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Barcelona will seduce you with its sunny beaches, dramatic mountains, and delicious Catalan dishes (tapas and vermouth, anyone?). Spend your days wandering through museums, your afternoons spellbound by Gaudí's surrealist architecture, and your nights dancing in cave-like clubs.
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The capital of the region known as Catalonia, Barcelona is said to be over 400 years older than Rome. Whether that's true or not, this is not Barcelona's first rodeo. The metropolis is swarmed with tourists year round and who can blame them? Near perfect weather, award-winning architecture, and gastronomic fare ranging from traditional to modern make this city a delight. Fueled by political distress — after all, Catalonians are a fiercely independent people — there are two sides to today's Barcelona: a late-night party hub and a tranquil, historical treasure. Whichever you choose, Barcelona will have you saying ¡vale! to everything in no time.
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/JackF)
When to go:
Barcelona is one of the most visited cities in Europe. In 2016 alone, some 32 million tourists descended upon the city. Although officials are taking measures to control the flux of tourism, numbers are still high for a city of only 1.6 million residents. Point in fact: no matter when you visit, you're bound to run into long lines and hordes of sightseers. The best time to visit is between May and June, the beginning of festival season when temperatures hover in the mid-70s (~21-26C). Summertime, July-August, tends to be sticky and humid. Locals flock to other destinations for a reprieve from the heat, but this is when Barcelona sees a majority of its tourists. Expect highs in the 80s (~26-31C) — a perfect excuse to hit the beach — but little cooling off during the nighttime. Keep in mind that many businesses close for the whole month of August.
Temperatures dip back into the low 70s (~21C) in autumn and going for a swim is possible well into September. But beach excursions come to end in October and November, when lows dip down into the 50s (~10-15C) or less. October is the wettest month of the year, with rains persisting into November as scattered showers throughout the day. Winters (December-February) are mild (50s and 60s/~10-18C) and often see vacationing Europeans come for Christmas and New Years celebrations. Warmer weather returns in March and April, but expect occasional showers until late spring.
Getting around:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/Olga355)
Barcelona has eight metro lines run by the TMB (Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona). They serve a majority of the city and can be identified by the number and color of the line (e.g. L1 [red]). The metro operates on a zone fare basis, meaning the farther you travel from the city center, the more expensive your ticket. Most of the the major sights and points of interest fall within zone 1. A one-way ticket in this zone costs 2,20€. If you plan on traveling often, buy a T10 ticket instead. This card costs 10,20€, is good for 10 journeys, and is valid across all modes of public transportation. Prices will also increase for T10 card users the farther you travel from zone 1; a fare guide can be found at the bottom of the official metro map. Day passes (2, 3, 4 and 5 days), known as Hola Barcelona Travel Cards, are also available, for 15,20€ up to 35,40€. You can pay for your ticket using cash (notes or coins) or card at ticketing machines inside all metro stations.
The metro runs Mondays to Thursdays, Sundays and public holidays from 5am to midnight; Fridays and the night prior to public holidays from 5am until 2am. Saturdays and nights before public holidays including New Year's day, June 24, August 15, and September 29, service runs non-stop. Operation ceases at 11pm on Christmas Eve.
The city also operates a metropolitan rail network known as the Ferrocarrils de la Generalitat, or FGC. One funicular in Vallvidrera; three L lines run within the city, seven S lines operate to suburban areas like Sant Cugat and Sabadell, and two R lines (known as Rodalies) travel farther to Manresa and Igualada. FGC operates Mondays to Thursdays, Sundays, and public holidays from 5am to midnight; Fridays 5am to 2am; Saturdays and nights before public holidays including New Year's day, June 24, and September 24 are non-stop. To enter all trains, simply insert your card into the machine, wait for the ticket to come back from the pop-slot, then pass through the turnstile.
The TMB also runs over 200 bus lines and 17 night bus routes within the city, all of which are accessible for people with disabilities. Ticket fares are the same as the metro. Transfers are available for free between one public transport to another within 1 hour and 15 minutes of the first use, except for one-way single ticket users. The Nocturnal Bus Service (Nitbus) operates anywhere between 11pm and 5 or 6am but this schedule is subject to change, so check the timetable before heading out. All Nitbus make stops at Plaza Cataluña and accept all but Hola Barcelona travel cards. You can purchase tickets directly on the bus.
Two tram lines, reinstated in 2004, provide easy access to Barcelona's industrial, shopping, and residential areas. The Trambaix operates from Francesc Macià Square to Cornellà de Llobregat. The Trambesós goes from Ciutadella Villa Olímpica to Badalona. Trams accept all of the Barcelona transportation cards — which you can purchase at any tram station — and run Mondays to Thursdays, Sundays and public holidays 5am to midnight; Fridays, Saturdays, and nights before public holidays 5am to 2am.
Renting a car is not recommended, due to the volume of people and vehicles, as well as shortage of convenient parking spaces. Major ride hailing services like MyTaxi and Cabify are available but it may be easier to stick with public transportation or to hail an official city taxi, which are painted black with yellow doors. Taxi rates per kilometer are 1,17€ (between 8am and 8pm) and 1,40€ (between 8pm to 8am). A supplement of 3,10€ per person will be added for rides with more than four passengers. As of 2019, Uber has been suspended in Barcelona.
Barcelona's bike sharing program, Bicing, has over 6,000 mechanical and 800 electric bikes available to rent with an annual membership or on a per use basis. Unfortunately, only residents of the city are allowed to sign up for a a Bicing card. Visitors are better off taking advantage of the pedestrian-friendly streets of Barcelona instead.
Talk money to me:
Euros are the official currency of Spain. Major credit cards are accepted almost everywhere but it's not a bad idea to keep some bills on hand for small transactions and for picking up the tab at the rare cash-only establishment. It's also a good idea to have small bills on hand for taxi trips in case your driver cannot make change with larger bills.
Catalan vs. Castilian Spanish, the two official languages of Barcelona:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/feradz)
Spain is made up of 17 autonomous communities; Catalonia is one of them, with Barcelona serving as its capital. Over the years, there has been an on-going debate between certain political agencies and parts of the population over the separation of Catalonia from Spain. At the center of this dispute is the Catalan language, which has been used by separatists as a reason to establish Catalonia's own cultural identity.
The language does not derive from Spanish or French, and it is distinct from Castilian Spanish. Castilian Spanish is the purest and most proper form of the Spanish language, and is taught to most beginners. A majority of the population in Barcelona speaks Castilian, while only about 50 to 60 percent speak Catalan. During your visit to Barcelona, expect to see Catalan alongside Spanish in newspapers, television, books, roadsigns, shops, and museums. Here are a few common phrases you can use:
Bon dia/tarda/nit - Good morning/afternoon/night
Adéu/Adéu-siau - Goodbye to one person informally/goodbye to many people
Com estàs?/Com esta? - How are you? (informal/formal)
Estic bé, i tu?/Estic bé, i vostè? - I'm well, and you? (informal/formal)
Molt bé, gràcies - Good, thanks
Sisplau/Si us plau - Please
Gràcies/Mercès - Thank you
De res - You're welcome
Socors! / Auxili! - Help!
Let's talk about food & drinks:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/Gypsy Picture Show )
Barcelona has earned a place among the top gastronomical capitals in the world. The city celebrates food in its purest forms, whether its at a no frills café or with traditional flavors. The proximity to the Mediterranean means fresh seafood, but ties with inland Catalonia make porks popular as well. Look for the famous Serrano hams and embutidos (cold cuts). But the most important thing for understanding Barcelonians' quotidian relationship with food is the timing.
Breakfast (8am to 10:30am) tends to be a light affair that consists of some coffee (café con leche or solo [espresso]), orange juice, a pastry (like churros), a sandwich (generally with ham and cheese), or toast with jams or marmalades. Because most restaurants do not open until 1 or 2pm, locals have a mid-morning snack, also known as almuerzo, between 11am and 12:30pm, to tide them over. Some bars will have specials like a small sandwich (entrepà) and a canyita, a small glass of beer; muffins and other pastries are common as well.
Lunch is the most important meal of the day in Spain. Known as comida, it is made up of multiple courses of heavier foods. Many restaurants offer an affordable menu of the day with 3 to 6 options for the first course, like soups and salads, followed by a meat or fish, paella, pasta, and/or rice and beans for the second course (platos combinados). This is topped off with dessert (yogurt or fruits), plus enough bread, wine, and beer to have you begging for a siesta when you're done. Lunch goes on between 1 and 4pm, with the rush hour around 2 or 2:30pm. Keep in mind that many business may close after lunch and re-open after 5pm.
The mid-afternoon snack, or la merienda, occurs between 5:30 and 7:30pm, and is more about socializing than the actual meal. Locals meet at cafés over hot chocolate, churros, and other sweet pastries. Cured meat sandwiches are also popular. Dinner (cena) is served on the later side, anywhere from 8:30pm until 11pm. Portions are smaller than lunch, and often this means tapas (aperitivos) at a wine bar. These small plates range anywhere between 1€ to 5€ and consists of calamari, potatoes (patatas bravas especially), and croquettes. The small plates can also be ordered as raciones which are larger plates of the tapas, or pinchos, mouth sized tapas served on pieces of bread. It's normal to order one racione per person or multiple tapas for the table to share. Visitors can still find the same dishes they had at lunch at dinner but usually at a higher price; bear in mind that most restaurants close one day a week (typically Sunday or Monday).
Markets are another major cog of the Barcelona food machine. In an age of mega supermarkets, Barcelona is investing in the revitalization of half of the 40+ markets across the city, many of which date back to Medieval times. Even if you're not shopping for fresh produce, meats, and other sundries, they are worth it for the atmosphere alone. Today, some of the markets offer free Wi-fi access, cooking workshops, hosted events, and exhibitions (like the Mercat del Born). La Boqueria one of the most prominent, helped usher in the modern food revolution of the 2000s and solidified the city as one of the food capitals of the world. Las Ramblas Market dates back to the 13th century, and it gets massive crowds, but you won't see as many locals here anymore. Head to Sant Antoni Market instead.
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/RossHelen)
Paella has grown in popularity so much that it's easy to taste it anywhere in the other. We still encourage you to taste the paella here anyway. In fact, try all of the seafood Barcelona has to offer, because it is fresh and it is plentiful. For a lesser known regional seafood specialty try Suquet de peix, a fish-and-potato stew once a breakfast dish for fishermen. Do not overlook the high quality tinned foods, or conservas. They started as soldier grub but have become a gourmet food product. Quality mackerel, scallops, octopus, squid, tuna, and clams are only a few of the delicacies served canned (some clam tins can fetch upwards of 600€ per kilo!). Try Quimet y Quimet, a hundred-year-old standing-room only tapas bar stacked with high quality conservas.
Nothing pairs with canned foods quite like vermouth, the fortified wine that has become the center of a mid-day social gathering across Spain (a gathering so popular it has its own name, la hora del vermut). Typically the first drink of the day, vermouth is enjoyed as an aperitif, on the rocks or with soda, alongside tapas and pa amb tomàquet, a bread rubbed with tomato and olive oil. Then of course there is the wine. Being one of the top three wine producers in the world, Spanish wine is a staple of Barcelona's every day. Aside from the typical dark reds (like Priorat) and whites from the Penedès region, the Spanish sparkling wine cava is exceptionally popular. Cava is served at weddings, banquets, and other celebrations and often comes in a white or pink color. You can also find refreshing sangria, cervezas (beer), or a gin and tonic ("gintonic," the Spaniards drop the "and"), the after dinner drink of choice, at just about any bar.
"Barça" is not a nickname for Barcelona, although many tourists call it that; it is the nickname for FC Barcelona, the local soccer team.
Contrary to popular belief, the city does not host bullfighting — it was banned in 2010 — and Flamenco is also not traditional to Barcelona, sardana is.
Avoid eating on Las Ramblas at all costs. This major pedestrian-thoroughfare is worth checking out at least once, and makes for a great place to people watch. But restaurants along the street are overpriced and typically does not offer the quality products used at more traditional establishments. You can find better options in neighboring streets, and with fewer people.
If the dinner schedule didn't already tip you off, Barcelona is known for its late-night culture. Nightlife activities typically kickoff after midnight: clubs see a majority of people at 1am and don't close until 6 or 7am (entrance fees may apply).
Bars close around 2am on weekdays and 3am on weekends, so expect last call 30 minutes prior.
You must be 18 years or older to legally drink alcohol and purchase cigarettes. It is illegal to smoke indoors (including e-cigarettes) or in public spaces, unless there is a dedicated smoking area.
