May 1 2016, 5:54 p.m.
The audience of Washington, D.C., journalists, politicians and celebrities reacted with pained "oooooooh's," as did Obama himself (before grinning widely).
Of course, all the D.C. elites who laughed with Obama would be (rightfully) horrified if Vladimir Putin casually joked about killing anyone he wanted with the same weapons Russia uses to bomb Syria.
Nevertheless, Obama's witticism remains beloved by the Washington Post, which called it one of "the president's sharpest quips" the next day and this week named it one of his "10 most hilarious lines" of his whole presidency at the correspondents' dinner.
By the time Obama made his Jonas Brothers joke, the United States had, according to the Bureau of Investigative Journalism, killed a minimum of 679 people in drone strikes in Pakistan alone. This included at least 138 civilians, of whom at least 42 were children. By now victims of U.S. drones number in the thousands worldwide.
Top photo: President Barack Obama poses at White House Correspondents' Association dinner. Wilmore is at far right.


– Bunk beds are amazing for the kids room. They're space-efficient and enjoyable for the children as it may seem, but choosing the right type, size and layout isn't quite as simple. A bunk bed has to be secure, durable and the children have to like it, the past being the most difficult of all occasionally. How can you choose the best bunk bed for your children? These tips can help. One of the finest bedroom thoughts is bunk beds. Simple and traditionally straightforward, bunk beds have generally been used for piling beds but little else.
Because they usually not especially user-friendly, bunk beds tend to be foisted upon young kids who don't get much say in the subject. Bunk beds surely are not regarded as residence décor. Modern bunk beds can do more than just pile up mattresses. Capable of fashion and functionality, bunk beds are not just for kids anymore. They are starting to earn a respectable place in interior design that is attractive .
Whether you're choosing bunk beds for kids or oldsters, here are just seven interior design ideas which can help you take bunk beds outside of the fundamentals in usability and style. Design your bunk beds using décor and the room's design in your mind. You can paint the bunk mattress structure to combine with the room's color scheme, or you can pair natural wood bunk beds with hardwood doors and hardwood flooring. Painted bunk beds are somewhat more modern wood will have a more conventional look.
Among those reasons bunk beds are to get over little ones today is that they can include the privacy older kids or young adults desire. Adding curtains and a rod generates a few welcome seclusion. From the little cubbies made by bunk beds, it's hard to do much of anything but sleep — unless you have a light. Adding a small flexible reading lamp to the wall will add performance to the bunk-bed set-up.
In normal bunk beds, sleepers don't have any place to set a alarm clock, a phone, or a glass of water. If, however, you extend the length of the bunk bed, you may include. Expand it both ways as long as you're extending your bunk bed, and you'll be able to add shelves in either end for toys or books. You can include drawers under the bed for storage.
The most normal bunk bed is made for just 2 equal-sized beds. You do not have to be limited. So an older child will probably be more comfortable, It is possible to produce a bunk mattress set that has a larger lower bed. Really bunk beds are for more than just sleeping. You can buy. However, a design is really a bunk bed construction which turns each degree into a sofa by day. Because it makes for a terrific hang-out spot this could work well for teens or young adults.
Clearly, bunk beds also have risen up in the interior design world. More than just something packaged into a kid's area, bunk beds may add fun and flair to bedroom décor. If you'd like to find out what bunk beds can do for a bedroom you're designing, you can try them out first in virtual area to see what they'd look like in reality using House Tipster's Virtual Rooms, a free 3D room styling planner.
Find out the most recent images of Fresh Bunk Bed Over Crib here, and also you can get the image here simply image posted uploaded by Andrew Cooper that saved in our collection.


Ever wonder about the nutritional content of eggs? How eggs travel from the farm to the store? How Canadian eggs are graded and checked for quality? Wonder no more. Our new series From E to Z will walk you through everything you need to know about the humble egg.
Where better to start than the egg itself? It's the reason our farmers are in the business of bringing eggs to Canadians. There is so much to love about the simple egg.
One large Grade A egg in Canada contains 6 grams of protein and only 70 calories. They are a rich source of nutrients like vitamins A, D, E and B12—essential for protecting against heart disease, maintaining healthy skin and eye tissue, strengthening bones and teeth and a myriad of benefits your body needs.
This is where the magic happens! There are more than 1,000 egg farmers and farm families in Canada. In fact, you can find egg farms in each province and even in the Northwest Territories! You can also find egg farms in some out-of-the-ordinary places… make sure to read our article that shares some of the unEggspected egg farms in Canada to find out more.
Our industry and the fresh, local eggs you love, wouldn't be possible without our hens. Job #1 for egg farmers is to care for their hens. That's why they follow our Animal Care Program with important protocols related to the care, diet and environment that help ensure hens are kept healthy and Canadian eggs are made according to some of the highest quality standards in the world. With the help of this program, farmers can follow their passion: producing fresh, local, high-quality eggs for Canadian tables.
Keep your eyes peeled for part two of our E to Z series, as we tell you more about eggs and the industry that loves to make them!


text:
Court Decision Curbs Mandatory Life Without Parole Terms for Juveniles
January 1, 2016 by Dmitriy D. Orlov
Fewer juveniles are being sentenced to mandatory life imprisonment without parole, in the wake of a U.S. Supreme Court decision, a recent study concludes.
Nine states abolished life without parole for juveniles after the court's 2012 Miller v. Alabama decision, according to a study by the Phillips Black Project. Fifteen states now take that position.
"California and Florida have sharply limited its use and other states have eliminated its use for certain categories of crimes," reported Tony Mauro in an Oct. 12 story for The National Law Journal.
The Phillips Black Project is a public interest law firm that advocates ending sentencing juveniles to life without parole. Mauro concludes the study may prove to be influential when current cases are decided to "ban all juvenile sentences of life without parole."
The Miller case ruled mandatory life without parole for juveniles violated "the Eight Amendment's prohibition of 'cruel and unusual punishment.'" However, the court did not rule it unconstitutional if the sentence is optional. That is left to the discretion of the judge in each case.
The U.S. Supreme Court must now address this optional question as it considers two recent cases, Montgomery v. Louisiana and Jacobs v. Louisiana.
Most of the sentences were handed down during the "moral panic" in the 1990s, Mauro wrote. These sentences peaked at more than 100 per year in the 1990s and dropped to fewer than 10 annually since 2013.
Filed Under: Youth Offender

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
by SpaceNews Editor June 23, 2009 January 19, 2023
Sample Return a Dream Without New Rockets
Regarding Brian Berger's article in the May 18 issue ["Report: Secure Facility for Mars Samples Needed Earlier," page 15], it is certainly a good thing that the space science community is serious about the potential for Mars microorganisms to harm life on Earth, no matter how small the risk.
However, there is really no need to build a sample-receiving facility, because the community is not even a bit serious about creating a high-performance launch vehicle the size of a person. One of those is needed to lift samples off Mars, while being small enough to affordably send there without displacing science instruments from the mission.
It is no secret that such a capability is way beyond proven rocket technology, and might not even be possible within accepted engineering practice. Sadly, it is also no secret that money is only allocated when enough influential people work together to advocate a particular expenditure, promising success.
For every rocket engineer who might have ideas for launching off Mars, there are thousands of people who understand microorganisms, disease and biocontainment facilities, a thriving community of experts. There simply is no community of miniature launch vehicle experts, because it is hard to do, and there are no other customers to sustain any ongoing activity.
Some planetary science leaders do appreciate that aggressive innovation is needed for a Mars ascent vehicle. However, we have lived with an insistence that breakthroughs be scheduled in advance because of how budgets and procurement systems work, and partly because of perception – i.e. "it's just engineering." Who else understands that solving technology mysteries can be just as fascinating and inspiring as Mars science mysteries?
Let's assemble some teams of rocket engineers (and miniature avionics engineers) who primarily thrive on creative work with a reduced emphasis on accepted technical standards and programmatic process activity, then fund them sustainably with the freedom to discover within the constraints of building it small enough. Otherwise, stop pretending there's going to be a Mars Sample Return mission.
John C. Whitehead
Calif.


text:
Q: Is there any way to resize input shapes in SNPE (dlc)? I have trained a model based on Tensorflow. This model is supposed to work on the mobile phone but I have got a problem when converting froze graph (pb) to deep learning container(dlc). I have to set the input size to be constant. This cause that model can't work with any input size.
I am trying to find a way that resizes input shapes of a DLC model without initializing model with "snpe-tensorflow-to-dlc --input_dims 1,512,512,3" because this way is consuming.
Actually, I want to resize input shapes in dlc model. can anybody help me?

A: Usually deployment solutions work with fixed input shapes because they assume some widely acknowledged usage model - resize all picture of the same certain size and do inference. And due to this usage model, developers of deployment solutions do not prioritize model loading time while they usually prioritize the inference time. The same happens in SNPE, in OpenVINO, in TFLite, etc.
To illustrate the times, here is some results from Snapdragon 820. To load Inception v3 to CPU takes 715ms, to load model to DSP takes 3 seconds. Inference on CPU takes 1 sec, inference on DSP takes 100ms. You see that loading time on DSP is bigger than on CPU, but inference time is much much better.
At the same time, usually it is allowed to change a shape before loading of the model assuming that all input pictures will have different size (but again, same for all pictures) than shapes for which model was trained. For SNPE it is SNPEBuilder::setInputDimensions
If model allow to do reshape and if no bugs in SNPE implementation, the model can be reshaped and loaded.
Not sure if your usage model fits to the vision described in the first paragraph. At the same time, to have a benefit from different input size you need to develop special topology that unlikely be supported by SNPE. If you take just regular SSD and reshape it to different size and measure accuracy on validation set, the most likely you get the best result on shpaes where model was trained.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There are many DIY projects that can be done with minor effort and if you keep up maintenance on it, you will never have to worry about it again. Your furnace duct work, for example, can be replaced, cleaned, and renovated once, then all you have to do it keep up with cleaning and maintenance so that you will never have to worry about major DIY furnace duct work again.
Many minor problems turn into major ones when you neglect to keep up the maintenance on your furnace. The disposable furnace filter is the first line of defense to keep your furnace running smoothly. This filter fills up quickly during the winter months when the furnace runs more often.
What you will want to do is replace the disposable filter about every six weeks during the winter—but check to make sure if you will have to change it sooner. Depending on how hard your furnace has to work, you may have to change the disposable filter every month.
At least once a year you should also brush and vacuum the heat exchanger. This may or may not be recommended by the particular owner's manual that you have, but it is a good idea to do this anyway. It will keep all the dust and dirt in your system from building up year after year.
Because parts can wear out faster on your furnace when it has to deal with a lot of dirt, you will want to make sure that the blower blades and duct work is all functioning properly and clean before each heating season.
Air leaks in your duct system is also another place where you can find that your furnace has to work harder in order to make up for the difference. If you have found a leak in your air duct, you can correct this problem by wrapping duct tape around the leak. Make sure to wrap it a few times so that you will have the leak covered.
If you find that there are too many holes and repairs that are needing to be dealt with, you can take off the existing duct work and replace it with new. This can be done relatively easily if you are willing to take the time to make sure there are not gaps or leaks in the new system once it is installed.
Remember your safety when you are doing furnace work. If you are opening the system, it is best to turn it off and cut the power from it. Even if you are only doing some cleaning, it is still better to be safe. Also, if you know that you have allergies that can be bothered by a lot of dust, it is recommended that you wear a mask when you are cleaning out your furnace and duct work.
Cleaning your furnace duct work is a simple way to keep your system running smoothly and heating your home for years to come.


