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Teen Reviews
International Women's Day: Recognizing Women Who Changed the Face of Literature
by Kristin Baer, E-Services/Web Marketing Librarian
It's International Women's Day, a time to highlight the importance of women's contributions to the world we live in. In this spirit, we thought it might be interesting to take a look at how female authors have shaped literature as we know it. In putting together this post, it was very difficult to decide who to spotlight because, as it turns out, many women worldwide have left some amazing literary legacies.
So, we have opted to call attention to a few notable female authors, with the hope that you lovely readers will chime in with a comment and tell us about your own favorites and how they have changed the world for you.
In the meantime, here are some creative women who came to mind for us:
Maya Angelou is arguably the most famous African-American autobiographer and poet, and her accomplishments actually live up to the hype. Her work gave literary, political voice to African-American women; beyond that, the nontraditional structure and unique literary style of Angelou's autobiography pushed stylistic boundaries for the genre and encouraged new forms of expression for female writers.
Jane Austen's influence on literature and popular culture looms large, even centuries after her death. Generations of readers have enjoyed Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Emma, and her other writings, but her work is also praised by scholars for the important historical contexts it provides and for Austen's mastery of style. While we now take for granted that women can and should be protagonists in novels, Austen was among the first to popularize this concept, creating compelling heroines with authentic personalities.
Judy Blume was one of the first authors to write novels for a young adult audience (YA) that confronted social taboos, including menstruation, teen sex, and birth control and, because of these candid discussions, over the years many individuals and groups have lobbied to have her books banned within public schools and libraries. According to the American Library Association (ALA), Blume is one of the most frequently challenged authors of the 21st century, but despite this her books continue to sell--and in large numbers.
Most of us know of Charlotte Brontë from required reading for English class, but what you may not know is that this English author was quite a rebel. When Jane Eyre was first published in 1847 the notion of having or expressing an individual "Self" was pretty radical, so you can imagine what many 19th Century readers thought of the novel's heroine and the author who created her. Brontë's sisters made significant impacts on literature, too: Emily Brontë gave us the Gothic classic Wuthering Heights, and Anne Brontë's The Tennant of Wildfell Hall ultimately inspired reforms in legal protections for women (at the time the novel was written, English women could not own property, sue for divorce, or control custody of their children).
Agatha Christie is one of the best-selling authors of all time and she has been dubbed the "Queen of Crime" both because of how many murder mysteries she wrote and the strong influence her work had on subsequent writers. She is credited with introducing many of the plot twists used by later mystery writers and which can still be seen on many procedural crime dramas.
Alongside Walt Whitman, Dickinson is recognized as one of 19th century's American poets. She was ahead of her time, using unconventional poetic techniques, such as short lines, slant rhyme, and unusual punctuation, and is considered the mother of American English free verse poetry (the most common style for contemporary American poetry).
S.E. Hinton
S.E. Hinton published her first young adult novel when she was a young adult: she began writing it at age fifteen and published it at eighteen. The Outsiders, which still sells more than 500,000 copies a year, was one of the first books to genuinely connect readers, young and old, to the experiences and emotional lives of teenagers.
Harper Lee's literary reputation mainly rests on her 1960 novel To Kill a Mockingbird, but this story on its own exerted a profound influence on attitudes toward racial inequality and injustice, in Lee's native Deep South and throughout the United States.
If you enjoy reading novels, history suggests that you probably have Murasaki Shikibu to thank for the pleasure. Drawing on her experiences as a lady-in-waiting in Japan's Imperial court, she anonymously penned what is widely recognized as the first modern novel, The Tale of Genji.
Baroness Emma Orczy
Like superhero stories? Some historians credit Baroness Orczy's The Scarlet Pimpernel as the first appearance of a modern superhero.
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley
Except for Dracula, Frankenstein's "Creature" is perhaps the most popular fictional monster, and had teenaged Mary Shelley not enthusiastically accepted Lord Byron's rainy-day challenge to write a bone-chilling story, the world of fiction would be a much duller place. Although it is not quite true that Shelley invented the science fiction genre (that credit seems due to Margaret Cavendish), she definitely popularized it. Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus was a landmark as well in that it helped change social assumptions about female authors (and pave the way for more of them).
Esteemed poet and author Phillis Wheatley was the first published African American woman, a feat made all the more impressive given that she was born in West Africa and sold into slavery at a young age and, therefore, learned to read comparatively late by our modern-day standards. George Washington was among her biggest fans.
Among other things, Woolf is seen as a major innovator among novelists, for her experimentation with "stream of consciousness" writing, rich in inner monologue and auditory and visual description of individuals' experiences, especially those of everyday women. As an essayist, she wrote extensively and passionately about issues of women's equality, in access to education, in marriage, and in other contexts.
