text:
1977 Grands Prix, British Grand Prix, European Grand Prix, Formula One races in the United Kingdom
1977 British Grand Prix
1977 French Grand Prix 10 of 1977 1977 German Grand Prix
The Silverstone Circuit in 1977
XXX John Player British Grand Prix
Northamptonshire, Great Britain
Scheduled distance
68 laps, 320.892km (199.436 miles)
McLaren-Ford Cosworth
1:19.60 on lap 48
Lotus-Ford Cosworth
The 1977 British Grand Prix, otherwise officially known as the XXX John Player British Grand Prix or the 1977 European Grand Prix, was the tenth round of the 1977 FIA Formula One World Championship, held on 16 July, 1977 at Silverstone.[1][2] The race would be remembered for an excellent battling display from victor James Hunt, on a day which saw debuts for Renault and the legendary Gilles Villeneuve.[1]
The large number of privateer entrants for the British Grand Prix meant that there would be a pre-qualifying session held, with the fourteen lowest drivers in the Championship fighting for five places in qualifying.[1] The two sessions would see huge accidents for Mikko Kozarowitzky and David Purley, as Villeneuve, Patrick Tambay, Jean-Pierre Jarier, Brett Lunger and Brian Henton all going through.[1]
Into qualifying proper, which would also feature Arturo Merzario, Emilio de Villota and Patrick Nève from the pre-qualifing session, and James Hunt secured his first pole since the start of the season.[1] He elbowed fellow Brit John Watson for the honour, while Niki Lauda edged out Jody Scheckter on the second row.[1]
However, Hunt's strong qualifying performance would be belayed by a poor start, allowing Watson, Lauda and Scheckter to streak ahead before Hunt sorted himself out.[1] Next up were the two Loti of Gunnar Nilsson and Mario Andretti, with the rest of the field following them through.[1]
It took three laps for Hunt to get back into the top three, elbowing his way past Scheckter as Andretti passed Nilsson.[1] Elsewhere Hunt's new teammate Villeneuve headed into the pits with his debut seemingly over with an overheating engine, only for the team to find that the temperature gauge was at fault.[1] The young Canadian was therefore sent streaking out of the pits at the back of the field.[1]
It took another twenty laps for Hunt to muscle his way past arch-rival Lauda, before sprinting away from the Austrian to hunt down race leader Watson.[1] It took a few laps before the McLaren pulled under the wing of the Brabham-Alfa Romeo, although try as he might, the Englishman could not find a way past the Ulsterman.[1]
Yet, the Alfa F12 powering Watson's car was having trouble with its fuel system, and for the second race in a row it would cost Watson a victory.[1] Indeed, the #7 Brabham went skating into the pits at the end of lap 50 for a top up, handing Hunt the lead.[1] He duly ran off to claim victory, while Watson rejoined well outside the points.[1]
With that the race was run, with Hunt winning from Lauda, while Nilsson benefited from misfortune elsewhere to claim a podium spot.[1] Jochen Mass was next in his McLaren ahead of Hans-Joachim Stuck, with Jacques Laffite completing the points.[1]
The race would also be the last "European Grand Prix" to be staged as an honorific title, having been awarded to the event to mark Queen Elizabeth's silver jubilee.[3]
It was the turn of Silverstone to host the British Grand Prix in 1977, with the Northamptonshire circuit unchanged from F1's most recent visit in 1975.[2] Indeed, the only significant change to the circuit would come in the form of an extra layer of catch fencing at strategic points, which was expected to stop the latest generation of cars from hitting the outside walls.[2] Their installation was made all the more important with the release of the huge 40 driver entry list ahead of the race.[2]
The sudden increase in entries was the result of a fresh wave of privateers based at Silverstone, all using year old cars, with either major or minor modifications.[2] Such was the demand for entry, that the R.A.C., organisers of the British Grand Prix, decided to hold a pre-qualifying session, before the race meeting was set to officially begin, on Wednesday, the 13th July.[4] This session would feature all entries not listed as members of the Formula One Constructors Association, meaning there were seventeen drivers vying for five spots in the main show.[4]
The biggest name on that pre-qualifiers list would be former Champions BRM, whom had fallen so far from their former heights that their spot among the elite had been given to new manufacturers Renault.[4] The British firm would therefore have to field Guy Edwards earlier in the weekend than expected, while new boys Renault were virtually guarenteed a spot on the grid.[4] Both cars were rather unique, the BRM hanging onto old F1 design regarding its V12 engine, while the new Renault RS01, with Jean-Pierre Jabouille at the wheel, aimed to become the first car to race in the World Championship with a turbocharged V6.[2]
Another old face among the pre-qualifiers would be Jean-Pierre Jarier and the ex-factory Penske, for its German owners ATS lacked F.O.C.A. membership.[4] Likewise, the second Ensign entry for F2 star Patrick Tambay had been officially entered by privateers Theodore Racing, meaning the Frenchman would have to make it through pre-qualifying too.[4] Another intriguing entry would be a third factory McLaren which would have to make it through the early torture, with another promising youth Gilles Villeneuve at the wheel.[4]
Elsewhere, the four privately entered Marches of Williams Grand Prix Engineering, RAM Racing and Team Merzario would have to fight to proceed, despite all featuring in previous races.[4] Of these, Patrick Nève and Arturo Merzario (Williams and Merzario respectively) were expected to make the cut, while Mikko Kozarowitzky and debutante Andy Sutcliffe were likely to miss out.[4] More ex-factory cars appeared in the form of two privately entered McLarens for Brett Lunger and Emilio de Villota, while the third Hesketh was initially entered for Héctor Rebaque once again.[4]
Completing the pre-qualifiers list would be a variety of modified creations, the most distinct of which would be the LEC of David Purley, rebuilt after his accident in France.[4] Also in action would be Brian McGuire in his McGuire BM1, a heavily revised, but unspectacular, version of a FW03.[4] Tony Trimmer then completed the entry with his Surtees, while David Prophet was reported to have entered a car but failed to appear.[4] Another entry would be Endurance specialist Derek Bell in his customised Penske PC3, although the Brit's entry was rejected during the scrutineering session before pre-qualifying.[4]
Into the F.O.C.A. approved entry list and it was business as usual for the top teams, although McLaren had finally got around to building a second M26.[2] The new car was handed to defending Champion James Hunt, while teammate Jochen Mass inherited the older M26 which Hunt had been using in previous rounds.[2] Mass' old M23 became the team's spare, while Villeneuve would use Hunt's M23 from 1976 with several minor updates.[2]
Lotus were keen to get on with things and had tested at Silverstone a week before the race weekend, bringing along two new 78s for Mario Andretti and Gunnar Nilsson.[2] Brabham-Alfa Romeo had been equally busy, likewise testing new equipment in Northamptonshire for their pairing of John Watson and Hans-Joachim Stuck.[2] In contrast, Jody Scheckter was back to using the oldest pair of Wolves after an issue with the new WR3 in France.[2]
Ferrari had updated their design after a poor end to the start of the season, with both Niki Lauda and Carlos Reutemann getting redesigned rear-axles to improve traction and stability.[2] Ronnie Peterson and Patrick Depailler were back to using their 1977-spec P34s, Ken Tyrrell seemingly happier with their new wide-wheelbase.[2] The two factory Marches were as they had appeared in France, meaning Alex Ribeiro and Ian Scheckter were still waiting for the new 771, while Clay Regazzoni had his familiar Ensign on show.[2]
Shadow were back with a new car for Riccardo Patrese to try, with Alan Jones continuing to use the car with which he had campaigned since Long Beach.[2] Team Surtees, meanwhile, had hired Vern Schuppan to replace Larry Perkins in their #18 car, partnered by Vittorio Brambilla in the Beta Tools sponsored TS19.[2] Indeed, the #18 car was still sporting the "durex" logos that had caused such controversy in 1976, although there were no complaints from the television crews regarding its use given the fees they had paid Bernie Ecclestone to cover the race.[2]
Completing the entry list would be the Ligier-Matra of Jacques Laffite, as well as the lone Fittipaldi for Emerson Fittipaldi.[2] Rupert Keegan and Harald Ertl were also entered for Hesketh, although the Austrian had a funding issue that ultimately caused him to withdraw during practice.[2] Indeed, the Austrian's withdrawal would be music to the ears of some of the pre-qualifiers, as it opened up another spot in the field for qualifying.[2]
Into the Championship and victory in Dijon-Prenois last time out had propelled Andretti up into second in the Championship, and just a point behind new Championship leader Lauda. Both therefore moved ahead of Jody Scheckter, whose third non-score in a row meant his Championship prospects had begun to unravel at an alarming rate. Reutemann, meanwhile, had dropped to fourth, just ahead of Nilsson, while Watson had finally breached the top ten.