Although Barcelona is a safe place to visit, petty crime has become a major problem. It is especially common on public transportation, markets, and in large streets/plazas like Las Ramblas. Perpetrators often use tactics such as bumping into you, approaching with a paper or map, or asking for directions, while an accomplice grabs your bag or steals your wallet. Keep tabs on your belongings at all times.
If you're planning a trip inside the Sagrada Familia, purchase tickets in advance to avoid queueing for hours. The line snakes many blocks and it is particularly gruesome during summer conditions.
Tipping is uncommon here, but if you've experienced excellent service, leaving a 5 to 10 percent tip is okay. This goes for cabbies too.
The pace is slower here — don't be surprised if it takes a long time for a barista to prepare your coffee. And because the rituals of mealtime are so important , waiters may not bring out your bill unless you ask for it.
Sundays are sacred for Spaniards — many restaurants, shops, markets, and bars are closed (except in very touristy parts of town). Another Sunday tradition is drinking vermouth and eating salty snacks.
Barcelona's tap water is drinkable but known for its foul taste. Restaurants serve bottled water instead, which costs as much, if not more, than an alcoholic beverage.
Spain is home to over 700 cannabis clubs, and half of them are located in Barcelona. The city is sometimes referred to as the "Holland of the South." But the Asociaciones Cannabicos are intended for Spanish residents, not to the public, and scoring a membership is extremely difficult.
The street corners of the Eixample neighborhood are missing; they are rounded instead because it makes it easier and safer for trams to turn the corner, so walk carefully.
Major Neighborhoods
For the best shopping:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/thamerpic)
Barri Gòtic offers more than just a tangle of ancient narrow streets. Treat your feet to a traditional, handmade espadrille from La Manual Alpargatera; pick up some new knives at the oldest cutlery shop in Catalonia, Ganiveteria Roca; or get a lesson on covering your head from this century-old boutique specializing in hats for every occasion. Home goods stores like La Nostra Ciutat have everything from baby toys and mugs to prints and graphic design posters. Nearby El Raval, a once dodgy part of town, has reinvented itself as an artistic bohemian enclave. It has become a breeding ground for boutiques selling luxurious skincare products, retro clothing finds, and souvenir shops with artisanal trinkets, ceramics, and local designer labels.
In Gràcia, shop the delicate creations at Les Catherinettes, a millinery with artistic headwear for men and women; check out custom furnishings and one-of-a-kind vintage at Antique Boutique; or scoop an old-timey camera at Nostàlgic and live out your film photo dreams.
For art enthusiasts:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/Jelena990)
Spain is the birthplace of so many acclaimed art figures — and you can browse much of their work right here in Barcelona. The Picasso Museum in El Born dives deep into Spain's most acclaimed artist, with over 3,800 pieces from Pablo's formative years. If that weren't enough, the works are housed inside five contiguous Medieval stone mansions. Fundació Joan Miró in Montjüic was built specifically by Miró's friend to showcase the works by the Surrealist painter. The white, arched structure is an art piece in itself. In the same neighborhood is the massive MNAC: Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, which covers Catalonian art from the 12th through to the 20th centuries. In the Eixample, you'll have your pick from Fundació Antoni Tàpies, — recognizable from its aluminum piping and metal netting above the rooftop — Fundación Mapfre — which showcases late-19th to mid-20th century painting and photography, — and Fundació Suñol — a contemporary art space that rotates 1,200 paintings, sculptures, and photography every six months. In La Font de la Guatlla sits CaixaForum, a former yarn and textile factory that now houses a permanent contemporary art collection and temporary exhibitions. The building, which once served as a police barracks before falling into disrepair, is one of the city's best examples of the industrial Modernisme style.
When you're ready to explore Barcelona's gallery scene, there is no better place to start than in the neighborhood of Eixample. ProjecteSD combines art exhibitions with artist conversations and book launches; Galería Senda presents diverse young and established artists on the national and international landscape; Galeria Mayoral focuses on work by postwar masters like Picasso, Miró, Dalí, Magritte, Chagall, and more; and ADN, which examines works by artists working the socio-political realm.
For nature lovers:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/eli_asenova)
About 10 percent of the city is covered in parks — 68 green spaces to be exact. This means there is an average of 18 square meters of park space per resident to enjoy. Just off El Born, visit Ciutadella Park, where you can go paddling on the lake, take a trip to the local zoo, or marvel at the ornate Cascada Monumenta, a stone waterfall designed by Gaudí. In the northern neighborhood of Gràcia is the famed Park Güell, where architecture meets nature in a sprawling 17 hectares of land. The park was a failed housing project by Gaudí for Spanish entrepreneur Eusebi Güell, who later bequeathed the property to the state. It is probably one of the most visited attractions in Barcelona, which means a long wait time and crowds. If you're looking for something quieter take a trip to Laberint d'Horta Park in Horta, the oldest park in the city. This green space features an elaborate labyrinth and 18th century neoclassical garden.
If you were looking for a beach prior to the 1992 Olympics, there weren't any. Today, there are seven that line the 4.5km coastline and offer plenty of sand and sunshine. Playa de la Barceloneta in La Barceloneta is a great option for when the weather is hot and humid.
For the best nightlife:
Trendy El Raval plays host to a slew of bars where you can get the evening started off right. Caribbean Club has expertly mixed rum cocktails from famed bartender Juanjo Gonzalez Rubiera. They'll practically transport you to Cuba — but no food is served here, so pace yourself accordingly. If you're itching to meet the green fairy, Bar Marmalade knows how to pour a glass of the green stuff. They're the oldest operating absinthe bar in the city and also serve coffee to keep you going. Another long operating establishment is Casa Almirall. It was founded in 1860, but the place still knows how to have a good time. Go for a glass of vermouth or a microbrew. For something more lively, hit Bar Pastís. Arrive before 9pm to grab a seat at this French-themed cabaret bar that lives for Piaf and live acts. Speakeasy El Armario will have you sneaking through the owner's wardrobe, Narnia style, to enjoy decently priced cocktails...that is, if you can get in. With no regular operating hours you'll just have to rely on luck. If that doesn't work out hit Cassette Bar, where a young crowd gathers for gintonics inside a quirky, modern space, with indie and experimental electronic music on the speakers.
In Barri Gòtic, jazz aficionados congregate at Jamboree. The cave-like landmark hosts jazz, Latin music, and blues gigs downstairs, while the upstairs venue showcases flamenco performances. For DJ sets and strobe lighting, Macarena has a sound system that booms to keep you dancing to minimalist electro. In Poble-sec, Laut is a venue that plays a big part in the Lapsus Festival where avant-garde electronic music blasts to a crowd of 200.
For architecture buffs:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/ValeryEgorov)
If there is something Barcelona does not lack it's architecture masterpieces. The city is home to nine UNESCO landmarks, including La Sagrada Familia Basilica in the Eixample district. The Gaudí treasure has been under construction for over a century (longer than the Egyptian pyramids), with completion slated for 2026. It attracts about three million visitors annually, with much of the admission fees going to the cost of construction. A less popular architectural attraction in the same neighborhood is Dipòsit de les Aigües, a reservoir building designed in 1874 to store water for the nearby park. The Romanesque reservoir is now the library for the Universitat Pompeu Fabra Campus de la Ciutadella. Eixample is the home of Gaudí's Casa Milà, or La Pedrera, best known for its rolling stone façade and twisting wrought iron balconies. Visitors can enter the home and visit the rooftop terrace for spectacular views of the city.
Park Güell in Gràcia is another big attraction, bringing in over 9 million visitors every year. Porticos mimic ocean waves, a dragon is covered in colorful and broken ceramic pieces, and striated columns pay homage to the Doric style of Greek temples. Gaudí's unparalleled fairy tale creation is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
For the sports fan:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/LenaKozlova)
When it comes to sports, Barcelonians bleed blue and maroon. Hop on a train to Les Corts to witness the local soccer team, FC Barcelona, in action. The largest stadium in Europe, Camp Nou is a legendary holy ground for major sports fan (but if you're no supporter of FC, tread lightly). It's an electrifying atmosphere to catch a live game. Barça has been through a lot since its creation in 1899 but one thing has stuck over time: FC Barcelona supporters are known as "culés," the word for "ass" in Catalan. The legend goes that those who walked past the former stadium could see the buttocks of spectators sitting in the highest rows.
If experiencing the game live is not an option, countless locals congregate in bars to watch the action on television: The Wild Rover Irish Pub, Flaherty's Irish Pub Barcelona, and Shenanigans Irish Pub Barcelona in El Raval, and La Taverna de Barcelona in Eixample are the best bets for a "culé" atmosphere — just make sure to book a table in advance on game day.
For the older couple:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/bwzenith)
A stay in El Born promises visitors a front row seat to some of the best that Barcelona has to offer. Picturesque Medieval streets, tapas bars, boutiques, the Picasso Museum, and the famous Mercat Santa Caterina are just a few highlights of the area. For a less touristy stay, opt for accommodations in upper El Born. Gràcia exudes small town charm — and appropriately so, as the area was once a stand alone village before being absorbed by the city. Today restaurants serving traditional Catalan dishes stand next to wine shops selling organic and biodynamic wines.
La Barceloneta contains long stretches of beach and luxury hotels, including W Barcelona. Family-run businesses and local residents who try to keep tourism to a minimum make this neighborhood a pleasant place to dive deep into the city's cultural heritage. To the northwest is Sarrià-Sant Gervasi, one of the most sophisticated districts in Barcelona. Affluent residents and luxury homes means access to fine dining establishments and even a mountaintop amusement park.
For families:
(Photo Courtesy: iStock/agafapaperiapunta)
Barri Gòtic's central location makes it very walkable to-and-from major attractions around the city. The historical, labyrinthine streets are closed to car traffic, so parents can rest assured that it's safe to let the little ones roam with you. El Raval is similar, with the added benefit of Ciutadella Park and its zoo. Sarrià-Sant Gervasi may skew older but the Tibidabo Amusement Park screams fun and will entice even the youngest members of the family. Don't forget to visit CosmoCaixa, a science museum housed in a modernist building, which features a planetarium and an Amazon rainforest. Stay in Barceloneta for a true family neighborhood feel: beaches, mini markets, and many apartments for rent in the area.
Barcelona's must-visit places
$$$$ · Park
$$$$ · Museum
Produit National Brut (P.N.B)
$$$$ · Clothing Store
Trait Store
Ivori
Fàbrica Moritz Barcelona
$$$$ · Brewery
$$$$ · Cocktail Bar
Tuxedo social club
$$$$ · Cafe
Satan's Coffee Corner
$$$$ · Coffee Shop
Café Cometa
Bodega 1900
$$$$ · Spanish
Lomo Alto
Granja M. Viader
$$$$ · Mediterranean
Restaurant La Balsa
Café San Telmo
El Canalla
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Webinar - How Can We (and Why Should We) Analyze the Ethics of Paternalistic Policies in Public Health? Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.
Webinar NCCHPP & NCCAH - Structures of Indifference: An Indigenous Life and Death in a Canadian City.
NCCHPP & NCCDH Webinar - Public Health Ethics and Equity: Naming and Navigating Ethical Issues in Public Health Practice. Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.
Presentation - How To (and Why) Analyze the Ethics of Paternalistic Policies in Public Health
NCCHPP & NCCMT Webinar - Priority-setting in Public Health: Evidence and Ethics in Decision-making
Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.
NCCHPP & NCCID Webinar - Public Health Ethics: A Case in Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
NCCHPP & NCCEH Webinar - Public Health Ethics: A Case in Environmental Health,
Repertoire - Ethics Frameworks for Public Health
Utilitarianism in Public Health
'Principlism' and Frameworks in Public Health Ethics
Introduction to Public Health Ethics 3: Frameworks for Public Health Ethics
An Introduction to the Ethical Implications of Economic Evaluations for Healthy Public Policy
Bulletin on what's new in public health ethics [in French, with resources in Fr/En]. From the Public health ethics committee secretariat (Institut national de santé publique du Québec).
Ethics and public health: Forging a strong relationship. By Callahan, D. & Jennings, B. (2002). In the American Journal of Public Health, 92(2), 169-76. On the site of PubMed Central.
Population Health Ethics: Annotated Bibliography. By Greenwood, H.L. and Edwards, N. (2009). On the site of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research – Institute of Population and Public Health (CIHR-IPPH).
Re-visioning Public Health Ethics: A Relational Perspective. By Kenny, N., Sherwin, S. and Baylis, F. (2010). Can J Public Health 2010; 101(1) 9-11. On the site of the Canadian Journal of Public Health.
The contribution of ethics to public health. By Coleman, C.H. et al. (2008). In the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86 (8). On the site of the World Health Organization.
Framework of Values to Support Ethical Analysis of Public Health Actions. By Filitrault, F., Désy, M. and Leclerc, B. (2015). On the site of l'Institut national de santé publique du Québec.
Éthique et santé publique. Enjeux, valeurs et normativité. By Massé, R. (2003). Québec : Les Presses de l'Université Laval. (In French only).
WHO guidelines on ethical issues in public health surveillance. World Health Organization. (2017). Geneva. On the site of the World Health Organization.
Michael Keeling

