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#YouthJusticeReimagined
Sacramento Youth Facility Moves Toward a Culture of Healing Instead of Punishment
by WLA Guest
Written by WLA Guest
As many readers are aware, the Department of Juvenile Justice, or DJJ, the state's youth prison system, will stop taking youth from California's counties in July of this year. This means that the kids who, in the past, would have been sent to chronically troubled DJJ, will instead stay closer to home.
In anticipation of that change, youth advocates have their eyes on the state's various counties to see if the counties will use this upcoming "realignment" as an opportunity make sure that their approach to the youth in their care now, and soon to be in their care, is one of healing and kindness rather than punishment. It is also hoped that those same counties will develop strategies to divert as many kids as is possible out of the justice system altogether.
Sacramento is one of the counties that has been working to fundamentally shift their approach to the youth in their care after years of scandal, and a culture that looked the other way when lawsuit-producing force was used against the county's young charges.
The story below, by Laurie Udesky, staff reporter at the PACEs Connection, allows us a view into some of the changes Sacramento County has been making under the leadership of probation chief Lee Seale, and how those changes are designed to address the childhood trauma that is already affecting the youth who come in contact with the state and county justice systems.
Training for a Culture of Kindness
by Laurie Udesky
When a young person enters the de-escalation room in the Sacramento County Youth Detention Facility, they'll find dimmed lights, bottles of lavender, orange and other essential oils, an audio menu featuring the rush of ocean waves and other calming sounds, along with squeeze balls, TheraPutty, jigsaw puzzles, and an exercise ball to bounce on.
Sometimes, with a teen's permission, "We'll put a weighted blanket on them, just to give them that hug that feels good, since we can't give them [real] hugs in our facility," says Valerie Clark, the probation officer who oversees the room.
Giving hugs violates the protocol requiring that staff maintain healthy boundaries with their young charges. But "especially if someone is highly upset and just really crying," Clark explains, the blanket can be a comforting substitute.
Since it first opened to youth in November 2016, the de-escalation room has been a refuge for kids feeling overwhelming anger, grief, sadness, and anxiety, who are either referred by staff or can request a visit. They stay in it anywhere from 30 minutes up to two hours.
The room is one example of how the Sacramento County Probation Department is working to shift its culture to be responsive to adolescent trauma.
In 2016, the department sponsored a countywide summit on trauma and the adolescent brain. This February and March, 330 employees from the Youth Detention Facility, and 155 from Juvenile Field, Placement and Court divisions, were trained in the roots of trauma and how to respond to it. And five members of the probation leadership were certified as trainers in trauma-informed practices. The training includes learning about how trauma in childhood — known as Adverse Childhood Experiences, or ACEs — can trigger the brain into fight, flight and freeze; can cause depression and lead to disruptive behaviors, and how those who work in the facility can build strength and resilience in the youth they serve.
"Emotional scale," in theMulti-Sensory-De-escalation Room. All photos of the MSDR courtesy of Valerie Clark
Prior to having the de-escalation room, says Clark, youth would be sent to their individual rooms when they were disruptive or upset. "This way they have the opportunity to regain control of their emotions and behavior so they can go back to their programs instead of [having to stay] in their room alone with their thoughts," she explains.
An impetus for the room, known as the Multi-Sensory De-escalation Room (or MSDR), was SB 1143, legislation that was signed into law in California in 2016, says Shaunda Cruz, the deputy chief of field services at the Sacramento County Probation Department and one of the department's trauma-informed champions.
"The legislation recognizes the impact that trauma, and obviously the impact of coming into a facility, has on young people," says Cruz. The law, which was sponsored by former California State Senator Mark Leno, limits the use of solitary confinement for minors in detention facilities to four hours, and allows it only when juveniles' behavior is considered a safety threat and less restrictive options have been exhausted.
Around the same time that the legislation was being developed, members of the county's probation department and juvenile court staff were working on a "capstone project" through a justice reform collaborative out of Georgetown University's Center for Juvenile Justice Reform, in which the Sacramento team was to lay out a "transformational plan" for their jurisdiction.
That's where the idea for an MSDR emerged, says Ruby Jones, assistant chief deputy of the Sacramento County Youth Detention Facility.
Since the MSDR opened more than four years ago, each youth resident who spends time in there is asked to pick a number that indicates their current state on an emotional scale that's painted on the wall: 1 to 4 means doing well; 5 to 7 indicates feeling stressed; and 8 to 10 shows that a young person is really upset and ready to explode.
