Serving in Africa: November 24 2014 "Thanksgiving in Africa "
Bonjour tout le monde! je vais commencer en Francais pour montre que j'ai vraiment un 'pas mal' conaissance de la langue, et en train d'amèliorer chaque jour :) C'est fatiguant d'apprendre une nouvelle langue.
There is some french for you guys! Today I will write about some things that have happened during the week and some general aspects of life.
This Sunday was the district conference for all Benin. An event hall was rented out and filled with many. There were joyous feelings felt by us missionaries as members and investigators from our respective areas entered the building. This meeting was a non- live West Africa conference in which Apostles Elder Bednar and Elder Uchdorf spoke, as well as the general primary president. I didn't clearly understand everything that was said as it was in French but they spoke about raising children, the importance of paying tithing and the need to discontinue certain African traditions. Specifically addressed was the tradition of wedding dowry. It is customary in Africa for the bride's family to demand a sum of money or list of items from the groom that must be procured before the marriage is accepted. This discourage and/or delays marriage for the general population and especially young members. This creates difficulty for some couples who want to be baptized and is the most complicated aspects of the missionary work here,Ii would say. This tradition also places the workload of daily life on the woman as the man feels exempt for "having paid for her". Elder Uchtdorf especially talked about the need to discontinue this practice as not to hinder eternal progression.
After the meeting we spoke to our investigators and friends. Sister Cecile, an investigator, brought her children along with her. One of her sons (about 4 years old) was unhappy because he didn't want to use the toilet, he wanted to pee outside. I thought it was funny. There was also sand tracked in on the tile floor and little kids would run by and slip around.
This experience happened the day of the baptism mentioned a while ago. Anyways, Sister Adelaide, her sister and small son, and my companion and I stopped and hopped in a taxi to take us home. When taking public transportation I often ask myself "how is this vehicle still working?" We had all filled the seats in the taxi and I was in the front seat. To my surprised, the driver pulled over to pick up a young lady and she opened MY door!. Apparently it's normal to share the front seat of a taxi, I didn't know that. Haha.
I was conscientious about spending my monthly mision funds carefully so I wouldn't run short. I now find myself with only a few days of the month left and 50 percent of the funds. I guess we will have a nice Thanksgiving dinner tomorrow. Something I love about Africa is that you can buy a sandwich for 200 francs which is equivalent to about 30 cents. I also had chawarma for the first time, which is the food mentioned at the end of the Avenger's. It's like a chicken and lettuce wrap with french fries in it and some tasty sauce.Here they eat a soup with a piece of goat intestine, it is so chewy and rubbery, not my favorite, but I love the rice. What most people eat here is called "patte" and is a rubbery kind of corn dough that is eaten with the hand and dipped in a sauce, Groups of people dip the dough all in the same bowl, which is kind of hard to get used to. And people think the way I put it in my mouth is funny. I tilt my head back and set it in my mouth so I don't drip it all over but everyone says it's like I'm taking medicine. Haha.
Well there is plentious (I feel like that's a word) amount of fun stuff for this entry. other than that the work is going great and we find people every day to teach. It seems that you don't really do "door to door" in this mission but the challenge comes in keeping the members active and building the organization itself. The branch president itself ( of Cocomey, my area, if I hadn't mentioned that) is a recent convert and so we are all working out the difficulties together. We await the baptism of Brother Justin this Saturday! He is a great investigator, he is ready but he felt he needed to wait just a little longer to be ready. He is strong and has shared with us an experience with the word of wisdom in which he asked his friend for sprite when offered alcohol at his friend birthday party. We are sure that Frère Justin will become a great friend and strength as we work to build zion.
Farewell friends and family. Have a great Thanksgiving!
Wow! What an adventure Elder Archer. We love this boy!


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Q: Help with hyperbolic integral $\int_0^\infty x\frac{\cosh(bx)}{\sinh(x)}dx.$ The Integral Calculator couldn't help me with the following integral:

$$\int_0^\infty x\frac{\cosh(bx)}{\sinh(x)}dx.$$

From some mathematical physics considerations, I get that the answer should be of the form: $\dfrac{const}{1-cos(b)}$. Is it true? Could you, please, help me with intermediate steps?

A: Hint: One way is using $\displaystyle\int_0^\infty\frac{\sin ax}{\sinh x}dx=\frac{\pi}{2}\tanh(\frac{\pi a}{2})$, then differentiating respect to $a$ gives an answer with $a=ib$.

