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The Equal Rights Amendment (1923)
In 1923, this statement was admitted to Congress under the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). The ERA was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution granting equality between men and women under the law. If the Era was passed, it would have made unconstitutional any laws that grant one sex different rights than the other. However, in the 1970s, the Era was not passed, and therefore did not become law.
The idea for an equal rights amendment first became acknowledged in the early part of the twentieth century. In 1916, Alice Paul founded the National Women's party (NWP), a political party dedicated to establishing equal rights for women. Traditionally, women were viewed as weaker and inferior to men. The purpose of the ERA was to prohibit any person from acting on this belief. Alice Paul viewed that equality under the law was the foundation essential to full equality for women. In November of 1922, the NWP voted to work for a federal amendment that could guarantee women's equal rights regardless of legislatures' indecisions. The NWP had 400 women lobbying for equality.
Despite strong opposition by some women and men, the NWP introduced and Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1923. In order to become law, the amendment needed a two-thirds vote in both houses of the congress of the United States, or a supporting petition of two-thirds of the state legislatures. Then the amendment would have required ratification by three-fourths of the states. However, it failed to get the two-thirds majority required to move onto the states for approval. The proposed amendment also failed in following sessions until 1972, when it won a majority vote in Congress.
Transcontinental Railroad & Expansion in the United States
The main objectives of the women's movement included equal pay for equal work, federal support for day-care centers, recognition of lesbian rights, continued legalization of abortion, and the focus of serious attention on the problems of rape, wife and child beating, and discrimination against older and minority women. The ERA would have addressed all of these issues if it were passed.
Had it been adopted, the ERA would have resolved the paradox of an oppressed majority, by adding to the Constitution a provision that says no person shall be denied any rights on the basis of sex. But ten years after being approved by Congress, the bill died three states shy of thirty-eight needed to ratify.
Defenders in Congress and out of Congress believe that equal rights for women will be neither abandoned nor compromised, but supported until successful. Some of the more conservative supporters of the ERA included Senator Strom Thurman, President Richard Nixon, and Governor George Wallace. Today, President Bill Clinton and Hillary Rodham Clinton are also strong supporters of equal rights for women.
At the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995, the main theme was effort to promote equal rights for women. A speaker for the United States, Madeleine K. Albright, announced that the Clinton administration is determined to bring down the barriers to the equal participation of women that take place in this country. She introduced a seven-point plan of commitments that the United States government plans to take. Although the ERA was denied in the seventies, the new administrations are trying to introduce plans that will exemplify equal rights for women in society.
Battle Iwo Jima Summary & Analysis
Opposition to the ERA in the 1970s was similar in some ways to opposition in the 1920s. Conservative politicians and organization voiced strong opposition to the amendment. Phyllis Schlafly, one of the amendment's most vocal opponents, founded STOP ERA, a group that worked to defeat the amendment. "Schlafly argued that the amendment would force women to take on roles normally reserved for the men and that equal rights meant women would give up "privileges" of womanhood." The ERA was also opposed by many woman who feared the
loss of alimony and of exemption of military service.
Although there is no consensus to explain the ERA's defeat, there are several theories. "Many felt that it was a rejection of the feminist ideal of what women ought to be, an ideal that threatened to destroy the American family and sap the strength of a society already crippled by moral permissiveness and political weakness and indecision." Others felt that the Church of Jesus Christ spent great sums of money to defeat the amendment.
Equality for both men and women included the draft. Although women wanted equality in society, they did not want to be included in the draft. One of the most damaging charges was that the ERA would force young women into combat. Children carried signs in front of Congress with the slogan "Please Don't Send My Mommy to War!" Many felt that if a woman went into to war, they were considered to be women-who-want-to-be-men – anomalous persons who rejected the kind of life that nature (G-d and sex) had ordained.
United States & First World War
In the January 1983 issue of Ms. magazine, Gloria Steinem and her co-editors argued that the ERA failed for three reasons: 1) too many people, both men and women, dislike women; 2) most of the majority expressing support in the polls remained contently expectant instead of becoming politically determined; and 3) the opposition was better organized.
Other opposition to the ERA included how the Amendment was to be interpreted. It was felt that giving the Supreme Court and federal agencies authority to spell out the meaning of equal rights would be risky. Decisions made on such a level would be too far removed from the ideas and desires of the people. Opponents felt that equal rights should be dealt with on a local or state level where legislators can be voted out of position if the people do not like some of the decisions made.
Although the ERA did not pass, all of the actions made by NOW, NWP, and any of the other women's movements, have greatly aided women in their battle against sex discrimination in the work place, in educational institutions, and in their roles as wives and mothers, and finally laid to rest the controversy over protective legislation and equal rights.
Tags: (1923)CongressConstitutionERAThe Equal Rights AmendmentUnited States


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\section{\label{sec:Intro}Introduction}
In recent years, nonreciprocal transport phenomena have attracted much attention in the field of condensed matter physics as a new functionality of noncentrosymmetric matter~\cite{Tokura2018-lp,Ideue2021-vu}.
Nonreciprocal transport means inequivalence between transport responses in one direction and the opposite direction, and phenomena such as magneto-chiral anisotropy have been widely known for a long time~\cite{Rikken1997-sa,Rikken2001-oo}.
In superconductors, the discovery and prediction of numerous nonreciprocal phenomena, including the early discovery of magneto-chiral anisotropy in the fluctuation region~\cite{Wakatsuki2017-bc,Wakatsuki2018-fs,Hoshino2018-yr,Qin2017-vd}, have been reported and are expanding~\cite{Yasuda2019-gb,Itahashi2020-tg,Zhang2020-al,Itahashi2022-rj,Wu2022-kw,Nakamura2020-vj}.
Recently, it has been shown that nonreciprocity also appears in the critical current in Nb/V/Ta artificial superlattice superconductors~\cite{Ando2020-ge}, and the nonreciprocal critical current is called the superconducting diode effect (SDE).
The discovery of the SDE in the Nb/V/Ta superlattice has led to an explosion of related research~\cite{Miyasaka2021-ie,Narita2022-ig,Kawarazaki2022-pd,Lin2022-md,Wu2022-vw,Xie2022-jo,Shin2021-gc,Scammell2022-mq,Baumgartner2022-gg,Bauriedl2022-mf,Lu2022-mv,Legg2022-gz,Chahid2022-pq,Jiang2022-ud,Hou2022-le,Pal2021-ry,Davydova2022-fn,Zinkl2021-dn,Lyu2021-ki,Hu2022-zv,Anwar2022-on}, and experimental observations have been reported not only in the original Rashba superconductors with an in-plane magnetic field but also in the Ising superconductors~\cite{Bauriedl2022-mf}, Josephson junction~\cite{Wu2022-vw,Baumgartner2022-gg}, and various systems even without the magnetic field~\cite{Wu2022-vw,Narita2022-ig,Lin2022-md}.
Diodes are fundamental elements of modern electronics, and therefore, the establishment of the SDE is expected to lead to energy-saving electronics using superconducting circuits.

Theories of the SDE have been formulated in terms of an intrinsic deparing mechanism \cite{Daido2022-wb,He2022-bc,Yuan2022-xh,Daido2022-gp,Ilic2022-la}.
Depairing of Cooper pairs by the supercurrent destabilizes the superconductivity and causes the depairing critical current.
At the depairing critical current, the condensation energy due to the creation of Cooper pairs is compensated by the kinetic energy of Cooper pairs. It was shown that asymmetry in the band structure induces nonreciprocal properties in the depairing critical current in the sense that the critical current in a direction $J_\mathrm{c}(+)$ is different from that in the opposite direction $J_\mathrm{c}(-)$.
Theories have revealed the scaling of the nonreciprocal critical current $\Delta J_\mathrm{c} \equiv J_\mathrm{c}(+)-J_\mathrm{c}(-) \propto (T_\mathrm{c}-T)^2$.
More interestingly, microscopic calculations predict the significant enhancement of the SDE beyond the $(T_\mathrm{c}-T)^2$ scaling in the low-temperature region and the sign reversal of SDE in the high-magnetic-field region~\cite{Daido2022-wb}.
The sign-reversal field roughly coincides with the crossover line of the helical superconducting state~\cite{Daido2022-wb,Daido2022-gp,Ilic2022-la}, indicating the close relationship between the SDE and finite-$q$ Cooper pairing.
Therefore, developments in the intrinsic SDE are also desired for the clarification of exotic helical superconductivity, which has been awaited for a long time~\cite{Smidman2017-hv}. In particular, further theoretical research is desired for a comprehensive understanding of the SDE.

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width = 0.48\textwidth]{Schematic.pdf}
    \caption{Schematic figure of the SDE with nonmagnetic impurities. Electric current flows in the $+x$ direction with zero resistance, while the electric resistance is finite in the $-x$ direction. The rightward current is the supercurrent and the leftward current is the normal current.}
    \label{fig:Schematic}
\end{figure}

Most of the theoretical calculations for the SDE were performed in the clean limit.
However, it is known that disorders have a significant effect on noncentrosymmetric superconductors~\cite{Smidman2017-hv,Dimitrova2007-gl,Samokhin2008-pk,Mineev2007-ut,Houzet2015-cl}.
In a previous study~\cite{Ilic2022-la}, impurity effects on the SDE near the transition temperature were studied using Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory with the GL coefficients determined by the quasiclassical theory, which revealed that the sign of $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$ depends on the impurity concentration.
On the other hand, the intrinsic SDE in disordered systems has not been studied in the low-temperature region. The intrinsic SDE in the low-temperature region is attractive because it may realize high SDE efficiency~\cite{Daido2022-wb,Daido2022-gp} and experimental studies of helical superconductivity are feasible.
Therefore, we present a microscopic study of the SDE in disordered $s$-wave superconductors with a particular interest in the magnitude and sign reversal of the SDE in the low-temperature region.

In this paper, we investigate the nonreciprocal critical current with nonmagnetic impurities, based on a Green's function method.
In particular, we focus on the weakly-disordered regime since the crossover of helical superconductivity is known to be absent in the presence of strong disorder~\cite{Smidman2017-hv}.
In Sec.~\ref{Model}, we show a formulation of the SDE in the disordered Rashba-Zeeman model for $s$-wave superconductors.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:Result}, we show the numerical results of the SDE. It is shown that the sign reversal of SDE observed in the clean limit is suppressed with increasing impurity concentration.
It is also found that the diode quality factor is increased by disorders and reaches 20\%.

