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Posts filed under 'Drowned'
1478: The Duke of Clarence, in a butt of malmsey
4 comments February 18th, 2014 Jonathan Shipley
(Thanks to Jonathan Shipley of A Writer's Desk for the guest post. -ed.)
First Murderer
Take him over the costard with the hilts of thy
sword, and then we will chop him in the malmsey-butt
in the next room.
Second Murderer
O excellent devise! make a sop of him.
–Shakespeare's Richard III, Act I, Scene 4
On this day, in 1478, George Plantagenet was executed for treason against his brother King Edward IV — famously supposed (as in Shakespeare's Richard III) to have been drowned in a butt of malmsey wine.
George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, played an important role in the long-waged War of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars, battles, and skirmishes between 1455 and 1487 between supporters of rival branches of the House of Plantagenet for the English crown: the House of Lancaster versus the House of York.
Plantagenet originally supported his brother's claim to the throne. Through a series of battles with pro-Lancastrian armies, Edward, of the House of York, advanced towards London with his Yorkish army. Once there, he deposed the Lancastrian King Henry VI to rapturous celebration (London itself leaned Yorkist).
George naturally cashed in with his brother's accession. He was made a duke. He was invested as a Knight of the Garter.
But one other perk proved butt-ugly for George's future.
He was married, in 1469, to noblewoman Isabel Neville, daughter of the Earl of Warwick. Warwick was the famous kingmaker of the War of the Roses, whose support was instrumental for Edward IV.
But Edward ill rewarded that support by shockingly marrying a commoner and promoting her family to positions Warwick had intended to control. That drove a wedge between Warwick and Edward … and George Plantagenet went with the father-in-law during an abortive attempt to restore Henry VI.
Warwick died in battle. Edward benevolently restored his treacherous brother George back into royal favor.
But George's mental state was deteriorating. He also became in inveterate alcoholic.
His wife died a few days before Christmas, 1476. George was convinced that his wife was murdered by her lady-in-waiting, Ankarette Twynyho. Though there was no evidence to support his claim (historians later believed Isabel died of consumption or fever) the court was bullied into hanging Twynyho on George's accusation.
Soon after, his mental state waning still, the Duke of Clarence allegedly involved himself in another ill-conceived plot to overthrow his brother. He was soon summoned to Edward, was accused of treason and was imprisoned in the Tower of London.*
He was put on trial. The prosector was King Edward IV himself, at whose insistence Parliament attainted the royal brother of "unnatural, loathly treasons."
Beheaded was the usual mode of execution for treasonous individuals. Not with George, however. No, at the age of 28, George Plantagenet died in his favorite beverage, malmsey wine. "The two of them roll a barrel of malmsey wine into George's room," Philappa Gregory writes in The White Queen, "and George the fool makes a joke of it and laughs with his mouth opened wide as if already gasping for air, as his face bleaches white with fear."
His body was sent, still in the barrel, to Tewkesbury Abbey. He was entombed there beside his late wife, and they still reside there today.
According to the Italian chronicler Dominic Mancini, who was present in England in the 1480s and wrote an account of the fraught English political scene at that time, Edward's and George's youngest brother "was so overcome with grief for his brother, that he could not dissimulate so well, but that he was overheard to say that he would one day avenge his brother's death."
That grief-stricken sibling was the future Richard III. In a few years' time would displace the (now-late) Edward IV's young heirs and send them into history as the lost little Princes in the Tower.
* Clarence's supposed rebellion is a sketchy bit of palace intrigue. Some have alleged that the whole thing was a pretext to eliminate a claimant who would be in position to argue that Edward's supposed youthful precontracted marriage excluded the king's children from succession. In time, Richard III did indeed make this argument.
1935: Benita von Falkenhayn and Renate von Natzmer, Germany's last beheadings by axe - 2020
1820: John and Lavinia Fisher - 2019
1974: Khosrow Golsorkhi and Keramat Daneshian, Iranian revolutionaries - 2018
1836: Felipe Santiago Salaverry, President of Peru - 2017
1719: Collmore, Hang'd, Quarter'd and his Intrals burn'd - 2016
Corpses Strewn: Collmore and his gang - 2016
1813: W. Clements, War of 1812 deserter - 2015
1862: Margaret Coghlan, the last woman hanged in Tasmania - 2013
1799: Constantine Hangerli, tax man - 2012
1957: Walter James Bolton, the last hanged in New Zealand - 2011
1960: Oliviu Beldeanu, for the Berne incident - 2010
1957: Dedan Kimathi, Mau Mau commander - 2009
1873: Vasil Levski, for Bulgarian independence - 2008
1499: Perkin Warbeck, Princes in the Tower pretender
1945: Albrecht Haushofer, German Resistance intellectual
1542: Kathryn Howard, the rose without a thorn
1554: Lady Jane Grey, the Nine Days' Queen
738: Copan king 18-Rabbit (Uaxaclajuun Ub'aah K'awiil)
1417: The Falstaffian John Oldcastle
Entry Filed under: 15th Century,Arts and Literature,Borderline "Executions",Drowned,England,Execution,Guest Writers,History,Other Voices,Popular Culture,Power,Put to the Sword,Royalty,Treason
Tags: 1470s, 1478, edward iv, family, february 18, george plantagenet, henry vi, richard iii, wine
Feast Day of Saints Crispin and Crispinian
Add comment October 25th, 2013 Headsman
This day is called the feast of Crispian.
He that outlives this day and comes safe home,
Will stand o' tiptoe when the day is named
And rouse him at the name of Crispian.
He that shall see this day, and live old age,
Will yearly on the vigil feast his neighbors
And say, "Tomorrow is Saint Crispian."
Then will he strip his sleeve and show his scars,
And say, "These wounds I had on Crispin's day."
…And Crispin Crispian shall ne'er go by,
From this day to the ending of the world,
But we in it shall be remembered-
We few, we happy few, we band of brothers.
–Henry V, Act 4, Scene 3
Though the band of brothers is much better-known than Crispin and Crispinian themselves, Shakespeare's immortal verse alludes to a pair of questionable third-century martyrs whose feast date this is.
They were supposedly Christian missionaries proselytizing in Gaul, or possibly Britain,* and there made to suffer for the faith under Diocletian's persecutions: Crispin Crispian's version of the period's characteristic "execution survived" story has them being pitched into the drink with millstones, but failing to drown. As usual, the Romans had more methods in reserve than God had escapes.
Somewhat derogated latterly since their historicity is so shaky, C+C are the patrons of leather workers and related professions including tanners, saddlers and cobblers.
And in the great spirit of reappropriating ancient martyrs, fellows this handy with thongs and harnesses were claimed by one Toronto church as patrons of leather fetishists.
"These wounds I had on Crispin's Day" indeed.
Oh, and speaking of St. Crispin's Day and war and literature, October 25 is the anniversary not only of Agincourt but also of the Crimean War battle that inspired Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "The Charge of the Light Brigade".
Theirs not to make reply,
Theirs not to reason why,
Theirs but to do and die.
Into the valley of Death
Rode the six hundred.
Cannon to right of them,
Cannon to left of them,
Cannon in front of them
Volley'd and thunder'd;
Storm'd at with shot and shell,
Boldly they rode and well,
Into the jaws of Death,
Into the mouth of hell
* There's a Crispin and Crispianus pub in England dating all the way to Templar times and later frequented by novelist and public hanging scold Charles Dickens.
1944: Zainal Mustafa, resister - 2020
1974: Walkiria Afonso da Costa, the last Araguaia guerrilla - 2019
2009: Two Somali spies - 2018
1704: "French Peter" - 2017
1770: William Linsey, resolutely bent upon working wickedness - 2016
1781: Gaspard de Besse, social bandit - 2015
2014: Reyhaneh Jabbari - 2014
2006: Danny Rolling, the Gainesville Ripper - 2012
330 B.C.E.: Philotas, Alexander the Great Companion - 2011
1769: Nicolas de Lafreniere and four others for the Louisiana Rebellion - 2010
1415: French prisoners at the Battle of Agincourt - 2009
2007: Five young men - 2008
Feast Day of Saint Peter and Saint Paul
Feast Day of Santa Barbara
Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews
277: Mani, dualist
Feast Day of Saint Denis, cephalophore
Feast Day of St. James the Greater
Entry Filed under: Ancient,Arts and Literature,Beheaded,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Drowned,Execution,France,God,Language,Martyrs,Popular Culture,Religious Figures,Roman Empire,Uncertain Dates
Tags: alfred lord tennyson, battle of agincourt, charge of the light brigade, diocletian, october 25, shakespeare, st. crispin, st. crispin's day
1435: Agnes Bernauer
1 comment October 12th, 2013 Headsman
On this date in 1435, the Duke of Bavaria-Munich had his son's commoner mistress drowned.
Agnes Bernauer (English Wikipedia link | German) was supposed to have been the daughter of an Augsburg barber, though hard details about her life are hard to come by owing to her social class.
By 1432, she's demonstrably a part of the Munich court; it's thought that the prince Albert (the future Duke Albert III) must have met her at an Augsburg tournament in 1428.
The nature of her relationship to the Bavarian heir, too, must largely be guessed at. It's been widely hypothesized that they might have married secretly.
Such a marriage might explain the shocking end to the Agnes-Albert relationship by situating it as a threat to dynastic succession: Albert was Ernst's only legitimate son, and the Bavarian patrimony had been subdivided and fought over among Wittelsbach kin over the preceding decades.
Whatever the reason, Ernst took the disapproving (maybe) in-law act quite a lot farther than most. While Albert was out on a hunt, Ernst had Agnes seized, condemned for witchcraft, and executed by drowning in the Danube River on Oct. 12, 1435.
Upon hearing of the death of his beloved, Albert bitterly deserted his father for Ernst's cousin and rival Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. The prospect of capping domestic homicide with civil war loomed for several months until father and son were reconciled — and one must guess, once again, at how that conversation went. Albert endowed a perpetual mass for Agnes which is still said annually. A Bernauer chapel containing a tomb relief of Agnes, erected as an apology by Duke Ernst, remains a tourist draw in Straubing.
The star-crossed love of Agnes and Albert has proven irresistible to the arts over the centuries, with a special boom in the Romantic era.
King Ludwig I of Bavaria composed a poem in her honor; several 19th century stage tragedies (most notably that of Friedrich Hebbel) explore the story; and Carl Orff made it into an opera, Die Bernauerin.
2019: Hervin Khalaf, Rojava politician - 2020
1942: Mark Retiunin's rebels of the gulag - 2019
1789: Five wheelbarrow men - 2018
2017: Robert Pruett - 2017
1984: Linwood Briley, terror of Richmond - 2016
1781: Benjamin Loveday and John Burke, "for the detestable Crime of Sodomy" - 2015
1883: Frederick Mann - 2014
1901: Johannes Lotter, Boer War "rebel" - 2012
1943: Willi Graf, anti-Nazi medic - 2011
1565: Jean Ribault and the Huguenot colonists of Fort Caroline - 2010
1888: Pauline McCoy - 2009
1915: Nurse Edith Cavell, "patriotism is not enough" - 2008
1457: László Hunyadi, the death before Hungary's rebirth
1315: Enguerrand de Marigny, on Montfaucon
1551: Alice Arden, husband killer
1327: Adso's lover in The Name of the Rose
1634: Urbain Grandier, for the Loudon possessions
Entry Filed under: 15th Century,Arts and Literature,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Drowned,Execution,Germany,History,Notably Survived By,Power,Sex,Summary Executions,Witchcraft,Women,Wrongful Executions
Tags: 1430s, 1435, agnes bernauer, albert iii, carl orff, literature, october 12, opera
1644: Joost Schouten, LGBT VOC VIP
July 11th, 2013 Headsman
On this date in 1644, Joost Schouten, the able merchant and diplomat of the Dutch East India Company, "was strangled and burned to ashes in my presence in Batavia [Jakarta] because of his gruesome sodomy."
That's the report of Gijsbert Heeck who, like Scouten, left a noteworthy memoir. Heeck allowed that Schouten "was a man of unusual knowledge and extraordinary intellect," but despite his gifts remained "in his heart … a hypocritical villain and seducer of many, secretly using his prominence and great authority to force them away from the path of decency into the way of his shameful foulness, seeking thereby to satisfy his devilish lechery."
Before all that devilish lechery stuff came to light, Joost Schouten (English Wikipedia link | Dutch) had enjoyed a brilliant two-decade career in the Far East, most notably in Siam. There, Schouten ingratiated himself with the Siamese king Prasat Thong,* winning lucrative trade concessions, personal honors, and a seat for himself on the East India Company's executive organ, the Council of the Indies.
A report that Schouten initially wrote for that company surveying Siam's geography, people, and politics was published in 1638 and translated into many tongues: he was the first general account of Siam for Europeans. While several others would follow (pdf) in the 17th century, Schouten's Description remains an essential source for the period.
Schouten himself was no mere observer in the ferocious scramble for colonial position and trade leverage in East Asia. It's for this august person that the explorer Abel Tasman (as in Tasmania) named Schouten Island (off the coast of Tasmania). That was on the voyage that Tasman undertook to circumnavigate Australia, and discover (for Europeans) New Zealand — a voyage outfitted by Joost Schouten. Given another decade, with Dutch commerce on the come, who knows what heights he might have attained.
But the envoy's scintillating service record did him little good when a handsome French halberdier repulsed by Schouten's advances entrapped him in June 1644. This was an offense the Company took incredibly seriously.
Schouten confessed the crime voluntarily, and the only consideration the judges showed him was a pre-burning mercy strangulation. Their verdict, according to Peter Boomgaard, evinced "fear for the punishing hand of God if those who ruled did not take drastic measures." Schouten was an educated man; indeed, he himself had been a judge. All the worse that, where he had wrought his best service for the Dutch Republic, he had also consciously invited its undoing in a hail of fire and brimstone.
One could, on the other hand, say that it was the Company itself that tempted divine wrath. After all, those in its service routinely spent months in overwhelmingly male environments: ships at sea, and trading outposts that were by now barred to European women. (Local women were a different story, of course.) Nor was Schouten's particular stomping-grounds of Siam near as virulent in its attitude towards homoeroticism as the Calvinists back home; Schouten's own travelogue noted that "their Priests, as well as many of the Gentry, are much given to Sodomy, that unnatural passion, being esteemed no sin, nor shameful thing amongst them." Abroad on the blooming East, coinpurse bursting with the commerce of nations: it must have been a heady experience.
Whether coming around to the Siamese "esteem" or having nurtured it from the start, Schouten had, he said, indulged same-sex encounters** with some 19 different men since putting to sea from a return visit to the mother country in 1637. At least three of those partners — a boatswain's mate, a soldier, and a burgher — were to their sorrow alive and conveniently identifiable in the Indies.
"Those who were known [to have taken part in his deeds] were, either with him, or later … smothered under water since they were unworthy to continue living among humans," concluded our eyewitness Gijsbert Heeck. "Which is a fitting recompense and retribution for their gruesome life on earth. In the hereafter, however, the worst is still to come. But it is not for us to judge."
* Prasat Thong, a law-and-order type, is alleged by the account of another 17th century Dutchman to have personally conducted some executions.
** Schouten, 40ish at his death, said that he was always the "passive" (penetrated) partner in these affairs with much younger men. (This, and all the text that follows it in the post, is also as per Boomgaard.)
1667: Chatan Chocho, Ryukyu diplomat - 2020
1958: Peter Manuel, the Beast of Birkenshaw - 2019
1864: The Andersonville Raiders - 2018
1408: Konrad Vorlauf, Vienna Burgermeister - 2017
2006: Derrick O'Brien, for murdering Jennifer Ertman and Elizabeth Pena - 2016
1890: Edward Gallagher, "none of your damned business!" - 2015
1789: Francis Uss - 2014
1952: Chester Gregg - 2012
1780: Five for the Gordon Riots - 2011
1892: Ravachol, anarchist terrorist - 2010
1836: Louis Alibaud, failed regicide - 2009
472: Anthemius, twilight emperor of Rome - 2008
1578: Five sodomite monks, by Calvinist Ghent
1623: Amboyna Massacre
1689: Kazimierz Lyszczynski, the first Polish atheist
1670: Major Thomas Weir, a Puritan with a double life
1676: Marie-Madeleine-Marguerite d'Aubray, Marquise de Brinvilliers
1761: Jacinto Canek, Mayan revolutionary
Entry Filed under: 17th Century,Burned,Businessmen,Capital Punishment,Death Penalty,Disfavored Minorities,Drowned,Execution,Famous,History,Homosexuals,Indonesia,Netherlands,Occupation and Colonialism,Public Executions,Scandal,Sex,Thailand
Tags: 1640s, 1644, dutch east indies company, joost schouten, july 11, prasat thong
1476: The Garrison of Grandson, by Charles the Bold
2 comments February 28th, 2012 Headsman
On this day in 1476, the 412-strong garrison of Grandson, Switzerland surrendered to Charles the Bold during the Burgundian Wars … and was executed en masse by hanging and drowning.
Detail view (click for the full image) of a mounted Charles the Bold under a forest of hanged men.
Charles — less generously known as "Charles the Rash" or "Charles the Terrible" — was the Duke of Burgundy, an ancient territory whose warlike inhabitants were celebrated back to The Nibelungenlied
Upon his single person the sword-strokes fell thick and fast. The wife of many a hero must later mourn for this. Higher he raised his shield, the thong he lowered; the rings of many an armor he made to drip with blood … Then men saw the warrior walk forth in full lordly wise. As the strife-weary man sprang from the house, how many added swords rang on his helmet! Those that had not seen what wonders his hand had wrought sprang towards the hero of the Burgundian land. (XXXII)
In the 15th century, the swords ringing on Burgundian helmets were those of the French and the Habsburgs, who squeezed the mighty duchy on either side.
Charles the Bold fought the expansionist Burgundian Wars as a project to strengthen his duchy's independence. But it would have the exact opposite effect.
The Swiss had been pulled into the anti-Burgundian league, and taken the city of Grandson, inducing an irritated Charles to put it to a fearful bombardment that threatened to overrun the place in short order.
Sources vary by partisan affiliation as to whether the besieged garrison surrendered at its antagonist's discretion (Burgundian version) or on a pledge of mercy (Swiss version). But in the actual event, no mercy at all was given. To a man, the prisoners were strung up on trees and drowned in the adjacent Lake of Neuchatel — a warning to the Swiss not to mess with Burgundy.
It was bluster that Charles's men could not back up when their opponents fought back … and after this, who was going to surrender?
A couple days later, the Swiss relief force arrived too late to bail out the garrison. Instead, it trounced the Burgundians in battle, sending them fleeing "without looking back, helter-skelter" as Charles, "exasperated beyond measure by the stupid cowardice of his troops, rode amongst them with drawn sword, striking them furiously, in the vain effort to bring them to a standstill."
The victorious Swiss made off with a fantastic booty from the abandoned Burgundian camp, but also recovered a more dolorous prize.
There were found sadly the honorable men still freshly hanging on the trees in front of the castle whom the tyrant had hanged. It was a wretched, pitiable sight. There were hung ten or twenty men on one bough. The trees were bent down and were completely full. There hanged a father and a son next to each other, there two brothers or other friends. And there came the honorable men who knew them; who were their friends, cousins and brothers, who found them miserably hanging. There was first anger and distress in crying and bewailing.
Charles was plenty distressed himself at his embarrassing reversal, and boldly (or rashly) regrouped, marched on the Swiss again — and had Burgundian power decisively shattered at the Battle of Murten that June. The following January, a dispirited Charles died in another losing battle, leading most of the once-imperious realm of Burgundy to settle into French hands, where it remains today.
1930: Dr. James Snook, Ohio State University professor - 2020
1616: Vincenz Fettmilch - 2019
1525: Cuauhtémoc, the last Aztec emperor - 2018
1785: Horea and Closca, Transylvanian rebels - 2017
1975: The Gold Bar Murderers - 2016
628: Khosrau II, Sassanid emperor - 2015
1800: Roddy McCorley, at Toomebridge - 2014
1946: Bela Imredy, Hungarian fascist prime minister - 2013
2000: Hassan bin Awad al-Zubair, Sudanese sorcerer - 2011
1810: Tommaso Tintori, the first guillotined in Rome - 2010
1887: Roxalana Druse, the last woman hanged in New York - 2009
2002: Monty Allen Delk, in a Three-Pronged Failure - 2008
1478: Pazzi Conspiracy attempted … and suppressed
1914: Regiment Mixte de Tirailleurs decimated
1944: Twenty-two or more Poles
1415: Bardolph, Hal's friend
1199: Pierre Basile, marksman
Entry Filed under: 15th Century,Burgundy,Drowned,Execution,France,Gibbeted,Hanged,History,Known But To God,Mass Executions,Power,Public Executions,Soldiers,Summary Executions,Switzerland,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1470s, 1476, battle of grandson, charles the bold, february 28, geopolitics, grandson
1802: Jacques Maurepas and his entire family
1 comment November 17th, 2011 Headsman
On this date in 1802, a Haitian general, his family, and his men, were butchered by French forces fighting to retain control of Saint-Domingue.
Haing recently mastered the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte — ever one for keeping it in the family — late in 1801 dispatched his brother-in-law* and brother-in-arms Leclerc to suppress the Haitian Revolution.
Over the course of 1802, Leclerc made headway towards accomplishing just that, as much with carrots as with sticks.
Maurepas was one of the Haitian commanders tasked by Toussaint L'Ouverture with defending Saint-Domingue, in his case, Port-de-Paix. Faced with a French landing, Maurepas burned the town to the ground and withdrew for an effective guerrilla resistance in the mountains.
But he eventually came to terms with the French, as did other Haitian officers, L'Ouverture included — reintegrating forces back with the French on the understanding that all that liberte, egalite, fraternite stuff would at least extend as far as not reintroducing slavery.
The French had other plans for their lucrative once-and-future colony, and when the Haitians caught wind of them, trouble resumed — now under the leadership (since the French had sagely deported L'Ouverture) of Jean-Jacques Dessalines.**
Leclerc had the, er, "fortune" of succumbing to yellow fever shortly after Dessalines' promising revolt got underway; he was succeeded by the brutal Rochambeau, who threw away the carrots and relied on naked violence to control the island. (Again, not uncharacteristic of Napoleonic conquests.)
Maurepas had not actually gone over to Dessalines, but the fact that he was a black Haitian general was reason enough for his white French superior officer to arrest him preventively. Immediately upon assuming command, Rochambeau made an example of Maurepas.
The sea off the Cape was chosen to be the theatre of an execution, unparalleled in what is called civilized life. For fear that Maurepas, who had gained distinction under Toussaint L'Ouverture, after having embraced the side of France, should join the insurgents, Leclerc had written to him to come by sea, with his family and his troop, to take the command of the Cape, which he destined for him as a reward for his services. No sooner had he arrived than he and his soldiers were seized and disarmed. Rochambeau ordered preparations to be made for a barbarous punishment in order to put the negro general to death, with his troop, consisting of 400 blacks. It was also put in deliberation whether death should be inflicted on his children, in order to prevent them from rising up to avenge their father.
After having been bound to the mast of a vessel, Maurepas was frightfully insulted. His wife, his children, and his soldiers were brought to be drowned under his eyes. The executioners were astounded when they beheld a father fix his dying eyes by turns on his children, his wife, and his companions in arms, undergoing a violent death; while they, on their part, turned their eyes away from a father, a husband, a general, whose countenance was disfigured by the tortures he was enduring. After being made to contemplate each other's sufferings, they were all tossed into the ocean. They died without complaining in a manner worthy the champions of liberty. With a reversal of the order of nature, the father died last; he also suffered most.
Thus died Maurepas, whose character was a compound of frankness and severity. Thrice had he repulsed the French at the gorge of Trois-Rivières; he had at once the glory and the misfortune to go over to the French with victorious arms. The elevation of his soul equalled his valor. He preserved a tender feeling for the master whose slave he had been; he caused funeral honors to be paid to that master, and when his grave had been negligently prepared, he threw off his upper garment in order to perform the pious office properly. Among men of his own blood he was a powerful chief. A spirit of order and justice prevailed in his life. His riches, which were considerable, were given up to pillage. It would almost seem as if so much excellence were subjected to so much ignominy, expressly to show that while black men are capable of any virtue, white men are capable of any crime. Certainly, my narrative is replete with instances which, beyond a question, prove that moral as well as mental excellence is independent of the varieties of color.
This brutal punishment, preceded by vile perfidy, filled the camps of the insurgents with horror. That horror was augmented when Rochambeau, at the Cape, put to death five hundred prisoners. On the place of execution, and under the eyes of the victims, they dug a large hole for their grave, so that the poor wretches may be said to have been present at their own funeral.
Far from cowing the rebels into submission, this savagery fired more ferocious resistance from men, women, and children who now perceived that their race subjected them to wholesale and arbitrary cruelty that no display of loyalty could overcome.
A terrible retribution was determined upon. Dessalines erected 500 gibbets, and hanged half a regiment of French that he had captured by a bold countermarch. A war of extermination followed, and in December, 1803, aided by an English squadron, the French were compelled to evacuate the island.
January 1, 1804 is Haiti's Independence Day.
* By way of marriage to Napoleon's sister Pauline. Pauline enjoyed the Saint-Domingue adventure more than did her spouse; she sported with lovers and balked at returning to France. "Here," she noted, "I reign like Josephine; I hold first place."
This character is the subject of a recent biography.
** After expelling the French and becoming the first ruler of independent Haiti, Dessalines took a page from Napoleon's own playbook and crowned himself Emperor.
1925: Fritz Angerstein, crime without criminal - 2019
1541: Claude Le Painctre, giving himself willingly to be burned - 2018
1787: Margaret Savage, repeat offender - 2017
1933: John Fleming, not taking it too hard - 2016
1698: Sarah, for her whoredoms - 2015
1326: Edmund FitzAlan, the Earl of Arundel - 2014
1922: Taffy Long, Herbert Hull, and David Lewis, Rand rebels - 2013
1600: The corpses of John and Alexander Ruthven, for the Gowrie conspiracy - 2012
1998: Kenneth Allen McDuff, Texas nightmare - 2010
1909: Leonard Groce and Lee Roy Cannon, American mercenaries in Nicaragua - 2009
1939: Nine Czech students - 2008
1720: Captain John "Calico Jack" Rackham - 2007
1781: Tupac Amaru II, Incan insurgent
1716: Banda Singh Bahadur
1905: Rebellious workers of the Red Presnia district
1550: The leaders of the Prayer Book Rebellion
1941: Forty-eight French hostages
Entry Filed under: At Sea,Borderline "Executions",Capital Punishment,Cycle of Violence,Death Penalty,Drowned,Execution,Fictional,Gruesome Methods,History,Hostages,Innocent Bystanders,Martyrs,Mass Executions,No Formal Charge,Power,Revolutionaries,Separatists,Soldiers,Women
Tags: 1800s, 1802, cap haitien, charles leclerc, haitian revolution, jacques maurepas, jean-jacques dessalines, napoleon bonaparte, nationalism, november 17, pauline bonaparte, racism, toussaint l'ouverture
Unspecified date: British soldiers by urophagia
Add comment October 7th, 2011 Headsman
Today is the 10th anniversary of America's post-9/11 invasion of Afghanistan, two short decades after the Soviets tried the same thing with disastrous results.
Never get involved in a land war in Asia …
In honor of this impressive anniversary, we travel back in time and into the twilit frontier between fact and legend to another century's intervention in that Graveyard of Empires — the Second Anglo-Afghan War, 1878-1880. Dr. Watson was there; maybe even his literary compatriot Sherlock Holmes, too.
It's too bad we don't have the services of those excellent detectives in this matter. We can't date this particular method, or attribute any specific victim to it, or even substantiate the actuality of the practice to our liking (though there are several books by British soldiers of that war which traffick in the report). Frankly, everything about it smells. But we think you'll agree that execution by urophagia is a story that needs to be told.
The following is an account from a biography of English officer and novelist John Masters. We'll label it Mature Content both for what it describes and the manner of its description, just to make you really want to savor every word.
War for the Pathans [Pashtuns] was an honourable, exciting and manly exercise, in which each succeeding generation needed to prove itself, but war was also ruthless; no mercy was shown and none was expected. Neither side aimed to take prisoners. The Pathans customarily mutilated and then beheaded any wounded or dead who fell into their hands. Women often carried out these operations. A well-known torture was called the Thousand Cuts, whereby flesh woulds were newly made and grass and thorns pushed into them so that they would hurt horribly. A prisoner might be pegged out on the ground and his jaw forcibly opened with a stick so that he could not swallow, then women would urinate in his mouth until he drowned. Frank Baines, who served on the North-West Frontier and later with Masters in Burma, put it more crudely:* 'If you got captured, you were not only killed in a lively and imaginative manner, you were carved up and quartered and had your cock cut off and stuffed in your mouth for good measure.'
-John Clay in John Masters: A Regimented Life
* Baines penned this memorable line for his book Officer Boy
1938: Adam "Eddie" Richetti, Pretty Boy Floyd sidekick - 2020
2004: Ken Bigley, Iraq War hostage - 2019
1967: The Asaba Massacre - 2018
1415: Lello Capocci, schism victim - 2017
1989: Francis Minah, Vice President of Sierra Leone - 2016
1546: The Fourteen of Meaux - 2015
1998: Jonathan Wayne Nobles - 2014
1536: Sebastiano de Montecuccoli, poisoner of the heir? - 2013
1898: Alfred C. Williams - 2012
1924: Frank Johnson, the first electrocuted in Florida - 2010
2007: Five women in Hoiryeong Public Stadium - 2009
1943: 98 American civilian contractors on Wake Island - 2008
1191: Muslim prisoners at Acre
1996: Dr. Mohammad Najibullah
Entry Filed under: 19th Century,Afghanistan,Borderline "Executions",Capital Punishment,Cycle of Violence,Death Penalty,Drowned,England,Execution,History,Known But To God,Mature Content,No Formal Charge,Occupation and Colonialism,Public Executions,Soldiers,Summary Executions,Torture,Urophagia,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1870s, doctor watson, frank baines, john masters, pashtuns, second anglo-afghan war, sherlock holmes, urophagia
2 comments March 20th, 2011 Headsman
This is the date in 1393 when the Catholic patron saint of Bohemia, John of Nepomuk (or John Nepomucene) was tossed from Prague's Charles Bridge into the Vltava River to drown at the order of the Holy Roman Emperor Wenceslaus.
Baroque statue of John Nepomuk on the Charles Bridge from which he was hurled. (cc) image from Jaguar Julie
A relief detail ((cc) image from Charles Hoffman) on this statue depicts the moment of Nepomuk's martyrdom.
This Wenceslaus — not be confused with the good King Wenceslaus of song — had a tetchy relationship with powers ecclesiastical and temporal.
But although Wenceslaus did martyr a fellow by the handle of John of Pomuk or Nepomuk, the latter makes this blog because of political tension centuries afterward. Despite the date of his corporeal death, John of Nepomuk is really a counter-reformation saint.
Between the late 14th century and Catholic Austria's bloody 17th century triumph over Czech nationalism the historical Nepomucene parted company pretty definitively.
The real John of Nepomuk was the General Vicar of the local archbishop, John of Jenstein (or Jenzenstein), whose skirmishes with Wenceslaus over the boundaries of royal authority caused historian Albert Wratislaw to draw a Thomas a Becket comparison.*
In the event, the latest manifestation of that disputatious relationship — the king's attempt to seize some monastic revenues — caused Wenceslaus to completely fly off the handle and arrest several of the archbishop's advisors, among whom was our sainted martyr.
Wenceslaus personally oversaw their torture and ordered their drowning, but someone talked him out of the execution part. The king at that point had a sort of mini-Guantanamo Bay situation: he had in hand several people whom he had arrested arbitrarily and tortured, whose release would only further embarrass his own royal self. He therefore prevailed upon them to trade their silence for their liberty.
The other arrestees counted their blessings and accepted this expedient exchange. John of Nepomuk, perhaps because he was already tortured near to the point of death, refused. He was consequently "dragged through the streets to the bridge, there his hands were tied behind him, a piece of wood was thrust into his mouth, his feet were tied to his head in the form of a wheel, and he was thrown into the river."*
The Nepomucene's legend really grew after his death: in its most splendidly devotional form, as the proto-martyr for the seal of the confessional, which he supposedly kept as the queen's confessor when Wenceslaus suspected her of infidelity. (An ironic inversion to say the least, since it was actually John's more timorous co-accused who distinguished themselves with their silence.)
This is a much more edifying martyrdom altogether, so little wonder that the sourcing on John of Pomuk over the succeeding centuries is a hot mess; later scholars would actually speculate as to whether there might not have been two priests of this name who were both martyred by Wenceslaus, so dissimilar were the legends.
Nepomuk's elevation to legend, and thereafter to the patron saint of Bohemia, would come in part thanks to a great Czech religious reformer who arose at the end of Wenceslaus's reign — Jan Hus.
This other, heretical John became woven into the emerging Bohemian national sense; he still remains there today. When the Catholic authorities beat back a Protestant and nationalist revolt in 1620 and imposed Catholicism from above,** Saint John of Nepomuk, martyr, was ready at hand for propagandists of the new order. At least, the legendary, confessional-keeping Nepomuk was ready … because this was not a job for the random cleric-bureaucrat who'd been done to death in some forgotten dispute over rent.
For three hundred years two holy men have been rivals for the reverence of the Cech people. One of them, Saint John Nepomuk, was exalted by the Jesuits, who after the battle of the White Hill in 1620 sought to win back the Cechs to the Roman obedience. … His rival for the position of national hero has been Jan Hus, who, during the reign and under the favour of that same king Wenceslas, led the revolt of the Cechs against the ecclesiastical domination of Rome and the secular domination of Germany, and was martyred as a heretic and rebel at the council of Constance in 1415. From that date until the extinction of the independent Bohemian state by the forces of the Empire and the Counter-Reformation in 1620, Hus was publicly honoured by his fellow-countrymen as the champion of national and religious liberty. From 1620 to 1918 his rival was exalted in his place …†
John of Nepomuk today is depicted in statuary on the Charles Bridge (the spot on the bridge where he was thrown over is also marked with a plaque) and is well-represented throughout Catholic central and eastern Europe. Owing to his patronage portfolios of bridges and flood victims, you might also find the Nepomucene in many a topical posting throughout the world — like the very spot of Christianity's European triumph, Rome's Milvian Bridge.
(Somewhat less gloriously, the promulgation of this saint's name and fame mean it also attaches to John Nepomuk Schrank, a Bavarian immigrant to the U.S. who attempted in 1912 to assassinate former president cum presidential candidate yet again Theodore Roosevelt.)
* Wratislaw, "John of Jenstein, Archbishop of Prague, 1378-1397," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, Vol. 7 (1878), pp. 30-57. Wratislaw wrote a now-public-domain book about St. John available here.
** Bohemia's Catholicization is perhaps the classic case in early modern Europe of the Reformation being rolled back from above and from afar. The recent (and none too affordable) book Converting Bohemia: Force and Persuasion in the Catholic Reformation takes a nuanced survey of Bohemia's transformation from a Protestant to a Catholic bastion … and as the title suggests, finds many of the Catholic components home-grown.
† R.R. Betts, "Jan Hus," History, Volume 24, Issue 94 (September 1939), pp. 97–112.
2020: The Nirbhaya Gang Rapists - 2020
1535: Thomas More, the king's good servant but God's first
1389: Saint Tsar Lazar, after the Battle of Kosovo
1967: Ernesto "Che" Guevara
Feast Day of St. Stephen
Entry Filed under: 14th Century,Arts and Literature,Borderline "Executions",Capital Punishment,Czechoslovakia,Death Penalty,Drowned,Execution,Fictional,God,History,Holy Roman Empire,Martyrs,Myths,No Formal Charge,Notable Jurisprudence,Notable Participants,Popular Culture,Power,Religious Figures,Summary Executions,Torture,Wrongful Executions
Tags: 1390s, 1393, catholicism, jan hus, john of nepomuk, march 20, nationalism, propaganda, saint, wenceslaus iv
1582: Philippe Strozzi, corsair
2 comments July 27th, 2010 Headsman
On this date in 1582, Philippe Strozzi, the Florentine-born commander of a French naval expedition against the Spanish was summarily executed as a pirate.
The Strozzi were long one of Florence's wealthy and powerful families, as evidenced by, say, the Strozzi Palace, or the Strozzi coat of arms on Michelangelo's Doni Tondo.
That made the Strozzi sometime-allies, sometime-rivals* of Florence's more famous powerbrokers, the Medici. It is in both capacities that we meet Philippe (English Wikipedia entry | Italian | French).
To cut a centuries-long story short, the Strozzi had basically come out on the wrong side of the power struggle in the 16th century.
Philippe's father, Piero Strozzi, was the child of a Strozzi-Medici union, and Piero too married a Medici. He also fought the Medici for power and ended up in exile whereupon he gravitated to the French court of … Catherine de' Medici. (Catherine had been educated at the home of Philippe's grandfather, Filippo Strozzi.) Catherine then turned around and used Piero as a French Marshal, including sending him to back Tuscan city-state Siena in opposition to its (and France's) rival, Florence.**
Your basic tangled geopolitical-genealogical web.
Bottom line, Piero's son Philippe was born in Florence but grew up Gallic, and fought in the French army all over the continent from the time he was a teenager.
When France got involved in the War of Portuguese Succession, they put this warlike fellow aboard a boat and sent him to dispute Spanish King Philip II's attempt to claim the Portuguese throne and unify the Iberian peninsula.
Strozzi's armada got its clock cleaned at the naval Battle of Ponta Delgada near the Azores, with devastating loss of life.
The Spanish galleon San Mateo, which did yeoman service at this battle.
Since Spain and France were putatively at peace, Spain treated its captives not as prisoners of war but as pirates, and proceeded to execute several hundred in Vila Franca do Campo. Strozzi didn't even get that much ceremony, however; the day after the battle, he was mortally stabbed, then tossed into the waves.
Happily, the name and the fame of the Strozzi outlived Spanish justice. In the next century, a distant relative by the handle of Barbara Strozzi became one of the most renowned composers of Baroque vocal music. (As befits wealthy Italians of the Renaissance, the Strozzi were big on the arts; Philippe was supposed to be a fine musician himself.)
* The Strozzi-Medici conflict frames the action in the play Lorenzaccio, in which the titular Brutus-like character mulls assassinating the Medici dictator in order to restore the Republic, only to find no such restoration in the offing once he actually does the deed; the father and grandfather of our day's protagonists are both principal characters.
** That didn't work. Strozzi was trounced at the Battle of Marciano, which signaled the permanent demise of the ancient city-state's independence.
1942: Valentin Feldman, "Imbeciles, it is for you that I die!" - 2020
2019: Ali Hakim al-Arab and Ahmad al-Mullali, Bahrain opposition - 2019
1681: Donald Cargill, Covenanter rebel - 2018
1820: Stephen Sullivan, for murdering the Colleen Bawn - 2017
1734: Pierce Tobin and Walter Kelly, "a Spectacle both to Men and Angels!" - 2016
1676: Matoonas, a Nipmuc shot on Boston Common - 2015
1973: Mimi Wong Weng Siu, jealous hostess - 2014
1781: Francois Henri de la Motte, French spy - 2013
1916: Captain Charles Fryatt, illegal combatant - 2012
1990: Gideon Orkar, for a Nigerian coup - 2011
Special: One Thousand and One Nights for One Thousand and One Deaths - 2010
1915: 167 Haitian political prisoners - 2009
1794: The last cart of the Terror, not including the Marquis de Sade - 2008
284: Aper, by Diocletian
193: Didius Julianus, who bought the purple from the Praetorians
1821: Tudor Vladimirescu, Romanian revolutionary
Entry Filed under: 16th Century,At Sea,Borderline "Executions",Drowned,Execution,France,History,No Formal Charge,Nobility,Piracy,Pirates,Portugal,Power,Put to the Sword,Soldiers,Spain,Summary Executions,Wartime Executions
Tags: 1580s, 1582, alessandro de medici, azores, battle of marciano, battle of ponta delgado, catherine de' medici, filippo di piero strozzi, filippo strozzi, Florence, july 27, lorenzaccio, michelangelo, philip ii, philippe strozzi, piero strozzi, politics, siena, strozzi palace, vila franca do campo, war of portuguese succession
1781: The slaves of the Zong, for the insurance
8 comments November 29th, 2009 Headsman
Beginning this day in 1781, the captain of the slave ship Zong began throwing his cargo overboard in a still-notorious case combining the horrors of the Middle Passage with the cruel rapacity of capital.
The Liverpool-based ship was en route from Africa to Jamaica, there to exchange its human chattel for New World produce bound for the European market.
Characteristically for slave ships, it was inhumanly packed: more economical for a slaver to overcrowd its captives and write off the ones who died than to maximize slaves' chances of survival. And on this particular ship, malnutrition and disease claimed more than 60 slaves (as well as seven crew members).
Underwater sculpture off Grenada commemorating slaves thrown overboard during the Middle Passage.
With many more in danger of expiring, Captain Luke Collingwood reasoned that the cargo would be a loss if it succumbed, but that shippers' insurance would reimburse the firm "when slaves are killed, or thrown into thrown into the sea in order to quell an insurrection." Over a three-day span beginning Nov. 29, 1781, Collingwood had 133 still-living but sick slaves cast overboard;* "the last ten victims sprang disdainfully from the grasp of their executioners, and leaped into the sea triumphantly embracing death." (Source)
This gave the ship's owners — the good captain himself was not among them — the chance to attempt an insurance scam.
This historical-philosophical book (review, a pdf) analyzes the Zong affair as the emblematic "inauguration of a long twentieth century underwritten by the development of an Atlantic cycle of capital accumulation."
When the Zong landed having lost in total more than half of its original 440 slaves (and Collingwood himself, that fastidious servant of his shareholders), its owners did indeed attempt to recoup the many who had been intentionally killed. Smelling fraud, the insurer refused to pay.
There followed the signal case of Gregson v. Gilbert, a dry insurance trial that also became a beacon of the slave system's blood-chilling jurisprudential logic.
After a jury sided with the claimant shippers against the insurers, the matter hit a wide public on appeal before Lord Chief Justice Mansfield when abolitionist activists Granville Sharp and Olaudah Equiano seized upon its conscience-shocking quality.
While Sharp and Equiano agitated unavailingly for a homicide investigation, the insurer — which was itself in the very same business of human bondage as the shipper — self-righteously posed "as counsel for millions of mankind, and the cause of humanity in general." (Source) Its interests, after all, would be served by the least possible indemnity for slaves murdered in passage.
Solicitor-General John Lee — "the learned advocate for Liverpool iniquity," in Sharp's estimation — successfully insisted upon limiting the case to its commercial considerations.
What is this claim that human people have been thrown overboard? This is a case of chattels or goods. Blacks are goods and property; it is madness to accuse these well serving honourable men of murder. They acted out of necessity and in the most appropriate manner for the cause. The late Captain Collingwood acted in the interest of his ship to protect the safety of his crew. To question the judgment of an experienced, well-travelled captain held in the highest regard is one of folly, especially when talking of slaves. The case is the same as if horses had been thrown overboard. (Quoted here; Wikipedia has it "as if wood had been thrown overboard.")
Lord Mansfield agreed, "(though it shocks one very much) that the case of slaves was the same as … horses," and simply found with the insurers that no liability attached them since the killings were voluntary rather than necessary.
Nobody was ever prosecuted.
The disturbing 1840 Turner seascape "Slavers throwing overboard the Dead and Dying – Typon [sic] coming on", also known simply as "The Slave Ship", is widely thought to have been inspired by the Zong episode. The allusion would have been well-known to his contemporaries.
* One of the 133 survived by climbing back aboard the ship.
1881: Percy Lefroy Mapleton, police sketch milestone - 2019
1937: Vincenzo Baccala - 2018
1343: A dozen Breton nobles - 2017
1740: Edward Shuel, for a Catholic-Protestant marriage - 2016
1986: The Moiwana Massacre - 2015
1793: Antoine Barnave, constitutional monarchist - 2014
1284: Alice Bowe and her friends - 2013
1938: Branislaw Tarashkyevich, Belarusian linguist - 2012
1330: Roger Mortimer, usurper - 2011
1957: Adolfas Ramanauskas-Vanagas - 2010
1517: Torben Oxe - 2008
1941: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya - 2007
Themed Set: Women Against Fascism - 2007
1503: Anacaona and the caciques of Xaragua
1943: 98 American civilian contractors on Wake Island
1814: Six slaves in Guyana
Entry Filed under: 18th Century,Arts and Literature,At Sea,Borderline "Executions",Disfavored Minorities,Drowned,England,Execution,Executions Survived,History,Jamaica,Known But To God,Mass Executions,No Formal Charge,Notable Jurisprudence,Occupation and Colonialism,Pelf,Racial and Ethnic Minorities,Slaves,Summary Executions
Tags: 1780s, 1781, art, granville sharp, gregson v. gilbert, insurance, insurance fraud, jmw turner, john lee, luke collingwood, november 29, olaudah equiano, slave trade, slavery, william murray, zong