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@MinorLits 30/08/2017 Fiction
The Good People – Patrick Harpur (Strange Attractor Press)
Patrick Harpur's 'The Good People' (2017) is out with the great Strange Attractor Press – we're delighted to publish an extract here.
As Alistair was making his way down the High Street towards the first parish visit of the day, a curious and frightening thing happened to him. Sidestepping a group of boys jostling four-abreast on the pavement, he was forced into the foyer of a shoe shop where he came face to face with a disturbingly familiar old man. Alistair took in his appearance at a glance: he was tall, even spindly, with a self-effacing stoop; his face was finely wrinkled and ascetic-looking; the distinguished nose and faint smile might have suggested an absent-minded professor, were it not for the incongruity of his dress – a bomber jacket, jeans that flapped loosely round his thin calves, and a pair of grubby trainers. This uniform, already dated among the young, looked sinister on a man of his years. He made as if to pass Alistair by, but, seeing the expression of distaste on the vicar's face, matched it with one of his own, and stopped. Alistair looked more closely at the alien yet familiar features. They composed themselves into a face known to him intimately. His own face, in fact.
Inadvertently reflected in a full-length looking-glass built into the shop front, Alistair had glimpsed himself as another might see him, before he had time to put on the face which greeted him every morning in the shaving mirror. It had been a disconcerting sight. He smiled at his stupidity and walked on. But he wasn't able to dismiss so easily the fright his reflection had given him. It was not caused by his oddly disheartening appearance so much as by the recollection, evoked by his own image, of an occurrence in his earlier life.
It had taken place in 1949, during his second year at university. By and large this had been a happy period for Alistair. Freed from the harshness of public school and the loneliness of home, he had thrown himself into the life of an undergraduate. He made friends, discovered girls, got drunk, read voraciously. He understood the peculiar blessing of being at university. It was a time of grace, between adolescence and the duties of full manhood, in which nothing was expected of him except that he should study and explore all possibilities for their own sake, before necessity fixed him in a more or less rigid pattern of life. In this spirit he was drawn towards a small but enthusiastic circle of occultists.
Its members were more or less serious and, for the most part, benign. They eschewed the blacker arts and discussed natural magic, the Kabbalah, Hermetic and Neoplatonic philosophy, angelology and so on, while engaging in sporadic psychical research. They gave dinners in honour of such visiting luminaries as Dr Falkenburg, the commentator on Cornelius Agrippa, and Professor Hayadi whose work on the numerology and magical proportions of the Temple of Jerusalem still languished in obscurity. They took tea with leading mediums who gave impromptu sittings, or with aged former initiates of the Golden Dawn who could be relied on for indiscreet anecdotes about Aleister Crowley and W. B. Yeats. Once, delightfully, they entertained to cocktails a Mrs. van der Houf, an incarnation of the Comte de St. Germain – one of Madame Blavatsky's seven Masters of Wisdom – who sharply enjoined them never to eat members of the bean family.
All this was a heady and often amusing brew for a young man like Alistair, whose religious propensities led him naturally to an exploration of the supernatural. He wanted stronger meat than the dull Anglican liturgy; he desired personal experience – gnosis – of the transcendent. He practised yogic techniques and meditation, experimented with his diet (more than once smoked hashish), and learnt a little Hebrew in order to read the Sepher Yetsirah. Thus he needed no second invitation to participate in the raising of Manu-Cacu, the Merciful Daemon of the Eleventh Sphere. He didn't exactly believe in the objective existence of such entities – any more, for instance, than he believed in an evil separate from the corrupt will of men. He was, after all, a Christian. But he vaguely thought that the ritual might produce some stimulating subjective effects. Mostly, like the others, he just wanted to scare himself a little.
The walls were crawling, alive, and, like the non-light, felt rather than seen to have a disgusting texture. If he had considered evil at all, he had thought of it as morally, even physically threatening; he had never reckoned on this disgust.
In the event, the ceremony was a damp squib. Everything was arranged according to the letter of Crowley's instructions – the disposition of circles, pentagrams, symbols and daggers – and yet the mighty invocations produced nothing more than a sudden draught and a sinister flickering of candles which Alistair privately attributed to the opening of a nearby door. He went to bed that night full of port, stilton and firm resolutions not to waste his time with hocus-pocus.
At six minutes past three, according to his bedside clock, he awoke with a start. Thinking he had left a light on, he tried to get out of bed. He found that he couldn't move. Nevertheless he could see that the illusion of having left a light on was created by a sickly viscous yellow, more substance than illumination, which pervaded the room from an invisible source. He felt at once that something was terribly wrong, but he couldn't put his finger on it. He struggled in vain to move his paralysed limbs. His room, high up on the corner of his college, was charmingly angular. Slowly the source of his disquiet was borne in upon him: the angles of the room were wrong. They had become subtly deformed, a fraction more acute or obtuse, so that he had the impression of waking in a parallel universe where everything in the normal world was replicated, but distorted. The creeping horror he experienced was out of all proportion to the circumstances. It seemed to him that things were not merely out of kilter but positively evil. The walls were crawling, alive, and, like the non-light, felt rather than seen to have a disgusting texture. If he had considered evil at all, he had thought of it as morally, even physically threatening; he had never reckoned on this disgust.
The atmosphere in the room deteriorated further. In the corner of his eye he saw someone or something sitting at his desk, with its back to the bed. It was at once alien and familiar, very like the reflection in the looking-glass outside the shoe shop. Even as he caught sight of it, it in turn seemed to sense his presence. It began to revolve its head. Alistair had a premonition that the figure would also be a replica – of himself subtly, hideously altered. It occurred to him that if he looked into this Doppelgänger's face, he would lose his mind.
The next thing he remembered was good clean sunlight breaking through the crack in the curtains. The room was restored to its old self. The chair at the desk was empty. The event had been nothing but a nightmare. Hadn't it? On the other hand, it had been unlike any dream he had ever had before or since. He wondered if he was going a bit mad, toyed with the idea of seeing a trick cyclist. When nothing further occurred, he dropped the idea with relief. He was left with the possibility that the vision, as he thought of it, had been real – a notion supported by its clarity and solidity. It was surely more than coincidental, too, that it had happened on a night when he had been party to a magical conjuration. He remained perplexed and fearful. For weeks he had to steel himself to go to sleep.
Alistair abandoned occultism and began to reflect intensely on spiritual matters in general and Christianity in particular. The Anglican Communion now looked more like a sanctuary than a dull routine. The decision to take holy orders crept up on him unawares. Only now did he begin to consider how large a part fear had played in his ordination. The truths of science and reason had broken down in his room on that night, and he needed some other counterbalance to evil. He found it in the powerful apotropaic magic of Christ. He came to believe that, if anything, his nightmarish vision had been providential – that God had used it to bring about his repentance. At any rate, Alistair changed his degree course from philosophy to divinity and, within three years of leaving University, found himself a slightly bewildered curate in the heart of a Derbyshire parish. In the light of his unequivocal Christianity, coupled with marriage to an eminently sensible schoolteacher, he was able to banish that dark stain on his memory. In time, he even learnt to smile indulgently at his adolescent fear, as he might smile at a child's fear of a bogey man.
All children have places which are sacred to them. But Maeve was conscious from her earliest years of a larger sacred landscape which was not personal – a network of hallowed spots which, belonging to the wilderness beyond, encroached on the walls of Eden, as her father's demesne was named. To each of these places tradition ascribed a mystery or significance which Patsy Collins, who worked for her father, would relate. Although only in his late twenties, he seemed to have accumulated a store of knowledge beyond his years.
As he drove her to town in the trap or phaeton, he would point out a haunted crossroads, a copse you shouldn't pass during a new moon, a blackthorn it was perilous to shelter under. Such landmarks were sometimes more obvious – a bush, for example, whose branches were alive with a flutter of rags and ribbons, attached by wayfarers who had said a rosary there; the Altar Rock where Masses had been said by priests outlawed by the British; or holy wells guarded by gaudy statues of Our Lady, around which were strewn votive objects. The spirits of tree and stone and water were older than the saints and revered long before a church militant had wisely commandeered them.
Sometimes Patsy would pull up at a particular place and, letting the reins drop, roll a cigarette and mention some tale of ghosts or miraculous healings. Through his eyes Maeve saw a landscape in which every natural object had glamour. Centuries' worth of stories – the history of Ireland, in fact – overlaid the land in layers, like stones in a dry-stone wall. The very air was thick with possibilities so that it would be unexceptional to meet, without even knowing it, a saint in the boreen or the devil on Divil's Hill.
Most thrilling, though, were the raths or 'fairy forts' – circular banks and ditches of impenetrable antiquity which farmers were tempted to dig up for the treasure they were said to hold. Few dared to do so for fear of incurring the wrath of the Sídhe. One exception, according to Patsy, was a man called O'Rahilly who had boasted one night in the pub that no superstition would prevent him from breaking into the rath on his land. And hadn't a very old man whom nobody knew stood up then and, with a queer look, strongly advised against such a scheme, unless of course O'Rahilly wished to leave his children fatherless? O'Rahilly had gone ahead all the same. He found no treasure; but the really strange thing – here Patsy gave Maeve a meaning look – was that your man was alive and well to this day.
Sídhe was a word Patsy uttered but rarely, and then in a lowered voice. It was pronounced 'shee', like a whisper. The Sídhe were the ancient inhabitants of Ireland, driven underground by later invasions. Patsy was descended from them. He had seen these ancestors more than once, riding into the raths which were merely entrances to that otherworld where the Sídhe danced and hunted, feasted and fought; where it was summer when it was winter with us, and vice versa. They were terrible ones for shape-shifting, appearing now larger than life, now smaller. They could assume the appearance of whatever took their fancy. A pig in a field might not be what it seemed; even an insect or a cloud of dust might not be right. They could help a man with his work or deal him a stroke, leaving him dead or paralysed. They could steal young men to help them in their games or young mothers to suckle their new-born; and while these were away, a body in their likeness, or the likeness of a body, was left lying in their beds. Some said they took the dead, who had been seen dancing among them. Their music was too beautiful to be endured. Many people, including Patsy, often called them – more in hope than expectation – the Good People.
In the beginning, the taint of eerie ambiguity which attached to Patsy as an intermediary between her and the Sídhe, excited more than it disquieted Maeve. It was simply part of what it meant to be Irish. She accepted the interpenetration of natural and supernatural just as she took the fairy forts for granted, as untamed outposts among the broken fields. There was even a fairy place within the precincts of Eden: a large oval tumulus lying along the edge of a copse, overgrown with brambles. The locals called it Maeve's Grave. Patsy explained that her namesake, the Queen of the Sídhe herself, was buried there – a contradiction, since the Good People were well-known to be immortal.
Maeve was fascinated by the uncanny mound. How glorious it would be to see the steep side of Maeve's Grave swing open on silent hinges and pour forth a fairy troop in all their fantastic array! She pictured the tall riders caparisoned in green and gold; she could almost hear the clatter of their red-eared horses' hooves and the terrible gaiety of inhuman laughter. At the same time, how she feared seeing them – dreaded meeting those famous eyes, preternaturally lustrous, silver-flashing, cold.
Once, at noon on a heavy August day, when the land lay suspended and breathless in the heat, Maeve steeled herself to clear a space in the brambles and, lying with her ear pressed to the mossy mound, fancied she could hear the beautiful intolerable bleat of uillean pipes, and the muffled thud of dancing feet. She ran then from that unearthly sound, pursued by the thud of her own heart, as if her life depended on it.
Patrick Harpur's non-fiction books have been published in the UK, the USA and the Hispanic world. They are Mercurius; or, The Marriage of Heaven and Earth, a study of alchemy; Daimonic Reality: A Field Guide to the Otherworld which attempts to make sense of visions and apparitions by recourse to Platonic philosophy, Jungian psychology, and the Romantic notion of imagination; The Philosophers' Secret Fire: A History of the Imagination, which outlines an esoteric Western way of seeing the world which has been largely forgotten; and the rather ambitiously titled A Complete Guide to the Soul. He has also published four novels: a 'theological thriller' called The Serpent's Circle; The Rapture, a study of an autistic child; a highly autobiographical black comedy called The Savoy Truffle; and a modern fairytale, The Good People.
Strange Attractor Press has celebrated unpopular culture for over a decade. Their weird, wide-ranging and brilliant back catalogue of titles can be found here: http://strangeattractor.co.uk/shoppe/.
Image: Creative Commons, Cesar Ojeda, 003- Hermafrodita-Amphitheatrum sapientiae aeternae-1595- Heinrich Khunrath
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Red Rosa by Kate Evans — AngryWorkers
Poetry and Desert: Migrare Mutare ~ Migrate Mutate by Rossy Evelin Lima — Jorge Saenz

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This statistic displays the distribution of the electricity consumption among contestable consumers in Singapore in 2017, sorted by sector. In that year, 55.1 percent of the electricity was consumed by the industrial sector, followed by the commerce and service related-sector with 37.8 percent. Contestable consumers accounted for around 76.3 percent of the total electricity consumption. Information on the breakdown of non-contestable electricity consumption can be found here.


Three-year long excavations on a Baltic Sea island dubbed "the most exciting in Sweden in decades" have unearthed a multitude of bodies, jewelry and Roman gold coins - all left behind after a brutal attack.
The University of Reading has announced evidence linking the remains of three massive Roman temples in Hampshire to the infamous Roman Emperor.
Italian divers are combing the depths of Lake Nemi in search of a 'party boat' on which the Roman Emperor Caligula may have hosted orgies two millennia ago.
One of the best preserved Roman villas was discovered in Britain by chance after a homeowner in Wiltshire decided to lay electric cables in his garden whilst renovating his barn.
New Year's Eve wouldn't be complete without a debilitating hangover on January 1. It's a pain the ancient Greek and Romans knew all too well, and here are their top ways to recover after a rough night.


