text:
#import "FMDB.h"
#import "unistd.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>

#if FMDB_SQLITE_STANDALONE
#import <sqlite3/sqlite3.h>
#else
#import <sqlite3.h>
#endif

@interface FMDatabase ()
- (void)resultSetDidClose:(FMResultSet *)resultSet;
- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray*)arrayArgs orDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryArgs orVAList:(va_list)args;
- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql error:(NSError**)outErr withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray*)arrayArgs orDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryArgs orVAList:(va_list)args;

@end

@implementation FMDatabase
@synthesize cachedStatements=_cachedStatements;
@synthesize logsErrors=_logsErrors;
@synthesize crashOnErrors=_crashOnErrors;
@synthesize checkedOut=_checkedOut;
@synthesize traceExecution=_traceExecution;

#pragma mark FMDatabase instantiation and deallocation

+ (instancetype)databaseWithPath:(NSString*)aPath {
    return FMDBReturnAutoreleased([[self alloc] initWithPath:aPath]);
}

- (instancetype)init {
    return [self initWithPath:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString*)aPath {

    assert(sqlite3_threadsafe()); // whoa there big boy- gotta make sure sqlite it happy with what we're going to do.

    self = [super init];

    if (self) {
        _databasePath               = [aPath copy];
        _openResultSets             = [[NSMutableSet alloc] init];
        _db                         = nil;
        _logsErrors                 = YES;
        _crashOnErrors              = NO;
        _maxBusyRetryTimeInterval   = 2;
    }

    return self;
}

- (void)finalize {
    [self close];
    [super finalize];
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [self close];
    FMDBRelease(_openResultSets);
    FMDBRelease(_cachedStatements);
    FMDBRelease(_dateFormat);
    FMDBRelease(_databasePath);
    FMDBRelease(_openFunctions);

#if ! __has_feature(objc_arc)
    [super dealloc];
#endif
}

- (NSString *)databasePath {
    return _databasePath;
}

+ (NSString*)FMDBUserVersion {
    return @"2.6.2";
}

// returns 0x0240 for version 2.4.  This makes it super easy to do things like:
// /* need to make sure to do X with FMDB version 2.4 or later */
// if ([FMDatabase FMDBVersion] >= 0x0240) { … }

+ (SInt32)FMDBVersion {

    // we go through these hoops so that we only have to change the version number in a single spot.
    static dispatch_once_t once;
    static SInt32 FMDBVersionVal = 0;

    dispatch_once(&once, ^{
        NSString *prodVersion = [self FMDBUserVersion];

        if ([[prodVersion componentsSeparatedByString:@"."] count] < 3) {
            prodVersion = [prodVersion stringByAppendingString:@".0"];
        }

        NSString *junk = [prodVersion stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"." withString:@""];

        char *e = nil;
        FMDBVersionVal = (int) strtoul([junk UTF8String], &e, 16);

    });

    return FMDBVersionVal;
}

#pragma mark SQLite information

+ (NSString*)sqliteLibVersion {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%s", sqlite3_libversion()];
}

+ (BOOL)isSQLiteThreadSafe {
    // make sure to read the sqlite headers on this guy!
    return sqlite3_threadsafe() != 0;
}

- (void*)sqliteHandle {
    return _db;
}

- (const char*)sqlitePath {

    if (!_databasePath) {
        return ":memory:";
    }

    if ([_databasePath length] == 0) {
        return ""; // this creates a temporary database (it's an sqlite thing).
    }

    return [_databasePath fileSystemRepresentation];

}

#pragma mark Open and close database

- (BOOL)open {
    if (_db) {
        return YES;
    }

    int err = sqlite3_open([self sqlitePath], (sqlite3**)&_db );
    if(err != SQLITE_OK) {
        NSLog(@"error opening!: %d", err);
        return NO;
    }

    if (_maxBusyRetryTimeInterval > 0.0) {
        // set the handler
        [self setMaxBusyRetryTimeInterval:_maxBusyRetryTimeInterval];
    }

    return YES;
}

- (BOOL)openWithFlags:(int)flags {
    return [self openWithFlags:flags vfs:nil];
}
- (BOOL)openWithFlags:(int)flags vfs:(NSString *)vfsName {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3005000
    if (_db) {
        return YES;
    }

    int err = sqlite3_open_v2([self sqlitePath], (sqlite3**)&_db, flags, [vfsName UTF8String]);
    if(err != SQLITE_OK) {
        NSLog(@"error opening!: %d", err);
        return NO;
    }

    if (_maxBusyRetryTimeInterval > 0.0) {
        // set the handler
        [self setMaxBusyRetryTimeInterval:_maxBusyRetryTimeInterval];
    }

    return YES;
#else
    NSLog(@"openWithFlags requires SQLite 3.5");
    return NO;
#endif
}

- (BOOL)close {

    [self clearCachedStatements];
    [self closeOpenResultSets];

    if (!_db) {
        return YES;
    }

    int  rc;
    BOOL retry;
    BOOL triedFinalizingOpenStatements = NO;

    do {
        retry   = NO;
        rc      = sqlite3_close(_db);
        if (SQLITE_BUSY == rc || SQLITE_LOCKED == rc) {
            if (!triedFinalizingOpenStatements) {
                triedFinalizingOpenStatements = YES;
                sqlite3_stmt *pStmt;
                while ((pStmt = sqlite3_next_stmt(_db, nil)) !=0) {
                    NSLog(@"Closing leaked statement");
                    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
                    retry = YES;
                }
            }
        }
        else if (SQLITE_OK != rc) {
            NSLog(@"error closing!: %d", rc);
        }
    }
    while (retry);

    _db = nil;
    return YES;
}

#pragma mark Busy handler routines

// NOTE: appledoc seems to choke on this function for some reason;
//       so when generating documentation, you might want to ignore the
//       .m files so that it only documents the public interfaces outlined
//       in the .h files.
//
//       This is a known appledoc bug that it has problems with C functions
//       within a class implementation, but for some reason, only this
//       C function causes problems; the rest don't. Anyway, ignoring the .m
//       files with appledoc will prevent this problem from occurring.

static int FMDBDatabaseBusyHandler(void *f, int count) {
    FMDatabase *self = (__bridge FMDatabase*)f;

    if (count == 0) {
        self->_startBusyRetryTime = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];
        return 1;
    }

    NSTimeInterval delta = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - (self->_startBusyRetryTime);

    if (delta < [self maxBusyRetryTimeInterval]) {
        int requestedSleepInMillseconds = (int) arc4random_uniform(50) + 50;
        int actualSleepInMilliseconds = sqlite3_sleep(requestedSleepInMillseconds);
        if (actualSleepInMilliseconds != requestedSleepInMillseconds) {
            NSLog(@"WARNING: Requested sleep of %i milliseconds, but SQLite returned %i. Maybe SQLite wasn't built with HAVE_USLEEP=1?", requestedSleepInMillseconds, actualSleepInMilliseconds);
        }
        return 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

- (void)setMaxBusyRetryTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)timeout {

    _maxBusyRetryTimeInterval = timeout;

    if (!_db) {
        return;
    }

    if (timeout > 0) {
        sqlite3_busy_handler(_db, &FMDBDatabaseBusyHandler, (__bridge void *)(self));
    }
    else {
        // turn it off otherwise
        sqlite3_busy_handler(_db, nil, nil);
    }
}

- (NSTimeInterval)maxBusyRetryTimeInterval {
    return _maxBusyRetryTimeInterval;
}

// we no longer make busyRetryTimeout public
// but for folks who don't bother noticing that the interface to FMDatabase changed,
// we'll still implement the method so they don't get suprise crashes
- (int)busyRetryTimeout {
    NSLog(@"%s:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@"FMDB: busyRetryTimeout no longer works, please use maxBusyRetryTimeInterval");
    return -1;
}

- (void)setBusyRetryTimeout:(int)i {
#pragma unused(i)
    NSLog(@"%s:%d", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    NSLog(@"FMDB: setBusyRetryTimeout does nothing, please use setMaxBusyRetryTimeInterval:");
}

#pragma mark Result set functions

- (BOOL)hasOpenResultSets {
    return [_openResultSets count] > 0;
}

- (void)closeOpenResultSets {

    //Copy the set so we don't get mutation errors
    NSSet *openSetCopy = FMDBReturnAutoreleased([_openResultSets copy]);
    for (NSValue *rsInWrappedInATastyValueMeal in openSetCopy) {
        FMResultSet *rs = (FMResultSet *)[rsInWrappedInATastyValueMeal pointerValue];

        [rs setParentDB:nil];
        [rs close];

        [_openResultSets removeObject:rsInWrappedInATastyValueMeal];
    }
}

- (void)resultSetDidClose:(FMResultSet *)resultSet {
    NSValue *setValue = [NSValue valueWithNonretainedObject:resultSet];

    [_openResultSets removeObject:setValue];
}

#pragma mark Cached statements

- (void)clearCachedStatements {

    for (NSMutableSet *statements in [_cachedStatements objectEnumerator]) {
        for (FMStatement *statement in [statements allObjects]) {
            [statement close];
        }
    }

    [_cachedStatements removeAllObjects];
}

- (FMStatement*)cachedStatementForQuery:(NSString*)query {

    NSMutableSet* statements = [_cachedStatements objectForKey:query];

    return [[statements objectsPassingTest:^BOOL(FMStatement* statement, BOOL *stop) {

        *stop = ![statement inUse];
        return *stop;

    }] anyObject];
}

- (void)setCachedStatement:(FMStatement*)statement forQuery:(NSString*)query {

    query = [query copy]; // in case we got handed in a mutable string...
    [statement setQuery:query];

    NSMutableSet* statements = [_cachedStatements objectForKey:query];
    if (!statements) {
        statements = [NSMutableSet set];
    }

    [statements addObject:statement];

    [_cachedStatements setObject:statements forKey:query];

    FMDBRelease(query);
}

#pragma mark Key routines

- (BOOL)rekey:(NSString*)key {
    NSData *keyData = [NSData dataWithBytes:(void *)[key UTF8String] length:(NSUInteger)strlen([key UTF8String])];

    return [self rekeyWithData:keyData];
}

- (BOOL)rekeyWithData:(NSData *)keyData {
#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
    if (!keyData) {
        return NO;
    }

    int rc = sqlite3_rekey(_db, [keyData bytes], (int)[keyData length]);

    if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
        NSLog(@"error on rekey: %d", rc);
        NSLog(@"%@", [self lastErrorMessage]);
    }

    return (rc == SQLITE_OK);
#else
#pragma unused(keyData)
    return NO;
#endif
}

- (BOOL)setKey:(NSString*)key {
    NSData *keyData = [NSData dataWithBytes:[key UTF8String] length:(NSUInteger)strlen([key UTF8String])];

    return [self setKeyWithData:keyData];
}

- (BOOL)setKeyWithData:(NSData *)keyData {
#ifdef SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
    if (!keyData) {
        return NO;
    }

    int rc = sqlite3_key(_db, [keyData bytes], (int)[keyData length]);

    return (rc == SQLITE_OK);
#else
#pragma unused(keyData)
    return NO;
#endif
}

#pragma mark Date routines

+ (NSDateFormatter *)storeableDateFormat:(NSString *)format {

    NSDateFormatter *result = FMDBReturnAutoreleased([[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]);
    result.dateFormat = format;
    result.timeZone = [NSTimeZone timeZoneForSecondsFromGMT:0];
    result.locale = FMDBReturnAutoreleased([[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US"]);
    return result;
}

