What are some of the things that the best researchers learn, yet some professionals never find out? What do new business researchers need to know about doing an analysis? There's more guidance on ethical questions and commercial relationships at some research firms than on doing the research itself. Here are 20 of suggestions, which I noted down after a talk by Professor John Amis, followed by seven from Nick Patience. Nick wrote over 1000 reports in his tenure as co-founder of 451 Research and found time to give these suggestions while completing his keynote talk at the 2014 AR Forum. Nick is a fellow University of London masters graduate, and had made a substantial contribution to developing Kea's understand of what strong, or weak, research looks like. It got me thinking about the session at the 2014 AR Forum about AR certification, run by John's colleague Neil Pollock, and the realisation that there's no certification or independent training for market analysts and many other business researchers.
Decide on your career direction. It's very easy to get channelled by your colleagues into a routine and initially safe work on legacy technologies that are heading for the scrapheap. If that's what you want, then that's great. Otherwise, think of where you want to be and plan back from there.
Think about your aptitudes and skills, not just your research coverage. Build new skills, new languages and new capacities.
Read other people's research to absorb as much context as possible. This will be heresy in some places, and especially the idea of reading other folk in other organisations, but reading research is as essential as speaking to people in industry. You can see areas for cooperation and synergy, and see the white space between coverage areas, only if you read around and discuss with your peers.
Model what the best researchers do. Not every successful researcher is a role model: R "Ray" Wang tweets so often (65 times a day) we all doubt that he sleeps. But the best researchers can be learnt from: keep a keen eye on what they do to be successful, not just the results of their success.
Write. It's not easy, but you have to write every day. Write even if it's marginal to your topic. Write even if it's a bridge that stops midway over the river.
Then also learn that writing is a craft. Listen to your editors, if you are lucky enough to have them. Your readers are even less well informed than your editors. Read books on writing (I love The Pyramid Principle) but also remember that your readers will love writing that is amusing, well-structured, oriented around their questions and concise. Start with any one of those, and then master the others.
Fight complexity. Research should not be too complex for people outside your domain to at least have an idea of what you are talking about.
Accept that readers can't have perfection. Abstractions like technology models, forecasts, best practises and architectures are necessarily imperfect. They cannot be taken more seriously than weather forecasts, but are still useful guides for action and discussion.
Honour the staff. Researchers are not the aristocrats for whom the others labour; Treating the staff with respect, empathy and humour are essential for your survival and the team's.
Manage your online brand. Your profiles online are used by more people than you can imagine: get them right; get advice on how to improve them, and update them regularly. Do not let the organisation own your online brand.
Discuss options for what your research should look like. It's lucky if you're at a firm like Current Analysis or Forrester with detailed templates, helpful editors and a very clear idea of how research should be focused and structured. Love those formats and perfect them with others.
In the case of emergency, use data. Very few analyst firms conduct anything recognisable as methodologically-sound research. Using data, and using it early, is a key competitive advantage and a great breaker of logjams.
Ask practitioners about what's not working, not just their practice. Best practise isn't always very good. They have problems that are they can avoid facing up to now, but you can benefit from discussing them and finding ways to name and mitigate the risks in the future.
Co-author. Look for special topics, unexpected events, curious overlaps and anything else that allows you to develop more 'shelf-space' and more experiences of working with others.
Write down the gaps and weaknesses. It's hard to admit where the weak spots are. Often it's best to focus on strengths, but understand what the weaknesses are so you can seize the opportunities to strengthen your work and reputation.
Don't be afraid to throw it away. It's essential to read around and speak with practitioners. Sometimes they will lead down a dead end – and perhaps down a road that hasn't been built yet. Don't throw good time after bad: get back on track fast.
Be in the office as much as you can. Sorry, but it's true. Socialise. Develop your peer group connections with the rest of the organisation. Allow serendipity.
Expect rejections and that great work will be spiked. Don't cry over spilt milk. Sometimes the work was not great; sometimes it's not the right time for what you're written.
Your work doesn't have to be articulated so that it only makes sense with pre-reading. It's very easy to write with the assumption that everyone has read everything you have written. In fact, that's not good for the reader and it wastes your time. Readers don't want to read other work that's good: they want to have free-standing pieces of work. Few readers care about work that was not good. They want what you think is now true: you don't need self-criticism.
More than anything else, look for inconsistencies: do these solutions produce the results they aim for; are the most innovative firms more competitive; do the best technologies win? Nick adds: "maintain a sceptical viewpoint. If you don't, you're not analysing anything; you're just parroting the marketing message of the vendor back out to the world." I would extend it further: some people you speak to will mislead you, and not always mistakenly.
The following points are from Nick.
Learn the skill of research – being able to look stuff up on Google isn't enough – and anyone can do that. You need to know what to look for, what to ignore, which sources you can trust. Being able to ask salient questions is a skill.
Learn (at least) the basis of corporate finance. Understand the difference between profit & loss, balance sheets & cash flow statements. Understand what profit means vs revenue etc. This helps having the wool pulled over your eyes when a company isn't performing as well as it might.
As the right questions by planning in advance. If you ask the right questions and write down the answers, then your at least halfway there with the report. Have a set of standard questions to ask each party, e.g. vendor, investor, customer. Start with those and tweak them.
Take notes electronically, not on paper. This one seems obvious, but I'm astonished how many people don't understand the value of being able to search for what you've written, especially when you have to write so much.
Briefings should beget additional briefings. Right down things to follow up on in the future and set reminders to do that.
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I was very fortunate to actually have some 'training' when I joined Ovum back in 1998 by the legendary Phil Carnelley & David Lewin. The firm also engaged outside consultants to teach us basic finance and report writing techniques. Few new analysts today have that luxury. I endorse Nick's advice 100% – the only thing I might add is don't be afraid to be wrong or bold. If you are consistently wrong you have a problem, if you are wrong and prepared to admit your mistakes (a major issue in this industry) then you can afford to be a little bolder. So many analysts have incredibly useful insights and projections that they are wary to committing to a report – and many analyst firms edit out or dilute strong and insightful opinions. This is IMO to the detriment of the analyst world.
Of all Nick's many good points the one I would highlight is 'read other analysts research' – find the best in your area and read them. Benchmark your work against theirs and set the bar high.
– Cultivate your sources. Build a relationship with key subject matter experts and AR contacts in your area of coverage. Ideally you should be in the position where key execs in vendors you follow will return your calls because they value interaction with you. Remember it's a relationship game.
– Be courteous in your interactions with other analysts. Breakouts or other briefing sessions typically involve multiple analysts from multiple research firms. Do not hog the sessions or derail them with endless questions or arguments on your own particular hobby horse. By all means take the point offline with the speaker if you feel you are not getting the right answers but remember the other alysts in the room are there to hear the briefing not just you. They may even have questions or a point of view of their own if only they could get a word in edgeways.


