No company survives 237 years without a degree of forward thinking. For Japanese pharmaceutical firm Takeda, this has been no more apparent than in the past four of these years.
An institution in Japan, Takeda's rich journey spanning more than two centuries has exponentially gathered pace during the last decade thanks to a series of acquisitions. However, in order to make such growth sustainable for the long term, CEO Yasuchika Hasegawa decided in 2014 that a new, globalised approach was required.
Fast-forward to 2018, and a centralised procurement function is responsible for more than $6bn of Takeda spend – the engine room driving the company's expansion in existing and new markets.
Bernadette Maier is Takeda's Head of Procurement for Emerging Markets. Based in Singapore, she joined the firm in December 2016, lured by a combination of a legendary heritage and the chance to play a leading role in new market entries.
Her mission? To utilise and develop Takeda's post-transformation procurement setup and generate value for both business and patient.
The work undertaken prior to Maier's arrival laid the foundation that she works from today.
Before 2014, Procurement was organised in seven fragmented silos which individually held little strategic influence in the company as a whole and only delivered minor cost savings per annum (approximately $60mn).
In just two years, owing to a concerted effort unanimously backed by company leaders, Takeda's procurement function transformed into a global, category-based organisation which now holds a place at the top table of decision making.
Maier highlights the importance of a partnership culture, driven by teams which work collaboratively to achieve goals.
"In the past I think we were very much transactional and operational orientated," she explains. "We were busy with our internal activity rather than being there with our business partners, at the table early on to see what their needs are and understanding what they need to be successful.
This holistic approach has already reaped reward to the tune of almost $1bn in savings made in the financial years 2014-2017, with Takeda awarded a Procurement Leader's World Procurement Award for Internal Transformation.
For Maier, now is the time to stabilise and build on this success. "A lot of people tend to forget how important stability is. There is a balancing act we need now, especially when it comes to emerging markets like Russia and China.
"Another key challenge and priority is making sure we win the battle for talent. We want to be recognised as a very attractive employer, with Procurement seen as an attractive place to be.
Maier's leadership revolves around a strong faith in her team of 23 professionals based in various sub-regions on the frontlines of delivery. Whether in Sau Paulo or Dubai, she has empowered her leadership to make decisions for the best interest of the business and end user.
Many of these regional leaders are fellow women, another cultural feature that makes Takeda stand out in the realm of procurement. Across the whole Procurement organisation there is a 50-50 male to female leadership split.
Maier has just returned from Boston in the US where she helped lead a procurement talent workshop for the company. Succession planning is a key part of her job in ensuring that Takeda attracts and keeps hold of valued staff, and the ability for employees in Procurement to travel and take on special projects helps make it an attractive organisation to work for.
Technology is another important draw for Procurement employees, according to Maier.
A vital element of company's the 2014-2016 procurement transformation was the introduction of a new suite of technology which underpins the centralised model, with self-service tools being a key feature. Communications have also been transformed, with channels such as Yammer, e-newsletters and video all utilised to boost engagement across the company's 350 procurement professionals.
"We recently launched a ChatBot, "TakiSan", for Takeda Procurement," Maier adds. "This ChatBot is learning our languages. It's learning how to identify cost-packages on accounts in order to answer questions from the business. We are very much looking into what artificial intelligence can mean for us in the future."
The importance of Takeda's procurement function cannot be understated when it comes to the firm's pioneering output of medical treatments.
Maier cites Takeda's recent efforts with its dengue vaccine candidate, which remains a key area of focus to help tackle this significant mosquito-borne viral disease that threatens 40% of the world's population.
And it is this end output and potential to transform lives that ultimately motivates Maier on a daily basis.
"Looking at emerging markets, there are so many patients out there who need our products. I strongly believe that Takeda can bring great things to the patient and to society, and this why I am excited daily to work here," she concludes.


Worship is a response that demonstrates love. It's a means of showing love; of making a statement to God. Genuine worship is the totality of your being saying "I love You" to God.
Here at OCSFC, our worship community (listed below) has a genuine desire to lead worship that is passionate, energetic, and exceptional. Each band brings their own sense of expression and we celebrate that variety each Friday Night.
I am appreciative for all of our Band Leaders and their commitment to OCSFC in helping God's people to say "I Love You" to God thru the vehicle of passionate, relevant, and authentic worship.
As you come to OCSFC, you will experience a portion of our evening that is given to this amazing ability that God has given to us, and that is to worship Him by faith; knowing that, in the not too distant future, our "Songs sung in Faith" will one day be given over to "Songs sung in the presence" of the King Himself!
Jesica Specht is a Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) Artist, Songwriter, and Worship Leader originally from Minnesota, but hails to us from New York City. Jesica has an unwavering passion for impacting hearts for Christ through music and exalting the King of Kings. She has released her first two singles including "I Am" the title track of the faith based film "I AM" and has an album coming soon! She enjoys performing a variety of styles from rock, jazz, acoustic folk-rock, pop and bluegrass. Jesica is a beloved "musicianary" who brings the Holy Spirit, the love of Jesus, and music of the soul wherever the Lord calls her, including several churches and ministries throughout So Cal to LA, as well as weddings, funerals, special events, retreats, mission trips and jail ministry. Her prayer for you is that you would know that you are deeply treasured by our Heavenly Father who knows you intimately – and that His mighty power is available for great change, healing, restoration, provision, forgiveness, and the abundant life!
Born in Nairobi, Kenya, singer-songwriter Carol Asali began singing at her home church and ended up in a National production at the Kenya National Theatre. Later she moved to the US where she attended college and explored her gifting in worship on a team at Salt & Light Church in Houston. Carol is now married and is performing throughout Southern California at several churches, where she helps lead worship. She has a new CD entitled "Journey.
Daniel is passionate about helping ministries reflect their purpose, vision, and values in various platforms, specifically media and design.


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Q: ReactQuill: Validating Empty Input Value (Showing html tags) I have problem regarding validating the ReactQuill.
The Scenario: When i remove the input in ReactQuill Textarea the last value will be

Question: How to validate if the last value would be

 i tried to get value and validate it. but still the value is inserting without data. I don't know where's the problem in my code or in the ReactQuill

State:
 const datas = {
    textValue: this.state.text
 }

My Condition:
 if(datas.textValue.length === 0 || datas.textValue.value == '

')
 {
    return 'false';
 }
 else
 {
    return 'true';
 }

A: React Quill uses HTML tags for markup purpose. To check length of the entered text by user, we can just filter out html tags from datas.textValue using following regex and trim whitespaces if present.
if(datas.textValue.replace(/<(.|\n)*?>/g, '').trim().length === 0) {
    //textarea is still empty
}

A: I had to add just a bit to @Scorpionsk answer for it to work perfectly for me so it wouldn't escape images as well.
This works for me.
function isQuillEmpty(value: string) {
  if (value.replace(/<(.|\n)*?>/g, '').trim().length === 0 && !value.includes("<img")) {
     return true;
   }
     return false;
  }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home » Costa Rica Independence Day
Costa Rica Independence Day
Costa Rica (about this sound); Spanish: [Acosta Erica]; literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: Rep: Costa Rica) is a Central American country, bordering Nicaragua to the north, the Caribbean Sea to the northeast, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Islands. Its total population covers an area of 51,060 square kilometers square miles) with a population of about 5 million. An estimated 22 million people live in the surrounding metropolitan area of the capital and largest city, San Jose. [10]An independent state is a presidential constitutional republic. It is known for its long and stable democracy and highly educated workforce, most of whom speak English.
Portrait of a boy with the flag of Costa Rica painted on his face
Happy Costa Rica Independence Day Poster Vector Template Design Illustration

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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SAVE THE DATE: February 24th – March 31st, 2017 | Online
Keep reading below to learn how supporting Healing TREE in Brackets for Good can connect you with a star of Orange is the New Black.
Learn More About Brackets For GoodLearn More About Brackets For Good Support Healing TREE in BFG!Support Healing TREE in BFG!
Thank you for helping Healing TREE by helping us raise $3,809.46 during this years Brackets For Good! Every March, Brackets For Good hosts a single-elimination, bracket-style fundraising tournament in multiple cities that raises much-needed funds and awareness for nonprofit organizations of all sizes in each community. Nonprofits participate at no cost and retain 100% of the donations raised during the tournament, regardless of advancement.
The tournament champion in each city will also receive a grand prize donation of $10,000 from the title sponsor. The six-round tournament takes place over five weeks beginning on the last Friday in February and ending on the last Friday of March, with each of the first four rounds lasting a full week and the semifinal and championship round each lasting three days.
The tournament begins with 64 local charities, each paired in a competitive match-up against an opponent. Charities advance through the rounds by scoring more points than their opponent. Every $1 donated through bfg.org equals 1 point scored for the chosen charity. At the end of each round, the nonprofit with the most points in the individual match-up advances to the next round, the points are reset, and the fundraising continues until a champion is crowned.
Part of the funds being raised in Brackets For Good 2017 will go towards producing our first short film on the topic of gaslighting, with the help of our friend and Healing TREE Artist Advocate, Emily Althaus from Orange Is The New Black.
Email us at info@healingtreenonprofit.org after donating through Brackets For Good to claim one of the following rewards from Emily:
Twitter shout out from Emily $25
Instagram video shout out from Emily $50
Personalized post card from Emily $75
Personalized post card from Emily and additional cast members of Orange Is The New Black (delivery ASAP) $100


A combination mascara with drug-free lash intensifying serum that can be used throughout the day.
A combination mascara with drug-free lash intensifying serum that can be used throughout the day. For best results, use with Zoria Lash Intensifying Serum, which is applied at bedtime.
Drug-free Zoria Lash Intensifying Serum utilizes patented technology to naturally stimulate, strengthen and condition eyelashes creating a dramatically longer, fuller, darker look.


