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Q: SVG polygon scale and set points accordingly Hi Stack overflowers :)
I'm struggling with a svg polygon object which I need to be able to resize (proportionally), and save/set the new points values. At the moment I can do this by applying CSS transform to the SVG object, but that doesn't change the points attribute values. Is this possible somehow? My SVG polygon looks like this:

<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" style="width: 100px; height: 100px;">
  <polygon fill="black" points="0,0 50,0 100,100 0,100" />
</svg>

Thanks in advance :)

A: Well, you can expand/contract a polygon via an offset(+/-) pixel value, and that will change its points values. The polygon in question must be convex.
Also, the example below can scale the polygon and then recompute its points following the scale transform, using matrix transforms.
Give the following a try

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

  <title>Resize Convex Polygon</title>

    Offset(+/-) px.<input type="text" style="width:50px" id=offsetValue value=10 /><button onClick=resizeMyPolygon()>Resize Polygon</button>

      <button onClick=scalePolygon() >Scale Polygon</button>

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" id="mySVG" width="600" height="600">
<polygon id="myPolygon" fill="yellow" stroke="black" stroke-width="1" points="380,80 200,10 40,80 100,320 300,350"></polygon>
<svg>


US consumer confidence went up 1.1 points to 95.4 in May on the Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index, the Board announced.
The Conference Board, a private research organisation, announced that consumer confidence rose slightly, but the expectations index went down to 86.9 from 87.1 in April.
The consumer confidence survey on which the index is based, is conducted monthly by information company Nielsen for the Board. Lynn Franco, director of economic indicators at the Conference Board said that consumers are still cautious about the outlook after consumer confidence suffered a steep fall in April.
Paul Ashworth, chief US economist at Capital Economics, said: "The improvement in the Conference Board's consumer confidence index ... was a pleasant surprise given that other measures of confidence had weakened in response to the recent surge in gasoline prices."
"Admittedly, the expectations index in the Conference Board survey did decline ... However, that deterioration was more than offset by a sizeable rebound in the present situation index to 108.1, from 105.1," Ashworth said.
Though consumer confidence was lower than initially expected, it was 13.2 points up from 82.2 in May 2014.
"We would normally attribute that rebound in the present situation to increased confidence about the labour market, either about jobs or wages. But the net proportion of respondents saying that jobs were plentiful rather than hard to get was ... below the recent high of -3.9 reached in January," Ashworth said.
The proportion of respondents in the Conference Board's survey that expected to see a decrease in their income went up slightly from 10.8% to 11.1%.
"Overall, most confidence indicators have fallen back over the past few months, but remain at levels that historically have been consistent with stronger real consumption growth than we have actually seen in recent months," Ashworth concluded.


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The 1979 Colorado Buffaloes football team represented the University of Colorado in the Big Eight Conference during the 1979 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by first-year head coach Chuck Fairbanks, the Buffaloes finished at 3–8 (2–5 in Big 8, tied for fifth), and played home games on campus at Folsom Field in Boulder, Colorado.

A one-point win at Indiana in the fourth game was Colorado's sole victory in their first nine; they won the final two games of the season and avoided the conference cellar.

Previously the head coach of the New England Patriots for six years, Fairbanks was hired by athletic director Eddie Crowder in mid-December 1978. Difficulties with the NFL club's ownership resulted in a legal battle until early April, when a group of CU boosters (Flatirons Club) bought out Fairbanks' contract, allowing him to leave the Patriots just days ahead of the start of the Buffs' spring practice.

Schedule

 Note: The opener against Oregon was the first college football game ever televised by ESPN.

Personnel

Roster

Starters
Offense: QB Bill Solomon, HB Lance Olander/Charles Davis, FB Willie Beebe, SE Donnie Holmes, WB Kazell Pugh, TE Bob Niziolek/Greg Willett/Doug Krahenbuhl, LT Stan Brock, LG Paul Butero, C Roger Gunter/Bob Sebro, RG Art Dale Johnson/Guy Thurston, RT Karry Kelley
Defense: LE George Visger, NT Laval Short, RE Kevin Sazama, OLB Steve Doolittle, ILB Bill Roe, ILB Charles Scott, OLB Brian McCabe/Bob Humble, LCB Mark Haynes, SS Mike E. Davis, FS Tim Roberts, RCB Jesse Johnson/Tim Stampley
Specialists: K Tom Field, P Lance Olander

References

External links
University of Colorado Athletics – 1979 football roster
Sports-Reference – 1979 Colorado Buffaloes

Colorado
Colorado Buffaloes football seasons
Colorado Buffaloes football

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Brawner named new Army chief
John Roson
President Rodrigo Duterte has appointed Maj. Gen. Romeo Brawner Jr. as new chief of the Army, effective today, 7 December, Defense Secretary Delfin Lorenzana said.
Brawner will be replacing Lt. Gen. Andres Centino, who has been concurrently serving as Army chief while also holding the post of Armed Forces chief of staff since November 12.
Brawner is coming into the Army's helm from the 4th Infantry Division, which is based Cagayan de Oro City and responsible for internal security operations in most of Northern and Northeastern Mindanao.
Before his stint at the 4th ID, Brawner served as AFP deputy chief of staff for financial management, commandant of cadets at the Philippine Military Academy, a ground commander in Marawi City, and AFP public affairs chief.
It was during Brawner's term at the 4th ID when top ranking NPA leader Jorge "Ka Oris" Madlos was killed by government troops last October 30.
Related Topics:AFPAFP chiefFeaturedMaj. Gen. Romeo Brawner Jr.
Lifestyle5 mins ago
Commentary5 mins ago
Opinion6 mins ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Keep your portion sizes to just 2 to 4 ounces for meats and other proteins and about 1/2 cup for grains. Over the long term, these dietary revisions help you drop belly fat. Over the long term, these dietary revisions help you drop belly fat.
6/08/2013 · Ok so I'm ALWAYS bloated and I'm gonna see a doctor soon enough, idk when but T first I thought it was gas or fat or w/e. mainly my lower abdomen is always bloated.
2. Watch the fruit - But fruit is healthy right? While fruit is a wonderful, highly nutritious food, it can create noxious gas, fermentation and feed yeast overgrowth, causing all kinds of nasty symptoms including bloating and holding onto weight.
9/03/2015 · Meaning I look 15 pounds heavier for about 2 freaking weeks!! Thankfully I have come across some tricks that have helped me feel and look less bloated. Nothing makes me feel completely unbloated ( doubt that's a word but, this is my blog so it's A okay 👌) but these tips will help.


Wow!! I was floored by the response to my Doe & Aurifil giveaway last week in conjunction with the Fat Quarter Shop Layers of Charm quilt blog hop. 354 comments! Thank you all so very much for your kind comments and new follows. I apologize for not being able to reply to everyone. I appreciate every single comment! For those of you who said you wanted to make the same quilt I made–if you do make it, I would LOVE to see it, so please tag me @nightquilter! Now, without further ado, it's time to announce the winner!
I counted through all of the comments (don't worry–I counted twice. Remember: measure twice, cut once. Same rule applies for finding giveaway winners.) and Kriss is our lucky winner!
Kriss, I've sent you an email requesting your mailing address, so once I hear back from you and your winnings are received, you'll be well on your way to making your own Layers of Charm quilt!
Congrats Kriss – I'm envious!
What a fabulous give away. Thanks for the opportunity. Hope you can find your way out of the snow 😦 to Quilt Con.