Mozilla to TRAI: "toll free API and rewards-based incentives model threaten the open Internet"
The Mozilla Foundation said in its submission that the models proposed by the Indian telecom regulator's to giving cheap Internet may undermine its own decision of banning differential pricing. The filing was in response to the consultation paper that the the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) released in May 2016 discussing ways to provide cheap Internet access in India.
The last two models are especially harmful and violate the principals of net neutrality as we have pointed out before.
The foundation said that it doesn't support the argument that providing limited access to a small number of websites to those who have not used Internet before offsets the harmful effects of discriminatory pricing.
It is difficult to see how some of the models described in this consultation comport with the equal-rating principles or with TRAI's previous regulatory guidance in the Data Services regulation. More specifically, we are concerned that the toll free API and rewards-based incentives model threaten the open Internet and would ultimately undermine TRAI goals of protecting Indian users.
Telco agnostic platforms don't solve the problem: The foundation said there may still be a threat to the openness of the Internet and the risks posed by differential pricing will be left unattended even if a telecom operator agnostic platform rewards users with recharge for data. In this case, the platform effectively becoming the gatekeeper, performing the role of a telecom operator.
A TSP that charges different rates for data services depending on the content would directly undermine openness and user choice. Similarly, when a content platform is subsidizing the costs of the data of users to access their service, the end user's experience is the same as if a TSP was involved: a user can access some content on the Internet for free or at a lower cost while having to pay for other content.
Toll-free model is bad: Mozilla argued that such a system will erode the benefits of level playing field that the Internet provides and will influence user choice.
…The toll free model is not content- agnostic and is a form of pay-per-play. It would lead to favoured content in the Internet ecosystem, the outcome that TRAI's prohibition on differential pricing sought to eliminate.
It added that any business that rewards consumers for using certain websites or applications should be treated as a form of price discrimination, adding that such a system will favour the big companies, who have with the wherewithal to provide subsidies.
Direct money transfer model could work: The foundation found this one to be an acceptable alternative to provide subsidised Internet access without violating net neutrality — but only under certain conditions.
…A direct money transfer would be acceptable if it subsidized access to the full diversity of the open Internet without discrimination on the basis of content, application, or service sought by the user, nor type of content, application, or service.
However, it also raised two red flags regarding this model: the threat of user privacy getting compromised and a scenario in which the users get cash from content providers for using specific sites or applications, resulting in price discrimination.
Content agnostic: The service provider should not subsidise the user based on the type content, application or service.
This does not mean that a service provider cannot limit the user to predetermined amounts of subsidisation – merely that the provider cannot control that decision on the basis of content, application, or service sought by the user, nor type of content, application, or service.
No gatekeepers: No one should be in a position to decide which services will be included in a subsidisation scheme and which ones should be left out.
Even if the criteria applied are facially neutral, the process creates the possibility of subjective decision-making that introduces a risk of content-specific bias into the system.
No pay-for-play: The foundation said such systems will favour the big companies over the smaller ones and carry the same risk that arise with discriminatory practices.
Allowing content providers to buy their own subsidisation injects the same types of harms as paid prioritisation in the context of traditional network neutrality analyses.
Very thoughtful post - thanks for sharing. On the issue of mobile zero-rating generally, there is another path that could avoid the conflict altogether. Mobile carriers could embrace simple, "network independent" toll-free apps and achieve the same benefits for themselves and their customers. This is because "autonomous" toll-free app tech is designed to prevent perceived forms of network induced prioritization / favoritism / price discrimination (intentional or accidental), and if implemented properly cannot violate NN principles. With a network independent app, the carrier literally can''t see whether the app requesting data from the network is subsidized or not by the app creator (the app acts to make the carrier "blind " as to which apps are / are not subsidized - ergo discrimination / app favoritism not possible). Also, the regulator''s remit likely ends at the core network''s edge -- not extending to the billions of independent apps (3rd party software, whether toll-free apps or otherwise) that already reside on phones after being installed at the sole discretion of the phone owner. Since software / apps are likely an Article 19 free speech protection issue, one will not wish to regulate where and how coders may or may not install their app creations as this too could limit publication freedoms for other forms of written expression.


