text:
In: Historical Events
Submitted By Ubelmi
Current Event Somalia
Historically known for having one of the most popular trading ports in Africa. Somalia lies on the East African coast of the Indian Ocean bordering Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Kenya. Over 80% of the country's population is ethnic Somalis of Afro-Asiatic descent. Somalia has a rich history of poetry and is believed to be the first region Camels were domesticated. It is also one of the first areas of Africa were Islam was adopted. A sea full of fish and land full of natural resources one would assume this coastal country would be one of the thriving African nation states in the 21st century; those assumptions were valid a few decades ago. With the push of democracy and the pressure of Western Powers to eliminate authoritarian leader Siad Barre, eventually caused a civil war beginning in the early 90's. Mogadishu was named the most dangerous city in the world year after year. Many Somalis fled to neighboring Kenya or to North America and Europe. The other numerous millions were abandoned by the world having to deal with civil war, droughts, and famine. Numerous failed attempts of legitimate political leaders gaining power lead to a radical Islamic Militant group rise.
Al-Shabaab has been reigning terror in Somalia and neighboring East African for near a decade. With the recent push for democracy in Somalia, a western backed election resulted in a victory for Hassan Sheikh Mohamud in 2012. President Mohamud became president backed up by the world powers and the African union. His main mission was vocalized from the day he stepped into office. His missions were to revive the failed nation state of Somalia, and to remove the existence of the radical Islamic group Al-Shabaab. Al-Shabaab may not have the presence they've had in the past in the capital of Mogadishu, but they are without doubt still in well existence. The same group responsible for the Westgate mall attack a year ago in neighboring, Nairobi, Kenya, have also been carrying out numerous cowardly attacks in Somalia. Though most Somali nationals are against this radical militant group, some do support them. The ones who do support Al-Shabaab believe the African union troops are committing unethical acts in Somalia. A report surfaced early this month about the AU. "African Union soldiers stationed in Somalia have raped and sexually exploited women and girls on their military bases, Human Rights Watch says in a new report. The report released Monday accuses soldiers of working through Somalia go-betweens to use a variety of ploys, such as humanitarian aid, to force women and girls to have sex as well as to sexually assault women who came to the bases seeking medical help or water." (Mullen & Karikari) These reports are devastating for the African Union who are suppose to be in Somalia assisting the government on the plague Al-Shabaab has caused Somalia. The Somali government issued a Statement. "The government condemns all forms of abuse against the Somali people and remains committed to ensuring perpetrators of any crime against its civilians are brought to justice. The government will lead a rigorous and prompt investigation into the allegations with all stakeholders and necessary action will be taken as required." (Mullen & Karikari) With the AU and Somali government taking no action on these allegations it could cause some people who were siding with them to possible lean towards Al-Shabaab.
The AU and Al-Shabaab have been involved in a decent amount of conflict this month. Around the same time reports of rape allegedly committed by the AU, Al-Shabaab was attacking the AU. " Somali Islamist militants ambushed African Union peacekeeping troops in southwestern Somalia. The militants attacked a convoy carrying Ethiopian AU troops in two locations between the towns of Qansahdheere and Burdhoo, The African troops eventually stopped the attack and secured the area." ( Nor & Hanna) This month of September has been very eventful for the two sides conflicting in Somalia. While the AU is on the ground defending, the USA and western powers are using their technological advanced warfare on Al-Shabaab. This was also the same warfare that took out Al- Shabaab leader Godane. "The U.S. military said it killed Godane in a thunderous attack Monday. Godane had been at the helm since the group started a campaign of terror in East Africa, killing Somali officials, aid workers and others in spate of suicide bombings. Commandos flew in Monday and took the leader out with the help of drones and laser-guided missiles." (Nor & Hanna)
The exchanging of attacks continues in the month of September. While the AU is defending the ground and the Western Powers are weakening Al-Shabaab through intensive drone missions. With everything going on this month Al-Shabaab are still showing signs of somewhat strong existence. " A suicide bomber hit an African Union Mission in Somalia convoy on Monday, killing 16 people, Lower Shabelle Gov. Abdukadir Mohamed Sidi said. Sidi said the explosion destroyed two buses traveling behind the military convoy, which was transporting the governor as he traveled back from Mogadishu. The blast killed 16 civilians and injured 22 people, including two soldiers. The Al-Shabaab terrorist group claimed responsibility for the attack and said Americans and South Africans were among those killed. The bombing comes a week after a U.S. airstrike claimed the life of the group's leader, Ahmed Godane." (Nor) This war is not heavily media covered but without a doubt is going on. The back and forth attacks going on during this month of September are undeniable. With every attack Al-Shabaab commits the AU & U.S. strike back more intensively and strategically. " Al-Shabaab militants on Saturday shot dead the deputy chief of Somalia's anti-terrorism unity, Mohamed Qanuni, in a drive by shooting in Mogadishu, Police said." (Nor) Al-Shabaab like most other terrorist groups is quick to claim responsibility instantly of their attacks usually via web. They took responsibility of Qanuni's death instantly. " Today we gunned down the new deputy head of Somalia's Anti-Terrorism Unity Mohamed Qanuni, along other top official in broad daylight drive by shooting in Mogadishu our fighters, Abu Musab said in a statement posted on a pro Al-Shabaab website and on Radio Al Andalus." (Nor)
The beautiful country on the coast of East Africa has seen nothing but war and political conflict for the past two decades and counting. These events presented in this paper have all happened with in the last few weeks. Each side exchanging conflicts are not solving the situation nor is it making Somalia a stable or safe nation. Though the AU and the U.S. believe they are winning this war it is very visible Al-Shabaab is not going out without a strong fight. It is unknown how long the AU will remain in this area and it is unknown what will happen after they decide to leave. What is known is numerous innocent lives are being lost and a resolution for this conflict does not same near. These types of wars are not only being fought in Somalia, but also in Nigeria, Mali, and numerous other countries of Africa. Many radical militant groups have been rising to revolt against these western backed African nation states. With corruption and propaganda going on with in these nation states governments, it is to be believed that these radical militant groups won't be disappearing anytime soon.
Karimi, Faith, Journalist Omar Nor Reported from Mogadishu, Faith Karimi, Jason Hanna Wrote, and Reported In Atlanta. "Al-Shabaab Names Successor to Slain Leader; Somalia on High Alert." CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 18 Sept. 2014.
Mullen, Jethro, and Faith Karimi. "Rights Group: African Union Soldiers Raped, Exploited Somali Women, Girls." CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 18 Sept. 2014.
Nor, Omar, Faith Karimi, Jason Hanna, and Michael Pearson. "Suicide Bombing Kills 16, Somali Official Says." CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 18 Sept. 2014.
Nor, Omar. "Top Somali Anti-terrorism Officer Shot Dead in Mogadishu." CNN. Cable News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 18 Sept. 2014.
"Somalia Profile." BBC News. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2014.
...Somalia is a country with a history of violence, unrest, and strategic implications regarding counterterrorism for the United States (U.S.). Of particular interest is the Al Shabaab organization, an Islamic extremist group attempting to overthrow the United Nations (UN) sanctioned Transitional Federal Government (TFG). According to the National Counter-Terrorism Center, the group has exerted temporary and, at times, sustained control over strategic locations in southern and central Somalia by recruiting, at times forcibly, regional sub-clans and their militias, using guerrilla asymmetrical warfare and terrorist tactics against the TFG of Somalia and its allies, African Union (AU) peacekeepers, and Nongovernmental aid Organizations (NGO). Traditional warfare should not be considered an option as the threat faced does not constitute a conventional war where military forces are attempting to achieve strategic objectives against a recognized state. Commensurate to the threat, an Islamic extremist organization, irregular warfare strategies and capabilities are ideal in neutralizing these threats. The U.S., in support of the AU, is uniquely positioned to provide support through irregular warfare capabilities implemented by U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM). Although the Al Shabaab organization could be categorized as aninsurgency, it may not necessarily be feasible to approach the threatwith a counterinsurgency strategy. The organization does not appearto have the support of......
...Somali language Number of Speakers: According to Gordon (2005), approximately 13 million people speak Somali, but upwards of 25 million individuals are commonly estimated to speak the language. The exact number of speakers is unknown because of the recent civil wars and the resultant waves of migration. Key Dialects: There are three main dialects of Somali: Northern Somali, Benaadir (coastal Somali), and Af-Ashraaf (Ashraaf). Northern Somali is the primary dialect and is the basis for standard Somali. Geographical Center: Somalia and independent Somaliland (northern Somalia) GENERAL INTRODUCTION Somali is perhaps the best documented and most thoroughly studied Cushitic language. It is spoken by roughly eight million people in Somalia and independent Somaliland (northern Somalia), where it is the official language. Outside Somalia, it is spoken by approximately five million people in a number of countries, including Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Italy, Finland, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Speakers of Somali are typically multilingual in Arabic and Italian. Alternate names of the language are Af-Soomaali and Af-Maxaad Tiri. LINGUISTIC AFFILIATION Somali is an Eastern Cushitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Related languages include Afar and Oromo. LANGUAGE VARIATION There are three primary regional dialects of Somali: Northern Somali, Benaadir Somali, and Af-Ashraaf Somali. Northern Somali is...
...Soc 355: Minority Group Relations Somalia Presentation Paper When I walked into the presentation tonight I had no idea what to expect. I thought for a second it might be another presentation that just simply bores the audience with listing statistics of bullies in schools or dealing with discrimination that I would never come across or face. It was not though; the presentation was a real experience. In a sense, it could have been too real. Somalia is a country that is located on the far east of Africa. This country is in a region known as the "Horn of Africa". Somalia is in the center of what is said to be the worst drought in Africa in over 60 years. With most of the country side being couple empty and home to absolutely nothing, the region has been officially declared as one of the few famines areas in world history. There are currently over 10 million men, women and children that are desperate need of food and water. Over 600,000 children are in despair as their country fights poverty, drought, and civil war. There is no more grass in the fields. Farms are no longer filled with animals. There is no longer food for parents to provide to their children. There is no more water in wells. The countryside people are forced to abandon their homes, their cities, and their farms to make the treacherous voyage towards a refugee camp. They leave because they have absolutely nothing left. They leave on a path on foot that is faced with dangerous obstacles of facing wild......
...Aniela Santoso EIL 320 Section 6 October 15, 2014 The Solutions of Food Shortage in Somalia Africa, or as known as the Dark Continent, is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. Every time this continent is mentioned, usually we immediately think about extreme poverty, children's malnutrition, food and water shortage, also deadly diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Ebola. We only recognize the problem from the surface and just rely on humanitarian organization's aid. But in reality, people in Africa, especially in Somalia, have undergone a very serious problem of food shortage and famine for a long time and still depend on international's aid without helpful solution. In fact, Somalia has experienced a situation of acute malnutrition in more than 30 percent of children, at least two deaths per 10,000 people every day and access to less than four litres of water a day (CARE, 2012). Therefore, this paper will examine the possibly long-term solutions in economic, social, and political sectors to overcome the root of this problem. Food shortage in Somalia occurred as a result of natural and human factors. There are three major factors that cause this problem, which is dominated by human factors. First, Somalia has experienced civil war and political unrest as a result of the domination of an organization called Al Qaeda, which is led by Al Shahaab. Al Qaeda prohibited any deliveries of food aid from any organizations and agencies (Erdenemunkh, 2013). Second,...
...Somalia (/sɵˈmɑːliə/ so-mah-lee-ə; Somali: Soomaaliya; Arabic: الصومال aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia[1] (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya, Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفدراليةJumhūrīyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fidirālīyah), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. Somalia has the longest coastline on the continent's mainland,[6] and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.[3] Climatically, hot conditions prevail year-round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall.[7] Somalia has a population of around 10 million. Around 85% of residents are ethnic Somalis,[3] who have historically inhabited the northern part of the country. Ethnic minorities make up the remainder and are largely concentrated in the southern regions.[8] The official languages of Somalia are Somali and Arabic, both of which belong to the Afro-Asiatic family.[3] Most people in the country are Muslim,[9] with the majority beingSunni.[10] In antiquity, Somalia was an important commercial centre,[11][12] and is among the most probable locations of the fabled ancient Land of Punt.[13][14][15][16] During the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade, including the Ajuran Empire, the Adal Sultanate, the Warsangali Sultanate, and the Geledi Sultanate. In the late 19th century...
...Somalia has been without an effective central government since President Siad Barre was overthrown in 1991. Years of fighting between rival warlords and an inability to deal with famine and disease have led to the deaths of up to one million people. Comprised of a former British protectorate and an Italian colony, Somalia was created in 1960 when the two territories merged. Since then its development has been slow. Relations with neighbours have been soured by its territorial claims on Somali-inhabited areas of Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti. In 1970 Mr Barre proclaimed a socialist state, paving the way for close relations with the USSR. In 1977, with the help of Soviet arms, Somalia attempted to seize the Ogaden region of Ethiopia, but was defeated thanks to Soviet and Cuban backing for Ethiopia, which had turned Marxist. In 1991 President Barre was overthrown by opposing clans. But they failed to agree on a replacement and plunged the country into lawlessness and clan warfare. Continue reading the main story At a glance * Scene of Africa's worst humanitarian crisis: aid agencies warn that millions face starvation * No effective government since 1991 * Islamist militia and UN-backed transitional government compete for control of country * The self-proclaimed state of Somaliland and the region of Puntland run their own affairs Country profiles compiled by BBC Monitoring In 2000 clan elders and other senior figures appointed Abdulkassim Salat......
Piracy in Somalia
...Piracy in Somalia Somalia has been dealing with piracy for decades now. Piracy is a major problem in today's waters, but what exactly is piracy? Piracy is the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea. The piracy epidemic in Somalia is not going to go away overnight. Piracy in Somalia has drastically affected everything about the country. Piracy might now sound like a whole lot of a big deal, but the real fact is, it is a big deal. Solving such an issue as piracy is not an easy task by any means. To solve any issue one must understand the effects of the issue. The effect of Somalian piracy on the shores of Somalia can be fully understood, but it takes, time, patience and hard work. The Somalian pirates have caused untold mayhem on Somalia's environment, economy people, and the Government One of the biggest thing affected by the piracy in Somalia is the environment. Somali pirates are linked to illegal fishing and toxic waste dumping. As Saeed Shabazz puts it. Over fishing is a huge problem for Somalia right now. Not only is it a problem for them but also for the world. Since there is over fishing the fish populations in that area are deplenishing. The fish are not given enough time to reproduce causing less fish. Thus the effect of that is less food all around, which causes the Somalian pirates to move all along the shores of Somalia depleting the resources in the sea. Toxic waste dumping by the pirates in the sea is also another major problem. The waste the......
Security Stability in Somalia
...Security Stability in Somalia Since their indirect elections on September 12, 2012, and despite the fragile regional security situation of the Horn of Africa, Somalia has continued to experience significant and sustained progress towards security stability in their country. In order for Somalia to succeed as viable and trusted state, the United States (US) as well as the International Community should not allow another security stability failure in Somalia. The US and the International Community must focus on helping to sustain Somalia's efforts against the fight of the Al-Shabaab terrorist organization, help to counter piracy, and to help build capacity and capability in the Somali government and its institutions. While at the same time provide the support to attend Somali basic humanitarian aid needs and financial assistance. First, one of the reasons why the general security conditions in Somalia keep on improving is principally thanks to the sustained operations carried out against the Jihadist organization Al-Shabaab by the Somali national security forces in conjunction with the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), and with other associates and allied militias of the government. These operations are currently successful in managing to achieve the retreat of the Islamist radicals from some of the main cities of the south and center of the country. The sustainment of these operations will deteriorate Al-Shabaab operations capacity as a military force, promote the......
Irregular Warfare Strategy for Somalia
...struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant populations. I will discuss where the U.S. may apply military force in conjunction with other means of national power to stabilize the nation of Somalia. I will also discuss why it would be considered as an Irregular Warfare environment. Body Somalia gained its independence from British control in 1960, where the British relinquished control and gave Somalia to the United Nations. Somalia was governed by civilians until 1969; after which the military rebellion by General Muhammed Siad Barre took place. General Muhammed Siad Barre was a military tyranny that was in command of Somalia and it's military. His tyranny lasted over 2 decades. During the 1970s the United States government communicated with General Barre and donated over 100 million dollars to help stabilize the Somali economy. The United States knew it was within there best interest to keep General Barre in power of Somalia for a while. The United States also knew that by the late 1980s the Somali economy would be unable to sustain itself and foreign aid would be withdrawn. After the collapse of Somalia's economy, the United States revolted against General Barre's oppressive regime. Different warlords of Somalia fought together against General Barre, ending his power and forcing him to flee the country. The United States maintained the tyranny by supporting General Barre and his dictatorship because they had an agenda. They......
The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid in Somalia
...The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid in Somalia Rachel Gardner Professor Marco Mena Sociology of Developing Countries Strayer University 5/4/2014 The Effects of War and Peace on Foreign Aid Foreign aid plays a major role in the sustainability of economic and social activities of developing nations. Whether in the form of development or humanitarian aid, the foreign aid is key to ensuring better living conditions and economic development for these states. These forms of aid are influential in pushing for progress in among the developing nations, but the presence of war greatly affects progress. War has a bearing impact on the distribution of foreign aid in the developing nations due to the resulting impediments that hinder effective movements of the aid to the intended population. One such country is Somalia that has for decades faced civil war due to the lack of a stable government. The effect of the war is eminent; starving population, poor infrastructure, disease outbreaks and mass displacements of the country's citizens into refugee camps. However, the country has also received large amounts of foreign aid to assist it in addressing its current troubles, but due the continued prevalence of war in the country no substantial gain has been witnessed. Judging from countries facing similar conditions, it becomes apparent that key is vital for the effectiveness of foreign aid failure to which no significant development can occur. Peace is a key factor in......
...Somalia tends to be known for its poverty, upheaval and destructive past, there has up until recently been a lack of leadership or government, healthcare and economic growth. I hope to look more deeply into why all of this is and how it has affected Somalia. I will discuss how a healthy population affects the economy of Somalia. Also how the IMF and the world bank have helped or made various things worse and lastly what role leadership has played in improving the healthcare system in Somalia. There are so many things that come into play that have had devastating effects on Somalia like civil wars that lasted for years on end it seemed like. The International Monetary Fund is helping Somalia rebuild because Somalia has looked like a destruction zone for many years now. The IMF is building institutions and trying to restore security to cut down on warfare. Along with various financial institutions being built with the help of the International Monetary Fund. Since Somalia is rebuilding it has made it a point to have international relations which will help in Somalia becoming a great place and sustaining in the growth of Somalia. The IMF is focusing a lot on forming particular institutions that are very much needed in a place that has very poor infrastructure. Institutions like public institutions which will provide social and economic services for the people. The IMF has strived to gain international relations which they did which will help provide healthcare or medicine,......
Famine Case Study
... Examine causes and consequences of a recent famine. Since July 2011, Somalia has been hit with East Africa's worst drought in 60 years, with over 12 million people in east African region needing food aid, according to the UN. They have also warned that this drought and famine could cause death of over 750 000 people in Somalia. As it can be seen on Map 1, other countries around Somalia such as Djibouti, Kenya, and Ethiopia have been affected as well. The key on the map shows that the areas marked with dark red are areas affected the most. The UN officially declared famine on 20 July 2011 in southern Somalia. Since then, 4 more regions including the entire Bay region in Somalia were declared famine. Somalia has been affected by constant drought for the past 30 years, while having civil war causing destruction to its rural and urban economies. Somalia has been categorized as a "failed state". So what has caused them to become a failed state? Causes of this recent famine can be categorized into social, economic, and environmental. Somalia is also known as a failed state, a country without government. Besides the civil war they have had for the past 20 years, corrupted governments and lack of infrastructures. Firstly, Somalia has a corrupted government and lack of infrastructure. This prevents any form of aid group or government from transporting food and any other aid items. Also, the Somalia ordered 700 tons of corn from South Africa to help feed the people, but......
...and this is what I have to say. The Oromo people live in the Oromo and tigray areas as well as in Kenya(which part of Ethiopia is Oromo and Tigray regions?) But the Oromo people were originally from south Somalia (Where is your resource). Later on they migrated to Ethiopia and Kenya. Now the Oromo people live in what they call the Oromo country also known as biyya-Oromo. The Oromo people lived strictly by culture. But they are now coming out of that little shell(What is that mean) and opening the door to civilization (how did they live in earlier time, explain). Were (where) their language is slowly mixing with the Amharic language. The Oromo people use to live in small muddy tukuls, made of poop and straw, but are now slowly changing their way of life.(Can u write a little bit how this small muddy tukules made, the steps) They now have phones and electronics in their language even the internet offers that language. (Tutiye You need to write more about their culture, what most of them eat, The Oromo people believed in god waaq (Upper Case). (What is Waaq explain the ceremony) Elaburate more what it is) Waaq was on of those gods that existed in the Oromo tribe and also Somalia a while before the introduction of the Islam and Christian religion. In the Oromo and Somalia tribes no idols were worshiped except for waaq. Waaq was apparently very important to the Oromo tribe. When it comes to jobs the Oromo people still need some work and it is important that all......
Omalia State Failure, Piracy
...Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -- To obtain permission to use this article beyond the scope of your HeinOnline license, please use: https://www.copyright.com/ccc/basicSearch.do? &operation=go&searchType=0 &lastSearch=simple&all=on&titleOrStdNo=0042-6571 50TH ANNIVERSARY COMMEMORATIVE ESSAY Somalia: State Failure, Piracy, and the Challenge to International Law MARIO SILVA* Introduction .......................................................................................... I. T he Failed State ......................................................................... A . In General ........................................................................ B. Case Study: Somalia ........................................................ 1. Political Instability in Somalia ............................. 2. Economic Instability in Somalia .......................... 3. Humanitarian Challenges and Societal Instability in Somalia ............................................ II. P iracy ......................................................................................... A . In General ........................................................................ B. International Treaties and International Actions to Halt P iracy ............................................................................... 1. Actions Taken by the United Nations......
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Marjuana
...Somalia Ethel Ragland Strayer University Sociology of Developing Countries 300 Dr. Donna Robinson Sunday, February 01, 2015 Africa: Somalia Somalia has a population of about 1048,043 this evaluation was produced from the official census system taken by the Somalia government calculated in Somalia by the Nomads and refugee's movements in reaction to famine and world clan warfare. (July 2014 World Fact Book) This region is made up of 85% Somalia, 15% non-Somalia including 30,000 Arabs and Bantu people. Somalia has generally been allocated into three regions – Somaliland, Puntland and South Central Somalia. Resulting in the collapse of the SiadBarre regime (1969-91) the country descended into civil conflict with overwhelming consequences. These results has made gross domestic products and human development between the lowest in the world .Out of 170 countries Somalia is in the middle of the five least developed countries measured by 2012 Human Development Index. The pre-eminence of accustomed Clan- based system obstruct social cohesion and inescapable traditional practices, such as polygamy and forced marriages, exclusion of women from education and employment opportunities. In which will results in some of the worst gender equal opportunity indicators in the world. (World Bank.org......
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Rumors about Paul Pogba have reached an all-time high – with Italian Newspaper, La Gazzetta dello Sport, reporting that United have finally tabled their record-breaking offer.
The Italian Newspaper also reports that Juventus will complete their €90 million move for Gonzalo Higuaín after they receive money from the sale of Paul Pogba.
Carlo Laudisa, a journalist who works for La Gazzetta dello Sport, posted a tweet to provide an update on the whole situation. He tweeted that Pogba is very close to completing the United switch – with the Red Devils offering €100m + €24m (in bonus) for the French International.
The initial transfer fee would be €100 million (which would put him alongside Gareth Bale in the World's most expensive transfers) and €24 million in bonuses, depending on how Pogba will perform at the club.
Manchester United have been linked with the French International throughout the summer transfer window, as Jose Mourinho is determined to make Pogba his fourth and final major signing of this window.
Pogba spoke about Manchester United during a publicity event, where he explained that he has no regrets about leaving the Red Devils. The French International also stated that he is happy at Juventus, although he revealed that he learnt a lot in England.
"I think of Man United every day. I started there, training every day with big players. For me I am happy, I learn a lot. I thank Man United," said Pogba.
The 23-year-old's statement reveals that he has no hard feelings for the club that never gave him a fair chance to prove himself – thereby clearing all the doubts about a possible transfer.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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1 dead, 1 injured after small plane crashes onto shopping mall roof in Torrance
By Colleen ShalbyStaff Writer
A small plane crashed onto the roof of a Torrance shopping center Thursday after taking off from a nearby airport, the Federal Aviation Administration said.
Two people were on board. One person died and the other was critically injured and taken to a hospital, according to the Torrance Police Department.
7:54 PM, Sep. 19, 2019An earlier version of this report referred to Joey's Smokin' BBQ as Joe's Smokin' BBQ.
The single-engine Cessna 177 crashed under unknown circumstances shortly after departing from the Torrance Municipal Airport, FAA spokesman Ian Gregor said. There were no injuries reported on the ground.
The crash occurred around 12:15 p.m. at Rolling Hills Plaza in the 25300 block of Crenshaw Boulevard. Pamela Comstock, an employee of Request Mortgage, witnessed the crash from a balcony several feet away.
Comstock, who has worked in the area since 1995, said she's used to the noise of nearby planes. But the sound of this particular engine was different, she said, and she knew something was wrong almost immediately.
"I got up from my chair and I saw a shadow of it coming over the building," she said. "It kind of dropped out of the sky."
The plane crashed onto the roof of a hair salon and dangled over the building's edge, close to a delivery truck.
The shopping center, which also has a California Pizza Kitchen and Joey's Smokin' BBQ, was evacuated.
Comstock said she was trying to get back to work to take her mind off of the deadly incident.
"It's something you keep replaying in your head," she said. "It's something you can't unsee."
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Colleen Shalby
Colleen Shalby is a reporter for the Los Angeles Times. She previously worked at PBS NewsHour in Washington, D.C. She's a graduate of George Washington University and a native of Southern California.
7:54 PM, Sep. 19, 2019: An earlier version of this report referred to Joey's Smokin' BBQ as Joe's Smokin' BBQ.
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When you own a sewing machine, there is inevitably some maintenance that is required to keep her purring along.
Sewing machine cleaning sounds like such a daunting task. A total sewjo killer, right?
Just like you probably have a weekly beauty routine, the same applies to your sewing studio. A little weekly cleaning is the ticket to keeping your machine in tip top stitching shape. And, once you make it part of your routine, it won't feel like such sewjo killer anymore!
And while you're at it, why not clean your other essential piece of equipment – your iron? You know the metal piece you can't get through a single quilting session without? Let's show her some love and care too! If you own a Rowenta, it should be pretty easy.
Here's how I approach my studio maintenance.
The day I've selected is Sunday. It can be any day of the week, but for me, Sundays work perfectly. And the task is normally accompanied by a yummy hot cup of coffee, sounds good already, right?!
Start by setting your iron to the self-cleaning settings. If you own a Rowenta, you'll want to turn the dial ALL the way to this setting. And click over to this button on the steam setting.
While she's heating away, turn your attention to your machine.
Get your essential cleaning tools ready and lined up so you're not getting up a gazillion times throughout. I'm speaking from experience here! And nothing kills a mood quicker than having to hunt everything down.
Pipe Cleaners - you can either go for soft or hard bristles (mine are hard). They've even got these fancy ones.
With the iron heating away, get your screwdriver and start by removing the needle, the presser foot and then the sewing plate.
Very delicately start gathering the lint with the small cleaning brush. Take your time here. You don't want to push the lint further into your sewing machine. After every swipe, clean the brush on the paper towel you have at the ready.
For the tougher to reach nooks and crannies, my quilty friend Tiffany of Village Bound Quilts had the nifty idea to use a pipe cleaner. It works like a charm! The hubz picked up these pipe cleaners with slight grip to them and they are perfect at catching ALL the fuzz. I'm sure a regular one works just fine too.
You'll be amazed at how much lint you'll have accumulated on your paper towel once you've thoroughly passed the brush and pipe cleaner over the entire inner workings of your sewing machine.
Don't forget to also give the needle shaft a good wipe with the brush too. It's amazing how the fuzz just gets everywhere!
You'll want to give your presser foot and bobbin a good cleaning too.
Now, with all the fuzz gone, you can start putting things back together. Start with putting the sewing plate back on, making sure to screw everything back in nice and secure. Then, I take the opportunity to change my needle, before I put my presser foot back in place.
Once I have my bobbin back in, I then spray one shot of the sewing machine oil from the spray can right at the top of the bobbin case. This was a recommendation from the technician who sold me my Juki.
I've been using this since day one and I find it super easy to keep that area oiled. It can be a little finicky (and messy, I might add) trying to use the typical sewing machine oil bottle and this spray works like a charm. Since I use my machine regularly, I give it one spray at the beginning of each session.
Next, you'll want to add a drop or two of the sewing machine oil in all the little oiling holes. For my Juki, I've got 3 spots on top and 2 in the throat area. Refer to your manual for your specific oiling spots. A drop or two in each should do the trick, but this will all depend on your make and model and the frequency you use your machine.
By this point, it's been about 10 minutes, which is exactly how long the Rowenta takes for the first self-cleaning step. I then turn everything off, unplug her and head to my sink. To show you just how much gunk accumulates with just a weeks use, I held the Rowenta over a bowl to accumulate the water that pours out while holding down the self-clean button. Do this for about a minute. And be amazed at the yucky water and particles that come out!
Once you've done that for a minute, refill your water reservoir back up.
Head back to your ironing board, this time with an old hand towel. Put the dials back to the self-cleaning setting and start passing the iron over the towel. You'll see some additional debris and brown stained water collect on the towel. Once you've passed it a few times, you can leave it to continue heating for another 10 minutes. And then you're done.
You've now got a completely de-fuzzed and well oiled sewing machine and an iron ready to press any wrinkle you throw at it without any worry of brown stains appearing.
And all it took was about 15 minutes of active time.
Now that you know how easy and painless it can be, be sure to show your machine some TLC. After all, you've invested a good chunk of money in your tools, why not spend a little time to keep them running smoothly for years to come.
These are great tips, Shannon. I tend to dust and oil my machine after I change out a bobbin, so that is usually 1-2 times a week instead of on any particular day. I live in the desert, so the oiling is helpful where I am but I would probably re-consider and go to once a week if I were in an environment that was humid. I like to also wipe down my desk space once a week using a tiny scrap of batting to collect up the inevitable lint that piles up.
this is a great post! I think I need to consider this for my own studio!
Oh awesome tips, Shannon! Just love your Juki set up - what a happy room.
Thank you, Brooke!! Hope the tips come in handy for you and your Juki!!
They really are!! Such an amazing tip - and I think of you every time I use them!! I do steam ALL the time. I've tried working without, as I've heard many quilters say it's better, but it just never seems to get my wrinkles out like steam does.