- (BOOL)hasDateFormatter {
    return _dateFormat != nil;
}

- (void)setDateFormat:(NSDateFormatter *)format {
    FMDBAutorelease(_dateFormat);
    _dateFormat = FMDBReturnRetained(format);
}

- (NSDate *)dateFromString:(NSString *)s {
    return [_dateFormat dateFromString:s];
}

- (NSString *)stringFromDate:(NSDate *)date {
    return [_dateFormat stringFromDate:date];
}

#pragma mark State of database

- (BOOL)goodConnection {

    if (!_db) {
        return NO;
    }

    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:@"select name from sqlite_master where type='table'"];

    if (rs) {
        [rs close];
        return YES;
    }

    return NO;
}

- (void)warnInUse {
    NSLog(@"The FMDatabase %@ is currently in use.", self);

#ifndef NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS
    if (_crashOnErrors) {
        NSAssert(false, @"The FMDatabase %@ is currently in use.", self);
        abort();
    }
#endif
}

- (BOOL)databaseExists {

    if (!_db) {

        NSLog(@"The FMDatabase %@ is not open.", self);

#ifndef NS_BLOCK_ASSERTIONS
        if (_crashOnErrors) {
            NSAssert(false, @"The FMDatabase %@ is not open.", self);
            abort();
        }
#endif

        return NO;
    }

    return YES;
}

#pragma mark Error routines

- (NSString*)lastErrorMessage {
    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:sqlite3_errmsg(_db)];
}

- (BOOL)hadError {
    int lastErrCode = [self lastErrorCode];

    return (lastErrCode > SQLITE_OK && lastErrCode < SQLITE_ROW);
}

- (int)lastErrorCode {
    return sqlite3_errcode(_db);
}

- (NSError*)errorWithMessage:(NSString*)message {
    NSDictionary* errorMessage = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:message forKey:NSLocalizedDescriptionKey];

    return [NSError errorWithDomain:@"FMDatabase" code:sqlite3_errcode(_db) userInfo:errorMessage];
}

- (NSError*)lastError {
    return [self errorWithMessage:[self lastErrorMessage]];
}

#pragma mark Update information routines

- (sqlite_int64)lastInsertRowId {

    if (_isExecutingStatement) {
        [self warnInUse];
        return NO;
    }

    _isExecutingStatement = YES;

    sqlite_int64 ret = sqlite3_last_insert_rowid(_db);

    _isExecutingStatement = NO;

    return ret;
}

- (int)changes {
    if (_isExecutingStatement) {
        [self warnInUse];
        return 0;
    }

    _isExecutingStatement = YES;

    int ret = sqlite3_changes(_db);

    _isExecutingStatement = NO;

    return ret;
}

#pragma mark SQL manipulation

- (void)bindObject:(id)obj toColumn:(int)idx inStatement:(sqlite3_stmt*)pStmt {

    if ((!obj) || ((NSNull *)obj == [NSNull null])) {
        sqlite3_bind_null(pStmt, idx);
    }

    // FIXME - someday check the return codes on these binds.
    else if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
        const void *bytes = [obj bytes];
        if (!bytes) {
            // it's an empty NSData object, aka [NSData data].
            // Don't pass a NULL pointer, or sqlite will bind a SQL null instead of a blob.
            bytes = "";
        }
        sqlite3_bind_blob(pStmt, idx, bytes, (int)[obj length], SQLITE_STATIC);
    }
    else if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSDate class]]) {
        if (self.hasDateFormatter)
            sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, idx, [[self stringFromDate:obj] UTF8String], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
        else
            sqlite3_bind_double(pStmt, idx, [obj timeIntervalSince1970]);
    }
    else if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {

        if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(char)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, idx, [obj charValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(unsigned char)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, idx, [obj unsignedCharValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(short)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, idx, [obj shortValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(unsigned short)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, idx, [obj unsignedShortValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(int)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, idx, [obj intValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(unsigned int)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, idx, (long long)[obj unsignedIntValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(long)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, idx, [obj longValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(unsigned long)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, idx, (long long)[obj unsignedLongValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(long long)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, idx, [obj longLongValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(unsigned long long)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int64(pStmt, idx, (long long)[obj unsignedLongLongValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(float)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_double(pStmt, idx, [obj floatValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(double)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_double(pStmt, idx, [obj doubleValue]);
        }
        else if (strcmp([obj objCType], @encode(BOOL)) == 0) {
            sqlite3_bind_int(pStmt, idx, ([obj boolValue] ? 1 : 0));
        }
        else {
            sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, idx, [[obj description] UTF8String], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
        }
    }
    else {
        sqlite3_bind_text(pStmt, idx, [[obj description] UTF8String], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
    }
}

- (void)extractSQL:(NSString *)sql argumentsList:(va_list)args intoString:(NSMutableString *)cleanedSQL arguments:(NSMutableArray *)arguments {

    NSUInteger length = [sql length];
    unichar last = '\0';
    for (NSUInteger i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
        id arg = nil;
        unichar current = [sql characterAtIndex:i];
        unichar add = current;
        if (last == '%') {
            switch (current) {
                case '@':
                    arg = va_arg(args, id);
                    break;
                case 'c':
                    // warning: second argument to 'va_arg' is of promotable type 'char'; this va_arg has undefined behavior because arguments will be promoted to 'int'
                    arg = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%c", va_arg(args, int)];
                    break;
                case 's':
                    arg = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:va_arg(args, char*)];
                    break;
                case 'd':
                case 'D':
                case 'i':
                    arg = [NSNumber numberWithInt:va_arg(args, int)];
                    break;
                case 'u':
                case 'U':
                    arg = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedInt:va_arg(args, unsigned int)];
                    break;
                case 'h':
                    i++;
                    if (i < length && [sql characterAtIndex:i] == 'i') {
                        //  warning: second argument to 'va_arg' is of promotable type 'short'; this va_arg has undefined behavior because arguments will be promoted to 'int'
                        arg = [NSNumber numberWithShort:(short)(va_arg(args, int))];
                    }
                    else if (i < length && [sql characterAtIndex:i] == 'u') {
                        // warning: second argument to 'va_arg' is of promotable type 'unsigned short'; this va_arg has undefined behavior because arguments will be promoted to 'int'
                        arg = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedShort:(unsigned short)(va_arg(args, uint))];
                    }
                    else {
                        i--;
                    }
                    break;
                case 'q':
                    i++;
                    if (i < length && [sql characterAtIndex:i] == 'i') {
                        arg = [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:va_arg(args, long long)];
                    }
                    else if (i < length && [sql characterAtIndex:i] == 'u') {
                        arg = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLongLong:va_arg(args, unsigned long long)];
                    }
                    else {
                        i--;
                    }
                    break;
                case 'f':
                    arg = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:va_arg(args, double)];
                    break;
                case 'g':
                    // warning: second argument to 'va_arg' is of promotable type 'float'; this va_arg has undefined behavior because arguments will be promoted to 'double'
                    arg = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:(float)(va_arg(args, double))];
                    break;
                case 'l':
                    i++;
                    if (i < length) {
                        unichar next = [sql characterAtIndex:i];
                        if (next == 'l') {
                            i++;
                            if (i < length && [sql characterAtIndex:i] == 'd') {
                                //%lld
                                arg = [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:va_arg(args, long long)];
                            }
                            else if (i < length && [sql characterAtIndex:i] == 'u') {
                                //%llu
                                arg = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLongLong:va_arg(args, unsigned long long)];
                            }
                            else {
                                i--;
                            }
                        }
                        else if (next == 'd') {
                            //%ld
                            arg = [NSNumber numberWithLong:va_arg(args, long)];
                        }
                        else if (next == 'u') {
                            //%lu
                            arg = [NSNumber numberWithUnsignedLong:va_arg(args, unsigned long)];
                        }
                        else {
                            i--;
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        i--;
                    }
                    break;
                default:
                    // something else that we can't interpret. just pass it on through like normal
                    break;
            }
        }
        else if (current == '%') {
            // percent sign; skip this character
            add = '\0';
        }

        if (arg != nil) {
            [cleanedSQL appendString:@"?"];
            [arguments addObject:arg];
        }
        else if (add == (unichar)'@' && last == (unichar) '%') {
            [cleanedSQL appendFormat:@"NULL"];
        }
        else if (add != '\0') {
            [cleanedSQL appendFormat:@"%C", add];
        }
        last = current;
    }
}

#pragma mark Execute queries

- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql withParameterDictionary:(NSDictionary *)arguments {
    return [self executeQuery:sql withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:arguments orVAList:nil];
}

- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray*)arrayArgs orDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryArgs orVAList:(va_list)args {

    if (![self databaseExists]) {
        return 0x00;
    }

    if (_isExecutingStatement) {
        [self warnInUse];
        return 0x00;
    }

    _isExecutingStatement = YES;

    int rc                  = 0x00;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt     = 0x00;
    FMStatement *statement  = 0x00;
    FMResultSet *rs         = 0x00;

    if (_traceExecution && sql) {
        NSLog(@"%@ executeQuery: %@", self, sql);
    }

    if (_shouldCacheStatements) {
        statement = [self cachedStatementForQuery:sql];
        pStmt = statement ? [statement statement] : 0x00;
        [statement reset];
    }

    if (!pStmt) {

        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(_db, [sql UTF8String], -1, &pStmt, 0);

        if (SQLITE_OK != rc) {
            if (_logsErrors) {
                NSLog(@"DB Error: %d \"%@\"", [self lastErrorCode], [self lastErrorMessage]);
                NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
                NSLog(@"DB Path: %@", _databasePath);
            }

            if (_crashOnErrors) {
                NSAssert(false, @"DB Error: %d \"%@\"", [self lastErrorCode], [self lastErrorMessage]);
                abort();
            }

            sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
            _isExecutingStatement = NO;
            return nil;
        }
    }

    id obj;
    int idx = 0;
    int queryCount = sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(pStmt); // pointed out by Dominic Yu (thanks!)