text:
(Page 1060)
WOMEN'S FOOTBALL: THAILAND AND VIETNAM STAY ON COURSE
2009, Laos, Latest NewsBy Editor AFF December 8, 2009 Leave a comment
VIENTIANE (8 Dec 2009) – It will be down to Thailand and Vietnam to decide the women's football title at the SEA Games as they set up the decisive clash in the round robin match in three days. There are only five teams taking part this year and as such the SEA Games crown will…
A STROLL FOR THAILAND; REPRIEVE FOR MALAYSIA
VIENTIANE (8 Dec 2009) – Thailand made it a walk in the park with a 9-0 thumping of Timor Leste as Malaysia gained a reprieve with a slogging 4-0 win over Cambodia in the two Group A matches at the SEA Games that was played at the Chao Anuvong Stadium today. The win has set…
THAILAND TO LEAVE OUT TOP STARS AGAINST TIMOR
VIENTIANE (7 Dec 2009) – Defending champions Thailand will be leaving out their top stars when they take on Timor Leste in their second Group A match tomorrow at the Main Stadium. In the last two matches, Timor had already conceded 18 goals as scoring just one – a 14-0 loss against Malaysia and then…
WE HAVE TO WIN OUR NEXT TWO MATCHES: RAJAGOBAL
VIENTIANE (7 Dec 2009) – Malaysia have little choice but to win their next two matches following their 3-1 loss to Vietnam in a crucial Group A tie last night. The Malaysians, who were involved in an ugly scuffle with South Korean referee Kim Jong Hyeok towards the end of the match when striker Mohd…
LAOS GO TOP OF GROUP B; YOUNG LIONS EDGE OUT MYANMAR
VIENTIANE (7 Dec 2009) – Hosts Laos beat Indonesia 2-0 to take the lead in Group B as Singapore kept up the pressure for a place in the semi-finals with a 2-1 win over Myanmar in the two matches that were played at the Chao Anuvong Stadium today. Buoyed by a capacity crowd, Laos did…
INDONESIA RUE OVER MISSED CHANCES
VIENTIANE (6 Dec 2009) – Indonesia team manager Andi Darussalam Tabusalla could not help but expressed his disappointment following the team's 2-2 draw against Singapore in their opening Group B match last night. Singapore were 2-0 in front with goals off Muhammad Safuwan Baharuddin in the sixth minute and Mohd Shaiful Esah Nain in the…
234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768697071727374757677787980818283848586878889909192939495969798991001011021031041051061071081091101111121131141151161171181191201211221231241251261271281291301311321331341351361371381391401411421431441451461471481491501511521531541551561571581591601611621631641651661671681691701711721731741751761771781791801811821831841851861871881891901911921931941951961971981992002012022032042052062072082092102112122132142152162172182192202212222232242252262272282292302312322332342352362372382392402412422432442452462472482492502512522532542552562572582592602612622632642652662672682692702712722732742752762772782792802812822832842852862872882892902912922932942952962972982993003013023033043053063073083093103113123133143153163173183193203213223233243253263273283293303313323333343353363373383393403413423433443453463473483493503513523533543553563573583593603613623633643653663673683693703713723733743753763773783793803813823833843853863873883893903913923933943953963973983994004014024034044054064074084094104114124134144154164174184194204214224234244254264274284294304314324334344354364374384394404414424434444454464474484494504514524534544554564574584594604614624634644654664674684694704714724734744754764774784794804814824834844854864874884894904914924934944954964974984995005015025035045055065075085095105115125135145155165175185195205215225235245255265275285295305315325335345355365375385395405415425435445455465475485495505515525535545555565575585595605615625635645655665675685695705715725735745755765775785795805815825835845855865875885895905915925935945955965975985996006016026036046056066076086096106116126136146156166176186196206216226236246256266276286296306316326336346356366376386396406416426436446456466476486496506516526536546556566576586596606616626636646656666676686696706716726736746756766776786796806816826836846856866876886896906916926936946956966976986997007017027037047057067077087097107117127137147157167177187197207217227237247257267277287297307317327337347357367377387397407417427437447457467477487497507517527537547557567577587597607617627637647657667677687697707717727737747757767777787797807817827837847857867877887897907917927937947957967977987998008018028038048058068078088098108118128138148158168178188198208218228238248258268278288298308318328338348358368378388398408418428438448458468478488498508518528538548558568578588598608618628638648658668678688698708718728738748758768778788798808818828838848858868878888898908918928938948958968978988999009019029039049059069079089099109119129139149159169179189199209219229239249259269279289299309319329339349359369379389399409419429439449459469479489499509519529539549559569579589599609619629639649659669679689699709719729739749759769779789799809819829839849859869879889899909919929939949959969979989991,0001,0011,0021,0031,0041,0051,0061,0071,0081,0091,0101,0111,0121,0131,0141,0151,0161,0171,0181,0191,0201,0211,0221,0231,0241,0251,0261,0271,0281,0291,0301,0311,0321,0331,0341,0351,0361,0371,0381,0391,0401,0411,0421,0431,0441,0451,0461,0471,0481,0491,0501,0511,0521,0531,0541,0551,0561,057
1,0631,0641,0651,0661,0671,0681,0691,0701,0711,0721,0731,0741,0751,0761,0771,0781,0791,0801,0811,0821,0831,0841,0851,0861,0871,0881,0891,0901,0911,0921,0931,0941,0951,0961,0971,0981,0991,1001,1011,1021,1031,1041,1051,1061,1071,1081,1091,1101,1111,1121,1131,1141,1151,1161,1171,1181,1191,1201,1211,1221,1231,1241,1251,1261,1271,1281,1291,1301,1311,1321,1331,1341,1351,1361,1371,1381,1391,1401,1411,1421,1431,1441,1451,1461,1471,1481,1491,1501,1511,1521,1531,1541,1551,1561,1571,1581,1591,1601,1611,1621,1631,1641,1651,1661,1671,1681,1691,1701,1711,1721,1731,1741,1751,1761,1771,1781,1791,1801,1811,1821,1831,1841,1851,1861,1871,1881,1891,1901,1911,1921,1931,1941,1951,1961,1971,1981,1991,2001,2011,2021,2031,2041,2051,2061,2071,2081,2091,2101,2111,2121,2131,2141,2151,2161,2171,2181,2191,2201,2211,2221,2231,2241,2251,2261,2271,2281,2291,2301,2311,2321,2331,2341,2351,2361,237


Jon and Dylan were New Orleans natives. Logan Leis came out of nowhere as he always has. Deneil was a pre-planned succesful addition to the group. All four with a driving passionate insane thirst for The Rock Of Old, these guys bring as much modern tenacity to an already rugged an durable exterior that of the early 80's. True Rock and Roll is in these boys' souls.


