What is the current definition of an exosome?
How were exosomes first recognized as distinct entities?
Why this explosion of interest?
So do we know how they are generated?
If not all ILVs become exosomes, what determines the fate of an ILV?
What about differences between cells: do all cells release exosomes?
What happens when exosomes reach an acceptor cell?
So what are the consequences of all this information transfer? What biological functions have been established for exosomes?
How exactly would exosomes from one cell influence the expression and activity of proteins in an acceptor cell?
So exosomes can also contribute to disease?
Now I'm confused—what determines what exosomes contain?
So how exactly can you be sure that a given extracellular vesicle is an exosome and not something else?
So are you saying there is no reliable marker for endosomes?
If they are so hard to characterize reliably, how are exosomes isolated and studied?
What would you say are the most important issues in exosome research?
Q&A: What are exosomes, exactly?
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles first described as such 30 years ago and since implicated in cell–cell communication and the transmission of disease states, and explored as a means of drug discovery. Yet fundamental questions about their biology remain unanswered. Here I explore what exosomes are, highlight the difficulties in studying them and explain the current definition and some of the outstanding issues in exosome biology.
That is a very good question. Since the original description of exosomes over 30 years ago, the term has been loosely used for various forms of extracellular vesicle, muddying the field and contributing to the scepticism with which the research has sometimes been met. Exosomes are best defined as extracellular vesicles that are released from cells upon fusion of an intermediate endocytic compartment, the multivesicular body (MVB), with the plasma membrane. This liberates intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) into the extracellular milieu and the vesicles thereby released are what we know as exosomes (Fig. 1).
There are other types of microvesicle, including apoptotic bodies and ectosomes, which are derived from cells undergoing apoptosis and plasma membrane shedding, respectively. Although apoptotic bodies, ectosomes and exosomes are all roughly the same size (typically 40–100 nm) and all also contain 'gulps' of cytosol, they are different species of vesicles and understanding differences between them is of paramount importance but has too often been overlooked.
The presence of membranous vesicles outside cells was first recognized 50 years ago, although these were originally assumed to be waste products released via shedding of the plasma membrane. The recognition of what we now call exosomes didn't come until 1983, from studies on the loss of transferrin during the maturation of reticulocytes into erythrocytes . These studies showed, by following transferrin-gold conjugates through the endocytic system, that ILVs generated in MVBs can be released to the extracellular space through fusion with the plasma membrane , although it was not until 1987 that the term 'exosome' was coined for them .
Even then, however, these extracellular vesicles were largely ignored, forgotten or, again, dismissed as a means of cellular waste disposal. It is only in the past decade that interest in exosomes has exploded, with a nearly tenfold increase in publications in as many years (115 in 2006, 1010 in 2015).
For at least three reasons. First, they are thought to provide a means of intercellular communication and of transmission of macromolecules between cells. Second, in the past decade, exosomes have been attributed roles in the spread of proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA and DNA and as contributing factors in the development of several diseases. And third, they have been proposed to be useful vectors for drugs because they are composed of cell membranes, rather than synthetic polymers, and as such are better tolerated by the host. In fact, some of the earliest exosome research indicated that they can carry the MHC–peptide complexes that are recognized by T lymphocytes  and that secretion of such exosomes could promote antitumour immune responses in mice in vivo . Exosome therapies are now being explored in anti-cancer clinical trials and recent reports claim taxol-filled exosomes can be used to treat cancers in mice at 50-fold lower doses than conventional treatments, with the additional benefit that exosomes do not invoke an immune response .
Yet despite 20 years of research, the very basics of exosome biology are in their infancy and we know little of the part they play in normal cellular physiology.
Yes and no. We do know that they are made as ILVs; but first of all, not all ILVs finish up as exosomes, and second, the mechanism of their generation in endosomes is not fully understood. Most conventional membrane budding processes deform membrane from an organelle into the cytoplasm but in ILV formation the membrane buds away from the cytoplasm and into the endosome. This unconventional budding process is not limited to ILV generation but also takes place during enveloped virus budding from the cytosol and during cytokinesis , and it requires specialised machinery.
ILVs (and thus exosomes) can be generated at the endosomal limiting membrane by at least two mechanisms, one of which depends on the ESCRT machinery (ESCRT stands for endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) whereas the other is ESCRT-independent (Fig. 2).
The ESCRT machinery consists of a set of cytosolic protein complexes that are recruited to endosomes by membrane proteins that have been tagged, usually with ubiquitin on their cytosolic domains. The ubiquitin tag is recognized by the first of the ESCRT complexes, ESCRT-0, which is thus recruited to the endosomal membrane and passes ubiquitinated cargos to ESCRT-I, one of whose components, Tsg101, also recognizes ubiquitin. The recruitment of the ESCRT machinery acts to both cluster the ubiquitinated cargo proteins on the endosome and induce curvature of the endosomal membrane to form ILVs.
But ILVs are still able to form in the absence of ESCRTs , so other means of generating ILVs must exist, although the mechanisms for their generation are less clear. Generation of these ESCRT-independent ILVs requires the tetraspanin CD63—a protein abundant on ILVs but with unclear function —and may be facilitated by cone-shaped bending properties of lipids such as ceramide .
The destiny of ILVs is directed by the fate of the MVB they reside in. Confusingly, in addition to different types of ILVs, there are also different types of MVBs  and what regulates the fate of these endosomes is another interesting question. MVBs have several potential fates (Fig. 2) and can either fuse with lysosomes (where contents are degraded and recycled), fuse with the plasma membrane (where ILVs are released as exosomes), as I have already mentioned, or contribute to the generation of specialised organelles, such as melanosomes (in melanocytes), Weibel-Palade bodies (endothelial cells), azurophilic granules (in neutrophils) and secretory granules (in mast cells). The levels of cholesterol on MVBs appear to play a part in regulating their fate, cholesterol-rich MVBs being directed to the plasma membrane for exosome release, while cholesterol-poor MVBs are targeted to the lysosome .
But what regulates the balance between exosome release and alternative fates of ILVs remains engimatic.
Well, not all cells have an endomembrane system, so no. But most mammalian cells contain endomembranes and generate ILVs within MVBs, though remarkably little is known about exosome release in most cell types.
Some cells—for example, the B cells, dendritic cells and mast cells of the immune system—appear to release exosomes constitutively; in fact, most of the data we have on exosomes comes from immune cells. As well as releasing exosomes constitutively, these cells may also be stimulated to secrete exosomes by cellular interactions. For example, murine dendritic cells, which are specialized to activate T lymphocytes, secrete higher levels of exosomes upon interaction with antigen-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes . In fact, lymphocyte interactions generally can be accompanied by exosome release; human T cells (including primary T cells from blood, T cell clones and Jurkat cell lines) release exosomes upon activation of their antigen receptors  and B cells release more exosomes upon engagement with antigen-specific CD4+ T cells .
Other cell types can be pushed to secrete exosomes by means of calcium ionophores or other stimuli [16, 17], but the extent of physiological exosome secretion in non-immune cells is largely unknown.
We don't know exactly. Exosomes that transfer membrane proteins or luminal content to the acceptor cell may be engulfed whole or the exosome membrane may fuse directly with the host plasma membrane (Fig. 3). Alternatively, exosomes may not need to be taken up by cells to elicit a physiological response: follicular dendritic cells, for example, carry on their cell surface exosomes that bear MHC–peptide complexes and other proteins that they do not express and are thereby enabled to activate immune cells with which they interact .
For intercellular transmission, various mechanisms of phagocytosis and endocytosis of extracellular vesicles have been described and which mechanism operates may depend upon vesicle size, which may in turn depend upon the cargo carried by the vesicle. In order for material to be released to an acceptor cell, exosomes must fuse with the host cell and this takes place via either direct fusion with the plasma membrane or a 'back-fusion' step from within a host endocytic organelle after the exosome has been engulfed. The process of back-fusion is not entirely clear, although it appears to require the unconventional lipid LBPA and protein Alix  (and is exploited by anthrax toxin lethal factor to escape from endosomes to the cytosol ).
Whether exosomes fuse with target cells or act via interactions with cell-surface proteins, or both, is another fundamental cell biology question that will need to be addressed if we are to understand the functions of exosomes.