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Q: programming principles and practice chapter 27 instrusive list mistake? I am reading Programming: Principles and practice using C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup and I got to chapter 27 where I encountered something fishy. It is this line of code:
struct List* lst = (List*)malloc(sizeof(struct List*));

My question is, shouldn't this be written as:
struct List* lst = (List*)malloc(sizeof(struct List));

When I compile the program with the first version, it works fine, but I have seen malloc being used as the second version.
So my question is, which version is correct and what are the differences?
PS: The book is about C++, but this chapter tries to present a way of writing in C. So this is actually a C program.

A: Rule of thumb: When in confusion, check the data types.
In your case, lst is a pointer, which points to a variable of type struct List. So, the memory location required to hold a struct List would be sizeof(struct List). So, the second version makes sense.
P.S.: Congratulations, you thought correct :)
It also appears, List is also defined to be a typedef, otherwise the cast is a syntax error.

NOTE:
In case this code is to be taken as a C snippet, please see this discussion on why or why not to cast the return value of malloc() and family in C..


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using GuiSystem.Rendering;
using GuiSystem.Style;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;

namespace GuiSystem.Structure
{
    public interface IGuiElement
    {
        string Id { get; set; }
        string Group { get; set; }

        Rectangle OccupiedScreenRectangle { get; set; }

        void HandleInput(Input.InputManager input);

        void Update(double timeDelta);

        void Render(RenderContext context, IStylingRule style);
    }
}

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United States Philippines Canada India United Kingdom Abkhazia Afghanistan Akrotiri Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Channel Islands Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Curacao Cyprus Czechoslovakia Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Dhekelia Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island European Union Faeroe Islands Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia Gaza Strip Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Glorioso Islands Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and McDonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City) Honduras Hong Kong Howland Island Hungary Iceland India Indian Ocean Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jan Mayen Japan Jarvis Island Jersey Johnston Atoll Jordan Juan de Nova Island Kazakhstan Kenya Kingman Reef Kiribati Kosovo Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macau Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Midway Islands Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Nagorno-Karabakh Namibia Nauru Navassa Island Nepal Netherlands Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island Northern Ireland Northern Mariana Islands North Korea Norway Oman Pacific Ocean Pakistan Palau Palestine Palmyra Atoll Panama Papua New Guinea Paracel Islands Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Islands Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Republic of Macedonia Republic of the Congo Reunion Romania Russia Rwanda Saint Barthelemy Saint Helena Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Martin Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Scotland Senegal Serbia Serbia and Montenegro Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa Southern Ocean South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Korea South Ossetia South Sudan Soviet Union Spain Spratly Islands Sri Lanka St. Martin (French part) Sudan Suriname Svalbard Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Bahamas The Gambia Togo Tokelau Tonga Transnistria Trinidad and Tobago Tromelin Island Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Virgin Islands Wake Island Wales Wallis and Futuna West Bank Western Sahara West Germany Yemen Yugoslavia Zambia Zimbabwe Catholic countries Christian countries Cold countries Densely populated countries East Asia and Pacific Eastern Europe Emerging markets Europe European Union Eurozone failed states Former British colonies Former French colonies Former Soviet republics Former Spanish colonies Group of 7 countries (G7) Heavily indebted countries High income OECD countries Hot countries Landlocked countries Latin America and Caribbean Middle Eastern and North Africa Muslim countries NATO countries Non-religious countries OPEC countries Potential Future EU Members Religious countries South and Central Asia South Asia Southern Europe Sparsely populated countries Sub-Saharan Africa Tourist destinations Western Europe World
Jamaica Economy Stats
Author: chris.lockyer781
The major drivers of the Jamaican economy are remittances, tourism, bauxite/alumina and agriculture. The global downturn of 2008 and 2009 gravely affected the bauxite/alumina industry. However, tourism showed much resilience and remittances continue to increase.
There are many negatives affecting Jamaica's economy. These include, unemployment, high crime and corruption both by public officials and regular citizens. A debt to GDP ratio of nearly 130% is also a deterrent to the growth of Jamaica's economy.
Jamaica which cut ties with the International Monetary Fund –IMF in the early 1990s, is currently in negotiations with the multilateral organisation. The country and its workers have had to undergo vast austerity measures in order to pass stipulated IMF tests in the past year.
The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which now account for more than 60% of GDP. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Remittances account for nearly 15% of GDP and exports of bauxite and alumina make up about 10%. Tourism revenues account for roughly 10% of GDP, and both arrivals and revenues grew in 2010, up 4% and 6% respectively. The Economic growth faces many challenges: high crime and corruption, large-scale unemployment and underemployment, and a debt-to-GDP ratio of more than 120%. Jamaica's onerous debt burden - the fourth highest per capita - is the result of government bailouts to ailing sectors of the economy, most notably to the financial sector in the mid-to-late 1990s. The Government of Jamaica signed a $1.27 billion, 27-month Standby Agreement with the International Monetary Fund for balance of payment support in February 2010. Other multilaterals have also provided millions of dollars in loans and grants. The government's difficult fiscal position hinders spending on infrastructure and social programs, particularly as job losses rise in a shrinking economy. The GOLDING administration faces the difficult prospect of having to achieve fiscal discipline in order to maintain debt payments, while simultaneously attacking a serious and growing crime problem that is hampering economic growth. High unemployment exacerbates the crime problem, including gang violence that is fueled by the drug trade.
Budget > Revenues: Revenues calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms
Budget surplus > + or deficit > -: This entry records the difference between national government revenues and expenditures, expressed as a percent of GDP. A positive (+) number indicates that revenues exceeded expenditures (a budget surplus), while a negative (-) number indicates the reverse (a budget deficit). Normalizing the data, by dividing the budget balance by GDP, enables easy comparisons across countries and indicates whether a national government saves or borrows money. Countries with high budget deficits (relative to their GDPs) generally have more difficulty raising funds to finance expenditures, than those with lower deficits.
Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP: Public debt as % of GDP (CIA).
No date was available from the Wikipedia article, so we used the date of retrieval.
Exports: This entry provides the total US dollar amount of merchandise exports on an f.o.b. (free on board) basis. These figures are calculated on an exchange rate basis, i.e., not in purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
GDP: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used.
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services: This entry is derived from Economy > GDP > Composition, by sector of origin, which shows where production takes place in an economy. The distribution gives the percentage contribution of agriculture, industry, and services to total GDP, and will total 100 percent of GDP if the data are complete. Agriculture includes farming, fishing, and forestry. Industry includes mining, manufacturing, energy production, and construction. Services cover government activities, communications, transportation, finance, and all other private economic activities that do not produce material goods.
GDP > Per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Per capita figures expressed per 1 population.
GDP > Per capita > PPP: This entry shows GDP on a purchasing power parity basis divided by population as of 1 July for the same year.
GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita: This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A nation's GDP at purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates is the sum value of all goods and services produced in the country valued at prices prevailing in the United States. This is the measure most economists prefer when looking at per-capita welfare and when comparing living conditions or use of resources across countries. The measure is difficult to compute, as a US dollar value has to be assigned to all goods and services in the country regardless of whether these goods and services have a direct equivalent in the United States (for example, the value of an ox-cart or non-US military equipment); as a result, PPP estimates for some countries are based on a small and sometimes different set of goods and services. In addition, many countries do not formally participate in the World Bank's PPP project that calculates these measures, so the resulting GDP estimates for these countries may lack precision. For many developing countries, PPP-based GDP measures are multiples of the official exchange rate (OER) measure. The difference between the OER- and PPP-denominated GDP values for most of the weathly industrialized countries are generally much smaller. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
GDP per capita: GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in current U.S. dollars. Dollar figures for GDP are converted from domestic currencies using single year official exchange rates. For a few countries where the official exchange rate does not reflect the rate effectively applied to actual foreign exchange transactions, an alternative conversion factor is used. Figures expressed per capita for the same year.
Gross National Income: GNI, Atlas method (current US$). GNI (formerly GNP) is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and prop).
Inflation rate > Consumer prices: This entry furnishes the annual percent change in consumer prices compared with the previous year's consumer prices.
Population below poverty line: National estimates of the percentage of the population lying below the poverty line are based on surveys of sub-groups, with the results weighted by the number of people in each group. Definitions of poverty vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations.
Public debt: This entry records the cumulatiive total of all government borrowings less repayments that are denominated in a country's home currency. Public debt should not be confused with external debt, which reflects the foreign currency liabilities of both the private and public sector and must be financed out of foreign exchange earnings.
Unemployment rate: This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted.
Select year 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Top stats 15
All stats 90
Budget > Revenues $3.88 billion 2013 117th out of 223
Budget surplus > + or deficit > - -4.2% of GDP 2012 128th out of 182
Debt > Government debt > Public debt, share of GDP 127.3 CIA 2014 7th out of 153
Exports $1.75 billion 2012 135th out of 189
GDP $14.84 billion 2012 108th out of 177
GDP > Composition, by sector of origin > Services 64.4% 2012 76th out of 189
GDP > Per capita $8,843.88 per capita 2010 46th out of 118
GDP > Per capita > PPP $8,900.00 2012 93th out of 188
GDP > Purchasing power parity per capita $8,859.03 2010 87th out of 181
GDP per capita $5,471.72 2012 87th out of 177
Gross National Income $7.26 billion 2001 83th out of 158
Inflation rate > Consumer prices 6.9% 2012 46th out of 199
Population below poverty line 16.5% 2009 27th out of 36
Public debt 132.9% of GDP 2012 5th out of 149
Unemployment rate 13.7% 2012 24th out of 112
SOURCES: CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011; CIA World Factbooks 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; Wikipedia: List of countries by public debt (List) (Public debt , The World Factbook , United States Central Intelligence Agency , accessed on March 21, 2013.); World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files.; CIA World Factbook 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files. Population figures from World Bank: (1) United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, (2) United Nations Statistical Division. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and (6) U.S. Census Bureau: International Database.; CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 28 March 2011
Jamaica Economy Profiles (Subcategories)
Adjusted savings 3 Interest payments 3
Aid 5 International tourism 13
Balance of payments 34 Labor force 3
Bank and trade-related lending 4 Long-term debt 4
Budget 15 Market capitalization of listed companies 4
Changes in net 4 Merchandise 4
Commercial service 4 Merchandise imports 4
Commercial service imports 4 Micro 4
Companies 36 National accounts 71
Currency 10 Natural gas 8
Current account balance 5 Net capital account 4
Current transfers 4 Net current transfers 4
Debt 69 Net current transfers from abroad 5
Economic aid 3 Net errors and omissions 4
Electricity 8 Net financial flows 20
Entrepreneurship 12 Net income 4
Exports 3 Net income from abroad 5
External balance on goods and services 6 Net trade in goods 4
External debt 215 Net trade in goods and services 4
Final 11 Official development assistance and official aid 4
Financial sector 34 Oil 10
Foreign aid 43 Portfolio investment 8
Foreign direct investment 10 Poverty 21
GDP 41 Poverty and inequality 9
GDP growth 3 Private nonguaranteed debt 4
GDP per capita 4 Public and publicly guaranteed debt service 6
GNI 12 Public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt 3
Goods 4 Purchasing power parity 11
Goods imports 4 Reserves 6
Government 12 Retail 3
Government debt 8 Royalty and license fees 8
Government spending 5 Savings 44
Gross capital formation 5 Service 4
Gross domestic savings 5 Service imports 4
Gross fixed capital formation 5 Services 10
Gross national expenditure 5 Spending 72
Gross savings 6 Stocks traded 5
Gross value added at factor cost 9 Tax 68
High-technology 4 Total 9
Household final 11 Total debt service 6
IBRD loans and IDA credits 4 Tourism 19
Income 24 Tourism expenditures 5
Income distribution 4 Tourism receipts 5
Income payments 4 Tourist arrivals by region of origin 8
Income receipts 4 Trade 1198
Inequality 8 Trademark applications 3
Inflation 9 Use of IMF credit 4
Innovation 9 Welfare 5
Jamaica categories
chris.lockyer781
396 Stat enthusiast
You can start a legal business in New Zealand in half a day.