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Home / Academics / Academic Programs / Modern Greek (BA)
The Modern Greek Program offers a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the Greek world of the last ten centuries, and especially to its contemporary social reality and intellectual achievement. Through a wide range of undergraduate and graduate courses, it covers language, literature and culture. Although the program provides a broad liberal arts education and research training, it places particular emphasis on literary studies, critical theory, cultural politics, diaspora (especially Greek-American).
Have a question about Modern Greek or want more information? Let us know.
Nadia Barksdale
barksdale.30@osu.edu
337A University Hall
Department of English advisor
Students studying Modern Greek progress from an elementary working knowledge of the language to oral and written fluency. Once students have mastered basic patterns of speech and grammar, they are introduced to the literature of one of the world's richest cultures.
Department of Classics Website More Modern Greek Courses
Modern Greek is applicable in a variety of settings in the United States and abroad. Mastery of Modern Greek allows students to consider careers in such fields as education, government, international trade, banking, print or electronic media, or tourism.
MDRNGRK 2000: Athens: The Modern City
The history and culture of modern Athens. The way events such as wars and migration transformed the urban fabric of the city.
MDRNGRK 2680: Folklore of Contemporary Greece
A general survey of socio-cultural trends and issues in modern Greece through close examination of ethnographies and other folk expressions.
MDRNGRK 3710: Modern Greek Literature in Translation
Review of the Modern Greek literary tradition of the last two centuries through representative works and from a theoretical perspective.


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Holidays on the wild side
Malaysia tailor-made holidays
Malaysia is a fascinating country of two halves. On one side of the South China Sea lies the Malay Peninsula, where most of the population lives: a mix of Malays, Indians and Chinese. Here, the skyscrapers of Kuala Lumpur provide a striking contrast to the tea plantations of the cool Cameron Highlands, while on the east coast, dazzling beaches offer plenty of sun-kissed relaxation. The other half is on the northern part of the island of Borneo, where the states of Sabah and Sarawak reveal a wild, untamed side. Travelling to both guarantees a truly memorable adventure.
Malaysia's Natural world
With its mix of jungles, mountains and coast, Malaysia's natural world is as diverse as it is spectacular. At the heart of the peninsula, the ancient rainforests of Taman Negara are among the oldest on Earth, while to the east, the sandy beaches of the Perhentian Islands are home leatherback turtles, who come to lay their eggs far from the crowds. But, the real star of the show surely lies across the sea on the island of Borneo, where rivers snake between verdant jungles and orangutans and proboscis monkeys clamber through the canopy as dazzling hornbills swoop overhead. And, on the coast, pristine coral-reef islands host a dizzying variety of marine life.
Orangutans, Borneo
History, people & culture
Malaysia's location on the sea route between India and China made it a major port of call from traders and settlers. In 1405, the Chinese established the port of Malacca as a supply base, which in turn led to European interest in the region. Indeed, the Portuguese, Dutch and British each held Malacca for a time, while the British East India Company also leased Penang, which became another strategic post. It's all seen today in the country's wealth of architectural styles as well as the large Indian and Chinese populations, which make cities such as Kuala Lumpur and Penang so vibrant.
A taste of the country
Eating out in Malaysia is a chance to try a wealth of Asian flavours. Dishes from the three main communities – Chinese, Indian and Malay – and others inspired by the tastes of neighbouring Indonesia and Thailand reveal the sheer breadth of culinary influences. Rice, satay and creamy coconut curries are Malay staples, with beef rendang being a particularly popular dish. Banana leaf curries and roti bread are typically Indian, while noodles and dim sum are among the Chinese favourites. And, be sure to try 'Nyonya' cuisine, which mixes Malay and Chinese in dishes such as laksa – a spicy noodle soup.
Street market, Kota Bharu
Ringgit (RM) = 100 sen
Top itineraries in Malaysia
Wild Borneo Adventure
16-day tailor-made holiday from £2,725 pp incl. flights
Spot orangutans and proboscis monkeys on rainforest treks and cruise past pygmy elephants on a longboat, all on this comprehensive Borneo itinerary.
Wildlife of Borneo
Explore the best of Malaysian Borneo on this tailor-made adventure, from the orang-utan sanctuary near Kuching to the wildlife-rich regions of Kinabatangan and the remote Danum Valley.
Penang & the Malaysian Peninsula
11-day tailor-made independent tour from £1,870 pp incl. flights
From Europe to the Far East, myriad influences play out across peninsular Malaysia's colonial towns, city greats and island beaches. You'll showcase the best of it all with bijou stays, private transfers and exclusive touring, ranging from rainforest cruises to tea tasting in the Cameron Highlands.
Kuala Lumpur & Pangkor Laut
10-day tailor-made beach holiday from £1,250 pp incl. flights
This luxurious twin-centre holiday combines two nights in bustling Kuala Lumpur with a private-island stay on Pangkor Laut, an idyllic retreat on Malaysia's tropical west coast.
See all itinerary ideas
Top places to stay in Malaysia
Lone Pine, Penang
Contemporary hotel
Airy, modern rooms and great sea views are among the draws at Lone Pine, a luxury boutique hotel in Batu Ferringhi, a popular beach town on the Malaysian island of Penang. Renewed and restored, this Eastern & Oriental property has retained the colonial feel that has made it one of Penang's most cap…
Gaya Island Resort, Malaysian Borneo
Contemporary resort
Gaya Island Resort is located off the coast of Borneo on Pulau Gaya, near Kota Kinabalu. It's a stunning setting of coral reefs and fringing golden-sand beaches, protected mangroves, dense rainforest and rocky outcrops.
Golden Sands Resort, Penang
The Golden Sands Resort by Shangri-La is a top luxury resort for families, situated on the stunning beachfront of Batu Feringgion the north coast of Penang, a twenty-minute drive from the pretty colonial city of Georgetown.
Kuala Lumpur, Malacca & Pangkor Laut
Venture to some of Malaysia's less well-known highlights in order to see a side of the country usually missed by visitors focussing solely on the islands of Langkawi and Penang.
Where to go in Malaysia
Malacca is perhaps the most obvious stop-off between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore; a place squabbled over by empires, which retains a sense of its colonial past.
It's been a hectic hundred years for Kuala Lumpur. In this time the former tin-mining shantytown has transformed into a heaving 21st century metropolis - a medley of mosques, museums and markets, temples and towers.
Few places in the world are as wild, remote and resource-rich as its third largest island, Borneo. Surrounded by the Java, Celebes, Sulu and South China seas, this eden-like environment combines some of the world's oldest rainforests and cloud-shrouded granite peaks with a biodiversity matched by v…
Malaysia's East Coast
Top class diving and snorkelling are among the charms of the Malay Peninsula's east coast. The east remains a less-travelled part of the country, but has plenty to offer - not least its stunning and largely unspoilt offshore islands, lined by some of the country's best beaches.
When to go to Malaysia
"A tree with strong roots laughs at storms."Malay proverb Aside from Perlis and the northern tip of Kelantan around Khota Bharu, which have a short dry season from January to February, Malaysia has a tropical climate with temperatures and rainfall largely unchanged throughout the year. Daily averages range from 22 to 32°C, with temperatures in the hill resorts a little cooler during the day, and a comfortable 10°C at night. The wettest seasons are March to May and October to December, with monthly average rainfall in the range of 25cm. The driest months are June and July, with about half that rainfall. On the resorts of the east coast, …
See regional weather
Malaysia articles
Eastern & Oriental Express: an enchanting rail journey
The glamorous Eastern & Oriental Express is unparalleled when it comes to epic journeys through the exotic Malay Peninsula. We share its highlights, from fine Asian dining and five-star service to speeding past Thailand's temples and Malaysia's tropical rainforests.
Adventures beyond the beach
If you prefer to combine culture or wildlife with your relaxing beach break, take a look at our favourite places on the planet for combining a beach holiday with adventures and expeditions.
A guide to the best of Malaysia's remarkable nature, wildlife, beaches, cities, hotels and resorts. Look at the very best of this remarkable country, looking at adventure and nature, beach holidays and city stopovers.
Top ten South East Asian beach resorts
A guide to the best beach resorts in Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia Whether you're diving into the crystalline waters of Indonesia's volcanic, coral-fringed islands, basking beneath towering limestone cliffs on the secluded white-sand bays of Thailand's Andaman Coast, or sippi…
Meet our Malaysia experts
Tim Tan