The sports media giant is reportedly not renewing Simmons' contract.
ESPN heavyweight Bill Simmons is leaving the sports media juggernaut at the end of his current contract after the pair did not come to terms on a new deal, The New York Times reported Friday.
BIll SImmons to leave ESPN, according to ESPN president John Skipper. "We weren't going to get to the terms," said Skipper.
John Skipper, ESPN president, told the Times, "I've decided that I'm not going to renew his contract."
Simmons currently serves as editor-in-chief of Grantland, ESPN's sports and pop culture blog.
"We've been talking to [Simmons] and his agent, and it was clear we weren't going to get to the new terms, so we were better off focusing on transition," added Skipper to the Times.
Skipper described the factors that led to the decision between the company and the 15-year ESPN veteran as being "about more than money," but he did not explain further.
Deadspin, meanwhile, is calling the move an outright firing.
Simmons' Twitter profile touts his resume, including running Grantland and co-creating the documentary series ESPN Films 30 for 30.
When the news of Simmons' pending departure hit the Internet, there was no shortage of hot takes about his career and the fate of Grantland, as well as rampant speculation over where he'll land. His name quickly trended on Twitter Friday afternoon.
Love him or hate him, Bill Simmons opened a lot of doors for non-traditional media members like me. Will be fun watching his free agency.
Bill Simmons leaving ESPN is bad for ESPN. It is 8,000,000,000 times worse for Bill Simmons. He just doesn't realize it yet.