We hope you've enjoyed getting to know these ladies, but we know we've left out many who deserve to be mentioned here. Who would you add to this list (and why)?
Labels: 2017, female authors, International Women's Day, literature
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1 2 3 o' clock 4 o' clock Rock
It's a Music Geek Wonderland . . . at Houston Roby's Electrical Magazine
Review: Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds – Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds & Beady Eye – Different Gear, Still Speeding
By Houston Roby July 28, 2012
In honour of the opening of the London Olympics, let's get British . . .
Do you remember when Oasis used to be great? Of course you don't. At least not if you're an American, since it's been nearly 20 years.
While every one of their 7 studio albums went to the top of the charts in the UK and they managed a number of hit songs, they basically fell off the edge of the earth in the States after their second album, (What's The Story) Morning Glory?, sold a bajillion copies (approximately). Oasis hopelessly lost their way over the course of their next 3 releases due to drugs and . . . well, more drugs . . . and by the time they started to rebound with Don't Believe The Truth and Dig Out Your Soul, only a limited number of people cared—those die-hard fans who will buy everything, and those who still held out hope the boys might remember what a catchy song sounds like (those like me, and I only vaguely cared).
The two brothers leading the band, Noel and Liam, always had a contentious relationship (to say the least . . . like cats and dogs—and by "cat" I mean "ferocious tiger," and by "dog" I mean "they wanted to kill each other") and they finally broke up a few years ago amid lots of shouting and punches and broken guitars.
Well, they sort of broke up. Really there were just a couple of minor changes. Liam and the rest of the band stayed together and formed Beady Eye. Noel formed Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds.
Interestingly, the break managed to reinvigorate everyone and the respective debut albums by both bands sound like a return to form. Oasis fans may have mixed feelings at the split, I don't know (I haven't taken a poll), but they should be thrilled since they basically get two albums now instead of one. Take the best tracks from each to make your own super-tight, new-fangled Oasis album or mix all the tracks together for a sprawling, classic rock double-album like they used to do back in the day.
The two bands share similar—and expected—traits: mainly, the total disregard for anything sounding remotely modern, and—as they are wont to do—certain tracks are "inspired by" (to put it generously) other people's songs (e.g. Noel's "AKA…Broken Arrow" lifts the verse melody from Duran Duran's "The Chauffeur," and Beady Eye's "The Roller" crosses The Beatles' "All You Need Is Love" with Lennon's solo single "Instant Karma," but at least they have excellent taste).
Ultimately, it must be accepted that neither album quite hits the heights of the early days since each feels like it's missing something (which is each other), but replicating the magic of "Wonderwall" or "Champagne Supernova" would be to dream the impossible dream anyway. Predictably, Noel's album contains the stronger melodies and production while Beady Eye rock harder and generally sound like they're having a rollicking good time. If you gave up on the Gallagher brothers after the stunningly boring Be Here Now back in 1997, it might be worth your while to reacquaint yourself.
So sit back, turn on the TV, tune it to one of the 8 channels carrying the Olympics, make yourself some bubble and squeak or toad in the hole, pour yourself a warm glass of Newcastle, and get your Brittania on!
Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds – Dream On
Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds – AKA…What A Life!
Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds – The Death Of You And Me
Beady Eye – The Roller
Beady Eye – Bring The Light
Beady Eye – Millionaire
By the by, if you're already familiar with these albums, you may have noticed that I'm still trapped reviewing albums from 2011. Just a couple more weeks. I promise.
Posted in New Music Recommendations
2 thoughts on "Review: Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds – Noel Gallagher's High Flying Birds & Beady Eye – Different Gear, Still Speeding"
margo roby
Love the name Beady Eye and adore their album cover. Enjoyed, as always, the review. I am learning and enjoying the education.
Jacob Hamblin
I had absolutely NO idea they did anything after What's the Story. The brother drama was crazy stupid.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An ingrown toenail is a toenail that has grown into the skin instead of over it. This usually happens to the big toe, but it can also happen to other toes. An ingrown toenail can get infected. It may be painful, red, and swollen, and it may drain pus. See a picture of an ingrown toenail.
Anyone can get an ingrown toenail, but adults get them more than children do. People who have curved or thick nails are more likely to get an ingrown toenail. This is more common in older adults.
An ingrown toenail can have a number of different causes. Cutting your toenail too short or rounding the edge of the nail can cause it to grow into the skin. Wearing shoes or socks that don't fit well can also cause an ingrown toenail. If your shoes are too tight, they might press the nail into the toe and cause it to grow into the skin.
You can get an ingrown toenail if you hurt your toe, such as stubbing it. This can cause the nail to grow inward. Repeating an activity that injuries the nail, such as kicking a soccer ball, can also cause an ingrown nail.