\section{Formulation}\label{Model}

In this section, we describe a microscopic treatment of SDE.
We first derive Green's function method for clean systems and next extend it to disordered systems.
A setup of the system is shown schematically in Fig.~\ref{fig:Schematic}.
We consider two-dimensional superconductors with a polar axis perpendicular to the conducting plane.
Following the setup of Ref.~\onlinecite{Daido2022-wb}, we adopt the Rashba-Zeeman Hamiltonian with an attractive Hubbard interaction,
\begin{align}
    \mathcal{H} &= \mathcal{H}_0 + \mathcal{H}_\mathrm{int}, \\
    \mathcal{H}_0 &= \sum_{\bm{k}\sigma\sigma'}[(\varepsilon(\bm{k})-\mu)\delta_{\sigma\sigma'}+(\bm{g}(\bm{k})- \bm{h})\cdot \bm{\sigma}_{\sigma\sigma'}]c^\dag_{\bm{k}\sigma}c_{\bm{k}\sigma'},  \\
    \mathcal{H_\mathrm{int}} &=-\frac{U}{V}\sum_{\bm{k k'q}}c^\dag_{\bm{k_+}\uparrow}c^\dag_{-\bm{k_-}\downarrow}c_{-\bm{k'_-}\downarrow}c_{\bm{k'_+}\uparrow}.
\end{align}
Here, $\varepsilon(\bm{k}) = -2t(\cos k_x+\cos k_y)$ is a nearest-neighbor hopping energy in the tight-binding model, $\mu$ is a chemical potential, and $\bm{g}(\bm{k}) = \alpha_\mathrm{R}(-\sin k_y, \sin k_x,0)$ represents the Rashba spin-orbit coupling.
The magnetic field is applied along the $y$-axis, treated as a Zeeman term $\bm{h} = (0,\mu_{\mathrm{B}}H,0)$.
We introduce the notation $\bm{k}_{\pm} = \bm{k} \pm \bm{q}/2$, and the system size is $V = L_x L_y$. The parameters are given by $( t, \mu, \alpha_\mathrm{R}, U) = (1.0,-1.0,0.3,1.5)$.

The energy dispersion for the non-interacting part is $\xi_\lambda(\bm{k},\bm{h}) = \varepsilon(\bm{k})-\mu +\lambda | \bm{g}(\bm{k}) -\bm{h}|$, where $\lambda$ represents the helicity $\lambda = \pm$.
Unitary transformation to the helicity band is described as follows,
\begin{equation}
    c_{\bm{k}\sigma} = \sum_{\lambda} u_{\sigma\lambda}(\bm{k},\bm{h})c_{\bm{k}\lambda},
\end{equation}
with the unitary matrix $\left(u_{\uparrow\lambda}(\bm{k},\bm{h}),u_{\downarrow\lambda}(\bm{k},\bm{h})\right) = 1/\sqrt{2} (1,\lambda e^{i\phi(\bm{k},\bm{h})})$ and $\phi(\bm{k},\bm{h}) =$
{$\arg[g_x(\bm{k})-h_x+i(g_y(\bm{k})-h_y)]$.}
For convenience of notation, we define $t_\lambda(\bm{k},\bm{h}) \equiv \lambda e^{i\phi(\bm{k},\bm{h})}$.
We apply the same unitary transformation to the interaction part,
\begin{align}
    -\frac{U}{4V} \sum_{\substack{\bm{k,k'}\\ \lambda_1\lambda_2\lambda_3\lambda_4}} t_{\lambda_2}(-\bm{k}_-,\bm{h})t^*_{\lambda_3}(-\bm{k}'_-,\bm{h}) \notag\\
    \times c^\dag_{\bm{k}\lambda_1}c^\dag_{-\bm{k}_-\lambda_2}c_{-\bm{k'}_-\lambda_3}c_{\bm{k'}\lambda_4}.
\end{align}

We solve this model in the mean-field approximation with finite center-of-mass Cooper-pair momentum $\bm{q}$. In this setup nondissipative supercurrent is carried by Cooper pairs with finite momentum. Then, the Hubbard interaction term is decoupled by the gap function defined as follows,
\begin{equation}
    \tilde{\Delta} (q) = -\frac{U}{2V}\sum_{\bm{k}'\lambda'} t^*_{\lambda'}(-\bm{k}'_-,\bm{h})\langle c_{-\bm{k'}_-\lambda'}c_{\bm{k'}_+\lambda'}\rangle,
\end{equation}
by neglecting the interband pairing for simplicity.
We consider $s$-wave paring with center-of-mass momentum along the $x$ direction $\bm{q} =q\hat{\bm{x}}$.
Using the above treatment, we obtain the interaction part in the mean-field Hamiltonian
\begin{equation} \mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{int}} \simeq \frac{1}{2}\sum_{\bm{k}\lambda} \left(\Delta_\lambda (\bm{k},\bm{h},q) c^\dag_{\bm{k}_+\lambda}c^\dag_{-\bm{k}_-\lambda} + \mathrm{H.c.} \right) + \mathrm{Const.}
\end{equation}
Here, we denote $\Delta_\lambda(\bm{k},\bm{h},q) =  t_\lambda (-\bm{k}_-,\bm{h})\tilde{\Delta}(q)$,
which can be replaced with its antisymmetric part $\Delta_{0\lambda}(\bm{k},\bm{h},q)=\left(\Delta_{\lambda}(\bm{k},\bm{h},q)-\Delta_{\lambda}(-\bm{k},\bm{h},q)\right)/2$ according to the anticommutation relation of creation operators.
Thus, in the band basis, the mean-field Hamiltonian is expressed as follows,
\begin{align}
    \mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{MF}} &= \sum_{\bm{k}\lambda}\xi_{\lambda}(\bm{k},\bm{h})c^\dag_{\bm{k}\lambda}c_{\bm{k}\lambda} \notag \\
    &+ \frac{1}{2}\sum_{\bm{k}\lambda} \left(\Delta_{{0}\lambda} (\bm{k},\bm{h},q) c^\dag_{\bm{k}_+\lambda}c^\dag_{-\bm{k}_-\lambda} + \mathrm{H.c.} \right) + \mathrm{Const.}
\end{align}

The explicit notation of the magnetic-field dependence is omitted below. We now introduce Green's function on the particle-hole basis as follows;
\begin{equation}
    \mathscr{G}(\bm{k},\tau) = -\langle T_\tau C_{\bm{k}}(\tau)C^{\dag}_{\bm{k}}(0) \rangle.
\end{equation}
Where, $C_{\bm{k}} = (c_{\bm{k}_++},c_{\bm{k}_+-},c^{\dag}_{-\bm{k}_-+},c^{\dag}_{-\bm{k}_--})^T$.
In each component, the Fourier transform is defined using fermion's Matsubara frequency $\omega_n$ as follows;
\begin{equation}
    {\mathscr{G}}(\bm{k},\tau) = \frac{1}{\beta}\sum_{\omega_n} {\mathscr{G}}(\bm{k},\omega_n) e^{-i\omega_n \tau}.
\end{equation}
From this, Green's function in the particle-hole basis is represented by
\begin{equation}
    \mathscr{G}(\bm{k},\omega_n) = \begin{bmatrix}
      G({\bm{k}_+},\omega_n)  &   -F(\bm{k},\omega_n) \\
      -F^\dag(\bm{k},\omega_n)  &   -G^T(-{\bm{k}_-},-\omega_n)
    \end{bmatrix}.
\end{equation}
In the equation, the normal and anomalous Green's functions are defined as follows;
\begin{align}
    G_{\lambda\lambda'}(\bm{k},\tau) &= -\langle T_{\tau} c_{{\bm{k}}\lambda}(\tau)c^\dag_{{\bm{k}}\lambda'}(0) \rangle, \\
    F_{\lambda\lambda'}(\bm{k},\tau) &=\langle T_{\tau} c_{\bm{k}_+\lambda}(\tau)c_{-\bm{k}_-\lambda'}(0) \rangle.
\end{align}
{These Green's functions are proportional to  $\delta_{\lambda\lambda'}$ by the assumption of the vanishing interband pairing.
Thus, we write $G_{\lambda\lambda'}(\bm{k},\tau)=G_\lambda(\bm{k},\tau)\delta_{\lambda\lambda'}$ and so on.}
After some calculations, we obtain Gor'kov equations,
\begin{align}
    (i\omega_n - \xi_{\lambda}(\bm{k}_+)) G_\lambda({\bm{k}_+},\omega_n) +\Delta_{0\lambda} F^\dag_\lambda(\bm{k},\omega_n) &= 1, \\
    (i\omega_n + \xi_\lambda(-\bm{k}_-))F^\dag_\lambda(\bm{k},\omega_n) + \Delta^\dag_{0\lambda}G_\lambda({\bm{k}_+},\omega_n)&=0.
\end{align}

The normal and anomalous Green's functions are obtained as

\begin{align}
    G_{\lambda}&({\pm\bm{k}_\pm},\omega_n) \notag\\
    &= \frac{i\omega_n + \xi_\lambda(\mp\bm{k}_\mp)}{(i\omega_n - \xi_\lambda(\pm\bm{k}_\pm))(i\omega_n + \xi_\lambda(\mp\bm{k}_\mp)) - |\Delta_{0\lambda}|^2},
\end{align}
and

\begin{align}
    F_{\lambda}&(\bm{k},\omega_n) \notag \\
    &= -\frac{\Delta_{0\lambda}(\bm{k},q)}{(i\omega_n - \xi_\lambda(\bm{k}_+))(i\omega_n + \xi_\lambda(-\bm{k}_-)) - |\Delta_{0\lambda}|^2}.
\end{align}

Then, we take into account the impurity effect. Here, we consider scattering by nonmagnetic impurities,
\begin{equation} \mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{imp}} = \frac{1}{V}\sum_{\bm{k}\bm{k'}\sigma} U_{\mathrm{imp}} (\bm{k} - \bm{k}') c^\dag_{\bm{k}\sigma}c_{\bm{k'}\sigma}.
\end{equation}
This impurity Hamiltonian is described in the band basis as follows,
\begin{align}
& \mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{imp}} = \frac{1}{V}\sum_{\substack{\bm{k}\bm{k'}\\ \lambda\lambda'}} U_{\mathrm{imp}} (\bm{k} - \bm{k}') w_{\lambda \lambda'}(\bm{k},\bm{k'})c^\dag_{\bm{k}\lambda}c_{\bm{k'}\lambda'}, \\
& w_{\lambda \lambda'}(\bm{k},\bm{k'}) = \sum_{\lambda''}u_{\lambda\lambda''}^*(\bm{k})u_{\lambda''\lambda'}(\bm{k}').

