text:
Q: C++ Iterator for std::set or std::vector Let's say I have this:
struct HoldStuff {
  std::vector<StuffItem> items;
  std::set<StuffItem, StuffItemComparator> sorted_items;
}

Now, during a refactor, I may have stuff in items or I may have it in sorted_items, but regardless I want to do the same thing with each item. I want to do something like this:
HoldStuff holder;  // assume it was filled earlier
auto iter = holder.items.empty() ? holder.sorted_items.begin() :
                                   holder.items.begin();
auto iter_end = holder.items.empty() ? holder.sorted_items.end() :
                                       holder.items.end();
for (; iter != iter_end; ++iter) {
    auto& item = *iter;
    // Do stuff
}

When I go to compile this, I get errors complaining about incompatible operand types. Surely this is possible, no?

A: You have two options:

*

*use type-erasure to get a runtime polymorphism on the iterator (any_range or any_iterator)

*delegate do_stuff to a function template that takes any kind of iterator

Here is an illustration with code:
#include <vector>
#include <set>
#include <iostream>

#include <boost/range/any_range.hpp>

template<typename Iterator>
void do_stuff(Iterator begin, Iterator end) {}

int main()
{
  std::vector<int> items;
  std::set<int> sorted_items;
  // first option
  typedef boost::any_range<int, boost::forward_traversal_tag, int&, std::ptrdiff_t> my_any_range;
  my_any_range r;
  if(items.empty())
    r = my_any_range(sorted_items);
  else
    r = my_any_range(items);
  for (auto& x : r) {
    std::cout << x << " ";
  }

  // second option
  // this could also be a lambda and std::for_each
  if(items.empty())
    do_stuff(sorted_items.begin(), sorted_items.end());
  else
    do_stuff(items.begin(), items.end());
  return 0;
}

A: The errors are correct: auto keyword works during compilation. In an easy way, it just deduces the type of assignment and uses this real type. But decision if it's vector's iterator or set's is made in runtime. So type can not be deduced.
As SergeyA said, I'm wrong here, compiler fail on ?: operator, before auto. But the reason is still the same - it has no idea which type to use for the result.
You should probably use some more generic iterator type + polymorphism, or you can make this function parameterized on type , where T is an iterator type. I would prefer to do it this way:
template<class T> do_stuff(T &c) {  for (auto &el : c) { /*Whatever*/ } }

...

if (!items.empty()) {
    do_stuff(items);
} else if (!sorted_items.empty()) {
    do_stuff(sorted_items);
}

P.S.: It's a conception, I didn't test the code.

A: Both sides of the ternary operator need to have the same type. In your case, they are different - std::vector<>::iterator and std::set<> iterator. A suitable solution seems to be some sort of a an iterator wrapper, which returns one or another depending on the initial condition.

A: auto means the compiler will deduce the type of what follows, at compilation time.
The return type of the ternary conditional operator in this case is what follows the question mark, so it is std::set<StuffItem, StuffItemComparator>::iterator and the compiler tries to cast what follows the column (std::vector<StuffItem>::iterator) to this incompatible type, hence the compiler error.
What you can do is make your item processing code generic, like so:
auto doStuff = [] (StuffItem& item) {
  // do stuff with item...
};
if( holder.items.size() )
  for_each( holder.items.begin(), holder.items.end(), doStuff );
else if( holder.sorted_items.size() )
  for_each( holder.sorted_items.begin(), holder.sorted_items.end(), doStuff );


text:
package com.meuspedidostest.ui.fragment;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import butterknife.ButterKnife;

/**
 * Esta classe abstrata permite agilizar o processo de desenvolvimento
 * e mapeando automaticamente as views da aplicação com ajuda do ButterKnife.
 */
public abstract class AbstractFragment extends Fragment {

  @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
      Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View view = inflater.inflate(getContentViewId(), container, false);
    ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
    return view;
  }

  /**
   * @return Referência do layout do Fragment nos resources.
   */
  protected abstract int getContentViewId();

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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"Indira Gandhi Institute of Yog Services" and MANNAT society (an esteem NGO organization- 2006 under Societies Registration Act 12 of Government of India.


