text:
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // Make a ROS node, which we'll use to publish copies of the data in the CollisionMap and SDF
    // and Rviz markers that allow us to visualize them.
    ros::init(argc, argv, "sdf_tools_tutorial");
    // Get a handle to the current node
    ros::NodeHandle nh;
    // Make a publisher for visualization messages
    ros::Publisher visualization_pub = nh.advertise<visualization_msgs::Marker>("sdf_tools_tutorial_visualization", 1, true);
    // Make a publisher for serialized CollisionMaps
    ros::Publisher collision_map_pub = nh.advertise<sdf_tools::CollisionMap>("collision_map_pub", 1, true);
    // Make a publisher for serialized SDFs
    ros::Publisher sdf_pub = nh.advertise<sdf_tools::SDF>("sdf_pub", 1, true);
    // In preparation, we want to set a couple common paramters
    double resolution = 0.25;
    double x_size = 10.0;
    double y_size = 10.0;
    double z_size = 10.0;
    // Let's center the grid around the origin
    Eigen::Translation3d origin_translation(-5.0, -5.0, -5.0);
    Eigen::Quaterniond origin_rotation(1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
    Eigen::Isometry3d origin_transform = origin_translation * origin_rotation;
    std::string frame = "tutorial_frame";
    ///////////////////////////////////
    //// Let's make a CollisionMap ////
    ///////////////////////////////////
    // We pick a reasonable out-of-bounds value
    sdf_tools::COLLISION_CELL oob_cell;
    oob_cell.occupancy = 0.0;
    oob_cell.component = 0; // This should ALWAYS be zero, unless you know exactly what you're doing
    // Instead, we could initialize it like this - the component value is automatically set to 0
    sdf_tools::COLLISION_CELL oob_cell_2(0.0);
    // First, let's make the container
    sdf_tools::CollisionMapGrid collision_map(origin_transform, frame, resolution, x_size, y_size, z_size, oob_cell);
    // Let's set some values
    // This is how you should iterate through the 3D grid's cells
    for (int64_t x_index = 0; x_index < collision_map.GetNumXCells(); x_index++)
    {
        for (int64_t y_index = 0; y_index < collision_map.GetNumYCells(); y_index++)
        {
            for (int64_t z_index = 0; z_index < collision_map.GetNumZCells(); z_index++)
            {
                // Let's make the bottom corner (low x, low y, low z) an object
                if ((x_index < (collision_map.GetNumXCells() / 2)) && (y_index < (collision_map.GetNumYCells() / 2)) && (z_index < (collision_map.GetNumZCells() / 2)))
                {
                    sdf_tools::COLLISION_CELL obstacle_cell(1.0); // Occupancy values > 0.5 are obstacles
                    collision_map.SetValue(x_index, y_index, z_index, obstacle_cell);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    // We can also set by location
    sdf_tools::COLLISION_CELL obstacle_cell(1.0); // Occupancy values > 0.5 are obstacles
    collision_map.SetValue(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, obstacle_cell);
    // Let's get some values
    // We can query by index
    int64_t x_index = 10;
    int64_t y_index = 10;
    int64_t z_index = 10;
    std::pair<sdf_tools::COLLISION_CELL, bool> index_query = collision_map.GetImmutable(x_index, y_index, z_index);
    std::cout << "Index query result - stored value " << index_query.first.occupancy << " (occupancy) " << index_query.first.component << " (component) was it in the grid? - " << index_query.second << std::endl;
    // Or we can query by location
    double x_location = 0.0;
    double y_location = 0.0;
    double z_location = 0.0;
    std::pair<sdf_tools::COLLISION_CELL, bool> location_query = collision_map.GetImmutable(x_location, y_location, z_location);
    std::cout << "Location query result - stored value " << location_query.first.occupancy << " (occupancy) " << location_query.first.component << " (component) was it in the grid? - " << location_query.second << std::endl;
    // Let's compute connected components
    uint32_t num_connected_components = collision_map.UpdateConnectedComponents();
    std::cout << " There are " << num_connected_components << " connected components in the grid" << std::endl;
    // Let's display the results to Rviz
    // First, the CollisionMap itself
    // We need to provide colors to use
    std_msgs::ColorRGBA collision_color;
    collision_color.r = 1.0;
    collision_color.g = 0.0;
    collision_color.b = 0.0;
    collision_color.a = 0.5;
    std_msgs::ColorRGBA free_color;
    free_color.r = 0.0;
    free_color.g = 1.0;
    free_color.b = 0.0;
    free_color.a = 0.5;
    std_msgs::ColorRGBA unknown_color;
    unknown_color.r = 1.0;
    unknown_color.g = 1.0;
    unknown_color.b = 0.0;
    unknown_color.a = 0.5;
    visualization_msgs::Marker collision_map_marker = collision_map.ExportForDisplay(collision_color, free_color, unknown_color);
    // To be safe, you'll need to set these yourself. The namespace (ns) value should distinguish between different things being displayed
    // while the id value lets you have multiple versions of the same message at once. Always set this to 1 if you only want one copy.
    collision_map_marker.ns = "collision_map";
    collision_map_marker.id = 1;
    // Send it off for display
    visualization_pub.publish(collision_map_marker);
    // Now, let's draw the connected components
    visualization_msgs::Marker connected_components_marker = collision_map.ExportConnectedComponentsForDisplay(false); // Generally, you don't want a special color for unknown [P(occupancy) = 0.5] components
    connected_components_marker.ns = "connected_components";
    connected_components_marker.id = 1;
    visualization_pub.publish(connected_components_marker);
//    // Let's export the CollisionMap - this is how you can transfer it to another ROS node
//    collision_map_pub.publish(collision_map.GetMessageRepresentation());
//    // You can also save it to a file
//    std::string collision_map_filename = "collision_map.cmg";
//    collision_map.SaveToFile(collision_map_filename);
//    // And load it back in
//    bool loaded = collision_map.LoadFromFile(collision_map_filename);
//    if (loaded)
//    {
//        std::cout << "Reloaded CollisionMap from file" << std::endl;
//    }
//    else
//    {
//        std::cerr << "Whoa, something broke!" << std::endl;
//    }
    ///////////////////////////
    //// Let's make an SDF ////
    ///////////////////////////
    // We pick a reasonable out-of-bounds value
    float oob_value = INFINITY;
    // We start by extracting the SDF from the CollisionMap
    std::pair<sdf_tools::SignedDistanceField, std::pair<double, double>> sdf_with_extrema = collision_map.ExtractSignedDistanceField(oob_value, true, false);
    sdf_tools::SignedDistanceField& sdf = sdf_with_extrema.first;
    std::pair<double, double> sdf_extrema = sdf_with_extrema.second;
    std::cout << "Maximum distance in the SDF: " << sdf_extrema.first << ", minimum distance in the SDF: " << sdf_extrema.second << std::endl;
    // We lock the SDF to prevent unintended changes that would invalidate it
    sdf.Lock();
    // Let's get some values
    std::pair<float, bool> index_sdf_query = sdf.GetImmutable(x_index, y_index, z_index);
    std::cout << "Index query result - stored distance " << index_sdf_query.first << " was it in the grid? - " << index_sdf_query.second << std::endl;
    std::pair<float, bool> location_sdf_query = sdf.GetImmutable(x_location, y_location, z_location);
    std::cout << "Location query result - stored distance " << location_sdf_query.first << " was it in the grid? - " << location_sdf_query.second << std::endl;
    // Let's get some gradients
    std::vector<double> index_gradient_query = sdf.GetGradient(x_index, y_index, z_index, true); // Usually, you want to enable 'edge gradients' i.e. gradients for cells on the edge of the grid that don't have 6 neighbors
    std::cout << "Index gradient query result - gradient " << PrettyPrint::PrettyPrint(index_gradient_query) << std::endl;
    std::vector<double> location_gradient_query = sdf.GetGradient(x_location, y_location, z_location, true); // Usually, you want to enable 'edge gradients' i.e. gradients for cells on the edge of the grid that don't have 6 neighbors
    std::cout << "Location gradient query result - gradient " << PrettyPrint::PrettyPrint(location_gradient_query) << std::endl;
    // Let's display the results to Rviz
    visualization_msgs::Marker sdf_marker = sdf.ExportForDisplay(0.5); // Set the alpha for display
    sdf_marker.ns = "sdf";
    sdf_marker.id = 1;
    visualization_pub.publish(sdf_marker);
//    // Let's export the SDF
//    sdf_pub.publish(sdf.GetMessageRepresentation());
    std::cout << "...done" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}


Actress Sophie Turner opened up about her long-standing mental health issues on a recent episode of Dr. Phil's podcast Phil in the Blanks, where she shared some surprising news.
"People used to say, 'Damn, Sansa gained 10 pounds' or 'Damn, Sansa needs to lose 10 pounds' or 'Sansa got fat.' It was just a lot of weight comments, or I would have spotty skin, because I was a teenager, and that's normal, and I used to get a lot of comments about my skin and my weight and how I wasn't a good actress," she explained.
The mounting negativity crescendoed to a climax when Turner realized she no longer wished to leave the house, spend time with her friends, or do much of anything at all while dealing with the seemingly never-ending barrage of comments from supposed "fans" of the series.
"I just would cry and cry and cry over just getting changed and putting on clothes and be like, 'I can't do this. I can't go outside. I have nothing that I want to do."
Eventually, Turner sought therapy, and things began to improve. She hesitated to divulge the situation to her parents at first until they began noticing various bills for the visits, and then decided to let them in on her struggle. However, Turner states she's suffered with her depression for "five or six years," and while she's in a much better place now, with fiancé Joe Jonas at her side and a supportive network of friends and family, she knows how she got there: therapy, medication, and learning to love herself.
"I'm on medication and I love myself now, or more than I used to, I think," she shared. And now that Game of Thrones has finished filming, she will be taking a break from acting for a while to focus on her mental health. We wish her the very best – after bringing us one of the most complex characters on Game of Thrones for eight seasons, we'd say she's absolutely deserved some time off, and hope she can relax, recharge, and come back to acting when she's ready.


text:
Simón Alfonseca Castro (born April 9, 1988) is a Dominican former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Colorado Rockies, and Oakland Athletics.

