Melodeath has never been a favourite genre of mine. There have, however, been a few bands that have definitely hit the nail on the head; Be'lakor, Amon Amarth and a few others. Faithful Darkness have put out their sophomore album Black Mirrors Reflection to prove to us that they deserve a spot among the "Gods" of melodeath.
Let's just say that won't be happening anytime soon.
Coming out of Sweden with good intent, this Gothenburg band really wants to be up there with the rest. They place fun, semi-technical riffs, have some angry Lamb Of God-esque growls and the general In Flames approach in terms of songwriting and melody.
Ehhh, not completely. While the band has the typical Gothenburg sound down, it just remains that: typical. The cool riffs soon turn into predictable, boring, and a chore to sit through. Combine that with some rather annoying clean vocals, and some, dare I say, cheesier than power metal keys, and you'll start to notice the rating dive faster than a Japanese kamikaze pilot.
The keys are just awful. I'm talking, a never ending video loop of Kidzbop 22. I may sound harsh, but after the first few seconds of their playing, all I could do was sit back and laugh. The clean vocals aren't bad by any means. They're not whiny or pitchy, in fact, I have to say I enjoy them. But it's when they are combined with the ultimate cheesiness of the keys and the over-produced riffs that they become unbearable.
This album isn't bad, but it certainly isn't good either. It feels as if it could be the soundtrack to some sub-par racing video game; that kind of game that only has three tracks, two cars and gets old within the first 3 races. I'm sure that hard-core Gothenburg fans will enjoy this, but as a whole, I recommend you let this slide under you radar.
Oh look, an album I won't check out. Well written review Tanner, I can definitely see a progression (a good one at that) of your writing style. You described exactly why I shouldn't listen to this. Also, "dive faster than a Japanese kamikaze pilot" <- that made me chuckle in the middle of class and got me an angry glare from my teacher.


text:
require 'pact/shared/active_support_support'
require 'pact/consumer_contract/request_decorator'
require 'pact/consumer_contract/response_decorator'

module Pact
  class InteractionDecorator

    include ActiveSupportSupport

    def initialize interaction
      @interaction = interaction
    end

    def as_json options = {}
      fix_all_the_things to_hash
    end

    def to_json(options = {})
      as_json.to_json(options)
    end

    def to_hash
      hash = { :description => interaction.description }
      hash[:provider_state] = interaction.provider_state if interaction.provider_state
      hash[:request] = decorate_request.as_json
      hash[:response] = decorate_response.as_json
      hash
    end

    private

    attr_reader :interaction

    def decorate_request
      RequestDecorator.new(interaction.request)
    end

    def decorate_response
      ResponseDecorator.new(interaction.response)
    end

  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Stream, January 21: Drinking Water Quality Threatened by Extreme Weather
January 21, 2014 /in The Stream/by Codi Kozacek
The quality of drinking water supplies is at risk from increasingly frequent extreme weather, such as droughts, floods and wildfires—especially if they occur in combination, The Sydney Morning Herald reported, citing a new study released by researchers at the University of New South Wales. For example, a large wildfire followed by heavy rain and flooding could contaminate rivers and reservoirs with ash, while a drought followed by an intense flood could wash excess nutrients into water supplies and spur algal blooms.
West Virginia's governor has proposed new chemical safety regulations for storage tanks after a chemical spill near the state capital cut water supplies to 300,000 people earlier this month, the Associated Press reported. Bills aimed at stopping similar events from occurring in the future have been introduced at both the state and federal government levels.
Protesters in Chile warn that a planned hydroelectric power plant could squeeze water supplies in the nation's capital city of Santiago, Inter Press Service reported. Environmental groups opposed to the plant say it will disproportionately benefit the country's mining industry, while putting drinking water supplies for 6 million people at risk.
Declining water levels in the Missouri River spell trouble for water plants and other utilities that have water intakes located on the river, the Kansas City Star reported. Drought and river bed degradation have both been identified as possible factors behind the decline, which has been happening for decades according to studies by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.
Survivors of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines are being forced to evacuate tent camps and emergency shelters as the islands are hit by heavy rains and floods, AlertNet reported. The floods have killed 42 people and destroyed homes in areas still struggling to rebuild after the typhoon.
The Stream is a daily digest spotting global water trends. To get more water news, follow Circle of Blue on Twitter and sign up for our newsletter.
Codi Kozacek
A news correspondent for Circle of Blue based out of Hawaii. She writes The Stream, Circle of Blue's daily digest of international water news trends. Her interests include food security, ecology and the Great Lakes.
Contact Codi Kozacek
https://i0.wp.com/www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/The-Stream-Circle-of-Blue.jpg?fit=500%2C500&ssl=1 500 500 Codi Kozacek https://www.circleofblue.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Circle-of-Blue-Water-Speaks-600x139.png Codi Kozacek2014-01-21 12:47:082016-03-02 08:31:36The Stream, January 21: Drinking Water Quality Threatened by Extreme Weather
Federal Water Tap, January 20: Hark! A Budget! The Stream, January 23: Improving China's Rural Drinking Water

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Digital marketing grows more powerful all the time as the various media formats, methods, and platforms used to reach your target audience increases. We have learned over the years how to successfully market our business, expand our audience 10x, and increase business using the latest technology, social and digtial trends. We are now offering digital marketing services to our homeowners to help you promote your vacation rental to thousands of new vacationers.
Use video and social media to feature your house on Facebook, Instagram and YouTube and show vacationers what sets your home apart from the rest!
Coverage of local attractions including beaches, shopping, golf courses, bike trails and lighthouses.
Pricing varies based on size of home.
Photo and video highlights of your property are incorporated into an Instagram Story.
Inclusion of your property listing in a featured blog post.
How to set up your social media taught by Becky Fischer.
Schedule some time to sit in person or over the phone and she will coach you on how to set up a Pinterest, Twitter, Instagram or Facebook account. Then, tips on how to showcase your vacation rental on the social channel.
We will teach you the next powerful steps to promote your listing on Facebook including boosted posts and paid ad campaigns. Reach thousands of vacationers who are interested in your region of the Cape or Islands.
I can't believe the number of hits already! The first inquiry came in this morning. I'll keep you posted.
I would deem this successful – certainly generated traffic to our WNAV page. Always have to keep trying new marketing options.
Own a business? We can offer similar services to help you promote your business to thousands of targeted customers. Perhaps you need new pictures, new social accounts set up, or tips on how to use social media more effectively.
What service are you interested in? All digital marketing services Social Media Photography Video Consulting Please select what service(s) you are interested in.
We'll visit your property with flowers, lighting tools, and a fresh eye and take numerous interior, exterior, and beach photos!
Whether its aerial footage from our drone or a virtual tour, we'll convey a more comprehensive sense of your home to potential vacationers.
Choose from a menu of marketing tools, and we will consult 1:1 to help strengthen your property listing and rental success.