Ferrari were left on 50 points after the French Grand Prix of 1977, despite both Lauda and Reutemann scoring, the result of rules regarding point scoring in 1977. As such, Team Lotus-Ford Cosworth had closed to within seven points of the Italian firm at the halfway point of the Championship, while Wolf-Ford Cosworth were paying the price for only fielding one car, slipping back in third. McLaren-Ford Cosworth and Brabham-Alfa Romeo continued their upward climbs up the order, while Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth had continued slipped away.
The full entry list for the 1977 British Grand Prix is outlined below:
Entreat
Marlboro Team McLaren McLaren M26 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Elf Team Tyrrell Tyrrell P34B Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Patrick Depailler
John Player Team Lotus Lotus 78 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Martini Racing Brabham BT45B Alfa Romeo 115-12 3.0 F12 G
Alex Ribeiro
Hollywood March Racing March 761B Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Ian Scheckter
Team Rothmans International March 761B Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC Ferrari 312T2B Ferrari 015 3.0 F12 G
Jean-Pierre Jabouille
Equipe Renault Elf Renault RS01 Renault EF1 1.5 V6t M
Shadow Racing Team Shadow DN8 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Vern Schuppan
Team Surtees Surtees TS19 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Vittorio Brambilla
Beta Team Surtees Surtees TS19 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Jody Scheckter
Walter Wolf Racing Wolf WR1 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Team Tissot Ensign with Castrol Ensign N177 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Patrick Tambay
Theodore Racing Hong Kong Ensign N177 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Rupert Keegan
Penthouse Rizla Racing Hesketh 308E Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Harald Ertl
Jacques Laffite
Ligier Gitanes Ligier JS7 Matra MS76 3.0 V12 G
Patrick Nève
Williams Grand Prix Engineering March 761 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Copersucar-Fittipaldi Fittipaldi F5 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Brett Lunger
Chesterfield Racing McLaren M23 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
David Purley
LEC Refrigeration Racing LEC CRP1 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Mikko Kozarowitzky
RAM Racing/F&S Properties March 761 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Andy Sutcliffe
RAM Racing March 761 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Jean-Pierre Jarier
ATS Racing Team Penske PC4 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Guy Edwards
Rotary Watches Stanley BRM BRM P207 BRM P202 3.0 V12 G
Emilio de Villota
Iberia Airlines McLaren M23 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Team Merzario March 761B Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Brian Henton
British Formula One Racing Team March 761 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Héctor Rebaque
Hesketh Racing Hesketh 308E Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
David Prophet
Privateer Surtees TS16 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Hexagon of Highgate Penske PC3 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Tony Trimmer
Melchester Racing Surtees TS19 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Brian McGuire
Privateer McGuire BM1 Ford Cosworth DFV 3.0 V8 G
Bernard de Dryver
Practice Overview Edit
Qualifying Edit
According to the original schedule practice/qualifying would be staged across Thursday and Friday ahead of the Saturday race, although the advent of the pre-qualifiers meant that the meeting actually got underway on Wednesday.[2] This session was exclusively for non-F.O.C.A. members, of whom five would get the chance to qualify for the race on Saturday.[2] The standard practice sessions were divided up as usual, with two "timed" periods on Thursday, before Friday's running was split between an "untimed" session in the morning ahead of the third and final "timed" period.[2]
Seventeen drivers would take part in pre-qualifying, with none of the F.O.C.A. registered teams allowed to take part, a measure to ensure that every one of the pre-qualifiers would have a fair chance.[4] Five of these drivers would get a run in the full practice/qualifying session, with the odds for many improving when three pre-qualifiers dropped out before the start.[4] Indeed, David Prophet would fail to arrive, as would Héctor Rebaque, while Derek Bell had his entry rejected during scrutineering.[4]
The numbers would be further thinned by two accidents during the two sessions, the first removing Mikko Kozarowitzky early on as the Finn bounced into the barriers at the chicane.[4] Then, during the second session, David Purley suffered a huge accident at Becketts when his throttle jammed, with the LEC smashing into the barriers at unabated speed.[4] The Brit was extracted from his shattered car with severe leg and pelvis injuries, and was quickly whisked away to Northamptonshire General Hospital for treatment.[4]
That left twelve potential qualifiers for five spots, although when the results were officially revealed the R.A.C., organisers of the British Grand Prix, would force F.O.C.A. to accept two more.[4] This was because there was only half a second covering the top seven at the end of the day, as Canadian youth Gilles Villeneuve topped the timesheets in his factory McLaren.[4] It was an impressive display by Villeneuve, who survived several spins during the session en-route to a 1:19.48.[4]
Behind the impressive youth would be another F1 rookie in the form of Patrick Tambay, the Frenchman putting his new Ensign through its paces to claim a 1:19.55.[4] Next up was a third Frenchman in the form of Jean-Pierre Jarier ahead of Brett Lunger, while Brian Henton completed the original five with a 1:19.82.[4] Next up were Arturo Merzario and Patrick Nève, with Belgian laying claim to a 1:19.97, close enough for the R.A.C. to approve both his, and Merzario's, progress.[4]
Pre-Qualifying Results Edit
The full pre-qualifying results for the 1977 British Grand Prix are outlined below:
PQ1
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 1:19.48 1:19.92 —
Ensign-Ford Cosworth 1:19.55 1:19.71 +0.07s
Penske-Ford Cosworth 1:20.57 1:19.63 +0.15s
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 1:20.45 1:19.72 +0.24s
March-Ford Cosworth 1:19.82 1:19.96 +0.34s
LEC-Ford Cosworth 1:22.77 1:20.63 +1.15s
BRM 1:22.62 1:22.75T +3.14s
Surtees-Ford Cosworth 1:23.23 1:22.80 +3.32s
McGuire-Ford Cosworth 1:23.76 1:25.83 +4.28s
March-Ford Cosworth 1:25.16 — +5.68s
Hesketh-Ford Cosworth Withdrawn
Surtees-Ford Cosworth Withdrawn
March-Ford Cosworth Withdrawn
WD*
Penske-Ford Cosworth Car deemed illegal
T Indicates a test/spare car.