TheraPutty, squeeze balls and more
After a respite within in the room, the kids' scores on the emotional scale have dropped an average of 4.5 points by the time they leave, with most reporting that they feel like they've returned to a calmer state. (Youth also go there to work with Clark on strategies to stay calm in preparation for a high-stress event, such as an impending court date.)
Besides gauging their emotional state, Clark asks the youth open-ended questions to ascertain their strengths, triggers, coping skills, and who on the staff they feel a rapport with.
"And I'm also asking them how about outside the facility? Do you have at least one positive support person?" she says.
No place for kids
The department believes that the de-escalation room is among the first of its kind in a youth detention facility.
Multiple studies have documented that youth in the justice system, who are disproportionately kids of color, have experienced a more than average number of ACEs.
According to a report in the Justice Policy Journal, between 73 and 95 percent of justice-involved youth have experienced multiple types of violence and traumatic events before they ever have contact with the justice system.
The Annie E. Casey Foundation, which has been a leading advocate for a healing approach to juvenile justice, points out that, "study after study has shown that these prison-like settings are no place for kids."
The foundation has explored a number of approaches to the problem, including healing retreats to examine the wounds that have led to incarceration; restorative justice, in which offenders and victims meet in an effort for youth to take responsibility for their actions and practice empathy and compassion; and home placement with caring adults in lieu of confinement. Its data show a drop in juvenile confinement across races in sites participating in the program. For African American youth, juvenile confinement shrunk between 25 and 65 percent, while national rates fell by only 8 percent over the same period.
On a national level, juvenile violent crime has declined remarkably since 1993. The rate of youth held in detention facilities or camps in Sacramento County has dropped by more than half, from 187 per 100,000 in 2009 to 85 per 100,000 in 2016, according to the most recent data on county facilities by population from the Center for Juvenile and Criminal Justice.
The majority of the young people who end up staying in Sacramento's youth detention facility have been charged with serious offenses, says Maria Gonzalez, the chief deputy of the Sacramento County juvenile facility. In general, youth arrested for low-level crimes such as violating probation, and a first-time non-violent offense are typically cited and sent home, while others stay for just a few days before their hearings, according to Gonzalez.
The average stay is 30 days, says Gonzalez, but the figure is misleading because some of the residents who may be there for a couple of years awaiting trial.
A decade ago the number of youth in detention in Sacramento County was much higher, around 400 at any given time. "In the last year or two our average has been pretty consistent at around 100 residents," says Jones. Now, Gonzalez says there are 97 boys and nine girls.
Going to "the cove"
Sixteen-year-old James was one of the youth who used the MSDR, which the youth call "the cove." He was referred by staff members on his unit,"because I was going through a lot," he says. "I was getting into a lot of arguments with staff and causing problems in the unit. And I was having breakdowns because I couldn't have any visits from my family on account of the Corona [virus]."
When he was released last October, he was referred by probation to the Self Awareness & Recovery (SAR) program, which supports youth and adults involved in the justice system by providing mentors and workshops on trauma and healing, according to SAR Director Daniel Antonio Silva.
(To protect their privacy, we're not using the real names of teens interviewed for this story.)
Like many of the youth who end up in detention, James, who is Latino, had experienced a host of ACEs that started when he was an infant. "My real mom left me, and my dad, he went to prison" he says. From the time he was a year old, he lived with his grandparents.
Due to systemic racism, a Latino child is twice as likely as a white child to have a parent who is incarcerated, and a Black child is five times more likely than a white child to have a parent incarcerated, according to a report by the Stanford Center on Poverty and Inequality.
James listed other traumas that had shadowed his life. His early teens marked the first time—but not the last—that someone shot at him on the street. He also struggled with drug use, to which he turned to cope with pain of his past.
When he went to the cove, James recalls that he chose to sink into the depths of a bean bag chair and that he asked for jazz music to calm his frayed nerves. He also recalled the dim lights and the conversation with the woman officer who was in the room with him.
"We talked about the problems I had going on in the unit and how to work them out, and what I can do so that I don't come back to juvenile hall," he says. The officer counseled him to seek out new friends who were less likely to get into trouble, encouraged him to stay in school, and asked him questions to identify tools he could use to calm himself if he were triggered again after he left the room.
"I told her that praying made me feel better, so she told me to pray. That really stood out to me," the teen says.
