text:
\section{Introduction}

The exclusive production of simple final states
in ultraperipheral collisions (UPC) of heavy ions
is a special class of nuclear reactions \cite{reviews}.
At ultrarelativistic energies
we can define two categories of the underlying reaction mechanisms.
First one is the photon-photon fusion \cite{rho0_gamma_fusion}
and another one is double photoproduction of vector mesons \cite{DS_2014}.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centerline{%
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{VDM_Glauber_photoproduction}}
\caption{Single vector meson production by photon-Pomeron (or Pomeron-photon)
fusion.}
\label{Fig:gIP_rho0}
\end{figure}

In Fig. \ref{Fig:gIP_rho0} we show generic diagram of single nuclear
$\rho^0$ production (and its decay into $\pi^+\pi^-$ state)
via $\gamma$-Pomeron or Pomeron-$\gamma$ exchange mechanism
in UPC of heavy ion.
Photon emitted from a nucleus fluctuates into hadronic or quark-antiquark
components which rescatters in the second nucleus and converts into
a simple final state.

We study, for the first time, differential distributions
for exclusive production of two $\rho^0(770)$ mesons
(Fig. \ref{Fig:gIP_rho0rho0})
and its decay into four charged pions
in double scattering (DS) processes.
The results will be compared with the contribution
of two-photon mechanism (Fig. \ref{Fig:gg_rho0rho0}).
The analysis include a smearing of $\rho^0$ mass ($\Gamma \sim$ 0.15 GeV)
using a parametrization of the ALICE Collaboration \cite{rho_smearing}.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centerline{%
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{photoproduction_double_gg}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{photoproduction_double_IPg}}
\end{figure}
\vspace{-1.cm}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centerline{%
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{photoproduction_double_gIP}
\includegraphics[scale=0.25]{photoproduction_double_IPIP}}
\caption{Double vector meson production by photon-Pomeron (or Pomeron-photon)
fusion.}
\label{Fig:gIP_rho0rho0}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centerline{%
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{AA_AArho0rho0_blob}}
\caption{Double $\rho^0$ production in $\gamma\gamma$ fusion.}
\label{Fig:gg_rho0rho0}
\end{figure}

\section{Formalism}

In our approach the cross section for single-vector-meson production
(Fig. \ref{Fig:gIP_rho0})
depends on the impact parameter $b$
(distance between two colliding nuclei)
and on the $\rho^0$ meson rapidity $y$
\begin{equation}
\frac{\mathrm{d} \sigma_{AA \to AA \rho^0}}{\mathrm{d}^2b \mathrm{d}y}
= \frac{\mathrm{d} P_{\gamma {\bf I\!P}} (b,y)}{\mathrm{d}y}
+ \frac{\mathrm{d} P_{{\bf I\!P} \gamma} (b,y)}{\mathrm{d}y} \;,
\label{eq:sigma_single}
\end{equation}
where $P_{\gamma {\bf I\!P} / {\bf I\!P} \gamma} (b,y)$ expresses the probability density
for producing a vector meson at rapidity $y$ for fixed impact parameter $b$
of the heavy ion collision. Each probability is the convolution
of a flux of equivalent photon and the $\gamma A \to \rho^0 A$ cross
section:
\begin{equation}
P_{\gamma {\bf I\!P} / \gamma {\bf I\!P}} (b,y) =
\omega_{1/2} \, N(\omega_{1/2},b) \, \sigma_{\gamma A_{2/1} \to \rho^0 A_{2/1}} \;.
\end{equation}
Photon flux $N(\omega_{1/2},b)$ depends on the energy of photon
and on impact parameter $b$ (heavy ion -- heavy ion distance).
Generally photon flux is expressed through nuclear form factor $F(q)$
which is related to charge distribution in the nucleus.
Details of different types of form factors and their application
into nuclear calculation one can be found
in Refs. \cite{rho0_gamma_fusion,muons,Jpsi,MKG_thesis}.
To calculate the $\sigma_{\gamma A_{2/1} \to \rho^0 A_{2/1}}$
cross section we use a sequence of equations which are presented
in \cite{KN1999}. Constants for the underlying $\sigma_{\gamma p \to \rho^0 p}$ cross section are obtained from a fit to HERA data \cite{HERA}.
The $\sigma_{\rho^0 A}$ total cross section
are calculated using classical mechanics formula
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{\rho^0 A} = \int \mathrm{d}^2 \textbf{r}
\left( 1-\exp \left( -\sigma_{\rho^0 p} \, T_A\left( \textbf{r} \right) \right) \right)
\label{eq:CM}
\end{equation}
or quantum mechanical Glauber formula
\begin{equation}
\sigma_{\rho^0 A} = 2 \int \mathrm{d}^2 \textbf{r}
\left( 1-\exp \left( - \frac{1}{2} \sigma_{\rho^0 p} \, T_A\left( \textbf{r} \right) \right) \right) \;,
\label{eq:QM}
\end{equation}
where $T_A\left( \textbf{r} \right)$ is nuclear thickness function
and $r$ is distance between photon emitted from first/second nucleus
and middle of second/first one.

