franco Sevilla}, M. and Fulsom, {B. G.} and Gabareen, {A. M.} and Graham, {M. T.} and P. Grenier and C. Hast and Innes, {W. R.} and Kelsey, {M. H.} and H. Kim and P. Kim and Kocian, {M. L.} and Leith, {D. W.G.S.} and S. Li and B. Lindquist and S. Luitz and V. Luth and Lynch, {H. L.} and MacFarlane, {D. B.} and H. Marsiske and Muller, {D. R.} and H. Neal and S. Nelson and O'Grady, {C. P.} and I. Ofte and M. Perl and Ratcliff, {B. N.} and A. Roodman and Salnikov, {A. A.} and V. Santoro and Schindler, {R. H.} and J. Schwiening and A. Snyder and D. Su and Sullivan, {M. K.} and K. Suzuki and Thompson, {J. M.} and J. Va'Vra and Wagner, {A. P.} and M. Weaver and West, {C. A.} and Wisniewski, {W. J.} and M. Wittgen and Wright, {D. H.} and Wulsin, {H. W.} and Yarritu, {A. K.} and Young, {C. C.} and V. Ziegler and Chen, {X. R.} and W. Park and Purohit, {M. V.} and White, {R. M.} and Wilson, {J. R.} and Sekula, {S. J.} and M. Bellis and Burchat, {P. R.} and Edwards, {A. J.} and Miyashita, {T. S.} and S. Ahmed and Alam, {M. S.} and Ernst, {J. A.} and B. Pan and Saeed, {M. A.} and Zain, {S. B.} and N. Guttman and A. Soffer and P. Lund and Spanier, {S. M.} and R. Eckmann and Ritchie, {J. L.} and Ruland, {A. M.} and Schilling, {C. J.} and Schwitters, {R. F.} and Wray, {B. C.} and Izen, {J. M.} and Lou, {X. C.} and F. Bianchi and D. Gamba and M. Pelliccioni and M. Bomben and {Della Ricca}, G. and L. Lanceri and L. Vitale and V. Azzolini and N. Lopez-March and F. Martinez-Vidal and Milanes, {D. A.} and A. Oyanguren and J. Albert and Sw Banerjee and Choi, {H. H.F.} and K. Hamano and King, {G. J.} and R. Kowalewski and Lewczuk, {M. J.} and Nugent, {I. M.} and Roney, {J. M.} and Sobie, {R. J.} and Gershon, {T. J.} and Harrison, {P. F.} and J. Ilic and Latham, {T. E.} and Mohanty, {G. B.} and Puccio, {E. M.T.} and Band, {H. R.} and X. Chen and S. Dasu and Flood, {K. T.} and Y. Pan and M. Pierini and R. Prepost and Vuosalo, {C. O.} and Wu, {S. L.}",
T1 - Test of Lepton universality in ΓΥ(1S) decays at BABAR
AU - Del Amo Sanchez, P.
AU - Lees, J. P.
AU - Poireau, V.
AU - Prencipe, E.
AU - Tisserand, V.
AU - Garra Tico, J.
AU - Grauges, E.
AU - Martinelli, M.
AU - Palano, A.
AU - Pappagallo, M.
AU - Eigen, G.
AU - Stugu, B.
AU - Sun, L.
AU - Battaglia, M.
AU - Brown, D. N.
AU - Hooberman, B.
AU - Kerth, L. T.
AU - Kolomensky, Yu G.
AU - Lynch, G.
AU - Osipenkov, I. L.
AU - Tanabe, T.
AU - Hawkes, C. M.
AU - Soni, N.
AU - Watson, A. T.
AU - Koch, H.
AU - Schroeder, T.
AU - Asgeirsson, D. J.
AU - Hearty, C.
AU - Mattison, T. S.
AU - McKenna, J. A.
AU - Khan, A.
AU - Randle-Conde, A.
AU - Blinov, V. E.
AU - Buzykaev, A. R.
AU - Druzhinin, V. P.
AU - Golubev, V. B.
AU - Onuchin, A. P.
AU - Serednyakov, S. I.
AU - Skovpen, Yu I.
AU - Solodov, E. P.
AU - Todyshev, K. Yu
AU - Yushkov, A. N.
AU - Bondioli, M.
AU - Curry, S.
AU - Kirkby, D.
AU - Lankford, A. J.
AU - Mandelkern, M.
AU - Martin, E. C.
AU - Stoker, D. P.
AU - Atmacan, H.
AU - Gary, J. W.
AU - Liu, F.
AU - Long, O.
AU - Vitug, G. M.
AU - Yasin, Z.
AU - Sharma, V.
AU - Campagnari, C.
AU - Hong, T. M.
AU - Kovalskyi, D.
AU - Richman, J. D.
AU - Eisner, A. M.
AU - Heusch, C. A.
AU - Kroseberg, J.
AU - Lockman, W. S.
AU - Martinez, A. J.
AU - Schalk, T.
AU - Schumm, B. A.
AU - Seiden, A.
AU - Winstrom, L. O.
AU - Cheng, C. H.
AU - Doll, D. A.
AU - Echenard, B.
AU - Hitlin, D. G.
AU - Ongmongkolkul, P.
AU - Porter, F. C.
AU - Rakitin, A. Y.
AU - Andreassen, R.
AU - Dubrovin, M. S.
AU - Mancinelli, G.
AU - Meadows, B. T.
AU - Sokoloff, M. D.
AU - Bloom, P. C.
AU - Ford, W. T.
AU - Gaz, A.
AU - Hirschauer, J. F.
AU - Nagel, M.
AU - Nauenberg, U.
AU - Smith, J. G.
AU - Wagner, S. R.
AU - Ayad, R.
AU - Toki, W. H.
AU - Hauke, A.
AU - Jasper, H.
AU - Karbach, T. M.
AU - Merkel, J.
AU - Petzold, A.
AU - Spaan, B.
AU - Wacker, K.
AU - Kobel, M. J.
AU - Schubert, K. R.
AU - Schwierz, R.
AU - Bernard, D.
AU - Verderi, M.
AU - Clark, P. J.
AU - Playfer, S.
AU - Watson, J. E.
AU - Andreotti, M.
AU - Bettoni, D.
AU - Bozzi, C.
AU - Calabrese, R.
AU - Cecchi, A.
AU - Cibinetto, G.
AU - Fioravanti, E.
AU - Franchini, P.
AU - Luppi, E.
AU - Munerato, M.
AU - Negrini, M.
AU - Petrella, A.
AU - Piemontese, L.
AU - Baldini-Ferroli, R.
AU - Calcaterra, A.
AU - De Sangro, R.
AU - Finocchiaro, G.
AU - Nicolaci, M.
AU - Pacetti, S.
AU - Patteri, P.
AU - Peruzzi, I. M.
AU - Piccolo, M.
AU - Rama, M.
AU - Zallo, A.
AU - Contri, R.
AU - Guido, E.
AU - Lo Vetere, M.
AU - Monge, M. R.
AU - Passaggio, S.
AU - Patrignani, C.
AU - Robutti, E.
AU - Tosi, S.
AU - Bhuyan, B.
AU - Morii, M.
AU - Adametz, A.
AU - Marks, J.
AU - Schenk, S.
AU - Uwer, U.
AU - Bernlochner, F. U.
AU - Lacker, H. M.
AU - Lueck, T.
AU - Volk, A.
AU - Dauncey, P. D.
AU - Tibbetts, M.
AU - Behera, P. K.
AU - Mallik, U.
AU - Cochran, J.
AU - Crawley, H. B.
AU - Dong, L.
AU - Meyer, W. T.
AU - Prell, S.
AU - Rosenberg, E. I.
AU - Rubin, A. E.
AU - Gao, Y. Y.
AU - Gritsan, A. V.
AU - Guo, Z. J.
AU - Arnaud, N.
AU - Davier, M.
AU - Derkach, D.
AU - Firmino Da Costa, J.
