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DOCUMENT: The Decline of the United States Empire, James Boggs, 1963
James Boggs was a Detroit auto worker, activist, and author. Nearly 60 years ago he analyzed revolutionary movements in the Americas and described their role in hastening the U.S. empire's decline.
It is always a good time to revisit the writing of Detroit auto worker, activist, and author James Boggs. But as the diplomatic debacle of the Summit of the Americas unfolds in Los Angeles, his work seems especially relevant. Look, for instance, at Boggs' The American Revolution: Pages from a Negro Workers Notebook, originally published in 1963 as a double issue of the journal Monthly Review. The sixth chapter of The American Revolution is titled "The Decline of the United States Empire." In it, Boggs provides a clear assessment of the nature of US political and economic dominance in the American hemisphere – and its coming demise. He outlines how since the 1823 Monroe Doctrine, the United States has turned the Americas into a satellite (or, we could say, neocolony), with US military power serving US banking and corporate interests. Yet Boggs argues that the Cuban Revolution disrupted the seemingly inevitable march of US power and precipitated a crisis of US imperialism. Many in the region viewed Cuba as both an example of how to break from the shackles of the US, and as a model for a different, more egalitarian society liberated from the chains of capitalism. Boggs made no prediction as to where the revolutionary movements of the Americas would end up, but he understood the critical necessity of lending these movement support and solidarity in their quests for autonomy and self-determination.
Today, capitalism is in crisis, as is US power. The Summit of the Americas represents the latest hamfisted attempt by the United States to demonstrate its political and economic influence over the region, even as that influence is in serious decline. The US decision to exclude Cuba, Nicaragua, and Venezuela from the Summit – an act, it should be said, of diplomatic pettiness and immaturity – has led to the boycotting of the summit by Mexico, Bolivia, Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala and statements of protest from the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. In an pathetic attempt to save face, Joe Biden has arranged a meeting with Brazilian fascist and Steve Bannon acolyte, Jair Bolsonaro. Yet no matter how the Summit plays out, already it represents "a painful period of decline in prestige and in confidence," to borrow Boggs' language, of the United States in the hemisphere. That decline, Boggs would suggest, could lead to a new order in the Americas. We certainly hope so.
The Decline of the United States Empire
James Boggs
History has known many empires—the Sumerian Empire, the Assyrian Empire, the Chaldean Empire, the Egyptian Empire, the Roman Empire, the Holy Roman Empire, the British Empire, to name only a few. All these empires came to an end, usually as a result of a combination of military defeat and internal revolt. Now it is the turn of the United States Empire.
For over a century, under the cover of the Monroe Doctrine, the United States has ruled its Latin American domain as Chicago gangsters rule a certain territory, warning all others to keep out.1 Long before the word "satellite" was used to describe the relationship of the Eastern European countries to Russia, it was obvious that the economic and political life of Latin America revolved around the Yankee sun. What the Asian and African colonies were to the European powers and what Eastern Europe has been to Russia, the Latin American republics have been to the United States. Although independent in name, their economies have been completely at the mercy of Big Brother to the North, and therefore also their politics. They have been kept in the status of countries with one-crop economies, supplying sugar, bananas, coffee, tin, copper, etc., chiefly to the United States, which could therefore control them by manipulating commodity prices and quotas. At the same time the United States has been the largest supplier of Latin American imports of manufactured goods and of investment capital. In fact, 80 percent of foreign capital invested in Latin America, public and private, comes from the United States. When manipulation and control by economic means have fallen short, the United States has hesitated only a moment before using money and arms directly to prevent and foment, divert and steer revolutions and counter-revolutions, to make and unmake governments. The chief function of the United States government has been to protect the right of firms like United Fruit to exploit the cheap labor and rich resources of Latin America; to maintain in power anti-Communist and pro-United States dictators like Batista in Cuba and Trujillo in the Dominican Republic; and to protect the landowners of gigantic estates from revolt by peasant laborers.
All this time few people in the United States knew anything about this vast continent just below the Gulf of Mexico and the Rio Grande. Those who thought about it at all did so in terms that the movies have made familiar, as the land of bananas and tropical splendor where North Americans can go live it up in the midst of poverty and misery, where Yankee adventurers decide to sell or not to sell guns to rebel generals according to their love or hate for beautiful damsels. Then in 1958 Vice President Nixon was sent on a good-will tour to reassure the South Americans that, despite the billions of dollars of aid sent only to Europe, their Good Neighbor to the North had not forgotten them. When the Vice President was spat on and stoned by mobs in Peru and Venezuela, the government and the people of the United States began to realize how overdue was an agonizing reappraisal of their relations with Latin America. It was clear that the Good Neighbors to the South were getting out of hand, and that the winds of change were blowing in Latin America, stirring up revolutions of the masses which were quite different from those of rival factions which the United States had found so easy to control.
The winds of change became a hurricane in the Cuban Revolution. What started out in Cuba as opposition to Batista inevitably became a head-on conflict with Yankee imperialism. All upheavals which had fallen short of social revolution had fallen back into dependence on Yankee imperialism; Venezuela is a good example. Large-scale private property in Cuba, which was in fact primarily United States private property, had to be confiscated before Cuba could be truly politically independent. Going deeper into social revolution meant deepening the conflict with Yankee imperialism and vice versa. This was the path which Castro had to follow whether he wanted to or not.
But Yankee imperialism could not afford to let Cuba set an example in social revolution for the rest of Latin America. Before the Second World War Mexico could get away with the expropriation of foreign oil properties because there was no real danger then that the example would spread. But in 1960, the survival of the Cuban Revolution meant its certain imitation by the rest of Latin America. On the other hand, to have a social revolution in Cuba is practically like trying to have one in one of our 50 states. The Cuban one-crop sugar economy was almost as closely tied to the United States economy as the one-crop auto economy of Detroit is. To reorganize and diversify this one-crop economy required not only confiscation of large-scale United States property. It also required an enormous amount of technical and economic aid. Under the circumstances of United States hostility, this aid could come only from those countries which not only recognized the validity of Cuba's struggles for independence but had reason to welcome them.
In Africa, thousands of miles away from the Cold War powers, it is not too difficult to be neutral. But Cuba, only 90 miles away from Florida, began by being as much an economic, military, and political satellite of the United States as Hungary and the other Eastern European countries are of Russia. Therefore, to break away, it had to have the political and economic aid which Yugoslavia, for example, got from the United States after it broke with Russia in 1948. But Cuba's problem was even more critical. Yugoslavia did not have to confiscate Russian property, and it continued to claim membership in the "socialist camp." Cuba not only had to confiscate United States property. It had to denounce capitalism altogether.
Revolutionaries in the United States hailed the Cuban Revolution as the first socialist revolution in the Americas. The Communist world also hailed it as such. The revolutionaries living under United States capitalism had particular reason to rejoice. United States capitalism, against which they had been fighting all these years and which is the greatest capitalist power of this century, had been challenged. But revolutionaries have many different and conflicting ideas as to what does and what does not constitute a socialist revolution. To some it is a matter of material gains; to others it is the nationalization of property; to others it is the political freedom and organization that the masses achieve and/or the arming of the masses; to others it is the formation of workers' councils to control production; to others it is joining the "socialist camp"; and to still others it is remaining entirely neutral of any bloc. The standards and the procedure used in determining the degree of support and rejoicing are much the same as those which the various revolutionary groupings have been employing for over forty years with regard to the Russian Revolution.
What these groupings rarely take into consideration is the fact that the world has moved in these forty years far beyond where it was at the time of the Russian Revolution, and that it is today divided into three blocs: the Western bloc, the Eastern bloc, and the neutralist bloc, with the last bloc lacking economic power but wielding great moral power. But moral power is a long-range thing. When a country within either the Western or the Eastern bloc breaks away from that bloc, it must immediately face the question of getting aid from the other bloc in order to survive. This reality has to be faced, not from the point of view of North American revolutionaries and their desires, hopes, standards, and morale, but from the standpoint of the country that is making the revolution. In Hungary the revolution was crushed before anyone but the Hungarians had to face the fact that the other Eastern European countries and the Russian people had not come to the support of the Hungarian Revolution, and that therefore the Hungarian Revolution could survive only if it received aid from the Western bloc.
Revolutionaries in the United States are going to be faced with a similar reality time and again in the period ahead as the Latin American revolution spreads. They have no right to use these revolutions to bolster their own morale or to test their own theories about what is socialism. First and foremost, they must take the position that they are for these revolutions and that it is the right of all these countries to break away from the power that has dominated them for so long and to govern themselves. They must be for all the Latin American countries freeing themselves from United States domination. And they must be for the people in these countries whenever the latter, feeling that their government is not running the country in the best interests of the people, throw that government out by whatever means they choose to take. The only time when they can legitimately take a position contrary to this is if the revolution takes the form of discrimination against a race or nationality, as for example against the Negroes in the United States or the Jews in Germany. They cannot start with the question, "Where is the revolution going to end?" Any genuine revolution today is going to have to go in a leftward-forward direction because the expectations of the masses everywhere can be satisfied only by permanent revolution in a leftward-forward direction. Except episodically, the direction is not going to be backward because the moment that the revolution goes backward, there is going to be another revolution. Having clarified their minds on this fundamental position, radicals in the United States will no longer have to spend endless hours trying to justify these revolutions as socialist, trying to decide whether they should hold elections or not, whether the people are ready for parliamentary democracy or not.
It is quite obvious that the breakaway of the Latin American satellites will deprive North American capitalists of their main source of super-profit, and there is no reason to doubt that they will try to make their own people pay for these losses. The people of the United States will have to begin facing the fact that their luxurious standard of living has been won, in part, at the expense of the peasants and workers of Latin America. It is unlikely that United States capitalism will be able to arouse the people sufficiently to support an open, large scale invasion of Cuba for counter-revolutionary purposes. Its strategy is rather to seek to isolate the Cuban Revolution through such measures as the Alliance for Progress. But the Cuban Revolution is not an artificial imported revolution, and the ingredients which set it off exist in all the Latin American countries. This means that, in addition to the Alliance for Progress, which has already become a joke, the United States will be carrying out all kinds of maneuvers and gangster tactics —diplomatic, military, and economic—from the use of warships to the blackmail use of economic aid, as it has been doing in the Dominican Republic and at the conferences of the Organization of American States.
It would be unrealistic to expect the people of the United States to come directly to the aid of the Latin American revolutions on any large scale. The grievances and issues which underlie these revolutions and which propel them to success are in Latin America itself. But there are going to be many, many shameful episodes similar to that of the attempted invasion of Cuba in 1961 which will shake up the people of the United States, make them squirm, and force them to question themselves and their government. The spread of the Latin American revolutions means that before the people of the United States there lies a painful period of decline in prestige and in confidence, both in themselves and in their governments, similar to that which the British have been experiencing with the decline of their empire. All this will help to deepen the general revolutionary crisis in this country.
James Boggs, "The Decline of the United States Empire," from The American Revolution: Pages from a Negro Workers Notebook (Monthly Review Press, 1963).
Revolutionary movements
revolutionary solidarity
Frederick Mills and William Camacaro
Summit of the Americas: US Policy of Exclusion Undermines its Own Hegemonic Aspirations
The Black Alliance for Peace Calls on Latin American and Caribbean Nations to Boycott the Summit of the Americas
The failure of the U.S.
José Luis Granados Ceja
Summit of the Americas in 'Danger' as Caribbean States Threaten Boycott Over Cuba and Venezuela Exclusion
The U.S. has not invited Cuba, Venezuela, or Nicaragua to attend the upcoming Summit of the Americas in Los Angeles, California.
'We Will Prevail': Cuba's President Miguel Díaz-Canel
Cuba's president Miguel Díaz-Canel continues his country's struggle against U.S. attempts at domination.
DOCUMENT: Covert Action Exploitation of Cuban Involvement in Angola, 1977
A declassified CIA document outlining their strategies for covert action in Angola in the 1970s offers lessons for the present.
Ike Nahem
"Artistic Freedom," Censorship, Counter-Revolution, and Cuba
The human rights industrial complex attacks the Cuban government with a dubious petition.
Benjamin Norton
US sanctions on Russia over Ukraine also target Venezuela, Nicaragua, Cuba
Documents Reveal US Gov't Spent $22M Promoting Anti-Russia Narrative in Ukraine and Abroad
The National Endowment for Democracy can claim it is in the business of democracy promotion.
Salifu Mack
Crying at the Centro Fidel Castro Ruz
The Cuban Revolution is a touch stone for all anti-imperialists.
Ready for Revolution
The Hood Communist Guide to the US Blockade on Cuba