Career

San Diego Padres
Castro was signed by the Padres as a free agent from the Dominican Republic in 2006. He was considered quite raw when signed, but the Padres liked his arm strength and projectability. After a poor pro debut in the Arizona Rookie League in '07, he was one of the better pitchers in the Northwest League in 2008, then broke out with a strong campaign in the Midwest League in '09.
Named by Baseball America the top pitching prospect and 2nd overall prospect in the Padres organization prior to the 2010 season, he spent most of the season with the San Antonio Missions of the Texas League before being promoted to Triple-A for his final 2 starts of the season.
Following the 2010 season in which he went a combined 7–7 with a 3.28 ERA across 2 minor league stops, Castro was added to the Padres' 40 man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft

Chicago White Sox
After struggling most of the 2011 season, on December 31, 2011, Castro, along with Pedro Hernández, were traded to the Chicago White Sox for outfielder Carlos Quentin.

Castro split the 2012 season between the Triple-A Charlotte Knights and Double-A Birmingham Barons without making a major league appearance. He was assigned to Charlotte to begin the 2013 season.

On July 5, 2013, Castro made his Major League debut against the Tampa Bay Rays. He pitched three scoreless innings, giving up two hits, walked two and struck out four. Castro was outrighted off the White Sox roster on November 1, 2013. He elected free agency on November 4.

Colorado Rockies
On April 25, 2014, Castro signed with the Colorado Rockies on a minor league deal. He did not play in a game in 2014 due to injury. On October 15, 2014, Castro re-signed with the Rockies organization on a minor league contract. Castro was assigned to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes to begin the season.

After posting a 3.79 ERA and 5–5 record with 74 strikeouts in Albuquerque, on August 23, 2015, Castro was selected to the active roster. On October 14, 2015, he was outrighted off of the 40-man roster. He had posted a 6.11 ERA in 11 appearances for the club in 2015. He elected free agency on October 15.

On October 19, 2015, Castro again re-signed with the Rockies on a minor league contract. He spent the season in Triple-A, pitching to a 3.38 ERA with 58 strikeouts in 50 appearances. On November 7, 2016, Castro elected free agency.

Oakland Athletics
On December 1, 2016, Castro signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics that included an invitation to spring training. He was assigned to the Triple-A Nashville Sounds to begin the 2017 season.

Castro pitched the ninth inning of a combined no-hitter against the Omaha Storm Chasers on June 7, 2017. Starter Chris Smith pitched the first six innings and was then followed by Sean Doolittle, Tucker Healy, and Castro who each pitched one inning. Castro made 26 appearances for Oakland in 2017, recording a 4.38 ERA with 35 strikeouts. He was outrighted to Triple-A on November 5, 2017, and then elected to become a free agent.

On January 10, 2018, Castro re-signed with the Athletics on a minor league contract that included an invitation to Spring Training. He made 6 relief appearances with Triple-A Nashville, amassing a 7.56 ERA, before being released on May 3.

Sugar Land Skeeters
On June 16, 2018, Castro signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He was released on August 17, 2018.

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Arizona League Padres players
Birmingham Barons players
Bristol White Sox players
Charlotte Knights players
Chicago White Sox players
Colorado Rockies players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Dominican Summer League Padres players
Eugene Emeralds players
Fort Wayne TinCaps players

Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball pitchers
Nashville Sounds players
Oakland Athletics players
Portland Beavers players
San Antonio Missions players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
Tigres del Licey players
Toros del Este players
Tucson Padres players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What Length of Addiction Treatment Is Right for You?
When it comes to addiction rehabilitation, researching your options can feel overwhelming. It's a significant investment, and the statistics of success may be sobering. You want to make sure that you get it right the first time, so that you can get your life back on track as soon as possible.
Unfortunately, there's not a standard of care that works across the board. Each person will find that they have different needs and preferences in order to make rehab work for them. You'll want to look at treatment philosophy, rehab form (residential, outpatient, etc.) and treatment length in order to determine which works for you. For now, we're going to take a good look at treatment length.
How Long Do the Phases of Recovery Take?
Detox and withdrawal: This can last anywhere from 2 weeks to a month. It's simply the period of time necessary to clear the substance from your body and help your body adjust to life without it. Take note that the physical detox will be up to a month. Re-routing the neural pathways so that the brain no longer depends on the substance for coping with stress, dopamine stimulation, or anything else is a whole different story.
Early recovery: Early recovery is characterized by optimism and enthusiasm about recovery. At this point, the patient is excited about how things are going. They're seeing the possibilities of the future without substance abuse. This phase can last anywhere from one month to a year. However, the average length of time is two to three months. The biggest danger here is that patients can be overconfident, causing them to relapse. This is also the stage in which some patients leave rehab programs, believing that they have a handle on the problem. It's important to control your expectations about rehab, acknowledging that it's not a magic switch that will make everything better. Rather, rehab should equip you with the tools you need to put in the hard work necessary for ongoing sobriety and recovery.
The wall: The wall is well-known as the true test of addiction recovery. Of course, it's different for every patient. Some experience it within a month; some never do. "The wall" is when the patient falls out of the optimism of early recovery and into the feeling that it's just not worth it. Often, addiction recovery programs like to factor in the timeline of "the wall" so that addiction recovery support is still available during this period, and afterwards. This is why most programs last at least three months.
Adjustment and continued recovery: The disease model of addiction usually states that addiction is a chronic disease. It may be something that you struggle with for the rest of your life, although it does get much easier. That's why recovering patients need to be aware that recovery lasts after the residential program ends. Most addiction recovery programs advise lifelong participation in support groups, recovery circles, personal therapy, etc.
As stated above numerous times, these phases look different for everyone. Your case may be more difficult due to underlying mental illness, which is present in almost half of all addicted people. Challenging family patterns and dynamics can also prolong treatment. Length of addiction, age of the patient, and ongoing support availability will all need to be factored in when determining treatment length.
Most studies regarding addiction recovery conclude that at least three months are necessary in order to yield lasting results. Programs that last over three months allow for the fact that addiction, like other diseases, is prone to relapse, at which phase patients must be able to adjust treatment plans and renew their dedication to healing.
However, it's also important to factor in the different options available for treatment methods and aftercare. One month of residential treatment can be just as effective as three months if it's paired with a couple months of outpatient treatment. In fact, continuing treatment through the adjustment period of returning home can be just as important to recovery success as residential treatment length. It's important for patients to remember that once the initial rehab program is over, that doesn't mean that recovery is over as well. Recovery is an ongoing process that requires care and maintenance over months and even years.


text:
Q: How to allow both uppercase and lowercase in nest.js DTO I need to allow the user to enter the property name in both upper and lower cases.
For example,
DTO:
import { ApiProperty } from "@nestjs/swagger";
import { IsDefined, Validate } from "class-validator";

export class DicomDto {

    @ApiProperty({ description: 'Image data' })
    @IsDefined()
    '7fe0,0010'?: string;

}

Here I want the user can give input as both '7fe0,0010' or '7FE0,0010'. But the user should enter only one case either '7fe0,0010' or '7FE0,0010', not both at same time.
For example,
input should be,
{
  '7fe0,0010': "imagedata" or '7FE0,0010': "imagedata"
}

but input should not be,
{
  '7fe0,0010': "imagedata",
  '7FE0,0010': "imagedata"
}

Could you please help me is there any chance.