text:
Beatles Interviews Database: Paul McCartney Interview: Newsweek 5/3/1982
ABOUT THIS INTERVIEW: In the spring of 1982, Paul McCartney granted a brief interview with music critic Jim Miller that would be published in the May 3rd issue of Newsweek. With Richard Pryor on the cover, the McCartney article would appear in the Music section of the magazine.
McCartney was in New York City promoting his latest album, "Tug Of War."
Paul is asked about the new LP, but most of the interview centers around Paul's memories of John Lennon.
In a section separated from the rest of the interview, Miller reviews McCartney's latest release as a "melancholy masterpiece," stating that "McCartney stays squarely within a finshed musical style that is unabashidly conservative -- and uniquely his own. There is something oddly brave and defiant in that." He continues, "The over-all impression, which gathers force on repeated listenings, is of an ineffiable ache, strangely exalted in song."
- Jay Spangler, www.beatlesinterviews.org
Article ©1982 Newsweek Magazine
Q: "What does the new album mean to you?"
PAUL: "Before we'd even started anything, I had the title, 'Tug Of War.' I wanted to do the whole album around that theme. The idea was conflict -- that everything is a tug of war."
Q: "Were you responding to criticism of your previous solo work as too shallow?"
PAUL: "Once or twice people did hit home with things. They'd ask whether I ever got fed up with writing a bit flippantly. And I said, 'Yeah, sure!' you know. I could sit down there and literally come back in three hours' time with about a hundred of those songs -- and the terrifying thing is that ten of them might be big hits. I had reached a point where I thought, if there is some danger of being shallow, let's not. Let's get more passion in it. So 'Tug Of War' appealed to me."
Q: "Did you ever have John Lennon in mind?"
PAUL: "No. But halfway through it, John was killed. I can't believe it to this day. But 'Here Today' is the only song specifically about that. Obviously, 'Tug Of War' ties in... and so does 'Somebody Who Cares.' I remember being aware of John's death while writing it."
Q: "Did you see much of him before he died?"
PAUL: "I saw him quite a bit. Always, the problem was talking business. Whenever we got into business, we got into an argument. It wasn't a pleasant framework for a relationship. When Sean (John and Yoko's son) was first born, I visited him a few times at the Dakota (Lennon's apartment house in New York). And then it had gone snotty. I used to turn up without calling him. One time, he got annoyed with me. He said, 'Well, look, man... Why do you just keep turning up here and surprise us? Why don't you just call first?' And I took that the wrong way. After that, I don't think I did see him. I phoned a few times. As long as we were talking about family, about life, it was good. The last time I spoke to him, I got off the phone and it felt like old friends again. I've talked to Yoko since then, and she's said to me, 'You know, he really was quite fond of you.' I think we were pretty close. But, sometimes, with brothers, you argue. They can be the most intense arguments, too."
Q: "Looking over some old interviews, I was struck by all the harsh things John said about you. It must have been hard to live with that kind of legacy."
PAUL: "It's tough, because I know he said all that. But with something as final as an event like that, it's funny what comes to mind. You'd expect your memories to be the big things. Like this furious argument we were having about Apple (the Beatles' record label), really going tooth and nail. And I can remember him looking at me, pulling down his glasses and saying softly, 'It's only me.' That's how I prefer to remember it. See, I think the big problem is that when he and Yoko were madly in love, the rest of us Beatles didn't handle it very well. We got very uptight about stuff that wasn't offensive. If they want to go pose in the nude, who cares? But at the time it was, 'Oh, bloody hell, look at 'em, they've gone off their rockers, these two.' It wasn't easy to cope with all that. We knew good old Johnny. But he'd changed. Our friend was suddenly on an album cover nude, and it was just weird. I think a lot of people felt that way. 'Hey, why didn't he just stay like he was in the Beatles? Why'd he go freaky?' I feel sorry for John and Yoko that we weren't able to be cool about the whole bloody thing. But in retrospect, I can understand it. Hey, 'Give Peace A Chance' -- Great stuff, Man! Nude on 'Two Virgins' -- Why not! I'm not a prude, really. It's just the shock."
Q: "What parts of the Beatle experience do you remember most fondly?"
PAUL: "All of it. Mostly it's pretty fond memories because, you know, you go on a holiday, you have a real bad time... you come back, and a year later you can only remember the good bits. For me, it tends to be the moments where John dropped his guard. Like one night we were in a hotel listening to a cassette, I think it was 'Rubber Soul.' There were my songs and there were his songs on this side, basically. We listened through it all, and I remember him saying to me, 'I think I probably like your stuff, if the truth was known. I probably really like your stuff.' I'm not saying he liked my stuff better than his. It's just that for one little second there -- it was not very typical of him. He always fought for himself. He was very selfish but in a good way. You know, looking after number one, not to the detriment of others. He was very un-that. Actually, he could be a very warm guy."
Q: "You recently told an interviewer, 'I'd always thought that, in order to be liked you had to be unwarty... I've only just realized, after all this time, that people like to see the warts.' Thinking of John Lennon's candor about himself, I wonder... What are some of Paul McCartney's warts?"
PAUL: "Some of my warts? Oh boy... I don't particularly want to reveal them. I've got plenty. What I meant was that John could show how human he was by vocalizing all that. It's just my character not to vocalize that kind of stuff."
Q: "After John's death, Yoko said that people mistook your real feelings because you couldn't express them very easily."
PAUL: "That's one of the things I often don't like about the way I come off. Like when John died, a reporter stuck a mic in my face and said, 'What do you think?' And I said, 'It's a drag' which of course seemed a really flippant thing to say. But later that night, I was weepin' and-a-wailin' and it all came out. I've given up excusing myself, saying, 'I'm awfully sorry, I'm not very good at this.' Sod it. I'm not going to thrash myself. You've got to think positive."
Q: "What matters to you these days?"
PAUL: "My family, first. Music second. There isn't an awful lot else. Money doesn't really matter to me. People say, 'Aw, it's easy when you've got it,' but Linda and I have always felt that if everything we owned disappeared, we could still head on down to Jamaica. They've got these little huts on the beach. I'd be a gardener or a carpenter."
Q: "Do you consider yourself looking after your business affairs a hassle or a pleasure?"
PAUL: "It's not a priority, but I do take pleasure in it because, you know, I set off from the sticks to make it -- and making it as a songwriter is one thing, and their both things I set out to do."
Q: "You're about to turn 40. How do you feel about growing older?"
PAUL: "It's nothing that really worries me. If it was just down to me, I think I would hardly notice it. Plus, with the kids, I don't particularly want to be youthful -- I want to be a father. Being youthful, rock 'n' roll... I've done that for so long. I'm READY to move over to a bit of maturity. I like my attitudes better. I don't sneer at stuff quite so much. I try to give it a chance, which is the thing my dad was always trying to teach me. He would say, 'Try to understand the other person's point of view, son.' And I would say, 'Yes, dad.' 'Tolerance, son!' 'Yes, dad.' 'Moderation!' 'Yes, dad.' It wasn't as bad as that -- I'm summarizing a few years there. But now those are all big things for me. Moderation? Terrific! Half of the people who are dead today wouldn't be if they had known that one. Tolerance? Great! I hope people show it toward me. I'm ready to show it toward them."
Source: Transcribed by www.beatlesinterviews.org from original magazine issue
Return to Database Menu


text:
Salisbury's Black History: Georgetown and Beyond
Houston Cemetery
Houston Cemetery is a historically Black cemetery established in 1901 by Solomon Houston, Richard Dashiell, George W. Leonard, John W. Johnson, and Leonard Parsons. Formerly enslaved, the Houston family rose to prominence in Salisbury's Black community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Upon the passing of the Houston Cemetery's sole surviving founder, John W. Johnson, Dr. Charles H. Chipman cared for the grounds before his death in 1987. In 1991, the American Legion Post 145 took over restoration and care of the cemetery.[1]
Houston Cemetery pictured in October 2021. (Photo by Allison B. Stancil)
A 1916-1937 ledger for Houston Cemetery. (Linda Duyer African-American History Collection 2012.021)
Cemetery founder Solomon T. Houston and wife Annie Maria's joint obelisk grave marker at Houston Cemetery. (Photo courtesy of Nabb Research Center)
The gravestone of Reverend Charles W. Pullett, second preacher of John Wesley M.E. Church, is pictured. (Photo courtesy of Nabb Research Center)
The division of Salisbury's Potter's Field as pictured in the 1877 Atlas of Wicomico, Somerset & Worcester Cos., Md. (Atlas of Wicomico, Somerset and Worcester Counties 2009.059)
The story of Houston Cemetery begins far before freedman Solomon Houston and fellow founders obtained the grounds and established the cemetery in 1901. The appearance of Solomon's surname often as "Huston" instead of "Houston" is no accident—his father, Levin Houston, and mother, Esther (or Easter) Houston, were former slaves of Dr. John Huston, owner of Poplar Hill Mansion, Salisbury's oldest standing dwelling. Solomon himself was also likely enslaved at Poplar Hill Mansion, as well as at least one of his sisters. Levin was eventually manumitted (or freed) upon Dr. Huston's death in 1829 and he later secured his wife and daughter's freedom. Solomon's parents were buried in the segregated Potter's Field across the street from Houston Cemetery, as they died in 1871 and 1888, respectively.
The Houstons were a leading Black family in Salisbury. Levin helped found the John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church (now the Charles H. Chipman Cultural Center) in 1837, and later, Solomon served as a chairman of the church's Trustees. Solomon lived at 406 Church Street, across from the church and a few houses down from James F. Stewart's funeral home. Solomon purchased land and properties in the historically Black Georgetown neighborhood and throughout Salisbury. Upon his death in 1916 at the age of 83, he was described as "not only a leader in social, financial and political affairs, but he was a leader in religious affairs."[2] He was also a director of Morgan College and remembered as an exceptional investor with many friends "among the white people of this city and county."[3] Solomon's final resting place, along with his wife Annie Marie, is the cemetery he helped found. Their shared grave marker, a large obelisk, can be found at the front of the cemetery close to the trees.
Houston Cemetery served as a burial ground for many Black residents of Salisbury, including George West, a Civil War veteran who served in the 19th U.S. Colored Infantry, and Ulysses Grant and Julia Langston (daughter of Solomon Houston), who once owned livery and grocery businesses in the Georgetown neighborhood. Just as schools, businesses, and communities were segregated, cemeteries were too. As noted in an 1877 atlas, Salisbury's Potter's Field, or a cemetery for the poor or unclaimed, was segregated. Segregation and discrimination followed even after death. When U.S. Route 50 divided Salisbury in 1955, its path traversed much of the white section of the Potter's Field, resulting in the relocation of graves. While Route 50's intrusion spared Houston Cemetery, it did not spare many of the Black communities and neighborhoods in Salisbury.
[1] Linda Duyer, 'Round the Pond: Georgetown of Salisbury, Maryland: A History of the Georgetown and Cuba Neighborhood Communities Collectively Known as Georgetown (Salisbury, MD: Linda Duyer, 2007), 176-177.
[2] "Death of Leading Colored Citizen of Salisbury," The Wicomico News, January 13, 1916.
[3] "Death of Leading Colored Citizen of Salisbury."
Image Sources(Click to expand)
Allison B. Stancil
Edward H. Nabb Research Center
"Houston Cemetery (Salisbury, MD) Ledgers, 1915-1937" Houston Cemetery Association
"Where are the Potter's Fields?" Delmarva African American History
"Family History at the Nabb Center: Cemeteries" Edward H. Nabb Research Center
"Solomon T. 'Saul' Houston" Find a Grave
"Houston Cemetery, Salisbury, Wicomico County, Maryland" USGenWeb Archives
"'Round the Pond: Georgetown of Salisbury, Maryland: A History of the Georgetown and Cuba Neighborhood Communities Collectively Known as Georgetown" Linda Duyer
Salisbury, Maryland 21801
This entry has been edited 17 times.
Created by Allison B. Stancil (Edward H. Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History and Culture) on November 30th 2021, 11:44:32 pm.
Last updated by Allison B. Stancil (Edward H. Nabb Research Center for Delmarva History and Culture) on December 16th 2021, 4:16:20 am.
Bluetooth Beacon Information
Tours that feature this entry
Driving through Salisbury today, it is easy to miss the neighborhoods where Black Salisburians lived, worked, and made memories with their friends and family. The Georgetown, Cuba, California, and Jersey neighborhoods either no longer exist or have been forever changed by construction and segregation, with next to none of their buildings, homes, or businesses still standing. However, the creation of the Church Street Mural and accompanying park, the preservation of John Wesley Methodist Episcopal Church as the Charles H. Chipman Cultural Center, the dedication of the Lynching Memorial historical marker, and the introduction of other ongoing initiatives show the city of Salisbury's attempts to honor the legacy of its rich Black culture and community. Those participating in the walking tour are encouraged to park in the Downtown Salisbury Parking Garage. Please be careful and cautious when crossing streets and intersections.