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The sixth DVD by the legendary British Heavy Metal band.
Recorded at Westfalenhalle in Dortmund, Germany on 24 November 2003, during the Dance of Death World Tour (2003–2004), "Death On The Road" deviates little from Iron Maiden's countless other live shows. While blissfully heavy on the group's excellent - and suitably theatrical - new material, longtime fans do not need any more live versions of "Number of the Beast", "Hallowed Be Thy Name", "Run to the Hills", or "The Trooper". All that said, Iron Maiden do not disappoint, laying to waste any notions that they can't hold themselves to the performance standards of their younger days. Even Bruce Dickinson, despite a voice that's now often more choked than feral, can barely keep himself from leaping into the crowd, and it's that kind of enthusiasm that makes each and every live release - and there are a lot of them - worthwhile to some degree!
Bootleg, 2006 (0 94633 64379 6).


text:
Christian Homework Asks Kids to Explain How to Make Their Friends Straight
Students in a Christian middle school in Kentucky, USA, were assigned a writing project where they contacted a hypothetical gay friend and tried to persuade them to stop being gay.
Modern day education assignment at Christian Academy of Louisville. Middle school. Write a letter to your homosexual friend explaining why it's wrong. Shameful. #stopthehate pic.twitter.com/UdgXv3FEBA
— JP Davis (@kyjpdavis) May 13, 2022
The syllabus reads: "Essay: Write a letter to a friend of your same gender who is struggling with homosexuality." The instructions are to "assume that you have known this friend since Kindergarten, that you go to the same church, and that you have been pretty good friends over the years until now."
The assignment's stated objectives are to persuade them that God's design for them is good, that homosexuality will not bring them satisfaction, and that you love them even though you don't approve of their lifestyle.
A parent of one of the students given this assignment took a screenshot and sent it to JP Davis, an LGBTQ+ activist, where he shared it on Twitter. "Their child is in this class at CAL (Christian Academy of Louisville), and I'm one of the few out gay men that she knows, and so understandably so, she calls me and says, what do I do, I don't agree with this," Davis told WLKY. "It's just disappointing because I don't think we should tolerate those kinds of teachings. I know it's a private school. I know it's a Christian school."
CAL Superintendent Darin A Long said that the assignment was taken out of context in a statement. "This particular assignment, in context, was how a person could discuss homosexuality with a friend from a biblical perspective with compassion and love," according to the statement. "This hypothetical friend conversation was for our students to review the class discussions and their perspectives on the subject. Moving forward, we will review this assignment to ensure there is clarity in its purpose and language."
Atheist Republic News Podcast
United States Christianity LGBTQ Rights


It's why I gave up the security of a steady paycheck and a regular preaching gig every Sunday morning down in Maryland.
It's why I gave up the very things we are taught to make a priority in our lives and go after—income, pension, health insurance—so that we can purchase the things the world uses to define (and so often judge) us by.
I gave it all up so that I could step into a new reality in which God had been nudging me to step into for quite some time. The nudge was gentle at first, but anyone who has brushed off God's nudge knows God is not easily brushed off. The nudge grew stronger, leading me to sleepless nights and divine dissatisfaction with a life that looked to be a blessed one on the surface.
The nudge finally became a holy kick in the #$% that set me on an uncertain future back in Vermont where the only thing I am certain of is this: God is on the brink of doing some amazing work in a place my heart embraces.
Great work in a place where I see abundance of the things that matter to God—an abundance of caring hearts, stubborn hope and a desire to live a life not defined by what the world says is life.
Rather to live a life where a good payday is one in which your ears heard the songs of the birds and your body stood still long enough to enjoy their angelic concert.
Those were the words I said to my parents the other day when I called them to say "hi" after spending a morning with a lean checkbook that once again, somehow, paid for our daily bread.
God is up to something big, a new reality that isn't about breathing life into old ways of doing and being. God is revealing a new way to live, I said, more for my own benefit than to put at ease a parent's worry about their daughter's future.
Live simply. Live with love. Live in peace. Live knowing that while there are forces against you (there are always forces against us), not to be afraid. Rather, embrace it all—the good, the bad, the ugly. For God is in it all.
The thing is, new realities like this come with a lot of uncertainty, a lot of questions and a lot of opposition.
My Lenten journey this year has been an interesting one. It began with a quiet Ash Wednesday in which, sitting alone at my centuries old farm table that serves as my writing desk, I poured out the burnt palm ashes into an ice cream bowl and thoughtfully and prayerfully let my finger swirl around and around.
As I felt the grittiness of the ash against the smoothness of my skin, my thoughts went to all the foreheads I have made the sign of the cross on with the ash. Some with many wrinkles of wisdom won not so easily; while others still smooth with beautiful ignorance we call blissful at times. I thought of the sacred moment when after the cross was made, I would step back and see the person's face fill with awe and mystery as if this smudge had somehow reached deep into their heart. And perhaps it did.
As my finger swirled, I felt an ache that this would be the first year I would not have any foreheads to smudge. I looked down at my blackened finger and gently made the sign of a cross on the top of my hand.
And so, my journey so far has been one in remembering who I am and to know that when all is said and done nothing matters in our fleeting lives except finding the courage to live into the new reality God presents. A reality that is not about resuscitation, but one that is about authentic new life.
It's a reality, though, that is not easy.
The other day I sat down on the path I was walking on and hung my head down low. I was not physically tired, but spiritually exhausted.
Although the sun was shining, all I could feel was darkness encroaching. I touched the top of my hand where weeks ago the self-imposed gritty smudged cross stared back at me, begging me to remember.
Gingerly, I traced the lines of the now phantom symbol of hope. Over and over, I made the sign of the cross where hope first had to conquer betrayal, opposition, hurt, anger and darkness. Lots of darkness.
"A new reality unrestrained by the force of fear" is what theologian Walter Brueggemann says the Easter promise is all about.
The sad truth is, though, fear will always try to restrain the new thing God is doing. For we humans are a fearful sorry lot. We are so afraid when we cannot control our own lives, even more so when we cannot seem to control others. We are fearful when someone dares to upset the apple cart by suggesting that we do something never done before.
The other day I was talking to a friend I had reconnected with now that I had moved back home. We got to talking about God realities and the fear that thwarts them. As we talked she became quiet and thoughtful. Hesitant at first to share what had come to her, she blurted out her concern.
To the world, I am example of someone who is crazy. Perhaps even a threat. After all, I am willing to enter tough places, give up all, to see something beautiful that so few go the distance to see. I live to see God redeem brokenness and create newness from rubble.
Sometimes I, myself, question my sanity especially when I get to the part of the journey I am on now. The part where dark, mean clouds of a world who opposes this reality are gathering on my path.
But then, I trace the phantom cross, the symbol of hope, that was on my hand weeks ago. I trace and I reach. I reach deep down in my soul, mustering up the courage to keep on going, for I know how gritty ash feels on the skin and I remember.
There's a beautiful reality waiting to burst forth where God has placed me to serve.
I remember I am dust.
I remember, God is God.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged ash, courage, cross, dark clouds, Easter, foreheads, friends, God, hope, Lent, Lenten journey, live simply, reality, smudge, threaten, trust, Vermont, Walter Brueggemann by accidentalcountrypastor. Bookmark the permalink.