AU - Grosdidier, G.
AU - Le Diberder, F.
AU - Lutz, A. M.
AU - Malaescu, B.
AU - Perez, A.
AU - Roudeau, P.
AU - Schune, M. H.
AU - Serrano, J.
AU - Sordini, V.
AU - Stocchi, A.
AU - Wang, L.
AU - Wormser, G.
AU - Lange, D. J.
AU - Wright, D. M.
AU - Bingham, I.
AU - Burke, J. P.
AU - Chavez, C. A.
AU - Coleman, J. P.
AU - Fry, J. R.
AU - Gabathuler, E.
AU - Gamet, R.
AU - Hutchcroft, D. E.
AU - Payne, D. J.
AU - Touramanis, C.
AU - Bevan, A. J.
AU - Di Lodovico, F.
AU - Sacco, R.
AU - Sigamani, M.
AU - Cowan, G.
AU - Paramesvaran, S.
AU - Wren, A. C.
AU - Davis, C. L.
AU - Denig, A. G.
AU - Fritsch, M.
AU - Gradl, W.
AU - Hafner, A.
AU - Alwyn, K. E.
AU - Bailey, D.
AU - Barlow, R. J.
AU - Jackson, G.
AU - Lafferty, G. D.
AU - West, T. J.
AU - Anderson, J.
AU - Cenci, R.
AU - Jawahery, A.
AU - Roberts, D. A.
AU - Simi, G.
AU - Tuggle, J. M.
AU - Dallapiccola, C.
AU - Salvati, E.
AU - Cowan, R.
AU - Dujmic, D.
AU - Fisher, P. H.
AU - Sciolla, G.
AU - Yamamoto, R. K.
AU - Zhao, M.
AU - Patel, P. M.
AU - Robertson, S. H.
AU - Schram, M.
AU - Biassoni, P.
AU - Lazzaro, A.
AU - Lombardo, V.
AU - Palombo, F.
AU - Stracka, S.
AU - Cremaldi, L.
AU - Godang, R.
AU - Kroeger, R.
AU - Sonnek, P.
AU - Summers, D. J.
AU - Zhao, H. W.
AU - Nguyen, X.
AU - Simard, M.
AU - Taras, P.
AU - De Nardo, G.
AU - Monorchio, D.
AU - Onorato, G.
AU - Sciacca, C.
AU - Raven, G.
AU - Snoek, H. L.
AU - Jessop, C. P.
AU - Knoepfel, K. J.
AU - Losecco, J. M.
AU - Wang, W. F.
AU - Corwin, L. A.
AU - Honscheid, K.
AU - Kass, R.
AU - Morris, J. P.
AU - Rahimi, A. M.
AU - Blount, N. L.
AU - Brau, J.
AU - Frey, R.
AU - Igonkina, O.
AU - Kolb, J. A.
AU - Rahmat, R.
AU - Sinev, N. B.
AU - Strom, D.
AU - Strube, J.
AU - Torrence, E.
AU - Castelli, G.
AU - Feltresi, E.
AU - Gagliardi, N.
AU - Margoni, M.
AU - Morandin, M.
AU - Posocco, M.
AU - Rotondo, M.
AU - Simonetto, F.
AU - Stroili, R.
AU - Ben-Haim, E.
AU - Bonneaud, G. R.
AU - Briand, H.
AU - Chauveau, J.
AU - Hamon, O.
AU - Leruste, Ph
AU - Marchiori, G.
AU - Ocariz, J.
AU - Prendki, J.
AU - Sitt, S.
AU - Biasini, M.
AU - Manoni, E.
AU - Angelini, C.
AU - Batignani, G.
AU - Bettarini, S.
AU - Calderini, G.
AU - Carpinelli, M.
AU - Cervelli, A.
AU - Forti, F.
AU - Giorgi, M. A.
AU - Lusiani, A.
AU - Neri, N.
AU - Paoloni, E.
AU - Rizzo, G.
AU - Walsh, J. J.
AU - Lopes Pegna, D.
AU - Lu, C.
AU - Smith, A. J.S.
AU - Telnov, A. V.
AU - Anulli, F.
AU - Baracchini, E.
AU - Cavoto, G.
AU - Faccini, R.
AU - Ferrarotto, F.
AU - Ferroni, F.
AU - Gaspero, M.
AU - Li Gioi, L.
AU - Mazzoni, M. A.
AU - Piredda, G.
AU - Renga, F.
AU - Ebert, M.
AU - Hartmann, T.
AU - Leddig, T.
AU - Schröder, H.
AU - Waldi, R.
AU - Adye, T.
AU - Franek, B.
AU - Olaiya, E. O.
AU - Wilson, F. F.
AU - Emery, S.
AU - Hamel De Monchenault, G.
AU - Vasseur, G.
AU - Yèche, Ch
AU - Zito, M.
AU - Allen, M. T.
AU - Aston, D.
AU - Bard, D. J.
AU - Bartoldus, R.
AU - Benitez, J. F.
AU - Cartaro, C.
AU - Convery, M. R.
AU - Dorfan, J.
AU - Dubois-Felsmann, G. P.
AU - Dunwoodie, W.
AU - Field, R. C.
AU - Franco Sevilla, M.
AU - Fulsom, B. G.
AU - Gabareen, A. M.
AU - Graham, M. T.
AU - Grenier, P.
AU - Hast, C.
AU - Innes, W. R.
AU - Kelsey, M. H.
AU - Kim, H.
AU - Kim, P.
AU - Kocian, M. L.
AU - Leith, D. W.G.S.
AU - Li, S.
AU - Lindquist, B.
AU - Luitz, S.
AU - Luth, V.
AU - Lynch, H. L.
AU - MacFarlane, D. B.
AU - Marsiske, H.
AU - Muller, D. R.
AU - Neal, H.
AU - Nelson, S.
AU - O'Grady, C. P.
AU - Ofte, I.
AU - Perl, M.
AU - Ratcliff, B. N.
AU - Salnikov, A. A.
AU - Santoro, V.
AU - Schindler, R. H.
AU - Schwiening, J.
AU - Snyder, A.
AU - Su, D.
AU - Sullivan, M. K.
AU - Suzuki, K.
AU - Thompson, J. M.
AU - Va'Vra, J.
AU - Wagner, A. P.
AU - Weaver, M.
AU - West, C. A.
AU - Wisniewski, W. J.
AU - Wittgen, M.
AU - Wright, D. H.
AU - Wulsin, H. W.
AU - Yarritu, A. K.
AU - Young, C. C.
AU - Ziegler, V.
AU - Chen, X. R.
AU - Park, W.
AU - Purohit, M. V.
AU - White, R. M.
AU - Wilson, J. R.
AU - Sekula, S. J.
AU - Bellis, M.
AU - Burchat, P. R.
AU - Edwards, A. J.
AU - Miyashita, T. S.
AU - Ahmed, S.
AU - Alam, M. S.
AU - Ernst, J. A.
AU - Pan, B.
AU - Saeed, M. A.
AU - Zain, S. B.
AU - Guttman, N.
AU - Soffer, A.
AU - Lund, P.
AU - Spanier, S. M.
AU - Eckmann, R.
AU - Ritchie, J. L.
AU - Ruland, A. M.
AU - Schilling, C. J.
AU - Schwitters, R. F.
AU - Wray, B. C.
AU - Izen, J. M.
AU - Lou, X. C.
AU - Bianchi, F.
AU - Gamba, D.
AU - Pelliccioni, M.
AU - Bomben, M.
AU - Della Ricca, G.
AU - Lanceri, L.
AU - Vitale, L.
AU - Azzolini, V.
AU - Lopez-March, N.
AU - Martinez-Vidal, F.
AU - Milanes, D. A.
AU - Oyanguren, A.
AU - Albert, J.
AU - Banerjee, Sw
AU - Choi, H. H.F.
AU - Hamano, K.
AU - King, G. J.
AU - Kowalewski, R.