There are many proposed functions for exosomes, the best-established being in immune responses. Exosomes isolated from B lymphocytes and bearing MHC class II molecules were shown in early experiments  to activate T lymphocytes in vitro, suggesting that they were communicating with the T lymphocytes in just the way that the parent B cells did. I have already mentioned later work by the same group, who showed that exosomes derived from dendritic cells, which are specialized to activate T cells in the initiation of immune responses, could promote antitumour immune responses in mice , exciting interest in the possibility of practical applications.
Or, as with follicular dendritic cells, exosome-associated MHC II can be found on the surface of cell types that neither express MHC II nor secrete exosomes, indicating that exosomes are delivered from one cell type to another .
However, exosomes may have roles other than in immune responses as several non-immune cells secrete exosomes. The only physiological role so far reported for non-immune cells is in keratinocyte-derived exosomes, which have been shown to modulate melanin synthesis by increasing the expression and activity of proteins within the melanosomes that modulate skin pigmentation .
Exosomes transfer not only protein and lipids but mRNA and microRNA into acceptor cells and these RNAs have been shown in experiments in vitro to have functional effects in recipient cells. For example, exosomes from mice can be transferred to human cells and mRNA can be translated into mouse protein . Similarly, microRNAs—double-stranded RNA fragments that can regulate specific sets of mRNA (and so protein levels)—can act functionally in acceptor cells. The mode of action of exosomes has been a focus of special interest in cancer biology. Exosomes from breast cancer cell lines, for example, have been shown to be enriched for miRNAs relative to nontumorigenic breast cell lines and exposure of normal cells to exosomes derived from breast cancer cell lines increased both cell survival and proliferation, accompanied by loss of expression of some tumour-suppressor proteins . Exosome levels are elevated in the serum of some cancer patients versus controls. However, whether these vesicles are exosomes or other forms of extracellular vesicle, or a mix, is unclear—I have already mentioned this persistent problem in exosome research.
Yes indeed. As exosomes provide a means of intercellular communication, they may also act as vehicles for 'bad' communication or spread. As well as miRNAs in the case of cancer, exosomes have been shown to contain numerous disease-associated cargos—for example, neurodegenerative-associated peptides, such as Aβ  (in Alzheimer's disease), tau  (in numerous neurodegenerative diseases), prions  (in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies), alpha-synuclein  (in synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease) and superoxide dismutase 1  (in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Exosomes have thus been suggested to be propagators of neurodegenerative protein spread, although some cargos are easier to envisage than others.
Of the neurodegenerative-associated proteins, only some are integral membrane proteins, that is, proteins inserted into lipid bilayers, rather than cytosolic. Sorting of proteins into ILVs (and thus exosomes) is easier to envisage for membrane proteins, where tags such as ubiquitin regulate where they end up. So far, the presence of both Aβ  and PrPc  has in fact been shown in ILVs, though this has not been demonstrated for other membrane proteins, such as alpha-synuclein and tau.
The mechanism whereby cytosolic proteins may be sorted to ILVs/exosomes, however, is not clear. In order for cytosolic proteins to become concentrated in ILVs, they would require positive incorporation and sorting, possibly by membrane-associated components on endosomes. All we can say is that there is evidence that this does in fact happen; cytosolic factors such as miRNAs are enriched in exosomes relative to cytosol, indicating that sorting must occur whereby certain miRNAs are concentrated and others are not .
The means by which disease-associated factors spread between cells remains poorly understood and exosomes would provide a means for such transmission. The presence of exosomal proteins, such as Alix, in association with Alzheimer's senile plaques strengthens the circumstantial case for exosomes as a mediator in such spread. The hope is that having a means to regulate exosome release and spread may be useful in combatting some of these diseases but much more basic biology needs to be established before then.
Exosomes will contain whatever is sorted into them during their formation (as ILVs). For membrane proteins, this usually occurs through ubiquitination, which acts as a substrate for recruitment of the ESCRT machinery and subsequent generation of ESCRT-dependent ILVs.
The mechanisms that concentrate cytosolic factors are currently unknown. Although it seems clear that miRNAs, for example, are enriched relative to the amount in their parent cells, and are not randomly incorporated into exosomes, it is not clear how some are enriched more than others. There are currently a few hypotheses for miRNA sorting, including sorting via sumoylated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins  or by a miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) .
Because of the difficulties in separating exosomes from other extracellular vesicles, it is likely that some cargos reported to be enriched in 'exosomes' may in fact be contained in contaminant vesicles that are not exosomes. While many researchers are very stringent about applying the labels 'exosomes' and 'extracellular vesicles' correctly, others unfortunately are not. In addition, as I have said before, cytosolic proteins are likely to be found in exosome preparations because the exosome lumen is made of cytosol.
This is an interesting question that has a complex answer. Ideally, an intracellular compartment is identified by a specific biological marker, as, for example, in the case of the Golgi, nucleus or mitochondria, all of which carry proteins not found, or found at much lower levels, elsewhere.
One problem is that ILVs, and thus exosomes, represent an intermediate compartment of an intermediate. MVBs are not static organelles but rather undergo continuous maturation, in the course of which they gain and lose proteins. There will never be an exclusive marker for exosomes because any cargo on the ILV/exosome membrane must first be on the limiting membrane of the endosome and anything found inside must first come from the cytosol. A cargo may be concentrated on ILVs/exosomes but it will also be elsewhere. CD63 could be thought of as a pseudo-marker for exosomes. ILVs and exosomes are enriched in several such tetraspanins and my colleagues and I have show that CD63 is required for ESCRT-independent ILV formation . Alix also appears to be concentrated in ILVs/exosomes , as does Tsg101, a component of ESCRT-I, which has been used as a marker of exosomes in numerous studies [33, 34], although the presence of Tsg101 in ILVs or exosomes does not fit with conventional models of ILV formation. Although Tsg101 is involved in ESCRT-dependent ILV formation, as mentioned earlier, it, along with other ESCRT components, should disassociate from the endosomal membrane prior to an ILV pinching off the endosomal membrane to allow it to participate in further events . Exactly when ESCRT-I components 'fall off' the membrane is unknown but it is conventionally thought to be prior to ILV formation, so Tsg101 should remain cytosolic and available for subsequent rounds of ILV formation. It is possible that some Tsg101 may be 'swallowed' into the forming ILV lumen, but levels should be negligible.
There may not be—not a single reliable one. Ultimately, perhaps the best method of defining exosomes biochemically may be through a combination of markers, including tetraspanins, Alix and others, with a concomitant exclusion of resident plasma membrane proteins. Although ILVs/exosomes will by their nature contain some plasma membrane proteins and the plasma membrane will contain some ILV/exosomal proteins, it should be possible to define relative levels and/or enrichment of proteins of exosomes that distinguish them from other microvesicles. Cargos such as MHC II from B cells and other cell type-specific antigens may also help to distinguish exosomes from other forms of extracellular vesicle. Common exosomal cargos include tetraspanins (CD63, CD81, CD9), antigen presentation molecules (MHC I and MHC II) and others (Alix, flotillin-1). An online database exists  where proteins, lipids and RNA are catalogued from published and unpublished exosomal studies.
Exosomes are rarely imaged by conventional methods as they are too small to be resolved by fluorescence microscopy and their release may be a rare event. A few studies have imaged exosome release occurring in cell cultures by various electron microscopic techniques but, more commonly, exosomes are pooled from cellular supernatant or animal fluids. Traditionally, they have been isolated by differential centrifugation from culture medium whereby larger contaminants are first excluded by pelleting out through increasing speeds of centrifugation before exosomes, small extracellular vesicles and even protein aggregates are pelleted at very high speeds (~100,000 × g) . These preparations therefore represent an enrichment rather than a purification. Enriched preparations are commonly analysed by biochemistry, mass spectrometry or electron microscopy. Electron microscopy of isolated fractions as 'whole mounts' make it possible to immuno-label vesicles, with the limitation that isolated preparations do not provide the same internal controls as labelling sections of cells. Remarkably little attention has been paid to the characterization of exosomes, although efforts are being made to repair this omission with guidelines and criteria for defining groups of extracellular vesicles .
Without doubt the single most important issue is actually understanding the biological significance of these structures. With so little known about their basic physiological functions, it may seem hard to understand how exosomes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of so many disparate disease states. Fundamental questions remain about exosome generation, fate and normal function but, ultimately, in order to understand exosomes, one must first understand ILVs, a fact that is too often overlooked. Meanwhile, it is important that publications on exosomes give a careful and explicit account of the criteria used for distinguishing them from other extracellular vesicles to avoid confusing the field and encouraging scepticism.
The author wishes to thank Scottie Robinson, Paul Luzio and Paul Manna for critical reading of this article.


