text:
Asked by: Wilberto Amel
asked in category: General Last Updated: 21st May, 2020
How did World War 1 affect farmers?
In WWI the American farmers increased their production to almost entirely sustain the Allied effort. This increased production was important as it helped start the engine for the war and also led to the overproduction of the Roaring 20's leading to the Great Depression.
Regarding this, how did ww1 affect farmers?
what happened to farmers after WWI? Farmers faced tough times. While most Americans enjoyed relative prosperity for most of the 1920s, the Great Depression for the American farmer really began after World War I . Simply put, if farmers produced less, the prices of their crops and livestock would increase.
One may also ask, why did farmers struggle after ww1?
Farmers Grow Angry and Desperate. During World War I , farmers worked hard to produce record crops and livestock. When prices fell they tried to produce even more to pay their debts, taxes and living expenses. In the early 1930s prices dropped so low that many farmers went bankrupt and lost their farms .
How did the development of new technology after World War 1 affect farmers?
The answer is: 2 It helped them produce more crops. After the world war I, the effect of industrial revolution started to spread across europe and north American countries. The development allow the farmers to produce the crops in higher quantity with significantly lower time and cost.
How did World War 2 affect agriculture?
Farmers Produce More Food for War in World War II. As the war approached, it got worse for farmers before it got better. Farming exports fell 30 to 40 percent below the average of the ten depression years that preceded the war. Grain exports, for example, fell 30 percent in one year between September 1939 and 1940.
What problems did farmers face in 1920?
Four major problems Industry. It was not all boom for American industries. Agriculture. For many American farmers, life in the 1920s was a constant struggle against poverty. Social problems. People who were wealthy in America were extremely rich, but few people shared in this prosperity. Racism.
Why did farmers oppose conscription?
Farmers' contributions to war effort were immeasurable. Farmers were among those who strongly opposed conscription. They argued that they were of greater value at home behind a plough than in a trench in France. Older farmers said that their farms couldn't produce without the labour of their sons.
How would having more farmland provide an advantage during a war?
Having more farmland during a war would allow for a larger capacity to produce food to feed the army. Meaning fighting needs fuel and that fuel for soldiers is food, thus the importance of having a significant amount of farmland.
Why did farm prices drop throughout the 1920s?
Half of the 25,662 farms in the state were mortgaged because farmers and ranchers had borrowed money to expand them. Unfortunately, the end of World War I caused the demand and prices for Utah farm goods to drop. Farmers in the 1920s had to search for new cash crops.
Why is agriculture important during times of war?
During the war, farmers received draft deferments as well as loans for increasing production through mechanization, land acquisition, and increased use of fertilizers.
Why did Farms experience labor shortages during the war?
Farm Labor Shortages during World War II. As the war progressed, farmers were being asked to produce much more food with fewer and fewer workers. All of those forces put the squeeze on farming – one of the largest employers in the economy before the war.
How did the tractor improve agriculture?
The tractor changed not only the way the land was worked, but also the crops farmers grew. Before, farmers had to devote a section of their land to growing oats for feeding their horses and mules. Gasoline tractors freed farmers from this need and allowed them to devote that space to more lucrative cash crops.
How many farms failed during the Great Depression?
Nevertheless, some 750,000 farms were lost between 1930 and 1935 through bankruptcy and foreclosure.
How did farming Cause the Great Depression?
A main cause of the Great Depression was overproduction. Factories and farms were producing more goods than the people could afford to buy. As a result, prices fell, factories closed and workers were laid off. As a result, this area became known as the "Dust Bowl."
What caused the economic boom of the 1920s?
The causes of the Economic Boom of the 1920s were the Republican government's policies of Isolationism and Protectionism, the Mellon Plan, the Assembly line and the mass production of consumer goods such as the Ford Model T Automobile and luxury labor saving devices and access to easy credit on installment plans.
What are the farmers problems?
Indian agriculture is plagued by several problems; some of them are natural and some others are manmade. Small and fragmented land-holdings: Seeds: Manures, Fertilizers and Biocides: Irrigation: Lack of mechanisation: Soil erosion: Agricultural Marketing: Inadequate storage facilities:
Why was there a farm problem in the years following World War 1?
Describe the "farm problem" in the years following WW1. American farmers had expanded production and debt to meet the heavy demand for food during the war. When the war was over and demand had subsided, resulting food surpluses caused prices to drop and left farmers with very low incomes and heavy debt.
How did the New Deal hurt farmers?
In May 1933 the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was passed. This act encouraged those who were still left in farming to grow fewer crops. Therefore, there would be less produce on the market and crop prices would rise thus benefiting the farmers – though not the consumers. This effectively killed off the AAA.
What happened to Selena's brother?
Can you use Sharpies to tie dye?
How do you hang a throw over a chair?
Which cut flowers are safe for cats?
What does the color red mean in design?
What are Pamela Adlon's daughters names?
What color is black in CSS?
How do you give a subcutaneous injection to the calf?
What is the Native American word for corn?
How much does a Fosse Septique cost in France?
Where do you spray starting fluid on a snowblower?
What are the underlying assumptions?
21st May, 2020