The main symptom of an ingrown toenail is the pain from the nail growing into the skin instead of over it. If the ingrown toenail gets infected, it might be swollen or red, and it might drain pus. The area around the ingrown toenail is often painful.
Your doctor will do a physical exam to diagnose an ingrown toenail. He or she will look at your toe where the nail has grown into the skin.
Soak your sore toe in warm water for 15 minutes 2 to 3 times each day.
Wedge a small piece of wet cotton, such as part of a cotton ball, under the corner of your ingrown nail. This will help lift the nail off of the skin.
Soak your toe and change the piece of cotton each day until the nail grows out and can be trimmed.
Do not use a sharp object like manicure scissors to dig under your nail, because the toe might get infected.
Do not try to use a needle to drain the pus from your toe. This could make the infection worse.
While your ingrown toenail is healing, wear comfortable shoes or sandals that do not press on your toe.
Use these home treatment steps for 3 days. If they do not help, you might need to see your doctor. Be sure to see a doctor if your toe gets infected. Your toe might be infected if it hurts more than it did before you tried the home treatment. Call your doctor if your toe is red, warm, swollen, or drains pus, or if there are red streaks leading from your toe.
Your doctor might give you antibiotics. If your toenail is very ingrown, your doctor might suggest minor surgery to remove all or part of the ingrown nail. He or she may refer you to a podiatrist.
During this surgery, the doctor will numb your toe. Then he or she will cut the edge of the ingrown toenail and pull out the piece of nail. To prevent the nail from growing into the skin again, your doctor might destroy all or part of the nail root. This is called ablation. If your doctor removes all or part of your nail but does not destroy the root, it will begin to grow back within a few months.
Soak your toe in warm water for 15 minutes 2 to 3 times each day.
Apply a thin layer of petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, 2 times each day on the toe where the nail was removed.
Wear a bandage on your toe.
Wear loose-fitting shoes that don't press on the toe where the nail was removed.
Take pain medicine if your toe hurts. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including aspirin (such as Bayer), ibuprofen (such as Advil), or naproxen (such as Aleve), might help your toe feel better. Be safe with medicines. Read and follow all instructions on the label.
You may be able to prevent ingrown toenails by wearing roomy and comfortable shoes and socks that do not press on your toes. If you work in a place where your toe might get hurt, wear sturdy shoes such as steel-toed boots to protect your toes.
Be sure to trim your toenails properly. You can do this by cutting your toenail straight across, not curved. Make sure you do not cut your toenail too short. You can also leave your toenail a little longer at the corners to help it grow over the skin.
If you have diabetes or peripheral arterial disease, talk with your doctor before you trim your own toenails. People with diabetes have a hard time feeling their toes and might cut themselves without realizing it. Peripheral arterial disease can cause toes to be very painful.
Many hospitals and health care centers have foot care clinics, where someone can help you trim your toenails. Ask your doctor to recommend a foot care clinic near your home.
Frey C (2005). Ingrown toenail section of Foot and ankle. In LY Griffin, ed., Essentials of Musculoskeletal Care, 3rd ed., pp. 651–654. Rosemont, IL: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.
Melio FR (2004). Onychocryptosis (ingrown toenail) section of Soft tissue problems of the foot. In JE Tintinalli et al., eds., Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, 6th ed., p. 1802. New York: McGraw-Hill.


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Now, they are absolutely everywhere, spawning a new generation of people who can't even fathom what life was like before the Internet. Open up any magazine, and you'll be hard pressed to find an advertisement that does not include a website address. Purchase any product and somewhere next to the ingredients is a URL. The Internet has become a hub of activity, commerce and community. Most importantly, especially to the author seeking to connect with their public, the consumer expects to find information to help with their buying decisions.
Hopefully, I do not need to sell you on the importance of having a presence online. If I do, this article is not for you. But, if you are an author thinking about a website and have no clue where to start or even if you have an established website and want to build traffic and awareness, I strongly suggest you keep reading.
Below, I have listed ten ways for authors to market themselves online. These are easy to implement and most importantly, cost little to nothing to execute. They are ideas that will help you establish an essential presence in the online world that is so much more than just a website. Anyone can put up a page of information about themselves. Your job, should you choose to accept it, is to make it enjoyable and worthwhile for your visitors. Hopefully, this article will be worth your time and you can use it as a great way to build your audience.
Whether you have a site or are in need of a site, it's always important to look at what you have before you begin to market yourself. Your web site should look contemporary, up-to-date and easy to navigate. It should present your work in a way that is both entertaining, yet professional. You worked hard to get where you are today. You did not settle for second best in your publications. Why settle for a sub-par website?