Having a formalism for the calculation of single-vector-meson
production, one can use this formula to calculate cross section
for double-scattering mechanisms of two-vector-meson production
in ultrarelativistic, ultraperipheral collisions of heavy ions.
The cross section for the double $\rho^0$ photoproduction
is expressed with the help of probability density
of single $\rho^0$ meson production
\begin{equation}
\frac{\mathrm{d} \sigma_{AA \to AA \rho^0 \rho^0}}{ \mathrm{d}y_1 \mathrm{d}y_2}
= \frac{1}{2}  \int\mathrm{d}^2b  \left[
\left( \frac{\mathrm{d} P_{\gamma {\bf I\!P}} (b,y_1)}{\mathrm{d}y_1}
+ \frac{\mathrm{d} P_{{\bf I\!P} \gamma} (b,y_1)}{\mathrm{d}y_1} \right)
\times
\left( \frac{\mathrm{d} P_{\gamma {\bf I\!P}} (b,y_2)}{\mathrm{d}y_2}
+ \frac{\mathrm{d} P_{{\bf I\!P} \gamma} (b,y_2)}{\mathrm{d}y_2} \right) \right]  \;.
\label{eq:sigma_double}
\end{equation}
Here we take into account four combinations of $\gamma {\bf I\!P}$ exchanges:
$\gamma {\bf I\!P}-\gamma {\bf I\!P}$, $\gamma {\bf I\!P} - {\bf I\!P} \gamma$,
${\bf I\!P} \gamma - {\bf I\!P} \gamma$ and ${\bf I\!P} \gamma - \gamma {\bf I\!P}$
(see Fig. \ref{Fig:gIP_rho0rho0}).

We are a first group which can calculate not only total cross section
for double-vector-meson production but also some differential distributions,
e.g. two-dimensional distributions in rapidities of both vector mesons
or in $\rho^0\rho^0$ invariant mass.
Knowing that the produced $\rho^0$ mesons decay, with almost $100\%$
probability, into charged pions, and including a smearing of
the $\rho^0$ masses in our calculation,
we can compare our predictions with experimental data
for $AA \to AA \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ processes.

\section{Results}

Fig. \ref{Fig:dsig_dy_single} shows a comparison of cross section
for coherent $\rho^0$ production measured by the STAR \cite{STAR}
(left panel) and ALICE \cite{rho_smearing} (right panel) Collaborations
for different theoretical models (\cite{KN1999,GM, FSZ}).
One can observe that calculations for classical mechanics
rescattering (Eq. \ref{eq:CM}) better (than in quantum approach
(Eq. \ref{eq:QM}))
describe both STAR and ALICE experimental data although we see no
deep theoretical reasons for this fact.
Our results (blue lines) relatively well describe the STAR and
ALICE experimental data for the single vector meson photoproduction
in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions (UPC).
This fact is very important for calculation of the cross section
for double-scattering mechanism.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centerline{
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{dsig_dy_STAR_class_quant.eps}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{dsig_dy_ALICE_class_quant.eps}
}
\caption{Distribution in $\rho^0$ meson rapidity for single-$\rho^0$ production
for gold-gold collisions at RHIC energy (left panel) and
for lead-lead collisions at LHC energy (right panel).}
\label{Fig:dsig_dy_single}
\end{figure}

Fig. \ref{Fig:dsig_dy_double} shows differential cross section as
a function of one $\rho^0$ meson and a comparison of the
results of the double-scattering and the $\gamma\gamma$ fusion mechanisms
at RHIC (left panel) and at LHC (right panel) energy.
The cross section for exclusive $\rho^0\rho^0$ production in
the $\gamma\gamma$ fusion approach is closely explained
in Ref. \cite{rho0_gamma_fusion}.
There the elementary cross section ($\gamma \gamma \to \rho^0\rho^0$)
is divided into two parts: low-energy component
($W_{\gamma\gamma}=(1-2)$ GeV) of not completely understood origin
and the VDM-Regge parametrization ($W_{\gamma\gamma}>2$ GeV)
\cite{rho0_gamma_fusion}.
In Fig. \ref{Fig:dsig_dy_double} one can observe a clear dominance of
the DS component over the $\gamma\gamma$ component.
The distribution for the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.5$ TeV
is much broader than that for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV.
At the LHC energy the higher values of two-meson invariant mass
becomes more important what corresponds to larger values of particle
rapidity. Therefore the high-energy component of the elementary cross section
dominates at the LHC energy. Somewhat surprising at this energy is
the fact that the VDM-Regge component is about three orders of
magnitude larger than the low-energy component which is opposite to
the case of the RHIC energy.
Both at the RHIC and LHC energy, the contributions coming from
the double-scattering mechanism is one order of magnitude
larger than that from the $\gamma\gamma$ fusion.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centerline{
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{dsig_dy_rho_RHIC.eps}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{dsig_dy_rho_LHC.eps}
}
\caption{Rapidity distribution of one of the $\rho^0$ meson produced
in the double-scattering mechanism and in the $\gamma\gamma$ fusion at
the RHIC (left panel) and at the LHC (right panel) energy.}
\label{Fig:dsig_dy_double}
\end{figure}

