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Das DARPA FALCON Project (Force Application and Launch from Continental United States) war ein zweiteiliges Projekt der Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) und der United States Air Force (USAF). Das Projekt war Teil des US-Militärprogramms Prompt Global Strike (PGS).

Ein Teil des Programms zielte darauf ab, ein wiederverwendbares Schnellschlag-Hypersonic Weapon System (HWS) zu entwickeln. Ein neuerer Name war Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle (HCV). Der andere Teil war die Entwicklung eines Start-Systems, welches in der Lage sein sollte, ein HCV auf Reisegeschwindigkeit zu beschleunigen, sowie der Start kleiner Satelliten in eine Erdumlaufbahn. Das zweiteilige Programm wurde im Jahr 2003 bekanntgegeben.

Ein weiteres Projekt, welches im Rahmen des Falcon-Projekts angekündigt worden war, war ein unbemanntes Flugzeug, die HTV-3X "Blackswift". Die Blackswift hätte von einer Start- und Landebahn abheben und auf Mach 6 beschleunigen sollen. Eine Absichtserklärung wurde im September 2007 unterzeichnet. Die Blackswift erhielt jedoch nicht die benötigte Finanzierung und wurde im Oktober 2008 abgesagt. Ein anderes Projekt des FALCON-Programms war das X-41 Common Aero Vehicle (CAV), eine gemeinsame Luft-Plattform für Hyperschall-Interkontinentalraketen, Marschflugkörper, Raumfähren und Trägerraketen.

Ein Prototyp des Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 (HTV-2) wurde am 22. April 2010 erstmals getestet, gefolgt von einem weiteren Test am 11. August 2011. Beide Tests wurden frühzeitig abgebrochen.

2013 fiel die Entscheidung, das Programm zu beenden.

Design und Entwicklung

Frühere Projekte
Ziel war es immer, ein Flugzeug zu entwickeln, welches von den kontinentalen Vereinigten Staaten jeden Punkt auf der Erde innerhalb von ein bis zwei Stunden erreichen konnte. Dyna-Soar war 1957 das erste öffentliche Programm, bei dem ein Flugzeug vertikal auf einer Rakete gestartet und wieder zurück zur Erde geglitten wäre, vergleichbar dem Space Shuttle, anstatt von einer Start- und Landebahn zu starten. Ursprünglich war das Shuttle als Teil einer USAF-Operation vorgesehen und separate militärische Trägereinrichtungen wurden an der Vandenberg AFB mit großem Aufwand gebaut, aber nie verwendet. Nach dem öffentlichen Dyna-Soar-Programm von 1957 bis 1963 wurden Raumfahrzeuge geheim gehalten. Mitte der 1960er Jahre begann die CIA die Arbeit an einem Überschall-Spionageflugzeug namens Projekt Isinglas.

FALCON
Das übergeordnete FALCON-Programm wurde 2003 angekündigt, es hatte zwei wesentliche Komponenten: zum einen eine kleine Trägerrakete, die Nutzlasten in den Orbit bringen sollte, zum anderen die Hyperschall-Waffe selbst.

Laut Henry F. Cooper, dem Direktor des Strategic Defense Initiative ("Star Wars") unter Präsident Reagan, kostete das Raumgleiterprojekt 4 Mrd. $ in den 1970er, 1980er und 1990er Jahren (mit Ausnahme des Space Shuttle). Nicht enthalten sind darin die Mittel für Dynasoar in den 1950er und 1960er, ISINGLASS, Rheinberry und alle Raumgleiterprojekte des 21. Jahrhunderts. Er sagte dem Kongress 2001, dass alles, was die Vereinigten Staaten im Gegenzug für die Milliarden von Dollar bekommen hatten "vier alternde Shuttles, ein abgestürztes Fahrzeug, eine Ersatzteilquelle sowie einige Gleitflug-Testkörper und Ausstellungsstücke" waren. Andere argumentieren, dass mit FALCON, das für das Haushaltsjahr 2008 170 Millionen Dollar zugewiesen bekam, und seinen Vorgänger den Vereinigten Staaten die Möglichkeit gegeben wurde, einen Raumgleiter zu entwickeln, sollte die Notwendigkeit hierfür entstehen.

Trägerrakete
In der ersten Phase der DARPA FALCON-Programme 2003 wurde die Entwicklungsarbeit am Fahrzeug ausgeschrieben. Die den Zuschlag erhaltenden Unternehmen sollten eine Trägerrakete bauen und sie testen. Im November 2003 erhielten Unternehmen, die die erste Phase der Entwicklung gewannen, Verträge von 350.000 $ bis 540.000 $:

 AirLaunch LLC, Reno, Nevada
 Andrews Space Inc., Seattle, Washington
 Exquadrum Inc., Victorville, California
 KT Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama
 Lockheed Martin Corp., New Orleans, Louisiana
 Microcosm Inc., El Segundo California
 Orbital Sciences Corp., Dulles, Virginia
 Schafer Corp., Chelmsford, Massachusetts
 Space Exploration Technologies, El Segundo, Kalifornien

Hyperschall-Waffensystem
Die erste Phase für die Entwicklung des Hyperschall-Waffensystems gewannen drei Bieter im Jahr 2003 und erhielten jeweils einen Vertrag über 1.200.000 bis 1.500.000 US-Dollar für die Entwicklung eines Hyperschall-Fahrzeugs.

 Andrews Space Inc., Seattle, Washington
 Lockheed Martin Corp., Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Co., Palmdale, Kalifornien
 Northrop Grumman Corp., Air Combat Systems, El Segundo, Kalifornien

Lockheed Martin erhielt den einzigen Phase-2-HWS-Vertrag im Jahr 2004, um Technologien weiterzuentwickeln und um das Technologie-Risiko des Programms zu reduzieren.

Nach dem Hyperschall-Programm
Nach dem Phase-2-Vertrag setzten DARPA und US Air Force die Entwicklung der Hyperschallflugzeug-Plattform fort.

Im Rahmen des Programms wurden eine Reihe von Flugtests mit Flugzeugen mit Hyperschall-Technologie durchgeführt.

Das FALCON-Projekt beinhaltete:

 X-41 Common Aero Vehicle (CAV): ein unter Verschluss stehendes Entwicklungsprojekt für Interkontinentalraketen und Marschflugkörper, aber auch Raumfähren und Trägerraketen.
 Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 1 (HTV-1): ein Test-Konzept, welches ursprünglich im September 2007 gestartet werden sollte, wurde abgebrochen
 Hypersonic Technology Vehicle 2 (HTV-2): flog am 22. April 2010 zum ersten Mal, jedoch ging der Funkkontakt nach der Booster-Trennung verloren.
 HTV-3X Blackswift, jetzt abgebrochen.
 Small Launch Vehicle (SLV): ein kleinerer Motor mit der Leistung von CAVs, abgeschlossen.

Das Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle (HCV) wäre in der Lage, 9.000 nautische Meilen (16.668 km) in zwei Stunden mit einer Nutzlast von 5.500 kg zu fliegen. Es soll sehr hoch steigen und Geschwindigkeiten von bis zu Mach 20 erreichen.

Blackswift
Die Blackswift war ein geplantes Flugzeug, das Hyperschallgeschwindigkeit fliegen sollte. Es wurde von Lockheed Martin Skunk Works, Boeing und Alliant Techsystems entwickelt.