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Posts Tagged 'crime'
What it means to be white in America
September 25, 2018 Chris	Leave a comment
So many white Americans don't like to hear the words "white people". That is because they think they are being attacked. Unfortunately, mere words calling white people out for their bullshit, puts them on the defensive, and they refuse to listen or learn anything. Their closed minds have created a dangerous situation.
The first thing so many white Americans don't get when you talk about "white people" is what the word really means in America. White people have a history of genocide and slavery on a wide scale, all over the Americas, and that history is still relevant in ways so many white people ignore. Instead of coming to terms with it, they have paved over it in the history books, smothered it with conformity to civic customs as a basis for national unity and callously told the survivors to get over it. Acknowledging this past is the first step to understanding the way the US is today, and why people are talking about "white people".
So many white Americans give excuses not to listen to someone who says they have been a victim of racism, unless the victim was white, in which case they somehow are able to sympathize. Anyone who implies there may be historical reasons black, native or other people might not have the same privileges white people do get told these bad things like slavery were a long time ago. Things are different now. We're all "equal" now. Because "I don't see race [because I don't want to]". Being white in the US means forgetting and not needing to remember, ignoring and not needing to listen, living in ignorance and not wanting to know.
One thing so many white people who try to win an argument will say is black people were involved in the slave trade. They bring it up even though it is rarely relevant. No one is saying you were part of the slave trade because you are white. They are saying you don't understand what it is like to live as a person of color in a white-supremacist state, and you prove you don't understand by arguing with them. They also say there have been slaves throughout history. Yes, and many other parts of the world also have problems due to unacknowledged history. But the descendents of slaves in ancient Sparta are not still suffering in the present. If the slavery we are talking about was in recent, relevant history, such as that of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, it is important to understand its legacy. If you use slavery elsewhere as an excuse not to talk about the legacy of slavery where you are, you are simply not interested in listening.
Think slavery doesn't matter anymore? You're wrong.
Why do they bring up black people in the slave trade? Because they think they are being attacked just for being white. They once saw a video of a group of black people saying "kill whitey" and thought there were hordes of people who hated them for being white. (Just like how they saw a video of brown people saying "Allahu akbar" and thought they needed to support war in the Middle East.) It's a strange excuse not to listen. It's like saying some Jews were paid to work for the Nazis during the Holocaust. It's a tiny percentage compared to the rest who suffered. What's your point? Very few people are saying being white makes you evil (far fewer, incidentally, than white people who hate anyone who is not white). Europeans created the market and some Africans took advantage of it, showing us that people are corruptible in any culture.
The other thing so many white Americans don't understand is the enormous legacy of the events of the past 500 years. It is, quite simply, the elephant in the room. The history of the colonization of the Americas (and the whole world) is that of enslavement, massacre, taking land and building monuments to white people on top of it. Many millions have been killed during the wars that killed and drove the natives off their land and into wretched arrangements with the state. Those are the wars that created the vast territory of the US as it is today. Most of the native inhabitants have lost their land to European empires, followed by the states the empires left behind, such as the US, Canada and all of Latin America, and then in our day by corporations with legal claims.
The legacy of colonialism includes the strengthening of the empires of Europe so they could make war on far-flung people, then later with each other, and now on far-flung people again. It has meant the creation of powerful states and corporations that bleed people dry and kill them in the thousands when they resist. These states tend to have white-supremacist laws, given that most of them were created to protect the property of the rich white minority.
The people in power needed to justify the brutality necessary to carry out the project of colonizing the world so they, in effect, created racism as we know it. All states and empires have told the people in their heartland they were special. They created the opposing identities of "us" and "them". That is, very briefly, the reason we have countries today: defining citizens or taxpayers or non-slaves in opposition to those being conquered. European empires have told their subjects they were superior to the far-flung natives because they were white. Over time, in their heads and in law, people who were defined as white got cut off from the rest of humanity. They were shielded from the worst excesses the state inflicted on people. They were expected to fall it line when it was deemed necessary to destroy an entire native town or round up runaway slaves. The same pact exists today: white people turn a blind eye to the state's greater violence against minorities (or post a screenshot from Fox News to tell themselves it isn't true) in exchange for the privilege of not getting the short end of the stick.
Slavery is not the only thing that has happened to black people in the US. Since the Civil War, blacks have been kicked out of government, kicked off their land, lynched, legislated out of jobs, rezoned out of residential areas, harassed, arrested, beaten, spied on, shot or given the electric chair for little or no reason besides the color of their skin. Do those things figure in your understanding of race in the US? Like all hierarchies, racial hierarchy must be enforced through words and laws and symbols. The South was not the only place with racism, either. Many Northern liberal towns had explicitly racist policies until as late as the 1970s. To the so many white people today who claim to be victims of racism, did these things happen to you or your family? When you say blacks are complaining about something only their ancestors suffered, you're talking about their parents.
Yet so many white people wave a Confederate flag around, get angry about tearing down statues to Confederate war heroes and say it's about "heritage not hate". Do these people simply not know the history of the symbols they love? Do they not know those people fought to uphold slavery? Or are they lying, and they hate black people and wish them to return to their subordinate role?
This denial of history is not only unfair to the survivors of the US's original sin. It is a matter of life and death. An unarmed black kid gets shot in the street at night by a white guy. Imagine two possibilities. In the first, the whole city or even the country come together to condemn the killing and acknowledge the racism that it made it possible. In the second, millions of people rush to the defense of the white guy. They believe everything his lawyers and the newspapers say and call the boy a thug. If the former scenario had happened and the whole country opposed killing a child and using self defense as an excuse, the act of killing would seem less justifiable, fewer would get killed and people would feel safer. Instead, the latter happened, and keeps happening every week.
Yes, not all white people were or are rich, and yes, they get shot by police too. Yes, some people of color are rich nowadays. But to think you have it bad because you're white in a country with a history of white supremacism is a slap in the face to the people of color you are not listening to. Start listening to people who tell you they got turned down for an interview because they have black-sounding names. Start sympathizing with someone who went to prison (especially for a victimless crime like taking drugs) for something a white man got a slap on the wrist for. That person might not be able to get a job either because, even though they were told they had "paid their debt to" a society that did not love them, they still do not get treated equally. Start believing the huge numbers of people who get repeatedly harassed by police because they are black or brown, whether in a non-white-majority neighborhood, because the police are always there harassing people, or in a majority-white neighborhood where white people are scared of people different from them so they call the cops. Start talking to people about a court system and a prison industry that puts people of color away (and works them in slave labor) in far greater numbers than white people. Justice may be blind but the law, the police, the judge, the lawyers and the juries are not.
Do you really need context?
And why do so many white people have no qualms about all the people of color shot by police? They always seem to be able to find some way to justify the death. Every time a cop guns down a person of color, so many white Americans take to the comment sections to say why they support the officer and support law enforcement no matter what it does. Some of them actually send large sums of money to killer cops, as if to tell them "thank you for getting rid of one of them. Sorry some people disagree."
So many white people have reached the point that racism against minorities simply does not exist. Every case that could provide evidence for racial bias is swept under the rug. You hear them say "fake", "liar", "he deserved it", etc. And they have the nerve to get mad at the inconvenience when the things they tried to sweep under the rug keep popping out again. White people were openly racist until the 1960s or later, and now they claim not to see race. They seem to think this claim insulates them from the consequences of 500 years of colonization. The same people actually despise people of color so much they can't bring themselves to agree that black lives matter. Whenever they hear the phrase, they shut the speaker up with "all lives matter", as if they were trying to prove they didn't understand, they didn't want to talk about discrimination against black people and they wanted an entire race to shut up about its problems. To claim racism is over, or that white people are victims of racism, when you refuse to listen to people of color living with the violence you don't know about, is the height of ignorance. Do you want to remain ignorant, not understanding (or pretending not to understand) why millions of Americans are angry, and what part your whiteness plays in their oppression?
There are white militias around the US training for a race war they are hoping to instigate. They are killing people already and are vocal about the fact that it is because of their race. That is the consequence of all this racism so many white Americans refuse to see. Many of them have infiltrated law enforcement and the military. But still, people of color are expected to shut up. So many white Americans have the arrogance to tell people of color to get over their grievances, no matter what happened to them, no matter how recently, no matter how obviously the product of racism, because to so many white Americans, there is no racism against people of color. When people of color protest, they get told to stop protesting, or start protesting something else, or protest in a different way that does not inconvenience anyone, and go get jobs. Meanwhile, so many white Americans are still grieving for 9/11, which happened 17 years ago in a city they had never visited to people they had never met.
The first thing white (and other) Americans could do is learn about and acknowledge the history of the United States. No, you did not learn about it in school or on TV. Learn from the perspectives of people who are not the winners or the beneficiaries of history.
Next, you could use the knowledge you gained to understand the reasons why things are the way they are today. How did Columbus pave the way for the world as it is today? What about all the other empires that have invaded the continent since then? How did the slave trade create the Americas and modern racism, how did it aid in the development of capitalism, how did it lead to the wars and conquests of the United States and why might black people still want to talk about it?
There was nothing inevitable about genocide and slavery. Let us apply a little knowledge and imagination to how things could have been better. Not all white people wanted to kill natives or thought it right to own slaves. Some of them even ran off to join indigenous people, preferring the relative peace and freedom to the rigid laws of the settler states. What if more white people had refused to turn guns on natives, or had fought on their side? What if more white people had set more slaves free, or at least shamed and shunned everyone involved in the trade? What if, instead of believing the divisive rhetoric, white people had seen themselves as people too, and never attacked the natives at all? What if they had lived side by side and integrated with them? Think of all they could have learned from each other and how much more harmonious the present would be. Americans often talk about how much freedom they have, but the US could really have become a Land of the Free if it had eschewed the central state for the decentralized model of some indigenous people. If they had simply had different ideas, different attitudes, things could have been much better for all concerned.
But since genocide and slavery are the truth of history, white people need to understand. The ones in the comment sections claim to understand, but they do not, and their failure to listen is the reason they feel attacked.
Categories: Democracy, Law, Security and Violence Tags: alt right, antifa, crime, history, justice, law, police, politics, poverty, power, prison, racism, violence
September 17, 2018 Chris	1 comment
Why is consent only important at some times and not others? Consent is necessary for sex; otherwise, it is rape, and rape is never ok. Regarding sex, it is assumed we are in voluntary relationships with the people who touch us. But we are also in non-consensual relationships and people never talk about them.
For instance, why do I need a "representative"? Surely, to represent me they would need to act in my interests. What if my so-called representative does not represent me? Can I withdraw consent from this relationship? Can I vote for no one? No. Their decisions apply to me. I didn't join anything. I never gave any hint I wanted them to represent me. They never even asked me.
The police are authorized to arrest you if you have drugs. In other words, there are people who will use violence against you for ingesting or possessing something that someone in another city decided you were to face violence for ingesting or possessing. You are not allowed to ingest or possess something if that guy in a suit in the other city wrote down that you were not allowed to. If you do, the people who will use violence against you might hit you, kidnap you and throw you in a cage (and even force you to work as a slave), or kill you. When did I consent to any of this? Why does consent not matter in this case?
The example of drugs shows us the state considers our bodies its own property. Laws against taking drugs show that our masters do not allow us to put things into our own bodies, as if they were loving parents and we were children getting into the chemicals under the sink. The power to criminalize prostitution is another example of the state's claim to have the final say in what you do with your body.
You pay taxes. In other words, if you do not pay money every day to a group of people you do not know who will decide what to do with it, regardless of your opinion on what they do with it, some people can kidnap you at gunpoint and lock you in a cage. Why do you not get to decide how that money is spent? What if you have better ideas than what politicians owned by lobby groups have in mind? Why does consent not matter in this case either?
And I cannot stress enough how important it is for us to care that some of the money we make goes toward making war. In other words, some people take your money and use it to buy weapons to kill and torture people neither you nor they have ever met in other parts of the world, making the people who made these decisions richer and thus more influential over the very system that rewards killing people all around the world. Do you consent to that? Or does your consent not matter?
I have been told that we tacitly consent, usually because we are not actively fighting against these things. But that is not how consent works. Consent must be positive. If want to take your clothes off, I need your consent. If I do not know whether or not it is all right with you, it isn't. However, if I want to harass you, kidnap you, cage you, beat you or kill you, I just need a badge.
Why does consent not matter to us? Because the system that feels normal to us does not ask for it.
A truly democratic system would be one where decisions were made together, and when one does not consent, the others can coax, plead, bargain or apply pressure but should not force the dissenter. That is why such decisions should be taken in groups of 100 or less, not in groups of millions where it is impossible to come to a consensus and an elite develops. We do not need an elite. We can govern ourselves.
Governance just means making and enforcing rules. Government, on the other hand, is an institution that claims a monopoly on governance over its conquered territory. All societies have governance. Not all societies have government. Self-governing, egalitarian, non-hierarchical societies and organizations exist and have always existed. We do not need too many rules. Each of us should play a part in creating them, or if we just arrived, agree to them. We can all have the power to enforce them. At any rate, most of our rules would come from norms, as they already do, rather than written rules that might differ in detail from place to place.
Though nearly all decisions would be made in small groups, such as families, clubs, factories, and so on, for the occasional decision that needed to be made in a larger group, it would be possible to delegate authority to a representative. In other words, you could tell someone to vote yes on a certain proposition. If they do not vote yes, the decision must be retaken or considered null. That said, nowadays even the idea of delegates is probably obsolete, as we have the technology to make decisions across decentralized organizations in minutes.
When is an organization democratic? Joining the organization is presumably consenting to its mission, structure and policies, and members can leave at any time. (Cooperatives often start new people on probation before they can become full members.) At minimum, all members should have a vote on leadership (if there are leaders) and new policies. There should be no secrecy: Meeting minutes and other important information should be available to all members. The members should be able to recall leaders for violating a policy, such as acting outside the scope of their mandate. Again, these organizations would ideally be small, as the smaller they are, the more democratic they can be, as each member has proportionally more influence over decisions. Such organizations do not need to compete with each other to exploit others like the corporation but cooperate to empower people as part of their mission.