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2.1 The Issue 2.2 Background 2.3 U.S. Policy Debate 2.4 Glossary 2.5 Assessment
4.1 The Debrief 4.2 What Actually Happened 4.3 Reflecting on the Experience 4.4 Policy Review Memo
NATO Enlargement in 1993
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Set in December 1993. Following the collapse of the former Soviet Union, many former Soviet states in Central and Eastern Europe express interest in joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
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In the years following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the role and purpose of NATO increasingly came into question. Some claimed that the organization, formed in 1949 to counter the Soviet Union and its nuclear weapons, was now obsolete. Others argued for a renewed and reinvigorated NATO in a post–Cold War world. Others still fell somewhere in the middle, acknowledging the importance of NATO's role in European security, but urging caution in dealing with a newly subdued Russia.
The president has called a meeting of the NSC in advance of an important NATO summit in Brussels. He plans to make an announcement detailing his administration's views on the prospect of NATO enlargement and has convened NSC members to advise him on the matter.
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Post–Cold War expansion of the European Union and NATO, and Russia's relations with these institutions
U.S.-Europe and U.S.-Russia relations
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Current and future challenges in NATO and the European Union
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Finance Minister Colm Imbert is "rejecting in its entirety" claims by Opposition Leader Kamla Persad-Bissessar that insurance companies broke the law by purchasing National Investment Fund bonds.
At a press conference yesterday at the Ministry of Finance in Port of Spain, Imbert sought to "state the facts," denouncing Persad-Bissessar's "unfounded and baseless accusations" made at the UNC's Monday Night Forum in Chaguanas.
Persad-Bissessar alleged that the changes to the Insurance Act, including a requirement that companies were not permitted to invest more than 25 per cent of their capital base meant that Insurance companies who invested in the NIF were breaking the law, and citing a Cabinet note.
Imbert, however pointed out that the Insurance Act had not yet been proclaimed, so they companies could not have been in breach of the new regulations.
Furthermore, because of the NIF's over subscription, no one insurance company crossed that threshold in their bids. In total, insurance companies will likely receive 31 to 40 per cent of what they actually bid when the final evaluation for allocations are worked out.
The Cabinet note to which Persad-Bissessar referred, he said, was simply a decision that Cabinet had taken at the request of Insurance companies to modify the capital base requirement from 25 per cent to 50 per cent if they wanted to invest in wholly-owned state enterprises, like the NIF Holding Co Ltd.
When the law is finally proclaimed at the end of the year, he said, companies will have three years to comply, so in any case, the companies still have a grace period until 2021 before having to adhere to the law.
Reply to "Imbert: UNC's NIF claim 'baseless'"