Don't Miss...
Webinar - How Can We (and Why Should We) Analyze the Ethics of Paternalistic Policies in Public Health? Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.

Webinar NCCHPP & NCCAH - Structures of Indifference: An Indigenous Life and Death in a Canadian City.

NCCHPP & NCCDH Webinar - Public Health Ethics and Equity: Naming and Navigating Ethical Issues in Public Health Practice. Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.

Presentation - How To (and Why) Analyze the Ethics of Paternalistic Policies in Public Health

NCCHPP & NCCMT Webinar - Priority-setting in Public Health: Evidence and Ethics in Decision-making
Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.

NCCHPP & NCCID Webinar - Public Health Ethics: A Case in Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.

NCCHPP & NCCEH Webinar - Public Health Ethics: A Case in Environmental Health
Click to watch and listen to the recording of the webinar.

Repertoire - Ethics Frameworks for Public Health

Utilitarianism in Public Health
 1.3 MB

'Principlism' and Frameworks in Public Health Ethics
 1.2 MB

Introduction to Public Health Ethics 3: Frameworks for Public Health Ethics
 772 K

An Introduction to the Ethical Implications of Economic Evaluations for Healthy Public Policy

Links
Bulletin on what's new in public health ethics [in French with resources in Fr/En]. From the Public health ethics committee secretariat (Institut national de santé publique du Québec).