Politicians do not consult us on their votes. We do not have access to meetings between lobbyists and their clients, or lobbyists and politicians. We do not know what people who are making the decisions that affect our lives with our money are saying to each other behind closed doors. Why would we ever consent to such a system? Because we've been told it's necessary?
Consent matters.
Categories: Anarchism and Voluntaryism, Democracy, Law, Security and Violence, Taxation Tags: consent, cooperatives, corporations, crime, democracy, governance, government, law, mutual aid, organization, power, victimless
March 1, 2017 Chris	2 comments
This post is part 4 of my series on why I am no longer an anarcho-capitalist (ancap).
Property is a more complicated issue than most ancaps give it credit. This post only outlines my rather simple views on the matter and why they differ from what I used to believe as an ancap.
First, we should probably distinguish between property and possessions. There is more than one definition for these words, but for our purposes we might call property the exclusive ownership of the means of production, including land, factories and machines. Exclusivity is the key factor. Ancaps often want to know if their hammers, laptops and 3-D printers are included in this definition, and I would say no: they are possessions, intended only for personal use. If people were monopolizing the hammers and laptops and 3-D printers, that might be a different story. However, these things are widely available.
Infoshop's FAQ summarizes the anarchist argument against property thus:
The statement "property is theft" is one of anarchism's most famous sayings. Indeed, it is no exaggeration to say that anyone who rejects this statement is not an anarchist. This maxim works in two related ways. Firstly, it recognises the fact that the earth and its resources, the common inheritance of all, have been monopolised by a few. Secondly, it argues that, as a consequence of this, those who own property exploit those who do not. This is because those who do not own have to pay or sell their labour to those who do own in order to get access to the resources they need to live and work (such as workplaces, machinery, land, credit, housing, products under patents, and such like).
Many ancaps ridicule the idea of positive rights (such as the right to food and shelter, as distinct from the right to be left alone), and yet assume we have a fundamental right to property, as if property were an unalienable extension of one's right to the ownership of one's body. Hey, I like privacy too, but surely my preference alone is not enough to justify forcing someone off land I live on. What if there are refugees, or people evicted from their homes by thoughtless landlords, and I have land and room where they can stay? A communist would surely open his or her home at some point to these people, but even if you fall short of communism, what is the justification for saying they are not allowed to, say, put up a tent on your lawn or shelter in your garage? Ancaps are supposed to be opposed to all initiation of force but disregard the force involved in kicking someone off one's property. I myself took several discussions to realize this form of force was part of the problem.
Hans Hermann Hoppe tried to put it this way.
Is it not simply absurd to claim that a person should not be the proper owner of his body and the places and goods that he originally, i.e., prior to anyone else, appropriates, uses and/or produces by means of his body? For who else, if not he, should be their owner? And is it not also obvious that the overwhelming majority of people—including children and primitives—in fact act according to these rules, and do so as a matter of course?
Moral intuition, as important as it is, is not proof. However, there also exists proof of the veracity of our moral intuition.
The proof is two-fold. On the one hand, the consequences that follow if one were to deny the validity of the institution of original appropriation and private property are spelled out: If person A were not the owner of his own body and the places and goods originally appropriated and/or produced with this body as well as of the goods voluntarily (contractually) acquired from another previous owner, then only two alternatives would exist. Either another person, B, must be recognized as the owner of A's body as well as the places and goods appropriated, produced or acquired by A, or both persons, A and B, must be considered equal co-owners of all bodies, places and goods.
Unfortunately, Hoppe's argument begs the question. He assumes things must be owned. Yet, exclusive ownership of property is a very new institution, invented in most places by the same people who came up with and benefited from the state. Who says this stance is "moral intuition"? Who says "natural rights" are so natural and right? Why does ownership of one's body necessitate ownership of the product of one's labor? Why is it so hard for Hoppe to understand we could share things? "Primitives" certainly do NOT make these same assumptions, as any anthropologist can tell you. They do not own things. They do not even understand the concept. They share. If one hunter kills an animal and the other does not, everyone eats. In fact, in some cultures, the successful hunter downplays his or her role in the killing out of a sense of solidarity. If said hunter bragged, even though he or she was the one who brought home the food, the rest of the group would shame him or her. So perhaps Hoppe should learn a bit more about humanity before claiming to speak for all of it.
Murray Rothbard, on the other hand, in Confiscation and the Homesteading Principle, takes an almost syndicalist view of ownership. He looks at Yugoslavia and how state-owned factories became co-ops owned by the people who worked there. He looks at the USSR, where all means of production were in the hands of the state, and says the workers have already homesteaded them and therefore should own them. (It would certainly have been better than the disastrous way things ended up transitioning to capitalism.) "The principle in the Communist countries should be: land to the peasants and the factories to the workers". He makes no distinction for "stolen property", by which he means property owned by the state or slaveowners–those who have worked in these corporations or the slaves who worked the land have already homesteaded it. He even made the case for reparations, as slave-plantation-owners' descendants were still alive, and thus reparations can be quite specific.
His article also says the following.
Alan Milchman, in the days when he was a brilliant young libertarian activist, first pointed out that libertarians had misled themselves by making their main dichotomy "government" vs. "private" with the former bad and the latter good. Government, he pointed out, is after all not a mystical entity but a group of individuals, "private" individuals if you will, acting in the manner of an organized criminal gang. But this means that there may also be "private" criminals as well as people directly affiliated with the government. What we libertarians object to, then, is not government per se but crime, what we object to is unjust or criminal property titles; what we are for is not "private" property per se but just, innocent, non-criminal private property.
Does it not follow if business owners have acquired their wealth through some kind of violence, even if the violence occurred generations ago, that wealth is a reasonable target for confiscation?
A house is a possession. If you are living in your house, it is not sitting idle, and if you do not want to let others in, I do not think it would be right to force you. However, if you have a house sitting unused, can you not see why an anarchist would say you should open it up to others to stay there?
But perhaps you do not have a large income and need to rent out your house to live. A bigger fish to fry is corporate ownership of property. Look how many houses banks in the US own. Preventing people from squatting there is the same kind of violence as protecting a nation state's borders.
Some ancaps envision gated communities and yet assume the borders of the nation state are illegitimate. What is an independent, gated community but a small nation with closed borders? What if all the decent land and water in the area are claimed already? Where do "immigrants" go? Who asked you to build your house there and put a fence around it? Why does nature belong to you?
The ideal is not to wall off what is mine and yours in the name of scarcity but to share in the name of ending suffering. Sharing does not require permission from everyone else in the world before planting a tree, as Hoppe states later in the same essay. It merely means if a man comes along who is hungry, "it's my tree because I planted and tended it" is not a moral basis to deny him food from it. If you are afraid of free riders, join with people in your community to shame able-bodied scroungers into contributing something. But please do not wrap your fear of scarcity up in a moral basis for private property.
Categories: Anarchism and Voluntaryism, Security and Violence Tags: crime, homesteading, property
February 26, 2014 Chris	Leave a comment
"Anarchy is no guarantee that some people won't kill, injure, kidnap, defraud or steal from others. Government is a guarantee that some will." – Gustave de Molinari
The warning that, after the removal of government, gangs and warlords would take is not an argument for government; it is an argument against government. Government is not different from warlords. It is the result of the institutionalization of warlords as the formal rulers of a given territory. This argument might confuse some people, so allow me to explain.
Max Weber defined the state as that organisation with a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a given (national) territory. "Legitimate" here merely means legal, as actual legitimacy is ultimately in the eye of the beholder. That is why Albert Jay Nock countered Weber by saying the state "claims and exercises a monopoly of crime" over its territory. (Statism is the belief that this monopoly of crime is good or necessary.) David S. D'Amato explains its effect: "the state's principal manner of acting is to make peaceful interactions crimes while protecting the institutional crime of ruling class elites."
After all, what does the state do? It steals, but it calls its theft taxation. It kidnaps, but calls kidnapping arrest. It counterfeits, but refers to state counterfeiting as monetary policy. It commits murder on a wide scale, but prefers terms such as war and execution. The state claims to act to protect person and property, but paradoxically aggresses against person and property. It claims to protect freedom while taking it away. It claims to aid the less fortunate when in fact it benefits the powerful at the expense of everyone else. If I go to another country to kill people I do not know, I am a murderer. When the military does it, it is fighting terrorism and promoting democracy. This sleight of hand and clouding of truth is how the state manufactures legitimacy. From a historical perspective, the purpose of the state is and has always been the same. Franz Oppenheimer explains.
The State, completely in its genesis, essentially and almost completely during the first stages of its existence, is a social institution, forced by a victorious group of men on a defeated group, with the sole purpose of regulating the dominion of the victorious group over the vanquished, and securing itself against revolt from within and attacks from abroad. Teleologically, this dominion had no other purpose than the economic exploitation of the vanquished by the victors. No primitive state known to history originated in any other manner.
The warlords have already taken over. That is the problem.
two warlords
At this point, those with some understanding of history point out such is the way of the world: states and empires constantly expand their power and attempt to conquer us all. But again, this claim is not an argument in favour of government. It is an admission that a monopoly on crime is wrong. Vocal opposition on moral grounds to states and empires can lead to resistance and revolution. If people understand why the state, the concentration of power and the monopoly on crime, are unnecessary and wrong, they can fight it. They can find ways to avoid paying taxes, avoid conscription and arrest, set up systems of mutual aid to become independent, and counteract the lies of the schools and the media.
Countries can still be invaded if the states do not comply with the empire of their time. A military is no guarantee of security. However, the difference between a state society and a free society is resistance is considered legitimate and necessary in the latter. Those who believe in freedom believe in the right to defend oneself against all oppressors by any means necessary without having to put on a uniform. Freedom must be defended by decentralised forces. People will need to fight the power or they will neither achieve nor maintain their freedom for long. But it is possible, and it is worth it.
Finally, we often run up against the claim that domination, hierarchy and elitism are part of our nature, which is why formalizing them is accepting the inevitable. It is unsurprising that we should hear this claim so often. Everyone in our society with a few years of schooling claims to understand human nature, and invokes it whenever defending the status quo. However, in my experience, most such claims reflect the thinking of the immediate world around the speaker. In other words, we believe what we have experienced reflects the whole range of human possibility. Looking more carefully through history, psychology and anthropology, however, we can find innumerable counter-examples. One need look no further than the history of the highland people of Southeast Asia (Zomia) for people who have consciously avoided domination and hierarchy for centuries. My question to those who cite human nature as an excuse for domination is, should we not be allowed to resist and defend ourselves? Should we give up and submit to those who desire power over us? Yes, we would need numbers. Yes, we would need time. But if you recognise that warlordism and violence are wrong, why would you not support us? We should unite to fight all forms of warlords and replace them with freedom.
Categories: Security and Violence Tags: army, crime, empire, history, human nature, mutual aid, resistance, Zomia
December 7, 2012 Chris	Leave a comment
The state's monopoly on crime over a given territory makes it necessary to eliminate its agents' responsibility for their individual crimes. How often we have seen police take the stands to defend brutality and then get let off with a slap on the wrist. The state thus incentivises all manner of anti-social behaviour. Here are some examples.
Politicians' main task is to steal one person's money and give it to someone else. Sometimes they steal overtly, such as through taxation, and give it away just as overtly, as with bank bailouts. Sometimes the theft is far quieter or concealed as benevolence, as when they pass laws favourable to a few corporations that help them control markets by force, while telling everyone the laws are necessary measures in the fight against whatever the public is anxious about.
Politicians want to garner votes for the next election, which is done by a) handing things out to interest groups and b) spending money to appear to get things done. A number of well-connected people can give them cushy jobs with huge salaries when they retire from serving the public (which goes for bureaucrats, too). Their job is, in fact, to represent those people, the elite, and make the public think they are serving everyone. They are chosen because they are so good at it.
The military engages in war, destroying homes, lives and ecosystems. No one holds the military accountable for its crimes, except occasionally when grunts are tried for crimes their superior officers encouraged, or the pressure of war made inevitable. In fact, not only is the military not made to pay for the damage it causes; people are led to believe it actually protects them from all the bloodthirsty foreigners who cannot wait to kill them. This lie makes the next war, or the perpetual struggle against evil, easier. (The state's incentive to lie is so obvious I will not go into it here.)
Police have all kinds of distorted incentives. Their jobs consist in large measure of harassing, bullying, beating, kidnapping, spying and stealing. Many of them want to control people, which may be why they became police, or they may have acquired a thirst for it as they went about their duties. The War on Drugs has enabled them to break into people's homes, steal money and drugs, and gun those people down. Even when the people had no drugs at all, the police do not get in trouble. Why not? Because the police did not find the police guilty.
The police in the US have begun to spy on people. The irrational fear of terrorism, encouraged by politicians, law enforcement and the media, all of which have something to gain, has legitimised spying on marginal groups. Muslims have been targeted in particular, as have activists. It is widely known (and statistically obvious) that police stop, frisk and frame racial minorities in huge numbers. Thus, the state legitimises racism—and gives it a gun.
Lastly, TSA agents can do nearly whatever they want to your body. It is unsurprising to hear women say they feel disproportionately targeted by airport security, or to see children being felt up by people with badges. Laws that permit eliminating the rights of the many and the responsibility of the few has given perverts and pedophiles a great career path.
I am not accusing all TSA agents of being perverts, just like I am not accusing all police of racism. I am accusing the state of incentivising and legitimising these activities, and stealing from taxpayers to fund them. Find fuller explanations of the state's crimes and how to end them in my book, available here.
Categories: Law, Security and Violence Tags: accountability, corruption, crime, racism, spying
The alternative to the state, part 4: polycentric law
July 31, 2012 Chris	10 comments
Wouldn't it be great if we did not have to follow every law the state passes over us? But then, how would we enforce contracts? How would we enforce property rights? What if someone attacked us? If these concerns could be answered, if we could still have contracts and property and security without following the laws of the state, would you be interested?
Advocates of a minimal state (minarchists) spend considerable time debating which government functions can or should be handed over to the private sector. They may say the state should contract out utilities, social security or the military. However, under such an arrangement, the state would retain ultimate control of all those things, because it would have the prerogative of the law. The law is, in fact, the source of the state's power.
But as I keep asking, why would we want to give the power to make and enforce laws to a small group of people? Is it that we can trust these people because "we" "elected" them, or threaten not to do so? Or that we do not trust others? Anarchists are not against all rules, contrary to the straw man thrust upon them, just against state laws. My post on state law can be found here; it is the why not of state law. Law that is determined not by one institution but by many is called polycentric, customary or privately-produced law. This post is about the why and how of polycentric law.
In The Market for Liberty, Morris and Linda Tannehill dismiss the idea that we need monopolistic law and force to solve disputes.