The left panel of Fig. \ref{Fig:dsig_dM4pi} shows four-pion invariant mass
distribution for double-scattering, low-energy bump and high-energy VDM-Regge
$\gamma\gamma$ fusion mechanism for the limited acceptance of
the STAR experiment ($|\eta_\pi| < 1$) \cite{STAR_4pi}.
The double-scattering contribution accounts only for $20\%$ of
the cross section measured by the STAR Collaboration.
The dash-dotted line represents a fit of the STAR Collaboration.
Probably the production of the $\rho^0(1450)$ and $\rho^0(1700)$ resonances
and their subsequent decay into the four-pion final state is
the dominant effect for the limited STAR acceptance.
Both, the production mechanism of $\rho^0(1450)$ and
$\rho^0(1700)$ and their decay into four charged pions are not yet understood.
A model for production of the resonances and their decay has to be study
in the future.
The right panel of Fig. \ref{Fig:dsig_dM4pi} shows four-pion invariant mass
distribution for double-scattering mechanism for the limited range of
pion pseudorapidity at the LHC energy. The ALICE group collected
the data for four-charged-pion production with the limitation
$|\eta_\pi|<1.2$, but we cannot compare our results with the ALICE data,
because those data are not absolutely normalized.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\centerline{
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{M4pi_Fig5_scale_right_final.eps}
\includegraphics[scale=0.35]{dsig_dM4pi_ALICE.eps}
}
\caption{Four-pion invariant mass distribution for the limited acceptance
of the STAR experiment (left panel) and for the limited range of
pion pseudorapidity at the LHC energy (right panel).}
\label{Fig:dsig_dM4pi}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions}

We have studied two-$\rho^0$ as well as four-pion production
in exclusive ultrarelativistic heavy ion UPC,
concentrating on the double-scattering mechanism of
single-$\rho^0$ production.
The produced two $\rho^0$ mesons give large contribution
to exclusive production of the $\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-$ final state.
We have compared contribution of four-pion production via
$\rho^0\rho^0$ production (double scattering and $\gamma\gamma$ fusion)
with experimental STAR data.
The theoretical predictions have similar shape
as the distribution measured by the STAR Collaboration, but exhaust only
about $20\%$ of the measured cross section.
The missing contribution can come from excited states of $\rho^0(770)$
and their decay into four charged pions.
We have discussed also a possibility of identifying
the double scattering mechanism at the LHC.

