text:
Hitler's unintentional gift to Much Wenlock
Paddy Ryan arrived in Much Wenlockin 1963 by way of Wexford, Carlisle and Penkridge – and his family are now still very much part of the town.
Much Wenlock, and indeed its wider environs, have for the past 50 years been blessed with one of the best traditional family butcher's firms in Britain. In 2009, A Ryan and Son won the coveted BBC's Food and Farming Award for Best Local Retailer. It's not hard to locate this local landmark – just look for the queue of customers spilling out onto the pavement of the High Street, waiting to be served by the knowledgeable and cheerful staff.
Our story starts in County Wexford… but not for long. Young Anthony Ryan (always known as Paddy) left Ireland in 1938, having trained as a butcher and gained employment with the Pioneer Meat Company of England. They sent him first to their premises in Carlisle to become part of their meat-packing management team. However, before the young trainee had made much of a mark, Herr Hitler marched into Poland and Paddy got swept up into World War 2.
By the time he was demobbed five years later, Pioneer Meats no longer had a position for him. So Paddy shut his eyes, stuck a pin in a map of Britain, and found he was destined for Penkridge in Staffordshire, where he secured employment with the local butcher. He had by this time met and married a young lady named Iris and they later moved to Bridgnorth, and thereafter to Much Wenlock, arriving in 1963. Paddy had passed through the town in 1942 whilst stationed in Bath with the Army – and had in fact mentioned Wenlock in glowing terms in letters to Iris. The premises on the High Street was a hairdressing salon at the time; converting the building for butchery use revealed an ancient timber framed building with a Georgian façade.
Paddy and Iris had three children, Paddy Jnr, Jennifer and Henrietta, and the family settled down happily in Much Wenlock, finding the locals friendly… so much so that the second and third generation Ryans all live and work in the town today. Paddy Jnr joined the firm in 1968, working alongside his father and sisters, learning the trade in time-honoured fashion – starting at the bottom and working his way up, until he took the reins of the business in 1982 after his father died.
The business took a new turn following Paddy's marriage in 1983 to Sue, a home economics teacher at William Brookes School. Not only did they produce the next generation – Mike and Sam were born in 1984 and 1986 respectively – but Sue wanted to use her baking skills to bring a new dimension to the business and she started making Cornish pasties (yes – she's Cornish!). Their popularity led to Ryan's expanding her range, necessitating an extension doubling the size of the premises in 1988 to accommodate a bakery with three huge ovens. This space enables Sam and Sue to produce 48 varieties and sizes of pork, beef and game pies, plus lasagnes, quiches, sausage rolls – as well as cooking all their own meats. This is a labour of love: Work starts at 5.30am in the shop (except around Christmas when a 2.30am start is called for) and by 9am the team have usually baked at least 400 assorted pies and ready meals.
Paddy, and now Mike too, concentrate on the meat side of the business. They frequently visit the local farms from which they buy their pork, lamb and beef to check on conditions and select cattle for slaughter. As befits a traditional family butcher, Paddy prefers British cattle such as Herefords, Welsh Black, Aberdeen Angus and Devon Reds for the sheer quality of their meat, but it is becoming harder to source these breeds as many farmers are turning to the continental breeds, which grow larger and better suit the wider market. Apart from the quality of the breeds Paddy chooses, all his beef is hung for between two and three weeks, which allows the meat to mature and develop a depth of flavour.
Pork is Paddy's favourite meat: he enjoys exploring its endless 'manufacturing' possibilities. The Ryans make their own faggots, bacon and sausages, plus all the usual pork joints. They don't smoke their bacon but cure it, offering four varieties: my favourite is cured in salt and molasses, producing dark, sweet flavoured, bacon.
In Paddy senior's day, butchers tended to specialise, and his son talks of shops which sold just offal, black pudding, tripe and cows heels. Paddy couldn't offer me a cow's heel, but, emphasising his traditional family butcher roots, he can supply offal, black puddings and tripe: the latter he assures me is full of trace element minerals and is good baked in the oven with onions. Hmmm, well, someone seems to like it – he certainly sells plenty!
So, had it not been for Hitler and WW2, Paddy Ryan's of Wenlock would never have come into being. For that, as I tuck into my tasty Wenlock-made, very British sausages, I offer up some thanks.
– Jean de Rusett
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Modulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Vitamin E, or Vitamin A plus Vitamin C Treatment in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Author(s) Jinggang Yin1, Christina S. Winborn1, Fridtjof Thomas2, Quynh T. Tran2, John C. Lang3, Edward Chaum1,4
1 From the Departments of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA.
2 Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA.
3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, USA.
4 Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, USA.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the potential of vitamins to protect the retinal pig-ment epithelium (RPE) from oxidative stress (OS). We have previously shown that OS induces the expression of AP1 transcription factors (FOSB, CFOS and ATF3), but is modulated by pretreatment with vitamin C (200 μM). We propose that OS-induced AP1 expression can be used as a biomarker of OS to test the efficacy of vitamins to limit the impact of OS in the RPE. Here we examined the efficacy of vitamin E or combined vitamin A plus vitamin C to modulate OS-induced AP1 expression in the RPE. We pretreated human ARPE-19 cells with vitamin E (0 - 7.5 μM) or with combined vitamin A (10 or 15 μM) plus vitamin C (50 or 100 μM) for 3 days prior to exposure to 500 μM H2O2 OS for 1 - 4 h. AP1 expression was assessed using qRT-PCR. Pretreatment with ≥2.5 μM vitamin E significantly decreased OS-induced AP1 expression at 1 - 4 h OS, compared to controls. Lower doses of vitamin E were ineffective at modulating OS responses. Pretreatment with 100 μM vitamin C combined with 15 μM vitamin A protected RPE cells from OS-induced AP1 expression. There is an additive and potentially protective effect of 100 μM vitamin C and 15 μM vitamin A on FOSB expression at 4 h, and a potentially protective effect of 100 μM vitamin C and 15 μM vitamin A on CFOS expression at 1 h OS. A protective effect was also seen with 15 μM vitamin A pretreatment alone on ATF3 expression. Thus, "sub-therapeutic" levels of multiple vitamins may protect RPE cells better than higher doses of a single vitamin. This OS-induced AP1 expression biomarker assay may be useful to identify complex antioxidant formulations as therapeutics for degenerative diseases that are thought to be caused by OS, like age-related macular degeneration.
Vitamin Supplementation, AP1 Transcription Factors, Oxidative Stress, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Yin, J. , Winborn, C. , Thomas, F. , Tran, Q. , Lang, J. and Chaum, E. (2015) Modulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Vitamin E, or Vitamin A plus Vitamin C Treatment in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Natural Science, 7, 558-570. doi: 10.4236/ns.2015.712056.
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[77] Niture, S.K., Khatri, R. and Jaiswal, A.K. (2013) Regulation of Nrf2—An Update. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 66, 36-44.
[78] Maziere, C., Conte, M.A., Degonville, J., Ali, D. and Maziere, J.C. (1999) Cellular Enrichment with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Induces an Oxidative Stress And activates the Transcription Factors AP1 and NFkappaB. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 265, 116-122.
[79] Catani, M.V., Rossi, A., Costanzo, A., Sabatini, S., Levrero, M., Melino, G. and Avigliano, L. (2001) Induction of Gene Expression via Activator Protein-1 in the Ascorbate Protection against UV-Induced Damage. Biochemical Journal, 356, 77-85.
[80] Hoshikawa, Y., Kanki, K., Ashla, A.A., Arakaki, Y., Azumi, J., Yasui, T., Tezuka, Y., Matsumi, Y., Tsuchiya, H., Kurimasa, A., Hisatome, I., Hirano, T., Fujimoto, J., Kagechika, H., Shomori, K., Ito, H. and Shiota, G. (2011) c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Activation by Oxidative Stress Suppresses Retinoid Signaling through Proteasomal Degradation of Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha Protein in Hepatic Cells. Cancer Science, 102, 934-941.
[81] Mehta, K. (2003) Retinoids as Regulators of Gene Transcription. Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents, 17, 1-12.
[82] Rohrdanz, E. and Kahl, R. (1998) Alterations of Antioxidant Enzyme Expression in Response to Hydrogen Peroxide. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 24, 27-38.
[83] Tate Jr., D.J., Miceli, M.V. and Newsome, D.A. (1995) Phagocytosis and H2O2 Induce Catalase and Metallothionein Gene Expression in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 36, 1271- 1279.
[84] Palczewski, K. (2010) Retinoids for Treatment of Retinal Diseases. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 31, 284-295.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2010.03.001
[85] Sharoni, Y., Danilenko, M., Dubi, N., Ben-Dor, A. and Levy, J. (2004) Carotenoids and Transcription. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 430, 89-96.
[86] DiSepio, D., Sutter, M., Johnson, A.T., Chandraratna, R.A. and Nagpal, S. (1999) Identification of the AP1-Antagon- ism Domain of Retinoic Acid Receptors. Molecular Cell Biology Research Communications, 1, 7-13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mcbr.1999.0101
[87] Schule, R., Rangarajan, P., Yang, N., Kliewer, S., Ransone, L.J., Bolado, J., Verma, I.M. and Evans, R.M. (1991) Retinoic Acid Is a Negative Regulator of AP-1-Responsive Genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88, 6092-6096.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.14.6092
[88] Zhou, X.F., Shen, X.Q. and Shemshedini, L. (1999) Ligand-Activated Retinoic Acid Receptor Inhibits AP-1 Transactivation by Disrupting c-Jun/c-Fos Dimerization. Molecular Endocrinology, 13, 276-285.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/mend.13.2.0237
[89] Du, Y.H., Hirooka, K., Miyamoto, O., Bao, Y.Q., Zhang, B, An, J.B. and Ma, J.X. (2013) Retinoic Acid Suppresses the Adhesion and Migration of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Experimental Eye Research, 109, 22-30.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.006
[90] Dutta, A., Sen, T. and Chatterjee, A. (2010) All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) Downregulates MMP-9 by Modulating Its Regulatory Molecules. Cell Adhesion & Migration, 4, 409-418.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cam.4.3.11682
[91] Diaz, B.V., Lenoir, M.C., Ladoux, A., Frelin, C., Demarchez, M. and Michel, S. (2000) Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Human Keratinocytes by Retinoids. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275, 642-650.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.1.642
[92] Perusek, L. and Maeda, T. (2013) Vitamin A Derivatives as Treatment Options for Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Nutrients, 5, 2646-2666.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu5072646
[93] Harrison, E.H. (2012) Mechanisms Involved in the Intestinal Absorption of Dietary Vitamin A and Provitamin A Carotenoids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1821, 70-77.
[94] von Lintig, J. (2012) Provitamin A Metabolism and Functions in Mammalian Biology. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96, 1234S-1244S.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.034629