text:
package citrixadc

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/helper/resource"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/terraform"
)

func TestAccNscapacity_basic(t *testing.T) {
	if adcTestbed != "STANDALONE" {
		t.Skipf("ADC testbed is %s. Expected STANDALONE.", adcTestbed)
	}
	if isCpxRun {
		t.Skip("Feature not supported in CPX")
	}
	resource.Test(t, resource.TestCase{
		PreCheck:  func() { testAccPreCheck(t) },
		Providers: testAccProviders,
		Steps: []resource.TestStep{
			resource.TestStep{
				Config: testAccNscapacity_basic_step1,
				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
					testAccCheckNscapacityExist("citrixadc_nscapacity.tf_capacity", nil),
				),
			},
			resource.TestStep{
				Config: testAccNscapacity_basic_step2,
				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
					testAccCheckNscapacityExist("citrixadc_nscapacity.tf_capacity", nil),
				),
			},
			resource.TestStep{
				Config: testAccNscapacity_basic_step3,
				Check: resource.ComposeTestCheckFunc(
					testAccCheckNscapacityExist("citrixadc_nscapacity.tf_capacity", nil),
				),
			},
		},
	})
}

func testAccCheckNscapacityExist(n string, id *string) resource.TestCheckFunc {
	return func(s *terraform.State) error {
		rs, ok := s.RootModule().Resources[n]
		if !ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("Not found: %s", n)
		}

		if rs.Primary.ID == "" {
			return fmt.Errorf("No lb vserver name is set")
		}

		if id != nil {
			if *id != "" && *id != rs.Primary.ID {
				return fmt.Errorf("Resource ID has changed!")
			}

			*id = rs.Primary.ID
		}

		return nil
	}
}

const testAccNscapacity_basic_step1 = `
# Pooled license
resource "citrixadc_nscapacity" "tf_capacity" {
	bandwidth = 100
	unit = "Mbps"
	edition = "Platinum"
}
`

const testAccNscapacity_basic_step2 = `
# vCPU license
resource "citrixadc_nscapacity" "tf_capacity" {
	vcpu = true
	edition = "Standard"
}
`

const testAccNscapacity_basic_step3 = `
# CICO license
resource "citrixadc_nscapacity" "tf_capacity" {
	platform = "VP10000"
}
`


List of Fort Lauderdale, Florida designers, remodelers, planners and manufacturers offering custom kitchen design, remodeling, renovation and refacing services.
Sawgrass Kitchens & Molding by Sandro Chifari of South Florida is a remodeling company specializing in kitchens and moldings.
Our best quality kitchens are produced for over forty years in Germany - whether modern and innovative or traditional and well-tried. Since 1999 we bring the best quality German made kitchens to the USA and since April 2006 you can visit our newest Showroom in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. One of the uniqueness for GK's Kitchens is the huge range of different units.
Would you like to save up to 60% on your bathroom or kitchen remodelation project? Our innovative team at A+ Kitchen and Stones has pioneered a line of 100% wood cabinets which are designed with the do it yourself concept in mind, at a budget friendly price.
Our firm specializes in kitchen and bath design, installation, supervision, and other designs for your new or existing home; including family rooms, home offices, custom closets and bar units. We can answer all of your design and remodeling concerns and provide everything you will need; cabinets, countertops, flooring, appliances, plumbing, electric and all construction work.
Transforming your dreams into reality! Do you lack convenient storage solutions? Are you frustrated with your bath or kitchen layout? Tired of the builder cabinets or dreaming of a new look? You have come to the best place! We specialize in creating unique customized designs that are stylish and functional while reflecting your individual style.
Why replace when you can reface? Take those old Kitchen or Bathroom cabinets and make them look brand new with cabinet refacing, Save money and time, Installation is fast. There are other refacers out there, Why should you choose ANGLEWOOD Cabinet Refacing? We specialize in refacing only, and concentrate our expertise in this field alone.
Allow our designers to come to you and show you how to transform your kitchen into the kitchen of your dreams. We can supply our installers, electricians, plumbers, and pull those permits for you. And don't forget those pretty new counter tops to complete your new kitchen. FREE IN-HOME / CONDO KITCHEN DESIGN Where we come to you!
New & refaced kitchen cabinets. All custom cabinets, Wall units, Restaurant bars, tables & Booths,Wood Flooring, Counter top, Store fixture, Building customized wood furnishings for over twenty five years, domestic & commercial.


I haven't been much of a Lebanese food fan lately due to a couple of bad experiences so when my brother chose a Lebanese restaurant for his birthday dinner, I was undoubtedly apprehensive. Impressively enough, Em Sherif managed to singlehandedly change my opinion on Lebanese cuisine – an exceptional achievement.
– Exceptional Tabboule with a zesty lemon-y twist.
– The best french fries I've had since Frosty Palace (and I've tried quite a bit since then).
– Tender meat and moist chichtaouk.
In addition, the army of waiters on hand were on-point and polite, capably enhancing the spot's atmosphere. The restaurant as a whole is an utter delight to look at, with its Arabian Nights-esque theme of vibrant colors and high ceilings. If I had any complaints, it would be the multiple diners puffing on Arguile which threatened to taint the restaurant's classy ambiance. Thankfully, with Lebanon's no-smoking public ban in-effect soon, occurrences like these will hopefully become a thing of the past.
All in all, Em Sherif proved to be one of the most memorable dining experiences I've ever had. It blows every single one of its competitors out of the water and I truly can not recommend it enough. Outstanding.
Heyy Nad !! I would add +++ to your A !!I have been at Em Sherif yesterday with two very special friends and we were admiring the restaurant and enjoying the excellent food there.
And yes the restaurant's design is so much like Arabian Nights and I would add the atmosphere of Damascus old-renovated restaurants (the main dish was 20uze as a proof of what I felt ) … Beside the amazing tabouleh, kibbe, hommos, samke harra, taouk , etc …the dessert was heavenly; Em Ali, mouth watering Qatayef,Meghleh,Ice cream you can't resist !!


text:
Theological training: college or course?
From the Revd Robert W. Nichols
Sir, — I must take issue with Canon Mike Parsons (News, 10 June) that "There is very little evidence to suggest that either college or course training is superior to the other."
From my experience as a former student of both, I would say that a college course is manifestly superior.
The outcomes to which Canon Parsons appeals do not support his claim. For example, that a large percentage of part-time course trainees went into stipendiary ministry does not necessarily reflect equal achievement in training. More probably, it reflects a lowering of expectations for the training of stipendiary priests.
A typical part-time course, over two or three years, meets one evening a week, plus one or two weekends over each term, and several days in the summers, to train someone who is still working full-time on his or her current career. Can such a course provide the same range and depth of training that a full-time residential college does over the same number of years? The question almost answers itself.
ROBERT W. NICHOLS
The Rectory, 4 Hunters Ride
Caston
Norfolk NR17 1DE
Proposed changes to wedding fees
Bradford diocesan motion on confirmation
Pratchett's balance on assisted suicide
Untidy exodus to the Ordinariate
C of E academies and special needs
Pastors preferred?
ColumnistsFaithFeatures
Letters for publication should be sent to letters@churchtimes.co.uk.
Letters should be exclusive to the Church Times, and include a full postal address. Your name and address will appear alongside your letter.
Team Vicar
Do you have a passion for Mission and a pastoral heart? Would you like to join a collaborative and creative team?
Rector in Charge
The North Wingfield Team, a single parish of five churches and one community centre in North-East Derbyshire, is praying for an evangelical, spirit-filled and prayerful priest to be our new Rector-in-Charge. We are committed to mission and reaching out to a growing community, and we need a strategic and collaborative team leader who will encourage us in our own vocations and ministries and lead us through change to a new and exciting time in our church lives.
These two churches, in the growing town of Rugby, are at an exciting stage as we join together to form a new Benefice. We are developing our relationship with each other, whilst each church also continues its work in our communities.
Organists and Layworkers
Holy Trinity, Sloane Square, recovering confidently from the impacts of the pandemic, is seeking an exceptional musician to be its Director of Music and to work with a talented team to reinvigorate and expand our long tradition of outstanding music in worship.
The Church Times Podcast
Interviews and news analysis from the Church Times team. Listen to this week's episode online


text:
SNOWYTELLING- Reflections on Writing About Snow and Avalanches
The Colorado Avalanche Information Center publishes a daily hazard bulletin that utilizes the North American danger rating, standardized...
The Stellar- Season 1, Coms 8
POST TO BE ADDED 3/14  The Stellar is a collaboration between Silverton Avalanche School and the Friends of the San Juans. These...
As we enter the final days of February, the Stellar contemplates the turn towards Spring. Will March enter like a ravenous lion or...
We're feeling the love here in Silverton and Cupid has been shredding his wings off this week! It's an exciting time of year as days grow...
Snow Bunnies and Shred Hounds, As the first month of 2020 closes, the Stellar reflects upon our season to date and we'll consider some...
Snow Bunnies and Shred Hounds, Monday's storm system in the San Juans favored Telluride and points west and north. A secondary refresh...
 Greetings Shredders, With a slow down in storm events early in the new year, the wind has proved the primary antagonist in the...
Season's Greetings Snowflakes! It matters not whether you were naughty or nice in 2019, Santa left us all a big pile of holiday fresh...
Welcome to Winter And just like that, it's winter once again in the San Juan mountains. Backcountry travelers are starting to stretch...
In Like A Lion...
March has come in like a lion and has kept most of us lambs from venturing out into the mountains. I write a lot about the unique,...


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Hackers are claiming to have taken two Yorkshire council websites offline as part of a campaign to free Julian Assange. The WikiLeaks founder had been taking refuge in the Ecuadorean embassy in London until his arrest on 11 April. Read full story.