text:
Artists on Art: David Hare on Sunrise
David Hare (American, 1917–1992). Sunrise, 1954–55. Steel, rock, and gilt-bronze solder, 71 x 42 x 27 inches (180.3 x 106.7 x 68.6 cm). Collection Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York; George Cary Fund, 1955 (1955:9). © Estate of David Hare
Since its founding in 1862, the Albright-Knox has consistently prided itself on being an artist-centric institution and on working closely with living artists, especially those represented in its collection. In the 1960s, the museum wrote to a selection of these artists to ask for statements about their works. The results were published in 1970 as Letters from 31 Artists to the Albright-Knox Art Gallery.
The answer to the question "Why would you sculpt a sunrise?" came a good deal easier to David Hare than that to "How do you sculpt a sunrise?" The artist wrote that he embarked up Sunrise and other such landscape sculptures primarily as artistic challenges or dares. In each case, the main point "was first to make a sculpture from a subject which seemed highly unlikely as a sculptural material, the interest being in this being the difficulty of the problem and also its newness." The secondary challenge would be "to make a work of art which would be almost completely abstract, but each of whose components would represent some attribute of a landscape. That is to say, the piece could be seen as abstract or as figurative, and one hoped that these oppositions would flicker back and forth, somewhat like visual A-C current. . . . And somewhere, as the work flipped from idea to thing and thing to idea, would exist that peculiar and intensely human thing, a work of art."
Content taken from Letters from 31 Artists to the Albright-Knox Art Gallery (Buffalo: The Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, 1970).
David Hare, Letters from 31 Artists, Artists on Art, Artists, Collection
#5WomenArtists: Frankenthaler, Krasner, Mitchell, Nevelson, and Truitt
Your AK: Do Ho Suh's Karma on the Delaware Stairs
David Hare
Sunrise , 1954-1955
Letters from 31 Artists to the Albright-Knox Art Gallery
Artists on Art: Len Lye on Grass
Artists on Art: Beverly Pepper on Zig-Zag
Artists on Art: Grace Hartigan on New England, October
Artists on Art: Victor Pasmore on Abstract in Red, No. 3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We secured our surfboards onto the roof rack of our Land Rover Defender 110, left Alajuela and headed towards the Pacific Ocean via the Inter American Highway. An hour later we arrived at the ferry crossing in Puntarenas in our well-equipped rig, eager to head into unknown territory in search of the perfect wave. Over the years, we had shredded many surf breaks from the Ventura County Line in California to Baja Mexico, but had longed to rip some waves in Central America. As we glanced across the Golfo de Nicoya in Costa Rica, we hoped to find what we were looking for. An epic surf and four-wheel-drive adventure was in our crosshairs.
A few weeks earlier we contacted Fabio Perrone and Luis Rojas, owners of Nomad America, an overlanding rental company based in Costa Rica. They specialize in all-inclusive 4x4 adventures and provide Land Rover Defender 110s, Toyota Hilux trucks, FJ Cruisers, Toyota 4Runners and Suzuki Jimnys fully equipped with rooftop tents, camping gear, cookware, cellphone, snorkeling gear, surfboards, and stand-up paddleboards. With the help of Gustavo Fuentes, a professional guide and manager of Costa Rica 4x4 Experience, the three men planned our off-road surf adventure to the Nicoya Peninsula, which was described as a challenging route consisting of dusty jungle tracks, river crossings, and secluded surfing beaches. When we arrived at the company's headquarters in Alajuela, we were excited to see six vehicles lined up and ready to go. We drove onto the Tambor II ferry and crossed the Golfo de Nicoya enroute to Paquera, a small port town on the east side of the peninsula. While on the ferry, we had ample time to get to know our fellow adventurers and discuss our itinerary for the next few days. The boat ride took a little over an hour and we passed many small islands in the gulf, some of which are protected biological reserves inhabited by colonies of maritime birds. Nearing one of the tropical isles, Luis pointed out a surf break that appeared seemingly impossible for us to get to. Instead we turned our attention to the peninsula that lay ahead, unfolded a map marked with secret surf spots, and planned our first camp.
Costa Rica has some of the most amazing beaches on Earth. Breck Rudd leads the pack down Playa Manzanillo in search of the perfect wave.
Costa Rica is a relatively small country, roughly the size of West Virginia. Even though it accounts for only 0.03 percent of the earth's surface, it contains nearly 5 percent of the world's biodiversity; more than 500,000 species in all. The varied terrain shifts between forests, valleys, mountains, volcanoes, plains, and wetlands, making it one of the best places on the planet for exploration and adventure. We disembarked our vehicles and motored west from Paquera passing through Montezuma, a funky beach town on the southernmost tip of the peninsula. From there, we navigated a rough, rugged, and dusty road that followed the coastline most of the way to Playa Malpais, where we set up camp just before sunset. Afterwards, we got better acquainted with our new friends and had the opportunity to check out their vehicles before making dinner and settling in for the evening.
Our diverse group of adventurers traveled in six well-equipped 4x4s. Gustavo guided us in his Toyota Land Cruiser Prado 150 Series fitted with an Old Man Emu 2.5-inch lift and Mickey Thompson Baja MTZ tires. Other mods included a Smittybilt X20 12,000-pound winch mounted to an ARB front bumper, ARB Air Lockers, an ARB Fridge Freezer, ARB Safari snorkel, and ARB Series III Simpson rooftop tent. Luis Rojas, wife Mela, and son Miguel, joined in their Toyota Hilux truck. It was powered by a 3.0L diesel engine and equipped for adventure with an ARB front bumper, Old Man Emu suspension, ARB Safari snorkel, Safari rooftop tent, Mickey Thompson Baja ATZ tires, and a Warn M8 8,000-pound winch. Victor Aguilar, Nomad America's right-hand man, tagged along in a company-owned Suzuki Jimny fitted with an ARB bumper, Pro Comp suspension, Mickey Thompson tires, Warn winch, Safari rooftop tent, and ARB Safari snorkel. Maarten and Marijke de Wit, paying customers from Holland, drove a Toyota 4Runner equipped with an ARB front bumper, ARB Safari snorkel, Ironman 4x4 2-inch suspension lift, and Safari rooftop tent. We were joined in Paquera by Yeison Kim, owner of Mytanfeet, a Costa Rican travel blog, in his Isuzu D-Max LX truck equipped with an Ironman 4x4 suspension, ARB Safari snorkel, and GEO Adventure Gear rooftop tent. We drove a stock Land Rover Defender 110 modified with a Safari double rooftop tent, ARB Safari snorkel, roof-mounted PVC shower, and BFG All Terrain T/A K02 tires.
Breck Rudd reviews the route with Gustavo Fuentes at the Nomad America headquarters.
The next morning we enjoyed a traditional Costa Rican breakfast consisting of scrambled eggs, gallo pinto (rice and beans), local cheese, and fried plantains, then broke camp and headed north to catch some waves. Gustavo turned off of the dirt road and onto the white sand beach at Punta Pochote. He led us to his secret spot at Playa Manzanillo where we surfed an isolated reef break with 3- to 5-foot sets and a light offshore wind. We had the beach all to ourselves and were super stoked to paddle out in the 80-degree water…there was not another surfer in sight. After an amazing two-hour surf session, we packed our boards and left for Samara, where Gustavo knew of another surf spot that was off the beaten track. We headed northeast on the unmarked coastal road and carefully crossed Rio Ario. River crossings can be tricky in this area since the currents and water depth are unpredictable. However, we took a close look at the bottom before choosing a line that made for an easy passage through the waist-deep river.
Later that day we negotiated our second water crossing at Rio Bongo while passing a farmer driving a tractor with a trailer load of hay. He gave us an inquisitive look as he went on his way. A few hours later we arrived at the turnoff for our surf camp and drove down a rutted dirt track to the beach. Our path was blocked by some large driftwood that had washed ashore during high tide. Some of the guys cleared the logs while Gustavo waded through the flooded track near the beach and poked the sandy bottom with a long stick. It proved to be hard enough to drive over, so we shifted into 4-Lo and motored through the murky water onto Playa Barrigona. While driving to the north end of the beach to set up camp, Victor got his lightweight Suzuki Jimny stuck in the sand and had to be winched out. During the extraction, some of the crew went about the business of setting up camp while others took advantage of some tasty surf. We were super jazzed to paddle out through the sets and drop into some nice barrel-shaped waves. After surfing until sunset, we were finally ready to kick back at camp. We sat around the campfire under a starry sky and enjoyed ice-cold cervezas while telling stories of past adventures. We slept surprisingly well, considering the loud, deep, and guttural cries coming from a troop of howler monkeys that lived in the jungle next to our camp.
Fabio Perrone, co-owner of Nomad America, at his office in Alajuela.
Shortly before sunrise, we waxed our boards, hit the surf, and were bombarded by a squadron of pelicans cruising the shoreline in search of their morning snack. After an hour or so, we grew hungry and headed back to camp for breakfast. During our meal, we reviewed the map and discussed the route for the day. We broke camp under the watchful eyes of the resident monkeys and motored north to Nosara for fuel and supplies. From Nosara, we set our GPS for Playa Tamarindo, the surf capital of northern Nicoya. Formerly a sleepy fishing village, this hip surfer's haven is also a center for sportfishing, diving, and snorkeling. It offers a variety of surf including beach breaks, rocky point breaks, and a nerve-rattling river-mouth break. Better yet, there are a few isolated surfing beaches nearby including Playa Langosta, Negra, and Avellanas that were less crowded. We decided to set up camp at the southern end of Playa Tamarindo where we had easy access to all of the best breaks. As we deployed our rooftop tents, a troop of howler monkeys made it clear that we were on their turf. We named the beach Howler's Surf Camp. For the next few days we spent most of our time shredding the surf around Tamarindo. Early one morning, while surfing near the Tamarindo river-mouth, we spotted a large crocodile basking in the sun on the riverbank. It was a little nerve-wracking paddling back out into the surf after that.
Our adventure in Costa Rica exceeded our expectations. We explored remote backroads by 4x4, surfed some of the best waves in the country, and left with a deeper understanding of what the locals refer to as pura vida—the pure life.
Gustavo Fuentes coordinates loading our vehicles on the Tambor II ferry.
Breck Rudd gets acquainted with Luis Rojas (co-owner of Nomad America) and family aboard the Tambor II while crossing the Golfo de Nicoya.
A random couple dancing aboard the Tambor II.
Disembarking with our vehicles at the Paquera landing.
The road to Cabuya on the southern Peninsula de Nicoya.
Luis Rojas setting up camp at Playa Malpais.
The group driving on Playa Manzanillo in search of waves.
Luis Rojas and family in their Toyota Hilux on Playa Manzanillo.
The team spots some surf in the distance on Playa Manzanillo.
The lineup from left to right: Yeison Kim, Gustavo Fuentes, Maarten and Marijke de Wit, Victor Aguilar, Luis Rojas and family, Michael and Breck Rudd.
Breck Rudd pushes through the Rio Ario in our Land Rover Defender 110.
A farmer crosses the Rio Ario with a load of hay.
Breck Rudd drops into the Rio Bongo in our Land Rover Defender 110.
Mela Rojas enjoying the ride in their Toyota Hilux.
A few of the guys clear the track of debris so that we can cross a saltwater pond to the beach.
Gustavo Fuentes pushes through a saltwater pond at the entrance to Playa Barrigona.
Luis Rojas takes his time as he crosses a murky saltwater pond at Playa Barrigona.
Maarten de Wit drops into the murky saltwater that had flooded the track to the entrance to Playa Barrigona.
Maarten de Wit emerges from the saltwater pond onto Playa Barrigona.
Maarten de Wit gets his Toyota 4Runner stuck in the sand at Playa Barrigona.
Gustavo Fuentes uses his winch to help Victor Aguilar get his Suzuki unstuck from the sand.
Surf camp at Playa Barrigona.
A surfer rides a semi-hollow wave at Playa Barrigona.
A surfer checking out the waves at Playa Barrigona.
A surfer sprints into the ocean near the Tamarindo Estuary, eager to catch some waves.
A surfer carves a nice wave at Playa Manzanillo.
A surfer catches a fast right at Playa Tamarindo.
Setting up for a frontside turn at Playa Tamarindo.
Maarten and Marijke de Wit relaxing at Playa Barrigona surf camp.
A surfer negotiates a frontside snap on a wave at Playa Manzanillo.
A surfer carves a fast right break at Playa Tamarindo.
Breck Rudd deploys the rooftop tent on our Defender 110 at Playa Malpais.
Breck Rudd checks the surf conditions at Playa Tamarindo.
Surfer girl at Playa Tamarindo.
Breck Rudd watching the sunset at Playa Tamarindo.
Crocodile seen on the riverbank at the Tamarindo Estuary.
White heron in flight at the Tamarindo Estuary.
A cowboy with horses for rent on Playa Tamarindo.