Can We Make Voting Like Tweeting?
Home > Can We Make Voting Like Tweeting?
A recent Brookings Institution forum  on new social media and the re-invigoration of democracy got me thinking about whether and how Twitter and Facebook could successfully increase political participation, specifically voter turnout. Voter turnout is one of the most important indicators of a healthy democracy and – as many have noted – U.S. voter participation rates are remarkably low .
It does not surprise me that people don't see the immediate gains of voting. Going to the polls on election day entails individual costs (e.g., time, figuring out polling locations), while the benefits are essentially collective and weakly dependent on the vote of any one individual. Thus, people may find that it's in their interest not to bother (Downs 1957  is the classic work on this). This rational approach conflicts with a more normative (even moral) understanding of democracy and civic behavior – e.g., we know we should all vote; it's as much our responsibility as our right.
In a much less academic vein, although many U.S. citizens are free-riders when it comes to voting, it appears that Americans love to give their detailed opinions on all kinds of things. For example, why are Americans, who are so enthusiastic and industrious when it comes to writing lengthy product reviews, indolent when they are asked (once every four years) to voice their political views? How can we make voting as compelling as writing an online review? And can social media help in this endeavor?
Being from Spain, one of the peripheral things that initially excited me about living in the United States was that I would be able to participate more easily in the online shopping experience, especially at Amazon.com (believe it or not, buying books online is much easier in the U.S. compared with other nations). As a social scientist and a foreigner, I don't fully understand why so many Americans bother to write product reviews. Indeed, why do people publicly respond at all to the information (news, blog posts) they receive? I confess I have not studied this issue systematically, but my impression is that most people in Spain, though they vote at higher rates (see the graph below), would not bother writing an online opinion unless someone paid them. Even if they did bother to share their views on an item or an issue, they would never produce the type of careful and detailed examples that I've seen here; review writing in the U.S. is a serious enterprise.
This is a total mystery to me. When a product already has hundreds, sometimes thousands of reviews, why would someone feel compelled to write yet another opinion? For example, with 5,926 reviews (and counting) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix  is one of the most reviewed items on Amazon (as of this writing, the last review was added on July 4, 2011). Also astounding is the culture around the reviewing community. People don't just review items; they also review reviews and comment on comments. Amazon has a whole system of reviewer titles set up (e.g., "Top 1000 Reviewer") and a page devoted to reviewer rankings .
It is amazing to me how American society responds when asked, even implicitly, to give an opinion. And it's not just products - Americans react to news items, blog posts, tweets, you name it. My (somewhat cynical) gut feeling is that some of the people who produce these lengthy and carefully thought out evaluations do so because they are socially isolated and feel the need to be heard. Formalizing our views in writing before the world, so to speak, I suppose also feeds narcissistic tendencies, even if we are discussing something as ordinary as a vacuum cleaner.
Looking at it from a broader and more positive angle, I suspect that the need to say something about everything also signals that many Americans are highly engaged in their society, which is something I admire about this country. And, doesn't a robust democracy require the public's engagement with all that goes on around it? After all, many consumer reviews are about much more than just consumerism. Take book reviews, for example – our stated views on books tend to be about culture and about ideas. Some reviews and opinions reveal that the writers are highly educated, concerned citizens – not just people who have a fetish about smart shopping and bargains. Journalists, bloggers and columnists are no longer alone in their opinion making. Writers are writers and their readership; sometimes their eager audiences produce insights that are as valuable as those of the professional writer's. Public writing and public thinking have become a fluid, interactive process.
Given this penchant for engagement, why is it that Americans' political participation is low? Why don't more Americans bother to vote? Some readers may find this comparison awkward because politics and shopping are indeed so different. But, as argued above, what's happening online right now is not just shopping anymore.
Voting, like reviewing, commenting, or tweeting, is about offering a personal opinion via a ballot. But voting seems to somehow constrain self-expression in a way that new media do not. First, it does not allow elaboration; you can only choose from the options provided. Second, voting is unavoidably anonymous. Third, we receive no immediate feedback and our actions do not connect us to anything, unlike the rapid responses we often get when we tweet or post a comment. It's like there is nothing and no one behind the process. It's impersonal, detached and dispassionate… followed, at the very end, by election results, and – if we are lucky – months or years later, by a few barely discernable changes in policy. Voting just doesn't seem to cut it. It just doesn't seem to satisfy the impulses that drive our new, online expressions of community engagement.
I hear a lot of people talk about how social media are going to engage more people, especially young people, in the political process. But, given how different the experiences are between voting and these newer forms of expression, I'm still waiting for someone to tell me how exactly we can draw on the strengths of the latter to affect the former. Voters may not want to answer yes/no questions and then go home, just as reviewers may not star-rate a book if they aren't welcome to put their two cents on the record.


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ABOUT THE WEPs
What are the WEPs?
What is expected of a WEPs signatory?
Who can join the WEPs Community?
UN Women 2022 Asia-Pacific WEPs Awards:
Meet the National Judges
Andy Yentriyani
Chairperson, Indonesia National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan)
Andy Yentriyani is the Chair of the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan). She has been involved in Komnas Perempuan since 2000, preventing and eliminating violence against women. Among her interests is documenting stories about Indonesian women, their problems and their struggles to survive. She continues to strive to eliminate violence against women, which is still a major issue in modern society.
Andy finished her undergraduate education at Universitas Indonesia's Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, majoring in International Relations, and went on to pursue a master's degree in Media and Communication at the University of London. She is also actively publishing papers focusing on gender equality in Indonesia, with the recent publication of Roadmap for the Elimination of Violence Against Women 2020-2045 in 2019.
Desiyanti Karlina Jacob
Committee, East Nusa Tenggara National Craft Council
Desiyanti Karlina Jacob is a am Trainer & Consultant in business development , education , mental health , character development , and capacity building for children , Youth , and adults . She has more than 12 years of experience in managing development programs in local NGOs , such as economic empowerment programs for vulnerable groups , Including women in 6 districts in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) , and education programs in several provinces in Indonesia .
She us currently running a business in the food and beverage sector where 80% of the employees are disabled . She has received several national and international awards , some of which are the best program awards that emphasize the participation in the inclusion of vulnerable groups of development planning in East Nusa Tenggara by HIVOS in The Hague , Award for being one of the best participants in the activities of the Bank Indonesia Young Entrepreneur School East Nusa Tenggara .
Desiyanti is also certified as a Psychology First Aid Trainer , Barista , and Roaster . Currently she is developing a coffee training center , focusing on baristas and roastery. In addition , she and her team are currently developing the I am Hear program , a platform to provide " listening " services , as the first step in providing psychological first aid in East Nusa Tenggara .
Rut Krüger Giverin
Ambassador-Designate of Norway to Indonesia, Norwegian Embassy in Jakarta
Ambassador Giverin is a career diplomat with broad experience from
living and working in four continents over the last 20 years. She joined
the Norwegian Foreign Service in 1998. Since 2017 she has been
serving as Ambassador of Norway to Mexico with side accreditation
to six countries in Central America.
Her first posting was to Indonesia from 2001 to 2004. During that period she learnt Indonesian
and travelled extensively throughout the archipelago. Her third child, Magnus, was born in Jakarta
in 2003. In her spare time, she enjoys nature and spending time outdoors, travelling, running
marathons and scuba diving.
Acting Deputy of Public Participation, Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection, Republic of Indonesia
Indra Gunawan is the Senior Advisor to the Minister for Family Development and Acting DeputyMinister for Civil Society Participation in the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and ChildProtection of the Republic of Indonesia (MOWECP). Within the Ministry, he previously heldseveral positions such as Deputy Minister for Civil Society Participation, Director for Childrenwith Special Needs, and also Bureau of Planning and Data.He obtained his Master's Degree in Population and Social Research at Mahidol University, inThailand. He also undertook non-formal education including Gender Mainstreaming, GenderImpact Assessment, and Strengthening Inter Ministerial Gender Network. With his workingexperience in the public sector, he managed to build his career around programmedevelopment, planning and budgeting, and gender policy analysis as well.
Michiko Miyamoto
Country Director, ILO Indonesia and Timor Leste
Ms. Miyamoto is currently the Country Director for ILO activities for Indonesia and Timor-Leste since March 2017. She is based in Jakarta, Indonesia.Prior to that, she was the Deputy Country Director for ILO activities for Indonesia and Timor Leste. Promoting ILO's mandate of Decent Work for All, she has worked in Indonesiaand Timor Lestesince 2011 under the country framework of focuses on job creation, sound industrial relations and social protection. She has worked in the field of international development for almost 30years. Prior to joining the ILO Office in Indonesia, she worked at the ILO Headquarters and the Regional Office for Asia Pacific, specializing small business development, job creation programme, and capacity developmentof workforce and institutions. She was also responsible for global agendasetting and consultation meetings for the ILO Governing Body with employers' associations and trade unions for employment and social policy debate and discusses. Ms. Miyamoto holds Master of Public Administration and Master of Art, Public and International Affairs from University of Pittsburgh.
Risa E Rustam
Director of Finance and Human Resource, Indonesia Stock Exchange
Appointed as Director of Finance and Human Resources of IDX at the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders on June 29, 2022. She obtained her Bachelor ofEconomics from Gadjah Mada University in 1988 and started hercareer in the capital market in 1989 atHSBC-Custodial Servicesas a Staff Officer. Joined PT Baring Securities Indonesia in 1991 asSettlements Manager. She served as Director of PT ING SecuritiesIndonesia since 1999, then as Director/COO at PT MacquarieSekuritasfrom 2004 to 2016. Her last position in IDX was Director of Finance and Human Resources of IDX since 2018 until 2022. She is also active in various WorkCommittees and Task Forces at OJK, IDX, KPEI & KSEI since 1998 to2016. She has a CACP Certificate (Certification in Audit CommitteePractices) from the Indonesian Audit Committee Association (IKAI).In March 2021 she was appointed by the Minister of Women'sEmpowerment and Child Protection of the Republic of Indonesiaas one of the advocates or representatives of Indonesia for the G20EMPOWER Alliance in order to improve the promotion of women'sleadership and economic development. Since September 2021 she also serves as the Head of MarketDevelopment in the Indonesia Capital Market Sustainable FinanceTask Force. She has also been selected by the World Federationof Exchanges (WFE) as one of its Women Leaders of 2022, onMarch 3, 2022.
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Recycling revamp: New rules for what you can recycle in Pierce County
Posted 8:23 PM, May 2, 2019, by Jamie Tompkins, Updated at 09:24PM, May 2, 2019
PIERCE COUNTY, Wash. -- Renew, reuse and recycle is getting a revamp in Pierce County.
"We think this is the right time to make the change," says Sheryl Rhinehart with Pierce County Planning and Public Works.
The county says cartons, shredded paper, and plant pots are no longer accepted in the recycling program. And this impacts everyone in the county except Tacoma, Ruston, Auburn, and Pacific.
"In 2017, China banned the import of most categories of recyclables," says Rhinehart.
For decades, China would ship goods to the U.S. And the U.S. would use the empty ships to send China recycling. China would use that recycling to make new products, which they'd ship back to the U.S.
The cycle of recycling.
Until, China became concerned about the quality of the recyclables; too much cardboard or mixed paper, or worse, just straight up garbage. In 2017, China announced new regulations.
"They were doing that in an effort to clean up their environment," says Rhinehart.
Which is why Pierce County says now is the time to make some changes on a local level.
"We've been following the issue for a while and we just felt like the timing was right," says Rhinehart.
So, depending on where you live in Pierce County, your milk and juice cartons will now go in the regular trash.
"It isn't that they are not recyclable, it's that in the Pacific Northwest we just don't have access to remanufacturers who want that specific material. It was very inexpensive to load
recyclables in a shipping container and send them overseas. It was less expensive than putting recyclables on a truck and sending them to Portland. We wanted to make sure that our recycling program is collecting material that is recycled into something new. That is the point of recycling, is that the product becomes something new. And it shouldn't just be a second garbage can," says Rhinehart.
Again - this impacts all of Pierce County, expect Tacoma, Ruston, Auburn, and Pacific. Pierce County says you can still recycle cardboard, mixed paper, metal and aluminum, and plastic bottles, tubs, jugs or buckets. The county encourages people to bring their documents to shred events and find ways to reuse plant pots.
The county says there is no enforcement, as garbage and recycling is not mandatory, but the county says they encourage everyone to get on board and do the right thing.
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Washington's Most Wanted
CAPTURED: Pierce County Sheriff's deputies arrest Zakkary Pennington
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Pierce Co. deputies say armed robber shot two gas stations clerks in two days