It is interesting to note that the advocates of government see initiated force ( the legal force of government ) as the only solution to social disputes. According to them, if everyone in society were not forced to use the same court system, and particularly the same final court of appeal, disputes would be insoluble. Apparently it doesn't occur to them that disputing parties are capable of freely choosing their own arbiters, including the final arbiter, and that this final arbiter wouldn't need to be the same agency for all disputes which occur in the society. They have not realized that disputants would, in fact, be far better off if they could choose among competing arbitration agencies so that they could reap the benefits of competition and specialization.
It should be obvious that a court system which has a monopoly guaranteed by the force of statutory law will not give as good quality service as will free-market arbitration agencies which must compete for their customers. Also, a multiplicity of agencies facilitates specialization, so that people with a dispute in some specialized field can hire arbitration by experts in that field . . . instead of being compelled to submit to the judgment of men who have little or no background in the matter.
As we will see, a better system is preferable and possible.
A simple rule is, the easier it is for normal people to do what they want without harming others, to do business and trade, to create and innovate, the better off the people around them. There are, in fact, things a government can do to aid an economy. One of the most important, as seen from the studies in The Mystery of Capital by Hernando de Soto, is upholding contracts and property rights. If there are ways to do these things in a free market, while lowering or eliminating the risks of abuse associated with state intervention, they are worth considering.
Law around the world
In his paper Privately-Produced Law, Tom W. Bell explains that people around the world and throughout history have used more equitable legal systems than the centralised model. Some legal systems that many would write off as "primitive" are in fact very effective at protecting individual freedom and property, resolving complex conflicts, avoiding violence and can legislate changes in the law. They do all these things without the inefficient, unsatisfying elite control of the system most civilised people are used to.
In such systems, people make reciprocal agreements and victims enforce them. Such agreements are necessary to belong to the community in the first place; and since they are mutually beneficial (unless one knows he or she is going to break the law), people believe in them. Economic restitution, proportionate to the severity of the crime, is the main form of punishment for torts. The guilty yield to the punishment largely due to the threat of ostracism.
Old Anglo-Saxon law made courts out of public assemblies. Interpreting the law was not a problem, as custom took care of it. The outcome of the dispute was about the facts of the case. There were no crimes against the state, or against society. There were only crimes against individuals.
Various other groups have come up with laws regarding the conduct of their members, including immigrant communities, merchants and guilds and communes. It is related to arbitration. Commercial arbitration has become a popular, fast and efficient form of resolving disputes for the insurance, construction and textile industries. (Find more on arbitration below.)
Contracts and reputation
In advanced capitalist countries, where legal contracts have a long history and a solid place in the culture, enforcing contracts is one the state does reasonably well. How could contracts work in a stateless society? Well, how did they work before the state began enforcing them? How do they work where there is no state? Generally, the answer is the same: reputation. If you are known for enforcing your contracts, you win new ones, and you make money. If you break a contract, you lose big time. You lose future contracts but you also lose face from all your peers. Nowadays, that could mean being smeared on the internet as well. Shame, and in more extreme cases, ostracism, is a common punishment throughout the world for anyone who breaks with his or her expected obligations.
Reputation is very important. In a small enough community, we would probably not need any kind of court system because if Johnny cheats Holly, everyone will find out, and will shame, attempt to rehabilitate or, at the extreme, ostracise Johnny. We could formalise this process for a larger society with some kind of reputation database, possibly along the lines of what eBay and Amazon use, or possibly more sophisticated, using arbitrators. Arbitrators would be judged on their reputation. They would likely specialise in a field. They could create permissions to add entries and create permissions to read the database, but cannot alter or remove entries.
When Johnny and Holly agree to enter into a contract, they take it to an arbitrator, Justine, who gets a fee. Justine makes an entry in the database. If Justine makes a ruling against Johnny the cheat, and Johnny does not comply with it, the arbitrator puts all of it in the database, showing that Johnny is not someone you would want to do business with. There could be a number of online and offline backup databases to ensure no one tampers with them.
A credit rating is a kind of reputation. Debts that are so small they are not worth taking to court or even arbitrators are still regularly paid off because of one's credit rating. Stefan Molyneux explains (here and here) that we already operate under such a system, and that expanding it with dispute-resolution organisations, or DROs, could be advantageous to all.
Picture for a moment the infinite complexity of modern economic life. Most individuals bind themselves to dozens of contracts, from car loans and mortgages to cell phone contracts, gym membership, condo agreements and so on. To flourish in a free market, a man must honour his contracts. A reputation for honest dealing is the foundation of a successful economic life. Now, few DROs will want to represent a man who regularly breaks contracts, or associates with difficult and litigious people. (For instance, this writer once refrained from entering into a business partnership because the potential partner revealed that he had sued two previous partners.)
People will need to be represented by DROs because their being accepted into mainstream society will demand it. Without a contract with a DRO, one would have no credibility as an honest broker and thus no chance of entering into contracts—at least, contracts without very high fees and penalties for breaking them.
A DRO would be liable for crimes their clients commit. If a man murdered his wife, he would lose his contract (which would prohibit murder) and have to pay some penalty to the next of kin. That might mean forced labour under some kind of imprisonment. DROs "are as ancient as civilization itself, but have been shouldered aside by the constant escalation of State power over the last century or so…. [They make] all the information formerly known by the local community available to the world as whole, just as credit reports do." And insurance can be created for just about anything.
Arbitration has made courts superfluous in many areas, with tens of thousands of arbitrations conducted every year. Arbitration is a kind of privately-produced law, as it involves two people voluntarily coming together, choosing their own terms and accepting someone else's ruling. Arbitrators have been around since the Middle Ages, and developed the whole body of merchant law. None of them could violently enforce their rulings.
In a society of polycentric law, arbitrators would be chosen for their expertise, efficiency and integrity as impartial judges, as they are now. Arbitration has even gone online. Judge.me is a company that resolves international disputes in a matter of days based on common principles of justice. It is an efficient and very promising service.
Choosing the law
Private law means we can choose which laws to abide by, instead of hoping to impose them on others. Sure, people in polycentric legal societies will get things wrong; but they will get them less wrong, with less drastic, society-wide consequences, than state law. David Friedman's argument is that, since the government does not do anything efficiently or better than the free market, why would we expect it to make laws right? A monopoly is rarely necessarily or preferable; why would a monopoly on the production of law be different?
In a free market for law, a large number of security firms would exist that, for a fee, would enforce the basic rights, including contracts, of their customers. Imagine my television goes missing. The camera my security agency has installed in my home saw the person who did it. The thief the agency identified denies the crime. I have a rights-enforcement agency, but so do you. The two agencies might go to war over my claim to get my TV back, right?
But wars are very expensive and private firms want to minimise costs. War only profits those who wage it when they steal the money used to pay for it from someone else through taxation. Instead, the agencies could decide on a netural arbitrator who will decide to whom the TV belongs. Since such disputes are likely to recur, policies will stipulate when the firms will approach an arbitrator.
Since such firms will deal with each other for a long time, they will be able to agree on rules and industry standards. Instead of fighting, they will have rules and mechanisms in place to enforce rulings of the arbitrators. If firms attempt to collude, it is likely that customers will desert them, as existing and potential customers find that legitimate claims are not redressed.
In order for a rights-enforcement agency, an arbitration agency or a private court to make money, people need to choose to use it. So who would their customers be? A polycentric legal order would resolve the debates over, say, the implementation of Islamic sharia, because Muslims who want sharia (which is not all Muslims, just so you know) can abide by it, and would not force others to follow it. Strict, Orthodox Jews would shop at a different agency. Libertarians who do not want too many rules would have their own. Pacifists might choose arbitration without enforcement.
Dealing with aggression
Contracts are a very useful way to solve disputes. Perhaps I sign a contract when I move somewhere that I am not going to let my grass grow too high or scatter car parts on the lawn, and if I break it, there is recourse to kick me out. But what about torts or crimes of aggression where there has been no contract? Murray Rothbard has some ideas. The free market offers endless possibilities—whatever people can offer that customers want. Insurance companies would pay the victims of crime, the breaking of contracts, the winners of arbitration, then pursue the aggressors in court to recoup their losses. Competing defense agencies would exist to protect people, and they would likely work closely with the insurance companies: the less crime there is, the less the insurance companies need to pay out. Insurance companies would probably lower the cost of burglary insurance to those with alarm systems, or trained gun owners. Thus, the incentives for swift, efficient restitution with a minimum of violence are built in to the system.
Holly accuses Johnny of a crime. Johnny gives her the finger and does not show up in court or send a representative. As a result, his side of the case is not heard. If he is found guilty, he might nonetheless accept the verdict. If not, he could go to another court, he could appeal, and so on. If courts and appeals continue to find Johnny guilty, they will have found him guilty of aggression. In a society based on the non-aggression principle, this is, in effect, a crime. Private defense agencies thus have the moral authority to demand restitution and employ violence if it is not forthcoming.
In a free society, people would be free not to press charges, or not to employ violence if other parties did not accept rulings against them. Nonetheless, in the eyes of anyone with access to a reputation or contract-rating database (which would be everyone), those who violate the NAP would have all manner of sanction against them. They would find it difficult to buy a car, for instance, because they would not be trusted to pay for it. Finally, crimes against "society" would not exist (and arguably do not exist at the moment).
I am sure that, like with everything an anarchist proposes, statists will be able to find holes in the theory and "what if" their ideas to death. A few holes in the presentation of a theory does not invalidate it, especially when it is something everyone will have the chance to influence, unlike the current way of dispensing law. They are free to continue to believe they are best represented by the "justice" system as it is now. All we ask is that they respect others' opinions enough to let them try their own way of doing things. They could be attempted on a micro level, with a few hundred or a few thousand people.
A system of polycentric law would eliminate victimless crimes, because people could choose their own laws. It would be fairer, instead of today's system of treating rich people's crimes as misdemeanors and minorities or the poor's crimes as murder. It would simplify laws, meaning far less need for expensive lawyers. It would lower costs, meaning everyone could afford it; or at least, it would be easy to raise money for those who could not. And we would not have every law and verdict handed down by a self-interested elite.
Categories: Anarchism and Voluntaryism, Law, Markets, Security and Violence Tags: accountability, court, crime, dispute resolution, victimless
The alternative to the state, part 2: agorism and counter-economics
July 11, 2012 Chris	4 comments
Freedom, including the freedom to build and trade and innovate, is the natural state of humanity (as agorists will tell you: see the principles underpinning agorist theory here). If the state is meant to protect us from the bad people (it is not, but that is its perpetual justification), it follows that, if we are peaceful people who do good things for ourselves and others, we have the right to ignore the state. If one must ask permission, one is not free. Agorism is voluntary exchange without asking permission; taking one's freedom back and using it to make people better off.
Monopolies enable and encourage abuse. In Markets Not Capitalism (pp68-74), Charles W. Johnson explains that the state has a monopoly on huge swathes of the economy. It has a monopoly on security, and trillions of dollars' worth of security apparatus to use as it likes. It owns land and natural resources, fabricating land titles, instituting complex land-use and construction codes, and the capture of others' property by use of eminent domain. It controls the money supply, enriching bankers and criminalising alternative forms of currency that people could use to avoid inflation. It grants monopoly privilege to patent and copyright holders. It has a monopoly on the building of infrastructure, artificially lowering fees of transportation at the taxpayers' expense, instead of turning it over to the private sector where it can save money and save lives (see here). It has a monopoly on regulation, which largely protects big business at the expense of small, creating new monopolies. Finally, it decides everything that crosses its borders, from the amount of goods and the fees for them to the movement of people. This blog has outlined the problems with most of these monopolies already. The question at hand is, how do we challenge them?
In the New Libertarian Manifesto, Samuel Edward Konkin glances at how libertarians have tried to end the state, from violence to collaboration to spreading the word. He concludes from their overall failure that the answer is to stop feeding the state, and outlines his vision for an agorist society, and the counter-economic method of getting there. Counter-establishment economics, or counter-economics, is simply peaceful action that the state forbids. It exposes the unnecessary and damaging role of the state in the enforcement of its monopolies.
Agorism has much to do with self sufficiency, shaking off dependence on the state and doing things for oneself and one's community. In addition, while it means avoiding taxes, it is at least as much about starving the state of funds. If a person, or much better, community, opposes the state, he or it can set up businesses or co-ops that are unlicensed, unregistered, unregulated and illegal. They can provide goods and services cheaply and without needing to feed the beast.
Agorism means that one by one, people will stop supporting the state and start supporting each other instead. Agorists will be at the forefront of the building of a new society, and they provide an example for those who are interested. (More on the logic of agorism here.)
To make clear, drug barons are not agorists (as they do not believe the state is immoral) or counter-economists (as they use violence). It is unfortunate that it is necessary to use violence in drug markets, but that is a natural consequence of the criminalisation of something so many people want. But not all black markets are violent.
As the Movement of the Libertarian Left shows, counter-economists come in all shapes and sizes. They could be
–Tax evaders (how-to);
–Smugglers (of humans looking for opportunities, drugs to people who need or want them, banned books, cigarettes subject to high taxes, and so on);
–Midwives whose positions have been eliminated by state health care systems;
–Doctors working without belonging to government-approved national medical associations;
–Gun owners who disobey firearm restrictions;
–Gamblers who gamble with friends instead of in registered casinos;
–Unregistered taxi drivers;
–Publishers and consumers of illicit art, literature and newspapers;
–Pirate radio operators (how-to);
–Farmers who grow and sell things the state prohibits, from hemp to raw milk;
–Cooks who make and sell food, perhaps to friends and neighbours, by mail order (like Stateless Sweets) or by the side of the road;
–Unlicensed contractors (how-to);
–Employers who pay under the table and employees who are paid under the table;
–People who pirate drugs or entertainment subject to intellectual property laws;
–People selling things at garage sales, roadside stands or on Craigslist;
–People who give sanctuary to others on the run, such as whistleblowers and runaway slaves;
–People feeding the homeless despite prohibitions on it;
–People using an alternative currency (such as bitcoin or others), and using encryption to transfer funds online (how-to);
–People engaging in reciprocal gift economies (like the Freecycle Network, Freegan, Food Not Bombs and the Really Really Free Market);
–And anyone competing with a government monopoly, like Lysander Spooner did. Looking at all these illegal (but victimless) activities, are you a counter-economist?
In the twilight years of the Soviet Union, just about everyone was. The state had proven itself utterly incapable of providing more than the bare minimum of all manner of goods that were, in fact, available on the black market: food, repairs, electronics, exit papers and favours from the powerful.
Occupiers, you are counter-economists. Occupy movements were entirely voluntary, working on consensus, anticapitalism, mutual aid, equality and solving their own problems. They established clinics, schools, libraries, kitchens and security teams. They showed everyone that we can have a voluntary society, that we can build a new society, based on compassion and helping each other, out of the shell of the old. It is called prefigurative politics. These values also inform the philosophy of the sovereign community, meaning new communities outside the reach of the state. Voluntary institutions show not only the morality of non-aggression, but also that we can solve the world's problems without force.
Learn more at agorism.info, www.humanadvancement.net, in the book Markets Not Capitalism and in the writings of Samuel Edward Konkin and the Movement of the Libertarian Left, available free online.
Categories: Anarchism and Voluntaryism, Markets Tags: agorism, black market, crime, nonaggression, Occupy Wall Street, OWS, victimless


