Professional boxers have the most intense and grueling training regimen of any athlete on the planet. Boxers need to be mentally sharp as well as physically fit. Our Signature programs combine the discipline, intensity, and focus of boxing and turn it into high-interval, and functional fitness programs. We have programs designed for all levels of fitness, including kids, novices, amateurs, professionals, and those who just want to get in shape.
Practice the core fundamentals of offensive and defensive boxing. Awesome workout too!
SKILL LEVEL: NOVICE. INTERMEDIATE. ADVANCED.
Circuit style conditioning. Cardio and muscular endurance training designed for boxing.
For kids ages 6 – 12. Boxing fundamentals, conditioning work, fun and impactful.
Reserved for our club members, boxers and coaches to work at their own pace. Coaches are on staff to provide direction. Sparring sessions are monitored by USAB Certified Coaches.
A recurring 6 week group personal session focused on achieving personal conditioning and fitness goals. Includes circuit style high intense conditioning and team accountability. Diet plan included.
Every Saturday, you can come out and watch professional sparring, get your workout in, talk to coaches and boxers from boxing gyms across the region.


As an expansion of the standard C-part fastener assortment you purchase at Ferro Fast we offer the possibility to procure special products, under the name REDCIRCLE. Ferro Fast can take over the entire supply chain for these products. You deliver a drawing with specifications and quality demands to us and we will find the most suitable supplier in our extensive network. Subsequently, Ferro Fast takes care of the entire process from ordering samples to first batch production to end-of-life. This means Ferro Fast makes sure you can produce without ever having to worry about the inventory of these specials. We attach great importance to quality and have an extensive network of qualified producers in Europe as well as Asia at our disposal. Thanks to our many years of experience in global outsourcing we maintain good relationships with producers and suppliers all around the world. Personal visits and inspections apply here as important characteristics for meeting the quality demands.
The service REDCIRCLE, supply chain management for special products, can be combined with the other logistical services Ferro Fast offers: TOP SYSTEM, project orders and stock orders.
Besides expanding the assortment with specials we also offer the possibility to add branded articles to the package you purchase at Ferro Fast. You just let us know with which brand you like to work and we make sure this article will be purchased in the most cost-efficient way and delivered to your production line. Underneath, you find a selection of the brands we can offer.
An expansion of your package with brands can also be combined with the logistical services Ferro Fast offers: TOP SYSTEM, project orders and stock orders.


text:
Transylvania Regional Hospital
u A daughter, born Sunday, March 18, 2012 to Darryl Crite and Felisha Bradley of Brevard.
Emergency Notes
Henderson County fire calls
The Henderson County Fire Commission reported the following alarms between noon Saturday and noon Sunday:
u Blue Ridge, assist invalid, 12:05 p.m.; victim down, 12:15 p.m.; respiratory distress, 12:29 p.m.; auto accident, 3:03 p.m.; emergency, 6:07 p.m.; heart attack, 6:22 p.m.
u Dana, seizure, 8:30 p.m.; respiratory distress, 7:41 a.m.
u Etowah-Horse Shoe, victim down, 1:41 p.m.; smoke investigation, 10:17 p.m.; auto accident, 11:29 p.m.
u Fletcher, auto accident, 4:02 p.m.; power line, 4:31 p.m.
u Green River, auto accident, 2:41 p.m.
u Mountain Home, license check, 9:44 p.m.; victim down, 7:49 a.m.
u Saluda, heart attack, 3:30 p.m.
u Valley Hill, life line, 12:46 p.m.; stroke, 1:43 p.m.; heart attack, 2:21 p.m.; disturbance, 8:42 p.m.; assist invalid, 12:19 a.m.; smoke investigation, 7:42 a.m.; victim down, 8:21 a.m.; fire alarm, 10:30 a.m.; respiratory distress, 10:54 a.m.; structure fire, 10:55 a.m.
Hendersonville fire calls
The Hendersonville Fire Department responded to the following calls from noon Saturday to noon Sunday:
u Heart attack, 1:23 p.m.
u Victim down, 1:44 p.m.
u Public service, 9:39 p.m.
u Public service, 10:44 p.m.
u Sick call, 12:49 a.m.
Crime Report
Henderson County Sheriff
The Henderson County Sheriff's Office responded to 300 calls Saturday. Deputies served one warrant.
Hendersonville Police
The Hendersonville Police Department reported 99 calls Saturday. Officers made four arrests, investigated three accidents and provided four assists to other agencies.
The following crimes and incidents were reported Saturday, according to law enforcement records:
Henderson County Sheriff's Office
u Disturbance, Brevard Road, 3:16 a.m.
u Domestic incident, Hillifield Drive, 4:26 a.m.
u Fraud, 12:42 p.m.
u Larceny, Nettie Way, 12:49 p.m.
u ID theft, Mountain Laurel Lane, 1:20 p.m.
u Investigation, Terrys Gap Road, 2:35 p.m.
u Breaking and entering/vehicle, Gibbs Road, 3:37 p.m.
u Accident, Rutledge Road, 5:03 p.m.
u Larceny, Ducks Walk Trail, 5:50 p.m.
u Juvenile incident, 5:53 p.m.
u Breaking and entering/vehicle, Trillium Trace Drive, 6 p.m.
u Breaking and entering/residence, Huggins Road, 7:40 p.m.
u Vehicle larceny, Sourther Road, 10:08 p.m.
Hendersonville Police Department
u Larceny by employee, Ninth Avenue West, 12:22 a.m.
u Drug activity, 3:22 a.m.
u Larceny, Mitchelle Drive, 7:40 a.m.
u Larceny, Highway 225, 10:27 a.m.
u Accident, Duncan Hill Road, 11:08 a.m.
u Accident, North Highland Lake Road, 1:09 p.m.
u Accident, Sixth Avenue East, 2:30 p.m.
u Assault and Battery, Sixth Avenue East, 6:59 p.m.
u Unattended death, 8:52 p.m.
u Contributing to delinquency of a minor, 9:14 p.m.
u Assault on law enforcement officer, 10:16 p.m.
u Juvenile incident, 11:20 p.m.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Crucially, whilst the bladder lining (urothelium) is a direct target for drug interventions in bladder disease, it is also an important secondary target site for all drugs, since most are urinary-excreted in unmodified or metabolised form. Where lead drugs have caused unexpected toxicity or cancer in the bladders of experimental animals, until now there has been no suitable model in which to assess whether such effects are relevant in humans. Although useful, human established cancer-derived or immortalised cell lines are by their nature compromised in terms of their homeostatic regulation and fail to deliver any functional insight.
Kystis has created and holds an exclusive licence for the only functionally-differentiated human bladder tissue model for use in commercially-oriented contract research work. This model offers you the most functionally-differentiated human urothelium available.
Numerous attempts have been made over the last twenty five years to produce an in vitro-generated urothelium, but to date the results have borne little resemblance to functional urothelium; although urothelial cells have been cultured there is little or no stratification and differentiation into an organised functional tissue.
Kystis' model possesses the following features that are equivalent to native urothelium and not found in any other model of human urothelium.


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OROVILLE — A Camp Fire debris removal update and establishing a new Groundwater Sustainability Agency were big business at the Butte County Board of Supervisors latest meeting on Tuesday.
An update on the progress of the Alternative Fire Debris Removal Program and Work Plan was given by members of Butte County's Public Health Department, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the California Office of Emergency Services. The health department provided new information on the requirements of the plan, the review process and the timeline for turning around those reviews.
Shelby Boston, director of the county's department of Employment and Social Services, reported that there are still two sites housing Camp Fire survivors living in recreational vehicles, one at the Paradise CMA church and the other near Paradise on Lake Oroville at the Lime Saddle Campground.
Boston also announced plans to work with PG&E to utilize the parking lot at the group picnic area at DeSabla Forebay north of Magalia as a dry camping spot for survivors. Boston said they "anticipate that we'll be operational at DeSabla in the next two weeks," but voiced some concern that during the summer months, the parking lot would be extremely hot and they may need to consider another option.
Tom Graham, a deputy regional administrator with Cal OES, also presented new data to the board, and said the state service currently has more than 11,000 submitted Right of Entry forms and are now working on processing them.
Debris removals have been stalled recently by the poor weather, but site walks and assessments have continued, and when crews are able to get back to work — hopefully within the next few days — they'll be able to get a head start on further removals thanks to the ongoing assessments, he said.
Graham also reported that at least 81 of 286 properties have received the soil samples back. Cal OES has to test each debris site, looking for contaminants that may remain from the fire. After the soil samples are received, the site can go into the county's permitting process and be issued a certificate for habitation. More than 116,800 tons of debris has been removed so far, Graham said.
The city of Chico and the Durham Irrigation District brought forward a newly-reworked proposal that would jointly establish the Vina Groundwater Sustainability Agency between them and Butte County. Each entity has jurisdiction over a portion of the land and groundwater that would be included in the agency's purview.
The agreement was redrafted in October to address concerns of the Rock Creek Reclamation District, which asked to be removed from the plan. The agency must be established by January 2022 to prevent state intervention.
The board also discussed costs and penalties related to the abatement of a lien, and a special assessment on a property at 1827 Tehama Ave. in Oroville for more than $14,300.
The supervisors passed the consent agenda unanimously, which had several items pertaining to contract amendments. One was with Yuba County for environmental health services related to the Camp Fire recovery, another was with Blue Ridge Services for fire-related debris removal management. Yet another was a slight change to the contract with the California Department of Public Health for the Emergency Preparedness Program.
The board also heard an overview of the Planning Commission's recent approval of a mining permit for Franklin Construction Inc. The agenda item was brought forward by Supervisor Tami Ritter of District 3. The project site is located east of Highway 32, and would enlarge the permitted mining area from just over 8 acres to more than 12 acres, extending the life of the mine to 2043. The board will review the permit and inquire after its proper application.
The next meeting will be held at 9 a.m. March 26 in the Board of Supervisors Chambers in Oroville.