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Office Hours: Monday-Thursday from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Church Location & Address: 3080 Highway 81 S, Loganville, GA 30052 The church office is located in the trailer across the parking lot from Building 100.
Take Highway 78 East towards Athens. Turn right onto Highway 81 towards Covington. The church will be 1.7 miles on your right.
Take 138 towards Conyers. Turn right onto Highway 81. Go 4.1 miles and the church is on your left.
Take 138 towards Monroe. Turn left on Highway 81. Go 4.1 miles and the church is on your left.
In the case of death or emergency (after office hours) please email carol@thesummitchurch.com.


Participants also need to complete the Azul Trilogy – a series of three 6-day retreats designed to provide trainees with the necessary foundational work required to become an Azul teacher. The Trilogy is offered quarterly in different locations in North America, Europe and Australia. All the Trilogy and Training modules are led by Amara Pagano .
Upon completion of Module One, Apprentices are able to hold Azul movement classes with minimal guidance. They also have free access to the Azul Apprentices Mentoring Program and receive Amara's guidance via group teleconference and individual calls for a 6-month period.
Upon completion of Module Two and the Azul Trilogy that is pre-requisite for certification, trainees receive Azul Teacher Certification and are able to teach Azul movement classes. They also have free access to the Azul Teachers Mentoring Program, designed to support their teaching practice, for an additional 6 month period.


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ESPN Forecasts MEAC vs. SWAC Opening Round Game
A year after pulling of a huge NCAA Tournament upset, Norfolk State may be heading for a low NCAA seed. (AP Photo)
Neither of the two Division I HBCU conferences are strangers to the NCAA Tournament's Opening Round games. SWAC teams have participated in these games seven times since their introduction in 2001. The MEAC has had its' conference tournament champion play in the game five times. The two conferences are a combined 2-10.
If ESPN's Joe Lunardi's current Bracketology holds true, that win-loss total will increase by one on each side. As of Jan. 22, Lunardi has Norfolk State and Southern facing off in a matchup to decide who will meet a hypothetically no. 1 seeded Michigan squad in the Midwest Division.
Both teams currently sit atop their conference's standings. Norfolk State's win over Morgan State last night nudged its record over .500. If Lunardi's bracketology holds true, the Spartans (11-10) would have to face the daunting task of winning an opening round game and then pulling off an even bigger upset than it did against Missouri last year.
Southern's 82-68 win over Alabama A&M on Monday was its tenth straight. At 14-6, the Jaguars are the only SWAC team over .500.
Only two teams forced to play opening-round games since 2001 have advanced past the next round. Last year South Florida defeated Temple but fell to Ohio in the second round. Virginia Commonwealth is the ultimate opening round success story, advancing all the way to the 2011 Final Four.
The NCAA has been criticized in the past for handicapping HBCU squads by unfairly putting them in a position to fail. A look at the RPI by conference shows that the SWAC has the third lowest RPI, while the MEAC is currently 28th out of 33 conferences.
With three SWAC teams featuring less than three wins more than two-thirds through the basketball season, it's hard to argue against the its tournament winner being placed in an opening round game.
The same goes for the MEAC if anyone else wins the conference tournament other than Norfolk State. The Spartans proved last season they weren't afraid of the big stage. If they can come up with 20-plus wins and still end up playing in the opening round game, they have a legitimate gripe.
Related Items:MEAC, Norfolk State, Southern University
Norfolk State latest to opt-out of spring football


Slayanna Mormont, the Lady of Bear Island, was feeling a little bored with her day-to-day life, and she ached for adventure. She left her lands to try and discover new realms and new challenges. Through her travels, Slayanna discovered the land of TXRD, where the women were fierce, tough, and determined, and this Lady of Bear Island decided that this was the place for her. In TXRD, Slayanna learned that she could revel in her fighting ways but also embrace her Mama Bear tendencies by thriving in an empowering community. Thus, Slayanna Mormont will remain in TXRD-land for all time.