text:
Xiaofei Wang
Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics
Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials
Nonparametric and Semiparametric Methods
Statistical Methods for Diagnostic and Predictive Medicine
Biomarker Discovery and Validation
Health Outcomes Research
Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Basic Science Departments 2020
Member of the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke Cancer Institute, Institutes and Centers 2015
2424 Erwin Road Suite 1102, 11080 Hock Plaza, Duke Box 272, Durham, NC 27705
Duke Box 2721, Durham, NC 27710
xiaofei.wang@duke.edu (919) 681-5406
Education, Training, & Certifications
Graduate Research Assistant, Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1996 - 2003
Graduate Research Assistant, Computer Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1994 - 1996
Duke Appointment History
Associate Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Basic Science Departments 2012 - 2019
Assistant Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Basic Science Departments 2007 - 2012
Assistant Research Professor of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Basic Science Departments 2004 - 2007
Instructor, Temporary of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Basic Science Departments 2003
Global Scholarship
China (Country)
Administrative Core awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2015 - 2020
Innovative Biomarker-Integrated Clinical Trial Design and Analysis awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2015 - 2020
Methods for Discovery and Analysis of Dynamic Treatment Regimes awarded by University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill 2015 - 2020
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology Operations Center - Administrative Core awarded by Brigham and Women's Hospital 2019 - 2020
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology awarded by Mayo Clinic 2019 - 2020
Alliance Foundation Trials - IT Infrastructure 2018 - 2019
Alliance NCORP Research Base awarded by Mayo Clinic 2014 - 2019
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology awarded by Brigham and Women's Hospital 2014 - 2019
National Clinical Trials Network - Network Group Statistics and DMCs awarded by Mayo Clinic 2014 - 2017
Translational meta-analysis for elderly lung cancer patients awarded by National Institutes of Health 2013 - 2016
Cancer and Leukemia Group B Statistical Center awarded by National Institutes of Health 1982 - 2010
Semiparametric ROC Curve Regression for Cancer Screening Studies awarded by National Institutes of Health 2007 - 2010
George, Stephen L., Xiaofei Wang, and Herbert Pang. Cancer Clinical Trials Current and Controversial Issues in Design and Analysis. CRC Press, 2016.
Giovacchini, Coral X., Edward R. Kessler, Christopher M. Merrick, Junheng Gao, Xiaofei Wang, Momen M. Wahidi, Scott L. Shofer, George Z. Cheng, and Kamran Mahmood. "Clinical and radiographic predictors of successful therapeutic bronchoscopy for the relief of malignant central airway obstruction.." Bmc Pulm Med 19, no. 1 (November 21, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-019-0987-3.
Jacobs, Corbin D., Junheng Gao, Xiaofei Wang, Jeffrey M. Clarke, Betty Tong, Neal E. Ready, Gita Suneja, Chris R. Kelsey, and Jordan A. Torok. "Definitive Radiotherapy for Inoperable Stage IIB Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: Patterns of Care and Comparative Effectiveness.." Clin Lung Cancer, October 19, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2019.10.005.
Stinchcombe, Thomas E., Pasi A. Jänne, Xiaofei Wang, Erin M. Bertino, Jared Weiss, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Lin Gu, et al. "Effect of Erlotinib Plus Bevacizumab vs Erlotinib Alone on Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.." Jama Oncol, August 8, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.1847.
Ganti, Apar Kishor, Xiaofei Wang, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Yinpeng Wang, Jeffrey Bradley, Harvey J. Cohen, Karen Kelly, et al. "Clinical prognostic model for older patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.." J Geriatr Oncol 10, no. 4 (July 2019): 555–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2019.02.007.
Zhang, Jianrong, Wenhua Liang, Hengrui Liang, Xiaofei Wang, and Jianxing He. "Endpoint surrogacy in oncological randomized controlled trials with immunotherapies: a systematic review of trial-level and arm-level meta-analyses.." Ann Transl Med 7, no. 11 (June 2019). https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2019.04.72.
Hamy, Anne-Sophie, Sandrine Tury, Xiaofei Wang, Junheng Gao, Jean-Yves Pierga, Sylvie Giacchetti, Etienne Brain, et al. "Celecoxib With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Might Worsen Outcomes Differentially by COX-2 Expression and ER Status: Exploratory Analysis of the REMAGUS02 Trial.." J Clin Oncol 37, no. 8 (March 10, 2019): 624–35. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.18.00636.
Schild, Steven E., Wen Fan, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Everett E. Vokes, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Jeffrey D. Bradley, Karen Kelly, Herbert H. Pang, and Xiaofei Wang. "Toxicity Related to Radiotherapy Dose and Targeting Strategy: A Pooled Analysis of Cooperative Group Trials of Combined Modality Therapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.." J Thorac Oncol 14, no. 2 (February 2019): 298–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2018.09.021.
Stinchcombe, Thomas E., Wen Fan, Steven E. Schild, Everett E. Vokes, Jeff Bogart, Quynh-Thu Le, Charles R. Thomas, et al. "A pooled analysis of individual patient data from National Clinical Trials Network clinical trials of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer in elderly patients versus younger patients.." Cancer 125, no. 3 (February 1, 2019): 382–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.31813.
Gao, Hao, Chris R. Kelsey, John Boyle, Tianyi Xie, Suzanne Catalano, Xiaofei Wang, and Fang-Fang Yin. "Impact of Esophageal Motion on Dosimetry and Toxicity With Thoracic Radiation Therapy.." Technol Cancer Res Treat 18 (January 2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/1533033819849073.
Full Text Open Access Copy Link to Item
Wang, Xiaofei, Fangfang Bai, Herbert Pang, and Stephen L. George. "Bias-adjusted Kaplan-Meier survival curves for marginal treatment effect in observational studies.." J Biopharm Stat 29, no. 4 (2019): 592–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2019.1633659.
Wang, Ting, Xiaofei Wang, Haibo Zhou, Jianwen Cai, and Stephen L. George. "Auxiliary variable-enriched biomarker-stratified design.." Stat Med 37, no. 30 (December 30, 2018): 4610–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7938.
Altorki, Nasser K., Xiaofei Wang, Dennis Wigle, Lin Gu, Gail Darling, Ahmad S. Ashrafi, Rodney Landrenau, et al. "Perioperative mortality and morbidity after sublobar versus lobar resection for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: post-hoc analysis of an international, randomised, phase 3 trial (CALGB/Alliance 140503).." Lancet Respir Med 6, no. 12 (December 2018): 915–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30411-9.
Yang, Chi-Fu Jeffrey, Derek Y. Chan, Shivani A. Shah, Babatunde A. Yerokun, Xiaofei F. Wang, Thomas A. D'Amico, Mark F. Berry, and David H. Harpole. "Long-term Survival After Surgery Compared With Concurrent Chemoradiation for Node-negative Small Cell Lung Cancer.." Ann Surg 268, no. 6 (December 2018): 1105–12. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002287.
Li, Zhiguo, Xiaofei Wang, Yuan Wu, and Kouros Owzar. "Sample size calculation for studies with grouped survival data.." Stat Med 37, no. 27 (November 30, 2018): 3904–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.7847.
Kinsey, Emily, Elizabeth Ajazi, Xiaofei Wang, Mary Ann Mayzie Johnston, and Jeffrey Crawford. "Predictors of Physical and Functional Loss in Advanced-Stage Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Platinum Chemotherapy.." J Thorac Oncol 13, no. 9 (September 2018): 1294–1301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2018.05.029.
Schild, Steven E., Herbert H. Pang, Wen Fan, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Everett E. Vokes, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Jeffrey D. Bradley, Karen Kelly, and Xiaofei Wang. "Exploring Radiotherapy Targeting Strategy and Dose: A Pooled Analysis of Cooperative Group Trials of Combined Modality Therapy for Stage III NSCLC.." J Thorac Oncol 13, no. 8 (August 2018): 1171–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2018.04.011.
Urbanic, James J., Xiaofei Wang, Jeffrey A. Bogart, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Lydia Hodgson, Steven E. Schild, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Olwen Hahn, Ravi Salgia, and Everett E. Vokes. "Phase 1 Study of Accelerated Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy With Concurrent Chemotherapy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 31102 (Alliance).." Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 101, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 177–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.01.046.
Yang, Chi-Fu Jeffrey, Frances McSherry, Nicholas R. Mayne, Xiaofei Wang, Mark F. Berry, Betty Tong, David H. Harpole, et al. "Surgical Outcomes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Ipilimumab for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.." Ann Thorac Surg 105, no. 3 (March 2018): 924–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.09.030.
Nasution, Marlina D., and Xiaofei Wang. "Statistical issues and advances in cancer precision medicine research.." J Biopharm Stat 28, no. 2 (2018): 215–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2017.1405013.
Wang, Xiaofei, Jingzhu Zhou, Ting Wang, and Stephen L. George. "On Enrichment Strategies for Biomarker Stratified Clinical Trials.." J Biopharm Stat 28, no. 2 (2018): 292–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/10543406.2017.1379532.
Yi, John S., Neal Ready, Patrick Healy, Chelsae Dumbauld, Robyn Osborne, Mark Berry, Debra Shoemaker, et al. "Immune Activation in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Ipilimumab.." Clin Cancer Res 23, no. 24 (December 15, 2017): 7474–82. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2005.
Yang, Chi-Fu Jeffrey, Hanghang Wang, Arvind Kumar, Xiaofei Wang, Matthew G. Hartwig, Thomas A. D'Amico, and Mark F. Berry. "Impact of Timing of Lobectomy on Survival for Clinical Stage IA Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma.." Chest 152, no. 6 (December 2017): 1239–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.07.032.
Stinchcombe, Thomas E., Ying Zhang, Everett E. Vokes, Joan H. Schiller, Jeffrey D. Bradley, Karen Kelly, Walter J. Curran, et al. "Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data on Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Elderly Patients Compared With Younger Patients Who Participated in US National Cancer Institute Cooperative Group Studies.." J Clin Oncol 35, no. 25 (September 1, 2017): 2885–92. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.71.4758.
Yao, Xiaoxin I., Xiaofei Wang, Paul J. Speicher, E Shelley Hwang, Perry Cheng, David H. Harpole, Mark F. Berry, Deborah Schrag, and Herbert H. Pang. "Reporting and Guidelines in Propensity Score Analysis: A Systematic Review of Cancer and Cancer Surgical Studies.." J Natl Cancer Inst 109, no. 8 (August 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djw323.
Yerokun, Babatunde A., Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, Brian C. Gulack, Xuechan Li, Michael S. Mulvihill, Lin Gu, Xiaofei Wang, et al. "A national analysis of wedge resection versus stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.." J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 154, no. 2 (August 2017): 675-686.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.02.065.
Edelman, Martin J., Xiaofei Wang, Lydia Hodgson, Richard T. Cheney, Maria Q. Baggstrom, Sachdev P. Thomas, Ajeet Gajra, et al. "Phase III Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of Celecoxib in Addition to Standard Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer With Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression: CALGB 30801 (Alliance).." J Clin Oncol 35, no. 19 (July 1, 2017): 2184–92. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.71.3743.
Kohman, Leslie J., Lin Gu, Nasser Altorki, Ernest Scalzetti, Linda J. Veit, Jason M. Wallen, and Xiaofei Wang. "Biopsy first: Lessons learned from Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 140503.." J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 153, no. 6 (June 2017): 1592–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.12.045.
Baggstrom, Maria Q., Mark A. Socinski, Xiaofei F. Wang, Lin Gu, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Martin J. Edelman, Sherman Baker, et al. "Maintenance Sunitinib following Initial Platinum-Based Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced-Stage IIIB/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Study-CALGB 30607 (Alliance).." J Thorac Oncol 12, no. 5 (May 2017): 843–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2017.01.022.
Edelman, M. J., X. Wang, L. Hodgson, R. T. Cheney, M. Q. Baggstrom, T. Sachdev, A. Gajra, et al. "Final Results of a Phase 3 Trial of Celecoxib (C) in Addition to Standard Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With COX- 2 Overexpression: CALGB 30801 (Alliance).." Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 98, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 220–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.01.038.
Augert, Arnaud, Qing Zhang, Breanna Bates, Min Cui, Xiaofei Wang, Gary Wildey, Afshin Dowlati, and David MacPherson. "Small Cell Lung Cancer Exhibits Frequent Inactivating Mutations in the Histone Methyltransferase KMT2D/MLL2: CALGB 151111 (Alliance).." J Thorac Oncol 12, no. 4 (April 2017): 704–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2016.12.011.
Cox, Morgan L., Chi-Fu Jeffrey Yang, Paul J. Speicher, Kevin L. Anderson, Zachary W. Fitch, Lin Gu, Robert Patrick Davis, et al. "The Role of Extent of Surgical Resection and Lymph Node Assessment for Clinical Stage I Pulmonary Lepidic Adenocarcinoma: An Analysis of 1991 Patients.." J Thorac Oncol 12, no. 4 (April 2017): 689–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2017.01.003.