Ethics and public health: Forging a strong relationship. By Callahan D. & Jennings B. (2002). In the American Journal of Public Health 92(2) 169-76. On the site of PubMed Central.

Population Health Ethics: Annotated Bibliography. By Greenwood  H.L. and Edwards N. (2009). On the site of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research – Institute of Population and Public Health (CIHR-IPPH).

Re-visioning Public Health Ethics: A Relational Perspective. By Kenny N. Sherwin S. and Baylis F. (2010). Can J Public Health 2010; 101(1) 9-11. On the site of the Canadian Journal of Public Health.

The contribution of ethics to public health. By Coleman C.H. et al. (2008). In the Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (8). On the site of the World Health Organization.

Framework of Values to Support Ethical Analysis of Public Health Actions. By Filitrault F. Désy M. and Leclerc B. (2015). On the site of l'Institut national de santé publique du Québec.

Éthique et santé publique. Enjeux valeurs et normativité. By Massé R. (2003). Québec : Les Presses de l'Université Laval. (In French only).

WHO guidelines on ethical issues in public health surveillance. World Health Organization. (2017). Geneva. On the site of the World Health Organization.

Contact

Michael Keeling

Home > Projects > Ethics > COVID-19: Selected Websites
Public Health Ethics and COVID-19: Selected Websites
Here you will find varied resources relevant to Covid-19 and ethics: a number of websites with multiple links or other resources. We will add to this list over time. Please send an email to let us know about additional websites or articles: michael.keeling@inspq.qc.ca.
Last updated in October, 2020. Description.
Covid-19 (2019 novel coronavirus) Resource Center for Physicians
https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/covid-19-2019-novel-coronavirus-resource-center-physicians
American Medical Association Journal of Ethics
Covid-19 Ethics Resource Center
https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/covid-19-ethics-resource-center
Bioethical Inquiry
Social and Ethical Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Part 1
https://bioethicalinquiry.com/symposium-social-and-ethical-implications-of-the-covid-19-pandemicpart-1/
Bioethics.net
Bioethics Toolkit Resources for Covid-19
http://www.bioethics.net/2020/03/bioethics-toolkit-resources-for-covid-19/
Bioethics,net
Toolkit: Bioethics and Race #BlackBioethics
http://www.bioethics.net/2020/06/toolkit-bioethics-and-race-blackbioethics/
Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics – at Harvard T. H. Chan School for Public Health
Covid-19 and Health Inequities: Seminar Series
https://ccdd.hsph.harvard.edu/health-inequities-seminar-series/
Centre de recherche en éthique de l'Université de Montréal
Billets de la pandémie (blog articles in French and in English).
http://www.lecre.umontreal.ca/categorie/publications/billets-de-la-pandemie/
Centre for Ethics at the University of Toronto (C4E@UofT)
Ethics of COVID
Videos https://c4ejournal.net/category/ethics-of-covid/
Podcasts https://soundcloud.com/centre-for-ethics/sets/the-ethics-of-covid
Columbia University Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics
Covid-19 Ethics: Health, Inequality, and Justice
https://www.mhe.cuimc.columbia.edu/division-ethics/covid-19-resources
https://www.coe.int/en/web/bioethics/covid-19
Cunningham, T.
Pandemic Ethics Literature (Google Drive).
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1B9Ub9Si-JHOHe9ElVy4ZTI81IGfK0EB-
Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto
Covid-19 Webinars (YouTube channel & playlist).
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwMO6aokVHc6fM470wYmJYTBR-2pvwf8T
Duke University Press, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
https://read.dukeupress.edu/jhppl/pages/covid-19
Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, Harvard University
Covid-19 Response White Papers
https://ethics.harvard.edu/covid-19-response
Éthique et pandémie
Articles Éthique & Pandémie (in French).
http://ethique-pandemie.com/articles/
Global Health Network
https://epidemicethics.tghn.org/
Gouvernement du Québec, Commission de l'éthique en science et en technologie
Enjeux éthiques liés à la pandémie de COVID-19 (in French).
https://www.ethique.gouv.qc.ca/fr/publications/ethique-covid19/
Hastings Center
Ethics Resources on the Coronavirus (Covid-19)
https://www.thehastingscenter.org/ethics-resources-on-the-coronavirus/
Impact Ethics
Search categories: Covid-19; Coronavirus
https://impactethics.ca/category/covid-19/
https://impactethics.ca/category/coronavirus/
Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics
Coronavirus Ethics and Policy Insights and Resources
https://bioethics.jhu.edu/research-and-outreach/covid-19-bioethics-expert-insights/
Johns Hopkins SNF Agora Institute
SNF Agora Conversations: The Politics and Policy of COVID-19 (webcast series).
https://snfagora.jhu.edu/politics-and-policy-of-covid-19/
Joint Centre for Bioethics, University of Toronto
Covid-19 Bioethics Resources
http://jcb.utoronto.ca/news/covid-19.shtml
https://www.thelancet.com/coronavirus
Nova Scotia Health Ethics Network (NSHEN)
http://www.nshen.ca/index.php/covid-19-resources/
Nuffield Council on Bioethics
Health and Society: Covid-19
https://www.nuffieldbioethics.org/topics/health-and-society/covid-19
Politics of Health Group
Covid-19 Repository
http://www.pohg.org.uk/
Public Health Agency of Canada
Public health ethics framework: A guide for use in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada – Selected resources
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/canadas-reponse/ethics-framework-guide-use-response-covid-19-pandemic.html#a4
Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19)
https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/collections/coronavirus-disease-2019--covid-19.html
Science for the People
COVID-19: Political Articles and Resources (Google docs).
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xVKrDArKsAuPUL9Ko7SH-TId7W3qI4HgxVrCOZAn9kU/edit#heading=h.o0pqhtttbdzh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Finding Vanilla Octopus: Wouldn't it Be Loverly?
Not get up 'til the morning light.
Real dreams, real rest, real sleep!
Oh, so loverly lying abso-bloomin'-lutely still.
Oh wouldn't it be loverly?
She had a golden week, Miss Amelia did. Since then, it's been back to one or two feedings a night (with a smattering of Michael-coughs in-between), and I'll tell you: this mama is tired.


text:
West Point Band Music Under the Stars 2022: Red, White, and Bluegrass
The West Point Band is proud to announce its "Music Under the Stars" 2022 summer concert series at West Point's iconic Trophy Point Amphitheater. Join them for the Bluegrass Band's "Red, White, and Bluegrass" performance on Saturday, June 4, 7:30pm.
Experience a piece of living history as the active-duty Soldiers of the West Point Band perform world-class music overlooking the waters that George Washington called "the key to the continent."
Audiences are welcome to bring picnics, explore the beautiful and historic grounds of West Point - the U.S. Military Academy, and enjoy scenic Hudson River views set to a soundtrack of music from across the spectrum of the American experience – classical, jazz, pop, patriotic, and more! Best of all, these concerts are FREE and open to the public.*
*For more information about accessing West Point, please click here or call the Visitors Center at (845) 938-2638.
West Point Trophy Point Amphitheater
117-119 Washington Rd
West Point, NY 10996
For more information · 1-845-938-2617
family fun live performance music in-person event art and entertainment West Point


text:
Q: How to get if in which interval an index exists using set> I have std::set<std::pair<int, int>> intervals which it's values are some intervals, it is somthing similar to this:
{ 0, 5 },
{ 5, 8 },
{ 8, 10 }

and I have a number x can I find in which interval it is using lower_bound or upper_bound?
I need a solution with O(log(N)) complexity.
Because I remember that I saw someone doing it someway like this:
int x;
std::set<std::pair<int, int>> intervals;
cin >> x;
auto ans = intervals.upper_bound({ x, INF })

and I don't remember what was the value of INF
Note: the intervals aren't intersecting.