For many Australians living in rural and remote areas, a lack of access to primary health care services represents a major barrier to their full and effective contribution to their community's prosperity. This lack of access is evidenced by data indicating fewer numbers of General Practitioners, nurses and allied health professionals on a per capita basis.
This lack of access to primary health care is evidenced in a number of different ways.
Through higher rates of morbidity and mortality than their urban counterparts. The latest evidence from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare suggests that death rates can be 10–70% higher than in the major cities.
Through higher rates of hospitalisation for ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions.
Through fewer numbers of GPs, nursing and allied health professionals compared with their urban counterparts.
Through higher out-of-pocket expenses for individuals travelling to health services.
Through lost productivity and foregone earnings as individuals have to travel further to receive some treatments.
a flow-on effect throughout the communities to other sectors.
There is therefore not just a social justice argument to be made concerning access to services but also an economic argument. Higher rates of hospitalisation are extremely costly when compared with primary health care interventions. Furthermore, research has shown that early intervention and prevention in the areas of mental health can raise labour force participation rates by 17–26%. Interventions in other areas could also be expected to improve labour participation rates to some degree.
Although the number of GPs practising in rural and remote areas has grown over the past 5 years, the rise has not been sufficient to address the much lower GP-to-population ratios in small rural and remote communities. In addition, these increased numbers have been a consequence of the policy directing International Medical Graduates (IMGs) to rural and remote areas through provider number restrictions. Despite a recent increase in domestic medical student numbers, Australia will remain reliant upon IMGs for at least the foreseeable future.
Courtesy Rural Health Workforce Australia. Excerpt reproduced with permission.
Throughout Australia volunteers are the bedrock of the social fabric, and this is more evident in the non-metropolitan areas than anywhere else. As in the cities, rural areas are dependent on volunteers to provide services in health and welfare, arts and culture, sport and recreation, conservation and a host of other services. Volunteering clearly contributes to the health and cohesion of society and is a strong indicator of social capital.
For rural Australia to survive and thrive, efforts must be made to support and sustain this voluntary activity as its very life blood. This means that the volunteer infrastructure in rural areas must be strengthened to ensure that its services provide the essential training and development components that are necessary for the maintenance and growth of the volunteer sector. The pattern of rural settlement is such that this infrastructure needs to be decentralised in order to provide effective and efficient service. Realistically, these services need to be embedded into existing infrastructure and into new and developing forms just as the volunteer ethic is embedded in rural society.
A well-trained and skilled volunteer force ensures the free flow of skills and knowledge through society. As a locus of intergenerational and social contact it ensures flow of skills and knowledge between generations and social classes as well as providing vital networks for effective social access and integration. The inter-generational skills transfer that volunteering offers has the capacity to be a workforce strategy and worthy of investigation and programmatic response. The early indicators of so-called "grey nomads" contributing in this way to rural communities forecasts what is possible.
Courtesy Volunteering SA & NT Inc. Excerpt reproduced with permission.
When looking at the future of health services provided to those living in rural and remote Australia, it is tempting to simply to say: "Allocate 30% of the health budget to the 30% of Australians who live in these areas and everything will be all right". To some extent this is probably true. Current levels of health funding are skewed in favour of metropolitan areas, and rectifying this inequitable situation would go a long way to solving many of the problems faced by those requiring health services in the bush. However, experience has shown that simply "throwing money" at a problem is unlikely to provide a satisfactory long-term solution.
Health Consumers of Rural and Remote Australia maintains that health consumers must be an integral part of future decision-making and that lasting solutions are more likely to come from a "ground up" rather than "top down" approach. Those living in rural and remote areas are realists. They do not expect the same level of convenient access to health services as those living in the cities. What they do expect, and are entitled to, is access to a health care system that does not ignore or discriminate against them because of where they live.
We can all empathise with the deplorable state of indigenous health in this country; the difficulties faced by seriously ill people in the bush trying to arrange transport to medical care; the growing problems associated depression and anxiety disorders in our farming communities; and the lack of trained health professionals available to treat patients in rural and remote areas. As Australians, living as we do in such an affluent country, we should not be content to let problems continue to fester away simply because those affected do not have a loud enough voice to be heard over the many others clamouring for government assistance.
Health consumers know what they need. We just need to listen to them.
Courtesy Health Consumers of Rural and Remote Australia. Excerpt reproduced with permission.
People living in rural and remote areas of Australia have poorer health than their urban counterparts. They also have lower levels of access to GPs and other primary health care services. This lack of access impacts upon the whole Australian community through higher rural and remote rates of admission to hospital for ambulatory-care-sensitive conditions and through foregone earnings and the impact upon productivity.
Given the worldwide trend towards an overall shortage of qualified medical practitioners and nurses, the way in which health care is delivered is being increasingly debated. The future for primary health care will encompass teamwork and multidisciplinary approaches as well as the adoption of "new" professional roles such as nurse practitioners, physician assistants and allied health assistants, with enhanced scope of practice to deliver the most effective care to achieve best health outcomes.
Despite this growing trend, many rural and remote practices still consist of solo practitioners working long hours, including arduous on-call arrangements. This model of practice makes the health care needs of a population extremely vulnerable to sudden changes, such as retirement, death or illness of the practitioner.
We know this mode of practice is antithetical to the expressed wishes of more recent graduates and those GPs who are looking to change their working patterns. Attention needs to be paid to how these opposing trends can be reconciled. This will involve attention to models of practice ownership as well as service mix.
The 17-year gap in indigenous life expectancy means that many indigenous people require greater access to services than the non-indigenous population. However, many indigenous people also live in remote communities and are experiencing the poorest levels of access to services because of a serious shortage of health personnel in Aboriginal Medical Services.
In Australia, access to such Medicare-funded services in remote indigenous communities is disproportionately lower than in urban environments. Urban populations have a higher per capita and per patient consumption of both the Medical Benefits Schedule and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme than rural populations.
Because indigenous Australians die on average 17 years earlier than the general population, they require much higher levels of access to care within their own communities. Furthermore, the current failure of mainstream health programs to address these very serious health problems indicates that indigenous Australians must have access to health services that are also culturally appropriate.
Indigenous communities need to be provided with specific programs to support their health services and their health professionals. This is integral to ensure that indigenous communities are the focus of the highest level health service interventions.
Much of this poorer health relates to chronic diseases that are amenable to prevention and early intervention strategies. GPs alone cannot address this problem, even if there were not such a chronic shortage of doctors working in Aboriginal Medical Services.
appropriate remuneration packages for all workers in Aboriginal Medical Services.
Addressing the 17-year gap in life expectancy will therefore require a concerted multi-faceted approach that is consistent with expressed community needs.
*Submissions will be reviewed as part of the government's final response to summit recommendations. Visit www.australia2020.gov.au for more information.