* Bell's car was deemed to have been illegal when put through scrutineering.[6]
Thursday Qualifying Edit
The man to set the pace early on Thursday morning would be James Hunt, whose 1:18.99 caught many out as most of the attention was focused on Mario Andretti.[2] Indeed, the American had tested at Silverstone just a week earlier and recorded a 1:18.54, but various issues early on Thursday kept the American from setting a stunning time.[2] That allowed Hunt to top the times with Jody Scheckter in second, while Gunnar Nilsson was ahead of his highly rated teammate.[2]
There would be a change to the entry list for the second "timed" session of the weekend, with Harald Ertl officially withdrawn by Hesketh after running out of money.[2] That opened the door for a failed pre-qualifier to rejoin the fray, with Emilio de Villota allowed to get his ex-factory McLaren out of the paddock.[2] He joined the other seven pre-qualifiers fighting for a spot on the grid, who were all running a second slower than on Wednesday as their "special" Goodyears had been given to the F.O.C.A. teams.[2]
In terms of pace it was Hunt would once again stole the show for McLaren, the Brit improving to a 1:18.49 in his new M26 to claim provisional pole overnight.[2] Niki Lauda was a satisfied second, the only other man to get into the 1:18.00s, while Scheckter improved to a 1:19.05.[2] Andretti was next with a 1:19.11, although the American's troubles had followed him into the afternoon.[2]
Indeed, Andretti's afternoon had started off on a sour note when the American came across a wayward Vittorio Brambilla, with the Lotus flying off the circuit trying to avoid the sliding Surtees.[2] Andretti was left stranded a fair way from the circuit, meaning he had to hitch a lift back to the pits from teammate Nilsson to take on the brand new spare car.[2] However, the new Lotus would have a gearbox failure within a few laps of hitting the circuit, meaning he had to wait back in the pits for his race car to be retrieved.[2] The #5 was duly dumped back in the pits, the damaged nose replaced, mud scrapped off, and Andretti sent back out into the fray.[2]
After some repair work on Thursday evening, and a trouble free "untimed" session, qualifying resumed on Friday afternoon for one final hour.[2] The battle for pole was would hot up early on, with John Watson, Scheckter and Nilsson joining Hunt and Lauda in the 1:18.00s early on.[2] They would spend the afternoon in a ferocious fight as they chipped into the lead duo's advantage, with the pace of Nilsson causing many to question why Lotus were throwing so much weight behind Andretti.[2]
Ultimately, however, none would topple Hunt's time from Thursday, with the Brit himself falling shy with a 1:18.87.[2] Watson, meanwhile, would complete the afternoon with a 1:18.77 to overhaul Lauda, despite the fact that the Austrian had found time in his Ferrari late on.[2] Scheckter was next with a 1:18.85, just a hundredth slower than his main Championship rival, with Nilsson a tenth behind in fifth.[2]
Elsewhere, Gilles Villeneuve somewhat stole the show in his first foray into Formula One, the Canadian putting together a strong lap in his old M23 to get into the top ten.[2] His effort was quicker than that of full McLaren driver Jochen Mass in the newer M26, as well as big names such as Carlos Reutemann, Ronnie Peterson and Jacques Laffite.[2] Another youngster to make the grade was Patrick Tambay in his Ensign, a surprise given that his veteran semi-teammate Clay Regazzoni failed to make the cut.[2]
Also making it through to the start of the race would be the new Renault in the hands of Jean-Pierre Jabouille, with the Renault V6 turbo running relatively reliably if not spectacularly.[2] The Frenchman ended the day in 21st with a 1:20.11, sandwiched between Jean-Pierre Jarier and Emerson Fittipaldi.[2] Behind, Alex Ribeiro would fail to get in once again with his factory March, with Henton, who suffered an early engine failure, de Villota and the aforementioned Regazzoni also missing out on a grid spot.[2]
The full qualifying results for the 1977 British Grand Prix are outlined below:
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 1:18.99 1:18.49 1:18.87 —
Brabham-Alfa Romeo 1:20.38 1:19.76 1:18.77 +0.28s
Ferrari 1:19.71 1:18.93 1:18.84 +0.35s
Wolf-Ford Cosworth 1:19.28 1:19.05 1:18.85 +0.36s
Lotus-Ford Cosworth 1:19.86 1:19.34 1:18.95 +0.46s
Surtees-Ford Cosworth 1:20.76 1:20.10 1:19.20 +0.71s
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 1:20.07 1:19.81 1:19.32 +0.83s
Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth 1:20.80 1:19.89 1:19.42 +0.93s
Shadow-Ford Cosworth 1:20.33 1:19.60 1:19.68 +1.11s
Hesketh-Ford Cosworth 1:19.64 1:19.67 1:19.80 +1.15s
Ligier-Matra 1:20.11 1:19.75 1:20.45 +1.26s
Ensign-Ford Cosworth 1:20.02 1:19.81 1:20.72 +1.32s
March-Ford Cosworth 1:20.72 1:19.88 1:20.34 +1.39s
Penske-Ford Cosworth 1:20.10 1:20.43 1:20.63 +1.61s
Renault 1:23.37 1:21.07 1:20.11 +1.62s
Fittipaldi-Ford Cosworth 1:20.90 1:21.28 1:20.20 +1.71s
McLaren-Ford Cosworth — 1:22.20 1:21.53 +3.04s
LEC-Ford Cosworth 1:20.63
March-Ford Cosworth 1:21.93
BRM 1:22.62
Surtees-Ford Cosworth 1:22.80
McGuire-Ford Cosworth 1:23.76
Source:[2][6]
2 James Hunt
John Watson ______________
4 Niki Lauda
Jody Scheckter ______________
6 Gunnar Nilsson
Mario Andretti ______________
8 Hans-Joachim Stuck
Vittorio Brambilla ______________
10 Gilles Villeneuve
Ronnie Peterson ______________
12 Jochen Mass
Alan Jones ______________
14 Rupert Keegan
Carlos Reutemann ______________
16 Jacques Laffite
Patrick Tambay ______________
18 Arturo Merzario
Patrick Depailler ______________
20 Brett Lunger
Jean-Pierre Jarier ______________
22 Jean-Pierre Jabouille
Emerson Fittipaldi ______________
24 Vern Schuppan
Ian Scheckter ______________
26 Riccardo Patrese
Patrick Nève ______________
Race morning came as a welcome relief for the 26 qualifiers, many of whom had covered over 100 laps in preparation for the 68 lap Grand Prix.[2] The pre-race warm-up session passed without issue, although there were several late changes internally as a few drivers opted to use their spare cars for the race.[2] After that there was a steady build-up to the 3:00pm start time with a number of support races and events, before the 26 qualifiers were led to the starters lights by pole sitter James Hunt.[2]
Unfortunately for Hunt the steady ramp-up to the start of the race would not benefit his getaway, as a minor hesitation from the McLaren cost the Brit off the line.[2] That fact allowed Ulsterman John Watson to shoot into the lead off the line, with Niki Lauda and Jody Scheckter following the maroon Brabham-Alfa Romeo through.[2] Gunnar Nilsson and Mario Andretti jetted off in their wake, with the top six breaking clear of the rest of the field through Becketts.[2]
One driver would fail to make it round even that far, for Rupert Keegan suffered a failure on the exit of Copse and duly went charging into the catch fencing.[7] As he climbed out of his car and the tangled fencing, Watson came charging across the line to complete the opening tour, with Lauda, Scheckter, Hunt and the two Loti right behind.[2] The next batch were being led by the debutante Gilles Villeneuve, who was fending off a challenge from temporary teammate Jochen Mass.[2]
There would be a change at the top of the field during the second lap, as Andretti moved ahead of Nilsson into Becketts to attack the back of Hunt.[2] Yet, that would be as far as the American got, as the top six soon settled in their attempt to break away from the rest of the back.[2] It was therefore remarkable that the rookie Villeneuve would keep pace with them through the opening stages, with Mass glued to his gearbox as they pulled clear of ninth placed Vittorio Brambilla.[2]
Elsewhere, there would be a couple more early retirements to join Keegan on the sidelines, the first coming on lap three when Ronnie Peterson saw his Ford Cosworth expire in the back of his Tyrrell.[2] Next out was the debuting Patrick Tambay in the new Ensign, the Frenchman suffering a total failure of his electrical system as he approached Woodcote.[2] Elsewhere, Vern Schuppan seemed to be struggling at the back of the field, while the ferocious fighting behind Brambilla was coming increasingly close to contact.[2]
Back with the leaders and Hunt had finally decided to make a move, diving past Scheckter into Copse as Watson and Lauda began to pull away on lap seven.[2] Behind, Carlos Reutemann went spinning into the middle of Woodcote after a rear brake issue, although the Argentine racer was fortunate to escape without damage.[2] He rejoined at the back of the field, before nursing his car back to the pits to have a brake line replaced.[2]
The following laps would see Watson, Hunt and Lauda pull clear of Scheckter, leaving the Wolf to fend off the sponsor-less Loti of Andretti and Nilsson.[2] Villeneuve was still keeping in touch behind, although a bounce across the grass by the Canadian had caused his McLaren to indicate it was overheating.[2] He duly decided to abandon seventh place on lap ten by stopping in the pits and climb out of his cockpit, only for the mechanics to find that the temperature gauge had broken.[2]