In our calculation we have applied the smearing of $\rho^0$ meson
masses by using the ALICE parametrization
\cite{rho_smearing} which is the most appropriate for the LHC data
(comparison of results for ZEUS, STAR and ALICE parameters
for relativistic Breit-Wigner and continuum amplitudes can be
found in \cite{MKG_thesis}).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Career Point Tasks
Junior Review
A Fresh Start - Justin Lose Junior Stud
By youloser1337,
October 4, 2020 in Junior Review
youloser1337 589
youloser1337
VHLM GM
Discord: youloser1337#4968
Player: Justin Lose
Growing up Justin Lose was always bullied. He never fit in with the crowd at school even though he was in the juniors. The only people who respected him was his teammates. He ignored everyone and was laser focused when he got on the ice. Although he never got superstar minutes, he did produce. Lose was the alternate captain of the team after the 2nd season with his junior squad. USA was not the best place for Lose to grow in hockey, so his parents decided to bring him up north of the border and play in one of the Canadian junior leagues. His coaches in peewee in the US said he would never turn into anything and always had him on the bottom pairing. He kept getting switched from RW to LW to C and back because he didn't trust Lose. It took a while to adjust to the faster pace game in Canada, but in his rookie season he put up respectable numbers [20-20-40 - 60GP] and silencing the haters. His sophomore year was even better and he was gelling with his teammates [40-50-90 - 75GP]. He was a diamond in the rough.
In the playoffs Lose was a beast. Putting up 5-10-15 points in 12 games en-route to being swept in the finals in his rookie season. His sophomore year was a championship year when he finally won the cup 4-3 with 10-20-30 points in 23 games! In game seven he was the hero to finally bring home the cup when he scored the 3OT winner.
Lose was ready for the next step. He wanted to go into the VHL. To get there though, he would have to grind and work as hard as he could. Of course that's what every young kid says when they go for the big leagues.
Lose is different. His determination and drive will carry him to the VHL and become a household name. First up in his road to the VHL, VHLM.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Hi everyone, this is my first post.. But have been reading HEAPS of new (and old) threads on here.
Ages ago there was a thread about covering our human scent to mask our presence (interesting read) and one very experienced guy (jo blose maybe?) wrote a massive response about how you could never fully mask our scent from such an intelligent creature..
Then he said kind of as an afterthought that our cameras, mobiles, gps etc would be emitting high frequency noise that we just can't hear.. And I had a lightbulb moment!
What if all the Infared cameras (or specifically the beams shooting out of them) are producing some sound out of our range of hearing that they can detect? Obviously because they have been known to be able to avoid the specific area the camera points at it leads me to think the Infared beam may also be a directed sound wave..?
Are ya still with me, does this make sense?
Can any techno wizards out there think of a way to minimise/mask this?
In regards to trying to minimize or mask this, I am not sure there is much that can be done, they just seem to know their surrounds all to conveniently IMO.
I dont think its a scent thing, more a sense thing.
Dion wrote: ...they all fail miserably.
Well that's a matter of opinion - eg. I don't think you could say Rusty is failing miserably.
I admire Rusty greatly he does an excellent job at it, better than anyone I have seen, and without putting words in his mouth, I am sure Rusty will freely admit he doesn't have the evidence that he would like.
Agreed, but that's a long way from failing miserably.
JungleJazz wrote: What if all the Infared cameras (or specifically the beams shooting out of them) are producing some sound out of our range of hearing that they can detect? Can any techno wizards out there think of a way to minimise/mask this?
Dion wrote: Your right there is a tendency for these beings to pick up on electrical equipment, In regards to trying to minimize or mask this, I am not sure there is much that can be done, they just seem to know their surrounds all to conveniently IMO.
Dion is correct, they have a tendency to pick up on electrical equipment, however it doesn't even have to be on or have batteries in it for Yowies or any other creature to spot it. I worked on a deer farm and the deer spot the trail cameras first with sight, then scent and then they hit the road or take off quick smart, batteries or no batteries.
I believe that if deer can spot our equipment easily, the Yowie would be way ahead of them, I believe that the Yowie is a perfectly trained observer of his own environment and he can spot anything that is out of place or foreign, just like if someone put a strange object inside your home or on your property.
So Dion is right again, in that there is no point trying to mask or hide anything as the Yowie knows his surrounds way too well. Having said that, personally I avoid using IR light unless I have no other option, so if the Yowie can actually see it I don't scare him off while I'm trying to film or photograph him.
"But I'll tell you what hermits realize. If you go off into a far, far forest and get very quiet, you'll come to understand that you're connected with everything"
IR illuminators and torches do emit some visible light and IMO a yowies eyes may have developed over time more rods to cones to assist them to see better in the dark. I believe that they may be able to see the visible part and not the "invisible" part above 850nm and in the 900nm range.
Now, if you take your TV remote (unless it is Bluetooth) they use infrared to send the signal. However, if you where to look into the end of the remote you can't see any light. This is done using an IR pass filter. IR pass filters are designed to block any visible light and allow the targeted range i.e. 850nm and up to "pass" through filter making it invisible to the human eye at least.
I am currently waiting for a couple of these filters. One for my night vision monocular and one for my IR torch. So I'm very interested to see the results in the field.
One for my night vision monocular and one for my IR torch. So I'm very interested to see the results in the field.
2. Noticeable reduction in view quality from monocular, possibly from reduced scene illumination and/or attenuation of incoming energy within its detection range. Would need to see the specs to comment further.
Specs for the filters are in the photo's.
My NV is a Yukon Spartan NVMT 1x24 (gen 1 intensifier tube) it's IR illuminator wavelength is 805nm so I'm expecting some considerable loss here.
My torch's wavelength is 940nm and is zoomable so I think it should be ok.
This gear is mostly aimed at improving my ability to see at night along with my FLIR monocular (only good to about 200m) none of them record however my action cam does have an IR lens for it and can pick up the IR light for intersting things at night.
My thoughts along this line are to increase "covertness" whilst in the field at night. I'm not trying to film at distance at night and I'm curious as I have not read anywhere else at this stage, if the filters work in relation to the IR light aversion.
It is an interesting topic for sure.
I'm thinking that IR aversion seems circumstantial and they would exhibit the same aversion to any white flash camera or 'new' man made object placed in their territory.
It is circumstantial because they exhibit nocturnal behaviour so we turn immediately to the best solution for night viewing and in comes the IR illumination.
I admire your tenacity. I also have an old Gen 1 Russian imager but I hate the poor resolution and don't use it when I go out - I just found it annoying.
Personally I think they hear me and smell me before I even get close to hitting them with the torch.
If you can ever afford a Gen 3+ or higher binocular viewer (maybe UK made with no ITAR restrictions) then it might be well worth it.
I agree with you completely argree in regards to hearing and smelling first but it would be interesting to see if it works, one can only speculate and hope to get that close to test the filters.
I reckon I would be in big trouble with the boss if I was to get a gen3 monocular, the resolution one the one I've got seems reasonable but it would definately give you a headache if you were to wear it with a head mount the distortion on the edges of the image would mess with you.
I'll see if I can get some comparison images once I have the filters.
I work on the presumption that those who don't succeed at one thing try another. Though it seems with the BF community in general they continue to bash their heads against brick walls. That is certainly anyone who is posting videos constantly on youtube of nothing trying to see something when nothing is there.
If putting trail cams on "game trails" doesn't work after what has been many years then why continue to do it?
It would seem to me that they do not follow "game trails". Why would they?
Sure sometimes they would need to be on one or walk down a road but it would seem to me that if this big guy is as switched on as everyone thinks he is and is as powerful as witnesses would suggest, then he/she/it can go wherever it wants to at any time.
To be an ambush predator, if that is what he is, then you don't ambush on a game trail. You stay off it and view what walks down it.
Now I don't pretend to know what exactly all the researches are doing, but the majority of game cams seem to be set on trails/pads.
If I were to set up cameras, which I may do one day, I would set them in places that aren't on trails but take in a view of an area where whatever is moving off trail needs to pass by.
I would think that getting a rock from the area you want to set the trap, hollowing it out with a grinder or similar, and placing the camera inside may be a decent option.
Or placing the camera high, in a tree pointing downwards. If it is in an animals eyeline then it will be seen. Take it away from the eyeline.
Take a chisel and hollow out an old tree and put the camera in there. Filter the lense, insulate as best as you can to remove the bulk of the electrical signals and hide in in the most natural of ways.
Whilst I do think that these fellows are bright and tuned to their environment, they can be caught out. It's just that many are going about it the wrong way and not thinking outside of the square.
If you think they know what you are up to then you need to change your plans. We are very predictable creatures humans. We are scared of the dark because we can't see anything, we like to walk on trails because it is easier, we are painfully slow and we are noisy.
We are easy to avoid. Especially in places that we humans frequent as we do the same things each time.
The IR pass filters did reduce the amount of visible light to the naked eye but as as you predicted the reduction of illumination was very noticeable I would say around a 60-70% reduction in the illumination.
It didn't affect the view quality of the monucular (I wasn't using any extra filters on the monocular lens just on the illuminators) just the viewing distance as there wasn't the extra light.
I've since decided to just stick to my FLIR monocular and I have recently found out a hack on how to set it up to record which is handy.
It is all a bit of trial and error when you are dealing with the low end stuff.
I've come to the conclusion that I won't be wasting money, even on a FLIR package.
Having seen what is possible with the latest tech, I can't bring myself to part with the $'s for something I know I won't be happy with.
If only I had the cash to buy a decent system. The pitfalls of being an unfunded amateur I guess.
I think the best lowest cost option for recordable night vision is the FLIR Ocean Scout TK at around $750 give or take depending on what deal you can find! You get up to 115m range and you can take stills and record video with a reasonable resolution.
Has anyone ever tried to make a DIY passive Night vision trail camera ?
Do away with the PIR sensors, and use ground or shock sensors perhaps..
The P8079HP Cascade intensifier tube is popular with DIY circles for a very good reason, they cost £202.00 ( http://www.starlightnv.co.uk/diy_night_scopes.html ) and can be comparable to Gen 3 NV available to the US public..
If Yowies cant sense passive night vision, one would think you could spot one easily 20 metres away..
Their only down side is their size and weight, the box also requiring enough room to fit a camera, power source and accessories. The bonus about building the box is being able to insulate it like a faraday cage, only having the protruding camera lens and wiring for sensors.
If anyone out there has the know how to wire something like this up, I reckon I'd be willing to try build it.
The only way we're gonna get a shot at out smarting them is thinking outside the square.. Hell, even use a child sized mannequin to bait them..
This is a thought-provoking post, and I agree with your points. I have zero field experience, but the idea of putting cameras higher up in trees sounds like a good idea, albeit an extremely difficult one to achieve. It's not like you can take a ladder with you into the bush - you'd need to be fit and you'd need some kind of tree-climbing equipment with you to avoid the risk of injury (like the stuff people use to prune massive trees and so on, where they put a strap around the trunk and attach themselves to the strap with ropes like a mountaineer). Not to mention how you'd secure the camera to the tree, which would be tricky to say the least. You'd probably need to screw it into the wood to make sure it wasn't going anywhere if the weather got rough.
It also occurs to me that a camera placed this way would be most likely to get some decent video if it were placed on a tree overlooking water. Many sightings have happened near water holes and the like, so placing cameras nearby might increase the chance of catching one of them unawares. If they're thirsty and perhaps focused on getting a drink and watching their immediate surroundings, they might not notice a camera far above them in a tree - or not see it as a threat if they did notice it, anyway.
Your ideas remind me of the stuff nature photographers have done (placing cameras inside rocks, etc) in order to get video of animals behaving as naturally as possible. It's a well thought out idea.
+1 on Yowies IR detection but as per Mike Patersons experience, Hominids can manipulate cameras and chips.
Mike has had images imposed onto the storage of his camera so if they can put images onto a chip they can take them off.
the rear of the camera and deletes the video clip that was just recorded onto the chip then enjoys his tucker.