A: First of all, if you want to have a set of continuous ranges, you should simply represent them as a set that keeps only the beginning of each range.
set<int> boundaries { 0, 5, 8, 10 };

If you really want to use a structure that keeps both ends of a range, the following will allow you to search in O(log(N)). In the case of keeping both ends, it is possible to express other than continuous ranges set, so this example intentionally omits [6, 8). If the structure keeps both ends, it is also possible to express overlapping ranges set. In that case, we would have to search for more than one range. I left that example out.
#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>
#include <numeric>
#include <set>

using namespace std;
int main()
{
    set<pair<int, int>> intervals{ { 0, 5 },
                                   { 5, 6 },
                                   { 8, 10 } }; // drop {6, 8} version.
    {
        constexpr auto INF = numeric_limits<int>::max();
        auto find = [&](const int x) {
            auto next = intervals.upper_bound({ x, INF });
            if (next != intervals.begin()) {
                if (auto ans = prev(next); x < ans->second)
                    return ans;
            }
            return intervals.end();
        };
        for (int x = -1; x <= 11; ++x) {
            if (auto ans = find(x); ans != intervals.end()) {
                printf("%d is in [%d, %d)\n", x, ans->first, ans->second);
            } else {
                printf("%d is not in any range\n", x);
            }
        }
    }

    set<int> boundaries{ 0, 5, 8, 10 };
    {
        auto find = [&](const int x) {
            auto next = boundaries.upper_bound(x);
            if (next != boundaries.begin()) {
                return prev(next);
            }
            return boundaries.end();
        };

        for (int x = -1; x <= 11; ++x) {
            if (auto ans = find(x); ans != boundaries.end()) {
                if (auto nx = next(ans); nx != boundaries.end()) {
                    printf("%d is in [%d, %d)\n", x, *ans, *nx);
                } else {
                    printf("%d is in [%d, inf)\n", x, *ans);
                }
            } else {
                printf("%d is in [-inf, %d)\n", x, *boundaries.begin());
            }
        }
    }
}

stdout is here.
// == set<pair<int, int>>
-1 is not in any range
0 is in [0, 5)
1 is in [0, 5)
2 is in [0, 5)
3 is in [0, 5)
4 is in [0, 5)
5 is in [5, 6)
6 is not in any range
7 is not in any range
8 is in [8, 10)
9 is in [8, 10)
10 is not in any range
11 is not in any range

// == set<int>
-1 is in [-inf, 0)
0 is in [0, 5)
1 is in [0, 5)
2 is in [0, 5)
3 is in [0, 5)
4 is in [0, 5)
5 is in [5, 8)
6 is in [5, 8)
7 is in [5, 8)
8 is in [8, 10)
9 is in [8, 10)
10 is in [10, inf)
11 is in [10, inf)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
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S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies
Transforming the Rice Value Chain: A Whole-of-Society Approach?
CO18176 | Transforming the Rice Value Chain: A Whole-of-Society Approach?
Jose Ma. Luis P. Montesclaros, Paul Teng
RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical and contemporary issues. The authors' views are their own and do not represent the official position of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced with prior permission from RSIS and due credit to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email to Editor RSIS Commentary at [email protected].
The International Rice Congress (IRC) 2018 held in Singapore, 15-17 October 2018, provided new insights and refreshing ideas on how the rice value chain has been transforming. It also underscored the need for a Whole-of-Society approach to secure enough rice for all in 2050.
THE QUADRENNIAL International Rice Congress (IRC) for 2018 took place in Singapore on 15-17 October, co-organised by the Philippines-based International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and the Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA). It was hosted for the first time by Singapore, an exception to the IRC's tradition of holding the event in a major rice-producing country, starting with Beijing in 1998.
The overarching theme of the Congress was 'Transformative Science for Food and Nutrition Security'. 'Transformative' was a key word, given how practices in the rice industry have evolved rapidly over the past decade, and since the last Congress was held. For instance, an unlikely presenter was Amazon Web Services (AWS), a known website for selling books online. Its keynote address was on how it was venturing into machine learning for agriculture and even cloud computing.
An Emerging Digital Rice World
Machine learning refers to programming computers to identify the best use of statistical tools to draw information from large quantities of data (over 200 terrabytes worth!). This has opened up new ways to make sense of large quantities of data from satellites, other sensors and weather stations, to make better predictions on growing environments for agriculture. This in turn allows for tailored recommendations on how farmers should schedule their planting, and on the types and quantities of inputs to use (such as fertilisers, pesticides, etc.).
The Congress had special sessions on "disruptive technologies" based on mobile computing which enabled rice farmers to diagnose problems in their fields, to make decisions on farm practices like how much fertiliser to apply and what type of pest control to practice, and also for farmers to procure services like crop insurance.
A direct benefit to Singapore is the use of AWS by a Singapore-based company together with digital technologies such as environmental sensors (for temperature, humidity, etc.) to provide recommendations on ideal inputs within indoor farms. These recommendations are then automatically implemented by computers. Altogether, this phenomenon has become known as the 'Internet of Things' in agriculture.
Changes in Major Rice-Producing Countries: China and India
The forum also provided insights on new ways by which major rice-producing countries were seeing the agricultural sector. China, which is among the largest producers, consumers and importers of rice, no longer focuses on maximising rice production alone. Instead, and perhaps necessarily given global economic uncertainties, it is focusing on boosting revenues earned from rice production, as shared by Qifa Zhang of Huazhong Agricultural University. In fact, he laid out the 'road for value increase of rice', which included greening, safety, palatability (from using less fertilisers), and nutrition, altogether allowing for an increase in the value of rice to more than RMB 25 (USD 3.6) per kilo.
Looking towards the world's largest rice exporter, India, Ashok Gulati, former Chairman of India's Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) noted that the country would still need to manage its domestic resources to obviate its dependence on aid in times of crises.
That was why it is important to have buffer stocks for rice for those times when demand exceeded production. He also stressed the difference in attitude towards self-sufficiency rice targets by large countries in comparison to small countries which can import relatively small amounts from the world market. While the amount of rice traded globally has increased much in the past decade to almost 50 million tonnes, it is still insufficient to meet the needs of large countries. Hence large rice-consuming countries continue to stress self-sufficiency targets.
Rice Innovations – by Singapore?
AVA, the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and Enterprise Singapore, jointly organised 'Rice for the Future: A Singapore Perspective', at a side-event alongside the Congress. Singapore-based research entities showcased what they learned from the viewpoint of biotechnology.
Nanyang Technological University's Professor Oliver Mueller-Cajar, for instance, presented how heat-resistance can be improved in rice, while National University of Singapore Professor Prakash Kumar showed results of multiple projects funded by a SGD 10 million grant that also looked at making rice more tolerant to insect pests and salt water intrusion (salinity), to boost growth performance under varying environmental conditions.
Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory's senior scientist, Dr Naweed Naqvi, explained that there are tradeoffs between rice growth, and defence against environmental stressors, given that plants have limited metabolic resources (energy) which are used for both activities. He then showed how he used precision engineering in his laboratory, to surface the compounds needed for boosting stress resistance.
Related to this is the presentation by Dr Yin Zhongchao on 'Temasek Rice', a breed which the company sells to boost productivity in the region, such as in Indonesia. Whereas average yields in Indonesia are at 5.4 tonnes per hectare, the average yield of Temasek Rice was 6.3 tonnes per hectare, with one province even having more than 8 tonnes per hectare.
In a Plenary Keynote, Sunny Verghese showed how a Singapore-based company like OLAM, can play a role in rice production and rice trade, as well as influencing the global discourse on the role of agriculture in sustainable development, and to adapt to fast-changing growing environments for rice.
Even as rice yield gains from status quo technologies have already started to plateau, Singapore's Minister of National Development, Mr Lawrence Wong, emphasised that innovations were needed to achieve needed rice yields of 25% from 2010 to 2030. If no action is taken to address environmental risks such as heat stress and droughts, rice prices could increase by as much as 30% come 2050, thus hurting consumers.
A novelty of the IRC 2018 was bringing together diverse actors such as multinational crop solution providers like Bayer and Corteva Agriscience; producing companies like Golden Sunland; agribusiness companies like Olam; universities from China; the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO); irrigation provider, Jains Irrigation; and human-rights based NGO, Oxfam, among others.
Its success will be measured by how this 'Whole-of-Society' engagement can translate to active multi-stakeholder partnerships aimed towards leveraging innovative technologies and societal approaches in addressing food security concerns amid a rapidly changing environment.
Jose Montesclaros is Associate Research Fellow at the Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore where Professor Paul Teng is Adjunct Senior Fellow. Paul Teng formerly held leadership positions at The WorldFish Centre, The International Rice Research Institute and Monsanto Company.
Categories: Commentaries / Country and Region Studies / Non-Traditional Security / East Asia and Asia Pacific / Global / South Asia / Southeast Asia and ASEAN
Categories: Commentaries / Country and Region Studies / Non-Traditional Security
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The International Rice Congress (IRC) 2018 held in Singapore, 15-17 October 2018, provided new insights and refreshing ideas on how the rice value ...