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Long Way from Here è un album raccolta di inediti live di David Bromberg, pubblicato dalla Fantasy Records nel 1986.

Il disco contiene registrazioni sia live che di studio del periodo 1976-1979, effettuate in varie località degli Stati Uniti.

Tracce
Lato A

Lato B

Musicisti
The Viper
 David Bromberg - chitarra, voce
 Peter Ecklund - cornetta
 Curtis Linberg - trombone
 John Firmin - sassofono tenore
 George Kindler - violino
 Dick Fegy - chitarra
 Charles McPherson - sassofono alto
 Hugh McDonald - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria
Loaded and Laid
 David Bromberg - chitarra, voce
 Brantley Kearns - violino
 Dick Fegy - chitarra
 John Firmin - clarinetto
 Hugh McDonald - basso
 Steve Mosley - batteria
Kitchen Girl
 David Bromberg - dobro, violino
 Dick Fegy - banjo
 George Kindler - violino
Long Afternoons
 David Bromberg - chitarra, voce
 Dick Fegy - chitarra
 Curtis Linberg - trombone
 John Firmin - flauto
 David Shallock - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria
Jelly Jaw Joe
 David Bromberg - voce, dobro
 Dick Fegy - mandolino
 George Kindler - violino
 John Firmin - sassofono soprano
 Peter Ecklund - cornetta
 Curtis Linberg - trombone
 Hugh McDonald - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria
Nashville Again
 David Bromberg - voce, chitarra
 George Kindler - violino
 David Shellock - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria
Suffer to Sing the Blues
 Dvaid Bromberg - voce, dobro
 Dick Fegy - chitarra
 George Kindler - violino
 Peter Ecklund - tromba
 Curtis Linberg - trombone
 John Firmin - sassofono tenore
 Hugh McDonald - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria
 Nancy Bromberg - voce
When I Was a Cowboy
 David Bromberg - voce, chitarra
 Dick Fegy - chitarra
 Peter Ecklund - tromba
 Curtis Linberg - trombone
 John Firmin - sassofono tenore
 George Kindler - violino
 Hugh McDonald - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria
 Nancy Bromberg - voce
Make Me a Pallet on the Floor
 David Bromberg - chitarra, voce
 Dick Fegy - mandolino
 Peter Ecklund - cornetta
 Curtis Linberg - trombone
 John Firmin - sassofono soprano
 George Kindler - violino
 Hugh McDonald - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria
 Nancy Bromberg - voce
Trying to Get Home
 David Bromberg - dobro, voce
 Dick Fegy - chitarra
 George Kindler - mandolino
 Hugh McDonald - basso
 Lance Dickerson - batteria

Note

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Suncorp Super Netball began a new chapter in Australian Netball history in 2017, and with it the introduction of GIANTS Netball.
Owned and operated by Netball NSW, in strategic alliance with GIANTS AFL, GIANTS Netball was formed on the basis of providing more opportunities for the 116,000 registered Members in NSW – to represent their State at Netball's highest domestic level, to attend more home games than ever before, and witness the world's best netballers live in action.
GIANTS Netball remains committed for being strong role models for young netballers around NSW, Australia and the world, and for representing NSW to the best of our ability.


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Home » Heavy Metal News » Skid Row Releases New Version of "18 and Life" With New Singer Tony Harnell
Skid Row Releases New Version of "18 and Life" With New Singer Tony Harnell
As reported last week, Skid Row has split with their singer of the last 14 years, Johnny Solinger. Founding member Snake Sabo said, "We had a lot of great times together and created a lot of great music. We wish him nothing but the best." Co-founder Rachel Bolan added, "Sometimes things just end. People go in different directions and grow apart and you have to make a decision. He will always be our brother."
The band wasted no time filling the slot, hiring TNT vocalist Tony Harnell. "Tony's experience, power and undeniable range made our decision an easy one," commented guitarist Scotti Hill. Drummer Rob Hammersmith added, "I believe this will be a great year for SKID ROW. I'm looking forward for things to come."
The band is already trying to silence the critics by releasing a brand new version of "18 And Life", recorded with new singer Harnell. Download the song for free at www.skidrow.com. Check it out and let us know what you think.
The band will head into the studio to record the third chapter of the United World Rebellion trilogy this summer. They will also hit the road for another world tour in support.
What do you think about Skid Row's new lead singer?
Filed Under: Heavy Metal News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