It can be a little frightening to start at ground level, especially if you don't have a clue about the Internet. That is why it is extremely important to spend time selecting the right company for the job. If you already have a web designer, go to them with the ideas in this article and if they cannot help you accomplish them, find someone who can. If you need a web designer, I recommend using 7elements website design services. Unless you are managing your own site, you are only as good as the person pushing the buttons for you. Make sure your site is ready for the flood of traffic that will come when you begin to focus on marketing it to the masses.
Many authors make the mistake of branding their sites with their latest title or bestseller. This backs the author into a corner if they ever venture outside of the topic. Your best brand to build is your name, not your current theme, and your website URL should reflect this. This will give you the freedom to promote your latest titles and update the theme of the site with each release. It will also make it easier for people to find you through search engines, especially if you have multiple titles.
As soon as you have an established site, make sure your publisher and publicists know that it is something you are serious about. Your URL should be in all future editions of your books along with links from the publisher's site. They should also be including your URL in any magazine ads, press releases, postcards, etc.
Another way to help people find your website is to add a signature line to your email with your full website address (http://www.yourname.com). It's a terrific marketing technique! One quick click and people have access to your site.
Your web developer should be submitting your sites to search engines along with configuring your pages with keywords and descriptions so that your site is search friendly. They should be providing this service as part of the initial design process.
Building community into your site is an easy way to connect you to your readers, and more importantly, to connect your readers to each other.
A great way to do this is to provide a message board. This is a place where visitors register to participate in ongoing conversations that they either start themselves, or jump into. When building your message board, first focus on the topics you write about and then provide areas for members to broaden their discussions. You are creating a gathering place for people to meet and talk who have a similar interest…your work! Once your community is established, spend some time each week and interact with your readers!
While there are hundreds of programs and various companies providing message boards, I have found PhpBB to be the best provider of software in this area.
Other ways to build community is by providing ways for readers to become a part of what you do. Depending on your genre, this can be accomplished by asking visitors to your site to fill out surveys about the topics you write about. You can also provide a Q&A section where readers can submit questions to you via email and you can post them along with your answers. Invite readers to submit reviews of your works and post them on the site.
Without a sense of community or some level of interaction, the reader will come to your site and leave without a compelling reason to return.
The biggest kept secret that many authors have yet to grasp is that email marketing works. There's no denying it. Its key advantage over other Internet marketing methods is that it enables you to contact your readers immediately instead of forcing them to contact you. This ability is especially useful when something that your readers need to know as soon as possible has happened. Whether you've just released a new title or simple would like to stay in touch with your readers, the fastest (and cheapest) way to spread the word is via email.
There are many ways to collect addresses. Obviously, having the ability for the reader to subscribe directly from your site is key. Another easy way to collect addresses is to hold contests. Give readers the ability to win a signed copy of one of your books, or partner with your publisher to give away something of high value like an eBook viewer. When visitors enter the contests on your site, you can capture their email address and automatically subscribe them to your newsletter. Just be sure to be upfront about your intentions by telling them that when they enter, they will subscribe. You can also give them the option to get more information from you.
Promote your online newsletter wherever possible. You should have a short sentence in your email signature that says "Get the latest updates direct from my site! Sign up for my newsletter here!" This will give everyone you come in contact with an opportunity to join without forcing the issue on them. Also, have a sign-up sheet if you do any speaking engagements, that way you can stay in touch with those who come to hear you speak.
Once you have an established list, make sure to use it. There should be no reason not to send out a quick monthly update. Even if you don't have anything to say, there is always information you can dig up that your readers would love. Press releases, reviews of your latest work, sneak-peaks on future releases, sample chapters and site updates make great content for email newsletters. Don't let them forget about you! Stay in touch with your readers as much as possible.
Whatever you do, make sure you are following good email etiquette. Never add addresses to your list unless they have specifically asked to be included and make it easy for people to unsubscribe.
A link is simply a connecting point from one site to another. Clicking on a link will take you to another site. Networking is the cornerstone of any successful business or author. You are in the business of selling books, and without connecting with established readers that are already online, you are missing huge opportunities.
But where do you begin? There are billions of websites online. The task does initially seem daunting, but the solution is simple. First, you have to figure out who your public is. Then, surf the net to find websites that reach your public. Find sites that cater to your target audience. Offer a place on your site to link to resources and offer to trade links with these sites. Google.com is a great search engine to use when doing this type of research. Your web designer should be able to help you identify key sites to be a part of.
More than likely, you have met a few authors along the way. Offer to trade links with them and present these authors on your site as ones you endorse to your readers.
Again, your publisher should be using every opportunity to help promote your site via advertisements, postcards, press releases, etc.