AU - Lewczuk, M. J.
AU - Nugent, I. M.
AU - Roney, J. M.
AU - Sobie, R. J.
AU - Gershon, T. J.
AU - Harrison, P. F.
AU - Ilic, J.
AU - Latham, T. E.
AU - Mohanty, G. B.
AU - Puccio, E. M.T.
AU - Band, H. R.
AU - Chen, X.
AU - Dasu, S.
AU - Flood, K. T.
AU - Pan, Y.
AU - Pierini, M.
AU - Prepost, R.
AU - Vuosalo, C. O.
AU - Wu, S. L.
N2 - The ratio Rτμ(Υ(1S))=ΓΥ(1S)→τ +τ-/ΓΥ(1S)→μ+μ - is measured using a sample of (121.8±1.2) ×106Υ(3S) events recorded by the BABAR detector. This measurement is intended as a test of lepton universality and as a search for a possible light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. In the standard model (SM) this ratio is expected to be close to 1. Any significant deviations would violate lepton universality and could be introduced by the coupling to a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. The analysis studies the decays Υ(3S)→Υ(1S)π+π -, Υ(1S)→l+l-, where l=μ, τ. The result, Rτμ(Υ(1S))=1.005±0.013(stat)±0.022(syst), shows no deviation from the expected SM value, while improving the precision with respect to previous measurements.
AB - The ratio Rτμ(Υ(1S))=ΓΥ(1S)→τ +τ-/ΓΥ(1S)→μ+μ - is measured using a sample of (121.8±1.2) ×106Υ(3S) events recorded by the BABAR detector. This measurement is intended as a test of lepton universality and as a search for a possible light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. In the standard model (SM) this ratio is expected to be close to 1. Any significant deviations would violate lepton universality and could be introduced by the coupling to a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson. The analysis studies the decays Υ(3S)→Υ(1S)π+π -, Υ(1S)→l+l-, where l=μ, τ. The result, Rτμ(Υ(1S))=1.005±0.013(stat)±0.022(syst), shows no deviation from the expected SM value, while improving the precision with respect to previous measurements.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
@ParkViewCLS
Park View Facebook
Sixth Form & Academy of Sport
Park View School > Curriculum
Subject Curriculum
Monitoring, Review and Evaluation
Super Curriculum
Park View is an international school at the heart of our local community where all are expected to aspire to academic excellence whilst behaving with empathy and respect to others. We firmly believe that it is our duty as educators to educate the whole child and that
"There are two things we should give our children: one is roots, the other is wings."
Curriculum Rationale
To deliver our vision, we have created a curriculum which is intellectual and rigorous, which embodies aspiration, equality, enjoyment and a genuine chance of success, thus challenging students to be the best that they can be, regardless of their starting point: it is our stated belief that no child's history should be his or her destiny.
Aims of our Curriculum
Education is about preparing young people for the modern world and balancing the scales of social justice, ensuring where a young person starts does not define where they end up. This is especially the case for those who face additional disadvantages or those with special educational needs. Part of being prepared for the modern world is being prepared for the modern workplace. This means every young person should have the opportunity to experience a broad, balanced and rigorous curriculum that equips them with a wealth of knowledge, the ability to apply this knowledge and the chance to develop the character needed to seize the opportunities our society offers.
Achieving this is not something we should expect to do alone, but rather consider it a shared responsibility between school, teachers, parents, employers and of course, our students. Our curriculum begins with a reality check – some young people do not feel prepared for the workplace, some employers do not feel young people are work ready, and, at times, teachers and parents do not know what framework or programme of 'employability skills' is best as the world of work is rapidly changing. This means schools, society, and business need to work together to make sure our education system can keep up. Whether it's rapid globalisation and soaring life expectancy, the huge strides forward we have made in technology or the proven power of diversity that makes our society fairer, education is an essential part of ensuring our future prosperity.
Important contributions to our curriculum are built upon the important work of the Wolf Review, the Sainsbury Review, and the government's Careers Strategy, each of which we believe have helped shape the educational landscape to support the ever changing needs in society and which will give our students the roots to anchor them and the wings to fly and make the most of the undoubted potential they have.
We believe that a large part of any education curriculum is to help prepare young people for the modern world. The modern world is forever changing. Where work was once tangible and tied to a specific place, it is now increasingly conceptual, mobile, and global. The workplace itself is also beginning to look very different, with automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence set to impact all of us in the years ahead. For example, young people today can expect to be in work over a decade longer than their parents. In the context of these technological advancements, we have an economy which increasingly values qualities such as creativity and resilience like we do as a school. This has profound implications for how we prepare young people for the modern world.
We believe that all students at Park View should receive a rounded education that includes character, skills and knowledge as the three pillars that help prepare our young people for the modern world.
'Knowledge': a rigorous, rich, and stretching curriculum, with each subject studied given high status and important emphasis. Young people should have the essential knowledge needed to be educated citizens, introducing them to the best and most powerful knowledge within subject disciplines and helping them to have an appreciation of human creativity and achievement.
'Character': individual traits and strengths that enable someone to flourish at all stages of their lives. Character enables young people to deal with set-backs, reflect on personal strengths and areas for improvement and show an inclusive and compassionate outlook on themselves and others.
'Skills': the application of knowledge and character in real world scenarios through leadership, organisation, resilience, initiative and communication. Skill can be identified in the curriculum through the application of both character and knowledge, working successfully with peers taking part in important disciplines like public speaking and presenting.
All three pillars are essential and are interconnected. Character helps young people to take responsibility for their own learning and make responsible choices in different situations. Knowledge enables young people to gain mastery and subject-specific awareness in a variety of disciplines to support future career choices and interests. Developing skills like leadership or creativity helps young people nurture their individual character traits, values and principles like empathy and self-awareness.
Each on their own does not prepare a young person for the modern world. Knowledge is not maximised if you cannot apply it in the real world, nor are equipped with the character necessary to use your knowledge. In a similar vein, an over-emphasis on just skills or character is misguided as skills are often knowledge specific, with creativity meaning something very different in mathematics to, for example, modern foreign languages.
We firmly believe that a 'broad and balanced' curriculum, should therefore, give equal weight to all three pillars above.
This policy reflects the requirements for academies to provide a broad and balanced curriculum as per the Academies Act 2010.
It also reflects requirements for inclusion and equality as set out in the Special Educational Needs and Disability Code of Practice 2014 and Equality Act 2010, and refers to curriculum-related expectations of governing boards set out in the Department for Education's Governance Handbook.
It complies with our funding agreement and articles of association.
Curriculum Delivery
Our curriculum is driven by our vision and values; our underlying motivation has always been linked to breadth , depth and balance, student wellbeing and a championing of both a knowledge and character rich skills-based curriculum to prepare students effectively for the future. We frequently review our provision with curriculum leaders in light of changing cohorts and factors influencing employability. We place great value on our school's specialist language college and applied learning legacies, alongside a firm commitment to the Performing and Creative Arts as well as Sport. In delivering the curriculum, our lessons will be characterised by:
A burning desire for all children in our care to succeed and a belief that they can.
Pride, participation and progress.
Risk-taking and the acceptance that success may not come at the first attempt
Teachers who clearly love their subject and create inspiring experiences in order to foster in others their sense of awe and wonder and to create a shared thirst for learning.
A supportive climate in which everyone's voice matters and all are challenged to think, reason, debate, discuss and collaborate in order to solve problems which have relevance.
Opportunities for students to question and challenge, critically and evaluatively, in order to gain deep conceptual understanding of topics.
Valuing LORIC skills and supporting students to improve in these important areas of life.
Activities which demand that students formulate their own questions, develop their own solutions and critique their own performance.