\end{align}
We assume a random distribution of isotropic impurities with $U_{\mathrm{imp}} (\bm{k} - \bm{k}') = U_0$ and a concentration $n_{\mathrm{imp}}$ and coarse-grain impurities. By applying the self-consistent Born approximation, we obtain the following equation,
\begin{equation}
    (\check{\mathcal{G}}_0^{-1} - \check{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{imp}})\check{\mathcal{G}} = \check{1}.
\end{equation}
By solving this equation, we obtain the Green's function and impurity self-energy by,
\begin{align}
\check{\mathcal{G}}^{-1}_0 (\bm{k},\omega_n) &= \begin{bmatrix}
    i\omega_n - \hat{\xi}(\bm{k}_+) & -\hat{\Delta}_0\\
    -\hat{\Delta}_0^\dag & i\omega_n + \hat{\xi}(-\bm{k}_-)
    \end{bmatrix}, \\
    \check{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{imp}}(\bm{k},\omega_n) &= \frac{n_{\mathrm{imp}}U_0^2}{V} \sum_{\bm{k}'}\check{W}(\bm{k},\bm{k}')\check{\mathcal{G}}(\bm{k}',\omega_n)\check{W}(\bm{k}',\bm{k}),
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
    \check{W}(\bm{k},\bm{k'}) &= \begin{bmatrix}
      \hat{w}(\bm{k}_+,\bm{k'}_+) & 0 \\
      0 & -\hat{w}^T(-\bm{k}'_-,-\bm{k}_-)
    \end{bmatrix}.
\end{align}
In the absence of impurities, Green's function is band-diagonal.
Therefore, we take account of the intraband scattering.
Based on this requirement, we calculate the impurity self-energy as
\begin{align}
\check{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{imp}}(\omega_n) = \begin{bmatrix}
    \hat{\Sigma}^+_1(\omega_n) &\hat{\Sigma}_2(\omega_n) \\
    \hat{\Sigma}_2^*(\omega_n) & -\hat{\Sigma}^-_1(-\omega_n)
    \end{bmatrix},
\end{align}
where each component is represented by
\begin{align}
    \hat{\Sigma}_1^\pm(\omega_n) &= \frac{n_{\mathrm{imp}}U_0^2}{2V}\hat{\tau}_0\sum_{\bm{k}\lambda} {G_{\lambda}(\pm\bm{k}_\pm,\omega_n),}\\

    \hat{\Sigma}_2(\omega_n) &= \frac{n_{\mathrm{imp}}U_0^2}{2V}\hat{\tau}_0\sum_{\bm{k}\lambda} F_{\lambda}(\bm{k},\omega_n).
\end{align}
Here, $\hat{\tau}_0$ represents the unit matrix in the helicity band basis.  By solving the Gor'kov equation, the impurity averaged Green's functions are expressed as
\begin{align}
    G_{\lambda}&({\pm}\bm{k}_\pm,\omega_n) = \notag\\
    & \frac{i\tilde{\omega}_n + \xi_\lambda({\mp}\bm{k}_\mp)}{(i\tilde{\omega}_n - \xi_\lambda({\pm}\bm{k}_{{\pm}}))(i\tilde{\omega}_n + \xi_\lambda({\mp}\bm{k}_{{\mp}})) - |D_\lambda(\omega_n)|^2},
\end{align}
\begin{align}
    F_{\lambda}&(\bm{k},\omega_n) = \notag \\
    & -\frac{D_\lambda(\omega_n)}{(i\tilde{\omega}_n - \xi_\lambda(\bm{k}_+))(i\tilde{\omega}_n + \xi_\lambda({-}\bm{k}_-)) - |D_\lambda(\omega_n)|^2}.
\end{align}
We include the real part of $\Sigma_1$ into the chemical potential and take the gap function to be real without loss of generality. The impurity effects are obtained by solving the following self-consistent equations,
\begin{widetext}
\begin{align}\label{eq:self-born1}
    \tilde{\omega}_n &= \omega_n + \frac{n_{\mathrm{imp}}U^2_0}{2V} \sum_{\bm{k}\lambda}\frac{\tilde{\omega}_n(\tilde{\omega}^2_n+|D_\lambda(\omega_n)|^2+\xi^2_\lambda(-\bm{k}_-))}{(\tilde{\omega}_n^2+|D_\lambda(\omega_n)|^2+\xi_\lambda(\bm{k}_+)\xi_\lambda(-\bm{k}_-))^2+\tilde{\omega}_n^2(\xi_\lambda(\bm{k}_+)-\xi_\lambda({-}\bm{k}_-))^2}, \\
    D_\lambda(\omega_n) &= \Delta_{0\lambda}(q) +\frac{n_{\mathrm{imp}}U^2_0}{2V}\sum_{\bm{k}\lambda}\frac{D_\lambda(\omega_n)(\tilde{\omega}^2_n+|D_\lambda(\omega_n)|^2+\xi_\lambda(\bm{k}_+)\xi_\lambda(-\bm{k}_-))}{(\tilde{\omega}_n^2+|D_\lambda(\omega_n)|^2+\xi_\lambda(\bm{k}_+)\xi_\lambda(-\bm{k}_-))^2+\tilde{\omega}_n^2(\xi_\lambda(\bm{k}_+)-\xi_\lambda(-\bm{k}_-))^2}.\label{eq:self-born2}
\end{align}
\end{widetext}
Solving the self-consistent equations numerically, we obtain the normal and anomalous Green's functions, impurity self-energy, and gap function as functions of the Cooper-pair momentum $q$.
The electric current is calculated by using the Green's function as follows,
\begin{align}
    J_x(q) &= \frac{1}{V}\sum_{\bm{k}n\lambda}v_{\lambda}({\bm{k}_+})G_\lambda({\bm{k}_+},\omega_n), \\
    v_\lambda(\bm{k})&=\partial_{k_x}\xi_\lambda(\bm{k}).
\end{align}
The obtained electric current is the supercurrent without dissipation because the electric field is zero in the above formulation.
Therefore, the superconducting critical current corresponds to the maximum (minimum) value of the electric current and is calculated by
\begin{align}
    J_\mathrm{c}(+) &= \max_{q}J_x(q), \\
    J_\mathrm{c}(-) &= \min_{q}J_x(q).
\end{align}
Consequently, the nonreciprocity in the superconducting critical current is defined as
\begin{equation}\label{eqs:diode}
    \Delta J_\mathrm{c} \equiv J_\mathrm{c}(+) - |J_\mathrm{c}(-)|.
\end{equation}
Using these equations, the diode quality factor $r$, an index for evaluating the performance of the SDE, can be expressed as follows,
\begin{equation}\label{eqs:r}
r \equiv \frac{\Delta J_\mathrm{c}}{2\bar{J_\mathrm{c}}} = \frac{\Delta J_\mathrm{c}}{J_\mathrm{c}(+) {+} |J_\mathrm{c}(-)|}.
\end{equation}
Since no current flows in equilibrium, the Cooper-pair momentum $q_0$ in the stable helical superconducting state is obtained by the equation
\begin{equation}\label{eq:helical}
    J_x(q_0) = 0.
\end{equation}

\section{Nonreciprocal critical current}\label{sec:Result}
In this paper, we focus on the SDE in the low-temperature region~\cite{Daido2022-wb,Daido2022-gp}.
The main features of the intrinsic SDE in the clean limit are the enhanced SDE just below and within the crossover regime of helical superconductivity as well as the sign reversal(s) in the crossover region. We are interested in whether and how these properties are modified in moderately-clean and weakly-disordered noncentrosymmetric superconductors.
Note that the large SDE just below the onset of the crossover is a unique feature of the low-temperature SDE and has not been explored in disordered systems so far.
Such behavior is absent or subtle near the transition temperature due to the vanishing $H$-linear SDE in the GL regime of $s$-wave superconductors~\cite{Ilic2022-la}.

To study the low-temperature SDE in disordered systems, we set $T = 0.01$ in this paper, which is much lower than the transition temperature $T_\mathrm{c} \simeq 0.0389$ in our unit $t=1$.
We show in Fig.~\ref{fig:H_diode} the magnetic-field dependence of the nonreciprocal critical current $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$ [Eq.~\eqref{eqs:diode}] for several impurity concentrations.
The impurity effects are parameterized by $(\tau T_\mathrm{c})^{-1}$ as usual, where $\tau$ is the lifetime in the normal state defined by
\begin{align}
\tau^{-1} = \pi n_{\mathrm{imp}}U^2_0N_\mathrm{F},
\end{align}
where $N_{\mathrm{F}}=\frac{1}{2V}\sum_{\bm{k}\lambda}\delta[\xi_{\lambda}(\bm{k})]$ is the density of states at the Fermi level.

We first discuss the moderately clean case,
$(\tau T_\mathrm{c})^{-1}=0.1$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:H_diode}.
The nonreciprocal critical current increases with the magnetic field for $H<0.05$, and it shows a peak, reaching a maximum value at a magnetic field $H=0.05$.
When the magnetic field further increases, the nonreciprocal critical current  rapidly decreases, and the sign turns negative. As approaching the upper critical field, the magnitude of the nonreciprocal critical current gradually decreases.
This magnetic-field dependence of the SDE is in good agreement with the previous studies in the clean limit~\cite{Daido2022-wb,Daido2022-gp,Ilic2022-la}.
In particular, the sign change in the SDE is robust against a small impurity concentration.
Therefore, the sign reversal phenomenon in the intrinsic SDE should be observed not only in the clean limit but also in moderately-clean superconductors.

When the impurity concentration is further increased, both $|J_\mathrm{c}(+)|$ and $|J_\mathrm{c}(-)|$ generally become small, and therefore $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$ also gets suppressed as an overall tendency [$1/T_\mathrm{c}\tau=0.4,\,1$ and $2$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:H_diode}].
Nevertheless, the SDE is still enhanced by increasing the magnetic field as in the moderately-clean case. Thus, the peaked SDE under the moderate magnetic field is clarified to be a general feature of clean and weakly-disordered Rashba superconductors.
Another intriguing feature in the weakly-disordered region is the sign-reversing region of $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}(H)$ becomes hardly visible: After reaching its peak, $J_\mathrm{c}(H)$ is suppressed and never takes a large value with the opposite sign in contrast to the moderately-clean case.