"Gracias por todo. Tuve un tiempo increíble con INESLE y escribí unas palabras para describirlo. De nuevo, gracias. INESLE Madrid was one of the most rewarding experiences of my life. Over the span of one month, I was able to fully immerse myself in Spanish culture— whether it was cooking paella in the classroom or exploring Burgos with my host family. We went on fun excursions after school, such as the Camino de Santiago and visiting Toledo. In addition, my fluency in Spanish greatly improved during the trip, and I am excited to continue practicing at my high school. All of the teachers and Spanish students were encouraging and helped me become more proficient with my pronunciation and grammar. Most importantly, I met an incredible group of Americans and Spaniards that welcomed me with open arms. From day one, my host family took me in and treated me like a son. We went to many family celebrations and trips together. Furthermore, the students in the program were funny, enthusiastic, and kind. I will never forget the love, laughter, and memories that we all shared together during this incredible month. I certainly hope to return to Spain and the program in the future. ¡Tenga un buen verano!
Before arriving in Spain, I couldn't help but harbor some reservations. This trip to Madrid has been my 3rd visit to Spain, however, I couldn't help feeling nervous and anxious to spend a month in a foreign country. I assumed that it would be hard to have genuine friendships with Spanish kids, as I was overwhelmed with the differences I perceived within the two cultures. "Not only has being in this program improved my Spanish so much, but I got to learn and know Spanish culture: its people, food, and customs. Everyone was so friendly, and I made international friends! I had a lot of laughs and smiles, are definitely lots of learning opportunities. I can't express how beneficial living in Spain was as an opportunity to improve my Spanish. Much love to INESLE!" Thanks.
INESLE Madrid fue una experiencia que voy a recordar por toda mi vida. Mi familia anfitriona era mejor de lo que podría haber esperado. En sólo un mes se convirtieron en familia para mí. Antes de INESLE, mi español apenas hablaba. Ahora, estoy seguro de hablar, entender, leer y escribir. Las excursiones culturales eran tan importantes para mí como el tiempo en el aula. Aprendí mucho sobre la cultura española, lo que me hizo apreciar aún más España. Hice muchos amigos americanos y españoles a través del programa que todavía mantengo en contacto con hoy. Las conexiones que hice en España son algunas que guardaré para siempre. Por INESLE, pude aprender sobre el lenguaje, la cultura y la amistad. La experiencia fue increíble. Sólo tengo buenos recuerdos de mi estancia en España, y espero poder volver pronto!
"INESLE was a transforming experience. Taking spanish in school, I had always learned about Spain and my desire to go there grew with each passing year. When I found out about INESLE, I was thrilled because I had finally found the opportunity to travel to Spain. What I will remember the most about my time is not how to conjugate verbs in the imperfect subjunctive form, but what I learned about myself through immersion in the Spanish culture. My host family opened up their lives and home to me so I could live as a Spaniard. Although I got to see all of the museums and landmarks, what I value more is the personal aspect of Spanish life that I got to experience. Through my time in Spain, I was able to explore new types of foods and meet Spaniards that although I often had difficulty talking to, were the best part of the trip. I formed friendships with people from a foreign culture but we got along like brothers. I learned that you can never fully experience a language without experiencing the culture that comes along with it. I am truly blessed to have gotten the opportunity to pursue a language I love in its native setting and live the life of a Spaniard for 30 days."
INESLE me ha dado muchas oportunidades. No sólo he ampliado mi conocimiento de la gramática española y la cultura de España, sino que también he hecho muchos amigos. En INESLE he encontrado algunas de las personas más amables, más talentosas e inteligentes que he conocido y me siento muy afortunada por ello. Por encima de todo, INESLE ha cambiado mi punto de vista. Para mí, el español ya no es sólo otro tema escolar, sino que el español sirve como puerta de entrada para formar maravillosas amistades y experiencias.
Through the INESLE program, I was able to improve my Spanish skills in reading, writing, comprehension, and speaking. Classes were taught exclusively in Spanish, and sticking to the program's "no English" policy allowed me to truly develop my fluency in the Spanish language. I was so happy throughout my time in the program, and I am still proud to see how much my Spanish improved this summer. It was a great experience for my personal development as well, as I learned to live in a new place and adapt to a new culture. I loved my host family, and I am grateful for the amazing summer I had. I will always treasure the INESLE experience, and I'm excited to hopefully return as a teacher and keep in touch with the friends I made during the program.
INESLE Madrid has been the highlight of my summer! I have learned a lot of grammar during the daily classes with Sylvia, and I have improved my speaking abilities thanks to the Spanish only rule. My understanding of the daily excursions was furthered because of Rubin's classes. They were all very interesting and I now have a different outlook on Spanish painters and a firmer grasp on the history. I'm very grateful to my host family for taking me in like one of their own, and sharing their lifestyle and culture with me. The Spanish host kids in INESLE could not have been more welcoming and accepting. Many thanks to all who made INESLE possible!
The INESLE Madrid program was an incredible opportunity and experience. I learned so much and felt myself progress in both speaking and understanding as the month went by. What I love most about INESLE is the way that it stands out from any other Spanish immersion program. Not only does the program incorporate historic and grammatical aspects of the language and culture in the classroom, it also provides students with a chance to experience it first hand through the sightseeing and interaction with people from the community. Putting oneself forward into an entirely different culture is much more valuable and rewarding than sitting in a classroom learning about the cultural differences. INESLE Madrid channels this idea and enhances a student's ability to fully learn and connect with those around them. INESLE Madrid unites students who love the Spanish language from all over the world and pairs them with students and families whom are also equally passionate about the English language. Together, the bond created between American and Spanish host siblings is something extraordinary. From being complete strangers who live across the world from each other, to practically real brothers or sisters. We learned to help each other in our respective classes, her helping me with Spanish and I would help her with English. The experience with staying with a host family was more than I could hope for; I felt included as if I were a real member. Also, it was a great to see the differences in lifestyle. Lastly, the excursions we went on were all absolutely gorgeous; from the cathedrals to the stadium. I also loved the day trips to Segovia and Toledo where the view was magnificent and the history behind each and every place is fascinating. The Camino de Santiago was also an amazing opportunity. Although it was very tiring and the increasing soreness following the day after, I would have to say it was one of my favorite parts of the program. Throughout these 4 days on the walk, I learned a lot of things about my classmates in the program that I never knew. The Camino is a walk that bonds many people together because of the things we all see and the calming sounds of nature. I really enjoyed the program and I met such a great group of people including teachers, monitors, and students. I will cherish all the memories made and will forever be thankful for the opportunity to travel Spain and to fully immerse myself into the culture. I hope that someday I will be able to return, and I know that when I do, I will see my friends again.
INESLE was an amazing experience. The classes were engaging and fun. In the classes, we played games to practice vocabulary and even cooked paella one day. I learned lots of new expressions and grammar, as well as a lot about the culture of Spain. The trips in the afternoon were also really fun. My favorite trips were to the cities Toledo and Segovia. I also loved the Camino de Santiago, because throughout the Camino I got to talk to lots of new people, and made lots of new friends. The best part of INESLE was definitely the people. My host family was incredibly welcoming, generous and kind. They made me feel like part of the family as soon as I met them in the airport. Everyone I met throughout the month of July; teachers, kids and parents alike, was very nice. I was nervous to leave my family for a whole month at first, but as soon as I got to Spain I met amazing people that began to feel like family within just a couple days.
Before arriving in Spain I couldn't help but harbor some reservations. This trip to Madrid has been my 3rd visit to Spain, however, I couldn't help feeling nervous and anxious to spend a month in a foreign country. I assumed that it would be hard to have genuine friendships with Spanish kids, as I was overwhelmed with the differences I perceived within the two cultures. Of course it was difficult to become accustomed to daily life in a foreign country. As an American, it was very strange and at first uncomfortable to eat dinner at 10pm. But after coming to the realization that this was just part of Spanish culture, I eventually learned to enjoy and see the value in a later meal schedule. I am so grateful that I had an amazing host family that gave me endless, genuine support to my transition into Spanish culture. In the beginning of the program it was very easy and tempting to stay in groups of American kids. It was comfortable. However, through the wonderfully designed program, Spanish and American kids were able to get past their differences and see the similarities they shared. As I became more open to Spanish culture, I began to realize that Spanish kids were just like me. Through shared interests in normal teenage things like sports and music, I was able to make many great Spanish friends. As I am writing this now, weeks later, I still keep in touch with people I met during this program. In this month, I saw the power that language has in unifying people of seemingly polar backgrounds. INESLE helped me take my Spanish ability to places I never would have dreamt possible. I was able to take what I learned in my though-provoking and informative classes and practice it with my family, Spanish friends, or whomever I needed to communicate with. By the end of my month long stay in Spain, I was able to seamlessly have philosophic conversations with Spaniards. INESLE taught me more than just how to speak Spanish. By spending a month immersed in Spanish culture, I gained a new perspective about the world. Although it may not be easy to realize, we share this world with billions of other people from distinct cultures. From all my amazing experiences in Spain, I truly feel like I am a global citizen, connected to this world with frankly more similarities than differences. I can't thank the directors, teachers, host families, and Spanish students of INESLE enough for giving me one of the most fun and transformative experiences of my life. ¡Que nos veamos pronto!
Participando en INESLE era una experiencia asombrosa para mí y un gran manera para pasar mi verano. Al principio del programa, era difícil para hablar solo en español u me preocupé que no estaba preparado para hablar y vivir en un país extranjero por un mes, pero al final yo podía escribir y dar un discurso en español en frente de profesores, compañeros, y padres en la ceremonia de clausura. Durante mi tiempo en el programa, aprendí mucho sobre español y mejoré mis habilidades. También, podía sumergirme en la cultura de España a través de excursiones increíbles y pasando tiempo como mi familia anfitriona. Me gustó mucho visitar los sitios famosos de Madrid, Segovia, Toledo, y el Camino de Santiago. Durante estas experiencias, me volví más cercana a mi hermana anfitriona, sus amigos, y mis amigos americanos nuevos. Todas las personas que yo conocí durante INESLE, incluyendo mis amigos, mi familia anfitriona, profesores, y directores eran amables, cariñosos, y comprensivos. Nunca he hecho nada como INESLE, pero mi primera experiencia era asombrosa y nunca la olvidaré. Me permitió crecer como persona y ensanchar mis conocimientos de otras culturas y partes del mundo. Es increíble que hemos tenido esta experiencia en una edad joven, y soy muy agradecido. Muchísimas gracias a todos por darme esta oportunidad.
Participating in INESLE was an amazing experience for me and a great way to spend my summer. At the beginning of the program, it was hard to speak only Spanish and I worried that I wasn't prepared to speak and live in a foreign country for a month, but by the end I was able to write and give a speech in Spanish in front of teachers, classmates, and parents at the closing ceremony. During my time in the program, I learned a lot about Spanish and greatly improved my skills. I was also able to immerse myself in the culture of Spain through incredible excursions and spending time with my amazing host family. I really enjoyed visiting the famous sites of Madrid, Segovia, Toledo, and the Camino de Santiago. During these experiences, I became closer to my host sister, her friends, and my new American friends. All the people I met during INESLE, including my friends, host family, teachers, and directors, were kind, caring, and understanding. I have never done anything like INESLE before, but my first experience was awesome and I will never forget it. It allowed me to grow as a person and expand my knowledge of other cultures and parts of the world. It is incredible that we have had this experience at a young age, and I am very grateful for it. Thank you so much to everyone for giving me this opportunity.
INESLE Madrid 2016 was an experience of a lifetime. Not only did I make lifelong friends, but I also learned a lot of Spanish. I am so happy I chose to do INESLE this summer because it helped me to step outside my comfort zone and do things I never thought I could do. I loved making new Spanish friends who I'm sure I'll stay in touch with for a long time. From the teachers to the monitors to the kids in the program I can't thank everyone enough for making it a summer I will never forget. After INESLE, I also hope to pursue a minor in Spanish in college. I would definitely recommend INESLE to my friends or to anyone because it was such a great experience.
INESLE 2016 was one of the best experiences I've had in all my life. I will always remember INESLE forever. When I first arrived in Madrid I was really nervous because I didn't know my host family well but after the first day I felt like I had been living with them always. I felt like part of the family. INESLE helped me find new friends outside of America and helped me improve on my Spanish. Thank you INESLE for having such a great program and I hope to go again next year.
I remember my first day in Spain: I was homesick, nervous to get to know my host family, and nervous to be speaking in Spanish. Throughout the month, however, my worries were alleviated. I began to feel like a real part of my host family. My Spanish sister is still one of my best friends to this day. Living with my host family, I learned so much about Spanish culture. I tried new foods (my favorite being 'tortilla de patatas'), listened to new music, and learned new dances. During this month, my Spanish improved greatly. I spoke Spanish with my host family and my new friends from Inesle. I also had the opportunity to practice my Spanish everyday during the 'one on ones' with the Spanish monitors. INESLE was an unforgettable experience. I am grateful that I spent my summer in Spain.
Thank you so much for this wonderful opportunity, I really enjoyed my time in Spain. INESLE 2015 was full of lasting memories that I hope I will never forget. When I first arrived in Spain I was immediately welcomed into my host family's house. My host sister told me all about their family and friends that I would be meeting and getting to know that month and the places we would be visiting. The first day of excursions, I was immediately greeted by a group of people that would soon become my great friends. As the month progressed I found myself laughing with everyone, as we told stories and took pictures together. The whole time with my host family was filled with smiles laughter as I giggled about shared secrets, bonded over how much we loved chocolate ice cream or sang our hearts out to songs in English and Spanish as we drove back from classes. INESLE was an immersion program in the best kind of way for me personally. By the end of the program I found myself playing charades with my host siblings and holding a new friend's hand as we started up the track of a rollercoaster, and talking with people that I never would have met.
In just one short month I was looking to absorb all Spain/ Madrid had to offer. INESLE aided me in achieving my goal in many ways. I grew confident in my linguistic abilities, was exposed and invited into a different culture, and traveled to various historic and modern sites. Through the full immersion into Spanish culture, I can honestly say I was able to accomplish everything I set out to do. My host family treated me as their own from the moment I arrived, and the Spanish kids were inviting and energetic. I left Spain with a new found love for Spanish music, "paraguayas", and Choco Flakes. As soon as I got back to the United States I eagerly wanted to share with everyone my new favorite things. However, the day I arrived in America I left home to be a counselor at a sleep away soccer camp. Thus, I wasn't able to share my experiences with my family and friends. But, I did find a way to spread my interest in Spanish music with the little girls I was counseling. The last day of the camp there was a talent show. The kids in my group eagerly ran up to me and told me they wanted to do a dance. I told them to pick a song on my phone, forgetting that I only had Spanish music. They didn't care though. They played a Spanish song, began dancing, and loved it. The 4 days that followed consisted of Spanish music on replay the whole day and me translating the phrases in the songs they didn't understand. I put this story in here because I want to stress that my life while at INESLE was not just dropped and forgotten upon leaving Spain. There are parts of me that have been greatly impacted by my experience in Spain, and I can't wait to continue sharing these parts with my family and friends. I deeply thank you for opening my eyes to a new culture, and helping me grow as a student and as a person.