text:
OverviewCL 4MATIC: Luxury CL 500 Coupé with all-wheel drive for first timeImproved aerodynamics, lightweight construction, tyres and drive technology: BlueEFFICIENCY in the C-Class Fuel consumptionMercedes-Benz at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show: New products covering eight model series: Mercedes-Benz cuts fuel consumption Mercedes-Benz SL-Class: The new-generation SL-Class: sportier than ever beforeMercedes-Benz Viano: The name says it all: the Viano X-CLUSIVE special modelThe new Mercedes-Benz CLC: Sports Coupé with high fun factorThe new-generation CLS: Fine-tuning for the design trendsetterThe new-generation SLK: More powerful, more economical, more intense: rediscovering roadster driving pleasureVision GLK BLUETEC HYBRID: Compact off-roader study with ultra-clean drive technology
The new-generation SLK: More powerful, more economical, more intense: rediscovering roadster driving pleasure
New front and rear with sportier character
New sports engine and ingenious direct-steer system
The Mercedes-Benz SLK-Class roadsters have long captured the hearts of sports car enthusiasts. Following an extensive facelift programme incorporating around 650 newly developed components, the new-generation SLK models are going on show to a European public for the first time in Geneva. They are now more dynamic than ever and offer an even more emotionally charged driving experience.
Since their first appearance in 1996, the compact SLK roadsters have come to symbolise Mercedes-Benz' dynamic brand image. Already a familiar sight on our roads, the second-generation two-seater is now being further enhanced with the implementation of a raft of measures, the aim being to further emphasise the car's sporty character and continue the SLK-Class success story by introducing new dynamic and powerful elements. Some 310,000 first-generation roadster models were sold between 1996 and 2004. And around 185,000 customers – some 60, 000 of them in Germany alone – have already purchased the second-generation model since its launch in March 2004 (figures at year-end 2007). This means that total unit sales of the SLK roadster now stand at around the half-million mark.
The new-generation SLK blazes a trail of new sporty highlights, bestowing yet greater appeal on this thriving two-seater with the trendsetting vario-roof that transforms the car from a roadster into a weatherproof coupé in a matter of seconds.
Striking character: more pronounced V-shape at front and diffuser-style rear
The designers have honed the looks of the cult two-seater for added sportiness. Eye-catching features include the new-look front bumper with a modified air-dam arrangement and a more pronounced arrow shape. Plus the area around the Mercedes star has been restyled to give it a more striking look. The tail end has also been remodelled by the design team, with the diffuser-look styling at the bottom giving the roadster an even more powerful appearance from the rear too. This is further emphasised by the trapezoidal exhaust tailpipes and the AMG-inspired darkened tail lights. The exterior mirrors now have LED indicator repeaters with a pronounced arrow shape, and also have a larger mirror area. The range of light-alloy wheels is also almost entirely new.
High-quality cockpit and new three-spoke sports steering wheel
Many of the interior's details have undergone remodelling too, and the interior has been refined as a whole by meticulous material selection. Particular care was taken to optimise the interior in such a way as to make it that much more driver-focused again. Centrepieces include a new three-spoke sports steering wheel with multifunction buttons as well as a new instrument cluster with intriguing-looking dial bezels.
New "gullwing red" leather appointments will now be available, which are reminiscent of the interior appointments in the legendary 300 SL gullwing model. Further new additions include nappa leather appointments in "natural beige", which complement the new "pale burr walnut" and "black ash grain" wood trims perfectly.
Enhanced audio and telematics systems
Mercedes-Benz is installing the new generation of audio and telematics componentry in the SLK too for the first time. This boasts improved user friendliness together with even more handy functions. Standard features integrated in every radio include a hands-free facility using Bluetooth technology, plus – as an option – a new media interface in the glove compartment, which enables mobile audio devices such as the iPod to be fully integrated into the audio system and operated from its control panel.
The switch to the new telematics generation also sees Mercedes-Benz offering the optimised LINGUATRONIC voice control system, renowned for its outstanding operation, as an option for the SLK-Class for the first time.
Voluminous surround sound even with the roof down
Passengers can enjoy a unique listening experience, regardless of whether the vario-roof is open or closed, thanks to the optionally available Harman Kardon® Logic7® sound system. The passenger compartment is filled by a rich surround sound for crystal-clear listening pleasure of an unprecedented standard for a roadster.
High-revving sports engine: added power and far lower fuel consumption
Making a mighty contribution to the sporty billing of the new-generation SLK are three reengineered drive units, which all make their mark with lower fuel consumption, resulting in reduced CO2 emissions. Both the four-cylinder engine in the SLK 200 KOMPRESSOR and the six-cylinder sports engine in the SLK 350 benefit from a substantial increase in output and torque. The SLK 55 AMG retains its familiar engine – an eight-cylinder unit that has lost none of its mesmerising performance capability and remains a unique selling point in the SLK segment.
The Mercedes-Benz engineers devoted particular attention to the V6 sports engine with high-revving concept, which is also being fitted in the new-generation SLK. By performing a major overhaul of the engine's mechanics, the engineers have succeeded in giving the V6 unit a completely new lease of life. Although the displacement remains the same at 3498 cc, the engine now musters up 224 kW/305 hp at 6500 rpm – some 24 kW (33 hp) more than its predecessor. The peak torque has also been boosted, by 10 Nm, and now stands at 360 Nm when the engine is running at 4900 rpm.
This has been achieved by raising the rev speed limit to 7200 rpm, at the same time as increasing the compression ratio, fitting a new intake manifold and making extensive modifications to the valve gear.
The new engine also strikes a far more emotive-sounding note after being deliberately tuned to deliver resonant sports engine acoustics, with overrun mode producing a particularly emotion-stirring sound. In combination with the 7G‑T RONIC automatic transmission, the engine management system furthermore triggers an automatic double-declutching function during downshifts - not only does this create a very sporty soundtrack, it helps to limit load-alteration effects too.
Yet despite its higher power output and such high-calibre performance, fuel consumption in the SLK 350 has been cut by a sizeable margin. With the six-speed manual transmission on board, combined fuel consumption is just 9.5 litres per 100 km, a remarkable reduction of 1.1 litres per 100 km; if the 7G-TRONIC automatic transmission is fitted, the sports engine limits itself to a mere 9.2 litres of fuel for every 100 km on the combined cycle - 0.9 litres less than previously. The cut in fuel consumption also lowers CO2 emissions by 23 g/km to 219 g/km on the automatic model (manual: 227 g/km, a reduction of 28 g/km).
Choice of three further engines
Following the facelift, the engine line-up for the second generation of the successful SLK-Class will comprise three further variants:
The output of the four-cylinder supercharged engine has been boosted by 15 kW/21 hp (to 135 kW/184 hp), while its torque has been increased from 240 to 250 Newton metres. Combined fuel consumption has dropped by 1.0 litre to 7.7 litres per 100 km. This in turn reduces CO2 emissions by 27 g /km to 182 g/km.
The SLK 280 has also undergone further improvement with respect to fuel economy and therefore CO2 emissions. Fuel consumption has dropped by 0.4 litres to 9.3 litres/100 km (automatic: ‑0.2 litres to 9.1 litres/100 km) and CO2 emissions by 11 g to 220 g/km (automatic: -6 g to 216 g/km).
The SLK 55 AMG is equipped with the familiar 5.5-litre V8 powerplant developing 265 kW/360 hp and a peak torque of 510 Newton metres.
The three new models in the SLK range all come with a precision six-speed manual gearshift. The SLK 55 AMG retains the 7G-TRONIC Sport seven-speed automatic transmission. The optional extras available include a five-speed automatic transmission for the SLK 200, as well as the 7G-TRONIC seven-speed automatic transmission or, alternatively, the 7G-TRONIC Sport with shift paddles on the steering wheel for the six-cylinder SLK 280 and SLK 350 sports engine models.
New direct-steer system for outstanding agility and tangible fun at the wheel
A newly developed direct-steer system with variable power assistance that elicits the very best from the suspension's sporty capabilities is optionally available (standard on the SLK AMG 55). It combines agility and manoeuvrability on twisting country roads with light steering forces when parking and assured steering characteristics at high speeds.
The direct-steer system is derived from the previous speed-sensitive power steering and operates purely mechanically. This dispenses with the need for elaborate actuator units and complex sensors, which would otherwise impair the flow of forces between the wheels and hands, thereby compromising steering precision. At the heart of the system is a new rack with ingeniously devised gearing, which ensures that the steering gear ratio changes in tune with the steering angle. In and around the central position, the steering has an indirect ratio for good straight-line stability, resulting in tremendous assuredness when travelling at high speeds. At a steering angle of just 5 degrees, the ratio starts to increase very rapidly and the steering feels much more direct. As a result, the number of steering wheel turns from lock to lock is reduced by around 25 per cent with the new direct-steer system. Consequently, relatively small turns of the steering wheel are sufficient for changing course when driving in city traffic. Fast sequences of bends on rural roads, on the other hand, can be negotiated almost intuitively with relatively small steering movements – with assurance, precision and a healthy dose of driving pleasure.
Visually enhanced SLK 55 AMG
On a technical level, the SLK 55 AMG remains almost unchanged. The only differences are a few visual enhancements. The front end of the AMG model now features a new apron with a black-painted transverse fin and side air outlets, as well as darkened headlamps.
Shelfnumber Legend Release date


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Cabana Beach takes a boat filled with party people to Fuik Day this year where they will host their own area with local and international DJ's.
Fuik Dag is Curaçao's yearly recurring boat party in Fuik Bay on the first Sunday of the year with boats, booze and DJ's.
Cabana Beach kicks off the 2019 party season with an XL party on the beach.
The popular Dutch hip hop concept "Meisjes Blijven Meisjes" (Girls will be Girls) comes to Curaçao to party on Parasasa Beach!
Dutch Hip Hop group Broederliefde brings the party to Kleine Werf with a special show together with a live band.