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Jan 14 2020 admin News map, usa, Wa
#Wa usa map & #Video
#Wa #usa #map
Wa usa map
___ Reference Maps of the State of Washington (WA)
About Washington
Where in the United States is Washington state? Location map of the State of Washington in the US.
The State of Washington is the northwestern-most state in US mainland. It is bordered in north by Canada (province of British Columbia) for the most part along the 49th parallel north, by Idaho in east, and the Pacific Ocean in west.
The Columbia River defines a long section of the state line with Oregon in south. Washington state consists of 39 counties. The United States acquired the area of Washington through a treaty with Great Britain in 1846.
Washington Territory was organized from part of Oregon Territory on 2nd March 1853; it included all of present-day Washington, northern Idaho, and northwestern Montana.
Some Geography
Topographic Map of Washington with prominent Cascade Range in center (click map to enlarge)
The State of Washington covers an area of 184,661 km² (71,298 sq mi) [1] , making it slightly larger than half the size of Germany, or slightly smaller than half the size of Japan.
Washington state has several distinct geographical regions: there is the serrated Pacific coastline with the Strait of Juan de Fuca, the Salish Sea's outlet to the Pacific Ocean, several other bays and straits, like the Strait of Georgia, the Bellingham Bay, the Admiralty Inlet, and the Samish Bay, the Puget Sound along the northwestern coast of the state, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, within the sound are fifty plus islands, the largest are Whidbey, Orcas, San Juan, Fidalgo, and Camano.
Cool, Chocolate, North Guardian and Dusty Glaciers (left to right) on the east slopes of Glacier Peak (Dakobed), the stratovolcano in Washington State.
Image: Walter Siegmund
The Cascade Mountain Range divides the state into two parts – in the more hilly to mountainous Western Washington and Eastern Washington with the semiarid basalt plain of the Columbia Plateau.
Within the range are five major volcanoes, from north to south: Mount Baker, an active glaciated stratovolcano at 3,286 m (10,781 ft), Glacier Peak (Dakobed), one of the most active volcano in the state with an elevation of 3,207 m (10,525 ft), dangerous Mount Rainier, the huge active stratovolcano is the highest mountain in the state at an elevation of 4,392 m (14,411 ft). Mount St. Helens, known for its major 1980 eruption, declared the most disastrous volcanic eruption in United States history. Mount Adams, a potentially active stratovolcano has not erupted in more than 1,000 years. The Wenatchee Mountains in the center of the state are a major subrange of the Cascade Range.
Bainbridge Island Ferry on Puget Sound with Olympic Mountain Range in background. Washington has the largest ferry system in the United States with 20 terminals located around Puget Sound and in the San Juan Islands.
Image: Tiffany Von Arnim
Major rivers in Washington State are the Columbia River, the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region; Yakima River, also a tributary of the Columbia River; Skagit River, a river in northwestern Washington, it empties into the Puget Sound; Spokane River, a tributary of the Columbia River;
the Snake River, largest tributary of the Columbia River (most of it in Idaho and Oregon); Okanagan River, another tributary of the Columbia River;
Grande Ronde River, a tributary of the Snake River, its mouth is in Washington, Kettle River, a Columbia River tributary, its mouth is in northeastern Washington; Palouse River, a tributary of the Snake River; Crab Creek, a stream in the Columbia Basin; Pend Oreille River, a tributary of the Columbia River.
View of Lake Crescent in Olympic National Park, seen from Pyramid Peak.
Image: Elwhajeff
The largest lakes in Washington state: Roosevelt Lake (Lake Roosevelt), a reservoir behind Grand Coulee Dam at the Columbia River is the largest lake in Washington state by area; Lake Chelan, the narrow fjord like lake is 50 mi (80 km) long, it is the largest natural lake in the state and a popular tourist destination; Lake Washington, a large freshwater lake near Seattle.
Potholes Reservoir, part of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project, fed by water from Moses Lake, a lake and reservoir along the course of Crab Creek; Banks Lake, a 45 km (28 mi) long reservoir, also part of the Columbia Basin Irrigation Project; Ross Lake, a large reservoir in the North Cascade mountains; Ozette Lake, is largest unaltered natural lake in Washington state. Lake Crescent, a deep lake located within Olympic National Park.
Olympic National Park on the Olympic Peninsula offers the longest undeveloped wilderness coastline in the contiguous United States.
To the east of the coast rise the Olympic Mountains, part of the Pacific Coast Ranges, glacier-clad, steep-sided peaks within a vast intact old growth forest, interspersed with alpine meadows.
Eleven major rivers radiate outwards to all sides from the mountain range and drain the Olympics. Highest peak is Mount Olympus at 2,432 m (7,980 ft).
UNESCO designated the Olympic National Park as an International Biosphere Reserve in 1976, and in 1981 as a World Heritage Site.
Rendered image of the Washington State Capitol building in Olympia, the state's capital city. The Legislative Building houses the government of Washington State.
Image: Google
Washington state has a population of 7.4 million people (2018 est.) [2] ; capital city is Olympia, largest city is Seattle, largest metropolitan area is Metro Seattle (pop. 3.8 million in 2017). Other major cities are Spokane, Tacoma, Vancouver (WA), Bellevue, Kent, and Everett.
By far the largest airport in the state is Seattle–Tacoma International Airport (IATA code: SEA), other major airports are Spokane International Airport (Geiger Field; IATA code: GEG), Bellingham International Airport (IATA code: BLI), and Tri-Cities Airport in Pasco (IATA code: PSC).
Cities and Towns in Washington
The map shows the location of following cities and towns in Washington: Capital city: Olympia (48,000)
Downtown Seattle, largest city in Washington State, Bainbridge Island ferry in foreground.
Image: Jamies
Largest cities in Washington state with a population of more than 100,000: Seattle, (652,000), Spokane (211,000), Tacoma (203,000), Vancouver (167,000), Bellevue (134,000), Kent (in the Seattle–Tacoma metroplex; 124,000), Everett (105,000) Population figures est. 2013
Other cities and towns in Washington: Aberdeen, Anacortes, Battle Ground, Bellingham, Blaine, Bremerton, Camas, Centralia, Chehalis, Chelan, Cheney, Clarkston, Colfax, Colville, Coulee City, Dayton, Ellensburg, Enumclaw, Ephrata, Federal Way, Forks, Goldendale, Grand Coulee, Hoquiam, Kelso, Kennewick, Lacey, Lakewood, Longview, Lynnwood, Marysville, Morton, Moses Lake, Mount Vernon, Newport, Oak Harbor, Omak, Oroville, Othello, PascoIlwaco, Port Angeles, Pullman, Puyallup, Quincy, Raymond, Redmond, Renton, Republic, Richland, Ritzville, Seattle, South Bend, Spokane Valley, Toppenish, Walla Walla, Wenatchee, Wilbur, Winthrop, and Yakima.
The detailed map is showing the US state of State of Washington with boundaries, the location of the state capital Olympia, major cities and populated places, streams and lakes, interstate highways, principal highways, and railroads.
You are free to use this map for educational purposes (fair use), please refer to the Nations Online Project.
SOURCE: http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/USA/washington_map.htm
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© 2020, All Rights Reserved, CAR


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San Jose Counseling
About Dr. Randi
by San Jose Counseling Therapist | Apr 9, 2017 | Anxiety Treatment, Counseling, Depression, Psychotherapy, Therapy
There's a huge debate among mental health professional as to whether grief can actually ever be overcome. Those who argue that it cannot claim that the best that we can hope for when processing grief is that it be managed. Either way, there are things that a grieving...
Types of Psychotherapy
by San Jose Counseling Therapist | Feb 7, 2017 | Anxiety Treatment, Depression, Eating Disorders, Psychotherapy
A psychotherapist's approach to therapy is as unique as they are. Most professional therapists are educated in a number of approaches. This psychotherapeutic orientation combines with the therapist's personality and a style eventually develops. There are a number of...
Genograms in Family Therapy
by San Jose Counseling Therapist | Dec 20, 2016 | Depression, Family Therapy, Marriage Counseling, Psychotherapy, Relationship Counseling, Relationships, Therapy
A genogram, sometimes called a family map, is a pictorial display of a patient's family relationships and medical history. It goes beyond a traditional family tree by allowing the user to visualize hereditary patterns and psychological factors that punctuate...
Anxiety Treatment and Medication
by San Jose Counseling Therapist | Nov 12, 2016 | Alternative Treatment, Anxiety Treatment, Depression, Eating Disorders, Medication, Psychotherapy
When you're overcome by heart-stopping panic, overwhelmed by fear, or tired from numerous sleepless nights spent worrying, you may be tempted do just about anything to get relief. While there is no question that anxiety can be disabling, is medication the best...
by San Jose Counseling Therapist | Sep 11, 2016 | Child Development, Psychotherapy
A life cycle describes the different stages that a living organism goes through during its lifetime. The duration and number of life stages differ from specie to specie. German-born American psychologist Erik Erikson developed an elaborate theory of human development...
Psychotherapy and Group Therapy for Smoking Cessation
by San Jose Counseling Therapist | Jun 30, 2016 | Addiction, Psychotherapy
The United States Public Health Service published updated smoking-cessation guidelines for doctors. Their reports have consistently identified psychotherapeutic counseling and behavioral therapies as proven effective components of a smoking-cessation program. Other...
San Jose Counseling and Psychotherapy
1174 Lincoln Ave #6
About Dr. Fredricks
Blogs by Dr. Fredricks
Film Recommendations
San Jose Counseling and Psychotherapy Serves the Greater San Francisco Bay Area and the Silicon Valley, Including San Jose, Saratoga, Santa Clara, Campbell, Cupertino, Sunnyvale, Los Gatos, Los Altos, Milpitas, Morgan Hill, Gilroy, and Surrounding Areas.
© 2020 Dr. Randi Fredricks, Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, MFC 47803. All Rights Reserved.


Life Science Partner announces the recruitment of Dr. Ricardo Mesa-Tejada, a recognized leader in the field of anatomic pathology to become vice president, pathology, Aureon Biosciences Corporation. Aureon is a Yonkers, New York-based company enabling personalized patient care utilizing a systems pathology approach to develop predictive clinical tests for cancer care as well as to enable biopharmaceutical research and development.
Dr. Mesa-Tejada will lead the team of specialized anatomical pathologists interrogating and analyzing tissue to provide the first comprehensive and fully integrated view of the progression of cancer by studying multiple molecular pathways of disease as well as micro-anatomic imaging. By utilizing state-of-the-art informatics, Dr. Mesa-Tejada will be able to provide referring physicians some of the first predictive tests for cancer by integrating molecular pathology and clinical informatics.
Dr. Mesa-Tejada is uniquely qualified due to his significant research and clinical service as a pathologist at New York's Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. A pioneer in integrating technologies for better patient care, he established the immunocytochemistry laboratory at MetPath in 1987, and remained as either an employee or consultant through its acquisition and integration into Quest Diagnostics. He remained as director of research in anatomic pathology at the company until 1997. Until he joined Aureon, he was a consultant to Thieme, an investment banking firm focused on the life sciences.
Dr. Mesa-Tejada received his MD from University of Madrid, completed his residency in Pathology at Columbia-Presbyterian, and was a fellow in OB/GYN Pathology in 1976.


Naturally aspirated and turbocharged gasoline in passenger cars.
Gas-fuelled (natural gas and LPG) spark ignition engines where WAFA API SF/ CD performance level is recommended.
Four-stroke gasoline engines in portable power equipment where the engine manufacturer recommends SF/ CD API requirement.