There are not enough words to describe how amazing my INESLE experience was. From spending time with my wonderful host family, to studying in intensive and engaging Spanish classes, to sightseeing around Madrid with my new Spanish and American friends - it is needless to say that INESLE provided me with the opportunity to experience Spain through the eyes of a globally-aware citizen. Through the Spanish classes I took in the INESLE program, I was able to improve my linguistic and comprehensive ability. The constructive feedback I received in class from my professors was constructive, and their passion for teaching inspired my own desire to learn. Additionally, the "one-on-one" conversations I had each day with my teachers contributed greatly to my ability to hold a profound and interesting conversation in Spanish. However, more importantly, these one-on-one conversations generated a confidence within myself to speak Spanish without the fear of making mistakes – an essential type of self-esteem that is necessary to have in order to succeed in any foreign language. On the afternoon excursions, I had the amazing opportunity to visit famous and historical sites in Madrid. Not only was I able to learn about the history of a city as beautiful as Madrid, but I was also able to experience Madrid as a local with the company of my new Spanish friends. Through these friendships, I began to realize certain cultural differences that exist between these two cultures. Thus, INESLE presented me with the invaluable opportunity to broaden my perspective on a more international level. I had such a phenomenal time in Madrid and I made so many amazing friends that I hope to keep in touch with in the future. I will never forget the wonderful memories I've made during my time in INESLE. Studying abroad in Spain was an experience that truly changed my life and I could not thank INESLE enough for all that it has given me.
INESLE has been a very eye-opening and enjoyable experience for me. I learned a lot about Spain as a whole because of INESLE's lovely excursions. I learned many other things during my time in INESLE. I learned about the delicious food (especially the Spaniards love for ham), I learned about Spaniards daily lives, I learned how to conjugate verbs, I learned about important landmarks, and through these landmarks I learned about Spanish art such as paintings by Goya and Velazquez, and most importantly I learned about making friends from different cultural backgrounds. I am so thankful for INESLE because I made some of my closest friends, and even had the opportunity to reciprocate my host sister's generosity in opening her house to me because this summer my host sister, Lucia, is coming to my home. Without INESLE I would never have met my crazy, funny, and sweet host sister. I am so glad that I came to INESLE 2015, and I cannot wait to come back for another educational and fun summer, next year!
INESLE fue una experiencia maravillosa en la que mi español ha mejorado en gran medida. ¡Gracias por un gran mes!
Firstly, thank you again for giving me the opportunity to participate in INESLE Madrid. Below I will briefly explain what the experience means to me. From living with a Spanish family, to attending classes with passionate and fun teachers, to sightseeing around Madrid with my American and Spanish friends - INESLE was a thorough emersion into the Spanish culture. INESLE presented me the opportunity to excel linguistically and grow as a person. Upon my arrival in Madrid, I immediately noticed the differences between Spanish and American cultures. But, by the end of the four weeks, I had grown accustomed to eating white bread with each meal and kissing each person I interacted with on the cheek two times. By constantly being surrounded by Spanish people in my house, classroom, and outside of school, I was always speaking in Spanish and gaining confidence in my linguistic ability. INESLE introduced me to amazing friends, both Spanish and American, that I hope to keep in touch with for many more years. I will never forget the great memories from my time in INESLE Madrid. Thank you again, truly, for all of the time and effort that you put into the INESLE program. I had an incredible experience and can't think of a better way to have spent the month of July.
No hay bastantes palabras buenas para describir esta experiencia inolvidable. Para mí, el programa de INESLE 2014 era mucho más de lo que jamás imaginaba. Durante el curso de cuatro semanas, he tenido las oportunidades maravillosas de ser parte de una familia española y aprender sobre la cultura y la lengua. En todo el viaje, siempre me sentía a casa y me he encantado tener una segunda familia. A la casa está dónde he aprendido el más. Es verdaderamente el corazón de la vida española y nada puede reemplazar la experiencia de vivir con una familia anfitriona. Mi español y mis habilidades de hablar y entender han mejorado un montón. En adición, ahora tengo un acento castellano que nunca pensaba que tendría. No solo he aprendido sobre España, pero también he conocido a mucha gente excepcional que todavía estoy en contacto. Conocer a la gente de INESLE era mi parte favorita porque todos éramos de lugares distintos del mundo pero todos éramos muy cercas y siempre estábamos hablando o jugando juntos. Puedo decir honestamente que, he hecho amigos para la vida y que todos nos veremos en el futuro cerca. En conclusión, estoy muy contenta que decidí de ir a Madrid para el programa porque fue una de las experiencias mejores de mi vida y me gustaría que me pudiera haber quedado más tiempo. Otra vez, muchísimas gracias por todo vuestro amor y generosidad. Yo sé que es mucho trabajo abrir vuestra casa a una desconocida pero puedo decir que siempre me sentía a casa y siempre me ayudabais para acostumbrarme con la cultura y la lengua española. De verdad, puedo decir que he tenido la oportunidad de quedar con la familia mejora y con una hermana extraordinaria. Las cuatro semanas han pasado demasiado rápidas y os echo muchísimo de menos. Es increíble como un mes puede cambiar tu vida. Os invito para cenar con mi familia cuando venís a Andover en octubre y también quiero volver a Madrid para visitaros el verano que viene. ¡Espero de oír de vosotros pronto!
"Para mí, INESLE fue algo inolvidable. Es una experiencia única y abrió un mundo completamente nuevo para mí. Me encantó todas las excursiones y los paseos fuera y dentro de Madrid. La cultura Española es única, y la única manera de aprender de ella es ir, y vivir como un Español."
INESLE ha sido la experiencia de mi vida. La gente que conocí durante el programa y la oportunidad de vivir con una familia han sido impresionantes. La familia con que quedé durante este mes ahora es como mi familia verdadera! Seguimos en contacto ahora. Además, mi nivel de español ha subido muchísimo después de hablar solo en este idioma por un mes. Las clases "one-to-one" presentan la oportunidad de hablar con un joven en español en una forma relajada y abierta. Los monitores y mini-monitores nos corrigen y nos ayudan con la idioma, pero también son nuestros amigos y por eso, no sentía nerviosa hablar con ellos. Todo por todo, INESLE ha cambiado mi vida, y estoy segura de que seguiré hablando con mi familia española y los alumnos del programa por mucho tiempo!
INESLE no es solamente un instituto para aprender español. Es un lugar para hacer nuevas amistades y aprender sobre una cultura diferente que de nosotros. El mes que pasamos en España fue un mes inolvidable. No quería tener pasado mi verano de cualquier otra manera. Hicimos muchas cosas divertidos con nuevos amigos que voy a recordar por mucho tiempo. Cuando llegué en Madrid, yo no conocía nadie. Estaba sola en un país nuevo. Pero en el primer día de clase, hablé con muchas personas nuevas que no conocía y luego tenía amigos. Y en el final del programa, salí con muchas nuevas amistades con los americanos y con los españoles. Y también tuve una familia fenomenal. Me sentía como otra hija en su casa. Siempre tendré una casa en Madrid con mi familia anfitriona. En el fin del mes, todos éramos amigos. Fue muy triste para despedirnos en el último día pero sé que voy a reencontrar todos una otra vez en el futuro. INESLE fue una experiencia increíble que me ayudó a conocer un lugar maravilloso. Ahora, siempre voy a tener muchos amigos en Madrid para cuando yo vuelva. Muchísimas gracias por este gran mes.
Para mí, INESLE era una experiencia increíble. Hice muchos amigos nuevos y sé que voy a mantener el contacto con ellos durante mucho tiempo, incluyendo mi familia anfitriona. Mi familia anfitriona era muy simpática y me ayudó a mejorar mi español. Espero que pueda visitarlos un día si vuelvo a España. Mi actividad favorita durante todo de INESLE era el Camino de Santiago. Tuve la oportunidad para conocer mucha gente Española y Americana. La sensación cuando todo el mundo caminaron a través del arco era una sensación increíble y nunca lo olvidaré. Tener la capacidad para pasar todo el tiempo con toda la gente de INESLE para tres días era una experiencia que nunca tendré otra vez. INESLE era la mejor manera de pasar mi verano. No es como un programa típico del verano porque la gente es a diferencia de cualquier otro grupo de personas que he conocido. Todo el mundo eran amigos y quería mejorar su español. Ahora, mi español es mucho mejor, y sé que si no participé en INESLE, mi español no sería tan bueno como lo es ahora. ¡No me puedo imaginar un verano más increíble que este verano con INESLE!
Para mí, INESLE Madrid no era sólo un programa que me ayudó mejorar mi español, sino también un programa que transformó Madrid de una ciudad desconocida en una ciudad que mantiene muchos de mis recuerdos. Ahora yo hablo español mucho más mejor y mucho más fluida que cuando llegué a Madrid. También he aprendido más sobre España en estas tres semanas de lo que podía aprender en un clase de español en un año. Ahora, yo sé no sólo como hablar español sino también como vivir como un español. INESLE Madrid me ha dado una experiencia muy valiosa. Nunca olvidaré el verano del dos mil trece con Madrid. Siempre recordaré las nuevas amistades que he creado con americanos y españoles, las nuevas cosas sobre español y la cultura de España que he aprendido, mi familia anfitriona que hizo Madrid mi hogar lejos de casa para tres semanas y los directores, monitores y profesores porque sin ellos esta programa no habría sido posible. Siempre apreciaré las risas y los recuerdos que he llevado conmigo. INESLE Madrid me ha introducido a esta magnífica ciudad y no tengo una duda que vaya volver a Madrid.
Mi cita: Tuve un buen experiencia en Madrid este verano. Era difícil para mi sin mi familia para tres semanas, pero tuve un círculo de amigos muy fenomenal para ayudarme. Pienso que el aspecto más importante de INESLE era la comunicación en Español, para todos los minutos. Durante el Camino, Toledo, El Escorial, y los museos, mi español estaba mejorando sin dar cuenta. La comunicación en Español me enseño las diferencias de las palabras en América Central y España. Por ejemplo, la palabra 'refrigerador' en América Central es 'refri', pero en España, la palabra es nevera. Encontré muchos amigos para siempre en Madrid, y con mis dificultades sin mi familia, no quiera cambiar nada de mi experiencia. GRACIAS POR ESTE OPURTUNIDAD FENOMENAL. OHHH AHHH EHHH INESLE!
After hearing many great things about the INESLE summer program, I knew that this was how I wanted to spend the first three weeks of my summer. My Spanish has improved a drastic amount after spendings mornings in the classrooms and afternoons filled with fun activities exploring the wonderful city of Madrid. My confidence in speaking the language has sky rocketed and my listening skills as well. But my improvement of my Spanish is not the only thing I will treasure from this trip; the incredible friendships I have made with both people from the United States and Spain made everything worthwhile for me. I consider my host family like my second family now and couldn't have asked for a better experience. I am very confident that this was not the last time I will see all these amazing people. Hiking the Camino de Santiago with all my new friends was an amazing experience, and arriving in Santiago to see the huge cathedral was breathtaking. The complete immersion of the program made it easy for my Spanish to improve at a rapid rate, and I don't have enough good things to say about it!
For me, INESLE Madrid has been an unforgettable experience. Upon arrival, I was immediately fascinated by the vibrant culture of Spain that INESLE introduced me to. Learning Spanish in such an intimate environment allowed me to explore this new culture. Our morning classes, for me, were not the traditional classes that I expected them to be. Instead, they were great insights on the amazing culture around me. I found it very helpful that our classes were closely correlated to the sights that we visited during the day. However, like I've said before, the host family aspect of INESLE has been the most important part of my time in Spain. During these weeks, I've felt as part of the family, which is an experience that most students of a foreign culture will never experience. My time with my host family has shown to make a significant influence on not only my Spanish but also my knowledge of the culture behind my Spanish. More importantly, I have made lifelong friends on the other side of the world that I would've never met without INESLE. As a whole, INESLE is a community of amazing people who are all proud of their wonderful culture and are excited to share it. I could not imagine a better way to spend my summer than with INESLE!
INESLE was the best way I could spend my summer. The three weeks flew by, because every day was filled with activities. Whether it was exploring Toledo, touring the Real Madrid stadium, or learning about Spain's rich culture in the Museo del Prado and Reina Sofia, there was always something new to look forward to and learn about. Supplemented by a variety of classes in the morning, my Spanish improved so much in those three weeks. I became such great friends with the Spaniards on the program, and we've talked almost daily since the program finished. My host family welcomed me into their home right away, and by the first night I was already dancing with my host siblings and laughing at all their jokes. It was great to live in a complex with so many other people from the program. We would hang out by the pool every night and on the weekends, and we all became great friends. The Camino de Santiago brought us all closer, and it's probably my favorite memory of the trip. At the end of each day, we would all sit in a circle and play guitar and sing both Spanish and American songs. INESLE opened up my eyes to beautiful Spain and its wonderful people. I wouldn't trade my experience in Madrid for anything - I gained skill in the language, friendships that mean so much to me, and a complete appreciation of a culture so different from my own.
I knew that when I signed up for INESLE that I would be committing myself to learning Spanish intensely for three weeks, but what I didn't know how utterly life-changing this program would be. The places we visited were stunning, such as Toledo and Santiago de Compostela, and my Spanish rapidly improved. However, without the companionship of my amazing new friends, none of this would have mattered. During my three weeks in this program, I have made unbreakable friendships with people from the United States but also across the Atlantic in Spain. The memories, laughs, and smiles that the group shared quickly bonded us into a family. The whole trip we never wanted to be without one person. We wanted to stay together as a whole, as a family. The final days were tough, filled with tears and kisses, but we all promised each other that this would not be the last time we see each other. Without INESLE, all of these friendships would never have formed, and it would have been just a regular summer. But with INESLE, it was an unforgettable adventure.
My stay in Madrid with INESLE changed my life. The multitude of new experiences I shared with incredible people opened my eyes to another culture in a profound way, in a relatively short period of time. The program is very well organized, and jam-packed with opportunities to get to know Spain. My Spanish improved dramatically, but most importantly, I made life long friends and developed a fresh mentality that I can only credit to my experiences in Spain. ¡Viva España!
INESLE helped me grow and learn both as a Spanish student and as a individual who strives to learn as much about the world as he can. My favorite aspect of the trip was living with my host family. I will cherish my new friendships and memories for the remainder of my life.
INESLE has given me three of the most valuable and treasured weeks of my life. My Spanish improved dramatically and I now have a fluency and vocabulary that can only be gained by the total immersion this program offers. The academic program was interesting and engaging and I learned a great deal about Spanish history, art, grammar, communications, and culture while improving my listening skills. The afternoon excursions were well planned and offered a perfect mixture of Spanish culture and fun. I was warmly embraced by my host family and I know I will always be welcome in their home as a member of the household. I enjoyed friendships with both the American students and the exceptional Spanish hosts, and hope to maintain these special relationships for many years to come. I cannot fully express my gratitude for the wonderful teachers, monitors, and directors of the INESLE program. Most importantly, this program has given me confidence in my speaking ability but also in my interactions with everyone that I meet. I highly recommend this program to students with a strong desire to study Spanish and 'vive la vida española'.
My host family was absolutely incredible. Staying with them was the highlight of the trip. Davis.
INESLE gave me the opportunity to try new things, make new friends, and it gave me a second family.
The INESLE program was a success for me. Even though it only lasted three weeks, I can definitely tell that I have improved my Spanish. When I would go to bed at night, I would find myself thinking in Spanish. In addition to improving my Spanish, I also had a fun time! My host family was very helpful, supporting, and fun, and I have made friends through the program that I will always remember fondly. I am so glad that I chose to go on this program. El programa INESLE tenía éxito para mí. Aunque sólo duró por tres semanas, estoy segura de que yo he mejorado. Cuando me iba a dormir cada noche, estaba pensando en Español. Además de mejorar al Español, ¡yo tenía un rato muy divertido! La familia anfitriona era útil, de apoyo, y divertida, y he hecho amigos que voy a recordar amablemente. Estoy contenta de que había elegido este programa.
Este verano he disfrutado durante 3 semanas de las actividades ofrecidas por INESLE Madrid, lo que me ha permitido conocer personas fantásticas de las que han salido grandes amistades, tanto americanas como españolas. Hemos compartido interesantes actividades culturales que me han permitido redescubrir Madrid y alrededores, divertidos juegos y actividades deportivas. Hemos disfrutado de grandes e inolvidables experiencias vividas durante el Camino de Santiago y sobre todo de grandes momentos de risas y fiestas… Es una actividad con la que me gustaría contar siempre que sea posible.
"Estos veintidós días han pasado a una velocidad increíble. Dicen que cuando disfrutas el tiempo pasa rápido, y en ésta ocasión el tiempo ha ido más que rápido. Los dias han sido horas, las horas minutos y los minutos segundos. Pero a pesar de la velocidad, INESLE nos ha dado la oportunidad de quedarnos con unos preciosos recuerdos. Unos recuerdos llenos de sonrisas, nombres, excursiones y momentos muy intensos. Pero sobretodo, INESLE, nos ha dado la oportunidad de conocer magnificas personas imposibles de olvidar, tanto personas de otro país y otras costumbre cómo personas de nuestro mismo país."
Para mí, participar en éste programa como hijo anfitrión español ha significado mucho: Además de compartir mi casa, mis cosas, mis costumbres, mi cultura y mi tiempo con un amigo americano, he ampliado mi grupo de amigos con todos los anfitriones españoles y los alumnos americanos. Destaco cómo un gran momento de unión, diversión y reflexión los días compartidos en el Camino de Santiago. Recordaré estos días con alegría y me encantaría poder repetir la experiencia.