text:
fort canning park
Garden Beats Festival, Singapore, February 2020
11 December 2019 SJ
Garden Beats Festival returns to Singapore for its sixth edition in February 2020. Foals, Sabrina Claudio, and more will be performing at next year's festival. Details as follows:
festivals, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	foals, fort canning park, garden beats festival, gioli & assia, sabrina claudio, sunshine nation, ticket melon
Slipknot Live in Singapore, Indonesia & Philippines, March 2020
7 November 2019 SJ
Heavy metal band Slipknot will be performing in Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines in March 2020 on their We Are Not Your Kind World Tour. The group released their sixth studio album, We Are Not Your Kind, in August 2019.… Continue Reading →
festivals, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	amoranto stadium, ancol, crossfaith, fort canning park, hammersonic festival, jakarta, lamc productions, manila, pantai carnaval, platinumlist, pulp live world, singapore rock festival, sistic, slipknot, sm tickets, trivium
Of Monsters and Men Live in Thailand & Singapore, January 2020
23 October 2019 SJ
Icelandic indie pop band Of Monsters and Men will be bringing their Fever Dream Tour to Thailand and Singapore in January 2020. The group released their third studio album, Fever Dream, in July 2019. Details as follows:
concerts, singapore, thailand, tickets, tours, venues	bangkok, cancelled show, fort canning park, greener pastures, igo, moonstar studio, of monsters and men, the very company, ticket melon
Whitesnake & Scorpions Live in Indonesia & Singapore, March 2020
Renowned rock bands Whitesnake and Scorpions will be sharing the stage in Indonesia and Singapore this March. The British and German groups released their latest albums, Flesh & Blood and Return to Forever in May 2019 and February 2015 respectively.… Continue Reading →
festivals, indonesia, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	book my show, fort canning park, jogjarockarta, lamc productions, rajawali indonesia, scorpions, singapore rock festival, sistic, stadion kridosono, whitesnake, yogyakarta
Neon Lights Festival, Singapore, November 2019
16 July 2019 SJ
Singapore's Neon Lights Festival will return this November. Mumford & Sons, Honne, and more will be performing at this year's edition. Details as follows:
festivals, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	aurora, badbadnotgood, clean bandit, fort canning park, gus dapperton, halsey, honne, joan, king gizzard & the lizard wizard, mumford & sons, mura masa, neon lights festival, neon lights pte ltd, nick murphy, ticketflap
Cigarettes After Sex Live in Singapore & Thailand, November 2018
3 September 2018 SJ
Cigarettes After Sex will return to the region for performances in Singapore and Thailand this November. The Texan ambient pop band released their self-titled debut studio album in June 2017. Details as follows:
concerts, singapore, thailand, tickets, tours, venues	bangkok, cigarettes after sex, fort canning park, moonstar studio, neon lights festival, neon lights pte ltd, teenage dream corporation, ticket melon, ticketflap
Singapore's Neon Lights Festival will return for its third edition this November. The three-day event will feature performances by Yuna, Interpol, Rhye, and many more. Details as follows:
festivals, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	bodega, caribou, cigarettes after sex, fort canning park, interpol, neon lights festival, neon lights pte ltd, phum viphurit, rhye, riot in magenta, shame, sobs, sticky fingers, the paradise bangkok molam international band, the vaccines, ticketflap, yuna
3 May 2016 SJ
Returning for its second installment, Singapore's Neon Lights Festival will once again be a two-day affair in November. Foals and Sigur Rós are slated to perform at this year's event, with more acts to be announced. Details as follows:
festivals, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	65daysofstatic, apactix, badbadnotgood, blood orange, cashew chemists, crystal castles, disco hue, foals, fort canning park, gentle bones, george clinton & parliament/funkadelic, gold panda, jose gonzalez, linying, lucy rose, neon indian, neon lights festival, pumarosa, sbtrkt, shura, sigur rós, the sugarhill gang, the tallest man on earth, ticketflap, yuna
Walk The Moon Live in Singapore, January 2016
11 September 2015 SJ
Indie rock band Walk The Moon will return to Southeast Asia for a headlining performance in Singapore in January 2016. The quartet from Ohio released their second studio album, Talking Is Hard, in December 2014. Details as follows:
concerts, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	fort canning park, lamc productions, sistic, walk the moon
A new music and arts festival, Neon Lights Festival, will make its debut in Singapore this November. Set to include other elements such as dance, theatre and comedy, the two-day event will also feature performances from local, regional, and international… Continue Reading →
festivals, singapore, tickets, tours, venues	bennett bay, broods, chic, damien rice, daughter, eventclique, flight facilities, fort canning park, fort gate, hanging up the moon, julia holter, kiasmos, mercury rev, mocca, mogwai, mr. scruff, neon lights festival, nile rodgers, nouvelle vague, paint the sky red, ratatat, ride, shugo tokumaru, sistic, soak, songhoy blues, sun kil moon, the field, the pains of being pure at heart, unkle
The Hu Live in Malaysia, February 2020
Tom Walker Live in Malaysia, March 2020
Omar Apollo Live in Malaysia & Singapore, February & March 2020
One Love Asia Festival, Singapore, May 2020
One OK Rock Live in Thailand, Philippines, Singapore & Indonesia, April & May 2020
Lacuna Coil Live in Singapore, March 2020
Rex Orange County Live in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand & Philippines, May 2020
Foals Live in Indonesia, March 2020
Tori Kelly Live in Philippines, April 2020
Jimmy Eat World Live in Philippines & Singapore, March 2020
© 2020 More Than Good Hooks. All rights reserved.


Guarulhos Airport is the only Airport that serves the region of Sao Paulo which is in Brazil. The Airport is also called as the –Governador Andre Franco Montoro International Airport. The Airport is home for the Air Force Base that lies at the airport complex till date. We have association with numerous suppliers like Forteloc, Localiza and Sixt around the country that can guarantee you the best car rental deal on Guarulhos Airport. It is a public as well as the military Airport mainly operated by Infraero.
Guarulhos is considered as the largest city in the Sao Paulo's Brazilian state and also regarded as the 12th largest in whole Brazil. The best idea is to book a car rental deal from Guarulhos Airport and visit destinations like Tryp Guarulhos, Best Western Panamby Hotel, Bristol Dobly International Hotel, Teatro Adamastor, Bosque Maia and the Rod. Ayrton Senna da Silva. The name of the city that is "Guarulhos" is in Tupi language which in turn means the Eaters as well as the big-bellied people.


Partner with a company that offers staffing solutions tailored to your needs. Snelling.
There's a reason people choose Snelling for their staffing solutions. We listen. We care. We are connected to great companies and great talent across the nation. Isn't it time you learn about the Snelling difference?
At Snelling we provide expertise in a wide variety of industries and skill sets. From manufacturing and safe light industrial to information technology, from administrative to medical, Snelling has the expertise to craft a comprehensive solution for candidates and companies alike.
Nothing means more to us than your success – whether you are a shift manager running a production line or an individual looking for an exciting new opportunity. This is the purpose of the CUSTOM WORKFORCE SOLUTION – to fully understand the definition of success and craft the appropriate custom solution.
Snelling takes the time to understand the full scope of every position we are entrusted to fill and every candidate we place. By doing so, we make smart, strategic matches—not only from a skills and experience standpoint, but from a culture and management perspective as well. We personally interview every candidate and conduct rigorous background checks and other screenings as required. Our thorough screening process includes eVerify to ensure all Snelling employees have the legal right to work in the United States. We verify previous employment, experience and references. This uncommon level of care has made us the go-to staffing solution experts for individuals on both sides of the hiring equation.
Whether you are looking for direct hire, temp to hire, temporary or on-site staffing, trust Snelling to create custom workforce solutions designed to enhance your operational efficiency.
Finding talented, well-qualified employees who are the best long-term fit for your company requires considerable time and financial investment. Free up your internal resources and leave the search to us. Snelling has the knowledge, resources and expertise to quickly identify the best-fit candidates for your company. By engaging our staffing solutions experts, you and your colleagues can focus on other aspects of your business. Want to know more? Read Meeting Direct Hiring Needs with a Staffing Firm.
Today, there can be many strategic benefits to leveraging temporary rather than full-time employees—most notably, significant cost savings. To learn more about flexible staffing solutions, read The Cost of Temporary Staffing vs. The Cost of Full-Time Employees. Whether you need one person or an entire team of star performers, additional manpower at one location or multiple locations in several states, Snelling is your trusted resource for candidates who can hit the ground running. Snelling can even manage your flexible staffing plan to save you time and money.
Now you can boost productivity while lowering total operational costs with this turnkey, custom workforce solution. We skillfully manage all the critical components of your workforce—including employee turnover, overtime, on-boarding, safety and skills training, time keeping and payroll. Quality measurements are quantified at the onset of every engagement and continuously monitored to ensure key performance indicators are always on track. Read more about Snelling's consultative onsite staffing solutions.


text:
Гміна Волув () — місько-сільська гміна у південно-західній Польщі. Належить до Воловського повіту Нижньосілезького воєводства.

Станом на 31 грудня 2011 у гміні проживало 22905 осіб.

Площа
Згідно з даними за 2007 рік площа гміни становила 331.06 км², у тому числі:
 орні землі: 50.00%
 ліси: 40.00%

Таким чином, площа гміни становить 49.05% площі повіту.

Населення
Станом на 31 грудня 2011:

Сусідні гміни
Гміна Волув межує з такими гмінами: Бжеґ-Дольни, Мальчице, Оборники-Шльонські, Проховіце, Прусіце, Шцинава, Шрода-Шльонська, Вінсько.

Примітки

Волув
Волув

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"We are listening to that cat."
You dont need the "to" ("do") in this sentence when translated to Polish?
Not only you don't need it, using it would deprive the sentence of any sense. In Polish you 'listen something/someone', not 'listen to'. Just like you hear something and not 'to something' (in Polish as well).
And this something/someone is in Genitive.
Hi, I thought tamta Kota for that Cat .When do you use tamta rather than tam tego.
"tamta" is feminine, and the basic word for "cat" (kot) is masculine.
"słuchać" (to listen to) takes Genitive, Genitive for "tamten kot" (that cat) is "tamtego kota".
"kotki" (from "kotka") is a female cat. It's on the list of accepted answers, although it isn't taught.
Duolingo usually doesn't seem to care about the difference between 'this' and 'that', but in this case, 'my słuchamy tego kota' was not accepted.
It's not that we don't care about the difference (for example, the main answer should always correspond exactly, this=ten and that=tamten), but the way those work in English and in Polish are just different. Yeah, 'tego' should have worked, added.


text:
Q: Fetching markers from controller to refresh map with gmaps4rails I have an app with multiple marker in a Rails3 application using gmaps4rails.
The map is loaded initially with all the markers but I have a filter fields on the page which I would like the user to filter different things which are stored in the db for the markers.
How to I trigger the map to call the controller with the parameters which would return a new json object, which I would then put in Gmaps4Rails.replaceMarkers function?
I'm using JQuery so it would probably be best to trigger this behavior from Jquery code.
Regards,
Johann

A: Why don't you just set a event listener to those filter fields (or in a submit button), that then calls your_controller at the server via AJAX?
$("#yourSubmitButton").click(function() {
  $.getJSON('/get_markers.json', { filter: "value" }, function(json) {
    Gmaps.map.serviceObject.replaceMarkers(json);
  });
});