My Ear is to the Ground.
Believe it or not, though I live in Ohio, I still keep my ear to the ground. So, Scotty Boy, aka Scott Stradley, will no longer be serving on the Utility Board due to his move outside of the City. I guess that means he is no longer going to have the ability to serve the residents outside of the City while serving on a City Board. It will be interesting to see who Councilwoman Turner will replace him with.
So, what else is the Scotty boy doing? Well, I heard or read that he apparently has a few short term rentals in the City of Vero Beach downtown area. He must think he is above the fray when it comes to short term rentals. Just saying.
BTW, has anyone looked into Commissioner Bob Solari's rental properties that are in the County? Maybe he is doing the same thing. If he is doing short term rentals that might be the reason he votes to allow them to occur in the County. There are a lot of residents at risk by having a short term rental as a neighbor. If the Salami is not doing short term rentals you probably can assume that some of his big dollar campaign donors are guilty of doing so. Oh well, I am just thinking out loud.
Larry Reisman say's that "in 2013 city residents voted to sell the electric operation to Florida Power & Light Co. It's time to put that issue to bed — it's been discussed for more than 40 years — and get it sold". Yep Larry, it is time to put that issue to bed. 40 years and millions of dollars later the issue has been put to bed. It is not possible to sell the Electric Utility because of the iron clad contracts that are in place with the Florida Municipal Power Agency so…all of you idiots who still think a sale is possible….get over it. It's not going to happen. The sales agreement that the old Troika of Carroll, Turner and Fletcher signed is not worth the paper it is written on.
The best news is the fact that Vero Beach City Council has finally voted 4-1 to put the public comments at the end of the meeting with the Redheaded Hen dissenting. It's about time. The only thing left to do now is to cut the cameras after the business meeting and let all the gadflies rant and rave with NO TV audience.
Putting these talking heads at the end of the meeting will allow city business to be conducted without the rants of 30 day Wilson and the Brian and Joe duet. If it is true, what I have read, that Scotty Boy has short term rentals he must be held accountable like all other residents. 30 day Wilson has backed some winners in his time, but has also backed some big losers. The biggest loser he ever supported was himself when lost in his quest for a Vero council seat. He slid in the polls faster than firemen slid down poles in two story firehouses. Way to go Chuck.
I stepped into City Hall for the first time in years last week. After using the Rest Room I noticed the plaque on the wall with the list of all previous Council Members, including Hon. Charles Wilson. Comments?
Jim, every time he is introduced in the media they always say…"former city councilman, charlie wilson" It's not my fault that he is revered by the media. I personally think that someone who was kicked off council by a judge after only serving about one month should not be considered a former councilman.
I'm sure Mr. Wilson counts that as one of his life achievements, even though the achievement was gotten illegally.
Jim, you are correct about 30 day Wilson. The once removed and once defeated ,for the Vero city Council, should say it all. He prides himself on campaigning for some victorious candidates, but he couldn't get himself elected.I have forgotten all the other election contests he has been in and lost them all. Way to go Chuck.
Cruz's campaign has been so negative, so laden with lies, one could be excused for wondering if Wilson is on the Cruz team, helping the Texas Tea Party darling slime his way across the country.
Regarding Scott Stradley's short-term rental, I am currently trying to determine if the property in question is zoned commercial. If it is, then Stradley may have every legal right to operate that property as a transient boarding house, so long as he has obtained the necessary licenses. I'll let you know what I learn from the Planning Department.
Mr Stradley is no longer involved in the Utilities Commission, disqualified as a non resident of the VB service area.
I presume anyone inquiring into his compliance regarding zoning, tax remittances,licenses and legality has addressed the issue with COVB, and importantly, spoken to him directly.
If Mr Stradley – or any private citizen – is circumventing the law, so be it; if not, one should take care before conjecturing. In my experience, due diligence is focused prior, not after allegations are proffered.
A tenant of law is innocent before found guilty; not guilty before proven innocent.
Stradley has two short-term rentals on the airbnb.com website. He has always claimed he has two utility meters on the building he's using the short-term rentals for, one for commercial and one for residential. My guess is these units are those two residences…One is commercial and one is residential. I would also guess Mr. Stradley doesn't have a business license to operate the possible legal one. There is no excuse for the residential unit.
Those are simply my two cents.
Everyone must obey all laws if we are to maintain a civilized culture. I hope everyone involved in the rental business conforms to existing laws and codes. This certainly would make life a lot easier for all.
"Some may be persuaded that a County, State or Federal Government may be more knowledgeable, efficient and situated to best serve its taxpayers, businesses and residents than municipalities who are closer to the people" says Peter Gorry in an earlier post.
Yes, it appears that a municipality is closer to the problems and issues than, let's say, the County government. Take for example of the City of Sebastian. It appears that they are ousting the Mayor because his philosophies are not in line with the rest of the council. Or did he resign because of that?
Can you say Bob Solari? Imagine the County Commissioners ousting one of their own because they did not agree with their Chairman. LOL If this is good for a muni why not let it be good for the County? Just saying.
Couldn't agree with you more on Cruz, what a slime ball. No comment on Mr. Wilson, I don't know that much about him. Typical huh, nobody pays much attention to local politics, probably as important as the national scene.
Seems like nobody cares much about short term rentals unless it's somebody on the council. I probably wouldn't want one next door to me either though. Seems like a constant: the ones responsible for making the codes and laws are many times the ones who choose not to abide by them.
Vero Beach Planning Director Tim McGarry confirmed today that Scott Stradley's properties are within the Downtown District, and can be legally offered as short-term rentals. According to McGarry, Stradley has the necessary licenses. Further, McGarry said Stradley checked with the planning department before offering his properties for rent.
Posting a link to Stradley's rental listings on Airbnb, as a local "news" aggregator has done, without at least making an effort to answer the question raised, is not exactly responsible journalism.
Thanks Mark…so, apologies to Scotty Boy. Sounds like he is legal and that says a lot for him but I still think it was right to remove him from the Utility board because he no longer lives in the City.
Mr. Stradley's property, as far as I know is right in the middle of anything goes land. There is commercial, slum, retail, school, social services, motorcycle classes, restaraunt. If anywhere is zoned for short term rental, it is there.
The news on Mr Stradley's rental is good news for all. He did it the right and that's the way it should be.
Am I seeing that Pilar Turner has put Rock Tonkel on the Utility Commission? Is he a city resident? Rock was an early cheerleader for FPL and claimed to represent the whole of Grand Harbor, that's what I recall. Utilities expertise?? Not sure. Anyone?
Mr. Tonkel lives in Grand Harbor. I'm sure he's a Vero Beach utility customer.
At this point, would it kill her to just name a city resident. She is like a spoiled child.
Commission members should be users of all the city utilities. This is pure politics and it is disgusting.
Pilar Turner is no friend to her home city of Vero. Always looking outside the city because she will seek a commission seat in the future. She hopes to succeed Bob Salami one day. Can't forget her asking all Vero Electric users to pay up $26,000,000 to sell Vero Electric,even though a sale is not possible because of long term existing contracts. Keeping the sale issue alive is one of the ways she uses to get re-elected. She appeals to low information voters with this worn out issue. I believe if she had her way there would be no COVB.
There are three VB Utilities, VBE, W/S and Solid Waste.
Indian River Shores has 3200 residence customers in VBE, 4000 total in W/S and a member, by ordinance, appointed by IRS.
Neither have any S/W customers.
There are 11200 VBE res customers, 13500 total W/S and 8700 SW in the COVB.
Total of all IRC customers outside IRS is 18400, within COVB total is 33400.
The W/S STEP System replacing 1500 septics,over time, applies only within COVB.
Further, under study is the need and prospective funding of a potential StormWater Utility which in a preliminary report would apply to all land use,public and private, for over 10000 properties within the City limits.
As of year end 2015, both the Chairman and Vice Chair of the UC were not City residents.Members of the Finance Commission must be City residents.
The UC and FC are advisory volunteer Commissions providing recommendations to the CC for decisions.
Would another Indian River Shores resident also qualify for the commission, based on the same criteria. They are Both on city electric, and actually the IRS resident could also be on city sewer.Could Brian Barefoot be appointed to our utility commission by Mrs. Turner?
Each Council member appoints one, the CC of IRS appoints another and one member is elected "at large" by the COVB CC.
The only restriction is that a member live in the COVB Utility territory.Currently two members are from IRS (both highly qualified).
There are many IRC customers who have VBE but not W/S and a small number who have W/S but not VBE.
Mrs Turner, or any Council member may appoint someone who resides in either the COVB VBE or WS service areas. Thus, theoretically, a minority of the UC could be City residents.
To clarify data, about 8500 Non City customers have both VBE and W/S compared to 12000 customers who live in the City. Solid Waste has 8700 customers, all in the City.
Richard Gillmor is told by his fellow councilmen that he is inept as Mayor of Sebastian so he decides to run for County Commission?
I guess Sebastian politics is beginning to look like old times.
BTW, I think all County Commissioners should be vetted regarding their positions on short term rentals.
The timing of the Gillmor removal will go down as one of the greatest blunders of Indian River Politic History. Stay home Hill you aren't going anywhere.
So, all the members of the Utility commission could reside outside the city, as long as they were served by either Vero Beach Electric or Vero Beach Utilities for water? This is assuming that each council member appointed a non city member and they also choose a non-city resident at-large.
Is there any representation from the South Beaches?
It's amazing that,while all ready set up as a potential hostile takeover, Mrs. Turner tries to push the envelope even further.
Let's take a good hard look at this, Council.
You get what you vote for. Turner has been elected two or three times and her MO has not changed from word go.
Someday the citizens of Vero will she her for what she really is, and then and only then, will this phony be kicked off the council. She is not the first anti COVB councilman to be elected; the first would be the pompous Bob Solari. The same Bob Solari who is the friend of Short Term Rentals.Look at the Short Term Committee he put together. It says it all!
I heard Joe Earman had a successful gathering last night. I heard the place was packed.
Mr. Wilson was disqualified after being seated on VBCC, wasn't he? Hardly a regular 'former' City Council person. But maybe my memory fails me.
What would our millage rate go to if the South Beach would annex. Are there any downsides for the city, being that we all ready supply their utilities. This should have happened way back in the 80's. It makes no sense why the south beach would not want better protection and much more stringent zoning enforcement for the minimal increase in their total taxes. And a lot of animosity would go away.
South Beach sounds like a good idea except for the fact that a certain doctor with all the wrong financial numbers would become a COVB resident.
And he would be welcomed as a resident, but not as a consultant.
Today, the FL PSC unanimously upheld the position that Electric Territory designation is superior to local franchise agreements.
It seems COVB will be expending additional legal fees (which are added to VBE rates) as the County and IRS appear committed to pursue their challenges through the courts.
For every $1M COVB expends in legal expenses, rates are increased by over 1% for all customers.
Should the law suits succeed, and VBE be forced to sell, then VBE would be entitled to fair market value, including compensation for stranded assets,contingent liabilities and future revenues since the entire system was constructed and predicated on its current customer base.
In the case of a forced sale, I would be very concerned if Pilar Turner and Harry Howle decide what fair market value is. Remember these two politicians are committed to a sale at any price. It was not long ago when Pilar Turner wanted to have ratepayers pay $26,000,000 to complete the sale.


Style:20712716Color: BlackMaterial: Made of 100% Wool, WovenDepartments: Fitted Crown:Mid Closur..
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text:
/*
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
/*
 * This code was generated by https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-java-client-services/
 * Modify at your own risk.
 */

package com.google.api.services.integrations.v1alpha.model;

/**
 * Model definition for EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions.
 *
 *
 This is the Java data model class that specifies how to parse/serialize into the JSON that is
 * transmitted over HTTP when working with the Application Integration API. For a detailed
 * explanation see:
 * https://developers.google.com/api-client-library/java/google-http-java-client/json
 *

 *
 * @author Google, Inc.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("javadoc")
public final class EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions extends com.google.api.client.json.GenericJson {

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String clientId;

  /**
   * Whether to include or exclude the enums matching the regex.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String enumFilterType;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String errorEnumString;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String retryAttempt;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String taskName;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String taskNumber;

  /**
   * Stats have been or will be aggregated on set fields for any semantically-meaningful
   * combination.
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String triggerId;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String warningEnumString;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String workflowId;

  /**
   * The value may be {@code null}.
   */
  @com.google.api.client.util.Key
  private java.lang.String workflowName;

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getClientId() {
    return clientId;
  }

  /**
   * @param clientId clientId or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setClientId(java.lang.String clientId) {
    this.clientId = clientId;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Whether to include or exclude the enums matching the regex.
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getEnumFilterType() {
    return enumFilterType;
  }

  /**
   * Whether to include or exclude the enums matching the regex.
   * @param enumFilterType enumFilterType or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setEnumFilterType(java.lang.String enumFilterType) {
    this.enumFilterType = enumFilterType;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getErrorEnumString() {
    return errorEnumString;
  }

  /**
   * @param errorEnumString errorEnumString or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setErrorEnumString(java.lang.String errorEnumString) {
    this.errorEnumString = errorEnumString;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getRetryAttempt() {
    return retryAttempt;
  }

  /**
   * @param retryAttempt retryAttempt or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setRetryAttempt(java.lang.String retryAttempt) {
    this.retryAttempt = retryAttempt;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getTaskName() {
    return taskName;
  }

  /**
   * @param taskName taskName or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setTaskName(java.lang.String taskName) {
    this.taskName = taskName;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getTaskNumber() {
    return taskNumber;
  }

  /**
   * @param taskNumber taskNumber or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setTaskNumber(java.lang.String taskNumber) {
    this.taskNumber = taskNumber;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * Stats have been or will be aggregated on set fields for any semantically-meaningful
   * combination.
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getTriggerId() {
    return triggerId;
  }

  /**
   * Stats have been or will be aggregated on set fields for any semantically-meaningful
   * combination.
   * @param triggerId triggerId or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setTriggerId(java.lang.String triggerId) {
    this.triggerId = triggerId;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getWarningEnumString() {
    return warningEnumString;
  }

  /**
   * @param warningEnumString warningEnumString or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setWarningEnumString(java.lang.String warningEnumString) {
    this.warningEnumString = warningEnumString;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getWorkflowId() {
    return workflowId;
  }