Michael Liedtke of the AP has posted a review comparing the performance of major search engines on a randomly selected set of Trivial Pursuit questions. I'm all about getting the right answer to the top of the page every time, but think for a second about the words "Trivial Pursuit". Those questions aren't chosen because they're likely to be things people want to know, they're chosen because they're likely to be things that people don't know.
A real way to do this review would be to find a way to sample the questions that people actually want to answer with search engines, and compare Yahoo, Google, MSN, et al on that set.


text:
Q: Change WP8 App Background in C# I am trying to create a class to add the ability to change the wallpaper of my app. This is my class:
namespace Wallpaper
{
    class Wallpaper
    {
        public static void SetAppBackground(string imageName)
        {
            var app = Application.Current as App;
            if (app == null)
                return;

            var imageBrush = new ImageBrush
            {
                ImageSource = new BitmapImage(new Uri(imageName, UriKind.Relative))
            };
            app.RootFrame.Background = imageBrush;
        }
    }
}

But app.RootFrame.Background gives an error App.RootFrame.get cannot be accessed with an instance reference; qualify it with a type name instead"`.
EDIT: I want to change the wallpaper of my application when I call the function. imageName = image path.

A: Change your code to this
public static void SetAppBackground(string imageName)
{
    var imageBrush = new ImageBrush
    {
        ImageSource = new BitmapImage(new Uri(imageName, UriKind.Relative))
    };
    App.RootFrame.Background = imageBrush;
}

But im not clear what are you trying to do..


Home » All I want for Christmas is … regulatory certainty?
Last week, PHMSA's oil and gas pipeline technical advisory committees convened to review and discuss significant pending rulemakings and regulatory reform initiatives, among other topics. At the same time, the White House touted its deregulation efforts, including the purported elimination of 22 regulations in the past year for each new rule passed. For an agency that is facing outstanding statutory mandates to enact certain regulations, with reauthorization looming in 2018, it is expected that PHMSA will promulgate some new rules in the New Year. It is not yet known, however, what the content of those rules will be and whether the expansive gas 'mega rule' will be among those finalized in 2018. Given the overall regulatory climate to reduce regulation and burden, a little certainty might be appreciated in the New Year.
In introductory statements to the joint session last week, the newly appointed PHMSA Administrator Skip Elliott relayed that the Department of Transportation as a whole, and PHMSA specifically, has been taking an aggressive review of both existing and proposed rules in order to identify ways to reduce regulatory burdens, so as to achieve less onerous regulations that do not sacrifice safety. Elliott stated that the Agency desires to work together with industry towards both the goal of zero incidents and to have rules in place that yield the greatest safety benefits. He also encouraged industry to accelerate their own voluntary safety efforts. Elliott emphasized that the Agency's primary goal is to promote safe and reliable transportation. The Agency then went on to provide an overall regulatory update, and explain in more detail the efforts it has undertaken to improve the regulatory process. These include bringing an economist on staff in order to improve the economic regulatory analysis process for proposed rules, particularly since both significant and nonsignificant rules now have to be approved by the Secretary of Transportation.
The primary drivers behind PHMSA's regulatory program at present were described as twofold: (1) the outstanding statutory mandates from the 2011 and 2016 PIPES Acts as well as recommendations from the National Transportation Safety Board, Government Accounting Office and the Department of Transportation Office of Inspector General; and (2) regulatory reform. As to the latter, as a result of the regulatory freeze declared in January, the Agency's final hazardous liquid rule was withdrawn and is still being reevaluated with executive leadership. In terms of implementing the Executive Orders on regulatory reform, PHMSA representatives explained that the Agency developed a process that has been very effective, perhaps best illustrated by the fact that the Agency reported that it self-identified 75% of the issues and proposals offered by stakeholders in response to the Department of Transportation's request for regulatory reform comments. These include regulations, standard practices, guidance documents, information collection initiatives and reporting. The Agency is in the process of finishing its review following stakeholder input, and will then start a more focused programmatic review and economic analysis, emphasizing again the Agency's desire to make regulations efficient but to also maintain safety.
It is against this backdrop that President Trump announced on Thursday, December 14th, that "Within the first eleven months, we canceled or delayed over 1,500 planned regulatory actions, more than any previous president, by far." This reportedly includes the withdrawal or removal of over 800 proposed regulations, and delay of another 700 regulations. Trump further claimed that—as a result of the "two for one" executive order issued earlier in 2017 announcing the intent to repeal two regulations for every new one promulgated—the Administration has been able to exceed that goal by eliminating 22 old regulations for each new rule proposed, resulting in a purported cost savings of $8.1 billion (citing OIRA and OMB's compilation of regulatory reform efforts).
Under this Administration, many agencies have taken deregulatory actions in fiscal 2017, and Trump reported that federal agencies collectively eliminated 67 regulations and only proposed three new regulations. Trump also disclosed a plan to drastically reduce the number of pages in the Federal Register in 2018 to "1960 levels," when the Federal Register consisted of approximately 20,000 pages whereas now it is closer to 200,000 pages. Washington Post, Trump pledges to cut regulations (Dec. 14, 2017). President Trump asserted that the result of such drastic deregulatory action is an improved economy, opining that "you see the results, when you look at the stock market, the results of companies, and when you see companies coming back into our country." Id.
Now that the Trump Administration and Congress have filled more vacant leadership positions within federal agencies, energy project approvals are being issued and federal regulators have more direction with respect to policy initiatives and priorities. As a result, we should see more focus at PHMSA and other agencies in 2018 on moving forward with deregulation and returning to normal administrative and enforcement activities. Streamlining regulations to be more effective and not unduly burdensome is a reasonable goal and is consistent with existing statutory requirements for major administrative agency actions. Uncertainty in applicability of regulations or the manner in which they are implemented can lead to public safety concerns, however. At the same time, NGO litigation challenging pipeline and LNG projects is on the rise throughout the country, and some States are similarly opposed to these projects, denying what were historically routinely issued permits and certifications. Combined with existing and projected market conditions, all of these factors may impact the ability of industry to develop new projects, plan for the coming years, and continue to grow.
A little regulatory certainty would help.