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學院別 > 成功大學 > 醫學院 > 環境醫學研究所
論文名稱(中文) 游離輻射合併三氧化二砷誘發U-118細胞自體吞噬之機制探討
論文名稱(英文) Study on the mechanisms of irradiation enhanced autophagic effect in U118 cells treated with arsenic trioxide
系所名稱(中) 環境醫學研究所
系所名稱(英) Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health
研究生(中文) 邱惠雯
研究生(英文) Hui-Wen Chiu
語文別 中文
口試委員 口試委員-何聖佑
召集委員-何元順
指導教授-王應然
中文關鍵字 三氧化二砷 放射線治療 惡性神經膠質瘤癌細胞株U118 自體吞噬
英文關鍵字 Arsenic trioxide Autophagy Radiotherapy U118 malignant glioma cell
中文摘要 神經膠質瘤在成人中是最常見的惡性中樞神經系統的疾病,但是預後不佳。惡性神經膠質瘤最常使用的治療方法是放射線治療(IR)。但是放射線治療通常只能增加病人幾個月的存活率,並不能真正治療這種疾病。自體吞噬是在癌細胞處理放射線和三氧化二砷(ATO)時新發現的ㄧ種反應,但是其意義及機制到目前為止並不清楚。因此本實驗的目的主要是要了解放射線合併處理三氧化二砷對於惡性神經膠質瘤癌細胞株U118的影響,並且分析自體吞噬之機制。在細胞實驗中,利用trypan blue來計算細胞存活率。使用流式細胞儀分析細胞週期和藉由 annexin V-PE分析早期細胞凋亡。洋菜膠電泳分析DNA的片段化。DiOC6染劑分析粒線體膜電位。利用acridine orange染色觀察細胞自體吞噬的酸性小泡(AVO)發生。利用穿透式電子顯微鏡觀察U118細胞的超顯微結構。使用西方墨點法分析細胞自體吞噬反應和細胞凋亡調控相關之蛋白的改變。在動物實驗中,利用U118細胞株的腫瘤異種移殖模式來探討放射線合併三氧化二砷的治療效果。結果指出合併治療效果比單獨處理放射線及三氧化二砷效果較好。合併治療會降低細胞存活率、增加細胞週期的G2/M期的延遲及自體吞噬的百分比並會降低粒線體膜電位。合併治療會誘發產生自體吞噬而不是細胞凋亡。Hsp 70, p-ERK, p21, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, p-p53,p-PTEN, p-GSK3β和LC3表現量增加而cycline A, cycline B, p-PI3K, p-Akt(Ser)和p-PDK1表現量減少。此外,前處理PI3K/Akt抑制劑LY294002更增加合併處理誘發的自體吞噬的百分比。然而,前處理MAPK抑制劑U0126更抑制合併處理誘發的自體吞噬的百分比。在動物實驗中,合併處理會抑制腫瘤的生長。此研究證明三氧化二砷能使對放射線治療具有抵抗性的U118細胞株更具治療效果。合併治療在U118細胞中所誘發的自體吞噬是經由抑制Akt/PKB的路徑和增加ERK/MAPK的路徑。
英文摘要 Gliomas are the most common malignancy of the central nervous system in adults, and the prognosis is extremely poor. Ionizing radiation (IR) is one of the standard therapeutic modalities for malignant gliomas. It improves the survival of the patients by several months, but does not cure the disease. Autophagy is a novel response of cancer cells to IR or arsenic trioxide (ATO), but its significance or mechanism remains largely elusive. The aim of this study is to understand the effect of IR combined with ATO for the treatment of U118 malignant glioma cells and analyze the molecular mechanisms of autophagy. In in vitro study, cell viability was detected by trypan blue. Cell cycle distribution and early apoptosis with annexin V-PE apoptosis detection kit was analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Mitochondrial membrane potentials assay was detected by DiOC6 dye. To observe the expressions of acidic vesicular organelle (AVO) which is characteristic of autophagy, cells were stained with acridine orange. Ultrastructure of U118 cells treated with IR, ATO and combined treatment was anayzed by electron microscopy. To analyze the expression of protein related to autophagy and apoptosis, western blotting was performed. In in vivo study, therapeutic efficacy of ATO and IR in U118 malignant glioma xenografts after treatment was assessed. The results indicated that the effect of combined treatment is more significant than irradiation or arsenic trioxide alone. Combined treatment reduced cells viability, increased cell cycle G2/M phase arrest, percentage of autophagy and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (△Ψm). Particularly, combined treatment induced autophagic cell death but not apoptosis. Hsp 70, p-ERK, p21, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, p-p53, p-PTEN, p-GSK3β and LC3 expression were increased. Cycline A, cycline B, p-PI3K, p-Akt (Ser) and p-PDK1 expression were decreased. In addition, pretreated with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K/Akt, further enhanced the combination-induced autophagy. Whereas pretreated with U0126, a specific inhibitor of ERK suppressed the combination-induced autophagy. In in vivo study, combined treatment inhibited tumor growth than treated alone. This study demonstrated that ATO increase the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy against U118 cells. One of the combined treatment induced autophagy in U118 cells were through inhibited Akt/PKB pathway and enhanced ERK/MAPK pathway.
論文目次 第一章、序論…………………………………………………………1
第二章、文獻回顧……………………………………………………2
第一節、人類惡性神經膠質瘤以及治療方式…………………2
第二節、放射線治療……………………………………………2
第三節、三氧化二砷(Arsenic trioxide)……………………5
第四節、放射治療合併化學治療……………………………………6
第五節、自體吞噬(Autophagy) ……………………………………9
第三章、研究目的……………………………………………………12
第四章、研究架構……………………………………………………13
第五章、研究材料與方法……………………………………………16
第一節、研究材料………………………………………………16
1.藥品試劑…………………………………………………16
2.常用儀器…………………………………………………17
3.常用溶液…………………………………………………18
第二節、研究方法………………………………………………19
ㄧ、人類惡性神經膠質細胞株(U118 cells)培養…………19
二、Trypan blue dye exclusion assay:細胞計數……21
三、Agarose gel electrophoresis………………………21
四、流式細胞儀(Flow cytometry)操作……………………22
五、螢光顯微鏡分析自體吞噬反應(Autophagy)現象……25
六、Western blot 步驟……………………………………25
七、電子顯微鏡……………………………………………29
八、動物實驗………………………………………………30
第三節、統計分析……………………………………………32
第六章、實驗結果…………………………………………………33
第一節、放射線和三氧化二砷對U118細胞之細胞毒性的
劑量及時間效應………………………………………33
第二節、探討U118 細胞之細胞週期變化及細胞凋亡現象……34
第三節、分析U118 細胞Autophagy的表現……………………35
第四節、細胞訊息傳遞路徑之相關蛋白表現…………………36
第五節、動物實驗- SCID mice xenograft 模式……………37
第七章、討論…………………………………………………………38
第八章、結論及建議…………………………………………………42
第九章、參考文獻……………………………………………………43
圖表……………………………………………………………………55
附錄……………………………………………………………………73
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Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL have finally seen the light of the day. With that said, tipsters had left very little to our imagination by leaking images of the new Pixels days before the official launch. And guess what, the leaked images turned out to be spot on. Nonetheless, the Pixel has more to do with the software and ultimate experience rather, than just the looks or spec sheets. So here's a look at the top 7 features of Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL.
Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL come with an OLED display. Naturally, the flagship smartphones now come with Always-On Display. It was one of the highly sought after features from the Pixel range. Apparently, both competitors of the previous Google Pixel, namely the Samsung Galaxy S8 and LG G6 came with this display technology. The Always-On Display in the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL shows the date, time, notifications and other relevant information.
One of the cool new features in the Pixel 2 range is called Now Playing. It basically uses the phone's microphone and Google Assistant to listen to the music in the background, and display artist information and track right on the bottom of the Always-On Display. Furthermore, you can tap on the information to play the track in either Google Music or YouTube. What's more interesting is the fact that you don't need to do anything to turn on Now Playing. The Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL are always listening to the songs in the background. Creepy? Yes. But useful too!
The Google Assistant has always been on the highlighting features of the Pixel range. So, Google thought why not make it easy to trigger the Assistant. In comes the Active Edge. It basically allows you to launch the Google Assistant in the Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL by simply squeezing your smartphones from the edges. Apparently, Google is using a dedicated Active Edge sensor for activating this feature. You can also use the Active Edge features for other things like clicking a selfie and so on. It is by far one of the unique features of the Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL.
The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL is the first phone to come with Google Lens. For those unaware, Google Lens is the company's take on smart camera apps from Samsung and Apple. Google Lens basically enables you to point find out relevant information about a place, text, numbers by simply pointing your rear camera at it. Now, when you spot the poster of an upcoming movie on the road simply fire Google Lens on your Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL to find out all related information including crew, cast, release date and trailer in a matter of seconds.
Google has been working closely on developing its ARCore which is the company's take on Augmented Reality for Android. The platform is already capable of numerous possibilities from incorporating Street View images for step by step training to helping you choose showroom furniture right in your living room. The latest addition to Google's AR game is the introduction of AR stickers. It includes live emojis of food, cartoon characters and much more. Additionally, Google partners like Saturday Night Live, YouTube, the NBA, Stranger Things and Star Wars are developing their own AR stickers. Google implementation of AR stickers is line with Animoji's that were introduced on the new iPhone X.
Ever since dumping the Nexus lineup and debuting the new Pixel range, Google has shifted its focus to the camera department. The Google Pixel and Pixel XL had one of the best smartphone cameras last year with a DxOMark score of 89. This year, DxOMark has improved the ratings further to 98. Moreover, Google has worked on improving one of the most popular gripes in its first Pixel smartphones. The absence of OIS. Google had apparently made use of Gyroscope dependent EIS for stabilizing the footage shot on the Pixel and Pixel XL. However, with the Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL, the company is now introducing Fused Stabilization. It basically uses both hardware dependent OIS and gyroscope dependent EIS for stabilizing the footage. This helps remove the artifacts that were found in the footage shot by its predecessors.
Google has some value additions to the camera app of the new Pixels. The Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL comes with features like Portrait Mode and Motion Photo. Both these features initially debuted on the iPhones, but Google seems to have tweaked them by introducing its own engineering expertise and AI-based machine learning capabilities. What's more interesting is the fact that Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL is capable of shooting in Portrait Mode despite lacking a secondary camera. On top of that, the Portrait Mode on Google Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL works on both rear and front cameras. The Motion Photo, on the other hand, is Google's take on iPhone's Live Photos.