One of the most enjoyable parts of my job is working on the redesign of newspaper and magazine titles. Over the years Mike Brough and I have redesigned more than 90 titles. They have included new launches, taking broadsheets to the Berliner and tabloid formats, turning dailies to weeklies and even providing live camera-ready publications for customers. Demand for design work has risen this year - possibly because publishers know that if they continue to offer readers more of the same, then their sales performance will also be more of the same. So with that in mind we have put together a PDF brochure showing some of our work and drawn up some different approaches to a redesign. If you would like to see what we can do for you or receive the PDF take a look here.
My mad February schedule meant that I missed the Thanksgiving Service at St Bride's Church in Fleet Street to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the Journalists' Charity. Those who were there, though, have never stopped telling me what I missed and what an inspirational morning it was. So this week, I finally caught up with the readings that were delivered on the day. If you are a journalist, and even if you aren't, you should read them all. It is stirring stuff.
"We journalists are all different, a very different community of individuals, with different DNA to much of humankind. We're designed to challenge, to push, to dig, to question, to irritate, to run TOWARDS danger and confrontation rather than away from it – and, when we're not tearing each other apart limb from limb, we do have fun together."
I would encourage you, particularly if you're a young journalist starting out, to read her full address here.
Daily Mail editor-in-chief Paul Dacre gave a reading from Vincent Mulchrone's What makes us special.
"If, in the panic, you can find the words to convey the blood and sweat of the revolt in Oojiboo, and (which is frequently more difficult) get them back to a sub-editor worried about his train home, then you are a reporter, and the happiest animal on earth."
Trinity Mirror chief executive Simon Fox read from Keith Waterhouse's Streets Ahead memoir on joining Fleet Street for the first time.
… the smell of printers' ink and metal was at this hour as stale on the air as last night's beer, there was nevertheless a stirring, a frisson, the first buzz of that excitement that always mounted throughout the day until it came to a climax with a fleet of predominately yellow vans pulling out of Shoe Lane and Bouverie Street and Carmelite Street and Tudor Street and Fetter Lane and heading like a wagon train for the mainline stations.
The editor of The Sun, David Dinsmore, read the Greatest Company in the World by the late Mirror columnist Cassandra.
"You can get used to the noise but I've never got used to the people. The lovely nuts. The gorgeous crackpots. And all those wonderful, generous, self-derisive folk who spend their lives making dirty great black marks on miles and miles of white paper. Newspaper people are the greatest company in the world."
Telegraph Media Group chief executive, Murdoch MacLennan, read 70 years as a journalist by W.F. Deedes, in which he recalls his first day at the Morning Post.
"Go and watch the crowds in Downing Street," they told me. "Don't write anything, old boy, just useful experience." So it was. I had never reported anything in my life. Why was I there? The Morning Post, feeling its age, had decided to recruit a few young reporters. I was among them."
The actor Simon Callow also read a speech by Charles Dickens, proposing a toast to the Newspaper Press Fund, the forerunner of the Journalists' Charity, back in 1865.
It is clear that I should have made time to attend. But reading the extracts has been the next best thing. I recommend you do the same - and remind yourselves why you do what you do.
My old colleague, Ted Young, posted this picture of The (Manchester) Guardian subs room from the 1950s on Twitter yesterday. It shows his late father, Eric, top left with the chief sub (Katz?) looking over his shoulder. I joined my first daily subs room in the 1970s and it didn't really look much different from that. As Ted, now digital editor of the New York Daily News, says: "I love the pipes, pots of glue, spikes, different colour paper for foreign wires and, of course, cardigans." It's all a far cry from what remains of the subs rooms of today of course. If anyone has any other old newsroom pictures, please share them.
Footnote: If newsroom nostalgia is your thing, take a look at this ... modern journalism students having a crack at producing a paper without technology.
... The Sun, for this classic ten-decker.
I'm afraid there is only one story dominating the back pages tomorrow. Newcastle win away 4-1, the first time in six years that they have scored four away goals in the Premier League, and it barely warrants a mention. As a Newcastle supporter for more than 50 years I am no longer shocked by anything the club does. But at least it gave the headline writers some fun. I have to say the Express's 'No butts: Pards must leave' is the pick of the bunch. I quite like 'Pard nut' too. Tonight the club issued a statement that said Pardew would be fined £100,000 and it was drawing a line under the matter. It was a bit of a fuss about nothing really, handbags in the heat of the moment. That said, as someone who ran a kids' football club for 18 years, I despair at a 52-year-old manager behaving like a petulant schoolboy. Anyway, there wasn't much to laugh at in all of this ... except maybe Jeff Stelling's reaction on Gillette Soccer Saturday. Watch it here.
The Daily Mail trainees have just finished their third week at PA's training centre in Howden. They spent time with the managing director of PA Images, Martin Stephens, trainer Mike Watson, media law specialist David Banks and the Mail Plus trainees had InDesign and Photoshop training with Mike Brough. Some also submitted stories for Mail Online and Khaleda Rahman gained a byline for a story she picked up about Legoland cancelling a Muslim party after threats. You can read it here. As usual we finished with the news quiz. Well done to Ollie Gillman who scored a very high 19, narrowly beating Khaleda and Jack Crone on 18. There are a possible 24 points. See if you can do any better.
Nicolas Anelka: See question 10.
1. Police issued footage of the moment Andrew Young was killed by a single punch in a row over cycling on the pavement. In which town did this take place?
2. What was the name of the Irishman, accused of the Hyde Park bombings, whose case collapsed because of a deal during the Northern Ireland agreement?
First bonus, what year were the Hyde Park bombings?
Second bonus, who is Northern Ireland's First Minister, who threatened to resign over the IRA amnesty letters?
3. Rebecca Ferguson fainted while appearing live on which television programme?
4. One Direction member Louis Tomlinson turned out for which football team?
5. Who publicly used the cliches 'not a piece of cake,' 'where there's a will, there's a way' and 'caught between the devil and the deep blue sea' this week?
6. Which financial company has threatened to quit Scotland if it becomes independent?
7. What has the Law Commission recommended should become legally binding in court?
8. Patricia Hewitt said the National Council for Civil Liberties was 'naive and wrong' over its links with PIE. What was the last cabinet position she held?
Bonus, what is the name of the police operation now investigating PIE?
9. CNN have cancelled a show hosted by an ex-Daily Mirror editor. Name the show.
10. West Bromich Albion footballer Nicolas Anelka has received a five-game ban for using what type of gesture?
11. Why was Francesco Schettino in the headlines?
12. Where was former Guantanamo Bay detainee Moazzam Begg arrested this week?
13. What was the name of the tax-avoidance scheme that former BBC Radio 1 DJ Chris Moyes allegedly used to avoid up to £1m in tax?
14. Former Australian cricketer Shane Warne is said to have had a tryst with a bra tycoon. Name her.
15. What are Simon Cowell's Yorkshire terrier pups called? (half point for each).
16. JBS Family Butchers' window display has made the headlines. In which town is it?
17. Gavin Grant stepped down as chief executive of which organisation?
18. Why have detectives investigating Oscar Pistorius flown to America?
Bonus, the trial of Pistorius begins next week. In which city will it be held?
19. America's vice president telephoned the Ukraine's new prime minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk to say the US welcomed the formation of his government. Who is America's vice president?
20. Who claimed to have turned down a £1m 'indecent proposal' from an Arab prince?


text:
Hamlet at a Glance
Play Summary
About Hamlet
Act I: Scene 1
Act II: Scene 1
Act III: Scene 1
Act IV: Scene 1
Act V: Scene 1
Polonius
Laertes
Yorick's Skull as a Major Symbol
Free Will and Fate
Ophelia's Dilemma
Top 8 Quotes Explained
Film Versions
William Shakespeare's Hamlet follows the young prince Hamlet home to Denmark to attend his father's funeral. Hamlet is shocked to find his mother already remarried to his Uncle Claudius, the dead king's brother. And Hamlet is even more surprised when his father's ghost appears and declares that he was murdered. Exact dates are unknown, but scholars agree that Shakespeare published Hamlet between 1601 and 1603. Many believe that Hamlet is the best of Shakespeare's work, and the perfect play.
Written by: William Shakespeare
Type of Work: play
Genres: tragedy
First Published: between 1601 and 1603
Setting: Denmark
">Main Characters: Hamlet; King Claudius; Queen Gertrude; Polonius; Ophelia; Laertes; Horatio
Major Thematic Topics: fate; free will; revenge; political instability; mortality; madness
Motifs: incest; hearing/ears
Major Symbols: Yorick's skull
Movie Versions: Hamlet (1948); Hamlet (1990); William Shakespeare's Hamlet (1996); Hamlet (2000)
The three most important aspects of Hamlet:
The most famous of the five soliloquies delivered by Hamlet over the course of the play begins "To be, or not to be? That is the question." Here, Hamlet is considering suicide. He finally decides against doing so, however, reasoning that as difficult as life can sometimes be, it is preferable to death, which might be even worse.
Hamlet's central characters are Hamlet himself, Claudius, Gertrude, Ophelia, Polonius, Laertes, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and Horatio. But only Horatio survives when the curtain falls at the end of Shakespeare's play. Another central character, Hamlet's father King Hamlet, appears only as a ghost — he has been dead since before the play began.
If the character of Hamlet has a tragic flaw, it may be his inability to act decisively. On the other hand, his occasional impulsiveness — for example, in rejecting Ophelia and stabbing Polonius — results in death and destruction as well.
Next Play Summary
Approximately how much time has passed between the death of King Hamlet and the remarriage of Gertrude to Claudius?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Up for sale or trade WTS/WTT PX4 with LTT TJIB, Stealth Levers, Trijicon HD, Black JMCK AIWB and Vedder in Pink for the man that has everything.
HD rear sight has one dim. Slide release has been lovingly dremeled to make it even stealthier. I do have original parts somewhere, probably.
Trade interests. 92 Centurion. RMR, 9MM ammo, Gen 5 RMR Cut, Acro, Wilson Centurion. Will add cash if necessary.