A: you can make custom validation decorator XOR
import { registerDecorator, ValidationOptions, ValidationArguments } from 'class-validator';

export function XOR(property: string, validationOptions?: ValidationOptions) {
  return function(object: Object, propertyName: string) {
    registerDecorator({
      name: 'xor',
      target: object.constructor,
      propertyName: propertyName,
      constraints: [property],
      options: validationOptions,
      validator: {
        validate(value: any, args: ValidationArguments) {
          const [relatedPropertyName] = args.constraints;
          const relatedValue = (args.object as any)[relatedPropertyName];
          return Boolean(!!value ^ !!relatedValue);
        },
      },
    });
  };
}

use:
export class DicomDto {
    @ApiProperty({ description: 'Image data' })
    @XOR('7FE0,0010')
    '7fe0,0010'?: string;

    @ApiProperty({ description: 'Image data' })
    @XOR('7fe0,0010')
    '7FE0,0010'?: string;

}

class validator will throw an error if both fields are present or absent

A: Just use @Transform
@Transform(({ value }) => value.toLowerCase())
like this

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fracking is pretty hard to understand — until it isn't.
It's a technique that's been around since the 1940s, but the recent exhaustion of natural gas resources through traditional extraction methods has made fracking the popular kid in school. Unfortunately for the "school" (the environment), "Johnny Fracking" (hydraulic fracturing) "is a jackass" (has a tendency to tamper with the drinking water) and should be "sent to the principal's office" (more tightly regulated and policed to discourage fracking companies from carelessly dealing with the waste). Sorry, extended metaphors are difficult for me.
Rollie Williams
environment energy research science and technology
Apu's future on 'The Simpsons' is uncertain after Hank Azaria announces he'll stop doing his voice
A police department offers its parking lot as a safe meeting spot for online sale exchanges
Before you share an MLK quote, understand that you're quoting a proud political radical
Do you stress about money? A 'money coach' might be the remedy.
Michelle Obama named 'most admired woman in the world'—again—because of course she is
A 5-foot-tall artist makes adorable cartoons on the perks of being short
A mother was ticketed in New York City while breastfeeding her child in a parked car
Popular beauty vlogger blackmailed into coming out as transgender. Her video is worth a watch.
What sucks about being a guy? This viral thread offers some funny and touching answers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
.class public Lcom/android/internal/telephony/test/TestConferenceEventPackageParser;
.super Ljava/lang/Object;
.source "TestConferenceEventPackageParser.java"

# static fields
.field private static final LOG_TAG:Ljava/lang/String; = "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

.field private static final PARTICIPANT_TAG:Ljava/lang/String; = "participant"

# instance fields
.field private mInputStream:Ljava/io/InputStream;

# direct methods
.method public constructor <init>(Ljava/io/InputStream;)V
    .locals 0
    .param p1, "inputStream"    # Ljava/io/InputStream;

    .prologue
    .line 76
    invoke-direct {p0}, Ljava/lang/Object;-><init>()V

    .line 77
    iput-object p1, p0, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/test/TestConferenceEventPackageParser;->mInputStream:Ljava/io/InputStream;

    .line 78
    return-void
.end method

.method private parseParticipant(Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;)Landroid/os/Bundle;
    .locals 9
    .param p1, "parser"    # Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;
    .annotation system Ldalvik/annotation/Throws;
        value = {
            Ljava/io/IOException;,
            Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParserException;
        }
    .end annotation

    .prologue
    .line 128
    new-instance v0, Landroid/os/Bundle;

    invoke-direct {v0}, Landroid/os/Bundle;-><init>()V

    .line 130
    .local v0, "bundle":Landroid/os/Bundle;
    const-string v5, ""

    .line 131
    .local v5, "user":Ljava/lang/String;
    const-string v1, ""

    .line 132
    .local v1, "displayText":Ljava/lang/String;
    const-string v2, ""

    .line 133
    .local v2, "endpoint":Ljava/lang/String;
    const-string v4, ""

    .line 135
    .local v4, "status":Ljava/lang/String;
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getDepth()I

    move-result v3

    .line 136
    .local v3, "outerDepth":I
    :cond_0
    :goto_0
    invoke-static {p1, v3}, Lcom/android/internal/util/XmlUtils;->nextElementWithin(Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;I)Z

    move-result v6

    if-eqz v6, :cond_4

    .line 137
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getName()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v6

    const-string v7, "user"

    invoke-virtual {v6, v7}, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z

    move-result v6

    if-eqz v6, :cond_1

    .line 138
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->next()I

    .line 139
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getText()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v5

    goto :goto_0

    .line 140
    :cond_1
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getName()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v6

    const-string v7, "display-text"

    invoke-virtual {v6, v7}, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z

    move-result v6

    if-eqz v6, :cond_2

    .line 141
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->next()I

    .line 142
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getText()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v1

    goto :goto_0

    .line 143
    :cond_2
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getName()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v6

    const-string v7, "endpoint"

    invoke-virtual {v6, v7}, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z

    move-result v6

    if-eqz v6, :cond_3

    .line 144
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->next()I

    .line 145
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getText()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v2

    goto :goto_0

    .line 146
    :cond_3
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getName()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v6

    const-string v7, "status"

    invoke-virtual {v6, v7}, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z

    move-result v6

    if-eqz v6, :cond_0

    .line 147
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->next()I

    .line 148
    invoke-interface {p1}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getText()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v4

    goto :goto_0

    .line 152
    :cond_4
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    new-instance v7, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    invoke-direct {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;-><init>()V

    const-string v8, "User: "

    invoke-virtual {v7, v8}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7, v5}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->toString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-static {v6, v7}, Landroid/util/Log;->v(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I

    .line 153
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    new-instance v7, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    invoke-direct {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;-><init>()V

    const-string v8, "DisplayText: "

    invoke-virtual {v7, v8}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7, v1}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->toString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-static {v6, v7}, Landroid/util/Log;->v(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I

    .line 154
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    new-instance v7, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    invoke-direct {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;-><init>()V

    const-string v8, "Endpoint: "

    invoke-virtual {v7, v8}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7, v2}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->toString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-static {v6, v7}, Landroid/util/Log;->v(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I

    .line 155
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    new-instance v7, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    invoke-direct {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;-><init>()V

    const-string v8, "Status: "

    invoke-virtual {v7, v8}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7, v4}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->append(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v7}, Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;->toString()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-static {v6, v7}, Landroid/util/Log;->v(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I

    .line 157
    const-string v6, "user"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v6, v5}, Landroid/os/Bundle;->putString(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 158
    const-string v6, "display-text"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v6, v1}, Landroid/os/Bundle;->putString(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 159
    const-string v6, "endpoint"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v6, v2}, Landroid/os/Bundle;->putString(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 160
    const-string v6, "status"

    invoke-virtual {v0, v6, v4}, Landroid/os/Bundle;->putString(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 162
    return-object v0
.end method

# virtual methods
.method public parse()Lcom/android/ims/ImsConferenceState;
    .locals 8

    .prologue
    const/4 v5, 0x0

    .line 88
    new-instance v0, Lcom/android/ims/ImsConferenceState;

    invoke-direct {v0}, Lcom/android/ims/ImsConferenceState;-><init>()V

    .line 92
    .local v0, "conferenceState":Lcom/android/ims/ImsConferenceState;
    :try_start_0
    invoke-static {}, Landroid/util/Xml;->newPullParser()Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;

    move-result-object v3

    .line 93
    .local v3, "parser":Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;
    iget-object v6, p0, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/test/TestConferenceEventPackageParser;->mInputStream:Ljava/io/InputStream;

    const/4 v7, 0x0

    invoke-interface {v3, v6, v7}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->setInput(Ljava/io/InputStream;Ljava/lang/String;)V

    .line 94
    invoke-interface {v3}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->nextTag()I

    .line 96
    invoke-interface {v3}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getDepth()I

    move-result v2

    .line 97
    .local v2, "outerDepth":I
    :cond_0
    :goto_0
    invoke-static {v3, v2}, Lcom/android/internal/util/XmlUtils;->nextElementWithin(Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;I)Z

    move-result v6

    if-eqz v6, :cond_1

    .line 98
    invoke-interface {v3}, Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;->getName()Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v6

    const-string v7, "participant"

    invoke-virtual {v6, v7}, Ljava/lang/String;->equals(Ljava/lang/Object;)Z

    move-result v6

    if-eqz v6, :cond_0

    .line 99
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    const-string v7, "Found participant."

    invoke-static {v6, v7}, Landroid/util/Log;->v(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)I

    .line 100
    invoke-direct {p0, v3}, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/test/TestConferenceEventPackageParser;->parseParticipant(Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;)Landroid/os/Bundle;

    move-result-object v4

    .line 101
    .local v4, "participant":Landroid/os/Bundle;
    iget-object v6, v0, Lcom/android/ims/ImsConferenceState;->mParticipants:Ljava/util/HashMap;

    const-string v7, "endpoint"

    invoke-virtual {v4, v7}, Landroid/os/Bundle;->getString(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/String;

    move-result-object v7

    invoke-virtual {v6, v7, v4}, Ljava/util/HashMap;->put(Ljava/lang/Object;Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/Object;
    :try_end_0
    .catch Ljava/io/IOException; {:try_start_0 .. :try_end_0} :catch_0
    .catch Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParserException; {:try_start_0 .. :try_end_0} :catch_4
    .catchall {:try_start_0 .. :try_end_0} :catchall_0

    goto :goto_0

    .line 105
    .end local v2    # "outerDepth":I
    .end local v3    # "parser":Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;
    .end local v4    # "participant":Landroid/os/Bundle;
    :catch_0
    move-exception v6

    move-object v1, v6

    .line 106
    .local v1, "e":Ljava/lang/Exception;
    :goto_1
    :try_start_1
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    const-string v7, "Failed to read test conference event package from XML file"

    invoke-static {v6, v7, v1}, Landroid/util/Log;->e(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Throwable;)I
    :try_end_1
    .catchall {:try_start_1 .. :try_end_1} :catchall_0