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The Way to the Labyrinth - Memories of East and West
Author(s): Alain Danielou; Marie-Claire Cournand (Translator)
Biography | Music
Alain Dani lou was an accomplished pianist, dancer, player of the Indian v n , painter, linguist and translator, photographer, and world traveler. To these attainments he has added The Way to the Labyrinth, translated into English by Marie-Claire Cournand. Born of a haute-bourgeoise French family--his mother an ardent Catholic, his father an anticlerical leftwing politician, his older brother a cardinal--Dani lou spent a solitary childhood. Escaping from his family milieu, he went to Paris, where he fell in with avant-garde, bohemian, sexually liberated circles, among whose luminaries were Cocteau, Diaghilev, Max Jacob, and Maurice Sachs. But however fervently he plunged into various activities, he felt some other destiny awaited him. After a number of journeys, some of them highly adventurous, he found his real home in India. He spent twenty years there, fifteen of them in Benares on the banks of the Ganges. There he immersed himself in the study of Sanskrit, Hindu philosophy, music, and the art of the ancient temples of Northern India, and converted to the Hindu religion. But times changed, and soon after India gained its independence, he returned to live again in Europe and devoted much of his great energy to the encouragement of traditional musics from around the world.
Publisher : New Directions
Imprint : New Directions
Dimensions : 2.161 Centimeters X 16.2 Centimeters X 22.7 Centimeters
Author : Alain Danielou; Marie-Claire Cournand (Translator)