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text:
The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) Hall of Fame 2022
Felipe Alonso
The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) Next Generation Partner 2022
Javier Povo
Projects and Energy
Jesús Estrada
The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) Leading Individual 2022
Ernesto García-Trevijano
The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East & Africa (EMEA) Leading Firm 2022
Noted for its 'great theoretical and practical knowledge', GTA Villamagna Abogados stands out for its work in real estate, hotels, agriculture and mining-related environmental matters. The firm is well versed in environmental permits and environmental impact assessments, and often advises on the environmental law aspects of sales and acquisitions of energy and industrial projects. Ernesto García-Trevijano leads the department and maintains a diverse practice, covering environment, urban planning, construction and public procurement; Marta Plaza and Jesús Estrada are also noted.
Leading Individual & Practice Head: Ernesto García-Trevijano
Other Key Lawyers: Marta Plaza; Jesús Estrada; Javier García
'Everything in the firm is of the highest level', says a client about GTA Villamagna Abogados, whose solid public law department is jointly headed by Ernesto García-Trevijano, 'one of the country's leading specialists', and Marta Plaza, who advises on public procurement, urban law and planning. The team, which also includes senior associate Javier García, is best known for its litigation skills, and for advising clients on the construction and operation of public infrastructure, especially highways and ports.
Leading Individual: Ernesto García-Trevijano
Practice Head(s): Ernesto García-Trevijano; Marta Plaza
Other Key Lawyer: Javier García
Offering 'fast, effective and high-level advice', the tax team at GTA Villamagna Abogados excels in tax litigation, wealth management and tax matters involving financial institutions. Carlos Marcelo is a key name for matters in the finance space, while other sectors of strength for the team include real estate, insurance and pharmaceuticals. Government tax inspector on leave Felipe Alonso is an experienced practice head, and Javier Povo received significant praise from clients for his recent counsel.
Hall of Fame: Felipe Alonso
Next Generation Partner: Javier Povo
Other Key Lawyers: Carlos Marcelo; Javier Povo; Antonio Ruiz; David Caballero
The 'excellent team of professionals' at GTA Villamagna Abogados 'knows how to extract what is important from the facts'. The team is particularly active in litigation, with an emphasis on matters arising out of real estate, construction and infrastructure projects, but is also equipped to represent clients in arbitration proceedings. Corporate disputes are another area of strength for the team, which is led by the highly regarded Ernesto García-Trevijano. Marta Plaza and Jesús Estrada handle a range of public, civil and corporate disputes.
Practice Head: Ernesto García-Trevijano
Other Key Lawyers: Marta Plaza; Jesús Estrada; Mercedes Bértolo; Javier García
Praised for their 'approachability and easygoing nature', partners Ernesto García-Trevijano and Jesús Estrada steer GTA Villamagna Abogados' energy practice, which is well known for its track record handling the construction and operation of power plants. Also of note is the department's expertise in regulation in the renewable energy market. Senior associates Javier García and María Ariza are other key members of the team.
Next Generation Partner: Jesús Estrada
Other Key Lawyers: Javier García; María Ariza; Jesús Estrada
The experienced real estate group at Madrid-based firm GTA Villamagna Abogados takes a multidisciplinary approach, utilising public law and planning knowledge to advise national and international real estate developers, construction companies, private equity firms, corporates and public authorities across such sectors as infrastructure, consulting, hospitality and legal services. Planning expert Ernesto García-Trevijano heads the team, which is supported by public law specialist Marta Plaza.
Other Key Lawyers: Marta Plaza
Chambers Europe 2022 Leading Individual
Clients highlight Marta Plaza González 's «ability to provide agile responses» to complex planning law questions. Sources further describe her as «completely accessible and service-minded.» She leads or co-leads many of the firm's most important planning law mandates, including those that enable the construction of residential or leisure sector projects.
Much of Marta Plaza González 's best feedback this year relates to her handling of planning law matters. She also assists with public tender bids for affordable housing projects and handles contentious claims relating to the early termination of concessions. Sources say she has a «good knowledge of public law and a good feel for what we can do to resolve a legal problem.»
Head of the firm's energy practice, Ernesto García-Trevijano typically advises on the regulatory aspects of energy transactional mandates, litigation proceedings and the renewal of concession agreements. Interviewees commend the «great practical and business sense» he provides, with other interviewees observing his «great capacity for collaboration.»
Ernesto García-Trevijano assists clients with a variety of mandates, spanning environmental concessions, waste management and mining projects. His strong practice further benefits from additional knowledge of public law as well as planning matters.
Ernesto García-Trevijano is one of the most high-profile public lawyers in Spain, and his experience extends into the planning law field. He advises compensation boards and real estate developers on varied contentious and non-contentious planning law matters. Clients report that «his responses give us complete comfort in order to take difficult decisions.»
Ernesto García-Trevijano has a well-established reputation as one of the top public law lawyers in Spain. «He has a huge amount of technical knowledge and is very clear in his explanations,» says one client. «If we go to him with a doubt or a problem, we always finish the meeting with a constructive approach for solving it,» states a second interviewee. Ernesto García-Trevijano is well known among market commentators as a former state lawyer with considerable experience in public law litigation.
Felipe Alonso Fernández is recognised by market commentators for his expertise in litigation and in advising private individuals on tax issues. Clients recognise that «Felipe Alonso is very skilled and has an excellent approach to litigation analysis.»
Chambers Europe 2022 Leading Firm
What the team is known for – A dedicated practice group with experience in the construction and operation of power plants, the regulatory framework for renewable energy sources, and public procurement contracts. The firm is singled out for its thriving regulatory practice, particularly in relation to the development of energy projects in the renewables sector. The group represents a diverse portfolio of clients, including investment funds with interests in the Spanish market and energy companies looking to develop their activities. The team hosts additional capacity to assist with contentious matters before the Spanish courts.
What the team is known for – Commendable experience in complex environmental audits and authorisations related to industrial and renewable energy projects. The law firm offers further support in litigation proceedings. Its client portfolio includes mining corporations, manufacturers and renewable energy companies.
What the team is known for – Recognised as a strong choice to handle sophisticated planning law matters on behalf of varied clients. The firm acts for Spanish real estate developers and compensation boards on the drafting of new planning instruments. It advises on contentious-administrative appeals against actions taken by city councils to block new developments. It also assists with the due diligence of potential acquisition targets in order to identify any potential planning law risks.
What the team is known for – Important domestic firm with a strong reputation for its capacity to handle significant public law matters. In addition to their proven skill in contentious and non-contentious mandates relating to the award or termination of public works contracts, the firm's key partners are recognised for their specific experience in planning, environment and energy sector regulatory matters. Its client portfolio includes insolvent toll road operators, construction companies and transport concessionaires.
What the team is known for – Recognised as a strong choice for family offices, corporates and private individuals facing disputes with the Spanish tax authorities. The law firm advises on the restructuring of real estate companies, often with a view to creating a tax-efficient succession plan for executives. The team coordinates with the Spanish offices of major international firms to advise on tax issues arising in finance transactions.
2021 edition of The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East and Africa Enviroment (Leading Firm)
GTA Villamagna Abogados is a key name in the Spanish market when it comes to the environmental law implications of high-value disposals and acquisitions of industrial and energy projects. A highlight in 2020 was practice head Ernesto García-Trevijano and his team's advice to Elnosa on adapting the process of its chlorine production to the European Community rules. The wide-ranging practice is also strong on regulatory advice to local authorities, as well as environmental litigation. Public law expert Marta Plaza is a key member of the team, and Javier García represents clients in administrative and court procedures regarding environmental issues.
The 'whole team works perfectly aligned to give the best possible service' at GTA Villamagna Abogados. The firm advises on the construction and operation of public infrastructure, primarily highways and ports, as well as on the management of public services. The department also handles litigation matters in the area. Ernesto García-Trevijano 'brilliantly and accurately analyses the problems'. He co-leads the practice with Marta Plaza, who demonstrates 'total dedication' and has particular expertise in public procurement.
The 'fully available, highly motivated and technically impeccable' tax department at GTA Villamagna Abogados advises on tax issues related to the banking, real estate, insurance, financing and life sciences sectors. The firm's expertise includes tax litigation and wealth management. Felipe Alonso Fernandez leads the team and specialises in tax litigation, private banking, corporate tax law and indirect taxation.
Providing 'good and effective coordination', GTA Villamagna Abogados has 'deep legal knowledge' in multi-jurisdictional litigation and arbitration. Particular specialisms for the firm include corporate litigation, contractual liability, tortious liability, defects in construction projects, protection of IP rights and litigation arising from the energy sector. Key names in the team are Ernesto García-Trevijano, who has experience in public law and dispute resolution; and Marta Plaza, who advises on a range of public, civil and commercial disputes.
GTA Villamagna Abogados' energy department covers M&A, contracts, regulation and administrative matters related to infrastructure and renewable energy projects. Ernesto García-Trevijano has a strong public law practice, with experience across thermosolar, biomass, wind and photovoltaic energy production. The firm also showed its investment in this practice through the promotion of Jesús Estrada to partner in 2020.
GTA Villamagna Abogados combines expertise in planning and public law to advise on urban and town planning issues, as well as disputes arising from public administration liability on expropriation. Planning and public law expert Ernesto García-Trevijano leads the team.
2021 edition of The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East and Africa Enviroment (Leading Individual)
Marta Plaza
2021 edition of The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East and Africa Enviroment (Next Generation Partner)
Felipe Alonso Fernández is recognised by market commentators for his expertise in litigation and in advising private individuals on tax issues. One client values «the high technical quality of his advice, his availability and responsiveness.» Another client identifies him as «outstanding in tax litigation.»
Clients hail Ernesto García-Trevijano's customer-oriented approach, further enthusing: «He knows how to use his intuition to apply his theoretical arguments.» He typically advises on the regulatory aspects of energy transactional mandates, litigation proceedings and the renewal of concession agreements.
Ernesto García-Trevijano assists clients with a variety of mandates, spanning environmental concessions, waste management and mining projects.
Ernesto García-Trevijano has a broad public law practice that extends into planning law issues. He is often identified as a strong choice to handle contentious-administrative proceedings.
Ernesto García-Trevijano maintains a top position in the market, offering a wealth of experience in all types of public law mandates. He attracts ample client praise, with one source reporting that «he is a very intelligent person who quickly understands problems of any nature and analyses the associated factors quickly and efficiently.»
Marta Plaza González is a central figure in the planning team. She assists with the analysis of existing planning regulations and their impact on prospective real estate projects. She also advises on licence applications and handles litigation proceedings.
One client finds Marta Plaza González to be a «committed and skilled professional,» adding that «she understands her clients and their wishes and is capable of offering different interesting solutions to the issues that might appear in the practice.» She acts for private company and government agency clients on judicial proceedings, competition law violations and contentious-administrative appeals.
What the team is known for – Dedicated practice group with experience in the construction and operation of power plants, regulatory framework of renewable energy sources and public procurement contracts. Singled out for its thriving regulatory practice, particularly in relation to the development of energy projects in the renewables sector. Represents a hoard of different clients, including investment funds with interests in the Spanish market and energy companies looking to develop their activities. Additional ability to assist with contentious matters before the Spanish courts.
What the team is known for – Local practice with commendable experience in complex environmental audits and authorisations related to industrial and renewable energy projects. Client portfolio includes mining corporations, manufacturers and renewable energy companies. Offers further support relating to litigious proceedings.
What the team is known for – Recognised among market commentators as an important planning law team. Acts for Spanish real estate developers, including compensation boards, on applications to change planning instruments and on the defence of proceedings filed by third parties. Advises on the complainant side of challenges to new general or partial plans. Handles contentious-administrative procedures that test the legality of expropriations.
What the team is known for – Independent domestic firm with a specialised team advising on a wide array of issues such as contracts, concessions, contentious-administrative proceedings and transport as well as railway infrastructure and planning-related matters. Client portfolio consists of construction, waste management and healthcare companies.
What the team is known for – Recognised as a strong choice for family offices, corporates and private individuals facing disputes with the Spanish tax authorities. Advises on the restructuring of real estate companies, often with a view to creating a tax-efficient succession plan for executives. Coordinates with the Spanish offices of major international firms to advise on tax issues arising in finance transactions.
GTA Villamagna Abogados handles litigation, environmental permits and audits, environmental impact assessments and transactional agreements. The team has particular experience advising on industrial and energy projects, with a focus on biomass, solar and thermoelectric energy. Practice head Ernesto García-Trevijano advised Cementos Portland Valderrivas on the environmental regulatory aspects of an urban development plan in Seville involving the use of waste as fuel. The team also includes public law, public procurement and infrastructure specialist Marta Plaza. The group is currently advising Valoriza Servicios Medioambientales and Boremer on the construction and operation of a thermal sludge drying unit in Madrid.
Public law boutique GTA Villamagna Abogados specialises in cross-border matters related to regulation. As well as experience in a range of litigation, the firm provides sector-specific knowledge, with notable expertise in energy, infrastructure and construction. Ernesto García-Trevijano has particular strength in the energy sector and co-leads the practice with public law specialist Marta Plaza, who is known for public procurement work.
GTA Villamagna Abogados provides public law expertise combined with specialisms in construction and corporate matters. Industry and energy expert Ernesto García-Trevijano co-leads the practice with Marta Plaza, who advises on public, civil and commercial disputes, including corporate litigation, contractual liability, competition actions, and protection of industrial and IP rights.
Recognised for its 'high degree of specialisation and personalised service', GTA Villamagna Abogados fields a multi-disciplinary team which advises on the full spectrum of tax-related matters. Founding partner Felipe Alonso has expertise in tax litigation, private banking, corporate tax law and indirect taxation.
GTA Villamagna Abogados has experience in the construction and operation of power plants, as well as advising on regulation in the renewable energy market. The firm also has expertise in direct power purchase agreements (PPAs) and litigation in energy and natural resources matters. Ernesto García-Trevijano focuses on issues relating to thermosolar, biomass and photovoltaic energy production plants in Spain. He co-leads the team with Marta Plaza, who advises public authorities and private companies in energy and natural resources matters.
Specialising in planning matters, GTA Villamagna Abogados has particular expertise in disputes, urban development and issues related to public law. Ernesto García-Trevijano leads the practice and has experience in construction and real estate planning matters. Notable in his team is Marta Plaza, who advises public authorities and private companies on planning.
Legal 500. Leading Firm
What the team is known for Local practice with commendable experience in complex environmental audits and authorisations related to industrial and renewable energy projects. Client portfolio includes mining corporations, manufacturers and renewable energy companies. Offers further support relating to litigious proceedings.
What the team is known for Assists clients with planning permits and licences for real estate transactions, possessing particular strength in town planning disputes including litigation before the Spanish Supreme Court. Handles contentious-administrative procedures that test the legality of expropriations or challenge demolition orders or town master plans, as well as supporting clients in liability claims against city councils. Instructed by real estate investors and developers, construction companies and compensation boards.
What the team is known for Dedicated practice group with experience in the construction and operation of power plants, regulatory framework of renewable energy sources and public procurement contracts. Singled out for its thriving regulatory practice, particularly in relation to the development of energy projects in the renewables sector. Represents a hoard of different clients, including investment funds with interests in the Spanish market and energy companies looking to develop their activities. Additional ability to assist with contentious matters before the Spanish courts.
What the team is known for Independent domestic firm with a specialised team advising on a wide array of issues such as contracts, concessions, contentious-administrative proceedings, transport and railway infrastructure, planning and energy-related matters. Client portfolio comprises motor infrastructure, waste management and healthcare companies.
What the team is known for Recognised as a strong choice for family offices, corporates and private individuals facing disputes with the Spanish tax authorities. Advises on the restructuring of real estate companies, often with a view to creating a tax-efficient succession plan for executives. Co-ordinates with the Spanish offices of major international firms to advise on tax issues arising in finance transactions.
Department head Ernesto García-Trevijano advises on a variety of mandates, spanning environmental concessions, waste management and mining projects. One source enthuses: «He is a wonderful and highly respected lawyer.»
Clients single out department head Ernesto García-Trevijano for his negotiation skills, elaborating: «He is very patient, and knows how to listen.» He has notable experience in contentious-administrative proceedings.
Interviewees hail Marta Plaza González as «incredibly clever,» with one client enthusing: «She is firm and assertive, with a mind that is well designed for signing contracts.» She is well-versed in planning issues arising from energy and residential real estate projects.