Hwang, E Shelley, and Xiaofei Wang. "Value of Propensity Score Matching to Study Surgical Outcomes.." Ann Surg 265, no. 3 (March 2017): 457–58. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000002125.
Wang, Xiaofei, Xiaoyi Wang, Lydia Hodgson, Stephen L. George, Daniel J. Sargent, Nate R. Foster, Apar Kishor Ganti, et al. "Validation of Progression-Free Survival as a Surrogate Endpoint for Overall Survival in Malignant Mesothelioma: Analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B and North Central Cancer Treatment Group (Alliance) Trials.." Oncologist 22, no. 2 (February 2017): 189–98. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0121.
Torok, Jordan A., Lin Gu, Daniel J. Tandberg, Xiaofei Wang, David H. Harpole, Chris R. Kelsey, and Joseph K. Salama. "Patterns of Distant Metastases After Surgical Management of Non-Small-cell Lung Cancer.." Clin Lung Cancer 18, no. 1 (January 2017): e57–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cllc.2016.06.011.
Wang, Xiao-Fei, Yi-Tong Zhu, Jia-Jia Wang, Da-Xiong Zeng, Chuan-Yong Mu, Yan-Bin Chen, Wei Lei, Ye-Han Zhu, and Jian-An Huang. "The prognostic value of interleukin-17 in lung cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis based on Chinese patients.." Plos One 12, no. 9 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185168.
Yang, Chi-Fu Jeffrey, Derek Y. Chan, Xiaofei Wang, Thomas A. D'Amico, David H. Harpole, and Mark F. Berry. "Reply to T.-H. Wang et al.." J Clin Oncol 35, no. 1 (January 2017): 118–20. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.68.6980.
Pang, Herbert H., Xiaofei Wang, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Melisa L. Wong, Perry Cheng, Apar Kishor Ganti, Daniel J. Sargent, et al. "Enrollment Trends and Disparity Among Patients With Lung Cancer in National Clinical Trials, 1990 to 2012.." J Clin Oncol 34, no. 33 (November 20, 2016): 3992–99. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2016.67.7088.
De Ruysscher, D., B. Lueza, C. Le Péchoux, D. H. Johnson, M. O'Brien, N. Murray, S. Spiro, et al. "Impact of thoracic radiotherapy timing in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: usefulness of the individual patient data meta-analysis.." Ann Oncol 27, no. 10 (October 2016): 1818–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdw263.
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Kratzke, Robert A., Xiaofei Wang, Long Wong, Marian G. Kratzke, Mark R. Green, Everett E. Vokes, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Hedy L. Kindler, Jeffrey A. Kern, and Jeffrey A. Cancer and Leukemia Group B. "Response to the methylation inhibitor dihydro-5-azacytidine in mesothelioma is not associated with methylation of p16INK4a: results of cancer and leukemia group B 159904.." J Thorac Oncol 3, no. 4 (April 2008): 417–21. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318168da0a.
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Graziano, Stephen L., James E. Herndon, Mark A. Socinski, Xiaofei Wang, Dorothy Watson, Everett Vokes, Mark R. Green, and Mark R. Cancer and Leukemia Group B. "Phase II trial of weekly dose-dense paclitaxel in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: cancer and leukemia group B study 39901.." J Thorac Oncol 3, no. 2 (February 2008): 158–62. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318161225e.
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Miller, Antonius A., Xiaofei F. Wang, Jeffrey A. Bogart, Lydia D. Hodgson, Caio M. S. Rocha Lima, James E. Radford, Everett E. Vokes, Mark R. Green, and Mark R. Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB). "Phase II trial of paclitaxel-topotecan-etoposide followed by consolidation chemoradiotherapy for limited-stage small cell lung cancer: CALGB 30002.." J Thorac Oncol 2, no. 7 (July 2007): 645–51. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318074bbf5.
Perry, Michael C., Leslie J. Kohman, James A. Bonner, Lin Gu, Xiaofei Wang, Everett E. Vokes, and Mark R. Green. "A phase III study of surgical resection and paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy with or without adjuvant radiation therapy for resected stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9734.." Clin Lung Cancer 8, no. 4 (January 2007): 268–72. https://doi.org/10.3816/CLC.2007.n.005.
Wang, Xiaofei, and Haibo Zhou. "A semiparametric empirical likelihood method for biased sampling schemes with auxiliary covariates.." Biometrics 62, no. 4 (December 2006): 1149–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00612.x.
Riedel, Richard F., Xiaofei Wang, Meg McCormack, Eric Toloza, Gustavo S. Montana, Gilbert Schreiber, and Michael J. Kelley. "Impact of a multidisciplinary thoracic oncology clinic on the timeliness of care.." J Thorac Oncol 1, no. 7 (September 2006): 692–96.
Pincus, T., X. Wang, C. Chung, T. Sokka, and G. G. Koch. "Erratum: Patient preference in a crossover clinical trial of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: Face validity of self-report questionnaire ratings (Journal of Rheumatology (2005) 32 (533-539))." Journal of Rheumatology 32, no. 5 (May 1, 2005).
Pincus, Theodore, Xiaofei Wang, Cecilia Chung, Tuulikki Sokka, and Gary G. Koch. "Patient preference in a crossover clinical trial of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip: face validity of self-report questionnaire ratings.." J Rheumatol 32, no. 3 (March 2005): 533–39.
Wang, Youfa, and Xiaofei Wang. "How do statistical properties influence findings of tracking (maintenance) in epidemiologic studies? An example of research in tracking of obesity.." Eur J Epidemiol 18, no. 11 (2003): 1037–45. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026196310041.
Wang, Youfa, and Xiaofei Wang. "Re: "Tracking of cardiovascular risk factors: the Tromsø Study, 1979, 1995".." Am J Epidemiol 155, no. 12 (June 15, 2002): 1144–45. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/155.12.1144.
Pincus, T., G. G. Koch, T. Sokka, J. Lefkowith, F. Wolfe, J. M. Jordan, G. Luta, et al. "A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac plus misoprostol versus acetaminophen in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.." Arthritis Rheum 44, no. 7 (July 2001): 1587–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200107)44:7<1587::AID-ART282>3.0.CO;2-X.
Pincus, T., G. G. Koch, T. Sokka, J. Lefkowith, F. Wolfe, J. M. Jordan, G. Luta, et al. "A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial of diclofenac plus misoprostol versus acetaminophen in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee." Arthritis and Rheumatism 44, no. 7 (2001): 1587–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/1529-0131(200107)44:7<1587::AID-ART282>3.0.CO;2-X.
Wang, X., and C. A. Burbeck. "Scaled medial axis representation: evidence from position discrimination task.." Vision Res 38, no. 13 (June 1998): 1947–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00299-x.
Wang, X. F., and C. A. Burbeck. "Enhanced position sensitivity at scaled medial loci." Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 37, no. 3 (February 15, 1996).
George, S. L., X. Wang, and H. Pang. "Preface," 2016. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315371566.
George, Stephen, Xiaofei Wang, and Herbert Pang. "Endpoints for Cancer Clinical Trials." In Cancer Clinical Trials: Current and Controversial Issues in Design and Analysis, edited by Stephen George, Xiaofei Wang, and Herbert Pang, 3–36. Chapman & Hall, 2016.
George, S. L., and X. Wang. "Targeted clinical trials." In Designs for Clinical Trials: Perspectives on Current Issues, 157–77, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0140-7_7.
Dudek, Arkadiusz Z., Xiaofei F. Wang, Lin Gu, Tom Stinchcombe, Robert Arthur Kratzke, Everett E. Vokes, and Hedy L. Kindler. "Randomized phase 2 study of maintenance pemetrexed (Pem) versus observation (Obs) for patients (pts) with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) without progression after first-line chemotherapy: Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 30901 (Alliance).." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 37. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2019.
Hensing, Thomas A., Xiaofei F. Wang, Junheng Gao, Tom Stinchcombe, Michael V. Knopp, Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Stephen L. Graziano, et al. "Randomized multicenter phase II trial evaluating the sequencing of PD-1 inhibition with pembrolizumab (P) and standard platinum-based chemotherapy (C) in patients (pts) with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (AFT-09).." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 37. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2019.
Stinchcombe, Tom, Robert Charles Doebele, Xiaofei F. Wang, David E. Gerber, Leora Horn, and D Ross Camidge. "Preliminary results of single arm phase 2 trial of brigatinib in patients (pts) with progression disease (PD) after next-generation (NG) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in ALK plus non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 37. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2019.
Wang, Ting, Xiaofei Wang, Haibo Zhou, Jianwen Cai, and Stephen L. George. "Biomarker stratified design enriched by auxiliary variables." In Trials, Vol. 18. BIOMED CENTRAL LTD, 2017.
Yi, John, Jeffrey Melson Clarke, Patrick Healy, Xiaofei F. Wang, Debra Shoemaker, Mark W. Onaitis, Chelsae Dumbauld, et al. "Immune profiling of circulating T cells and TILs following neoadjuvant ipilimumab and chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35:26–26. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.7_suppl.26.
Pang, Herbert, Kang Yan, Robert Kratzke, Thomas Stinchcombe, Jeffrey Crawford, Hedy Kindler, Everett Vokes, and Xiaofei Wang. "Prognostic Model for Mesothelioma Based on Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) Trials (Alliance)." In Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 12:S1367–S1367. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2017.
Stinchcombe, Thomas, Ying Zhang, Everett Vokes, Joan Schiller, Jeffrey Bradley, Karen Kelly, Walter Curran, et al. "A Pooled Analysis Comparing the Outcomes of Elderly to Younger Patients on NCTN Trials of Concurrent CCRT for Stage 3 NSCLC." In Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 12:S374–75. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2017.
Wang, Xiaofei, Xiaowen Cao, Thomas Stinchcombe, Jeffrey Bradley, Alex Adjei, David R. Gandara, Suresh Ramalingam, Herbert Pang, Everett Vokes, and Jeffrey Crawford. "Predicting Risk of Chemotherapy-Induced Severe Neutropenia in Lung Patients: A Pooled Analysis of US Cooperative Group Trials." In Journal of Thoracic Oncology, 12:S922–23. ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2017.
Stinchcombe, Tom, Ying J. Zhang, Everett E. Vokes, Joan H. Schiller, Jeffrey D. Bradley, Walter John Curran, Benjamin Movsas, et al. "A pooled analysis of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who participated in U.S. cooperative group trials: Comparing the outcomes of elderly to younger patients (pts).." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34:8508–8508. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2016. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.8508.
Yang, Chi-Fu Jeffrey, Derek Y. Chan, Babatunde Yerokun, Xiaofei F. Wang, Betty Caroline Tong, Thomas A. D'Amico, Mark W. Onaitis, Matthew G. Hartwig, Mark F. Berry, and David Harpole. "Surgery versus optimal medical management of early-stage small cell lung cancer.." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34:8511–8511. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2016. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.15_suppl.8511.
Edelman, Martin J., Xiaofei Wang, Lydia Hodgson, Richard T. Cheney, Maria Baggstrom, Thomas Sachdev, Ajeet Gajra, et al. "Abstract CT238: Phase III randomized, placebo controlled trial of COX-2 inhibition in addition to standard chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC):CALGB 30801 (Alliance)." In Clinical Trials. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-ct238.
Socinski, Mark A., Xiaofei F. Wang, Maria Quintos Baggstrom, Lin Gu, Thomas E. Stinchcombe, Martin J. Edelman, Sherman Baker JR, Heather Dorothy Mannuel, Jeffrey Crawford, and Everett E. Vokes. "Sunitinib (S) switch maintenance in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An ALLIANCE (CALGB 30607), randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial.." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, 32:8040–8040. American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), 2014. https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.8040.
Stinchcombe, Tom, Lynette M. Sholl, Xiaofei F. Wang, Lin Gu, Mark A. Socinski, Scott J. Rodig, Marzia Capelletti, et al. "An analysis of the prevalence of HER2 and KRAS mutations, and ALK rearrangements and clinical outcomes in Cancer and Leukemia Group B [CALGB (Alliance)] trial 30406 in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 31. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2013.
Pang, Herbert, Lin Gu, William Richards, Jeffery Crawford, Mark Green, Everett Vokes, and Xiaofei Wang. "Abstract 4707: Validation of survival prognostic models for non-small-cell lung cancer instage- and age-specific groups.." In Clinical Research. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4707.
Heist, Rebecca Suk, Xiaofei F. Wang, Lydia Hodgson, Gregory Alan Otterson, Tom Stinchcombe, Everett E. Vokes, and Mark A. Socinski. "CALGB 30704: A randomized phase II study to assess the efficacy of pemetrexed or sunitinib or pemetrexed plus sunitinib in the second-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)." In Journal of Clinical Oncology, Vol. 30. AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY, 2012.
Janne, Pasi A., Xiaofei F. Wang, Lee M. Krug, Lydia Hodgson, Everett E. Vokes, and Hedy L. Kindler. "Phase II trial of sorafenib (bay 43-9006) in malignant mesothelioma: CALGB 30307." In Annals of Oncology, 17:216–17. OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2006.
Teaching & Mentoring
BIOSTAT 708: Clinical Trial Design and Analysis 2020
Scholarly, Clinical, & Service Activities
Associate editor for Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research (SBR). 2016 2016
Editorial board for Chinese Clinical Oncology (CCO). 2016 2016
Deputy statistical editor for Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2014 2014
Director of Statistics for Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, NCI/NCTN. 2014 2014