Villeneuve was duly strapped back in and sent screaming out of the pits, although the long stop had cost the Canadian two laps, laving him last bar Reutemann.[2] As the #40 McLaren rejoined the brand new Renault dropped out of the fray, Jean-Pierre Jabouille forced to stop in the pits with a broken exhaust manifold.[2] A repair was quickly effected and the Frenchman sent back out for a glorified test session, although the RS01 would only last another five laps before his turbocharger blew.[2]
As the ghostly smoke of a potential future blew out of the back of the Renault, Hunt began to attack the back of Lauda, with Watson less than a second ahead of the Austrian.[2] Behind them on the road was Villeneuve, although the moment the Canadian racer saw Scheckter and co. in his mirrors, the youngster duly moved aside to let them go.[2] He duly stuck onto the back of Nilsson once they changed past, an excellent demonstration of the 27 year old's talent.[2]
In the mean time, Patrick Depailler had made it a double Tyrrell retirement when he went smashing through the catch fencing at Becketts, the Frenchman lacking the use of his front brakes as he slid straight into the wall.[2] Riccardo Patrese was another casualty a few laps later when the Shadow suddenly lost fuel pressure, with the Italian wisely pulling off at the side of the circuit rather than detonate the engine.[2] Their retirements overshadowed the escape of Watson from the sights of Lauda, who was having to put up a strong defence from the attentions of Hunt.[2]
Indeed, it was a relentless attack from the McLaren pilot, with the #1 car weaving around in the mirrors of the #11 Ferrari for several laps.[7] Then, as the pair braked for Woodcote to complete lap 23, Hunt threw his McLaren up the inside of Lauda, bouncing across the kerbs before scrambling away ahead of the Austrian.[7] Indeed, Hunt carried so much momentum through the chicane that Lauda could not affect a response, allowing the McLaren to scamper off after Watson, who had established a three second lead in the Brabham.[7]
The race would settle after their fight with half-distance coming an going with Hunt still inching his way closer to the back of Watson, while Lauda slipped slowly behind.[2] Behind him came the Scheckter/Andretti/Nilsson scrap, although there seemed to be no way through for the two Loti against the Wolf.[2] Mass was on his own in seventh ahead of Brambilla, Jacques Laffite and Hans-Joachim Stuck, who were all scrapping, with Alan Jones furiously trying to catch back up with them.[2]
Hunt eventually managed to draw onto the back of Watson, although for four laps the McLaren found that the Brabham had an invisible wall around it denying him a move.[2] Then, on lap 44, the Englishman sent a huge dive down the inside of the Ulsterman into Woodcote, although Watson had also decided to leave his braking late into the chicane.[7] The pair came within millimetres of touching as the both scrambled through the chicane, with Watson ultimately squirrelling through the exit with the lead.[7]
After that, Hunt decided to settle back in the wake of the Brabham, either plotting his next attack or hoping that Watson would make a mistake.[2] And, six laps later, the McLaren would be gifted the lead from the Brabham, as Watson's Alfa Romeo engine suddenly lost fuel pressure and briefly lost power.[2] The McLaren shot past down the Hanger Straight and was away, leaving Watson to drag the car into the pits to have more fuel dumped int he tank.[2]
It was an identical issue to the one that had denied him victory in France, and as the Ulsterman rejoined down in twelfth, HUnt began to ease off with his lead assured.[2] Lauda, meanwhile, was over ten seconds back in a lonely second, while Scheckter had finally got some breathing space from the two Loti, largely due to the fact that Andretti was having engine issues.[2] It therefore seemed strange that Colin Chapman, Nilsson and the Lotus pitcrew were reluctant to tell Andretti to let the Swede through.[2]
Ultimately, however, Nilsson had to elbow his way through, and with fifteen laps to go began to draw back onto the gearbox of Scheckter's Wolf.[2] The South African racer soon responded, although his series of fastest laps did little to stop the Swede's charge.[2] Indeed, the late push did more harm than good to Scheckter's chances, for his Cosworth engine expired on lap 60 having just powered the Wolf to its fastest lap of the race.[2]
James Hunt celebrates a well fought victory as he crosses the start/finish line.
Nilsson was now released to catch Lauda, and was taking over a second a lap out of the Ferrari as the final laps ticked away.[2] In truth the amount of time the Swede needed to make up made it nearly impossible for the Lotus to finish second, but Nilsson had decided it was all or nothing and set a series of personal best laps.[2] Behind, the Swede's teammate Andretti went out with an engine failure with five laps to go, dumping oil over the run-off at Woodcote, while Brambilla had to relinquish fifth after a late puncture.[2]
Hunt, meanwhile, would cruise home to claim a stirring victory, his first of the season and second, on track, in a row at the British Grand Prix.[2] Lauda was next across the line a little over a second ahead of the charging Nilsson, with Mass a lonely fourth.[2] Stuck had used Brambilla's disappearance to break away from Laffite and claim fifth, while the Frenchman's Ligier-Matra earned the final point in sixth.[2]
The results for the 1977 British Grand Prix are outlined below:
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 68 1:31:46.06 1
Ferrari 68 +18.31s 3
Lotus-Ford Cosworth 68 +19.57s 5
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 68 +47.76s 11
Brabham-Alfa Romeo 68 +1:11.73 7
Ligier-Matra 67 +1 lap 15
Shadow-Ford Cosworth 67 +1 lap 12
Surtees-Ford Cosworth 67 +1 lap 8
Penske-Ford Cosworth 67 +1 lap 20
March-Ford Cosworth 66 +2 laps 26
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 66 +2 laps 9
Surtees-Ford Cosworth 66 +2 laps 23
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 64 +4 laps 19
Lotus-Ford Cosworth 62 Engine 5
Ferrari 62 +6 laps 14
Brabham-Alfa Romeo 60 Fuel system 2
Wolf-Ford Cosworth 59 Engine 4
Fittipaldi-Ford Cosworth 42 Throttle 22
March-Ford Cosworth 28 Transmission 17
Shadow-Ford Cosworth 20 Fuel pressure 25
Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth 16 Brakes 18
Renault 16 Turbo 21
March-Ford Cosworth 6 Accident 24
Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth 3 Engine 10
Ensign-Ford Cosworth 3 Electrical 16
Hesketh-Ford Cosworth 0 Accident 13
March-Ford Cosworth
Ensign-Ford Cosworth
LEC-Ford Cosworth
Surtees-Ford Cosworth
McGuire-Ford Cosworth
Hesketh-Ford Cosworth
Penske-Ford Cosworth
* Andretti was classified despite retiring as he had completed 90% of the race distance.
Last Grand Prix to be given the "honorific" title "European Grand Prix".[2]
Wolf entered a World Championship race for the 10th time.[9]
First Grand Prix for Renault as a constructor and engine supplier.[10]
The Renault RS01 became the first turbocharged car to compete at a World Championship race.[10]
Michelin supplied tyres for the first time.[9]
First (and only) entry for McGuire as a constructor.[9]
Final entry for LEC.[9]
Debut race for Gilles Villeneuve and Patrick Tambay.[10]
First entries for Andy Sutcliffe and Brian McGuire.[9]
Final entries for David Purley, Mikko Kozarowitzky, Derek Bell and Guy Edwards.
Eighth career victory for James Hunt.[10]
It was also the Brit's twentieth podium visit.[10]
Hunt also claimed his eighth and final fastest lap.[10]
McLaren claimed their 22nd victory as a constructor.[10]
It was also the British firm's 70th podium finish.[10]
Engine suppliers Ford Cosworth powered a car to a 103rd victory.[10]
Fourth and final podium finish for Gunnar Nilsson.[10]
Another podium finish for Niki Lauda ensured that the Austrian racer extended his Championship lead over Mario Andretti and Jody Scheckter to seven points. Those two would be left to rue their late race issues as they slipped away from the leader, while race winner James Hunt finally claimed into the top five. The Brit remained behind Lauda's teammate Carlos Reutemann in fourth, while Gunnar Nilsson made way for Hunt by slipping to sixth.
Ferrari continued to lead the way in the International Cup for Constructors, extending their advantage back up to nine points over Lotus-Ford Cosworth. Behind, McLaren-Ford Cosworth were back into the top three after their first win of the season, overtaking newboys Wolf-Ford Cosworth. The Canadian team were still reluctant to field a second car to support Scheckter, meaning if the South African's recent run of bad luck continued, the young team would be out of the title fight.