ACEs and healing
The experiences of James are right out of the landmark Centers for Disease Control/ Kaiser Permanente Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, which identified 10 types of childhood adversity — such as experiencing parental divorce or separation or having a parent who was incarcerated — with risks of substance use and other coping behaviors.
The study, which looked at 17,000 adults, found that ACEs are remarkably common — most people have at least one. People who have four or more different types of ACEs — about 12 percent of the population — have a 460 percent higher risk of depression and a 700 percent higher risk of becoming an alcoholic, compared with people who have no ACEs.
(The epidemiology of childhood adversity is one of five parts of the new science of PACEs (positive and adverse childhood experiences), which also includes how toxic stress from ACEs affects children's brains, the short- and long-term health effects of toxic stress, how toxic stress is passed on from generation to generation, and research on resilience, which includes how individuals, organizations, systems and communities can integrate PACEs science to solve our most intractable problems.)
The Sacramento County Youth Detention Center is teaching staff how to recognize and ease the ACEs their young charges have experienced. Since 2017, every young person who has been arrested and brought to the facility is screened with the Child and Adolescent Trauma Scale for a number of childhood adversities, including physical and sexual abuse and exposure to community violence.
Dr. Brandi Liles of the CAARE Center
The screening tool is used to help staff identify the additional support a young person needs, and the scores are shared with the juvenile courts. If the scores and staff interviews with new arrivals reveal a high level of ACEs from violence, they're assigned to one of two trauma units that house anywhere from 8 up to 19 of these youth and offered a 10-week, in-depth trauma-oriented curriculum.
The course was developed and implemented in 2012 by Dr. Brandi Liles, a licensed psychologist at the UC Davis Children's Hospital CAARE Center, and co-associate director Dr. Dawn Blacker. It covers what trauma is, including ACEs, common reactions to experiencing ACES, how to identify and cope with strong emotions, and how to identify and build healthy, positive relationships.
Considering that the course is designed for teenagers, Liles and Blacker had a hunch that the youth would be more inclined to pay close attention if they sweetened the deal—literally. They gave each of the kids a piece of candy and asked them to focus on it for the first mindfulness exercise.
"And they really focused on being in the present moment," says Liles. "We started with that one, because we figured we'd get pretty good buy-in. We also have some grounding mindfulness techniques, including breathing exercises and noticing and paying attention to things in the room. That's really helpful for kids who dissociate or get dysregulated."
Over time, kids who began as very quiet and distrustful of the process "are really opening up," says Liles.
"They're also starting to support each other," she says, "which has been very powerful. We began with just giving positive feedback, and then [we noticed that] all of the youth were giving positive feedback to each other. Things like, 'Thank you for sharing'.'" Liles also gives them support for taking responsibility for outbursts: "Like, hey, when you got mad and stormed out, you know, you were able to come back."
Nathaniel, who has been and in and out of detention since he was around 13, is one of the teens who went through the trauma curriculum. Before he took the course, he remembered worrying that his experience in the youth detention facility would be like those described by incarcerated men in the prison documentary Scared Straight: punitive, humiliating, and horrifying.
Instead, he said the class was actually helpful. It took him a while to zero in on his trauma triggers and their roots, but he eventually figured them out.
"One was loud noises from the violence I was witnessing in my neighborhood, and another is the sound of people arguing," he says. "That was mainly from my mom and her boyfriend. I'd seen them get into a lot of fights when I was younger." Now when he finds himself getting mad, he'll touch a piece of fabric, like his jeans, or some surface to ground himself, as the trauma training has taught him. "I'll notice if it's rough or smooth or hot or cold. It kind of brings you into the present moment."
The curriculum has also made a noticeable difference in how Nathaniel interacts in the world. "I used to think that when I do something to somebody, it only affects the victim," he says. "But it actually affects a lot of people in the community as well. So now I think about how my actions affect everybody else."
James has been out of detention since last October. He's been living with his father, who's now out of prison, and his stepmother, who he says has always been like a real mom to him, for which he is extremely grateful.
"She's thrown birthday parties for me," he says, "came to my graduation, and has my friends over all the time. She's gone above and beyond what a mother would do."
Meanwhile, he and his father are rebuilding their relationship day by day, a process that includes playing basketball and going to church together. Additional counseling that the probation department helped set up has also helped him deal with the jagged edges of his past, he says. The present no longer seems bleak, and he hopes to work together soon with his father in construction.