text:
Are the Actions by the City of Reidsville Illegal?
Jessica Szilagyi
After issuing a call for a special meeting late Thursday evening, the Reidsville City Council met for meeting on Monday morning at 8:00 a.m.
In attendance at the meeting was Mayor Eddie Rewis, five of six councilmen and women, the city attorney, Van Cheney, and the city clerk, Kellie Murray. Also in attendance were citizens Sydney Clifton -who is running for Mayor of Reidsville-, David Avery from the Tattnall County Chamber of Commerce, and myself, contributor for All On Georgia.
Upon arriving at the City of Reidsville town hall, a notice was posted on the door indicating that the meeting was for executive session. No reason was stated, so I asked a receptionist behind the desk. She didn't know, but directed me to the city attorney, Van Cheney, who responded, "I don't run the meetings."
The meeting started at exactly 8:00 a.m., the invocation and Pledge of Allegiance were completed and immediately upon returning to our seats, a motion was made to move to executive session. No reason was stated. The citizens exited and waited in the lobby for over an hour as the council convened behind closed doors.
Georgia law cites that executive sessions may be called for specific purposes, strictly limited to:
Human relations/ personnel
Property (negotiations, leases, or purchases)
Pending litigation matters
No action may be taken during executive session and if there is a quorum, no official business may be taken. The law is over 15 years old. It is clear.
Georgia law also states that in addition to filing an affidavit for the reason of the executive session with the official meeting minutes, a reason must be stated upon exit to and from executive session to be entered in the official meeting minutes. Neither of those things happened.
Just after 9 a.m., the public was called back into the meeting where it was said that councilwoman Susan Fountain Thomas, who just happens to be running against sitting mayor Eddie Rewis, would be paying an unknown amount of money back to the City of Reidsville.
Mrs. Thomas is the former city clerk of Reidsville. When she was clerk, her daughter-in-law worked in the office and when her daughter-in-law took maternity leave, Mrs. Thomas gifted her paid sick time to her daughter-in-law, a practice that was completely legal and in accordance with city policy. It happened frequently and with several police officers and other personnel on city payroll. Shortly after gifting her accrued sick time, Mrs. Fountain resigned as clerk and ran for city council. She won and has been serving and is now running for mayor in the November election.
In what seemed like a last ditch effort to humiliate Councilwoman Thomas, the councilman sitting adjacent to Mayor Rewis, Councilman Virgil Duckworth, called for Mrs. Thomas to be removed from the council and investigated by the GBI. The motion was not seconded and failed. A motion was made for Mrs. Thomas to pay back the sick time she donated to her daughter-in-law, which passed, though the amount is unknown and Attorney Cheney is supposed to report back with an amount soon.
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to understand why Mrs. Thomas is being targeted on an issue that took place over four years ago – her grandson who was spoiled with the gift of extended maternity leave with his mother is now four years old. Mrs. Thomas has also had public spats with the Mayor -on record in official minutes – not limited to last week's confrontation about the Mayor's boat sitting in the city work shop.
Following the meeting, I approached city attorney Van Cheney to ask him about the executive session. The conversation occurred as follows:
Jessica: Mr. Cheney, are you aware that what just happened in the council meeting by calling executive session without a specific reason was against Georgia law?
Mr. Cheney: I didn't know that.
Jessica: Aside from the fact that it looks terrible for transparency, you could actually be fined for each person in that room participating in the meeting.
Mr. Cheney: Thank you for your advice.
As the day continued on, the story continued to unfold. It is interesting, to say the least, that Mr. Cheney claimed he was unaware that reasons must be expressly stated in the official meeting minutes because Evans County court records indicate that his brother, Mr. Glen Cheney, represented The Claxton Enterprise in 1999 when the newspaper sued the Evans County Board of Commissioners for wrongfully entering into an executive session and forcing the public out of the room. The case went all the way to the Georgia Court of Appeals where The Claxton Enterprise ultimately prevailed and monetary restitution was awarded. The case was a huge deal in the county and still talked about today.
There's another point here though. I spoke with several city attorney's around Georgia and the consensus is the same: The City of Reidsville is walking a very fine line calling Susan Fountain Thomas "personnel." She is an elected official and cannot be hired or fired by the city council, meaning, she is not under direct supervision of the council. Interestingly enough, the case of The Claxton Enterprise v. Evans County Board of Commissioners, cited the exact same loophole with regard to who is and isn't personnel. It also fails the public on perception when a specially called executive session is used to target a mayoral candidate.
Another consensus among city attorney's: The public should not have been excluded from the meeting Monday.
What's to come is still unknown. I've filed open records requests pertaining to some missing money from the city bank accounts as well as a pending contract where the City of Reidsville is planning to buy an office building and land from city attorney Mr. Van Cheney. I also plan to seek sworn affidavits from the councilmen and women on the matters discussed in executive session.
Jessica Szilagyi is a former Statewide Contributor for AllOnGeorgia.com.
Town of Register Moves to Resolve Finances
Column: Should Reidsville Be Purchasing Property from the City Attorney?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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to spot when browsing installed package contents.
and might be rejected as soon as it might become mandatory.
> tar-1.16.1.tar.bz2 plus sig is available upstream.
message object files. This version doesn't.
* The changes in cvs look fine.
and a created patch shows no accidental conversions.
or supposed to be 0x0a instead.