    .line 110
    :try_start_2
    iget-object v6, p0, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/test/TestConferenceEventPackageParser;->mInputStream:Ljava/io/InputStream;

    invoke-virtual {v6}, Ljava/io/InputStream;->close()V
    :try_end_2
    .catch Ljava/io/IOException; {:try_start_2 .. :try_end_2} :catch_2

    move-object v0, v5

    .line 117
    .end local v0    # "conferenceState":Lcom/android/ims/ImsConferenceState;
    .end local v1    # "e":Ljava/lang/Exception;
    :goto_2
    return-object v0

    .line 110
    .restart local v0    # "conferenceState":Lcom/android/ims/ImsConferenceState;
    .restart local v2    # "outerDepth":I
    .restart local v3    # "parser":Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;
    :cond_1
    :try_start_3
    iget-object v6, p0, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/test/TestConferenceEventPackageParser;->mInputStream:Ljava/io/InputStream;

    invoke-virtual {v6}, Ljava/io/InputStream;->close()V
    :try_end_3
    .catch Ljava/io/IOException; {:try_start_3 .. :try_end_3} :catch_1

    goto :goto_2

    .line 111
    :catch_1
    move-exception v1

    .line 112
    .local v1, "e":Ljava/io/IOException;
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    const-string v7, "Failed to close test conference event package InputStream"

    invoke-static {v6, v7, v1}, Landroid/util/Log;->e(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Throwable;)I

    move-object v0, v5

    .line 113
    goto :goto_2

    .line 111
    .end local v2    # "outerDepth":I
    .end local v3    # "parser":Lorg/xmlpull/v1/XmlPullParser;
    .local v1, "e":Ljava/lang/Exception;
    :catch_2
    move-exception v1

    .line 112
    .local v1, "e":Ljava/io/IOException;
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    const-string v7, "Failed to close test conference event package InputStream"

    invoke-static {v6, v7, v1}, Landroid/util/Log;->e(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Throwable;)I

    move-object v0, v5

    .line 113
    goto :goto_2

    .line 109
    .end local v1    # "e":Ljava/io/IOException;
    :catchall_0
    move-exception v6

    .line 110
    :try_start_4
    iget-object v7, p0, Lcom/android/internal/telephony/test/TestConferenceEventPackageParser;->mInputStream:Ljava/io/InputStream;

    invoke-virtual {v7}, Ljava/io/InputStream;->close()V
    :try_end_4
    .catch Ljava/io/IOException; {:try_start_4 .. :try_end_4} :catch_3

    .line 113
    throw v6

    .line 111
    :catch_3
    move-exception v1

    .line 112
    .restart local v1    # "e":Ljava/io/IOException;
    const-string v6, "TestConferenceEventPackageParser"

    const-string v7, "Failed to close test conference event package InputStream"

    invoke-static {v6, v7, v1}, Landroid/util/Log;->e(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/Throwable;)I

    move-object v0, v5

    .line 113
    goto :goto_2

    .line 105
    .end local v1    # "e":Ljava/io/IOException;
    :catch_4
    move-exception v6

    move-object v1, v6

    goto :goto_1
.end method

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Genealogical information is sketchy. Her geni.com sketch is here.
The supports below the wide skirt can be seen. The structure would be used throughout Europe for most of the 1700s to support wide panniers.