Didn't test the code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
All posts tagged MICHAEL SCHENKER
Ronnie Romero & Loudness Akira Takasaki To Guest On New Michael Schenker Fest Album
Posted in: Int. News, News.	Tagged: 'Michael Schenker Fest', 'The Metal Voice', Loudness Akira Takasaki, MICHAEL SCHENKER, Ronnie Romero.	Leave a comment
Jimmy Kay from Canada's The Metal Voice recently spoke to legendary guitarist Michael Schenker. Schenker spoke about his upcoming new Michael Schenker Fest studio album the musical direction and guests, the second leg of the tour that is beginning in April 2019, the sad passing of his drummer Ted Mckenna and comments on his and his brother Rudolf relationship.
Watch the interview here:
When asked about the sad passing of drummer Ted Mckenna
"Our dear friend and great drummer Robert McKenna had passed away on the 19th of January this year. So as you know we were in the middle of recording our second album and getting ready for the tour. I mean, it was as unbelievable shock for us. It just shows you, you never know what's gonna happen next, it's just unbelievable but I'm sure he is watching and wants us to carry on rocking. I went to his funeral on the 19th of February, very sad, great loss, thank you for everything Ted. So now we have drummer Simon Phillips who helped us and recorded ten songs off our new album and Bodo Schopf will also be joining us on tour as a permanent drummer. We might even end up playing with two drummers in the future at some places maybe. Simon did a fantastic job on the new album which will be released on the 23rd of August and Bodo also played 3 songs on the album and did a fantastic job. "
When asked about the musical direction of the new album and if it is completed
"I actually have just got the master right now, so basically if I approve the master today and if I don't make any corrections it's done. After the first album Graham Bonnet said I want to write my own lyrics and do my own vocals and so he did and he did a fantastic job, incredible. That alone gives the album a kind of new flavor. Robin McAuley will do his own songs and of course Gary Barden will too. It's a continuation of the first album. "
When asked if there will be any news guests on the new album
"Yes, I don't know how much I can say but on the 23rd of August we have some really cool surprises coming up. On Michael Voss wrote 4 song that was supposed to be used as the all singer songs but only used three, he then had this idea to have Ronnie Romero to sing on the 4th song, who he worked with before and who sings for Ritchie Blackmore and it turned out fantastic, incredibles. It's Called, We Are The Voice.' I also wanted to put a Japanese guitarist on our Japanese album bonus track for Japan. So I chose the guitarist of Loudness Akira Takasaki he is jamming on one part of the song. "
When asked what would it take to make peace with his brother Rudolf
"It has nothing do with peace Rudolf is dangerous for me I have to stay away from him, it's the only thing I can do, he's a bully and he takes advantage of his little brother.
What do you do if you have a bully on your back? The best you can do is stay away I have no bad feelings or anything for Rudolf god bless him do what you do. I don't need to put myself into a vulnerable situation and that's what I would do if I would connect with him, it would just be the more of the same bullshit, more off the same ripoff, He's a charming person he achieves everything with charm but I'm an artist so whatever. So the best thing for me is to leave him alone and I am better off. "
MICHAEL SCHENKER GROUP vocalists Gary Barden and Graham Bonnet, Doogie White, plus Robin McAuley of the MCAULEY SCHENKER GROUP
MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST will kick off its U.S. tour on April 15 at the Whisky A Go Go in West Hollywood, California. The trek will include performances in Vancouver, Chicago, and New York before concluding on May 18 in Austin.
MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST Currently Working On Second Album + Announcing New Drummer
Posted by tarjavirmakari on February 16, 2019
Posted in: Int. News, News.	Tagged: MICHAEL SCHENKER.	Leave a comment
Following the release of their successful first album "Resurrection", MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST is currently recording their second album, co-produced by Michael Schenker & Michael Voss, which is tentatively scheduled to be released in August.
The news is bittersweet as the band recently mourned the passing of beloved MSF drummer Ted Mckenna.
Michael comments, "We are totally heartbroken to hear about Ted McKenna – our amazing drummer and dearest friend – passing away. It's a massive shock and a huge loss to lose Ted so suddenly. He always had a smile on his face and was one of the most sincerely genuine people you could ever have the pleasure of meeting. One of the great rock drummers, he always played from the heart and his heart was music. Rest in peace Ted, we will miss you."
Today, the band also announced they will be welcoming back Simon Philipps and Bodo Schopf – who each played drums in MSG – to the MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST line-up. Simon who played on the MSG debut album will return as the main drummer on the upcoming second album. Due to his schedule, he is unable to be the live drummer for the upcoming US tour. This role will be completed by Bodo Schopf, who played on "Perfect Timing" and "Save Yourself". With the sudden passing of Ted Mckenna, Bodo will be featured on the upcoming record but in a smaller role as he had the important job of preparing for the US tour.
Michael states, "We are very grateful to Bodo for being a team player and working out with Simon what needs to be done in order for us to continue as smooth as possible and also to Simon for helping us to make it all possible. Bodo is the perfect choice to continue as the permanent drummer for Michael Schenker Fest. It is a perfect balance between the musicians from the past. It includes everything as a family to continue MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST."
Bodo comments, ". I am very sorry that Ted had to leave us under these tragic circumstances and I'm proud to rock for him and all the MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST fans. RIP Ted"
Order "Resurrection" physically, here: http://nblast.de/MSFResurrection
Order "Resurrection" digitally, here: http://nblast.de/MSFResurrection
Order the 12′ single 'Warrior' here: http://nblast.de/MSFHeartAndSoul
MICHAEL SCHENKER Singer DOOGIE WHITE Recalls IRON MAIDEN '93 Audition
Posted in: Int. News.	Tagged: 'The Metal Voice', Doogie White, Iron Maiden, MICHAEL SCHENKER, Rainbow, Yngwie Malmsteen.	Leave a comment
Jimmy Kay from The Metal Voice recently interviewed Michael Schenker singer Doogie White (Yngwie Malmsteen, Tank, Rainbow). Doogie spoke about the new album by Michael Schenker Fest, Resurrection, his audition with Iron Maiden in 1993 and his time in Rainbow and Yngwie Malmsteen.
When asked about his time in Yngwie Malmsteen and the songs he enjoyed recording
"With Yngwie it was different cause I had no heart and soul really in it, it was more about the performances live because Yngwie wrote everything. He gave me all the lines and everything to do. I liked 'Razor Eater', I like 'Rise up' very much cause it had the energy live."
When asked about the concept of the Michael Schenker Fest on record and on tour
"It was an exciting album to do it's an exciting concept I think it was very brave of Michael Schenker to put something like this together and to be invited to enter the party . There is lots of friendly competition between the singers although they won't admit it. Everybody has raised the game, everybody is at the top of their game and it's a great live rock and roll show and that makes it exciting for the audience. Some people have the new album cause it only came out the day we started so it's gradually picking up momentum."
When asked about his 1993 Audition with Iron Maiden to replace Bruce Dickinson
"I had sent a tape in to Iron Maiden. Dickie Dell who was the production manager was at my door and he said what are you doing, I said I am going to Scotland, he said no you are not you have an audition with Iron Maiden Monday. So Dickie Bell gave me a cassette and a letter with the lyrics I think it had about 18 songs on it, mostly from the albums 'A Real Live One' and 'A Real Dead One'. Dickie picked me up and dropped me off at Steve Harris' place. "
"The band was set up in a circle with Nicko Mcbrain in back of me and we ran through the songs and had a cup of tea and I had a chat with Steve and I went away and that was it. We played tracks like , Be quick or Be dead, From here to Eternity, The Evil that men do and then the classics like Run to the Hills. Steve had a definite idea on where he wanted to take the band, Steve called me up a couple of weeks later and said we are giving the job to Blaze. Blaze is great he is the hardest working man in Rock and Roll and he always delivers. Steve wanted something different for the band. the easy route for Steve would have been to go get a clone from a tribute band but Steve didn't he took a brave step and they did two great albums. but really normal services have been resumed. Even if i got the gig it would have ended up the same."
MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST To Tour North America
Posted by tarjavirmakari on February 4, 2018
Posted in: Int. News.	Tagged: "Resurrection", 'Michael Schenker Fest', MICHAEL SCHENKER.	Leave a comment
Few rock guitarists have proven to be as influential and enduring as the great Michael Schenker. And March will be a busy month for Schenker, as he will be issuing his latest album on the 2nd, 'Resurrection', as well as launching a North American tour in support of it – kicking off on the 6th at the Fillmore in Silver Springs, MD, and wrapping up on April 3rd at the Ritz in Tampa, FL.
And what makes this tour truly unique is that it is being billed as "Michael Schenker Fest", and will be featuring three classic Michael Schenker Group vocalists (Gary Barden, Graham Bonnet, and Robin McAuley), plus the singer of Michael Schenker's Temple of Rock (Doogie White). And in addition to Schenker supplying guitar, he will be joined by second guitarist/keyboardist Steve Mann, bassist Chris Glen, and drummer Ted McKenna. Meet and greet packages are also available for purchase via michaelschenkerfest.com.
First bursting on the scene in the early '70s with the Scorpions, the German guitarist and his seemingly always present Flying V were also a crucial reason in UFO becoming one of the world's top rock bands that same decade (on the strength of such classic recordings as 1977's Lights Out, 1978's Obsession, and 1979's Strangers in the Night), as well as supplying guitar on a Scorpions album that made important inroads into the American market (1979's Lovedrive). But since 1980, Schenker has been best known for his work with MSG – including such further classic recordings as 1980's self-titled debut (featuring Barden), 1982's Assault Attack (featuring Bonnet), and 1987's Perfect Timing (featuring McAuley).
And soon, lucky North American fans will get the chance to experience all eras of MSG, on a nearby concert stage!
MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST NORTH AMERICAN TOUR DATES:
03/06/2018 The Fillmore – Silver Springs, MD
03/07/2018 Carnegie Music Hall – Munhall, PA
03/09/2018 Berklee Performance Center – Boston, MA
03/10/2018 Irving Plaza – New York, NY
03/11/2018 Theatre of Living Arts – Philadelphia, PA
03/12/2018 Club Soda – Montreal, QC CANADA
03/14/2018 Royal Oak Music Theatre – Detroit, MI
03/16/2018 Agora Theatre – Cleveland, OH
03/17/2018 Concord Music Hall – Chicago, IL
03/18/2018 Pabst Theater – Milwaukee, WI
03/19/2018 Cabooze – Minneapolis, MN
03/22/2018 Neptune – Theatre Seattle, WA
03/24/2018 Events Center – San Jose, CA
03/25/2018 The Grove – Anaheim, CA
03/26/2018 Marquee Theatre – Tempe, AZ
03/27/2018 House of Blues – Las Vegas, NV
03/29/2018 Cervantes Ballroom – Denver, CO
03/31/2018 Vibes Event Center – San Antonio, TX
04/01/2018 Bomb Factory – Dallas, TX
04/03/2018 The Ritz – Tampa, FL
Michael Schenker Invites Phil Mogg UFO & Klaus Meine SCORPIONS To Join Schenker Fest
Posted by tarjavirmakari on January 21, 2018
Posted in: Int. News.	Tagged: 'The Metal Voice', Jimmy Kay, MICHAEL SCHENKER.	Leave a comment
Jimmy Kay from Canada's The Metal Voice spoke to guitar legend Michael Schenker (UFO, Scorpions, MSG). Schenker spoke about his new Album, Michael Schenker Fest 'Resurrection' featuring 4 singers of his past Gary Barden, Graham Bonnet and Robin McAuley and Doogie White. with guest appearances by METALLICA's Kirk Hammett and Wayne Findlay , which will be available March 2 2018 on Nuclear Blast.
Schenker also spoke about how his brother Rudolf Schenker from the Scorpions has mistreating him and explains Graham Bonnet departure from the band during the Assault Attack era after exposing his penis on stage
When asked about the idea to do a Michael Schenker Fest Album featuring all four singers from his different eras
"I had the idea of getting all these different lineups that I created over the years putting it all together and creating something very powerful. We have four singers, four completely different voices on one album. For the hard core fans it must be amazing to time travel and go from 1980 to today and hear these different voices. For myself I find it very entertaining especially hearing songs where they all sing together like the song Warrior."
When asked about Graham Bonnet's firing during the Assault Attack era, when Bonnet exposed his penis on stage
"I didn't fire him. I really never fired anybody. With Graham it was the most unusual thing that ever happened in my life. We made a great record which became a musicians favorite, with a fantastic rhythm section and a fantastic vocalist a great chemistry. We were on stage in Sheffield, England starting our set and 15 minuted into the set I'm playing a solo and when I look to the center of the stage Graham was gone. Apparently he exposed himself . I don't know what happened and I never tried to find out why he was gone and we had a Reading Festival coming up and so we asked Gary Barden if he could come back. " (Bonnet has told The Metal Voice he was fired by Management )
When asked if he would ever reunite with UFO?
"Maybe Phil Mogg would be available in singing a few songs off 'Strangers in the night' with the Michael Schenker Fest for the 30 year anniversary of the album on some festivals. And maybe Klaus Meine from the Scorpions would consider at some point showing up at the Schenker Fest in 2019 singing my first ever written song 'In Search of Pieces of Mind' off the Lonesome Crow Scorpions album. "
When asked if he was still upset at his brother Rudolf Schenker after the re-release box set of the Scorpions Lovedrive album
"My brother is a cheat. I stay away from him. Disrespectful disgracefully and let him be who he wants to be . I just cant trust him and I just stay away from him as far as I can because he rips me off whenever he can. He copied everything I did . If he wants some goodness to come out of it he has to clean his side of the street that's up to him. Klaus Meine (Scorpions) is pure soul he is the only artist in the band, he is carrying the whole Scorpions. My sister said to me Rudolf is a greedy Wanker it raised concern and when they approached me with a 2015 Scorpions re-issue of Lovedrive and presented a completely false bio for the album I was very disappointed. The lied about everything. I was the one who helped them out and opened the doors for America for the Scorpions. It wasn't therm helping me. I had a contract for Lovedrive as a six member of the band, there should have been a picture in there of me, they should have mentioned I wrote the intro to Holiday and the song Coast to Coast which I gave him my writing credits to Rudolf. Why does Rudolf play a Black and white guitar why does he dye his hair white? Rudolf was pretending to be me. Do you think Rudolf gives anybody his share in songwriting ? Rudolf Schenker is a desperate wanna be who rips his brother off. Rudolf cannot play guitar believe me."
MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST: Release Video And First Single; Album Announcement
Posted by aliblackdiamond on December 1, 2017
Posted in: Int. News.	Tagged: "Resurrection", "Warrior", 'Michael Schenker Fest', MICHAEL SCHENKER, Nuclear Blast.	Leave a comment
Michael Schenker is one of the most significant rock guitarists in the history of music. He has mesmerised the rock community since the 70's with his characteristic guitar play and constructed himself a monument during his time in UFO by writing hits like 'Doctor Doctor' and 'Rock Bottom', as well as SCORPIONS classics such as 'Lovedrive', 'Coast To Coast' and 'Holiday', among others. His playing has influenced several generations of guitar players enormously.
Back in 1979, the "German Wunderkind" decided to be his own boss. He founded the MICHAEL SCHENKER GROUP aka M.S.G. and released the masterpieces "Assault Attack" and "Built To Destroy", the live legacy "One Night At Budokan" as well as the McAULEY SCHENKER GROUP pearls "Perfect Timing" and "Save Yourself". M.S.G. also became the home of great vocalists, most notably Gary Barden, Graham Bonnet (ex-RAINBOW etc.) and Robin McAuley. Those guys were also a part of the comprehensive MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST, whose celebrated Tokyo show was released as live CD, DVD and Blu-ray this March recently passed.
Now the time has come for Michael Schenker to move another step forward: he fulfils the long-awaited dream of all hard rock fans by announcing a new MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST studio album. Along with producer Michael Voss-Schoen, the band recently completed the recordings for the record, entitled "Resurrection", out on March 2, 2018, on Nuclear Blast Records. Besides Michael Schenker and the three M.S.G. singers Gary Barden, Graham Bonnet and Robin McAuley, you can also hear Doogie White (Michael Schenker's TEMPLE OF ROCK) as well as musicians Steve Mann (guitars, keyboards), Ted McKenna (drums) and Chris Glen (bass). In addition, there are also some guest appearances from Kirk Hammett, Wayne Findlay and Michael Voss-Schoen included.
Today, the band releases their new digital single 'Warrior' as well as a video including some impressions of the studio recording process. Watch this clip, here:
Get 'Warrior' digitally, here.
'Warrior' is one of two album tracks on which all of the four lead singers appear. It was composed by Michael Schenker, the lyrics were written by Michael Voss-Schoen.
"When Michael Voss-Schoen showed me his lyrical and vocals ideas, it instantly came to my mind that all four singers should be involved", Michael Schenker looks back and adds: "I'm really fascinated by the result. It's really interesting how the different voices complement each other. 'Warrior' is really heavy but at the same time ear-friendly and catchy!"
"Michael Schenker played the basic riff of the track to me and I immediately had the expression 'Warrior' pop into my mind. On the next day, the first raw version of the song was created; my vision was to let the four voices sound like the four musketeers!" comments Michael Voss-Schoen.
MICHAEL SCHENKER FEST – Tour Dates 2018:
featuring 3 original M.S.G. singers Gary Barden, Graham Bonnet and Robin McAuley plus Doogie White (ex-RAINBOW, Michael Schenker's TEMPLE OF ROCK)
03/06 USA Silver Springs, MD – The Fillmore
03/07 USA Pittsburgh, PA – Carnegie Music Hall
03/09 USA Boston, MA – Berklee Performance Center
03/10 USA New York, NY – Irving Plaza
03/11 USA Philadelphia, PA – Theatre of Living Arts
03/12 CDN Montreal, QC – Club Soda
03/14 USA Detroit, MI – Royal Oak Music Theatre
03/16 USA Cleveland, OH – Agora Theatre
03/17 USA Chicago, IL – Concord Music Hall
03/18 USA Milwaukee, WI – Pabst Theater
03/19 USA Minneapolis, MN – Cabooze
03/22 USA Seattle, WA – Neptune Theatre
03/24 USA San Jose, CA – Events Center
03/25 USA Anaheim, CA – The Grove
03/26 USA Phoenix, AZ – Marquee Theatre
03/27 USA Las Vegas, NV – House of Blues
03/29 USA Denver, CO – Cervantes Ballroom
03/31 USA San Antonio, TX – Vibes Event Center
04/01 USA Dallas, TX – Bomb Factory
04/03 USA Tampa, FL – The Ritz
Meet & Greets: www.michaelschenkerfest.com
www.michaelschenkerhimself.com
www.facebook.com/michaelschenkerrocks
www.twitter.com/MW_Schenker
www.nuclearblast.de/michaelschenkerfest