text:
Genel 18 December 2020
Microsoft president sounds alarm on 'ongoing' SolarWinds hack, identifies 40 more precise targets
Microsoft president Brad Smith warned that the wide-ranging hack of the SolarWinds' Orion IT software is "ongoing," and that investigations reveal "an attack that is remarkable for its scope, sophistication and impact." The breach targeted several US government agencies and is believed to have been carried out by Russian nation-state hackers.
Smith characterized the hack as "a moment of reckoning" and laid out in no uncertain terms just how large and how dangerous Microsoft believes the hack to be. It "represents an act of recklessness that created a serious technological vulnerability for the United States and the world," Smith argues.
He believes that it "is not just an attack on specific targets, but on the trust and reliability of the world's critical infrastructure in order to advance one nation's intelligence agency." Though the post stops short of explicitly accusing Russia, the implication is very clear. "The weeks ahead will provide mounting and we believe indisputable evidence about the source of these recent attacks," according to Smith.
To illustrate just how far-reaching the hack was, Smith included a map that used telemetry taken from Microsoft's Defender Anti-Virus software to show people who had installed versions of the Orion software that contained malware from the hackers.
A map showing customers affected by the malware in SolarWinds' Orion. Image: Microsoft
Microsoft has also been working this week to notify "more than 40 customers that the attackers targeted more precisely and compromised through additional and sophisticated measures," according to Smith. Approximately 80 percent of those customers are located in the US, but Microsoft also identified victims in Canada, Mexico, Belgium, Spain, the UK, Israel, and the UAE. "It's certain that the number and location of victims will keep growing," Smith said.
Investigations into the hack are ongoing. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), and the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) issued a joint statement on Wednesday to say that they were coordinating a "whole-of-government response to this significant cyber incident." And Smith warned that "we should all be prepared for stories about additional victims in the public sector and other enterprises and organizations."
Earlier on Thursday, Reuters reported that Microsoft had been hacked as part of the breach and that "it also had its own products leveraged to further the attacks on others." But Microsoft denied that claim in a statement to The Verge:
Like other SolarWinds customers, we have been actively looking for indicators of this actor and can confirm that we detected malicious Solar Winds binaries in our environment, which we isolated and removed. We have not found evidence of access to production services or customer data. Our investigations, which are ongoing, have found absolutely no indications that our systems were used to attack others.
Microsoft has been responding to the hack since December 13th, including blocking versions of SolarWinds Orion that contained the malware. Microsoft and a coalition of tech companies also seized control a domain that played a key role in the SolarWinds breach, ZDNet reported.
SolarWinds has also taken the step of hiding a list of high-profile clients from its website, perhaps to protect them from negative publicity. The list included more than 425 of the companies on the Fortune 500.
As for Microsoft, Smith used his post to call for a more organized, communal response against cyberattacks, both at a government level and amongst private institutions. "We need a more effective national and global strategy to protect against cyberattacks," he writes. Microsoft is also looking for "stronger steps to hold nation-states accountable for cyberattacks."
Hackers backed by Russian government reportedly breached US government agencies
SolarWinds hides list of high-profile customers after devastating hack
identifies 40 more precise targets - The Vergeclockmenumore-arrownoyesFollow The Verge on FacebookFollow The Verge on TwitterRSS feed (all stories on The Verge)SearchVox Media Microsoft president sounds alarm on 'ongoing' SolarWinds hack
Baby Yoda can live on your desk thanks to AR and Google Search
Sony is pulling Cyberpunk 2077 from the PlayStation Store and offering full refunds
Twitter locks out China's US embassy after 'baby-making machines' tweet
Tim Cook gave the first Mac Pro to Trump, apparently


Wishing you luck and baby dust. Hope it also happens for me soon.
im having my coil fitted on Wednesday and am dreading it!! From all the feedback i've had its going to be painful, and make my periods heavier and more painful so im hoping this is wrong!! But on the positive no hormones to contend with (can't take the pill because of migraines) and no baby scares!!
it was just in answer to you having yours removed Sarah thats all!!
Nicola - Don't worry about it, its not that bad at all. Only painfull for a few hours after and as long as you regularly take painkillers (i've had two fitted now so second time round was wiser!) its not painful at all.
Thanks Cheryl! That has made me feel better! im sure it will be fine, just a little concerned as my first af will be when we are away on holiday next month!!
Not a good time Nicola! But don't worry about it the fitting I expected it to be really bad especially as I've not had kids so was warned it would be worse for me. However its not bad at all the more relaxed you are about it the better.
Sarah thats just how it goes here! Maybe you would like to join in some of our other conversations we do chat about all sorts!
Nicola, let me know how you get on as its something that I am considering!!!!
Nicola,Good luck for Wednesday. I'm sure it will be fine (says she who no longer needs to worry ).
Hope you dont have to take Tate and Luka with you?
Luckily i've got an appointment first thing, so I can go on my own!!! Thanks Lucy. It will be ok. Im just a bit worried of how it will affect me after the painful periods or whatever. But I won't know if I dont' give it a go! oooh thats a rhyme!!
At least you will have time to decide what you think before I need it doing and then I can make my decision!!!!! Cheeky or what???
How are you getting on? Hope you are ok.


As you may or may not be aware, the way our bodies digest our food, can help determine how many nutrients we're able to absorb into our bloodstreams before the food is broken down into waste, with no nutritional value in the slightest. If you happen to suffer from poor digestive health, then you won't need us to tell you just how unpleasant an experience this can be. Irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, gas, bloat, acid reflux, and indigestion are all pretty common ailments associated with poor digestive health. The better your digestion is, the more nutrients you'll be able to absorb, the quicker your food will be broken down, and the quicker you will lose weight and feel healthier.
When we eat food, our bodies release digestive enzymes to help break down the food to get to the nutrients. There are enzymes in our mouths to help break down food as we chew, there are ones in our throats, and there are ones in our stomachs and intestines as well. The more you have, the better your digestive system will work. There are ways of naturally boosting these enzymes too, so if you do happen to suffer from poor digestion, there is hope yet.
Never overcook your food – When we cook our food too much, the enzymes they contain naturally can be damaged or destroyed completely. This goes for any food, even fruits and vegetables. People think that no matter what, fruits and vegetables are healthy for us, but if we overcook them and destroy the enzymes and nutrients, we're taking away everything that makes them healthy.
Think about taking up juicing – There's a critically acclaimed documentary, called 'fat, sick, and nearly dead' I encourage each and every one of you to check it out. This documentary follows two men, who eat no whole foods for 60 days, instead getting their nutrition from vast quantities of fruits and vegetables. These foods are juiced, and as they aren't heated at all, all of the vital enzymes, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals are all completely intact. You don't need to go to that extreme obviously, but a fruit and/or vegetable juice a day, will boost your enzyme activity, as well as super charging your immune system, so give it a try.
Use digestive enzyme supplements – You can now purchase specially made digestive enzyme supplements, designed to replace the enzymes we may lose as we get older, or follow a poor nutritional plan. These supplements help increase and restore these enzymes naturally, meaning you'll be able to break down and digest your food as you should, and extract all of the key nutrients in the process.


Lesley Ann Saketkoo, MD, MPH; received her post-graduate degrees and trained in pediatrics and internal medicine at Tulane University and rheumatology at LSU and since January 2015 is an associate professor of medicine in the Department of Medicine at Tulane University. She has held faculty appointments in both pulmonary medicine and rheumatology since returning to New Orleans in 2011 when she established the Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center (SSPCRC) between Tulane and LSU with internationally recognition; and the Pulmonary Hypertension clinic programs at LSU - which is now transformed into the LSU-Tulane collaborative Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center, for which she is co-director of clinical research and director of wellness practices.
Dr. Saketkoo is an internationally recognized researcher, educator and clinician in scleroderma/systemic sclerosis (SSc), sarcoidosis, myositis, pulmonary hypertension (PH) and intestinal lung disease. Dr. Saketkoo is has also trained at the Karolinska Institutet (KI) in Stockholm, making New Orleans the first city in the US to offer semi-open muscle biopsy. Currently Dr. Saketkoo is Vice-Chair of the IMACS (International Myositis and Clinical Studies Group) planning committee. As well as task force member for the EUSTAR-SCTC Myopathy Group and international cohort.
Dr. Saketkoo, with the University of Utah, is establishing the first international clinical registry in Sarcoidosis as well as leading efforts in sarcoidosis to develop screening protocols to prevent morbidity and mortality, identify outcome measures for clinical practice and clinical trials as well as for recommendations for pulmonary rehabilitation.
Dr. Saketkoo leads international and local workshops for patients and medical professionals in 'Mindfulness in Medicine' as well as a teaching program of safe self-paced exercise for patients with cardiopulmonary disease and other chronic illness.
Her other clinical interests include vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus.


Numerous factors are needed to be considered first before actually starting your own airport transport business.
One of which is identifying existing businesses on the same field in the same area. You should also identify the services that you will be offering to your customers that will provide them an advantage against the services that your competitors are currently offering. Considering the type of transport vehicle your business will be using is also an advantage over your competitors. Buses with larger space for luggage are ideal for this type of business since airport passengers usually bring along with them large baggage.
Having knowledge on the chosen business will give you an advantage over your competitors. Seeking an advice from the people who are already in the business is a thing to consider for you to know the things that are necessary to start your Airport transportation business. But do not think that your competitors will give you an advice because that will be the last thing that they want to do. You should consult owners far from the place that you will start your business in so that they will not think that you will be a competitor to them and they will most likely give you few tips and advice.
Airside Transfer – this involves transporting the passengers from the departure gate or arrival gate to the plane. Since this does not involve buses to be running on highways, buses can be longer and wider than normal buses to accommodate more passengers.
Terminal Transfer – in case a passenger needs to transfer to another terminal that is not physically near the terminal he is in, a terminal transfer may be provided. This type of transfer lets the passenger to travel from one terminal to another without having the hassle of renting cars.
Car Park Transfer – this type of transfer is applicable for car parks that are quite far from the terminal. The airport provides free car park shuttle to the passengers.
Public Bus Services – this consists of different types of services.
Premium airlink services – from airport to standard routes nearby, has limited stops unlike point-to-point.
Demand responsive shuttle buses – from airport to various routes, also known as point-to-point service.
Express services – from airport to special routes, only one stop.
Franchising is another option if you don't want to go through everything yourself because the franchisor has done these steps already. But in exchange to that, your business will rank among other franchisees.
I live in the state of ri, I have my class b license, I am a truck driver with an excellent driving record. I am interested in opening my own business, where I would pick passengers right at their home and drop them off at the airport, like logan, newark, and JFK. My bus would only carry 10 passengers total. I would like information on how to spread the word and get clients, and is there any other way of getting the word out.
i live in namibia , i am young business man who is ready to start a transporting business of airport transport from the airport to the hotels ,around town and to any destination within the country . my challenge is that the industry have strong competitor that do the same business and have been long in the business. Since it is a challenge to penetrate the European market for customer i opted to target SADC regions for customers and i know our airline's destinations within the region and more , How do i get the my massage across the the regions especially to our airline's Agents and spread the word. And how do i penetrate and stay in business with such strong competitors without losing focus, and where will my advertisements be set for the best result .
Hi there, Am about to start an airport transfer business so, am writing to you to me some clues to penetrate the market and to win more customers.