Drivers' World Championship
Niki Lauda 39 —
Mario Andretti 32 —
Jody Scheckter 32 —
Carlos Reutemann 28 —
James Hunt 22 ▲2
Gunnar Nilsson 20 ▼1
Jochen Mass 17 ▼1
Jacques Laffite 10 ▲1
Patrick Depailler 10 ▼1
John Watson 9 —
Emerson Fittipaldi 8 —
Carlos Pace 6 —
Ronnie Peterson 4 —
Hans-Joachim Stuck 4 ▲2
Vittorio Brambilla 3 ▼1
Alan Jones 3 ▼1
Clay Regazzoni 1 —
Renzo Zorzi 1 —
Jean-Pierre Jarier 1 —
International Cup for Constructors
Ferrari 56 (58) —
Lotus-Ford Cosworth 47 —
McLaren-Ford Cosworth 34 ▲1
Wolf-Ford Cosworth 32 ▼1
Brabham-Alfa Romeo 19 —
Tyrrell-Ford Cosworth 10 —
Ligier-Matra 10 —
Fittipaldi-Ford Cosworth 8 —
Shadow-Ford Cosworth 4 —
Surtees-Ford Cosworth 3 —
Ensign-Ford Cosworth 1 —
Penske-Ford Cosworth 1 —
F1-history, 'James Hunt (Great Britain 1977)', deviantart.com, (DeviantArt, 26/04/2016), https://f1-history.deviantart.com/art/James-Hunt-Great-Britain-1977-605431471, (Accessed 10/05/2018)
↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 'GRAND PRIX RESULTS: BRITISH GP, 1977', grandprix.com, (Inside F1 Inc., 2015), http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr290.html, (Accessed 05/05/2018)
↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.27 2.28 2.29 2.30 2.31 2.32 2.33 2.34 2.35 2.36 2.37 2.38 2.39 2.40 2.41 2.42 2.43 2.44 2.45 2.46 2.47 2.48 2.49 2.50 2.51 2.52 2.53 2.54 2.55 2.56 2.57 2.58 2.59 2.60 2.61 2.62 2.63 2.64 2.65 2.66 2.67 2.68 2.69 2.70 2.71 2.72 2.73 2.74 2.75 2.76 2.77 2.78 2.79 2.80 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.84 2.85 2.86 2.87 2.88 2.89 2.90 2.91 2.92 2.93 2.94 2.95 2.96 2.97 2.98 D.S.J., 'The British Grand Prix: A marathon affair', motorsportmagazine.com, (Motor Sport, 01/08/1977), https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/august-1977/23/british-grand-prix , (Accessed 06/05/2018)
↑ 'Grand Prix d'Europe', motorsportmagazine.com, (Motor Sport, 01/03/1977), https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/march-1977/30/grand-prix-deurope, (Accessed 06/05/2018)
↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 4.22 4.23 4.24 4.25 4.26 D.S.J., 'The race before the race', motorsportmagazine.com, (Motor Sport, 01/08/1977), https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/archive/article/august-1977/34/race-race, (Accessed 06/05/2018)
↑ 'Britain 1977: Entrants', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1977/grande-bretagne/engages.aspx, (Accessed 06/05/2018)
↑ 6.0 6.1 'Britain 1977: Qualifications', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1977/grande-bretagne/qualification.aspx, (Accessed 06/05/2018)
↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Adam xxx, 'Formula one 1977 British Grand Prix Silverstone Round 10', youtube.com, (YouTube, 07/09/2017), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5C0RJNFjKg, (Accessed 08/05/2018)
↑ 'Britain 1977: Results', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2016), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1977/grande-bretagne/classement.aspx, (Accessed 06/05/2018)
↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 '1977 British Grand Prix', chicanef1.com, (Chicane F1, 2015), http://www.chicanef1.com/racetit.pl?year=1977&gp=British%20GP&r=1, (Accessed 06/05/2018)
↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 '10. Britain 1977', statsf1.com, (Stats F1, 2015), http://www.statsf1.com/en/1977/grande-bretagne.aspx, (Accessed 06/05/2018)
Apollon • Brabham • Boro • BRM • Ensign • Ferrari • Fittipaldi • Hesketh • Kojima • LEC • Ligier • Lotus • March • McGuire • McLaren • Penske • Renault • Shadow • Surtees • Tyrrell • Wolf
Alfa Romeo • BRM • Ferrari • Ford Cosworth • Matra • Renault
Andersson • Andretti • Ashley • Binder • Bleekemolen • Brambilla • Depailler • de Dryver • Edwards • Ertl • Fittipaldi • Francia • Giacomelli • Hayje • Henton • Heyer • Hoffman • Hoshino • Hunt • Ickx • Jabouille • Jarier • Jones • Keegan • Kessel • Kozarowitzky • Laffite • Lauda • Leoni • Lunger • Mass • McGuire • Merzario • Neve • Nilsson • Oliver • Ongais • Pace • Patrese • Perkins • Peterson • Pilette • Purley • Pryce • Rebaque • Regazzoni • Reutemann • Ribeiro • I. Scheckter • J. Scheckter • Schuppan • Stuck • Sutcliffe • Takahashi • Takahara • Tambay • Trimmer • Villeneuve • de Villota • Watson • Zorzi
Apollon Fly • Brabham BT45 • Boro 001 • BRM P201 • BRM P207 • Ensign N177 • Ferrari 312T • Fittipaldi FD04 • Fittipaldi F5 • Hesketh 308 • Kojima KE009 • LEC CRP1 • Ligier JS7 • Lotus 78 • March 761 • March 771 • McGuire BM1 • McLaren M23 • McLaren M26 • Penske PC4 • Renault RS01 • Shadow DN5 • Shadow DN8 • Surtees TS19 • Tyrrell 007 • Tyrrell P34 • Wolf WR1 • Wolf WR2 • Wolf WR3
Bridgestone • Dunlop • Goodyear • Michelin
Argentina • Brazil • South Africa • United States West • Spain • Monaco • Belgium • Sweden • France • Britain • Germany • Austria • Netherlands • Italy • United States • Canada • Japan
Non-championship Races
Brooklands (1926 - 1927), Silverstone (1948 - Present), Aintree (1955 - 1962), Brands Hatch (1963 - 1986)
1950 • 1951 • 1952 • 1953 • 1954 • 1955 • 1956 • 1957 • 1958 • 1959 • 1960 • 1961 • 1962 • 1963 • 1964 • 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 • 1969 • 1970 • 1971 • 1972 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979 • 1980 • 1981 • 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989 • 1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 • 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011 • 2012 • 2013 • 2014 • 2015 • 2016 • 2017 • 2018 • 2019
1926 • 1927 • 1948 • 1949
European Grand Prix
Brands Hatch (1983, 1985), Nürburgring (1984, 1995–1996, 1999–2007), Donington (1993), Jerez (1994, 1997), Valencia (2008–2012), Baku (2016)
1950 • 1951 • 1952 • 1953 • 1954 • 1955 • 1956 • 1957 • 1958 • 1959 • 1960 • 1961 • 1962 • 1963 • 1964 • 1965 • 1966 • 1967 • 1968 • 1969–1971 • 1972 • 1973 • 1974 • 1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978–1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986–1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 • 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011 • 2012 • 2013–2015 • 2016
1923 • 1924 • 1925 • 1926 • 1927 • 1928 • 1929 • 1930 • 1931–1946 • 1947 • 1948 • 1949
Promotional Trophy
1975 • 1976 • 1977 • 1978 • 1979 • 1980 • 1981 • 1982 • 1983 • 1984 • 1985 • 1986 • 1987 • 1988 • 1989 • 1990 • 1991 • 1992 • 1993 • 1994 • 1995 • 1996 • 1997 • 1998 • 1999 • 2000 • 2001 • 2002 • 2003 • 2004 • 2005 • 2006 • 2007 • 2008 • 2009 • 2010 • 2011 • 2012 • 2013 • 2014 • 2015 • 2016 • 2017 • 2018 • 2019
Retrieved from "https://f1.fandom.com/wiki/1977_British_Grand_Prix?oldid=87332"
Formula One races in the United Kingdom


The only thing that has disappointed me so far with this series is the constant cover changes (seriously, please pick a scheme and stick with it, I need my series to match). After what seems like a 240284 year wait, I'm thrilled to say that Before the Devil Breaks You was wonderfully creepy and utterly perfect; if this series wasn't already on my "all-time-favourites" list, it definitely would be after this book.
Before the Devil Breaks You is the highest-stakes Diviners book yet, and it's also the creepiest. There are plenty of ghosts to go around, and further exploration of the 1920s political climate (racism, eugenics programs and the treatment of mentally ill individuals) adds extra weight to an already dark read.
Instead of focusing on any particular Diviner duo, Before the Devil Breaks You is group-oriented, letting all of the characters take their turn in the spotlight. While Evie and Theta will always hold special places in my heart, all of the characters have significant (and often unexpected) character arcs, some of which made me gasp out loud. I can't wait to see where they go next.