Cory Gunz took us behind the scenes of one of his studio sessions while working on some new tunes.
Zaya dropped a new track called "Brand New Money" featuring Young Money's Cory Gunz. The track is produced by 808 Mafia and you can listen below.


Kieren Seymour (b. London, UK) is based in Melbourne, Australia. Since 2012, he has explored the relationship between photography, performance–video, sculpture, and drawing. In this process it has become clear that 'the image', specifically photography, is central to his work.


Delivering industry-relevant, online training that allows you to fit your learning into your lifestyle. Whether you are a new learner to lettings and management and want to learn the basics or you want to enhance your knowledge through a recognised award or qualification, the NALS Professional Development Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) will meet your requirements.
What can NALS VLE deliver for employers?
Encouraging your staff to gain an award or qualification or undertake training can improve their motivation and performance providing them with the practical techniques to help them deal with the day to day issues they face in their job role. Gaining an award or qualification can be used as a benchmark of achievement and enable them to become better skilled, efficient and effective in their role.
What can NALS VLE deliver for staff?
You can ensure that your knowledge is current and relevant to your role in the lettings and management sector. NALS online training allows you the option to choose when and where you complete the training.
What training does NALS Professional Development offer?
We have just released our newest qualification in letting and property management; just like our Foundation qualifications, the Level 3 is also accredited by awarding organisation NCFE. Candidates who successfully complete the Level 3 will receive an NCFE certificate, and if they are employed by a NALS member firm, can use the designation "NALS Qualified". This course is for those agents operating in England only.
These are fully accredited online qualifications comprising a number of learning activities assessed via online tests. The learner must score a minimum of 70% or more on each of the tests to pass the award. Completion of the qualification allows you to use the designation "NALS Qualified" if you work in a NALS registered firm.
NALS Foundation Lettings Course (Wales) is an Approved Agent Training Course certified by the regulator in Wales; Rent Smart Wales. The qualification meets the Rent Smart Wales training requirement for agents to become licensed. In a recent audit of the course by Rent Smart Wales, NALS achieved a 'high assurance' rating.
NALS is offering online training for Scottish agents to become compliant with new rules which came into force on 31 January 2018. It is now compulsory for lettings and property management agents operating in Scotland to belong to a new register of letting agents. Key individuals in each agency in a supervisory role must meet a minimum level of training. Those who have to be qualified as part of the registration process must have a relevant qualification covering essential aspects of letting agency work. Agents have until 30 September 2018 to become compliant.
The Scottish Government has determined that this course meets the qualification requirement for agents wishing to apply to the Register. The qualification comprises of three modules, each with a test at the end, and a final test. The qualification is accredited by NCFE, a national Awarding Organisation. Candidates who successfully complete the course will be awarded an NCFE certificate.
Each LLS has a test element where you must score a minimum of 70% or more to pass. We have currently 46 LLS and you can choose those most suitable for your role.
These are online courses taking around one hour to complete, each CPD course has a test element where you must score a minimum of 70% or more to pass.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Zebra patterns (zebras) are fine  IV radio-burst type
structures, observed during solar flares in the dm- and m-wavelength ranges
\citep{1972SoPh...25..210S, 2012A&A...538A..53C}. They are considered to be an
important source of information about the plasma density and intensity of the
magnetic field in their sources.