Von den USAF erfolgte die Aussage, dass das "Blackswift-Demonstrationsflugzeug durch eine Kombination von Gasturbine und Staustrahltriebwerk angetrieben wird. Das Triebwerk beschleunigt das Flugzeug auf rund Mach 3, bevor das Staustrahltriebwerk übernimmt und das Flugzeug auf bis zu Mach 6 beschleunigt." Stephen Walker, stellvertretender Direktor des Tactical Technology DARPA Office, koordinierte das Projekt. Er wird auf der USAF-Website folgendermaßen zitiert:

Das Falcon-Programm hatte den Horizontalstart der Blackswift/HTV-3X angekündigt. Auch war ein Start des HTV-2 auf der Spitze eines Raketen-Boosters geplant. Das Falcon-Programm näherte sich durch die Entwicklung eines Hyperschall-Flugzeuges dem Ziel, von einer Start- und Landebahn in den USA aus jeden Ort der Welt in ein oder zwei Stunden erreichen zu können.

Im Oktober 2008 wurde bekannt, dass HTV-3X Blackswift nicht die benötigten Mittel für das Jahr 2009 aus dem Verteidigungshaushalt erhalten würde und daher abgesagt wurde. Das Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle-Programm wird nun mit geringeren Mitteln fortgesetzt.

Flugtests

Die DARPA baute zwei HTV-2, die im Jahre 2010 und 2011 getestet wurden. Die Minotaur IV Lite-Rakete ist der Booster für die HTV-2 mit der Vandenberg Air Force Base als Startplatz. Die DARPA wollte bei den Flügen das Wärmeschutz-System und aerodynamische Steuerungsmöglichkeiten demonstrieren. Die Testflüge wurden von der NASA, dem Space and Missile Systems Center, Lockheed Martin, Sandia National Laboratories und der Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Air Vehicles and Space Vehicles-Direktionen unterstützt.

Die erste HTV-2 wurde am 22. April 2010 getestet. Das HTV-2 Flugzeug flog auf 4.800 Meilen (7.700 km) über den Pazifik nach Kwajalein mit Mach 20. Der Start war erfolgreich, die erste Mission wurde jedoch nicht wie geplant abgeschlossen. Berichten zufolge ging der Kontakt mit dem Flugzeug neun Minuten nach dem Start verloren.

Ein zweiter Test wurde am 11. August 2011 durchgeführt. Das unbemannte Falcon HTV-2 wurde erfolgreich vom Booster getrennt und ging in die Gleitphase über, neun Minuten nach seinem geplanten 30-Minuten-Mach 20-Gleitflug verlor man jedoch wieder den Kontakt. Ersten Berichten zufolge wurde ein Absturz als Vorsichtsmaßnahme eingeleitet.

Flugtests verwandter Hyperschallflugzeuge
Am 17. November 2011 gab es einen erfolgreichen Testflug des Hyperschallgleiters AHW (Advanced Hypersonic Weapon), der mit Raketen von Hawaii aus gestartet wurde. Ziel war das Kwajalein-Atoll der Marshallinseln. Der AHW hat eine kürzere Reichweite als die HTV-2 und ist ebenfalls Teil des Prompt Global Strike-Programms.

Siehe auch
 Rockwell X-30
 Boeing X-51

Weblinks
 HCV-Seite auf Globalsecurity.org

Einzelnachweise

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Forschungsprojekt
Nicht realisiertes Raumfahrtprojekt


Kristine Sjostedt, MLS is an Information Literacy/Special Collections Librarian in the Office of Medical History and Archives at the Lamar Soutter Library, University of Massachusetts Medical School.
Kristine received her Master of Library Science with a concentration in Archives Management from Simmons College. She is a member of the Society of American Archivists, New England Archivists, and the Academic and Research Collaborative Archives and Special Collections Interest Group.
The Memorial Hospital Collection comprises annual reports and other material by or about The Memorial Hospital in Worcester, Massachusetts.
The Robert E. Tranquada Papers chronicle Tranquada's role as Chancellor and Dean of the University of Massachusetts Medical School.


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text:
George Friedman: The Man Who Invented Geopolitics
By Chris Last updated Dec 5, 2022
In the world of geopolitical analysis, there are few names renowned as George Friedman. Friedman is the founder and chairman of Geopolitical Futures, a leading online publication that provides insightful comments on global affairs. He is also the author of several books, including The Next 100 Years and Flashpoints. But what makes Friedman so unique is his ability to invent a geopolitics-a term that he coined himself.
What should I know about this?
George Friedman's unique ability to invent geopolitics makes him stand out from the rest in his field. After observing the world for nearly six decades, he has become one of the most respected and renowned geopolitical analysts. His insights have been featured on major news outlets such as CNN and BBC and top publications like Forbes and The Wall Street Journal. But perhaps his most significant contribution was coming up with the concept of "geopolitics" -a term he created back when he was only a graduate student at MIT.
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text:
Bruins gain inspiration from Army Rangers during playoff push
JIMMY GOLEN
BOSTON — In the corner of the Boston Bruins' locker room, hanging from the hooks in Andrew Ference's stall, is a yellow running singlet with the team's "Spoked B" logo on the front.
It's the same one Lucas Carr had on when he finished this year's Boston Marathon about 2 minutes before the bombs went off at the finish line, the one Carr was still wearing when he headed back down Boylston Street to help those injured in the explosions.
"He was right there," said forward Shawn Thornton, one of the Boston players who has struck up a friendship with the U.S. Army sergeant who was running the marathon for the team's charity. "You can't say enough about those guys. He's got a ton of character."
As the Bruins prepare for Sunday's second game of their Eastern Conference semifinal series against New York, they have drawn their inspiration from another group of Rangers: The elite Army regiment that lives by the credo, "Rangers lead the way." Carr texts encouraging messages, or simply joins them for a beer so they can talk about anything but hockey or war.
"It puts things in perspective for us, and I think gives us a little extra motivation, too," goalie Tuukka Rask said after practice Saturday.
The bond between the team and the unit began in 2011, when Ference wore an Army Rangers T-shirt during Boston's Stanley Cup run. The soldiers sent back a picture of them waving a Bruins banner in Afghanistan.
Ference visited the Rangers' training school at Fort Benning, Ga., and he was given a Rangers jacket that has become a talisman for the team. After each win, the star of the game wears it for his postgame interviews and hangs it in his locker until it is time to pass it along to the next player.
"Seeing the guys wear the jacket, I've got to tell you, I've been getting emails and Facebook messages left and right," Carr said. "The guys that are seeing this are in awe, they're very humbled: 'Oh my God, this professional hockey team is using our insignia, out there performing for us. We're their heroes.'
"Hockey players can have heroes, too. That's what Andrew's conveyed for the team."
Patrice Bergeron was awarded the jacket after scoring the tying and winning goals in the overtime victory over the Toronto Maple Leafs in Game 7 of the first round Monday night. Zdeno Chara squeezed his 6-foot-9 frame into it after the 3-2 win over the Rangers in Game 1 on Thursday night.
Carr called his graduation from Ranger training school the proudest moment in his life, and said wearing the "Ranger" tab, or patch, for the first time "makes you feel like you're invincible."
"Some guys aren't as strong as others, but every guy that graduates on Victory Pond that day, they are the proudest human being in the world. And they will run through a brick wall for you," he said. "The sacrifice that that MVP (of the game) makes to wear that jacket is what it takes to be the best. It just means a lot to us, and the guys who have sacrificed so much, that they put that on at the end of the game."
The hockey players cringe at the comparisons between their sport and the combat that the Rangers have seen. "Obviously, what they do is above and beyond it," Thornton said.
But Carr insists that there are similarities in their missions.
"It's about the man beside you," he said, recalling the Bruins' comeback from a three-goal, third-period deficit to beat Toronto in Game 7. "It is about the man beside you when you're skating a wing. They showed that in that comeback the other night.
"It's amazing what you can accomplish for a team."
Ference, who is injured, declined to be interviewed for this article. Carr did not know that his tank top was still hanging in the locker room until a reporter told him this week.
"You're (kidding) me," he said. "I'm just glad there's a good sense of karma in there for them, and I hope it will bring them luck."
Still, it can be odd to be in the Boston locker room and hear players speak with such reverence of the Rangers — especially during a playoff series against their Original Six rivals from New York.
The irony was not lost on Carr.
"I think, in this case, may the best team win," he said.