  /**
   * @param workflowId workflowId or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setWorkflowId(java.lang.String workflowId) {
    this.workflowId = workflowId;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @return value or {@code null} for none
   */
  public java.lang.String getWorkflowName() {
    return workflowName;
  }

  /**
   * @param workflowName workflowName or {@code null} for none
   */
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions setWorkflowName(java.lang.String workflowName) {
    this.workflowName = workflowName;
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions set(String fieldName, Object value) {
    return (EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions) super.set(fieldName, value);
  }

  @Override
  public EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions clone() {
    return (EnterpriseCrmEventbusStatsDimensions) super.clone();
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Pennsylvania official plans to assemble homegrown fraud strike force
Last year, David Hickton, U.S. Attorney for the District of Western Pennsylvania, requested agents from the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of Inspector General to help root out healthcare fraud that was becoming more prevalent in the region. They never showed, so this year he decided to take matters into his own hands by creating a homegrown fraud task force, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
After seeing the impact that the Medicare Strike Force has made in other regions of the country, like Detroit and Miami, Hickton tells the newspaper that beginning Oct.1, his office is partnering with regional FBI agents to identify healthcare fraud schemes. Last year, Hickton assigned top prosecutors to investigate healthcare fraud in Western Pennsylvania, which has led to nine cases ranging from drug diversion schemes to bogus medical clinics, according to another article from the Post-Gazette.
The new task force will also use investigators from the Drug Enforcement Agency, Food and Drug Administration, the U.S. Postal Service, and the IRS, with help from providers such as the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Highmark that can provide suspicious claims. However, some legal experts say that without HHS agents who have easy access to payment information, a homegrown strike force may not make the same impact as those established in larger cities.
Medicare Fraud Strike Force teams, which have been rolled out in nine areas of the country with a high prevalence of healthcare fraud, have been instrumental in some of the larger fraud busts, including the historic 243-person fraud takedown in June. An inside look at the strike force operations shows a team similar to a "major narcotics operation," FierceHealthPayer: Antifraud previously reported. As evidenced by recent enforcement actions, the agencies within the strike force have become more effective by nurturing partnerships with state attorney general offices.
- read the first Pittsburgh Post-Gazette article
- here's the Post-Gazette article on recent fraud cases
Distinct enforcement trends emerge following the largest fraud takedown in history
Historic Medicare fraud takedown: Feds charge 243 people with $712M in false billing
An inside peek at the Medicare Strike Force


text:
Der Studebaker Golden Hawk war ein 2-türiges Hardtop-Coupé ohne B-Säulen, das von der Studebaker Corporation in South Bend (Indiana) von 1956 bis 1958 gefertigt wurde. Es war der letzte Studebaker vor dem Avanti, dessen Styling vom bekannten Designbüro von Raymond Loewy beeinflusst wurde. Der Golden Hawk hatte die Grundform der Modelle Champion und Commander Starliner; es wurde aber ein großer, fast senkrechter Kühlergrill mit Wabenmuster hinzugefügt, ebenso wie eine höhere Motorhaubenlinie anstelle der früheren abgeschrägten Nase, eine höhere Kofferraumklappe und Heckflossen.

Dieser Kühlergrill und die angehobene Motorhaube waren notwendig, um den großen V8-Motor von Packard mit 5,8 Litern Hubraum und einer Leistung von 275 bhp (202 kW) unterzubringen. Diese große, leistungsfähige Maschine in einem so leichten Wagen verlieh dem Golden Hawk ein phänomenales Leistungsgewicht für seine Zeit (mit entsprechenden Fahreigenschaften). Von allen amerikanischen Serienfahrzeugen 1956 hatte der Golden Hawk das zweitniedrigste Leistungsgewicht und musste sich nur dem Chrysler 300B geschlagen geben – und der teurere Chrysler war immerhin ein für den Straßenverkehr zugelassener Sportwagen der NASCAR-Serie. Der Golden Hawk kann, wie der Chrysler 300B, als Vorläufer der Muscle-Cars der 1960er-Jahre gelten. Die schwere Maschine brachte dem Wagen den Ruf ein, kopflastig und schwer fahrbar zu sein, aber zeitgenössische Tests beweisen das Gegenteil. Das Speed Age-Magazin testete den Golden Hawk im Juli 1956 gegen den Chrysler 300B, den Ford Thunderbird und den Chevrolet Corvette, wobei sich herausstellte, dass der Golden Hawk die anderen in der Beschleunigung von 0 auf 100 km/h ebenso übertrumpfte wie in den Zeiten für die Viertelmeile. Die größte Beschleunigung stellte das Magazin mit 7,9 Sekunden von 0 auf 100 km/h fest und die Höchstgeschwindigkeit mit über 200 km/h. Filmenthusiasten erinnern sich an eine Demonstration dieser Werte durch Charlie und Raymond Babitt (Tom Cruise und Dustin Hoffman) im 1988er-Film Rain Man.

Es gab eine große Auswahl an Farben (einschließlich Zweifarbenlackierungen, entsprechend dem Zeitgeschmack). Bei Zweifarbenlackierungen wurden anfangs der vordere obere Teil der Karosserie, das Dach und das Heckabschlussblech in Kontrastfarbe lackiert, der Rest der Karosserie in Grundfarbe. Ab Ende 1956 wurden die Karosserie oberhalb der Gürtellinie und der Kofferraumdeckel in Kontrastfarbe lackiert, während das Heckabschlussblech, das Dach und die Karosserieteile unterhalb der Gürtellinie in Grundfarbe gehalten waren.

Eine erweiterte Aufpreisliste und weniger Grundausstattung halfen, die Preise im Vergleich zum Studebaker President Speedster des Vorjahres, den der Golden Hawk ersetzte, niedrig zu halten. Sogar Blinkleuchten gab es nur als Sonderausstattung.

Der Golden Hawk kam mit drei anderen Modellen der Studebaker-Packard-Hawk-Serie 1956 heraus, die alle aus Modellen der regulären Studebaker-Modellpalette entwickelt wurden: Das Flight Hawk-Coupé war ein Champion, das Power Hawk-Coupé war ein Commander und der Sky Hawk-Hardtop war ein President.

Der Golden Hawk wurde 1957 und 1958 weitergebaut, aber mit einigen Änderungen. Das Packard-Werk in Utica (Michigan) war 1956 an Curtiss-Wright vermietet und wurde dann verkauft, was der Fertigung der Original-Packards ein Ende bereitete. Studebaker-Wagen mit Packard-Firmenzeichen gab es noch zwei weitere Jahre. Der Packard-V8-Motor, der 1955 eingeführt wurde, war daher nicht länger verfügbar und wurde durch den 4,7 Liter-Small Block-V8 von Studebaker in Verbindung mit einem Kompressor von McCulloch ersetzt, der – wie der Packard-Motor – eine Leistung von 275 bhp (202 kW) entwickelte, aber 82 kg weniger wog. Dies verbesserte Handling und Höchstgeschwindigkeit des Wagens, was ihn zum schnellsten Hawk bis zum Erscheinen des GT Hawk mit Avanti-Kompressor 1963 machte.

Auch das Styling veränderte sich leicht. Die Motorhaube bekam eine Hutze aus GFK und eine Öffnung in der Motorhaube darunter, um für den Kompressor Platz zu schaffen, der oben vorne auf dem Motor montiert war. Die Heckflossen wurden größer und waren konkav an den Seiten, die in Kontrastfarbe lackiert waren und von Chromleisten gekrönt wurden. Die Golden Hawk von 1958 hatten 14″-Räder anstatt der bisher üblichen 15″, was den Wagen etwas tiefer legte. Andere Veränderungen stellten sich nicht ein.

Die anderen Modelle der Hawk-Serie wurden 1957 komplett geändert: Der neue Golden Hawk ersetzte seinen Vorgänger und den Sky Hawk, der neue Silver Hawk war der Nachfolger für den 6-zylindrigen Flight Hawk und den 8-zylindrigen Power Hawk.

Mitten im Modelljahr 1957 wurde ein luxuriöses Modell 400 eingeführt, das mit Lederausstattung, einem mit Teppich ausgeschlagenen Kofferraum und spezieller Außenausstattung gesegnet war.

Wie viele andere teure Autos musste auch der Golden Hawk unter der Rezession der späten 1950er-Jahre leiden, und nach nur 878 Verkäufen 1958 wurde das Modell eingestellt. Der Silver Hawk blieb von da an das einzige Hawk-Modell; 1960 wurde er dann als Studebaker Hawk verkauft.