There are many zebra models \citep{1972SoPh...25..188R,
1975PhDT.........1K, 1975SoPh...44..461Z, 1976SvA....20..449C,
1990SoPh..130...75C, 2003ApJ...593.1195L, 2007SoPh..241..127K,
2006A&A...450..359B, 2006SoPh..233..129L, 2009PlPhR..35..160L,
2010Ap&SS.325..251T, 2013A&A...552A..90K}. The most promising one is based on
the double plasma resonance instability of the plasma, together with
loss-cone type electron distribution function \citep{1975SoPh...44..461Z,
2013SoPh..284..579Z}. In this model, the upper-hybrid waves are
 first generated, then transformed to electromagnetic (radio) waves
with the same (fundamental branch) or double frequency (harmonic branch) as the
upper-hybrid waves. This model has with simple resonance condition
\begin{equation}
\omega_\mathrm{UH} \approx s \omega_\mathrm{B},
\label{eq00}
\end{equation}
where  $\omega_\mathrm{UH} = \sqrt{\omega_\mathrm{p}^2  + \omega_\mathrm{B}^2}$
is the upper-hybrid frequency of the background plasma, $\omega_\mathrm{p}$ and
$\omega_\mathrm{B}$ are electron-plasma and electron-cyclotron frequencies and
$s$ is a integer harmonic number, is used for estimations of the magnetic field
strength and electron plasma density in zebra radio sources
\citep{2001SoPh..202...71L,2013SoPh..284..579Z,2015A&A...581A.115K}. However,
this resonance condition is only valid in the zero-temperature limit. If we
want to analyse effects of temperatures on the zebra generation processes, we need
to take the resonance condition in its general form, see relation
\ref{eq13}.

In this paper we study these temperature effects in detail. It is
shown that these effects require a correction in the method used to estimate magnetic field strength in zebra radio sources, especially for zebra
stripes at high harmonics.

The paper is structured as follows: In Section 2 we present model equations
describing the double plasma resonance instability and methods of their
solution. Results are summarized in Section 3. Finally, the paper is completed
by discussions and conclusions in Sections 4 and 5.

\section{Model}

Similarly to \citet{1986ApJ...307..808W, 2004SoPh..219..289Y},
for the hot electron component we consider the DGH distribution function with
the parameter $j=1~$\citep{1965PhRvL..14..131D}
\begin{equation}
f = \frac{u_\perp^2}{2 (2\pi)^{3/2} v_\mathrm{t}^5} \exp \left(-\frac{u_\perp^2 + u_\parallel^2}{2 v_\mathrm{t}^2}\right),
\label{edory}
\end{equation}
where $u_\perp = p_\perp/m_\mathrm{e}$ and $u_\parallel =
p_\parallel/m_\mathrm{e}$ are electron velocities and $p_\perp$ and
$p_\parallel$ are components of the electron momentum perpendicular and
parallel to the magnetic field, and $m_\mathrm{e}$ is the electron mass. For
simplification and in agreement with \citet{1986ApJ...307..808W}, we call
$v_\mathrm{t}$ here the thermal velocity of hot electrons and we use the
term the temperature of hot electrons, although the distribution function in
relation~\ref{edory} is not Maxwellian.

Unlike \citet{1986ApJ...307..808W}, we included the
background plasma with non-zero temperature. Its density $n_\mathrm{b}$ is
assumed to be much greater than the density of the hot electrons
$n_\mathrm{h}$.

In agreement with the approach by \citet{1982ApJ...259..844M,
1986ApJ...307..808W, 2004SoPh..219..289Y}, we use the condition for double
plasma resonance instability in the form
\begin{equation}
    \omega_\mathrm{UH} -\frac{k_\parallel u_\parallel}{\gamma} - \frac{s \omega_\mathrm{B}}{\gamma} = 0,
\label{eq13}
\end{equation}
where  $\omega_\mathrm{UH} = \sqrt{\omega_\mathrm{p}^2  + \omega_\mathrm{B}^2 +
3 k^2 v_\mathrm{tb}^2}$ is the upper-hybrid frequency of the background plasma,
where the temperature effect is included, $v_\mathrm{tb}$ is the thermal
velocity of the background plasma, $\gamma = \sqrt{1 + u^2 / c^2}$ is the
Lorentz factor, $k$ is the absolute value of the wave number vector. Its componets
 $k_\parallel$ and $k_\perp$ are in parallel and perpendicular
directions to the magnetic field.

Then, starting from the basic equations presented in \citet{1986ApJ...307..808W,
2004SoPh..219..289Y}, we derived the relation for the growth rate
$\Gamma_\mathrm{UH}$ of the upper-hybrid waves as
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq1}
    \frac{\Gamma_\mathrm{UH}}{\omega_\mathrm{B} n_\mathrm{h}} &=& \frac{\pi^{2} e^{2}}{\omega_\mathrm{B}^{2} m_\mathrm{e} \sqrt{r_\mathrm{pB}^{2} + 1} } \sum_s  \int_0^{u_{\perp,\mathrm{max}}} (h^+ + h^-) du_{\perp}, \\
    \label{eq2}
    h^{\pm} &=& \frac{s^{2} G^{\pm} e^{-\frac{1}{2 v_\mathrm{t}^2} \left( u_\parallel^{\pm 2} + u_\perp^{2} \right)
} J^{2}_{s}\left(\frac{\sqrt{\lambda} u_\perp}{v_\mathrm{t}}\right)}{2\sqrt{2\pi} \lambda  f^{\pm} v_\mathrm{t}^{5} \left(u_\parallel^{\pm 2} + u_\perp^{2} + 1\right)}, \\
    \label{eq3}
    f^{\pm} &=& \frac{s u_\parallel^{\pm} - \frac{u_\perp^{2} + 1}{\sigma v_\mathrm{t}}}{\left(u_\parallel^{\pm2} + u_\perp^{2} + 1\right)^{3/2}}, \\
    \label{eq4}
    u_{\parallel}^{\pm} &=&
\frac{1}{\beta} \left(\sigma s v_\mathrm{t} \mp \sqrt{\beta + 1} \sqrt{- \beta \left(u_\perp^{2
} + 1\right) + \sigma^{2} s^{2} v_\mathrm{t}^{2}}\right),\\
    \label{eq5}
    \beta &=& -1 + v_\mathrm{t}^2 \sigma^2 (1+r_\mathrm{pB}^2) + 3v_\mathrm{tb}^2(1+\lambda \sigma^2),
\end{eqnarray}
where $n_\mathrm{h}$ is the hot electron density, $e$ is the electron
charge, $r_\mathrm{pB}$ is the ratio $\omega_\mathrm{p}/\omega_\mathrm{B}$,
$J_s(x)$ is the Bessel function of first kind of $s$-th order and $\lambda,
\sigma$ are dimensionless parameters
\begin{equation}\label{eq6}
    k_\perp = \sqrt{\lambda} \frac{\omega_\mathrm{B}}{v_\mathrm{t}}, \qquad k_\parallel = \frac{\omega_\mathrm{B}}{\sigma v_\mathrm{t}},
\end{equation}
and $G^{\pm}$ are functions
\begin{eqnarray} \label{eq6a}
G^{\pm} &=& g_1 + g_2^{\pm}, \\
g_1 &=& s \left(- u_\perp^{3} + 2 u_\perp v_\mathrm{t}^{2}\right), \\
g_2^{\pm} &=& \frac{u_{\perp}^3 u_{\parallel}^{\pm}}{ s v_t\sqrt{u_\parallel^{\pm2} + u_\perp^{2} + 1 }  }.
\end{eqnarray}
The term $g_2^{\pm}$ comes from original relation of derivation distribution
function of hot electrons $(k_\parallel u_\perp \partial f / \partial
u_\parallel) / \gamma $ (\citet{1986ApJ...307..808W}, Equation A8). As shown below, this term is negligible, and thus in our computations we use
$G^{\pm} = g_1$.

The sum $h^+ + h^-$ expresses a simultaneous effect of the
both operators $h^+, h^-$ on one upper-hybrid wave described by the specific
k-vector. In our computations we used both operators, but we found that term $h^-$ was always at least two orders lower than $h^+$ and the typical difference was ten orders.

 Equations \ref{eq1}-\ref{eq5} are valid for $k_\perp \gg k_\parallel$, see
\citet{1986ApJ...307..808W}. We note that comparing these relations with those in
the paper by \citet{2004SoPh..219..289Y} the growth rate (relation~\ref{eq2},
$G^{\pm}=g_1$) is proportional to $s^3$, not to $s^2$.

The integration is done for velocities up to their maxima
\begin{equation}\label{eq7}
u_{\perp, \mathrm{max}} = \frac{\sqrt{-1 + (1+r_\mathrm{pB}^2 - s^2) v_\mathrm{t}^2 \sigma^2 + 3 v_\mathrm{tb}^2 (1 + \lambda \sigma^2)}}{ \sqrt{1- (1+r_\mathrm{pB}^2) v_\mathrm{t}^2 \sigma^2 - 3 v_\mathrm{tb}^2 (1 + \lambda \sigma^2)}},
\end{equation}
from which we get the followning conditions for maximal and minimal value of $\lambda$ and $\sigma$ (expressions under root in previous equations equal zero):
\begin{eqnarray}
    \label{eq8}
    \sigma_\mathrm{max}(v_\mathrm{t}, v_\mathrm{tb}, s, \lambda) &=& \frac{\sqrt{1 - 3 v_\mathrm{t}^2}}{\sqrt{(1+r_\mathrm{pB}^2 - s^2) v_\mathrm{t}^2 + 3 v_\mathrm{tb}^2 \lambda}}, \\
    \label{eq9}
    \sigma_\mathrm{min}(v_\mathrm{t}, v_\mathrm{tb}, s, \lambda) &=& \frac{\sqrt{1 - 3 v_\mathrm{t}^2}}{\sqrt{(1+r_\mathrm{pB}^2) v_\mathrm{t}^2 + 3 v_\mathrm{tb}^2 \lambda}}, \\
    \label{eq10}
    \lambda_\mathrm{min}(v_\mathrm{t}, v_\mathrm{tb}, s) &=& \frac{(-1 - r_\mathrm{pB}^2 + s^2)v_\mathrm{t}^2}{3 v_\mathrm{tb}^2}.
\end{eqnarray}

For the comparison below, we add values of $\sigma$ and $\lambda $ for the
maximal growth rate as follows from analytical estimations made by
\citet{1986ApJ...307..808W}
\begin{eqnarray}
    \label{eq11}
    \sigma_{\Gamma_\mathrm{max}} &=& \frac{1}{\sqrt{2(r_\mathrm{pB}^2 + 1) }v_\mathrm{t}^2}, \\
    \label{eq12}
    \lambda_{\Gamma_\mathrm{max}} &=& \frac{s^2}{2},
\end{eqnarray}
when we suppose $u_{\perp,\mathrm{max}} = \sqrt{2}v_\mathrm{t}$.