text:
Gyrodactylus salaris
By Andrew Szczembara
Geographic Range
Lifespan/Longevity
Communication and Perception
Ecosystem Roles
Economic Importance for Humans: Positive
Economic Importance for Humans: Negative
The native range of Gyrodactylus salaris expands from the Baltic sea to the Karelian isthmus in Russia. Gyrodactylus salaris has also been introduced to the rivers surrounding the Baltic sea to the North, and northern Europe. (Johnsen, 2009)
Biogeographic Regions
palearctic
As an ectoparasite on fish, Gyrodactylus salaris is found in freshwater. While it infects fish that migrate to and from the ocean, G. salaris is intolerant of full strength seawater. It has been postulated that G. salaris is a coldwater adapted parasite. If G. salaris is not attached to a host, it is not parasitic and floats on the bottom sediment or anywhere in the water column, hoping to come into contact with a host. (FRS Marine Laboratory Aberdeen, 2004; GyroDb, 2007; Johnsen, 2009)
Habitat Regions
benthic
Other Habitat Features
intertidal or littoral
Gyrodactylus salaris is a 0.5-1.0 mm long flat worm. As a monogean worm the dorsal side is usually convex and the ventral side concave. A monogean has three body regions: cephalic (anterior to pharynx) trunk (body) and penduncle (tapered end of body). This worm attaches to its host with an opisthaptor, which is an organ in the posterior region. Although usually colorless or grey, eggs or ingested food inside may make the worm appear red, pink, brown, yellow or black. Gyrodactylus salaris is hermaphroditic. Reproductively, it has an ovovitellarium, a fused mass of ova and vitelline cells. This species does not contain a vaginae, but has a birth pore.
All Gyrodactylus are essentially morphologically similar so they distinguish them by chaetotaxy and ribosomal RNA subunits as well as RNA internal transcribed spacers. Gyrodactylus salaris can be determined by using the oligonucleotide probe (GsV4) by performing polymerase chain reactions or PCR. (Cunningham, et al., 1995a; Cunningham, et al., 1995b; Johnsen, 2009; Lindenstrom, et al., 2003; Roberts and Janovy, Jr, 2000)
Other Physical Features
ectothermic
heterothermic
bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism
sexes alike
Average mass
0.00025 g
Range length
0.5 to 1 mm
0.02 to 0.04 in
All G. salaris are viviparous with embryos already containing a further developing embryo. These parasites have a specific birthing process of two daughters. The first daughter is created asexually from a ball of cells within the parent and then is released through the birth pore. The second daughter and all subsequent daughters develop from an oocyte and enter the uterus after the previous daughter is born. After the second daughter is born the male reproductive system become fully functional within the parent. All nutrition given to the developing oocyte is given through the uterus. They also do not have an egg shell that is normally created by vitelline cells. It is not known what exactly causes the birthing process, but after the birth of the daughter, she remains stationary while the mother moves to the anterior part of the host, most likely to ensure that there is no fertilization between mother and daughter. Once born, the parasite functions as an adult attaching to the same host as the parent and produces offspring 24 hours after its birth. In summary, every individual develops within its parent with no intermediate stage and is a fully functional adult upon birth. (Cable and Harris, 2002; Olstad, et al., 2006)
Gyrodactylus salaris can reproduce both asexually and sexually. This species tends to lean towards asexual reproduction when the population density is low and sexual reproduction when the population density is high. There is no concrete information on the location and defending of mates but their mating behavior depends on the population size. (Cable and Harris, 2002)
Gyrodactylus salaris reproduces all year long. Reproduction is reduced in the winter due to a decreased activity of its fish hosts which decrease its transmission and its availability to resources. All newborns are at first female and develop their male genitals later on in life. The first born daughter is born 24 hours after the birth of their parent. Gyrodactylus salaris only produces one offspring at a time. All daughters develop the same as the second daughter. When sexual reproduction is chosen one individual pierces the body of another individual with its hook, it inserts its penis and uses spines to stabilize itself while the cross-fertilization occurs. It then uses the sperm as well its already developing embryo to create an offspring that is genetically different from both parents and in this way ensures genetic variance within a population. (Bakke, et al., 1992; Cable and Harris, 2002)
Key Reproductive Features
year-round breeding
sequential hermaphrodite
protogynous
asexual
viviparous
sperm-storing
Breeding interval
This species produces throughout the year.
Range gestation period
24 (low) hours
Average gestation period
Range time to independence
0 to 0 minutes
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female or asexual)
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
All parental care occurs while the daughter is developing in the parent. They receive nutrients and grow until they are born in which they are left to defend for themselves. (Cable and Harris, 2002; Olstad, et al., 2006)
Parental Investment
no parental involvement
pre-fertilization
pre-hatching/birth
The lifespan of Gyrodactylus salaris is temperature dependent. In colder temperatures it can attach to a dead host and survive to over 15 days. If not on a host the survival time is cut to 6 days. (Olstad, et al., 2006)
Range lifespan
Status: captivity
Typical lifespan
Gyrodactylus salaris is a social species. The amount of individuals in a population is based on the amount of available hosts, and has a very quick and devastating reproductive capability. It is able to slowly move around on the substrate in its aquatic environment and around its host by alternating between its opisthaptor and anterior adhesive organs, but is not able to maneuver in the open water. There are no social hierarchies within this species since its mode of reproduction is based on population density. (Bakke, et al., 1992; Paladini, et al., 2009)
Key Behaviors
Home Range
They do not have a defined home range since they can travel along with their hosts and can switch from hosts of different species that have different home ranges. (Bakke, et al., 1992)
Monogeans in general have a cerebral ganglia at the anterior end, and the nervous system extends out in a ladder pattern. This species likely has chemosensors and mechanosensors. (Roberts and Janovy, Jr, 2000)
Perception Channels
The adult stage of Gyrodactylus salaris feeds on the host's skin, mucus, and fins. When they develop in their parent they receive nutrients from their parent as they develop into an adult. (FRS Marine Laboratory Aberdeen, 2004)
Primary Diet
piscivore
eats body fluids
body fluids
Gyrodactylus salaris has no known predators and is difficult to control.
Gyrodactylus salaris is a parasite of freshwater fish and fish migrating from the ocean to and from freshwater. It is found on the skin and fins of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus, North American brook trout S. fontinalis, grayling Thymallus thymallus, North American lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, common whitefish Coregonus lavaretus, three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus, common minnow Phoxinus phoxinus, ninespine Stickleback Pungitius pungitius, Solin Salmon Salmo obtusirostris, and brown trout Salmo trutta in their freshwater stage. They prefer to attach to the dorsal fin, pectoral fin, and anal fins in this sequential order. However, with increased density of Gyrodactylus salaris they are less selective and will attach to any area of open skin.
The disease resulting from its infections is gyrodactylosis, which has been reported to be responsible for the death of a wide variety of fish. Whatever the pathogenic mechanisms involved in gyrodactylosis are not known, but host mortality is probably due to the parasite.
Gyrodactylus salaris only feeds upon their hosts and do not affect the ecosystem in any other way except if they reduce their host's population. (GyroDb, 2007; Harris, et al., 1998; Johnsen, 2009; Malmberg, 1973)
Ecosystem Impact
Species Used as Host
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus
North American brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
Grayling, Thymallus thymallus
North American lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush
Brown trout, Salmo trutta
Common whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus
Three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus
Common minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus
Ninespine stickleback, Pungitius pungitius
Solin salmon, Salmo obtusirostris
Gyrodactylus salaris has no positive benefits for humans.
Gyrodactylus salaris can affect humans negatively by drastically decreasing the amount of Atlantic salmon. In Norway, it is calculated that they lose around 20 million Euros per year. Therefore, it hurts the economic value of these fisheries as well as depleting available food sources. (Cable, et al., 2000; FRS Marine Laboratory Aberdeen, 2004; Johnsen, 2009)
Gyrodactylus salaris is a common parasite and is therefore not a species of concern.
US Federal List
No special status
State of Michigan List
Andrew Szczembara (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Heidi Liere (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, John Marino (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Barry OConnor (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Renee Mulcrone (editor), Special Projects.
living in the northern part of the Old World. In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa.
reproduction that is not sexual; that is, reproduction that does not include recombining the genotypes of two parents
Referring to an animal that lives on or near the bottom of a body of water. Also an aquatic biome consisting of the ocean bottom below the pelagic and coastal zones. Bottom habitats in the very deepest oceans (below 9000 m) are sometimes referred to as the abyssal zone. see also oceanic vent.
having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. Animals with bilateral symmetry have dorsal and ventral sides, as well as anterior and posterior ends. Synapomorphy of the Bilateria.
an animal that mainly eats meat
uses smells or other chemicals to communicate
the nearshore aquatic habitats near a coast, or shoreline.
animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature
external fertilization
fertilization takes place outside the female's body
union of egg and spermatozoan
mainly lives in water that is not salty.
having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature.
internal fertilization
fertilization takes place within the female's body
the area of shoreline influenced mainly by the tides, between the highest and lowest reaches of the tide. An aquatic habitat.
referring to animal species that have been transported to and established populations in regions outside of their natural range, usually through human action.
having the capacity to move from one place to another.
native range
the area in which the animal is naturally found, the region in which it is endemic.
an organism that obtains nutrients from other organisms in a harmful way that doesn't cause immediate death
An aquatic biome consisting of the open ocean, far from land, does not include sea bottom (benthic zone).
an animal that mainly eats fish
the regions of the earth that surround the north and south poles, from the north pole to 60 degrees north and from the south pole to 60 degrees south.
condition of hermaphroditic animals (and plants) in which the female organs and their products appear before the male organs and their products
reproduction that includes combining the genetic contribution of two individuals, a male and a female
associates with others of its species; forms social groups.
mature spermatozoa are stored by females following copulation. Male sperm storage also occurs, as sperm are retained in the male epididymes (in mammals) for a period that can, in some cases, extend over several weeks or more, but here we use the term to refer only to sperm storage by females.
uses touch to communicate
that region of the Earth between 23.5 degrees North and 60 degrees North (between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle) and between 23.5 degrees South and 60 degrees South (between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle).
reproduction in which fertilization and development take place within the female body and the developing embryo derives nourishment from the female.
breeding takes place throughout the year
Bakke, T., P. Harris, P. Jansen, L. Hansen. 1992. Host specificity and dispersal strategy in gyrodactylid monogeneans, with particular reference to Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 13: 63-74.
Cable, J., P. Harris. 2002. Gyrodactylid Developmental Biology: historical review, current status and future trends. International Journal for Parasitology, 32: 255-280.
Cable, J., P. Harris, T. Bakke. 2000. Population growth of Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea) on Norwegian and Baltic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks. Parasitology, 121 (6): 621-629.
Cunningham, C., D. McGillivray, K. MacKenzie. 1995. Phylogenetic analysis of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 based on the small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA gene. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 71 (1): 139-142.
Cunningham, C., D. McGillivray, K. MacKenzie, W. Melvin. 1995. Discrimination between Gyrodactylus salaris, G. derjavini and G. truttae (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) using restriction fragment length polymorphisms and an oligonucleotide probe within the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Parasitology, 111: 87-94. Accessed March 19, 2011 at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4185076.
FRS Marine Laboratory Aberdeen, 2004. "Gyrodactylus salaris" (On-line). Accessed March 19, 2011 at http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Uploads/Documents/AAAH01Gyro.pdf.
GyroDb, 2007. "Gyrodactylus salaris" (On-line). GyroDb - A home for gyrodactylids on the web. Accessed March 19, 2011 at http://www.gyrodb.net/index.php.
Harris, P., A. Soleng, T. Bakke. 1998. Killing of Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) mediated by a host complement. Parasitology, 117 (2): 137-143.
Johnsen, B. 2009. "NOBANIS - Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Gyrodactylus salaris" (On-line). Accessed March 20, 2011 at http://www.nobanis.org/files/factsheets/Gyrodactylus_salaris.pdf.
Lindenstrom, T., C. Collins, J. Bresciani, C. Cunningham, K. Buchmann. 2003. Characterization of a Gyrodactylus salaris variant: infection biology, morphology and molecular genetics. Parasitology, 127: 165-177. Accessed March 19, 2011 at http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=166926.
Malmberg, G. 1973. Gyrodactylus infestations on species of Salmo in Danish and Swedish hatcheries. Norwegian Journal of Zoology, 21: 325 - 326.
Olstad, K., J. Cable, G. Robertsen, T. BaCablekke. 2006. Unpredicted transmission strategy of Gyrodactylus salaris (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae): Survival and infectivity of parasites on dead hosts. Parasitology, 133 (1): 33-41.
Paladini, G., A. Gustinelli, M. Fioravanti, H. Hansen, A. Shinn. 2009. First report of Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) on Italian cultured stocks of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Veterinary Parasitology, 165 (3-4): 290-297.
Roberts, L., J. Janovy, Jr. 2000. Foundations of Parasitology. Boston: McGraw Hill.
Class Trematoda
Trematoda: information (1) Trematoda: pictures (17)
Order Monopisthocotylea
Monopisthocotylea: pictures (3)
Family Gyrodactylidae
Gyrodactylidae: pictures (1)
Genus Gyrodactylus
Gyrodactylus: pictures (1)
Species Gyrodactylus salaris
Gyrodactylus salaris: information (1)
To cite this page: Szczembara, A. 2011. "Gyrodactylus salaris" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed July 18, 2019 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Gyrodactylus_salaris/


Growth in per-mile rates will likely be minimal in 2019, according to analysts at FTR, with spot market rates expected to slump on a year over year basis and contract rates projected to tick a percent or two higher compared to 2018.
In their monthly State of Freight webinar series, analysts at FTR said the economic boom seen in late 2017 and well into 2018 has stalled and truck capacity has expanded — market conditions that put downward pressure on rates. However, they project freight to remain stable in 2019, despite slowing economic growth.
Spot market rates began to plateau in late 2018 and, in recent months, have started to tumble on a month-over-month basis as the economy stabilized from a record-hot 18-month run that began in the third quarter of 2017.
Avery Vise, vice president of trucking for FTR, said Thursday the firm forecasts per-mile spot rates to be "down sharply" in on a year-over-year comparison throughout 2019. Vise forecasts spot rates to trend about 7 percent lower this year compared to last. Contract rates, however, will see "low single-digit growth," he says.
During the recent economic rally, trucking capacity utilization held at 100 percent, Vise says, causing rates to spike to record highs, particularly on the spot market, which handles overflow freight that the contract market can't handle. Capacity will soften this year, Vise says, as fleets have added capacity, as the economy has slowed and as shippers and carriers have become more efficient, particularly around handling any productivity restrictions brought by the electronic logging device mandate.
Though a recent plunge in Class 8 truck orders has caused concern among some about a potential trucking downturn, the drop is simply a return to normal monthly order activity, rather than the highly accelerated activity from most of 2018. Two of the strongest quarters on record for truck orders occurred last year, so the sharp fall in January 2019 is "not a negative," says Vise, but rather "what we we're used to seeing." Due to last year's historic order numbers, build slots at truck makers are mostly full through 2019, which discourages truck orders, said Vise, due to the long lead times.