Weblinks

 Artikel über den Studebaker Golden Hawk von Sylvain Reisser
 Eigentümer-Register des Studebaker Golden Hawk (1956) – einschließlich technischer und historischer Beiträge und Fahrberichten (englisch)

Pkw-Modell
Hawk Golden
Sportwagen
Coupé


Home > DESSERTS > Blueberry Pie For Two!!
When fresh blueberries are in season, go ahead and indulge yourself and the other dessert lovers in your family, with Freshly baked old-fashioned homemade blueberry pie! Enjoy every bite! Enough for two!


text:
Q: Apple Health XML to SQL Server I want to process XML data I've imported from exported Apple Health XML file.
The XML data is stored in an import table and I'm trying to use sp_xml_preparedocument to prepare the document and query the data.
The approach described below worked for another part of the XML file, specifically activity summary. Now I receive the following error:
Msg 6603, Level 16, State 2, Line 23
XML parsing error: NodeTest expected here.

@-->[<--type]

The examples given by Microsoft in their documentation seems to be working on a differently structured data, so not sure how or if I could adapt one of their examples to my needs.
I have tried the following:
DECLARE @XML AS XML;
DECLARE @hDoc AS INT;

SELECT @XML = XMLData FROM [Data].AppleImport;
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @hDoc OUTPUT, @XML

SELECT [type],
       sourceName,
       sourceVersion,
       unit,
       creationDate,
       startDate,
       endDate,
       [value]
FROM OPENXML(@hDoc, 'HealthData/Record')
WITH
(
    [type] NVARCHAR(50) '@[type]',
    sourceName NVARCHAR(50) '@sourceName',
    sourceVersion NVARCHAR(50) '@sourceVersion',
    unit NVARCHAR(50) '@unit',
    creationDate NVARCHAR(50) '@creationDate',
    startDate NVARCHAR(50) '@startDate',
    endDate NVARCHAR(50) '@endDate',
    [value] NVARCHAR(50) '@[value]'
)

EXEC sp_xml_removedocument @hDoc;

The XML Data structure (extracted parts for brewity):
<HealthData locale="nb_NO">
    <ExportDate value="2020-09-03 12:10:19 +0200"/>
    <Me HKCharacteristicTypeIdentifierDateOfBirth="1988-01-01" HKCharacteristicTypeIdentifierBiologicalSex="HKBiologicalSexMale" HKCharacteristicTypeIdentifierBloodType="HKBloodTypeNotSet" HKCharacteristicTypeIdentifierFitzpatrickSkinType="HKFitzpatrickSkinTypeNotSet"/>
    <Record type="HKQuantityTypeIdentifierHeight" sourceName="amsten sin iPhone" sourceVersion="13.0" unit="cm" creationDate="2019-09-23 15:19:48 +0200" startDate="2019-09-23 15:19:48 +0200" endDate="2019-09-23 15:19:48 +0200" value="188"/>
    <Record type="HKQuantityTypeIdentifierHeight" sourceName="Helse" sourceVersion="11.4.1" unit="cm" creationDate="2018-07-31 21:42:50 +0200" startDate="2018-07-31 21:42:50 +0200" endDate="2018-07-31 21:42:50 +0200" value="188"/>
    <MetadataEntry key="HKWasUserEntered" value="1"/>
    </Record>
    <Record type="HKQuantityTypeIdentifierHeartRate" sourceName="amsten sin Apple Watch" sourceVersion="5.3.1" device="<<HKDevice: 0x2834d03c0>, name:Apple Watch, manufacturer:Apple Inc., model:Watch, hardware:Watch4,4, software:5.3.1>" unit="count/min" creationDate="2019-09-15 06:38:32 +0200" startDate="2019-09-15 06:30:08 +0200" endDate="2019-09-15 06:30:08 +0200" value="49">
    <MetadataEntry key="HKMetadataKeyHeartRateMotionContext" value="1"/>
    </Record>
</HealthData>

Any input on how to proceede or good reading materials are most appreciated.

A: When using valid XML also try using the following OPENXML statement:
SELECT [type],
       sourceName,
       sourceVersion,
       unit,
       creationDate,
       startDate,
       endDate,
       [value]
FROM OPENXML(@hDoc, 'HealthData/Record')
WITH
(
    [type] NVARCHAR(50) '@type',
    sourceName NVARCHAR(50) '@sourceName',
    sourceVersion NVARCHAR(50) '@sourceVersion',
    unit NVARCHAR(50) '@unit',
    creationDate NVARCHAR(50) '@creationDate',
    startDate NVARCHAR(50) '@startDate',
    endDate NVARCHAR(50) '@endDate',
    [value] NVARCHAR(50) '@value'
)

Note that '@[type]' and '@[value]' have changed to '@type' and '@value'.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Mario hopes for further success with Brazil
Brazilian libero Mario (far right, middle row) and Brazil are counting down to defending their FIVB World League and FIVB World Championship titles, when the competitions start on June 4 and September 24 respectively.
Sao Paulo, Brazil, February 8, 2010 – Brazilian libero Mario says he is hoping that 2010 will be equally as good, if not better than his debut season in the canary yellow last year when the world No. 1 picked up the FIVB World League and FIVB World Grand Champions Cup titles in the space of five months.
The 27-year-old also revealed plans to take over the main role of libero for the world champions when legendary Brazilian player Sergio eventually retires, something he has discussed with the MVP from last year's World League.
"2009 was a great season, so this year I already hoping we can equal last year's achievements and even improve them," said Mario, speaking to Terra in Brazil. "It was the year I won another title with [Brazilian club side] Cimed, then went on to be selected for Brazil before winning the World League and Grand Champions Cup in Japan."
And as for plans to fill Sergio's shoes when the 34-year-old does eventually retire, Mario is trying not to focus on it. "Sergio has always been an idol, and I've always wanted to train with him. I get a lot of advice from him, but my first aim was to get into the squad, and now it is to stay there."
The 1.92m tall libero also added that the return from abroad of a number of international players to the national Brazilian competition – Superliga - will make Brazil stronger still, and help develop the game further in the country.
"I think their [the players] return is a very big gain for the sport in Brazil, to help develop it further," Mario said. "Volleyball is the second most popular sport in the country and stadiums are almost always full. The demand has increased, and it is great for encouraging beginners to the sport."
Brazil is counting down to defending its FIVB World League and FIVB World Championship titles, when the competitions start on June 4 and September 24 respectively.


text:
Q: openlayers: redraw vector layer without downloading data again What I need is a way to modify a vector layer representation without downloading the data again.
I have defined a GLM vector layer and a function called build_style to colorize their geometries according to some feature. I have an HTML form that calls the function UpdateGlmLayer which is defined in this way:
function UpdateGlmLayer(info_str) {
    var v = info_str.split("|");
    var filter_column = v[0];
    var values = [parseFloat(v[1]), parseFloat(v[2]), parseFloat(v[3])];
    glm.styleMap = build_style(filter_column, values);
    glm.redraw();
};

the GLM layer is defined in this way:
gml_protocol = new OpenLayers.Protocol.HTTP({
    url: "http://localhost:8080/geoserver/ows?service=WFS&version=1.0.0&request=GetFeature&typeName="+info["layer_featurePrefix"]+":"+info["layer_featureType"],
    format: new OpenLayers.Format.GML()
})

glm = new OpenLayers.Layer.Vector(info["layer_name"], {
    strategies: [new OpenLayers.Strategy.BBOX({ratio: 3, resFactor: 1})],
    protocol: gml_protocol,
    styleMap: build_style(info["filter_property"], info["filter_values"]),
    srsName: info["layer_srsName"],
    projection: new OpenLayers.Projection("EPSG:4326"),
    visibility: true
});

When UpdateGlmLayer is triggered the colors seem to change immediately but after that the system stops for approximately the same time it took to downloaded the data on the initial page load.  Nothing can be done during this time. Is there something wrong?

A: The problem is with you setting of the resFactor.  I have created two demo maps, one loading some GeoServer GML vectors and restyling them without the resFactor 1 setting and another with the resFactor 1 setting and the second is definitely sending multiple requests.  If you set the resfactor to anything above 1 this will not happen.
No resFactor setting + clicking restyle 3 times gives this result:

Only 1 data request.
However, a resFactor setting of 3 + clicking restyle 3 times gives this result:

4 data requests.
This I believe is the behavior you are seeing.  This looks like a bug to me as the documentation says what you have done is valid.  Looking at the code in the BBOX strategy js file the problem seems to be in the code:
var ratio = this.resolution / this.layer.map.getResolution();
invalid = (ratio >= this.resFactor || ratio <= (1 / this.resFactor));

This is running on the .redraw() function to calculate whether it needs to reload the data.  Because ratio will always be set to 1 in when you redraw the map (the resolution has not changed so this.resolution === this.layer.map.getResolution() ) then invalid will always be equal to true and therefore the layer reloads.