32 LITERS OF TOUGH, WATERPROOF CAPACITY The most ambitious of our waterproof pack line, the Dry Payload Pack hauls 32 liters of gear when you're hiking, pedaling, or paddling—or even backcountry skIIng, utilizing vertical ski carry straps. The rolltop closure and TPU lamination keep your stuff dry, and multiple compression options keep the load under control.
COMPRESSIBLE, PACKABLE, WATERPROOF DAY PACK Stuff it in your 60-liter pack for side hikes or summit trips. The 28-liter capacity is big enough for day hiking and can cinch down to manage smaller loads. This waterproof pack features a hipbelt that can help with supporting weight or be clipped to the to the rolltop closure to compress the pack and contents.
STREAMLINED, MINIMALIST, WATERPROOF A minimalist, waterproof alpine pack, the Dry Summit Pack LT weighs in at 11.3 ounces—with a carrying capacity of 25 liters. Polyurethane coated nylon and a rolltop closure keep your stuff dry as you race down from the summit or hustle down the trail back to the car during a surprise (or just surprisingly intense) rainshower.
A WATERPROOF SUMMIT SACK THAT FITS IN YOUR PALM This waterproof ultra-lightweight 18-liter pack comes with its own stuff sack, and when it's stowed, it's smaller than a can of beer (or a small coffee, if that's more your thing). Carry it for side trips from base camp, or keep it inside your overnight pack to keep your camera dry during a downpour.
CARRIES ALL THE ESSENTIALS FOR DAYS ABOVE TREELINE Building on the ultralight utility of our Isolation Pack LT, the Isolation Pack HD adds exterior water bottle pockets, a hipbelt, and a zippered lid, making it a more featured day hiking pack and boosting its capacity to 19 liters—ideal for a couple of layers, food, and water on a 14er hike, or a laptop and lunch for a bike commute across town. And it's still small and light enough to take along in an overnight pack to use for day excursions from base camp.
SIMPLE AND LIGHTWEIGHT FOR ESSENTIAL STORAGE The Isolation Pack is perfect for peak-bagging side trips from base camp, but is equally useful as a gym bag or around-town backpack. The zippered internal pocket secures items, and the foam back panel provides support, but can also be removed when weight and size are crucial.
This ultralight and waterproof day pack has all the features needed for a fast and light summit push.
This ultralight and waterproof day pack has all the features needed for a fast and light summit push. An inflatable back panel provides support and gives the pack structure. Radio frequency welded seams and reinforced fabric on the bottom and pocket area provides maximum strength and waterproofness. A mesh pocket accommodates a hydration bladder, stretch cording and gear loops secure crampons and ice tools, and compression straps cinch down your load. Breathable mesh shoulder straps offer a comfortable fit for alpine climbing and peak bagging.
This ultralight, weatherproof bag protects gear as you maneuver to the summit.
This ultralight, weatherproof bag protects gear as you maneuver to the summit. This bag is built for comfort with supportive Spacermesh shoulder straps, keeps your gear dry with a roll-top closure, and comes with clever and low-profile accessory attachments for crucial alpine gear.
Designed to keep your electronic gadgets safe and dry in the boat or on the trail in wet weather, the Sensor Dry Pocket™ protects touch-screen devices from the elements while still allowing for their use through its clear, waterproof, touch-sensitive window.
OUR LIGHTEST COMPRESSION SACK This ultralight compression sack reduces sleeping bags and other stuffables to a pack-friendly size. The siliconized fabric resists moisture and slides into your pack with ease. A pocket in the end cap keeps track of small items or can be used for self storage.
In addition to providing waterproof protection, the lightweight AirPurge Dry Compression Sack™ features an air-permeable fabric band that purges excess air from the sack during compression. Fully taped seams and a roll-top closure ensure a complete seal from the elements.
If you're looking to equip yourself with lightweight storage sacks for all manner of adventures, the Ultralight Down Backpackers Kit™ gives you three storage options in one convenient package.
If you're looking to equip yourself with lightweight storage sacks for all manner of adventures, the Ultralight Synthetic Backpackers Kit™ gives you three storage options in one convenient package.
Made of a tough Antron nylon with a durable, waterproof Hydroseal® coating, this dry sack provides reliable waterproof performance.
Made of a tough Antron nylon with a durable, waterproof Hydroseal® coating, this dry sack provides reliable waterproof performance. Taped seams and a roll-top closure ensure complete protection, and the external daisy chain and webbing handle simplify carrying.
Head out into uncertain weather with confidence. A waterproof roll-top closure matched with fully taped seams ensure this transparent, ultralight dry sack shrugs off rough weather without weighing you down.
WATER-RESISTANT STORAGE FOR SMALL NECESSITIES Zipper access on these sacks makes it easy to grab a fresh pair of socks or a warm hat without unloading your entire pack in the middle of the trail.
Hit the soggy trail and paddle around lush islands. These lightweight nylon bags with waterproof roll-top closures keep essentials organized and dry for the long haul.
The Ultralight Ditty Sacks™ provide useful storage for items like granola bars, chocolate and sunscreen, and also prevent them from becoming one big mess inside your pack. The lightweight fabric resists moisture and easily withstands seasons of abuse.
Keep the contents of your pack organized with these light, breathable Mesh Ditty Sacks. The sturdy mesh allows you to easily see the contents of the bag from the outside.
The Backcountry Organizers have a multitude of pockets and compartments designed to hold small items. They're the perfect place to start if you're building a DIY dopp kit or first aid kit.
The Ultralight Dry Sacks keep your gear organized and protected within your pack or travel luggage. They are available in five different volume sizes and are rectangular shaped for efficient packing.
The StraightJacket™ Compression Sacks keeps your gear compressed and organized within in your pack or travel luggage. They are available in four different volume sizes and rectangular shaped for efficient packing.
Lightweight, waterproof stuffsac that lets air out and keeps contents dry.
Ultralite, waterproof nylon stuffsac with roll top closure.
/ waterproof nylon stuffsac with roll top closure. Ideal for organising and protecting your outdoor kit in wet environments when the grams count.
Durable, waterproof nylon stuffsac with roll top closure. Ideal for organising and protecting your outdoor kit in wet environments.
/ waterproof stuffsac that lets air out and keeps contents dry.
Waterproof rucksac liner. Keeps your essential clothing and equipment dry.
Ultralite waterproof rucksack liner. To keep your essential clothing and equipment dry in the toughest conditions.
Safely stow away your pack in transit in our large baggage handler.
/Safely stow away your pack in transit.
3LT (17 x 11cm) x 28cm/ (7" x 4") x 11" 42gms/ 1.5oz 3LT/ 183 cu in 定價NT$630特價NT$567.
5LT (17 x 11cm) x 39cm/ (7" x 4") x 15" 48gms/ 1.7oz 5LT/ 305 cu in 定價NT$680特價NT$612.
8LT (21 x 13cm) x 44cm/ (8" x 5") x 17" 58gms/ 2oz 8LT/ 488 cu in 定價NT$730特價NT$657.
13LT (23 x 15cm) x 51cm/ (9" x 6") x 20" 69gms/ 2.4oz 13LT/ 793 cu in 定價NT$880特價NT$792.
20LT (27 x 17cm) x 60cm/ (11" x 7") x 24" 86gms/ 3oz 20LT/ 1220 cu in 定價NT$1080特價NT$972.
Ultra-Sil™ Dry Sack - 1 Litre 16cm(flat)x 25cm / 6" x 9" 0.7 oz /20g 定價NT$380特價NT$304.
Ultra-Sil™ Dry Sack - 2 Litre 20cm(flat)x 32cm / 8" x 12" 0.8 oz/23g 定價NT$450特價NT$360.
Ultra-Sil™ Dry Sack - 4 Litre 24cm(flat)x 38cm / 9" x 15" 0.9oz/26g 定價NT$490特價NT$392.
Ultra-Sil™ Dry Sack - 8 Litre 17cm(dia)x 46cm / 6.5" x 18" 1.1oz/30g 定價NT$610特價NT$488.
Ultra-Sil™ Dry Sack - 13 Litre 22cm(dia)x 53cm / 8.5" x 21" 1.4oz/40g 定價NT$690特價NT$552.
Ultra-Sil™ Dry Sack - 20 Litre 25cm(dia)x 61cm / 10" x 24" 1.8 oz/50g 定價NT$800特價NT$640.
Ultra-Sil™ Dry Sack - 35 Litre 30cm(dia)x 70cm / 12" x 27" 2.3oz/65g 定價NT$1160特價NT$928.
Cheap (and light) insurance for your dry gear! At less than 100 grams for a 70 litre pack you'll be glad you've thrown in an Ultra-Sil pack liner when the heavens open up.
Small 50 L 49cm / 19in 16cm / 6in 79cm / 31in 74g / 2.6 oz 定價NT$1280特價NT$1150.
Medium 70 L 51cm / 20in 20cm / 8 in 90cm / 35in 98g / 3.4 oz 定價NT$1480特價NT$1330.
Large 90 L 55cm / 22in 25cm / 10in 122cm / 48in 126g / 4.4 oz 定價NT$1680特價NT$1510.
Dry Sack - 1 Litre 16cm(flat) x 25cm / 6" x 9" 30g / 1.0 oz 定價NT$380特價NT$304.
Dry Sack - 2 Litre 20cm(flat) x 32cm / 8" x 12" 40g / 1.4 oz 定價NT$420特價NT$336.
Dry Sack - 4 Litre 24cm(flat) x 38cm / 9" x 15" 50g / 1.7 oz 定價NT$460特價NT$368.
Dry Sack - 8 Litre 17cm(dia) x 46cm / 6.5" x 18" 95g / 3.3 oz 定價NT$570特價NT$456.
Dry Sack - 13 Litre 22cm(dia) x 53cm / 8.5" x 21" 105g / 3.7 oz 定價NT$620特價NT$496.
Dry Sack - 20 Litre 25cm(dia) x 61cm / 10" x 24" 120g / 4.2 oz 定價NT$740特價NT$592.
Dry Sack - 35 Litre 30cm(dia) x 70cm / 12" x 27" 140g / 4.9 oz 定價NT$860特價NT$688.
When a cold beer is just an unattainable dream at least you can douse your desire by having a shower! The Pocket Shower uses the same heat resistant waterproof fabric as our standard Dry Bags and the same roll top closure. At the base there is a compact and free-flowing rose that smoothly and gradually adjusts from off to full flow with a simple twist. Fill with water, roll it closed, suspend it from the two tough Delrin™ D rings using the 6 metres of cord provided.
Waterproof and lightweight transformer. A waterproof fold-drybag for the weight of a chocolate bar that doubles as a softpack with shoulder straps. Originally conceived as a drypack for river swimming, the Splash 15 can also be used a small backup daypack while travelling.
Excellent combination of waterproof packsack and featherlight backpack. Features our transparent back panel window for ease of use.
100% waterproof single compartment packsack with fold and roll closure. Fully taped seams.
Side squeeze buckles and D-Ring.
Double TPU/mesh laminate window in the back panel allows you to find contents quickly.
Closed cell EVA foam back for added comfort and good load control.
Comfortable 3D Spacer Mesh shoulder harness and adjustable sternum strap.
Generous elastic bungee cord retains helmet, jacket or wet gear.
Heavy duty base constructed from TPU laminated polyester fabric, 100% waterproof.
D-rings for optional waist strap (not included).
Light grey PU coating reflects light making it easy to find packed contents.
Packs small when not in use.
Materials: PU coated Taffeta nylon and TPU film laminated polyester base.
The sack within the pack. The oval base of these waterproof packliners fits the pack body of a backpack perfectly, ensuring full use of the pack,s volume without loss of space. Roll-top closure with quick release buckle for waterproof performance and double D-rings that allow the liner to be secured with a lock. Light grey PU inner coating for good overview of contents.
Ultralight (=UL), waterproof drybags with fold-roll-closure made of 15 D Nylon with silicone coating on the outside and PU coating on the inside. Fully seam taped and with a lightweight version of the closure an buckle. The translucent fabric allows you to recognize the contents. No base handle.
The ultimate lightweight softshell cases with integrated EVA cushion. Protect sensitive valuables from shock and water. A variety of sizes to fit the smallest digital camera to a laptop computer. Bright inner PU coating lights up the interior of the bags. Not submersible.
Waterproof bags that truly save space and protect gear against water, dust, mildew and insects. So easy to use: stuff bulky gear; fold closure 4x; open lower valve; compress bag to squeeze out the air; close the valve; secure the closure. Combine with Pumptube to quickly inflate Exped Mats such as AirMat 7.5 and SynMat Basic models (those without integrated pump).
Versatile and lightweight travel duffles. Light, durable and stowable bags made of a durable rip-stop nylon fabric combination. The exposed base and top panels are made of 100D triple rip-stop fabric and the sides of surplus lightweight rip-stop nylon found in tent rainflys. The duffles pack small and compact in the integrated pocket that doubles as stuffsack. The 20 l version weighs in at under 100 grams. YKK zippers and bar tack on stress points round of the quality construction of these excellent organizers for your gear, clothing, souvenirs and shopping.
Contents remain dry and clean when hiking in the rain, sailing, building sand castles or in the desert wind. These lightweight pack sacks in three sizes keep your gear or clothes dry and protected from dust and sand. When correctly rolled shut, they are water-tight.
20 x 18 x 0 (H x W x D) cm.
Size:11 x 9.1 x 0 (H x W x D) inches/29 x 23 x 0 (H x W x D) cm.
Size:19 x 12 x 0 (H x W x D) inches/49 x 30 x 0 (H x W x D) cm.
Size:34 x23 x 0 (H x W x D) cm.
Size:45 x26 x 0 (H x W x D) cm.