Being the last apprentice of Taiwan's prominent chinese medical doctor Dr. Lim Tian Shu.
Organized nationwide tours of health seminars & talked about Longetivity is No Longer a Dream, Live Younger towards the Age of 120, To Become a Disease-Free Human Being, Uncover The Universal Secret of Long & Healthy Life, Staying Healthy, Young & Longetivity Seminar.
Passed and obtained Master of Business Administration from University of South Australia.
Performed at a stage play "Photographing a superstar" as the main actor in junior high school.
Scriptwriter, director and actor for a stage drama "Frightening" at my school.


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Atomaria atrata är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Edmund Reitter 1875. Atomaria atrata ingår i släktet Atomaria, och familjen fuktbaggar. Arten är reproducerande i Sverige.

Källor

Fuktbaggar
atrata

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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[email protected]: The Democrats are allowing a ridiculous asylum system and major loopholes to remain as a mainstay of our immigration system. Mexico is likewise doing NOTHING, a very bad combination for our Country. Homeland Security is being sooo very nice, but not for long.
[email protected]: "Outrageous, it's the Adam Schiff problem. People abusing the access to classified data to then go out in public and make allegations that didn't prove to be true. You look at a decision to essentially investigate a political rival. Who made it" James Freeman, @WSJ
[email protected]: Everybody is asking how the phony and fraudulent investigation of the No Collusion, No Obstruction Trump Campaign began. We need to know for future generations to understand. This Hoax should never be allowed to happen to another President or Administration again.
[email protected]: "The Trump Administration has succeeded in dramatically raising the costs to Iran for its sinister behavior, at no cost to the U.S. or our allies. That's the definition of a foreign-policy achievement." Bret Stephens, @nytimes We are getting stronger all over the world, watch.
[email protected]: Mexico must use its very strong immigration laws to stop the many thousands of people trying to get into the USA. Our detention areas are maxed out and we will take no more illegals. Next step is to close the Border. This will also help us with stopping the Drug flow from Mexico.
[email protected]: It would be so easy to fix our weak and very stupid Democrat inspired immigration laws. In less than one hour, and then a vote, the problem would be solved. But the Dems don't care about the crime, they don't want any victory for Trump and the Republicans, even if good for USA.
[email protected]: In honor of his past service to our Country, Navy Seal EddieGallagher will soon be moved to less restrictive confinement while he awaits his day in court. Process should move quickly. @foxandfriends @RepRalphNorman
[email protected]: So funny that The New York Times and The Washington Post got a Pulitzer Prize for their coverage (100% NEGATIVE and FAKE.) of Collusion with Russia - And there was No Collusion. So, they were either duped or corrupt In any event, their prizes should be taken away by the Committee.
[email protected]: .The problem is, no matter what the Radical Left Democrats get, no matter what we give them, it will never be enough. Just watch, they will Harass and Complain and Resist (the theme of their movement). So maybe we should just take our victory and say NO, we've got a Country to run.
[email protected]: Robert Mueller was a Hero to the Radical Left Democrats, until he ruled that there was No Collusion with Russia (so ridiculous to even say.). After more than two years since the "insurance policy" statement was made by a dirty cop, I got the answers I wanted, the Truth...
[email protected]: Had the Fed not mistakenly raised interest rates, especially since there is very little inflation, and had they not done the ridiculously timed quantitative tightening, the 3.0% GDP, and Stock Market, would have both been much higher and World Markets would be in a better place.
"There's a very big likelihood I'll be closing the border next week," specifies @POTUS.
Maria Butina seeks speedy deportation back to Russia and says she is not afraid she will be tortured or persecuted there
Trump threatens to close U.S.-Mexico border to trade because of immigrant surge
AG Barr sends letter to congressional leaders to update them on the process of releasing more details from the Mueller report.
The Mueller report will be released by mid-April, "if not sooner," and there are no plans to let the White House review it first, U.S. Attorney General Barr says
[email protected]: ..the Border, or large sections of the Border, next week. This would be so easy for Mexico to do, but they just take our money and "talk." Besides, we lose so much money with them, especially when you add in drug trafficking etc.), that the Border closing would be a good thing.
[email protected]: ..through their country and our Southern Border. Mexico has for many years made a fortune off of the U.S., far greater than Border Costs. If Mexico doesn't immediately stop ALL illegal immigration coming into the United States throug our Southern Border, I will be CLOSING...
[email protected]: The DEMOCRATS have given us the weakest immigration laws anywhere in the World. Mexico has the strongest, and they make more than $100 Billion a year on the U.S. Therefore, CONGRESS MUST CHANGE OUR WEAK IMMIGRATION LAWS NOW, and Mexico must stop illegals from entering the U.S..
[email protected]: This has been an incredible couple of weeks for AMERICA.
Egypt president to visit @WhiteHouse on April 9.
[email protected]: On this Vietnam War Veterans Day, we celebrate the brave Vietnam Veterans and all of America's Veterans. Thank you for your service to our great Nation.
Two female inmates injured after drop from jail upper-floor railing
[email protected]: Working hard, thank you. MAGA
[email protected]: MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN.
[email protected]: Massive overflow crowds in Grand Rapids, Michigan tonight. Thank you for joining us tonight. MAGA
[email protected]: Beautiful MAGARally tonight in Grand Rapids, Michigan - thank you, I love you. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN..
[email protected]: On my way to Grand Rapids, Michigan right now. See you all very soon. MAGA
Trump says he's done more for Puerto Rico than any human being.
[email protected]: We have a National Emergency at our Southern Border. The Dems refuse to do what they know is necessary - amend our immigration laws. Would immediately solve the problem. Mexico, with the strongest immigration laws in the World, refuses to help with illegal immigration and drugs.


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Remember: Not Everyone Prioritizes Achievement
The commentariat seems to agree on two things regarding American schools: that they're not good enough and that students need to be learning more. Read a random blog or watch a random talk show and you'll likely see or hear something about more rigorous curricula, longer hours, longer school years, or some sort of argument that our students need to be pushed harder.
And you're twice as likely to see or hear these things after the results of an international assessment are released (e.g. the latest PISA results this week) and the U.S. again ranks behind a lot of countries.
But we in the education world can sometimes forget that there are other things that matter too. It would be wise for those driving this commentary to remember that not everybody shares their priorities and keep in mind that many people in our country have no interest in spending more time in school. I'd divide this constituency into three different groups:
1.) People who absolutely detest school and can't wait for the bell to ring. Witness this cartoon comparing school to jail . . . with the only difference being that the disgusting food offered in jails is always free. For kids who believe school is tantamount to jail or torture, it's unclear how exposing them to more misery will improve their lives. In other words, it may be more important to find a type of schooling that they only hate a little bit than to simply pile on more.
2.) Families with students enrolled in elite, high-pressure schools (usually private or suburban). Witness the number of parents excited by the new movie "Race to Nowhere" that chronicles the downside of such schools. Indeed, the most obvious sign of the difference between classes when it comes to schooling may be the broad push for more rigorous schooling for low-income students while high-income parents increasingly worry about the amount of stress their children endure while running five clubs, taking 4 AP classes, and waking up early for SAT prep class on Saturday before going out to volunteer at the local animal shelter.
3.) Those whose priorities lie elsewhere -- e.g. sports. Witness the saga of Urban Meyer, the University of Florida's highly successful football coach, who stepped down yesterday -- at the age of 46 -- because he wanted to spend more time with his family. Did the press release say that he wanted to help them with their homework or volunteer in their classrooms? No. It said that "after spending more than two decades motivating and celebrating the young men I've been so proud to coach, I relish the opportunity to cheer for my three terrific kids as they compete in their own respective sports". For other families it's music, art, drama, religion, or any of a million other activities that evoke more passion.
There's some overlap, of course, between these groups. But an awful lot of students/parents/families fall into at least one of these groups. This certainly doesn't mean that we shouldn't examine longer days/years or such reforms to boost our national achievement levels. But it does mean that we shouldn't assume that these types of changes would automatically be popular or successful. And it illustrates some of the trade-offs of these types of reforms.
In a number of the highest scoring countries, many kids spend countless hours in "cram schools" after school and on weekends -- essentially doing test prep. American kids, on the other hand, are more likely to go to football practice, piano lessons, or their part-time job after school. There's no objective answer as to which practice is better, but time is finite and kids can't do everything. And many, many parents would prefer that their kids choose from the latter list.
So, by all means, we should be examining ways in which we can boost our national achievement. But boosting these test scores isn't the only thing that the citizens of our country care about. As such, any reform designed to boost these scores will not automatically be accepted by all. In short, a more productive discussion would weigh the costs and benefits of emphasizing different areas rather than simply assuming that everybody wants higher test scores at whatever cost.
The Times' Tenure Math Problem
Are Superintendant Searches a Thing of the Past?