Technically, losing weight is a course of action of burning far more calories than you take in. Aside from workout, there is one more way to do this. This short article will cover my individual preferred low calorie breakfast recipes/concepts and some motivational guidelines and tricks on how to make sure that you eat a wholesome, well-rounded breakfast each single morning. For those of you who consume quickly food breakfasts and want to trim your waist line, just do what this hub is telling ya! This is essentially a list of the special qualifications and the individual attributes which are necessary for a job. Take into account assembling a list of low calorie foods to inspire and encourage healthy consuming habits for oneself and your loved ones.
Sure, I was in excess, but I was consuming salads with that higher calorie dressing and I thought these parfaits were fantastic. Some lunches, like turkey sandwiches, vegetable salads, and tuna salad with apple on whole-wheat bread with light mayonnaise and low provolone cheese, are all quick low-calorie lunch options. McDonalds parfaits have around 300 calories (modest $1 menu size) and 400 calories for the standard size and are filled with refined sugar they barely have any nutritional worth.
You could have seen my recent report about the healthiest rapidly food selections In that write-up, I listed quick food entrée selections that were about 250 calories with less than ten grams of fat. Maintain it New and Exciting – Breakfast speedy food is quite addictive because chains are usually introducing new and thrilling items. Your low calorie food list should really consist of foods that match your way of life, dietary demands and particular tastes.
You can modify your list when you uncover new selections at your grocery store or preferred restaurants. Skinless chicken breasts with mixed vegetables, sirloin steak medallions with spinach salads, grilled tuna with a 3-bean salad, and much more are fantastic low-calorie dinner options that can also be ordered by means of food delivery Los Angeles ideal now. They taste excellent and if you regularly buy quick meals breakfast, you likely look forward to consuming it each and every morning. Maintaining your lifestyle and dietary preferences in mind, explore the plethora of low calorie foods (Diet Food) and add them to your list.


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La nazionale di hockey su prato femminile degli Stati Uniti è la squadra femminile di hockey su prato rappresentativa degli Stati Uniti d'America ed è posta sotto la giurisdizione della USA Field Hockey.

Partecipazioni

Mondiali
1974 – non partecipa
1976 – non partecipa
1978 – non partecipa
1981 – non partecipa
1983 – 6º posto
1986 – 9º posto
1990 – 12º posto
1994 – 3º posto
1998 – 8º posto
2002 – 9º posto
2006 – 6º posto
2010 – non partecipa
2014 – 4º posto
2018 – 14º posto

Olimpiadi
1980 - non partecipa
1984 - 3º posto
1988 - 8º posto
1992 - non partecipa
1996 - 5º posto
2000 - non partecipa
2004 - non partecipa
2008 - 8º posto
2012 – 12º posto
2016 – 5º posto

Champions Trophy
1987-1993 - non partecipa
1995 - 3º posto
1997 - 6º posto
1999-2009 - non partecipa

Coppa panamericana
2001 - 2º posto
2004 - 2º posto
2009 - 2º posto

Altri progetti

Hockey prato


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HomeWrestling
Former WWE Superstar Has Reached Out to Vince McMahon for a Return
Aditya Pran Mahanta
EAST RUTHERFORD, NJ – FEBRUARY 16: Vince McMahon attends a press conference to announce that WWE Wrestlemania 29 will be held at MetLife Stadium in 2013 at MetLife Stadium on February 16, 2012 in East Rutherford, New Jersey. (Photo by Michael N. Todaro/Getty Images)
Ariane Andrew, known as Cameron in WWE, was released by the company on May 6, 2016. She was with Vince McMahon's company for five years up until that point.
Cameron was most well known as part of the "Funkadactyl" alongside WWE Superstar Naomi. During an interview with "Wrestling Inc. Daily", the former WWE Superstar made known her intentions of returning to the company. Cameron admitted that she even reached out to Vince McMahon about the same and misses being in that world of wrestling.
"I am very torn if I want to say this, but I actually reached out recently and was like, 'I would love to come back', and, will I be back? That's to be determined, but I actually reached out to Vince [McMahon] himself and was like, you know what, I'm going to go to the person who's at the top.
"I miss being in that world of wrestling. I saw Naomi three months ago, and I was like, you know what, if I have nothing, if I never got the championship, I feel like having the tag team titles would be awesome."
She feels that she would feel fulfilled with a return venture and feel like she would get that feeling of accomplishment because the "Funkadactyls" were exceptional. However, she still feels there's this void that is missing in her.
According to Ariane, Vince McMahon actually responded. Being the busy person he is, Ariane revealed that McMahon said that he'll pass the request along to John Laurinaitis. For those who don't know, Laurinaitis is the Head of Talent Relations in WWE.
Watch This Story – John Cena to The Rock: The Biggest Draft Picks in WWE History
Vince McMahon has found his new star
Speaking of wrestling talents, the boss man of WWE always has a keen eye for top talent. Von Wagner, the latest addition to WWE NXT, is a WrestleMania main eventer in the eyes of McMahon.
It is extremely uncommon to see WWE officials stating a new wrestler as a main event material. that too in their debut. Wagner is the son of former WWE/WCW star Wayne Bloom. This means that wrestling is in his blood.
Vince McMahon Has Found the Next WWE Megastar to Main Event WrestleMania
What are your thoughts? Comment down below and let us know!
Aditya Pran Mahanta is a WWE and AEW author for EssentiallySports, who is currently pursuing his Bachelor of Arts degree. Being a sports fanatic, he has played at the state level badminton in his younger years but his love for WWE overtook all other passions. Being a decade-long wrestling fan, he relishes the older wrestlers and wishes that the newer generation had the same Edge. He is a passionate fan of Rey Mysterio for his high flying style, Edge for being The Ultimate Opportunist, and Razor Ramon because nobody messes with the Bad Guy!


September 7, 2012 — Although a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that exercise lowers the risk for cancer and aids in recovery, it seems that the message is not reaching patients.
It has been well established that physical activity and exercise, even at low intensities, effectively improve functioning and control symptoms in frail and elderly patients and in those with chronic and debilitating illnesses. "But what we found in our study is that the patients were not exercising," said lead author Andrea L. Cheville, MD, associate professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. "As a population, we don't exercise, and when people develop a potentially lethal illness, they don't think about exercise."
Dr. Cheville pointed out that physicians "often tell patients that getting exercise is important. But we don't know if oncologists are discussing this with their patients."
For example, research suggests that exercise improves cancer-related fatigue, one of the most prevalent symptoms reported by cancer patients. "Treatment guidelines, such as those from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, include exercise as a strategy for fatigue," Dr. Cheville said. "But this information may not be reaching the patients."
In this study, the patients overwhelmingly cited usual daily activities as their source of exercise and did not realize that daily activities tend to require minimal effort. They were also largely unaware that engaging in physical activity could produce desirable benefits such as endurance, increased strength, and a reduction in symptoms.
A plethora of studies have shown that exercise, both during and after the end of active treatment, can improve quality of life for patients. The evidence was strengthened with the recent publication of 2 reviews (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;8:CD008465, CD007566).
Nobody has studied what patients know about exercise, Dr. Cheville explained. This is the first systematic examination of beliefs held by patients with advanced cancer "about the interrelationships among their cancers, their symptoms, and exercise."
Despite the fact that this was a small qualitative study and only included patients with advanced lung cancer, Dr. Cheville feels that the results can be extrapolated, to some degree, to the larger population of cancer patients.
Dr. Cheville and colleagues conducted semistructured interviews with 20 patients with stage IIIB or IV nonsmall-cell lung cancer and qualitatively analyzed the data. The participants were recruited from 202 surviving members of a cohort of patients with late-stage lung cancer whose activity levels and physical function were being monitored with monthly telephone calls.
Participants were asked about activity levels, the influence of their symptoms on their activities, perceived barriers to and facilitators of exercise, and exercise-related instructions that they received from their healthcare professionals.
There is a real disconnect between clinical trials of exercise and the real world.
"There is a real disconnect between clinical trials of exercise and the real world," Dr. Cheville noted. "There is all this great research, but it's not hitting the road, where patients get care. It is not making its way into these settings."
"How can we educate patients, especially those who did not exercise before developing cancer?" she asked. "Changing behavior requires more than just counseling, and patients need a support system," she noted.
Exercise goals need to be realistic and adjusted for individual circumstances. The findings from this study show that among other things, patients' usual levels of activity need to be considered, as do their education level, potential barriers such as weather, and the engagement of oncologists in encouraging and discussing exercise, Dr. Cheville and coauthors write.
At least one community practice is making an effort to get its patients moving beyond normal daily activities. Frederick C. Tucker Jr., MD, has begun a gentle fitness program at his practice in Fredericksburg, Virginia. It is open to patients at no extra charge and is led by professional trainers.
Dr. Tucker, who has finished 2 Ironman triathlons in Hawaii, initiated the program after hearing his patients describe their sedentary lifestyles. The program began in May, when Dr. Tucker asked the owner of his own gym if she could design a gentle program for his patients.
"It has become clear that deconditioning is a serious problem for cancer patients. Decreased activity means decreased quality of life and contributes to other complications of treatment," Dr. Tucker said in a press release. "Regular exercise, scaled to each patient's ability, maintains strength and flexibility, and participation in the exercise class has become another source of emotional and social support."
Overall, the patients appear to enjoy the program and find the atmosphere welcoming and supportive, according to the press release. Several report that the exercise program has also helped increase their energy, flexibility, and mental focus.
The study was funded by a grant from the Fraternal Order of Eagles. The authors have disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2012;44:84-94.