    // If dictionaryArgs is passed in, that means we are using sqlite's named parameter support
    if (dictionaryArgs) {

        for (NSString *dictionaryKey in [dictionaryArgs allKeys]) {

            // Prefix the key with a colon.
            NSString *parameterName = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@":%@", dictionaryKey];

            if (_traceExecution) {
                NSLog(@"%@ = %@", parameterName, [dictionaryArgs objectForKey:dictionaryKey]);
            }

            // Get the index for the parameter name.
            int namedIdx = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pStmt, [parameterName UTF8String]);

            FMDBRelease(parameterName);

            if (namedIdx > 0) {
                // Standard binding from here.
                [self bindObject:[dictionaryArgs objectForKey:dictionaryKey] toColumn:namedIdx inStatement:pStmt];
                // increment the binding count, so our check below works out
                idx++;
            }
            else {
                NSLog(@"Could not find index for %@", dictionaryKey);
            }
        }
    }
    else {

        while (idx < queryCount) {

            if (arrayArgs && idx < (int)[arrayArgs count]) {
                obj = [arrayArgs objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx];
            }
            else if (args) {
                obj = va_arg(args, id);
            }
            else {
                //We ran out of arguments
                break;
            }

            if (_traceExecution) {
                if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
                    NSLog(@"data: %ld bytes", (unsigned long)[(NSData*)obj length]);
                }
                else {
                    NSLog(@"obj: %@", obj);
                }
            }

            idx++;

            [self bindObject:obj toColumn:idx inStatement:pStmt];
        }
    }

    if (idx != queryCount) {
        NSLog(@"Error: the bind count is not correct for the # of variables (executeQuery)");
        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
        _isExecutingStatement = NO;
        return nil;
    }

    FMDBRetain(statement); // to balance the release below

    if (!statement) {
        statement = [[FMStatement alloc] init];
        [statement setStatement:pStmt];

        if (_shouldCacheStatements && sql) {
            [self setCachedStatement:statement forQuery:sql];
        }
    }

    // the statement gets closed in rs's dealloc or [rs close];
    rs = [FMResultSet resultSetWithStatement:statement usingParentDatabase:self];
    [rs setQuery:sql];

    NSValue *openResultSet = [NSValue valueWithNonretainedObject:rs];
    [_openResultSets addObject:openResultSet];

    [statement setUseCount:[statement useCount] + 1];

    FMDBRelease(statement);

    _isExecutingStatement = NO;

    return rs;
}

- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString*)sql, ... {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, sql);

    id result = [self executeQuery:sql withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:args];

    va_end(args);
    return result;
}

- (FMResultSet *)executeQueryWithFormat:(NSString*)format, ... {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);

    NSMutableString *sql = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:[format length]];
    NSMutableArray *arguments = [NSMutableArray array];
    [self extractSQL:format argumentsList:args intoString:sql arguments:arguments];

    va_end(args);

    return [self executeQuery:sql withArgumentsInArray:arguments];
}

- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray *)arguments {
    return [self executeQuery:sql withArgumentsInArray:arguments orDictionary:nil orVAList:nil];
}

- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql values:(NSArray *)values error:(NSError * __autoreleasing *)error {
    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:sql withArgumentsInArray:values orDictionary:nil orVAList:nil];
    if (!rs && error) {
        *error = [self lastError];
    }
    return rs;
}

- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString*)sql withVAList:(va_list)args {
    return [self executeQuery:sql withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:args];
}

#pragma mark Execute updates

- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql error:(NSError**)outErr withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray*)arrayArgs orDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryArgs orVAList:(va_list)args {

    if (![self databaseExists]) {
        return NO;
    }

    if (_isExecutingStatement) {
        [self warnInUse];
        return NO;
    }

    _isExecutingStatement = YES;

    int rc                   = 0x00;
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt      = 0x00;
    FMStatement *cachedStmt  = 0x00;

    if (_traceExecution && sql) {
        NSLog(@"%@ executeUpdate: %@", self, sql);
    }

    if (_shouldCacheStatements) {
        cachedStmt = [self cachedStatementForQuery:sql];
        pStmt = cachedStmt ? [cachedStmt statement] : 0x00;
        [cachedStmt reset];
    }

    if (!pStmt) {
        rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(_db, [sql UTF8String], -1, &pStmt, 0);

        if (SQLITE_OK != rc) {
            if (_logsErrors) {
                NSLog(@"DB Error: %d \"%@\"", [self lastErrorCode], [self lastErrorMessage]);
                NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
                NSLog(@"DB Path: %@", _databasePath);
            }

            if (_crashOnErrors) {
                NSAssert(false, @"DB Error: %d \"%@\"", [self lastErrorCode], [self lastErrorMessage]);
                abort();
            }

            if (outErr) {
                *outErr = [self errorWithMessage:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:sqlite3_errmsg(_db)]];
            }

            sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);

            _isExecutingStatement = NO;
            return NO;
        }
    }

    id obj;
    int idx = 0;
    int queryCount = sqlite3_bind_parameter_count(pStmt);

    // If dictionaryArgs is passed in, that means we are using sqlite's named parameter support
    if (dictionaryArgs) {

        for (NSString *dictionaryKey in [dictionaryArgs allKeys]) {

            // Prefix the key with a colon.
            NSString *parameterName = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@":%@", dictionaryKey];

            if (_traceExecution) {
                NSLog(@"%@ = %@", parameterName, [dictionaryArgs objectForKey:dictionaryKey]);
            }
            // Get the index for the parameter name.
            int namedIdx = sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(pStmt, [parameterName UTF8String]);

            FMDBRelease(parameterName);

            if (namedIdx > 0) {
                // Standard binding from here.
                [self bindObject:[dictionaryArgs objectForKey:dictionaryKey] toColumn:namedIdx inStatement:pStmt];

                // increment the binding count, so our check below works out
                idx++;
            }
            else {
                NSString *message = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Could not find index for %@", dictionaryKey];

                if (_logsErrors) {
                    NSLog(@"%@", message);
                }
                if (outErr) {
                    *outErr = [self errorWithMessage:message];
                }
            }
        }
    }
    else {

        while (idx < queryCount) {

            if (arrayArgs && idx < (int)[arrayArgs count]) {
                obj = [arrayArgs objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx];
            }
            else if (args) {
                obj = va_arg(args, id);
            }
            else {
                //We ran out of arguments
                break;
            }

            if (_traceExecution) {
                if ([obj isKindOfClass:[NSData class]]) {
                    NSLog(@"data: %ld bytes", (unsigned long)[(NSData*)obj length]);
                }
                else {
                    NSLog(@"obj: %@", obj);
                }
            }

            idx++;

            [self bindObject:obj toColumn:idx inStatement:pStmt];
        }
    }

    if (idx != queryCount) {
        NSString *message = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Error: the bind count (%d) is not correct for the # of variables in the query (%d) (%@) (executeUpdate)", idx, queryCount, sql];
        if (_logsErrors) {
            NSLog(@"%@", message);
        }
        if (outErr) {
            *outErr = [self errorWithMessage:message];
        }

        sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
        _isExecutingStatement = NO;
        return NO;
    }

    /* Call sqlite3_step() to run the virtual machine. Since the SQL being
     ** executed is not a SELECT statement, we assume no data will be returned.
     */

    rc      = sqlite3_step(pStmt);

    if (SQLITE_DONE == rc) {
        // all is well, let's return.
    }
    else if (SQLITE_INTERRUPT == rc) {
        if (_logsErrors) {
            NSLog(@"Error calling sqlite3_step. Query was interrupted (%d: %s) SQLITE_INTERRUPT", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(_db));
            NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
        }
    }
    else if (rc == SQLITE_ROW) {
        NSString *message = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"A executeUpdate is being called with a query string '%@'", sql];
        if (_logsErrors) {
            NSLog(@"%@", message);
            NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
        }
        if (outErr) {
            *outErr = [self errorWithMessage:message];
        }
    }
    else {
        if (outErr) {
            *outErr = [self errorWithMessage:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:sqlite3_errmsg(_db)]];
        }

        if (SQLITE_ERROR == rc) {
            if (_logsErrors) {
                NSLog(@"Error calling sqlite3_step (%d: %s) SQLITE_ERROR", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(_db));
                NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
            }
        }
        else if (SQLITE_MISUSE == rc) {
            // uh oh.
            if (_logsErrors) {
                NSLog(@"Error calling sqlite3_step (%d: %s) SQLITE_MISUSE", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(_db));
                NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
            }
        }
        else {
            // wtf?
            if (_logsErrors) {
                NSLog(@"Unknown error calling sqlite3_step (%d: %s) eu", rc, sqlite3_errmsg(_db));
                NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
            }
        }
    }

    if (_shouldCacheStatements && !cachedStmt) {
        cachedStmt = [[FMStatement alloc] init];

        [cachedStmt setStatement:pStmt];

        [self setCachedStatement:cachedStmt forQuery:sql];

        FMDBRelease(cachedStmt);
    }

    int closeErrorCode;

    if (cachedStmt) {
        [cachedStmt setUseCount:[cachedStmt useCount] + 1];
        closeErrorCode = sqlite3_reset(pStmt);
    }
    else {
        /* Finalize the virtual machine. This releases all memory and other
         ** resources allocated by the sqlite3_prepare() call above.
         */
        closeErrorCode = sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    }

    if (closeErrorCode != SQLITE_OK) {
        if (_logsErrors) {
            NSLog(@"Unknown error finalizing or resetting statement (%d: %s)", closeErrorCode, sqlite3_errmsg(_db));
            NSLog(@"DB Query: %@", sql);
        }
    }

    _isExecutingStatement = NO;
    return (rc == SQLITE_DONE || rc == SQLITE_OK);
}

- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql, ... {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, sql);

    BOOL result = [self executeUpdate:sql error:nil withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:args];

    va_end(args);
    return result;
}

- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray *)arguments {
    return [self executeUpdate:sql error:nil withArgumentsInArray:arguments orDictionary:nil orVAList:nil];
}

- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql values:(NSArray *)values error:(NSError * __autoreleasing *)error {
    return [self executeUpdate:sql error:error withArgumentsInArray:values orDictionary:nil orVAList:nil];
}

- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql withParameterDictionary:(NSDictionary *)arguments {
    return [self executeUpdate:sql error:nil withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:arguments orVAList:nil];
}

- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql withVAList:(va_list)args {
    return [self executeUpdate:sql error:nil withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:args];
}

- (BOOL)executeUpdateWithFormat:(NSString*)format, ... {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);

    NSMutableString *sql      = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:[format length]];
    NSMutableArray *arguments = [NSMutableArray array];