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The BrimTier Chronicles
By Lisa J. Comstock
BrimTier Webstore
Fav Links
Sample Chapter from Times of a BrimTier Pirate
Excerpt from "Innocence Lost"
"Most human beings have an
almost infinite capacity for taking life for granted."
- Aldous Huxle
Captain Bryce had just gotten back into his bed, finally feeling human again, just pulled the sheets over his chest and closed his eyes when the ship suddenly lurched sideways, throwing him from that bed. He cringed and gritted his teeth, squinting one eye in pain, as the sick sound of metal scrapping on metal squealed through the corridors, as if his ship was crying out in pain.
It took him a moment to get out of the tangle of his blankets and reach the com. When he did he heard at least ten other voices calling into the helm as well; his drowned the others out,
"Kassie, what is happened?"
"I'm sorry, Captain, there was a ship right in front of us when I dropped from jump, I had to change course, rather quickly, to avoid a head on. Our starboard sail is no longer responding and the hull has sustained damage, but no breaches, nothing critical."
"Okay, Kassie. You alright?" asked Iain, knowing she would've avoided any accident if she?d had any option.
"I am certainly awake now, sir."
"Yeah, I right expect so, as are the rest of us, no doubt. Ask Digger to get some men on the hull and sails and call the officers to the conference room while I get my heart back in my chest, if you please."
It didn't take them long to reach the conference room, half still in nightclothes.
Iain told Yard to fetch them coffee while they waited for Digger to come and make his report then stepped to the window facing the thing that had awakened them. The ship was only about half the size of Phoenix - actually closer to a third since half its back end was gone ? and was floating on its side. Its larboard engine was gone and it had a hole in its aft bow, which was venting internal atmosphere in streams.
"What do you make of it, Master Cable?" Captain Bryce asked Jaime.
"Looks like someone hit her with a laser torpedo, space debris would've struck the front of the ship," answered the quartermaster, through his hand, which was covering up a yawn.
"That's a sleeper ship," said Jared beside him, stifling a yawn of his own. "Most likely en route to a newly colonized planet."
"Wonder if anyone survived?" asked Iain rhetorically as he pushed on his combadge and said, "Kassie, any response to your hails?"
"None, sir, just static," answered Kassie.
"And no distress signal, either?" asked Jaime.
"Again, none, sir."
"Alright, leave off, don?t need any CRF monitoring the channels to catch us," said Iain.
Yard stepped into the conference room at that moment, holding a tray with steaming cups of coffee and a plate of pastries with Digger right behind him.
The engine master grabbed a cup of the black gold and announced, "The starboard sail is inoperable 'til we're on solid ground. Luckily, the hull damage is only slight and can be handled with ease by the MVS. A bit of fresh paint and she'll be back to her beautiful self."
This made all in the room sigh in delight, especially Iain, the sound of the ships scraping together still replaying in his mind. He placed his hand on the inner wall and stroked it lovingly.
"Alright then, since we're already up let's see what we can salvage,"said the captain, pointing at the piece of debris. "I want you to stay behind and monitor the MVS repairs, Digger. Robyn, have your staff prepare sickbay for possible injuries then meet us in the hanger. Yard and Mitch, your task is to transport fuel and undamaged supplies over. Jaime, Jared and Eve will join Robyn and me in getting any survivors. We need to be quick, no way to know if whoever hit the ship is ready to descend on us."
The pirates got into their oxygen suits, unsure whether the environmental systems would be working; Jaime and Jared carried with them what they had for portable units in case they did find any survivors. Luckily the damage to the ship wasn't on the side of the emergency hatch so it didn't take Digger long to get the loading tunnel locked in place or them long to walk across and enter the disabled ship.
As soon as they had the sleeper ship's hatch secured Iain looked at Jared, "Is the oxygen breathable?"
Jared looked at the device in his hand and said, sounding muffled through the helmet, "It's a bit thin but yes. I wouldn't recommend we run or over exert ourselves though."
Iain nodded and held a finger up to the others as he reached up and released the lock on his neck holding the helmet to the suit, lifted the bubble off his head and took a deep breathe then proceeded to start coughing.
Robyn went quickly to him, grabbed the helmet, and started to put it back over his head. He pushed her hands away with a sick grin on his face. "Just a bit stale, is all."
Robyn and Jaime both gave him irritated looks, not appreciating the joke.
This made him smirk and shrug his shoulders. "It's okay but keep your helmets close in case the ship decides to take away what we have."
It wasn't easy to move through the ship because it was floating on its side. Wires were hanging from the walls, sparks bursting from those charged lines, pieces of decking and ceiling tiles were pulled up and twisted, their sharp edges sticking out all over the place, forcing them to have to duck and move around them to keep from getting sliced and or shocked, and the flashing charges from the live wires and the decking lights blinking on and off around them made for a weird light show, giving the whole thing an eerie quality.
All joking now aside, Captain Bryce split them up. He sent Jared and Eve to the bridge to try to shut down the internal power and keep them from getting electrocuted, Yard and Mitch to the storage bay and engine room and Jaime and Robyn with him.
Robyn took point, using a flashlight to see into all the hidden cracks and crevices for any obstacles or obstructions that could injure them.
As they made their way through the tight and dangerous corridors she told them that she'd been on a vessel like this one when still in her residency, on Avonlea. She said the stasis units would be on the central deck - which was the one with all the damage.
"They don't have jump engines, only regular propulsion," said the doctor, "It can take generations to reach the destination, thus the name of the ship. This one may have been traveling for ten years already, depending on how far away its departure point was.
"They usually have between five and seven chambers of cryo units, each unit, or pod, can hold thirty people, each in a separate tube; mostly young single people. This would give enough biological diversity to start a new society. The controls should be set to resuscitate certain ones at set intervals on the ship's journey to monitor the others, then they go back into stasis and another group is resuscitated, and so on through the years until they reached their set destination."
Iain was only half listening to Robyn. He really didn't care to hear the particulars of the ship's make-up but he knew it would help her cope with the destruction and death she?d likely be seeing very shortly by telling them of it so he kept himself from saying anything to stop her.
It took them much longer to make it the few feet to the ladder that would take them to the central deck than the captain liked, because they had to move large and sometimes quite heavy chunks of walls and floors to be able to safely move through. When they reached the deck it was with heavy hearts. They were tired from the exertion and too thin oxygen and what they found when they reached the first pod made them all curse.
The doors were melted tight and wouldn't respond to the control panel.
Robyn shined the flashlight through the window in the doors and let out a painful moan, "Oh my God! There's someone beside the far tube, Iain, likely one of the last to be awakened. I think I see them moving." She reached for a metal rod on the floor beside her, intending to use it to wrench the doors open but Iain stopped her and shook his head.
"We can't, Robyn," he said, pointing to the gage beside the door that showed the level of oxygen in the room was too high. They couldn't pry the doors open because a spark from the live wires dangling in the hallway might ignite the room and blasting the doors open with their lasers was out of the question for the very same reason.
"We can't just leave them, Iain," Robyn said desperately.
"We waste time here we might not be able to save them that can be," said Iain, knowing she wasn't going to like hearing it but having to say it. He hoped she didn't decide to choose now to get sanctimonious on him and decide their own safety be damned.
She looked back at the door, ready to argue. She dropped the rod and kicked the bottom of the door then turned away from them. She pushed the hand Iain offered, to help her over a large, twisted piece of deck, away and climbed over it on her own, though less than gracefully.
She knew, inside, Iain was right but it was killing her, inside, to admit it just then.
The next room's doors were part way open but that side of the ship, the back wall of the room, had a huge hole in it so they would have found it hard to maneuver and not get sucked out themselves and anything they disturbed would likely get sucked out as well.
Again Robyn tried to argue because it looked like three chambers might be viable.
Again Iain was forced to say no to her, he didn't want to risk it.
Again Robyn didn't look happy, but had to concede.
The third room looked to be intact and the door panel operations worked properly so they pried the doors open and quickly went from one cryogenic tube to the next.
The tubes were eight foot long cylinders, shaped a little like torpedoes, with a triangular window set in the front of them, through which the occupant could be seen, for visual tracking. Each tube had a single person inside, a mix of men, women and children of varying ages, and each had a monitoring device beside it, keeping track of the occupant's vital signs, three bands ran across the display unit showing brainwave activity, heart rate and the oxygen levels in the tissue and all were moving slower than normal, because the occupants were in frozen stasis.
Some of the occupants were long since dead; now withered and decayed even though the units seemed intact. They?d likely died instantly, not surviving the initial cryo process. In some ways they were the lucky ones, given the condition of the others, looking like they had died slow and painfully. Some of the units had shattered windows, meaning the they had essentially died in their sleep, probably happening with the impact of the torpedo hitting the ship, some looked like they'd awakened from a horrible dream to find reality was little better.
Six tubes looked viable, the vital sign readings well within healthy ranges, but three of them couldn't be opened due to the damage to the outside of the units. The controls to begin the unfreezing process were fused together and, for all it upset Robyn to admit, they didn't have time to transport them to Phoenix to try later.
As much as he hated doing it, Iain forced her to step away from them and focus on the ones that were fully operational.
She was beside herself, trying hard to fight back tears.
They each stepped before a viable pod and the doctor slowly took them through the steps to resuscitate them.
A sense of urgency was nagging the captain, making him bark, "This is taking forever." They were waiting for the units to run through the cycle to reanimate the occupant, or power up, as Robyn called it.
"If we rush it we could send them into cardiac arrest," said the doctor.
Not wanting to but knowing they had no choice, the captain said, "Stay here, Robyn. Jay and I are gonna check the other units." He could see her about to protest so he added, "I promise we will save all we can."
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The BrimTier Chronicles - Enclave Inc. - All Rights Reserved - Copyright ©2010