text:
Report: Former Legislator Caught in Lurid Sex Scandal Was Known as the "Club Med of Weed"
BY HOLLY RAMER
CONCORD, N.H. (AP) — A former state lawmaker charged with trying to lure a 14-year-old girl into a sexual encounter also smoked marijuana in the Statehouse and sold the drug to several other legislators, but there wasn't enough evidence to charge them with drug crimes, the attorney general said Friday.
Former state Rep. Kyle Tasker, a 30-year-old Republican, resigned in March after his arrest on three unrelated drug charges and a charge of trying to lure a minor for sex. He and his lawyer haven't commented on the charges, and his attorney didn't immediately respond to an email seeking comment Friday.
According to Attorney General Joseph Foster's report, a state police review of Tasker's iPad and Facebook activity led investigators to four state representatives: Democrat Amanda Bouldin and Republicans Joseph Lachance, Pamela Tucker and Ted Wright.
Bouldin told investigators she didn't buy marijuana from Tasker but smoked it with him in his car and was with him while he smoked it in the Statehouse, the attorney general's report said. Recreational marijuana use is illegal in the state.
Lachance was the only one who made multiple drug purchases from Tasker, the report said. He told authorities he needed marijuana to help with chronic pain and other conditions and has since obtained a medical marijuana card. He called Tasker the "Club Med of weed," in reference to the variety of high-end and high-priced strains of the drug he offered.
Lachance and Bouldin, both from Manchester, are up for re-election in November.
Tucker, who did not seek re-election and briefly sought the Republican nomination for a U.S. House seat this year, was "evasive" in her interview with investigators, the attorney general's report said.
Tucker, of Greenland, said she bought marijuana from Tasker once, along with two vials of "elixir" containing marijuana for "sleep and energy," according to the report. She said personal problems prompted her to medicate herself and she stopped buying marijuana "because it was hypocritical to use marijuana when her official position as a legislator was to oppose its use," it said.
Wright, who is from Sanbornville and also did not run for re-election this year, told authorities he bought marijuana to help his wife cope with the debilitating side effects of her breast cancer treatment.
None of the four immediately returned phone calls seeking comment Friday.
House Speaker Shawn Jasper, a Republican from Hudson, said those who have committed crimes should "consider whether their actions have compromised the dignity and integrity of the New Hampshire House of Representatives."
"There are no charges, and therefore no criminal proceedings, but the voters will decide whether or not the representatives running for re-election deserve their votes," Jasper said.
At the time of Tasker's arrest he was in his third two-year term representing the towns of Candia, Deerfield, Northwood and Nottingham. Police say he communicated with a 14-year-old girl over Facebook, offering to get her alcohol and marijuana and proposing sexual encounters. Police say he tried to meet the girl but instead was met by law enforcement officers engaging in an undercover operation with permission from the girl and her mother.
The attorney general's office concluded there was sufficient evidence to charge Tasker in connection with his drug sales to lawmakers but a jury would be unlikely to convict him. The report said the multiple felonies he already faces are sufficient to hold him accountable.
For all of HIGH TIMES' marijuana news, click here.
Related Topics:New Hampshire
New Hampshire Senate Delays Action on Marijuana Legalization Bill
New Hampshire Senate Approves Medical Marijuana Home Cultivation Bill
New Hampshire Senate Considering Recreational Cannabis Legalization Bill
New Hampshire House Passes Cannabis Legalization Bill
New Hampshire House Committee Approves Marijuana Legalization Bill
Activism1 hour ago