Learning at North Lodge is centred around an innovative curriculum and teaching which is designed to develop in our students the knowledge, character and skills they will need to be successful in the twenty first century. Students at Park View study a wide and varied curriculum at Lower School which is geared to developing their knowledge, character and skill acquisition as learners in preparation for Upper School. As a result, our students study the full range of national curriculum subjects and are engaged and making progress from day one. Our intention is that there is no transition dip or drop in challenge and we carefully map students' learning within and across subjects. We liaise closely with, and then build upon, the primary experience, ensuring that transition is as smooth and stress-free as possible. We:
Provide a firm and stable framework, establishing high expectations for all students.
Set challenging targets for performance and effort against which progress is regularly reviewed and fed back to parents/carers.
Promote approaches to teaching that engage and motivate students, as well as getting them to reflect upon their own skills and attributes as learners.
Offer a broad, balanced and coherent programme
In Lower School, English , Maths, Science and Modern Foreign Languages are taught in ability groupings from the end of the first term in year 7. All other subjects are taught in tutor groups. Our curriculum covers Maths, English, Science, History, Geography, RE, Art, Design Technology, Musis, Drama, PE, ICT and Personal Development (CIAG, Health, RSE, Citizenship and Character).
Our Upper School curriculum begins at Church Chare and includes all statutory areas, including our broad and inclusive Personal Development Curriculum (Careers/ /Health/RSE/Citizenship/Character). Our students opt for four other subjects to study to GCSE level or equivalent. The offer is broad and, importantly, enables progression through to Sixth Form or College in all areas. In allowing students to choose four subjects we are protecting participation in creative subjects, performing arts, sport and the aforementioned applied learning subjects which may otherwise fall away, given the national emphasis on the EBacc curriculum which we are universally committed to. Our specialist subject leaders and teachers have true passion for their subjects and high aspirations for our students. They have carefully planned enriching learning experiences for students which go beyond the stated requirements of examination specifications (known as our super-curriculum) in order to foster the passion and engagement in the subject curriculum so necessary for success. Curriculum subjects are Maths, English, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, French, German, Spanish, History, Geography, RE, Art, Graphic Products, Product Design, Food and Nutrition, Sports Science, Business, Digital Media, Health and Social Care, Art & Design, Drama, Music, PE, ICT and Personal Development (CIAG, Health, RSE, Citizenship and Character).
The Sixth Form curriculum offers a range of Level 3 qualifications to build on study and success at GCSE as well as introduce some new subjects like Psychology, Criminology and Sociology too. The size of our Sixth Form allows us to provide progression routes for students from a wide range of different backgrounds and interests. We are proud to offer courses in subjects like Drama, Music, French, German and Spanish that have traditionally been subject to a local and national decline in post 16 provision. Students typically study three A levels or equivalents and a small number may study four. Some students access an Extended Project Qualification in Year 13 to support their development and outcomes.
The focus of the pastoral element of the curriculum is on the future, making choices and exploring how to get there as well as developing LORIC skills that are essential to future success in the world of work or higher education. We are proud of being a Gatsby champion school and we value personalised and highly developed CIAG, particularly at this stage of a student's education. During Sixth Form, students are exposed to opportunities for charity work, work experience, employer engagements as well as apprenticeship and university support through bespoke sessions delivered in school and during registration time. We also put a great deal of emphasis on enrichment and extra-curricular study in the Sixth Form as we prepare students to be competitive at interviews, whether academic or employer baser at 18/19 years old.
Our Academy of Sport offers a 3 x A level equivalent qualification as well as an Active IQ course which supports students in accessing both university routes and also specific sports related pathways like coaching or physiotherapy. Our sports facilities support access to a high quality sporting experience as well as strength and conditioning and enriched experiences in the world of sport. The Academy exposes students to a highly competitive national and international sporting programme and we are proud of the diverse range of young people that are attracted to the school as a result of the Academy of Sport. In the Sixth Form, students have the option to study the following subjects, Maths, Further Maths, English Language, English Literature, History, Geography, Sociology, Psychology, Criminology, Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Applied Science, Sport, Extended Sport, Active IQ, Business, ICT, Health and Social Care, Media, Art, Photography, Product Design, Music, Drama and the Extended Project alongside enrichment.
Lombard Drive,
North Lodge,
Chester-le-Street,
Co. Durham, DH3 4BB
Years 9, 10, 11, Sixth Form
Church Chare ,
Co. Durham, DH3 3QA
Church Chare
Website Terms of Use | Cookie Policy
By default cookies are switched off for this site. You can enable them by clicking the enable button.
By not enabling cookies some features of the site may not be visible to you. For example, facebook feeds, Google maps and embedded YouTube videos.


text:
Pecunh
human right Acts
Human Right Violations
Types of Human Rights
Six Types of Human Values
human right Acts, Human Rights, Types of Human Rights
People need various things to live in this world. Be that as it may, nothing in this world is accessible free of expense. Everything has a cost and one needs to pay the correct cost to get ones need fulfilled. Be that as it may, we esteem the things dependent on our needs and the necessities relies upon the premise of our worth framework.
To begin with, there are essential necessities like sustenance, water, air, asylum, and garments without which survival of the body itself is absurd. Nonetheless, when these necessities are fulfilled, man moves to fulfill his higher needs like the social needs, security needs or the need of self-completion.
Be that as it may, each individual does not pursue a similar way as his way would rely upon the innate estimations of the individual. These inborn qualities are gained by the man by righteousness of his tendency and furthermore by his sustain. The impact of the family, society, country and individual makes each individual interesting as he builds up a one of a kind arrangement of qualities. These qualities choose the need and way of life of the individual. The qualities make the character of the individual and choose the development of the individual, family, society, country and the mankind.
Individualistic Values
The most inalienable estimation of an individual is individualistic which means esteeming the self over whatever else on the planet. This is likewise the most normal worth which is intrinsic in each creature of the world. The creatures live for themselves absent much by way of worrying about different creatures. The main special case would be the mother creature which deals with her kid creature till the kid grows up adequately to help itself.
The cutting edge world has been moving increasingly more towards individualistic qualities where the enthusiasm of the individual is viewed as the most "right" and should be secured over everything else. The individualistic worth help opportunity as it accepts that each individual has the privilege to choose what is beneficial for him.
Each tyke begins with individualistic qualities and he needs everything on the planet for oneself and needs everybody to serve him. At the point when the need of the tyke isn't fulfilled, he cries and do everything to get the need fulfilled.
The human specie might be the most dominant specie in the earth yet it is additionally evident that human specie is likewise the weakest specie. A human kid does not figure out how to try and stroll for one year. On the off chance that the offspring of the man is permitted to make due of its own, it simply can not endure. The help of family is must for the development of each human tyke. It is consequently that human specie throughout the year has imagined the idea of family that lives like one unit and supports another conceived kid till it winds up sufficiently able to help itself.
The idea of family has offered ascend to the family esteem where a family is viewed as the essential unit of the general public rather than the person. The family has right and capacity to control the other individual from the family. In a family framework, the individuals from the family separate their work such that all individuals perform correlative capacities instead of performing same capacities. For instance, father procures the business and ensures the family being the most grounded individual from the family. The mother deals with the family by preparing nourishment, cleaning house and raising youngsters. The youngsters on their part get these advantages free of expense from their folks yet they have the family commitment to give similar advantages to their kids. In this manner the family guarantees the progression of the worth and convention of the family.
In the family framework, the enthusiasm of every individual from the family is secured through an unwritten law as adoration and trust alone administer the administration of a family. The guardians don't look for any close to home advantage when they offer something to their youngsters. The youngsters also perceive the commitments made by the guardians in structure their lives and they not just pass on similar advantages to their own kids yet in addition deal with their folks when they develop old.
The whole arrangement of family worth is kept up by convention and trust.
In any case, when family esteems are solid, it results in the decrease of individual opportunity and decrease in the individual qualities. Each individual needs to think for the family first and the self as auxiliary. This frequently executes the innovativeness of the man as he is never allowed to think as a person.