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1. Paper Aeroplanes tell better stories (probably). They also proved unafraid of damaging their brand identity, with unscripted chat about dandruff-inducing hair products and accidentally calling their drummer Ryan Adams before encouraging the audience to add him on Facebook.
2. Paper Aeroplanes have written the song Little Letters. One Direction have not.
3. Paper Aeroplanes really know how to build a setlist, One Direction (probably) get told theirs.
b) They deserve any and all the fuss that is made about them.


The "Kreshmoi" Cave, or as we may call it the Cave of Konispol, is a large limestone cavern, which has an age of 27,000 years. It lies at a height of 400m near Saraqini's ridge and the main entrance is set in such a position that it can not be touched by the cold northern winds. Of course this is thought to be one of the main reasons, except for the fact that the view that is being offered is very clear and gives you the opportunity to see all the space that lies before it and to enjoy the miracle that only Joni sea offers. The cave is approximately 50m long, 6m high at its maximum and is divided into two branches, one in the east and another in the west.
It is said that the cave has taken this name since the Christian era, as it was the place where for a very long time Christian believers held it as a pilgrimage place where they could go and perform their prayer rites, fasting.
Over time, it lost its primary function, returning to a place of refuge for residents of the area who could be threatened by the various attacks and fighting that took place in the area, but again there was something more.
It should be said that in this cave, human life has not been interrupted in any case and this can be easily proven, since it is represented throughout the ages: the Palaeolithic, Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age, the ancient and medieval periods until the nineteenth century. XII AD.
The archaeologist who discovered the cave is Halil Shabani, who together with a group of students from the "Our Archaeologist" circle of Konispol Gymnasium "Bido Sejko" in 1987 discovered the first traces of it, where they could make an ascertainment great that later he would receive a special appreciation from our history.
"In the first survey we saw that there were elements of the Neolithic and Palaeolithic periods in a cultural layer with depths over 1.5 m. With laboratory tests and comparative methods, it was possible to determine the age of the Cave, which resulted in the oldest age of 26,500 years, "says Shabani. Straw and blade work tools, earthenware, painted pottery, terracotta or mud sculpture, carbonated seeds of wild barley, wild grape, thistle, bones of goats, sheep, cows, etc., constitute several from the materials obtained at the "Kreshmoi" Cave.
The early Neolithic pottery was characterized by Impresso and Pseudobarbotine wares which are characteristic of the western and central Balkans. The middle Neolithic can be identified due to the exceedingly thick walled vessels that were found. Two different types of pottery suggest occupation in the late Neolithic. These are local and imported painted pottery of Maliq I style. The local pottery is rough and without much finish, whereas the imported pottery, although still containing sand as a temper, is competently fired and varies in colour from cream to grey unlike the local reddish colour.