"All I want to do now is spend time with my family," he says.
This story by Laurie Udesky appeared in an earlier version in Aces Too High News, which reports on research about positive and adverse childhood experiences, including developments in epidemiology, neurobiology, and the biomedical and epigenetic consequences of toxic stress.
Aces Too High, which was founded by Jane Stevens, also covers how people, organizations, agencies and communities are implementing practices and policies based on the research.
Photo at top shows a corner of the Multi-Sensory-De-escalation Room. All photos of the MSDR courtesy of Valerie Clark
How many of the girls & young women in LA county probation's youth lock-ups really need to be there?
LA County Office of Education votes to yank the charter of much-needed new boarding school for county's most vulnerable kids
Closing CA's youth prisons the right way means adequately funding oversight of youth justice "realignment" to the counties
Op-Ed: A Case for Better Funding of California's Community Alternatives to Juvenile Detention and Probation
System-Impacted Youth Leaders Push for LA County to Fund "Youth Justice Reimagined"
Op-Ed: Finally, an Opportunity to Humanize, Not Criminalize, LA's Students


Nathan is right. Helen Hoover Santmyer's huge novel "...AND THE LADIES OF THE CLUB" was published when she was 87 and sold over 2 million copies in paperback alone. There is no real flavor of the moment, since each moment has many flavors, which will change before any novel begun now is published. But a good novel will always taste good.


Before the internet technology revolution, it was very tough to get AIIMS entrance exam coaching outside India. Even if the NRI students wished to get a higher medical education in India, they did not have access to top quality coaching that is needed to get a good rank in entrance exams. And, these entrance exams are the only gateway for getting admission in Top Medical Institutes like AIIMS. But with the advent of technology, it has become easier to get coaching from top medical experts around the world. eMedicalPrep, using the best available technology, conducts live online classes for students in Mahboula so that they can prepare in a best possible way for AIIMS entrance exam.
The curriculum of eMedicalPrep for AIIMS entrance exam is well- structured and is designed by a panel of experts. We give importance to conceptual teaching and encourage the students to study in the same manner. All our tutors have a minimum of five years of experience in teaching AIIMS entrance exam aspirants. They work hard along with the students and support them during the entire duration of the course. AIIMS coaching in Mahboula helps students achieve their dream of getting into AIIMS and becoming successful doctors.
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The District Court of South Australia has held that a person can be held liable for the defamatory comments made by other social media users following that person's original social media post.
In the case of Johnston v Aldridge  SADC 68, the Court awarded the Plaintiff damages of $100,000 (inclusive of aggravated damages), after the Plaintiff successfully argued that not only was the Defendant's initial Facebook post concerning the Plaintiff defamatory, but so too were some of the approximately 4,500 comments that followed the Defendant's post.
The Court held although these comments were not authored by the Defendant they were attributable to the Defendant as a 'secondary' publisher of the material.
By publishing the initial post on Facebook, the Court found the Defendant has "participated" in the publication of the further comments, as he had generated an opportunity for such comments to be made. The Defendant had assumed responsibility to both monitor the content of the comments and to "remove those which were inappropriate or suffer the consequences irrespective of the inconvenience involved".
In the age of social media, it is an increasingly common occurrence that defamation occurs without the publisher's awareness, and this decision extends that danger. Consult a lawyer if any such issue occurs.
By Adam| 2019-02-05T06:27:57+00:00 August 17th, 2018|General, Springdale News|Comments Off on Defamation on Social Media – even through subsequent comments!


Clendon Burns & Park has collaborated on many iconic Wellington buildings and structures over the last 65 years. Our commitment to work at the leading edge of structural engineering has seen us deliver award-winning solutions and champion new engineering standards.
Some of our projects - such as our work on Wellington's hospitals – have continued for decades, allowing us to draw on generations of knowledge and provide even greater value to our clients.


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Firearms search at address linked to suspected 'ruthless' crime gang in Somerset
Two arrested, three cars seized and firearms warrant carried out in week of action
Elise Britten
Police had a busy week disrupting county lines drug dealing in Yeovil (Image: PA stock photo)
Avon and Somerset Police coordinated a week of action against "ruthless gangs" in Yeovil last week to tackle county lines drug dealing and the associated exploitation of vulnerable people.
The operation saw the arrest of two people and three cars seized.
Police also executed a firearms warrant at a property linked to a suspected organised crime group. No firearms were located, but the warrant resulted in the disruption of a county line.