resFactor
{Float} Optional factor used to determine when previously requested
  features are invalid.  If set, the resFactor will be compared to the
  resolution of the previous request to the current map resolution.  If
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text:
Q: Logic and Generalizations As as logic student, I often encounter the following: a situation where a formal system can't see a generalization is true, but I can.
The usual case is that of  $\omega$-incompleteness. It is often the case that we have some formal theory T such that $T \vdash \psi(n)$ but $T \nvdash \forall n \psi(n)$ (where the quantifier ranges over natural numbers). Generalizing this, we can introduce the term of $ordinal-incompleteness$. This would be when $T \vdash \psi(\alpha)$ but $T \nvdash \forall \alpha \psi(\alpha)$, where the quantifier ranges over ordinals. Generalizing the generalized version (in an informal way), we can say $T$ is $P-incomplete$ if for every object $O$ with some property $P$, $T \vdash \psi(O)$, but $T \nvdash \forall O \psi(O)$, where the quantifier ranges over all objects $O$ with property $P$.
For an interesting example, I asked a question here , about why ZFC can't reflect infinitely many formulas, and hence itself. One of the primary reasons is distinguishing between:
(1) For any finite collection of formulas, ZFC proves that there is a set reflecting those formulas.
(2) ZFC proves that for any finite collection of formulas there is a set reflecting those formulas.
(1) is true but (2) is false. However, there is a clear sense that if (1) is true, (2) should be true. That is, if (1) is true, we can see that for any finite collection of formulas, there is a set reflecting those formulas, even though ZFC can't see that. We can then make some very interesting conclusions that ZFC can't it seems, like saying that we can see that there is some cardinal $\kappa$ with countable cofinality that provably exists in ZFC, such that $V_\kappa$ is a model of ZFC.
My question is as follows: does there exist a logic such that for any generalization that I can see, the logic can see it too (or, a bit more precisely, one that would satisfy the "generalized generalization" above)? If there is, why are mathematicians working with first-order logic when it has this clear deficiency that can be remedied? Or, for some mysterious reason, is it the case that for every logic, there is some generalization that I can draw but the logic can't? If so, is there any way to understand this in a non-magical way? It would seem pretty magical to me.
EDIT: So my first question above seems to be "no". I thought that maybe infinitary logics can help with capturing some generalizations, for example those that employ the $\omega$-rule, but it seems pretty straightforward from Godelian reasons that if a logic could capture all generalizations then it would be inconsistent. So, I guess my question would become, are there any better logics that capture more generalizations than FOL yet are consistent (i.e. infinitary logics)? Is there anyway we can make mathematical progress in distinguishing those generalizations that a logic can capture consistently and those generalizations that a logic can't capture on pain of inconsistency? Can we do this within a logic? Also, my second original question still has force - why isn't our ability to draw generalizations, an ability that outstrips all possible formalized systems - not magical? Is this ability at all in tension with a reductionist, naturalist world view? (I apologize since this last question is primarily philosophical, but I think some mathematical insight can be helpful. I'll accept an answer that just addresses the first question.)


text:
Debuts to Read Right Now: The Book of Essie
Look, I do a new release blog every single week. And, oftentimes, when I'm doing the research, I come across the same names over and over. Breaking through the James Pattersons, the Nora Roberts, and the Stephen Kings of the writing world is darn near impossible. This year, I've made a point to read debut novels. So, without further ado, a debut to read right now.
The Book of Essie by Meghan MacLean Weir.
Essie Hicks is the seventeen-year-old reality TV star, the daughter of a famous televangelist and a moral pillar of the community, and she is also pregnant. Womp, womp. She's just broken the news to her mother who immediately springs into action, attempting to solve the problem while maintaining the family's reputation. The mother has little to no regard for what Essie wants to do and, this is something I found strange, didn't ask who the father was...it's as if she already knew. Essie's mother decides it's best for Essie to quickly fall in love and get married. And how delightful would it be to have an Easter wedding! Aware of her mother's plan, Essie begins making a plan of her own to escape her awful, hypocritical family and, in the process, give a young man a chance to get away as well.
What I liked: I like when books make me feel things. And, man, did this book make me feel things. I was immediately engaged and enraged. I loved Essie, Roarke, and Liberty Bell. I felt sorry for Essie's sister, Liz, and I was mad at pretty much EVERYONE else. The parents, both Essie's and Roarke's, were absolutely baffling to me. I don't want to give too much away because I want everyone to read it but, his parents essentially trade him to get out of debt.
The Book of Essie is overflowing with strong, complicated female characters, which is sorely lacking in a lot of books. Yeah, these mothers are wackadoo, but they are definitely strong characters. But there are some good ones, too. Liberty Bell, Essie, Liz, in her own way, Liberty's friend who helps piece together exactly what's happening. They're all great.
What I didn't like:
I have a couple of issues with this book.
One: I thought the ending was rushed and wrapped up a little too neatly. It's a decent ending, it's just unrealistic.
Two: A lot of interesting things were going on in this book, but she didn't explore them fully. The author had a lot of ideas. As an idea factory myself, I get it. It seems like she thought she had to include ALL of them. But, because the main story is Essie, she didn't delve in as much as I wanted her to. Because they're good! I want to know more about Liberty Bell. I want to know more about Roarke and his situation.
Reasons to give this book a chance:
It's a good story that is relevant and timely. It's fast-paced, engaging from the very beginning, and, despite a few hiccups, is a great read.
**DISCLAIMER / TRIGGER WARNING**
If you are a survivor of sexual assault, especially if it was at the hands of a family member, it may be best if you avoid this book. Or, at the very least, proceed with caution.
**GENERAL APOLOGY**
If your parents ever sent you to a conversion camp, I'm sorry. Those places are straight up terrible and they don't work; because there's nothing to fix in the first place.
Wanna know more about the debuts I'm reading? Follow me on Goodreads!
#debuts #bookreview #bookrecommendations


The Voice UK is well and truly over and the tour has been cancelled due to the lack of ticket sales- oh dear! Will the X-factor be just as popular when it starts again? Maybe people are bored of these type of shows? Who knows! However, after The Voice UK Will.i.am's popularity has seemed to soar. We saw him performing at the Queen's Diamond Jubilee concert and he was even carrying the Olympic torch. Last Thursday he even appeared on the Chris Moyle show and donated a whooping £500,000 to the Prince's trust!
I am of course here to talk about his collection of eyewear. Is it me or do we all feel Will.i.am may have a thing for glasses? I have been doing some stalking (woops! I meant researching) on him. I don't know if any of you guys follow him on Twitter but you can definitely tell he has got a thing for fashion and glasses. He also seems to co-ordinate his outfit with his glasses. One very stylish man!
I really would love to know where are all his glasses are from. I do believe he wears a lot of Persol and some look like they could be vintage pieces but this is just a guess so don't hold me to that. The Mystery is still unsolved but I am in touch with some PR agencies to find out.
Look at the photo above, that is co-ordination for you- Green sunnies with green jacket. Totally using eyewear as a form of accessorising an outfit. It is so dope! To all the gents out there, take note! watch and learn.
Check out the gold Olympic torch with the gold glasses along with the gold trimming on his jacket. Now that is CO-ORDINATION with a capital C! If I ever meet him I would love to know where are all his glasses from and how many pairs he owns? In the meantime my quest to find out what brand he wears continues. If you want to see what other glasses he wears then find him on his twitter handle which is @iamwill that is where I got all these photos from 😉 Stay spexy, stay dope.
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The beginnings of systemic therapy date back to the 1970's.It developed as a result of the dissatisfaction some therapists felt with the disappointing results they were getting from using psychoanalytical methods.
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Allowing our more imaginative and playful self to emerge in a sandtray process can be both revealing and healing, especially in relation to early experiences or traumatic events This enables clients to reflect on their life situation and explore solutions to their issues, while gaining greater self-acceptance and compassion.
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Rebirthing* therapy combines the more traditional methods of talk therapy with a very gentle but exceptional effective breathing technique. The combination offers the client the opportunity to explore their lives and to work towards change on …
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You may often be seen by others as someone who functions well or highly in many situations, but yet you recognise that there are issues or experiences that hold you back from getting more out of your personal and professional life.
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We work with people like you. We see clients of all backgrounds, relationship status, gender, age, sexual orientation, race, and spiritual beliefs. Whatever the issues for you are, we hope that you will feel you can come and talk to us.
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We have worked hard to create spaces dedicated specifically to therapy. The look and feel of our centres is clean and simple, yet we expect you will also find it modern and welcoming. All of our rooms are sound-proofed to ensure the space is safe and confidential. The chairs are firmly upholstered with a lumbar support.
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Q: Adding String Arbritrary Values to ListView using BaseAdapter in Android I have been searching the internet on how to add modifiable text/string in a ListView using BaseAdapter but no luck thus far. This is what I want to do as shown below:
              Item_1      $price1
              Item_2      $price2