The fact is, the more sites that link to your site, the better chances you have of showing up higher in search engine results.
For the majority of your readers, your website will be the only place that they can follow your actions and learn more about you including future releases. Without varied content, it's very easy to loose interest and frustrate your readers. View your site as a way to get the person who has read and enjoyed your site more engaged with what you do. How will you make sure they will purchase your future works? You must present more information than what they have already read and enjoyed.
Online journals are a great way to connect to an audience. A short 3-4 paragraph update a month will do wonders in keeping your site active and looking fresh. Also look at adding an extended biography while listing your favorite books, movies and music. Ask your publisher for permission to post sample chapters from your works and republish articles that focus on your latest interest.
This additional content will help add some depth and personality to your site. Best of all, it will help establish your site as a destination point to get information about you. People will return again and again.
If you have yet to make a connection to an online retailer, I strongly suggest you find one that is willing to partner with you. While it may not be your job specifically, speak with your publicist about running a few promotions with retailers. Your two goals should be to drive awareness of your products, and your site.
There are many ways to partner with online retailers, but you need to make sure you remain open to suggestions. Be willing to write original content or even share what you already have. Offer contests that the retailer can run on their site or even offer to provide signed copies of your book for giveaway.
Whether you are a new author or an established author, online retailers will be looking for traffic in return, so offer them a prominent link on your home page pushing people to your site. In return, ask for a link to your site. You should be able to put together three to four 3-month promotions every year with various online retailers.
First of all, if you are not giving guests that come to your site an opportunity to purchase your own product, you are missing sales left and right. Secondly, if you are not making any money by pushing your guests to make their purchases at a specific online retailer, you are letting go of dollars that could be in your pocket.
It's safe to say that everyone who visits your site either has read one or more of your books or is thinking about doing so in the near future. You need to be giving everyone an opportunity to purchase your products. It's too expensive and time-intensive to set up your own store, so therefore, it makes sense to link to a well respected, established online retailer. Set up a buy link prominently on your home page. If you would like, link to multiple retailers or link to one exclusively for a short period of time and go for partnerships like I explained in tip #8.
When you choose an online retailer to link to, make sure they have what is commonly referred to as an "affiliate program." The concept of an affiliate program is simple. The online retailer will supply you with a traceable link and you will get a percentage of any sales made by guests who visit your site, click on one of these links and make any purchase. You will get a commission from whatever they buy, even if it's not your book! This is pure money in your pocket, simply by selling your own products! The percentage of sale varies from site to site, but find a program that best fits your needs, will give comfort to your target audience and if possible, work with a retailer that will help you expand your site.
I can't stress the importance of maintaining your website enough. It is vital to your relevance online. I would almost suggest that it would be a complete waste of your money if you are thinking about a website and planning to forget about it until your next project comes out. At the same time, a static site (meaning one that does not change) does have some value, but only to first time visitors. After that, you will lose touch with people as soon as they close your site.
The power of the Internet is amazing. The ability to interact with your readers on a monthly, weekly, daily basis is at your fingertips. To not utilize its full potential would be the same as not realizing your own potential.
I hope these ideas have sparked some excitement and curiosity to get moving on marketing yourself online. It is extremely elating to be able to call a website your own. If you have any questions about the information about, please do not hesitate to ask.
Kevin McNeese owns and operates KMWeb Designs. He has worked in professional web design and online marketing since 1999 and currently manages sites for various authors, artists and small businesses. If you have questions about anything covered in this article, please contact KMWeb Designs.


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OverviewActive safety: New assistance for driversDesign: Design icon 2.0European market launch in January 2011 - The new CLS: refined sportinessPassive safety: Nine airbags as standardThe bodywork: A first: frameless, all-aluminium doorsThe drive system: Four new engines giving the ultimate in driving pleasureThe interior: Luxurious surrounds with many exclusive touchesThe Mercedes-Benz management team on the CLS:The model range: Every CLS is a one-offThe positioning: Ground-breaking products from the inventor of the four-doorThe suspension: Excellent dynamics without compromising on comfortUnder the microscope: aerodynamics, wind noise, protection from soiling: Less drag and substantially quieterUnder the microscope: BlueDIRECT - 3rd generation spray-guided direct injection: Two new operating modes for extended lean-Under the microscope: ECO start/stop: Sophisticated technology gives the highest levels of efficiencyUnder the microscope: Mercedes-Benz steering characteristics: Mercedes-Benz – a very special feelingUnder the microscope: new assist systems for active safety: Protection against the blind spot, help when changing lanes
European market launch in January 2011 - The new CLS: refined sportiness
More design: a new design language for the second generation
More efficiency: up to 25 percent lower fuel consumption
More agility: lightweight construction and new electromechanical power steering
More visibility: LED High Performance headlamps
More safety: Active Blind Spot Assist and Active Lane Keeping Assist
A generation ahead: with the CLS, Mercedes-Benz created a new vehicle category in 2003 which for the first time combined the elegance and dynamism of a coupé with the comfort and functionality of a saloon. The customers were delighted, the competition taken aback: for many years the CLS remained the only four-door coupé in its class and since October 2004 it has been the car of choice for some 170,000 buyers around the globe. "Customers all over the world have rewarded us for our courage in launching a completely new vehicle concept onto the market," explains a delighted Dr Joachim Schmidt, Head of Sales & Marketing for Mercedes-Benz. "And with its exciting design and refined sportiness, the new edition of the CLS also benefits from the fact that we are a whole generation ahead of the competition with our four-door Coupé."