'County lines' is a term used to describe gangs and organised criminal networks involved in exporting illegal drugs out of bigger cities into one or more smaller towns in the UK, using dedicated mobile phone lines or other forms of 'deal lines.'
They are likely to exploit children and vulnerable adults to move and store the drugs and money, and they will often use coercion, intimidation, violence and weapons, police say.
Last week's operation saw officers target 17 vehicles believed to be used in county lines activity, three of which were seized for having no insurance.
The vehicle checks led to the arrest of two individuals – a 30-year-old male and a 28-year-old female – suspected of having ties with county lines drug dealing.
The individuals who were arrested have been released under investigation.
Human remains found in suitcases in West Country beauty spot
Headteachers threatened with legal action if they re-open schools without proper protection for staff
Elaine Costanza, South Somerset neighbourhoods and partnerships inspector, said: "We are aware of the issues caused by county lines drug dealing and we want to reassure local communities that, despite these unprecedented times, tackling county lines remains one of our top priorities.
"We need to do everything we can to disrupt county lines and stop these ruthless gangs who will stop at nothing to exploit the most vulnerable for their own benefit.
"We are extremely pleased with the results of last week's activity in Yeovil, which highlight the strength a partnership-led approach can have on apprehending drug dealers and ensuring vulnerable people are kept safe."
During the week, Avon and Somerset officers also visited 48 addresses which were thought to have either previously been cuckooed or believed to be at risk of being cuckooed in the future.
'Cuckooing' is the term used for when drug dealers use violence, exploitation and intimidation to take over the home of a vulnerable person in order to use it as a base for drug dealing.
During the visits officers spoke to 44 adults considered vulnerable and potentially at risk of being exploited by dealers and signposted them to appropriate support.
The operation was the result of a coordinated effort between officers and staff from Avon and Somerset Police including Operation Remedy and the Neighbourhood Policing Team.
They were also working in partnership with the South West Regional Organised Crime Unit (SW ROCU), to ensure a joined-up approach to sharing information and resources to dismantle county lines networks.
Intelligence gathered throughout the week about a South West county line, which was shared with Dorset Police, also led to two arrests for possession with intent to supply in Dorset.
The Neighbourhood Policing Teams used the week to engage with local residents in order to share information about county lines drug dealing in Yeovil, to reassure, and to raise awareness of the issues surrounding county lines.
Dorset Police

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Three Islands Press
Schooner Script
Schooner Script (1 font)
From Three Islands Press
American Scribe OT
Houston Pen
Lamar Pen
Texas Hero
Schooner Script(tm) replicates the handwriting of Samuel Clarke, pastor of a church in Princeton, Massachusetts, in a letter to his congregation dated 18 September 1825 -- a plea for donations to help some families who lost their belongings in an accident at sea. (The ill-fated boat was, in fact, a sloop, but a digital typeface already goes by that name.) Clarke's script just seemed, to us, to typify the neat, distinctive penmanship of the period. Schooner Script(tm) has a single, medium weight and full character set, including some alternate characters and common (English) words.
Historical Pens
Formal Scripts
Regular/Roman
ancient | antiqued | calligraphy | cursive | hand | handwriting | historical | ink | pen | period | script | vintage | 1800s |
PDF Specimen
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About Three Islands Press
Three Islands Press (3IP) is a small independent type foundry in Rockport, Maine, specializing in authentic-looking old penmanship, antique map fonts, and vintage text-type simulations. Owner and resident type designer, Brian Willson, laments the disappearance of handwriting and wonders how we'll communicate beyond shouting distance if ever the grid goes down.
3IP TYPE FOUNDRY END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
This is a legal agreement between Three Islands Press ("3IP") and any purchaser ("The Licensee") of any 3IP font(s) regarding use of the associated digital type outlines ("The Software").
Upon full payment of the agreed-upon fee, 3IP grants The Licensee a non-exclusive license for use of The Software, provided The Licensee agrees to these terms:
1.The Licensee may install and use The Software on up to five (5) CPUs (e.g., computers) at one location; installation on more than five such devices, or in more than one location, will require an additional license fee or fees.