Ranking at or near the top of any list of definitions of democracy is this one from Abraham Lincoln: …government of the people, by the people, for the people.
The phrase was part of his dedicatory remarks at the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania in 1863, when twenty-five states of the Union were locked in a great civil war against eleven states that had seceded to form the Confederacy. It was a short speech, ten sentences in length, forever after regarded as a plea for true equality for all people of the American nation.
One problem with the definition, however, is that it also aptly described the government of the enemy, which was elected in 1861—presumably of the people, by the people, and for the people of the Confederate states.
And complicating the case further, under both governments, almost without exception, only white males were deemed citizens with full voting rights. Where was equality for all?
The lesson I take from this is that any definition of democracy is only as legitimate as the people who profess it.
No one anywhere ever said that democracy is a form of government imposed upon a people whose traditions run to the autocratic, totalitarian model, for that would betray the very notion espoused by Lincoln, that democracy is of the people—that is, arrived at through the exercise of their own free will.
Nevertheless, many nations have tried over hundreds of years to do that very thing, and many still do so today. It rarely takes. Until those under the yoke of oppression decide of their own volition to rise up, to throw off that yoke, and to determine their own form of self-government—as it was with the signing of the Magna Carta—there will be no democracy for them.
Look at it this way. If you tell me that your objective is to help me learn how to think for myself, and if together we are successful, what will happen when you realize that my independent thinking leads me to a different end-point than yours leads you on substantive issues? Will you applaud, despite our contrarian viewpoints? Or will you seek to correct me, to bring my thinking in line with yours?
If the latter, you will likely succeed if you are more powerful than I. But by forcing me back into your own thinking, will you not have failed in your original objective?
Democracy is like that. If it is truly of the people, it almost certainly will not look the same in every society claiming to embrace it—because people, despite our biological similarities, are shaped by our environment, our experiences, our learning, and our culture. And those are distinct from place to place to place.
Even within one democracy—our own, for example, or that of the great republic of Lincoln—there are differences among the governed people. Because majority rules in democratic elections, there will always be those happy with their government, and those in opposition.
Joseph de Maistre, a nineteenth-century writer and diplomat, wrote that, in every democracy, people get the government they deserve. I suspect that is true, even more so today, given the woefully-low voter turnout in our elections.
He also wrote, …false opinions are like false money, struck first of all by guilty men and thereafter circulated by honest people who perpetuate the crime without knowing what they are doing. In our democracy, we can choose what we want to believe, and we are free to espouse it. Many of us, alas, have no idea of the origin or veracity of the so-called truths we champion. We simply echo them, as if truth can be created through the repetition of a lie.
Being intellectually lazy, many of us choose to accept, with no critical reflection, what we are told by our democratically-elected leaders. Or, if we don't like the sound of that, we opt for what we are told by those who democratically oppose our leaders. A few of us choose neither, opting instead to believe what we hear from demagogues and the lunatic fringe.
And so, we find ourselves in a metaphorical darkness—facing each other in a circle of sorts, hunkered around the fire of our democracy—chanting our respective mantras back and forth, as if in a ritual war-dance, none of us listening to the other. To those lurking in the dark, beyond the flickering light cast by the fire, our chants must sound like caterwauling—loud, nonsensical, and pointless. And if those lurkers mean us harm, our brayings must also sound welcome.
In 1944, Winston Churchill said, …[the people] together decide what government, or…what form of government, they wish to have in their country. When the people of any democracy, including our own, decide through their actions—through the exercise of their civic responsibilities, one of which is to become informed—the majority will rightfully have its way.
But we can also decide not to act, thereby abrogating our democratic opportunity to choose the government we prefer. And when we do that, we leave the right to choose in the hands of others—others whose opinions and beliefs we may not agree with. In that case, we have no right to bewail the government we end up with.
In the end, I suppose, it comes down to one simple truth. If we are to get the government we deserve, we had better be sure we represent the sort of people we want to be choosing it.
For several years, I've had a brilliant idea for a word-game bouncing around in my head. Given my general laissez-faire attitude in my retirement years, however, I've done nothing about it.
And that's a shame, because the more I think about it, the more convinced I am it could be a sure-fire hit. Like when the original Trivial Pursuit first burst upon the scene, or Scrabble, or Hangman, or Words with Friends, to name a few.
The game—in the multi-platform age we live in—can be marketed as a traditional board-game, or as a digital game adapted to computers and laptops. It can feature competitive matches with others, or a self-play mode for those uncomfortable with universal play. It can have different levels of skill to accommodate players with varying levels of language fluency. It can have focused versions for different age-groups. It can be issued in as many languages as the global market will bear.
But wait, there's more! So successful could it be that a television show might eventually be based upon it, like Jeopardy, for instance. Featuring both celebrity and everyday contestants, all vying to claim supremacy, the TV version could reinvigorate the public's interest in language and history, spurring us on, perhaps, to a new golden age of literacy.
The only reason I'm revealing my idea here is that I remain unlikely to pursue it by myself. Too much work for one my age.
Actually, there is a second reason: I'd love to entice someone to follow through on the project—partnering with me, of course, with copyright reserved to me; financing the start-up costs; doing the bulk of the work; but with all profits shared equally.
Sounds beguiling, don't you think?
If the player can successfully complete the expression, (s)he will receive the number of points ascribed to the difficulty of the quotation. And, as a bonus, if the player can identify the person who first uttered the expression, (s)he will earn an additional two points, and may take a second turn before the next player plays. If a particular quotation has no attributed author, Anonymous becomes an acceptable answer.
Because some quotations have been reported slightly differently, or translated from other languages, some latitude in the exactness of the answers may be allowed by players; the objective is to most accurately complete the expression.
I don't want to belong to any club that would have me as a member; the speaker was Groucho Marx, an American actor, comedian, and television star.
Pretty simple concept, I think, but not so easy to navigate successfully.
Now, before deciding whether or not you wish to become an investor in this can't-miss undertaking, you might want to try the game yourself. Here are six questions of varying levels of difficulty, but all requiring high-school competency in language and history. Answering all of them correctly, and identifying the speakers, will earn you thirty points.
Try to answer these questions before checking the answers below.
I could lie and claim I earned thirty points, but that would be unfair; after all, I framed the questions. In truth, I might have earned seventeen points, had I been playing as you were.
If any of us were playing online, and after we had the correct answers revealed, we could quickly search the internet for more information on the speakers. This game could be such a marvellous learning tool, as well as entertaining for all ages. A sure-fire winner!
So, in conclusion, let me address the financing and partnership aspects of the project. In order to avoid my having to peruse long lists of prospective investors, it would be best (assuming you are interested) to send along a comprehensive financial disclosure statement to me at your earliest convenience. Rest assured, it will be held in the strictest confidence….or, perhaps I should say privacy.
You know, I'm sure, that this is not a confidence game!
From early childhood I was fascinated by stories of Africa, peculiarly referred to as the dark continent. As a young boy, I devoured the tales of Tarzan of the Apes, in both book and comic-book formats, and later through television and movies. I fancied the entire continent covered in thick jungle, which I would effortlessly travel as Tarzan did, swinging on innumerable vines from tree to tree to tree.
The fact that I wasn't strong enough to climb the rope-swing in my own backyard didn't seem to intrude upon those dreams.
Later, as my interest in history grew, I moved on to stories of the intrepid, imperialistic adventurers who sought to colonize the continent for their respective European nations. Men (they were always men) from Belgium, Britain, France, and Germany rushed to claim vast domains on behalf of king and country. I imagined myself striding in the company of such worthies as Mungo Park, Richard Burton, John Speke, David Livingstone, Henry Morton Stanley, and Cecil Rhodes, bringing glory and honour to the homeland.
In the space of little more than forty years, beginning in 1870, European control of Africa jumped from 10 percent of its landmass to 90 percent, a stunning demonstration of greed and expansionism. The most avaricious nation was Britain, which controlled vast tracts, including the Nile valley and the Suez Canal after invading Egypt in 1882.
It didn't occur to me back then that such heroic deeds resulted in enslavement of the indigenous peoples, and wholesale looting of the continent's plentiful natural resources—gold, silver, diamonds, salt, petroleum, and cocoa beans among them. In my callow innocence, I gave no thought to the consequences suffered by the conquered.
Eventually I graduated to a study of the more complex history of warfare in Africa, struggles between European empires fought on African soil. The Dutch, French, and British, who fought initially against indigenous peoples to steal their land, found themselves inevitably clashing with each other over competing claims. The most famous of such conflicts are, perhaps, the first and second Boer Wars fought by Dutch settlers against British imperialists in what is now South Africa, the tales of which captured my imagination completely.
No less a personage than Winston Churchill, then a young subaltern in the British army, first made a name for himself after a daring escape from a Boer prisoner-of-war camp. In school, we learned to sing a stirring song, Marching to Pretoria, which was sung by British soldiers as they made their victorious way to the Boers' capital city. I think I was the only one of my classmates to have any inkling of its significance.
My understanding of Africa, therefore, was heavily influenced by a British bias; he who wins the wars writes the history, after all.
Never in my life, however, did I actually visit the dark continent. Not until now, that is. As I write this post, I'm sitting in a beautiful room in Aquavit, a delightful Bed & Breakfast overlooking the town of Plettenberg Bay in South Africa, with a view of the Indian Ocean to the left and smoky, blue mountains all around. Our hosts, Linda and Ole, are not imperialistic plunderers from the past, but expat Americans who call this country home.
It is nothing like the Africa of my youthful ruminations. The flora and fauna are different from what I'm familiar with, but they are different, too, from the jungle tangle I might have expected from my Tarzan reading. On our journey by car along the byways of the southeastern coast, we have seen our share of animals not found in North America, of course—baboons, zebras, ostriches, an astonishing variety of antelope—and we shall see many more on an upcoming safari adventure.
Despite the warring history I once lapped up, we have found no enemies of any political persuasion or ethnic background; only a warm, hospitable people who wave and smile at every opportunity. It has been easy during the three weeks we've been travelling here to learn to feel at home.
In the company of good friends, Evelyn and Larry, we have stood at the Cape of Good Hope with the Atlantic Ocean lapping at our feet, and climbed high up on Cape Point, almost the southernmost tip of the country. We have swum in the Indian Ocean and walked the sandy beaches it pounds with its endless surf. We have ventured into several off-road places—Table Mountain near Capetown, which we conquered via cable-car; the De Hoop Nature Reserve, where we encountered penguins unique to South Africa; a remote farmhouse where we were treated to a delicious luncheon of salads, cheeses, breads, and wine, all home-grown and produced. And we have boldly gone under the ground, into the renowned Cango Caves, where we were amazed by the subterranean beauty of the eerie caverns.
Ringing out from our blue heavens, /From the depths of our sea, /Over our everlasting mountains, /Where the echoing crags resound!
Sounds the call to come together, /And united we shall stand, /Let us live and strive for freedom /In South Africa our land!
It has been the trip of a lifetime, and we have three weeks still to go.