The engines: higher output, yet up to 25 percent lower fuel consumption
Efficiency at the highest level: that is what characterises all four engines deployed in the Mercedes-Benz CLS. The output and torque of each engine is greater than in its predecessor; at the same time, fuel consumption has been drastically reduced, by up to 25 percent. Two 6-cylinder models will be available at first at the European market launch in January 2011: the CLS 350 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY with 195 kW (265 hp) and the CLS 350 BlueEFFICIENCY with 225 kW (306 hp) and the ECO start/stop function as standard. Just two months later, the engine range will be expanded to include the CLS 250 CDI BlueEFFICIENCY with 150 kW (204 hp). In the ECE fuel consumption test cycle it requires a mere 5.1 litres of diesel/100 km. The CLS 500 BlueEFFICIENCY, with a V8 engine and 300 kW (408 hp), will follow in April. Both drive variants also have the ECO start/stop function as standard.
Lightweight construction and aerodynamics: important contributions to
Intelligent lightweight construction plays a decisive role in bridging the classic conflict of objectives between low weight and high strength in the new CLS. The CLS is thus the first vehicle from Mercedes-Benz to have frameless, all-aluminium doors. These are made from deep-drawn aluminium panels with extruded sections, and in comparison with conventional steel doors, are some 24 kilograms lighter. Apart from the doors, the bonnet, front wings, boot lid, parcel shelf, various support profiles and substantial parts of the suspension and engines are all made of aluminium.
Aerodynamics play an important part in the outstanding efficiency of the Mercedes-Benz CLS. Although the new model is wider than its predecessor and thus presents more frontal area to the wind, it was possible to reduce wind resistance by up to ten percent. This is thanks to the Cd value of 0.26, which has been improved by 13 percent.
Electromechanical power steering: a new steering experience
Marrying the ultimate in driving dynamics to the very best in long-distance ride comfort, was the challenge set for the designers and developers of the suspension system for the new Coupé, which aspires to be the epitome of stylish sportiness in both form and function. To achieve this, the suspension system, which had already attracted the highest praise from both the trade press and the public when introduced with the new E-Class, was completely re-tuned and enhanced with a key new component: the electromechanical power steering system makes its world debut in the new CLS. This pioneering innovation makes a new and radical contribution to the relationship between driver, car and road: engineers have, for the first time, been given the freedom to select and to program many of the parameters which influence the steering feel.
In addition, the steering system makes an important contribution to the CLS' overall efficiency: as the steering support system only uses energy when the vehicle is actually being steered, fuel consumption is cut by up to 0.3 litres/7 g of CO2 compared to the previous model.
For the front suspension, the concept of a three-link front axle design was chosen - just as for the E-Class - and was especially developed for the new CLS. The principle of a lightweight-construction multi-link rear suspension which is attached to a subframe, as used in the new E-Class, was adopted for the CLS as a result of its unsurpassed wheel location qualities. In comparison to its predecessor, all the components have been modified to give both greater comfort and better driving dynamics.
LED High Performance headlamps: greater visibility and full functionality
The CLS is the first passenger car in the world to offer LED High Performance headlamps, which combine the exciting colour elements of LED technology - similar to those of daytime running lamps - with the performance, functionality and energy efficiency of today's bi-xenon generation (as an optional extra). This new light system provides, for the first time ever, the Intelligent Light System already proven in Mercedes models fitted with bi-xenon headlamps in combination with LED technology. The headlamps, with their 71 LED lamps in total, look exciting; and they serve to underline the unmistakable appearance of the CLS. The light specialists from Mercedes-Benz have for the first time been able to use LED technology in the admired and innovative Adaptive Highbeam Assist, resulting in an entirely new level of safety for night-time driving.