In order to consider the relationship between the SDE and helical superconductivity pointed out in Ref.~\onlinecite{Daido2022-wb}, we show in Fig.~\ref{fig:helical} the magnetic-field dependence of the Cooper-pair momentum $q_0$ in equilibrium [Eq.~\eqref{eq:helical}].
For a small impurity concentration $(T_\mathrm{c} \tau)^{-1}=0.1$, the Cooper-pair momentum $q_0$ shows a rapid increase above $H=0.06$.
This is the crossover from the weakly to strongly helical states,
where the nature of helical superconductivity changes as increasing the magnetic field~\cite{Daido2022-wb,Smidman2017-hv,Dimitrova2007-gl,Kaur2005-aj}. The low-field phase is essentially two-band superconductivity, while the high-field phase is sustained by one of the Rashba-split Fermi surfaces.
Figure~\ref{fig:helical} shows the shift of the crossover field to the high-field region by increasing disorders.
From the comparison of Figs.~\ref{fig:H_diode} and \ref{fig:helical}, we find that the starting point of the crossover coincides with the peak position of $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$ shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:H_diode}.
These results support the claim of the previous study that shows the close relationship
between the giant intrinsic SDE and the crossover phenomenon~\cite{Daido2022-gp,Daido2022-wb,Ilic2022-la}.

Here we discuss the diode quality factor $r$ defined in Eq.~\eqref{eqs:r} (see Fig.~\ref{fig:q-factor}).
As is clear from the definition, the diode quality factor shows a similar magnetic field dependence to the nonreciprocal critical current $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$.
In particular, the peak position shifts to the higher magnetic field as the impurity concentration increases.
Interestingly, the maximum value of $r$ increases with disorders in contrast to the case of $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$.  This is because the averaged critical current is decreased by disorders more significantly than the nonreciprocal critical current. In this sense, the diode quality factor is enhanced by disorders, and it exceeds $r \simeq 20\%$ at $(\tau T_\mathrm{c})^{-1}=2$.
The stronger suppression of the averaged critical current $\bar{J}_c$ leads to a sizable diode quality factor even under high magnetic fields for weakly-disordered cases, in contrast to $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$.
Thus, the sign reversals of the quality factor are observed for $1/T_\mathrm{c}\tau=1$ and $2$.

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{H_dept_v4.pdf}
    \caption{The magnetic field dependence of the nonreciprocal critical current $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$ at $T=0.01$, which is much lower than the transition temperature $T_\mathrm{c} \simeq 0.0389$. Each colored line with circles represents $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}(H)~$ for impurity concentrations corresponding to $(T_\mathrm{c} \tau)^{-1}=0.1$, $0.4$, $1$, $2$.
    }
    \label{fig:H_diode}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{Helical_v3.pdf}
    \caption{The magnetic field dependence of the Cooper-pair momentum $q_0$ in the equilibrium state at $T=0.01$.
    }
    \label{fig:helical}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
    \centering
\includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{r_new_v4.pdf}
    \caption{The magnetic field dependence of the SDE quality factor $r$ at $T=0.01$.
    }
    \label{fig:q-factor}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and Discussion}
In this paper, we have studied the superconducting diode effect in $s$-wave noncentrosymmetric superconductors with nonmagnetic impurities.
We have derived the Gor'kov equation for the current flowing state in the Rashba-Zeeman model and taken into account the impurity effect by using the self-consistent Born approximation.
We have revealed that the sign reversal of the diode effect is obtained not only in the clean limit but also in the moderately-clean systems, highlighting its feasibility as the probe of clean helical superconductors.
By further increasing the disorder strength,
on the other hand, the sign-reversed region gets suppressed.
Thus, the characteristic magnetic field for the crossover phenomenon to occur can be detected by the intrinsic SDE even in the absence of the sign reversal.
We also found that the diode quality factor is enhanced by disorders.
Since the diode quality factor is an index for the performance of SDE, our results indicate that a moderate impurity concentration optimizes the SDE.

Here we make a remark on the system studied in this paper.
we calculated the SDE for impurity concentration from a nearly clean region $(\tau T_\mathrm{c})^{-1}=0.1$ to a moderately dirty region $(\tau T_\mathrm{c})^{-1}=2$ focusing on the disorder effects on the crossover of helical superconductivity.
The study of SDE in the dirty limit, where such crossover phenomenon is absent, is beyond the scope of this paper and is left for an intriguing future issue.

In the end, we comment on the detection of helical superconductivity by using the SDE.
The key factor in the detection of helical superconductivity is how to measure the spatially modulated order parameter as an observable.
One possible solution is to detect phase-sensitive phenomena such as the Josephson effect~\cite{Kaur2005-aj}.
Another possible detection may be observing phenomena related to the finite momentum of Cooper pairs, by controlling it using the supercurrent.
Examples of the latter are the SDE and piezoelectric effect, which indeed drastically change by acquiring large Cooper-pair momentum~\cite{Daido2022-gp,Daido2022-wb,Chazono2022-rp}.
When the intrinsic SDE is realized in clean noncentrosymmetric superconductors, the sign reversal of $\Delta J_\mathrm{c}$ is strong evidence of the helical crossover, namely, drastic change in the nature of helical superconductivity.
The results presented in this paper indicate
that the sign reversal might be difficult to observe in dirty superconductors compared with clean superconductors.
However, the peak in the nonreciprocal critical current signifies the helical-superconductivity crossover, and therefore, we can probe the helical superconductivity even in the moderately dirty region.