Staples and Office Depot saw their stocks plunge after their $6.3 billion merger was blocked by a federal judge.
Investors flocked away from both retailers after the office supply giants scrapped their deal in the wake of a federal judge's decision to issue a temporary injunction blocking the accord. The judge ruled on objections raised by the Federal Trade Commission. Office Depot shares (ODP) plummeted 40.4% to close at $3.63 while Staples shares (SPLS) fell 18.3% to $8.46. The merger deal's demise casts a cloud of uncertainty over the next steps for each retailer. The Obama administration had challenged the deal on anti-competitive grounds. It was the second time in 19 years that the companies called off a merger after federal regulators raised antitrust concerns. Debbie Feinstein, director of the FTC's competition bureau, characterized the ruling as "great news for business customers in the office supply market." "This deal would eliminate head-to-head competition between Staples and Office Depot and likely lead to higher prices and lower quality service for large businesses that buy office supplies," said Feinstein. In a statement, Office Depot CEO Roland Smith expressed dismay and said the merger deal would formally end May 16.
Staples said Tuesday it will cut another $300 million in annual costs and explore alternatives for its European operations, which include more than 200 stores. The Framingham, Mass., company will pay its smaller rival a $250 million breakup fee. Office Depot CEO Roland Smith said the Boca Raton, Fla., retailer wouldn't appeal. He said the two companies will end their merger agreement on Monday. The decision was released after U.S. stock markets had closed Tuesday. Wall Street has been skeptical for most of the past year of the prospects for the combination to overcome the antitrust challenge, and Office Depot shares have been trading at a wide discount to the proposed stock-and-cash offer.
Buyers from Pfizer to Halliburton and Canadian Pacific all arguably should have been more prepared for the regulatory uproar that their respective deals caused. Tax inversions were a known target for the Treasury Department, falling oil prices made a major combination of services providers even less palatable to customers, and regulators have made their dislike of major train deals pretty darn clear for years. But Staples and Office Depot have a right to be a little bewildered. There's a reason there are only two major brick-and-mortar office supply retailers left in this country: they're a dying breed. Staples hasn't increased revenue in years, while Office Depot is mired in what would be an eight-year slump if not for its 2013 purchase of OfficeMax. The great irony is that combining the two wouldn't necessarily stop the downward spiral. It would just make it less painful -- maybe. It's hard to raise prices and gain market share when you're eager for whatever business you can get in the face of competition from Amazon, which can do everything cheaper and more efficiently.


text:
Q: Messages duplicates twice when a user sends a message I'm building a chat application that sends messages and media files, my problem is that when a user sends a message or a media file it displays twice. But when I close my chat activity and open it again it displays as expected i.e. once.
My Chat Activity
public class ChatActivityy extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_chat);

        mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
        messageSenderID = mAuth.getCurrentUser().getUid();
        Rootref = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference();
        UsersRef = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference("Users");

        messageReceiverID = getIntent().getExtras().get("visit_user_id").toString();
        messageReceiverName = getIntent().getExtras().get("visit_user_name").toString();

        //Toast.makeText(this, messageReceiverID, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        //Toast.makeText(this, messageReceiverName, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();

        InitializeControllers();
        DisplayLastSeen();
        GetUserInfo();
        userName.setText(messageReceiverName);

        SendMessageButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                notify = true;
                SendMessage();
                //MessageInputText.setText("");
            }
        });

        SendFilesButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                CharSequence[] options = new CharSequence[]
                        {
                                "Images",
                                "Videos",
                                "Documents",
                                "Audio",
                                "Cancel"
                        };
                AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(ChatActivityy.this);
                builder.setItems(options, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {
                        if (i == 0)
                        {
                            checker = "image";

                            Intent intent = new Intent();
                            intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
                            intent.setType("image/*");
                            startActivityForResult(intent.createChooser(intent, "Select Image"), 438);
                        }
}
                });
                builder.show();
            }
        });
        apiService = Client.getClient("https://fcm.googleapis.com/").create(APIService.class);
    }
}
 @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data)
    {
        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);

        if (requestCode == 438 && resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null & data.getData() !=null)
        {
            loadingBar.setTitle("Sending file");
            loadingBar.setMessage("Please wait, your file is sending");
            loadingBar.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
            loadingBar.show();

            fileUri = data.getData();
if(checker.equals("image"))
            {
                StorageReference storageReference = FirebaseStorage.getInstance().getReference().child("Image Files");

                String messageSenderRef = "Messages/" + messageSenderID + "/" + messageReceiverID;
                String messageReceiverRef = "Messages/" + messageReceiverID + "/" + messageSenderID;

                DatabaseReference userMessageKeyRef = Rootref.child("Messages")
                        .child(messageSenderID).child(messageReceiverID).push();

                final String messagePushID = userMessageKeyRef.getKey();

                final StorageReference filepath = storageReference.child(messagePushID + "." + "jpg");

                uploadTask = filepath.putFile(fileUri);

                uploadTask.continueWithTask(new Continuation() {
                    @Override
                    public Object then(@NonNull Task task) throws Exception {
                        if (!task.isSuccessful())
                        {
                            throw task.getException();
                        }
                        return filepath.getDownloadUrl();
                    }
                }).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Uri>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<Uri> task) {
                        if (task.isSuccessful())
                        {
                            Uri downloadUrl = task.getResult();
                            myUrl = downloadUrl.toString();

                            Map messageTextBody = new HashMap();
                            messageTextBody.put("message", myUrl);
                            messageTextBody.put("name", fileUri.getLastPathSegment());
                            messageTextBody.put("type", checker);
                            messageTextBody.put("from", messageSenderID);
                            messageTextBody.put("to", messageReceiverID);
                            messageTextBody.put("messageID", messagePushID);
                            messageTextBody.put("time", saveCurrentTime);
                            messageTextBody.put("date", saveCurrentDate);

                            Map messageBodyDetails = new HashMap();
                            messageBodyDetails.put(messageSenderRef + "/" + messagePushID, messageTextBody);
                            messageBodyDetails.put(messageReceiverRef + "/" + messagePushID, messageTextBody);

                            Rootref.updateChildren(messageBodyDetails).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener() {
                                @Override
                                public void onComplete(@NonNull Task task) {
                                    if (task.isSuccessful()) {
                                        loadingBar.dismiss();
                                        // Toast.makeText(ChatActivityy.this, "Message Sent", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                                    } else {
                                        loadingBar.dismiss();
                                        Toast.makeText(ChatActivityy.this, "Message not sent", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                                    }
                                    MessageInputText.setText("");
                                }
                            });
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
            else
            {
                loadingBar.dismiss();
                Toast.makeText(this, "No Image Selected", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }
 @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();

        Rootref.child("Messages").child(messageSenderID).child(messageReceiverID)
                .addChildEventListener(new ChildEventListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onChildAdded(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot, @Nullable String s) {
                        Messages messages = dataSnapshot.getValue(Messages.class);
                        messagesList.add(messages);
                        messageAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                        userMessagesList.smoothScrollToPosition(userMessagesList.getAdapter().getItemCount());
                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onChildChanged(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot, @Nullable String s) {

                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onChildRemoved(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {

                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onChildMoved(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot, @Nullable String s) {

                    }

                    @Override
                    public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {

                    }
                });
    }
 private void SendMessage()
    {
        String messageText = MessageInputText.getText().toString();

        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(messageText))
        {
            Toast.makeText(this, "Enter a Message", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
        else {
            String messageSenderRef = "Messages/" + messageSenderID + "/" + messageReceiverID;
            String messageReceiverRef = "Messages/" + messageReceiverID + "/" + messageSenderID;

            DatabaseReference userMessageKeyRef = Rootref.child("Messages")
                    .child(messageSenderID).child(messageReceiverID).push();

            String messagePushID = userMessageKeyRef.getKey();

            Map messageTextBody = new HashMap();
            messageTextBody.put("message", messageText);
            messageTextBody.put("type", "text");
            messageTextBody.put("from", messageSenderID);
            messageTextBody.put("to", messageReceiverID);
            messageTextBody.put("messageID", messagePushID);
            messageTextBody.put("time", saveCurrentTime);
            messageTextBody.put("date", saveCurrentDate);

            Map messageBodyDetails = new HashMap();
            messageBodyDetails.put(messageSenderRef + "/" + messagePushID, messageTextBody);
            messageBodyDetails.put(messageReceiverRef + "/" + messagePushID, messageTextBody);

            Rootref.updateChildren(messageBodyDetails).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener() {
                @Override
                public void onComplete(@NonNull Task task) {
                    if (task.isSuccessful()) {
                       // Toast.makeText(ChatActivityy.this, "Message Sent", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(ChatActivityy.this, "Message not sent", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                    MessageInputText.setText("");
                }
            });
            final String msg = messageText;

           // UsersRef.child(messageSenderID);
            UsersRef.addValueEventListener(new ValueEventListener() {
                @Override
                public void onDataChange(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
                    Friends user = dataSnapshot.getValue(Friends.class);
                    if (notify) {
                        sendNotification(messageReceiverID, user.getName(), msg);
                    }
                    notify = false;
                }

                @Override
                public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {

                }
            });
        }
    }

My Adapter
public class MessageAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MessageAdapter.MessageViewHolder>
{
    private List<Messages> userMessagesList;
    private FirebaseAuth mAuth;
    private DatabaseReference usersRef;

    MessageAdapter(List<Messages> userMessagesList) {
        this.userMessagesList = userMessagesList;
    }

    class MessageViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder
    {
        TextView senderMessageText, receiverMessageText;
        ZoomageView senderImage, receiverImage;
        ImageView senderMedia, receiverMedia;

        public MessageViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
            super(itemView);

            senderMessageText = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.sender_message_text);
            receiverMessageText = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.receiver_message_text);

        }
    }

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public MessageViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType)
    {
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())
                .inflate(R.layout.custom_messages_layout, parent, false);

        mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();

        return new MessageViewHolder(view);
    }

    @Override
    public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull final MessageViewHolder messageViewHolder, final int position) {
        String messageSenderID = mAuth.getCurrentUser().getUid();
        final Messages messages = userMessagesList.get(position);

        String fromUserID = messages.getFrom();
        String fromMessageType = messages.getType();

        usersRef = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference().child("Users").child(fromUserID);
        messageViewHolder.receiverMessageText.setVisibility(View.GONE);
        messageViewHolder.senderMessageText.setVisibility(View.GONE);

        if (fromMessageType.equals("text")) {
            if (fromUserID.equals(messageSenderID)) {
                messageViewHolder.senderMessageText.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                messageViewHolder.senderMessageText.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.sender_message);
                messageViewHolder.senderMessageText.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
                messageViewHolder.senderMessageText.setText(messages.getMessage() + "\n \n" + messages.getTime() + " - " + messages.getDate());
            } else {
                messageViewHolder.receiverMessageText.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
          messageViewHolder.receiverMessageText.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.receiver_messages_layout);
                messageViewHolder.receiverMessageText.setTextColor(Color.BLACK);
                messageViewHolder.receiverMessageText.setText(messages.getMessage() + "\n \n" + messages.getTime() + " - " + messages.getDate());
            }
        }

        if (fromUserID.equals(messageSenderID))
        {
            messageViewHolder.itemView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(View v) {
                    if (userMessagesList.get(position).getType().equals("text"))
                    {
                        CharSequence[] options = new CharSequence[]
                                {
                                        "Delete for me",
                                        "Delete for Everyone",
                                        "Copy",
                                        "Cancel"
                                };
                        AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(messageViewHolder.itemView.getContext());

                        builder.setItems(options, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {
                                if (i == 0)
                                {
                                    deleteSentMessage(position, messageViewHolder);
                                }
                                else if (i == 1)
                                {
                                    deleteMessageForEveryone(position, messageViewHolder);
                                }

                                else if (i == 2)
                                {
                                    ClipboardManager myClipboard = (ClipboardManager) v.getContext().getSystemService(Context.CLIPBOARD_SERVICE);

                                    ClipData myClip = ClipData.newPlainText("label", messageViewHolder.senderMessageText.getText().toString());
                                    myClipboard.setPrimaryClip(myClip);
                                    Toast.makeText(v.getContext(), "Copied to clipboard" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT ).show();

                                    //setClipboard(mContext, messageViewHolder.senderMessageText.toString());
                                }
                            }
                        });
                        builder.show();
                    }
                  }

    @Override
    public int getItemCount() {
        return userMessagesList.size();
    }

}

A: This might be because you attach a listener in onStart. After you start a new intent, the activity is paused, and then, after the user has added a new message and resumed the old activity, method onStart is called one more time. So at that moment you have two listeners. If the next added message is duplicated three times, then it must be the actual problem. Try moving EventListener to onCreate. Or check if it is already assigned to your directory (Idk if this is possible with the database), if you want to leave it in onStart