This inaugural edition of Buzz Books: Romance provides substantial pre-publication excerpts from 20 forthcoming romance titles. Enjoy access to the best romance voices the publishing industry is broadcasting for the upcoming season as you discover new series, catch up with the latest installments from beloved series, and find great standalone titles from top romance authors.
This sampler has nearly every subgenre, too—historical romances set in different eras (Julia London's Wild Wicked Scot; Kristy Cambron's The Illusionist's Apprentice, contemporary comedy, westerns (Lindsay McKenna's Wind City Wrangler), sports romances (Sarina Bowen's Rookie Move), thrillers and romantic suspense (Tiffany Snow's Follow Me; Colleen Coble's Twilight at Blueberry Barrens) and some with a touch of paranormal.
Start enjoying books right now that are sure to show up on your personal "must read" lists. Then invite your reading friends and book groups to download their own free copy of Buzz Books: Romance, the ebook, from any major ebookstore or at buzz.publishersmarketplace.com.
For the best in soon-to-be-published other fiction genres, plus nonfiction, and children's literature, be sure to read Buzz Books 2016: Fall/Winter or Buzz Books 2016: Young Adult Fall/Winter, available now. Then be on the lookout for the next two editions of Buzz Books covering the spring/summer 2017 publishing season for both adults and young adults, available in January.
2.5. I skipped about a third of this but of the ones I read I only marked three or so to read but glad they finally did one for romance.