text:
Briefing September 5-11, 2021
9:26 am September 7, 2021
A few Taliban leaders in Qatar where they run a proper office for a few years now.
Ever since the Taliban took over, Afghanistan sounds so closer and familiar now. Almost every day, every newspaper is carrying a lot of news about the desert country. The first was that Delhi finally met a top Taliban official. Next came al-Qaida message to the Taliban in which they mentioned Kashmir. Now the latest is that Taliban spokesman Suhail Shaheen said that they have a right to "speak" on Muslims across the world including Kashmir.
"We will raise our voice and say that Muslims are your own people, your own citizens and they are entitled to equal rights under your law," Shaheen was quoted saying by the BBC. "As Muslims, it was the group's right to speak out for Muslims living in Kashmir and any other country." However, he said, it never means "conducting armed operations against any country". When a Delhi media house contacted the spokesman he said his statement was "twisted". He clarified to News18: "Like India is concerned about Afghan Hindus and Sikhs, thinking there is a problem; the Muslim world is too worried about Kashmir in the same context." In a quick follow-up, Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla said the new Afghan rulers have indicated that they would be reasonable in addressing New Delhi's concerns. "Our engagement with them (the Taliban) has been limited. It's not that we have (had) a robust conversation. But for whatever conversation we've had so far, they've been sort of. At least, the Taliban seem to indicate that they will be reasonable in the way they handle this," Shringla said. In the whole debate, however, the main question that Omar Abdullah asked remains unanswered: "Is the Taliban a terror organisation or not? If it is not, will you move the United Nations to have it delisted as a terror organisation, as right now you are presiding over the UN Security Council?" India presided over UNSC for August.
As many as 467 employees, all residents of Ladakh, have opted not to serve the region they belong to, unlike 12000 others.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi speaking at SKICC on May 19, 2018. KL Image Bilal Bahadur
As part of the Public Outreach Programme-2, Prime Minister Narendra Modi is planning to fly 70 of his 78 ministers to Jammu and Kashmir in the next nine weeks, four ministers a week from September 10. In 2010, 36 ministers were flown in January in six days. In these area-specific tours, the government plans a visit to every tehsil. On their return, they will submit a report to the PMO.
The ministerial visits follow the visit of 13 Parliamentary Standing Committees (PSCs) comprising around 300 Members of Parliament (MPs) even as half a dozen more PSCs are scheduled to visit in coming days. Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla also spent a week in Ladakh and Kashmir.
JK Bank is raising its equity capital up to Rs 1000 crore, a mix of debt and equity. The RBI has approved the Government of Jammu and Kashmir plan of infusing Rs 500 crore capital and permitted it to acquire 16,76,72,702 fully paid-up equity shares on a preferential basis, up to 74.24 per cent of the post issue paid-up voting equity capital of the bank. The bank will raise Rs 150 crore by selling 7.5 crore equity shares to the employees under the ESPS.
A group photograph of 14 Jammu and Kashmir participants in the All Party Meeting that Prime minister Narendra Modi hosted on June 24, 2021 at his official residence. The photograph marked the beginning of the meeting.
Two months after Prime Minister Narendra Modi presided over an all-party meeting; Mehbooba Mufti has said there was no forward movement. "I think, both at the national and the international level, they wanted to show that they are trying to reach out, and showcase this photo where everybody was in the same frame — especially those two parties whom they have been calling all kinds of names," she told The Indian Express. "I had said… at least if you are able to release some people/ prisoners that would help". She has said she does not see any assembly election around as the centre would not like to "loosen its grip on the decision making powers".
SHOPIAN
GoC of Srinagar-based 15 Corps Lt General Davendra Pratap Pandey
As part of the maiden outreach, the decision-makers of Kashmir's security grid comprising IGP Kashmir, Vijay Kumar, GOC15 Corps, Lt Gen D P Pandey, GoC, Victor Force, Maj Gen Rashim Bali had an interaction with the families of active militants. Media reports said members from more than 80 families were invited. Earlier in February, Maj Gen Bali had held a one-on-one interaction with youth in Pulwama. General Pandey told the families that the army would work with the youth who shun arms and would "address their concerns". He was quoted saying to the family members: "I appeal to you to pull out your children quietly from terror groups. And let me tell you that even during operation, if some boy is ready to surrender, I assure you that the army will do whatever possible, even at the cost of suffering injury, to get your child back."
LAKHANPORE
Abdul Rehmani of Kabul is 17. Apparently well before the Taliban took over Afghanistan, he accompanied his brother, an army officer to Delhi for his medical treatment. His brother is undergoing treatment for a bullet injury at RR Hospital in Delhi. Last week, authorities stopped a Jammu bound bus to vaccinate the passengers. There, they found Rehmani. Asked if he is an Afghan, why is he in Lakhanpur. His answer was peculiar: "I felt bored in Delhi, wanted to go home, so came to Kashmir." Shocked to listen that there was a road going from Kashmir to Kabul, cops have registered a case against the homesick Afghan teenager.
The strategically located road linking Leh to the Pangong Lake via Kela Pass (18,600 ft) is the world's highest motorable road. It reduces 41 km travel length by 41-km of travel from the traditional Zingral to Tangtse road.
Blooming Apricot- Photo: Bilal Bahadur
Undoubtedly, in a historic move, Kargil would export its world-class apricots to Dubai. Despite being the primary cash crop of the region, Ladakh apricot hardly descended down the heights because some planners in horticulture felt they would bring disease, coddling moth with them. That was in 1986. The region, however, would sundry the apricots and sell them at a better price. Apricot is a fragile fruit with the least shelf life. The first consignment that Kargil supplied to Dubai is only 150 kilograms but it is a great occasion. Naveen Gahlawat, whose Krishak Agritech is helping Kargil sell its apricot said his group has so far sold 20 metric tones of fresh apricots after procuring it from 200 growers for Rs 30 lakh.
Home Minister Amit Shah has said that Rs 50,000 crore is expected to be invested in Jammu and Kashmir after the unveiling of a new central scheme for industries. He said this while launching a web portal for the registration of industrial units under the New Central Sector Scheme. The scheme aims to give fresh thrust to the industry and services-led development of Jammu and Kashmir with emphasis on job creation, skill development and sustainable development by attracting new investment and nurturing the existing ones.
The entire process under the scheme from registration, processing to submitting claims will be through the portal and there will be no human interface. Commerce Ministry expected investment of Rs 12000 crore in 1200 units. The scheme is anticipated to generate direct employment opportunities for about 78,000 persons along with employment in the primary sector including agriculture, horticulture, sericulture, animal husbandry and dairy, inland fisheries, etc through backward linkage including gainful engagement of women at household in craft, handicraft and handlooms.
Anything and everything that happens in Jammu and Kashmir is of some help to somebody. Last week, when the non-migrant Kashmiri Pandits came out with the routine procession on Janmashtami, top BJP leaders got into self-praise, insisting it was happening for the first time in 32 years. This had come handy for people desperate to prove BJP's Naya Kashmir is better than Sheikh Abdullah's Naya Kashmir. But the fact is that this celebration happens every year.
POONCH
Police have arrested a cop, Irfan Manhas, and his mother for allegedly murdering his wife, Shahnaz Akhter, a resident of Keri Gulatta. Knowing that he will be caught, the cop had managed the murder well. With injury marks on her body, Akhter was recovered dead barely 100 meters from her house on August 24. The couple had three daughters and a son but had some family dispute.
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The RobotiX Mentor simulator provides surgeons of all expertise levels across diverse medical specialties with an opportunity to practice the skills required to perform robotic-assisted procedures.
Robotic basic tasks modules provide the optimal learning environment for surgeons to develop the necessary skills so that they may be able to select the most suitable surgical route for the patient.
Clinical procedure simulation modules enable surgeons and residents in training to experience partial and entire robotic procedures and to support training programs in incorporating procedure training in the robotic surgery curriculum.
Web-based curricula management provides metrics for procedural simulation, benchmarks for goal-oriented training and video recording of simulation for the purposes of training management, assessment and debriefing.
The cross-specialty simulation platform was developed in close collaboration with the medical community to provide an ever-expanding library of modules. These unique modules may be incorporated into a robotic surgery curriculum and training courses and possible future accreditation and maintenance of certification.
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An ACL that grants personalize_choices access for that field.
An ACL that grants create access to the Choice table (sys_choice).
An ACL granting personalize_choices access to the hris_admin role on the Category field of the Knowledge (kb_knowledge) table.
An ACL granting create access to the hris_admin role on the Choice (sys_choice) table.
There are predefined ACLs granting both types of access to the personalize_choices security role, for all fields on all tables. The personalize_choices security role also has read, write, and delete access to the sys_choices table. However, this additional access is not required when making just the Personalize Choices functionality available on a granular basis.