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Innovation is one of the main ways in which a business can differentiate itself from the competition. Innovation could take place by improving business processes or by entering new markets after upgrading current product and service offerings. To be innovative, companies need creative employees who have the ability to transform ideas into reality.
It's awesome when everyone agrees, isn't it? Yes—and no. Most of us have, at some point, fallen into the trap of groupthink to avoid conflict and promote harmony in a group, whether at school, work, or on a committee. Groupthink has its perks: everyone feels comfortable, and there's no risk of tension among members. It's safe. Easy. Unfortunately, it can also kills creativity and innovation.
Consider the world's most ingeniously designed products. Whether it's your smartphone, your favorite racing bike or a nifty robotic lawn mower – they all have a one thing in common: rather than being conceived overnight, they were shaped by a series of consecutive, systematic innovations. But how does such a structured product innovation approach look? This CREAX project illustrates the ins and outs.
Whether you are designing a feature, creating a product, or building a company, your technology needs to be solving a real problem for your customers, says Cyriac Roeding, founder and CEO of Shopkick. Roeding describes how his company only began working on technology when it was explicitly needed to solve a key problem.
In 1946, Soviet inventor and science fiction writer Genrich Altshuller developed a methodology called TRIZ. It became known as "the theory of inventive problem-solving" and was based on a simple premise: across different disciplines and applications, the same challenges occur again and again. Unfortunately, people keep solving nearly identical problems from scratch. The main lesson from TRIZ is this: if you understand how your innovation challenge is similar to someone else's, you can reapply solutions that already exist, instead of reinventing the wheel time and again.
Someone once told me this: "Innovation is like an apparition of the Virgin Mary: one person saw her, but everyone talks about it." Although funny, the quote aptly captures an attitude towards innovation that exists in many companies today. Innovation – and the skills that enable it – are sometimes considered as mystical gifts, preserved for the chosen few. In other cases, innovation is feared, because it involves unregulated processes, risk taking and investments with unpredictable outcomes. In this blog post, I'd like to make a case against this kind of innovation paralysis. Every company must innovate, and with the right understanding of the word 'innovation', every company can.
Play Bigger Advisors Co-Founder Dave Peterson emphasizes that entrepreneurs must be able to articulate the problem they seek to solve if others are to understand their vision. Successful marketing also persuades people to care about a problem they weren't aware of before, and your solution for it. "Understanding the problem is the first step," Peterson says.


You have undoubtedly seen a lot of posts from us this summer about the Moonbots competition. That's because we are just so excited (and we just can't hide it? Ok. I'll stop.) by what these aspiring roboticists -- some as young as 9 years old -- have done with their free time this summer. Some learned Solidworks CAD, then put together video tutorials to teach others. Some picked up some serious video editing skills. And all of the teams experimented with designing and programming a robot that could meet set objectives.
The teams are performing their final tests via Skype this week. Yep, RIGHT NOW. The pressure is on, with a grand prize of a tour of Lego HQ in Denmark on the line. The coolness of that probably ranks right below a trip to outer space for most kids (and, ahem, some adults).
An additional component that teams are judged on (other than completing the lunar Lego objectives with their robot) is the "team documentary" -- where teams summarize what they've learned and how they built their robot in a 3 - 5 minute video. These videos were just submitted this week, and now are available for viewing on a YouTube playlist, on Google Lunar X PRIZE's channel.
Check out the videos when you have some spare time -- it is amazing what these students have achieved over the course of the competition, and some of the videos are quite entertaining (for example, check out the Team Moonwalk Lego video, or Team Crandroids, who put miniature versions of themselves on the Lego lunar surface).
Go forth and enjoy the videos. And please don't forget to leave comments and "likes" on the team videos to show your support for all of their hard work!


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Richard Flanagan's speeches have become unique literary events attended by sellout crowds, reported in national and international media, and a spur to widespread debate and discussion.


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James Connolly And The Queen's Visit To Ireland
As the Guardian provides 'live updates' on today's visit by the Queen to the Republic of Ireland, I've been rereading this by Irish socialist and republican James Connolly, on the last visit of a British monarch, Lizzie's grandfather, Emperor George V, in 1910:
FELLOW WORKERS - As you are aware from reading the daily and weekly newspapers, we are about to be blessed with a visit from King George V.
Knowing from previous experience of Royal Visits, as well as from the Coronation orgies of the past few weeks, that the occasion will be utilised to make propaganda on behalf of royalty and aristocracy against the oncoming forces of democracy and National freedom, we desire to place before you some few reasons why you should unanimously refuse to countenance this visit, or to recognise it by your presence at its attendant processions or demonstrations. We appeal to you as workers, speaking to workers, whether your work be that of the brain or of the hand – manual or mental toil – it is of you and your children we are thinking; it is your cause we wish to safeguard and foster.
The future of the working class requires that all political and social positions should be open to all men and women; that all privileges of birth or wealth be abolished, and that every man or woman born into this land should have an equal opportunity to attain to the proudest position in the land. The Socialist demands that the only birthright necessary to qualify for public office should be the birthright of our common humanity.
Believing as we do that there is nothing on earth more sacred than humanity, we deny all allegiance to this institution of royalty, and hence we can only regard the visit of the King as adding fresh fuel to the fire of hatred with which we regard the plundering institutions of which he is the representative. Let the capitalist and landlord class flock to exalt him; he is theirs; in him they see embodied the idea of caste and class; they glorify him and exalt his importance that they might familiarise the public mind with the conception of political inequality, knowing well that a people mentally poisoned by the adulation of royalty can never attain to that spirit of self-reliant democracy necessary for the attainment of social freedom. The mind accustomed to political kings can easily be reconciled to social kings – capitalist kings of the workshop, the mill, the railway, the ships and the docks. Thus coronation and king's visits are by our astute neversleeping masters made into huge Imperialist propagandist campaigns in favour of political and social schemes against democracy. But if our masters and rulers are sleepless in their schemes against us, so we, rebels against their rule, must never sleep in our appeal to our fellows to maintain as publicly our belief in the dignity of our class – in the ultimate sovereignty of those who labour.
What is monarchy? From whence does it derive its sanction? What has been its gift to humanity? Monarchy is a survival of the tyranny imposed by the hand of greed and treachery upon the human race in the darkest and most ignorant days of our history. It derives its only sanction from the sword of the marauder, and the helplessness of the producer, and its gifts to humanity are unknown, save as they can be measured in the pernicious examples of triumphant and shameless iniquities.
Every class in society save royalty, and especially British royalty, has through some of its members contributed something to the elevation of the race. But neither in science, nor in art, nor in literature, nor in exploration, nor in mechanical invention, nor in humanising of laws, nor in any sphere of human activity has a representative of British royalty helped forward the moral, intellectual or material improvement of mankind. But that royal family has opposed every forward move, fought every reform, persecuted every patriot, and intrigued against every good cause. Slandering every friend of the people, it has befriended every oppressor. Eulogised today by misguided clerics, it has been notorious in history for the revolting nature of its crimes. Murder, treachery, adultery, incest, theft, perjury – every crime known to man has been committed by some one or other of the race of monarchs from whom King George is proud to trace his descent.
"His blood
Has crept through scoundrels since the flood."
We will not blame him for the crimes of his ancestors if he relinquishes the royal rights of his ancestors; but as long as he claims their rights, by virtue of descent, then, by virtue of descent, he must shoulder the responsibility for their crimes.
Fellow-workers, stand by the dignity of your class. All these parading royalties, all this insolent aristocracy, all these grovelling, dirt-eating capitalist traitors, all these are but signs of disease in any social state – diseases which a royal visit brings to a head and spews in all its nastiness before our horrified eyes. But as the recognition of the disease is the first stage towards its cure, so that we may rid our social state of its political and social diseases, we must recognise the elements of corruption. Hence, in bringing them all together and exposing their unity, even a royal visit may help us to understand and understanding, help us to know how to destroy the royal, aristocratic and capitalistic classes who live upon our labour. Their workshops, their lands, their mills, their factories, their ships, their railways must be voted into our hands who alone use them, public ownership must take the place of capitalist ownership, social democracy replace political and social inequality, the sovereignty of labour must supersede and destroy the sovereignty of birth and the monarchy of capitalism.
Ours be the task to enlighten the ignorant among our class, to dissipate and destroy the political and social superstitions of the enslaved masses and to hasten the coming day when, in the words of Joseph Brenan, the fearless patriot of '48, all the world will maintain
"The Right Divine of Labour
To be first of earthly things;
That the Thinker and the Worker
Are Manhood's only Kings."