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McLaren Speedtail Hits 250 MPH More Than 30 Times in Testing at Kennedy Space Center
Brian Silvestro
Popular Mechanics December 23, 2019
Photo credit: McLaren
From Popular Mechanics
McLaren announced today that it has finished testing for its new three-seat grand touring hybrid, the Speedtail. In recent high-speed acceleration tests performed at the Kennedy Space Center runway in Florida, test prototype XP2 hit 250 mph on more than 30 separate occasions, the automaker said.
The acceleration runs, completed at the hands of McLaren test driver Kenny Brack, were the final validation tests required for the Speedtail, which has now officially entered production at the company's Woking, England plant. The car is powered by a 4.0-liter twin-turbo V-8 combined with an electric motor, making a total of 1035 horsepower and 848 lb-ft of torque. The car's radical shape is dedicated to high-speed aerodynamic efficiency, with a massive rear overhang, a central driver's seat, and a set of flexible carbon fiber ailerons.
"It's fitting that the Speedtail's high-speed test program concluded with multiple maximum-speed runs at a location so strongly associated with pushing the boundaries of extreme performance and engineering excellence," McLaren Automotive CEO Mike Flewitt said in a statement. "The Speedtail is a truly extraordinary car that epitomizes McLaren's pioneering spirit and perfectly illustrates our determination to continue to set new benchmarks for supercar and hypercar performance."
Deliveries for the 106 lucky Speedtail customers will begin in February 2020, according to McLaren.
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AAP: Study of aluminum in vaccines does not change vaccine recommendations
Melissa Jenco, News Content Editor
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Article type: News
Infectious Diseases Vaccine/Immunization
A new study exploring the safety of aluminum in vaccines does not demonstrate a need for pediatricians to deviate from the recommended vaccine schedule, according to the AAP and others.
While the study found a possible link between aluminum in vaccines and persistent asthma in children, the AAP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the study's authors say the study has important limitations and the findings do not prove causation.
"The overwhelming benefit of the vaccines and the long-term safety we've seen from them should reassure parents they should still completely vaccinate their children," said AAP Committee on Infectious Diseases Vice Chairperson James D. Campbell, M.D., M.S., FAAP.
Dr. Campbell said he welcomed the new research. "Association Between Aluminum Exposure from Vaccines Before Age 24 Months and Persistent Asthma at Age 24-59 Months" (Daley MF, et al. Acad Pediatr., Sept. 28, 2022) was funded by CDC in response to a 2013 Institute of Medicine (now National Academy of Medicine) report calling for more research on chronic conditions after vaccination.
Researchers involved in the new study set out to look at the safety of aluminum adjuvants. Aluminum has been used in vaccines since the 1930s to improve the immune response, and previous studies have determined it is safe. It is used in numerous vaccines but is not in flu or COVID vaccines.
The observational study included data from nearly 327,000 children from seven medical care organizations. Researchers used vaccination records to calculate children's aluminum exposure from vaccines before 2 years of age and analyzed health records to see which children had persistent asthma at 2 through 4 years of age. Persistent asthma was defined as requiring one inpatient or two outpatient asthma visits and at least two long-term asthma control medication dispenses.
The study divided children into groups with and without eczema as children with the condition are more likely to develop asthma. Researchers found average vaccine-related aluminum exposure in both groups was about 4 milligrams (mg.).
Results showed about 6% of children with eczema and 2.1% of children without eczema developed persistent asthma. Each additional milligram of vaccine-related aluminum exposure was associated with 1.3- and 1.2-times higher rates of persistent asthma among each group, respectively.
"It is theoretically possible that exposure to aluminum through vaccination could produce an immune profile biased toward Th2 and away from T helper 1 cell immune responses," the authors wrote.
Another analysis of fully vaccinated children showed the association between vaccine-related aluminum and persistent asthma was significant only in children without eczema by 1 year of age.
The study is observational and cannot prove aluminum adjuvants cause asthma. Dr. Campbell also noted it excluded a large number of children who developed asthma before 2 years, it doesn't take into account other risk factors for asthma and the effect size is small.
Authors also acknowledged they could not rule out possible misclassifications of aluminum exposure or persistent asthma. In addition, they did not account for different types of aluminum adjuvants.
"Considering the small effect size observed and the limitations described above, particularly related to unmeasured cofounding, these findings do not constitute strong evidence for questioning the safety of aluminum in vaccines," authors wrote. "However, additional examination of this hypothesis appears warranted."
The CDC said in a statement it "agrees with the authors that this single observational study has important limitations and does not show that aluminum in some childhood vaccines can cause development of persistent asthma" and it is not changing its routine childhood vaccination recommendations.
"CDC continues to strongly recommend that children stay up-to-date on routine vaccines to help children return safely to school and early care and education programs this fall," the agency said, adding that it is exploring additional research possibilities.
The AAP encourages the additional research.
"I think (for) everyone that works in pediatric vaccines, safety is our top priority," Dr. Campbell said. "Every study that I do, it's the number one, primary objective, and all these observational studies, we encourage and welcome them and when safety problems have been found after vaccines have been available, then adjustments have been made."
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In 2021, the University of Chicago's Becker Friedman Institute for Economics (BFI) launched its Expanding Diversity in Economics Summer Institute (EDE). The program is designed to "identify and support talented undergraduate students from a broad range of backgrounds who are interested in the study of economics." Among the 43 talented undergraduates the program has selected for its second cohort are three from Macalester: Ghaicha Aboubacar Ahe '24, Minh (Michael) Nguyen '25, and Giovanny Martínez Rodríguez '25.
"It is crucial that we have more diverse perspectives in economics," Michael Greenstone, the Milton Friedman Distinguished Service Professor of Economics and Director of BFI, said in a press release. "EDE was designed to expose more students to economics at an early stage. This will nurture a new generation of scholars and professionals who will help the economics profession develop new answers to old questions, ask new questions, and ultimately make the world better."
All three Mac students grew up outside the United States and their experiences back home inspired them to study economics.
Ahe is Tuareg, which is an Amazigh (Berber) ethnic group that largely inhabits the Sahara, and she grew up in Niger's capital Niamey. For her, economics is everywhere.
"In the last few years I have been having conversations about economics with my father, which was not the norm before," she said. "And I realized that economics exists in everything around the world. You can find an economic explanation and talk about what effect any event is going to have on the economic situation and vice versa."
She hopes her experience at the EDE will help her grow as a student and as a person.
"I just hope I get confidence in my choices and in my ability to fully understand and implement what I learn to hopefully contribute to my underserved community one day," she said.
As the son of two professors, Nguyen grew up in a college town in Vietnam called Trau Quy near Hanoi and witnessed the income and social disparities between the college's employees and the local community. Initially, he thought studying political science was the best path for him to try to address these issues, but a gap year spent in entrepreneurship and a first-year course taught by professor Peter Ferderer introduced him to the power of economics.
"I loved seeing how businesses and economic agents can make change in the world," he said. "It's not all about making profits, it's more about how people and institutions respond to incentives in a society, and that really changed my perspective about economics and it clicked for me, in terms of what I want to do in the future."
Rodríguez is a first-generation college student from Caracas, Venezuela. For him, economics has been a passion since he was a young teenager.
"I grew up in Venezuela seeing political leaders making really bad economic decisions, seeing my family suffering and struggling because of them, and that's basically the reason why I'm passionate about economics," he said.
All three said they are excited to be studying at a school known for its economics department and to be among students with similar backgrounds and experiences.
"Economics is a really male-centric and European- or Western-centric field. So just to be a part of a program that aims to improve that kind of status quo and to open doors for other people, that interests me," said Nguyen.
The Expanding Diversity in Economics Summer Institute runs from June 6-26.
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PKK leader's past isolation criticized
by daily sabah
by daily sabah Mar 18, 2014 12:00 am
European Court of Human Rights finds Turkey guilty for keeping the leader of the outlawed PKK, Abdullah Öcalan, in isolation until 2009 but dismisses the complaint that he was being slowly poisoned
ANKARA – The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) announced its decision yesterday in Strasbourg on a complaint by outlawed terrorist organization Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) leader Abdullah Öcalan, who is currently serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole in İmralı Prison.
The leader of the outlawed PKK terrorist organization filed a complaint with the ECHR about his prison conditions, social isolation and limits on phone communications, correspondence and visits. Öcalan also claimed he was gradually being poisoned in prison. The ECHR judges unanimously ruled that Öcalan's claim of being poisoned is "unacceptable." The court also ruled that Article 8 of the convention on the "Right to respect private and family life" and Article 7, titled "No punishment without law," had not been violated by Turkey. However, four judges out of seven ruled that Turkey violated Article 3, regarding the legality of Öcalan's detention until Nov.17, 2009.
A majority of the judges ruled prison conditions were also violated during the same period and decided that Turkey should pay the legal expenses of the complaint, which is 25,000 euros, within three months of the verdict's finalization. The European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) published a report last week detailing a CPT delegation's visit to Turkey from Jan. 16 to Jan. 17, 2013, which focused on İmralı Prison. According to the CPT report, the delegation received no allegations and found other evidence of ill treatment of prisoners by the prison staff at İmralı Prison. Moreover, the report states that inmates generally spoke favorably about the manner in which they were treated by the management of the prison and prison officers. The report also says that the CPT is pleased about the healthcare services at İmralı Prison and pleased recommendations repeatedly made on this subject following previous visits were implemented.
The cooperation of Turkish authorities throughout the visit was also praised in the report.
Over 1,000 homes razed to the ground by urban wildfire in Colorado