    [self extractSQL:format argumentsList:args intoString:sql arguments:arguments];

    va_end(args);

    return [self executeUpdate:sql withArgumentsInArray:arguments];
}

int FMDBExecuteBulkSQLCallback(void *theBlockAsVoid, int columns, char **values, char **names); // shhh clang.
int FMDBExecuteBulkSQLCallback(void *theBlockAsVoid, int columns, char **values, char **names) {

    if (!theBlockAsVoid) {
        return SQLITE_OK;
    }

    int (^execCallbackBlock)(NSDictionary *resultsDictionary) = (__bridge int (^)(NSDictionary *__strong))(theBlockAsVoid);

    NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)columns];

    for (NSInteger i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
        NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:names[i]];
        id value = values[i] ? [NSString stringWithUTF8String:values[i]] : [NSNull null];
        [dictionary setObject:value forKey:key];
    }

    return execCallbackBlock(dictionary);
}

- (BOOL)executeStatements:(NSString *)sql {
    return [self executeStatements:sql withResultBlock:nil];
}

- (BOOL)executeStatements:(NSString *)sql withResultBlock:(FMDBExecuteStatementsCallbackBlock)block {

    int rc;
    char *errmsg = nil;

    rc = sqlite3_exec([self sqliteHandle], [sql UTF8String], block ? FMDBExecuteBulkSQLCallback : nil, (__bridge void *)(block), &errmsg);

    if (errmsg && [self logsErrors]) {
        NSLog(@"Error inserting batch: %s", errmsg);
        sqlite3_free(errmsg);
    }

    return (rc == SQLITE_OK);
}

- (BOOL)executeUpdate:(NSString*)sql withErrorAndBindings:(NSError**)outErr, ... {

    va_list args;
    va_start(args, outErr);

    BOOL result = [self executeUpdate:sql error:outErr withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:args];

    va_end(args);
    return result;
}

#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-implementations"
- (BOOL)update:(NSString*)sql withErrorAndBindings:(NSError**)outErr, ... {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, outErr);

    BOOL result = [self executeUpdate:sql error:outErr withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:args];

    va_end(args);
    return result;
}

#pragma clang diagnostic pop

#pragma mark Transactions

- (BOOL)rollback {
    BOOL b = [self executeUpdate:@"rollback transaction"];

    if (b) {
        _inTransaction = NO;
    }

    return b;
}

- (BOOL)commit {
    BOOL b =  [self executeUpdate:@"commit transaction"];

    if (b) {
        _inTransaction = NO;
    }

    return b;
}

- (BOOL)beginDeferredTransaction {

    BOOL b = [self executeUpdate:@"begin deferred transaction"];
    if (b) {
        _inTransaction = YES;
    }

    return b;
}

- (BOOL)beginTransaction {

    BOOL b = [self executeUpdate:@"begin exclusive transaction"];
    if (b) {
        _inTransaction = YES;
    }

    return b;
}

- (BOOL)inTransaction {
    return _inTransaction;
}

- (BOOL)interrupt
{
    if (_db) {
        sqlite3_interrupt([self sqliteHandle]);
        return YES;
    }
    return NO;
}

static NSString *FMDBEscapeSavePointName(NSString *savepointName) {
    return [savepointName stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"'" withString:@"''"];
}

- (BOOL)startSavePointWithName:(NSString*)name error:(NSError**)outErr {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007000
    NSParameterAssert(name);

    NSString *sql = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"savepoint '%@';", FMDBEscapeSavePointName(name)];

    return [self executeUpdate:sql error:outErr withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:nil];
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Save point functions require SQLite 3.7", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return NO;
#endif
}

- (BOOL)releaseSavePointWithName:(NSString*)name error:(NSError**)outErr {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007000
    NSParameterAssert(name);

    NSString *sql = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"release savepoint '%@';", FMDBEscapeSavePointName(name)];

    return [self executeUpdate:sql error:outErr withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:nil];
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Save point functions require SQLite 3.7", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return NO;
#endif
}

- (BOOL)rollbackToSavePointWithName:(NSString*)name error:(NSError**)outErr {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007000
    NSParameterAssert(name);

    NSString *sql = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"rollback transaction to savepoint '%@';", FMDBEscapeSavePointName(name)];

    return [self executeUpdate:sql error:outErr withArgumentsInArray:nil orDictionary:nil orVAList:nil];
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Save point functions require SQLite 3.7", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return NO;
#endif
}

- (NSError*)inSavePoint:(void (^)(BOOL *rollback))block {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007000
    static unsigned long savePointIdx = 0;

    NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"dbSavePoint%ld", savePointIdx++];

    BOOL shouldRollback = NO;

    NSError *err = 0x00;

    if (![self startSavePointWithName:name error:&err]) {
        return err;
    }

    if (block) {
        block(&shouldRollback);
    }

    if (shouldRollback) {
        // We need to rollback and release this savepoint to remove it
        [self rollbackToSavePointWithName:name error:&err];
    }
    [self releaseSavePointWithName:name error:&err];

    return err;
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Save point functions require SQLite 3.7", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return [NSError errorWithDomain:@"FMDatabase" code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : errorMessage}];
#endif
}

#pragma mark Cache statements

- (BOOL)shouldCacheStatements {
    return _shouldCacheStatements;
}

- (void)setShouldCacheStatements:(BOOL)value {

    _shouldCacheStatements = value;

    if (_shouldCacheStatements && !_cachedStatements) {
        [self setCachedStatements:[NSMutableDictionary dictionary]];
    }

    if (!_shouldCacheStatements) {
        [self setCachedStatements:nil];
    }
}

#pragma mark Callback function

void FMDBBlockSQLiteCallBackFunction(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv); // -Wmissing-prototypes
void FMDBBlockSQLiteCallBackFunction(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv) {
#if ! __has_feature(objc_arc)
    void (^block)(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv) = (id)sqlite3_user_data(context);
#else
    void (^block)(sqlite3_context *context, int argc, sqlite3_value **argv) = (__bridge id)sqlite3_user_data(context);
#endif
    if (block) {
        block(context, argc, argv);
    }
}

- (void)makeFunctionNamed:(NSString*)name maximumArguments:(int)count withBlock:(void (^)(void *context, int argc, void **argv))block {

    if (!_openFunctions) {
        _openFunctions = [NSMutableSet new];
    }

    id b = FMDBReturnAutoreleased([block copy]);

    [_openFunctions addObject:b];

    /* I tried adding custom functions to release the block when the connection is destroyed- but they seemed to never be called, so we use _openFunctions to store the values instead. */
#if ! __has_feature(objc_arc)
    sqlite3_create_function([self sqliteHandle], [name UTF8String], count, SQLITE_UTF8, (void*)b, &FMDBBlockSQLiteCallBackFunction, 0x00, 0x00);
#else
    sqlite3_create_function([self sqliteHandle], [name UTF8String], count, SQLITE_UTF8, (__bridge void*)b, &FMDBBlockSQLiteCallBackFunction, 0x00, 0x00);
#endif
}

@end

@implementation FMStatement
@synthesize statement=_statement;
@synthesize query=_query;
@synthesize useCount=_useCount;
@synthesize inUse=_inUse;

- (void)finalize {
    [self close];
    [super finalize];
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [self close];
    FMDBRelease(_query);
#if ! __has_feature(objc_arc)
    [super dealloc];
#endif
}

- (void)close {
    if (_statement) {
        sqlite3_finalize(_statement);
        _statement = 0x00;
    }

    _inUse = NO;
}

- (void)reset {
    if (_statement) {
        sqlite3_reset(_statement);
    }

    _inUse = NO;
}

- (NSString*)description {
    return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %ld hit(s) for query %@", [super description], _useCount, _query];
}

@end

//
//  FMDatabaseAdditions.m
//  fmdb
//
//  Created by August Mueller on 10/30/05.
//  Copyright 2005 Flying Meat Inc.. All rights reserved.
//

#import "TargetConditionals.h"

@interface FMDatabase (PrivateStuff)
- (FMResultSet *)executeQuery:(NSString *)sql withArgumentsInArray:(NSArray*)arrayArgs orDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryArgs orVAList:(va_list)args;
@end

@implementation FMDatabase (FMDatabaseAdditions)

#define RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(type, sel)             \
va_list args;                                                        \
va_start(args, query);                                               \
FMResultSet *resultSet = [self executeQuery:query withArgumentsInArray:0x00 orDictionary:0x00 orVAList:args];   \
va_end(args);                                                        \
if (![resultSet next]) { return (type)0; }                           \
type ret = [resultSet sel:0];                                        \
[resultSet close];                                                   \
[resultSet setParentDB:nil];                                         \
return ret;

- (NSString*)stringForQuery:(NSString*)query, ... {
    RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(NSString *, stringForColumnIndex);
}

- (int)intForQuery:(NSString*)query, ... {
    RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(int, intForColumnIndex);
}

- (long)longForQuery:(NSString*)query, ... {
    RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(long, longForColumnIndex);
}

- (BOOL)boolForQuery:(NSString*)query, ... {
    RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(BOOL, boolForColumnIndex);
}

- (double)doubleForQuery:(NSString*)query, ... {
    RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(double, doubleForColumnIndex);
}

- (NSData*)dataForQuery:(NSString*)query, ... {
    RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(NSData *, dataForColumnIndex);
}

- (NSDate*)dateForQuery:(NSString*)query, ... {
    RETURN_RESULT_FOR_QUERY_WITH_SELECTOR(NSDate *, dateForColumnIndex);
}

- (BOOL)tableExists:(NSString*)tableName {

    tableName = [tableName lowercaseString];

    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:@"select [sql] from sqlite_master where [type] = 'table' and lower(name) = ?", tableName];

    //if at least one next exists, table exists
    BOOL returnBool = [rs next];

    //close and free object
    [rs close];

    return returnBool;
}

/*
 get table with list of tables: result colums: type[STRING], name[STRING],tbl_name[STRING],rootpage[INTEGER],sql[STRING]
 check if table exist in database  (patch from OZLB)
 */
- (FMResultSet*)getSchema {

    //result colums: type[STRING], name[STRING],tbl_name[STRING],rootpage[INTEGER],sql[STRING]
    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:@"SELECT type, name, tbl_name, rootpage, sql FROM (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master) WHERE type != 'meta' AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' ORDER BY tbl_name, type DESC, name"];

    return rs;
}

/*
 get table schema: result colums: cid[INTEGER], name,type [STRING], notnull[INTEGER], dflt_value[],pk[INTEGER]
 */
- (FMResultSet*)getTableSchema:(NSString*)tableName {

    //result colums: cid[INTEGER], name,type [STRING], notnull[INTEGER], dflt_value[],pk[INTEGER]
    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:[NSString stringWithFormat: @"pragma table_info('%@')", tableName]];

    return rs;
}

- (BOOL)columnExists:(NSString*)columnName inTableWithName:(NSString*)tableName {