Chef Adam Goetz is the owner of CRAVing, a restaurant with a delightful, contemporary approach and a menu that focuses on seasonal flavors and local ingredients. His policy of making everything from scratch creates an exciting experience for his guests and staff alike and landed him a dinner at the esteemed James Beard House in 2015. His career features stints both here and elsewhere, including work as executive saucier for NYC's famed Waldorf Astoria and a role as executive sous chef at the revered Castle Pines Country Club in Colorado. Goetz has been with Nickel City Chef since its inception in 2009.
Born and raised in Buffalo, Chef Jennifer Boye is a graduate of ECC. She got her start at Transit Valley Country Club, where she was able to practice the art of cooking and baking for large groups. After almost four years as Executive Chef at Fiddleheads in Allentown, she became Executive Chef of the Mansion on Delaware Avenue. In 2013 Jennifer joined the Nickel City Chef home team. In 2016, after ten very successful years at MoDA, Boye has moved on to the role of Executive Chef at East Aurora's Elm Street Bakery. In 2017, Jennifer Boye presented a dinner at the James Beard House.
Chef Edward Forster is a WNY native who returned home just a few years ago to open the kitchen at one of Buffalo's most exciting dining establishments, Mike A @ Hotel Lafayette. While there he earned many accolades, including a rare 10-star review from the Buffalo News. From there he went on to develop the menu and run the show at Buffalo Proper, a hotspot for cocktails and fine fare. A graduate of the Culinary Institute of America, Forster has worked for world-renowned chefs such as Christian Delouvrier, Chicago uber-chef Graham Elliott, and David Posey. Forster currently works at The Dapper Goose, one of Buffalo's most exciting new restaurants. Forster joined the Nickel City Chef team in 2015.
Chef Victor Parra Gonzalez is the most recent addition to the NCC home team. After winning a battle in 2015, he was added to the permanent lineup in 2016. Parra Gonzalez first made a name for himself by opening a restaurant in Youngtown. There he and a dedicated staff served the most refined Mexican fare WNY had ever seen. The young Acapulco-born chef trained in Montreal at Ecole Hotelier Des Laurentides and relocated to Western New York, where he lives with his family. In 2017 he opened the doors to his West Side eatery, Las Puertas, which quickly earned a 9/10 review from The Buffalo News.
Bert Gambini was part of the Buffalo radio scene for nearly twenty-five years. He started his career as a news anchor at WHLD in Niagara Falls, before moving to a similar position at WBEN. In 1993, he was hired by WBFO, serving in various roles from music director to local host of NPR's Morning Edition. Today he works for the University of Buffalo and hosts all of Feed Your Soul's live productions.
Chef Michael Andrzejewski made a name for himself in Buffalo's most prestigious kitchens including Oliver's, Warren's, and the Rue Franklin. In 2001, Andrzejewski and his wife, Sherri, opened Tsunami. In 2008, the duo launched Seabar, where the elements of a traditional sushi bar are combined with fine dining. Cantina Loco, a popular Mexican joint in Allentown came shortly thereafter. Tappo, a wine bar and Italian-American restaurant project developed in partnership with Rocco Termini, opened in 2013. In the recent past, Andrzejewski has been a semifinalist for the James Beard Foundation's Best Chef – Northeast award and has prepared several meals at the famed NYC dining destination. He is also Buffalo's representative at the annual Taste of the NFL.
Andrzejewski was a semifinalist for the James Beard Foundation's Best Chef – Northeast award, and over the years he's been invited to prepare several meals at the famed NYC dining destination. He is also Buffalo's representative at the annual Taste of the NFL.
many thanks to the many, many professionals who contributed their time, talent, or product to the show over its ten season lifetime.
from sound techs, sponsors, videographers, farmers, photographers, door staff, challenging chefs, judges, and others—we couldn't have held a single show without them.


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You are here: Foreign & European Policy
Support for Ukraine
Crisis in Crimea: Avoiding a new rift in Europe
10.03.2014 - Article
The crisis in Crimea is threatening to divide Europe. Foreign Minister Steinmeier is working to continue the diplomatic efforts to reach a solution in Ukraine.
The situation in Crimea remains tense. At the same time, diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis in Crimea continue. On Monday evening Foreign Minister Steinmeier will set off at short notice on a trip to the Baltic. In view of the recent escalation of the conflict, the Foreign Minister warned on Sunday (9 March) of a "new rift in Europe".
In the last few days international efforts to defuse the situation in Crimea have been continuing with a vengeance. The focus of the talks is on finding the means to embark on a diplomatic political process in which Ukraine and Russia can discuss first hand how to find a way out of the crisis. Another important goal of the deliberations is to preserve Ukraine's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Intensive travelling diplomacy
Show larger version of image
Meeting with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in Geneva (4 March 2014)© Photothek.net
In the past week Foreign Minister Steinmeier has completed an intensive travel itinerary in order to work with European and international partners to find a way out of the recent escalation of the conflict. This included a meeting with his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov as well as with the Foreign Minister of the Ukrainian interim government, Andriy Deshchytsia. The crisis in Crimea was also the focus of the Foreign Minister's talks last week with UN Secretary-General Ban Ki‑moon and OSCE Chair Didier Burkhalter. Consultations with his European colleagues and with US Secretary of State John Kerry also centred around the international efforts to defuse the conflict. Click here for more information on the Foreign Minister's talks:
Clear messages to Russia
Steinmeier and Zaorálek at the joint press conference© AA
The announcement last week that a referendum on Crimea joining Russia has been scheduled for 16 March has exacerbated the situation still further. Last Thursday (6 March) the European Union heads of state and government condemned the referendum as "illegal". Speaking last Friday (7 March) in the presence of his Czech counterpart Lubomír Zaorálek, Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier declared that this decision by Russia had "added fuel to the fire".
On Sunday (9 March), following another phone conversation with Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov, the Foreign Minister described Russia's position as "relatively inflexible". The Foreign Minister called for clear and decisive messages to be sent ensuring that Russia understood that "we will respond and we will be obliged to respond if the path of escalation continues to be followed." He went on to say that if the Russian side did not shift its stance in the coming days, "the next stage of sanctions" would be reached. At the same time Steinmeier warned against "manoeuvring ourselves into a corner". If it came to this, "a road of escalating sanctions" must be designed in such a way that exits still remained open at all times.
EU agrees on initial steps
Foreign Minister Steinmeier in Brussels (3 March 2014)© Photothek.net
In the past week, during a special summit of the European Union in Brussels, the European heads of state and government agreed on initial steps such as discontinuing visa talks with Russia. Extensive economic assistance was also earmarked for Ukraine. Furthermore, during their meeting the European heads of state and government agreed on a three-stage plan to be implemented should no progress be made in resolving the crisis in Crimea. On Sunday (9 March) Foreign Minister Steinmeier issued the following statement in this connection:
If we have to threaten to use sanctions, we will impose them in stages. The first stage is already in place. We have discontinued talks. The next stage will involve the option of freezing assets and preventing certain power-holders in Russia from travelling by withdrawing their visas.
Foreign Minister Steinmeier will remain in close consultation with his European partners on this issue over the coming days. On Tuesday he will hold talks with the foreign ministers and leaders of the three Baltic states – Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Ukraine: Persevering with efforts to bring about a de‑escalation
Ukraine: Talks in Brussels, Geneva and Berne
Foreign Minister Steinmeier concerned about dangerous developments in Ukraine
Overview "Support for Ukraine"
Disarming engagement in Central and East Africa: Working to combat the proliferation of small arms
A new protocol card for foreign diplomats in Germany


Everyone knows that oxygen is essential for all life – the body uses it as it breaks down food and creates energy for cells.
But did you know that, as well as being an absolute necessity for good health, its use in the body can also result in the production of certain unwanted by-products, called oxidants.
Free radicals are produced as a result of both internal (endogenous) and external (exogenous) factors.
Endogenous free radicals are produced as a result of normal biological processes, like aerobic respiration, metabolism and inflammation.
In contrast, exogenous free radicals are produced as a result of environmental factors. For example, pollution, sunlight, stress, UV rays, poor diet, alcohol intake, smoking, strenuous exercise and X-rays.
Unfortunately, in this modern age of pollutants and toxins, both in the environment and in our food chain, levels of free radicals in our bodies are higher than ever before.
It is impossible to avoid damage from free radicals, and our body's own defences against it are not foolproof. When our levels of free radicals exceed the protective capabilities of those defences, what is referred to as "oxidative stress" occurs.
This means that the system is no longer able to readily detoxify or to repair the resulting damage. As time goes on, cell parts damaged by oxidation accumulate, contributing to toxic load, ageing, a strained immune system and illness.
The human body is pretty amazing and, for the most part, its complex processes run smoothly. However, like everything else, it eventually comes under strain and can even break down, especially as we age, and physical ailments can start to crop up.
The key is to provide our bodies with as much nutritional support as we can, so that it can fuel its own natural defences.
Vitamin C and vitamin E are two of the most potent antioxidants found in nature, present in high levels in foods such as parsley, rosehips, elderberries, blackcurrants, citrus fruits, broccoli, nuts and whole grains (oatmeal, rye, barley).
Foods that have exceptionally high levels of antioxidants are often referred to as "superfoods" or "superfruits", for that reason. For example, green tea, acai berries and wheatgrass.
However, if you feel that you need additional support, a more concentrated intake, or a more convenient and reliable source, food-based antioxidant supplements can be the perfect solution.
Is teal the new orange?
Now in its third year, the Teal Pumpkin Project is in the spotlight again. The idea is that households place a teal coloured pumpkin outside their house on Halloween if there are allergy- friendly goodies on offer to trick or treaters.
The brainchild in 2014 of FARE at foodallergy.org in the US, The Teal Pumpkin Project now has many nations taking part with the idea really catching on here in the UK too.
An increasing number of children in the UK are affected by a food allergy, so what allergy friendly items can you offer? They could be healthy or free from treats, and FARE also suggest non-food items such as a tiny colouring books or a bouncy ball or glow in the dark bracelet perhaps.


text:
Armed police escort clears the way for public Buddhist procession in Gansu
by Kenneth Tan
A group of Buddhist monks and worshipers were seen performing an important ceremony yesterday morning in Pingliang city, Gansu province, so important that the procession was led through the city streets by an armed escort.
The ceremony was performed to carry four Buddhist relics or Sarira to Dayun Temple in Jingchuan county. Zeng Qin, an eminent local master, told reporters that Jingchuan county has unearthed more than 2,000 Sarira in the last 50 years, which make the county one of the most important Buddhist sites in China.
These latest spiritual treasures were apparently so valuable that they needed the extra security provided by dozens of police officers in shades.
By Lucy Liu
[Images via Tencent]


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Jorge Jamil Mahuad Witt (Loja, 29 de julio de 1949) es un abogado y político ecuatoriano. Fue elegido como presidente constitucional del Ecuador en 1998. Mahuad no culminó su periodo presidencial, ya que fue cesado en sus funciones en enero de 2000.

Fue líder del desaparecido partido ecuatoriano Democracia Popular. Antes de llegar a la presidencia del Ecuador, Mahuad desempeñó cargos como diputado (1990-1992), ministro del Trabajo y alcalde de Quito, durante dos periodos consecutivos (1992-1998). Durante su mandato, se profundizó la crisis económica en Ecuador de 1998-1999, durante la cual desaparecieron una docena de bancos ecuatorianos y un número similar de instituciones del sistema financiero.