Sorry, what was your name? I tend to ignore people with names I don't recognize.
I used to watch Smosh. Over time, they got less funny, gradually, so I unsubbed. They may have gotten better since, I don't know. Furthermore... ...they're overrated. It was gonna have to be said at some point. Don't get me wrong, their content is good, but not that good.
Behemoth games are pretty awesome.
Banned for having an awesome picture!
Eggie Level 0 - 0 Posts Hatchling Level 1 - 5 Posts Hatchling Level 2 - 10 Posts Hatchling Level 3 - 20 Posts Hatchling Level 4 - 50 Posts Hatchling Level 5 - 75 Posts Chicken Lover Level 1 - 100 Posts Chicken Lover Level 2 - 200 Posts Chicken Lover Level 3 - 300 Posts Chicken Lover Level 4 - 400 Posts Chicken Lover Level 5 - 500 Posts Elder Chicken Level 1 - 750 Posts Elder Chicken Level 2 - 1000 Posts Elder Chicken Level 3 - 1500 Posts Elder Chicken Level 4 - 2000 Posts Elder Chicken Level 5 - 2500 Posts There's other special ranks like Mod ranks, Behemoth dev ranks, Dan P's rank, Ultra Member!!!!!, and Koen's rank (castlepedia thingy). Also move to Birds of a Feather, maybe?
The Forgotten Knight, since you seem to be back on the forum for now, will you be updating this guide again?
Banned for being someone I look up to.
Banned for making fun of him.
Sure thing, but it'll cost you just as much to get equipment to prepare for a robbery. I wish I had the technology.
This didn't last too long.
Your signature is lime green.


text:
Portfolio selection, periodic evaluations and risk taking
by Dr Alex Tse, former Research Associate at Cambridge Endowment for Research in Finance and winner of the CERF Alumni Association (CERFAS) Best Paper Award Alex Tse Portfolio managers in real life can be selfish, where they care about their…
Gambling for redemption or ripoff?
by Dr Xinyu Hou, Research Associate, Cambridge Centre for Finance and Cambridge Endowment for Research in Finance In the early days of Federal Express, the company once was down to $5,000 in its checking account, not able to cover the…
The downside risk channel of monetary policy
by Niklas Schmitz, Winner of the Cambridge Finance Best Student Paper Award 2022, PhD Student, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge During recessions, central banks play a key role to support the economy. They are often concerned with avoiding bad…
How can the 'Space Value of Money' boost sustainability?
A new book by Dr Armen Papazian, a PhD graduate of Cambridge Judge Business School, outlines a new financial modelling framework that integrates sustainability into the very core of finance. Dr Armen Papazian The book entitled The Space Value of…
The gender gap in household bargaining power: a portfolio-choice approach
by Ran Gu, University of Essex, Cameron Peng, London School of Economics and Political Science and Weilong Zhang, Fellow, Cambridge Endowment for Research in Finance, University of Cambridge When studying the allocation of household assets, virtually all existing papers start…
Impact and engagement at the Centre for Risk Studies
Each of our research centres has unique ways to engage with non-academic organisations and, through that, to generate real world impact. This month we decided to share with you the work of the Centre for Risk Studies at Cambridge Judge…
Investors' Chronicle: Trapped by our past
According to a study co-authored by Raghavendra Rau, Sir Evelyn de Rothschild Professor of Finance at Cambridge Judge Business School, fund managers "who as children had seen their parents divorce or one of them die took less risk with their…
Risk prevention
The average period between crises from 1700-1900 was 21 years, but since 1960 this has shrunk to just eight years. Investment opportunities totalling $3 trillion per year could reduce the probability of huge risks ranging from climate change to pandemics,…
Childhood disruption through parents' divorce or death is a "nurture"-related factor affecting risk taking of investment professionals, says study in Journal of Banking & Finance. Professor Raghavendra Rau It's long been accepted that both nature and nurture influence the risk-taking…
Beta activism
Third-stage corporate governance is taking centre stage over climate change, says Jon Lukomnik, a recent Pembroke Visiting Professor at Cambridge Judge Business School. Jon Lukomnik, the Managing Director of Sinclair Capital LLC and former Executive Director of the Investor Responsibility…


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2 new District 5 schools on track to open in fall
BY ASHLEI N. STEVENS ashlei.stevens@shj.com
Two new elementary schools are more than half complete and are set to open this fall in Spartanburg County School District 5.
Abner Creek and Lyman elementary schools will each be about 92,000 square feet, with the capacity to serve 600 students. Located on Highway 358 next to the new D.R. Hill Middle School, Lyman is expected to open with 515 students. Abner Creek, located on the southeastern corner of Abner Creek Road and Gin House Road in Greer, is projected to open with 380 students. The opening of these schools will relieve crowding at three of the district's four elementary schools.
Ushering in students at the new schools will be new principals. Tim Henson has been selected to lead Lyman, while Patricia Paul will lead Abner Creek.
Henson graduated from District 5 schools and has been an educator in the district for 24 years. The former music teacher and band director has been principal of River Ridge Elementary School for seven years. He'll miss the students and staff but looks forward to embracing a new school community at Lyman.
"It's one of those bittersweet things because I love everybody at this school," Henson said of River Ridge. "I was blessed with lots of wonderful parental involvement here. I hope for the same at Lyman."
Succeeding Henson at River Ridge will be Dr. Glenda Bigby, who is currently assistant principal at the school. Bigby has been an educator in District 5 since 1974, serving as teacher, curriculum facilitator and assistant principal. Her children graduated from Byrnes High School, and one of her sons currently teaches there.
"It's been fabulous. It's a wonderful place to work," Bigby said. "I look forward to the opportunity to continue to serve with this group of children. They're the best, and the staff can't get any better."
Paul is currently principal of Mary H. Wright Elementary School in District 7, a school she's led for the past four years. She began teaching in Anderson in 1991 and also served as assistant principal of Chapman Elementary School in District 7.
Paul said she's excited to join District 5, since it is where she lives and it is where her three children go to school. Her daughter, Maya, will be a fourth-grader at Abner Creek this fall.
"I love working with the children of Mary Wright and have really enjoyed the community of District 7," Paul said. "On the other hand, I'm elated and delighted to have this opportunity to move into a brand new school, and my own child will be part of this school. The excitement of opening a brand new school and sharing my dreams I have as a professional with the community in which I live and where I serve is exciting."
The District 5 school board approved Abner Creek and Lyman in May 2005 in a construction package that included a replacement campus for D. R. Hill Middle, an athletic facility at Byrnes and an arts facility. The new D.R. Hill opened this school year, the athletic facility is complete, and construction is about 65 percent complete on the two elementary schools, said District 5 spokesman Barry Reese. The only remaining project is the arts facility, which the district will begin in the next few months.
This fall, elementary school attendance zones will change to shift students to the two new schools. Grade structure also will shift, with fourth grade being removed from the intermediate schools and becoming part of the elementary schools.
Parents still have the option of limited school choice within District 5. With the choice plan, overall school capacity is a factor, as is capacity within each grade. The parent must provide transportation, and the student must remain at the chosen school for the entire academic year. Applications are due March 7 and can be obtained at www.spart5.k12.sc.us.


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Sun Summit Minerals Corp. (SMN.V)
Sun Summit Minerals Corp.
Vancouver, BC V6C 2T5
https://www.sunsummitminerals.com
Sector(s): Basic Materials
Industry: Other Industrial Metals & Mining
Full Time Employees:
Mr. J. Fernando R. Costa C.A., CPA, CPA, CA Chief Financial Officer 85.75k 69.75k N/A
Ms. Sharyn Alexander M.Sc. Pres N/A N/A N/A
Mr. Michael F. Provenzano L.L.B., LLB Corp. Sec. & Legal Counsel N/A N/A N/A
Mr. Kenneth Francis MacDonald P.Geo. VP of Exploration N/A N/A N/A
Amounts are as of December 31, 2021 and compensation values are for the last fiscal year ending on that date. Pay is salary, bonuses, etc. Exercised is the value of options exercised during the fiscal year. Currency in CAD.
Sun Summit Minerals Corp. engages in the acquisition, exploration, and development of precious metal properties in Mexico and Canada. It primarily explores for gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc deposits. Its flagship property is the 100% owned the Buck property covering an area of approximately 33,000 hectares located in north-central British Columbia. The company was formerly known as San Marco Resources Inc. and changed its name to Sun Summit Minerals Corp. in November 2020. Sun Summit Minerals Corp. was incorporated in 2005 and is based in Vancouver, Canada.
Sun Summit Minerals Corp.'s ISS Governance QualityScore as of N/A is N/A. The pillar scores are Audit: N/A; Board: N/A; Shareholder Rights: N/A; Compensation: N/A.