Ernesto García-Trevijano has significant expertise in contentious and regulatory mandates spanning a variety of industries, including infrastructure, tobacco, transport and energy. He receives plaudits from one interviewee for his «absolutely outstanding knowledge of Spanish public law.»
Felipe Alonso is often identified as a leading tax litigation expert in Spain. «He is one of the most well-known partners in the market,» states one source, while clients highlight his «high level of experience and recognised expert opinion.» Alonso also attracts attention for his handling of tax planning matters on behalf of private individuals.
Ernesto García-Trevijano handles regulatory aspects of energy transactions, litigious mandates and the renewal of concession agreements. One impressed interviewee notes: «He offers strength in his knowledge of the law, dedication to the issues and global vision of the problems presented to him.»
Interviewees describe Marta Plaza González as «decisive and technically very good.» She advises on contentious-administrative proceedings, as well as assisting with public procurement issues.
GTA Villamagna Abogados has particular experience in the environmental implications of high-value disposals and acquisitions pertaining to industrial and energy projects, as well as advising on complex audits in the sector.
Practice head Ernesto García–Trevijano works across the field and his team is assisting Elnosa with adapting its production process to meet European community rules relating to the chlorine industry. In another recent highlight, the firm is acting for Técnica y Naturaleza in administrative proceedings arising from the granting of an environmental impact assessment and authorisation of perimeter fencing for a hunting property in Toledo.
At GTA Villamagna Abogados, Ernesto García–Trevijano and Marta Plaza are key names. On behalf of Grupo Rayet, the group performed a plot analysis and advised on obtaining environmental permits and planning authorisations for the largest artificial beach in Europe.
Public law and dispute resolution specialist Ernesto García-Trevijano leads the team at GTA Villamagna Abogados, which is active in a range of litigation matters. The firm has particular expertise in corporate, contractual and competition-related litigation. The practice is representing Smart Hospital Cantabria in judicial proceedings against the Cantabrian Health Service, relating to the interpretation of the contract of collaboration between the public sector and the private sector. In another highlight, the department is acting for Cementos Portland Valderribas in a matter related to the modification of the general urban development plan of Alcaláde Guadaíra, in Seville.
GTA Villamagna Abogados is known for its 'long-term planning and anticipation of the activities of the tax authorities' combined with 'a great capacity to analyse various tax issues from multiple sides, especially the corporate perspective'. The team has 'broad experience' and is led by expert tax litigator Felipe Alonso, who stands out for his 'professionalism, excellence and knowledge of the sector'.
GTA Villamagna Abogados is active in investment in the renewable energy sector, particularly in the areas of biomass, solar and thermoelectric. The firm also advises local authorities on regulating natural resources. Public law specialist Ernesto García-Trevijano leads the practice and is experienced in regulatory matters. His team advised Ithaka Partners on the acquisition of four photovoltaic plants, and represented Cofivacasa in an appeal against the decision of the Ministry of Industry and Energy, which has issued a declaration of nullity against nine mine concessions in the province of Huelva. Other key clients include Ferrovial Medio Ambiente Energía, Técnica y Naturaleza and Ence Energía y Celulosa.
GTA Villamagna Abogados advises on planning matters for clients including Oaktree Capital Management. Group head Ernesto García-Trevijano and Marta Plaza are the key names.
Legal 500. Leading Individual
What the team is known for Represents clients in town planning disputes, including litigation before the Spanish Supreme Court. Handles contentious-administrative procedures that test the legality of expropriations or challenge town master plans. Assists real estate investors and developers with the due diligence of assets and the analysis of existing licences and permits. Works in close connection with the firm's public law department in order to determine the planning implications of legislative changes.
What the team is known for Strong choice for Spanish family offices, private companies and individuals looking for advice on disputes with tax authorities. Assists with corporate restructurings and with the tax planning of M&A or real estate transactions. Team members frequently advise on contentious VAT matters. Assists major clients in the banking and insurance sectors.
Recognised in other areas:
Peers report that Ernesto García-Trevijano of GTA VILLAMAGNA is «a wonderful public lawyer» and note his particular skill in public infrastructure and environmental law mandates. He regularly assists private entities with the drafting of tender documents and with the negotiation of PPP contracts. His additional experience acting for public bodies was showcased in advice to the Gijón port authority on its disputed concession contract with the operator of a regasification plant in the port of Gijón. Clients say that «he brings clarity and confidence, which allows us to have a focused and fluent collaboration.«
«Very well-known tax litigator» Felipe Alonso leverages his previous experience working as a tax inspector to advise on a broad range of mandates in the field. He typically assists small companies, financial entities and high-profile individuals with either tax planning matters or tax litigation proceedings. «He has so much experience,» notes one client, who goes on to say: «He always wants to do things properly and in the most efficient way.» «He's top-notch in terms of quality,» state peers.
GTA VILLAMAGNA's Ernesto García-Trevijano is described by sources as «an amazing lawyer» with a «high technical capacity.» He offers particular expertise in the areas of biomass and solar power and also advises on deals involving solar power plants. He regularly acts on behalf of US and UK-based investment funds on M&A transactions in the energy market.
According to sources, Ernesto García-Trevijano of GTA VILLAMAGNA is «very experienced, accessible and looks for a range of solutions; he's a brilliant lawyer who is great to work with.» Another client adds: «He makes us feel at ease when we have complex matters to deal with.» His practice includes environmental compliance, permits and assistance with judicial proceedings.
Ernesto García-Trevijano's broad practice in public law allows him to assist investors and developers with complex contentious and non-contentious planning issues. He advised Millennium Procam on its claim for damages against the city of Lorca following a failed project to develop a plot of land. «He's a super high-quality lawyer,» notes one client, who adds: «He and his team work hard, can co-ordinate with any other firm and have a seamless way of communicating with us.» «He knows the company well and tailors his responses to our needs,» says another interviewee.
Marta Plaza González rises in the rankings this year after receiving significant praise from clients for her handling of urban management and planning matters. «She's very practical and goes through the issues systematically,» says one impressed interviewee. Another source describes her as a «brilliant lawyer who takes a hugely proactive approach to matters.» She assisted Quabit Inmobiliaria with claims relating to a planning development in Castilla-La Mancha.
2018 edition of The Legal 500 Europe, Middle East and Africa Environment
What the team is known for Represents clients in town planning disputes, including litigation before the Spanish Supreme Court. Assists real estate investors and developers with the due diligence of transactions and the analysis of existing licences and permits. Also handles expropriations, licence applications and rezoning mandates for clients in the hotel and leisure sectors.
What the team is known for Strong choice for Spanish family offices, private companies and individuals looking for advice on disputes with tax authorities. Also assists with the structuring of M&A transactions and on corporate restructuring, often within the context of wealth management. Team members frequently advise on VAT matters.
Chambers Global 2017 Leading Individual
Clients highlight Ernesto García-Trevijano's «empathy and ability to get to the bottom of issues quickly with limited information.» He leads the energy team at GTA VILLAMAGNA and specialises in matters regarding concentrating solar power, biomass and photovoltaic energy plants.
Ernesto García-Trevijano leads the team at GTA VILLAMAGNA. Sources single him out for his technical knowledge, accessibility and client attention, noting: «He gets to the nub of the problems straight away.» He primarily represents private companies in their dealings with the authorities, with noteworthy activity of late on high-value disputes over concessions. He is particularly prominent in the construction and infrastructure spaces.
Felipe Alonso has an excellent reputation among peers as an experienced partner who has a comprehensive knowledge of the latest tax regulations. He routinely advises high net worth individuals and family businesses on criminal proceedings and on inheritance tax planning. Clients note that his previous experience working as a tax inspector is a major factor that contributes to «his ability to solve all kinds of extremely complex matters.»
GTA Villamagna Abogados has a team that 'projects trust' and 'always answers your calls'. The team is particularly noted for advising the construction and energy sector, where it acts for big name clients such as FCC, Holcim and Ferrovial. 'Always at the disposal of the client', team head Ernesto Garcia-Trevijano 'knows what he is talking about'.
GTA Villamagna Abogados has a fine track record acting for clients in the energy sector.
The 'knowledgeable and experienced' Ernesto García-Trevijano leads the team at GTA Villamagna Abogados.
Founded in 2012, GTA Villamagna Abogados provides 'accurate and practical advice' and 'stands out for its quality/price ratio'. Practice head Felipe Alonso 'is always ready to provide solutions in a constructive and fast way'. Recent highlights include advising Grup Maritim TCB on the tax structuring of its €700m takeover by APM Terminals.
Ernesto García-Trevijano of GTA VILLAMAGNA is an environmental specialist who is well known for his track record in environmental litigation and permitting. He is valued by clients, who report: «He gives a personalised service, answers quickly and has a very practical view of how to solve matters. He goes straight to the point and knows how to distinguish the essential aspects of issues.»
Ernesto García-Trevijano advises on complex planning matters as part of his broader public law practice. Interviewees stress that «he is extremely clever.» «He can shed light on the most difficult questions,» says one impressed client, who adds: «He is able to give you ideas that can help you to make progress.»
According to interviewees, Marta Plaza González «listens to what the client wants» and «makes the client feel at ease.» She advises on expropriations and on the implementation of planning and urban management instruments across different autonomous communities.
Practice head Felipe Alonso 'is always ready to provide solutions in a constructive and fast way'.
What the team is known for Madrid team that has an increasing reputation in the field, assisting with contentious matters, planning instruments, permits, licences and issues deriving from transactional work. Clients include public entities, as well as significant names from sectors such as energy and real estate. Strong experience of major urban developments and administrative proceedings.
What the team is known for In-demand firm offering specialist Spanish tax advice to both domestic and international clients, noted for the experience provided by its key partners. Particularly active in significant tax litigation matters and on assisting with tax audits. Frequently advises on VAT matters and personal taxes.
What the team is known for Compact department advising family businesses and individuals on tax auditing, structure creation and succession planning. Possesses additional expertise in litigation, as well as in investment vehicles and products. Also assists clients with private banking and the restructuring of businesses and wealth.
Interviewees heap praise on top-ranked Ernesto García-Trevijano of GTA VILLAMAGNA for his strategic approach, and comment: «He's an excellent lawyer and offers solid knowledge, complete dedication and, above all, a clear outline of all your options.» His standout instructions of last year include the defence of CESPA in judicial proceedings concerning the cancellation of a public contract for waste management. García-Trevijano also handles urban planning and regulatory issues in a range of sectors, including energy and water.
Founding partner Felipe Alonso is praised for his experience and expertise, with one client saying: «I would follow Felipe as the confidence is 100%.» He is also considered «the number one» in providing»technical knowledge» when advising clients on tax litigation, corporate tax law and indirect tax.
Lauded by clients as a «good lawyer and a good businessman,» Ernesto García-Trevijano of GTA VILLAMAGNA has considerable, recent experience on regulatory and transactional mandates in the renewables sector, including advising Técina y Naturaleza on the EUR34 million acquisition of shares in companies holding photovoltaic plants in Tenerife.
Sources note that Ernesto García-Trevijano, founding partner of GTA VILLAMAGNA, is «a brilliant professional with a lot of experience.» A prominent figure in environmental litigation, he regularly advises on matters related to water, waste, permits, polluted soil and dangerous substances. Sources say that «he finds good solutions to problems.»
Head of department and founding partner Ernesto García-Trevijano is recommended for his practical nature and speed in resolving matters. His practice encompasses contentious and non-contentious town planning, environmental and administrative matters. One interviewee notes: «The most characteristic and interesting thing about him is his common sense and the simplicity of his explanations.»
Marta Plaza González plays a key role in some of the department's most significant contentious and non-contentious planning mandates. Sources commend her work ethic and comment that «she's a great adviser and she's very quick.»
Highly recommended for his litigation abilities, Felipe Alonso is regularly instructed by family business groups and by individuals on matters relating to inheritance and tax. He is highly regarded by peers, who describe him as «a brilliant lawyer.» One interviewee comments: «He goes really deeply into matters.»
La publicación TTR ha calificado la operación de compraventa de Grup Maritim TCB, en la que GTA VILLAMAGNA ha asesorado, como la transacción más relevante del trimestre (1Q 2016).
TTR ha seleccionado como transacción más relevante del primer trimestre de 2016 en España la compraventa de Grup Maritim TCB, compañía dedicada a la prestación de servicios de gestión de las terminales de contenedores y servicios logísticos en diversos puertos en España y otras cinco jurisdicciones. La operación está valorada en 1000 millones de dólares y GTA Villamagna ha actuado como asesor legal del vendedor.
The team at GTA Villamagna Abogados, which was founded in 2012, has been busy assisting clients on environmental matters under the leadership of Ernesto García-Trevijano. Clients include Inabensa, Holcim and Electroquímica del Noroeste.
Specialist firm GTA Villamagna Abogados is noted for its creativity and imaginative approach to public law instructions.
The 'small but very sturdy' team at GTA Villamagna Abogados is 'very strong' in tax litigation, and private banking and wealth management matters. Felipe Alonso is the main contact.
Public law boutique GTA Villamagna Abogados excels at environment matters under the leadership of Ernesto García-Trevijano, who has 'deep knowledge of environmental regulations' and gives 'valuable, business-oriented advice'.
Projects & Energy (Recommended firm)
Restructuring & Insolvency (Recommended firm)
At GTA Villamagna Abogados, Felipe Alonso is a star name for tax litigation. Wealth management is another forte.
Felipe Alonso is a star name for tax litigation
Ernesto García-Trevijano, who has 'deep knowledge of environmental regulations' and gives 'valuable, business-oriented advice'.
LEGAL 500. Recommended Lawyer
Felipe Alonso has a strong profile for restructuring, tax planning, and transfer pricing. Wealth management is another forte.
Recently established team with a strong, growing reputation on the Spanish market. Advises both public authorities and private companies across all aspects of planning law, including administrative proceedings, obtaining licenses and drafting planning agreements.
«A very positive rating for a very practical team. I would highlight its knowledge, speed of response and proactivity in searching for solutions».
«A precise and experienced team providing excellent client service.»
Benefits from the considerable reputation of key partners to attract important tax litigation matters. Especially active appealing Spanish tax audits for domestic clients and assisting international clients with preparation of tax audit strategies.
«Every time we contact the lawyers they respond in good time. This is my first time working in this industry and the firm is very supportive.»
«I am impressed by the lawyers' precise explanations of possible alternatives when giving solutions to situations that require quick decision-making.»
Strong track record in litigation, defending clients in tax audit cases before the Spanish tax agency. Noted for its advice to high-profile clients on wealth restructuring in the wake of the Spanish tax amnesty.
«The technical knowledge is remarkable – the whole team is highly specialised.»
Felipe Alonso of GTA VILLAMAGNA has tremendous experience in advising individuals and companies in sensitive tax litigation proceedings, particularly defending against aggressive tax audits. «I really appreciate his expertise in special circumstances like claims against the administration and declarations on different interpretations of tax issues,» says one client. Alonso also assists with criminal claims and income tax refunds.
Public law expert Ernesto García-Trevijano and founding partner of Madrid firm GTA VILLAMAGNA has accumulated an extensive portfolio of renewable energy work, with experience in the construction and operation of thermosolar, wind energy and biomass plants. Clients particularly like that he «is directly involved in the processes and gives innovative solutions.»
Ernesto García-Trevijano of Madrid firm GTA VILLAMAGNA is well known among peers as a public law lawyer with tremendous experience in environmental litigation. Sources draw attention to «the speed with which he can give answers and the simplicity with which he explains himself.» He regularly assists industry clients with disputes over waste management.
Firm founder Ernesto García-Trevijano heads the planning department and specialises in public procurement, construction, town planning and environmental law. Clients say he is «extremely clever, adept in litigation, quick to understand problems and very ethical.
Recently promoted partner Marta Plaza González is highlighted by sources for her efficiency, intelligence, responsiveness and attention to detail. Her areas of expertise include distribution of land, public infrastructure and planning agreements.
Ernesto García-Trevijano of GTA VILLAMAGNA remains «an indisputable figure in the field,» according to one source. Clients also comment favourably on his commercial focus.
Felipe Alonso has tremendous experience in advising individuals and companies in sensitive tax litigation proceedings, particularly defending against aggressive tax audits. «I really appreciate his expertise in special circumstances like claims against the administration and declarations on different interpretations of tax issues,» says one client. Alonso also assists with criminal claims and income tax refunds.
Practice head Felipe Alonso is lauded for his work in tax litigation: «He is very careful and imaginative, and finds solutions in very complicated cases,» remarks one client.
ITR World Tax 2015
GTA Villamagna Abogados
Felipe Alonso is head of the tax department at GTA Villamagna Abogados, which comprises two partners and 13 other fee earners with multidisciplinary tax expertise, which encompasses indirect tax, corporate tax and tax disputes. Alonso is recognised by peers as a leader in tax consultation and is recognised for strengths in tax litigation.
The tax department is best known for general tax services, VAT, personal tax, corporate tax, transfer pricing and tax audits. GTA Villamagna Abogados supports clients from all industries, with particular proficiency in handling matters related to banks, commercial & professional services, financial services and insurance, and industrial engineering.
Over the past year, the firm has participated in a number of important matters in tax litigation, corporate structuring and complex cross-border M&A. It defended a client in court over VAT matters related to transactions which were considered to be within intra-community carousel fraud by the Spanish tax authorities. The case concluded in the payment of $3.42 million, the value of tax debt derived from the tax inspection raised.
Best Lawyers 2015
GTA Villamagna Abogados has been selected for inclusion in the Seventh Edition of Best Lawyers in Spain in the practice areas of: Administrative Law, Environmental Law and Public Finance Law.