text:
Related Expertise: Public Sector, Economic Development
Governments Can Navigate Uncertainty to Emerge Stronger
February 25, 2020 By Vincent Chin, Patrick Hayden, Martin Reeves, Ruth Chiah, and Dwaa Osman
Governments are trying to read the economic tea leaves, and they are finding that they have more questions than answers. The global economy is in the midst of a synchronized slowdown, and although there are signs of stabilization, the outlook is highly uncertain. The known risks include the increasing level of high-risk corporate debt in OECD countries and the unpredictable direction of trade policy. The events that are difficult to predict, such as natural disasters and health pandemics, can also change the trajectory of the global economy with little warning.
How, then, can governments ensure that they not only survive unexpected economic hits—but also thrive? The answer lies in seeing adversity as an opportunity. Governments must take action now to ensure that they are ready not only to move quickly in the face of an economic downturn or crisis but also to act in a way that builds advantage for the long term. Specifically, governments should take three steps. (See the exhibit.)
Prepare, don't predict. Rather than spend more on the art of prediction, governments should invest in scenario planning and war-gaming to guide and test the robustness of their preparedness.
Respond, don't stall. Governments should work more effectively across traditional bureaucratic boundaries. They should design whole-of-government responses to a crisis and foster connections among rank-and-file civil servants to make the government more pragmatic and nimbler. And governments should collaborate more effectively with other governments and multilateral organizations.
Regenerate, don't react. Governments should use periods of economic difficulty to position their country for long-term success, and they should engage citizens in their efforts. Much as corporations must move beyond short-term, defensive responses to economic headwinds, governments can turn adversity to their advantage.
In the years ahead, governments must expect the unexpected. Those that embrace these three steps will position their country to withstand the inevitable economic shocks—and emerge from them stronger.
Prepare, Don't Predict
As both governments and private-sector companies know well, economic predictions can be maddeningly unreliable. Consider that although more than 25 subprime-lending firms in the US declared bankruptcy in February and March of 2007, it wasn't until August of that year that the Federal Reserve revised growth projections. Even the few economists and financiers who issued warnings about the housing market in the years leading up to the crash did not accurately predict the timing or consequential nature of the market collapse.
Economic predictions can be maddeningly unreliable, so governments need to prepare for multiple possibilities.
Given the difficulty of making accurate predictions, governments need to prepare for multiple possibilities—including low-probability events and unexpected ones. To this end, governments should adopt two critical, related tools: scenario planning and war-gaming.
Using scenario planning, governments can explore potential near- and long-term scenarios and develop plans for each. By thinking through potential standard operating procedures for crises, governments can better prepare for emergencies. In particular, scenario planning can help governments spot potential bottlenecks that impede effective action—and set the stage for fast policy execution in time-critical situations. Australia, for example, recently conducted a planning exercise to explore four distinct future scenarios that could come about because of factors such as technological disruption and geopolitical developments.
One approach to scenario planning is to identify megatrends and prioritize those that have the highest potential for affecting a specific area of government responsibility and that cause the greatest levels of uncertainty. Examples of salient megatrends include the rise of resource scarcities (such as water and energy), the rise of cybersecurity risks, and the centrality of social media as a source of information for citizens. Using different combinations of these trends, governments can develop and analyze a set of potential scenarios to understand how well prepared they are for an unpredictable future.
War-gaming—a time-limited exercise that simulates challenging conditions and requires participants to map out a response—is a critical tool for honing a government's rapid response capabilities. Most often associated with defense, financial war games can help governments test the speed, resilience, and adaptability of their response not only to an economic crisis but also to events such as massive hacks in government databases, a collapse in commodity prices, or a global pandemic.
War-gaming, of course, is not entirely new to governments. Financial regulators in the G7 have tested cyber-attack scenarios, and the Singaporean government has used policy-based simulations and games. And in 2009, in a top-secret weapons laboratory outside Washington, DC, the Pentagon conducted its first-ever financial war game, pitting the US against its major economic competitors. Along with Pentagon officials, this economic simulation also involved members of the US intelligence community, the US Department of the Treasury, the Federal Reserve, Wall Street, and various think tanks.
Conducting war games should become routine and incorporate exercises focused on economic cycles, including potential recessions and economic shocks. These games should be conducted not only at the central level but also at the departmental and subnational levels and include a wide variety of officials in order to understand the potential bottlenecks in a crisis. War-gaming should also include nonpublic-sector participants, such as companies, consumers, think tanks, and academics, to avoid groupthink, which is a risk when all players have the same background.
War-gaming will yield significant benefits. First, civil servants who are continuously challenged to react to various events will develop a more adaptive and agile mindset. Second, governments will have the opportunity to develop plans on the basis of key triggers under various scenarios—potentially accelerating the response to a downturn.
Respond, Don't Stall
Like most organizations, governments are often poor at anticipating or recognizing adverse events, and even when they do, cumbersome bureaucracy and rigid cultures often prevent them from reacting quickly. Governments need to engineer cooperation at the highest levels of ministries and agencies and build better connections among rank-and-file civil servants in those organizations to foster natural collaboration. At the same time, given the global nature of many challenges today—and the extensive interdependence of economies around the world—governments must improve their abilities to collaborate on an international level.
Three Critical Obstacles to Effective Government Action. Governments face three challenges in mounting a quick and effective response to a crisis, such as an economic downturn.
The first challenge is the difficulty of spotting a crisis quickly owing to governmental organization structures. Governments typically have a ministry, agency, or department structure, which can prevent information sharing even in areas where these units have overlapping responsibility. These artificial barriers can hinder governments' abilities to spot economic signals.
Organization structures can prevent information sharing, hindering the ability to spot economic signals.
The dangers of such silos were evident during the global financial crisis. In the UK, for example, the Bank of England and the Financial Services Authority (FSA), the country's financial regulator, missed signals that generally fell in each other's domains. So, when economists at the Bank of England were making decisions about monetary policy, they did not factor in issues such as the proliferation of collateralized debt obligations. The FSA, meanwhile, did not adequately consider larger systemic risks in its assessment of individual banks. As a result, the government was slow to recognize the magnitude of risk in the financial system.
The second challenge is a limited ability to execute a domestic rapid-response plan. Consider the practice of increasing government spending to stimulate a weakening economy. Ideally, government grants to subnational governments, such as states or provinces, would be countercyclical—rising when the economy is weakening and dropping when it is growing robustly. But a 2010 OECD study that analyzed the period from 1980 to 2010 found that grants from central governments to subnational governments were more volatile and generally more cyclical than subnational tax revenue. The same study also found that the flow of funds lagged the cycle by one to two years in many countries. Such a lag likely reflects both slow decision making and slow disbursement.
Indonesia, for example, passed a stimulus package in February 2009, but only 14.2% of the funds had been spent by September of that year. This slow disbursement was due in part to delays in tendering mechanisms and a lack of preparedness on the part of public servants, particularly those at the local level. Even Germany, which reacted quickly to minimize the economic effects of unemployment caused by the global financial crisis, faced delays in 2009 at the local levels. Further compounding the challenges of a rapid response is the fact that multiple ministries and agencies are needed to address an economic downturn or crisis—but they often develop their responses in relative isolation.
The third challenge is the difficulty of developing a government response in coordination with the actions of other governments and multilateral organizations. Despite recent moves toward protectionism, global economies remain highly integrated. At the same time, many issues that pose a significant economic threat—including global pandemics, climate change, and large-scale migration—require a global response. But governments struggle to collaborate internationally to address both slow-building and sudden economic disruptions.
Four Actions to Improve Government Response. Governments can, in fact, reduce or eliminate delays. In the midst of the 2009 financial crisis, for example, the Singaporean government leveraged its small-business-lending programs and the country's network of financial institutions to launch new credit programs within just six weeks of announcing the effort.
Governments should take four actions to improve the speed and effectiveness of their response to an economic downturn. First, they should make structural changes to promote collaboration among ministries, agencies, and departments. This is critical to ensuring an effective whole-of-government response.
Some governments have created a ministry or a ministry-level position to organize a cross-functional response to broad-based economic issues. Sweden, for example, has established the Ministry for the Future to assess how public policy should address the country's long-term strategic issues. Crucially, the prime minister designated the head of the ministry as a cabinet-level role, giving the unit significant status and authority. Singapore, meanwhile, has appointed senior leaders (who then have sufficient gravitas to push through policy) as coordinating ministers on cross-functional issues. So, although housing and infrastructure development are under different ministries, the newly created coordinating minister for infrastructure can ensure that when new housing developments are being built, the plans for nearby roadways, sanitation, and other requirements are also underway.
Governments that foster personal ties among people in different departments are likely to recognize danger signals more quickly.
Second, governments should foster a nimbler and naturally collaborative workforce. Governments that foster the development of strong personal ties among people working in different departments are likely to more quickly recognize danger signs—including those that indicate a downturn—and implement an effective response. Personal connections should be seen as an important complement to robust processes and systematic analyses of data.
A critical component of this effort is making ministries, agencies, and departments more permeable at all levels by fostering linkages that enable civil servants to interact easily with peers from different agencies. After all, in a crisis such as a downturn, people rely on informal networks to get around bureaucracy. Putting in a formal request to another department or ministry could take days or months—time that is simply not available in a crisis.
Governments should take steps now to encourage the development of personal networks. To help civil servants build connections, governments can offer cross-ministry leadership trainings or even greater secondment opportunities that let public-sector employees work temporarily in an outside organization. Governments can also encourage more employee rotations among agencies and ministries. The cross-pollination of talent in the public sector is relatively rare. In Australia in 2017, for example, only 2% of public servants moved among agencies.
Third, governments should try to remove barriers to data sharing among ministries and agencies. No doubt, there are signs that data is becoming more integrated as governments push to go digital. For example, vast amounts of US government data on topics such as finance, manufacturing, and climate are publicly available on the data.gov website. Still, in most countries, operational data remains walled off within various government units, and the adoption of tools for cross-functional project- and initiative-based collaboration is slow. Removing the barriers can advance both the shift toward a whole-of-government approach and an increase in pragmatism.
Fourth, governments should improve their abilities to collaborate internationally. This starts with embracing a mindset of shared costs and shared rewards. Too often, international collaborations fail because countries enter into them with a win-maximizing mindset, intending to give very little while gaining a lot. Instead, they should adopt a view that each country will shoulder a burden of costs commensurate with the benefits it derives.
With that mindset as the foundation, governments can move beyond an approach that spurs collaboration only when a crisis arises and, instead, build and constantly test operational readiness for a variety of regional or global risks. This can be done through mechanisms such as the war-gaming approach advocated above. For example, after the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s, a group of Asian countries drew on the lessons learned and developed the Chiang Mai Initiative, a multilateral currency-swap arrangement that would mitigate balance-of-payments risk and short-term liquidity challenges in a financial crisis. Rather than wait for a crisis to ensure the efficacy of the arrangement, these countries coordinate with the International Monetary Fund to routinely carry out test runs that simulate a financial crisis in member countries. Using the test results, they then improve the effectiveness of the initiative. Governments can use similar test runs to hone the operational readiness of international collaboration for a variety of potential risks.
Regenerate, Don't React
As the saying goes, in the midst of every crisis lies great opportunity. Governments should leverage the urgency created by an economic crisis—and the political capital it creates—to advance long-term goals and ambitions. In particular, governments can use periods of economic difficulty as a catalyst for transforming the economy.
Disruption has often created an opening for transformation. Finland, facing both the loss of a major trading partner (owing to the breakup of the Soviet Union) and the collapse of the financial sector in the early 1990s, took steps to transform national political and economic institutions.
Finland's influential new Science and Technology Policy Council (STPC)—a group of business leaders, university administrators, top policy makers, and union representatives—set the agenda for a national innovation system. Financial and trade policies were liberalized, and the telecommunications sector was deregulated. And despite the financial pressures created by the crisis, the STPC authorized substantial increases in funding for national R&D and higher-education institutions. The period was particularly severe for Nokia, which in 1992 began divesting businesses in order to focus on mobile communications. But by the end of the decade, Finland—with Nokia in the lead—emerged as the world's leading center for wireless communications equipment and handset manufacturing.
Sweden also has a track record of taking regenerative steps, rather than simply remedial measures, in the face of adverse events. Following the country's 1992 housing collapse, which forced the government to take over several major banks, the country took action to restore the economy's long-term health: it invested in improving education (developing a new national curriculum, for example), and it drove structural reforms (such as the deregulation of the telecommunications sector). Later, in the midst of the global financial crisis in 2009, Sweden steered additional funding into R&D: SEK 5 billion to universities and SEK 3 billion to public R&D institutions.
As governments think about how their response to an economic downturn can drive economic transformation, they should pay particular attention to implications from the rise of new industrial digital technologies that support Industry 4.0. Investments in reskilling programs, for instance, could help build the workforce needed to succeed in the future.
At the same time, governments should draw on the power of citizens to drive the transformation. Periods of economic difficulty often trigger rising citizen disenchantment with and declining trust in public institutions. Such developments can also spark increasing citizen activism, sometimes in opposition to government. Rather than trying to temper or quiet citizen involvement, governments should take action to harness that energy and build public support for the major economic transformation efforts. And they should focus on policies that ensure economic growth is inclusive and that support citizen well-being. Encouraging and building citizen engagement improves the legitimacy of the policies implemented by government, ultimately magnifying their positive impact.
Governments should draw on the power of citizens to build support for economic transformation efforts.
Some governments and public institutions have already moved in this direction. The Bank of England, for example, has established panels to gather input from citizens on issues such as pay levels, employment, and the cost of living.
Making Government Crisis-Ready
Certainly, economic signals are more encouraging than they were a year ago. But given the weakness in sectors such as manufacturing and the risks posed by a number of wildcards, governments should be sure they are ready to face a challenging economic environment.
To assess their readiness, government leaders should ask a few critical questions:
Are we prepared for a variety of scenarios, even those that may seem relatively unlikely?
Have we practiced responding to a crisis by conducting war games or other exercises—or are we waiting for "game day" to see how various ministries and agencies are able to work together?
Are we encouraging our workforce to build connections across agencies and ministries?
Are there structural changes that can be made today to ensure cooperation and data sharing at the highest levels of government?
Do we have a vision for a transformed economy and society—an outlook that would inform and shape our plans to regenerate after a crisis?
Are we actively drawing citizens into the policy development process to ensure public buy-in for major initiatives?
Governments that ask and answer these tough questions can begin to make changes that will help them not just survive—but thrive—in the face of adversity.
The authors thank Lucie Robieux for her contributions to this article.
The BCG Henderson Institute is Boston Consulting Group's strategy think tank, dedicated to exploring and developing valuable new insights from business, technology, and science by embracing the powerful technology of ideas. The Institute engages leaders in provocative discussion and experimentation to expand the boundaries of business theory and practice and to translate innovative ideas from within and beyond business. For more ideas and inspiration from the Institute, please visit our Latest Thinking page and follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter.
Vincent Chin
Managing Director & Senior Partner; Global Leader, Public Sector practice
Patrick Hayden
Global Practice Managing Director for Public Sector
Martin Reeves
Managing Director & Senior Partner, Chairman of the BCG Henderson Institute
San Francisco - Bay Area
Ruth Chiah
Lead Knowledge Analyst
Dwaa Osman
About Boston Consulting Group
Boston Consulting Group partners with leaders in business and society to tackle their most important challenges and capture their greatest opportunities. BCG was the pioneer in business strategy when it was founded in 1963. Today, we help clients with total transformation—inspiring complex change, enabling organizations to grow, building competitive advantage, and driving bottom-line impact.
To succeed, organizations must blend digital and human capabilities. Our diverse, global teams bring deep industry and functional expertise and a range of perspectives to spark change. BCG delivers solutions through leading-edge management consulting along with technology and design, corporate and digital ventures—and business purpose. We work in a uniquely collaborative model across the firm and throughout all levels of the client organization, generating results that allow our clients to thrive.
© Boston Consulting Group 2020. All rights reserved.
For information or permission to reprint, please contact BCG at permissions@bcg.com. To find the latest BCG content and register to receive e-alerts on this topic or others, please visit bcg.com. Follow Boston Consulting Group on Facebook and Twitter.
Subscribe to the BCG Henderson Institute Newsletter
A Blueprint for the Government of the Future
How to Start Building the Government of the Future
Three Principles to Guide Africa's COVID-19 Response
Building the Government Workforce of the Future
Advantage in Adversity: Winning the Next Downturn