Pant was heard provoking the Australian batsmen during the first two games.
The second Test gave us a good contest between bat and ball, there were some verbal clashes as well which kept the game heated. Call it sledging or casual banter, there is no denying that we all were entertained by it.
One of those incidents happened before the last ball of the fourth day. Marcus Harris was placed at short leg, with Mitchell Starc bowling to Rishabh Pant. Pant already had a word with the Aussie batsmen when they came out to bat in the first Test. Giving it back to him, Harris tried to convince him to lose his wicket.
It was funny and even commentators were laughing after Harris said, "If you get out you can go out and disco tonight. Good circuit on a Monday night in Perth."
Harris' banter received a positive response from the ex-cricketers. "This is good stuff. Good humour," Johnson wrote on Twitter, and Michael Vaughan loved it too.
On day five of Adelaide Test India wicket-keeper Pant had tried to get under the skin of Pat Cummins. "Come on Pat - you're not putting the bad ball away!," Pant said. "Tough to play here," he added.
The four-match Test series currently stands equally as both teams have won one game each with two more to go. The third Test will be played on Boxing day.


text:
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CPL week four round-up: Kieron Pollard's controversial Barbados return, David Warner drops anchor
314dSreshth Shah
1hESPNcricinfo stats team. Graphics by Ishita Mazumder
Inzamam not to renew contract as chief selector after July
3hDanyal Rasool and Umar Farooq
Eoin Morgan has earned the right to decide his own future - Andrew Strauss
22hMatt Roller
Why count boundaries to determine who wins a World Cup? Here are three better ways
1dSidharth Monga
QeA Q&A: What the new domestic structure means for Pakistan cricket
1dUmar Farooq
Anamul Haque and Taijul Islam recalled to Bangladesh ODI squad for Sri Lanka tour
1dMohammad Isam
Concussion substitutes set to debut in Ashes
1dMelinda Farrell
David Warner fields during a CPL game CPL T20/Getty Images
Sreshth Shah
With the league stage tapering to a close, the CPL's fourth week was full of drama and emotion. Two teams dropped out of the playoffs race, while two left-hand batsmen lit up the tournament in between some ordinary umpiring decisions. ESPNcricinfo brings you the major highlights from the week gone by.
Home advantage? What's that?
After Jamaica Tallawahs lost all their designated 'home games' in Florida earlier this season, it was Barbados Tridents' turn to suffer the same fate - in their proper backyard too. They were assigned five games at Bridgetown's Kensington Oval, but five straight losses - including three last week - sunk their chances of qualification.
That, together with St Lucia Stars' six-wicket win against Tridents on Sunday, ensured we already know the four playoff teams, despite four league games remaining to be played. Trinbago Knight Riders and Guyana Amazon Warriors - with two games in hand - are best placed to secure a top-two finish, while St Kitts and Nevis Patriots and Tallawahs are set to round off the top four.
Pollard's unfulfilled return to Barbados
Stars' Kieron Pollard is never too far away from a controversy, and he was in the middle of one last week when Tridents' Jason Holder had him lbw off a full toss.
Pollard, captain of the Tridents franchise for the past four years, had left the team before this edition and was clearly looking for a big innings against them when he walked in at 80 for 3 in the tenth over, but Holder's inswinging full-toss rapped him on the pads and appeared to be missing the leg stump, when the umpire raised his finger.
The Stars captain looked flummoxed and was visibly upset as he ended his season with a first-ball duck against his former team. However, when the decision was not reversed despite replays showing Holder overstepping, Pollard wore a bemused look in the dugout, sarcastically clapping the umpires' decision and forcing coach Brad Hodge to visit the third umpire's office to fully understand why the lbw decision was not overturned. Unfortunately, it wasn't the first poor umpiring decision of the season, and Pollard's men won the game by six wickets anyway.
Batsman of the week
Colin Munro has struck five half-centuries in his last eight CPL innings, none better than his 56-ball 90 against Warriors on Wednesday. The innings took Munro to within 23 runs of the CPL record of 458 runs in a season - set by Chadwick Walton last year - with two league-stage games still in hand.
Munro plundered ten fours and four sixes in his innings, smacking both Imran Tahir's legbreaks as well as Rayad Emrit's medium-pace to all corners of the Queen's Park Oval. He reached his half-century in 39 balls before going into overdrive, taking Guyana captain Emrit to the cleaners. He was eventually out in the 17th over, looking to slog Romario Shepherd, falling ten short of a fifth T20 hundred. But by the time he was dismissed, Trinbago were set for a big first-innings total.
Oshane Thomas took three wickets for Jamaica Tallawahs Randy Brooks - CPL T20 / Getty
Bowler of the week
Twenty-one-year-old fast bowler Oshane Thomas of the Tallawahs was the best bowler of the week. He's taken at least one wicket in every game so far, and his performances with the new as well as the older ball have been impressive. Over the past three weeks, Thomas has shone for Tallawahs every time his captain Andre Russell has thrown him the ball. Barring his first match - where he took three important wickets - Thomas has not conceded more than eight per over in any game. Some are deeming his toe-crushing yorker to dismiss Tridents' Shai Hope last week the ball of the CPL.
Smith, Warner watch
The season ended early for Tridents' Steven Smith, as he flew back to Australia with an abdominal strain. The injury was revealed by Tridents captain Holder ahead of their game against the Stars. Smith fared modestly through the season, scoring 185 runs in seven innings at an average of 26.42 and a strike rate of 127.58, while also taking three wickets and winning Player of the Match in one of Tridents' two league-stage victories.
David Warner, on the other hand, finally produced a match-winning innings, after some good scores earlier in the season that just didn't translate into wins. With Stars chasing 136 against Tridents, Warner - in at No. 4 - anchored the innings after an early wobble, grinding out an unbeaten 45-ball 42 to secure a Stars victory in their final game of the season. Warner finished with 220 runs in nine innings, at an average of 31.42 and a strike-rate of 111.67. He hit only four sixes and 19 fours in the whole season.