Actualmente reside en Estados Unidos, donde imparte clases de negociación, liderazgo y gobernabilidad en la Harvard University, y ha sido fellow de varios institutos. El 27 de mayo de 2014, la Interpol emitió una circular roja al ser requerido por la Justicia de Ecuador por el presunto delito de peculado. Fue condenado a doce años de prisión, pero esta emisión fue retirada posteriormente al ser considerada un «hecho político y no legal».

Biografía

Nacido en Loja el . Sus padres son Jorge Antonio Mahuad Chalela, hijo de inmigrantes libaneses y Rossa Witt García, hija de inmigrantes alemanes.

Sus estudios primarios, los realizó en los Hermanos de las Escuelas Cristianas – La Salle, mientras que los estudios secundarios en el Colegio San Gabriel de Quito, regentado por la orden católica jesuita. Posteriormente ingresó a realizar sus estudios superiores en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, donde se graduó de Doctor en Jurisprudencia y Abogado de los Tribunales de la República, continuó sus estudios en la Universidad "John F. Kennedy" School of Government de Harvard, Estados Unidos, donde obtuvo la Maestría en Administración Pública.

Contrajo matrimonio con Tatiana Calderón, reina de Quito del año 1971, de la cual se divorció por diferencias personales, de ese matrimonio nació su única hija.

Cargos públicos

Durante el gobierno de Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea, Mahuad fue miembro del gobierno, primero como gerente de Emprovit, la agencia estatal de venta, a menor precio, de productos alimenticios básicos; luego como ministro de Trabajo en 1983, y, finalmente, como vocero del gobierno. En las elecciones de 1984, fue elegido diputado por Pichincha y alcanzó notoriedad durante el juicio político contra el ministro de Industrias de León Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra, el economista guayaquileño Xavier Neira. En 1988, se candidateó para la presidencia de la República, pero no logró sino un quinto lugar después de Rodrigo Borja Cevallos, Abdalá Bucaram, Sixto Durán Ballén y Frank Vargas Pazzos. En el mismo año sufrió de una agresión en el Congreso por parte de familiares y seguidores de Abdalá Bucaram, (expresidente del Ecuador).

El 10 de agosto de 1992, asumió el cargo de Alcalde de Quito, cargo que le otorgó gran prestigio por la provisión casi total de servicios públicos, la construcción de un sistema de transporte a través de trolebuses y la modernización del cabildo. Un hito de su alcaldía fue que Quito fue elevado a Distrito Metropolitano en 1993 ganando más autonomía y le denominó el nuevo tratamiento como "Alcalde Metropolitano". Continuó las obras de su predecesor Rodrigo Paz e impulsó y concluyó el trolebús entre La Y y El Recreo. Para 1996 era ya Mahuad un presidenciable muy cotizado. En enero y febrero de 1997 fue parte del liderazgo opositor al gobierno de Abdalá Bucaram que culminó en la destitución del mismo. Es así que Jamil Mahuad organizó la investidura del titular del Congreso, Fabián Alarcón, en detrimento de Rosalía Arteaga que había asumido la presidencia de manera temporal tras el cese de Abdalá Bucaram.

En marzo de 1997, siendo Alcalde de Quito, concurrió a Barcelona, España, para asistir a la Conferencia del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID), misma durante la cual sufrió un derrame cerebral.

Presidente del Ecuador

Mahuad se presentó a las elecciones presidenciales de Ecuador de 1998, en binomio con Gustavo Noboa, por el partido Democracia Popular.  Mahuad fue elegido presidente en una segunda vuelta en contra de Álvaro Noboa, del Partido Roldosista Ecuatoriano. Este resultado fue polémico debido a la corta distancia entre ambos candidatos (51,2% - 48,8%). Las posteriores acusaciones de Noboa de fraude electoral fueron rechazadas por el Tribunal Supremo Electoral de Ecuador.  La campaña electoral de Mahuad se basó en resaltar el desprestigio del expresidente Abdalá Bucaram por la corrupción en su gobierno.

Se posesionó el 10 de agosto de 1998, día que entraba en vigencia la nueva Constitución promovida por Fabián Alarcón, prometiendo el fin de la inestabilidad política que precedió a su gobierno.

Durante su gestión, su hija, Paola Mahuad Calderón, ejerció como primera dama del Ecuador, considerando que para la fecha el presidente se encontraba divorciado.

Firma de la paz con Perú (1998)
Una de sus primeras actuaciones como presidente fue la firma del Acuerdo de Paz con el Perú, el 26 de octubre de 1998, que estableció hitos definitivos de frontera y acabó con el largo y costoso conflicto Perú-Ecuador.  Fue mérito de Mahuad haber dado prioridad a la paz, haber asumido personalmente la negociación, haberla llevado a un plano político y haberla conseguido en dos meses y medio.

El acuerdo definitivo se firmó en Brasilia el 26 de octubre de 1998. En la firma estuvieron presentes los mandatarios de Argentina, Brasil y Chile, representantes del Gobierno de los Estados Unidos, los reyes de España, los presidentes de Bolivia y Colombia y un representante del Papa Juan Pablo II. El Acta Presidencial de Brasilia daba por terminadas global y definitivamente las 'discrepancias ' entre las dos Repúblicas, señalaba la frontera terrestre por donde Perú había siempre interpretado el Protocolo de Río, ratificaba el Tratado de Comercio y Navegación del mismo Protocolo y comprometía a los dos Estados a un amplio Acuerdo de Integración Fronteriza, Desarrollo y Vecindad, cuyo contenido especificaba claramente.

Creación del Bono de la Pobreza

El 14 de septiembre de 1998, a través de una cadena nacional de radio y televisión, se anunció la creación del Bono Solidario, un programa de entrega de dinero en efectivo a la población más pobre, cuyo objetivo principal fue la compensación a la eliminación de los subsidios en gas y electricidad. Madres de familia en condición de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica recibían $15,10 mientras que adultos mayores y personas con discapacidad recibían $7,60. La política se contención social se mantiene en Ecuador hasta la actualidad, sin embargo el programa ha sido reestructurado en varias ocasiones respecto de su alcance y valor.

Políticas económicas

Mahuad expidió una ley de salvataje bancario, que destinó recursos del Estado para atender a los problemas de los bancos privados que habían quebrado. Según el gobierno de la época, para proteger los ahorros y el sistema financiero nacional. Esta política de salvataje se aplicó desde comienzos del gobierno de Mahuad y consistió en la emisión inorgánica de dinero.

Este dinero líquido se canalizó como préstamo a los bancos para impedir su quiebra. Una parte del dinero recibido se destinó, en efecto, a la compra de dólares y a su colocación fuera del país para cancelar créditos vigentes de los propios bancos. El Banco Central trató de evitar la devaluación monetaria. Entre agosto de 1998 y febrero de 1999 vendió 700 millones de dólares de la Reserva Monetaria Internacional. En marzo del 99, agotada la disponibilidad de sucres en las bóvedas, se recurrió al congelamiento por el lapso de un año de los depósitos del público superiores a los quinientos dólares. Pese a todo, quebraron muchos bancos. El gobierno creó la Agencia de Garantía de Depósitos (AGD) para que se encargara de devolver el dinero de los clientes de los bancos quebrados. Esta entidad devolvió muy poco y más bien continuó canalizando créditos a bancos como el Pacífico, el Popular y la Previsora que más tarde habrían de pasar a la propia Agencia. El Ministerio de Finanzas emitía bonos y los entregaba a la Agencia para que los canjeara con sucres emitidos por el Central. Este mecanismo dio lugar a una emisión inorgánica de mil trescientos millones de dólares entre marzo de 1999 y enero de 2000. Una parte de la emisión se destinó a comprar dólares. Se produjo, pues, una devaluación acelerada: entre el 29 de diciembre de 1999 y 6 de enero de 2000, el sucre se devaluó en 25,7 por ciento.

El mandatario decretó un congelamiento de depósitos. El exceso de impresión de billetes por el Banco Central del Ecuador para afrontar las obligaciones contraídas por el Estado (con el precio del petróleo a 6 dólares el barril), hizo que la inflación aumentara considerablemente y la crisis de la economía real disparó la cotización del dólar a niveles nunca antes vistos (un 67% de incremento). Mahuad asumió como salida la adopción del dólar estadounidense, en sustitución de la moneda nacional el 9 de enero de 2000. Antes de la dolarización decretada por Mahuad el precio del dólar en el mercado cambiario había subido de 4.500 a más de 25.000 sucres en menos de un año.

En suma, seis mil millones de dólares fue el costo del salvataje bancario para los ecuatorianos ya como inflación, devaluación, créditos del Central a los bancos, recesión, aumento del desempleo y compresión del consumo por los dineros congelados. Las familias se volvieron más pobres, las finanzas públicas se deterioraron y el gasto de educación, salud y desarrollo agropecuario fue dos veces y un tercio menor que el pago del servicio de las deudas interna y externa. En las familias del segmento más pobre, la tasa de desempleo llegó al 29 por ciento y, en el resto, al 14.4 por ciento. Esta crisis entre otros efectos provocó una fuerte emigración de ecuatorianos a otros países, sobre todo España e Italia. Fernando Aspiazu, cabeza del Banco del Progreso, reveló desde la prisión que había financiado la campaña de Mahuad y de la Democracia Popular con una suma de tres millones cuatrocientos mil dólares, él y Mahuad fueron multados por el Tribunal Supremo Electoral de Ecuador por haber contribuido ilegalmente en la campaña para su presidencia.

Otras acciones durante su gobierno
En 1999, el gobierno firmó un acuerdo de cooperación con los Estados Unidos para el uso de la Base Aérea de Manta. Este acuerdo se inscribía en el contexto del Plan Colombia para erradicar los sembríos de coca y vigilar el comercio de la droga.