    BOOL returnBool = NO;

    tableName  = [tableName lowercaseString];
    columnName = [columnName lowercaseString];

    FMResultSet *rs = [self getTableSchema:tableName];

    //check if column is present in table schema
    while ([rs next]) {
        if ([[[rs stringForColumn:@"name"] lowercaseString] isEqualToString:columnName]) {
            returnBool = YES;
            break;
        }
    }

    //If this is not done FMDatabase instance stays out of pool
    [rs close];

    return returnBool;
}

- (uint32_t)applicationID {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007017
    uint32_t r = 0;

    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:@"pragma application_id"];

    if ([rs next]) {
        r = (uint32_t)[rs longLongIntForColumnIndex:0];
    }

    [rs close];

    return r;
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Application ID functions require SQLite 3.7.17", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return 0;
#endif
}

- (void)setApplicationID:(uint32_t)appID {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007017
    NSString *query = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"pragma application_id=%d", appID];
    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:query];
    [rs next];
    [rs close];
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Application ID functions require SQLite 3.7.17", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
#endif
}

#if TARGET_OS_MAC && !TARGET_OS_IPHONE

- (NSString*)applicationIDString {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007017
    NSString *s = NSFileTypeForHFSTypeCode([self applicationID]);

    assert([s length] == 6);

    s = [s substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(1, 4)];

    return s;
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Application ID functions require SQLite 3.7.17", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return nil;
#endif
}

- (void)setApplicationIDString:(NSString*)s {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007017
    if ([s length] != 4) {
        NSLog(@"setApplicationIDString: string passed is not exactly 4 chars long. (was %ld)", [s length]);
    }

    [self setApplicationID:NSHFSTypeCodeFromFileType([NSString stringWithFormat:@"'%@'", s])];
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Application ID functions require SQLite 3.7.17", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
#endif
}

#endif

- (uint32_t)userVersion {
    uint32_t r = 0;

    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:@"pragma user_version"];

    if ([rs next]) {
        r = (uint32_t)[rs longLongIntForColumnIndex:0];
    }

    [rs close];
    return r;
}

- (void)setUserVersion:(uint32_t)version {
    NSString *query = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"pragma user_version = %d", version];
    FMResultSet *rs = [self executeQuery:query];
    [rs next];
    [rs close];
}

#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-implementations"

- (BOOL)columnExists:(NSString*)tableName columnName:(NSString*)columnName __attribute__ ((deprecated)) {
    return [self columnExists:columnName inTableWithName:tableName];
}

#pragma clang diagnostic pop

- (BOOL)validateSQL:(NSString*)sql error:(NSError**)error {
    sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = NULL;
    BOOL validationSucceeded = YES;

    int rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(_db, [sql UTF8String], -1, &pStmt, 0);
    if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
        validationSucceeded = NO;
        if (error) {
            *error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSCocoaErrorDomain
                                         code:[self lastErrorCode]
                                     userInfo:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[self lastErrorMessage]
                                                                          forKey:NSLocalizedDescriptionKey]];
        }
    }

    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);

    return validationSucceeded;
}

@end
//
//  FMDatabasePool.m
//  fmdb
//
//  Created by August Mueller on 6/22/11.
//  Copyright 2011 Flying Meat Inc. All rights reserved.
//

@interface FMDatabasePool()

- (void)pushDatabaseBackInPool:(FMDatabase*)db;
- (FMDatabase*)db;

@end

@implementation FMDatabasePool
@synthesize path=_path;
@synthesize delegate=_delegate;
@synthesize maximumNumberOfDatabasesToCreate=_maximumNumberOfDatabasesToCreate;
@synthesize openFlags=_openFlags;

+ (instancetype)databasePoolWithPath:(NSString*)aPath {
    return FMDBReturnAutoreleased([[self alloc] initWithPath:aPath]);
}

+ (instancetype)databasePoolWithPath:(NSString*)aPath flags:(int)openFlags {
    return FMDBReturnAutoreleased([[self alloc] initWithPath:aPath flags:openFlags]);
}

- (instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString*)aPath flags:(int)openFlags vfs:(NSString *)vfsName {

    self = [super init];

    if (self != nil) {
        _path               = [aPath copy];
        _lockQueue          = dispatch_queue_create([[NSString stringWithFormat:@"fmdb.%@", self] UTF8String], NULL);
        _databaseInPool     = FMDBReturnRetained([NSMutableArray array]);
        _databaseOutPool    = FMDBReturnRetained([NSMutableArray array]);
        _openFlags          = openFlags;
        _vfsName            = [vfsName copy];
    }

    return self;
}

- (instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString*)aPath flags:(int)openFlags {
    return [self initWithPath:aPath flags:openFlags vfs:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString*)aPath
{
    // default flags for sqlite3_open
    return [self initWithPath:aPath flags:SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE];
}

- (instancetype)init {
    return [self initWithPath:nil];
}

+ (Class)databaseClass {
    return [FMDatabase class];
}

- (void)dealloc {

    _delegate = 0x00;
    FMDBRelease(_path);
    FMDBRelease(_databaseInPool);
    FMDBRelease(_databaseOutPool);

    if (_lockQueue) {
        FMDBDispatchQueueRelease(_lockQueue);
        _lockQueue = 0x00;
    }
#if ! __has_feature(objc_arc)
    [super dealloc];
#endif
}

- (void)executeLocked:(void (^)(void))aBlock {
    dispatch_sync(_lockQueue, aBlock);
}

- (void)pushDatabaseBackInPool:(FMDatabase*)db {

    if (!db) { // db can be null if we set an upper bound on the # of databases to create.
        return;
    }

    [self executeLocked:^() {

        if ([self->_databaseInPool containsObject:db]) {
            [[NSException exceptionWithName:@"Database already in pool" reason:@"The FMDatabase being put back into the pool is already present in the pool" userInfo:nil] raise];
        }

        [self->_databaseInPool addObject:db];
        [self->_databaseOutPool removeObject:db];

    }];
}

- (FMDatabase*)db {

    __block FMDatabase *db;

    [self executeLocked:^() {
        db = [self->_databaseInPool lastObject];

        BOOL shouldNotifyDelegate = NO;

        if (db) {
            [self->_databaseOutPool addObject:db];
            [self->_databaseInPool removeLastObject];
        }
        else {

            if (self->_maximumNumberOfDatabasesToCreate) {
                NSUInteger currentCount = [self->_databaseOutPool count] + [self->_databaseInPool count];

                if (currentCount >= self->_maximumNumberOfDatabasesToCreate) {
                    NSLog(@"Maximum number of databases (%ld) has already been reached!", (long)currentCount);
                    return;
                }
            }

            db = [[[self class] databaseClass] databaseWithPath:self->_path];
            shouldNotifyDelegate = YES;
        }

        //This ensures that the db is opened before returning
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3005000
        BOOL success = [db openWithFlags:self->_openFlags vfs:self->_vfsName];
#else
        BOOL success = [db open];
#endif
        if (success) {
            if ([self->_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(databasePool:shouldAddDatabaseToPool:)] && ![self->_delegate databasePool:self shouldAddDatabaseToPool:db]) {
                [db close];
                db = 0x00;
            }
            else {
                //It should not get added in the pool twice if lastObject was found
                if (![self->_databaseOutPool containsObject:db]) {
                    [self->_databaseOutPool addObject:db];

                    if (shouldNotifyDelegate && [self->_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(databasePool:didAddDatabase:)]) {
                        [self->_delegate databasePool:self didAddDatabase:db];
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            NSLog(@"Could not open up the database at path %@", self->_path);
            db = 0x00;
        }
    }];

    return db;
}

- (NSUInteger)countOfCheckedInDatabases {

    __block NSUInteger count;

    [self executeLocked:^() {
        count = [self->_databaseInPool count];
    }];

    return count;
}

- (NSUInteger)countOfCheckedOutDatabases {

    __block NSUInteger count;

    [self executeLocked:^() {
        count = [self->_databaseOutPool count];
    }];

    return count;
}

- (NSUInteger)countOfOpenDatabases {
    __block NSUInteger count;

    [self executeLocked:^() {
        count = [self->_databaseOutPool count] + [self->_databaseInPool count];
    }];

    return count;
}

- (void)releaseAllDatabases {
    [self executeLocked:^() {
        [self->_databaseOutPool removeAllObjects];
        [self->_databaseInPool removeAllObjects];
    }];
}

- (void)inDatabase:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db))block {

    FMDatabase *db = [self db];

    block(db);

    [self pushDatabaseBackInPool:db];
}

- (void)beginTransaction:(BOOL)useDeferred withBlock:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {

    BOOL shouldRollback = NO;

    FMDatabase *db = [self db];

    if (useDeferred) {
        [db beginDeferredTransaction];
    }
    else {
        [db beginTransaction];
    }

    block(db, &shouldRollback);

    if (shouldRollback) {
        [db rollback];
    }
    else {
        [db commit];
    }

    [self pushDatabaseBackInPool:db];
}

- (void)inDeferredTransaction:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {
    [self beginTransaction:YES withBlock:block];
}

- (void)inTransaction:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {
    [self beginTransaction:NO withBlock:block];
}

- (NSError*)inSavePoint:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007000
    static unsigned long savePointIdx = 0;

    NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"savePoint%ld", savePointIdx++];

    BOOL shouldRollback = NO;

    FMDatabase *db = [self db];

    NSError *err = 0x00;

    if (![db startSavePointWithName:name error:&err]) {
        [self pushDatabaseBackInPool:db];
        return err;
    }

    block(db, &shouldRollback);

    if (shouldRollback) {
        // We need to rollback and release this savepoint to remove it
        [db rollbackToSavePointWithName:name error:&err];
    }
    [db releaseSavePointWithName:name error:&err];

    [self pushDatabaseBackInPool:db];

    return err;
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Save point functions require SQLite 3.7", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return [NSError errorWithDomain:@"FMDatabase" code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : errorMessage}];
#endif
}

@end
//
//  FMDatabaseQueue.m
//  fmdb
//
//  Created by August Mueller on 6/22/11.
//  Copyright 2011 Flying Meat Inc. All rights reserved.
//

/*

 Note: we call [self retain]; before using dispatch_sync, just incase
 FMDatabaseQueue is released on another thread and we're in the middle of doing
 something in dispatch_sync

 */

/*
 * A key used to associate the FMDatabaseQueue object with the dispatch_queue_t it uses.
 * This in turn is used for deadlock detection by seeing if inDatabase: is called on
 * the queue's dispatch queue, which should not happen and causes a deadlock.
 */
static const void * const kDispatchQueueSpecificKey = &kDispatchQueueSpecificKey;