\subsection{Methods}
\iffalse
\fi
We used Python SympPy\footnote{http://www.sympy.org} library for analytical
application and Python SciPy\footnote{http://www.scipy.org} library for
numerical computations of growth rate equations
\ref{eq1}-\ref{eq5},\ref{eq7}-\ref{eq10}.

Generally, the analytical expressions for the growth rate (relations
\ref{eq1}-\ref{eq5}) depend on $v_\mathrm{t}$, $v_\mathrm{tb}$, $\lambda$,
$\sigma$, $s$ and $r_\mathrm{pB}$. Their numerical solutions are made in
several steps as described below.

First of all is the choice of thermal velocities $v_\mathrm{t}$, $v_\mathrm{tb}$.
Then we selected the $r_\mathrm{pB}$ interval in which computations are made
and steps in this interval. We usually use the interval $r_\mathrm{pB} =
3-20$ with the step as $\Delta r_\mathrm{pB} = 0.03$.

For each value of $r_\mathrm{pB}$ we searched for $s$ which fulfill
$s=s_0-m, \ldots ,s_0+n$, where $s_0 = \mathrm{Round}(r_\mathrm{pB})$ is
the round value of $r_\mathrm{pB}$. Numbers $m,n \in \mathbb{N}$
creates the interval of $s$ for which the growth rate can be computed.
However, we limited this interval only for $s$, maximal values of
the growth rate in this interval are at least one hundredth of the maximal growth rate
for $s_0$.

Next, values of $v_\mathrm{t}$, $v_\mathrm{tb}$, $r_\mathrm{pB}$ and $s$ were
chosen, and values of remaining variables $\lambda$ and $\sigma$, which
correspond to the k-vector components of the upper-hybrid waves, need to be
specified. We chose these values in the intervals $\sigma \in
(\sigma_\mathrm{min}, \sigma_\mathrm{max})$ and $\lambda \in
(\lambda_\mathrm{min}, \lambda_\mathrm{max})$ on equidistant lattice.  If
the maximal values of $\sigma_\mathrm{max}$ and $\lambda_\mathrm{max}$ are
too large or not defined, the upper boundaries are chosen as ten times of
their minimal values. It was found to be sufficient in all cases.

Only then it is possible to compute the growth rate given by relations between \ref{eq1}-\ref{eq5}
for parameters $v_\mathrm{t}$, $v_\mathrm{tb}$ and $r_\mathrm{pB}$ for each
$s$ and in all points of the map $\lambda - \sigma$. In following step we summed
the maps in each specific ($\lambda - \sigma$)-point over $s$. Finally, in
the resulting map we searched for the point ($\lambda_{\Gamma
max},\sigma_{\Gamma max}$), where is the highest value of the growth rate,
which is then that determined for chosen $r_\mathrm{pB}$. The wave number
components of the upper-hybrid wave with the maximal growth rate is then
determined by Equation \ref{eq6}.

\section{Results}

We solved the above described equations for the parameters shown in
Table~\ref{tab1}, for $r_\mathrm{pB}=3-20$ and $B=100$~G.  In Models 1-3, we
changed background temperature while temperature of the hot electrons remains
constant. Models 4 and 5 consider higher temperatures of the hot electrons
comparing with Model 1, while the temperature of the background plasma is
fixed.

\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{Computation parameters.} \label{tab1} \centering
\begin{tabular}{ccr}
\hline\hline
Model No. & $v_\mathrm{t}$ & $v_\mathrm{tb}$ \\
\hline
1 & 0.1~c & $0.018$~c \\
2 & 0.1~c & $0.009$~c \\
3 & 0.1~c & $0$~c \\
4 & 0.2~c & $0.018$~c \\
5 & 0.3~c & $0.018$~c \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.49\textwidth]{GR-diff-distr.eps}
\caption{Example of the comparison of the growth rates computed with and without the term
$g_2^\pm$ (Equation \ref{eq2}), for Model 1 and $s=6$. We note that the growth rate at this and following figures
are normalized by the term $n_\mathrm{h} \omega_\mathrm{B}$.} \label{Fig8}
\end{figure}

First, we tested an importance of the correction term $g_2^\pm$ in
Equation~\ref{eq6a} for computation of the growth rate. An example of such
comparison  is shown in Figure \ref{Fig8}. We found that in all models
differences in values of the growth rate in models with and without this term
is less than 5~\%, and at their maxima even smaller. Thus, we consider the
effect of this term negligible and in all following computations we suppose
$g_2^\pm = 0$.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.45\textwidth]{GR-lamb-sigma1.png}\\
\includegraphics[width = 0.45\textwidth]{GR-lamb-sigma2.png}\\
\includegraphics[width = 0.45\textwidth]{GR-lamb-sigma3.png}
\caption{Growth rates  in the $\lambda - \sigma$ space: Model 1 (top), Model 4 (middle),
Model 5 (bottom); all computed for $s = 6$ and $r_\mathrm{pb}$, for which the growth rate is maximal.
In Model 1 $r_\mathrm{pb} = 5.8$, compare with Figure~\ref{Fig5}.
Black diamonds show positions of maximal values of the growth rate.}
\label{Fig2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.49\textwidth]{GR-max-sigma-pb.eps}\\
\includegraphics[width = 0.49\textwidth]{GR-max-lamb-pb.eps}
\caption{Values of $\sigma$ (top) and $\lambda$ (bottom) for Model 1 and $s=6$, where the growth rate
has the maximal value depending on $r_\mathrm{pB}$. Solid lines show values of the maximal
growth rate, dash-dotted lines are boundaries of the $\sigma - \lambda$ space. Where dash-dotted lines are not shown,
the boundaries are outside the presented region.} \label{Fig5}
\end{figure}

In computations of the growth rate in all Models (see Table \ref{tab1}) we
followed steps described in Methods. Thus, we obtained many maps in the
$\lambda - \sigma$ space, corresponding to the k-vector space. We note that the
relations between the $\lambda - \sigma$ and k-vector space is given by relation \ref{eq6}.

Examples of such maps for $s = 6$ at their maxima are shown in Figure
\ref{Fig2}. In each of these maps the maximal growth rate is indicated. Then we summed the maps over $s$ and in the resulting map we
searched for the maximal growth rate. This growth rate then corresponds to one
point of the curve in Figure \ref{Fig1}.

To compare the computed and analytically estimated (relations
\ref{eq11}-\ref{eq12}) k-vectors, which correspond to the maximal growth
rate for the cases presented in Figure~\ref{Fig2}, these are shown in Table
\ref{tab2}. Thus, the assumption ($k_\perp \gg k_\parallel$) used in
derivation of the growth-rate relations was fulfilled in all studied Models.
All computed k-vectors are smaller than that analytically predicted. Their
computed perpendicular components are systematically two times less than analytical
ones. This is due to assumptions  and simplifications made in analytical
estimations of  these values. Computed values of $k_\parallel$ decrease with
increasing temperature in contradiction with analytical predictions.

Examples of values $\sigma_{\Gamma, \mathrm{max}}, \lambda_{\Gamma,
\mathrm{max}}$ for $v_\mathrm{t}=0.1$~c (Model 1), where the growth rate has
the maximal value depending on $r_\mathrm{pb}$, are presented in Figure
\ref{Fig5}.
 Values of $\sigma_{\Gamma, \mathrm{max}}$ for $r_\mathrm{pB} \sim 5$ and $r_\mathrm{pB}$ > $6$ are close to the lower boundary
 (given by Equation \ref{eq9}). However, in the region around the growth-rate maximum they deviate from the lower boundary.
 Values of $\lambda_{\Gamma, \mathrm{max}}$ are changing only slightly.
 The steps in curves are due to discretisation of the $\lambda - \sigma$ space.
 Note that the value $\lambda_{\Gamma, \mathrm{max}} \approx 5$ (Figure \ref{Fig5}, bottom)
 is less then predicted value $s^2 /2 = 18$.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.49\textwidth]{GR-rpb-vt.eps} \\
\includegraphics[width = 0.49\textwidth]{GR-rpb-vtb.eps}
\caption{Growth rates in Models shown in Table~\ref{tab1} in dependence on
$r_\mathrm{pB} = \omega_\mathrm{p}/\omega_\mathrm{B}$. {\it Upper part:} Growth
rates for Models 1, 4 and 5 with the fixed background temperature
$v_\mathrm{tb} = 0.018$~c. {\it Bottom part:} Growth rates for Models 1-3 with
the fixed temperature of hot electrons $v_\mathrm{t} = 0.1$~c; detailed view.} \label{Fig1}
\end{figure}

Based on many such $\lambda - \sigma$ maps the growth-rate in dependence on the
$r_\mathrm{pB} = \omega_\mathrm{p}/\omega_\mathrm{B}$ were computed for all
Models according to Table~\ref{tab1}. These growth rates are shown in Figure
\ref{Fig1}. The upper part of this Figure shows an effect of the temperature
increase of the hot electrons for fixed temperature of the background plasma
electrons, and its bottom part an effect of the temperature increase of the
background plasma electrons for fixed temperature of hot electrons.

As seen in the upper part of this Figure, Model 1 with the lower velocity of
hot electrons have higher growth rates than those in Models 4 and 5 for all
$r_\mathrm{pB} = \omega_\mathrm{p}/\omega_\mathrm{B}$.
Furthermore, the temperature increase of hot electrons smooths
peak maxima in the growth rate. While Model 1 shows distinct maxima, in Model 5
the maxima for $s>5$ are hardly recognisable.