Bishop Lowry announced the following Cabinet, District and Conference Executive Team changes on Jan. 8, 2017. The following moves are effective July 1. Please click on the names of any of the below to read a short bio and comments about their new role on the CTC Cabinet.
Rev. Brad Brittain has been appointed as the South District Superintendent.
Dr. Clifton Howard will assume the position of Assistant to the Bishop from the retiring Dr. Georgia Adamson.
Rev. Ben Disney has been appointed as the East District Superintendent. Ben takes over this position from the retiring Dr. Bob Holloway.
Rev. Travis Franklin has been appointed as the North District Superintendent.
Rev. Mike Ramsdell has been named as the Executive Director of Evangelism & Church Growth, succeeding Rev. Gary Lindley following his July 1 retirement.
All of the above will actively continue to serve in their current appointments until July 1. Those appointed to succeed Ben, Brad and Travis are still to be prayerfully determined and will be announced at a later date.


text:
<?php

class Car extends Vehicle
{

    /**
     * Car constructor.
     */
    public function __construct($fuelQuantity, $fuelConsumption, $tankCapacity) {
        parent::__construct($fuelQuantity, $fuelConsumption, $tankCapacity);
        $this->summerConsumption = 0.9; // per km
        $this->type = 'Car';
    }

    private function checkCapacity() {
        if (($this->type == 'Car' || $this->type == 'Bus') && $this->fuelQuantity > $this->tankCapacity) {
            echo 'Cannot fit fuel in tank';
            return false;
        } else {
            return true;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Colonialism - Exploring Africa- the rhodesian mining in the colonial era ,In this lesson, the economic reasons for and the economic consequences of colonialism will .
Northern Rhodesia was a protectorate , When Northern Rhodesia's mining industry suffered a , Commercial Concessions and Politics during the Colonial Period: .
The Colonial Period Mining , which had seen a flood of fortune-seeking prospectors seeking to set up independent mines, Northern Rhodesia's mining policy was .
The Rhodesian Mining In The Colonial Era - Nagpal Industri The Development Of Capitalist Mining In Colonial Zimbabwe , The Development Of Capitalist Mining In .
Rhodesia Railways Rhodesia Railways emblem In the colonial era, , workers employed by the Rhodesian Railways , of a small mining company and .
Colonialism in Africa created nations , Britain's colonial possessions in central and southern Africa included Southern Rhodesia , During the colonial period, .
Feb 13, 2013· Copper Empire: Mining and the Colonial State in Northern Rhodesia , , Mining and the Colonial State in Northern Rhodesia, , the standard work on the .
have argued that the great need of Southern Rhodesian mining and , to refer to the British colonial period, , Capitalism, and the Colonial State in .
Johannesburg gold mines, the ten leading Rhodesian mines yielded a , African colonial territories north of , agriculture and mining, already in the pre-war period .
BINQ Mining >Crusher and Mill >the rhodesian mining in the colonial era Print the rhodesian mining in the colonial era Posted at:February 13, 2013[ 45 .
receive free not only Rhodesian History and , Southern Rhodesian administration or of the Colonial , Rhodesia2 The Chamber of Mines .
In this earlier period, dozens of mining and , of British colonial rule in Northern Rhodesia and created , political ecology of extraction in colonial .
, this was a but also in the copper mines of Northern Rhodesia , For much of the colonial era, , The two major pillars of the colonial economy, mining .
the rhodesian mining in the colonial era colonial era the britain combined the rhodesian and nyasaland colonies into the and tourism mining is still lucrative and .
The Southern Rhodesian colonial government in Salisbury felt that in , ownership of a registered mining claim in Southern Rhodesia, or , During this period, .
Colonial rule Related People , the BSAC regarded the country chiefly as a source of labour for gold and coal mines in Southern Rhodesia and for , the colonial .
Black miners strike in the Northern Rhodesian (Zambia) Copperbelt - the rhodesian mining in the colonial era ,British colonial administration, military police, askari .
FROM COERCION TO COMPENSATION INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSES TO LABOUR , From Coercion to Compensation Institutional , mining for the entire colonial era4 .


This dignified five double bedroom house is arranged over three floors with a south facing garden. Ideal for families as it's close to popular local schools and also only moments from Northfields and Boston Manor tube stations. Built in the early 1900's, this home retains much of its original character but has been updated over time to accommodate modern family living.
This dignified five double bedroom house is arranged over three floors with a south facing garden. Ideal for families as it's close to popular local schools and also only moments from Northfields and Boston Manor tube stations. Built in the early 1900′s, this home retains much of its original character but has been updated over time to accommodate modern family living.
Inside, gleaming wooden floors and high ceilings with period detailing welcomes you in to this large house. The living room is to the right. Ornate coving lines the ceiling high above your head and there's a handsome period fireplace in the centre providing the focal point. The wall separating the dining room has been removed to create a bright and airy through lounge although each room is still clearly defined. The kitchen/ diner and family rooms are at the rear of the property. The units are plenty and contrast nicely with the marble worktops. The dual aspect bi-folding doors at the end, make the most of the views into the garden which gets the best of the sun all day due to its southerly aspect. Back inside and upstairs, straight ahead is the family bathroom. There's a bedroom at the front of the house which expands over the hallway below so it's grand in proportion and super bright with a large angled bay looking across the quiet street. There are two further double bedrooms on this floor peacefully located towards the rear of the house. A few steps up to the second floor you'll find two further double bedrooms a contemporary ensuite shower room and plenty of storage built in.


13th century England. Robert Godwinson, former lover of King Richard, lives with his band of Merry Men in Sherwood Forest, away from the watchful eye of Prince John, who has outlawed homosexuality. Though isolated, the men live in peace–that is, until a stranger approaches their camp asking for aid to a nearby town under siege by the Sheriff of Nottingham. Robert–nicknamed Robin–is reluctant to help, but equally eager to get rid of this perplexing stranger... and to put his formidable bow-and-arrow to use. It's Robin Hood like you've never seen him before, based on scholarly speculation about what's really behind the outlaw's legend.