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Bill Shankly: it's not how you arrive, it's how you leave
The Masterminds
12/11/2015 by Jon Townsend
The feature is part of The Masterminds
GREAT MANAGERS HAVE A WAY WITH WORDS AND WIT. They are governed by a sense of honesty to put their craft and players before all else. William "Bill" Shankly was born and raised in a tiny mining community in Scotland's Ayrshire mine network of villages. The village of Glenbuck shaped Shankly's personality, work habits, morality, and sense of duty. As the youngest brother of five boys, each of whom went on to play professionally, Shankly simply lived for football.
He also understood what hunger felt like in the most literal sense as poverty was his reality. Such conditions whittled him into a hardworking man and in his autobiography, Shankly compared the location of Glenbuck to Outer Mongolia. Food was scarce, water was dirty, winters were ruthless and the thought of a better life was the stuff reserved for dreams.
Football coursed through the veins of the Shankly boys and over the years Bill gained an immense appreciation for the game as a respite for a life down in the mines. As is the case with many of football's great players and managers born into a life of struggle, it's important to explore why he was drawn to the sport. Shankly's plight as a youngster had him resorting to stealing: food to survive, coal to burn and bread to share with his brothers. His formative years were spent entirely in destitution that would either make or break him.
Whereas many of football's greatest managers enjoyed a footballing education played on the manicured pitches, in nice classrooms and surrounded by opportunity, Shankly's early years were balanced between playing football with his brothers and friends, fighting off fatigue, mine gasses, rats, eating spoiled vegetables and stale bread, and carving out a meagre existence. In the early chapters of his autobiography Shankly, he states: "We were never really clean. It was unbelievable how we survived. Going home to wash in a tub was the biggest thing. The first time I was in a bath was when I was 15".
At home and in primary school, Shankly was exposed to strict behavioural standards that he would later rely on as a player and manager. Shankly left school aged 15 and worked in the mines with his brother until the mine closed and unemployment became a reality. Inspired by Scotland's powerhouse football clubs in Glasgow Rangers and Celtic, Shankly was a blue-collar, role-playing footballer with hopes to be seen and signed to a professional contract. Trials with small clubs around Glenbuck led to Shankly playing, at a stretch, semi-meaningful games until Carlisle United granted him a month-long trial after being scouted.
Shankly played the 1932/33 season at Carlisle United and featured as a right-half whose game was built on playing simple, tough and energetic football. At season's end, Carlisle United entertained a bid from Preston North End where his discipline, tackling ability, willingness to run for days and decision-making to pass and move – a tactic that would serve him well in the future – led to a successful debut season. Shankly continued to play for Preston and won the FA Cup in 1938 – the highlight of his playing career.
Internationally, Shankly turned out for Scotland 12 times. His performances matched his personality as a young Shankly showed he was willing to run, compete and play any role his country required of him. The Second World War broke out when Shankly was 26 and halted his club career; however, he continued playing wartime exhibitions while serving in the Royal Air Force. By the time professional league football resumed in 1946, Shankly was 33 and his best playing days were behind him. He stayed with Preston until he retired in 1949.
Read | Bob Paisley: the gentle giant who couldn't stop winning
However, Shankly's evolution was just beginning. His career as a manager started with Carlisle United. He enjoyed the array of footballing methodologies required to be a coach, but valued being a leader above all else. Shankly hinged his success as a manager on approaching the game with the same set of principles that helped him get by in life: hard work, honesty, bravery, resilience and common sense. The Scotsman required his players to understand what struggle meant, felt like and tasted like, so they would never take anything for granted – including the fans and city they represented.
"Well, I'm hard on people who I need to be hard on; for people I don't need to be hard on they're the very opposite. So there's a balance. Nowadays, if a man who's playing in front of the public, who's being well-paid and he doesn't dedicate himself to the job, I'd be hard on him … if I could I would put him in jail. Out the road of society – because he's a menace."
At Carlisle United, Shankly's demands that players function as a unit and exhibit an unrivalled work ethic transformed the club and improved its standing, going from 15th place without Shankly the year prior to finishing in ninth place by 1950. The following year, Carlisle finished in third, almost gaining promotion.
Through careful scouting and motivational techniques rooted in early sports psychology, Shankly made his players feel ten feet tall. One of his greatest strengths was his ability to man-manage and garner fan support to rally behind the team. The team-first ethos was contagious and by 1950/51 ticket sales spiked as the club pushed for promotion and squared-off against Arsenal in the FA Cup. However, a dispute over player bonuses caused Shankly to resign from Carlisle as he accused the club's board of going back on a promise to pay the players more for finishing in the top three.
In 1951, Shankly managed Grimsby Town and made a run at promotion in the 1951-52 campaign. His team missed out by three points to Lincoln City. At Grimsby, Shankly's coaching evolved from the motivational to the methodical. He demanded his teams play small-sided games for hours with consequences for the losing sides, not out of a desire to punish players, but instil in them the will to compete for everything.
He drilled set-piece routines into his players' heads and developed a system of early counter-pressing that would spark into counter-attacking football most post-war teams could not cope with effectively. The following year, Grimsby continued their good run of form under Shankly's tutelage, which used progressive training and motivational levels with traditional, discipline-based principles; however, much like at Carlisle United, Shankly had a falling out with the board and resigned.
The Grimsby Town adventure led to a placement and rebuilding project at Workington, who, in 1953/54, were rooted at the bottom of the Third Division North. Shankly's skill as a manager extended to his willingness to perform the unglamorous tasks for the good of the club himself. His duties included answering phones, delivering letters, typing team sheets, depositing and withdrawing payroll cheques, negotiating field protocols as Workington shared its ground with a rugby team.
Read | Why Joe Fagan deserves to be remembered as one of football's greatest managers
The problem, again, that Shankly encountered was such work and ambition was generally one-sided and difficult to maintain by boardroom members and support staff, and by November of 1955 he was off to Huddersfield Town, this time as an assistant manager and reserve team coach. At Huddersfield, his roles suited his ability to spot players and utilise their talent.
Shankly's time with Huddersfield Town saw him back in the manager's position before long and fully utilising his crop of talented youngsters – most notably a 16-year old Denis Law and future 1966 World Cup winner Ray Wilson, among others, whom the board was keen to sell-on for a profit that wasn't necessarily to be reinvested back into the football club to buy replacements for Shankly. By now, however, attention from another board was beginning to ruminate – and not for the first time – as Liverpool, then in the Second Division, came calling.
In December 1959, Bill Shankly arrived at Anfield to a club that was not only stagnating, but was struggling on the field and on the administrative front. The stadium itself was literally falling apart. Shankly once said: "I don't know if you ever saw Anfield when I came … but it was the biggest toilet in Liverpool." Shankly, a man whose childhood and adolescence were rooted in poverty demanded the club make the necessary changes immediately.
At Liverpool, however, something felt different for Shankly and he did what great managers do – connect with the city and the people. He wisely connected the spirit and humour of the Scottish people with the people of Liverpool. "I'm one of them. They're that kind of people. They're arrogant, cocky, they are proud … and that's how I wanted the team to be." In the early Shankly years at Liverpool the Scotsman exhibited a remarkable ability to manage "outside the club" by making the people emotionally invest in the team and the team emotionally invest in the people paying to watch them play football.
On the staffing side, Shankly enlisted the help of Bob Paisley and Joe Fagan – two men that would play pivotal roles in Liverpool's success during and after the Shankly era. The Scotsman also placed importance on the men having a strong personal rapport in addition to sharing the same philosophy and vision for Liverpool Football Club. Much like the dynamic management duo of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor, Shankly, Paisley and Fagan played to each other's strengths. Shankly was the mastermind of motivation while Paisley provided the tactical nous to ensure Liverpool's success on the field.
Shankly's intentions for Liverpool are appropriately stated: "My idea was to build Liverpool into a bastion of invincibility."
A common theme at each club Shankly managed was the change of culture and the powerful aura of his presence. He once said: "A manager whose players are honest with him and he's honest with them he can transmit his thoughts to them. And I'm certain I've headed some balls that have gone into the net, and I've kept a few out. And I've scored a few goals as well. So I've willed somebody to do something and they've done it."
Introductions of elements like the famous 'Boot Room' along with improvements to Melwood were only the start. The entire match preparation and training methodology at Liverpool had to change as well. Facets of football management that Shankly instituted are simply non-negotiable today. Additionally, personality plays just as much of a role in a manager's success as results do in football. Shankly and his staff at Liverpool revolutionised how the team trained and played football – decisions that would continue to pay dividends for decades as Liverpool became one of world football's most dominant clubs.
Read | Why Liverpool's team of 1987/88 is perhaps English football's finest
The foundations Shankly laid at Melwood manifested in success at Anfield. In an age where long, punishing training runs forced players to plod around on the pavement were the norm, Shankly opted to mandate fitness work be done with a ball at the foot his players. Small-sided games, proper warm-up and cool-down periods, periodised technical workouts, circuit training and segmentation practices created a standard that would eventually come to be known as 'The Liverpool Way'.
True to his blue-collar upbringing, Shankly insisted players approach their football training with the seriousness of match play. He described the trick to coaching by stating, "Natural enthusiasm, that's the whole thing. It's the greatest thing in the world, natural enthusiasm. You're nothing without it. Nothing."
Players showed up to Melwood with a professional approach as the coaching staff experimented with pass and move patterns of play and routines. The team ate together, stretched together, entered and exited the training ground and stadium together – Liverpool Football Club became the star over any one player.
Football's greatest managers pay attention to the little things and Shankly's attention to detail remains unrivalled. He once described the importance of standards, honesty, and attention to detail:
"Even in the Army when you got some services during the war, you get some horrible jobs. You go to the cookhouse to dry about 6,000 dishes and the latrines, you clean them out. Well, if I had a job to do, even if it was scrubbing the floor, I wanted my floor to be cleaner than yours. Now if everyone thinks along these lines and does all the small jobs to the best of their ability – that's honesty, then the world would be better and football will be better. So, what I want is hard work. And no football club is successful without hard work."
At Liverpool, Shankly did what he had failed to do at previous clubs, which was to ensure the board could match his ambitions related to all functions of the club ranging from facilities, player transfers and sales to messaging with the fans. Liverpool's ascension from the Second Division was contingent upon Shankly convincing the board to spend money on good players without the hemming and hawing that could derail transfers.
At Liverpool, Shankly and his staff exhibited an uncanny ability to sign players like Ian St John and Ron Yeats to form the spearhead and backbone of the attack and defence respectively. Rummaging through the junior side at Melwood and the reserves, Shankly brought players through like Tommy Lawrence, Ronnie Moran and Roger Hunt. By 1963, Liverpool were promoted and its academy had become a football mill, churning out players like Tommy Smith, Ian Callaghan, and Chris Lawler that fitted Shankly's philosophy perfectly.
Read | The King and I: how Kenny Dalglish turned discord into harmony
By 1964, Shankly set his sights on domestic dominance and in 1965, the club won its first FA Cup. With the FA Cup success came European football and in the 1964-65 season, Liverpool reached the semi-finals of the European Cup. Always looking for a competitive advantage, Shankly toyed with the club's kit, switching to an entirely red kit to "make the players look taller".
The following year, Liverpool learned the rigours that European football inflicted on domestic league play. Shankly, Paisley and Fagan analysed what worked and what didn't in European competition and unleashed tactical deployments that made Anfield a fortress and European away matches more conservative – a strategy that is well-used in modern football.
In subsequent years players like John Toshack, Steve Heighway, Ray Clemence and Emlyn Hughes reinforced Shankly's resourcefulness and ability to spot players and utilise his scouting network that he created at Liverpool. Chief scout, Geoff Twentyman, a former player under Shankly at Carlisle United, set the stage for continued success regarding player acquisition. Shankly's pass and move style of play demanded the club not only get skilled footballers but tireless and complete players as well.
The impact of Bill Shankly extended far beyond the pitch as he continued to hone his craft through empowering his players through psychology. Without Shankly there would be no 'This is Anfield' sign in the players' tunnel, nor would there be a multitude of European and domestic titles that still remain illustrious.
Shankly's legacy remains the stuff of legend within football, but his methods were well before their time. Very few managers can master the art of man-management, creating a club culture, witty and intelligent oration, and perhaps most importantly, leaving a place better than when they arrived the way Shankly did at Liverpool.
In talking about the bond and communication he formed with his players, Shankly once said: "Well, I think if a manager is honest and he has this natural enthusiasm, I think whilst he can't go on the field with the players he can convey it to the players, you understand? He's with them and they're with him – and they'll be successful."
Bill Shankly personified the qualities a football manager that can't be taught in any coaching courses. His dedication to football mirrored the way he was raised and lived his life. Simple, honest, hard working, persistent, tough and creative. In the end, it's evident that his biggest concern was less about winning and more about doing things the right way.
"I'd like to think that I have put more into the game than I have taken out. And that I haven't cheated anybody, that I've been working for people honestly all along the line, for the people of Liverpool who go to Anfield. I'd like to be recognised for trying to give them entertainment."
By Jon Townsend. Follow @jon_townsend3
Tags: carlisle, grimsby, liverpool, premier league, preston, scotland, shankly
Jon Townsend 12/11/2015
MARADONA x LEEDS
Federico Valverde: the all-action talent helping to usher in a new era at Real Madrid
Billy Munday 21/12/2020
The journey of Kylian Mbappe to FIFA 21 cover star, with COPA90
Josh Butler 10/12/2020
The joy of Johan Micoud at Werder Bremen
James Kelly 10/12/2020
The struggles and Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe and Galatasaray, Turkish football's traditional big three
A tribute to Ray Clemence: a man of rare class on and off the pitch
Steven Scragg 25/11/2020
JOIN: EXCLUSIVE CONTENT x OFFERS