Expert Values
A general public is made of families which are normal as well as by start which are misleadingly made to satisfy a particular prerequisite of the general public. The administration is a standout amongst the most significant associations which had been made to acquire request the general public. The legislature is additionally partitioned into various offices like police, income, barrier and so forth which are expected to keep the nation joined together and shield it from outside hostility. There are numerous different associations which are controlled by private people or bodies which produce products and give administration to the general population of the country and the world.
Each individual needs to join a beginning to procure his work and to add to the general public. These associations are intended to serve a specific capacity of the general public and accordingly need a lot of significant worth to keep all individuals from the association persuaded and joined together.
Along these lines man builds up a lot of esteems because of his calling. The estimations of a police authority are not quite the same as the estimations of a judge or a government official. Every calling has its own arrangement of qualities which regularly repudiate the estimations of another calling. However these qualities are important to keep the experts joined together and convey what is normal from them.
The present reality is isolated into various nations and every nation is sovereign and free. Be that as it may, lately the nations have begun carrying on like relatives as the freedom is step by step being supplanted by association in the globalize economies. In the event that China is rising as the assembling center point of the world, India has turned into the re-appropriating and out-shoring center of the world from where the various administrations are being given to the world. Bedouin world is delivering oil for the world and USA has played the position of authority in production of the learning and the Information Technology for the world. Every nation is step by step getting to be master in some particular undertaking and getting the remainder of the prerequisites satisfied from different nations of the world.
In this manner, much the same as people and families need to rival and supplement each other for their survival in a general public, every country needs to rival and supplement with different nations of the world. So as to make the country more grounded, particular kinds of qualities should be developed in their resident which makes the nation not made of millions or billions of people or families yet like one family.
By excellence of freedom, each nation builds up specific qualities which continue developing with time. The estimations of a country speak to its custom, history and encounters of its kin since its creation. The estimations of India and China are a large number of years old while the estimations of the recently made countries like USA, Israel, Australia, and Pakistan are very new.
The national qualities are frequently arranged in their laws that try to allow equity and equity to every one of its residents. There, is wide assorted variety in these laws as the prerequisite of every nation is extraordinary. The infringement of national qualities is dealt with criminal acts which are rebuffed by the State. In this manner the nations with solid national qualities uphold their laws all around seriously as they keep the enthusiasm of the nation over the enthusiasm of the person.
While the legitimate estimations of a nation or society is recorded and authorized, these are deficient for the smooth working of the state. The perfect state is one where the State does not need to authorize any law as the natives deliberately pursue the traditions that must be adhered to. Nonetheless, this once in a while occurs since all the State laws are drafted by the general population who are in power or the individuals who have effect on influential individuals. These influential individuals guarantee that laws are drafted to support them of few instead of in the support of the majority. Subsequently over some undefined time frame, the requirement of laws makes a class of individuals who are amazingly incredible and rich while the lion's share populace carry on with the life of haplessness and neediness.
Be that as it may, the uniqueness and bad form made by law is to a great extent decreased because of the predominance of the virtues in the general public which need not to be classified in the resolution books. However the virtues are passed on starting with one age then onto the next by convention. For instance, the holiness of the organization of marriage in India has kept the separation rate to the base regardless of having the arrangement of separation in the law books like some other western nation. The ethical laws are authorized together by the general public. As each man wants to be adored and regarded by the general public, the virtues are frequently progressively incredible to keep the man on the correct way than the lawful requirement.
Spiritual Values
All qualities received by men make selectiveness in people as these qualities are distinctive for each general public and in reality for each man. The qualities are hence the wellspring of contentions on the planet as each individual or country accepts firmly in their qualities as right. However every one of these qualities are non-perpetual and transient which changes with existence. The estimations of the present age are not same as the estimation of the past age.
However there is some fixing in all qualities that never shows signs of change. It has stayed same in long periods of human development. These qualities are endless as they never show signs of change. In this manner, regularly individuals call such qualities as otherworldly or perfect as it never kicks the bucket and its starting point also isn't known.
These are the otherworldly qualities.
The profound qualities are regularly ascribed to God and called divine. The otherworldly qualities incorporate love
21st Century Western Civilisations, Immigration, Multiculturalism and Human Rights
The Best Guarantee for an Inviolability of Human Rights Is Applying to International Instruments
Islamic Society, Human Rights, and the Death Penalty – Capital Punishment in Morocco
Live Right and Enjoy a Great Life
Frontier Theme


We've all been there – spent far too long browsing on Pinterest and fan-girling over the design ideas in glossy magazines. And now we've got our hearts set on "the look". But the reality is, "the look" is very hard to achieve, especially when you're on a budget.
But, if you're savvy with your spending, it is possible to get the look you're dreaming of, without breaking the bank – and Interior Design | The Saver's Guide is a great place to start. By providing links through to discount codes, the interactive guide helps you to save money in ways you may not have thought of before. Going from room to room in a house, you can browse differently styled spaces, picking out pieces of furniture and décor that you like. By hovering over items in the room, styling advice appears, as well as links through to discount codes for loads of great brands.
Whilst you can find discount codes for all the usual brands and shops like The White Company and John Lewis, there are also discounts available for lots of other great companies – like flooring and tiling companies – too. By using these codes properly, you can even save money on the essentials – the expenses that you'd previously accepted are just part of the process.
So, by saving a little bit on all of your home purchases, you'll be able to stretch your budget much further and turn your house into a home, without having to swallow a huge extra cost.
To browse what the guide has to offer, click here.


text:
An Overview of the Crusades and the Rise and Fall of the Knights Templar
The Knights Templar, fierce warriors of the Crusades and protectors of Christian pilgrims, hold a history and reputation filled with myths and unsolved mysteries.
A large organization of devout Christians formed an order, the Templar Order, during the medieval era. In the modern era, the organization is among the few secret societies yet to be fully uncovered.
Although they served as protectors and warriors, nothing prepared them for the rumors that led to their persecution.
The Crusades (1096 – 1291)
image source: thoughtco.com
A series of religious battles took place between the western European Christians and Muslims to secure control of holy sites.
For example, the Holy Land of Jerusalem. Christians saw Jerusalem as the place where Jesus Christ died and was buried. Muslims see Jerusalem as the third most holy site where the Prophet Muhammed ascended to Heaven.
During the Crusades, the Christians' objections shifted. They wanted to stop the expansion of Muslim states, reclaim the Holy Land in the Middle East for Christianity and recapture territories that were formerly Christian.
What Led to the Crusades?
Christian pilgrims were free to visit the church.
However, in 1077, the Muslim Seljuk Turks took control of the Holy Land. Various Muslim groups struggled for power, which made it harder for Christian pilgrims to visit. Rumors also spread of mistreatment towards local Christians and pilgrims.
The Byzantine Emperor Alexius feared the spread of Seljuk rule on his own lands and saw it as a threat to the Christian City of Constantinople. So, he appealed to the Pope for help.
In 1905, Pope Urban II promised the knights of western Europe forgiveness of their sins if they went on a crusade to win back Jerusalem for Christianity. Many responded by "taking the cross".
The First Crusade (1096 – 1099)
Four western European countries formed four armies of Crusaders, led by Raymond of Saint-Filles, Godfrey of Bouillon, High of Vermandois, and Bohemond of Taranto.
They left for Byzantium in August 1096. However, there were others who sought to take the crusade into their own hands.
The People's Crusade, led by Peter the Hermit, was a less organized group of knights and commoners. They set off before the Crusades, ignoring Alexius's advice to wait for the armies, and arrived in Cibotus in early August.
The first major clash between the Crusaders and Muslims resulted in Turkish forces defeating the People's Crusade.
Another group, led by Count Emicho, arrived in the Rhineland in 1096 and carried out the massacres of Jews in various towns, causing a crisis between Jewish and Christian relations.
The four armies arrived in Constantinople.
Upon their arrival, Alexius insisted the leaders swear their loyalty to him and recognize his authority over any land gained and conquered. Only Bohemond took the oath.