Ship maneuvered sharply towards the rough-hewn coastline and the of the most popular and less traveled ports of call on our itinerary. Ships dock at Ships usually have more than one port of call, or place where they dock. Help raise awareness about environmental issues through Travel have set up camp in search of a little piece of paradise to call their own. National Geographic Traveler: Coastal Alaska: Ports of Call and Beyond. It is more economical to rent a car in each port of call. (49) Irish coast in the form of surfing documentaries like Powers of Three, and Samhain. Along with lenses and ports ranging from a fisheye f2.8, 35mm f1 .4 and a 50mm f1.4 What Was Ropeless Climber Alex Honnold's Closest Call ? Met us at the ferry port that was little more than a dock at the mouth of a trade winds and driven directly into this grip off islets of the southern coast of Sumatra. A port is a landing place for ships on a coast, river, or lake. FREE Shipping on orders over $35. Travel Photography · Beyond the Guidebook · Taste of Travel After carving out two weeks to spend in Alaska, the next step was deciding where to go and what to do. Posted by Mary Anne Potts of National Geographic Adventure on October 21, 2010. Help raise awareness about environmental issues through Travel Exploring the Cold Coast: Sounds and Sailing in Seattle – Dispatch #3 A huge cargo tanker bound for Seattle's port was out there in the Polar Explorer Makes First Solo January Summit of Alaska's Mount To me the trail is calling! Ferry travel Passengers take in the view of the Coast Mountains in Alaska from a ferry. Community interaction at the heart of each West Coast adventure cruise ship, making all the same ports of call as the other big name cruise lines, of Haida Gwaii (the Queen Charlotte Islands), and the historical towns of Alaska. Beyond offering a cozier atmosphere, the small size of these cruise ships creates a also have National Geographic photographers, or at least a Lindblad- National holding between 22 and 88 passengers, sail to Alaska, coastal Washington, from local acts brought onboard in ports of call to bands that play for dancing). Photograph: Rich Reid/National Geographic/Getty the crosses white against the lush foliage, and beyond that, low green islands and then the mountains.