A US Squash pilot program in support of officiating for college started recently. Offered to all top 10 ranked men's and women's teams, the pilot gives teams the option to have dual matches officiated by impartial, US Squash certified officials.
The initiative launched during two recent St. Lawrence University men's home matches—against Yale University on January 20 and Harvard University on January 29. The presence of the officials appeared to have the desired effect of allowing players and coaches to focus on their team's performance and less on the calls.
The pilot program utilizes certified referees to officiate matches, and work with the coaches to maintain standards of sportsmanship and conduct for both players and fans. It also ensures the matches use Club Locker's Live Scoring capabilities so fans around the world are able to track the results live. US Squash will apply learnings from the pilot program to improve it for next season, extend it more broadly to more teams, and to recruit more officials. It is anticipated the program will expand the number of US Squash certified referees in each region.
The next implementation will take place at the St. Lawrence – Trinity College at 12:00pm on Sunday, February 12. Fans will be able to follow the scores live on www.clublocker.com.


Question: While forming a group we have to pay a lot of attention to external things, as if we're taking care of a baby. How can we keep from losing the inner essence during this process?
Answer: Every group encounters this problem and every member of the group asks this question.
We live in a world of material actions. How many hours a day do I spend on satisfying my natural needs, such as sleeping, eating, and washing? How many hours a day do I have to work, carry out responsibilities around the house, and so on? And how much time do I have left for myself and my spiritual advancement? I have maybe one or two hours a day left if I manage to separate from everything else in some way.
That is how our life is arranged. Who arranged it this way? Could it really be the Creator? Why does He make us drown in this material, animate existence? Why didn't he make us like angels, unburdened by worries about our bodies, home, and children, so the only thing we had to do is build connections with each other?
Yet, in reality everything is very different. Any work we do, even work unrelated to the group, is pure spiritual work. We just don't know about it or understand it. By carrying out the responsibilities of an employee, a family man, a citizen, and so on, I correct myself. I may not see exactly how I do it, but it is nevertheless so.
I am allowed to devote just a small part of my life to spiritual correction. As I perform this correction, if instead of studying, I work on organizing the life of the group, I thereby support and strengthen the connection in our common system.
Obviously we also can't forget about having a fair distribution of the burden among all of us. And more generally speaking, this is a vast topic that we will definitely come back to.
Do you recommend that your students take time to vote in corporeal elections? Did Rabash do this?