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Солони́ця — село в Україні, в Лубенському районі Полтавської області. Населення становить 1002 осіб. Орган місцевого самоврядування — Засульська сільська рада.

Географія
Село Солониця знаходиться на лівому березі річки Сула, вище за течією примикає село Засулля, нижче за течією на відстані 0,5 км розташоване село Войниха, на протилежному березі - село Терни. До села примикає озеро Солоне. Поруч проходять автомобільна дорога  та залізниця, станція Солоницька.

Історія

Легенда про Солоницю
На лівому березі річки Сули серед лісостепових просторів Полтавщини розкинулось село Солониця. Чарівне воно своєю природою, мальовничими краєвидами. За історичними даними, село засноване в кінці 17 століття. Першими тут поселились козацькі роди Сахнів, Якименків, Ляшенків, Погребняків. Пізніше поселились селяни-кріпаки Шурхачі, Шматки, Микитенки.
Спочатку козацькі родини поселилися на правому березі річки Солониці. Куток свій вони назвали Роп'янкою. Підземні води були надзвичайно солоними. Цю воду (ропу) використовували для приготування їжі. Річка Солониця також отримала свою назву через солоний смак води.

В селі збереглася легенда, яка по-іншому пояснює походження назви села. Старі люди говорять, що колись у селі жила вередлива пані. Якось улітку вона запросила до себе гостей на вечірку. Дуже хотілось пані здивувати своїх друзів незвичайними розвагами. Вона наказала своїм слугам засипати річку сіллю і зробити ковзанку для санчат. Все було зроблено. Пани досхочу повеселились і розважились. Але вода з тих пір у річці стала солоною.

За іншими переказами, води річки стали солоними у кінці 16 ст. від пролитої козацької крові під час повстання під проводом С.Наливайка.

Поряд з Роп'янкою знаходиться куток Кучанка. Колись тут було пасовище для худоби, яка залишала після себе кучки гною. Коли пасовище забудували, то за ним і закріпилась назва Кучанка.
Центр села називається Дворянкою. Тут раніше жили заможні селянські сім'ї, що мали свої двори, худобу, реманент для обробітку землі. От вони і започаткували назву свого кутка.
Поряд з Дворянкою знаходиться куток Кочубеївка. Тут жив у 50-60 роках XX століття колгоспний активіст В.Кочубей. Люди його дуже поважали. По його смерті вулиця, на якій він жив, стала називатися Кочубеївкою.
За Кочубеївкою розкинулась Новоселівка або Царина. До 60-х років XX століття землі вздовж залізничного полотна були незаселеними, цілинними. Звідси і пішла назва Царина. Згодом правління колгоспу ім. Жданова дало дозвіл колгоспникам будуватися на цих землях. З'явився новий куток, що отримав назву Новоселівка.

Понад річкою Сулою розташувалась Чернещина. Колись тут жили «чорні монахи» Мгарського Спасо-Преображенського монастиря. В основному це були монахи, яких виселили із монастиря за певні провини. Ці люди носили чорний одяг, жили в землянках, займались певним ремеслом. Згодом до них підселились незаможні селяни і куток став називатись Чернещиною. В селі була свою церква. Вона стояла в центрі, на майдані. Поруч із церквою жив священик. Його дворище було великим. Мав він і чимало землі. За його маєтностями закріпилась назва Попівка, яка збереглась і до цього часу.