On the other hand, the change of the thermal velocity of background electrons
in Models 1-3 for fixed temperature of hot electrons (see the bottom part of
the Figure \ref{Fig1}) do not change values of the growth rate, but the
temperature increase shifts the maxima slightly to lower $r_\mathrm{pB}$. The
values of maxima generally decrease with an increase of $r_\mathrm{pB}$.

\begin{table}[h!]
\caption{Positions of maximal growth rates (diamonds) from Figure~\ref{Fig2} in
$\vec{k}$-space for $s=6$. All values agrees $k_\parallel \ll k_\perp$.
Computed values are lower than analytically predicted.} \label{tab2} \centering
\begin{tabular}{ccccc}
\hline\hline
Model no. & $k_\parallel$ & $k_{\parallel,\mathrm{theor}}$ &  $k_\perp$ & $k_{\perp,\mathrm{theor}}$ \\
~ & [cm$^{-1}$] & [cm$^{-1}$] & [cm$^{-1}$] & [cm$^{-1}$] \\
\hline
1 & 0.078 & 0.049 & 1.49 & 2.48 \\
4 & 0.054 & 0.086 & 0.66 & 1.24 \\
5 & 0.034 & 0.117 & 0.41 & 0.83 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.45\textwidth]{GR-max-min-s.eps}
\caption{Ratio between maxima and neighbouring minima of growth rate depending on $s$ for Models 1, 4 and 5. } \label{Fig6}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.45\textwidth]{GR-delta-omega-vt.eps}\\
\includegraphics[width = 0.45\textwidth]{GR-delta-omega-vtb.eps}
\caption{Relative frequency shift $\Delta \omega$ of growth-rate maxima between predicted values by $\omega_\mathrm{UH} = s \omega_\mathrm{B}$ and its computed position (see Figure~\ref{Fig1}). Top Models 1, 4 and 5 with changing hot electrons temperature; bottom Models 1-3 with changing background temperature.} \label{Fig7}
\end{figure}

As already mentioned, maxima of the growth rates are more distinct for lower
temperatures of the hot electrons. Therefore in Figure~\ref{Fig6} we present
ratios of these maxima and neighbouring minima of the growth rate in dependence
on $s$. We note that there is a simple relation between $s$ and $r_\mathrm{pB}$; $s
 = \sqrt{r_\mathrm{pB}^2 +1}$. As seen in Figure~\ref{Fig6}, the ratios decrease with increasing $s$. It
does not depend on the temperature of background electrons.

There is another interesting effect of temperatures of the both hot and
background plasma electrons. Namely, by increasing these temperatures, the growth-rate maxima are shifted to lower frequencies as shown in Figure \ref{Fig7}.

In Figure 7 we present this effect in a way that is more appropriate for zebra pattern analysis. Here we show growth-rate
dependence on the ratio
$\omega_\mathrm{UH}/\omega_\mathrm{B} = s$ for Model 1, meaning that, with the
magnetic field intensity $B = 100 $ G ($f_\mathrm{B} = \omega_\mathrm{B}/2\pi
=$ 280 MHz) and for the model with similar parameters as in Model 1, except
that the magnetic field intensity is $B = 10$ G ($f_\mathrm{B} =
\omega_\mathrm{B}/2\pi =$ 28 MHz). At the horizontal axis of this
figure we used the ratio $\omega_\mathrm{UH}/\omega_\mathrm{B}$, because
$\omega_\mathrm{UH}$ can be directly determined from frequencies of the
observed zebra stripes. As shown here, the growth-rate maxima do not correspond
to a simple resonance conditions (relation~\ref{eq00}), which is used in
estimations of the magnetic field and plasma density in the zebra radio sources
from observed zebras. The maxima are shifted to lower frequencies, and this
shift increases with the increase of $s$. Moreover, as seen in
Figure~\ref{Fig9}, the relative bandwidth of the growth-rate maxima also increases with
the increase of $s$.

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.49\textwidth]{GR-rpb-B.eps}
\caption{Growth rate for Model 1 (B= 100 G, $f_B = \omega_\mathrm{B}/2\pi =$ 280 MHz) (blue line) and
the model with similar parameters to Model 1, except the
magnetic field intensity $B = 10$ G ($f_\mathrm{B} = \omega_\mathrm{B}/2\pi =$ 28 MHz) in dependence on $\omega_\mathrm{UH}/\omega_\mathrm{B}$.
Numbers close the growth-rate maxima designate $s$ from computations.
We note that the growth rate at this figure is normalized by the term $n_\mathrm{h} \omega_\mathrm{B}$.} \label{Fig9}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width = 0.49\textwidth]{GR-summed.eps}
\caption{Comparison of the growth rates with summation over $s$ and for $s$ with the maximal growth rate,
for Model 1 (blue line) and Model 5 (green line).
Dashed lines show summation over $s$ and solid lines correspond to $s$ with the maximal growth rate.} \label{Fig10}
\end{figure}

We also analyzed an effect of summation over $s$ in
relation~\ref{eq1} in comparison with the case for $s$ with the maximal growth
rate, see Figure~\ref{Fig10} made for Models 1 and 5. As seen here, for lower
temperatures $v_\mathrm{t}$ the summation increases values of the growth-rate
minima and for higher temperatures the growth rate is enhanced in the whole
range. We found that if for a given $s$ the growth rate decreases steeply from
its maximum (the case with lower $v_\mathrm{t}$), the summation is important at
places where the individual orders overlap. But if the decrease of the growth
rate from its maximum is gradual (the case with higher $v_\mathrm{t}$), the
summation influences the growth rate in a broad range of $r_\mathrm{pB}$.

\iffalse
\{Poznamky}

 Pripady s fixni teplotou pozadoveho plazmatu a zmenou teploty horkych
elektronu a naopak

Vetsina obrazku treba v zavislosti na p a jeden obrazek pro srovnani s obr. 3
v Yasnovovi v zavislosti na $omega_{UH}/omega_B$.

Mapy zavislosti growth-rate v prostoru k-vektoru. ? Jak pro porovnání s Yasnovem?

Pridani clenu s derivaci f podle z?

Dominance jednoho h.

Vliv s**3?

Grafy pozice $\lambda, \sigma$ na $r_{pB}$.
\fi

\section{Discussion}
In the present paper we studied effects of non-zero temperatures of the both
hot and background plasma on the growth rate.
We showed that including effects of non-zero temperatures leads to shifts
in the growth-rate maxima to lower frequencies, comparing frequencies derived
from the simple resonance condition $\omega_\mathrm{UH} = s \omega_\mathrm{B}$.
We found that these shifts are greater for higher values of the cyclotron
harmonic number $s$. Because the simple resonance condition is used in
estimations of the magnetic field and plasma density in the zebra radio
sources, these shifts influence such estimations.

Therefore, let us estimate an error in the magnetic field determination from
some zebra stripes using the simple resonance condition. For this purpose, let
us assume the zebra stripe on the frequency $f = f_\mathrm{UH} =
\omega_\mathrm{UH}/2\pi =$ 504 MHz (assuming the emission on the fundamental
frequency) with $s =$ 18. If we use the simple resonance condition then for
such high $s$ the ratio of $r_\mathrm{pB} =
\omega_\mathrm{p}/\omega_\mathrm{B}$ $\approx s$, and thus $f_B =
\omega_\mathrm{B}/2\pi =$ 28 MHz, which gives the magnetic field $B =$ 10 G,
see also Figure~\ref{Fig9}. But, for modified Model~1 with $B =$ 10 G we
found that the emission maximum for $s =$ 18 is shifted  to
$\omega_\mathrm{UH}/\omega_\mathrm{B} =$ 17.3. From observations, we have
$f_\mathrm{UH} = \omega_\mathrm{UH}/2\pi =$ 504 MHz, thus $f_\mathrm{B} =
504/17.3 \approx$ 29.1 MHz, which gives the magnetic field $B =$ 10.4 G. This
example shows a 4~\% error in magnetic field estimation. As shown in
Figure~\ref{Fig7}, the shift of the growth rates grows linearly with $s$.
However, the relative error of determining the magnetic field does not
depend on $s$. For higher temperatures of hot electrons errors in magnetic
field estimations are larger. For example, for Model 4 (recognisable
maxima only for $s<$ 11) this error is $\approx$16~\%.

The growth rate is proportional to the density of the hot plasma $n_\mathrm{h}$
and inversely proportional to the magnetic field. If we multiply the growth
rate for Model 3 (with zero temperature of the background plasma), expressed in
our paper as $\Gamma_\mathrm{UH}/(\omega_\mathrm{B} n_\mathrm{h})$ by the
density $n_\mathrm{h} = 10^8~\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ we obtain the growth rate, which
agrees with that by \citep{1986ApJ...307..808W}.

In agreement with the results by \citet{2004SoPh..219..289Y} we found that for
a relatively low temperature of the hot electrons (Model 1) the dependence of
the growth rate vs. the ratio of the electron plasma and electron
cyclotron frequencies expresses distinct peaks and increasing this temperature
(Models 4 and 5) these peaks are smoothed, especially for high $s$.
This growth-rate behaviour differs from those in previous studies
\citep{1975SoPh...44..461Z,1986ApJ...307..808W}. The difference is caused by
relativistic corrections used in the present paper in both resonance terms in
Equation \ref{eq13} and in selection of maximal growth rates in \vec{k}-maps.
We note that a similar effect in growth-rate behaviour was found by
\citet{2007SoPh..241..127K}. Namely, considering the power-law and loss-cone
distribution function of hot electrons, they showed that stripes of a zebra
pattern become more pronounced with an increase of the loss-cone opening angle
and the power-law spectral index.

We also studied effects of the neglected term in the growth rate with
$\frac{\partial f}{\partial u_\parallel}$ (\citet{1986ApJ...307..808W} Equation
A8). We found that these effects are negligible.

\section{Conclusions}

We found that the growth-rate maxima of the upper-hybrid waves for non-zero
temperatures of the both hot and background plasma are shifted towards lower
frequencies comparing to the zero temperature case.
It was found that this shift increases with an increase of the harmonic number
$s$ of the electron cyclotron frequency and temperatures of the both hot and
background plasma components.

We showed that this shift of the growth-rate maxima influences estimations of
the magnetic field strength in sources of observed zebras.
In agreement with previous studies we found that for a relatively low
temperature of the hot electrons the dependence of the growth rate vs.
the ratio of the electron plasma and electron cyclotron frequencies expresses
distinct peaks and increasing this temperature these peaks are smoothed.