\begin{acknowledgements}
We thank fruitful discussions with Teruo Ono, Yuta Miyasaka, Ryo Kawarazaki, Hideki Narita, Jun Ishizuka, and Shuntaro Sumita. YI thanks Yoshihiro Michishita for the technical advice. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (Grants No.~JP18H01178, No.~JP18H05227, No.~JP20H05159, No.~JP21K18145, No.~JP21K13880, No.~JP22H04476, No.~JP22H01181, No.~JP22H04933), SPIRITS 2020 of Kyoto University, JSPS research fellowship, and WISE program MEXT.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Breaking_Dawn (10. WHY DIDN'T I JUST WALK AWAY? OH RIGHT, BECAUSE)
I felt like – like I don't know what. Like this wasn't real. Like I was in some Goth version of a bad sitcom. Instead of being the AAdweeb about to ask the head cheerleader to the prom, I was the finished-second-place werewolf about to ask the vampire's wife to shack up and procreate. Nice.
No, I wouldn't do it. It was twisted and wrong. I was going to forget all about what he'd said.
But I would talk to her. I'd try to make her listen to me.
And she wouldn't. Just like always.
Edward didn't answer or comment on my thoughts as he led the way back to the house. I wondered about the place that he'd chosen to stop. Was it far enough from the house that the others couldn't hear his whispers? Was that the point?
Maybe. When we walked through the door, the other Cullens' eyes were suspicious and confused. No one looked disgusted or outraged. So they must not have heard either favor Edward had asked me for.
I hesitated in the open doorway, not sure what to do now. It was better right there, with a little bit of breathable air blowing in from outside.
Edward walked into the middle of the huddle, shoulders stiff. Bella watched him anxiously, and then her eyes flickered to me for a second. Then she was watching him again.
Her face turned a grayish pale, and I could see what he meant about the stress making her feel worse.
"We're going tolet Jacob and Bella speak privately," Edward said. There was no inflection at all in his voice. Robotic.
"Over my pile of ashes," Rosalie hissed at him. She was still hovering by Bella's head, one of her cold hands placed possessively on Bella's sallow cheek.
Edward didn't look at her. "Bella," he said in that same empty tone. "Jacob wants to talk to you. Are you afraid to
be alone with him?"
Bella looked at me, confused. Then she looked at Rosalie.
"Rose, it's fine. Jake's not going to hurt us. Go with Edward."
"It might be a trick," the blonde warned.
"I don't see how," Bella said.
"Carlisle and I will always be in your sight, Rosalie," Edward said. The emotionless voice was cracking, showing the anger through it. "We're the ones she's afraid of."
"No," Bella whispered. Her eyes were glistening, her lashes wet. "No, Edward. I'm not___"
He shook his head, smiling a little. The smile was painful to look at. "I didn't mean it that way, Bella. I'm fine. Don't worry about me."
Sickening. He was right – she was beating herself up about hurting his feelings. The girl was a classic martyr. She'd totally been born in the wrong century. She should have lived back when she could have gotten herself fed to some lions for a good cause.
"Everyone," Edward said, his hand stiffly motioning toward the door. "Please."
The composure he was trying to keep up for Bella was shaky. I could see how close he was to that burning man he'd been outside. The others saw it, too. Silently, they moved out the door while I shifted out of the way. They moved fast; my heart beat twice, and the room was cleared except for Rosalie, hesitating in the middle of the floor, and Edward, still waiting by the door.
"Rose," Bella said quietly. "I want you to go."
The blonde glared at Edward and then gestured for him to go first. He disappeared out the door. She gave me a long warning glower, and then she disappeared, too.
Once we were alone, I crossed the room and sat on the floor next to Bella. I took both her cold hands in mine, rubbing them carefully.
"Thanks, Jake. That feels good."
"I'm not going to lie, Bells. You're hideous."
"I know," she sighed. Tm scary-looking."
"Thing-from-the-swamp scary," I agreed.
She laughed. "It's so good having you here. It feels nice to smile. I don't know how much more drama I can stand."
I rolled my eyes.
"Okay, okay," she agreed. "I bring it on myself."
"Yeah, you do. What're you thinking, Bells? Seriously!"
"Did he ask you to yell at me?"
"Sort of. Though I can't figure why he thinks you'd listen to me. You never have before."
She sighed.
"I told you – ," I started to say.
"Did you know that 7 told you so' has a brother, Jacob?" she asked, cutting me off. "His name is 'Shut the hell up."
"Good one."
She grinned at me. Her skin stretched tight over the bones. "I can't take credit – i got it off a rerun of The Simpsons"
"Missed that one."
"It was funny."
We didn't talk for a minute. Her hands were starting to warm up a little.
"Did he really ask you to talk to me?"
I nodded. "To talk some sense into you. There's a battle that's lost before it starts."
"So why did you agree?"
I didn't answer. I wasn't sure I knew.
I did know this – every second I spent with her was only going to add to the pain I would have to suffer later. Like a junkie with a limited supply, the day of reckoning was coming for me. The more hits I took now, the harder it would be when my supply ran out.
"It'll work out, you know," she said after a quiet minute. "I believe that."
That made me see red again. "Is dementia one of your symptoms?" I snapped.
She laughed, though my anger was so real that my hands were shaking around hers.
"Maybe," she said. Tm not saying things will work out easily, Jake. But how could I have lived through all that I've lived through and not believe in magic by this point?"
"Magic?"
"Especially for you," she said. She was smiling. She pulled one of her hands away from mine and pressed it against my cheek. Warmer than before, but it felt cool against my skin, like most things did. "More than anyone else, you've got some magic waiting to make things right for you."
"What are you babbling about?"
Still smiling. "Edward told me once what it was like – your imprinting thing. He said it was like A Midsummer Night's Dream, like magic. You'll find who you're really looking for, Jacob, and maybe then all of this will make sense."
If she hadn't looked so fragile I would've been screaming.
As it was, I did growl at her.
"If you think that imprinting could ever make sense of this insanity …" I struggled for words. "Do you really think that just because I might someday imprint on some stranger it would make this right?" I jabbed a finger toward her swollen body. "Tell me what the point was then, Bella! What was the point of me loving you? What was the point of you loving him? When you die" – the words were a snarl – "how is that ever right again? What's the point to all the pain? Mine, yours, his! You'll kill him, too, not that I care about that." She flinched, but I kept going. "So what was the
point of your twisted love story, in the end? If there is any sense, please show me, Bella, because I don't see it."
She sighed. "I don't know yet, Jake. But I just… feel… that this is all going somewhere good, hard to see as it is now. I guess you could call it faith."
"You're dying for nothing, Bella! Nothing!"
Her hand dropped from my face to her bloated stomach, caressed it. She didn't have to say the words for me to know what she was thinking. She was dying for it.
I'm not going to die," she said through her teeth, and I could tell she was repeating things she'd said before. "I will keep my heart beating. I'm strong enough for that."
"That's a load of crap, Bella. You've been trying to keep up with the supernatural for too long. No normal person can do it. You're not strong enough." I took her face in my hand. I didn't have to remind myself to be gentle. Everything about her screamed breakable.
"I can do this. I can do this," she muttered, sounding a lot like that kids' book about the little engine that could.
"Doesn't look like it to me. So what's your plan? I hope you have one."
She nodded, not meeting my eyes. "Did you know Esme jumped off a cliff? When she was human, I mean."
"So she was close enough to dead that they didn't even bother taking her to the emergency room – they took her right around to the morgue. Her heart was still beating, though, when Carlisle found her___"
That's what she'd meant before, about keeping her heart beating.
"You're not planning on surviving this human," I stated dully.
"No. I'm not stupid." She met my stare then. "I guess you probably have your own opinion on that point, though."
"Emergency vampirization," I mumbled.
"It worked for Esme. And Emmett, and Rosalie, and even Edward. None of them were in such great shape. Carlisle only changed them because it was that or death. He doesn't end lives, he saves them."
I felt a sudden twinge of guilt about the good vampire doctor, like before. I shoved the thought away and started in on the begging.
"Listen to me, Bells. Don't do it that way." Like before, when the call from Charlie had come, I could see how much difference it really made to me. I realized I needed her to stay alive, in some form. In any form. I took a deep breath. "Don't wait until it's too late, Bella. Not that way. Live. Okay? Just live. Don't do this to me. Don't do it to him." My voice got harder, louder. "You know what he's going to do when you die. You've seen it before. You want him to go back to those Italian killers?" She cringed into the sofa.
I left out the part about how that wouldn't be necessary this time.
Struggling to make my voice softer, I asked, "Remember when I got mangled up by those newborns? What did you tell me?"
I waited, but she wouldn't answer. She pressed her lips together.
"You told me to be good and listen to Carlisle," I reminded her. "And what did I do? I listened to the vampire. For
"You listened because it was the right thing to do."
"Okay – pick either reason."
She took a deep breath. "It's not the right thing now." Her gaze touched her big round stomach and she whispered under her breath, "I won't kill him."
My hands shook again. "Oh, I hadn't heard the great news. A bouncing baby boy, huh? Shoulda brought some blueballoons."
Her face turned pink. The color was so beautiful – it twisted in my stomach like a knife. A serrated knife, rusty and ragged.
I was going to lose this. Again.
"I don't know he's a boy," she admitted, a little sheepish. "The ultrasound wouldn't work. The membrane around the baby is too hard – like their skin. So he's a little mystery. But I always see a boy in my head."
"It's not some pretty baby in there, Bella."
"We'll see," she said. Almost smug.
"You won't," I snarled.
"You're very pessimistic, Jacob. There is definitely a chance that I might walk away from this."
I couldn't answer. I looked down and breathed deep and slow, trying to get a grip on my fury.
"Jake," she said, and she patted my hair, stroked my cheek. "It's going to be okay. Shh. it's okay."
I didn't look up. "No. It will not be okay."
She wiped something wet from my cheek. "Shh."
"What's the deal, Bella?" I stared at the pale carpet. My bare feet were dirty, leaving smudges. Good. "I thought the whole point was that you wanted your vampire more than anything. And now you're just giving him up? That doesn't make any sense. Since when are you desperate to be a mom? If you wanted that so much, why did you marry a vampire?"
I was dangerously close to that offer he wanted me to make. I could see the words taking me that way, but I couldn't change their direction.
She sighed. "It's not like that. I didn't really care about having a baby. I didn't even think about it. It's not just having a baby. It's… well… this baby."
"It's a killer, Bella. Look at yourself."
"He's not. It's me. I'm just weak and human. But I can tough this out, Jake, I can – "
"Aw, come on! Shut up, Bella. You can spout this crap to your bloodsucker, but you're not fooling me. You know you're not going to make it."
She glared at me. "I do not know that. I'm worried about it, sure."
"Worriedabout it," I repeated through my teeth.
She gasped then and clutched at her stomach. My fury vanished like a light switch being turned off.
"I'm fine," she panted. It's nothing."
But I didn't hear; her hands had pulled her sweatshirt to the side, and I stared, horrified, at the skin it exposed. Her stomach looked like it was stained with big splotches of purple-black ink.
She saw my stare, and she yanked the fabric back in place.
"He's strong, that's all," she said defensively.
The ink spots were bruises.
I almost gagged, and I understood what he'd said, about watching it hurt her. Suddenly, I felt a little crazy myself.
"Bella," I said.
She heard the change in my voice. She looked up, still breathing heavy, her eyes confused.
"Bella, don't do this:'
"Jake – "
"Listen to me. Don't get your back up yet. Okay? Just listen. What if… ?"
"What if what?"
"What if this wasn't a one-shot deal? What if it wasn't all or nothing? What if you just listened to Carlisle like a good girl, and kept yourself alive?"
"I won't – "
"I'm not done yet. So you stay alive. Then you can start over. This didn't work out. Try again."
She frowned. She raised one hand and touched the place where my eyebrows were mashing together. Her fingers smoothed my forehead for a moment while she tried to make sense of it.
"I don't understand…. What do you mean, try again? You can't think Edward would let me… ? And what difference would it make? I'm sure any baby – "
"Yes," I snapped. "Any kid of his would be the same."
Her tired face just got more confused. "What?"
But I couldn't say any more. There was no point. I would never be able to save her from herself. I'd never been able to do that.
Then she blinked, and I could see she got it.
"Oh. Ugh. Please, Jacob. You think I should kill my baby and replace it with some generic substitute? Artificial insemination?" She was mad now. "Why would I want to have some stranger's baby? I suppose it just doesn't make a difference? Any baby will do?"
"I didn't mean that," I muttered. "Not a stranger."
She leaned forward. "Then what are you saying?"
"Nothing. I'm saying nothing. Same as ever."
"Where did that come from?"
"Forget it, Bella."
She frowned, suspicious. "Did he tell you to say that?"
I hesitated, surprised that she'd made that leap so quick. "No."
"He did, didn't he?"
"No, really. He didn't say anything about artificial whatever."
Her face softened then, and she sank back against the pillows, looking exhausted. She stared off to the side when she spoke, not talking to me at all. "He would do anything forme. And I'm hurting him so much…. But what is he thinking? That I would trade this" – her hand traced across her belly – "for some stranger's …" She mumbled the last part, and then her voice trailed off. Her eyes were wet.
"You don't have to hurt him," I whispered. It burned like poison in my mouth to beg for him, but I knew this angle was probably my best bet for keeping her alive. Still a thousand-to-one odds. "You could make him happy again, Bella. And I really think he's losing it. Honestly, I do."
She didn't seem to be listening; her hand made small circles on her battered stomach while she chewed on her lip. It was quiet for a long time. I wondered if the Cullens were very far away. Were they listening to my pathetic attempts to reason with her?
"Not a stranger?" she murmured to herself. I flinched. "What exactly did Edward say to you?" she asked in a low voice.
"Nothing. He just thought you might listen to me."
"Not that. About trying again."
Her eyes locked on mine, and I could see that I'd already given too much away.
"Nothing."
Her mouth fell open a little. "Wow."
It was silent for a few heartbeats. I looked down at my feet again, unable to meet her stare.
"He really would do anything, wouldn't he?" she whispered.
"I told you he was going crazy. Literally, Bells."
"I'm surprised you didn't tell on him right away. Get him in trouble."
When I looked up, she was grinning.
"Thought about it." I tried to grin back, but I could feel the smile mangle on my face.
She knew what I was offering, and she wasn't going to think twice about it. I'd known that she wouldn't. But it still stung.
"There isn't much you wouldn't do for me, either, is there?" she whispered. "I really don't know why you bother. I don't deserve either of you."
"It makes no difference, though, does it?"
"Not this time." She sighed. "I wish I could explain it to you right so that you would understand. I can't hurthim" – she pointed to her stomach – "any more than I could pick up a gun and shoot you. I love him."
"Why do you always have to love the wrong things, Bella?"
"I don't think I do."
I cleared the lump out of my throat so that I could make my voice hard like I wanted it. 'Trust me."
I started to get to my feet.
"Where are you going?"
"I'm not doing any good here."
She held out her thin hand, pleading. "Don't go."
I could feel the addiction sucking at me, trying to keep me near her.
"I don't belong here. I've got to get back."
"Why did you come today?" she asked, still reaching limply.
"Just to see if you were really alive. I didn't believe you were sick like Charlie said."
I couldn't tell from her face whether she bought that or not.
"Will you come back again? Before …"
"I'm not going to hang around and watch you die,Bella."
She flinched. "You're right, you're right. You should go."
I headed for the door.
"Bye," she whispered behind me. "Love you, Jake."
I almost went back. I almost turned around and fell down on my knees and started begging again. But I knew that I had to quitBella, quit her cold turkey, before she killed me, like she was going to kill him.
"Sure, sure," I mumbled on my way out.
I didn't see any of the vampires. I ignored my bike, standing all alone in the middle of the meadow. It wasn't fast enough for me now. My dad would be freaked out – Sam, too. What would the pack make of the fact that they hadn't heard me phase? Would they think the Cullens got me before I'd had the chance? I stripped down, not caring who might be watching, and started running. I blurred into wolf mid-stride.
They were waiting. Of course they were.
Jacob, Jake,eight voices chorused in relief.
Come homenow, the Alpha voice ordered. Sam was furious.
I felt Paul fade out, and i knew Billy and Rachel were waiting to hear what had happened to me. Paul was too anxious to give them the good news that I wasn't vampire chow to listen to the whole story.
I didn't have to tell the pack I was on my way – they could see the forest blurring past me as I sprinted for home. I didn't have to tell them that I was half-past crazy, either. The sickness in my head was obvious.
They saw all the horror – Bella's mottled stomach; her raspy voice; he's strong, that's all: the burning man in Edward's face: watching her sicken and waste away… seeing it hurting her, Rosalie crouched over Bella's limp body: Bella's life means nothing to her – and for once, no one had anything to say.
Their shock was just a silent shout in my head. Wordless.
I was halfway home before anyone recovered. Then they all started running to meet me.
It was almost dark – the clouds covered the sunset completely. I risked darting across the freeway and made it without being seen.
We met up about ten miles out of La Push, in a clearing left by the loggers. It was out of the way, wedged between two spurs of the mountain, where no one would see us. Paul found them when I did, so the pack was complete.
The babble in my head was total chaos. Everyone shouting at once.
Sam's hackles were sticking straight up, and he was growling in an unbroken stream as he paced back and forth around the top of the ring. Paul and Jared moved like shadows behind him, their ears flat against the sides of their head. The whole circle was agitated, on their feet and snarling in low bursts.
At first their anger was undefined, and I thought I was in for it. I was too messed up to care about that. They could do whatever they wanted to me for circumventing orders.
And then the unfocused confusion of thoughts began to move together.
How can this be? What does it mean? What will it be?
Not safe. Not right. Dangerous.
Unnatural. Monstrous. An abomination.
We can't allow it.
The pack was pacing in synchronization now, thinking in synchronization, all but myself and one other. I sat beside whichever brother it was, too dazed to look over with either my eyes or my mind and see who was next to me, while the pack circled around us.
The treaty does not cover this.
This puts everyone in danger.
I tried to understand the spiraling voices, tried to follow the curling pathway the thoughts made to see where they were leading, but it wasn't making sense. The pictures in the center of their thoughts were my pictures – the very worst of them. Bella's bruises, Edward's face as he burned.
They fear it, too.
But they won't do anything about it
Protecting Bella Swan.
We can't let that influence us.
The safety of our families, of everyone here, is more important than one human.
If they won't kill it, we have to.
Protect the tribe.
Protect our families.
We have to kill it before it's too late.
Another of my memories, Edward's words this time: The thing is growing. Swiftly.
I struggled to focus, to pick out individual voices.
No time to waste,Jared thought.
It will mean a fight,Embry cautioned. A bad one.
Were ready,Paul insisted.
Well need surprise on our side,Sam thought.
If we catch them divided, we can take them down separately. It will increase our chances of victory, Jared thought, starting to strategize now.
I shook my head, rising slowly to my feet. 1 felt unsteady there – like the circling wolves were making me dizzy. The wolf beside me got up, too. His shoulder pushed against mine, propping me up.
Wait,I thought.
The circling paused for one beat, and then they were pacing again.
There's little time,Sam said.
But – what are you thinking? You wouldn't attack them for breaking the treaty this afternoon. Now you're planning an ambush, when the treaty is still intact?
This is not something our treaty anticipated,Sam said. This is a danger to every human in the area. We don't know what kind of creature the Cullens have bred, but we know that it is strong and fast-growing. And it will be too young to follow any treaty. Remember the newborn vampires we fought? Wild, violent, beyond the reach of reason or restraint. Imagine one like that, but protected by the Cullens.
We don't know – I tried to interrupt.
Wedon't know, he agreed. And we can't take chances with the unknown in this case. We can only allow the Cullens to exist while we're absolutely sure that they can be trusted not to cause harm. This. . . thing cannot be trusted.
They don't like it any more than we do.
Sam pulled Rosalie's face, her protective crouch, from my mind and put it on display for everyone.
Some are ready to fight for it, no matter what it is.
It's just ababy, for crying out loud.
Not for long,Leah whispered.
Jake, buddy, this is a big problem,Quil said. We can't just ignore it.
You're making it into something bigger than it is,I argued. The only one who's in danger here is Bella.
Again by her own choice,Sam said. But this time her choice affects us all.
I don't think so.
We can't take that chance. We won't allow a blood drinker to hunt on our lands.
Then tell them to leave,the wolf who was still supporting me said. It was Seth. Of course.
And inflict the menace on others? When blood drinkers cross our land, we destroy them, no matter where they plan to hunt. We protect everyone we can.
This is crazy,I said. This afternoon you were afraid to put the pack in danger.
This afternoon I didn't know our families were at risk.
I can't believe this! How're you going to kill this creature without killing Bella?
There were no words, but the silence was full of meaning.
I howled. She's human, too! Doesn't our protection apply to her?
She's dying anyway,Leah thought. We'll just shorten the process.
That did it. I leaped away from Seth, toward his sister, with my teeth bared. I was about to catch her left hind leg when I felt Sam's teeth cut into my flank, dragging me back.
I howled in pain and fury and turned on him.
Stop!he ordered in the double timbre of the Alpha.
My legs seemed to buckle under me. I jerked to a halt, only managing to keep on my feet by sheer willpower.
He turned his gaze away from me. You will not be cruel to him, Leah, he commanded her. Bella's sacrifice is a heavy price, and we will all recognize that It is against everything we stand for to take a human life. Making an exception to that code is a bleak thing. We will all mourn for what we do tonight.
Tonight?Seth repeated, shocked. Sam – think we should talk about this some more. Consult with the Elders, at least. You can't seriously mean for us to –
We can't afford your tolerance for the Cullens now. There is no time for debate. Youwilldo as you are told, Seth.
SetfYs front knees folded, and his head fell forward under the weight of the Alpha's command.
Sam paced in a tight circle around the two of us.
We need the whole pack for this. Jacob, you are our strongest fighter. Youwillfight with us tonight. I understand that this is hard for you, so you will concentrate on their fighters – Emmett and Jasper Cullen. You don't have to be involved with the… other part. Quil and Embry will fight with you.
My knees trembled; I struggled to hold myself upright while the voice of the Alpha lashed at my will.
Paul, Jared, and I will take on Edward and Rosalie. I think, from the information Jacob has brought us, they will be the ones guarding Bella. Carlisle and Alice will also be close, possibly Esme. Brady, Collin,
Seth, and Leah will concentrate on them. Whoever has a clear lineon – we all heard him mentally stutter overBella's name – the creature will take it. Destroying the creature is our first priority.
The pack rumbled in nervous agreement.The tension had everyone's fur standing on end. The pacing was quicker, and the sound of the paws against the brackish floor was sharper, toenails tearing into the soil.
Only Seth and I were still, the eye in the center of a storm of bared teeth and flattened ears. Seth's nose was almost touching the ground, bowed under Sam's commands. I felt his pain at the coming disloyalty. For him this was a betrayal – during that one day of alliance, fighting beside Edward Cullen, Seth had truly become the vampire's friend.
There was no resistance in him, however. He would obey no matter how much it hurt him. He had no other
choice.
And what choice did I have? When the Alpha spoke, the pack followed.
Sam had never pushed his authority this far before; I knew he honestly hated to see Seth kneeling before him like a slave at the foot of his master. He wouldn't force this if he didn't believe that he had no other choice. He couldn't lie to us when we were linked mind to mind like this. He really believed it was our duty to destroy Bella and the monster she carried. He really believed we had no time to waste. He believed it enough to die for it.
I saw that he would face Edward himself; Edward's ability to read our thoughts made him the greatest threat in Sam's mind. Sam would not let someone else take on that danger.
He saw Jasper as the second-greatest opponent, which is why he'd given him to me. He knew that I had the best chance of any of the pack to win that fight. He'd left the easiest targets for the younger wolves and Leah. Little Alice was no danger without her future vision to guide her, and we knew from our time of alliance that Esme was not a fighter. Carlisle would be more of a challenge, but his hatred of violence would hinder him.
I felt sicker than Seth as I watched Sam plan it out, trying to work the angles to give each member of the pack the best chance of survival.
Everything was inside out. This afternoon, I'd been chomping at the bit to attack them. But Seth had been right – it wasn't a fight I'd been ready for. I'd blinded myself with that hate. I hadn't let myself look at it carefully, because I must have known what I would see if I did.
Carlisle Cullen. Looking at him without that hate clouding my eyes, I couldn't deny that killing him was murder. He was good. Good as any human we protected. Maybe better. The others, too, I supposed, but I didn't feel as strongly about them. I didn't know them as well. It was Carlisle who would hate fighting back, even to save his own life. That's why we would be able to kill him – because he wouldn't want us, his enemies, to die.
This was wrong.
And it wasn't just because killing Bella felt like killing me, like suicide.
Pull it together, Jacob,Sam ordered. The tribe comes first
I was wrong today, Sam.
Your reasons were wrong then. But now we have a duty to fulfill.
I braced myself. No.
Sam snarled and stopped pacing in front of me. He stared into my eyes and a deep growl slid between his teeth.
Yes,the Alpha decreed, his double voice blistering with the heat of his authority. There are no loopholes tonight. You, Jacob, are going to fight the Cullens with us. You, with Quil and Embry, will take care of Jasper and Emmett. You are obligated to protect the tribe. That is why you exist. You willperform this obligation.
My shoulders hunched as the edict crushed me. My legs collapsed, and I was on my belly under him.
No member of the pack could refuse the Alpha.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