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text:
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Welcome to the University of Guelph's Academic Staff Work Assignment Website!
IMPORTANT: The University of Guelph has vaccination and masking policies that may be altered with limited notice depending on COVID-19 circumstances and advice from government, public health authorities, and prevailing science. Please see:
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Important: If you are a University of Guelph student or a current member of the University of Guelph community, you are required to LOG IN with your UofG central ID and password (do not add @uoguelph.ca). Do not create a new account. Proceed to update or edit all components of your Profile before making an application.
New Applicants for SL work assignments without UofG central login ID's need to Create a New Account and edit your Profile before making an application.
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text:
using namespace Microsoft::VisualStudio::CppUnitTestFramework;
using namespace Engine::Entity;

namespace UnitTests
{
  TEST_CLASS(StatsTest)
  {
  public:

    TEST_METHOD(Constructor)
    {
      Stats s = Stats{ 1,2,3 };
      Assert::AreEqual(1, s.getStamina());
      Assert::AreEqual(2, s.getStrength());
      Assert::AreEqual(3, s.getIntellect());

      s = Stats();
      Assert::AreEqual(0, s.getStamina());
      Assert::AreEqual(0, s.getStrength());
      Assert::AreEqual(0, s.getIntellect());
    }

    TEST_METHOD(additionOperator)
    {
      Stats s = Stats{ 1,2,3 } + Stats{ 3,2,1 };
      Assert::AreEqual(4, s.getStamina());
      Assert::AreEqual(4, s.getStrength());
      Assert::AreEqual(4, s.getIntellect());
    }

    TEST_METHOD(save)
    {
      Stats s{ 1,2,3 };
      for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
      {
        s.save();
      }

      File::save("StatsTest1");
      // Testing to see if save structure was cleared after save
      File::save("StatsTest_EmptyFile");
    }

    TEST_METHOD(File_Load)
    {
      // The two files should be identical
      File::load("StatsTest1");
      File::save("StatsTest1_Copy");
    }

  };
}


text:
Not yet Googlers
Google postpones mandatory return-to-office for US employees yet again
The company will wait until the new year to determine when US employees will be able to return to their offices.
Jay Bonggolto
Source: Android Central
Google has canceled its plan to require US employees to return to their offices on January 10.
The search giant is deferring decisions on hybrid work setup timelines to its local offices.
Google still encourages employees to work in the office "where conditions allow" to gain "muscle memory."
Google appears to have pushed back its target date for the mandatory return to office of its US employees to next year. Sundar Pichai, CEO of Google, announced in August that employees would be required to return on January 10, 2022, but this will not be the case.
In an email to employees, security vice president Chris Rackow said Google will no longer adopt a hybrid work setup come January 10 in any of its US offices (via CNBC). Instead, the search giant will let its local offices decide on the timelines for their employees safe return to their offices. Google will also form local incident response teams to assess the risk levels in each location.
Rackow went on to say that Google will wait until the new year to decide when it's safe for employees to adopt an in-office model. That said, he stated that Google still encourages employees to come in to their offices "where conditions allow" in order to regain the "muscle memory" of being in a physical office.
Google has reportedly reopened 90 percent of its US locations, with 40 percent of its employees voluntarily returning to work. The company will also keep its promise to provide full-time employees with a 30-day transition period from a remote work model to an office-based one.
The Mountain View-based tech behemoth previously planned to implement a hybrid work setup after September before delaying it until January of next year. It looks like US employees won't be required to follow a hybrid work schedule anytime soon.
Rackow didn't cite the Omicron variant as the reason for the new delay, but Google has reportedly postponed employees' return to office-based work across its international locations, including Europe, the Middle East and Africa due to growing concerns about the new COVID-19 variant.
The Pixel At a Glance widget just got a few long-awaited features
After teasing some new functions for the At a Glance widget last year, Google is finally rolling out more features on Pixels.
Fool me thrice...
Potential Pixel Watch launch date hints at Google I/O timeline
Allegedly, the Pixel Watch has been delayed again, this time to spring 2022. But its timing could indicate when the next Google I/O will take place.
Our readers use Google Messages more than any other texting app
Google Messages is the most popular texting app among Android Central readers, while WhatsApp trails in second place.
charging on the go
These are the best Google Pixel 6 car chargers right now.
In celebration of the new Google Pixel 6 hitting shelves, we've rounded up a list of the best USB-C compatible car chargers for Google Pixel 6 on the market right now.


Why buying an accessory shock absorber?
The original suspension is made for "normal" use on roads. If you are doing something besides the normal use or the bike needs to carry more weight than it was planned to then it can happen that the original suspension is not able to handle this. That could be very heavy luggage for a tour, track days or racing. Even if the suspension doesn´t feel the way you would like to have it or you are simply looking for a higher-end alternative. Therefore you have a wide range of shock absorber options. Starting with a single tube shock with 36mm piston up to a TTX44 MX & Enduro shock absorber with twin tube technology and 44mm piston. Qualities that all shocks from Öhlins share: sensitive response & modern design! Already in the late seventies the first ÖHLINS twin shocks developed and tested by Kenth Öhlin were released to the market. From that point it has been continuous development. Originally operating only in off-road sports with much success, then soon came the range for sports bikes. This then led to the successful introduction of forks.
S46PR1C2LS= single tube shock absorber with 46mm piston, external "piggy back" reservoir, adjustable rebound damping, adjustable high- and low speed compression damping, adjustable length and hose mounted hydraulic spring preload adjuster. The information about the shock type and adjustment features you will find within the notes of the individual product.