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Was British Colonialism Good or Bad for India?
They were better than the French, at least
By Max Fisher
This article is from the archive of our partner .
In the long history of European colonialism, some colonialists did better by their colonies than others, and the legacy is mostly one of still-enduring pain. For example, virtually no one (save Newt Gingrich) thinks the Belgians did much of a job in Central Africa, where their mistakes included artificially dividing the population into Hutus and Tutsis, precipitating one of the continent's worst humanitarian disasters. But many historians generally consider the British presence in India, while at times horrifically violent, to be one of the most benevolent and productive in colonial history. Was it a net gain for India? Or did it cause more harm than good?
The British Gift Indian-American journalist and TV host Fareed Zakaria wrote in his 2008 book, The Post-American World:
India's democracy is truly extraordinary. ... India's political system owes much to the institutions put in place by the British over two hundred years ago. In many other parts of Asia and in Africa, the British were a relatively temporary presence. They were in India for centuries. They saw it as the jewel in their imperial crown and built lasting institutions of government throughout the country--courts, universities, administrative agencies. But perhaps even more importantly, India got very lucky with the vehicle of its independence, the Congress Party, and its first generations of post-independence leaders, who nurtured the best traditions of the British and drew on older Indian customs to reinforce them.
Actually, More British Involvement Made India Weaker The Harvard Business School's Lakshmi Iyer did a formal study on the colonial legacy in India and found it lacking. From the abstract as gathered by Foreign Policy's Joshua Keating: "Controlling for selective annexation using a specific policy rule, I find that areas that experienced direct [British] rule have significantly lower levels of access to schools, health centers, and roads in the postcolonial period. I find evidence that the quality of governance in the colonial period has a significant and persistent [and often negative] effect on postcolonial outcomes."
Colonization No Blessing, But Some Positives Foreign Policy's Joshua Keating sums up, "Taken together, the moral of these studies could be that colonalism isn't great for a country's future political and economic wellbeing, but if a country is going to be colonized, they're better off with the British than the French. It's also very possible that the legacy of colonialism -- whether positive or negative -- manifests differently in national rather than local governance."
Ideal Is No Colonialism, But British Were the Least Bad Professor and blogger Olumide Abimbola writes, "Of course, the ideal would be not to be colonised at all. Having said that, let me add this: one cannot overstate the advantage of having English and not French as the national language. It opens a wider world of possibilities. I am thinking of migration, studying abroad, outsourcing, etc."
This article is from the archive of our partner The Wire.


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Don't become 'Yes masters', or take 'wrong orders', Rajnath tells bureaucrats
Dubbing civil servants as the "steel frame" of India, Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh on Thursday asked them not to follow "wrong orders" of a political executive or become "Yes masters", but take decisions in the interest of the nation.
"Civil services have power.
Decisions should be taken on the basis of national interest and in the interest of the people.
If a political executive gives wrong orders, do not be scared to show them rules.
Tell him that you are legally wrong and do not sign the file, " the Minister said, addressing the inaugural session of 11th Civil Services Day function here.
Rajnath Singh advised bureaucrats not to become "Yes masters" and betray their conscience.
"Haan mein haan naa milaiye (Do not become yes masters).
Do not betray your conscience, " he said at the function attended by officers belonging All India Services.
He also lightly hit out at officers who "avoid" taking decisions, saying such hesitations may harm the country's interests.
"If necessary, discuss and deliberate with your seniors but there should be no hesitation in taking decisions, " he said.
The Home Minister lauded the role of bureaucrats dubbing them the "steel frame of India" and advised them to follow the guiding principles for civil servants as enunciated by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on April 21, 1948.
"Sardar Patel said that if civil services was called the steel frame of India, it would not be an exaggeration.
Guiding principles for civil servants as enunciated by Sardar Patel in 1948 are extremely important in present day context as well.
The steel frame of our civil services has not weakened even after 70 years of Independence, " he said.
The politician also asked civil servants to be always responsible, accountable and impartial.
"We should always remember responsibility, accompanied by accountability.
Along with this, impartiality is also a most important aspect of civil services.
Lack of impartiality may affect your decision - making capabilities, " the Minister said.
Rajnath Singh said Indian polity has never faced a vacuum and witnessed continuity in seventy years of Independence as the civil servants have contributed largely in maintaining continuity.
He praised the administrative continuity in the country, saying it has been one of the important reasons for the success of Indian democracy.
Singh said the Narendra Modi government through its 'Jan Dhan, Aadhar and mobile connectivity (JAM) convergence is transforming good governance into smart governance.
The Home Minister said the central government is committed to successfully implementing 'Antyodaya', a scheme for providing subsidised food to millions of poorest families, and the civil servants have to play a more active and effective role in its implementation.
"Our government is known for its commitment and conviction.
The Prime Minister has a dream of ensuring 'Roti, Kapda, Makan, Siksha and Swasthya' (food, house, education and health service) for everyone by 2022.
Civil servants must ensure that the dream becomes a reality, " he said.
Rajnath Singh also stressed on the need for punctuality to a group of bureaucrats when the event began 12 minutes late.
"I was a little bit worried today.
The programme was supposed to start at 9. 45 (a. m. ).
We reached five minutes before the scheduled time.
But it started at 9. 57 (a. m. ), " the Minister said.
He said that while there could be some legitimate reasons for running the event late, but there should be an introspection over the issue.
"It would have been good that we would not have deviated (from the scheduled time).
Has there been any laxity in our commitment?"
the Minister wondered.
responsibility implementation administrative accountability introspection transforming successfully implementing impartiality exaggeration


John Key: four years and a fixed date for Parliament?
Periodically, our politicians try it on, and try to persuade us to give them more power.
Two previous referenda in 1967 and 1990 asked the question whether or not the Parliamentary term should be extended from three to four years.
The public, bless their cotton socks, obligingly responded with resounding 'No' votes to any extension of the Parliamentary terms. Unsurprisingly, the public wanted to keep a firm grip on the tenure of our politicians.
Let's not forget that we have no Upper House, no written Constitution, and few binding referenda to speak of. Once we elect MPs, they are practically free to do as they wish.
Which they do with unpleasant predictability.
National's latest intention to sell 49% of several state assets – despite being a minority government and despite over-whelming public opposition is another clear case of politicians doing what they want and screw the will of the people.
Key's agenda to sell 49% of Mighty River Power despite a referendum in the offing is another indicator of politician's arrogance.
And Key wants us to give him (or Labour) an extension to the three year Parliamentary term?!?!
If politicians want an extension to their employment contract (which is what elections effectively are), then they have to earn our trust. To date I have seen very little trust earned.
Let's be clear here. A four year term may well be more "efficient" to the process of government.
But "efficient government" is not necessarily synonymous with democracy and public participation. In fact, some very "efficient" governments have turned out to be very undemocratic and very, very nasty.
A three year term may be "inefficient" – but by the gods, it's the one single leash on executive power that the public currently holds over our elected representatives.
If politicians want our trust to be given a four year term – they first have to earn it.
And anyway, if a government is doing a good job – the people will vote accordingly, won't they?
In the meantime, I, for one, will be keeping a firm grip on that three-year leash.
Key also made passing reference to having a fixed election date, as do our American cuzzies.
The benefit of this, he maintains, is that a fixed date takes away the ability of politicians to manipulate the date of elections to suit their own agenda.
Media reports barely refered to this suggestion. I suspect that Key has mentioned this, only in passing, because for him it's a side issue.
It's actually a good idea.
But he's not interested in this good idea. He wants a four year elecoral cycle.
Wrapping his four-year agenda in the Fixed Date "gift-paper" is a way for him to present a rather questionable "gift" dressed up in something nice.
Public Referenda or Parliamentary Decision?
These two issues can be decided either by binding public referenda, or by 75% of Parliament voting to enact the reforms.
It's a shame that the same criteria are not used to determine the fate of our state own assets.
What about it, Mr Key?
It has been reported in the Media that you have raised twin issues of extending the Parliamentary Term from 3 to 4 years, and having a fixed Election Date.
To enact these reforms, either a binding referenda or 75% of Parliament will have to vote in favour.
Binding Referenda or 75% of Parliament seems a democratic way to enact such important changes.
In which case will you also be using the same process to allow the People or Parliament to decide whether or not to proceed with the 49% sell-down of certain State assets?
After all, if you want the people to give you something – shouldn't we expect the same courtesy in return?
You want a four year term – we want the chance to vote on our State assets. Let's do it.
I can live with the results. Can you?
At a time when National implemented a 90 Day Trial period for new employees, John Key wants to extend his Parliamentary employment by a year?
I don't think so, chum.
Public Address: A four-year parliamentary term?


Since the merger on July 1, 2013, Kyos has been developing its new IT molecules and building a new global support offer: security, network and IT.
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In addition, we offer to extend your support 24 hours a day, 365 days a year by opting for Kyos Continuity. At all times, our hotline and at least two specialists are available in the event of an incident in order to quickly resolve your service interruptions.