/By Elizabeth Warren/ When the economy crashed just months before President Obama took office, financial institutions had targeted low- and middle-income American families with loans loaded with tricks and traps -- loans that helped drive the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression.
President Obama established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to protect ordinary Americans from being cheated on mortgages, student loans, credit cards, and other financial products -- and I'm proud of the work we did together to make that happen.
We've come a long way since 2008, but there's a lot more to do to make sure American families aren't put at risk by bad actors in the financial system. That's why the CFPB is working on long-awaited rules to rein in payday lenders, and they need your support before the deadline for comments tomorrow night.
Tell the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau by tomorrow's deadline that you support tough rules to stop debt traps once and for all.
If you've ever been in the scary position where you have to live paycheck to paycheck and suddenly had an accident or emergency, you may know just how devastating these short-term, high-cost loans can be -- and just how impossible it can be to be free of them.
Payday lenders that build business models around trapping people in a never-ending cycle of debt are throwing bricks to a drowning man.
To begin with, payday loans are unbelievably expensive, because lenders know those who come to them are desperate. Some payday loans can have an annual interest rate that exceeds 300 percent. That means that people who need small loans often end up paying way more in interest than the amount they borrowed -- and what's worse, they have to take out more loans to repay it.
But it's more than the interest rates. The loans are set up to trap people into a cycle of borrowing, keeping them in debt for months or even years.
The CFPB isn't getting rid of small dollar loans, but it is outlawing the most abusive practices -- and that cuts into profits. I guess it's no surprise that the billion-dollar payday lending industry is throwing everything it has against it.
By law, the CFPB must consider comments before making the rule final. The payday lenders are getting their comments in. How about you? Can you let the CFPB know how you feel about a tough payday lending rule?
Elizabeth Warren (D-Mass.) is a member of the US Senate.