The format shown above is the template form i would like the listView to take. Item_1 and $price1 are in the first row while item_2 and $price2 are in the second row. I do not want a predefined list but a list where the user should be able to add an item along with its price and should be able to modify it accordingly.
Below is a section of my code that I'm trying to use in the ToDoAdapter extends BaseAdapter class:
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
           View v = convertView;
           CompleteListViewHolder viewHolder;
           if (convertView == null) {
                LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext
                          .getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
                v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.list_layout, null);

                viewHolder = new CompleteListViewHolder(v);
                v.setTag(viewHolder);
           } else {
                viewHolder = (CompleteListViewHolder) v.getTag();
           }

           viewHolder.mTVItem.setText(mList.get(position));
           viewHolder.mTvItem2.setText(mList.get(position));

           return v;
      }
 }
 class CompleteListViewHolder {
      public TextView mTVItem, mTvItem2;
      public CompleteListViewHolder(View base) {
          mTVItem = (TextView) base.findViewById(R.id.listTV);
          mTvItem2 =  (TextView) base.findViewById(R.id.listTv2);
      }

Main Activity:
 @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          setContentView(R.layout.activity_complete_list);

          initViews();
          mItems = new ArrayList<String>();
          mListAdapter = new CompleteListAdapter(this, mItems);
          mCompleteListView.setAdapter(mListAdapter);
     }

     private void initViews() {
          mCompleteListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.completeList);
          mAddItemToList = (Button) findViewById(R.id.addItemToList);
          mAddItemToList.setOnClickListener(this);
     }

     private void addItemsToList() {

         mListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
     }

     @Override
     public void onClick(View v) {
          switch (v.getId()) {
          case R.id.addItemToList:
               addItemsToList();
               break;
          }
     }

XML Layout:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

 <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent"
   android:orientation="vertical" >

     <TextView
       android:id="@+id/listTV"
       android:layout_width="142dp"
       android:layout_height="60dp"
       android:gravity="center_vertical"
       android:text="Income"
       android:textSize="42sp"
       android:typeface="sans" />

   <TextView
       android:id="@+id/listTv2"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/listTV"
       android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/listTV"
       android:layout_marginLeft="45dp"
       android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/listTV"
       android:text="Amount"
       android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />

 </RelativeLayout>

XML Main Activity Layout:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
   xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
   android:layout_width="match_parent"
   android:layout_height="match_parent"
   tools:context=".CompleteListActivity" >
   <ListView
     android:id="@+id/completeList"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="match_parent"
     android:layout_alignParentTop="true"
     android:layout_marginBottom="80dp" >
   </ListView>
   <Button
     android:id="@+id/addItemToList"
     android:layout_width="match_parent"
     android:layout_height="wrap_content"
     android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
     android:layout_margin="10dp"
     android:text="@string/add_item" />
 </RelativeLayout>

Any help is appreciated

A: Your button notifies the adapter that the data changed, but in fact the data did not change.
So what you need to do is to modify the adapters data first and then call notifyDataSetChanged()


It is important that our School Governors and staff not only act impartially, but are also seen to act impartially. The Governing Body and school staff have a responsibility to avoid any conflict between their business and personal interests and affairs and those of the school. There is a legal duty on all governors to declare an interest likely to lead to questions of bias when considering any item of business at a meeting and for the Governor concerned to withdraw, if necessary, whilst the matter is considered.
To help put this duty into practice, our Governors have a statutory obligation to list any relevant business and pecuniary interests recorded in the Statutory Register of Business Interests. This includes governance roles in other educational institutions; any material interests arising from relationships between governors or relationships between governors and school staff (including spouses, partners and close relatives).


Karl-Anthony Towns led all scorers with 33 points and 23 rebounds, and the Grizzlies had no answer for KAT. Mike Conley had 23 points and Jonas Valanciunas added 20 for the Grizzlies in the loss.
NEXT GAME: Oklahoma City Thunder (43-40) vs. Memphis Grizzlies (29-44) Monday night (3/25) live from FedExForum on 92.9 FM ESPN. Pregame coverage begins at 6:00 p.m. Tip at 7:00 p.m. on 92.9 FM ESPN (680 AM).


NPR Readers Share Their Best Parenting Advice : Goats and Soda We asked NPR readers to share what they wished they'd known before becoming parents. More than 1,000 moms and dads sent in their stories.
More than 1,000 moms and dads opened up about the struggles and joys of raising children of all ages, from babies to adults, on NPR's Twitter, Facebook and Instagram accounts.
Does raising kids have to be stressful? Is it really dangerous for babies to sleep with Mom? Do chores have to be a fight? For this special series, NPR travels around the world for ideas to make parenting easier. Sign up for NPR Health's newsletter to get the stories delivered to your inbox.
A mom shares what she's learned about parenthood from her own resilient mother. Another mom explains a trick she uses to get her in-laws off her back. And a one dad enlightens us with the advantage of the shoulder flaps on a baby onesie.
Here's a selection of responses, edited for length and clarity.
"Hey, we are all winging it. None of us knows what in the heck we are doing and NO two kids are exactly alike."
Before becoming a parent, I wish someone told me how important my own experience as a child would be in becoming a confident mother. My biggest point of reference in motherhood would be my own mother — and my memories of her mothering skills would be a bottomless well that I would draw from.


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Blogs about Intriguing Mysteries of the World
Kamikaze: The Savior of Japan
During the 13th century, the Mongols who were led by Kublai Khan, the grandson of great Genghis Khan planned two major invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281 AD respectively. On the both the occasion Mongol fleet along with their plans of conquest were laid to rest by massive typhoons. The typhoons destroyed Mongol fleets and forced the Mongols to retreat. These winds saved Japan from a certain foreign conquest and were lovingly named Kamikaze (the divine winds).
Thousands of Mongol Ships were destroyed by Kamikaze
Kublai Khan was an able and ambitious ruler of the Mongols. He wanted to start where his grandfather had left off. He was the first Emperor of unified Mongolia and renamed Mongolian Empire into Yuan Dynasty. He wanted to embark on a series of conquests. He started by conquering China in 1230 and Korea in 1231. Japan which was hardly 100 miles away, feared an invasion would soon come to their shores. They had good reason for such belief, during 1267-74 Kublai Khan sent many messages to the Emperor of Japan demanding his submission to the Mongols or face the invasion. However, each time the messengers were blocked by the Japanese diplomats so they never got through to the Emperor. No replies from the Japanese Emperor made Kublai furious and the Mongols started preparations for the invasions. They started building an enormous fleet and recruited thousands of Chinese and Korean warriors.
Mongols won decisive victory in Battle of Bun'ei only to be denied by Kamikaze
The Mongolian fleet set sail in autumn 1274 to launch the first invasion of Japan. The first invasion is also known as the Battle of Bun'ei. Mongols had 500-900 war ships along with 40,000 warriors mostly comprised of ethnic Koreans and Chinese. Mongols met the Japanese forces near the shores of Hakata Bay. The Mongols slaughtered their way through the initial Japanese resistance. The Japanese forces retreated, but the Mongols did not march forward. They felt that Japanese would be back with greater reinforcements, so they returned back to their ships. That night a violent typhoon struck at the ships that were decked in Hakata Bay. By morning, only a few ships remained. The fleet was completely destroyed, taking lives of thousands of Mongol soldiers. So, the Mongols had to shun their plans and return back.
Kamikaze Struck During the Second Mongol Invasion of Japan
Though the Japanese had a lucky escape, but the Mongol spirits remained high. Kublai was more determined than ever to annex Japan. The Mongols wasted no time in rebuilding their fleet and recruiting larger number of warriors. Japan was also preparing for their defense by building two meter high walls all along the coast to protect themselves from future attacks. Seven years later in 1281, the Mongols returned to Japan with greater numbers. This time they had a fleet of 4,400 ships and estimated 70,000-140,000 soldiers. The forces were divided into two. One set sail from Korea while the other left from Southern China. Both the forces converged near Hakata Bay in August 1281. Mongols were not able to find landing space as the beaches had been walled. So, the Mongols decided to stay afloat for months while strategizing their attacks. All the while they exhausted their supplies. Then on August 15, the Mongols decided to launch an offensive the following day. At night, that day, when the final planning was done a typhoon struck again. About 4,000 ships were destroyed and 80% of soldiers were drowned or killed by the samurai warriors waiting on the beaches. Mongols turned back never to attack Japan again.
Kamikaze was a group of suicide pilot squad during World War II
Kamikaze became famous during World War II. Kamikaze referred to the Japanese suicide pilots who deliberately crashed their planes into important enemy targets, usually ships. Kamikaze pilots did major damage to the US fleet and killed more than 2,000 American soldiers. Kamikaze movement evolved out of the desperation that Japan faced in the later stages of World War II, when they were losing.
This entry was posted on May 2, 2015, in Mysteries and tagged Battle of Bun'ei, Kamikaze, kamikaze divine sinds, Kamikaze in World War II, Kublai Khan, Mongol invasion of Japan. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment
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A 90min talk I gave at Mobile Tech Conference 2014 in Munich, Germany in March 2014.
Topics include: Network layers, protocols & handshakes. Then a definition of what to look for in a mobile webperf testing tools and then a comprehensive overview over several approaches taken by tools to solve the problem of mobile performance testing.