Hypothyroidism is if you have a under-active thyroid. Signs to hypothyroid include fat gain, exhaustion, minimal sexual drive, muscles cramps, regularly to be cool and having dried-out skin nails. Hypo-thyroid can be managed among day-to-day medicine. But your foods you consume may possibly also assist the condition.How should you change your meal concerning hypothyroidism? Hypothyroid patients should actually PREVENT exorbitant levels of cruciferous greens broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens as they can SUPPRESS thyroid function. However, they need to consume foods containing iodine particularly seafood, rack fish, kelp otherwise kelp tablet supplement, iodized sodium otherwise sea sodium. Certainly One Of our existing clients is hypothyroid so we have been assisting this girl to lose excess weight by reducing dairy plus grains starting this girl diet.Hashimotos Illness.
3/ never EXERCISE OR PERHAPS STARTING AEROBIC FITNESS EXERCISE it would likely sound harsh but it is accurate. Regardless one dont love exercising to like to attain excuses why one can't attain time and energy to work out, unless you work out all the time the probabilities have you been will certainly struggle with your bodyweight the remainder of your life.
Should you assume you may have uncovered the next most crucial point with weight loss, believe once more. Lots of people undoubtedly continue concerning a few ideas that promise to lessen all figures the weighing scale they've appear throughout with. However, him or her may very well be joking on their own with. That Is Definitely really proper if it's among those most predominant lbs loss myths.
Just What people desire to promote here is permanent changes. Partial, intermittent fasts accompanied by a longer certainly one of anywhere from twenty-one in order to forty times plus beyond - based on your quality of life plus disposition. Still much fasting 1 day a week to every fourteen days can provide <blank> collective pros - so long as you understand that the main the main equation looks a whole shift within consuming plus lifestyle.
Fasting towards weight-loss then fitness reverses years of harmful damage to the human body. Fasting will help rouse inactive inspiration that can help one prepare fixed eating-habit changes. Fasting the moment only to go back to gorging is not that which we tend to be speaing frankly about here. It Is Vital to have a solid commitment to changing how we see then relate to ingredients : one day at a time.
Natalie JillThose suffering from thyroid disorders might have considerably challenges compared to those without disorder, nonetheless they can easily reside an ordinary, balanced, match lifestyle. Simply by understanding the proper balanced eating habits plus exercise all the time, it is possible to achieve your goals!Excuses or perhaps SolutionsYOU decide! comprar reductil -Natalie Jill It is tempting to begin a brand new dieting plus physical fitness regime alongside the best bang. Still, many times, the more dramatic plus sweeping the commencement, the earlier we autumn off the dieting wagon. Maybe we consume too few k-calories in the day after which can't stop that binge by just dinner time. To the overzealous workouts end in an accident and we're couch-bound for a while.
1-Drink a lot of waterEnhancing your everyday intake concerning liquids are one time-tested method suggested simply by the most fitness professionals. As an example, consuming 4 - 5 glasses of green tea daily might accelerate on your metabolic rate and certainly will burn up more then 70 calories each day. Similarly, if you should be one coffee fan, you can have this too nevertheless with no glucose. Besides consume a lot of liquid. Research reports have shown that consuming twelve glasses of liquid each day can help you keep on your liquid intake up.
Specifically people desire to improve here is everlasting modification. Partial, intermittent fasts followed closely by a lengthier among anywhere from twenty-one to forty times and beyond : dependent on your wellbeing and disposition. And Yet still fasting 1 day a week as every two weeks can provide you with group pros : when you realize that the main area of the equation try a whole shift in your consuming and life style.
Hypothyroidism was when you've got one under-active thyroid. Indications of hypothyroid include fat gain, weakness, reduced sexual drive, muscle mass cramps, always to be cold and achieving dry skin fingernails. Hypo-thyroid can be addressed with day-to-day medication. However, some sort of food you take in may also help the issue.The way in the event you alter your food to underactive thyroid? Hypothyroid patients need in fact PREVENT excessive levels of cruciferous vegetables broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussel sprouts, kale, collard greens as they possibly can SUPPRESS thyroid work. However, they need to eat food containing iodine such as seafood, rack fish, kelp or perhaps kelp tablet supplement, iodized salt or perhaps sea salt. One of the latest customers was hypothyroid and we have now been assisting her to lose excess weight by reducing dairy plus grains after her diet.Hashimotos Condition.


text:
Q: adjoint map of differentiation space "Let $V$ be the vector space of real-valued infinitely differentiable
functions $f$ on R that are periodic with period 1, that is, $f(x) = f(x + 1)$
for all $x ∈$ R. Consider the inner product $<f,g> = \int_0^1 f(x)g(x) $. Let $
D : V → V$ be the differentiation map. Find the adjoint map $D^∗
: V → V $."
I am really stuck on this problem I tried using the fact that $<Df(x),g(x)>=<f(x),D^*g(x)>$. By what is defined as the inner product, this means $\int_0^1 Df(x)g(x)dx=\int_0^1 f(x)D^*g(x)dx$. But I have no clue what to do from here... Thanks in advance for your help.

A: From integration by parts, $$\langle Df,g \rangle = \int_0^1 f'g = fg\big|_0^1 - \int_0^1fg'=-\int_0^1fg'$$
because if $f,g \in V$, then $fg|_0^1=0$.
So maybe try defining $D^*g=-g'$

A: We integrate by parts
$$\langle Df,g\rangle=\int_0^1f'(x)g(x)dx=f(x)g(x)\Bigg|_0^1-\int_0^1f(x)g'(x)dx\\=-\int_0^1f(x)g'(x)dx=\langle f,-Dg\rangle$$
since $f(1)=f(0)$ and $g(1)=g(0)$. Hence $D^*=-D$.


text:
\section{Introduction}

The observed baryon/lepton asymmetry is one of the most challenging problems nowadays. The same existence of the charged Universe means that the charge was not conserved during some period of evolution \cite{1988ZhETF..94....1D}. It seems probable that the inflation is responsible for the baryon large scale distribution and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe \cite{1991ApJ...379..427Y,KhlopovRubin}. Nevertheless, it is conserved with great accuracy at the present time. Hence, an appropriate symmetry responsible for the charge conservation should appear at a post-inflationary stage.

At the same time, the idea of extra space almost inevitably leads to charge non conservation \cite{Rubin:2018ybs, Shaposhnikov2001, Dvali2002}. Indeed, in the framework of multidimensional gravity, the observed low energy symmetries are the consequences of the extra space isometries \cite{Blagojevic}. As was discussed in Ref.~\refcite{Kirillov:2012gy} the measure of symmetric manifolds which are nucleated at the sub-planckian energies is zero. There are no any Killing vectors of nucleated manifolds in the very beginning. Hence, there are no conserved charges at the initial stages.  Charge conservation appears much later, when the extra space geometry stabilizes and acquires appropriate Killing vectors.
Therefore, it should be a period of extra space symmetrization. It is exactly what we need in our attempt to solve the  problem of the lepton/baryon asymmetry.
Modern models of extra dimensions, in particular based on the Kaluza-Klein extra dimensions, are quite diverse \cite{overduin1997kaluza, krasnov2018gravity}. Here, we assume that the baryon/lepton symmetry (asymmetry) is the consequence of the compact extra space symmetry (asymmetry).