You can also see it running in your browser on my blog.
The Windows Phone 7 JumpList solves an interesting problem facing developers of mobile applications. Whilst on the desktop, precise mouse movements can be used to grab and drag a scrollbar, navigating large lists of information. Mobile UIs typically forego visible scrollbars, replacing them with swipe gestures, thus saving on precious screen space. However, if you are faced with a long list of information, having to swipe multiple times to reach a location near the bottom of the list becomes quite a chore!
That's where the JumpList comes in. The data in the list is arranged into categories, each with a 'jump button' at the top. Clicking a jump button shows a category view where you can click to 'jump' the list to the desired location. This works very well for data arranged by date or alphabetically.
You can read all about the development of this control in my previous CodeProject article.
There are quite a few abstraction APIs to choose from, so rather than review each in turn, I decided to choose the most popular one, jQuery.
Time to stop worrying about the right way to do things, and write some code!
Where the div with the class jumpList is the DOM element where I would like to create my control.
Incidentally, I made the mistake of making the script tags self-closing elements, i.e., <script />, which unfortunately doesn't work. I wasted quite a bit of time with that annoying little novice error!
This Fluent style is familiar to C# developers who use the (extension method) LINQ syntax. However, the way the two work is quite different. The Fluent C# LINQ APIs rely on extension methods defined on the IEnumerable interface, where each method returns an IEnumerable. With jQuery, the jQuery object (which is the object returned by the dollar function) wraps a collection of DOM nodes, each function manipulates these nodes and returns a jQuery object.
The use of a global function '$' makes jQuery quite concise. However, other libraries can, and do, define this same global function. For example, Microsoft's ASP.NET AJAX library provides a dollar function as a shorthand for fetching a DOM element by ID. Fortunately, jQuery has a noConflict mode that omits the global dollar function.
In the above code, I have prefixed all variables that are jQuery objects with a dollar. This is a popular convention, but has no effect on the execution itself.
For this to work, the itemList div needs to have the same height as its parent. Unfortunately, this is not so easily achieved with CSS alone. The Silverlight JumpList control uses a grid layout in order that the item list and category list share the same content area. However, there is no such direct equivalent in HTML. The lack of decent grid support is why there are so many hacked approaches for creating classic web-page layouts, like the three-columns and footer layout (and which is why I still quite happily use tables!). Some of the future CSS features like the Grid Layout Module and Template Layout Module look very promising, but neither appears to have got to the stage of even a preliminary implementation in a browser.
Whilst the lack of a decent grid layout is frustrating, it is worth noting that the primary focus of HTML is flow layouts, where the height of the page changes based on the content within it. Vertical scrolling of content is quite natural with HTML. Whereas, Silverlight applications are typically constrained to a fixed screen size, in the same way that desktop applications often are. In this context, the developer typically arranges the UI controls to fill the available space. HTML5 might not have a decent grid layout, but conversely Silverlight does not have a decent flow layout that can mix text, images, and other content.
My code so far is not terribly re-useable, with the div element where the control is located being hard-coded. jQuery has its own UI framework called jQueryUI which has a collection of widgets (i.e., controls) such as Buttons and DatePickers. I am not sure how popular jQueryUI is, the current framework only includes eight widgets. However, I decided that it was worth a try anyway. The jQueryUI documentation is a little light when it comes to describing how to define your own widgets, although I did find a very popular blog post that did a very good job of describing the process.
Re-writing the above code as a jQueryUI widget is a straightforward process, following the simple pattern described in the referenced blog post. An object is created with an options property which allows variables to be passed in when a widget is created. The _init function is used to build the required UI for the widget, which uses the same code as above. The only difference being that rather than hard coding a CSS selector to the div in the test HTML document, the widget framework sets the this.element property to the DOM element where the widget is to be constructed.
The net result is that we now have a re-useable widget, where the above syntax gives us the potential to create multiple widget instances simply by using a CSS selector that matches multiple DOM elements.
Something else rather interesting is going here, by registering the JumpList object defined above with the jQueryUI widget framework, this has resulted in the addition of a new function 'jumpList', to the jQuery object. How exactly does this work?
In order to turn the list of items into a jump list, we need a way to assign each item to a category and render this category above each group of items within the category. This is the button which when clicked shows the category view and so is called a 'jump button'.
Notice above the use of the jQuery data() function, this is a great little feature that allows you to associate arbitrary data with a DOM element. Here I am creating a relationship between the items supplied to the jump list and the DOM elements that represent them. I have called this the DataContext as a nod to the Silverlight functionality this imitates!
Notice that the style creates quite large buttons and has a wide margin around each item. This is because it is intended for use on a mobile device, where font sizes and hit-areas need to be larger than on the desktop.
While confusing at first, the reason for this is actually quite simple. We have seen previously how the lack of block-level scoping means that JSLint encourages you to move variable declaration to the start of the function. Therefore, regardless of which button is pressed, we see the final value of category.
The use of closures solves the problem, however there is actually a simpler way that uses a single function rather than creating a new function per category, so consumes a little less memory (considering that closures result in references to the variables within the scope of a function, they can be quite memory hungry).
Mouse events bubble up the DOM in exactly the same way that events bubble up the visual tree in Silverlight. So a simpler solution is to add a single click event handler on the list, rather than one at each element.
I wanted to move this event handler outside of the initialization code, in order to avoid bloating the function; however, this presents another challenge. The value of the this variable within a function is dependent on the way in which the function is called. For events that are raised from DOM elements, such as the click event, this is a reference to the event source element. Moving the event handler to a property of the JumpList object means that we no longer have a reference to the JumpList object via this.
The above event handler shows the category view if a jump button is clicked (more on this later) and implements a very simple selection mechanism, adding a selected class to the clicked item and raising a selectionChanged event. Here you can see the use of the jQuery data() function to extract the 'bound' item that the DOM element represents, emulating the Silverlight DataContext concept.
It is impressive how selection can be implemented with just 5 lines of code, with the event created automatically.
The code that creates the category buttons is pretty similar to the code which creates the jump list buttons and items, so I will not reproduce it here. You can dig around in the code if you are interested.
The categoryList div is styled in CSS so that it overlays the itemList and is initially hidden.
The Windows Phone 7 version of the jump list has a funky reveal animation where each category button spins and scales into view.
The initial state for a category button is transparent, with a scale of zero and rotated by -180 degrees. When the show class is added, the button becomes visible and is scaled / rotated to its original positions.
The implementation of this effect is considerably simpler and more concise than the equivalent code I wrote for the Windows Phone 7 control. See the 'category button tile animation' section of the earlier article.
These prefixes can be very frustrating and something of a maintenance issue. However, they are a necessary evil. Past experience has shown that allowing vendors to implement CSS features too early can cause massive problems, as Eric Meyer describes in his article "Prefix or Posthack".
Because my main aim is to create a cross-platform jump list for mobile devices, I can happily restrict myself to just using the -webkit prefix, because iPhone, Android, and BlackBerry all use webkit powered browsers.
The for loop that generates the category buttons uses the jQuery data() function to create a relationship between each category button and the jump button it corresponds to. A click handler is added to the categoryList div which contains each category button. Again, this follows patterns we have covered previously in this article. If you are interested in the details, view the associated source code.
Again, implementing the scroll feature has proven very simple in comparison to the Silverlight jump list.
With a fully functional jump list control, I decided it was time to test it on a mobile. Loading a page which contained a jump list widget on my Windows Phone 7, I was surprised to find that it performed pretty well. The version of IE WP7 currently uses does not support HTML5 / CSS3, however CSS degrades gracefully, so the control is still fully functional. Annoyingly, my HTML jump list scrolls quite smoothly … ahem (if you are not a WP7 dev and you want to know why this is annoying, check out this blog post, or just Google "WP7 ListBox scroll performance").
I then borrowed one of my friend's Android phones, which is equipped with a webkit browser. And at this point, I immediately hit an issue. The jump list refused to scroll, no matter which way I swiped the screen. After much head-scratching, it turns out that this is a limitation of mobile webkit browsers, there is no way to scroll the contents of a block level element with an 'overflow' style. As you can imagine, this is a pretty big issue that has received a lot of attention in various forums.
The end result is something that very closely mimics the jump list I wrote in Silverlight, but with the added advantage that it runs on iPhone, iTouch, Android, BlackBerry, and somewhat ironically, with the upcoming Mango release (which adds HTML5 support), Windows Phone 7.
The control is very much in the metro style, so might look out of place on a mobile device other than a Windows Phone; however, it has been a useful vehicle for trying cross platform HTML mobile development.
5 July 2011 - Fixed a couple of broken links.
4 July 2011 - Modified jump list to use list semantics (from div to ul/li), and fixed a few typos.
1 July 2011 - Article first posted.
This was a great article, very good reading. Thanks!
So I see you read O'Reilly JS books too.
Piece of cake not very much else to do... This will undoubtedly be useful.
the wheel ... [not only for Windows 8 but MVC 4 as well], which is great.
To read the blog post do a search in Google for 'mp-tbw-blog' and you will get 'MP TBW Blog'.
This solution seems to me very important.
Charles - I cannot find the article you reference. Can you please provide a link?
Very useful article. Simple and clear style.
But being the Silverlight developer, I would like to see more on how to consume existing functionality from MVVM VM-part. Does HTML5 support the same way of binding?
How to communicate with server? Does it support WCF calls and in which way?
"You certainly won't find similar "Good Parts" books for Java, C#, or any other mainstream programming languages."
sadly the sourcecode doesn't work in IE9 (up to date), all you get to see is one big long list with a repeated background (the phone). loading index.html in FireFox (10.0) or Chrome (16) shows the correct result.
Setting the DOCTYPE to does fix the long list problem, but scrolling doesn't work, clicking on a letter give you the overview, but clicking on an item just give you an error (scratch that last, selecting an item makes it green, but I sometimes do get an error), it's very flaky. So much for HTML5 and browser compatibility.. also the animations differ between browser when you select a letter.
This doesn't really surprise me, HTML5 support varies considerably between browsers.
I was really intending to target mobile Webkit browsers with this article.
Very informative, well written and thanks for sharing!
I liked the style, the content and the subject.
Thanks Adam, glad you like it!
Very good, lots of insightful stuff!