This wire has lots of the same features of a standard day-bra wire. It has good coverage and support under the arm, and is full coverage at the centre front (similar to the Round wire), but this wire is wider and roomier than my other day bra styles. It also maintains a fairly vertical centre front, perfect for keeping you cups close together!
This wire is great for the average to wide oval body type. If you find that the standard Round or Orange wires are just a little too narrow for you and you want a little extra width without loosing the support and coverage at the bridge and underarm- this is perfect for you!
There are no patterns currently designed for this style of wire. However, it would be fairly easy to substitute this wire into your regular bra pattern with some minor alterations.
Since this wire is so new, I haven't made any bras with it yet- but I can't wait to get started with it!
Do you love the Carmen Wire?
I'd love to see what you make with it!!


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Q: suhosin class method whitelist I'm hardening a nginx webserver. I'm using suhosin to harden php language, but in simulation mode it complains about addserver() method of Memcache class even if I added it to suhosin.executor.func.whitelist
The log reports:

2016/03/25 22:50:15 [error] 2720#0: *37 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning:  SIMULATION - addserver() has been disabled for security reasons in /var/www/bla bla bla

Whitelist is:
rand,trim,urldecode,filter_var,addserver

Any help would be appreciated.


It is expensive to drive a RV. Free RV camping will bring your costs down a bit.
There are plenty of RV resorts all over Canada. They offer full hook-ups (water and electricity), as well as grey water and sewage (black water) disposal. However, will you need these appliances on a daily base?
On average, campgrounds in Canada will charge $40-$50,- a night for a full RV hook-up. It is easy to save some money by using free camping sites.
Although RV Resorts offer comfort and company, 'going wild' is another great experience during your travel in Canada.
Check the page 'free campsites' to locate recreation sites within British Columbia.
My other half and I have always found the 'Backroads Mapbooks' very helpful.
Recreation sites are well marked on the maps, which you buy for less than a night at a RV resort. We would otherwise never have found some of the most beautifully located, free spots for camping in Canada.
I searched the internet and found out the company also sells GPS Maps for the ones who prefer a GPS to a map book.
Note: Check your RV insurance policy for coverage on back roads.
Signs posted at truck stops and rest areas throughout Canada will tell you for how many hours you can park. Most rest areas and truck stops have picnic tables and washrooms.
Parking lots at shopping malls or supermarkets are often cam secured. Please check the signs at the specific parking lot to find out whether overnight parking is allowed.
Leave no food or smelly cooking equipment outside: mind the bear watching etiquette: you're in bear country!
Please reduce your impact on the natural environment and honour camping etiquette in Canada.
All RVs contain a 20-40 gallon (75-150 litre) fresh water tank.
No daily need to plug in at RV resorts.
The air conditioning, power outlets, and microwave require full electrical power.
As a result, you will not be able to use them outside RV resorts unless the generator is running.
While roughing it in the bush, you do not want to run the generator!
Use the BBQ instead and sit outside. That is what it is about! The night sky is too beautiful to spend the evening indoors. Have you ever seen so many (shooting) stars or even the Northern Lights?


text:
struct module_a
: debug_assert::default_handler, // it uses the default handler
  debug_assert::set_level<MODULE_A_LEVEL> // and this level
{};

void module_a_func(void* ptr)
{
    DEBUG_ASSERT(ptr, module_a{}); // minimal assertion
    DEBUG_ASSERT(2 + 2 == 4, module_a{}, debug_assert::level<2>{}); // assertion with level
    DEBUG_ASSERT(1 == 0, module_a{}, "this should be true"); // assertion with additional parameters, i.e. a message
    DEBUG_UNREACHABLE(module_a{}); // mark unreachable statements
}

//=== module B ===//
#define MODULE_B_LEVEL 2

struct module_b
: debug_assert::set_level<MODULE_B_LEVEL>// b uses all assertions with level <= 2
{
    // module b uses a different handler
    // it does not support a message
    // instead you can specify a pointer value
    static void handle(const debug_assert::source_location& loc, const char* expression, void* ptr = nullptr)
    {
        std::cerr << "Assertion failure '" << loc.file_name << ':' << loc.line_number << ": " << expression;
        if (ptr)
            std::cerr << " - pointer is " << ptr;
        std::cerr << '\n';
    }
};

void module_b_func(int &value, void* ptr)
{
    DEBUG_ASSERT(ptr == &value, module_b{}, ptr); // uses the additional custom parameter
    DEBUG_ASSERT(ptr == &value, module_b{}, debug_assert::level<2>{}, ptr); // also works with a custom level
}

int main()
{
    module_a_func(nullptr);
    int val = 5;
    module_b_func(val, &val);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


LOCKPORT, La., Bollinger Shipyards has selected Tampa Shipyard for design and construction of up to three heavy polar icebreakers, and three additional medium sized breakers under consideration by the Coast Guard. "We are excited to respond to the Coast Guard's need to recapitalize its depleted polar capabilities. We expect to fill our capable production facility in Tampa with over 1,000 highly skilled full-time shipyard workers beginning as early as 2020. Just the three heavies alone could keep the facility fully utilized for nearly a decade. Should we be awarded the contract for the heavies and the anticipated mediums constructed in Tampa, we could be busy here through 2035. Along with the supporting infrastructure of vendors, subcontractors and suppliers, we would expect that locating this program in Tampa will have the benefit of well over 3,500 quality, high paying, full-time jobs with solid benefits packages," said Ben Bordelon, Bollinger's President and CEO.
"With the full support of President Trump, the U.S. Navy in collaboration with the U.S. Coast Guard under an integrated program office released the request for proposal for the procurement and detail design of the heavy icebreakers earlier this year. The Coast Guard and America will greatly benefit from these assets. The United States shipbuilding and Jones Act communities support and appreciate President Trump's emphasis on domestic manufacturing and his administration's dedication to improving America's infrastructure," Bordelon remarked.
Bollinger currently is producing the Coast Guard's Fast Response Cutter fleet at its facility in Lockport, LA where over 1,000 full-time equivalents have been engaged since 2008. Under the current program of record, 29 vessels have been delivered to date. Bollinger anticipates this program to benefit the local community beyond 2023 with award and production of up to 58 vessels.
"We have built over 150 vessels for the Coast Guard in Louisiana beginning in the early 1980's. We anticipate taking our cumulative knowledge of this customer, our expertise in building complex vessels and serial production techniques to Florida and creating an even greater economic engine than we presently have," Bordelon stated.