text:
Innovative Flying Tips That Will Simplify Your Next Trip
EntertainmentTips & Tricks
by Smalltallk Press September 22, 2022 December 15, 2022 0210
Who doesn't like to travel and explore the world, especially in this historic era in which we find ourselves? Despite the enjoyment of travel, flying itself can frequently be very stressful. This can put a trip to an early end because just the thought of encountering typical travel difficulties can be demoralizing.
Fortunately, your next airport experience can go much more smoothly with some well-executed planning, to the point where you might even enjoy the experience. All you'll need is some advance planning and a few shortcuts that the majority of tourists are totally ignorant of.
Not On The Rocks
A nice, cold beverage is quite reviving, especially after all the preparation you put into getting ready for your flight. Even a nice soft drink can help you relax after a long day and take the edge off; it's not even necessary for it to be an alcoholic beverage.
But it's best to decline the ice when the flight crew offers you a drink. Experts believe that the ice being distributed may contain a sizable amount of bacteria. Ideally, the beverage's container—a can or bottle—will be chilled by itself.
Don't Sleep During Takeoff Or Landing
Even if it's just to have the opportunity to sleep for a few hours, many people actually look forward to flying. Try to wait until after takeoff before you get all eager to just pass out immediately. You risk harming your inner ear if you don't actively control changes in cabin pressure as the plane takes off.
The long-term protection of your ears and your hearing can be achieved by opening and closing your mouth, chewing gum, and even taking antihistamines to help with cabin pressure changes.
When it comes to creating a comfortable flight experience, comfort is essential. You will undoubtedly perspire as you lug your luggage through the airport. Before you get ready for the trip, choose appropriate clothing that you won't get too hot in.
It can be quite uncomfortable for those 30 or more minutes before the air conditioning kicks in. You can dress a little more casually even if you're a businessman who always dresses to the nines and are working the entire flight.
Timeliness Is Key
When you travel, you never know what kinds of hiccups or delays to expect. Your travel plans may be quickly derailed by ticketing hiccups or excessively long security lines, particularly during peak travel periods.
Arrive early and give yourself plenty of time to do a favor for both you and your traveling companions. There can occasionally be last-minute, unforeseen problems, like a gate change or longer lines than expected. It is better to plan on unforeseen delays and show up early.
Pack Some Extra Socks
Your feet will work hard as you sprint through the airport to make your flight or even just walk the seemingly endless terminal. In addition to the previously mentioned tip about wearing comfortable shoes, you'd be surprised at how much perspiration your feet produce while you're traveling. Socks are a good idea right now, even though warm weather and flip flops are coming.
You can reset, get rid of some of the travel stench, and be prepared to move as soon as you land if you have a fresh start.
Lounge Around
If you aren't already utilizing this one, frequent travelers should pay special attention to it. For those with airline status, airport lounges are available for their comfort and convenience. Spend some time in the lounge while you wait for your flight rather than slouching on the uncomfortable chairs at the gate.
While some lounges are free to use for credit card preferred members, others have a small entrance fee. If you travel frequently enough, it's well worth the expense.
Wear Layers, Or At Least Bring Them
It helps to have a few extra layers with you to make sure you are warm enough in transit even if you are traveling to a warmer climate. Although you'll probably feel pretty warm before takeoff, the temperature on board the aircraft can change significantly.
Some cabins are quite chilly; bringing an extra sweatshirt, a scarf, and some light gloves will help you stay warm during the flight. In case you get too warm, bring some stretchy, breathable clothing. You might also want to bring an extra layer or a scarf in case the cabin gets too cold.
Wear The Right Shoes
Your travel experience will be made or broken by your shoes, just like it is by your clothing. Probably not a good idea to be carrying your belongings and luggage around in six-inch heels.
For the lengthy walk from the airport entrance to your gate, wear flats or sneakers. Additionally, pick shoes that are simple to take off because you'll probably be going through security and need to do so. Later, your feet will be grateful.
Opt For Advance Check-In
Making an early check-in is a great way to reduce some of the stress associated with traveling. To prevent hiccups, take care of as many details as you can in advance.
Some airlines let you check in in advance at kiosks or even on your phone, which makes it simple to skip security and head straight to your gate. To avoid the first lengthy line at the ticket counter, you can even have the boarding pass emailed to your phone.
Your body can suffer when you travel. Even those of us who are extremely committed to working out sometimes struggle to find time for a workout on days when we have flights scheduled.
Finding time for regular stretching is especially crucial when sitting for extended periods of time. Stretching can help relieve tension and those aches and pains that sap energy in addition to breaking up some of the monotony and boredom that may inevitably happen mid-flight.
Skip The Fizz
Free drinks on flights like Coke, Sprite, and root beer are tasty and refreshing, but it's not always a good idea to drink them while you're flying.
When you consume carbonated beverages, you swallow extra air, which later on when cabin pressure changes can really "backfire." To the displeasure of your fellow passengers, you might wind up releasing a lot of that gas during the flight. Stay away.
Travel In The A.M. To Avoid Turbulence
Being in turbulence while flying is uncomfortable and occasionally frightening. It can make motion sickness worse for people who already have sensitive stomachs.
You are less likely to experience turbulence brought on by storms, strong winds, and heat rising from the earth if you travel in the morning. In case you do have a tendency to catch a cold in the air, you'll also likely have much less food in your system early in the morning.
Bring Some Cash Along
Many are hesitant to travel with cash because there seems to be less and less reason for people to trust one another, but there are times when it is necessary. Although most of the time using a credit card is convenient, cash is still king.
When visiting another country, being prepared for anything by having local currency on hand for in-flight purchases, valet tips, and other small purchases.
Ensure Your Bag Is Unloaded First
The last thing you want to do after a long flight is go to baggage claim and spend another thirty minutes running around trying to find your bags. There's a cool trick that will enable you to receive your bags more quickly.
If you don't mind arriving at the very end of the check-in window for your flight, you'll ensure that your bag is still available. By doing so, you'll be able to find your bag at the baggage claim as one of the first ones out and continue your journey.
Want to read some more fun stuff? Check out 15 really useful and life-changing cleaning hacks for your car.
Create Good Karma
What is thrown out, is thrown back. You should always be respectful and courteous to people who work in the service industry. But frequent travelers will tell you that being kind to the flight crew and staff will pay off. Giving the flight attendants a chocolate bar, even if it's something small, could be beneficial.
The same staff members will reciprocate in kind by providing you with additional freebies and services that more irate travelers might not be able to receive. Making a few new friends is not a bad idea if you're going to be in the air for a while.
Steer Clear Of Babies If You Can
Although babies are adorable and adorable in everyday life, some passengers become uneasy when they see a new parent and child occupying the seat next to them. The hopes of getting some rest on a transatlantic flight fade as you realize that there will inevitably be crying and screaming.
As much as we sympathize with the parents' efforts to calm their kids in this upsetting circumstance, try to sit in any open seats that will have a much quieter atmosphere.
Want to read some more fun stuff? Check out what kind of house can you buy for $500k in each state.
Famous women who have sported the shaved head look
What Happened To These Stars From The 80s?
Smalltallk Press
10 Insanely Hot Weather Girls & Meteorologists
Smalltallk Press July 2, 2021 December 15, 2022
20 Classy Haircuts For Females to Make You Look Younger
Smalltallk Press July 28, 2022 December 15, 2022
How to Deal with Jealousy in Intimate Relationships?
Smalltallk Press April 7, 2021 December 15, 2022
These Female Anchors Make Fox News A Titan In The Industry
20 Smart Car Hacks! Genius Hacks That Will Change Your Life
Most women desire these things, but they are hesitant to ask their...
Smalltallk Press September 2, 2022 December 15, 2022
Amazing Uses For WD-40 That You Didn't Know About
Smalltallk Press September 19, 2022 December 15, 2022
Iconic Photos That Show A Different Side Of History
Real-Life Optical Illusions That Will Blow Your Mind
These Are The Richest Women In The World
September 21, 2022 December 15, 2022 0
20 Airport Moments That You Just Have to...
July 27, 2022 December 15, 2022 0
The Top 20 Betrayals That Changed History
Most Interesting But Little-Known Facts About Abraham Lincoln
Luxury family travel and lifestyle blog RSS feed 2023: Top 16 choice
Christian Cooper January 13, 2023 January 15, 2023
Will Lionel Messi be the difference in Argentina`s must-win world cup 2022...
Christian Cooper December 11, 2022 January 13, 2023
Did You Know That These Special Cars Are Losing Value?
The Most Paused Scenes In Movie History
The Biggest Stars Of The '70s: Where Are They Now
Smalltallk Press October 4, 2022 December 15, 2022
October 4, 2022 December 15, 2022 0
Somehow, These Double-Standards Are Still Present in a Lot of Relationships
Worlds (3)
Smalltallk includes both edited and unique content and unmoderated posts and comments containing personal opinions. Social Channels Coming Soon
The Biggest Stars Of The '70s: Where Are...
Somehow, These Double-Standards Are Still Present in a...
Amazing Uses For WD-40 That You Didn't Know...
Luxury family travel and lifestyle blog RSS feed...
Will Lionel Messi be the difference in Argentina`s...
Qatar World Cup 2022: The Biggest Prize Pool,...
Christian Cooper December 10, 2022 December 15, 2022
19 Hotel Room Cleaners Share The Weirdest Things They Have Found In Someones Room
Stacy Amanpour December 2, 2022 December 15, 2022
December 2, 2022 December 15, 2022 0
FIFA World Cup 2022 : Germany haunted by winter ghost as opening game defeat by Japan
Christian Cooper December 6, 2022 December 15, 2022
Selena Gomez : The Cinderella Story You Never Knew
© 2023 Smalltallk.