Everyone in Morris County, NJ is represented by 2 senators and 1 representative in Washington DC, and 2 assembly members and 1 state senator in Trenton.
Elected Representatives for Morris County.
Board of Chosen Freeholders. Responsible for governing Morris County. Among their responsibilities are our parks, roads, jail, nursing home and the County Library.
Morris County Clerk's Office. Local election information, online voter registration and absentee ballot applications.
NJ Legislature. State district sends one senator and two assembly people.
NJ League of Women Voters. Voting and election information.


Keter sigma 18 inch outdoor indoor waterproof plastic black shelf 5 tier shelving garden tools home storage. Sturdy and durable.
The shelve is very sturdy even though it is plastic. Very good buy!
Item recieve in good condition.
HI, the height non adjustable.
Hi, its on the qoo10.
Can delivery be arranged at the evening time say after 7pm?


text:
The Catholic Educator
The Priest in Today's Catholic School 2021
Rev. Peter M. J. Stravinskas, Ph.D., S.T.D.
Sr. Elizabeth Anne Allen, OP
Vice-President, Aquinas College (Nashville)Chris Apodaca, M.A.
Instructor of Philosophy, Holy Apostles College & Seminary (Cromwell, CT)
Mary Pat Donoghue
Executive Director, Secretariat of Catholic Education, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
Mario Enzler
Director of Clergy Formation, Busch School of Business, Catholic University of America
Curtis Hancock, Ph.D.
Kevin Kijewski
Superintendent of Schools, Archdiocese of Detroit
Very Rev. James Kuroly
Rector/President of Cathedral Preparatory School and Seminary (Diocese of Brooklyn)
John Lyle
Headmaster Emeritus, St. John Bosco Schools
Sebastian Mahfood, O.P., Ph.D.
Vice-President, Holy Apostles College & Seminary (Cromwell, CT)
Sean Cardinal O'Malley, OFM Cap
Archbishop of Boston
Monsignor Sabato Pilato
Former Superintendent of Secondary Schools and present Pastor, Archdiocese of Los Angeles
Father Christopher Peschel
Chairman of the Mission and Identity Committee of the School Office, Diocese of Fall River
Mark Peterson
CEO, Enterprise Partners
Peter Redpath, Ph.D.
Philosophy Professor Emeritus, St. John's University
Br. Owen Sadlier, O.S.F.
Formation Team, Cathedral Seminary House of Formation
Rev. Msgr. Joseph Schaedel
Pastor of St. Mark's parish in the Archdiocese of Indianapolis
© 2022 Catholic Education Foundation


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Leave the Houthis Alone!
Why are we on the same side as the Saudis – and al Qaeda – in Yemen?
by Justin Raimondo Posted on March 27, 2015 March 27, 2015
Saudi Arabia's US-backed aggression against the sovereignty of Yemen is a textbook example of how local conflicts are internationalized – and become tripwires for regional wars and even global conflagrations.
Like Libya, Yemen is yet another Middle Eastern country that doesn't really exist: it is actually at least two separate countries, perhaps three – the southern provinces, which are primarily Sunni, the northern tribes, who adhere mostly to the Zaydi form of Shi'ite Islam, and the area around Sa'na, the capital, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities on earth, where all Yemen's clashing cultural, political, and religious factions meet.
The north/south division dates back to the nineteenth century British colonization, when, in 1839, the British seized the port city of Aden and administered it as a subset of the Indian Viceroyalty. It became a major trading center after the opening of the Suez canal, and the Brits pushed outward, extending their influence throughout what had been a land perpetually divided between the Ottoman Empire and local imams, including the distinctive Zaydis in the north. In 1911, the Zaydis rose up against the British and their local collaborators, abolished the north/south division negotiated by the British Foreign Office, and established the Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen under Imam Yahya. Yahya's dream was to recreate the ancient Qasamid dynasty, founded in the seventeenth century: a "Greater Yemen" extending into what is today Saudi Arabia as well as the whole of modern Yemen.
In the 1960s, the de-colonization movement in the Arab world took on a Nasserist, socialist form, and this was manifested in Yemen in the form of a coup against the king by Nasserist officers, who then established – after a three-way civil war pitting royalists against republicans against ultra-leftists – the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY), in the south, which became a de facto member of the Soviet bloc, and the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) in the north.
The two Yemens warred with each other constantly – as well enduring violent internal conflicts – reflecting the religious, ideological, and historical differences that have plagued the country for centuries, but agreed to merge in 1990, after the Soviet bloc collapsed and the PDRY was left without Russian subsidies. Yet the "merger" was weak from the very beginning, and old divisions soon reemerged.
The southerners formed a secessionist movement, as did the Zaydis in the north (although they said they only wanted autonomy), and to complicate matters al Qaeda moved into the ensuing chaos – providing the central government in Sa'na with the perfect excuse to ask for outside intervention on its behalf.
As US aid and "advisors" poured into Yemen, the central government used this in order to cement what amounted to a de facto dictatorship. Government troops largely ignored Al Qaeda, which has very little popular support and poses no real threat to the central government's authority, and concentrated their fire on the southern independence movement and especially the Houthi insurgency in the north. The latter – who are now in control of large swathes of the country, and have sent the "president" into hiding – have their origins in the "Believing Youth," which sought to revive the Shi'ite Zaydi religious tradition in order to counter Sunni fundamentalist preachers – precursors of al Qaeda – proselytizing with some success in the north. The Houthi counterinsurgency movement has defied the efforts of both the central government and the Saudis to suppress them, albeit not without considerable losses on their part: thousands of civilians were killed in the conflict, with hundreds of thousands displaced.
In spite of US-based news accounts reporting the current conflict to be between the Saudis and "Iran-backed rebels," the evidence for the Tehran-Houthi connection is tenuous to nonexistent. There is no evidence of Iranian involvement beyond political (i.e. rhetorical) support. Indeed, as Christopher Boucek and Marina Ottoway report in their book, Yemen on the Brink, "some Yemeni officials have confided that such assertions are unfounded." Doctrinal differences between the Zaydi sect of Shi'ism and the Iranians over important theological issues within Islam preclude Tehran from providing any substantial support for the Houthi insurgency beyond mere words. Neoconservative pundits who point to the Houthis' success with alarm mirror the propaganda of al Qaeda, which denounces the Zaydi "takfiris" (apostates) in similarly hysterical terms. The Houthis, for their part, have never attacked Americans or American interests in Yemen, as acknowledged in a series of classified cables sent by the no-longer-present US embassy.
All of which underscores the present conundrum faced by US policymakers in the region. The neocons are screaming that US air strikes in Tikrit are helping the Iranian-commanded Shi'ite militias defeat ISIS, while in Yemen we are backing the Saudis against the supposedly-but-not-actually Iranian-backed Houthis. They are right to point out the obvious contradiction, but wrong in their proposed resolution – which seems to be to play the Sunni card and oppose the Iranians (or, more accurately, the Shi'ites) at every opportunity. Apparently the neocons' calls to smash ISIS have been conveniently forgotten.
As with most of the current problems in the region, it all goes back to the Iraq war. That war handed the Iranians de facto control of Iraq: although the initial plan was for the neocons to anoint their favorites, Ahmed Chalabi and his gang, as the "democratic" rulers of the country, things didn't work out that way (and Chalabi, it turns out, was canoodling with Tehran all along). Instead, the Ayatollah Sistani, chief of the majority Shi'ite sect, threatened an all-out rebellion if direct elections weren't held. The Shi'ite parties won that election, and subsequent elections, and today Iraq is an Iranian ally. That's why thousands of American soldiers and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis had to die – in a war to make Iraq a Shi'ite theocracy.
Now that Iraq is in the Iranian camp, it was only natural they would turn to their Shi'ite allies when ISIS arose to threaten Baghdad. This enraged the neocons, who – forgetting their own role in handing Iraq to the Iranians – are now targeting Tehran. The Iranians are taking care of ISIS for us, precluding US "boots on the ground," much to disappointment of John McCain and Lindsey Graham. It doesn't count as a war in their book unless American blood is being spilled.
The same irony abounds in Yemen, where the Shi'ite Houthis are viscerally hostile to Al Qaeda, and are, indeed, the only indigenous force capable of defeating them and rooting them out. Yet that would preclude a Saudi-US intervention – and we can't have that!
What's happening in Yemen is a local problem, with causes that are strictly confined to the long and tumultuous history of that dirt-poor country. Foreign intervention, whether from the British, the Saudis, al Qaeda, or whomever, has only led to endless war and not improved the lot of the people by one iota. Now the Americans are using the "war on terrorism" to impose their will and re-order the Yemeni polity when they can have no real understanding of what is – or ought to be – going on there. Washington and Riyadh are internationalizing a conflict that is Yemeni in origin, and will only be resolved by the Yemenis themselves.
As I have written on many occasions, the "Sunni turn" – the US playing the "Sunni card" in Iraq and Syria – has been a disaster on so many levels that it's hard to keep count. In Iraq, it led directly to ISIS – the mutant offspring of the so-called "Arab Awakening." In Syria, where US-backed "moderate" jihadists defected en masse to the ranks of our enemies, it led to the empowerment of ISIS and Al Nusra. And now in Yemen it is leading to the destruction of the Houthis – a long-suffering and valiant people – at the hands of our Saudi allies and their 10-nation alliance of despots. To add stupidity to deadly folly: our anti-Houthi pro-Saudi orientation is acting directly against our interests, which are supposedly focused on eliminating al Qaeda from the scene. In this instance, as in Syria, we are on the same side as al Qaeda. How does this make sense to anyone but Bibi Netanyahu?
Each time we intervene where we have no business intervening the "blowback" hits us right in the face – and provides yet another excuse for yet more intervention. It's an endless cycle, one that won't come to an end until and unless we rid ourselves of this succubus – this Empire – that is costing us so much.
NOTES IN THE MARGIN
You can check out my Twitter feed by going here. But please note that my tweets are sometimes deliberately provocative, often made in jest, and largely consist of me thinking out loud.
I've written a couple of books, which you might want to peruse. Here is the link for buying the second edition of my 1993 book, Reclaiming the American Right: The Lost Legacy of the Conservative Movement, with an Introduction by Prof. George W. Carey, a Foreword by Patrick J. Buchanan, and critical essays by Scott Richert and David Gordon (ISI Books, 2008).
You can buy An Enemy of the State: The Life of Murray N. Rothbard (Prometheus Books, 2000), my biography of the great libertarian thinker, here.
Author: Justin Raimondo
Justin Raimondo passed away on June 27, 2019. He was the co-founder and editorial director of Antiwar.com, and was a senior fellow at the Randolph Bourne Institute. He was a contributing editor at The American Conservative, and wrote a monthly column for Chronicles. He was the author of Reclaiming the American Right: The Lost Legacy of the Conservative Movement [Center for Libertarian Studies, 1993; Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2000], and An Enemy of the State: The Life of Murray N. Rothbard [Prometheus Books, 2000].	View all posts by Justin Raimondo
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in the event you're like me, you're taking pictures wherever your go. Capturing photographs at play, at a particular occasion, and even when working. The pleasure pictures convey are sometimes uplifting and I consider everybody ought to have such a file to depend on. The at all times assist these valuable seconds, minutes or days transcend the occasion and be relived over and over.
My niece, the Soccer Star.
You know the way household obligations can require quite a lot of time which you do not consider you will have at first. Then one thing adjustments and the disruption turns into an everyday occasion you fortunately attend.That is how going to my niece's weekly soccer sport started for me and my camera.
As a bit of payback for the entire enjoyment the weekly sport had given me, on the finish of season I wished to do one thing particular. I had might nice photos of my niece Laura, however I at all times gave her photos. This needed to be totally different. After researching personalised presents, I found picture blankets, afghan picture blankets, tapestry picture blankets and picture towels. Who knew there was such a variety. Would she merely be blown away when she opened the field and noticed herself woven right into a mushy picture blanket? Or would I get the attention roll and a "Thanks", as she moved on to one thing else.
Copyright © 2019 Austrian former World Cup champion alpine ski racer. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Preidler: My decision to blood dope was stupid and wrong
Cyclingnews 2020-01-15T19:15:21Z
Austrian denies doping before 2018
Georg Preidler (Image credit: Bettini Photo)
During the trial of suspended pro cyclist Georg Preidler in Innsbruck, where he is facing charges of sports fraud, the 29-year-old denied charges that he doped prior to 2018, according to Kleine Zeitung.
Prosecutor Thomas Willam announced in September that his office was filing the fraud charges against Preidler for "regularly practising blood doping and also taking growth hormones, starting with the Giro d'Italia in the spring of 2017 until his doping confession".
Sunweb, the team with whom Preidler raced in 2017, threatened to sue him if it is proven he doped during his time with the team, and throughout the proceedings Preidler has denied any wrongdoing before 2018.
UCI hopes to secure information on cyclists involved in blood doping investigation
Denifl confesses to blood doping in police interview
Ochowicz: No red flags in Denifl's biological passport
Preidler admits to blood extraction as doping investigation widens
Madiot expresses 'surprise' and 'enormous disappointment' at Preidler doping confession
UCI provisionally suspends Preidler and Denifl after blood doping confessions
Soon after the Operation Aderlass raids, Preidler and Stefan Denifl confessed to blood doping. Preidler, who was then sacked by Groupama-FDJ, admitted to having his blood drawn on two occasions late in 2018 but insisted he had not re-injected it. The "fraudulent intent" was enough to trigger an anti-doping rule violation in itself.
He was suspended by the UCI and then charged with fraud in Innsbruck because the world championships were held there in 2018 and Preidler was part of the Austrian team for the road race and time trial.
Preidler's case was adjourned indefinitely because the public prosecutor requested the appearance of an additional witness, who has recently been arrested – a person Preidler allegedly supplied with "24 single-use syringes with growth hormones".
Throughout the case, Preidler has denied using any doping products before 2018 and only had his blood extracted "out of pure curiosity."
The doctor involved in the blood doping scheme, Preidler says, "wanted to show me how it works in sport."
"My decision to do blood doping was stupid and fundamentally wrong. I bitterly regret it," Preidler stated.
That allegation could come down to the next witness who, according to a different former cyclist, says testified this 'shady person' supplied him with syringes of an unknown substance.
"I never felt an effect one way or another, which is why I soon lost interest," this former cyclist testified.