We found that in some cases the values of components of the wave number vector
of the upper-hybrid wave for the maximal growth rate strongly deviate from
their analytical  estimations.
Validity of the assumptions used in derivation of the model equations was
confirmed.

\begin{acknowledgements}
The authors thank G.P. Chernov for useful comments. We acknowledge
support from Grants P209/12/0103. Access to computing and storage facilities
owned by parties and projects contributing to the National Grid Infrastructure
MetaCentrum provided under the programme "Projects of Projects of Large
Research, Development, and Innovations Infrastructures" (CESNET LM2015042), is
greatly appreciated. L.Y. acknowledges support by the RFBR grant (No. 16-02-00254).
\end{acknowledgements}

\bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: is any sync-ml API available for server and client ?? i want to make sync-ml server in .net .Is any API is available for it so that we can make sync-ml server in any languages ? I don't want to use funambol like software , it bound us to use it's API . Is any sync-ml API is available for client & server (client can be android or c platform device).

A: Please have a look at SyncML Client API .NET at Syncmldotnet


"The Conversation" projects Netherlands' Cero Ismael's thought-provoking fusion of rap and R&B in a slick manner.
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"The Conversation" is his latest offering, and presents a mindful young adult who has found his fully-fledged sound.
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"The Conversation" is available to stream now.


text:
The Hipster Historian
Making genealogy more intersectional and accessible to all
[Hi]Stories
History Spotlight
#ForgottenWomenofHistory
#TombstoneTuesday
Historian Handbook
Surnames A-Z
The Sister Wives Saga: The Gardner Girls
Author's Note: This information is as accurate as found in my current research.
Some men had one wife, others 56. Elias Gardner (son of William and Ann Gardner of Massachusetts) landed somewhere in the middle. He had nine wives — Harriet, Amy, Betsy, Diantha, Ruth, Ellen, Ann, Emily + Martha. This is their story.
Wife #1: Harriet Snow Smith
Harriet Snow Smith was the first of Elias's wives, only 17 when they married on the 1st of January 1826 in Berkshire County, Massachusetts. A few short years later, in 1830, at the age of 22, Harriet Snow Smith died, leaving Elias with two small children — a toddler son by the name of Walter Elias and a five-month-old baby daughter by the name of Harriet Elizabeth. There was no indicator of death and the only mention of the possible cause we have is 'suddenly' as indicated on Vital Record Transcripts (see below):
Massachusetts, Town and Vital Records
Harriet died before her husband became a Mormon polygamist with eight other wives. One would wonder what she would have thought or said about his actions after her death. Little else is known about Harriet except the words left on her tombstone by her husband which reads:
"In Memory of Harriet Gardner Wife of Elias Gardner Who died March 2, 1830, in her 22-year. Sleep, till death doth silence all, Nor wake again, till Jesus calls Then from the grave, in haste arise, And soar to worlds above the skies."
Gravestone of Harriet Snow Smith Gardner
Wife #2: Amy Pritchard
Amy was Elias's second wife after his first died at a young age. According to family lore, the two met at some sort of dancing event, and that between the two of them, they could clear the dance floor. The two were married the day before Valentines on the 13th of February in 1832.
In 1840, Amy, her husband Elias and her step-son Walter joined the Mormon Church where her husband began to learn about the secretive teachings of polygamy that the Mormon prophet Joseph Smith taught and practiced.
The family began to move around and follow the Mormon migration patterns from Massachusetts to Ohio (Portage/Kirtland) to Illinois (Nauvoo) and lastly to Nebraska (Winter Quarters) where Amy Pritchard passed away on the 24th of November 1846 after taking sick with the chills — this mother of four (three daughters and one son) was buried in an unmarked and unnamed grave along with others that had died so quickly in the winter season that year.
Her children's names were:
Nancy Maria
Mary Amelia
Henry Erastus
Permelia Frenette
Wife #3: Betsy Elizabeth Markham
Before Elias's second wife, Amy passed away, Betsy and Elias met, but it wasn't until a scant seventeen days after Amy died that Elias married Betsy Elizabeth Markham at Winter Quarters, Nebraska, she was thirty-two years old when she became his wife.
The two traveled across the plains with Harriet's son Walter and Amy's living children. Betsy bore two more children to Elias (bringing his total of children to eight at this point). A son named William Kimball (died in infancy) and a daughter named Vilate.
Betsy Elizabeth Markham Gardner
Betsy was the first wife to make it past the age of 45. In fact, Betsy didn't die until she was 91 years of age in Payson, Utah from bronchitis, in 1906.
Betsy Elizabeth Markham Gardner Death Certificate
Wife #4: Diantha Hanchett
Less than a year after he married Betsy, Elias married a young 17-year old girl by the name of Diantha Hanchett, who at this time became Elias's first polygamous marriage and his fourth wife.
Diantha Hanchett
from the BYU University Lee Library
To this union, seven children were born:
Sarah Diantha
Susan Locretia
Betsy Ann
While living in Utah Territory, (which eventually became the state of Utah), this particular polygamous group of the Gardner family clashed with local indigenous tribes as they began to encroach upon their lands.
Diantha ended up being a queen-of-all-trades. She learned how to make candles as a teenager. She home-schooled each of her seven children and taught many neighbor children over the years. Not one to follow all the rules, Diantha enjoyed a good cuppa tea and even told her children and grandchildren on occasion, "Better a poor bellie burst than good tea waste."
It did not take long until Diantha was no longer the newest sister-wife in the family. After only five years into her marriage to Elias, he added another wife to the family.
Wife #5: Ruth Markham Abbott
Like many of Elias' polygamous wives, Ruth Abbott (née Markham) was kin to his other wives. Ellen Elizabeth Abbott and Emily Ann Abbott were Ruth's daughters from her first marriage to Joshua Chandler Abbott.
Ruth Markham
In this case, Elias married a mother and her two daughters — having 14 children in combination with those two daughters. Ruth became the grandmother to these particular children, twice over. In addition to being the mother of two of Elias' wives, Ruth was also the biological sister of another of his wives, #3 Betsy Elizabeth Markham.
According to one family story, "Ruth finally agreed to marry him [Elias], but she would never live with him as a wife as long as he was married to her daughter. She couldn't stand the thoughts of sleeping with her daughter's husband."
Ruth and Elias never had any children together.
Wife #6: Ellen Elizabeth Abbott
In February of 1852, Elias took a 6th wife and third in his polygamous series of wives. Her name was Ellen Elizabeth Abbott and she was only 14 years old. Elias was 43 – a 29-year age gap. To this union, eleven children were born.
Ellen Elizabeth Abbott
Why was she so young? It turns out the Ellen Elizabeth had traveled across the plains with Elias and her aunt Betsey Elizabeth Markham (wife #3) at the age of nine. Which gives question if she was being groomed for a position as one of Elias's many wives. While official records state that Elias was 'called' into polygamy right before he married Ellen Elizabeth, it is clear that he already had two other wives before her. Their children were:
Elias Jr.
Ellen Elizabeth
Ruthette
Joshua Abbott
Orawell
Iris and Ira (twins)
Martha Jane
Wife #7: Ann Elizabeth English
Out of all Elias's nine wives, Ann Elizabeth English was the only foreigner he married and there was a reason for that. Elias met Ann and her mother Martha while he was a missionary for the Mormon Church in England.
Ann was born in South Shields, County Durham, England and married Elias when she was only 18 years old and he was 47. She was his seventh wife and fifth polygamous marriage.
Ann Elizabeth English
Ann Elizabeth arrived in the states in 1855, and in late November of 1855, she married Elias. About five years later, her mother Martha Todd English (Elias's last wife) died when Ann was only 23-years of age. The union between Elias and Ann Elizabeth produced 12 children:
Eliza Roxanna
Edna Mae
Lewis Edward
Lorena Jane
Martha Ann
John William
When Ann and her mother first came to the states, it was thought (according to family lore) that through tradition she would marry one of Elias's sons, possibly Walter or Henry, but Ann told her granddaughter years later, "I did not want to marry Walter or Henry, I wanted to marry your grandfather."
Wife #8: Emily Ann Abbott
The last of his living wives, Emily Ann Abbott was the younger sister wife (number six) and daughter of wife number five. The story goes that Emily Ann had spent most of her life growing up in Elias Gardner's household and that because of her poor health, she was encouraged to marry a much older man in polygamous marriage.
When they married she was only 19, but Elias was 60, a 41-year difference in age. On the same day that Emily Ann was married to Elias, he was also "married" to the deceased mother of his seventh wife.
To the marriage of Emily Ann and Elias, four children were born:
Lois Ann
Due to what seems to be her poor health, Emily Ann passed away in 1880, at the young age of 31 years old, her husband was 72 years of age.
Wife #9: Martha Elizabeth Todd
Martha Elizabeth was Elias's last wife, and also the mother of his sixth wife Ann Elizabeth. Martha's marriage to Elias wasn't one that you would commonly see in society other than in Mormon-run circles. Martha was never physically married to Elias in the flesh, but after she passed, using Mormon rites, she was 'married' to him for the afterlife.
This is a curious type of marriage as according to family stories, Martha declined to marry Elias while she was alive, even though Elias assure her that she would always be cared for.
From all accounts, it appears as if Elias wanted to keep his sister wives a literal family matter and married into two families — The Markhams and the Abbotts, which were in turn, related to each other. Now, much of this data has been retrieved from the Mormon Church and still is being verified, so if you have any additional documentation, please share with us below!
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Historical Profiles, Uncategorized
Amy Pritchard, Ann Elizabeth English, Ann Gardner, Annie Gardner, Benjamin Gardner, Betsy Ann Gardner, Betsy Elizabeth Markham, Diantha Hanchett, Edna Mae Gardner, Elias Gardner, Elias Jr. Gardner, Eliza Roxanna Gardner, Elizabeth Gardner, Ellen Elizabeth Abbott, Ellen Elizabeth Gardner, Emeline Gardner, Emily Ann Abbott, Emily Gardner, Franklin Gardner, George Gardner, Harriet Elizabeth Gardner, Harriet Gardner, Harriet Snow Smith, Henry Erastus Gardner, History Spotlight, Ira Gardner, Iris Garnder, James Gardner, John Gardner, John William Gardner, Joseph Gardner, Joshua Abbott Gardner, Joshua Chandler Abbott, Lewis Edward Gardner, Lois Ann Gardner, Lorena Jane Gardner, Marilla Gardner, Martha Ann Gardner, Martha Elizabeth Todd, Martha Jane Gardner, Mary Amelia Gardner, Nancy Maria Gardner, Nathaniel Gardner, Orawell Gardner, Permelia Frenette Gardner, polygamy, Ruth Markham Abbott, Ruthette Gardner, Sarah Diantha Gardner, sister wives, Susan Locretia Garnder, Thomas Francis Gardner, Verona Gardner, Vilate Gardner, Walter Elias Gardner, William Gardner, William Kimball Gardner
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The Hipster Historian is the 30-something Becky Kobel. A Pacific Northwestern woman who is obsessed with all things history. Her interests are in genealogy, loving everything vintage, death positivity, and travel.