text:
Blazes That Refuse to Die: 'Zombie Fires'
Those factors interconnect: High temperatures lead to longer fire seasons and larger burn areas as well as drier soils that are friendly to fire. And because the fires occur in peat and peat-like soils high in carbon content, their burning can emit disproportionately large amounts of carbon dioxide and methane that contribute to global warming.
In Alaska, Dr. Veraverbeke noted, only 10 percent of carbon emissions from fires comes from trees; 90 percent comes from burning soil. The research found that carbon emissions from overwintering fires currently contribute 0.5 percent of the total carbon emissions from fires in Alaska and the Northwest Territories, yet "this fraction may grow larger with climate warming," the authors wrote.
With the likeliest places where overwintering fires might occur outlined in the paper, the authors suggest, it could be possible for firefighters to focus on anticipating where re-emerging may occur and be ready to suppress them, saving firefighting resources and reducing emissions.
While the fires are not a strong influence from season to season currently, "that could happen," said Dr. Turetsky. The worry is that "they will actually be a force shaping subsequent fire seasons," she said.
J. Michael Waddington, Canada research chair at McMaster University in ecohydrology, the study of how water interacts with an environment, called the new research, which he did not participate in, "very elegant and excellent." Dr. Waddington said that fires that burn deeper into the soil will become more common as the Earth warms. Because the new study shows the conditions that promote zombie fires, he said, "it does give fire suppression, fire managers, a little head start to anticipate whether the next year is going to be a problem."
"Zombie" fires is the kind of phrase that some scientists disparage as sensationalistic, but the idea of a seemingly dead thing sputtering back to life is a powerful image that captures the imagination Dr. Veraverbeke acknowledged. "That's part of our job, right? To communicate science." Besides, he said, "It's a great analogy."
Dr. Turetsky suggested a different metaphor for the fires: ghosts. "It's the past coming back to haunt the future," she said.


text:
Providing access to quality Sports technology resources and subject support.
References and citations Working off-campus Using the library
Databases View more
Here are the key databases/online resources to start finding information in your subject area. Click on 'View more' to go to the full listing for the Library, and use the filters to find more for this subject and others.
SPORTDiscus with Full Text
This bibliographic database covers key areas of sports medicine and related fields. Content areas range from sports physiology and sports psychology to physical education and recreation.
View accessibility options
MEDLINE is the U.S. National Library of Medicine® (NLM) bibliographic database containing references to journal articles in life sciences with a concentration on biomedicine. MEDLINE contains comprehensive coverage of information on medicine, nursing, clinical psychology, the health care system, pre-clinical sciences, and much more. Created by the NLM there is a US bias in the resources offered.
Covers 190 engineering disciplines and applied science.
Video guide available
Scopus is an abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature: academic journals, books and conference proceedings. Scopus is a comprehensive resource covering chemistry, physics, mathematics and engineering; life and health sciences; social sciences, psychology, business and economics; arts and humanities and biological and environmental sciences. It also includes the Geobase database.
New version available.
View video guide
British Standards (BSOL)
A standard is an agreed way of doing something e.g.making a product, managing a process or delivering a service. Our subscription covers BS standards and BS EN ISO standards.
To log in please click on the Institutional login link, select Loughborough University from the list and log in with your usual University credentials. Please note BSOL documents can only be opened with a plug-in installed on your device (File Open). The File Open plug-in has been installed on University lab machines and is available via the Software Centre to those using the University's managed desktop service. To download it onto your own device the BSI have provided this guide Please be aware that the FileOpen plug-in does not support opening encrypted PDFs in-browser. In order to view the PDF, it must be opened in Adobe PDF viewer, FileOpen viewer, or similar PDF viewer applications. Please see section 3 of the guide for further information.
Mintel marketing intelligence
Market research reports on a range of sectors including health & wellbeing, food, travel and leisure industries in the UK.
Worldwide market research, industry statistics and consumer data.
The Lens allows you to search and explore the world's patent literature alongside scholarly, technical, regulatory and business information.
Video guide to patent search analysis available here and further video guides available here
Human Kinetics Library Core Collection
A content hub dedicated to the research, teaching, and understanding of kinesiology, sport, and exercise science. The collection has over 165 ebooks and 200 videos.
This resource is accessible via the left hand menu. Please note that access to the Human Kinetics Health Care in Sport and Exercise is also available separately via this menu.
Books E-books Catalogue
You can access books and e-books via the Catalogue (also known as Library Catalogue Plus) to search for and check their availability. The Catalogue also provides links to e-books and displays the shelf marks of physical books in the Library. We have detailed the shelf marks of the most popular topics below (the level is for the Library in Loughborough).
Pilkington level
Human physiology 1 612
Exercise physiology 1 612.044
Engineering 1 620
Manufacturing 1 670
Sport & physical activity 1 796
Sport psychology 2 796.01
Videos View more
Use the videos to learn more about some resources or finding information.
Frequently asked questions View more
Here are some of the most popular questions asked by students in this subject. If you have a different question, check 'View more' or ask your Academic Librarian.
How can I access an article in a database?
Some databases provide the full-text of the article in the database in either HTML or PDF format. Others just give you the basic details but you have to access the full-text via a link that might say 'SFX' or 'Full-text'.
If you are on-campus or have the VPN activated on your device when you are off-campus, you should click on the link and it will take you to the full-text if the Library subscribes to the journal.
If it doesn't do this, then search Library Catalogue Plus to see if we subscribe to the journal you need (including the correct year). If you get stuck, contact the Library (library@lboro.ac.uk).
How do I access resources off-campus?
You need to search via the VPN and multi-factor authentication (MFA) when you are off campus, this link will show you how to download this onto your device.
Working off-campus
How do I reference correctly for my school or department? (Sports Technology students)
You need to find out which referencing style your lecturer/supervisor is expecting you to use. In MEME there are two main reference styles used : IEEE and Vancouver. See the quick guides on Learn WSLS01 for more information. If you've been asked to use Harvard use 'Cite them right'.
How can I find a British Standard?
The Library subscribes to British Standards Online. This is the best place to start your search. Don't forget to use the VPN and Multi-Factor Authentication if you are accessing it from off-campus. You can also access standards from ASTM and some other specialist resources like IEEE.
How do I access an eBook?
From Library Catalogue Plus look at the options at the side of the page and click on 'eBook' in the 'Format' section to limit the results to eBooks. Click on 'Get full text' to open the eBook.
Aeronautical and automotive engineering
Civil engineering and architectural engineering
Criminology, Sociology and Social Policy
Design and ergonomics
Mechanical and manufacturing engineering
Product design engineering
Sport, exercise and health sciences
Academic Librarian
Specialist advice on finding information, literature reviews and referencing your work
Available via MS Teams
ARK Online tutorials
ARK is the Library's Academic Research Kit. It's a set of new online interactive tutorials that can help you with searching, evaluating and referencing information.
Access ARK here
LinkedIn Learning (previously Lynda.com)