Mr. & Mrs. Vittles have a proverbial bun in the oven!
I'm about to be 23 weeks, and we just found out this past week that it's a baby GIRL!
She was a little shy at my 20-week ultrasound, so we had to go back two weeks later.
But we are super excited to be having a baby, and are so lucky that everything has been normal and right on track thus far.
Aside from some tiredness (and insane hunger) in my first trimester, I've honestly felt really good this whole time.
And even though I'd of course be thrilled either way, as my pregnancy has gone on I found myself hoping it was a girl.
Mr. Vittles' nickname for me is "Smalls" (like, "You're killin' me, Smalls!" from The Sandlot?) So early on, he nicknamed our munchkin Mini Smalls.
On a more serious note though, I know what kind of special bond I had with my own mom (who passed away almost 3 years ago) and I feel so blessed that I'll have my own daughter to share that with.
My due date is November 14 - which just happens to be two days before her birthday. Somehow I feel like she has been with me every step of the way!
Like me, my grandmother was also an only child, and I know she had a very special connection to her mother (who passed away just a few weeks after my mom was born, in 1954).
I told you last year how I was so honored when Grammy gave me her mother's recipe box, and I found some really neat recipes- like the Easy Chocolate Pudding.
And as I mentioned in that post, I also discovered that my great-grandmother loved the flavor orange... a very high proportion of the total recipes involved oranges in some way!
But the one that intrigued me most was for Orange Sherbert.
I've made a lot of ice cream, but never sherbert! However, I thought this recipe perhaps needed a little more... er, instructions.
And since I love grapefruit, I also decided to do a mixture of juices.
What can I say? I guess I just can't leave well-enough alone!
In medium saucepan, bring sugar and water to a boil over medium-high heat. Stir to dissolve sugar, then continue to boil 7-8 minutes longer until mixture thickens.
Cool to room temperature, and pour into a large coverable container or bowl. Add cream, milk, and vanilla, and stir to combine. Cover and chill at least 30 minutes in refrigerator, then transfer to bowl of an ice cream maker.
Freeze according to manufacturer's instructions.* If using vodka, add it a few minutes before the mixture is done churning. Serve from container for soft consistency, or transfer sherbert to a coverable, freezer safe container and freeze. Makes a little less than a quart.
*Note: There is also a method if you don't have an ice cream maker (or you're like me and forgot to freeze the canister) – complete all steps prior to freezing mixture in ice-cream maker. Instead pour into an 8" square glass pan and freeze about 25 minutes. Remove from freezer and stir well, scraping up the ice that's forming and incorporating it into the still-liquid parts. Continue stirring every 20-30 minutes for the next couple of hours. Then transfer to coverable, freezer-safe container and freeze until ready to serve.
What super news! Congratulations! Oh, and nice sherbet recipe!
Congratulations! What an exciting time in your life!
great recipe and congratulations Maggie.
What a lovely post!!! First of all, congratulations!!! I'm so excited you are having a girl. Well, I would have been excited if you were having a boy too, but as I have one of each, I'm excited for each one in a different way. In any case, enjoy!
Your post really touched my heart with your memories of your mom, and yes... the relationship you have with your daughter will be just as special. I never knew I could love someone so much!
And now for the Serbert... wow!!! Grammy knows her stuff. What a lucky girl you are to have those recipes. This is one that I know both of my kids will love. Congratulations once again!
What a wonderful picture! I love it. So sweet.
Oh that is amazing news - and amazing timing on Mini Smalls too. What a beautiful little blessing she's going to be. Congratulations to both of you!
I'm loving this citrus sherbert! I only wish I had an ice cream maker :( If I ever get one though, I will definitely be coming back to this recipe!
Congratulations to your new family! It is wonderful to hear that you are doing so well. Take good care. I absolutely love your Grandmother's recipe. It looks so similar to ones I have found of my Grandmothers' recipes.
Can't wait to try the Citrus Sherbet. Sherbet was always my favourite as a child. I remember my Mom making it in an aluminum ice cube tray. It was delicious!
What an amazing picture to discover! I love looking back at things like this, I feel that knowing about someones likes and dislikes in food somehow makes me feel closer to them. What a great post!


Only five more sleeps to go! And if you think I'm overexcited now simply counting down to the first week of December, you should see me Christmas Eve (where it's now tradition to call my sister at 7.30am to screech down the phone at her 'It's Christmas Eeeeeeeeeve' in the style of Eloise. Why? Because it amuses me and annoys her. And I need some kind of vent or it's entirely possible I'll implode).
Five more sleeps and then it's Carols time! Which means we're still rehearsing away. Which for some people is not that much fun because they are already overloaded on Christmas and it's still November (you might be able to guess that I'm not in that group). As a compromise the last half an hour is dedicated to rehearsing non-Christmas material which (surprisingly) devastates some (yes, I'm in that group. That very quiet group. Just in case mob rule suddenly applies).
Yet it's the same in the lead up to any concert. You've been rehearsing and rehearsing and rehearsing. You get to the point where you think not this again. It's like when you're walking in the same places everyday or driving the same roads. Every day. You don't really notice much and just focus on where you're going. And then something that's always been there will suddenly catch your eye. And you'll see the beauty in everything that's around you. You'll wonder how you could have forgotten, how you got used to it. You might even stop for a minute and take it all in (unless of course you're driving in which case you'll immediately redirect your attention back to the road because you are in charge of a ton of speeding metal).
It's the same with music. Sometimes you're so focused on getting your part right, that while you're aware of others parts around you, you're not really listening. You're not hearing the beauty when all the different parts play together. And it's a magical thing. So sometimes you need to remind yourself to stop and take it all in.
There's your challenge. To notice something there, that was always there before.