In May 1097, the Crusades and their Byzantine allies attached Nicaea (now Iznik, Turkey), the Seljuk capital in Anatolia.
The city surrendered in June 1097.
The combined forces of the Crusaders and Byzantines marched into Anatolia and captured the great Syrian city of Antioch in June 1908.
After Antioch, they marched towards Jerusalem, which the Egyptian Fatimids occupied.
The Crusaders camped outside of Jerusalem in 1099 and forced the city's governor to surrender.
The Second Crusade (1147 – 1150)
Many Crusaders returned to their countries after the First Crusade.
Those who remained established four western settlements known as the "Crusader States". These states that governed the conquered territory were in Jerusalem, Edessa (now Urfa, Turkey), Antioch, and Tripoli.
By 1144, Seljuk General Zangi captured Edessa, leading the Christian authorities to call for another Crusade.
The Second Crusade began in 1147 and was led by King Louis VII of France and King Conrad of Germany.
In October 1147, the Turks defeated Conrad's forces at Dorylaeum.
King Louis and Conrad assembled their armies in Jerusalem and attacked the Syrian stronghold, Damascus, with an army of 50,000.
The Damascus ruler called on the new Seljuk ruler, Nur al-Din, for aid, but the Crusaders defeated the combined Muslim forces, thus ending the Second Crusade.
The Third Crusade (1189 – 1192)
Nur al-Din's forces, led by General Shirkuh and Saladin, his nephew, seized Cairo and forced the Crusader army to evacuate.
After Shirkuh's death, Saladin campaigned against the Crusaders in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They destroyed the Crusader army in the Battle of Hattin and took back Jerusalem.
This battle motivated Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II of France, and King Richard I, also known as Richard the Lionheart, to lead the Third Crusade.
In September 1191, King Richard's forces defeated Saladin's in the Battle of Arsuf, the only true battle of this crusade.
After they recaptured the city of Jaffa, King Richard established Christian control over some of the region and approached Jerusalem, but they didn't lay siege to it.
In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty. It re-established the Kingdom of Jerusalem under Christian control and ended the Third Crusade.
The Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204)
Although there was a power struggle between Europe and Byzantium, Pope Innocent III called for a new crusade in 1198.
The Crusaders diverted their mission to topple the reigning Byzantine Emperor Alexius II in favor of his nephew, who, in 1203, became Alexius IV.
Alexius IV attempted to submit the Byzantine church to Rome but met with resistance. He was strangled after a palace coup in 1204.
The Crusaders responded by declaring war on Constantinople. The Fourth Crusade ended with the fall of the Christian city.
Secondary Crusades
Between 1208 and 1271, several Crusades took place.
The Albigensian Crusade (1208 – 1229) destroyed the heretical Albigensian sect of Christianity in France.
The Baltic Crusade (1211 – 1225) subdued the pagans in Transylvania.
The Children's Crusade in 1212 involved thousands of young children who vowed to march to Jerusalem. Many don't regard this as an actual crusade and some question the involvement of children. The movement never reached the Holy Land.
The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221)
Pope Innocent III put in motion the Fifth Crusade before his death in 1216. The Crusaders attacked Egypt from the land and sea.
However, in 1221, Muslim defenders, led by Saladin's nephew, Al-Malik al-Kamil, forced the Crusaders to surrender.
The Sixth Crusade (1227–1229)
In 1229, a peaceful negotiation between Emperor Frederick II and al-Kamil led to the transfer of Jerusalem to Crusader control.
The treaty was null and void ten years later and the Muslims easily regained control of Jerusalem.
The Seventh Crusade (1248–1254)
Louis IX of France organized the Seventh Crusade against Egypt, which was a failure for Louis.
The Eighth Crusade (1270)
The Mamluks, a new era of descendants from the Islamic Empire's former slaves, took control of Egypt.
In Palestine, they stopped the Mongols advancing, who were a potential ally for the Christians in the region. In 1268, they destroyed Antioch under Sultan Baybar's rule.
As a response, Louis IX organized the Eighth Crusade of 1270. The plan was to help the remaining Crusader states in Syria, but the mission was redirected to Tunis, where Louis IX died.
Edward I of England took another in 1271. The Ninth Crusade, often known as the continuation of the Eighth, accomplished little but was considered the last significant crusade to the Holy Land.
End of the Crusades
In 1291, Acre, one of the remaining Crusader states, fell to the Mamluks. Many believe this marked the end of the Crusader states, along with the Crusaders themselves.
The Knights Templar
image source: schoolworkhelper.com
After the First Crusade, where Christians captured Jerusalem, groups of pilgrims across Western Europe visited the Holy Land.
When they crossed Muslim-controlled territory, they were robbed and killed.
In 1118, the French knight Hugh de Payeus created a military order of eight male relatives and acquaintances. He called the order "The Poor Fellows – Soldiers of Christ and the Temple of Solomon".
These men formed a brotherhood and lived together in a closed community with an established code of conduct.
In their monastic vows, they swore an oath of poverty, chastity, and obedience. They weren't allowed to drink, gamble, or swear.
Prayer was essential in their daily life and they expressed adoration for the Virgin Mary.
The Temple of Solomon
In 1120, Balwin II, King of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, gave the knights his palace, the Temple of Solomon, on the Temple Mount of Jerusalem, to serve as their headquarters.
The knights quickly became known as "The Oder of the Knights of the Temple of Solomon" or "The Templars".
The Templar Insignia
The Knights Templar faced criticism from religious leaders. In 1129, the order received a formal endorsement from the Catholic Church and gained support from Bernard of Clairvaux, a respected abbot.
The Templars were initially considered a branch of the Cistercians, a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns.
By 1145, the knights had permission to wear the white hooded mantel that Cistercian monks made their own. Soon after, they adopted their distinctive white cloak and used the insignia of the red cross on a white background.
Their first major battle was in 1147, during the Second Crusade.
Donations and Investment
The Knights Templar grew from supporters. No matter the class of supporters, they donated what they could to help.
The donations came in all forms. The most common were money, land, horses, military equipment, and food.
Although they swore an oath of poverty, the Templars accepted the donations and bought revenue-producing properties. They invested so that the order owned farms, vineyards, mills, churches, townships, and anything else that seemed like a good investment.
The Templars' Banking System
As the order grew, the Templars set up a successful bank network.
Religious pilgrims could deposit their assets in their home countries and withdraw funds from the Holy Land.
They became so proficient and trusted as bankers that kings and nobles trusted them with their treasures.
Additionally, they lent money to rulers, which became an important element in the financial structure of late Medieval Europe.
New Recruits
Men who sought to be part of the order came from all over Western Europe, mainly France.
What motivated the new recruits was a sense of religious duty, especially towards the Holy Land and its sacred sites.
Among other motivations were penance for their committed sins and guaranteed entry into Heaven or other earthly reasons, such as a sense of adventure or regulated income and decent meals.
Recruits had to be freemen of legitimate birth. Married men joined if their spouses agreed.
Most recruits were in their mid-20s. Minors joined with their parent's consent. This was primarily for the younger son to obtain military training since he wouldn't inherit the family estate.
Ranks of the Knights Templar
The order was led by a Grand Master, who stood at the top of a pyramid of power.
Next came the noble knights, who wore the white tunic and cross. They fought in the crusades and protected the Christian pilgrims.
Only those who came from noble families and whose fathers and grandfathers were knights could be knights themselves.
Then, there were the sergeants, derived from the Old French word sergent, meaning "servant". They were from non-noble families, wore black and brown tunics, and took up duties in non-military roles, such as cooks and luggage carriers.
Most recruits were sergeants.
There were also chaplains: ordained priests who tended to the Templar's spiritual requirements.
Convents
The Templar convents were grouped into geographical regions called "priories".
A preceptor or commander managed a convent. Each convent reported to the head of the priory where it was situated.
Letters, documents, and news reports were sent between convents with the seal of the order (two knights on a single horse), which united the distant branches.