@implementation FMDatabaseQueue

@synthesize path = _path;
@synthesize openFlags = _openFlags;
@synthesize vfsName = _vfsName;

+ (instancetype)databaseQueueWithPath:(NSString*)aPath {

    FMDatabaseQueue *q = [[self alloc] initWithPath:aPath];

    FMDBAutorelease(q);

    return q;
}

+ (instancetype)databaseQueueWithPath:(NSString*)aPath flags:(int)openFlags {

    FMDatabaseQueue *q = [[self alloc] initWithPath:aPath flags:openFlags];

    FMDBAutorelease(q);

    return q;
}

+ (Class)databaseClass {
    return [FMDatabase class];
}

- (instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString*)aPath flags:(int)openFlags vfs:(NSString *)vfsName {

    self = [super init];

    if (self != nil) {

        _db = [[[self class] databaseClass] databaseWithPath:aPath];
        FMDBRetain(_db);

#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3005000
        BOOL success = [_db openWithFlags:openFlags vfs:vfsName];
#else
        BOOL success = [_db open];
#endif
        if (!success) {
            NSLog(@"Could not create database queue for path %@", aPath);
            FMDBRelease(self);
            return 0x00;
        }

        _path = FMDBReturnRetained(aPath);

        _queue = dispatch_queue_create([[NSString stringWithFormat:@"fmdb.%@", self] UTF8String], NULL);
        dispatch_queue_set_specific(_queue, kDispatchQueueSpecificKey, (__bridge void *)self, NULL);
        _openFlags = openFlags;
        _vfsName = [vfsName copy];
    }

    return self;
}

- (instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString*)aPath flags:(int)openFlags {
    return [self initWithPath:aPath flags:openFlags vfs:nil];
}

- (instancetype)initWithPath:(NSString*)aPath {

    // default flags for sqlite3_open
    return [self initWithPath:aPath flags:SQLITE_OPEN_READWRITE | SQLITE_OPEN_CREATE vfs:nil];
}

- (instancetype)init {
    return [self initWithPath:nil];
}

- (void)dealloc {

    FMDBRelease(_db);
    FMDBRelease(_path);

    if (_queue) {
        FMDBDispatchQueueRelease(_queue);
        _queue = 0x00;
    }
#if ! __has_feature(objc_arc)
    [super dealloc];
#endif
}

- (void)close {
    FMDBRetain(self);
    dispatch_sync(_queue, ^() {
        [self->_db close];
        FMDBRelease(_db);
        self->_db = 0x00;
    });
    FMDBRelease(self);
}

- (void)interrupt
{
    [[self database] interrupt];
}

- (FMDatabase*)database {
    if (!_db) {
        _db = FMDBReturnRetained([[[self class] databaseClass] databaseWithPath:_path]);

#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3005000
        BOOL success = [_db openWithFlags:_openFlags vfs:_vfsName];
#else
        BOOL success = [_db open];
#endif
        if (!success) {
            NSLog(@"FMDatabaseQueue could not reopen database for path %@", _path);
            FMDBRelease(_db);
            _db  = 0x00;
            return 0x00;
        }
    }

    return _db;
}

- (void)inDatabase:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db))block {
    /* Get the currently executing queue (which should probably be nil, but in theory could be another DB queue
     * and then check it against self to make sure we're not about to deadlock. */
    FMDatabaseQueue *currentSyncQueue = (__bridge id)dispatch_get_specific(kDispatchQueueSpecificKey);
    assert(currentSyncQueue != self && "inDatabase: was called reentrantly on the same queue, which would lead to a deadlock");

    FMDBRetain(self);

    dispatch_sync(_queue, ^() {

        FMDatabase *db = [self database];
        block(db);

        if ([db hasOpenResultSets]) {
            NSLog(@"Warning: there is at least one open result set around after performing [FMDatabaseQueue inDatabase:]");

#if defined(DEBUG) && DEBUG
            NSSet *openSetCopy = FMDBReturnAutoreleased([[db valueForKey:@"_openResultSets"] copy]);
            for (NSValue *rsInWrappedInATastyValueMeal in openSetCopy) {
                FMResultSet *rs = (FMResultSet *)[rsInWrappedInATastyValueMeal pointerValue];
                NSLog(@"query: '%@'", [rs query]);
            }
#endif
        }
    });

    FMDBRelease(self);
}

- (void)beginTransaction:(BOOL)useDeferred withBlock:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {
    FMDBRetain(self);
    dispatch_sync(_queue, ^() {

        BOOL shouldRollback = NO;

        if (useDeferred) {
            [[self database] beginDeferredTransaction];
        }
        else {
            [[self database] beginTransaction];
        }

        block([self database], &shouldRollback);

        if (shouldRollback) {
            [[self database] rollback];
        }
        else {
            [[self database] commit];
        }
    });

    FMDBRelease(self);
}

- (void)inDeferredTransaction:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {
    [self beginTransaction:YES withBlock:block];
}

- (void)inTransaction:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {
    [self beginTransaction:NO withBlock:block];
}

- (NSError*)inSavePoint:(void (^)(FMDatabase *db, BOOL *rollback))block {
#if SQLITE_VERSION_NUMBER >= 3007000
    static unsigned long savePointIdx = 0;
    __block NSError *err = 0x00;
    FMDBRetain(self);
    dispatch_sync(_queue, ^() {

        NSString *name = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"savePoint%ld", savePointIdx++];

        BOOL shouldRollback = NO;

        if ([[self database] startSavePointWithName:name error:&err]) {

            block([self database], &shouldRollback);

            if (shouldRollback) {
                // We need to rollback and release this savepoint to remove it
                [[self database] rollbackToSavePointWithName:name error:&err];
            }
            [[self database] releaseSavePointWithName:name error:&err];

        }
    });
    FMDBRelease(self);
    return err;
#else
    NSString *errorMessage = NSLocalizedString(@"Save point functions require SQLite 3.7", nil);
    if (self.logsErrors) NSLog(@"%@", errorMessage);
    return [NSError errorWithDomain:@"FMDatabase" code:0 userInfo:@{NSLocalizedDescriptionKey : errorMessage}];
#endif
}

@end

//@interface FMDatabase ()
//- (void)resultSetDidClose:(FMResultSet *)resultSet;
//@end

@implementation FMResultSet
@synthesize query=_query;
@synthesize statement=_statement;

+ (instancetype)resultSetWithStatement:(FMStatement *)statement usingParentDatabase:(FMDatabase*)aDB {

    FMResultSet *rs = [[FMResultSet alloc] init];

    [rs setStatement:statement];
    [rs setParentDB:aDB];

    NSParameterAssert(![statement inUse]);
    [statement setInUse:YES]; // weak reference

    return FMDBReturnAutoreleased(rs);
}

- (void)finalize {
    [self close];
    [super finalize];
}

- (void)dealloc {
    [self close];

    FMDBRelease(_query);
    _query = nil;

    FMDBRelease(_columnNameToIndexMap);
    _columnNameToIndexMap = nil;

#if ! __has_feature(objc_arc)
    [super dealloc];
#endif
}

- (void)close {
    [_statement reset];
    FMDBRelease(_statement);
    _statement = nil;

    // we don't need this anymore... (i think)
    //[_parentDB setInUse:NO];
    [_parentDB resultSetDidClose:self];
    _parentDB = nil;
}

- (int)columnCount {
    return sqlite3_column_count([_statement statement]);
}

- (NSMutableDictionary *)columnNameToIndexMap {
    if (!_columnNameToIndexMap) {
        int columnCount = sqlite3_column_count([_statement statement]);
        _columnNameToIndexMap = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] initWithCapacity:(NSUInteger)columnCount];
        int columnIdx = 0;
        for (columnIdx = 0; columnIdx < columnCount; columnIdx++) {
            [_columnNameToIndexMap setObject:[NSNumber numberWithInt:columnIdx]
                                      forKey:[[NSString stringWithUTF8String:sqlite3_column_name([_statement statement], columnIdx)] lowercaseString]];
        }
    }
    return _columnNameToIndexMap;
}

- (void)kvcMagic:(id)object {

    int columnCount = sqlite3_column_count([_statement statement]);

    int columnIdx = 0;
    for (columnIdx = 0; columnIdx < columnCount; columnIdx++) {

        const char *c = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text([_statement statement], columnIdx);

        // check for a null row
        if (c) {
            NSString *s = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:c];

            [object setValue:s forKey:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:sqlite3_column_name([_statement statement], columnIdx)]];
        }
    }
}

#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-implementations"

- (NSDictionary*)resultDict {

    NSUInteger num_cols = (NSUInteger)sqlite3_data_count([_statement statement]);

    if (num_cols > 0) {
        NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:num_cols];

        NSEnumerator *columnNames = [[self columnNameToIndexMap] keyEnumerator];
        NSString *columnName = nil;
        while ((columnName = [columnNames nextObject])) {
            id objectValue = [self objectForColumnName:columnName];
            [dict setObject:objectValue forKey:columnName];
        }

        return FMDBReturnAutoreleased([dict copy]);
    }
    else {
        NSLog(@"Warning: There seem to be no columns in this set.");
    }

    return nil;
}

#pragma clang diagnostic pop

- (NSDictionary*)resultDictionary {

    NSUInteger num_cols = (NSUInteger)sqlite3_data_count([_statement statement]);

    if (num_cols > 0) {
        NSMutableDictionary *dict = [NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:num_cols];

        int columnCount = sqlite3_column_count([_statement statement]);

        int columnIdx = 0;
        for (columnIdx = 0; columnIdx < columnCount; columnIdx++) {

            NSString *columnName = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:sqlite3_column_name([_statement statement], columnIdx)];
            id objectValue = [self objectForColumnIndex:columnIdx];
            [dict setObject:objectValue forKey:columnName];
        }

        return dict;
    }
    else {
        NSLog(@"Warning: There seem to be no columns in this set.");
    }

    return nil;
}

- (BOOL)next {
    return [self nextWithError:nil];
}

- (BOOL)nextWithError:(NSError **)outErr {

    int rc = sqlite3_step([_statement statement]);

    if (SQLITE_BUSY == rc || SQLITE_LOCKED == rc) {
        NSLog(@"%s:%d Database busy (%@)", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, [_parentDB databasePath]);
        NSLog(@"Database busy");
        if (outErr) {
            *outErr = [_parentDB lastError];
        }
    }
    else if (SQLITE_DONE == rc || SQLITE_ROW == rc) {
        // all is well, let's return.
    }
    else if (SQLITE_ERROR == rc) {
        NSLog(@"Error calling sqlite3_step (%d: %s) rs", rc, sqlite3_errmsg([_parentDB sqliteHandle]));
        if (outErr) {
            *outErr = [_parentDB lastError];
        }
    }
    else if (SQLITE_MISUSE == rc) {
        // uh oh.
        NSLog(@"Error calling sqlite3_step (%d: %s) rs", rc, sqlite3_errmsg([_parentDB sqliteHandle]));
        if (outErr) {
            if (_parentDB) {
                *outErr = [_parentDB lastError];
            }
            else {
                // If 'next' or 'nextWithError' is called after the result set is closed,
                // we need to return the appropriate error.
                NSDictionary* errorMessage = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"parentDB does not exist" forKey:NSLocalizedDescriptionKey];
                *outErr = [NSError errorWithDomain:@"FMDatabase" code:SQLITE_MISUSE userInfo:errorMessage];
            }