Територія села згадується в селянсько-козацькому повстанні в Україні під проводом Северина Наливайко і Григорія Лободи.

Посилення феодально-кріпосницького, національного і релігійного гніту в Україні в кінці 16-го ст. викликало загострення класових протиріч і піднесення антифеодальної боротьби народних мас. В містах спалахували повстання бідноти. Майже все Правобережжя охопив козацько-селянський рух. Перше у 1591-93 р.р. очолював гетьман реєстрового козацтва Криштоф Косинський. А однією із знаменитих подій в історії України було селянсько-козацьке повстання 1594-1596р.р. під проводом Северина Наливайка, який почав свою активну діяльність восени 1593 р. на Південному Поділлі, виступав на чолі нереєстрових козаків і повсталих селян, які проводили боротьбу проти феодально – кріпосницького гніту, турецьких і татарських загарбників. Це повстання охопило Київщину, Брацлавщину, Волинь, Поділля, частково Галичину і Переяславщину. Воно мало великий вплив на Білорусь, Литву, Польщу і Молдавію, де також посилювалась боротьба пригноблених мас проти феодально-кріпосницького гніту. Про селянсько-козацьке повстання в Україні під проводом Северина Наливайко і Григорія Лободи (які репрезентували два табори у козацтві: Лобода – реєстровців, а Наливайко – нереєстрових козаків) досліджувалось і висловлювалось у працях різних істориків.

Відступ повстанців на Лівобережжя та їх поразка.

12 квітня 1596 року повстанцям нарешті вдалося переправитися на лівий беріг Дніпра.

У середніх числах квітня в Переяслові зібралась велика кількість повстанців, селян-утікачів та міщан. Загострилися суперечки між реєстровими і нереєстровими козаками. Після тривалих козацьких рад керівником усіх повстанців було обрано Григорія Лободу. Щоб уникнути розколу між повстанцями, С. Наливайко і М. Шаула теж погодились коритись наказам нового гетьмана. В цей час до Переяслова прибувають загони повстанців з Полісся та інших міст. Кількість людей щодня зростала.

Через різні суперечки повстанці затримались у Переяслові на два тижні. Значна частина повстанців розуміла свою непідготовленість до початку відкритого бою з ворогами і висувала думку про дальший відступ у південні степи Переясловщини. Цілком можливо, що цю групу повстанців підтримував Наливайко, який був більш здібним полковником, глибше розумів інтереси повстанців.

Суперечки, які загострилися в Переяслові між різними групами повстанців, ослаблювали їх єдність і сили. В кінці квітня 1596р. польсько-шляхетські полки прибули до Києва і почали підготовку до форсування Дніпра.

Готуючись до переправи, Жолкевський, щоб обманути повстанців розпочав з Г.Лободою переговори про припинення війни. Він чекав, коли в Дніпрі спаде вода і легше буде його полкам переправитись на лівий берег. Погоджуючись на мир, Жолкевський вимагав від повстанців видати Наливайка, Шаулу та інших керівників повстання, видати зброю а самим повстанцям повернутися до своїх панів виконувати феодальні повинності. Звичайно такі вимоги не могли буті прийняті Лободою. За переговорами пильно стежив Наливайко, без згоди якого Лобода не мав права вирішите це важливе питання.

Затримавши мирними переговорами керівників повстання біля Києва, королівське військо в районні Трипілля почало переправлятися на лівий берег Дніпра зразу в кількох місцях і через це повстанці не змогли йому перешкодити. Коли королівські вершники з'явились на лівому березі, Лобода і Наливайко вирушили у Переяслав, де зустрілися з новими труднощами. До повстанців дійшли чутки, що велике польсько-шляхетське військо переправилось через Дніпро і готується вдарити на Переяслав. У своєму листі до короля Жолкевський писав, що повстанців у Переяслову зібралось 10-12 тисяч, з яких близько 7 тисяч становили жінки, діти, літні люди.

При такому становище повстанців відступати було дуже небезпечно, але залишатися у Переяслові і вести війну проте переважаючих сил противника було зовсім неможливо.

3 травня 1596р. повстанці вийшли з міста і і вирушили в степ. Відступали вони дуже повільно. На просування від Переяслова до Лубен, відстань між якими становила близько 200 км, повстанці витратили 13-14 днів, це призвело до того, що вони не зуміли відірватися від ворога і відступити далі в глиб степів. В цьому, напевне, була провина Лободи, Наливайка та інших керівників повстання, які не розуміли серйозної небезпеки і не прискорили відступу, а сили противника все росли.

Опинившись в оточенні великих сил ворога, повстанці вирішили просуватись ближче до правого берега річки Солониці, яка недалеко впадала в Сулу, щоб хоч один бік свого табору можна було не захищати від нападу королівських військ.

Місто, де зупинилися повстанці і зробили табір, був на тому місті , де тепер розташовано село Солониця. Зупинившись, вони вирішили зробити свій табір не приступним для ворога і обнесли його возами, в результаті утворив високій і майже неприступний вал, що шляхетське військо не могло стежити за тим, що діялось у таборі. Всього повстанців здатних вести оборону, за повідомленням польських джерел, у Солоницькому таборі було близько 5000 чоловік.

16 травня 1596 р. почалася героїчна битва повсталих селян і козаків проти переважаючих сил польсько-шляхетського війська (детальніше див. Солоницький бій).

Оточивши табір повстанців і притиснувши його до р. Солониці і болота, польська армія розпочала наступ. Повстанці вели героїчну боротьбу з ворогом, не допускали його до своїх укріплень, робили вночі вилазки і нападали на противника, завдавали йому багато втрат.

Нестерпне становище в таборі повстанців після тижневої блокади загострилося до краю. Воно ще більше посилило суперечки між двома групами козаків, які всіляко намагався використати Жолкевський, знову почавши переговори з Лободою. Більша частина повстанців зная віроломство польської шляхти, ніяк не хотіла складати зброю. Цю групу очолював Наливайко, Шаула і Кремпський. Вона складалась з нереєстрових козаків і селян, трудящих з міст.

У таборі щодня відбувались бурхливі ради, на яких обмірковувалось питання про загальну діяльність. Розмови не припинялись ні вдень ні вночі.

Під час однієї бурхливої ради між реєстровими і нереєстровими козаками розгорілася бійка, в результаті якої Лобода був убитий. Після страти Лободи реєстрові козаки розгубилися і на певний час припинили свою активність. Найсильнішою групою серед повстанців тимчасово стали запорозькі нереєстрові козаки, на чолі с Крифтофом Кремпським. З того часу повстанці під керівництвом Наливайка майже щодня влаштовували вилазку на шляхетський табір, щоразу завдаваючи ворогові багато шкоди.

25 травня 1596 р. в польський табір було привезено з Києва багато зброї. Жолкевський наказав своїм полковникам спрямувати всі гармати на центральну частину повстанського табору і продовжувати обстріл вдень і вночі. Від ворожих снарядів в таборі спалахнула пожежа в кількох містах, загинули сотні людей і худоби; реєстрові козаки не слухали распоряджень гетьмана і зовсім ухилялись від боротьби. Сили повстанців слабшали, вилазки припинились. Майже зовсім вичерпались продукти харчування.

В таких умовах Жолкевський знову розпочав свої провокаційні переговори з реєстровими козаками.

Наливайко, Кремпський та численні маси козаків і селян рішучі виступали проти капітуляції. Але більшість людей Солоницького табору вже не підтримували Наливайка і Кремпського. Ці люди вимагали прийняти пропозицію Жолкевського перемир'я. Повстанці не знали, що із Запорозької Січі йде до них велика допомога. Так, кінець кінцем , повстанці, маючи перед очима змучених жінок і дітей, поранених і хворих, не витримали дальшої боротьби і прийняли тяжкі умови капітуляції.

Як тільки стало відомо, що більшість повстанців погодилась капітулювати і видати королівському командуванню провідників, Наливайко із своїм полком хотів вирватися з табору і вирушити в південні степи. Але за ним пильно стежили реєстрові козаки, бо ім'я Наливайка першим згадувалося в усіх вимогах жолкевського. Коли вони спробували схопити Наливайка і заковати його в кандали, в таборі повстанців повстанців розгорілась збройна міжусобна боротьба, прискорила жахливий кінець для Солоницького табору.

28 травня 1596 р. залишок реєстрових козаків схопили Наливайка, закували його і негайно видали Жолкевському. Потім були схоплені Шаула та інші поводирі повстанців.

Після виконання основних вимог повстанців Жолкевський дозволив магнатам і шляхті забрати всіх своїх підданих, а жовнірам і найманцям позбирати зброю, порох, коштовні речі та ін., а тих хто чинив опір вбити.

Зрозумівши віроломство королівського командування, запорозькі козаки, селяни та інші повстанці знову взялись за шаблі. Але було вже пізно. Польсько-шляхетське військо почало чинити криваву розправу над усіма без розбору, не уникли цієї розправи і реєстрові козаки. Під час цієї кривавої бійки вдалося втекти в степ близько 1.500 козаків разом з Криштофом Кремпським, що з боєм прорвалися з табору і таки відійшли геть на човнах Каспара Підвисоцького. Історичні джерела, які свідчать про кількість повстанців, що загинули, не дають нам точних даних.