As shown earlier in Ref.~\refcite{Rubin:2018ybs} the high energy dynamics of the extra space metric leads to a charge accumulation that is conserved at low energies. Scalar fields can accumulate a substantial amount of such charge which could be a reason for the observable lepton or baryon asymmetry of the Universe. In reality, this asymmetry is maintained by fermions rather than the scalar field.

In this paper, we elaborate the mechanism of the charge transition from the scalar field to the fermions. In our approach, the charge relates to the internal momentum that concerns both scalar and spinor fields. The particles of the scalar field decay into fermions, and the internal momentum transits from the scalar field to fermions.
Notice that the mechanism proposed in our work differs significantly from the Affleck-Dine mechanism \cite{affleck1985new}, in which a scalar field carrying the baryon number is inserted manually.

It was shown in the Ref.~\refcite{Gogberashvili_2007} that a compact apple-shaped extra space with an angle excess gives rise a fermion triplet in the massless KK-mode. In our work, we base on the fact that the fermion triplet arising in such a geometry has a conserved number --- the angular momentum associated with the rotational symmetry of the extra space. We interpret it as a baryon/lepton number. Here we study and clarify the subject.

\section{Model setup}
Our model is based on the 6-dimensional space $M$, which is the direct product of 4-dim space $M_4$ and 2-dimensional compact extra space $K$. We use the following notation: $X_A$ --- 6-dim coordinates, $x_\alpha$ --- 4-dim coordinates, $y_a$ --- 2-dim extra coordinates, $G_{MN}$ --- 6-dim metric, $g_{\mu\nu}$ --- 4-dim metric and $k_{mn}$ --- 2-dim extra metric. From $M=M_4\times K$ follows that determinant $\sqrt{|G(X)|}=\sqrt{|g(x)|}\sqrt{|k(y)|}$. The structure of compact space is discussed below.

The multidimensional fermion field is other necessary component. As we show below, these fermions could carry the lepton/baryon number.
Also, we have to introduce the scalar field which is responsible for the accumulation of this number and its interaction with the fermions to transfer the number. Thus, the action consists of the following terms:

\begin{align}\label{Aaction}
&S=S_{\text{grav}}+S_{\text{matter}}\,,\nonumber\\
&S_{\text{matter}}=S_{\Phi}+S_{\Psi}+S_{\text{int}}\,.
\end{align}

The term $S_{\Phi}$ represents the action for the 6-dim scalar field. Its role is the number (the lepton/baryon number) storage at the early period of the Universe evolution.
The term $S_{\Psi}$ describes the fermions acting in the 6-dim space. The term $S_{\text{int}}$ contains scalar-fermion interaction which is responsible for the number transfer to the fermions.

The lepton/baryon number is accumulated in the classical part of the scalar field during the inflation \cite{nikulin2019inflationary}. After the inflation is finished, this number is transferred into the fermions. The aim of this research is to study this transition in detail. We will only be interested in the material part of the action. The issues of gravitational stability and evolution of the extra space are discussed in various papers \cite{nikulin2020formation,Bronnikov:2020tdo}.

\subsection{6-dimensional fields}

The Lagrangian of the scalar field and its interaction with the fermion field is chosen as simple as possible
\begin{equation}\label{scaction}
S_{\Phi}+S_{\text{int}}=\int d^{6} X \sqrt{|G|}\left[\frac{1}{2}\partial_M\Phi \partial^M\Phi-V(\Phi)+f\Phi\Bar{\Psi}\Psi\right]\,.
\end{equation}
In this work, we do not specify the form of the potential $V(\Phi)$ --- it can be ignored and it is used only in subsection \ref{Higgs}.

Fermions acting in the curved 6-dim space-time are described by action \cite{Blagojevic}
\begin{equation}\label{action}
S_{\Psi}=\int\sqrt{|G|}\,d^{6}X\,\,i \overline{\Psi} h_{\tilde{A}}^{B} \hat\Gamma^{\tilde{A}} \nabla_{B} \Psi\,,
\end{equation}
where $\Gamma^{\tilde{A}}$ is the flat gamma matrices, $G_{AB}$ is the metric and $h_{\tilde{A}}^{B}$ is the frame field. The latter relates to the metric as follows:
\begin{equation}\label{mettet}
G_{A B}=h_{A}^{\widetilde{A}} h_{B}^{\widetilde{B}} \eta_{\widetilde{A} \widetilde{B}}\,.
\end{equation}
We choose the gamma matrices in 6 dimensions (two extra coordinates $y_a$ are denoted as $\theta,\varphi$) as follows
\begin{equation}\label{gamma}
\hat\Gamma_{\nu}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}{\gamma_{\nu}} & {0} \\ {0} & {-\gamma_{\nu}}\end{array}\right), \quad \hat\Gamma_{\theta}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}{0} & {-1} \\ {1} & {0}\end{array}\right), \quad \hat\Gamma_{\varphi}=\left(\begin{array}{cc}{0} & {i} \\ {i} & {0}\end{array}\right)\,.
\end{equation}

The covariant derivative of the fermion field is expressed in terms of the spin connection:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{covder}
\nabla_A\Psi&=&\left(\partial_A+\frac{1}{4}\omega_{A\,\tilde{M}\tilde{N}} \left[\hat\Gamma^{\tilde{M}}\hat\Gamma^{\tilde{N}}\right] \right)\Psi\,,
\end{eqnarray}
where the spin connection is expressed in terms of the Christoffel symbols (there is no torsion in our model) and the tetrads:
\begin{equation}\label{spcon}
\omega_{A\,\tilde{M}\tilde{N}} = h_{\tilde{M}M} \Gamma^M_{AN}h_{\tilde{N}}^N + h_{\tilde{M}M} \partial_A h_{\tilde{N}}^M\,.
\end{equation}

\subsection{Compact extra space}

As is well known, the charge conservation is related to a Lagrangian invariance under a group transformation. In our case, we interpret such invariance as an extra space geometric isometry. Therefore, the extra space metric should be invariant under group transformations. Our analysis is based on metrics that possess U(1) isometry. The simplest example of such sort is the 2-dim apple-like metric
\begin{equation}\label{metr}
d s^{2}=g_{\mu \nu}\left(x^{\alpha}\right) d x^{\mu} d x^{\nu}-r_0^2 e^{2\beta(\theta)} \left(d \theta^{2}+b^{2} \sin ^{2} \theta\,d \varphi^{2}\right).
\end{equation}

Here $g_{\mu \nu} \left(x^{\alpha}\right)$ is 4-dim metric, $r_0$ is the radius of compact 2-dim extra space, coefficient $\beta(\theta)$ defines geometry of extra space, parameterized by azimuthal angle $\theta$, and $b$ is the parameter, related to the deficit or excess of angle $\varphi$ in the extra space.
This metric has been discussed in Ref.~\refcite{Gogberashvili_2007} where the variety of analytical results were obtained. Also, such kind of manifolds have been revealed Refs.~\refcite{2016arXiv160907361R,Gani:2014lka,Rubin:2018ybs,Bronnikov:2020tdo} as the static numerical solutions to the generalized Einstein equations. Some of such solutions can be approximated by metric \eqref{metr} which strongly facilitate the analysis below.

The Dirac equation for a multidimensional fermion field has the form
\begin{equation}\label{dirac}
i h_{\tilde{A}}^{B} \hat\Gamma^{\tilde{A}} \nabla_{B}\Psi = 0\,,\quad  h.c. = 0\,.
\end{equation}
where the tetrad
\begin{equation}\label{tetrad}
h^B_{\widetilde{A}} =\left(\delta_{\widetilde{\mu}}^{B}\,,\, \frac{1}{r_0 e^{2\beta(\theta)}} \delta_{\widetilde{\theta}}^{B}\,,\, \frac{1}{b r_0 e^{2\beta(\theta)} \sin \theta} \delta_{\widetilde{\varphi}}^{B}\right)\,.
\end{equation}
is associated with the metric \eqref{mettet},\eqref{metr}.

The solution to this equation can be decomposed as:
\begin{equation}\label{decomp}
\Psi\left(X\right) = \sum_{j} Y_j(\theta,\varphi) \Psi_j(x) = \sum_{jl} e^{i l \varphi} \left(\begin{array}{l}{Y^+_{jl}(\theta) \psi_{jl}(x)} \\ {Y^-_{jl}(\theta) \xi_{jl}(x)}\end{array}\right)\,,
\end{equation}
where $\psi_{jl}$ and $\xi_{jl}$ is 4-dim Dirac spinors, and  $Y^+_{jl}$, $Y^-_{jl}$ is complete set of functions (that is the eigenfunctions of the corresponding operator, see \ref{app3} for definition). Number $j$ corresponds to the energy (mass) level of KK-tower and varies from 0 to infinity. We are interested only in massless modes $j=0$.

The integer number $l$ varies in the range $-b < 2l < b$ (see \ref{app3}) and can be associated with the internal angular momentum. This number could describe the triplet of fermions in the ground state if the extra space angle excess varies in the interval $2<b\le4$.

\subsection{Effective low-energy 4-dim action}

Let us obtain the effective 4-dim action starting from its initial form \eqref{action}. Using Kaluza-Klein decomposition \eqref{decomp} (see \ref{app3}, \eqref{dirdecomp},\eqref{massmatr}) and extra space tetrad \eqref{tetrad} we get 4-dim action for the 4-dim fermions (KK-tower):

\begin{eqnarray}
S &=&\int\sqrt{|G|}\,d^{6} X\,\,\overline{\Psi} h_{\tilde{A}}^{B} \hat\Gamma^{\tilde{A}} \nabla_{B} \Psi =\nonumber\\
&=&\int\sqrt{|g|}\sqrt{|k|}\,d^{4}x\,d^2y \left(i \overline{\Psi} h_{\tilde{\mu}}^{\nu} \hat\Gamma^{\tilde{\mu}} \nabla_{\nu}\Psi + i \overline{\Psi} h_{\tilde{m}}^{n} \hat\Gamma^{\tilde{m}} \nabla_{n}\Psi\right)= \nonumber\\
&=&\int\sqrt{|g|}\,d^{4}x\, \sum\limits_{jl}  \left(i \overline{\psi}_{jl} h_{\tilde{\mu}}^{\nu} \gamma^{\tilde{\mu}} \nabla_{\nu}\psi_{jl} + i \overline{\xi}_{jl} h_{\tilde{\mu}}^{\nu} \gamma^{\tilde{\mu}} \nabla_{\nu}\xi_{jl}\, +\right.\nonumber\\
&&\hphantom{\int\sqrt{|g|}\,d^{4}x\, \sum\limits_{jl}\left(\right.} \left.
+\,M_j\overline{\psi}_{jl}\xi_{jl} +  M^\prime_j\overline{\xi}_{jl}\psi_{jl}\right)\,.
\end{eqnarray}

It can be seen that the masses of nonzero modes $j\neq0$ are proportional to the inverse radius of the extra space $M_j,M^\prime_j \sim h^n_{\tilde{m}} \sim 1/r_0$. We are not interested in massive modes $j\neq0$, since they are extremely heavy due to small extra space size $r_0\ll10^{-19}$ cm \cite{Deutschmann2017CurrentDimensions, nikulin2019inflationary}.