        }
    }
    else {
        // wtf?
        NSLog(@"Unknown error calling sqlite3_step (%d: %s) rs", rc, sqlite3_errmsg([_parentDB sqliteHandle]));
        if (outErr) {
            *outErr = [_parentDB lastError];
        }
    }

    if (rc != SQLITE_ROW) {
        [self close];
    }

    return (rc == SQLITE_ROW);
}

- (BOOL)hasAnotherRow {
    return sqlite3_errcode([_parentDB sqliteHandle]) == SQLITE_ROW;
}

- (int)columnIndexForName:(NSString*)columnName {
    columnName = [columnName lowercaseString];

    NSNumber *n = [[self columnNameToIndexMap] objectForKey:columnName];

    if (n) {
        return [n intValue];
    }

    NSLog(@"Warning: I could not find the column named '%@'.", columnName);

    return -1;
}

- (int)intForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self intForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (int)intForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {
    return sqlite3_column_int([_statement statement], columnIdx);
}

- (long)longForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self longForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (long)longForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {
    return (long)sqlite3_column_int64([_statement statement], columnIdx);
}

- (long long int)longLongIntForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self longLongIntForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (long long int)longLongIntForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {
    return sqlite3_column_int64([_statement statement], columnIdx);
}

- (unsigned long long int)unsignedLongLongIntForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self unsignedLongLongIntForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (unsigned long long int)unsignedLongLongIntForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {
    return (unsigned long long int)[self longLongIntForColumnIndex:columnIdx];
}

- (BOOL)boolForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self boolForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (BOOL)boolForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {
    return ([self intForColumnIndex:columnIdx] != 0);
}

- (double)doubleForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self doubleForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (double)doubleForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {
    return sqlite3_column_double([_statement statement], columnIdx);
}

- (NSString*)stringForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {

    if (sqlite3_column_type([_statement statement], columnIdx) == SQLITE_NULL || (columnIdx < 0)) {
        return nil;
    }

    const char *c = (const char *)sqlite3_column_text([_statement statement], columnIdx);

    if (!c) {
        // null row.
        return nil;
    }

    return [NSString stringWithUTF8String:c];
}

- (NSString*)stringForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self stringForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (NSDate*)dateForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self dateForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (NSDate*)dateForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {

    if (sqlite3_column_type([_statement statement], columnIdx) == SQLITE_NULL || (columnIdx < 0)) {
        return nil;
    }

    return [_parentDB hasDateFormatter] ? [_parentDB dateFromString:[self stringForColumnIndex:columnIdx]] : [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:[self doubleForColumnIndex:columnIdx]];
}

- (NSData*)dataForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self dataForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (NSData*)dataForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {

    if (sqlite3_column_type([_statement statement], columnIdx) == SQLITE_NULL || (columnIdx < 0)) {
        return nil;
    }

    const char *dataBuffer = sqlite3_column_blob([_statement statement], columnIdx);
    int dataSize = sqlite3_column_bytes([_statement statement], columnIdx);

    if (dataBuffer == NULL) {
        return nil;
    }

    return [NSData dataWithBytes:(const void *)dataBuffer length:(NSUInteger)dataSize];
}

- (NSData*)dataNoCopyForColumn:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self dataNoCopyForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (NSData*)dataNoCopyForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {

    if (sqlite3_column_type([_statement statement], columnIdx) == SQLITE_NULL || (columnIdx < 0)) {
        return nil;
    }

    const char *dataBuffer = sqlite3_column_blob([_statement statement], columnIdx);
    int dataSize = sqlite3_column_bytes([_statement statement], columnIdx);

    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)dataBuffer length:(NSUInteger)dataSize freeWhenDone:NO];

    return data;
}

- (BOOL)columnIndexIsNull:(int)columnIdx {
    return sqlite3_column_type([_statement statement], columnIdx) == SQLITE_NULL;
}

- (BOOL)columnIsNull:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self columnIndexIsNull:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (const unsigned char *)UTF8StringForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {

    if (sqlite3_column_type([_statement statement], columnIdx) == SQLITE_NULL || (columnIdx < 0)) {
        return nil;
    }

    return sqlite3_column_text([_statement statement], columnIdx);
}

- (const unsigned char *)UTF8StringForColumnName:(NSString*)columnName {
    return [self UTF8StringForColumnIndex:[self columnIndexForName:columnName]];
}

- (id)objectForColumnIndex:(int)columnIdx {
    int columnType = sqlite3_column_type([_statement statement], columnIdx);

    id returnValue = nil;

    if (columnType == SQLITE_INTEGER) {
        returnValue = [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:[self longLongIntForColumnIndex:columnIdx]];
    }
    else if (columnType == SQLITE_FLOAT) {
        returnValue = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:[self doubleForColumnIndex:columnIdx]];
    }
    else if (columnType == SQLITE_BLOB) {
        returnValue = [self dataForColumnIndex:columnIdx];
    }
    else {
        //default to a string for everything else
        returnValue = [self stringForColumnIndex:columnIdx];
    }

    if (returnValue == nil) {
        returnValue = [NSNull null];
    }

    return returnValue;
}

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E-mail is at the same time an efficient communication tool and a big productivity disruption that can occupy up to 23% of your daily working hours. In fact, if you do a search for e-mail and productivity on Google you will get over 260 000 000 (that is right!) hits. This should tell you that for many managing e-mails is a serious modern problem. Furthermore, considering that your brain require a reset time to get back to a deep focus level needed to accomplish key tasks such as writing manuscripts, grants and so on every time you are disrupted, looking at your e-mail you essentially trigger that "reset" timer. The toll on your work could be disastrous.
Before internet, (physical) mails and internal memos would get to you at fixed time points during the day. This would spread the "opportunity" for disruption to a few specific times each day. E-mails on the other hands arrive on a continuous basis throughout you work day, even longer if you collaborate across multiple time zones (in one work effort I am involved, we are covering 17 time zones).
Note that I find it interesting when hearing students telling me that e-mails are a huge problems for them and they do not look at them even thought they received only few "good" e-mails a day. Heck, they are disrupted by texts and other type of posting probably 10x more often. The latter is another matter but this overall underlines that need for some education relative to handling e-mail even for graduate student.
More importantly in academia, e-mail is a powerful way to communicate across the globe and also a key "inbox" for new tasks and projects that bounce your way: request for manuscripts and grants review, call for abstracts at meetings, call for grant proposals, official communications from your colleagues, department, institution and many more. While we certainly do not have the same load as consumer service departments, e-mails is critical in academia.
The figure below provide a report of my e-mail weekly input. It is quite typical: around 700 e-mails/week. Of them no more than 40% are actually real, useful e-mails. For many that is still a lot. You can also note that for this particular week, I also sent quite a lot of e-mails. I would normally hover around 140/week.
Over the year, I have established some strategies to cope with e-mails. I will not that I have reached the perfect approach but overall those who know find that I am usually very responsive to e-mails. I should also point out that since I have two physical place of work, not counting my home office and all the travel, e-mail is actually the best way to get hold of me.
The strategies I developed over the years will be presented into 8 separate sections. This blog post in the first of two and will deal with the first 4 sections, namely filtering, notifications, frequency and the fabulous e-mail charter. In the next one, we will look at e-mail to action, filing, project-based filing and automation/scripting.
First thing you will notice, yes I am subscribing to a filtering services. I have been for many years now to SaneBox. You can see from the provided figures how those e-mails were categorized between the important and all other e-mails; my inbox never get filled by all of those "junk" scientific journals and conferences: they are always ending up in the worst case scenario in the @SaneLater mailbox but never in my top regular inbox. SaneBox services will direct your e-mails automatically either to your regular inbox or if not important in special mailboxes named @SaneLater, @SaneCC, @SaneNews, @SaneBulk boxes. There are a few other automated mailboxes you can use. Best feature is that you can train the software in classifying the incoming e-mails and it does get better with time. This process allow you to concentrate on your actual regular inbox and look at the other mailboxes only once a day or even less if you'd like. Note that the service also provide for a SaneCC mailbox. E-mail etiquette state that if you are in CC, you are not expected to reply. This mailbox automatically direct these e-mails away from your regular inbox and your immediate attention.
SaneBox service does cost around 6/7$ a month but it is a good investment.
This is an important steps. For many this is stressful to do the first time. I have only notifications from a limited number of person, basically my family (in case something happen) or situations in which I turn them on for specific purposes. Otherwise, all notifications from e-mail, social apps or any apps are off. However, for a long time I kept the new e-mail inbox counter on the icon. Over a year ago, I remove that also. This is quite liberating as you do not feel this nagging of the counter on the top of your mail app icon all the time, and it brings me to step 3.
3) Limit the number of times you are looking at e-mails in any given day.
Morning in the bus before getting to work.
just before or after lunch time.
Any time I would move from one major task to another, while waiting for a specific e-mail reply (in-between tasks which would need change of focus anyhow).
More importantly, I also now (since two year ago) stopped completely to look at my e-mail during vacation (my wife is extremely happy). SaneBox has a nice way to keep e-mails arriving in your regular inbox until a later date that you set. No, the world will not stop turning if you do not read your e-mail during vacation. Just make sure that your students have alternative access to someone or you (via phone) in case of extreme emergency like a broken critical piece of equipment and so on.
Thanks to a colleague, I discovered about a year ago the existence of the e-mail charter. It has a few excellent pointers to help yourself and your e-mail recipients simplifying your dealing with e-mails. The website currently appears down but here is a picture of the 10 entries of the charter.
We have up to know just dealt with the basic ethos of e-mail. In the next post we will see how to get from e-mails to action items to Inbox zero.