Не зважаючи на тяжку поразку на Солониці, селяни, козаки і далі боролись проти магнатів і шляхти. Поразка стала значним уроком для селян і козаків. Це повстання було початком тривалої збройної боротьби селян і козаків проти своїх гнобителів.

Населення
Згідно з переписом УРСР 1989 року чисельність наявного населення села становила 1077 осіб, з яких 470 чоловіків та 607 жінок.

За переписом населення України 2001 року в селі мешкали 1002 особи.

Мова
Розподіл населення за рідною мовою за даними перепису 2001 року:

Відомі люди
 Барка Василь Костянтинович — письменник, автор роману «Жовтий князь».
У жовтні 2020 року у селі відкрито меморіальну дошку на його честь.
 Адамцевич Євген Олександрович — сліпий бандурист, віртуозний виконавець українських народних історичних пісень, автор «Запорозького маршу»
 Нагнибіда Валентин Кузьмович — заслужений майстер народної творчості УРСР.
 Охріменко Павло Павлович (1919—1997) — український літературознавець, фольклорист, доктор філологічних наук, професор

Примітки

Посилання

 Погода в селі Солониця

Села Полтавської області

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
When Women Ruled the World: 6 Queens of Egypt
By Kara Cooney
This riveting narrative explores the lives of six remarkable female pharaohs, from Hatshepsut to Cleopatra–women who ruled with real power–and shines a piercing light on our own perceptions of women in power today.
Female rulers are a rare phenomenon–but thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt, women reigned supreme. Regularly, repeatedly, and with impunity, queens like Hatshepsut, Nefertiti, and Cleopatra controlled the totalitarian state as power-brokers and rulers. But throughout human history, women in positions of power were more often used as political pawns in a male-dominated society. What was so special about ancient Egypt that provided women this kind of access to the highest political office? What was it about these women that allowed them to transcend patriarchal obstacles? What did Egypt gain from its liberal reliance on female leadership, and could today's world learn from its example?
Celebrated Egyptologist Kara Cooney delivers a fascinating tale of female power, exploring the reasons why it has seldom been allowed through the ages, and why we should care.


Landscaping is something that most homeowners take into description when considering the entire look of their home. However, landscaping only lives up to its full potential during the day when it is well lit. That is, of course, unless it has artificial lighting to bring it to life at night as well. Outdoor landscape lighting can make your landscaping twice as enjoyable and is well worth the expense.
Clearly, landscape design is an important part of keeping a home looking beautiful. It increases the value of the house and makes the entire property look well groomed and taken care of. Yet, it only reaches its fullest potential during the eight months at the right times of a day.
When darkness falls, the beauty of well-designed landscaping falls into shadow and is lost until the next day. This almost makes landscaping less enjoyable because it is only available to see during the day and, even then, only looks its best in the peak of spring and summer.
Landscape lighting is entirely about decorating all that is natural or man-made in the outdoor area adding a stunning and spectacular element to a dwelling's after sundown appearance. Solar outside lighting is one of the easiest and low-cost methods to make your dwelling and garden safer and more beautiful. For more information about landscape lighting, you can also visit http://bkelectricservices.com/electrician-brentwood/.
Landscape lighting can range from quite simple to rather extensive. You can design your lighting to showcase all of your yards in the most attractive way possible or to highlight specific features or areas. Even one light focused on your favorite tree can completely transform your lawn.


text:
Washington Ignores Saudi "Involvement in Supporting Terrorism and Terrorist Groups"
by A. Z. Mohamed
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/10542/saudi-arabia-terrorism
Saudi Arabia is the second largest source of ISIS fighters from Muslim-majority countries, with an estimated 2,500, according to a working paper produced by the National Bureau of Economic Research. According to a report by the Institute for Gulf Affairs, a whopping 16% of these fighters were in the U.S. when they joined ISIS.
An equally disturbing finding of the report is that the Saudi government, which has been monitoring its nationals in the U.S., is fully aware of the fact that many of them are joining ISIS and not only has done little to stop it, but has kept information about it from American authorities.
A new investigative report reveals that hundreds of Saudi and Kuwaiti nationals residing in the United States -- many of them students with dual citizenship and receiving government scholarships -- have joined ISIS and other terrorist groups in Syria and Iraq during the past three years.
Titled "From American Campuses to ISIS Camps: How Hundreds of Saudis Joined ISIS in the U.S.," the report -- released June 1 by the Washington-D.C.-based think tank the Institute for Gulf Affairs (IGA) -- provides details of the flow of students leaving American institutions of higher learning to fight in the Middle East.
According to a 2016 working paper produced by the National Bureau of Economic Research, Saudi Arabia is the second largest source of ISIS fighters from Muslim-majority countries, with an estimated 2,500. If the IGA report is accurate, a whopping 16% of these fighters were in the U.S. when they joined ISIS.
This completely contradicts the 2014 State Department assertion that "Saudi Arabia has continued to cooperate with the United States to prevent acts of terrorism ... through information exchange agreements with the United States."
Meanwhile, according to the report's authors -- IGA director Ali al-Ahmed, a Saudi Shiite expatriate critical of the Sunni regime in Riyadh, and researcher Mohamed Dhamen -- the FBI failed to notice the steady stream of would-be jihadis exiting the U.S. and heading for Iraq and Syria in the three years since then. This failure should not come as a surprise, given that one of the FBI's own employees -- Daniela Greene, a translator with top security clearance -- absconded to Syria in June 2014 and married an ISIS recruiter she had been assigned to investigate. The rogue agent lied to the FBI about where she was going, alerted the terrorist that he was the subject of an FBI probe and shared classified information with him.
In a May 10 letter to Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Chuck Grassley requested additional information on how Greene, who eventually turned herself in and reached a lenient plea deal, was able to slip through the system undetected. Two days later, Grassley released a statement about it:
"I'm troubled that a relationship between an FBI employee and a prominent ISIS recruiter went unnoticed, and more troubled that there wasn't a safeguard to successfully catch this incident... It's important for the public to understand how this happened and how similar problems will be prevented in the future. We also need to know how prosecutors settled on the charges in this case. A sentence of two years seems unusually light for such a potential threat to national security."
Greene's case sheds light on the findings of the IGA report and its claim that Saudi influence on American administrations, and relationships between senior officials in both countries, is behind Washington's ignoring Riyadh's "well-established... involvement in supporting terrorism and terrorist groups."
The number of Saudi students in the United States in 2016 reached 125,000, the "most in the world," according to a June 14 Arab News report. Those who leave to join a terrorist group and subsequently return -- enabled by their U.S. citizenship, combined with lax monitoring of and leniency with them -- present a clear and present danger to America's home front.
As then-FBI director James B. Comey said during a House Homeland Security Committee hearing in September 2014,
"Foreign fighters traveling to Syria or Iraq could... gain battlefield experience and increased exposure to violent extremist elements... they may use these skills and exposure to radical ideology to return to their countries of origin, including the United States, to conduct attacks on the Homeland."
The IGA report, covering the three-year period since then and including extremely serious charges against both Saudi Arabia and the previous U.S. administration and security officials, indicates the urgency with which the current administration needs to treat the issue and act upon it. American blood is at stake.
ISIS fighters, featured in a propaganda video by the group.
A.Z. Mohamed is a Muslim born and raised in the Middle East.
Related Topics: Saudi Arabia
Recent Articles by A. Z. Mohamed
To the Secretary General of Muslim World League, 2019-01-24
How Extremist Scholars Promote Terrorism, Violence, 2018-11-08
Saudi Arabia: Challenges for "Vision 2030", 2018-10-16
Abbas: The Same Mistakes as Arafat, 2018-09-06
Is Canada Prepared for the Threat of Returning Jihadists?, 2018-08-30
ABDELKADER HAMDAOUI • Jun 19, 2017 at 15:13
That is to be expected from a Saudi's White House-boy and a Congress well paid and beholden to Saudi Arabia.
Le Hunt • Jun 19, 2017 at 15:07
Well, Trump was just over there kissing Saudi keesters, so don't expect that anything will be done any time soon.
Chuck • Jun 19, 2017 at 09:57
Sounds like most US politicians/government drones are in synch with their soul brothers in Europe and UK - sell out your own people, anything for a buck.
Barry H Campbell • Jun 19, 2017 at 09:37
The Democrats will never allow President Donald Trump to do anything about stopping those who would destroy America. The Americans try and stop those from Islam from entering and the Democrat Judges rule against this President's preventive action. The hue and cry from all socialists paint President Trump as the fall guy when it is the left's extreme hatred for President Trump that feeds the Islamic terrorist activities. ISIS leaders must laugh their barbaric asses off at the Americans.
At present, due to the Democrat hatred for Trump, they stop all efforts to weed out the foreign university students in America and to stop Muslims from entering the US until they can vetted properly.
ISIS continues to terrorise the world and it appears the Democrats support this just as Obama did during his term(s) in office.
The Democrats, the socialists and those who do not contribute now have the Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to assist them as he accepts what ISIS does around the world.
Trudeau has stated that Islam is only doing what is in their right to protect their culture.
Any opposition against the support of Islam is labelled as being a Racist and spreading Hate.
Albert Reingewirtz • Jun 19, 2017 at 05:52
The Arab and Islamic markets are so appealing that Americans ignore that most of the Islamic terrorists of 9/11 were Saudis. So ignoring that Saudis finance mosques manufacturing Islamic terrorists like Detroit manufacturing cars is ignored since Trump can sell them a few $$$ billion in armament. Nothing should get in the way of this great Trump deal. The Arab markets loom large so watch out for the next Trump "deal," The PA/ Israel peace negotiations.
Barry H Campbell Albert Reingewirtz • Jun 21, 2017 at 11:29
I'm not sure that President Trump allows his possible personal gains to cloud his thinking regarding his attempts to make America safer and greater for it's citizens. As a Canadian I think Donald Trump is trying to do what is required to give America a wake up call and clean out the Democrat Swamp in America.
The results of the Georgia by-election shows he is gaining support of "most" of America's clear thinkers. Democrats (the socialists) are still trying the blame the results of the 2016 presidential election on the deviousness of the Republicans. They cannot accept that the ruination of America was largely caused by Obama, Clinton and the Democrats and Trump is trying to pull America back from the brink.
During the Clinton and Barack Obama reigns in government positions their personal wealth have risen to hundreds of millions of dollars.
IRAN'S SILENT EXECUTIONS: DEATH BY DEPRIVATION
Sharokh Zamani was jailed and tortured for 11 years for criticizing the Iranian regime and prison conditions. Iran also deprived his family of an autopsy. (See also: 2012 letter from Sharokh Zamani)