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The "Good News" of an Ideological Party
Note: We're in the last few days of the year and there's still time to donate to the work of The Catholic Thing. All you need to do is to click on the Donate button and choose one of the many easy ways to make your entirely tax-deductible contribution. Do it today. – Robert Royal
A distinction can be made between two kinds of political parties: pragmatic parties and ideological parties.
For most of its history the Democratic Party was a pragmatic party, not an ideological party. It was not interested in making a certain philosophy of life prevail in society. That's what ideological parties do – for instance, the Communist Party in the old Soviet Union or the Nazi Party in Germany. They wish to transform society and culture so that a certain worldview prevails, a certain quasi-religion.
Pragmatic parties, by contrast, wish to distribute patronage to their friends, the patronage of jobs, contracts, tax breaks, and welfare benefits. They care little or nothing about ideology. To be sure, you will find ideologues and ideological elements in even the most pragmatic of pragmatic parties, just as you will find pragmatic elements in even the most ideological of ideological parties. But these ideological elements are minor elements in a pragmatic party, not major elements.
As noted, the Democratic Party throughout most of its history has been a pragmatic party; as have been its great rivals, the Republican Party and the earlier Whig Party.
But that is no longer true, and it grows less true with every passing year. The Democratic Party, I contend, is increasingly an ideological party, perhaps even predominantly an ideological party; and if it not yet predominantly ideological, it soon will be unless its current "progressive" trends are interrupted. In this regard, it resembles the Communist Party and Nazi Party.
Now I would not like to be misunderstood here. I am not suggesting that Democrats are like Nazis and Communists. Generally speaking, Democrats, even very ideological Democrats, are nice people. They are polite; they are often kind, sometimes very kind; they wouldn't hurt a flea (notwithstanding the fact that they would cheerfully have unborn babies killed). But they are ideologues; or at least they are led by ideologues, and the rank and file follow these ideological leaders.
The great majority of Democrats, I concede, are not ideologues; it is not their intention to transform America's traditional culture and replace it with a "new and improved" culture. But the Democratic Party is being led today by leftist ideologues who wish to do precisely that. These ideologues are the "brains" of the party, while everybody else provides the party's "muscle."
What do these intellectual leaders of the party believe? What is the new and improved culture they wish to persuade the American people to adopt? What is the "good news" they preach?
(1) They preach a metaphysics: There is no God, at least no God like the God of the Bible; no Supreme Being who created the universe and governs it. And if they sometimes say that they are agnostics, not atheists, their agnosticism is virtually identical with atheism; the two differ in name only.
(2) They preach a theory of knowledge: There is no knowledge other than sense-based knowledge, the kind of empirical knowledge upon which natural science is based. (They pride themselves on their respect for science even though very few of them are actual scientists or philosophers or historians of science.) Thus there is no such thing as Divine Revelation. And there is no such thing as trans-empirical intuitive knowledge – for example, intuitive knowledge of the existence of God, of the immortality of the soul, of the fundamental laws of morality.
(3) They preach a theory of morality, a morality of maximum personal liberty. We should be free to do as we like, and we should tolerate a like freedom in others. Of course certain practical limits must be placed on this freedom if we are to avoid a war of all against all: we should not be free to inflict direct and tangible harm on non-consenting others.
(4) Sexual freedom: While there are many other kinds of freedom, sexual freedom is, so to speak, the keystone of the arch. If sexual intolerance is permitted, many other kinds of intolerance will follow.
(5) Anti-Christianity: The most influential opponent of the above beliefs and values is Christianity, more especially old-fashioned Catholic and Protestant Christianity. Therefore old-fashioned Christianity must be marginalized, must be driven into a social corner where it can do little or no harm.
(6) Omnicompetent government. There is no problem, not even the problem of controlling the terrestrial climate for the next 10,000 years, that cannot be solved, at least in the long run, by the action of the U.S. federal government. Do we have problems of poverty or crime or education or health or drug addiction or global warming? There must be solution that Washington can find for it – a law, an agency, a spending program, a global treaty, etc.
With regard to ideology, Democrats can be divided into three concentric circles. The innermost circle is made up of the leftist ideologues I've been talking about; they are the ones who manufacture "progressive" ideas and distribute them at the wholesale level.
The next circle, a larger circle, is made up of semi-ideologues; they are consumers and retail distributors of these ideas.
The outermost circle, the largest circle of all, is made up of non-ideologues. If they accept, or at least don't oppose, "progressive" ideas, this is not from love of these ideas but from party loyalty. In this outermost circle can be found many blacks, Latinos, labor union members, and family heritage Democrats.
The Democratic Party isn't the only crucial place where anti-Christian ideologues and semi-ideologues have won control. They have also won control in the entertainment industry, in the news media, and in our leading colleges and universities (including law schools).
A relatively small number of smart and well-organized fanatics can re-shape a culture. It's happened many times in the past, and it's now happening right under our noses.
David Carlin is a retired professor of sociology and philosophy at the Community College of Rhode Island, and the author of The Decline and Fall of the Catholic Church in America and, most recently, Three Sexual Revolutions: Catholic, Protestant, Atheist.
The Sentimentality Destroying Christianity - Tuesday, January 10, 2023
Words for a Concerned Former Student - Thursday, December 22, 2022
If One Is Right, the Other Is Wrong - Friday, December 9, 2022
Improving the Church - Wednesday, November 23, 2022
Of Nazis and "Nazis" - Friday, November 11, 2022
We Victims of 'Victimless Crimes' - Friday, October 28, 2022
A Somewhat Modest Proposal - Friday, October 14, 2022
The Long-Term Struggle for Hearts and Minds - Friday, September 30, 2022
Three Cheers for Superstition - Friday, September 16, 2022
Desperate Times, Desperate Measures - Friday, September 2, 2022


Hop on an open-top bus and explore the vibrant, cosmopolitan city of Belfast with a 90 minute tour, which lets you hop off and explore at over 20 stops across the city.
This product is sold by VisitBritain and is provided by our supplier, Belfast City Tours.
The route begins on Belfast's high street in the heart of the city. It takes you to Queen's Island or the Titanic Quarter, a bustling and modern area and one of the world's largest urban waterfronts, spanning 185 acres beside the historic pump house where the mighty RMS Titanic was designed and built.
Nearby are the amazing Titanic Museum and the Titanic Paint Hall, currently being used to film the hit HBO series Game of Thrones. Here you can also see the striking H&W cranes, the most unique landmark on Belfast's skyline.
See Custom House Square, an outdoor space that is teeming with cultural events in summertime, and the Albert Memorial Clock, commissioned by Queen Victoria in memory of her prince consort, Prince Albert.
The route includes a stop at Belfast Castle, which sits 400 metres above sea level on the scenic slopes of Cavehill Country Park. Built in a Scottish baronial style, the castle's architecture is striking, and the whole area offers fantastic views of the city.
The route passes Queens University, regarded as one of the top 20 universities in the UK, and Belfast City Hall, a beautiful building and centrepiece to the city. You'll pass Clifton House Graveyard, where the city's most famous historic figures are buried. And you'll also see the Crown Liquor Saloon, known as the most famous pub in Belfast – built as a Victorian gin palace in 1885; its ornate interiors have given it National Trust heritage status.
See the Victorian Crumlin Road Gaol where IRA prisoners were once held. It has now been transformed into one of the city's newest attractions, a whisky distillery which produces Titanic and Danny Boy whiskeys.
See the Lagan Weir, the city's huge tidal barrier, and the Salmon of Knowledge, an iconic piece of modern art.
And hop off at the beautiful botanic gardens, a tranquil and glorious area with rose gardens and a Palm House Conservatory. The famous Ulster Museum is set within the gardens too.
Throughout the tour, you'll be able to spot some of the most famous political murals in Europe – there are almost 2,000 of them dotted around the city, depicting events from Northern Ireland's turbulent history. They have become a trademark of Belfast itself and are a colourful and striking reminder of its past.