Derrocamiento

La quiebra de los bancos había atizado el regionalismo y un sector de la clase dirigente guayaquileña había marchado contra el presidente. El congelamiento bancario volvió muy impopular a Mahuad.  El 21 de enero de 2000 fue derrocado por las Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador, institución que le retiraró su apoyo luego de que los miembros de la Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Ecuador, (CONAIE), se tomaran las calles de Quito y avanzaran al Congreso Nacional, apoyados por un grupo de coroneles de las Fuerzas Armadas quienes actuaban de manera independiente a la institución militar. Las Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador deciden hacer una jugada doble, tomar el liderazgo de las protestas que habían declarado un triunvirato que hasta el momento no tenía poder real, e instalar un gobierno militar usando ese triunvirato como medio.

El triunvirato bajo control de las Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador no obtuvo reconocimiento internacional, por lo que el Comando de las Fuerzas Armadas obligó a los militares que habían participado de la declaración del Congreso a renunciar. Finalmente, las Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador deciden, durante la madrugada del sábado , declarar al vicepresidente de Mahuad, el catedrático guayaquileño Gustavo Noboa, como nuevo presidente en un acto que tuvo lugar en el Ministerio de Defensa. El golpe de Estado se cubrió de formalidad ante el Congreso Nacional el día siguiente, ya que el Congreso declaró cesante a Mahuad como presidente bajo la cláusula de "abandono del poder" al haberse auto exiliado en la Embajada de Chile, con 87 votos de 96 parlamentarios.

Ministros de Estado

Vida post-presidencia

Aunque el gobierno de Chile le ofreció asilo diplomático, Mahuad salió del país para residir en EE. UU. Jamil Mahuad tiene cargos pendientes en su contra por varios actos de su gobierno; así, como un proceso judicial en su contra. Jamil Mahuad es miembro del Consejo de Presidentes y Primeros Ministros del Centro Carter.

El 14 de octubre de 2020, veinte años y cuatro meses después del inicio del proceso penal en contra del expresidente Mahuad, fue ratificada la sentencia de ocho años en su contra por el delito de peculado. Según los argumentos de la Fiscalía General del Estado, Mahuad tuvo responsabilidad penal por la crisis bancaria debido a dos decretos que firmó durante su administración:

 Decreto Ejecutivo No. 681, de 9 de marzo de 1999, a través del cual se declaró el estado de emergencia nacional.
 Decreto Ejecutivo No. 685, de 11 de marzo de 1999, a través del cual se ordenó el congelamiento de los depósitos, conocido como feriado bancario.

La Fiscalía General del Estado de Ecuador argumenta que el congelamiento de fondos se ejecutó con la finalidad de beneficiar a los propietarios, gerentes o administradores de los bancos privados con iliquidez, lo que causó un enorme perjuicio económico a la ciudadanía ecuatoriana. La defensa de Mahuad sostiene que las medidas económicas tomadas por un gobierno no son causales de delitos.

La Policía Internacional (Interpol) emitió, el 27 de mayo de 2014, difusión roja, ya que es requerido por la justicia de Ecuador, de acuerdo a las pruebas presentadas por la Fiscalía General del Estado de Ecuador. La Interpol finalmente se negó a detener a Mahuad bajo el argumento de que su requerimiento por la justicia de Ecuador era tema político que no les compete.  En mayo del 2017, ante la apelación de la defensa del expresidente, su pena fue rebajada a 8 años.

Libros y publicaciones

 "Cómo usar estas ideas en el mundo real. Una narración personal por Jamil Mahuad, expresidente del Ecuador". En Fischer y Shapiro (2005). Las Emociones de la Negociación.
 "If I'd wanted to teach about feelings, I wouldn't have become a law professor". En coautoría con Melissa Nelken y Andrea Kupfer Schneider. En Venturing Beyond The Classroom (2010).
 "Negotiating wicked problems: five stories". En coautoría con Calvin Chrustie, Jayne Seminare Docherty, Leonard Lira, Howard Gadlin y Christopher Honeyman. En Venturing Beyond The Classroom (2010).
 Así Dolarizamos Al Ecuador: Memorias de un acierto histórico en América Latina (2021).

Condecoraciones y méritos
 Gran Collar de la Orden Nacional de San Lorenzo, designada al Gran Maestre de la Orden de mayor rango en el Ecuador, presidida por el presidente de la República de turno.

 Doctor Honoris Causa grado otorgado por la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, la más antigua de América, fundada en 1551. En la ciudad de Lima, República del Perú.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Biografía detallada de Jamil Mahuad. Publicada por CIDOB

Asambleístas y diputados de Ecuador
Presidentes de Ecuador
Alcaldes de Quito
Ministros de Trabajo de Ecuador
Abogados de Ecuador
Alumnado de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador
Alumnado de la Escuela de Gobierno John F. Kennedy
Doctores honoris causa de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Lojanos
Maronitas
Presidentes de Ecuador que fueron derrocados por un golpe de Estado
Políticos de la Unión Demócrata Cristiana
Presidentes de Ecuador nacidos en Loja
Grandes Maestres de la Orden de San Lorenzo
Grandes cruces con brillantes de la Orden El Sol del Perú


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This page deals with trespass by livestock, overhanging cranes and trespassing pipes beneath the surface of the land.
Bryant v Macklin
[2005] EWCA Civ 762
Where cattle belonging to a neighbour had eaten the Claimants trees they did not have to make do with £25,000 damages representing diminution in value of his property awarded by the trial judge. They were entitled to the reasonable cost of replacing the trees with young trees, which would cost £44,500, because that was what a reasonable person would do if laying out his own money.
There was also an increase in general damages for loss of amenity and in aggravated damages because there was a serious incursion into the claimants' right to the enjoyment of their home; that the defendants were well aware of the effect that their conduct was having in that respect; and that they intended (or, at the least, were indifferent to the fact) that it should have that effect.
Overhanging extractor fan
Laiqat v Majid
[2005] EWHC 1305
The trial judge held that an overhanging extractor fan was not causing a trespass because it did not cause a substantial interference with the claimants land. On appeal this was held to be wrong.
".. if a defendant interferes with a claimants airspace, this amounts to trespass except that this conduct would not constitute trespass if the interference were at such great height - such as by high flying aircraft - that it does not interfere with the claimants airspace. As Scott J explained if somebody erects on his own land a structure, part of which invades the air space above the land of another, the invasion is trespass." (para 34).
(The argument in the citation is a bit circular: An interference is not an interference if it does not interfere because it is too high! But we know what the court means).
The real question for the trial judge to determine was whether or not an injunction should be granted or damages awarded in lieu. The case was referred back to the judge to carry out that exercise.
Strata beneath the surface
Technical trespass – assessment of damages
Star Energy UK Onshore Limited v Bocardo S A
Ownership of property gives ownership of the strata beneath the surface of the land (in the absence of any express or implied alienation), and therefore prima facie possession of them. Installing pipelines is therefore a trespass; but, if it does not interfere with the owner's enjoyment of his land, damages will be low.
By the Petroleum (Production) Act 1934 ("the 1934 Act"), all petrol in strata in Great Britain belongs to the Crown. The Crown is able to grant licences to bore for and get petroleum. The Crown granted such a licence to the Appellants relating to the Palmers Wood Oilfield. The Appellants installed pipelines running at an angle so that they passed into the strata under the Respondent's land. The trial judge found that there had been a trespass and awarded damages of £621,180 plus an injunction unless 9% of gross future revenues were paid to the Respondent. The Appellant appealed against the finding of trespass and the damages and other remedies awarded.
The findings of trespass were upheld but the order made by the judge was discharged and replaced with a substantially reduced award of damages.
Findings; trespass
First, the Court of Appeal dealt with the question of how far beneath the surface ownership extends. It indicated that it was not helpful to draw a parallel with regard to the airspace above land (because there are many potential users of airspace), so the limit was not to be set by reference to the depth that was reasonable in order to facilitate enjoyment of the surface. The owner of the surface owns "strata beneath the surface of his land, including minerals, unless there has been some express or implied alienation of the whole or a particular part of the strata to another". The Respondent therefore owned the land through which the pipelines were laid (but not the petrol lying in the strata, because of the 1934 Act).
Next, the Court of Appeal considered whether the Respondent was in possession of the strata (for a claim in trespass only lies for disturbance of possession). The Court stated that the test for possession in this context was the same as in adverse possession: factual/ physical possession and an intention to possess are required – but held that since the Respondent "has the prima facie right to possession of those strata, so it is deemed to be in factual possession of them". The Court of Appeal did not explain how the Respondent had demonstrated an intention to possess, and simply concluded that, since the Appellants had no right to install pipelines, they had committed a trespass. In particular, the Court of Appeal rejected an argument that a right to extract minerals carried with it, at common law, an entitlement to cross lands of another, on the basis that the cases where a right to get access in order to extract minerals was upheld were in truth applications of the principle of non-derogation from grant which could not entitle a party to access lands of a third party. Equally, the Court of Appeal rejected an argument that a licence granted under the 1934 Act conveyed the right to cross lands of a third party.
In deciding what damages should be awarded a key factor was the amount of compensation that would be awarded under the s 8(2) of the Mines (Working Facilities and Support) Act 1966 ("the 1966 Act") for the grant of an "ancillary right"; the ability to obtain a right under this statute would be an important issue in any negotiation between the parties for the grant of a right to run a pipeline under the land. The Court of Appeal approved BPV Ryder [1987] 2 EGLR 233, which suggested that compulsory purchase principles and cases should be examined when assessing the compensation payable under that Act. However, they disproved the suggestion that the Appellant's special interest should be assessed on the basis that they would have made "one more bid" in an imaginary auction. Rather the test was: "given that the grantee is in a special position, what (if anything) would that add to the value of the right to be granted, bearing in mind the requirement that overall the assessment must be fair and reasonable between a willing grantor and a willing grantee?" and commented that it was a question of fact in each case.
The Court of Appeal 's conclusion was that £82.50 was the amount of compensation that would have been fixed under the 1966 Act – and that, bearing this in mind, the proper award of damages was £1000, since the Appellants would be prepared to pay a sum of that nature to avoid delay and costs in making a claim.