A Modest Proposal for Saving Graduate Higher Education in the U.S.
Every Christmas while I was growing up, my dad had a gift giving ritual with his parents. They gave each other cash. I became convinced that this was often the same amount. From meager means Grandma and Grandpa scraped together a modest living punctuated by moments of extravagance, like their trips to Vegas. The cash swap was a form of empowerment: here is some money that you didn't have to spend on whatever you want. It was a symbol of financial freedom. But, in terms of the actual balance sheets, it changed nothing.
The trouble is that, at present, programs charge students tuition (on paper) and then offer them a soon-to-be-taxed tuition waiver (often on the same piece of paper). Instead, affected graduate programs should reduce the tuition charged to students to zero—not net zero but actual zero—so that tuition waivers and taxes on them would be similarly non-existent. This would, of course, involve finding new ways of doing internal accounting for program costs and perhaps making admissions policies even more selective, but this could be done. Otherwise, it's like Peter robbing Peter to pay Peter. Couldn't he just leave his money where it is?
American colleges and universities rise and fall based on their rising and falling in a handful of rankings. This is true to a significant extent in terms of their finances, reputations, and general welfare. Up and up or down and down, as goes its rank, so goes the university. U.S. News and World Report's is the most influential. Forbes, The Princeton Review, and others offer alternatives with slightly different methodologies and surprisingly similar results. All purport to demonstrate which colleges and universities have the best academic programs. All of them fail to do so. By virtue of measuring many things unrelated to quality of education, they incentivize the diverting of resources away from educating students.
The established rankings show institutional wealth, both directly and indirectly. They also show an institution's popularity, both among prospective students, enrolled students, and faculty at peer institutions. Many also emphasize how well their incoming students performed in high school, shown by grades and standardized test scores. The rankings show little else. But by providing the illusion of demonstrating educational quality, the rankings incentivize many things but not support for the actual quality of education at any given institution.
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Q: How dataframe rowname is working in R? I'm having a dataframe as like below.
    > avg_data
            date  region AveElapsedTime
    1   5/1/2012 preprod             23
    2   5/2/2012    prod             76
    3   5/3/2012    Beta             34
    4   5/4/2012    prod             30
    5   5/5/2012    Beta             22
    6   5/6/2012 preprod             32
    7   5/7/2012    Beta             21
    8   5/8/2012    prod             44
    9   5/9/2012 preprod             45
    10 5/10/2012    Beta             23
    11 5/11/2012    prod             50
    12 5/13/2012    Beta             26
    13 5/14/2012 preprod             33
    14 5/15/2012    Beta             75
    15 5/16/2012 preprod             56
    16 5/17/2012    Beta             32
    17 5/18/2012 preprod             67
    18 5/19/2012    prod             40

When I use the cbind, it is not giving the right row numbers..
    > cbind(avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod", "date" ], avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod", "AveElapsedTime" ])
         [,1] [,2]
    [1,]    3   23
    [2,]   15   32
    [3,]   18   45
    [4,]    5   33
    [5,]    7   56
    [6,]    9   67

This is giving problem while plotting the graph. I'm having date as x axis and AveElapsedTime value as Y axis. Instead of starting the first plot from 5/1/2012, it is starting from 5/3/2012 and trying to plot based on the rownumber given above.
If it displays as like below, then the graph will display correctly.. Please advise..
    Rownumber AveElapsedTime
         [,1] [,2]
    [1,]    1   23
    [2,]    6   32
    [3,]    9   45
    [4,]   13   33
    [5,]   15   56
    [6,]   17   67

Here is my code.. which is working now.. Need to change the color for the lines..
    avg_data <- read.table("qes.tbl", header=T, sep=",")
    avg_data
    #        dl <- avg_data[avg_data$region == "prod", "AveElapsedTime"]
            #datel <- avg_data[avg_data$region == "prod", "date"]
    #Creating the graph pdf in the below path to give as a link in the mail
    FL <- 20120631
    file <- paste("graph", FL, "pdf", sep=".")
    plot_colors <- c("blue","red","forestgreen","black")
    pdf(file, height=4.5, width=9.5, onefile=TRUE)
    graphplot <- function(l, REG, tl, num) {
            dl <- REG[REG$region == l, tl]
            datel <- REG[REG$region == l, "date"]
            dl <- cbind(as.numeric(rownames(REG[REG$region == l, ])), REG[REG$region == l, tl])
            lines(dl, type="l", pch=2, col=plot_colors[num])
            num <- num + 1
    }
    drawGraph <- function(ab, y, z, s) {
            #Creating X axis
            x <- ab[ab$region == "Beta", z]
            y <- ab[,1]
            g_range <- range(0,x[!is.na(x)])
            plot(NA, type="l", col="orange", xlim= c(1, length(y)),  ylim=g_range,axes=FALSE, ann=FALSE)
            num=1
            sapply(unique(ab$region[ab$region]), FUN=graphplot, REG=ab, tl=z, num)
            box()
            axis(1, at=1:length(y), lab=FALSE)
            text(1:length(y), par("usr")[3] - 2, srt=45, adj=1.2, labels=y, xpd=T, cex=0.3)
            scale <- s
            axis(2, las=1, at=scale*0:g_range[2], cex.axis=0.3)
            main_title<-as.expression(z)
            #Caculationg Mean, Upper limit and lower limit using the below commands
            MEANLIMIT <- seq(length=length(y), from=mean(x), by=0)
            ULIMIT <- seq(length=length(y), from=mean(x) + 2.66*sum(abs(diff(x)))/length(x), by=0)
            LLIMIT <- seq(length=length(y), from=mean(x) - 2.66*sum(abs(diff(x)))/length(x), by=0)
            lines(MEANLIMIT, type="l", col="black")
            lines(ULIMIT, type="l", pch=2, lty=2, col="grey")
            lines(LLIMIT, type="l", pch=2, lty=2, col="black")
            title(main=main_title, col.main="red", font.main=4)
            title(xlab="Test Execution Date", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0))
            title(ylab="Millisecond", col.lab=rgb(0,0.5,0))
            legend("topright", g_range[2], main_title, cex=0.4, col=c("blue"), lty=1);
    }
    lab<-as.character(avg_data$date)
    AET <- avg_data$AveElapsedTime
    MTitle <- "AveElapsedTime"
    #Creating graph for Average Elapsed time
            drawGraph(avg_data, lab, MTitle, 5)

A: It seems you want to do a simple extraction from a data frame where region=="preprod".
The way to do it is:
avg_data[avg_data$region=="preprod", c("date", "AveElapsedTime")]

        date AveElapsedTime
1   5/1/2012             23
6   5/6/2012             32
9   5/9/2012             45
13 5/14/2012             33
15 5/16/2012             56
17 5/18/2012             67

To plot the data, you need to convert the date strings to real dates:
x <- avg_data[avg_data$region=="preprod", c("date", "AveElapsedTime")]
x$date <- as.Date(x$date, format="%m/%d/%Y")
x

         date AveElapsedTime
1  2012-05-01             23
6  2012-05-06             32
9  2012-05-09             45
13 2012-05-14             33
15 2012-05-16             56
17 2012-05-18             67

I would then plot it in ggplot like this:
library(ggplot2)
x <- avg_data[avg_data$region=="preprod", c("date", "AveElapsedTime")]
ggplot(x, aes(date, AveElapsedTime)) + geom_bar(stat="identity")

Or in base graphics:
x <- avg_data[avg_data$region=="preprod", c("date", "AveElapsedTime")]
plot(AveElapsedTime ~ date, data=x)

A: Would this work for you:
library(lubridate)
avg_data$date <- mdy(avg_data$date)
avg <- data.frame(avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod", "date" ], avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod", "AveElapsedTime" ])
plot(avg)

A: It seems like you are asking for just the rownumbers as the first column. If that is so:
cbind(as.numeric(rownames(avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod", ])),
      avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod", "AveElapsedTime" ])
#      [,1] [,2]
# [1,]    1   23
# [2,]    6   32
# [3,]    9   45
# [4,]   13   33
# [5,]   15   56
# [6,]   17   67

If you also want to rename the columns in the process:
cbind(Rownames = as.numeric(rownames(
  avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod", ])),
      AveElapsedTime = avg_data[avg_data$region == "preprod",
                                "AveElapsedTime" ])

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