Can't get enough puzzles? Still looking for something to do after the Daily Crossword and the Jumble? IndyStar and the USA TODAY NETWORK are teaming up to offer Sunday print subscribers a week's worth of brain teasers.
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Puzzles and games include Crosswords, Sudoku, Minute Maze, Teleword, Play 4, Whatzit?, Kakuro and many more that are sure to keep you busy all week.
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These charming stud earrings from Marlene Hounam have a delicate sense of style that makes them an ideal subtle companion to any outfit this season.
Marlene Hounam makes and designs her range of enchanting jewellery in her purpose built workshop in Oxfordshire, using the finest 925 Sterling Silver, 18ct Gold or Rose Gold plated to create an unforgettable impression.


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Thinking of you and your family - sending our sympathy.
So sorry for your loss. She was a wonderful person and will be missed. May you find comfort in knowing she is no longer suffering.
My deepest sympathy in your loss of a precious mother, grandmother, great grandmother, sister. You are in my thoughts and prayers during this difficult time. May the Lord wrap His arms around you and comfort you in the days ahead.


text:
Who Killed Jesus Twd
'Walking Dead' Star Gets Candid About His Exit: "It Was Constant Frustration"
In the case of The Walking Dead The midseason finale of The Walking Dead concluded with a big shock for both comic book fans and show-only viewers: the death of Jesus (Tom Payne), a fan-favorite character who is still alive and well in the comics by Robert Kirkman and Charlie Adlard. The Whisperers, the newest antagonists in the AMC zombie universe, are responsible for Jesus' death in season nine. The Whisperers disguise themselves as zombies by wearing refurbished skin suits. As shown in the comics that served as the inspiration for the television series, Jesus comes face to face with the Whisperers on several occasions and survives each battle, including beating the community's most lethal member in a two on one do-or-die brawl.
Given his character's tragic death, it's understandable that series regular actor Jeffrey Payne would be saddened by his decision to leave The Walking Dead.
After years of being dissatisfied with the direction his character was taking, Payne, who has been with the show since season six (and a regular since season seven), expressed his desire to depart in a candid interview with The Hollywood Reporter.
In Payne's opinion, the character's final stand was far closer to his vision for Jesus all along, making it a note he's more than delighted to end his career on.
"But I'm thrilled." What was the process of putting Payne's Walking Dead departure together?
As you'll see in the video above, Payne is excited about all of this and more, including the romance with Aaron (Ross Marquand) that never happened, what it was like filming his final episode with Norman Reedus and Josh McDermitt, and many other topics.
I'm looking forward to everyone seeing it.
For me, the program has always been about expressing myself.
They provided me with a fantastic conclusion, and I am grateful for it.
They were well aware that I would not be unhappy if they were to fire me.
I was quite dissatisfied with what the main character had been up to.
In the course of the struggle with the Saviors, the only individual with whom he came into contact was a man who was on his side.
He catches a grenade and throws it back at the attacker.
And he wasn't put to any use at all.
I was prepared and eager to get started.
Their understanding was reciprocal, and they were certain I would be okay with it.
When the phone call came in, Angela was taken aback by how calm I was about the situation.
Andy and Lauren's agreements had already been worked up previously, so this was the first time they were being discussed.
It would have taken a large number of people or a complete surprise for him to be killed, which is exactly what happened in the end.
No one is safe, and that is exactly what the program is about.
It was a mutually beneficial arrangement, and I was overjoyed with the outcome.
I couldn't stop thinking, "This issofun." "This is exactly what I had hoped to be doing!" I had the sensation that Jesus was experiencing.
It's possible that it cost him his life in the end!
The entire event was a fantastic narrative in and of itself.
This is what the show is all about, and I just wanted to be a part of it in some way.
I ended up being quite fortunate in the end.
It's a watershed point in the show's development.
That was the primary cause for my dissatisfaction with episodes seven and eight.
It was a lot of fun.
I believe it is unjust to the audience to tease the viewers with Aaron and Jesus's relationship in this way.
I'm glad they went ahead and did it.
If I just had that episode and then had to return to the Hilltop, would it be worth it?
You've already said that you didn't want to see Aaron and Jesus in a romantic connection, as they are shown in the comic books.
I appreciated that they had a connection, but I didn't believe that they needed to pursue a more formal relationship in the future.
"They should get together!" says the author.
That's something I could imagine occurring.
That's something I'm not sure of.
It was pleasant to have them converse since their sensitivities were similar to mine.
The Walking Dead's Jesus is not only a beloved figure, but he's also a beloved LGBT character in popular culture.
To be a part of that group and to provide exposure as a homosexual character on one of the most popular television programs in history has been an incredible experience.
However, I was unhappy that it wasn't there in greater quantities.
During season seven, there was just one scene with Lauren.
However, there are still some individuals who are unaware that Jesus was gay.
However, even if you've lost Jesus, you still have Aaron and Tara (Alanna Masterson), and now Magna (Nadia Hilker) and Yumiko (Eleanor Matsuura), so there's still representation on the program.
It's a pity, though.
They could have earned a lot more money out of it.
That was something I was really looking forward to playing.
Other storylines, it seems, take precedence over this one.
As a result of the time shift, there are several potential storylines involving Jesus that audiences have yet to witness.
Sticking in the background or showing up merely for the purpose of showing up are not something I am interested in doing or being around for.
If the material is strong, I would be interested in learning more about it.
People had varying opinions regarding leaving the concert, and I was quite pleased with that!
While it was frustrating at times, I was glad that we were able to communicate this wonderful narrative via the play we were doing.
It's exactly what I want to achieve in my professional life, and to be allowed to do so on this show.
I'm really grateful to Angela for putting me in this situation.
I adored the main character.
Nonetheless, there was a lot of promise in the character that was never fully realized.
I wasn't sad to say goodbye to the irritation that had plagued me.
I'd been in training for two years at that point.
There was just a great deal of untapped potential.
It was fantastic when we were able to demonstrate what he was capable of doing this year.
(Laughs.) It's just a normal aspect of being a member of a long-running series.
You're always on the verge of jumping out of your seat, squeezing your hands together in the hopes that something exciting may appear.
The prospect of working on something that has a beginning, middle, and finish excites me because it will allow me to clearly see the character in front of me.
I was delighted to have a fantastic start, a fantastic scene with Lennie, and then a very fantastic conclusion.
That's plenty for me. I'm glad it came to a satisfying conclusion in a lighthearted manner that had a significant influence on the plot. But, at the same time, I'm ready to move on from this situation. THR.com/WalkingDead.
Walking Dead Actor Was "Kind of Bored and Unhappy" Before That Big Death