text:
August Commentary: With Borders Gone, Who's Next?
Right out of the box, we'll tell you that we haven't the foggiest. I suppose we have a number of names that make the Watch List, but no particular retailer stands out. While we continue to see fallout from some furniture operators and other independents, there is no significant chain that jumps out at us regarding a looming bankruptcy.
Rite Aid has been a concern, but comp store sales at the pharmacy chain have recently turned positive. Rite Aid has not shown a recent profit, but as it continues to pare unprofitable stores count, chances that the company will hang around for a while continue to improve. The long term outlook, however, may not be so promising.
We continue to see other chains downsizing, particularly those most impacted by E-commerce. Online sales may ultimately play a villainous role in determining from which retail category the next victim may hail. A recent report from ComScore indicated that online US retail spending was up 14% in Q2. We have to go back two years to Q3 2009 to find the last quarter that wasn't a double digit gain, a far cry from retail sales trends overall. In fact, ComScore reported that nearly $1 of every $10 in discretionary spending is done online, although this factoid reflects items such as event tickets and travel.
E-commerce (online) sales as a percent of total non-auto retail are approximately 5.6% but if we add in mail order sales the ratio jumps to 8.9%. E-commerce sales have grown more than sevenfold since the beginning of 2000 when online sales were not much more than a mere nuisance to brick and mortar retailers. To help put it into perspective, during the12-month period through Q1 2011, E-commerce sales were $173.4 billion, the rough equivalent of Target, Best Buy, Macy's, Kohl's, JCPenney, and Staples aggregate total sales.
In its report, ComScore goes on to say that the best performing online categories have been consumer electronics, computer hardware, and computer software with each growing by at least 15% since last year. That doesn't bode well for retailers selling these categories but many have indicated that stores will be downsized appropriately and in some cases remerchandised.
Best Buy, for example, has experienced significant declines in sales of consumer electronics (TVs, cameras, camcorders, etc.) and entertainment (video gaming hardware and software) products. Combined, the company has seen these categories decline from 60% to 51% of total sales since FY 2006 as online sales and digital content take a toll. Although mobile phone and mobile computing sales have offset some of the impact, it certainly hasn't offset the floor space required to sell those products. Consequently, Best Buy has decreased its prototypical size from 45,000 to 36,000 square feet while it continues to grow its Best Buy Mobile division both in-store and geographically. In existing stores, excess space will be subleased.
Staples is another retailer which is in the midst of downsizing. Computers and office machines currently account for only 46% of sales after generating as much as 52% of the revenue as recently as 2006. With 500 leases expiring over the next three years, and on the heels of disappointing sales, Staples going-forward plan is to open smaller stores.
Walmart announced a few months ago that it also was reducing electronics floor space in its stores and reallocating square footage to apparel. Additionally, this retailer is developing smaller concepts such as Walmart Market, prototypically 42,000 square feet, and Walmart Express, which runs about 15,000 square feet. Both divisions will take advantage of urban markets where real estate is at a premium and where it can go head to head with grocery and dollar stores.
Several other retails, including Sears, Office Depot, Target, and LL Bean have announced smaller store plans. Sears will sublease excess space where store productivity warrants it. Office Depot is facing similar obstacles to Staples. Target is moving into urban markets with City Target with stores ranging from 60,000 square feet to100,000 square feet. LL Bean just announced that it will be opening its second 14,000 square foot store in November, much smaller that the 30,000 square foot units it had been opening during the past several years. The company is planning to add 14 stores between now and 2014 and all are expected to be the smaller prototype.
The trend toward smaller stores is clearly a sign of the times. Consumer belt buckles have tightened and online retailing continues to make inroads on brick and mortar space. It's becoming more apparent every day that the retail industry has entered a new era. We all better adapt!
Bob Sheehan, Vice President of Research
BSheehan@KeyPointPartners.com
Posted by KeyPoint Partners at 9:07 AM No comments:
Labels: Commentary
Industry News: National
US comparable-chain-store sales for July rose by 4.6% on a year-over-year basis as measured by ICSC Research's tally of 27 major retail chain stores. All segments tracked saw the July comparable-store sales pace moderate from a strong June pace. Among merchandise categories, Apparel was particularly weak in July, up 1.4% following a strong 5.5% jump in June. Luxury Retailers, however, continued to outpace the industry with a 8.0% sector gain. Other segments ran as follows: Wholesale Clubs were up 9.9%, Department Stores gained 3.5%, Discounters increased 4.1%, and Drugstores were up 2.5%. Among individual retailers, Gap dropped by 5.0% and Limited gained 6.0%; Costco was up 10.0% and BJs gained 9.2%. Nordstrom and Neiman Marcus gained 6.6% and 7.7% respectively; Target grew by 4.1% and TJX by 4.0%. Macy's gained 5.0%, Kohls dropped by 4.6%; Walgreens was up 2.7%, and Rite Aid rose 1.7%. See our more extensive list of retail sales results below.
Labels: National
Industry News: Accelerating
Hhgregg is on track to open 24 stores in its fiscal second quarter, for a total of 31 new store openings in the first half of this year…Thrift-store retailer Value Village plans to open 23 new stores in 2011, for a total of 287 across the US, Canada and Australia, and another 25 stores in 2012, pushing the total to more than 300...Several retailers have pledged to open stores in what the Department of Agriculture calls "food deserts": low-income markets throughout the country where finding nutritious food options can be difficult. Walmart plans to open between 275-300 stores and Supervalu plans to build 250 Save-A-Lot stores by 2016. Walgreens committed to converting or opening at least 1,000 food oasis stores across the country over the next five years... Victorinox Swiss Army will open five stores in 2011, the first of which opened July 1 in White Plains, NY. The company operates 9 international stores...Books-A-Million submitted a bid to purchase inventory, fixtures, equipment, and leasehold interests for 30 Borders locations. Under the proposed bid, Books-A-Million will assume the leases for these locations and continue to operate these stores. The move came as Borders Group began to liquidate its business. Books-A-Million operates US 231 stores. With the liquidation of Borders, Books-A-Million will be the nation's second-largest book chain, after Barnes & Noble. The majority of its stores are in the Southeast, but the Borders deal would expand its reach in the Northeast. Simon Property Group announced that its Premium Outlets division will expand four of its Premium Outlet properties in California, Florida, Illinois and Washington. Construction on these expansions is scheduled to begin in 2012, and total 450,000 s/f of added space…Starbucks expects to open 100 US units this year, and 200 next year, as well as 600 new locations internationally in 2012, about 25% of which will be in China....Fresh & Easy Neighborhood Market, the US division of Tesco, plans to test a new smaller-format store concept, called Fresh & Easy Express, in San Pedro, CA. Fresh & Easy's new format will be approximately 4,000 s/f, compared with its typical 10,000 s/f size...Best Buy is expanding its Best Buy Express kiosk business to college campuses and the DisneyLand resort. It has opened 150 Express locations in the last 3 years and will add 100 more in the next year. The self-service kiosks are generally located in airports, train stations, casinos and rest stops...Sports Authority opened six new stores on Aug. 13 in Miami, Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Chicago and Milwaukee...Self-serve frozen yogurt franchise Menchie's opened its 100th store this month in Houston. The chain has opened nearly 40 stores already in 2011 and plans to open another 30 before the end of the year, aiming for 250 stores in the next 12 months across the United States and beyond…Gap opened two Athleta stores this month in Manhattan. The openings mark the women's active wear brand's entry into the East Coast market, and support Athleta's plan to open up to 50 stores by 2013...Kohl's is on track to open an additional 31 stores this year, as well as remodel another 15 stores. The company opened 9 and remodeled 85 stores in the first half of the year...Newk's Express Café has signed 35 agreements for new locations in 2011. 6 restaurants have opened so far this year and at least 14 more are expected to open soon, bringing the total number of Newk's locations to 50 by the end of the year.
Labels: Accelerating
Industry News: New England
Cheeseboy continued its Boston expansion with the opening of its 4th store, at the Prudential Center Mall. The chain plans to open more locations later this year. Boston-based Cheeseboy serves made-to-order grilled cheese sandwiches, tomato soup and macaroni and cheese, among other offerings. Cheeseboy is owned by Grilled Cheese to Go LLC, which has locations in Boston and Braintree, MA and Milford, CT. Teen retailer The Buckle Inc. will open its first Massachusetts store on the upper level of the at the Natick Mall mall after making its New England debut this month at Providence Place. The company, which operates 425 stores in 21 states, sells mid - to higher-priced clothing, footwear and accessories. The Merrimack (NH) Premium Outlets is under construction off Exit 10 of the F.E. Everett Turnpike. The landscape is cleared, and foundations and frames are in place for most of the seven buildings in the project's first phase. Developers expect to finish blasting next month, and plan to complete the first phase, to include 100 retail stores, by the middle of next year. Nordstrom will open CT's first Nordstrom Rack next spring in Farmington at the West Farm Shopping Center. The 35,000 s/f store will open in the space formerly occupied by Linens 'N Things. Nordstrom has 214 stores in 29 states, including 95 Nordstrom Rack stores, 116 Nordstrom full-line stores and a small number of affiliated stores...Arsenal Mall in Watertown welcomes Pretzel Twister, Chipotle, Reebok Factory Store, SE Asian Bistro, and Sprint to its mix of tenants. The new stores are scheduled to open this fall...FOCUS Brands, the franchisor and operator of more than 3,300 ice cream stores, bakeries, restaurants and cafes in 47 states and 42 countries, announced an aggressive plan for growth in the Boston market. Plans call for 30 Carvel and 10 Cinnabon locations over the next 2 years throughout Boston and surrounding markets...Wingstop has signed 36 development agreements that will result in 101 new store openings over the next several years. Wingstop has 485 locations open and 175 restaurants in various stages of development across the United States and Mexico.
Labels: New England
July Retail Sales Report
Other Financial Indicators for July
Commerce Department Monthly Sales
Retail sales rose 0.5% last month, the best showing since a 0.8% advance in March, the US Commerce Department reported. It revised sales higher in the previous two months. Consumers spent more on autos, furniture and gasoline.
Source: U.S. Department of Commerce - commerce.gov
Treasury Yield Curve
The Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index®, which had declined in June, improved slightly in July. The Index now stands at 59.5 (1985=100), up from 57.6 in June. The Present Situation Index decreased to 35.7 from 36.6. The Expectations Index rose to 75.4 from 71.6 last month.
Source: The Conference Board - www.conference-board.org
Purchasing Managers Index
Manufacturing continued its growth in July as the PMI registered 50.9 percent, a decrease of 4.4 percentage points when compared to June's reading of 55.3 percent. The PMI registered the lowest reading since July 2009, when it registered 49 percent. A reading above 50 percent indicates that the manufacturing economy is generally expanding; below 50 percent indicates that it is generally contracting.
Source: Institute for Supply Management - Manufacturing Report on Business - www.ism.ws
All material in KeyPoints is provided solely for your private information, and we are not soliciting or recommending any action based upon it. This material is based upon information that we consider to be reliable, but we do not represent that such information is accurate or complete, and it should not be relied upon as such. Opinions expressed herein are our current opinions as of the date appearing on this material only, and are subject to change without notice. Copyright KeyPoint Partners, LLC, 2011.
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