I grew up in Youngstown, Ohio. In middle school, my family moved to Florida, but we always kept our ties with Northeast Ohio. My brother went to Camp Wise; many years later, I ended up moving back to Cleveland and taking a job as the Assistant Director for Camp Wise.
IMPACT! Volunteers:Sign up now and get training over the summer for volunteer options that begin after school starts. Most training workshops will take place at the Jewish Federation of Cleveland.
Hello, my name is Trevor Yasinow and I am currently doing my Onward internship at Signals Analytics in Netanya as a finance intern.
Max Bleich shares his experience so far as an Onward Israel participant.
Melanie Blumenthal shares his experience so far as an Onward Israel participant.
Adults 50+: Volunteer in Beit Shean!
The Jewish Federation of Cleveland is now seeking participants ages 50 and over for "Volunteer Beit Shean," a hands-on volunteer experience to Beit Shean, Cleveland's sister city in Israel. The city is known for its world-class hiking trails, beautiful natural springs, amazing bird watching, and spectacular ancient ruins. Volunteers will immerse themselves in Israeli culture while improving the lives of others.
Find out how Deena Epstein of Shaker Heights is making an IMPACT! by volunteering.
In a low interest-rate environment, a charitable gift annuity offers an attractive solution if you seek steady income, an attractive return and low risk. A CGA gives the added satisfaction of doing well by doing good.
Rachel Lieberman just returned to Cleveland after nine months in Israel. She was volunteering through Masa Israel, a post-college service program, part of I-Connect, an initiative of the Jewish Federation of Cleveland. Rachel chronicled her journey with Masa throughout her time there. Read about her Israeli experience and discover the adventures she had.