'R. Ammi said: If one sacrificed burnt incense and made libations [to an idol] in one state of unawareness, Only one penalty is incurred.' Abaye said: What is R. Ammi's reason?1 — Scripture saith, [Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them] nor serve them …2 thereby the Writ declares that all idolatrous deeds constitute one act of service. But did Abaye say thus? Did he not say: 'Why is prostration forbidden three times?3 Once to prohibit it when it is the normal mode of service, the second even if abnormal; and the third teaches separation'? — He explains R. Ammi's ruling, but disagrees with it himself.
To revert to the main text: Abaye said: Why is prostration forbidden three times? Once to prohibit it when it is the normal mode of service, the second even if abnormal, and the third teaches separation' — But is not the normal mode of worship derived from [Take heed … that thou enquire not after their gods saying,] How did these nations serve their gods? [Even so will I do likewise]?4 — But [amend thus:] one teaches that prostration is forbidden when it is the appropriate but unusual mode of worshipping that deity;5 the second forbids it even if it is not the normal mode of service;6 and the third teaches separation.
[WHETHER HE] ACCEPTS IT AS A GOD OR SAYS TO IT, THOU ART MY GOD.
Why does he not agree that prostration is singled out to teach 'separation'?
V. p. 420. n. 4.
If the deity is worshipped by an act of honour, but not prostration. Since the latter too is an act of honour, it is an appropriate mode of service, yet not the usual mode.
And also an inappropriate form, e.g prostration before Baal Peor. Not only is it unusual, but inappropriate too, since the normal mode of worship is by an act of contempt.
Even if little action is involved, as in, e.g., prostration, a sacrifice must be brought. The same will apply to a formal declaration of belief, in which the action is very slight. This excludes a mere mental affirmation.
I.e., since blasphemy consists only of speech, and yet R. Akiba rules that a sacrifice is due, it is obvious that for such a declaration, though also consisting only of speech, a sacrifice is likewise due.
The verb [H] lit., 'they have brought thee up', is in the plural, the sign of which is a waw (u). By using the plural, they shewed that they did not recognise the molten calf as the sole god, but admitted the divinity of the Almighty too. This circumstance in their favour saved them from complete annihilation.
Ex. XXII, 19. [To associate another deity with God is, according to R. Simeon, a graver offence than the total denial of God's existence.] Hence in his view, had they acknowledged other gods in addition to the Lord, they would the sooner have merited extermination.
Without associating them with God.
The negative precept for embracing etc. is: Turn ye not unto idols (Lev. XIX, 4); for vowing and swearing by its name: and make no mention of the name of other gods (Ex. XXIII, 13).
I.e., a negative precept which does not explicitly forbid a particular action, but a class, as is the case of Turn ye not unto idols.
After it has been ritually slaughtered, but before it is actually dead.
Lev. XIX, 26, 'blood' being understood as a synonym of life.
I.e., before the sprinkling of the blood.
The first meal taken by mourners after the funeral is called the se'udath habra'ah, the meal of comfort, lit., 'the meal of refreshment or restoration'(from habra'ah, recovery to health). It is prepared by neighbours, and usually consists of bread with eggs or lentils, these being a symbol of death. B.B. 16a.
V. infra 70a; since a rebellious son is executed for gluttony, as stated there, the verse is translated, Do not eat (gluttonously), that ye may not be executed (as rebellious sons).
I.e., the commandment, Ye shall not eat with the blood involves many things; and if so, why is there a flogging attached to these other offences?
thereby teaching that one is not flagellated for it. This is R. Judah's view.1 R. Jacob said: This is not the real reason,2 but because it is a negative precept involving no action, for which one is not flagellated. From this we infer that in R. Judah's opinion one is flagellated for such transgressions.
R. Isaac said, What is meant by, And now they sin more and more, and have made them molten images of their silver, and idols in their image?15 — This teaches that each made a [small] image of his idol, put it in his pocket, and whenever he thought of it withdrew it from his bosom, and embraced and kissed it. What is meant by, Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves?16 — R. Isaac, of the school of R. Ammi said: Whenever the idols' priests became envious of any wealthy men, they starved the calves [which were worshipped], made images of these men, and placed them at the side of the cribs. Then they loosed the calves, who recognising these men [from the images set before them] ran after them and pawed them. Thereupon the priests said, 'The idol desires thee; come and sacrifice thyself to them.17 Raba said, If so, the verse should not be, They sacrifice men and kiss the calves, but, 'The calves kiss them [i.e., paw, and fawn upon them] that they should sacrifice themselves'. But Raba explained it thus: If one sacrificed his son to the idol, the priest said to him: You have offered a most precious gift to it; come and kiss it.
This is a general principle, for when a positive precept follows a negative one, it is implied that If the latter is violated, tho remedy lies in the former.
Lit., 'this is not of the same denomination'.
Deut. XIII, 12. This refers to the punishment of a mesith.
On mesith and maddiah v. infra 67a.
Isa. XLVI, 1. The conjunction of the first letter of boweth down ([H]), the second of Bel, and the word Neho, gives the name Kalnebo, the letters r and l interchanging.
One is not considered a zab, with all the laws pertaining thereto, unless he has three separate issues of matter. The minimum overall period for the three combined is the time taken for the issues themselves, (if very short) plus the time necessary to perform two ritual immersions and dry oneself twice, i.e., between the first and second issue, and between the second and third. This is equivalent to the walking time from Gadyasvan to Shiloh. This Mishnah is quoted from Zabin i. 5. where, however, the reading is Gad Yawan (two separate words, lit., 'Greek Fortune') to Siloah. Gad Yawan is probably the name of a pool connected with the Siloah, perhaps Fount of the Virgin. Gad was the name of the god of fortune, but as such it is only mentioned in Isa. LXV, 2, though occurring in the compounds Ba'al Gad and Migdal Gad Dillman (on Isaiah a.l.) suggests that Gad and Meni may have been mere Hebrew appellatives of Babylonian idols otherwise named there. We See from the present passage that Gad was the name of a Deity in Talmudic times. During the Second Temple, Palestine became thickly populated with Greeks (Halevy, Dorah iii, P. 9), and many places bore Greek names; Gad Yawan is an example of such, R. Mesharshia's objection is based on the use of the word Gad, though the name of a deity, by the Tanna of this Mishnah. The Pool of Siloam (the same as Siloah and Shiloah of the Bible, Isa. VIII, 6, Neh. III, 15) is located at the south eastern extremity of the European valley, at the southern part of Ophel. Its source is the Fountain of the Virgin, with which it is connected by a subterranean channel or conduit. Probably to this conduit Isaiah alluded when he spoke of the waters of Shiloah that go softly. Though the direct distance is only 1,100 feet, the passage from one to the other, owing to its winding and Zigzagging nature, measures 1750 feet.
Hos. X, 5. The same passage in Meg. 25b omits 'They have spoken', which belongs to the previous verse.
[H] instead of [H] i.e., its weight is reduced (Jast.). Rashi explains that the reference is to its excrements.
E.V., according to their own understanding: Hos. XII, 2.
Thus the verse is translated: They sacrifice (so. themselves) in their homage to the calves.
II Kings XVII, 30. This and the following verses refer to the idols set up by the heathens with whom Sannecherib repopulated Samaria after its inhabitants were deported.
They worshipped the image of a fowl, called in their language Succoth-benoth.
Adar, Heb. hadar [H] = 'to honour', and melech (melek) = king, master.
A reptile believed to be engendered in fire. One who smeared himself with its blood was thought to be fire-proof. Hag. 27a.
This shows that they really believed in idols.
I.e., at first, it was only a pretext to satisfy their lust. But having engaged in idolatry, they were ensnared by its allurements and really believed in it.