Further, we consider only massless modes $\psi_{0l}=\psi_{l},\,\xi_{0l}=\xi_{l}$. As we have indicated above (and in \ref{app3}) there are three independent modes for the ground state $j=0$: $l=-1,0,1$. Thus, the low-energy effective action contains two 4-dimensional fermion triplets:
\begin{eqnarray} \label{psixi}
S&=&\int\sqrt{|g|}\,d^{4} x\, \sum\limits_l \left(i \overline{\psi}_{l} \gamma^{\mu} \partial_{\mu} \psi_{l} + i \overline{\xi}_{l} \gamma^{\mu} \partial_{\mu} \xi_{l}\right)\,,\qquad l=-1,0,+1\,.
\end{eqnarray}

The fermions $\psi_{l}$ and $\xi_{l}$ are indistinguishable from the 4-dimensional point of view, so further we will focus on one of them: $\psi_{l}=\{\psi_{-1},\psi_{0},\psi_{+1}\}$.

\section{Internal momentum as the lepton/baryon number}\label{III}

We will show in this section that fermions $\psi_l$ and $\xi_l$ \eqref{psixi} carry the lepton/baryon number, so it would be reasonable to identify them with the known particles of the Standard Model. Nevertheless, we do not set ourselves such a task, trying to demonstrate the mechanism of lepton/baryon number generation on a toy model.

\subsection{Internal momentum conservation}

The geometric symmetries give rise the conserved currents $\nabla_A J^A=0$ and the conserved charges associated with them \cite{Blagojevic}. Here we consider the compact symmetric extra dimensions. Let the extra{--}spatial metric $k_{mn}$ remains invariant under the infinitesimal isometries $y^m\rightarrow y^m+\xi^m(y)$, where $\xi^m(y)$ is the Killing vector field. According to the Noether's theorem there is a conserved current associated with such invariance. This current is given by
\begin{equation}
J^A=\frac{\partial L_\text{m}(\chi)}{\partial(\partial_A \chi)}\xi^b\partial_b\chi - \xi^A L_\text{m}(\chi)\,,
\end{equation}
for any matter field $\chi$. Here $L_\text{m}$ is a Lagrangian of matter.
The corresponding conserved number
\begin{equation}\label{numb}
Q =\int J^0 \sqrt{|G|}\, d^3x\,d^2y\,.
\end{equation}

In the lower (vacuum) state, the metric of the extra space \eqref{metr} comes to the unperturbed axially symmetrical configuration: $\beta(y)=\beta(\theta)$ \cite{2017JCAP...10..001B}. The corresponding symmetry is just rotational symmetry along coordinate $\varphi$. It is characterized by the Killing vector field, which in spherical coordinates has the form \cite{nikulin2020formation,gani2015two,banerjee2004gauge}:
\begin{equation}\label{killing}
\xi^m=\left(\begin{array}{l}
     0 \\
     1
\end{array}\right)\,.
\end{equation}

The conserved number $Q$, corresponding to the Killing vector \eqref{killing}, has the meaning of the total internal angular momentum of the fields along the coordinate $\varphi$:
\begin{equation}\label{QQ}
Q = Q_\Psi + Q_\Phi =\int J^0 \sqrt{|G|}\, d^3x d^2y = \text{const}\,.
\end{equation}
where $J^0$ is time component of  corresponding conserved current for action $S_{\Phi} + S_{\Psi}$. It has the following form:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{J0}
J^0 = J^0_\Psi + J^0_\Phi &=& \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_0\Psi)} \partial_\varphi\Psi + \frac{\partial\mathcal{L}}{\partial (\partial_0\Phi)} \partial_\varphi\Phi = \nonumber\\
&=& i \overline{\Psi} h_{\tilde{A}}^{0} \Gamma^{\tilde{A}} \partial_{\varphi} \Psi + \partial^0 \Phi\partial_\varphi \Phi\,,
\end{eqnarray}

In the rest of the section \ref{III}, we will consider only the fermion part of \eqref{J0}. In section \ref{IV} we explain why the fermion field alone is not enough to generate the lepton/baryon number, and describe the reason for introducing the scalar field.

\subsection{Effective 4-dim lepton/baryon number}

From the 4-dim observer point of view, the fermion part of conserved current takes the form:
\begin{equation}\label{j0}
j^\mu_\Psi=\frac{\partial\mathcal{L}_4}{\partial (\partial_\mu\psi_l)}t_{ll'}\psi_{l'} = i\sum\limits_l l\,\overline{\psi_{l}}\gamma^\mu\psi_{l}\,,
\end{equation}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{L4T}
\mathcal{L}_4=\sum\limits_l i \overline{\psi}_{l} \gamma^{\mu} \partial_{\mu} \psi_{l}\,,\qquad
t_{ll'}=\int Y_{0l} \, \partial_\varphi Y_{0l'} \sqrt{|k|}\,  d^2 y = il\delta_{ll'}\,,
\end{eqnarray}
where we consider only $\psi_l$ fields in effective Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}_4$ \eqref{psixi}. Right equation in \eqref{L4T} represents the effective 4-dim generator matrix of primordial 6-dim geometric extra space symmetry (for general explanation, see the \ref{app1}).

Associated conserved number $Q_\Psi$ takes the form:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Q}
Q_\Psi&=&\int j^0_\Psi \,\sqrt{|g|}\,d^3x =\nonumber\\
&=&\int i (\psi_{+1}^\dagger \psi_{+1} - \psi_{-1}^\dagger \psi_{-1})\,\sqrt{|g|}\,d^3x = N_{\psi_{+1}} - N_{\psi_{-1}} =\text{const}\,,
\end{eqnarray}
where the capital letter $ N_\psi$ denotes the 4-dim fermion number of the corresponding particle (the number of particles minus the number of antiparticles), which is positive for an excess of matter and negative for an excess of antimatter.

We see, that internal (extra space) momentum of the multidimensional fermion field is equal to the difference of fermion numbers of its effective 4-dim components with opposite index $l$ and it is conserved. We will interpret the internal momentum $Q_\Psi$ as lepton/baryon number.

\subsection*{Remark on the fermion number}

The fermion action \eqref{action} is invariant under the global phase transformation $\Psi \rightarrow e^{i\theta} \Psi$. This symmetry, in contrast to the one discussed above, is the symmetry of the Lagrangian itself and does not relate to the symmetry of extra space metric. The global invariance is responsible for the conservation of the total multidimensional fermion number
\begin{eqnarray}\label{NN}
N_\Psi&=&\int \Bar{\Psi}\hat\Gamma^0\Psi \sqrt{|G|}\,d^3x\,d^2y = \int \Psi^\dagger\Psi \sqrt{|g|}\sqrt{|k|}\,d^3x\,d^2y=\nonumber\\
&=&\int \sum\limits_l\psi_{l}^\dagger \psi_{l} \,\sqrt{|g|}\,d^3x
= N_{\psi_{+1}} + N_{\psi_{0}} + N_{\psi_{-1}} =
\text{const}\,,
\end{eqnarray}

The particles $\psi_{+1}$ and antiparticles $\psi_{-1}$ have positive lepton (baryon) number $Q_\Psi$, see \eqref{Q}. Therefore we identify these particles with leptons (baryons). A nonzero value $Q_\Psi$ points to a nonzero difference between the leptons (baryons) and antileptons (antibaryons) --- the lepton (baryon) asymmetry.

\section{Lepton/baryon number generation}\label{IV}

In the previous section, we have shown that the effective 4-dimensional fermions $ \psi_l $ carry a conserved number related to the extra space U(1) symmetry which we associate with the lepton/baryon symmetry.
At high energies, during the inflation, the geometry of extra space will be disturbed by gravitational waves. The extra space metric has no isometries and, as a consequence, lepton/baryon number \eqref{Q} --- is not conserved \cite{nikulin2020formation}. However, such a process of lepton/baryon number accumulation is forbidden by the quantum nature of fermions (spin-statistics theorem), which cannot be accumulated in the form of coherent field oscillations.

A scalar field can accumulate such a number in the form of coherent oscillations. This is the reason for the introduction of a scalar field in the model. The Lagrangian term for its interaction with fermions provides the transfer of lepton/baryon charge from the scalar particles to fermions. Note that the scalar field also have a lepton/baryon number because it acts in the same extra space. Thus, according to our model the accumulation of the total number \eqref{QQ} takes place only in the scalar field during inflation.

\subsection{Internal momentum of scalar field}

The scalar field charge relates to its internal momentum in the extra space and has the form
\begin{equation}
Q_\Phi=\int \partial^0\Phi\,\partial_\varphi\Phi \sqrt{|G|}\,d^3x\,d^2y\,
\end{equation}
following from the expression \eqref{J0}.
Total charge
\begin{eqnarray}\label{QQQ}
Q&=&\int J^0 \sqrt{|G|}\,d^3x\,d^2y = \int j^0_\Psi \sqrt{|g|}\, d^3x + Q_\Phi = \nonumber\\
&=&i\int \left(\psi_{+1}^\dagger \psi_{+1} - \psi_{-1}^\dagger \psi_{-1}\right)\sqrt{|g|}\,d^3x + Q_\Phi =\nonumber\\
&=& N_{\psi_{+1}} - N_{\psi_{-1}} + Q_{\Phi}=\text{const}
\end{eqnarray}
includes both the fermion and boson part. This charge is conserved after the inflation is finished and the extra space metric is stabilized. Under these conditions the total fermion number \eqref{NN} is also conserved:
\begin{equation}\label{NNN}
N_\Psi = N_{\psi_{+1}} + N_{\psi_{0}} + N_{\psi_{-1}} =
\text{const}\,.
\end{equation}

Thus, if we consider only massless fermions $ \psi_l $, the field $ \Phi $ can decay into 3 different modes: $l =  -1,0,+ 1 $. Because of the conservation laws \eqref{QQQ}, \eqref{NNN}, the non-zero momentum $ Q_\Phi $ (for example, with a positive sign) can transferred into the $ \psi_{+1} $ mode with the simultaneous generation of a similar number of antifermions $ \psi_0 $. If we identify the lepton (baryon) number with the $ +1 $ mode, we obtain a mechanism for generating lepton (baryon) asymmetry.