Today, one of the hot spots of tourism development is "The Northern Coast".
Until now Egypt's Mediterranean coast, is regarded as the 500 kilometer shoreline spanning from the resort town of Agami just west of Alexandria, until the City of MarsaMatrouh approaching the Libyan border.
The Mediterranean coast is one of the region's fastest-growing luxury hospitality area.
The white, sandy beaches and crystal blue water are now looking to attract Arab and European visitors seeking all year around sun and relaxation.
A great place for both Families & Individuals to spend a relaxing time, Located in Lotus Village - Kilo 91-92, and only 08 Kilometers before Marina Gate 01.
At our Hotel, we make sure that our guests enjoy the finest accommodation.
For all the guests who likes to live their life to the fullest and want to spend their time surrounded by finest accommodation. Beautiful design in an environment that is soothing and memorable.This is gardenia plaza hotel North Coast.
Is a marvelous sandy beach, ideal to enjoy sunbathing and swimming in calm transparent crystal Sea water.
The large multi leveled lagoon, over looking the Mediterranean Sea, with one of the largest aqua theme parks at the north coast and surrounded by lovely outlets, serving fresh food and beverage.
Gardenia Northern Coast is a Cozy Resort with a capacity of 38 luxury Rooms, all are equipped to meet every needs and every taste.
the main priority. All our spacious guest rooms are distinguished with a magnificent view overlooking the swimming pool.
- Gardenia Main Restaurant: with a Capacity of 80 Seats.
- Gardenia Beach & Food Court (El Souk): Serving Seafood, Grilled Food, Oriental Food and Coffee Shop.
A modern Riley Billiard Dashboard with music and drinks.
Feel the orient charm at our Shisha corner; enjoy Soft & Hot beverages and experience smoking Shisha (The famous Arabian Water-Pipe).
Parties & Live Band around the Lake, 7 Days a week.
Large beautiful kid's play-ground with a magnificent greenery area, with kids slides & Swings.
8 Abd elHamid Abd elWahab St., off Makram Ebaid St., Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.