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text:
Biografia
Ha iniziato a suonare la batteria a 13 anni, e poco più tardi formò gli Eidolon.

Nel 2005, egli ed il fratello, il chitarrista Glen Drover, sono entrati a far parte dei Megadeth. Il fratello tuttavia abbandonò il gruppo il 14 gennaio 2008 a favore di Chris Broderick, quest'ultimo raccomandato al frontman Dave Mustaine proprio dai fratelli Drover.

Oltre alla batteria, Shawn è anche un buon chitarrista. Il 3 aprile 2005, durante il Blackmail the Universe Tour a Kawasaki (Giappone), i Megadeth hanno suonato Paranoid dei Black Sabbath con Shawn alla chitarra e Glen alla batteria, mentre il 3 settembre dello stesso anno, in occasione del Gigantour, ha suonato la terza chitarra con il fratello Glen e con Mustaine, lasciando il posto di batterista a Mike Portnoy (Dream Theater), in aggiunta il bassista James Lo Menzo. I cinque musicisti suonarono Peace Sells e Shawn fece anche un assolo.

Il 25 novembre 2014 ha comunicato la sua dipartita dai Megadeth, spiegando di volersi concentrare sui propri interessi musicali. Il 26 febbraio 2015 il batterista ha annunciato, insieme all'ex-chitarrista dei Megadeth Chris Broderick, la fondazione del supergruppo Act of Defiance. In un'intervista concessa a Classic Rock nel luglio 2015, il batterista ha rivelato che il gruppo è stato formato appena dopo la sua dipartita e quella di Broderick dai Megadeth.

Discografia

Con gli Eidolon
 1996 – Zero Hour
 1997 – Seven Spirits
 2000 – Nightmare World
 2001 – Hallowed Apparition
 2002 – Coma Nation
 2003 – Apostles of Defiance
 2006 – The Parallel Otherworld

Con i Megadeth
 2006 – Arsenal of Megadeth (video)
 2007 – That One Night: Live in Buenos Aires (live)
 2007 – United Abominations
 2009 – Endgame
 2010 – Rust in Peace Live (live)
 2010 – The Big 4: Live from Sofia, Bulgaria (live)
 2011 – Thirteen
 2013 – Super Collider
 2013 – Countdown to Extinction: Live (live)

Con i Act of Defiance
 2015 – Birth and the Burial

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Membri dei Megadeth

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A young couple from a Baltic state have been successful in their claims following initial advice from Cardiff Employment Litigant in Person Scheme (ELIPS). The success for Cardiff ELIPS was the first modern slavery case in Wales to be heard at Cardiff Employment Tribunal.
The couple who worked in excess of 100 hours per week at a chip shop in south Wales had never received their wages. They rarely left the premises due to the hours they worked, spent winter living in a flat above the shop without beds, cracked windows and no heating. The owner of the business kept telling them he would pay them once the shop started to make a profit, whilst each week he took vast sums from the till; they received nothing and were treated like slaves.
After almost 3 months without pay, a dispute arose over the condition of the flat they lived in. When the owner threatened to evict the couple they left the property and began a claim in the Employment Tribunal.
They received advice under the ELIPS scheme from employment specialist Solicitor Nathan Vidini who, with assistance from the Tribunal, recognised the case fell under the Modern Day Slavery Act 2015. Without this, they would not have been able to continue in their claims.
Accepting the case on a pro bono basis, Nathan and a barrister (George Pollitt of Iscoed Chambers) successfully represented the couple at a Tribunal hearing where they were awarded a substantial amount for loss of earnings and injury to feelings.
The ELIPS scheme in Cardiff operates on the 3rd Friday of every month for unrepresented parties to an employment dispute and provides on the day representation (for simple, one day or shorter hearings) and advice on claims already issued.
You can find out more about the ELIPS scheme, including volunteering opportunities on the Employment Lawyers Association website or by contacting the ELIPS.


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Schriek is een naam die gegeven werd/wordt aan twee vogelsoorten uit de familie rallen: de kwartelkoning en de waterral. Het wordt ook veel gebruikt als toponiem en komt af en toe voor als familienaam. De betekenis van de toponiem is onzeker, maar waarschijnlijk "bocht".

Plaatsen:
 Schriek (Heist-op-den-Berg) (Heist-op-den-Berg, Antwerpen)
 Schrieken (Beerse, Antwerpen)

Personen:
 Piet Schriek, Nederlands CDA-politicus
 Jaap Schrieke (1884-1976), Nederlands secretaris-generaal van het departement van Justitie
 Bep Schrieke (1890-1945), hoogleraar volkenkunde en Indonesiëkundige

Zie ook
 Schriek's Koekfabriek (Oosterhout, Noord-Brabant)


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Investigation on pyroelectric ceramic temperature sensors for energy system applications
Rashedul Hasan Sarker MD., University of Texas at El Paso
Temperature monitoring for energy generation systems plays an important role for control of overall safety and efficiency. To operate the energy system at optimum operating conditions, it is important to measure the real time temperature. Furthermore, harsh environment temperature sensing is desired since most sensors in energy systems are exposed to high temperature, high pressure, and corrosive environments. There is an increasing demand of wireless sensor networks and major interest in energy system applications for harsh environment and remote sensing applications. For this study, LiNbO3 and Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) pyroelectric ceramic materials were used to develop temperature with wired and wireless connection respectively. Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) has high Curie temperature (1210 °C), thus making it promising to be use as a sensor material for high temperature applications. A study was performed to actively measure the temperature up to 500 °C using a pyroelectric ceramic lithium niobate (LiNbO3) as a sensor material. Different operating conditions were applied to the LiNbO3 sample sensor including cyclic heating and cooling, low rate of temperature change, high rate of temperature change at low temperature ranges (<100 >°C). For cyclic heating and cooling 2 mm and 1 mm thick LiNbO3 sensors have shown 8 % and 6.7 % deviation respectively. For low and high rate of temperature changes with time, the LiNbO3 sensor measured the temperature with 2% and 4% deviation, respectively. The LiNbO3 sensor was also tested at high temperatures. Before high temperature measurement testing, the temperature dependent pyroelectric coefficient of LiNbO3 was measured with a dynamic pyroelectric coefficient technique for different temperature ranges up to 500 °C. Temperature dependent pyroelectric coefficient of LiNbO3 was found to be between -8.5 x 10-5 C/m2 °C and -23.7 x 10-5 C/m2°C from room temperature to 500 °C. The LiNbO3 sample sensor was then tested for higher temperatures and measured the temperature up to 220 °C, 280 °C, 410 °C and 500 °C with 4.31 %, 2.1 %, 0.4 % and 0.6% deviation, respectively. For developing a wireless temperature sensor, PZT ceramic material was used to measure the temperature for its higher signal strength with higher pyroelectric coefficient compare to LiNbO3. An electromagnet was built with a pre-designed number of loops of wire, length, inner radius and outer radius. PZT sample was placed on top of a hot plate and it experienced maximum 0.84 °C/s rate of temperature change with time and maximum 4.59 µA current was generated by the PZT due this corresponding rate of temperature change with time. Current from the PZT was supplied to the electromagnet to generate a magnetic field. Before using the PZT sample as a sensor, the electromagnet was characterized by measuring the magnetic field with a gaussmeter from different positions of the electromagnet including at the center, at the edge, at 1.27 cm, and 1.54 cm apart from the edge of the electromagnet along its axis. The gaussmeter was able to detect the magnetic field at the center, at the edge, at 1.24 cm, and 1.54 cm apart from the edge of the electromagnet with 11 %, 0.4 %, 11 %, and 0.9 % deviation, respectively. A nickel/iron/molybdenum alloy core material was also placed inside of the electromagnet to intensify the magnetic field strength by the factor of magnetic permeability of the core material. Gaussmeter measured the magnetic field 1.54 cm apart from the edge of the electromagnet along its axis with and without core material inside of the electromagnet. It was found that the electromagnet with core material intensified the magnetic field by a factor of two compared to the electromagnet without the core material. It was also found that the core material was experiencing induced magnetic field after removing current flow through the electromagnet. As the magnetic field was used to calculate the temperature of the PZT, the induced magnetic field on the core material was not desirable. After characterizing the magnetic field detection, the PZT sample and electromagnet without core material were prepared to measure the temperature wirelessly. For the wireless temperature measurement, two different temperatures (100 °C and 120 °C) were applied to the PZT ceramic material by placing it on top of a hot plate. The generated current was measured using a picoammeter and the generated magnetic field from the electromagnet was measured with a gaussmeter probe at 0.254 cm apart from the edge of the electromagnet. For two operating conditions (100 °C and 120 °C), the PZT sample was able to measure the temperature wirelessly with maximum 7.5 % and 4.3 % deviation from the theoretical temperature, respectively.
Sarker, Rashedul Hasan MD., "Investigation on pyroelectric ceramic temperature sensors for energy system applications" (2016). ETD Collection for University of Texas, El Paso. AAI10252774.