In contrast to the first vehicles equipped with LED headlamps, no compromises are now necessary with respect to the functionality and performance of the lighting technology. There are further arguments for the LED-based lighting technology: the average operating life of an LED is around 10,000 hours, around five times longer than that of a xenon light; moreover, LED headlamps most closely approximate to the colour of daylight. This means that LED light is in keeping with the normal human perception patterns and that the driver experiences significantly more brightness on the road at night. Studies have shown that the closer the colour of artificial light comes to daylight, the less the strain on the eyes. With a colour temperature of 5500 kelvin, LED light is closer to daylight (6500 K) than xenon light (4200 K).
New driving assistance systems: greater safety
More than a dozen driving assistance systems on the new CLS help to prevent traffic accidents and reduce the severity of an accident. The Active Blind Spot Assist and the Active Lane Keeping Assist are new.
Active Blind Spot Assist warns the driver if - with the assistance of short-range radar sensors - it detects that there is a danger of collision if the vehicle is about to change lanes. Should the driver ignore the warnings and the vehicle come dangerously close to the next lane, Active Blind Spot Assist will intervene. By applying braking force to the wheels on the opposite side of the vehicle via the Electronic Stability Program ESP®, a yaw movement is created which counteracts the collision course.
Active Lane Keeping Assist is now also linked to ESP® for the first time. This system kicks into action if the Mercedes vehicle inadvertently drifts over a solid line to the right or left of a lane. In this case, Active Lane Keeping Assist uses the ESP® to gently brake the wheels on the far side and thereby bring the vehicle back on course. A display on the instrument cluster warns the driver at the same time. If broken lane markings are crossed, the system controls an electric pulse generator in the steering wheel which generates vibrations for a short time – a discreet but highly effective cue to countersteer immediately. Before the braking system intervenes, the steering wheel always vibrates to provide a warning.
The exterior: classic Coupé styling with distinctive front
The new CLS continues with the pioneering role of its predecessor and at the same time shows itself to be a brand-new star on the scene. What immediately strikes the eye is the innovative front design, which is reminiscent of the Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG. Visually, the radiator grille is not integrated into the bonnet but is formed separately. This highlights the long, sporty bonnet even further. The grille is dominated by the large central star, which underlines the car's relationship to the other coupés of the brand and strengthens the brand identity.
The typical CLS outline, with its elegantly long proportions, is the dominating attribute of the new model. The effect of the dynamic, athletic form has been enhanced with a new interplay of lines and areas. The front edge of the structure above the wings slopes off towards the rear. This novel design feature, called the dropping line by designers, represents a new interpretation of a formal design element harking back to the uniquely rich wealth of forms present in historic Mercedes sports cars.
A distinctive and muscular sports car-like shoulder line above the rear axle highlights the athletic character of the new CLS. The flared wheel arches resemble the powerful thighs of a feline predator waiting to pounce.
The interior: design brings quality to life
The interior of the CLS is also distinguished by a timeless design which combines straightforward elegance with innovative details and handcrafted perfection. An eye-catching feature is the wrap-around effect of the cockpit: a high line sweeps from the driver's door over the instrument panel support and across to the front passenger door. The central display has also been integrated harmoniously into the upper part of the instrument panel. At the same time, the downward sweeping side line on the doors continues the dynamic dropping line of the exterior.
As a design trendsetter, the CLS sets new standards in interiors with its wide variety of individualisation options. Five interior colours, five trim designs and also three qualities of leather are available to choose from.
The CLS lives up to its role as a design icon through the innovative material finishes used. An example of this is the exciting interplay of satin-finish and shiny metallic surfaces. The CLS also exudes refined sportiness with its lavish and high-class trim elements which can be found on the instrument panel support, the centre console and parts of the door trim. The customers can choose between three exclusive wood types: high-gloss brown burr walnut, high-gloss black ash and satin-finish light-brown poplar. The interior is given an even more progressive look with the addition of piano lacquer or AMG carbon fibre trim elements.
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NEW ORLEANS, LA—Synthesis and characterization of two of novel aspirin pro-drugs—or "superaspirins"—suggest not only can efficacy and safety of conventional aspirin be improved, but therapy failure with aspirin due to gastrointestinal (GI) side effects may be reduced. This raises the possibility of new applications of aspirin beyond secondary prevention of CV disease.
While treatment with conventional aspirin can significantly reduce incidence of CV events, MI, or stroke in patients with previous CV events, treatment failure is common, noted Mark T. Ledwidge, MD and colleagues from Trinity College and St. Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Novel pro-drug approaches may solve the dual challenge of efficacy and tolerability.
Using in vitro and in vivo models of platelet aggregation, the investigators evaluated comparative efficacy of three novel aspirin pro-drugs (ST0701, ST0702, ST0703) vs. conventional aspirin at equimolar doses. The comparative topical effects of high doses of the pro-drugs and conventional aspirin were also examined over 3 days in rat and rabbit models of GI injury.