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Abstract: This paper presents the closed-form solution for the critical stock price 'also known as the free boundary' and the price of the perpetual American call options by means of the improved Mellin transforms. The expression for the price of the perpetual American call options with non-dividend yield is obtained as a steady-state solution to the non-homogeneous Black-Scholes partial differential equation for the American call options, rather than as a solution to the 'static' problem. The result shows that the critical stock price for the American call option is infinite and the price of the option coincides with the underlying asset price. For better accuracy, we have shown that our integral representation for the price of the American call option can be evaluated by means of an N-point Gauss-Laguerre quadrature method. To determine the performance of the improved Mellin transforms, we have compared the results generated by the improved Mellin transforms with the binomial model and the Black-Scholes model for the valuation of the American call option with non-dividend yield. The numerical results show that the improved Mellin transforms agrees with the Black-Scholes model and performs better than the binomial model as shown in Figure 3.
Abstract: This paper analysed the behaviour of randomness and efficiency in the Indian stock markets in view of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and adaptive market hypothesis (AMH). We have examined the randomness in detail and found that there has been no uniformity or trend in randomness and further, efficiency is time varying. Although inefficiencies were evidenced during the period of study (1990-2014), improvement in efficiencies has been observed in some pockets of time, implying greater adaptability in the markets-BSE Sensex and NSE Nifty. Based on the Lyapunov exponent, indication of nonlinear deterministic chaos also detected. The extent of randomness has been compared between both the markets using an entropy measure.
Abstract: In this study, we propose an equilibrium pricing rule for contingent claims traded in over-the-counter (OTC) markets with non-cash collateralisation. Owing to counterparty risks in OTC markets, collateral is required to create a derivative contract. In 2017, Osaka Exchange decided to expand the type of collateral asset, while cash has always been used as a collateral. In this study, we consider a market model in which the required collateral is not cash, and is instead assets with a senior credit class, such as a US Government bond. We further assume that market participants source collateral from the repurchase market (SC repo), where investors can borrow assets. Therefore, we provide an equilibrium pricing model that includes the repo market under counterparty risk. Our pricing rule also determines an equilibrium volume for the derivative contract. This enables us to examine the effects of the repo market on the price and volume for OTC derivative transactions.
Abstract: Stock price has a positive impact on the real estate investment trust (REIT) property sector index series (office, residential, and retail and logistics) in all three sample periods. Interest rate has no significant impact on any of the sectors in the REIT property sector index series under the comprehensive easing policy regime. On the other hand, interest rate has a negative impact on each of the sectors in the REIT Property Sector Index Series under the quantitative and qualitative easing, and the negative interest rate policy regimes. The negative impact of interest rate on the REIT market is larger under the quantitative and qualitative policy regime than it is under the negative interest rate policy regime. As regards the sensitivity of the three REIT property sectors to stock price and interest rate, no significant differences are found in any of the samples; the three different sectors are almost equally influenced by stock price and long-term interest rate in each sample.