2. For an additional fee,The Licensee may use @font-face or similar embedding technologies to make The Software accessible to third parties, so long as The Software may only be viewed and printed by those third parties—i.e., not edited. Furthermore, 3IP would ask that a link to www.3ip.com be included on The Licensee's website's credits page, as well as a notice in The Licensee's CSS file (near the code specifying The Software), e.g.:"Lamar Pen font by Brian Willson, 3IP (www.3ip.com)." (See the 3IP Type Foundry Webfonts End-User License Agreement.)
3.The Licensee agrees not to redistribute The Software by any means except to its printers, output bureaus, design agencies, and the like, so long as The Software is reserved only and expressly for The Licensee's own use.
4.The Licensee agrees to advise in writing its printers, output bureaus, design agencies, and the like, of the limitation described in 3., above, and to direct these agencies to 3IP for independent licensing of The Software for any other use; furthermore,The Licensee agrees to undertake any and all necessary steps to prevent unauthorized use of or access to The Software except as described in this agreement.
5.The Licensee, its agents, and/or its partners may not disassemble or modify The Software in any way, nor convert The Software for use on another platform, except by express permission of 3IP.
6.The Licensee, its agents, and/or its partners may not embed The Software in any materials not intended for The Licensee's own use, except where such materials permit only viewing and printing—not editing, altering, enhancing, modifying, or extracting The Software for subsequent use.
7.The Licensee, its agents, and/or its partners may not sub-license The Software.
8.The Software is owned by and is the intellectual property of 3IP, and its worldwide trademarks belong to 3IP; furthermore,The Licensee agrees to credit 3IP as the trademark and copyright owner of The Software wherever and whenever design, production, and/or other credits are shown or listed, e.g.: "Lamar PenTM copyright © Three Islands Press (www.3ip.com)."
9. In no way is 3IP liable for any computer trouble, property damage, personal injury, or loss of income or profits as a result of the use of The Software.
10.This agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Maine, U.S.A., and any other governing authority. 11.This agreement ends upon violation of any of these terms.
12. In the event of termination of this agreement,The Licensee agrees to destroy all copies of The Software at any and all of the locations described above.


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Understanding kids and concussions
What the NIH experts recommend
Every year, hundreds of thousands of school-aged children get concussions, a mild form of traumatic brain injury. But the after effects of a concussion can be serious.
Experts from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), share what you can do to protect your child from this injury and its consequences.
A concussion is a type of brain injury caused by a bump or blow to the head. During a concussion, the brain literally bounces inside the skull. It causes chemical changes in the brain and temporary changes in normal brain function.
Health care providers often describe a concussion as a "mild" traumatic brain injury (TBI). While other TBIs may be more severe and even life-threatening, any brain injury can be serious and should be treated promptly.
How does a concussion impact a child differently than an adult?
"There's a huge gap in our knowledge about childhood concussions," says Patrick Bellgowan, Ph.D., program director at NINDS. But because there is so much growth and development in the brain during childhood, we do believe that concussions may have a different impact on a younger brain."
However, he notes, "we don't know the extent of that impact," if it's short-term, long-term, temporary or permanent.
NIH neuropsychologist Alison Cernich, Ph.D., who is the director of the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research at NICHD, adds that treating concussion in children can be challenging.
"Unlike adults, children don't or can't always articulate their symptoms," she says. "They may not be able to say where it hurts or how they feel."
"One of the biggest misconceptions about concussions is that there needs to be a loss of consciousness," Dr. Cernich says. While loss of consciousness happens sometimes, you also need to look for other symptoms including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, dizziness, and blurred vision.
In addition, concussion symptoms may not appear right away. NIH pediatric trauma specialist Valerie Maholmes, Ph.D., who serves as the chief of the Pediatric Trauma and Critical Illness Branch at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, says, "Your child may seem fine immediately after injury, but symptoms can appear hours, days, even weeks later."
Post-concussion symptoms include difficulty concentrating, headaches, memory problems, confusion, changes in movement or gait, changes in behavior, and trouble with schoolwork.
Dr. Maholmes says to "watch out for anything that seems out of the ordinary, changes in movement, mood, or trouble concentrating."
Immediately After Injury
Remove the child from play or other activity that caused the injury.
Seek medical attention as soon as possible.
Keep the child still, lying face up, with head and shoulders slightly raised; do not move the child unless absolutely necessary.
Stop any bleeding, applying firm pressure to the wound with sterile gauze or clean cloth; do not apply direct pressure if you think there could be a skull fracture.
Monitor breathing and alertness; if breathing or movement ceases, immediately begin CPR.