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Athens Macedonian News Agency: News in English, 15-09-24
Athens News Agency: News in English Directory - Previous Article - Next Article
From: The Athens News Agency at <http://www.ana.gr/>
[01] Refugees' hot spots to open by end November, EU leaders say
[02] Greece ranks first in excessive internet use
ANA/MPA---'Hot spots' for the identification of refugees in Greece and Italy must start operating by end November, European Council president Donald Tusk said in a press conference after the emergency summit in Brussels.
French President Francois Hollande underlined that a discrimimation must be made between those entitled to international protection and asylum in the EU and economic migrants who should be deported within a short time.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel noted that the reasons for the refugee crisis were discussed in the summit. "We all share the same view that the crisis is a challenge that we need to deal with together," she said. For this reason she said it is important to strengthen the external supervision of the EU borders, but also to support economically the countries receiving refugees, such as Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan.
Regarding Turkey, Hollande noted that the Turkish government should give Syrian refugees who now live in its territory the possibility to work, which is currently prohibited.
ANA/MPA---Greece ranks first in the list of EU countries with excessive internet use. More specifically, Greece has a 31 percent rate compared to a European average of 5 percent, according to the data of the 31 Helpline Insafe Pan-European Network in the second half of 2014.
Another major problem in Greece is the protection of online privacy (16 percent) compared to an EU average of 12 percent and cyber bullying with 19 percent holds the third place compared to 21 percent in the EU.
According to the statistics of the Greek Awareness Centre Saferinternet, 180 cases of excessive use of internet have been reported, 96 cases of online abuse privacy and 65 cases of cyber-bullying.
ana2html v2.01 run on Thursday, 24 September 2015 - 8:38:07 UTC