The Grand Master resided in the Jerusalem Headquarters, Acre, in 1191, and then Cyrus after 1291.
Rules of the Knights Templar
Members of the order swore to keep the promises to their oath, some taking precedence over others.
Obedience to the Grand Master is the most important promise made.
Attendance at church services and celibacy were compulsory.
Worldly pleasures weren't permitted.
Punishments for not following the rules ranged from the withdrawal of privileges to flogging and even life imprisonment.
Symbols of the Knights of Templar
image source: museumreplicas.com
The order adopted many symbols that depict who they were and what they stood for. To this day, there's still speculation about some of their meanings.
Knights Templar Seal
The Templar seal was two armed knights on one horse, frequently used by the Grand Master between 1167 and 1298.
There's no definite meaning, only theories about what it signifies.
One states that it represents the system the knights followed in pairs.
Another suggests it symbolizes duality and balance and represents the knights' dual functions as monks and warriors.
The notable cross worn on the white tunic of the knights represented the knights' connection to the Church and their mission. It wasn't ornamental until 1147 when Pope Eugenius approved of it.
The Lamb of God
Also known as Agnus Dei, it's a lamb with a halo that holds a cross on a flag with its foreleg.
There are various meanings but the most common is that it symbolizes the martyred Christ.
From a Bible reference, after he baptized Jesus, John the Baptist said: "Behold the lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world."
The Beauceant
The war flag of the Knights Templar, the Beauceant, showed a red cross with the top half in black and lower half in white. Its meaning is unclear.
A popular theory suggests that the black section depicts the sins of the world and the white symbolizes the purity that the Templar Order offered the knights.
It held a lot of power. If it flew in the air, the knights couldn't retreat or stop fighting.
Also referred to as the Lion Judha, it's the sigil of the Israelite tribe of Judah and Christ.
It represents courage, power, and justice, the valued traits of the Templars.
The Cavalry Cross
This was a Latin cross standing on the base of three steps.
Cavalry is Latin for the Aramaic word 'Golgotha', the hill where Christ was crucified.
Many believe the three steps symbolize that hill, along with faith, hope, and love.
The Templar and the Crusades
image source: peappx.com
The Knights Templar were well-armored and skilled with a lance, sword, and crossbow. These were the best trained and equipped in a Crusader army.
Often, the leaders of the army placed the Templars to protect the flanks (sides of the army), the vanguard (the very front of the advancing army), and the rear.
Additionally, they defended important passes, such as one of Antioch.
They acquired land and castles and either rebuilt or destroyed entire castles to better defend the Christian East.
However, they never forgot their original position: protectors of pilgrims. They made small forts along pilgrim routes in the Levant or acted as bodyguards.
They were also part of successful Crusader missions, such as the siege of Acre (1189 – 1191), Damietta (1218 – 1219), and Constantinople (1204).
In the face of defeat, they expected their execution if ever captured. An example is the Battle of Mansourah in Egypt, in 1250, during the Seventh Crusade.
What stunned many is that the convents managed to replenish any losses in resources and manpower.
Templar Order Abolition
image source: historyofyesterday.com
By the end of the 13th century, many considered military orders to be too independent. They tried to place them into one single order to be more accountable to the Church and their individual state rulers.
The Templar Order was accused of abusing their privileges and extorting their maximum profit from financial dealings.
They were also reprimanded for wanting to eliminate Muslims instead of converting them.
Historians believe that these criticisms were based on ignorance of the order's affairs, an exaggeration of their actual wealth and of jealousy and suspicion.
In 1307, there were more serious accusations. Some said that the Templars denied Christ as God, the crucifixion and the cross. Rumors spread about them trampling, spitting and urinating on the crucifix.
The clergy, jealous of the order's rights, joined to destroy the Templars.
On Friday, October 12, 1307, King Philip IV of France ordered the arrest of all Templars in France. His motivations were unclear.
Historians suggest that he viewed the Templars as a military threat and this was his opportunity to acquire their wealth and gain their political influence.
Further accusations came forward that the Templars promoted homosexual activities, indecent kissing, and the worship of idols.
Pope Clement V defended the Templars, they being one of his military orders. He also feared going against the extremely powerful Templars.
King Philip IV managed to extract "confessions" from the French Templars to provoke the Pope's decision.
The Templar's "Confessions"
Many of the arrested knights in France experienced brutal torture, while kept in isolation, and fed mere rations until they "confessed" to the false charges.
The strappado was a common torture technique, where the Templars' hands were tied behind their backs and they were suspended in the air by a rope around their wrists, which dislocated their shoulders.
Some faced the infamous racks and their bodies stretched beyond their limits. Others had their feet dipped in oil and held over a fire.
Within weeks, hundreds confessed to the false charges, including Grand Master Jacque de Molay.
The "confessions" forced Pope Clement V's hand in issuing a public decree that ordered Western kings to arrest the Templars living in their lands and seize their property.
Some Templars managed to hold out in their Aragorn castles in Spain until 1308.
Weeks after "confessing", many Templars recanted, but Pope Clement V closed the inquisition in early 1308.
The End of the Templars
The Templars in France remained in the cells for two more years.
In 1310, King Philip ordered more than 50 Templars to be burned at the stake.
Two years later, Pope Clement V dissolved the Templar Order without saying they were guilty as charged. After discovering so, the remaining imprisoned Templars continued to confess their innocence while others died in captivity.
In 1314, Grand Master de Molay and other Templars were burned at the stake in Paris, which marked the true end of the Templar era.
The Catholic Church acknowledged the unjustified persecution of the Knights Templar and claimed that Pope Clement V was pressured to destroy the order.
Although disbanded, some believe the order went underground and remains in existence in some form to this day. This is one of the many mysteries and myths that surround the Knights Templar.
Templar Myths and Mysteries
Statue of Baphomet. image source: amazon.es
The Templars are also known as a secret society. Their affairs were kept a secret, leaving unsolved mysteries and myths behind.
One myth states that the Knights Templar secretly guarded the Shroud of Turin, the linen cloth believed to have been placed on Jesus Christ's body before his burial. They guarded it for years after the Crusades ended.
Another says they discovered and kept religious artifacts, such as the Holy Grail, the Ark of the Covenant, and parts of the cross from Christ's crucifixion.
The Da Vinci Code, written by Dan Brown, mentions that the Templars played a part in a conspiracy to preserve the bloodline of Jesus Christ.
Survival of the Templars
Although persecuted throughout Western Europe, many Templars survived the trials and were acquitted in their respective countries, such as Portugal and Spain.
These countries used creative measures to protect the Templars, so the myth says. For example, in Portugal, the order renamed itself "The Order of Christ", and in Spain, "The Order of Montesa".
The mystery is whether these orders, that exist today, were once the Templar Order.
Templar Treasures
The Templars supposedly collected treasure that accumulated greatly over their active years.
One of the treasures was a statue of Baphomet, the idol that the Templars supposedly worshipped, that historians say King Philip IV wanted.
The statue functioned as a guardian that made lands fertile and found and guarded treasures.
The nature of this idol baffled people for years. For example, some say it's connected to the Satanic deities and others say it's the face of the Shroud of Turin.
Just like all Templar treasures, it remains a mystery as to where the statue is and if it exists.
The Church and the Templars
San Bartolomé Church, in north-central Spain, is a chapel that has drawn in spiritual seekers since the Bronze Age.
The Knights Templar carefully chose the church for its spiritual properties. The reason behind their choice remains a mystery.
It was built in the 12th century when the Templar Order owned most of the land throughout Aragorn.
According to historians, they believe the chapel's interior columns hold a hint to the assumed location of the Ark of the Covenant in Ethiopia, a relic the Templars secretly guarded.
Significance in Cultural Anthropology
image source: discover.hubpages.com
The Templars established their own order, a brotherhood, that led to their own culture that members swore to uphold.
From their creation to their persecution, their timeline shows how the eras drastically changed and the mysteries that may or may not re-write history.