This post includes spoilers for the midseason finale of The Walking Dead (season 9). While Jesus may have met his end on AMC's The Walking Dead, don't weep any tears for actor Tom Payne. Even though he had been a touch tired with his character's plot over his three seasons on the program, the actor was really rather delighted with the hero's death that his character earned after three seasons. Meanwhile, showrunnerAngela Kang went with a tried-and-true excuse for why yet another character had to be killed off this season—despite the fact that Jesus is still alive in the comic books.
There should be enough of difficulties for the group to contend with when the series returns in 2019.
However, because Jesus is still alive in the Walking Deadcomics and looked to be on his way to a relationship with Aaron right before he died, some fans may have been reluctant to let him go.
"I had sort of reached a moment in the show where I was a little bit in stasis, and I was like, 'Well, you know, I have to do something with my character, else I'm cool with getting killed off,'" Payne admitted in a startlingly honest interview with Entertainment Weekly.
"Let's do something, let's murder some people, let's kill myself, I don't care," he declared, implying that he intended to spice things up.
"It was a shock when Carl died last year, but I expected a lot of people to die in the fight against the Saviors and just a few did," the actor continued.
Let's embody the essence of this show.' And I'm delighted to have been a part of it this season.
"I'm pleased with it." Payne said that he was dissatisfied with the program in the months leading up to his character's death, citing, in particular, the ways in which his character's depiction diverged between the original comics and the series.
A significant amount of such content was never seen on the screen.
But I'm pleased that, in the end, we were able to include everything, and that's satisfactory." According to Payne, "you know, usually speaking, you're satisfied on the program if you get one nice thing to do," and "I've got a pretty cool beginning and an even better finale, and that's enough for me," he continued.
(For what it's worth, though, he's very certain that at least one of those characters ended up with another during the show's six-year time leap).
This is what Angela Kang had to say: "For a program that deals with problems of life and death, as well as individuals who have heroic and surprise ends, it's difficult because practically everyone you murder on our show or write out is going to be a member of some underrepresented group on television." I hope the rest of television will follow suit.
We just seem to attract a lot of attention as a result of it."
Here's Why Tom Payne Asked To Be Killed Off On The Walking Dead
AMC After a lengthy and difficult run, AMC's long-running zombie dramaThe Walking Deadwill air its last episode, bringing an end to one of the most tumultuous runs in the history of cable television, with the once-dominant show now boasting a much diminished fanbase. The show will depart the airways with a cast that is nearly totally different from the one that debuted on the air, with the exception of a pair of original cast members –Norman Reedus and Melissa McBride– who are still navigating the post-apocalyptic environment.
Both of these factors were present in the instance of Tom Payne's character, Jesus (sort of).
"I'd even mentioned it last season, saying, 'I mean, 'cause we're having a battle, you know, and people aren't dying,' and it was met with laughter.
If you want to murder me, I don't care.
"And then I was simply frightened — not worried — nervous about what was about to happen.
And because Jesus is the most proficient combatant on the planet, it needs to be an organized attack on him or something he can't stop himself from doing, else it wouldn't be Jesus doing something."
See also: What Does Come To Jesus Mean
Tom Payne is quite happy with how Jesus departed The Walking Dead
To AMC's credit, Tom Payne accepted the offer and expressed delight at the prospect of exiting The Walking Dead in such great style, as well as in service of progressing the plot by introducing the evil Whisperers through a kick ass combat sequence. "However, the manner in which it occurred, I believe, was quite interesting. I was saying it with the understanding that I would be fine with it. The narrative is everything to me, and if the story is excellent and they tell it the proper manner, I don't care how they tell the tale.
As a result, I'm quite pleased.
The middle was a letdown, but the conclusion was fantastic, and I'm quite pleased with it overall." Given that death does not usually spell the end of a character in The Walking Dead, many fans questioned if we will see Jesus return at some point in the series' future.
"The Walking Dead world does not allow for the return of any characters, although there is always the chance of anyone returning.
The Walking Dead's Season 11 Negan Kill Recreates Jesus' Death
The Whisperer's techniques are being used by Negan in Season 11 of The Walking Dead, according to the show. This one method is reminiscent of Jesus' crucifixion in season 9. There are SPOILERS for The Walking Deadseason 11 part 1 finale in the next paragraphs. Survivors learn a few tricks from the Whisperers in the Walking Deadpart 1 finale, but one Negan kill is disturbingly similar to Jesus' death in Season 9: The Walking Dead. Because of Negan's (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) ability to demonstrate what he learned from his time with the Whisperers, he and his friends Maggie, Elijah, and Gabriel are preparing to retrieve what Pope stole from Meridian with their own walker army.
No one can disagree that Alpha wasn't a particularly nice lady, but there's no doubting that her Whisperer techniques were incredibly effective.
This deft warfare strategy is what brought Jesus (Tom Payne) to a premature end in the first place.
This proves to be fatal for Jesus.
Negan's murder at the start of The Walking Deadseason 11 episode 8, "For Blood," is eerily similar to the method used to assassinate Jesus on the cross.
This time, though, the assault is precise: Negan deflects Wells' punch and then delivers one of his own before disappearing into the camouflage of the throng once again, leaving Wells bewildered and confused.
Using the same techniques as the one that killed Jesus, this trick takes advantage of the victim's surprise with an unexpected sidestep and a rapid stab.
This death serves as physical evidence that Negan learned a great deal from Alpha and the Whisperers during his brief association with them.
Negan's time with the gang has proven to be beneficial in a variety of ways, including allowing him to murder Alpha.
Despite the fact that the Whisperers have been disbanded, their techniques are given new life by Negan and the surviving members of the group.
They will almost certainly never agree on anything, especially after Negan's admission in the previous episode, but this kill demonstrates that they can be lethal when working together in a group setting.
Negan and Maggie have the potential to become one of the most formidable duos that The Walking Deadhas to offer if they can work together.
The Walking Dead season 11 part 2 premieres on AMC on February 20, 2022, with AMC+ getting a week ahead of the rest of the world.
Emily Clute is the author of this book (168 Articles Published) Emily Clute is a New York-based features writer who works in the entertainment industry.
Emily is a huge lover of Marvel, anime, and horror (particularly Stephen King), and she is always up for a discussion about Star Wars and The Lord of the Rings films.
Aside from that, she is an avid cosplayer who has been attending conventions of all types for about 10 years. Ej Clute may be found on Twitter with the handle @ejclute. Emily Clute has more to say.
Walking Dead Midseason Finale: [Spoiler]'s Death & NEW Villains Explained