The holy Eucharist is a priceless gift, essential to our identity as Catholics and central to our life as church.
Of all the gifts God has given to us, there is none so filled with grace as this one gift of the Eucharist celebrated at each holy Mass.
The Eucharist holds within itself the church's entire spiritual wealth: the fullness of Christ himself. The other sacraments, like every other ministry of the church and every other work of the apostolate, are irrevocably tied to the holy Eucharist and have it as their beginning and their end.
This clear and yet mysterious faith of the church in the Eucharist makes us all that we are and hope yet to be.
What, then, are we? What do we Catholics believe about this priceless, essential and central gift? What is the Eucharist for us?
We believe that the Eucharist is who is on the altar. But the Eucharist is also who is around the altar and beyond the altar.
We believe that the bread and wine, through the words of Christ and the power of the Holy Spirit, become Christ's body and blood.
We believe that the Lord, knowing his hour had come to leave this world, instituted the Eucharist as the memorial of his death and resurrection. We believe he commanded his apostles to celebrate it until his return, thereby constituting them as priests of the New Testament.
We believe that this awesome mystery stretches even to our place and our time when the priest takes bread in his hands, takes a cup of wine in his hands and says the words of consecration. We believe that, while the ordinary elements remain, an extraordinary difference has taken place through the invocation of the Holy Spirit. The ordinary elements of bread and wine have been totally and absolutely transformed into the very body and blood of Christ.
While the single voice of the priest proclaims the words of consecration, the whole Eucharistic prayer also has a larger meaning. It is the prayer of the whole assembly. It expresses praise, reconciliation, remembrance and intercession. It is the prayer through which the Holy Spirit transforms people as well as gifts.
The meaning of the Eucharistic prayer is even larger still. It reaches those who are beyond the altar by means of those who are around the altar. It gives rise to ecumenism, evangelization, missionary activity and stewardship.
The parish is the usual place where all the faithful gather for the Sunday celebration of the Eucharist. "The parish initiates the Christian people into the ordinary expression of the liturgical life: It gathers them together in this celebration; it teaches Christ's saving doctrine; it practices the charity of the Lord in good works and brotherly love."
"Participation in the communal celebration of the Sunday Eucharist is a testimony of belonging and being faithful to Christ and to his church. The faithful give witness by this to their communion in faith and charity. Together they testify to God's holiness and their hope of salvation. They strengthen one another under the guidance of the Holy Spirit."
The priest will always remain essential to the Eucharist, therefore, and will always be an important gift to the church. In our day many dioceses have begun to study the different look of this gift in the church. Conditions have changed, as is evidenced by the declining number of priests, as is evidenced by the growing and shifting of our populations. Many dioceses have given sustained thought to these changed conditions so that the celebration of the Sunday Eucharist may be made as widely available as possible.
—Promotion and recruitment of vocations to the priesthood.
—Continuing formation of lay ministers.
—Reduction in Masses of convenience.
—Distribution of Holy Communion and the worship of the Eucharist outside Mass.
—A blurring of the difference between the celebration of the Eucharist and the reception of Communion.
—A blurring of the distinction between a priest and a deacon or a nonordained minister presiding over Communion service.
—A blurring of the relationship between pastoral and sacramental ministry.
—A blurring of the connection between the Eucharist and the works of charity and justice.
—A blurring of the need for priests and therefore a blurring of the continual need for vocations.
—A blurring of the linkage between the local church and the diocesan and universal church that is embodied in the person of the parish priest.
These implications give us pause in approving the distribution of Holy Communion outside Mass on Sundays. Such practice could well contribute to the erosion of our many-sided belief in the Eucharist. It is for this reason that we restrict such services to emergencies only. And by that, we mean unforeseen circumstances when a priest is not available. We recognize that this policy calls some of the faithful to sacrifices and hardships that match those of our ancestors in the faith.
Where great distances impose unreasonable sacrifices and hardships, an exception to this policy may be made by the local bishop. Such an exception is rooted in the universal law of the church.
In this context it may be helpful to recall the role of the priest beyond word and sacrament. The priest is not just a functionary who consecrates the Eucharist, pours water, anoints with oil or absolves the penitent, important as these functions are. He is not just a circuit rider who offers Mass and celebrates the sacraments.
He is also a builder of the communion of the faithful, a co-worker with the bishop in building up the diocesan church and a symbol of the universal church in the particular parish. He is not only one who sanctifies, he is also one who proclaims the Gospel. He is not only an administrator, he is also a shepherd who serves the cause of human dignity. He is none of these things alone, of course. Nor is he any of these first, of course. He comes to these, as we all come to these, by way of the family, and often by way of a parish family in which the seeds of his calling were first sown by a small band of laypersons or religious men and women.
To know the history of the faith in Kansas is to give thanks to God for the generosity of the priests, lay women and men, and dedicated religious of our dioceses. An awareness of this history gives us a profound appreciation for the working of the Holy Spirit, who inspires all the baptized to a more conscious placing of their gifts, talents and charisms at the service of their brothers and sisters. There is nothing better than a gift carefully acknowledged and freely given for others. The result is a source of untold blessings and an immeasurable enrichment for the church and for the entire human family.
We now call ourselves and all the faithful to preserve and to promote the prime place of the Sunday Eucharist in our lives as Catholics. We echo the Second Vatican Council in calling all Catholics to a full, active and conscious participation in the Eucharistic worship.
May the Lord who has begun this good work in us bring it to fulfillment, making us one body in the body of Christ.
Given on June 18, the solemnity of Corpus Christi, 1995.
1 <Catechism of the Catholic Church>, 2179.
3 Code of Canon Law, Canon 1248.2. Holy Communion may be given outside of Mass with the celebration of the Word (see Congregation for Divine Worship, "Holy Communion Outside of Mass," 16 (June 21, 1973) and "Directory for Sunday Celebrations in the Absence of a Priest" (June 2, 1988). The faithful should be instructed carefully that even when they receive Communion outside Mass, they are closely united with the sacrifice which perpetuates the sacrifice of the cross (see "Holy Communion Outside of Mass,"15).
Issued on June 18, 1995.


Ordering food online, is it reliable?
In recent several years, ordering meal online has become quite popular in China. The majority of customer is young people, like students, office workers. Ordering meal online is very convenient, because you do not have to cook yourself or leave your house to restaurants. It's time-saving. Meals are various, including fast food, snack and so forth. I used to eat in this way when I was a senior student in university. I was busy with my dissertation. Except that it was really slow sometimes, I felt good. However, is it reliable to order meals online?
The market of online meal service has become more competitive. Eleme, Meituan, Baidu are three famous services currently, like Justeat in UK. Eleme has expanded to over 260 cities in China. It corporates with near 300 thousands of businesses. The total number of its customer has increased to 40 million. The industry has developed rapidly. The problems have also been discovered.
According to Food Safety Law of The PRC (2015), food suppliers must have the food licence, which means the quality of food products has been guaranteed. However, it was reported that near 60 proportion of businesses does not have the food licence; many have fake licence; less than 20 proportion of businesses has valid licence. Since the competitive market, in order to earn more profits, network platforms do not obey the law. A food license should be required when a new merchant registers on the website. However, some network platform workers go to small alleys to recruit small businesses which do not hold the licence, so as to increase the number of customers. This is mainly caused by reward and punishment system of network platforms. It could reflect the circumstance of the market. To some extent, the expansion of market is regarded as the most important, regardless of whether a business is eligible. The condition of these restaurants is quite worrying. Some online platforms stipulate business must have real restaurant where people can sit in and have meals, while lots of platforms do not have relevant rules. Many registered businesses do not have real restaurants. They only have a kitchen where they prepare meals for customers. Basically these places are small; cooking facilities are simple and crude; sanitary condition is poor. Many places locate in small alleys where the surround is very messy.
Food Safety Law of The PRC has been revised and become more rigorous. Why is this field problematic? Both platforms and the government did not take effective actions. Online platforms should take the main responsibility of the supervision of registered businesses. They should obey the food safety law strictly. They account for an increasing proportion of food industry. Under the severe situation of food safety, they need to be aware that only if they guarantee the quality of food can they develop stably. The platform need to appoint specific local department to supervise the quality of food. For example, when customers complain about food issues of online meal businesses, the specific department should tackle this. Otherwise, departments will shirk their responsibility. They do not want to deal with these issues.
As for the government, Food and Drug Administration and local authorities (local food and drug administration) is responsible for this field. It is similar with online platforms' management. In many places, it does not appoint specific department within the administration to supervise online meal service. The Administration must pay more attention to this.
There are also many online platforms in UK. Justeat, originated from Denmark, currently it is the most popular online meal service in the United Kingdom. Other services include Hungry House, Domino's Pizza, Pizza Hut. These websites mainly provide fast food, like fish and chips, pizza, chicken, kebab, sushi, Chinese food.
In UK, basically, online meal providers have real restaurants. As it was mentioned, there are lots of Chinese online restaurants which merely have a kitchen for cooking. Generally, if one restaurant only has a kitchen, there always has hygiene problems. Most of these restaurants locate in small alleys. Not only the surround is messy, but also the place inside is dirty. These businesses cannot meet the hygiene standard.
In China, the mess circumstance of online food service has been criticized. Many small kitchens have been exposed because of hygiene problems. This has increased the burden on regulating the food safety issue in China. The public become worried about the quality of meals ordered online. In UK, there are few food safety issues of online meals than China. Fast-Food & Home-Delivery Outlets Report indicates that main health issues of take away foods are obesity and diabetes . Burgoine states that the exposure of take away outlets can increase the possibility of obesity.
Food Standard Agency is a unique department in UK. It is responsible for protecting public health in relation to food. There is a programme, Food Hygiene Rating Scheme. It is deployed by Food Standard Agency. This scheme evaluates the hygiene circumstance of all places where people eat, like restaurants, pubs, cafes, takeaways, hotels, food shops. Local authorities cooperate with FHRS. FHRS has detailed elements to check the producing environment of businesses and then give a rating to them. People can search ratings of take away businesses on the food standard agency website. It is more meaningful for online customers. There are countless restaurants which can be chosen online. FHRS enables people to select a reliable restaurant and prevent themselves from problematic ones. In China, Food Safety Law is executed less completely. The supervision of take away field (even the whole food industry) is poor. Food and drug administration did not take effective measures to deal with hygiene problems. People cannot judge the hygiene standard of business on the ordering website, which only have brief introduction of business and modified pictures of meals.
Customers' health is closely related to online meal businesses. It is very easy to order a meal online, while it is hard to guarantee the quality of the take away food. It can be seen that there is a large disparity between China and UK. Chinese government should learn UK's experience and find out strategies suit for China's situation. The government should regulate it effectively in a short term. Otherwise, there will be more illegal online restaurants, and more people's health will be threatened. Additionally, this is a new food industry. It is easier to regulate now, or the circumstance might become more complicated. It will be more difficult to make changes.
This is an interesting and popular topic. Due to the sense of convenience, ordering food online becomes accepted by more and more public. In the meantime, the health problem which associate with it would be ignored. This blog is good to analyze the realistic problems, particularly in comparing with that in UK. There will be strongly positive sense to correct understanding of ordering food online by public.
Yes, next time we order online, we should select some restaurants where we have eaten in. It's really unreliable to order a meal from a small businesses we have never heard of.
I think the key of online food order governance is that the management of the site has a timely and updated information. And the regulations should be updated to supervise the management of websites for its information authenticity and hygiene management of the restaurant.
Yes, I agree with you. Once the poor hygiene situation is updated in website, customers will notice this and the business knows that they must make some improvements. I think the government cannot ensure after they penalise the restaurants, whether they change it. So the updated information could help. But platforms, like Eleme, have to regulate really strictly, to make sure the staff will do this on time and not collude with businesses.