During the last academic year over £4,000 was raised through a number of fund raising activities such as: discos, personalised Christmas cards and a summer fete.
This year our fund raising will be to support the areas of arts and music. One of our first activities in September was a cake sale where over £600 was raised!
The activities organised by the Friends raise funds whilst also bringing the school community together - but they can only continue to happen with your support.
We rely on parents/guardians and the extended family to volunteer to help at events. It is an excellent opportunity to get involved in the school, raise funds and meet other parents.


More than one neck in your Vacbed?
Then you need more than one neck gasket in your arsenal!
This listing is for an additional, stand alone 'dicky' or "mock turtle neck" style Neck Gasket to add to your order, or for you to purchase alone for use with your existing gear.
If you have multiple users who like the neck gasket option in your vacuum item and you find that one size of neck gasket just isn't doing it for everyone we are now offering the ability to purchase a second "Neck Gasket Dicky" custom sized for the smaller necked users. Designed to keep a superior air tight seal (as apposed to using of a neck gasket that doesn't quite fit).
This should only be bought for a neck size SMALLER than the gasket in your current vacbed. There is no benefit to ordering one of these if the issue is that your neck is larger than the neck gasket installed in your current bed.
This is a large square of latex with a centre mounted neck gasket. You would shine the top of the Neck Gasket Dicky and place your head through BEFORE you get into your vacuum item, putting both your head, and the smaller neck gasket you are wearing, through the current Neck Gasket of the vacbed that you are using. It should look a bit like you are wearing a latex turtleneck in the vacbed.
Position yourself comfortably in the vacbed.
Press the front, back and sides of the Neck Gasket Dicky against the inside of the vacbed. If you have lightly shined it prior, it should have a bit of a stick to it.
Smooth any wrinkles and press out any bubbles.
This addition is much more air tight then wearing a neck gasket that is sized incorrectly. It is, however, less air tight than buying a bed that is sized correctly just for you. That being said you should still be able to turn off your vacuum for long periods of time (5-10 min) before needing quick bursts of the vacuum to maintain suction.
If you have any questions just ask! That's what we are here for!


Each year, the University of Alaska joins the national movement to honor April as Sexual Assault Awareness and Action Month (SAAM). Join us in upcoming SAAM events and activities and PWSC.
Prince William Sound College is hosting the Open House Scholarship Fundraiser on Saturday, May 4, from 11:00 to 2:00. The college will be showing off two new construction projects, a camper/toy hauler and a tiny house.
Students in Teresa Barton's Small Group Communications class are holding a food drive as a part of a class project.
This year's ViVA Outstanding Competitor Cup was awarded to David Perry of Wasilla, Alaska.
Therron Rude, a fifteen-year-old archer, won the $1,000 grand prize at the 9th annual Vegas in Valdez Archery Tournament (ViVA) held in Valdez, Alaska, on Sunday.
Shelby Gudgell is a student currently enrolled in the UAA nursing program at PWSC. She grew up in Valdez, Alaska.
The former fire chief and emergency manager for Valdez, George Keeney, started as an adjunct instructor teaching emergency medical services (EMS) at PWSC. He is now a full-time faculty member and has been working to expand the EMS programming at PWSC.
Jack Hebert, CEO & Founder Cold Climate Housing Research Center will be in Valdez for a public presentation on March 20. He will discuss current projects and ways to incorporate cold climate technology into home construction, remodeling, and winterization in Valdez.


text:
BottleRock Festival, Kesha Tour Headline Tickets On Sale Friday
Onsales January 9, 2020 Schae Beaudoin 0
BottleRock Festival7 general on sale143 Kesha21 Nick Cannon3 once upon a one more time2 Onsales439 tickets on sale163
California's BottleRock Festival and Kesha's spring tour are just some of the tickets going on sale Friday. BottleRock is Napa Valley's music, food and...
California's BottleRock Festival and Kesha's spring tour are just some of the tickets going on sale Friday. BottleRock is Napa Valley's music, food and beverage festival, with this year's performers including Red Hot Chili Peppers, Dave Matthews Band and Stevie Nicks. Miley Cyrus, Khalid and Anderson .Paak and the Free Nationals are also scheduled to perform. BottleRock will release single-day tickets on general sale tomorrow.
Kesha will hit the road this summer with bounce legend Big Freedia to support her upcoming album The High Road, with tickets also going on sale Friday. Citi will revive its Citi Sound Vault series leading up to the Grammys later this month. Performers this year include Coldplay, Brandi Carlile, Brittany Howard and the Jonas Brothers, with tickets on sale tomorrow as well. Additional tours with tickets up-for grabs Friday include Rod Stewart's tour with Cheap Trick, Jimmy Buffett's spring and summer shows and Motley Crue's recently-added dates to their reunion tour.
Nick Cannon's improv comedy show Wild N Out will also go on the road, with tickets on sale Friday. Comedian Ricky Gervais' SuperNature shows in Vancouver and Toronto will also have tickets available tomorrow. Mike Tyson's Undisputed Truth shows in Detroit, National Harbor and Northfield will go on sale Friday as well.
Once Upon A One More Time will premiere in April, with tickets on sale tomorrow. The show combines the music of Britney Spears with fairy tale princess stories. Chicago's James M. Nederlander Theatre will host the musical's April and May shows. Also in theater, Dear Evan Hansen performances in Detroit will be available on presale Friday.
The Allman Brothers' 50th-anniversary show at Madison Square Garden will also go on sale tomorrow. Surviving members of the band will reunite for the first time since the death of founding members Gregg Allman and Butch Trucks. Additional shows on sale include Billy Joel's May concert at Madison Square Garden, Carrie Underwood's Allentown Fair performance and Sasha Sloan's spring shows.
Tickets On Sale — Friday January 10, 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
History will be made at the 255th NYC Patrick's Parade up Fifth
After decades of dispute a great Grand Marshal and parade of equals.
Niall O'Dowd
Irish LGBT group Lavender & Green celebrate the "yes" vote for marriage equality in May 2015. Lavender & Green / Facebook.
History was made at the NY St. Patrick's Day Foundation dinner at the New York Athletic Club on Wednesday night when the move of the parade into the 21st century became official.
A parade that looked on the verge of extinction, with sponsors and many leading Irish American running for the hills, has come back from the dead and looks like becoming the single greatest institution in the Irish community in America once again.
The battle with the old guard, who were driving the parade over a cliff, has been won by men like Doctor John Lahey, the Chairman of the parade and men like Hilary Beirne and Sean Lane the founders of the St. Patrick's Day foundation with the assistance of the Irish government and, crucially, Cardinal Timothy Dolan who blessed the compromise and working plan.
The new parade inclusiveness, allowing Irish LGBT to march, was baptized in style on Wednesday night by Grand Marshal George Mitchell, who delivered a speech that surely surpassed everyone that came before in the history of the parade.
Mitchell, the Irish peace process savior and once, as Senate Majority Leader, four heart beats from the presidency, is not normally an emotional man but he revealed just what his Irish heritage meant to him amid a packed room hanging on every word.
In the broader context he talked about the militias in his native Maine set up to stop the Irish coming over the Maine border and then the hate that those who came anyway faced at a time when "No Irish Need Apply" signs were rampant.
Turning to his own family, Mitchell's father, son of an Irish immigrant, was an orphan adopted by an older Maine couple who grew up knowing little of his roots.
Indeed, his father only got a basic education and worked as a school janitor most of his life. His mother, a Lebanese immigrant, was illiterate.
Mitchell wonderfully caught the moment of the greatness of America, where he and his siblings all went to college and he went on to become one of the pre-eminent politicians in the United States, a man who turned down the Supreme Court when Bill Clinton offered it and most importantly for that poor orphaned boy who was his father, bringing peace to his ancestral homeland.
Mitchell spoke of walking the streets, hearing the accents, getting to know people who knew of his long ago family and he felt closer than ever to his roots.
It seems Mitchell was predestined to help Ireland.
At the event was Brendan Fay, founder of the Lavender and Green group and a devout Catholic who has persevered with dignity and grace for over 20 years and has finally been rewarded as well as Queens politician Danny Dromm who openly wept when the gay groups were allowed in the parade.