text:
Naamghar- Assam's Centre of Harmony & Social Transformation
Better Life, Culture, Devotion
by Nandini Sen Das
Nandini Sen Das
Nandini. The lady who loves reading, travelling, dancing, and gardening…
Marauding The Ancient Lepcha Tribe in Sikkim
A unique system of motivation, devotion and disciplined assembly in a designated prayer hall of a village, locality or town is what defines the crux of the Naamghar culture of Assam
Assam–the very word rings in vivid pictures of lush tea gardens, beautiful valleys and landscapes, oil fields, bamboo, national parks, silk, rich handlooms, ancient temples and the mighty river Brahmaputra.
For the uninitiated, Assam's culture and tradition lies beyond Bihu dance and woven Eri-Muga silk – the valley has a notable religious philosophy "Ekasarana" and its centre "the Naamghar" that is the DNA of its society.
Of course, there's much more to it for an explorer's mind to learn about this north-eastern state that has its footprints in history since the Stone Age.
The people of the state – the Assamese community are known world-wide and around the country for their calm demeanour, simplicity, rich traditional and cultural constitution and deep-seated faith in community service.
Congregational worship or Naam at Bangalore Naamghar
All of these are mark of a society that has evolved with time and grown stronger bonds with the diaspora now spread across several continents and far off states within the country.
The central dogma of unity within any community doesn't just lie with their proven ability to embrace and adapt to various cultures but also the streamlined effort to hold on to the foundational culture and faith and enhance it amidst modernism.
A unique system of motivation, devotion and disciplined assembly in designated prayer hall of a village, locality or town is what defines the crux of the Naamghar culture of Assam.
Naamghar which literally means Prayer House is a place of congregational worship in Assam where men and women assemble to hail the Supreme Being in the form of Lord Krishna and focus on Bhakti –based singing of Naam or devotional songs.
Naamghar or Kirtan ghar is the true representation of the general make-up of most of the Assamese community that have been created with a futuristic idea of creating awareness in social, political and cultural demands of the state, in a peaceful for-the-people approach.
The weaving of a social structure always has its roots deep in the past with massive contribution from social reformers and their tales of struggle to show light to the common man and the underprivileged section of the society.
Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva, one of such greats is the founder of the neo- Vaishnavite philosophy named Ekasarana Dharma, literary meaning of which is "Shelter in One Religion", established and propagated the Naamghar-culture in Assam.
Naamghars not only function as centers of worship but serves as stronghold of social reformation and cultural activities like the Bhaona or dramatic performances based on the life and teachings of Lord Krishna .
They form the main functional hall amongst other structurally important construction in Sattras or monasteries of the Ekasarana religion.
The devotees or Bhakats offer prayers inside the Naamghar, paying their obeisance towards a small room named "Manikut" where all the holy scripts as well as the triangular shaped seven-tiered Guru-asana (symbolic sacred seat for the Guru) is placed, adorned by the traditional "Phulam gamusa" at its centre.
Naam at Bangalore Naamghar
Naamghars have had tremendous impact in bringing about social transformation and welcomed people from all backgrounds, thereby abolishing casteism, the much prevalent social evil in our country. Repulsion of animal sacrifice, the Brahman-tatva and non-idol worshipping marks the key elements of this philosophy till date.
The Bhakti movement that emanated from this ideology gave rise to new forms of literature, music (known as Borgeet), theatre(Ankiya naat) and Krishna-centric dance, popularly known as Sattriya, a major Indian classical form.
Naamghars follow a religious text written in Assamese script known as Srimad Bhagawat of Mahapuruxh Sankardeva based on the ancient Sanskrit scripture. This book has also been augmented by two other books of holy songs, Kirtan Ghoxa written by Mahapuruxh Sankardeva and Naam Ghoxa written by his disciple Mahapruxh Madhabdev.
Culture, Entertainment, Music
Kinu Sawonire – Bihu Dance by Avantika Kashyap
Devotional songs from these books are sung with a special tune by men and women, attired in their traditional dress of mekhela chador for ladies and Dhuti for men with a compulsory Assamese gamusa worn around their necks.
Such chantings or singing, often referred to as Naam and are accompanied by musical instruments like the Khol and Jaaptaal.
Well then, what's the big deal?!!
It is the massive united human force bound by this strong philosophy that comes in the forefront when any natural calamity befalls the state and the country. The recent pandemic Covid-19 that has dislodged many Assam residents from other states of India, found relief coming from this institutionalized force in the form of all-possible initiative to rehabilitate the worst affected.
Srimanta Sankardeva's vision of uniting the Assamese community for a larger benefit cannot be better exemplified than this and how……
That's a story for another day!
With inputs, photographs and video from Mrs. Pranjoli Baishya Pathak, Joint Secretary, Sreemanta Sankardeva Cultural Society, Bangalore
Assam Covid 19 Ekasarana Culture India Naamghar Sattriya Srimanta Sankardev
Nandini. The lady who loves reading, travelling, dancing, and gardening was born in the old, romantic Guwahati, now the capital city of the northeastern state of Assam.Her addiction, after being a biotech researcher, is science writing. Now she resides in the tech capital of India, Bengaluru. Hubby and two daughters make up her personal life. And by Jove, can she write stories about theromance of the northeast!
Nandini Sen Das October 3, 2020
Shillong To Sohra- A Thrilling Ride And Back
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Adda, Better Life, Health
An Year of Meaning, Connection and Joy!
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The 12 from 12
Adda, Series
Bhoot Chaturdashi: Guiding the Spirit of Our Forefathers