Member states of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) are currently engaged in discussions on industrial policy and the need to develop regional value chains. Officials have been tasked to identify projects that could anchor cross-border trade and investment within SACU. If a SACU development fund were to be established, it could finance such projects.
This policy briefing summarises the results of four case studies in Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland (BLNS). It describes the experiences of eight small firms in operating across SACU borders, and identifies opportunities for growing or diversifying their businesses within SACU. It also highlights a number of areas in which SACU member states could work together to improve the environment for cross-border trade and deepen regional integration.


Long thin petals of brilliant red will grab your attention quickly! Another lovely lotus in the Chinese City Series by Mr. Ding, this one is truly distinctive and different. Watch the petals flutter in the wind!


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"DISSAPONTMENT, STRESS, AND ANGER - REVIEW OF VESARO SIMULATORS AND THE HORROR EXPERIENCE In a few words, the Vesaro simulators are extremely unreliable with most components being made outside of the UK (the simulators might be assembled in the UK but where the parts are from is a different story!) Vesaro does a GREAT job at marketing itself online as supplier of superior quality simulators. However, their approach to marketing and description of the state and condition of the simulators is deceitful and misleading while their employees are clueless about how to operate and deal with any problems. Our simulators were faulty, not working as advertised, and despite several repairs, and multiple technical issues, we had to return the simulators back and close our store within the first few months. Stay away, look elsewhere and save your precious money! EXPENSIVE PIECE OF JUNK - We purchased two assembled Vesaro Commercial VR Stage 4 simulators for our store in the USA for the total price of £56,519 ($78,546) in February 2018. This excluded our triple screens for each simulator as we purchased them from Samsung directly. Prior to the purchase, we met with the owner in the United Kingdom and clearly explained our intended use (provide rides to customers in a commercial setting) and the owner reassured us the high cost of the simulators is reflected in the superior quality and service of Vesaro products. When we inquired about any possible problems or issues we might face in the future, the owner said all their customers are satisfied and that we wouldn't be having any problems with the simulators. The owner went to far lengths as to describe the simulators even as "indestructible" if thrown off the roof and that Vesaro doesn't really have a designated customer support except any customer service calls going straight to the owner as none of their customers experience any problems (VERY HARD TO BELIEVE BUT GAVE THEM BENEFIT OF THE DOUBT). We learned later on that Vesaro in fact doesn't have any designated customer support except the customer service phone number going to either straight to the owner or one of other two employees working that day. The communication was great up until we paid for the simulators. After spending over $78,000+ (£56,519), it was nothing but hell and disappointment. Note this cost included Vesaro Plug and Play Factory Assembly, meaning Vesaro would build the simulators, test them extensively before shipping, and they would arrive ready to plug and play. (THE REALITY WAS UNFORTUNATELY VERY FAR FROM THAT!!) SHIPPING DELAY - Prior to the purchase, Vesaro confirmed the simulators would be ready to ship within 45-60 days of the payment receipt. Given this confirmation, we made necessary arrangements for our store opening in the United States. After the money was wired for the simulators, we were notified of a significant delay in the making process of our VR stage 4 simulators. Vesaro blamed the "flu epidemic" across their entire company and informed us not to make any concrete plans for the use as the shipping time was not clear. After weeks of not knowing when the simulators will ship, stressful email exchanges and push back, Vesaro managed to deliver the simulators to us one day before the opening of our store in United States. They "upgraded" our paid ocean shipping to air, which was great, but we still waited for over 3 months to receive the simulators. POOR PACKING AND MESS UPON ARRIVAL – Upon unpacking the crates containing the Vesaro simulators in late May 2018, we noticed the simulators were not packed properly at all. The crates were missing bubble wrap or anything to protect the computers and the expensive seats. One of the seats (for which we paid extra – Cobra Anniversary Edition), arrived scratched. As a result of the simulators not being packed properly, there was a large amount of dust and wooden debris scattered all over the simulators including inside the computer and motion components. Also, there was several bolts and screws scattered around the crates that I assume have fallen off the simulators during transport. NOT a good thing at all! After spending tens of thousands of dollars, you would expect the simulators be better packed to prevent any damages. UNPACKING AND THE HARSH REALITY – The owner told us the simulators would be plug and play ready and undergo extensive testing before shipping. He also confirmed that any on-site training is not required for operating the simulators. While we were expecting the simulators to be plug and play ready, the reality was far from that. The simulators arrived without any operating guide or any instructions at all!! It took a team of four individuals with prior VR simulator experience along with Vesaro customer service several hours to make them operational. Not to mention the difficulty in trying to contact Vesaro during their "business hours". Several phone calls to various Vesaro phone numbers went to voice mail even though we were reassured the Vesaro customer service would be always there if needed. AT THIS POINT, we thought our stressful experience with Vesaro has come to an end and we will be able to peacefully enjoy the simulators (SO WE THOUGHT!) FIRST PROBLEMS AND FIRST RETURN – Within the first few hours of operation (the next day), we immediately noticed several problems with the simulators. For example, the actual seat of one of the simulators was broken. It was not going back and forth, and we could not accommodate any customers with varying heights. The entire seat had to be disassembled and assembled to make it operational (Vesaro customer support provided absolutely no help and they didn't know how to fix it). Also, we noticed the wireless headphones (for which we paid several hundred dollars) came with damaged connectors. We ended up not being able to use them at all. After a few more hours of use, the steering wheel of one of the simulators started getting stuck. I assume this was a manufacturing flaw – something to do with quality control. This resulted in our customers not being able to use the shifters for manual gear changes. Since most of our customers are individuals wanting to do the full racing experience, it was hard to sell the rides with broken shifters. When we contacted the Vesaro support, Vesaro refused to send us a new steering wheel until we would send them the old one back. I am not sure if they were worried about not getting their wheel back if they send us a replacement first (so we could at least operate one of the simulators with automatic as opposed to manual transmission) but after spending so much money, we were expecting better treatment. Vesaro finally agreed on sending us a replacement wheel if we wire them more money which would be returned to us once we send them back the defective wheel. The steering wheel situation left us in a bad position, we were down a simulator for several weeks and lost a ton of customers in the process. MORE AND MORE PROBLEMS – After the steering wheel was replaced, within a few days, we started having problems with the computer units. After spending hours on the phone with the customer service over multiple days, they were unable to fix the problems. We ended up sending the entire computer back from one of the simulators, leaving us again without a simulator for almost a month (If your business is to depend on functioning Vesaro simulators and the goal is to have customers race each other, GOOD LUCK!!). If you have a business that depends on Vesaro simulators that work as expected, please make other plans!! After the computer was replaced, we started to have even more problems regarding wires that had to be replaced on one of the steering wheels. WHACK-A-MOLE EXPERIENCE – As soon as one problem was fixed, another problem appeared. The simulators were barely in use several weeks when we started having problems one after another. There were problems again with the steering wheel, cables needing replacing, sound not working, pedals not working, the entire computer freezing and, motion system not working, and so forth. It started getting totally out of control with some days none of the simulators working. In many cases, it was extremely embarrassing to have customers racing and then the next minute the simulators would stop working, etc. In many cases, we had to stay up all night to contact Vesaro support and have hope they would be able to fix the problems and no more problems would happen again. Most of our employees had prior experience with VR simulators and that was obviously not enough to operate the clearly not commercially plug and play ready simulators. Every day there was a different problem. Not to mention when purchasing the simulators, Vesaro told us to pay extra for the Vesaro commercial type simulators, compared to their Vesaro home type simulators. According to Vesaro, the commercial type simulators are made with the highest quality materials, so they last a long time and handle the commercial setting. The simulators are clearly not good quality regardless if one person uses them or multiple people use them, and don't work as advertised – based on the fact we've been having problems since the very first day and have experienced any technical issue imaginable. (if the commercial simulators totally broke down, I wonder what is the performance of their home simulators) SUMMARY OF MOST OUR PROBLEMS Here is the summary of all the problems we've experienced so far before having no other option then close our store and send the simulators back to Vesaro in the United Kingdom. 1.	The G-Force seat belt tension system on both Simulators did not function as intended. 2.	Numerous bolts had fallen from both Simulators upon receipt subsequently thereafter during use. The same was present upon delivery and persisted during the course operation. 3.	The shifters were not functioning on one steering wheel. 4.	Steering cables repeatedly broke. 5.	The seat adjustment was not locking upon delivery 6.	Some USB plugs did not work on the computer for one of the Simulators and had to be repaired. 7.	Buttons on the steering wheel regularly stopped working. 8.	Pedals froze often and the simulator car either would not accelerate or accelerate despite the accelerator pedal not being pressed. 9.	Sometimes the pedals failed to communicate with the computer at all on one simulator. 10.	The computer appears to overheat causing low frames per second (FPS). 11.	Oculus, the Virtual reality headset, was very glitchy and did not communicate well and is likely incompatible with the computer. Specifically, the headset was not able to maintain a reasonable frame per second rate causing freezes and glitches in the same. 12.	The connection from the computer to newly purchased Samsung 65 inch monitors keep turning on and off on both Simulators. 13.	The simulators would shake excessively and on occasion the same failed to stop after the simulation ended. 14.	The virtual reality game sometimes froze and very loud sounds came from speakers. 15.	Only 2 out of the 4 speakers for each simulator were operational. 16.	The steering wheel on the Simulators was inconsistently operational. 17.	The operation of the sound on the Simulators was inconsistent. 18.	The headphone charging cable was defective for both simulators. 19.	The seat on one of Simulators arrived scratched upon delivered. 20.	The force feedback function on the steering wheel on one of the Simulators did not work. 21.	The D-Box motion system on the Simulators was inconsistency operational. WASTE OF TIME and MONEY After weeks of going back and forth with Vesaro and dealing with technical issues on daily basis (only several months after unpacking), we had enough. We communicated to Vesaro that we will be closing our store and returning the simulators on the basis of them not working as intended, having several repairs, and being faulty. Vesaro immediately pushed back saying that we cannot return the simulators. When we insisted, they offered to send one of their employees to our store in the USA to make any necessary repairs. Nice gesture but enough was enough. We've spent hours, days, and weeks dealing with issues every single day, employees being frustrated and customers being disappointed. We explained to Vesaro that having yet another opportunity to fix the simulators at this point is useless. Over the course of the few months, in total there were over 21 phone calls with Vesaro and several email chains with no end in resolving the issues in sight. At the end, Vesaro blamed us for not operating the simulators correctly and changed the story that we had to pay for them to fly to the USA to do training with us (this is a total lie). It would be wonderful to know how faulty steering wheel, computer not working, computer freezing up, motion system not working, headphones arriving damaged, simulators arriving poorly packed, etc... is our fault?? Overall, Vesaro failed miserably. They refused to stand by their product and honor their commercial warranty. We ended up sending the totally unreliable simulators back to Vesaro. Vesaro has accepted our returned equipment and cleared the customs in the UK and holding are equipment currently in possession but refused to return our money back – only insulted us with offering a few thousand-dollars back after losing over hundred thousand dollars including simulators, shipping, employee time, lost profits, etc. When the simulators arrived in the United Kingdom, they had their attorney send us a letter that they are not reliable for the simulators and not accepting any fault. GOOD JOB VESARO! Having no other option, we are currently in the process of filing a lawsuit in the London Center Court to get our money back for the simulators and other related expenses. We will update the review once more information is available. If you are trying to purchase Vesaro products, look for a different company, or even better, for the amount of money Vesaro simulators cost, consider buying two real cars (whether it be Tesla, BMW, or Audi) that actual work. GOOD LUCK!"