The 255th annual parade will rightly be one for the history books and a great example of what enlightened thinking can achieve. Success will have many fathers this St.Patrick's Day, a united parade for the first time in decades, a Grand Marshal who is the grandest of them all arguably and an Irish spirit that found a way, both through making peace in Ireland and solving the parade dilemma.
It's a time to be proud to be Irish.
Related: New York, St. Patrick's Day, LGBT, Catholic


We will discuss the implementation and calibration of a new GPS based water vapor monitor installed at Cerro Pachón for the Gemini Observatory in Chile. The primary goal of this system is the use of GPS signals to monitor the Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) in the atmosphere in near-realtime. This is vital in maximizing the efficiency of queue observations in the thermal infrared in which atmospheric transmission and sensitivity is highly dependent on PWV. The GPS WV system was calibrated using near-IR spectroscopy of known water lines based on atmosphere models and imaging the thermal mid-IR background. Observations were conducted using the near-IR imager/spectrometer Phoenix for K, L, and M-band spectroscopy (2.2μm, 3.5μm, 4.5μm) and the mid-infrared imager/spectrometer T-ReCS imaging between 8-20 μm.


Qualcomm on Wednesday announced the Vision Intelligence Platform, its latest offering coming in the form of a chipset series specifically designed for the Internet of Things segment. The lineup is Qualcomm's first product family of its kind built on the 10nm FinFET process node technology and entails two chips - the QCS603 and QCS605. As is the case with the company's recent smartphone silicon, the Vision Intelligence Platform places a major emphasis on local artificial intelligence computing and use cases spanning everything from computer vision to general machine learning, being equipped with the firm's AI Engine and its latest image signal processor.
Among other things, Qualcomm sees the QCS603 and QCS605 eventually powering high-end 180- and 360-degree cameras, smart displays, wearables, robots, and conventional camera security systems. The ultimate goal of the new solutions is to allow for "significantly smarter" IoT devices, according to the tech giant's Product Management VP Joseph Bousaba. The QCS603 and QCS605 both rely on ARM-based multicore CPUs and a vector processor, thus effectively being IoT counterparts to the company's latest mobile chips. The hardware should allow for more efficient IoT applications including edge computing, with Qualcomm seeking to streamline its implementations by offering both computer vision and machine learning software development kits that will allow manufacturers to commercialize the new chips without having to code for them from scratch. In terms of technical details, the new silicon series offers Qualcomm's octa-core Kryo 300 CPU, Adreno 615 GPU, Spectra 270 ISP, dedicated sensor and audio DSPs, and the Hexagon 685 Vector Processor. Bluetooth 5.1 and aptX audio support is also part of the package, as is compatibility with the firm's proprietary 3D Audio Suite and the 2x2 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard with MU-MIMO.
Qualcomm is already sampling both the QCS603 and QCS605, as well as several VR 360 camera reference designs based on the latter chip which were devised in collaboration with original design manufacturer Altek Corporation. Flow production is expected to begin in the second half of the year, meaning first commercial products powered by the newly announced IoT chips may debut even before the next holiday season. Ricoh THETA and KEDACOM both already formalized plans to commercialize Qualcomm's Vision Intelligence Platform in the near future, the San Diego-based chipmaker said.


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Incarnation is probably the accepted operations to dispose your waste which is generated by way of projects including house remodelling, construction as well as commercial initiatives. In this method the waste elements is burned up into ashes, even so the drawback of this method is number of gases including carbon dioxide as well as hazardous unwanted gas are released straight into atmosphere triggering much harm to the environment. The issue of these dangerous gases will not be mitigated unless your emission of gases to the atmosphere is prevented by employing most advanced technology. However this method of disposing the squander is very costly and is highly recommended only inside the countries in which there is no sufficient land to dispose the trash.
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Renting a new dumpster can be a very useful service for most different initiatives. But just like any other purchase, remember the previous phrase "buyer beware". Ask a lot concerns and make sure you have an all comprehensive, flat rate on your own dumpster order. Utilize questions as well as guidelines over to help traverse the 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Purling, NY method and you should end up a happy as well as knowledgeable client! They save from the monotonous job of separating eco-friendly as well as non eco-friendly squander by yourself. Simply by dumping all of the waste materials in their dumpster, you are entirely finished with your job.
These little dumpster are most commonly used by getting rid of basic household items, including books, boxes, furniture, reports and little piping. They can be good for carefully clearing out a single small room After you have handled your rubbish issue as well as removed anything that just isn't going to belong in this section of the residence, work with as well as more controllable mountain that you're left with. You will find got just about any already, put money into some huge plastic storage containers. These are great for things like periodic decorations as well as winter garments; they maintain these items taken care of and make them easier to discover when you need them (remember to content label the boxes!) Consider adding shelf for the scaled-down stuff, and of course be sure to clear down there once in a while while so that it doesn't get out of control again.
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Moenika Wells is beginning her 5th year with DaVinci Academy as an Educational Specialist. Moenika completed her bachelor's degree in Elementary Education from Dixie State University in 2010. Moenika taught 4th grade in Washington County before moving to Logan and joining the DaVinci team. Although she loved teaching, her job as an Educational Specialist is her favorite job ever. She thinks the best part of her job is getting to interact with so many wonderful families. The highlight of Moenika's life is her little family of four including her husband and their two children.
Meagan Brewer is excited to begin her second year of teaching at Davinci Academy. She has earned a Bachelors of Science degree in History as well as minors in Sociology and FCHD from Utah State University. Meagan has volunteered in classrooms working with students one on one, helping them achieve their academic goals. Meagan loves to make learning exciting by teaching through experiments and hands-on activities! Meagan feels her greatest accomplishments are her three children!
start up a preschool program in the Logan City School District. She spent the next 2 years working with students at Mount Logan Middle School. Sharon loves working with people, learning new things, and teaching.


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1.Had a look at the drawings for the new workshop.
2.Started writing about 30 posts for the Bike Trailer Blog simultaneously.
3.Spent way to much time messing around in the world of Search Engine Optimization.
My buddy Pete showed up with the layout for the new workshop. It's looking nice. Now its time to haggle over the price a bit and submit the plans to the city.
I decided that Blogging about Bike Trailers is kind of like writing multiple chapters of a book. There is no need for a chronological publishing of the various posts. I decided to start writing all of my posts simultaneously. As I do research for one post, I find plenty of info for the other posts. I find myself wanting to jump around from post to post and publish each one whenever it happens to be completed.
I spent my time chasing my tail through the depths of the Internet this week trying to figure out how to climb up the search rankings in Google and Yahoo. Whenever I delve into the techno-geek realm, I sense that I am getting in way over my head. I'm usually tempted in by some blog that someone writes about how simple it is to improve your Google rankings with a few simple updates. But those updates always seem to take me down a long winding corridor of tough fixes and a multiplying array of options.
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A case brief/ court opinion is an analytical document that explores the salient features of an appellate court decision. It outlines all the relevant facts and legal issues that influence a court's decision on a given appellate case. As such, a written brief is particularly vital to the understanding of judicial issues and especially appellate cases. This paper presents a written case brief of an appellate case between Citizens United and Federal Electoral Commission determined in 2010.
This case, No. 08-205, is an appeal from the United States district court of Columbia. It was first argued on March 24th 2009 and reargued September 9th 2009. Its determination was in January 21st 2010.
The Law:
This case was in pursuant of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA), otherwise known as the McCain–Feingold Act, 2 U.S.C. § 441b. This act restricts corporations and unions from funding any electioneering communications within 30days or 60 days of a primary and general election respectively. However, the act has provision for unions and corporations to form a political action committee (PAC), to run their political agenda like direct advocacy for a given candidate as long as they do not draw funds from the general treasury. The act also allows independent persons to fund any electioneering communication of their choice.
The Arguments.
In this case, Citizens United which is a conservative non-profit organization had sought to air a political documentary featuring senator Hillary Clinton. Their action was motivated by FEC's decision of allowing the running of Fahrenheit 9/11 political documentary during the 2004 campaign. However, their plans were thwarted by United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The court ruled that such an action violated the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 outlawing "electioneering communications" 30 days before party conventions. This however, is not entirely true because of the following reasons: First, the outlawing of Hillary: the movie on grounds that it is funded by a corporation culminates into usurping of fundamental freedom of speech. Secondly, the fact that Hillary is not publicly distributed disqualifies it as an electioneering communication covered by §441b.