Kaarakin's Wildlife Guardians School Holiday programs provide an opportunity for children to engage with nature through wildlife interaction and environmental based activities.
Bird Bonanza event for ages 10 and above.
All Wildlife Guardians programs are run at the Kaarakin Black Cockatoo Conservation Centre located at 322 Mills Road East, Martin. Entry is at the west end of the site up from the large guest parking area. When you arrive, drive through the main entrance and turn right, the unsealed road will take you down to the large carpark.
BOOKINGS ARE ESSENTIAL and conditions do apply, see the booking page for more details.
This is a short (2-hour) program focusing on nature connection through Australian native wildlife, providing 5 – 12 year olds an opportunity to meet and interact with black cockatoos, dingoes, kangaroos and emus.
These events are run mostly outdoors around our education building in direct proximity to the interactive black cockatoo aviary where children and parents can talk to the attention loving birds. Through animal tours and activities, children can learn about Australian wildlife and conservation, as well as getting involved in our work by making animal enrichment toys and native plantings (depending on the season).
Cost is $25 per child with free entry for one supervising adult (additional adults $25 each).
UPCOMING SESSIONS: Saturday 13 April 2019, 9:30 AM. NUMBERS STRICTLY LIMITED so book now!
This is a longer (3-hour) program for older (10+) children and adults, featuring up-close wildlife encounters, a guided bushwalking tour, and a conservation activity. Morning tea is provided.
Experience up-close wildlife encounters (includes friendly black cockatoo and dingo interactions), guided bushwalking bird tour, morning tea (provided) and a conservation activity. Early start to avoid the heat, 7.45am to 10.45am. If you want to make a day of being out in the hills, you can always make your way to the local cafes and cidery after the Bird Bonanza event.
Please not that this event involves a lot of walking. Whilst at Kaarakin ALL persons should be suitably attired for a bush environment and must wear closed in shoes and a sleeved top (short or long). Kaarakin merchandise will be available to purchase. No eftpos onsite.
Cost is $35 per participant (adult or child) with morning tea included.
UPCOMING SESSIONS: Saturday 27 April 2019, 7:45 AM. NUMBERS STRICTLY LIMITED so book now!


I use a home squid server tunneled through ssh to surf while at work. Recently I started getting the following while trying to connect.
It may have started after I received a new IP address from Comcast but I can't confirm that. Can anyone help with this?
Are you able to identify the IP address in use? You may have been allocated one that has been issued before and used here for spam or other undesirable purposes. That can be checked if we know the address.
Ok, I have verified that I am unable to connect to the kodi site through my own proxy. I am currently connected directly to the site from home but if I turn on the proxy which is in the same network then it says that I am banned....not sure why it would be a problem since I have never had an issue connecting to any other site before now. Has something changed on how this site is served?
Your proxy IP address is probably banned. If you give us the address we can take a look.


I thought I would keep it short this week, not least because I'm pretty busy doing things for the Medieval Canterbury Weekend. Just in case you have missed this the box office at www.canterbury.ac.uk/medieval-canterbury in terms of ticket sales will close this Friday, but tickets will be available to buy at Old Sessions, Canterbury Christ Church on Saturday 2 April (cash payments only) and at the Cathedral Lodge, the Precincts on Sunday 3 April (same arrangements). So please if you are interested do come along. There are lots of fascinating talks, and just considering those under 'Books and Manuscripts', there will be two great lectures on Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts. Firstly on Friday evening Richard Gameson will consider the fabulous St Augustine's Gospels, seen by contemporaries as relics in their own right, and then on Saturday morning Michelle Brown will look more broadly at the manuscripts and documents produced in Anglo-Saxon Canterbury at two of the most important scriptoria in the land. Sunday will bring us forward in time to the 'Age of Chaucer' and Peter Brown's entertaining assessment of what was being produced by way of texts by Chaucer's contemporaries – another treat.
I have also heard from Martin Watts, who tells me that tickets for his 'Richborough through the Ages' are selling. This one-day conference on Saturday 25 June promises to be a great day. Now as a medievalist I am particularly interested to hear what Ges Moody has to say about the area as a contested landscape and Paul Dalton's assessment of Richborough's medieval context also looks to be in my area. However I'm sure the modern history lectures will be exciting too, and as an ex-dairy farmer I'll be interested to hear what John Bulaitis has to say about G.C Solley of King's End Farm, whose activities in the early 20th century extended well beyond farming!
I'm also thinking about the autumn, when hopefully the first recipient of an award from the Ian Coulson Memorial Postgraduate fund will be embarking on his/her new research project towards a higher degree on a Kentish history topic at Canterbury Christ Church. At the moment I'm looking at a one-day conference on 'Early Medieval Kent' on 10 September, and possibly towards another joint lecture with Brook Agricultural Museum, the Nightingale Memorial Lecture. Last year we were treated to a brilliant talk by Canterbury Christ Church's own John Bulaitis on the 'tithe wars' in early 1930s Kent, a lecture that is still discussed in glowing terms. Indeed it was one of the topics raised at a meeting of the Trustees of the Brook Museum yesterday, and hopefully the next lecture will be equally successful. I have an idea for a potential speaker but before I reveal anything more I want to talk to a few key people. However I am really excited about the prospect, so do watch this space.
This concept of joint conferences and lectures has been actively embraced by the Centre and I believe the Kent Archaeological Society's Place-Name conference for 2016 will also take place under such a scheme. Again when I know more details I'll let you know. To a degree keeping with an archaeological theme, it is probably worth mentioning that Canterbury Archaeological Trust's '40 years' exhibition at The Beaney will be opening at Easter and will be in The Front Room there for about a month. Andrew Richardson of CAT has also been involved as the honorary curator of the KAS in overseeing the cataloguing of the Society's artefact collection held at Maidstone Museum. In addition, photos of the pieces are going on the Society's website making a fantastic resource for teachers, students and those having a more general interest in the county's archaeological heritage.
Finally, it was good to see this evening that the BBC's regional news programme was actively exploring links between Shakespeare and Kent under the banner of the regional and national aspect of Shakespeare 400. Thus it was excellent to watch Liz Finn at the Kent History Library Centre in Maidstone pointing out entries in Dover's chamberlains' accounts relating to early modern players, in this case the theatre company linked to the Bard, the King's Players, who visited the town on more than one occasion. The camera crew had also been to Dover Museum because we were treated to Jon Iveson pointing out details on William Eldred's fascinating map of the town dated c.1641. So it was great to see Kent's history brought to life in this way, and it would be equally fantastic to do the same for Canterbury, although hopefully we will not have to wait until the 2020 anniversary of St Thomas Becket's Translation.