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Cancer-Causing Ingredient Found in Pepsi Products Nationwide – Except California!
That's the headline of the Center for Environmental Health's efforts to expose Pepsi and its lackluster actions to remove of a carcinogenic caramel coloring ingredient 4-MEI. According to CEH, last year both Coke and Pepsi agreed to remove 4-MEI, a known carcinogen, from its caramel coloring. The move, however, was not borne out of corporate goodness. The state of California require companies to label products that contain known carcinogens and you can imagine that the two beverage giants didn't want to do that. Last year both companies stated they would remove the 4-MEI.
If you live in California, Coke and Pepsi products are made without 4-MEI, a chemical known to cause cancer. But in testing of cola products from ten states, CEH found high levels of 4-MEI in ALL Pepsi cola products, while 9 out of ten Coke products were found without 4-MEI problems.
CEH has started a petition to Urge Pepsi CEO Indra Nooyi to eliminate 4-MEI sooner rather than later.
Other than a sedentary life and crummy diet, I have no cancer risk factors. I drank regular Pepsi (and after the diabetes diagnosis, Diet Coke) like a fish. I do now have cancer. I am glad for the removal for sake of my grandkids.
Thanks for the comment, Dan. Be well.


In fact, what Americans seem to want is more polarization, not less. Those Republicans who try to campaign by galvanizing and leading their base, instead of ignoring and avoiding it, must be feeling now the way Romney's dour aides have apparently felt all along — "pretty resigned," minus the pretty.
We're going to be hearing a lot more of this as time goes by and Romney's campaign looks ever more hopeless. Despite the fact that Romney has faithfully adopted virtually every position the tea party has demanded of him, the true believers are already preparing the ground for his increasingly inevitable election-day repudiation. And their story is going to be exactly what you think: Romney was never really one of them and the American public sniffed that out. They wanted a real red-meat conservative, and Romney wasn't that guy.
You see, true conservatism can never fail, it can only be failed. Welcome to 2013.