These two reasons clearly shows that FEC has violated Citizen United's right to free speech and that the lower court did not observe this constitutional rights. The court of appeal therefore, overrules the decision of the lower court with an intention of ensuring that fundamental rights are preserved in line with the first amendment. It is necessary to pinpoint that the court of appeal's action is guided by the difference between judicial restraint and judicial abdication. From this difference, overruling prior decisions are necessary. However, the court of appeal seems to have overstepped its mandate by failing to deal decisively with corporations' clear desire to undermine elections. American people have always wanted dignified elections with minimal manipulation from any company or group of person.
The Facts of the Case and the holding.
The court has somehow overlooked this by partly granting corporate funds to election kitty. Election kitty is a pool of money contributed for the purpose of funding election campaigns for a particular party or individual. The court of appeal held that Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 will not apply to Hillary the Movie because it is not publicly distributed. It also states that that §441b will not be applied to Hillary under Federal Election commission vs. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc., 551 U. S. 449 because communication advising citizens to vote wisely is not illegal. Consequently, Citizens United won, which led to allowing foreign corporations to contribute to our national elections.
Rules, Maxims, Doctrines.
The implication of the case on society covers the socio-political and economic spheres. Politically, there will be an influx of specific interest money seeking to establish governments that will serve the interests of such financiers. This will have a negative impact on United States democracy. Socially, a new crop of leaders with selfish interest will most certainly have their way backed with fat campaign accounts. This will affect service delivery to the people. Service delivery here refers to the government's duty of ensuring that people's socio-economic needs are met. Economically, financial institutions and Wall Street will have immense power to decide who wins the election as they are now free to bankroll campaigns.
Dissenting/Concurring Opinions.
The dissenting opinions in this case were along general fears that the court's decision lacked the people's interests. Justice Stevens quotes that the decision will most certainly undermine the integrity of elected institutions across the Nation. Concurrences emphasized that freedom of speech includes the corporate worlds too (Scalia opinion).
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Washington, DC/Lakeville, CT (August 23, 2016) – The universe of federally registered investment advisers continued to grow in 2016 – adding more firms and more jobs, while managing assets for a greater number of clients, according to the just-released 2016 Evolution Revolution.
The 16th edition of this annual joint study by the Investment Adviser Association (IAA) and National Regulatory Services (NRS) paints a picture of a strong industry that has remained resilient despite flat markets.
The number of SEC-registered investment advisers continues to grow. This year's report contains data on 11,847 federally registered advisers, a net increase of 3.3 percent over 2015.
The industry continues to be a powerful creator of quality jobs. In 2016, advisers added 30,540 jobs to the economy, for a reported total of 781,335 non-clerical employees – a 4.1 percent increase over 2015. Of that total, 386,532 employees provide investment advisory services, including research – a healthy increase of 10,023 since 2015. Job growth is reflected in firms of all sizes.
Small businesses are the core of the federally registered investment adviser industry. In 2016, 87.8 percent (10,404) investment advisers reporting employing 50 or fewer non-clerical individuals – while 56.8 percent (6,725) reported have 10 or fewer non-clerical employees. Industrywide, the median number of employees is nine.
Aggregate RAUM managed by SEC-registered advisers remains substantial – $66.8 trillion – but is flat relative to last year. Total RAUM grew by $148 billion – a slight 0.2 percent increase over 2015's $66.7 trillion – reflecting the generally flat markets in the past year.
Federally registered investment advisers now serve more than 36.4 million clients – up substantially from 2015. Continuing a strong trend and underscoring the vitality of the investment adviser profession, the number of clients grew by 22.4 percent over 2015. The increase is primarily due to the rise of automated advice for retirement plan participants and the growing popularity of web-based and app-based savings and investment models. The number of advisers reporting that they provide advice exclusively through an interactive website rose by 47 firms – nearly 60 percent – to a total of 126.
The largest firms manage more than half the assets, but smaller firms are growing faster. The 121 firms with RAUM over $100 billion manage 53.7 percent of the total industry RAUM, but for the first time in recent history there are fewer of them (down from 128 firms in 2015), with less RAUM (down two percent from 2015). By contrast, the 8,565 firms (72.3 percent) with RAUM under $1 billion manage just 3.4 percent of total industry RAUM, but their RAUM was up by 2.5 percent in 2016. Firms with RAUM between $1 billion and $100 billion saw their RAUM grow by 3.1 percent.
Individuals comprise the largest categories of advisory clients, with pension plans coming in second. Almost 61 percent of advisers serve either high net worth or non-high net worth individuals or both, while 46.6 percent reported that at least one client is a pension or profit-sharing plan (not including plan participants or state or local pension plans).
Most advisers focus on one category of client. More than 87 percent of advisers report that a majority of their clients are in a single category. For example, almost 51 percent of advisers report that more than half of their clients are individuals. Another 29 percent report that most of their clients are pooled vehicles (registered or unregistered).
The number of private funds and registered private fund advisers is growing. This year, 4,448 advisers reported advising 32,445 private funds with total gross asset value of $10.5 trillion – up from 4,350, 30,342, and $10.4 trillion respectively in 2015. Hedge funds and private equity funds are equally represented, with 35.8 percent each, in this space.
2016 Evolution Revolution study provides a full portrait of the SEC-registered investment adviser profession, presenting data on these major themes as well as industry concentration, compensation, non-core business activities, financial industry affiliations, geographic concentrations, disciplinary information, and more.
2016 Evolution Revolution is available on the IAA website and on the NRS website.
The Investment Adviser Association (IAA) is the leading trade association representing the interests of SEC-registered investment adviser firms. The IAA's more than 600 member firms collectively manage nearly $20 trillion in assets for a wide variety of institutional and individual investors. In addition to serving as the voice of the advisory profession on Capitol Hill and before the SEC, DOL, CFTC and other U.S. and international regulators, the IAA provides extensive compliance and educational services to its membership. For more information, visit www.investmentadviser.org or follow us on LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube.


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Ministers urged to act on Uber's 50-company Dutch tax shelter
The Dutch government should thoroughly investigate the network of 50 or so Uber shell companies registered in the Netherlands because of the implications for the global economy, according to an Australian NGO which investigated the company's tax set-up.
Taxi and meal delivery giant Uber shifted $5.8bn through 50 or so shell companies in the Netherlands in 2019 after creating a massive tax shelter, according to research by Australia based tax research institute Cictar.
The research was carried out on behalf of Dutch trade union federation FNV, which has been campaigning for more rights for both Uber's freelance taxi drivers and delivery workers.
The shelter was created in 2019 when Uber transferred its intellectual property rights from Bermuda to the Netherlands. The sale was financed with a $16bn loan from an Uber subsidiary in Singapore which, in turn, is the immediate parent company of the Dutch shell company that controls Uber's global empire.
Yet despite reaping a global operating revenue of over $5.8bn in 2019, the Dutch shell company reported a loss of $4.6bn. And Cictar says accrued interest on the Singapore loan will further reduce the company's taxable income in the Netherlands by $1bn a year for the next 20 years.
Revenue generated by Uber's global ride-sharing and meal delivery services, excluding the US and China, accumulates in the Dutch subsidiaries which own the technology – or intellectual property rights – behind the Uber apps. This means that profits generated through the apps are earned in the Netherlands.
In addition, Cictar said, Uber's Dutch subsidiaries manage the large global payments from consumers and remittance flows to Uber workers. 'Uber's business model is being challenged in many jurisdictions. However, it has largely been able to avoid being classified as a transport company, avoid acknowledging workers as employees and avoid regulation for banking operations,' the report said.
Tax reforms
Ultimately, we need global tax reforms so that Uber and other multinationals are taxed on global profits and tax revenues are distributed based on where profits are genuinely earned, Cictar senior analyst Jason Ward told DutchNews.nl.
'Given that Uber has concocted an artificial "sale" of its intellectual property from Bermuda to the Netherlands in order to create this massive global tax shelter, the Dutch government has a responsibility to thoroughly investigate the legitimacy of this series of transactions which have global implications,' he said.
'Additionally, the Dutch government – given the global scale of banking transactions through the Netherlands – should consider whether Uber should be regulated as a financial institution. Uber's only banking license is issued by the Dutch central bank.'
Uber did not respond to DutchNews.nl's requests for comment.