In times of war, as in life, surround yourself with people of value, virtue and high morals, because it's always better to lose, perish and vanish in glory than to live in shame.
– Robin Sacredfire, author.
December 7, 2022 December 7, 2022 Baphomet, Crusades, jerusalem, Knights Templar, Seljuk
Previous Previous post: Exploring Mythological Tales From Around the World
Next Next post: Travel Guide: The Museums of Berlin Offer Abundant Cultural Discovery
Maryam Latiff
"There is no greatear agony than bearing an untold story inside of you." -Maya Angelou. Hello. My name is Maryam. I am an enthusiatic writer who wants to share stories of the world: the events, the history, the cultures, and the art. View all posts by Maryam Latiff
A Guide to The Best Mountain Bikes on the Market in the Year 2022
Ancient History: Babylon, the Greatest City in Mesopotamia


A good way to change someone's attitude,is to change your own because the same sun that melts SNOW also hardens CLAY. Life is as,as u think,so think beautiful!!
May the angels protect U.. May sadness 4get U.. May goodness surround U.. May happiness be round U.. and may God always bless U..!!


A forerunner in the UK arts industry, Melanie has been furthering the art of literature, poetry, and spoken word, for over 17 years.
She's founder of independent organisations Renaissance One and Tilt, which make regular use of live events, tours and commissions to highlight the diverse canons of British and international literature and performance. Artists and organisations collaborated with include Miami Book Fair, The Space, Chris Ofili, Bocas Lit Fest (Trinidad) and the BBC.
Recent work includes Mentoring Three Ways, a series of industry panels, creativity talks and 50 one-to-one mentoring sessions to practitioners around England; and The Independence Project, fifteen events exploring autonomy and independence, including a one-day festival at the British Library.
2018 to 2019 projects include talks and masterclasses on leadership, diversity and careers development (Speaking Art and Life), a Guest Curator role for the Bronte Parsonage and Museum that explores the theme of 'other' and producing tours and events for John Agard, Penny Pepper, Martin Figura, Gary Younge and Shivanee Ramlochan.


Porchfest is a celebration of music and community connecting people in the neighborhood as they stroll from house to house listening to great sounds. Simply stated it is performers on porches in Deering Center. Porchfest always happens on the Sunday after Labor Day. It is a free and family oriented event.
Porchfest is best on a bike!
1:00 PM : Aadrie Hill, GaBes, Jenny Van West, Liam Swift, Nick Walker, Open Drum Circle, The Colliders, Vet's Open Mic.
Thank you to all of the musicians, porch families, and organizers of this exquisite neighborhood event! Grab your bike, your friends, your family and see you out there on the music-filled streets of Deering Center!
Amy T. Sheila M. at Porchfest 2014!


text:
detroit_logo
Find a Dealer Engines Axles Transmission Powertrain Technology & Safety Parts & Service
Find a Dealer Brochures and Videos Log In
DTNA Hosts Manufacturing Day Events at Cleveland Truck Plant
Local students join politicians, DTNA executives to deepen knowledge of careers in manufacturing
Contact: Nicholas.Smith@Daimler.com
CLEVELAND, N.C. – Oct. 2, 2015 – More than 100 students today saw that modern truck manufacturing is thriving in North Carolina when they visited the Daimler Trucks North America (DTNA) Cleveland (N.C.) Truck Manufacturing Plant to explore career opportunities. The event was part of Manufacturing Day 2015, a national program designed to encourage students to consider careers in manufacturing.
Students from West Rowan High School in Mt. Ulla, N.C., and West Iredell High School in Statesville, N.C. and its Career Academy & Technical School (CATS) Troutman, N.C., joined DTNA officials and Congresswoman Virginia Foxx (R-N.C.), where they spent a day immersed in the facility, which manufactures Freightliner and Western Star industry-leading class 8 truck models.
In addition to touring the Cleveland facility, the students were able to tour facilities and hear special presentations from some of DTNA's key local industry partners, including Tube Specialties Company, located in Statesville, and Continental Structural Plastics (CSP), based in Salisbury, N.C.
"Modern manufacturing is highly sophisticated with many opportunities for advancement, yet there is often a misconception that these jobs are undesirable," said Roger Nielsen, chief operating officer for Daimler Trucks North America. "By participating in Manufacturing Day, we are able to directly connect with students and start to shift the perception about manufacturing today."
According to the 2015 Manufacturing Institute and Deloitte Skills Gap study, there is a significant shortage of workers in U.S. manufacturing that is projected to grow over the next decade.
Henning Bruns, general manager for the DTNA Cleveland Truck Manufacturing Plant, noted that "it's exciting to introduce so many high school students to our facility and to our industry. We hope that Manufacturing Day has helped to raise awareness of the many different types of opportunities in the field, and in the region."
In addition to the Cleveland plant, DTNA has manufacturing facilities in Gastonia, N.C., High Point, N.C., Mt. Holly, N.C., and Gaffney, S.C., which together employ almost 10,000 people in the region. DTNA also has manufacturing facilities in Portland, Ore. and Detroit, Mich.
"A strong manufacturing base means a strong American economy," noted Congresswoman Foxx. "It's a pleasure to participate in Manufacturing Day and help educate local students about the wonderful opportunities available in high-tech manufacturing in North Carolina."
Manufacturing Day is an annual national event executed at the local level and supported by thousands of manufacturers that host students, teachers, parents, job seekers and other community members at open houses, plant tours and presentations. It is co-produced by the Fabricators & Manufacturers Association, International (FMA), the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), the Manufacturing Institute (MI), the National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partner (MEP), and guest producer Industrial Strength Marketing (ISM).
For more information about Daimler Trucks North America, go to www.daimler-trucksnorthamerica.com.
About Daimler Trucks North America Daimler Trucks North America LLC, headquartered in Portland, Oregon, is the leading heavy-duty truck manufacturer in North America. Daimler Trucks North America produces and markets commercial vehicles under the Freightliner, Western Star and Thomas Built Buses nameplates. Daimler Trucks North America is a Daimler company, the world's leading commercial vehicle manufacturer.
Demand Detroit
Engines Axles Transmission Technology Parts & Service Why Detroit? Brochures and Videos Detroit Connect 360° Detroit Plant Tour
About History Media Careers Detroit Timeline
Million Mile Club Road Champions Blog Videos Merchandise Store
Copyright © 2019 Detroit Diesel Corporation.
Specifications are subject to change without notice. Detroit Diesel Corporation is registered to ISO 9001:2008 and ISO/TS 16949:2009.
Privacy Statement, Legal Notices and Terms Sitemap
Detroit Connect Portal
The Detroit™ Connect portal is easy-to-use, one-stop-shop for all vehicle performance data gathered, transmitted and analyzed by Detroit Connect. The portal gives you access to insights delivered by Detroit Connect Virtual Technician℠. The Detroit Connect portal will also give you access to new features, such as Remote Updates, and Analytics, available late 2017. Detroit connect portal login
DDCSN
All DDCSN content has been migrated to our DTNAConnect web portal. All information previously on the DDCSN is now on DTNAConnect. We have created a quick reference guide to help you locate the migrated content on DTNAConnect. Existing DDCSN login credentials will also work with DTNAConnect. Please work with your security administrators for login or content issues. If you do encounter any technical issues, please contact the Software Support Center at 855-639-8680 or dealer.helpdesk@daimler.com
DTNA CONNECT PORTAL LOGIN
DTNA Connect Portal
DTNA Connect is the starting point for working with all brands and franchises that fall under the Daimler Trucks North America umbrella: Detroit, Thomas Built Buses, SelecTrucks, Sterling, Freightliner, and Western Star. Here, you can access the full spectrum of online applications, resources and tools you need. Whether you use DTNA online resources to complete repairs, purchase parts, submit warranty claims, spec new vehicles or track the status of your truck orders, DTNAConnect streamlines the tasks and activities that are part of your daily work routine. DTNA Connect Portal Login