I Think My Child Was Abused by School Staff – What Can I Do?
This is the first in a three-part series on how to identify and respond to potential abuse by school employees.
PART 1: HOW DO I FIND OUT WHAT HAPPENED?
Abuse of a student by school staff is very rare, but when there is a suspicion, a host of questions arise, especially if your child has difficulty communicating. The first part of the series offers ways that parents can ascertain whether abuse occurred.
A child may complain that a teacher or aide hurt her. If possible, there should be detailed questions about what happened, when, where and who was involved. Ask if the child can identify witnesses. All information should be carefully documented at the time of the questions.
There should be consideration of your child's ability to express herself accurately and whether there may be ulterior motives. The child's track record for telling the truth or manipulating is a major factor in any investigation.
Major changes in behavior may be a sign of trauma, particularly for non-verbal children. Obtaining and reviewing copies of behavior logs should be carefully reviewed. If there is a significant change, you should begin to make inquiries and, if there are unanswered questions or unsatisfactory explanations, convene the IEP team. All contacts should be documented, including a summary of the content of any conversation.
Any sign of injury should be documented with photographs and, if serious should be evaluated by medical personnel. You should conduct careful questioning of your child along the lines reviewed above.
You have a right to access school-based incident reports which involve your child. If there is police involvement, access to police investigation is limited. You should determine whether other investigatory bodies, such as a county board of developmental disabilities, Office of Civil Rights, or Ohio Department of Education have conducted investigations. If so, it may be possible to get access to their reports, depending on the agency policies.
If you have a strong relationship with school staff, such as an aide or a bus driver, you may be able to get information about what the staff have observed.
In those very rare instances where abuse is occurring, other parents may have developed similar concerns. Open communication among parents can be a helpful source for confirming improprieties in a school setting.
Parents sometime put recording devices in a child's clothing or backpack so they can hear firsthand what is occurring. This approach carries risks which should be assessed before using such an approach.
Ohio's has a "one-party consent" law which means that it is not a crime to intercept or record any oral communication if one party to the conversation consents. Ohio Rev. Code § 2933.52 (B)(4).
This means that if a parent secretly records a one-on-one meeting with a teacher, the recording is legal and the parent is not subject to legal sanctions.
The "one party consent" law does not cover someone who is not aware that she is carrying a recording device. This issue can be addressed by making the child aware of the recording, but this creates a risk of the child telling others or otherwise interfering with the process.
School policy often prohibits recording during school hours without permission. This could lead to discipline.
Districts often use security videos in public areas for safety reasons. There is at least one case where the abuse by staff was captured on video. Videos which include images of students are not public records, but may be obtained in some circumstances.
Part Two will review informal methods for response if, after your investigation, you believe that abuse has occurred.
Part Three will look at some legal cases where parents have alleged staff abuse.


Juliet is the new single by Faroese singer/songwriter Lyon Hansen. Tonally the song is inspired by Mediterranean folk music. The song is based on Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet but reversed in a quirky way. Simple, catchy and moving, this song has the potential to become a real earworm.
The foundation of the song was recorded by Hans Marius Ziska in his home studio in Søldarfjørur, FO. Overdubs were recorded at Artwork Studios at Bath Spa University, Bath, UK.