Concussions take time to heal. Returning to activities too soon while the brain is still healing can increase the risk of another concussion and possible brain damage. But total rest and isolation for several days or more is no longer recommended.
Dr. Bellgowan says it's better to "reintroduce physical and mental activities slowly." But treatments for children have not been studied extensively.
Questions remain on exactly how long a child should rest after injury and what other steps should be taken. If you have questions about your child's care, talk to your health-care provider.
Can concussions be prevented?
You can't prevent kids from getting hurt, but you can reduce the risk of brain injury with a few simple precautions. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend all children:
Wear a seatbelt or use a safety seat when riding in a car.
Wear a helmet when: Riding a bike or motorcycle; playing football, ice hockey, or any contact sport; roller skating or skateboarding; horseback riding; skiing or snowboarding.
Recommendations for parents include:
Storing firearms and ammunition in a locked cabinet or safe.
Also, try to install handrails on stairways, window guards, and safety gates at the top and bottom of stairs.
Image credit: Adobe Stock
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: CDC Heads Up
Biomedical Discovery and Data-Powered Health
Visit the largest medical library in the world.
Explore More on MedlinePlus.gov
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A head start on concussion recovery
"It would have been easier if he had broken a limb," Michelle Marchionni says about her son Sam's...


Bathing usually uses less water than showering. Whether you bathe or shower, keeping the drain plugged will allow you to use this "gray water" later for other purposes.
While running water to get it hot, fill pitchers, glasses, any empty vessels you have handy until the water gets hot enough to use, never letting any of it go down the drain for nothing.
Water doesn't grow on trees!


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Le col de l'Encumeada, en portugais Boca da Encumeada, est un col routier et pédestre situé sur l'île de Madère, au Portugal. À  d'altitude, il constitue la séparation entre le nord et le sud de l'île. Le col est à la jonction des routes ER110, venant de l'ouest par le plateau central et les ER104 et ER228. Il offre une vue sur les pics montagneux, les cultures en terrasse et l'océan. L'Encumeada est très souvent dans la brume en raison de l'effet de Foehn. En raison de son altitude, la température y est plus fraîche que sur la côte et le vent souffle.

Encumeada
Géographie de Madère

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Some information about Sawdust Road.
Selected as the 2019 Americana Band of the Year by The CMA of Texas, Sawdust Road is a 5-piece band out of Houston, Texas. Their music has a unique mission statement: the music of today with the feel of yesterday! Their live show is a crowd pleaser, with cover songs that perfectly blend with their acclaimed original music. They cover bands such as: Fleetwood Mac, Journey, REO Speedwagon, the Doobie Brothers, Styx, and many more!
Built around the vocals of Mary Michelle, an impressive cast of musicians have united to create music that brings back that feel-good vibe of the 70's, with elements of Rock, Pop, Country, and even a pinch of Soul thrown in for good measure. They have received extensive international airplay, and charted on stations in places as diverse as Nashville, London, France, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia.
On Spectrum Radio in London, they have had 9 songs retired into the Hall of Fame from their weekly countdown, and 8 number one hits. Recently their song "My Best Days" held that spot for 9 straight weeks. Performances have included appearances in Nashville during CMA Fest, Austin during SXSW, and a live TV appearance in Houston's CBS affiliate KHOU channel 11 on the Good Morning Texas show with Deborah Duncan. In 2016, Sawdust Road was honored to win a Josie Music Award for Album of the Year.
"What a terrific band with each member doing a beautiful job on his or her instrument! Mary Michelle is a wonderful singer and Loren Jay plays truly excellent guitar throughout. Frankly, I'm pretty jealous of Loren Jay's guitar work! The original material is so well-written and radio-ready, it's hard to imagine they won't end up getting a record deal soon. I can't wait to see these folks perform live. They're decidedly one of the finest acts I've heard in greater Houston and should be selling out rooms all over the place!"
- Rick Gordon, ReverbNation
Stumbled across a band a couple of years back. Immediately they captured me with songs well written, melodically enticing, rtistry that excites and the vocal Talents of Mary Michelle Brown - which are superb. This particular group of musicians are what good bands are made of - They have it all. I predict a bright and long future for the Band That is Sawdust Road.
- Paul Mac, Paul Mac's Super Indie Show, Hamilton Radio NJ.