The current LEAF-7 questionnaire is the result of work started by Age UK Wakefield District in 2009 to develop an effective assessment and outcomes measurement tool. The questionnaire has been through several iterations in the intervening years following advice first from Leeds Beckett University and more recently Sheffield Hallam University. During this time the main priority has been to develop a way of assessing a person's quality of life that is easy to understand and use, facilitating a productive discussion between client and support worker, even when someone has some impaired comprehension, is feeling depressed or is not coping well.
At the same time, the questionnaire needs to be sufficiently reliable and accurate to be accepted by statutory bodies wanting to understand the impact that can be associated with the services they fund.
A version similar in format to the 2016 questionnaire was first introduced at the start of 2015 and since then more than 3000 assessments have been performed with it.
Manage their daily living and manage their health, have the social contact they want, do the things they value and the things they enjoy, feel safe and secure and live their life in the way that they choose. Each question has the same four options for rating their situation: completely, mostly, little and hardly at all.
In an assessment, the support worker will focus particularly on the lower ratings selected and try to determine from the person the reasons why the ratings were low and what kinds of actions and support might improve them.
In outcomes measurement terms, we can look at a person's or a group of people's ratings and compare these with ratings before and after support and, between different groups. We can also look at ratings on total scores and benchmark individuals and groups against typical mean averages.
Sheffield Hallam University undertook a validation exercise of the 2016 LEAF questionnaire. The resulting report (September 2016) showed that LEAF performed favourably in all the tested areas – face validity, internal reliability, factor structure, concurrent and test-retest validity. A summary of the findings is available here and the full report is available on request.
The LEAF-7 questionnaire was tested alongside a version of the ONS Life Satisfaction (LS) question (How satisfied are you with your life nowadays?) with a shortened scale. The analyses showed that the internal reliability and factor structure of LEAF-7 were equally robust regardless as to whether the LS question was incorporated into the tool or not. Therefore organisations are free to decide whether to use the LS question alongside LEAF-7, or not. The advantage of using the LS question is that it provides results that are easy to communicate about changes in a fairly graspable concept – life satisfaction. The main disadvantages are that the numerical scale can be challenging for some clients and the idea of a life satisfaction rating can be counterproductive where someone has recently experienced bereavement or received a terminal diagnosis.
LEAF-7 comprises a 6-page paper assessment form and accompanying user manual. The assessment form has a customisable header page for recording personal information about the person undertaking the assessment.
Subsequent pages hold the seven self-assessment questions and provide boxes where the support worker marks the ratings selected and can add key points relating to each. There are text boxes for summarising the person's situation at the first interview and setting out the action plan. There are also boxes for noting points arising in review meetings, further actions and any key points (such as the nature of any ongoing support) when closing the referral.
The questionnaire also assesses whether a person is able to manage financially.
It is important to recognise that the tool works effectively because the questions are embedded within a standard framework for supporting a person – assessment, action planning and review. As the questions are indivisible from the framework, the support process as a whole becomes more consistent, systematic and easier to quality assure.
We have found that the form works best when it is completed by being hand-written. Our pilots have shown that tablets or netbooks are slow and fiddly and likely to provide a distraction for both support worker and the client from the assessment and subsequent conversations.


Our program of levels begins with the Water Comfort levels. These are for babies and children of all ages that need to master the first and most important step to swim thru life: water acclimation and confidence.
Teacher-led class for babies and their parents or caregivers.
For babies age 1 ½ to 2 ½ years old.
Extensions to lessons taught in Waterbabies I. Safety skills and foundational swimming skills such as back floating, turnaround swims, reaching for the wall and climbing out of the pool.
Parents assist their babies as they experience independent floating sensations as well as multiple opportunities for submersions.
A maximum of 7 babies along with their parent or caregiver will be in the water under the direction of a trained teacher.