Judith Collins seems to have paid the price for the shocking rise in crime under National, says Labour's Police spokesman Stuart Nash.
"At the end of May, Judith Collins signed off on the Police's four year strategic plan, which included a forecast of no more police until at least 2020. She then claimed, in June, that she was developing a proposal for more police. This showed a minister who wasn't on top of her portfolio.
"Here we are, six months later, and heading into one of the busiest times for our Police men and women. Burglaries are still rising, resolution rates still below 10%, officers are stressed, and there are still no more Police. It is totally unacceptable.
"During her unsuccessful tilt at the National leadership, Judith Collins blamed Bill English for the failure to recruit more Police.
"National seems to have finally woken up to this sorry state of affairs and hence the Police portfolio has gone to the Deputy Prime Minister.
"I hope, for the sake of the Police and the diverse communities they serve, that Paula Bennett gets a grip on the police portfolio quicker than it took her to get her head around housing.
"The police are in crisis and we need more police urgently, that's why Labour will recruit 1,000 more officers to keep our communities safe," says Mr Nash.


We've uncovered a trend in stocks the rest of Wall Street is overlooking, and it could double your money if you play it right. We'll show you exactly how with today's trading strategy.
The economy might be slowing down from its peak, and there's no better evidence for it than in the transportation sector.
Last week's release of the February jobs report disappointed in a big way. With a mere 20,000 increase in total nonfarm payrolls, it was much lower than the consensus expectation for 181,000 new jobs. After a long string of jobs successes, this report made investors nervous that economic growth was truly slowing down.
However, for those who paid attention, one critical sector was already slowing down and foreshadowed recent numbers. Friday's report simply proved that it wasn't just a fluke.
The transportation sector is a favorite Wall Street bellwether for the economy – and the stock market by extension. It's also been one of the weakest sectors in the stock market this year.
The forecasting ability of transportation stocks, such as air freight, rails, tankers, and trucking, is no secret. After all, chartists have been following "Dow theory," named after The Wall Street Journal co-founder Charles Dow, for decades. They look for moves in the Dow Jones Industrial Average to be echoed in the Dow Transports. The theory holds that if the companies that make things and the companies that deliver those things are both doing well, then the economy should be doing well, too.
Unfortunately for the bulls, the late 2018 market sell-off created a Dow theory sell signal that is still in effect today. What that means is the primary direction of the stock market is to the downside, and the rally we've seen since December is just a bounce. It's been a great bounce, but the transport sector suggests it will soon be over.
The good news is that we can still make plenty of money in this type of market. All it requires is creating a bearish strategy, and Money Morning Quantitative Specialist Chris Johnson has one.
Just as a bullish strategy often relies on buying the strongest stocks in the strongest sectors, a bearish strategy relies on just the opposite.
That's why we're targeting the transportation sector. As we pointed out, it's been a laggard in the Dow index this year, and its fortunes worsened after the lackluster jobs report.
And to find a prime target in the sector, Johnson turned to his "Best in Breed" screener. His research pinpointed American Airlines Group Inc. (NASDAQ: AAL) as a dud set to drop the most as the economy slows down.
One way to make money off this stock's fall is to simply short it. But the risk here is too high, and we have a smarter play. Shorting a stock exposes an investor to potentially unlimited losses, should the stock move higher.
Rather, we can use stock options to accomplish the same result – but with much lower risk. Buying options risks only the small amount of money invested but has the potential to double your money or more in a short period of time.
American Airlines closed Thursday at $32.13 per share, and Johnson has a price target of $29 for the near term. Given the price and time frame, the AAL April 18, 2019 $32 put (AAL|20190418|32.00C) presents a great opportunity to profit as the stock falls. At $1.25 per option, these puts offer the opportunity to double your money over the next few weeks, as this laggard leads the transportation sector lower. This isn't even factoring in the Boeing Co. (NYSE: BA) scandal that's grounded all 737 Max aircraft. American Airlines owns 24 of them.
This put option contract, which gives the holder the right (but not obligation) to sell 100 shares of AAL stock at $32 per share will cost $125 per 100-share contract, before commissions. If shares of AAL fall to Johnson's target price of $29 before its April 18 expiration, the options price will be $3. This is the difference between the strike price ($32) and stock price ($29).
With the current options price $1.25, that is more than a double. And that's not a bad payday for a month's trade.
The stock market recently experienced its worst October since 2008.
But since late September, Chris Johnson has delivered a perfect 20-0 record in closed trades with the help of his brand-new Infrared Index.
And it's expected to continue to produce massive profit opportunities, like 157% in total returns in just 24 hours.
In fact, Chris has a new trade opportunity coming out tonight.


text:
Chicago SEO Services
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Infographics Design & Promotion
Blog Creation & Management
Inbound Marketing Service
Facebook Attacked Recently By An Unidentified Group Of Hackers
Sanket Patel February 19,2013 SMM
After the news regarding 250,000 Twitter user's account has been hacked earlier in this month by the hackers through gaining admittance to information, inclusive of user names and email addresses, recently it has been heard that the other most popular social networking site facebook got attacked by an anonymous group of hackers. Over a billion of people are using Facebook, and this news has made many users worried regarding their privacy and security. In this regards, the Facebook company has assured its users that the attack was discovered at the earliest stage, and none of the user's data were hacked or compromised from its servers.
According to the statement given by the Facebook, the malware was installed on laptops used by Facebook employees. When some employees visited a mobile developer's web site, the attack took place. As per the Facebook's Chief Security Officer Joe Sullivan, the attack was infused into the site's HTML. Any engineer who visited the mobile developer's site and had Java enabled in their browser would have been afflicted, keeping aside how reinforced their machine was.
As soon as the malware was detected, all the infected machines were rectified by the Facebook company. A detailed investigation has been conducted by the Facebook about this serious issue. However, the users of this social networking site are given an assurance by the Facebook that they are, along with their own internal engineering teams, with law enforcement authorities and with security teams at various other companies are working gradually and carefully in order to get every possible detail regarding this attack. They are working hard, to prevent the happening of this type of attack in the future.
Facebook and Twitter are not the only once sites that are attacked by the hackers. Many other unnamed companies were also attacked by the hackers. There is a need to take some serious actions in order to give a better protection for the users as well as their own systems.
What do you think about this matter? Do you feel any insecurity in using Facebook and the way you communicate online?
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Wach- und Sicherheitsdienst Herbert Meier Inhaber Rickmer Wilke has its registered office in Bochum, Germany. Its current status is listed as active. The company is registered at the Trade register at the local court of Bochum with the legal form of Sole proprietorship (number HRA 2390). The Trade register entry was last updated on Feb 20, 1997. One director currently runs the company: 1 proprietor. The company has one location. The bank details of the major bank are also available. The company report was last updated on Feb 13, 2019.
Dirk Dören Handelsvermittlung "au|te|vis Handelsagentur"


text:
More than half of under-35s would benefit from advice
The majority of under-35s would benefit from regular financial advice, latest research suggests.
In a study commissioned by the Openwork network, 53 per cent of all adults said they would want advice, rising to 61 per cent for the under-35s.
Younger workers were also more interested in workplace guidance, with 51 per cent of 18-24-year olds saying they would like their employer to offer support.
However, only 12 per cent of adults see an adviser regularly, Openwork finds, where a gender gap also exists between men at 15 per cent and women at 10.
This is despite nearly a third of all adults worrying they do not know enough about money and more than a quarter feeling unsure about their financial situation.
Openwork director of learning Claire Limon says: "As we head into 2020, it is crystal clear that the need for high quality financial advice remains as strong as ever. Expanding the number of advisers in the UK is vital…all ages and backgrounds have the potential to make career changes."