Compared with conventional aspirin, two of the prodrugs were significantly more effective in attenuating platelet aggregation in human platelet rich plasma in response to adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and arachidonic acid, Dr. Ledwidge noted during ACC.11, the American College of Cardiology's 60th Annual Scientific Session. Additionally, ST0702 was more effective (P<0.05) at inhibiting lipoprotein(a) than either niacin or aspirin. It also attenuated low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides. However, unlike niacin, ST0702 did not raise plasma PgD2, the arachidonic acid metabolite that is believed to cause flushing. This may be due to aspirin release from ST0702 or its pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic profile.
In vivo preclinical studies demonstrated that at equimolar doses, one of the agents was more effective than aspirin in inhibiting thromboxane B2 production. At high doses (30mg/kg/day for 3 days), conventional aspirin produced significant ulceration in in-vivo models of GI injury; in contrast, the pro-drugs caused no damage at equimolar doses.


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Masterclass with Professor Jeffrey Olick: On Social Memory
Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne
Masterclass with Professor Jeffrey Olick, Professor of Sociology and History at the University of Virginia
On Social Memory
18 & 19 June 2009, Swinburne University (Hawthorn Campus)
Deadline for Applications – 22 May 2009
The diversity of concepts, methods and research questions, which characterises much work on social memory is surely a sign of vitality and dynamism. Yet the 'centerlessness' of the scholarship on memory - the other side of this diversity - can be a powerful inhibitor. In the absence of widely-accepted paradigms and a foundational canon of works, scholars are forced to expend their creative energies on reinventing the wheel - endlessly re-establishing parameters of their examination, arguing self-evident truths and moving within small 'interest groups' in self-imposed isolation.
For the past several years, Professor Jeffrey Olick has argued the importance of the constitution of 'social memory studies' as a field – requiring a whole range of divergent mnemonic practices, cultures and products to be systematically and deliberately related to each other. In this masterclass we will use specific examples stemming from participants' research projects as a way of testing the viability and applicability of the argument for the 'fieldness' of social memory research.
The masterclass will commence at 2.30 pm on 18 June following Professor Olick's public lecture entitled 'Making Sense of Historical Analogies: Insights from Memory Studies', Swinburne University, Hawthorn Campus (AGSE 207), 12.30 pm..
The masterclass is for postgraduate students working on projects explicitly engaged with questions of social, collective, or public memory. We will also consider students who are currently writing their fourth-year Honours thesis or have recently completed Honours if we judge their work to be sufficiently developed and relevant to the objectives of the masterclass.
Students, who are interested in taking part in this masterclass, need to apply by 22 May 2009. Applications need to include the following:
• Brief curriculum vitae
• Description of your research project (no more than one page)
• Name and contact details of one academic referee
Completed applications need to be sent (in hard copy, by fax or by email) to:
Institute for Social Research (attn. Dr Maria Tumarkin)
PO Box 218 ▪ Hawthorn VIC 3122 ▪ Australia
fax (+61 3) 9819 5349
▪ email: mtumarkin@swin.edu.au
Enquiries: Dr Maria Tumarkin mtumarkin@swin.edu.au


CULTURES Vol 1, Issue 3 »Page 9 The corruption within the education system in Syria has caused a remarkable disparity in the level of education among individuals. Furthermore, the type of education that less privileged individuals are able to attain is at a much lower level than that attained by individuals ZKRKDYHWKH?QDQFLDOPHDQVRUWKH political connections. The corruption in the public education system is most notably one of the strongest ways the government has waged war RQ6\\ULDQFLWLHQVHIRUHWKHFRQ?LFW began, there were very limited opportunities in science because of the lack of funding. Therefore, many scientists left the country upon UHFHLYLQJWKHLUGHJUHHVWR?QGDQ opportunity to work in a place that was well funded. Technology was also limited and highly controlled because of the Assad regime. For example, I remember that, in 2005, Syrians were only able to use a dial-up Internet connection. Most technology that we use on a daily basis, if available in Syria, is very expensive and reserved for use only E\\WKHXSSHUFODVVZKRFDQD?RUGLW Q: Where are the scientists now? A: In the 1980s, after the Hama 0DVVDFUHWKHUHZDVDPDMRUEUDLQ drain from Syria. People would typically take advantage of the free education in Syria and then leave to ?QGHPSOR\\PHQWXSRQFRPSOHWLQJ their degree. The education system Hospitals are regular targets of Syrian Army air raids, leaving the Syrian healthcare system short of doctors and supplies. Pictured is a hospital in Kafranbel before being hit by a Syrian plane.