First off, thank to the New Belfry WebComics Index for the great link!
And then… As you can see above, this is the frozen 2-D reference I took for the last panel of today's strip, and I do that for every panel.
Which brings me to sending out thanks to Bob Goff. My plan for the main spaceship is to design the entire interior as a 3-D model, and use that as a reference. I hired Matt Nolan (Thanks, Matt!) to turn my spaceship pencils into 3-D hulls, and then with the help of Bob (and some beginning assistance from Nick and Rob) we've been fleshing out the entire inside. Bob's lent his strengths with focusing on the forest (I'm good at trees) as well as the more precision work (I'm still quite amateur at Sketchup). He also designed the Ring-Deck, the center of the ship, a piece of beauty. Thanks, Bob!
I put a lot of thought into how to draw Spacetrawler. I chose this 3-D reference method because I feel in a sci-fi story the background plays a very important role, setting the tone and place, so much so that it's almost as if it's one of the characters (much in the same way as I've used it before). I didn't want merely a hint of the surroundings, I wanted a solid consistent fleshed out reality, so that you, as the reader, would feel more that you're there, in the foreignness of it, the isolation, that you could become an astronaut.
Interesting. This is the third web comic I follow that uses 3D graphics for background reference. One of the others even uses it for a spaceship, just like you.
Neat! One possible downside: you won't be able to make spaceships that seem bigger on the inside than on the outside.
and on a related note, you wouldn't happen to have modeled Mr. Zorilla's house, would you?
2. I know Martina likes to try out new things, but how did she know she had to put the helmet on her head? Taking the word head alone, the Spanish word is "cabeza", and the French word is "tête": very, very different one from the other. How much happens between pannels 1 and 2 then?
3. Funny that Dimitri is the one who reaches out for the helmet (though it may not be him; I'm judging by skin tone alone, here) when Emily tosses it, given that he has the wrong idea of what it does; or is his English that good that he could deduce what it was for from Emily's comment alone? I don't know, but somehow, the explanation that he just wanted to get stone seems more fitting.
Lastly, and since I'm several days late, great strip! You could probably split it into 4-panel chunks and still have it work. I'm thinking the tendancy to close with a joke every 4th panel is something you're doing because of your experience with Dee, but I sure hope you don't "grow" out of it!
I did model Zorilla's house. It's how I learned the program, actually.
1. Living in the American southwest outback, it is not odd that she has an okay grasp of Spanish.
2. NOGG puts it on her head. She does nothing.
3. It is Dimitri, although I'll leave you to decide the reason. The motivation for me using him is that he was of least resistance to the idea, and so seemed most logical.
By head-kicking a kidnapper, Emily declares that head-kicking kidnappers is acceptable.
Kidnapping vs abduction, both are similar but only one asks or demands payment for return. Then a boot to the head!


When you begin that search for the perfect home, you may not want to spend a lot of time on looking, but if that search starts in Raleigh, North Carolina, it won't have to.
Situated on a corner lot, this four-bedroom house is as impressive on the outside as it is in the interior. There is a lot to be said for this home, it is beautiful to look at, and there is a decent amount of foliage on the property and lots of room for kids to play.
From the moment you enter the front door you will appreciate what you see. This 2 story, 4 bedroom house has it all, from 4 1/2 baths, plus bedrooms that range from 17.3×13.1 (master bedroom) to 13X12.8. Depending on which bathroom it is, you could find his and hers sinks, a walk-in shower, a tub or even a whirlpool. All bedrooms, with the exception of one are located on the second floor, giving them extra privacy.
Although many homeowners like the fact that they can avoid the daily hustle and bustle when they arrive home, they prefer not to travel too far to access their neighborhood amenities.
This is very important when children are involved, which is why the fact that there are 3 of wake city's finest schools in close proximity to this luxury residence is so important. Classified as Transitional, this 6-year-old property also has a 3-car garage and plenty of outside parking.
Whether you are a business owner or your spouse is a social butterfly, if you enjoy entertaining family and friends, this home will be all you need. A kitchen that can easily prepare meals for large amounts of people awaits you, with every appliance you can think of.
There is a dishwasher, electric stove, garbage disposal, self-cleaning oven, microwave and much more. Granite counter tops and a large center island/bar make cooking and food preparation extremely easy.
Regardless of the size of your meals, there is a table awaiting you. Use the breakfast room for just the two of you, or set up the dining room when you are planning to feed a few more people. After a great meal, take your guests in the living room for coffee in front of the fireplace, or just relax with a good book and a glass of wine in front of the family room fireplace.
Only 6 years old and sitting on over 25,000 square feet of land, this prime real estate is the perfect castle for any homebuyer. From the hardwood floors, to the walk in closets, to the screened in porch for you to hang out, everything is considered.
You even have an extra room for an office and one for a playroom. With all that room to spare and amenities that can make any event a pleasure, what else can you ask for?


Department of Atomic Energy invited the application for Technical Officer positions in Zirconium Complex. Interested candidates can apply on or before 7th December 2018.
The Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) came into being on August 3, 1954 under the direct charge of the Prime Minister through a Presidential Order. According to the Resolution constituting the AEC, the Secretary to the Government of India in the Department of Atomic Energy is ex-officio Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission.
B.E/ B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering with minimum of 60% marks.
Interested candidates please send your application form to below mentioned address on or before 7th December 2018.


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Introducing Medical Imaging's First Film & Paper Digitizer.
The NEO S60 uses the same scan path to digitize conventional x-ray film as well as paper documents, creating a series of DICOM images you can add to existing digital imaging systems.
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Simms BugStopper Pants are designed with advanced technology like BugStopper and InsectShield to provide long-lasting, effective and convenient personal insect protection. DriRelease fabric helps to wick away moisture and odor, plus UPF 50 helps to protect from harmful sun rays. Several pockets are included for various types of storage.


A hospital in Essex that failed to protect its patients from the potentially deadly Leagionnaires' disease is to be prosecuted, it has been revealed.
Following the death of a patient as a result of the lung infection at Basildon University Hospital last year, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) said it would prosecute.
The charge, under the Health and Safety at Work Act, relates to a period of more than six years.
Legionnaires' disease, an infection caused by legionella bacteria, is caught by breathing in small droplets of contaminated water.
The bacteria is most commonly found in water sources such as lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. But it can also sometimes be found in purpose-built systems such as air conditioning units, cooling towers, and hot and cold water services.
The more complex water systems installed in large buildings mean places like hospitals are more susceptible to having the bacteria present.
Symptoms of Legionnaires' disease include high fever, muscle pain and a persistent cough.
A spokesman for the HSE said: "I can confirm that HSE is taking legal action against Basildon Hospital for failing to ensure the safety of its patients and visitors between February 2004 and end December 2010."
He added that representatives from the hospital will appear before magistrates in Chelmsford for a first hearing in "due course".


Acer's founder Stan Shih is either an old wise man or someone who has miscalculated Microsoft's intentions very badly.
In this case, time will tell and Acer may find out the hard way.
You see, Mr. Shih believes that Microsoft is really just bluffing with the release of their Microsoft Surface Tablet.
He may be right and Microsoft may back off after a while.
On the other hand if OEM, especially the alike of Acer, are unable to release appealing tablets Microsoft will be force to go ahead with Surface and keep releasing other tablets.


Just a reminder that there are only two days until the official first day of Spring.
Stockport have had a little snow but after speaking to Professional Gary Norcott he thinks there is very good chance it will clear tomorrow morning.
I will also update my website at 9.30am as we will have a clearer picture of the situation in case of any overnight snow.
We will be on proper greens and tees but there is a good chance the 90 degree rule may apply as fairways will be wet.


You mean he could 'jump to inner Browser' (the function/option) or 'skip disc' and then manually (use) 'Launch Disc'? Correct!
What if it effects other programs as well?
It already seem to affect 2 apps which work in conjunction with games... OPL and ESR.. It could possibly cause issues in some other apps as well!
Algol and Peppe90 like this.
@jolek: It SHOULD remain the same, right!
That does not mean that the structure of the Payload doesn't permit it being otherwise, so this test could definitely be of use!
The Fast and the Furious and Half-Life.
Currently this game works fine through USB (I'm able to pass "Firewind Manor I"), there is no need to launch it at cold boot.
Algol and TnA like this.
I am quite interested, if this only happens on old games!
If it does, it might be a bug re-initializing the SPU2 - in old Sony-libs - when it is already initialized and the game thus have this issues and probably it is even a function which isn't used so often.
Edit: THX to all those who are contributing this massive amount of tests recently!
Hmm, Half-life was released in 2001.
The Fast and the Furious 2006\2007.
There is also Beyond Good & Evil from 2003, but the sound problem with this game exist only in SCPH-7500X or later.
I was thinking that it was also related to initializing the SPU2, because newer model has got DECKARD-IOP-Emulation?!
Well, who knows... But I am not sure about your idea, tho'.
@sp193, can you explain this commit to me?
Disable digital effects? What does that mean? Does this actually disable something in some games, like sound effects? Or do you just mean disabling something before booting a given game, so that the game might work properly by enabling it itself from scratch?
Tested with the latest r1282.
Zero35, jolek, Grahf and 2 others like this.
maybe we can also boot The Fast and the Furious.
This game seems to have similar problem.
Anyway, I'm uploading save from Hitman - Blood Money (SLES_530.28).
This problems seems to occurred on all devices.
Warning this save required to have at least 2.3 MB free space on MC.
EDIT Added VMC from this game.
Also is advice to turn on mode 6 to avoid "broke" cut-scenes.
About Hitman 4, I've the USA version. I never experienced any problem, but just played it for short time… Where's the first point on which I could notice the problem, I have to go much further in the game??
I never played this game from an another region.
FMV (e.g in A Vintage Year into after ~30 sec).
I need MODE 1+2 for this game to boot (from iHDD). Are you the same??
From 1196 up to 1282 It still needs modes 1+2.
have really low speed (slowing even FPS in-game) during this operations.
In Burnout 3: Takedown I've even problem with saving game causing corruption (error while saving data).
Manhunt may refuse to resume after saving game.
With this 3rd party MC I've all above problems except for Metal Arms: Glitch in the System.
BTW new OPL 1294 should be out for fun.
TnA and Tupakaveli like this.
- Jak X it's a particular one. It recognize a original SONY MC. There's no way to make this game seeing a VMC (any size) or a non SONY MC (any size).
Some games have problems with sizes specific sizes, i.e. bigger than 16MB or 32MB... RE4 is a prominent example. Some won't recognize the cards and some will even have continuous issues, even tho' they seem to read&write correctly to&from the MC.
They are slower and get slower (almost squared in loading-/writing-time), whenever you double the storage-size (IMO reeeeallly noticeable on loading bigger ELFs from MC and also whilst booting FMCB...)!
Can be incompatible to a game, due to it's implementation and size.
Conclusion: Ever try to use original Sony-MCs in these tests and do not even let another MC connected!
You can keep the card on Slot 2 and try VMC, tho'.
Some games have problems with sizes specific sizes, i.e. bigger than 16MB or 32MB... RE4 is a prominent example.
Yes I found many games that need a 8mb MC. However I never had problems with RE4 (PAL version) using the 64mb MC.
But I don't played it so much with that MC (I finished the game with the sony one decades ago).
It's the same as OPNPS2LD-8ee2149, right??
So soon we will have OPL 1296 or 1300.
Me too (I never had a problem in RE4 with 64 MB MC), maybe TnA have VMC in mind?