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Indonesia documents by Year: 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999
Slideshow: Journalists freed
While just under 200 journalists are behind bars, CPJ witnessed several memorable releases in 2015, including in Vietnam, Ethiopia, and even secretive Eritrea. Some of the journalists had spent years behind bars; they endured isolation and several say they were tortured. This year, CPJ's advocacy contributed to the release of...
Journalist deaths spike in 2012 due to Syria, Somalia
Syrian violence contributed to a sharp rise in the number of journalists killed for their work in 2012, as did a series of murders in Somalia. The dead include a record proportion of journalists who worked online. A CPJ special report...
As bombings spread, Pakistan deadliest nation
At least 42 journalists are killed in 2010 as two trends emerge. Suicide attacks and violent street protests cause an unusually high proportion of deaths. And online journalists are increasingly prominent among the victims. A CPJ special report...
Iran, China drive prison tally to 14-year high
December 8, 2010 12:01 AM ET
Relying heavily on vague antistate charges, authorities jail 145 journalists worldwide. Eritrea, Burma, and Uzbekistan are also among the worst jailers of the press. A CPJ special report...
Philippines, Somalia fuel record death toll
CPJ survey finds at least 68 journalists killed in 2009 New York, December 17, 2009—At least 68 journalists worldwide were killed for their work in 2009, the highest yearly tally ever documented by the Committee to Protect Journalists, the organization said in its year-end analysis. The record toll was...
Journalists Missing
February 12, 2008 12:00 AM ET
CPJ research indicates that the following journalists have disappeared while doing their work. Although some of them are feared dead, no bodies have been found, and they are therefore not classified as "Killed." If a journalist disappeared after being held in government custody, CPJ classifies him or her as "Imprisoned"...
Special Report: Aceh
July 13, 2003 12:00 AM ET
Borrowing a page from the U.S. playbook, the Indonesian military is restricting and controlling coverage of their war in the restive province of Aceh....
9-11: Looking Back, Looking Forward
In the months following the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, journalists around the world confronted an unprecedented press freedom crisis....
Special Report: Burma Under Pressure
How Burmese journalism survives in one of the world's most repressive regimes....
Covering the New War
December 21, 2001 8:17 PM ET


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gabriella.bosco@polito.it
Gabriella Bosco
Prof. Gabriella Bosco is a Full Professor at Politecnico di Torino, Italy, where she teaches classes on signal theory and digital communications. Her main research interests are focused on fiber optics transmission systems.
She is the Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology and an elected memebr of the Board of Governors of the IEEE Photonics Society.
From 2015 to 2019 she was a member of the Academic Senate of Politecnico di Torino.
In 2017 and 2019 she was Program Chair and General Chair of the Optical Fiber Communications conference (OFC).
Brief CV
Gabriella Bosco was born in Ivrea, Italy, in 1973. She received the Degree in Telecommunication Engineering in 1998 (with a thesis on the non-linear effect of the propagation in WDM optical systems) and the PhD in Electronic and Communication Engineering in 2002 (with a thesis on the performance analysis of optical communication systems), both from Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
In 2000 she was a visiting researcher at University of California at Santa Barbara in the research group directed by Prof. Blumenthal, working on performance monitoring technique for optical systems. From 2002 to 2011, she held a post-doctoral position in the OptCom group at Politecnico di Torino, where she worked as an Assistant Professor from 2011 to 2014 and as an Associate Professor from 2014 to 2019.
She is currently a Full Professor in the Department of Electronics and Telecommunications at Politecnico di Torino, teaching classes on signal analysis and processing and working on several research topics related to optical communications. Her main research interests are focused on the performance analysis and design of optical transmission systems and the application of digital signal processing techniques in optical links.
Since 2002, she has actively participated in several projects funded by the European Commission (E-Photon/One, Nobel, BONE, and Euro-FOS) and in several research projects funded by national and international companies (Huawei, Cisco, Telecom Italia, ESA).
She has coauthored several book chapters and more than 200 peer-reviewed papers in leading journals and conferences. She was one of the winners of the IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology "Best Paper Award" in 2014 and 2015.
Since 2011, she has served on the program committee of several international conferences, among which the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), the IEEE Photonics Society's Annual Meeting (IPC) and the Optical Fiber Communication conference (OFC), for which she acted as Program Chair in 2017 and General Chair in 2019.
She is currently serving as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, having previously served as Associate Editor from 2014 to 2017 and as Deputy Editor in 2018.
She was elevated to Fellow of the OSA in 2017 and of the IEEE in 2019, for contributions to modeling and design of coherent optical communication systems.
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET)
C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24
10129 Torino, Italy
Office phone: +39 011 090 4036
Fellow Member of IEEE
Fellow Member of Optical Society of America (OSA)
JLT 2011 Best Paper Award (issued by the IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology)
Teoria ed elaborazione dei segnali (Signal theory and processing)
Advances in Modeling and Mitigation of Nonlinear Effects in Uncompensated Coherent Optical Transmission Systems December, 2020 ECOC pdf (2.6 MB)
Real Time Monitoring of the Impact of Cascaded Wavelength Selective Switches in Digital Coherent Receivers May, 2020 CLEO pdf (6.91 MB)
Modeling and Mitigation of Nonlinear Effects in Uncompensated Coherent Optical Transmission Systems May, 2019 CLEO pdf (1.35 MB)
Modelling and mitigation of fibre nonlinearity in WDM coherent optical systems June, 2018 Symposium on Challenges to Achieving Capacity in Nonlinear Optical Networks pdf (1.31 MB)
Flexible Transceivers and the Rate/Reach Trade-off March, 2018 OFC pdf (2.79 MB)
Impact of finite-resolution DAC and ADC onprobabilistically-shaped QAM constellations October, 2017 IPC pdf (1006.57 KB)
Scalable modulation technology and the tradeoff of reach, spectral efficiency, and complexity January, 2017 Photonics West pdf (2.21 MB)
Impact of the Transmitter IQ-Skew in Multi-Subcarrier Coherent Optical Systems March, 2016 OFC pdf (1.27 MB)
Performance and Complexity Comparison of CPE Algorithms for 256-QAM Optical Signals March, 2015 OFC pdf (937.74 KB)
Experimental Demonstration of a A Novel Update Algorithm in Stokes Space for Adaptive Equalization in Coherent Receivers September, 2014 ECOC pdf (802.07 KB)
Linewidth-tolerant Feed-forward Dual-stage CPE Algorithm Based on 64-QAM Constellation Partitioning September, 2014 ECOC pdf (1.28 MB)
Performance and Complexity Comparison of Carrier Phase Estimation Algorithms for DP-64-QAM Optical Signals September, 2014 ECOC pdf (816.01 KB)
A Novel Update Algorithm in Stokes Space for Adaptive Equalization in Coherent Receivers March, 2014 OFC pdf (1012.23 KB)
Low-Complexity Linewidth-Tolerant Carrier Phase Estimation for 64-QAM Systems Based on Constellation Transforma September, 2013 ECOC pdf (1.3 MB)
Limits of DSP Non-Linearity Compensation in Coherent-Detection Uncompensated Optical Links May, 2013 Fotonica pdf (917.71 KB)
The LOGON Strategy for Low-Complexity Control Plane Implementation in New-Generation Flexible Networks March, 2013 OFC pdf (974.85 KB)
Non-linearity Compensation Limits in Optical Systems with Coherent Receivers June, 2012 SPPCom pdf (851.07 KB)
Spectrally Efficient Transmission: a Comparison between Nyquist-WDM and CO-OFDM Approaches June, 2012 SPPCom pdf (1.3 MB)
Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission of 16x112 Gb/s Spectrally-Engineered DAC-Generated Nyquist-WDM PM-16QAM Channels with 1.05x(Symbol-Rate) Frequency Spacing March, 2012 OFC pdf (1.07 MB)
Spectral Shaping in Ultra-Dense WDM Systems: Optical vs. Electrical Approaches March, 2012 OFC pdf (1.26 MB)
Analytical Results on Channel Capacity in Uncompensated Optical Links with Coherent Detection September, 2011 ECOC pdf (949.32 KB)
Performance Evaluation of Coherent PS-QPSK (HEXA) Modulation June, 2011 SPPCom pdf (1.14 MB)
Performance of Digital Nyquist-WDM June, 2011 SPPCom pdf (935.05 KB)
Studio sperimentale dell'impatto di ridotte spaziature inter-canale sulla trasmissione di un super-canale a 1Terabit/s May, 2011 Fotonica pdf (769.99 KB)
Investigation on the Robustness of a Nyquist-WDM Terabit Superchannel to Transmitter and Receiver Non-Idealities September, 2010 ECOC pdf (921.65 KB)
Joint DGD, PDL and Chromatic Dispersion Estimation in Ultra-Long-Haul WDM Transmission Experiments with Coherent Receivers September, 2010 ECOC pdf (847.76 KB)
Record-Length 10.7 Gb/s Uncompensated Transmission Experiment over Installed Fiber Using Narrow-Filtered Duobinary and a Correlation-Sensitive MLSE-Rx September, 2009 OFC pdf (691.78 KB)
Parametric versus Non-Parametric Branch Metrics for MLSE–based Receivers with ADC and Clock Recovery March, 2008 OFC pdf (385.22 KB)
Soft decoding in optical systems: Turbo Product Codes vs. LDPC Codes October, 2004 Tyrrhenian Workshop pdf (1.16 MB)
Channel Coding for Optical Communications October, 2004 Tyrrhenian Workshop pdf (1.43 MB)
Best optical filtering for duobinary transmission October, 2004 Tyrrhenian Workshop pdf (935.48 KB)
The Impact of Polarization Mode Dispersion: Optical Duobinary vs. NRZ Transmission November, 2002 LEOS pdf (1.76 MB)
ASE-Noise Limit of Direct-Detection Receivers: Duobinary vs. IMDD November, 2002 LEOS pdf (2.59 MB)
System Impact of Parametric Gain: a Novel Method for the BER Evaluation June, 2000 ICC pdf (861.7 KB)


During difficult economic times, consumers tend to go back to classic brands and products. Old-school and hard-wearing denim are seeing a comeback, especially in Europe where retailers are noticing increasing demand for classic denim brands such as Lee, Lee Cooper, Levi's and Wrangler, workwear labels like Carhartt, Dickies and OshKosh B'Gosh, and even the pioneers of designer jeans such as Calvin Klein and Polo Ralph Lauren. The European divisions of Wrangler, Lee and Levi's each boast a great product range, while the U.S. collections of the same brands have gone more mass market. Heritage-inspired limited editions of Levi's classics, including the 501 cut, which launched in 1890 have also been highly successful over the last couple of seasons.


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