"It only takes a second to know good music. This is well produced music. The Best Progressive Country Music on the market. Full of passion and original music for the soul... The songs are delivered with great lyrics and emotion. When you hear the music you will soon forget the crazy things around. This is what music is all about. This is the first Country Band to be featured on our show, so you know they are special."
- DrCal, Host of The DrCal Hour of Insight
"Sawdust Road is a fresh powerful country group that can command their listeners attention with the softness of a ballad or an all-out Rockin' Country tune. THE ICEMAN loves playing their music in his BestCountryRadio.com station rotation. They are a favorite with listeners from all over the globe. This is what new Country Music is all about.
- THE ICEMAN, BestCountryRadio.com
"It was incredible being introduced to Sawdust Road this weekend on stage. They are not only a talented group, but are also caring and inspiring individuals. Of all of the bands that got on that stage, I was most touched by the attitude and drive of Sawdust Road and I am so glad that the group offered their time and energy to this endeavor. I am doing all I can to promote them to all people I know. I know that this was not the last time I will see them live. WOW! What a group!"
- Scott Hubert, organizer of the Stay Family Memorial Benefit BBQ
"A movement in sound, thought, and inspiration is Sawdust Road"
- Pat & Rosie's Nightsounds, KPFT 90.1 fm Houston, TX
"Sawdust Road put on quite a good show... they hit just the right spot with the audience."
- Houston Music News
- Kristin's Country Music Mix (Denmark)
Mary Michelle Brown,
Bill Landrith, Bass
John Lange, Guitar, Vocals
Henry Salomon, Keyboards, Vocals
Chris Coon,
Band highlights include:
• Performed on KHOU-TV Houston – Great Day Houston, Veteran's Day show
• Featured interview on OmnTV, NutmegTV Connecticut Public Access
• One of 4 bands selected to perform at the Stay Family Benefit. Performers included: Junior Gordon, Brade & Hurst and Jason Cassidy
• Selected to perform at "Live Music Presents" South by South Congress during SXSW 2015
• Played at CMA Fest 2015
• Played at The Josie Awards at the Schermerhorn Symphony Hall, Nashville, TN - 2016
• Played the Old Town Spring Crawfish Festival, 2016 & 2017
• Played the CFISD Fun Run which raised over $40,000 in 2015 and $50,000 in 2016 for the Cy-Fair Educational Foundation
• Played The Woodlands "Bands at Night" 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
• Played the CFISD 75th Anniversary Festival
• Nominated for "Vocal Group of the Year" "Song of the Year" "Entertainer of the Year" "Video of the Year" and "Shooting Star" at Nashville Universe.
• Nominated for "Best Country Artist" and "Best Adult Contemporary Artist" at Artists In Music Awards
• Nominated for "Modern Country Group of the Year" and "Modern Country Songwriter of the Year" at Country Blast Radio for 2015
• 3 songs in the Top 214 of 2014 on The Iceman's Cavern – a globally syndicated show dedicated to new artists. The only band on the station to have 3 songs in the Top 214 including the Number 6 song for the year "Not Your Memory"
• Number 64 in The Iceman's Cavern 215 of 2015 with "All I Need"
• One of the most requested artists on Hamilton Radio in 2015
• First band in the history of Hamilton Radio to hold the #1 AND #2 most requested songs on Hamilton Radio in the same week – March 2016
• Four Top 40 singles on BestCountryRadio.com
• A Top 30 single on LOZ Radio
• A Number 1 single on VRadio Nashville
• One of the most requested artists on Hamilton Radio.
• 8 Number 1 singles on Spectrum Radio Pettswood with 11 songs being retired to the "Hall of Fame"
• Number 6 and 7 singles in the Top 100 all-time for Spectrum Radio Pettswood with "Point of View" and "It's Not Goodbye"
• Number 17 in the Top 20 of 2015 on WBCW Radio, Florida with "Cowgirl Attitude"
• 2015 Single "I Like The Way I Feel (When I'm With You)" selected by ReverbNation to appear on A.V.A. Live Radio as part of their "New Music Monday" series
• 2016 Single "Moonshine River" Top 25 on Country Blast Radio for March
• 2016 Josie Award for "Modern Country Album of the Year"
• 2017 Josie Award nominee for "Song of the Year", "Entertainer of the Year" and "Group of the Year"


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Note: It used to be that audiobooks were available from the iTunes Store alongside Music, Films, and TV Shows. Since iOS 8.4 audiobooks have been available from the iBooks Store, accessed via the iBooks app on your iOS devices.