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Share your camping experiences, stories, photos and videos! Each month, direct to your email inbox, we'll send the best camping news, tips, recipes and more, to enhance the camping lifestyle that you love so much. Luckily a few simple preventative RV checks for hot weather can go a long way to ensure your rig is ready for summer road trips. An island campground with spacious RV sites, Deluxe Cabins and well-appointed Wall Tents, this Virginia destination has something for everyone. Plan the perfect trip from home or on the road with the official KOA app.


It is no secret that the Kardashians have always been a step ahead of the world when it comes to staying in the limelight, but recently, since October 2nd 2016, it seems that the most famous of the Kardashians, had gone silent for a while.
Kim Kardashian is easily one of the famous Kardashian and we are not afraid to say it. The E! superstar has her own reality show about her family, a clothing line, a perfume brand named after her, and has been a fashion icon for over a decade now and is married to one of the highest grossing rap superstars of all time.
Everything about her screams fame, so what happened that made her go silent for almost three months?
Just before her silence on social media, Kim Kardashian had a traumatic experience in Paris, France, where she was robbed of millions in Jewelry. The time was about 3 AM when the chief of Police received the call that there has been an armed robbery.
The chief of police and his second did not know who Kim Kardashian was until they Googled her. Kim Kardashian had been robbed at gun point and was robbed of her very expensive Jewelry.
The chief of police added that the person who robbed Kim was a "new type of Gangster" that has been plaguing the streets of Paris for a while now. They were initially Home Jackers, who targeted weak and old wealthy people, but it seems that now the weak and old are not their only targets anymore.
To the millions of Twitter and Instagram followers, it came a as surprise that their beloved icon had not uploaded anything in the following 24 hours. They did not know that this silence would extend over 3 months.
Fans of Kim worship her and read her every post on any social media platform. It must have been a relief to see their idol back in posting action.
It is possible that after the Paris incident, Kim's security team might have limited her social media use. According to the Chief of Police of Paris, the criminal that robbed Kim had trained themselves to follow every move of a person on the internet.
With Kim updating almost every intimate detail about her life on social media, getting hold of her location was not difficult.
Kim made a comeback on social media with a message to her fans on Twitter saying "I missed you guys!" and a photo of her, Kanye and their two children North and Saint. A video was posted on her app showing Kanye and Kim embracing their children lovingly.
This was a great day for Kim Kardashian fans as they got to see their favorite person back on social media, making waves. It seems like Kim will be regularly updating her social media feeds, but will be a bit more careful than she was before when disclosing her location.


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Q: Does the http request header contains "img" only when the client requests a image? I opened an internet html page, look at the firebug network. A line of the header is:

Accept    text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,/;q=0.8

Then I opened an internet picture:

Accept    image/png,image/;q=0.8,/*;q=0.5

The value of Accept is different, I think it should return all the acceptable type of the browser every time like this:

Accept    image/png,image/,text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.8,/*;q=0.5

Cause so I can know weather the server should send a png image even the client requests a html. The question is: if the client do not request a image, can I know weather the client browser can parse a png image?

A: This is not related about how servlets work but how the requests are made to a HTML page. When you fire a request to some URL, let's say https://stackoverflow.com/, you in fact fire more than a single request:

*

*One GET request for the HTML (text) content of the page

*One GET request per image in the page

*One GET request per resource in the page (CSS, JS, another kind of file used).