Our original blend features gentle notes of citrus followed by a smooth & balanced mix of baobab, argan, and jojoba oil. A touch of fir & rosemary will leave your face buds feeling clean and refreshed.
At Aeemelia we offer products and packaging that don't pollute our streams or oceans. We like using only what we need, so we can tread lightly on this earth.
We source with intention from small family-owned operations to support healthy vibrant global communities.
Sign up for a spam-free diet of Aeemelia below.


text:
(-) International Relations--U.S. foreign policy (29)
(-) Conflict & Conflict Resolution--Governance (3)
(-) International Security & Defense--Terrorism & Counterterrorism (2)
International Security & Defense--Afghanistan war (1)
(-) International Security & Defense--Weapons of Mass Destruction (1)
Nuclear Security Matters--National Nuclear Security Administration (1)
(-) Broadcast Appearance (22)
Diplomacy and International Politics (30)
(-) Future of Diplomacy Project (30)
WGBH
Analysis & Opinions - WGBH
Former Ambassador Nicholas Burns Discusses Trump's Foreign Policy
Read more about Former Ambassador Nicholas Burns Discusses Trump's Foreign Policy
It's been six months since President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un said they came to an agreement on denuclearization, but new satellite images published this week by an independent Washington think tank showed at least 13 previously undeclared missile operating bases in North Korea.
Speech - Harvard Kennedy School
Negotiating for Peace and Security on the Korean Peninsula
Read more about Negotiating for Peace and Security on the Korean Peninsula
Former UN Secretary-General, Ban Ki-Moon (MPP '85) and former Acting Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Susan Thornton, will discuss the negotiations for peace and security on the Korean Peninsula. This forum event will be moderated by Ambassador Nicholas Burns, Roy and Barbara Goodman Family Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and International Relations and Faculty Chair of the Future of Diplomacy Project.
NowThis Media
Analysis & Opinions - NowThis
Trump is Only Making Iran Stronger - NowThis News
Read more about Trump is Only Making Iran Stronger - NowThis News
Nicholas Burns' interview op-ed with NowThis news: Trump is only making Iran stronger.
Analysis & Opinions - MSNBC
How Will Trump's Iran Deal Decision Impact Foreign Policy?
Jake Sullivan
Read more about How Will Trump's Iran Deal Decision Impact Foreign Policy?
Before President Trump announces his decision on the Iran Deal, Former US Ambassador to NATO Nick Burns and Former Senior Policy Advisor for Hillary Clinton's Campaign Jake Sullivan join Andrea Mitchell to discuss what this decision could mean for foreign policy.
Analysis & Opinions - CNBC
Historic Meeting Between North Korea's Kim Jong Un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in
Read more about Historic Meeting Between North Korea's Kim Jong Un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in
Amb. Nicholas Burns on North Korea's Kim Jong Un and South Korean President Moon Jae-in meeting today
Nicholas Burns on End of Korean War
Read more about Nicholas Burns on End of Korean War
Former American Diplomat and Professor at JFK School of Government at Harvard University, Nicholas Burns gives his insight on the relationship between North and South Korea following the historical summit of the two nations.
Analysis & Opinions - EastWest Institute
Podcast: A Changing U.S. Foreign Policy
Read more about Podcast: A Changing U.S. Foreign Policy
Staffing gaps and significant personnel changes at the State Department have raised concerns about the direction of U.S. foreign policy, especially amid public statements by President Donald Trump concerning American alliances and positions on issues around the world. Ambassador Cameron Munter invites Ambassador Nicholas Burns to share his insights and ideas, including on timely topics such as the U.S.-Russia relationship following the re-election of Vladimir Putin, Transatlantic relations and changing perceptions about the future role of NATO, and a possible meeting between President Trump and his North Korean counterpart on nuclear nonproliferation and security.
Ambassador Burns was Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs under President George W. Bush. Prior to that assignment, he was also U.S. Ambassador to NATO. Currently, Burns is the Goodman Family Professor of the Practice of Diplomacy and International Relations at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, and also director of The Future of Diplomacy Project.
CNNi
Analysis & Opinions - CNN International
Fmr. U.S. Amb. to NATO Nicholas Burns on Russian Diplomats Expelled
Read more about Fmr. U.S. Amb. to NATO Nicholas Burns on Russian Diplomats Expelled
Fmr. U.S. Amb. to NATO Nicholas Burns on Russian diplomats expelled from U.S. and European countries.
Can Pompeo, Mattis impact Bolton's role?
Read more about Can Pompeo, Mattis impact Bolton's role?
Fmr. Amb. Nicholas Burns joins Morning Joe to discuss the naming of John Bolton as the new national security adviser. Sen. Ed Markey, D-Mass., also joins the conversation.
Trump Needs To Be 'In Lockstep' with South Korea When Meeting with North Korea's Leader
Read more about Trump Needs To Be 'In Lockstep' with South Korea When Meeting with North Korea's Leader
In a "Squawk Box" interview, Burns credited Trump's veiled military threats in response to Kim's aggression and diplomatic progress with North Korean ally China for seeding an environment to make a meeting possible.


The microform collection encompasses over 186,000 pieces of microfiche and reels of microfilm. The library catalog will list these resources under the location.
All microforms are located on the first floor of the library. The library has four machines that patrons can use to view and make free copies of materials. Please see a librarian if you need assistance using the microform collections.


as the crow flies 4' 22" HDV 2010. Italy. short extract 51"
D: Montenegro, Fisher, Olivares. Anzio, Italy.
Exploring ideas of consumption, language and cultural identity the film takes as its point of departure apples and persimmon fruit and their symbolic relationships to Cristian and Hebrew texts.
Thanks to: Rifrazioni Residency & Festival 2009. Giovanni Falcone School, Anzio & Nettuno, Italy 2010.


text:
// Package out provides a mechanism for sending localized, stylized output to the console.
package out

import (
	"strings"

	"k8s.io/minikube/pkg/minikube/out/register"
	"k8s.io/minikube/pkg/minikube/reason"
	"k8s.io/minikube/pkg/minikube/style"
)

// Error shows an an error reason
func Error(k reason.Kind, format string, a ...V) {
	if JSON {
		msg := Fmt(format, a...)
		register.PrintErrorExitCode(strings.TrimSpace(msg), k.ExitCode, map[string]string{
			"name":   k.ID,
			"advice": k.Advice,
			"url":    k.URL,
			"issues": strings.Join(k.IssueURLs(), ","),
		})
	} else {
		displayText(k, format, a...)
	}
}

// WarnReason shows a warning reason
func WarnReason(k reason.Kind, format string, a ...V) {
	if JSON {
		msg := Fmt(format, a...)
		register.PrintWarning(msg)
	} else {
		displayText(k, format, a...)
	}
}

// indentMultiLine indents a message if it contains multiple lines
func indentMultiLine(s string) string {
	if !strings.Contains(s, "\n") {
		return s
	}

	cleaned := []string{"\n"}
	for _, sn := range strings.Split(s, "\n") {
		cleaned = append(cleaned, style.Indented+strings.TrimSpace(sn))
	}
	return strings.Join(cleaned, "\n")
}

func displayText(k reason.Kind, format string, a ...V) {
	Ln("")
	st := k.Style

	if st == style.None {
		st = style.KnownIssue
	}

	ErrT(st, format, a...)

	if k.Advice != "" {

		advice := indentMultiLine(Fmt(k.Advice, a...))
		ErrT(style.Tip, Fmt("Suggestion: {{.advice}}", V{"advice": advice}))
	}

	if k.URL != "" {
		ErrT(style.Documentation, "Documentation: {{.url}}", V{"url": k.URL})
	}

	issueURLs := k.IssueURLs()
	if len(issueURLs) == 1 {
		ErrT(style.Issues, "Related issue: {{.url}}", V{"url": issueURLs[0]})
	}

	if len(issueURLs) > 1 {
		ErrT(style.Issues, "Related issues:")
		for _, i := range issueURLs {
			ErrT(style.Issue, "{{.url}}", V{"url": i})
		}
	}

	if k.NewIssueLink {
		ErrT(style.Empty, "")
		displayGitHubIssueMessage()
	}
	Ln("")
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: C++ map a template derived class Hi I have a the following structures and data types:
enum EWorkerType
{
   WorkerType1,
   WorkerType2,
   LastWorker
};

template<class DerivedType>
struct CHandlerMethod
{
};

struct CFunctorA : public CHandlerMethod<CFunctorA>
{
};
struct CFunctorB : public CHandlerMethod<CFunctorB>
{
};

template<class TFunctor>
struct CWorkerHandler
{
    CHandlerMethod<TFunctor>* m_HandlerMethod;
};

typedef std::vector<CWorkerHandler<CFunctorA>*> WorkerA;
typedef std::vector<CWorkerHandler<CFunctorB>*> WorkerB;