At FrenchCuffed we just make cufflinks that will make people happy and these Dragon Ball Vegeta Cufflinks are sure to bring a crazy envy from anyone that checks them out. These Dragon Ball Vegeta Cufflinks are customer favorites and the black and gold face of these cufflinks will add subtle individuality to any french cuffed shirt. Most importantly, these unique black and gold cufflinks make your french cuff a talking point, which sure is better than cufflinks that people want to forget.
If you are a fan of Son Goku, Japanese anime series, Grand Tour, or simply Dragon Ball Z, would you ever take them off? These cufflinks are sensational as a Secret Santa for the world's best Dad, whether that be for a complete set of groomsmen, something for the work place or just for a little bit of fun.


These cute little Romeo Bows are made of grosgrain ribbon with a unique bone print that looks great any time of year.
Aria™ Romeo Bows are a bright grooming accent that looks great on dogs of all sizes and personalities.
Unique bone-patterned grosgrain ribbon bows.
A spring clip backing for secure attachment.
Each bow measures 1¼" inches.


From Mike & Deborah Frane - Mike and Deborah Frane are proud of Rocket, GCH Brigade's Hi Hope Rocket MH (FC AFC Burford's Booked First Class x Maison De Chasse Magnifique). This was Rocket's third time in the ring as a Veteran Dog this year winning Best of Breed and Group 2 at the Lake Mathews Kennel Club Show under Judge, Mr. Sidney Marx. This was nice win for Rocket and his handler, Lauren Hay-Lavitt ranking him #11 in All Breed Standings.


Rod Brooks | Seeing the Edge | Blog > Experiencing a transformtaion.
It was about this time last year that I recommitted to what would become the third year of a journey toward a healthier life. For the majority of that time I was focused on moving more and eating less... or at least eating better. I developed better habits including daily walks and frequent lunches at the salad bar instead of the grill. Through it all, I was encouraged by a community of friends and family that applauded my successes and empathized with my setbacks. My blog pretty much documents it all.
Then, shortly after Labor Day in 2014, my wife and I committed to trying a nutrition system created world class formulator, John Anderson. His lineup of products was recommended by a friend with a promise of weight loss, stress reduction, renewed energy, and the prospect of feeling ten to twenty years younger.
Left: I wasn't feeling happy with myself at 325 pounds in September, 2011.
Right: In Decenber of 2014 I was down to 239 pounds and feeling re-energized and younger.
To good to be true? We thought so! So we did our research seeking answers about ingredients, outcomes, and potential unintended consequences. Everything we found checked out to our satisfaction. All we needed to do next was enroll as associates within the company, order the products, and put the new source of nourishment into our bodies. In just five days we knew our decision was a great one. Our only regret was that we hadn't started sooner.
Now we're sharing our story and encouraging friends and family to give it a try. All of the promises are coming true for us. We're feeling the best that we have in years and we'd like the same for you in the coming year.
If you're making a resolution to lose weight, build strength, or improve your financial freedom in 2015, get in touch with me. It's very possible that I've got the answer to all three.
For more about my year in review click here or browse the entries in the Healthy Edge section of my blog. I hope to hear from you.


text:
TÍU
US IS 2022 48'
⚬ Arts & Culture ⚬ Music
TÍU (TEN) is a music documentary short celebrating Of Monsters And Men's 10 year anniversary of their inaugural album, "My Head is an Animal." To mark the occasion, the band traveled to remote locations in their home country of Iceland during the pandemic, playing a handful of songs that had been writing over the last 10 years but had not made it onto any of their 3 previously released albums, and performed these songs in a variety of locations that have special meaning to each of them. It's an intimate look into their lives as a band, and as Icelanders and is a testament to their enduring friendship and creative legacy.
Heather Kolker
Nanna Bryndís Hilmarsdóttir, Ragnar Þórhallsson, Arnar Rósenkranz Hilmarsson, Kristján Páll Kristjánsson, Brynjar Leifsson
Moriah Berger, Stella Rosenkranz
Dean Deblois, Ninna Pálmadóttir
Elliot Sellers
Bjarni Thor Jennsson
Reykjavik IFF 2022
Runtime 48'
Spoken Languages English, Icelandic
Production Country USA, Iceland
Dean DeBlois is a Canadian writer/director, best known for the Academy Award®-nominated animated films LILO & STITCH and the HOW TO TRAIN YOUR DRAGON trilogy. On the side, DeBlois has a fondness for directing music-driven films, including Sigur Rós: HEIMA, Jónsi's GO QUIET and now, Of Monsters And Men's TÍU. DeBlois lives in Los Angeles and Reykjavík.


text:
Q: ATI driver on 12.10 To begin with - I've searched other questions with no luck.
So: I've got a 12.10 and trying to set ATI drivers using this tutorial.
After installing and rebooting I've got a blank desktop and used this:
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx*
to get back, but nothing happened! I'm stuck with this empty desktop.
What can I do to get back to open source drivers?
lspci -vvnn | grep VGA tells me that I have Mobility Radeon HD 4500/5100 series card.

A: I'd try the AMD web site direct.
http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/legacy/Pages/legacy-radeon_linux.aspx
Every time they update the Kernel you have to re install the drivers. It's a pain. But running their drivers means you simply run their package and its pretty much one step process.


text:
Het seizoen 1955/1956 was het tweede jaar in het bestaan van de IJmuidense betaald voetbalclub VSV. De club kwam uit in de Eerste klasse A en eindigde daarin op de vierde plaats, dit betekende dat de club in het nieuwe seizoen uitkwam in de Eerste divisie.

Wedstrijdstatistieken

Eerste klasse A

Statistieken VSV 1955/1956

Eindstand VSV in de Nederlandse Eerste klasse A 1955 / 1956

Topscorers

Zie ook
 VSV
 Eerste klasse A seizoen 1955/56

Voetnoten

 1955/56
VSV

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Dakine Foundation travel backpack is smartly divided into three zippered compartments. The Foundation includes a roomy main compartment, a large front organizer pocket, and a zip-down TSA compliant laptop sleeve that puts the days of haphazardly separating out your laptop at security screenings in the past. The padded flat bottom design keeps this pack upright, while the comfortable breathable foam backpanel provides cool comfort when hustling across a busy terminal.