This can be easily testable by using a network console. In this case, I use Chrome console to view the requests made when accessing to stackoverflow main page:

if the client do not request a image, can I know weather the client browser can parse a png image?

You can know this by checking the content type of the response, not the headers on the request.
You can even see that when performing the request over a png image http://cdn.sstatic.net/stackoverflow/img/sprites.png?v=3c6263c3453b the server doesn't send any request header related to accept png files:

Request Headers
User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/35.0.1916.153 Safari/537.36

Instead, this is handled in the response headers:

Response Headers
(...)
Content-Type:image/png

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Temp swimming pool plans to be discussed for Clacks
The temporary swimming pool could host swimming lessons for all P5 pupils in Clacks
A TEMPORARY swimming pool could be hired by Clackmannanshire Council to provide an opportunity for activities in Alloa until a wellbeing hub is developed.
The pool could be put in place at a Marshill site in the town as part of interim swimming arrangements before a facility planned to replace the Leisure Bowl is fully operational.
Elected members will hear about the proposals at a full council meeting tomorrow, Thursday October 21, with a business case to be further developed by December.
Council papers reveal the arrangement could be similar to a model which was put in place in Dumfries and Galloway.
The local authority there had partnered with Total Swimming, founded by Olympic swimmers Steve Parry and Adrian Turner, in 2014 to house a temporary pool.
This facility hosted a 25-metre, five-lane pool and ancillary services, including fully-accessible changing rooms, showers, toilets and reception area.
A steel framed building with PVC coated walls and a "thermo-envelope translucent roofing system" housed the Dumfries and Galloway pool which operated for around two years.
According to Total Swimming, that project cost just over £700,000 with a 14-week build, overall footprint of 875sqm and an expected de-rig duration of four weeks.
Council papers said: "A similar arrangement could be achieved for Clackmannanshire within approximately 7-10 months, providing access to a six lane, 25m pool for residents, families and
children, including learn to swim provision."
Indeed, documents to go in front of Clacks councillors said officers are considering how swimming lessons for all P5 children could be reinstated using the temporary pool.
There are hopes to begin design and construction early next year with the interim pool possibly ready by the summer of 2022, depending on uncertainties.
Speaking of risks, council papers noted that the supply chain and labour markets "are experiencing a period of uncertainty and volatility" and this could impact on costs and timelines.
Depending on the above, a full handover could be delayed beyond the summer of 2022 and the temporary pool will be subject to planning consent.
Council papers added: "Any unforeseen twists in the trajectory of the Covid pandemic may impact on timelines, costs and labour availability."
Representatives at Kilncraigs will also hear about progress on the development of a new-build wellbeing hub and swimming pool for Clackmannanshire.
Councillors will be asked to agree to progress the development of plans to "RIBA Stage 1" and to take forward a detailed options appraisal to inform a business case.
The planning is following the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work where stage one includes "preparation and briefing".
Consultation with a range of partners, including sportscotland as well as partners in health and social care, and the community has been ongoing in the past months.
Key themes emerging from community engagement include the clear need for a swimming pool, activities for children and families, fully accessible facilities with strong travel links and opportunities to enhance personal wellbeing.
Future progress reports could come in front of the council in December and February.
Ahead of the meeting, Cllr Craig Holden said: "Councillors will be provided with an update on the tremendous progress being made by our officers to deliver Clackmannanshire's wellbeing hub and have an opportunity to approve plans for a state of the art temporary swimming pool while the wellbeing hub is being progressed. We have listened to the feedback from groups and individuals throughout Clackmannanshire and are now in a position to move to the next stage.
"These are exciting times for everyone involved and our key priority is to make sure that we deliver the kind of leisure and wellbeing facilities that work for all of our residents, at every stage of their lives. That is why we are also seeking Council approval for officers to bring forward proposals for the re-introduction of swimming lessons for all Primary 5 school pupils.
"This is a key moment for the future of leisure and wellbeing provision in Clackmannanshire and I hope that Councillors will take this opportunity to show that we have a shared vision and are committed to delivering in the fastest time possible."