Athos Collection Carpet, Handmade rug weaved in India; the woof is in cotton and the pile it is in wool mixted to synthetic fibres, fixed to the structure without glue, as it happens in the carpets weaved with technical tufted. Therefore it's also dry washable. Very proper to modern rooms and offices.


text:
Q: Compile a static library link with standard library (static) I'm trying to compile a static library (let's call it library.a). This library consumes resources of standard libraries. There is some way that the library can statically link a standard library.
I have proven something like:
g++ -c library -static-libstdc++ -o library.o
ar rcs library.o library.a

But if I do so there is no link to the standard libraries.
Then I have proved this way:
g++ library -static-stdlib -o library.o
ar rcs library.o library.a

But ask me to add a main function.
Is there any possibility of creating a static library by statically linking also standard libraries (std :: string, std :: vector, std :: cin, etc ...).
Thanks :)

A:
Is there any possibility of creating a static library by statically linking also standard libraries

No, because you cannot link anything to a static library. You can link things only into
a file that is produced by the linker. Otherwise no linking is involved in its production.
The linker can produce two kinds of files: programs and shared libraries.
Programs and shared libraries are similar: they're both composed of executable code
that the program loader can load into a process. They are not similar to a static
library. A static library is produced by the archiving program ar  and is just a
bag of object files - an archive - from which the linker can extract the ones it
needs to complete the linkage of a program or shared library.
A command like:
g++ -c library.cpp -static-libstdc++ -o library.o

just compiles library.cpp into library.o and ignores the linkage option -static-libstdc++
because -c means Just compile. Don't link
Your real problem only comes to light in one of your later comments1:

The problem is that I am doing a wrapper of a code in C++ to be able to use it in C,
  in C I can not use the standard C++ libraries. The only way is to include inside
  the library the functions that I use from the standard library.

Now since a shared library is something that the linker can produce, you can statically
link libstdc++ into a shared library. So, instead of making your C wrapper library
a static library, you could make it a shared libary.
It seems you already know how to wrap C++ code in a C API. So let's write such
a C wrapper that reverses the first N characters from an input buffer to an output buffer,
using the standard C++ library to do all the work:
reverse.h
#ifndef REVERSE_H
#define REVERSE_H

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

void reverse(char const * in, char * out, unsigned len);

#ifdef __cplusplus
} // extern "C"
#endif

reverse.cpp
#include "reverse.h"
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

extern "C" {

void reverse(char const * in, char * out, unsigned len)
{
    std::string s{in,len};
    std::reverse(s.begin(),s.end());
    std::copy(s.begin(),s.end(),out);
}

} // extern "C"

Then a C program that calls reverse:
main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <reverse.h>

int main()
{
    char in[] = "dlrow olleH";
    reverse(in,in,sizeof(in) - 1);
    puts(in);
    return 0;
}

Now we'll build our shared wrapper library.
Compile our one library source file:
$ g++ -fPIC -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -c reverse.cpp

Notice -fPIC. All object files that we're going to link in a shared library
must be Position Independent Code. And as we're compiling one source file -
-c reverse.cpp - we can skip the -o option and accept the default, -o reverse.o
Then link our shared library:
$ g++ -shared -o libreverse.so reverse.o -static-libstdc++

Now the shared library is ./libreverse.so and it has no runtime dependency
on libstdc++:
$ ldd libreverse.so
    linux-vdso.so.1 =>  (0x00007ffca98c9000)
    libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fa178862000)
    libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fa178498000)
    /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x000055d17658c000)

Next compile our C program source file:
$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -I. -c main.c

And finally link the program with libreverse:
$ gcc -o prog main.o -L. -lreverse

This program ./prog has a runtime dependency on the shared library libreverse.so.
You can't statically link with libreverse.so because it's not a static library.
But libreverse.so has been statically linked with libstdc++.a, and has
a C API.
If libreverse.so was a serious library what we'd do now is is install it
one of the runtime loader's standard
search directories, so that programs could load it automatically at runtime. We
could do that like:
$ sudo cp libreverse.so /usr/local/lib/
$ sudo ldconfig

But since libreverse.so is just a toy library we won't modify our system for
it.  Instead we'll just run ./prog like:
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=. # For now, tell the loader to look for libraries here
$ ./prog
Hello world

So you can make a wrapper library with a C API and C++ internals, with libstdc++
statically linked, by making the wrapper library a shared library.
But why bother?
It seems that you want to bother because you believe that "in C I can not use the standard C++ libraries".
That is a misconception. Here's how you can build the same program with a static
wrapper library
First make your static wrapper library
$ rm libreverse.so  # Better delete the old shared one just to avoid confusion.
$ g++ -Wall -Wextra -std=c++11 -c reverse.cpp
$ ar rcs libreverse.a reverse.o

Then compile your C source:
$ gcc -Wall -Wextra -I. -c main.c

At this point, you have an object file main.o, a static library libreverse.a
that contains (only) reverse.o, and to make prog you simply need to link main.o
and libreverse.a(reverse.o) together with the standard C library and the standard C++
library. There is no question of C not allowing you to do this. You finished
with C when you compiled main.c. These object files and libraries will be
linked by your system linker, which will not know or care what language any of
them were compiled from.
So you could invoke the linker via g++, like:
$ g++ -o prog main.o -L. -lreverse

and once more you have a program that does this:
$ ./prog
Hello world

Or you could invoke the linker via gcc, like:
$ gcc -o prog main.o -L. -lreverse -lstdc++

which is just the same linkage, with just the same result:
$ ./prog
Hello world

As you see, the one difference between linking via g++ rather than gcc is that
g++ automatically adds both the standard C library and the standard C++ library
to the linker's inputs, and gcc doesn't add the C++ library, so you have to
do it yourself.
For that matter, if you happened to have GNU Fortran installed on your computer
you could do the same linkage with it:
$ $ gfortran -o prog main.o -L. -lreverse -lstdc++
$ ./prog
Hello world

although nothing in prog was written in Fortran.
C doesn't stop you from linking libstdc++ with anything. A possible,
but unlikely, rational motive you might have for wishing to statically
link libstdc++ into a library with a C API is that you want somebody else to
be able to link programs with this library on a system that doesn't have libstdc++ or doesn't
have one that is ABI compatible with yours. If that is your motivation, then
make your library a shared one as shown above. Otherwise, just link libstdc++
with any program that depends on it.

[1] On Stackoverflow, always state your real problem in your question.
See The XY Problem