text:
30. oktober je 303. dan leta (304. v prestopnih letih) v gregorijanskem koledarju. Ostaja še 62 dni.

Dogodki
 1270 - osma križarska vojna: konča se obleganje Tunisa
 1905 - ruski car Nikolaj II. z oktobrskim manifestom uvede dumo
 1918 - Turčija in antanta podpišejo premirje, ki nastopi opoldne naslednji dan in zaključi prvo svetovno vojno na Bližnjem vzhodu
 1920 - ustanovljena Komunistična Partija Avstralije v Sydneyju
 1922 - Benito Mussolini postane italijanski predsednik vlade
 1938 - Orson Welles predvaja radijsko igro Vojna svetov, ki povzroči paniko med poslušalci, ki so verjeli v resničnost igre
 1941 - Druga svetovna vojna: Franklin Delano Roosevelt potrdi pomoč v višini ene milijarde ameriških dolarjev za zavezniški program Lend-Lease
 1961 - Sovjetska zveza detonira hidrogensko bombo (t.im. Carska bomba) nad Novo Zemljo in s tem sproži eksplozijo z močjo 58 megaton, kar je najmočnejša sila, ki jo je sprostil človek
 1973 - Turčija: dograjen je Bosporski most v Istanbulu, povezava med kontinentoma Evropo in Azijo
 1975 - med pristajanjem Inex Adriinega letala na praškem letališču Ruzyně v nesreči umre 74 ljudi
 1991 - začetek bližnjevzhodne mirovne konfrence v Madridu
 1995 - volivci na referendumu tesno zavrnejo odcepitev Quebeca
 2005 - po 61 letih obnovljena dresdenska cerkev Frauenkirche

Rojstva
 1218 - cesar Čukjó, 85. japonski cesar († 1234)
 1327 - Andrej Kalabrijski, madžarski princ, neapeljski kralj, vojvoda Kalabrije († 1345)
 1451 - Krištof Kolumb, genovsko-španski pomorščak (drugi možni datum rojstva je 25. julij) († 1505)
 1735 - John Adams, ameriški predsednik († 1826)
 1818 - Danšaku Motoda Nagazane, japonski cesarski vzgojitelj († 1891)
 1821 - Fjodor Mihajlovič Dostojevski, ruski pisatelj († 1881)
 1839 - Alfred Sisley, angleški slikar († 1899)
 1840 - William Graham Sumner, ameriški sociolog, ekonomist († 1910)
 1862 -
 Anton Funtek, slovenski pesnik, pisatelj, prevajalec († 1932)
 Friedrich Meinecke, nemški zgodovinar († 1954)
 1871 - Paul Valéry, francoski pesnik († 1945)
 1873 - Francisco Indalecio Madero, mehiški državnik, predsednik Mehike († 1913)
 1882 -
 William Halsey, ml., ameriški admiral († 1959)
 Günther von Kluge, nemški maršal († 1944)
 1885 - Ezra Pound, ameriški pesnik († 1972)
 1895 - Gerhard Domagk, nemški bakteriolog, nobelovec 1939 († 1964)
 1900 - Ragnar Granit, finski nevrolog, nobelovec 1967 († 1991)
 1906 - Giuseppe Farina, italijanski avtomobilski dirkač († 1966)
 1907 - Sol Tax, ameriški etnolog († 1995)
 1928 - Daniel Nathans, ameriški mikrobiolog, nobelovec 1978 († 1999)
 1939 -
 Leland H. Hartwell, ameriški znanstvenik, nobelovec 2001
 Grace Slick, ameriška pevka (Jefferson Airplane)
 1941 - Theodor Wolfgang Hänsch, nemški fizik, nobelovec 2005
 1947 - Timothy B. Schmit, ameriški glasbenik (Eagles)
 1957 - Kevin Pollak, ameriški igralec
 1960 - Diego Armando Maradona, argentinski nogometaš
 1979 -
 Suzana Lep Šimenko, slovenska ekonomistka in političarka
 Xavier Espot Zamora, andorski politik
 1980 - Kareem Lamar Rush, ameriški košarkar
 1981 - Ivanka Trump, ameriška manekenka
 1984 - Tyson Strachan, kanadski hokejist
 1986 - Thomas Morgenstern, avstrijski smučarski skakalec

Smrti

 1137 - Sergej VII., neapeljski vojvoda
 1174 - Friderick de la Roche, nadškof Tira, jeruzalemski kancler
 1272 - Hugo IV., burgundski vojvoda (* 1213)
 1611 – Karel IX., kralj Švedske in Finske (* 1550)
 1626 - Willebrord Snell van Royen, nizozemski matematik, fizik, astronom (* 1580)
 1634 - György Káldi, madžarski teolog in prevajalec katoliškega Svetega pisma (* 1573)
 1757 - Osman III., sultan Osmanskega cesarstva (*  1699)
 1895 - Fran Celestin, slovenski književni zgodovinar (* 1843)
 1910 - Jean Henri Dunant, švicarski človekoljub, nobelovec 1901 (* 1828)
 1915 - sir Charles Tupper, kanadski predsednik vlade (* 1821)
 1918 - Egon Schiele, avstrijski slikar (* 1890)
 1944 -  Vladimir Miselj, slovenski diplomat (* 1899)
 1953 - Emmerich Kálmán, madžarski skladatelj (* 1882)
 1975 - Gustav Ludwig Hertz, nemški fizik, nobelovec 1925 (* 1887)
 1997 - Samuel Fuller, ameriški filmski režiser (* 1912)
 2002 - Jam Master Jay, ameriški rapper (Run DMC) (* 1965)
 2007 - John Woodruff, ameriški atlet (* 1915)
 2009 - Claude Lévi-Strauss, francoski etnolog, antropolog, sociolog in filozof (* 1908)

Prazniki in obredi
 Dan spomina na žrtve Sovjetskih političnih pregonov, Post - Sovjetske države

Zunanje povezave
 BBC: na današnji dan  (Angleščina)

A30


By following Dividium, you will receive email notifications when new lyrics by Dividium are added to Exposed lyrics. You will also be able to view a list of the artists you are following from your account and quickly access all of their lyrics.
Left with false hope and disarray.
I wont wait to take my chance.
Pushed to the limit and left to burn.
I cant abide the way youve changed.