text:
You are at:Home»Arts and Media»River Campus»Music»Grassi Featured in Nov. 16 Sundays at Three Program at Southeast's River Campus
Grassi Featured in Nov. 16 Sundays at Three Program at Southeast's River Campus
By Ann Hayes on	 November 11, 2014 Music, River Campus
CAPE GIRARDEAU, Missouri, Nov. 11, 2014 – Italian Maestro and Clarinetist Andrea Massimo Grassi and Italian Pianist Anna Quaranta will perform a concert featuring a Johannes Brahms sonata for clarinet and piano at 3 p.m. Nov. 16 in the Robert F. and Gertrude L. Shuck Music Recital Hall at Southeast Missouri State University's River Campus as part of the Chamber Music Sundays at Three concert series.
The concert will also feature a Mozart quintet for clarinet and strings.
Andrea Massimo Grassi
Grassi, clarinet, is a native of Milan, Italy. He studied clarinet at the Conservatorio 'G. Verdi' under Primo Borali. He went on to specialize in chamber music under Vittorio Luna, Masha Ianuchewskaya, Maureen Jones and Dario De Rosa. Grassi received the 'Diloma d'onore' from the Accademia Musicale Chigiana of Siena and the diploma of the Accademia Internazionale di Musica of Biella under the leadership of Antony Pay. He has studied modern literature at the University of Parma and earned a doctoral degree in philology at the Facoltà di Musicolgia of Cremona. Grassi also has held seminars and master-level courses in the United States.
Grassi has performed chamber music around the world and has published many works.
Anna Quaranta
Quaranta, piano, is a native of Salerno, Italy. She began her musical career at age seven. She graduated from Fisciano University in 1990 after studying music history and earned her doctoral degree in musicology from Bologna University. Prior to her graduation, Quaranta followed courses in Phaenomenology of music and studied under Alexander Hintchev, Boris Bekhterev and Bruno Canino. She is currently working with Christa Bützberger, one of Sergiu Celibidache's most accomplished followers.
Also featured on the concert will be Mozart's "Airs and Waltzes from 'The Magic Flute'" and his "Clarinet Quintet in A KV581."
Other performers on the concert will be Raluca Dumitrache, violin, who actively performs with several symphony orchestras; Laura Reycraft, viola, a string faculty member of the Community Music School of Webster University and City Academy; Valentia Takova, cello, a member of Boston's Kalistos Chamber Orchestra; Gabrielle Baffoni, clarinet, and Southeast instructor of clarinet and saxophone; and Brandon Christensen, violin, Southeast professor of violin and viola at Southeast and founder and artistic director of the "Chamber Music Sundays at Three" concert series.
Tickets may be purchased by contacting the River Campus Box Office, located in the Cultural Arts Center, 518 S. Fountain St., weekdays 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., or by calling (573) 651-2265. Tickets may also be purchased online at www.RiverCampusEvents.com.
'Sayaka Ganz: Reclaimed Creations' Opens Dec. 4 in Crisp Museum
'Smorgasbord: An Art Collaboration' Opens Nov. 20 at Catapult Creative House
Southeast Marching Band Members Selected for CBDNA Intercollegiate Marching Band


New website…a new year…and new books. Nothing better.
The first release of the year was a new romantic suspense called Dark Water Rising, from Mira Books.
Face your fears, people say. Well, I faced mine writing this book. I am scared spitless of dark, deep water. Wild water. White water. Water out of control. Set in Houston during hurricane season, writing Dark Water Rising was a rollercoaster ride for me. Imagine being a woman alone and injured, trapped in an empty house during a hurricane, and the next two people who find shelter there with you are escaped prisoners. All I'm going to say is that I was happy to put her world upright and give her a happy-ever-after.
My next new book out comes at the end of this month…February 26. It's called Forever my Hero. It's a new book in my continuing Blessings series. Each story is a stand-alone book, but they're all connected to each other by the same people who live in that town. All of the Blessings books have some drama. I can't write just sweet love stories. But I can promise a sweet love story in each book, and the best feel-good, happy-ever-afters when the stories are over. I call this book my cross-over book. But it wasn't characters that I carried from one book to another, it was weather. This book has hurricane weather, too. But what can I say, it was the season for them, and both of the places in the books are in coastal regions. I love this little town and the people in it so much, that if the place was real, I would move there.
So… this is my new blog, and a little bit about my new stories. Check out this shiny, new website, and come back soon for weekly updates.
Love the new website! My bookshelves and Kindle are full of your books. I can honestly say, you are my #1 must buy author.
Becky… I'm finally able to respond to your comment. The new website was like a new baby. Kind of cranky until it figured out what it was supposed to do. So thank you so much for reading my stories. I am honored to be your #1.
Thank you, L.J. I was really pleased with it when GoDaddy finally finished it.


All of the hybrid seeds planted by the farmer will produce similar plants, while the seeds of the next generation from those hybrids will not consistently have the desired characteristics. Controlled hybrids provide very uniform characteristics because they are produced by crossing two inbred strains. Elite inbred strains are used that express well-documented and consistent phenotypes (such as high crop yield) that are relatively good for inbred plants.
Hybrids are chosen to improve the characteristics of the resulting plants, such as better yield, greater uniformity, improved color, disease resistance. An important factor is the heterosis or combining ability of the parent plants. Crossing any particular pair of inbred strains may or may not result in superior offspring. The parent strains used are therefore carefully chosen so as to achieve the uniformity that comes from the uniformity of the parents, and the superior performance that comes from heterosis.


text:
Q: javafx large image crash New to JavaFX
This example works fine with small images.
But a large image crashes ImageView.
Is my example code flawed?
Is there a problem with large images in JavaFX?
Something else?
I grab an example from the web:
http://www.java2s.com/Code/Java/JavaFX/JavaFXImageZoomExample.htm
I download and process a PDF file:
http://optics.byu.edu/BYUOpticsBook_2013.pdf
gs -sDEVICE=png16m -dNOPAUSE -dBATCH -dSAFER \
   -r600 -dFirstPage=1 -dLastPage=1 \
   -sOutputFile=001.png BYUOpticsBook_2013.pdf

This gives me a 5100 × 6600 pixel image.
I attempt to view the image:
After several seconds a window appears with an empty
scrollpane and a stacktrace emitted to the console.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
import javafx.beans.Observable;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.input.ScrollEvent;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

/**
 *
 * @author O.J. Sousa Rodrigues (office at halbgasse.at)
 */
public class ZoomExample extends Application {

  private ImageView imageView = new ImageView();
  private ScrollPane scrollPane = new ScrollPane();
  final DoubleProperty zoomProperty = new SimpleDoubleProperty(200);

  @Override
  public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {

    zoomProperty.addListener(new InvalidationListener() {
      @Override
      public void invalidated(Observable arg0) {
        imageView.setFitWidth(zoomProperty.get() * 4);
        imageView.setFitHeight(zoomProperty.get() * 3);
      }
    });

    scrollPane.addEventFilter(ScrollEvent.ANY,
        new EventHandler<ScrollEvent>() {

      @Override
      public void handle(ScrollEvent event) {
        if (event.getDeltaY() > 0) {
          zoomProperty.set(zoomProperty.get() * 1.1);
        } else if (event.getDeltaY() < 0) {
          zoomProperty.set(zoomProperty.get() / 1.1);
        }
      }
    });

    imageView.setImage(new Image("file:///home/jeff/001.png"));
    imageView.preserveRatioProperty().set(true);
    scrollPane.setContent(imageView);

    stage.setScene(new Scene(scrollPane, 400, 300));
    stage.show();

  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    launch(args);
  }
}

The stacktrace:
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.sun.prism.sw.SWGraphics.drawTexture(SWGraphics.java:686)
at com.sun.prism.sw.SWGraphics.drawTexture(SWGraphics.java:665)
at com.sun.prism.sw.SWGraphics.drawTexture(SWGraphics.java:648)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGImageView.renderContent(NGImageView.java:123)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.doRender(NGNode.java:2067)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGImageView.doRender(NGImageView.java:103)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:1959)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:235)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:576)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.doRender(NGNode.java:2067)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:1959)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:235)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:576)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.renderForClip(NGNode.java:2308)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.renderRectClip(NGNode.java:2202)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.renderClip(NGNode.java:2228)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.CacheFilter.impl_renderNodeToCache(CacheFilter.java:663)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.CacheFilter.render(CacheFilter.java:567)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.renderCached(NGNode.java:2372)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.doRender(NGNode.java:2058)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:1959)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGGroup.renderContent(NGGroup.java:235)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGRegion.renderContent(NGRegion.java:576)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.doRender(NGNode.java:2067)
at com.sun.javafx.sg.prism.NGNode.render(NGNode.java:1959)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.ViewPainter.doPaint(ViewPainter.java:474)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.ViewPainter.paintImpl(ViewPainter.java:327)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.UploadingPainter.run(UploadingPainter.java:135)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.runAndReset(FutureTask.java:308)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.RenderJob.run(RenderJob.java:58)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:125)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

A: There are several bugs reported on Jira (you need to be registered to read them):

*

*RT-21998 NullPointerException when rendering image

*RT-22669 Need to handle the case of a failed texture load when rendering large images

*RT-22073 Exception thrown from snapshot if dimensions are larger than max texture size
...

Enable this option -Dprism.verbose=true to check your settings.
Also, following this link, there's an option to set the video memory. Try "-Dprism.poolstats=true" to monitor the actual usage of the texture pool to better determine the upper limit, and set "-Dprism.maxvram=XX" with that limit (XX=500m, ...)
I haven't tested this, though. Could you post a link to your image?

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