I need a direction to create a const map between EWorkerType::WorkerType1 to WorkerA and  EWorkerType::WorkerType2 to WorkerB.
I tried this direction
struct WorkersMapping
{
WorkersMapping()
{
    m_WorkersMapper.insert(EWorkerType::WorkerType2, CFunctorA::value_type());
}
static std::map<EWorkerType, ???> m_WorkersMapper;
};
static WorkersMapping m_WorkersMapping;

A: You may use something like (for compile time):
template <EWorkerType> struct WorkersMapping;

template <> struct WorkersMapping<WorkerType1>
{
    using type = WorkerA;
};

template <> struct WorkersMapping<WorkerType2>
{
    using type = WorkerB;
};

or if your enum values is correctly chosen, something like:
template <EWorkerType E> struct WorkersMapping
{
    using type = typename std::tuple_element<E, std::tuple<WorkerA, WorkerB>>::type;
};

A: Wrap WorkerA and WorkerB into respective classes derived from a common base class, in addition to also inheriting from std::vector (multiple inheritance). Then simply define your map value as a smart pointer to the base class (or a regular pointer if you want to put the worker objects on the stack).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The US-based professional networking site LinkedIn is looking for expansion in India, its second biggest market after US, having a user base of 35 Mn. It is planning to acquire entrepreneurial talent and placing its bet on technology startups in the country.
As claimed by LinkedIn India head Akshay Kothari, a lot of product innovation and optimisation for the company takes place at its Bangalore office. The company recently moved to a new, 2,22,000-sq. ft office, spread over two floors (7th & 8th), taken on lease early this year, to seat about 800 employees.
The new office offers a decidedly quirky take on the office interior and the environment. With the conventional LinkedIn logo at the entrance, the whole of office space is divided into colour zones and themes like Yellow, Red, Purple and Green. Not only it is wide spaced, and open-aired, but also offers a cozy 'feel-like-home' environment for the employees. Cool reception, custom built work stations, serene collaboration rooms and five-star equivalent kitchen are some of the key attractions. The innovative furniture designs in each zone, especially in the collaboration space are the most unique features.
Each zone has multiple meeting rooms and custom built work stations which can be modified as per employee's comfort zone. The desks have three buttons by which they can be extended to become a partial cubicle, or can be adjusted for height, in case someone decided to stand and work.
The work space offers an interactive environment to avoid monotony. For instance, the wall in the background here is made of pins that can be changed at anytime to create any design one wants to.
Each zone resonates with the company's ethos and work culture. For example, meeting rooms are aptly named as 'Relationships Matter'. Each work zone also has multiple enclosed phone booths that can be used as single-seating rooms to have private or confidential phone calls.
The most unique feature of the entire space are eight massive, widespread collaboration rooms, with unique furniture in each of them. One's been built like a garage, while another one gives the feeling as if you're sitting in your private patio! The whole idea is to provide a calm environment to ensure people come up with best options.
These chairs have been custom built to ensure privacy and a sense of complete concentration even in an open space.
The kitchen, is competent enough to give a close fight to 5-start hotel buffets. Adjoining the cafeteria, it is divided into zones- global, Indian and live-food counters which prepare and serve hot food free of cost. Hot waffles, pizzas, pastas, fresh idlis, Mexican, Continental, the list is endless.
These are the large screens at cafeteria that keep throwing some very interesting trivia about how employees world around think, work and play.
It's the workout time. Yoga and Gym,, choose what suits you.
Head To Play! Following the motto of " Work Hard, Play Harder", all sorts of games are available for LinkedIn's employees.Foozeball, snooker, table tennis, you name it and play it!
Even after all this you feel tired or drowsy, don't worry. You can sleep it off in the Sleeping Room, equipped with 3-tier bunker beds, separated by curtains, complete with comfortable pillows and blankets. Or maybe relax your frayed nerves in these massage chairs to do away with fatigue! Not a bad way to end a work day, right?


text:
Matchmoving: Object Tracking
Object Tracking With Tim Dobbert
In visual effects work, it is common to have an element in the live-action footage that needs to be tracked. This is often the case when you need to add an effect to an actor's face, attach a CG object to a moving vehicle, or even add lip sync to an animal's performance. In this title, Tim Dobbert shows you how to track an object's motion using matchmoving software. You'll learn how to use the solution to drive an object's animation in Maya and how to properly evaluate your results. He'll also show you advanced object tracking techniques such as how to solve for an object's motion when the camera is also in motion, and how to invert the camera's motion with that of the object. Tim uses a variety of software packages for this lecture including Maya, Boujou, MatchMover and After Effects.
Format: SD 1024x768
00. Preview
01. Introduction
02. Object Tracking
03. Connecting Object Motion
04. Final Checks and Delivery
05. Auto Tracking for Objects
06. Moving Cameras / Moving Objects
07. Inverting Camera / Object Motion
Tim Dobbert is currently matchmove supervisor for The Orphanage in San Francisco. He has over eight years experience in the industry including work as a matchmover, animator and technical director. His credits include Hellboy, Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, Sin City, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Superman Returns as well as numerous commercial and television projects. He is the author of the first and only book on the subject, "Matchmoving: The Invisible Art of Camera Tracking." He also teaches university classes in Matchmoving and Image-Based Content Creation, and has lectured throughout the world.
"Tim Dobbert has released a perfect companion to his benchmark book on 3D tracking with this new tutorial series on one of the most difficult aspects of visual effects. Ranging from matchmoving fundamentals to object tracking to studio production tips, this series will be essential to those wishing to master the field."
- Eric Hanson
Senior Producer/VFX Designer
TRex lookDev and lighting with Maya and Arnold
Character Animation: Fundamentals
Character Design Pipeline
3D and 2D Techniques for 360 degree Panoramic Illustration
Creature Head Texture Look-Dev
Matchmoving Production Techniques


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Consultation open for South Australian Grain Industry Blueprint
Jun 12, 2020 | Media Releases
Capturing greater value from export markets, building demand for grain within South Australia and reinforcing SA's reputation as a producer of quality grain are just some of the key themes in the draft South Australian Grain Industry Blueprint, which is now open for public consultation.
The consultation phase of the Blueprint was launched today at innovative grain farming business Bulla Burra, Loxton, by Minister for Primary Industries and Regional Development Tim Whetstone and Grain Producers SA (GPSA) Deputy Chair Adrian McCabe.
The development of the Blueprint has been led by Grain Producers SA (GPSA) with funding from the State Government and is the first of its kind for the South Australian grain industry.
Minister Whetstone said the Blueprint had identified a number of exciting opportunities which the South Australian grain industry could capitalise on over the next decade.
"The Marshall Liberal Government is committed to supporting SA's primary industries to invest, expand and grow," he said.
"South Australia's grain industry is one of the state's largest economic contributors for primary industries and agribusiness revenue, contributing almost $3.8 billion in 2018-19.
"There are an estimated 4,500 grain farmers in SA and the Blueprint will help grow agribusiness revenue and increase jobs in the state.
"To drive this, the State Government has set an objective to lift the sustainable economic growth rate in SA to an average of three per cent per year, which equates to the grain industry contributing $6 billion to gross food revenue by 2030."
Underpinning the Blueprint are six key pillars: Market Opportunities, Adding Value, Biosecurity and Market Access, Innovation, Building Industry Capacity and Infrastructure.
Each pillar has had its own working group which has brought together people with a significant stake and passion from across the entire grain value chain to help develop the vision and opportunities for that particular aspect of the industry.
Mr Dabinett said it was crucial everyone along the grain value chain had their say on the vision for the industry's path to 2030.
"We want the Blueprint to be an accurate reflection of the entire industry's requirements to succeed through to 2030 and beyond," he said.
"In developing the draft Blueprint, a common theme from growers was the strong desire to take greater control over their own futures and to move beyond always being a price taker in the global market."
Mr McCabe encouraged all South Australian growers and other grain industry stakeholders to have their say on whether they think the draft Blueprint has set the right course of action to do this.
Grain industry stakeholders can have their say on the draft Blueprint by heading to its new dedicated website, blueprint.grainproducerssa.com.au.
For interviews with Minister Whetstone, contact Ryan Smith, 0466 498 060
For interviews with GPSA, contact Alistair Lawson AgCommunicators, 0448 400 606
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