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DETHKLOK Mastermind BRENDON SMALL Reveals Details Of New GALAKTIKON Album, 'Become The Storm'
Brendon Small — the mastermind behind the metal band DETHKLOK — has been teasing a new chapter of his popular GALAKTIKON saga for months. After spending the past two years writing and recording new material and dropping random hints throughout the media and at appearances, the wait is over.
This year, marking the tenth anniversary of his breakout DETHKLOK release, "The Dethalbum", Brendon Small will reveal his upcoming high-stakes intergalactic extreme rock/metal album, "Galaktikon II: Become The Storm", to the masses. The album will be released via physical and digital retailers on August 25 (Megaforce Records/MRI), with digital pre-orders set to become available next Friday, June 2.
Take a 360-degree hyperspeed trip through the galaxy and hear a clip of brand new "Galaktikon II: Become The Storm" music, below.
"Galaktikon II: Become The Storm" follows the space-age theme of 2012's original GALAKTIKON album, with a conceptual storyline and a heavier, darker, more brutal sound. In addition to Brendon Small on vocals and guitar, the album will feature acclaimed musicians and DETHKLOK alum Bryan Beller (bass; THE ARISTOCRATS, Dweezil Zappa, Steve Vai) and Gene Hoglan (drums; TESTAMENT, DEATH, DARK ANGEL). "Galaktikon II: Become The Storm" was co-produced by Small and Grammy-nominated producer/engineer Ulrich Wild, who also worked behind the board on the DETHKLOK albums.
With these names behind the project, it should come as no surprise that "Galaktikon II: Become The Storm" is a welcomed transformation and expansion of the sound that put Brendon Small on the musical map. With uncapped time and creativity on their side, Small & Co. were able to reach above and beyond what fans have come to expect as of now. "Galaktikon II: Become The Storm" proves to be Small's most commanding release yet.
"This record is a combination of all the sounds I've been making throughout my creative life," says Brendon Small. "It's as heavy as I want it to be and melodic as I want it to be — it's the bigger, darker record I wanted to hear. And what a way to celebrate my ten-year anniversary of making metal with Gene, Bryan and Ulrich, some of the best in the industry. I'm excited to have it live inside listeners' heads and let their imaginations take over!"
Albatross Funnybooks recently announced Galaktikon!, a six-issue series of comic books launching this August based on the original GALAKTIKON album. The series will be written by Brendon Small and five-time Eisner Award winner and Albatross founder Eric Powell. Powell will also be contributing cover art with interior art by Steve Mannion of Fearless Dawn and Spook House.
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text:
This is a fine station, which opened with the SER's extension from Minster to Deal on 1st July 1847. It is certainly worthy of the renowned golf course which followed it forty years later. Both Sandwich and Deal station buildings were constructed to an identical design, but since the latter acted as a terminus for thirty-four years, it was graced with an overall roof – Sandwich was instead host to a standard platform canopy, attached to the main structure. The main building here was situated on the ''down'' side, whilst the ''up'' side was provided with the customary timber waiting shelter with slanting roof. In common with waiting shelters of the period, no roof valance was in evidence from the outset, but when most other ex-SER shelters received these in the early 20th century, the example at Sandwich would appear to have missed out. The layout was not bypassed, however, when the time came for a large-scale replacement of track foot crossings between platforms and in 1894, a lattice footbridge appeared at the western extremities of the complex. A signal box, situated at the western end of the ''up'' platform, had preceded this by some two years. Designed and erected by Saxby & Farmer, a well known signalling contractor for both the SER and LC&DR, it was virtually identical to the example still in existence at Sturry.
Goods provision here was more than adequate, and sidings flanked either side of the station building. The first set of sidings were sandwiched in-between the level crossing and platform, complete with a five ton crane. Three goods sidings also trailed off from the eastern end of the layout, on the ''down'' side, and laid at about forty-five degrees to the station complex. This goods arrangement seems to be a common one, with the yards at both Martin Mill and Deal being situated in such an angled fashion in relation to the station buildings. Particular mention should also be made of Sandwich's goods shed: this never accommodated any track, instead having a canopy attached to its southern elevation to protect the siding immediately adjacent. Finally, an additional loop siding was situated behind the ''up'' platform, this usually being used for further freight stock storage.
The station here has seen a number of noticeable changes fairly early on in its history, but has nevertheless retained a traditional appearance. The most major of these has affected the station building: in 1892, it received new first floors on both eastern and western elevations, and a further single-storey high extension appeared on the western elevation. This was evidently a busy year, it already having been mentioned that the signal box arrived at the same time. It is possible the opening of the golf course instigated for the main building to be enlarged in such a way – indeed, the first Open Championship was held in Sandwich in 1894. The Saxby & Farmer signal box was an early casualty, this being closed by the Southern Railway in January 1938 and replaced by another cabin on the ''down'' side, immediately adjacent to the level crossing. It came into use on 30th of that month. Even the SR build had hints of Saxby & Farmer design about it – a similar contemporary example can also be found at Aylesford.
As with most stations, there is the inevitable decline to report on. It is without surprise that the goods yard was closed to traffic in October 1963, but the station itself has fared the years well. The platforms saw lengthening at their western ends with concrete cast extensions during 1960 as part of the Kent Coast Electrification: electric services began southwards from Ramsgate on 2nd January 1961. Semaphore signals remained a feature of the station for a number of years later, until colour aspect lights ultimately replaced these during May 1981. The signal box remained, however, this having supervised automatic lifting barriers since 1973. In more recent times, the classic waiting shelter has seen both of its side windows blocked out, but at least this, the station building, and the footbridge – all historically important structures – still stand.
This westward view from 12th February 2005 shows that the historically-important station
building and the delightful timber waiting shelter remain to this day, in good condition, in
the company of the 1894-erected lattice footbridge. The loop siding formerly sat behind the
railings on the extreme left. David Glasspool
The low winter sun reflects off the signal box of 1938 origin, as the level crossing is viewed on
12th February 2005. This has been protected by automatic barriers since July 1973. From this
perspective, the station is situated beyond the scope of this picture, on the right. David Glasspool
An eastward view on the same day reveals the main station building to be in solid condition,
although now with a simplified canopy valance. The overgrown area, fenced off and beyond
the structure, was formerly host to a dock line. The houses in the background, on the left, sit
partly on the former goods yard. David Glasspool
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UN Youth Volunteers from Sweden learn new skills while supporting peace and development all over the world
Alexandra Palmquist, UN Youth Volunteer in Environment and Climate Change, works in her office at UNDP in Bolivia. (UNV, 2018)
Swedish UN Volunteers
The Government of Sweden has partnered with the United Nations Volunteers (UNV) programme through the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) since 2007. Sweden strongly supports the deployment of Swedish UN Volunteers, as well as UNV's programmatic work to promote volunteerism worldwide. In fact, Sida doubled its funding in 2018 for up to 40 UNV assignments, with a strong focus on supporting refugees and migrants. Three Swedish UN Volunteers currently serving in Bolivia, Guatemala and Ukraine share their experiences below.
Alexandra Palmquist, UN Youth Volunteer in Environment and Climate Change with UNDP Bolivia
Alexandra arrived in Bolivia six months ago and works on environmental management, monitoring activities, assessing outputs, and preparing reports.
Looking back, the most challenging part has been working with a political system so different from what I am used to. Understanding and managing the relations with the governmental counterparts is no small thing, but with the help of my colleagues I am finding my way. This increased need for adaptability and flexibility has strengthened me and forced me recognize my Eurocentric worldview, as well as how to put it aside to function in my new environment," she says.
One of the projects she supports promotes sustainable forest management, whereby UNDP is facilitating the processing of forest fruits (Asai, Majo and Cocoa), rubber and timber in communities in the Amazon so that they can be exported or added to the local school breakfast to reduce malnutrition amongst children.
Sara Larsson, UN Youth Volunteer in Monitoring and Evaluation with UNDP Ukraine
Sara serves with the UNDP Recovery and Peacebuilding Programme in the conflict-affected regions of eastern Ukraine.
Sara supports the staff in planning, monitoring and evaluating projects to make them as efficient, effective and sustainable as possible. In her own words,
Reporting on results may sound boring but it's incredibly important to attract donors and improve future projects. As part of the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) team, I recently helped in researching and writing UNDP's Annual Report, where we analyzed our results and lessons learned in 2017. The M&E team at UNDP also plays an important role in the coordinated planning across the UN system in Ukraine, and I have really enjoyed the opportunity to work in cooperation with other agencies."
The UNDP Recovery and Peacebuilding Programme was set up after the armed conflict began in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, and includes projects ranging from rebuilding infrastructure to mediation training. So far, more than 3 million people have benefitted from restored infrastructure, 3,000 jobs have been created, 48 men and women have been trained in mediation, and nine communities now have early warning systems to detect tensions.
Oskar Tinnerholm, UN Youth Volunteer in Conflict Resolution with UNDP Guatemala
In his role as Conflict Resolution Officer, Oskar supports the development and use of conflict analysis tools for government counterparts. He also provides analytic reports of social conflict dynamics that can potentially be used by other UN agencies in the country.
Oskar is currently working on strengthening capacities for dialogue, mediation and constructive conflict management in Guatemala, an initiative jointly promoted by the United Nations Department of Political Affairs (DPA), UNDP and the European Union. The project aims to enable key actors to conduct dialogues, mediation processes and consensus-building initiatives for the prevention and management of conflict, while giving indigenous authorities, youth and women a central role as peacebuilders.
Within the six months that have passed since the beginning of my assignment I have learned a lot, both professionally and personally. I have gained knowledge and experience by working in a field in which I was not an expert. Doing that in a foreign country helped me understand the daily issues that people are facing here. One example is the public sector, and more precisely its operational structure and its different ways of managing conflicts, which are all very diverse from a Swedish context," Oskar explains.
In March 2017, UNV and Sida signed the first agreement to deploy 20 UN Youth Volunteers from Sweden in the areas of areas of monitoring and evaluation, climate change and peacebuilding. The volunteer experiences shared above give a flavor of their results of this partnership.
The new vacancies open for Swedish nationals are available here. The application deadline is 18 February 2018.
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