\subsection{Decay of scalar field perturbations}

Consider the Yukawa term in action \eqref{scaction} and expand it over the vacuum state of the scalar field $\Phi(y)=\Phi_\text{vac}(y)+\delta\Phi(y)$:
\begin{equation}\label{Yukawa}
S_{\text{int}}=\int \sqrt{|G|}\,d^{6}X \,f\Phi\Bar{\Psi}\Psi = \int \sqrt{|G|}\,d^{6}X \,(f\Phi_\text{vac}\Bar{\Psi}\Psi+f\delta\Phi\Bar{\Psi}\Psi)\,.
\end{equation}

The second term describes the interaction of scalar field perturbations and the fermions. It is the scalar field perturbations $\delta\Phi$ that accumulate the total nonzero internal moment during inflation.

After decomposition and integration over the extra coordinates, the effective 4-dimensional interaction acquires the form
\begin{equation}\label{sint}
S'_{\text{int}}=\int \sqrt{|G|}\,d^6X\,f\delta\Phi\Bar{\Psi}\Psi=\int \sqrt{|g|}\,d^{4}x\,\left[f A^{lm}\Bar{\psi}_{l}\psi_{m} + f B^{lm}\Bar{\xi}_{l}\xi_{m}\right]\,,
\end{equation}
where functions $A^{lm}(x),B^{lm}(x)$ can be considered as classical  4-dimensional sources proportional to the scalar field fluctuations $\delta\Phi$: \begin{eqnarray}
A^{lm}(x) = \int \delta\Phi(x,\theta,\varphi) Y^+_{l}(\theta)^* Y^+_{m}(\theta)e^{i(l-m)\phi}\,\sqrt{|k|}\,d^2y\,,\nonumber\\
B^{lm}(x) = \int \delta\Phi(x,\theta,\varphi) Y^-_{l}(\theta)^* Y^-_{m}(\theta)e^{i(l-m)\phi}\,\sqrt{|k|}\,d^2y\,.
\end{eqnarray}

The vertices corresponding to the interaction \eqref{sint} describe the decay of the scalar field condensate $\delta\Phi$ into effective 4-dimensional fermions $\psi_l, \xi_l$:

\vspace{0.4cm}
\begin{fmffile}{d1}
\begin{minipage}{0.55\textwidth}
\begin{center}
\begin{fmfgraph*}(60,37)
    \fmfleft{i1}
    \fmfright{o1,o2}
    \fmfv{label=$A^{lm}$,l.a=180,l.d=.1w}{i1}
    \fmfv{label=$\psi_{l}$,l.a=0,l.d=.05w}{o1}
    \fmfv{label=$\overline{\psi}_m$,l.a=0,l.d=.05w}{o2}
    \fmfv{label=$f$,l.a=110,l.d=.1w}{w1}
    \fmf{fermion}{o2,w1,o1}
    \fmf{dashes}{i1,w1}
    \fmfdot{w1}
    \fmfv{decor.shape=cross}{i1}
\end{fmfgraph*}
\end{center}
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{0.2\textwidth}
\begin{fmfgraph*}(60,37)
    \fmfleft{i1}
    \fmfright{o1,o2}
    \fmfv{label=$B^{lm}$,l.a=180,l.d=.1w}{i1}
    \fmfv{label=$\xi_l$,l.a=0,l.d=.05w}{o1}
    \fmfv{label=$\overline{\xi}_{m}$,l.a=0,l.d=.05w}{o2}
    \fmfv{label=$f$,l.a=110,l.d=.1w}{w1}
    \fmf{fermion}{o2,w1,o1}
    \fmf{dashes}{i1,w1}
    \fmfdot{w1}
    \fmfv{decor.shape=cross}{i1}
\end{fmfgraph*}
\end{minipage}
\end{fmffile}

\subsection{Higgs mechanism}\label{Higgs}

We assumed zero masses of the fermions from the beginning. In theories with extra dimensions, there are a variety of ways to give mass to the fermions. For example, in Ref.~\refcite{neronov2002fermion} the emergence of masses and mixing is associated with the presence of angular momentum in the extra space.

For our purposes, there is already a scalar field that naturally induces the Higgs mechanism.
Consider the first term in \eqref{Yukawa}:
\begin{eqnarray}\label{effmass}
S_\text{int} &=& \int \sqrt{|G|}\,d^{6}X\, f\Phi_\text{vac}\overline{\Psi}\Psi
=\nonumber\\
&=&\int \sqrt{|g|} d^{4}x \Bigg[\left(\int\sqrt{|k|}\,d^{2}y\, \Phi_\text{vac}(y)(Y^+_l)^*Y^+_m\right)\overline{\psi}_l\psi_m +\nonumber\\
&&\hphantom{\int \sqrt{|g|}\, d^{4}x}+\left(\int\sqrt{|k|}\,d^{2}y\, \Phi_\text{vac}(y)(Y^-_l)^*Y^-_m\right)\overline{\xi}_l\xi_m\Bigg] =\nonumber\\
&=&\int \sqrt{|g|}\,d^{4}x\, (M^+_{lm}\overline{\psi}_l\psi_m + M^-_{lm}\overline{\xi}_l\xi_m)\,.
\end{eqnarray}
In \eqref{effmass}, we used the expansion of fermions in terms of eigenfunctions \eqref{decomp}. The vacuum state $\Phi_\text{vac}$ is a homogeneous in 4 dimensions and stationary solution of the Klein-Gordon equation:
\begin{equation}
\Box_M\Phi_\text{vac}(X)+V'(\Phi_\text{vac})=\Box_K\Phi_\text{vac}(y)+V'(\Phi_\text{vac})=0
\end{equation}
where $\Box_M, \Box_K$ is the multidimensional and extradimensional d'Alembert operators, respectively. Due to the rotational symmetry of the vacuum state, $\Phi_\text{vac}(y)=\Phi_\text{vac}(\theta)$, which leads to the diagonalization of the matrices $M^{\pm}_{lm}\sim\int e^{i(l-m)\varphi}d\varphi \sim \delta_{lm}$.

The structure of eigenfunctions according to the \ref{app1} is as follows
\begin{align}
Y^+_{+1}=Y^-_{-1}\sim \cot(\theta/2)\quad&\implies\quad m_{\phi_{+1}}=m_{\xi_{-1}}=m_+\,,\nonumber\\
Y^-_{+1}=Y^+_{-1}\sim \tan(\theta/2)\quad&\implies\quad m_{\xi_{+1}}=m_{\psi_{-1}}=m_-\,,\nonumber\\
Y^-_{0}=Y^+_{0}\sim 1\qquad\qquad&\implies\quad m_{\phi_{0}}=m_{\xi_{0}}=m_0\,.
\end{align}

Thus, 3 different masses arise, determined by the dependence of the eigenfunction on the azimuthal angle $\theta$. In addition, due to the azimuthal asymmetry of the apple-like extra space, a hierarchy arises $m_+<m_0<m_-$.

\section{Conclusion}

In this paper, we study a possible mechanism for generating the lepton/baryon number and its subsequent conservation based on the extra space evolution. The internal momentum is associated with the number.

Our first articles \cite{Rubin:2018ybs} were devoted to the accumulation of charge in extradimensional scalar field excitations. It is assumed that the metrics of manifolds initially do not have symmetries. The symmetries appear later due to the entropy growth \cite{Kirillov:2012gy,nikulin2020formation}.
Here we continue the research and study the way of the charge transition from the scalar field to the leptons/baryons.

We consider a toy multidimensional field model that allows us to establish how the internal angular momentum is accumulated in the scalar field and finally transferred to the fermions.

The developed model demonstrates the consequences of the symmetry restoration in Kaluza-Klein theories. The mechanism itself is quite general and can be applied to any other internal symmetry (for example, baryonic, electroweak, etc.). Nevertheless, a realistic implementation of this mechanism, which makes it possible to obtain the known SM leptons/baryons in the low-energy limit, is questionable. The research in this direction will be the subject of our further studies.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Project ``Fundamental properties of elementary particles and cosmology'' N 0723-2020-0041.
The work of S.R. has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


american flag football helmet helmets.
wedding facebook cover you made the wait worth it anniversary.
jumbo classic chanel bag green quilted lambskin chevron flap black caviar.
long grey dresser 9 drawer furniture stores in nj cheap.
brass coffee table with glass top antique more views.
who gets a boutonniere at the wedding corsages for weddings best mother images on flower bracelet mens uk.
u shaped outdoor cushions chair cushion pads d odd replacement.
jewel tones clothes satchel specialist vegan handbag home improvement license suffolk county.
ultra high waisted swim bottoms classic waist bottom.


If you have heard a child say something funny enough to repeat, Submit Them Here!
3 year old girl sees a picture of her mom and uncle when they were kids.
Girl: I want to be in that picture!
Mom: But honey, you weren't born when we took that.
5th grade girl at a picnic with her class. There are submarine sandwiches for lunch.
Girl: Wow! This is really good! I've never had a sandwich before!
Teacher: Like, this kind of sandwich?
Girl: No, any kind. I've never had one before.
Conrad (5 yrs old): Mom, I want a naked hotdog because that's how I always like my hot dogs.
Conrad: Unless it's Saturday because on Saturdays you only eat hot dogs with buns. Mom, is it Saturday?
Daughter (6yrs old): I didn't know you knew how to do dishes!?
*DISCLAIMER – For the protection of the children involved, no real names will be used. When necessary, all boys will be named Conrad and all girls will be named Casey, after my two childhood dogs.
Attempting to teach future generations the benefits of a nerdy life, Nate spends his days molding the minds of children, and his nights nerding it up anyway he can. Trek over Wars, Michigan over State, and Marvel over DC. What else do you need to know?


Angelika Zerfaß studied Chinese/Japanese and computational linguistics at the University of Bonn, Germany. After her studies she worked for the Japanese Embassy in Bonn and then for Trados in Japan, Germany and the US. Since 2000 she has been providing independent consultancy, training and technical support for translation tools from her company based in Germany for clients all over the world. She is a frequent speaker at translation and localization industry events.