text:
MARS ROCKS HIS WORLD HORIZONS WIDENED SINCE N.J.
By HELEN KENNEDY
Matt Golombek, who is sniffing around the rocky red surface of Mars, has been an explorer since he was a wide-eyed kid making solo forays through the crowded streets of New York. Growing up in Hackensack, N.
J., Golombek used to take the train into Manhattan to ride the subways, visit museums and gaze in wonder at the teeming throngs. "In New York, the sweep of society is so huge, so vibrant. There's such a diversity of humanity. You think: Wow, look at this world that's all right here at your fingertips. "People do everything in a place like New York, and you feel like you, too, could do anything you want," he said. Now 42, as project scientist for the Pathfinder mission to Mars, Golombek is still exploring strange new worlds. But this time, it's a place with no people at all, just lots of rocks with names like Yogi and Barnacle Bill. Golombek, a planetary geologist, is pardon the expression over the moon about those rocks. His enthusiasm is infectious. His conversation veers between polysyllabic scientific gobbledegook and words like "cool" and "neat.
" When he talks about Mars, he sounds like a kid let loose in Toys "R" Us. His most important job in the mission, he said, was to pick the right landing site. It had to have interesting boulders to examine but be flat enough to allow the little rover, Sojourner, to trundle around. "We needed to land safely and then do very interesting science there," he said. When the first fuzzy pictures began arriving of a "smorgasbord" of fascinating boulders, Golombek said the 70-man NASA team usually a fairly buttoned-down crew let out a deafening collective cheer. "The science team was just roaring as the pictures were coming in," he said. "I was jumping up and down, yelling, `Rocks! Rocks!
' I've pretty much been grinning from ear to ear ever since.
" For now, and the foreseeable future, Golombek is living on Martian time. The Martian day is 40 minutes longer than Earth's, so that means the day-night cycles invert every two weeks. Golombek finds himself getting up when the sun is setting over Pasadena. About 310 million miles away, the sun is rising over the dusty, red Martian plain. The scheduling is necessary because the rover is powered by solar panels and moves around only during the day. When darkness falls, the little rover lies dormant on the vast alien desert, watched over silently by the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos. Back on Earth, Golombek's wife has taken their two kids to stay with their grandparents. "Living on Mars time is so weird they went on vacation," he said. Golombek first discovered his passion for geology as an undergraduate at Rutgers, where he took a class with Prof. Michael Carr, who taught him how to look at volcanos. "I thought doing research was the most fun thing that you could do," Golombek enthused. "I wanted to know why mountains were. Why did the surface look the way it did? How come there's mountains, and how come there are valleys? Geology tells you this," he said. At Rutgers, he also showed an aptitude for applying his scientific knowledge by making his own beer. Then he was offered a fellowship at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. "It was to work on the structural geology of Mars. I thought that sounded really neat," he said. As a young research scientist living on peanut butter sandwiches and studying the landscape of Mars, he got the opportunity to get in on the tail end of the Viking mission to the Red Planet. The Viking spacecraft landed on Mars in 1976, carrying life-detection equipment. Expected to function for only 90 days, it operated for six years before finally going silent in 1982. Just before it did, Golombek was allowed to use the craft for some research he was doing into a specific geographic area of Mars. "There was a spacecraft on Mars, and I got to say where the spacecraft should go take pictures," he said, still excited at the memory. "Those pictures were totally cool.
" He's been working on Pathfinder for years, preparing for the launch and the landing. On his off hours, Golombek is an opera buff. Since Pathfinder landed July 4 an Independence Day Earthling invasion of Mars the previously obscure scientist has found himself on CNN every day. Reporters grill him at the daily NASA news conference or pepper him with phone calls. He's flown to Washington to visit the White House (President Clinton was called away at the last minute so he met with Vice President Gore, who's more of a science fan anyway). He even went on late night TV, trading quips last week with Conan O'Brien. He also took his giddy joy to the "Today" show, where he so charmed host Katie Couric that she called him "Matt, the Mars guy.
" Co-host Matt Lauer jokingly corrected her, saying, "that is Dr. Matthew Golombek. Show some respect.
" But Golombek will never wear the role of stuffy scientist easily. He's too thrilled by his work. And his boundless enthusiasm shows no signs of flagging: "How can you ever get sick of exploring other planets?


Uh.... is the reply-to for svn@ no longer dev@?
> running. And doing that just guarantees that it won't work.
>> it even if it isn't "free" with the changed path list).
>> personally plan to continue down that road.
>> (svn_fs_path_change2_t): Rev with new node_kind and copyfrom_* fields.
>> (svn_fs_paths_changed): Implement in terms of new version.
>> (fold_change): Use new type; initialize new fields.
>> (verify_locks): Use new type.
>> (change_t): Add node_kind field.
>> (read_change): Read kind from action if it is there.
>> (svn_fs_fs__txn_changes_fetch): Don't use a copyfrom_cache.
>> (svn_fs_fs__add_change): Use new type. Take node_kind argument.
>> copyfrom_cache. Check format to see if we should write kinds.
>> (verify_locks): Use new type. Adjust.
>> (svn_fs_fs__add_change): Take node_kind argument.
>> Document storage of node kind in changed paths lists.
>> (add_change): Take node_kind argument.
>> (add_subdir): Use new type.
>> svn_fs_check_path and svn_fs_copied_from with field references.
>> (svn_repos_replay2): Use new API and type.
>> + /** what node kind is the path?
>> + * @deprecated Provided for backwards compatibility with the 1.5 API.
>> - * <tt>const char *</tt> paths, and has @c svn_fs_path_change_t * values.
>> + * <tt>const char *</tt> paths, and has @c svn_fs_path_change2_t * values.
>> * Use @c pool for all allocations, including the hash and its values.
>> + * in the hash (and thus no kind or copyfrom data).
>> + * @deprecated Provided for backward compatibility with the 1.5 API.
>> changed records associated with KEY in FS, as part of TRAIL.
>> - information will be stored in COPYFROM_CACHE if it is non-NULL.
>> + filesystem FS and store them in *CHANGED_PATHS_P.
>> + Format 1-3: Does not contain the node's kind.
>> + Format 4: Contains the node's kind.
>> second line is blank.
>> +may be represented as "add-dir".
>> -phase of a transaction.
>> +a node kind, even if the FS format is older than format 4.
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text:
*** Coletta Factor: GTAIV plot spoilers below***
About a week ago, Leigh Alexander wrote an interesting post about the of boom-and-bust cycle that surrounds the release of critically lauded titles like Bioshock and GTAIV. The game releases to rapturous acclaim, then the backlash and the nit-picking set in, and then the nomadic gaming public moves on to the next AAA game and forgets about it entirely: the four-month bell curve. And the odd thing is that my personal four-month bell curve with GTAIV came to an end this week, when I made the final push and finished the game after buying it at a midnight launch. And my dominant thought after witnessing the game's tragic finale was: we should still be talking about this game. Why aren't we?
Well, it seems to me that everyone who had to play and finish the game within the first week (most members of the game press who had to play through the game for review) got a bad deal in terms of being able to appreciate what the game has to offer. I don't think anyone is going to forget their first taste of Liberty City. The first hours of GTAIV are likely to be burned into the collective subconscious of a generation of gamers, because the world of GTAIV is by any reckoning the most detailed and visually impressive environment ever created in a video game. And I spent quite a few hours at the start simply marveling at the details of the environment, enjoying the narrative, and appreciating how so many of the inconveniences of the previous iterations had been eliminated.
However, there was a distinct break about halfway through where the honeymoon ended. After a while you quit slowing down to appreciate all the architecture and you get sucked into completing the missions, and around the same point the ludonarrative dissonance sets in and you become disenchanted with the way your character is compelled to act during the missions. And this was the point at which I (like many others, I think) came to a dead stop and moved on to other things.
In retrospect it was a good thing that I stopped there, because I got a different perspective on the game when I returned to it a few months later. On one hand, the world impressed the shit out of me all over again, and on the other hand I found I had new stores of patience with the social-networking structure. And it was only after re-thinking the game from the perspective of these elements that I came under the sway of the game's thesis.
To my mind, the felt disconnect between the peace-loving Nico of the cutscenes and the unrepentant bloodletter of the missions, while disenchanting, is an element of the narrative itself. So many of the narrative pieces (especially his relationship to the mafia and police) explicitly play on the idea that Nico's plight is living a life chosen for him by others. The only role available to him is this weird hybrid assassin-janitor; like many other new visitors to our shores, he spends his time cleaning up other peoples' messes for money. Everyone in power also has some nasty history that they are unwilling to deal with themselves, and it falls to the newcomers to keep the gears of capital turning smoothly without staining the reputations of its controllers. As a player, you don't have any choice in this; to keep the narrative progressing you must resign yourself to piling up corpses for your handlers regardless of how you feel about it.
One piece of meaningful liberty the game's narrative affords the player is the option to cultivate relationships with Nico's crime associates and girlfriends. There's no denying that ferrying your friends and paramours across town is a chore, but the slim gameplay rewards of this efforts are compensated by the narrative rewards. Not only do you get a greater sense of Nico's character and motivations by having him discuss his life with his peers, but I also fell into the grip of the idea that cultivating these friendships (particularly with Kate McCreary, who offers no tangible gameplay rewards at all) was my one chance to write my own script for Nico. As the missions pulled Nico inexorably towards corruption, with few defining choices along the way, I was given a chance to redeem the protagonist through my own agency.
And like a sucker I took it. During the final mission you are given a decision that offers a choice between the two opposed values in the narrative: accumulation and honor. You can make money by working with a character who had betrayed you, or you can take revenge on him. Just as I was given a choice between the two, Nico calls Kate and asks her for advice. And since I had come to regard Nico's relationship with Kate as his one chance for happiness, I took her advice and went for revenge. And the game's reward for this choice was killing her off at Roman's wedding in the very next scene, setting up the final bid for revenge and the conclusion of the game.
This finale made a deep impression on me. By offering the player a chance to define Nico's values and character in the context of the gameplay, GTAIV gives the player the illusion that her choices make a difference. And then, perversely, the game eliminates the thing you choose to value the most. The message I took from this is that it doesn't make a damn bit of difference what you choose. You may think you are in control, but you're not making the rules. The rules were set long before the player arrived, and Nico's happiness is not in the cards.
When Halo 3 came out last Fall, Daniel Radosh wrote that in order to attain maturity, "games will need to embrace the dynamics of failure, tragedy, comedy and romance. They will need to stop pandering to the player's desire for mastery in favor of enhancing the player's emotional and intellectual life." As G. Christopher Williams noted, GTAIV humiliates the player in order to convey a message about the systematic corruption America visits on its influx of human capital. The structure of the gameplay contains a paradox at the heart of its vision of America: it inspires an unprecedented sense of freedom and open possibilities, and then this very sensation is shown to be a trap. The game's final achievement is labeled "You Win!", and as it rolled by I knew the joke was on me. I had mastered all the rules, and it had gotten me nowhere. Welcome to America.
Sean Beanland said...
Interesting. I made the same choice as you and found the ending deeply unsatisfying.
Throughout the game, Niko is searching for the person who betrayed him back in the war. I found the decision to let that person (whose name escapes me at the moment) live or die truly agonizing. I finally let him live, and it seemed fitting.
But then the game decides to wrap up the other plot thread of Dmitri and his earlier betrayal of you. You're given the choice to work with him, or kill him. Like you, I decided to kill him. My justification was that he was a very real and immediate threat to Niko's life, while the other man, who I let live, was a drugged out nobody. I was happy to give Dmitri what was coming to him. He deserved it, in my mind.
Unfortunately, the game kept going after that point. Kate was killed, and I had to take revenge on Jimmy Pegorino. While the death of Kate was gut wrenching, having it done at the hands of Pegorino seemed to be an odd choice by the developers. Pegorino comes in to the game sorta late, as I recall, and making the climactic mission of the game focus on him didn't feel right. From what I've read, choosing to work with Dmitri ends up with Roman's death at the hands of Dmitri, and the final mission involves killing him. This makes far more sense to me based on the previous plot. It would have made more sense to me to have the death of Kate or Roman come from Dmitri either way, with some other choice beforehand determining it.
Steve gaynor said...
Kate being a boring, obnoxious, useless character that the designers thrust in my face against my will made me want to see her offed. Then the game delivered on my wishes and I was happy. Finally, I killed everybody who'd been jerking me around and in the end got to hang out with my cahsin and all the mahney I had made. Score! America rules!
G. Christopher Williams said...
This discussion fits in nicely with your last one about Foucault and the illuions of freedom in games.
I think that your observation that GTA IV only really affords liberty outside the context of missions for the most part is an accurate one (indeed, this is a claim that might be made about the whole franchise). Even the ethical choices offered several times during the missions are always binaries, which while giving choice is still (from my own libertarian perspective) a fairly coercive level of "choice."
I hate to link and run, but I think that you might be interested in an article that I wrote on GTA: San Andreas that concerns the evolution of characterization in the GTA series. In part, it may be relevant to your discussion because what it observes about the way that Rockstar has begun developing richer characters also places more limits on the liberty of the player to fully inhabit them. Ultimately, I argue that this is to the betterment of the narrative line of the games and keeps a balance between ludic and narrative concerns.
You can find that old essay review here:
http://www.popmatters.com/multimedia/reviews/g/grand-theft-auto-san-andreas.shtml
Dammit! Well, you did say there were spoilers. Not your fault. But the first sentence of the second to last paragraph is missing a word.
Perhaps the whole experience of being completely unable to rise above your scripted fate is itself a commentary on the many immigrants that fall into America's advertisement that it's the land of opportunity. The only opportunity they have is to clean up after the cultural mainstays, the people that uphold America's infrastructure through corrupt means. And there is nothing they can do about this.
Of course, this would be a general statement and not a precise one, as there have been plenty of immigrants who have become successful legally.
@sean: I agree with you that the sudden appearance of Pegornio as the final rival was kind of strange, considering he was not a major figure in the rest of the game.
Also, the scene you describe-- where you have to decide whether or not to kill the man who betrayed you all those years ago-- I kind of felt like that was one of the most weighty choices in the game, and apparently it makes no (gameplay) difference at all which you choose.
@steve: here's the thing-- by the finale I had actually invested a lot of time in Kate, and so when they killed her off I was like, "This isn't fair! I spent all that time driving her to darts!"
@g.c.w: thanks! I think most critics have found the missions kind of coercive and also conflicted on a narrative level. I liked how both of your reviews brought out the narrative benefits of this restriction.
@samurai: Fixed it! sorry if I spoiled some aspects, I think your assessment of the game is right on. I couldn't have put it better myself
Humingway said...
That is interesting! Since I don't yet have an X360 or a PS3, it seemed okay to read this and spoil it, but now I wish I could have played it the right way.
Isn't the situation with Kate somewhat similar to what Final Fantasy VII did with Aeris? If anything, I'd think it would be even more acute in that game, since Aeris was a playable character.
I'm sketching out a paper right now on the musical treatment of video game death, focusing on the differences between ludic death (due to the player's actions) and narrative death (built into the story). Ambiguous situations like this are fascinating.
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You have found the right spot to take your first step in building a career within Ruskin. Here, you will always find new challenges and opportunities coupled within a friendly business environment.
Ruskin understands and supports their employees with a variety of benefit opportunities ranging from medical and dental coverage to educational assistance and retirement. With so many options available, you can rest assured that when your life changes, that Ruskin can provide benefits to meet your needs.
Experienced professionals find more than a job at Ruskin. They find a career that blends a "family" work environment with large corporate benefits. At Ruskin, we focus on employee development including education and in-house training.
At Ruskin, employees are encouraged to take an entrepreneurial approach to work, taking ownership and having the flexibility to make decisions with the support of management. Employees are able to gain experience in many areas instead of being fenced into one functional area.