How did Lenin manage to take over a vast Empire with a rag-tag bunch of fanatics, and maintain Communist rule instead of being quickly deposed? Obviously there were the particular circumstances of that time and place. But mainly it was because he was more ruthless, not just than his enemies, but more ruthless than anyone imagined was possible. Lenin imagined the unimaginable and didn't fear to enact it. His enemies repeatedly failed to understand how far he was prepared to go to win (and of course Stalin kept this up in spades). They were, in a way, fighting the war in a more restricted mental space than him. As a result, he could run rings around them; they were like Flatlanders dealing with a three-dimensional being.
The situation is the same with Theresa May and Olly Robbins. Their enemies imagine that May's team are fighting a conventional British political war, where fair play and traditional morality and British shame and decency play their usual roles. But they're not. They're fighting a dirty Leninist war and will go to any lengths to win, lengths that their opponents cannot even imagine they'll go to. Just when you think you've put them into an unwinnable position, they'll take nanny hostage, and then slit her throat. This is not conventional warfare. This is a scorched-Earth, winner-takes-all battle.
They don't even understand the game she's playing. A 'tin ear'? Perhaps he's being as polite as he can be to prevent all-out party warfare, but I think he's the sort of person who gets herded into a gulag and still thinks things will be sorted out in a few days.
And all-out party warfare is exactly what the Tories need, pronto.


text:
This Jack Kid Nails "Rude Mood" Like A Darn Pro
Photo Credit: YouTube Channel jackmstrat
Killed It!
"Rude Mood" is a track from Stevie Ray Vaughan's album, Texas Flood.
This blues instrumental was once nominated for Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance in 1984. SRV has performed this song live several times and he often surprises the crowd by doing certain variations such as using an acoustic guitar, or playing faster than the studio version or sometimes slower. The song starts and sections end with the same riff, however. Because Stevie Ray Vaughan is well-known for challenging pieces, this song is played at 264 beats per minute.
The Texas Flood album was recorded on November 24, 1982 and released on June 13, 1983. But this track was also included in the Live at Montreux 1982 DVD.
"Stevie Ray Vaughan never played a song the same way twice, a fact that contributes to the unique significance of his live recordings; the interpretations of this classic blues material are endless." – Paste Magazine
Check out this young kid channel his inner SRV. He's a future rockstar!


text:
Increase Your Audience Reach With Facebook Ad Targeting
Search engine optimization (SEO) is the practice of increasing the quantity and quality of traffic to your website through organic search engine results.
All major search engines such as Google, Bing and Yahoo have primary search results, where web pages and other content such as videos or local listings are shown and ranked based on what the search engine considers most relevant to users.
Here's how it works: Google (or any search engine you're using) has a crawler that goes out and gathers information about all the content they can find on the Internet. The crawlers bring all those 1s and 0s back to the search engine to build an index. That index is then fed through an algorithm that tries to match all that data with your query.
I wouldn't worry about going ahead and disavowing links even if you don't have a message in your Webmaster console.
Matt Cutts	American Software Engineer
This section of our site is here to help you learn anything you want about SEO. If you're completely new to the topic, start at the very beginning and read the Beginner's Guide to SEO. If you need advice on a specific topic, dig in wherever suits you. Once you're ready to start walking that SEO walk, it's time to apply those SEO techniques to a site, whether it's brand new or an old one you're improving. A site isn't really a site until you have content. But SEO for content has enough specific variables that we've given it its own section.
Dig deep into everything you ever needed to know about links from anchor text to redirection. Read this series of pages to understand how and when to use nofollow and whether guest blogging is actually dead. If you're more into the link building side of things (working to improve the rankings on your site by earning links), go straight to the Beginner's Guide to Link Building.
SOCIAL How Social Media Can Maximize ROI on your Marketing Investment
Why Brands Should Care About Social Search Optimization
Facebook Marketing Strategy How To Drive Sales Through Facebook
These monstrous storage facilities hold thousands of machines processing large quantities of information very quickly. When a person performs a search at any of the major engines, they demand results instantaneously; even a one- or two-second delay can cause dissatisfaction, so the engines work hard to provide answers as fast as possible. Search engines are answer machines. When a person performs an online search, the search engine scours its corpus of billions of documents and does two things: first, it returns only those results that are relevant or useful to the searcher's query; second, it ranks those results according to the popularity of the websites serving the information. It is both relevance and popularity that the process of SEO is meant to influence.
How do search engines determine relevance and popularity?
To a search engine, relevance means more than finding a page with the right words. In the early days of the web, search engines didn't go much further than this simplistic step, and search results were of limited value. Over the years, smart engineers have devised better ways to match results to searchers' queries. Today, hundreds of factors influence relevance, and we'll discuss the most important of these in this guide.
Popularity and relevance aren't determined manually. Instead, the engines employ mathematical equations (algorithms) to sort the wheat from the chaff (relevance), and then to rank the wheat in order of quality (popularity). These algorithms often comprise hundreds of variables. In the search marketing field, we refer to them as "ranking factors." Moz crafted a resource specifically on this subject: Search Engine Ranking Factors.
In our test, we started with the hypothesis that a link earlier (higher up) on a page carries more weight than a link lower down on the page. We tested this by creating a nonsense domain with a home page with links to three remote pages that all have the same nonsense word appearing exactly once on the page. After the search engines crawled the pages, we found that the page with the earliest link on the home page ranked first. Why should you invest time, effort, and resources on SEO? When looking at the broad picture of search engine usage, fascinating data is available from several studies.
Keyword Appears in Top Level Domain: Doesn't give the boost that it used to, but having your keyword in the domain still acts as a relevancy signal. After all, they still bold keywords that appear in a domain name.
Keyword As First Word in Domain: A domain that starts with their target keyword has an edge over sites that either don't have the keyword in their domain or have the keyword in the middle or end of their domain.
Country TLD Extension: Having a Country Code Top Level Domain (.cn, .pt, .ca) helps the site rank for that particular country…but limits the site's ability to rank globally.
LSI Keywords in Title and Description Tags: As with webpage content, LSI keywords in page meta tags probably help Google discern between synonyms. May also act as a relevancy signal.
Popularity and relevance aren't determined manually. Instead, the engines employ mathematical equations (algorithms) to sort the wheat from the chaff (relevance), and then to rank the wheat in order of quality (popularity).
PR Crisis? Online Reputation Management Is The Answer
SOCIAL 5 Must-Have Features in Your Next Social Media Marketing Platform
7 Ways Freelancers Can Use Social Media To Get More Clients
The Online Marketing Trifecta: Web, Content, and Social Media
Rihanna is Hosting Her First Fenty Beauty Class This Month
BREAKING: Brandon Truaxe is Officially Out as Deciem's CEO


text:
Meltingvatnet is a lake on the border of the municipalities of Indre Fosen and Inderøy in Trøndelag county, Norway. The lake is a reservoir that holds water for the Mosvik power plant. The water flows out of the lake into the Mossa river which flows into the village of Mosvik.

See also
List of lakes in Norway

References

Lakes of Trøndelag
Indre Fosen
Inderøy
Reservoirs in Norway

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A sharp-suited Taron Egerton (AKA Gary 'Eggsy' Unwin) features in the latest pair of images for Kingsman: The Golden Circle, a sequel that writer-director Matthew Vaughn believes is "crazier [and] funnier" than the first.
Coming to us by way of Empire Magazine, these pictures profile Egerton's unlikely hero and Agent Tequila, the cocksure cowboy agent to be played by Jump Street star Channing Tatum. He's the ying to Eggsy's yang, essentially, given Tequila is a multi-billionaire with a drinking problem – hence the nickname. In fact, as Vaughn revealed to Empire, the Statesmen will be housed up in a giant distillery in the heart of Kentucky, which tees up a nice counter to the Britishness of Gary Unwin and his well-tailored assistant, Merlin (Mark Strong).
Tatum is just one of the new recruits to enroll for The Golden Circle, after 20th Century Fox plucked Jeff Bridges and the Oscar-winning Halle Berry to play fellow agents. The former will portray Agent Champagne, the fearless leader of the American spy organization who prefers to be addressed as Champ. Halle Berry, meanwhile, is attached to the part of Ginger, a tech aficionado who has much more in common with Strong's PA than meets the eye. Will Kingsman 2 foster a romance between the two?
Capping off the stellar ensemble are former Game of Thrones star Pedro Pascal and Julianne Moore, whose evil megalomaniac Poppy will terrorize both the Kingsmen and the Statesmen as the sequel's primary antagonist. Described as "America's sweetheart gone wrong," there's still no sign of Moore's big bad, though we expect Fox will leave her character waiting in the wings until the film's first trailer. What can we expect this time around? More of the same, according to Vaughn, just on a much bigger scale. Per Empire: "There's an opportunity with Kingsman 2 to make it bigger and bolder and funnier and crazier." Count us in.
Kingsman: The Golden Circle will take the action Stateside on September 29th. Those in the UK will be able to catch Eggsy's next adventure a little earlier when Matthew Vaughn's action sequel opens on September 22nd.


text:
News▹
Coram welcomes adoption enquiries this LGBT Adoption & Fostering Week
Published: Friday 2nd March 2018
Coram is supporting the call for more lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people to consider adoption this LGBT Adoption & Fostering Week (5-11 March 2018).
Coram, which runs three dedicated adoption services in London, Cambridgeshire and the East Midlands, has supported LGBT people to adopt for many years. So far this year, almost a quarter (24%) of children placed for adoption through Coram were matched and placed with same-sex couples.
Jeanne Kaniuk, OBE, Managing Director of Adoption at Coram said:
We welcome enquiries from prospective adopters of all sexual identities, and what is most important is that they are able to make a commitment to a vulnerable child throughout their childhood and beyond.
We guide people through the rewarding and life-changing process of becoming parents, and offer life-long support for all families who adopt with us. We'd encourage anyone interested in adoption this LGBT Adoption & Fostering Week to get in touch or come along to one of our free information events to find out more.
Paul and Mark adopted their son through Coram in 2013.
Paul said:
We went to an information event at Coram where they were very open and honest about the process of adoption, but also very reassuring about the level of support they could offer. Since adopting, we have attended Coram's parenting course which was very helpful. Everyone was very supportive and it was so reassuring to know that other adoptive families were experiencing similar things.
Our son is a cheeky six year old, very energetic, lively, and a real character with a brilliant sense of humour. He is generally a happy little boy and is aware of his life story. He has a strong attachment with us and really enjoys family life.
UK network New Family Social runs LGBT Adoption & Fostering Week every March to encourage lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender prospective parents to find out more about the adoption and fostering processes.
Find out more about Coram Adoption
Find a free adoption information event near you
Browse real-life same-sex adoption stories
Read our five facts about LGBT adoption and fostering
Find out more about LGBT Adoption and Fostering Week