Infectious disease caused by various species of the bacterial genus Bartonella ; the three most important pathogens responsible for the majority of infections are B henselae , B quintana , and B bacilliformis .
Some species are worldwide in distribution ( B henselae ), whereas others are geographically localised ( B bacilliformis ).
Bartonella species are transmitted from an infected natural host to the susceptible human host either by direct contact (cat bite or scratch for B henselae ) or via an insect vector (body lice for B quintana , sand fly for B bacilliformis ).
Bartonella species infect erythrocytes and cause vascular proliferation, giving rise to prolonged fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly.
Laboratory diagnosis is established by culture, serology, or histopathology. Molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are useful for blood and tissue specimens, including heart valves, where available.
Treatment depends on the species of Bartonella and the type of clinical presentation, but usually consists of antibiotic therapy. In some cases (e.g., cat-scratch disease), needle aspiration may be necessary.
TAF is an author of a reference cited in this monograph.
DAC declares that he has no competing interests.


text:
Russian made S-300 active in Syria
The launchers of Russian-made S-300 missile defense systems deployed to Syria have been erected, new satellite images released on Tuesday showed. "Due to the current regional tension and the detected erection of the launchers it is possible that the mentioned activity indicates an increase of the operational level and alertness," ImageSat said in their assessment […]
By Noam Hakoune	 Feb 07, 2019 No Comments
Credit PressTV
The launchers of Russian-made S-300 missile defense systems deployed to Syria have been erected, new satellite images released on Tuesday showed.
"Due to the current regional tension and the detected erection of the launchers it is possible that the mentioned activity indicates an increase of the operational level and alertness," ImageSat said in their assessment of the images.
The camouflaging of the fourth launcher "is rare and raises question marks about the operational level of the whole battery and specifically of the covered and folded launcher," they added.
Russia delivered the launcher, radar and command and control vehicle of the advanced surface-to-air missile system to the regime of Syrian President Bashar Assad in early October as a response to the downing of a Russian reconnaissance plane by Syrian air defenses during an Israeli airstrike on Iranian targets the previous month.
Credit ImageSatInternational
Moscow said it would also impose electronic countermeasures over Syria's coastline to suppress satellite navigation, onboard radar systems and communications of warplanes attacking targets on Syrian territory.
The incident has led to one of the lowest points in the relationship between Jerusalem and Moscow in years. Earlier on Tuesday, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that he would be heading to Moscow later in the monthto meet with Russian President Vladimir Putin, their first-such official meeting since the crisis.
With the help of the Russians, Iranians and Hezbollah, Assad has regained control over the majority of Syria and is rebuilding his army, focusing first on intelligence and air defense divisions which could pose a threat to Israeli aircraft.
Syrian air defenses are largely antiquated Soviet-era systems, with SA-2s, SA-5s and SA-6s, as well as the more sophisticated tactical surface-to-air missiles, such as the SA-17s and SA-22 systems. Moscow has also supplied the short-range Pantsir S-1 to the Assad regime.
The advanced S-300 would be a major upgrade to the Syrian air defenses and would pose a threat to Israeli jets on missions as the long-range missile defense system can track objects, such as aircraft and ballistic missiles, over a range of 300 kilometers.
A full battalion includes six launcher vehicles, with each vehicle carrying four missile containers for a total of 24 missiles, as well as command-and-control and long-range radar detection vehicles.
The system's engagement radar, which can guide up to 12 missiles simultaneously, helps guide the missiles toward the target. With two missiles per target, each launcher vehicle can engage up to six targets at once.
Israel has been carrying out airstrikes in the war-torn country against Hezbollah and Iranian targets. While the number of airstrikes in Syria attributed to the Jewish state has dropped since the downing of the Russian plane, Israel has stressed that it will continue to operate when necessary.
"We are operating both against Iran and against the Syrian forces that are abetting the Iranian aggression," Netanyahu said at the end of January. "We will strike at anyone who tried to harm us. Whoever threatens to eliminate us, bears full responsibility."
This article was found on The Jerusalem Post you can find it here https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Russian-made-S-300-missile-defense-system-active-in-Syria-579764
DefenseIsraelMiddle East
Noam HakouneFRANCE
Noam Hakoune holds a licence in political Science in Paris. He is specialized on the issues of Defense and International Security.
The Role of Technology in Contemporary Politics
From atomic bombs to cyber-attacks
Interview of French Deputee Claude Goasguen
How will Hezbollah retaliate against Israel after the killing of Samir Kuntar ?
Palestine and Israel : The solution nobody wants to talk about.
French Economy Minister in Israel to convince Young French exiled talents to come back "Home"
In the age of Trumpism
As U.S.A opens Embassy in Jerusalem, Guatemala follows.