Despite the fact that they've been hinted throughout the course of the last several episodes, the Whisperers make their formal debut in The Walking Deadseason 9 midseason finale. Moreover, while viewers have already heard them whispering amongst themselves when Eugene and Rosita attempted to flee the herd of walkers, it is not until one of the Whisperers murders Jesus in the cemetery that they hear them as people for the first time. Due of the fact that he was whispering, the Whisperer said to Jesus, "You are in an area where you do not belong." It seems unusual to speak into someone's ear before killing them, but fans of The Walking Dead have seen crazier things – both in comic books and on television – before.
In issue 134 of The Walking Dead, Jesus overhears one of the Whisperers talk and is immediately perplexed as to what they are.
and you find yourself in a situation where you do not belong." In the end, Jesus kills everyone except for one person – Lydia, who will appear in The Walking Deadseason 9 in 2019.
They are an extremely savage bunch of people, although they do not fight others until they are provoked or if another group of people enters their territory – in this case, Eugene and Rosita, and then later Aaron, Daryl, and Jesus – in which case they attack them.
What Happens When Walking Dead Season 9 Returns
That anything may happen on The Walking Dead is something that fans have come to understand over the course of the series' run. Looking at the comics, though, there are a variety of events that may take place in order to move the tale ahead and fully integrate the Whisperers into The Walking Dead. Because the surviving survivors are encircled by gravestones in the cemetery, it is likely that they will be captured and held hostage. In the season 9 midseason premiere teaser, it appears like they are able to make it out of the cemetery unharmed, which is encouraging.
This article is related:The Walking Dead: What the "X" Scars Could Mean Considering that Alpha, the leader of the Whisperers, is set to emerge later in season 9, it appears like The Walking Dead is at least headed in the same direction as the comic series.
Of course, things may not play out exactly as they did in the comics (which seems to be the case rather frequently, in fact), but the source material serves as at the very least a guideline for the The Walking Dead television program to follow.
Exactly what Negan does next is still up in the air; but, based on what has transpired in the comics thus far, it is reasonable to assume that his next movements will take him closer to the Whisperers.
Given that he has made some headway towards redemption in the The Walking Dead television program, there is always the possibility that he may join Alexandria in their fight against the Whisperers. It is a tiny probability, to be sure, but it is a possibility.
More:When Walking Dead ReturnsWhat To Expect From Season 9's Second Half
The DCEU cameo in the Peacemaker Finale reveals a lot about the New Era DC Films.
A Killed-Off 'Walking Dead' Character Will Return In Season 9B This Winter
What is dead may never be resurrected? While this isn't true for all zombies on The Walking Dead, it is true for at least one recently-deceased character who will be returning to the show in some way, despite his recent death on the program. There will be spoilers below. Tom Payne's Jesus was killed by a Whisperer during the enemy group's epic reveal in the season 9A midseason finale as he attempted to slash something he believed to be a walker, but instead it was a person dressed in walker skin whododged the sword and knifed him in the back, according to the show's official website.
However, he intends to return.
"There's a six-year time jump in which a lot of stuff occurred, and there's those strange markings on Michonne and Daryl," Payne explained.
In addition, Jesus may have a hand in some of these events, according to the researcher.
Michonne also discusses how she was forced to make a difficult, unpopular decision in order to rescue everyone, which resulted in a division in the community as well as a rift with Maggie, despite the fact that they appeared to be getting along well when we last saw them during the Rick period.
Despite the fact that we don't know precisely when she departed to travel with Georgie, it appears that she was very much required to be present throughout "the terrible days," whatever those may have been.
As previously stated, Payne was very vocal about his dissatisfaction with the direction his character was taking.
I'm curious how The Walking Dead will handle this flashback, because six years is a long time, and whatever struggle this was appears to have been rather substantial, so can it really be condensed into a handful of scenes or a single 40-minute "flashback" episode?
This season's first half did not have a single genuinely "poor" episode, which is something I don't believe I've ever seen before on the show.
If you're anything like me, you deserved more, but I hope you shine brightly when you return. You may find me on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. Read Herokiller, my new science fiction thriller novel, which is now available in print and online. I also wrote a trilogy called The Earthborn Trilogy.
The Walking Dead: Looks Like Tom Payne's Glad TWD Killed Jesus
To say that it's a hectic moment in the world of The Walking Dead would be a generous and modest assessment. Angela Kang, showrunner/executive producer, Norman Reedus, Lauren Cohan, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, and the rest of the cast and crew are back in the studio recording the six "extra" episodes that will bridge the 10th and 11th seasons, which are slated to air in early 2021, according to Deadline. Following that, the main series will enter its eleventh and final season, which will consist of 24 episodes.
As a result of the show's conclusion, viewers will be treated to a Carol (Melissa McBride)-Daryl (Reedus) spinoff, spearheaded by Kang, as well asTales of the Walking Dead, an anthology series created by Scott M.
Season 9, Episode 2 of The Walking Dead features Tom Payne as Paul "Jesus" Rovia.
Lee.
His portrayal of Jesus was a popular one, and his death served as the sadly official beginning of "The Whisperer War," as well as a source of anxiety for many of his followers.
On TWD, when Payne was mentioned in a tweet by someone who stated that they were relieved that Jesus had been slain, Payne reposted the original message with the remark, "So was I!" along with an emoji that appeared to be laughing hysterically.
See also: When Is Jesus Coming Again?
After that, have a look back at the following excerpt from the preview and mini-trailer for the upcoming episode of Fear the Walking Dead, titled "Honey": This is an example of how to use frameborder="0″ allow="accelerometer" allowfullscreen="1″ loading="lazy" src="autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" In "Honey," the fifth episode of Fear the Walking Dead season 6, Dwight and Sherry are determined to bring Ginny to justice.
Morgan, however, stands in their way.
This video has a frameborder of zero, allows the following features: accelerometer, autoplay, encrypted-media, gyroscope, picture-in-picture, allowfullscreen="1," loading="lazy," and the source is PJeII.
In the aftermath of being ripped apart by Virginia (Colby Minifie) and her Pioneers and scattered among her vast towns, the group has now been separated.
Individuals in Virginia's communities may find stability and opportunity appealing, while others will succumb to despair, and yet others will rise up and fight back against what has been foisted upon them by the state.
Photograph courtesy of Ryan Green/ AMCAMC's Stars of Fear the Walking Dead Lennie Jamesas is an American singer-songwriter.
Colman Domingoas, Althea "Al" Szewczyk-Przygocki, Althea "Al" Szewczyk-Przygocki Mr.
Dany Garcaas Luciana Galvez and Garrett Dillahuntas are two of the most talented actors in the world.
Sarah Rabinowitz, Colby Hollmanas Wes, and Zoe Collettias Dakota are among the cast members.
The Walking Dead has a fantastic page divider that all of the cool kids are clamoring for.
As you're going to see in this sneak preview and mini-promo for this Sunday's The Walking Dead: World Beyond, the stranger makes an offer that Iris (Aliyah Royale) and the rest of the group can't seem to turn down despite their circumstances.
This is an example of how to use frameborder="0″ allow="accelerometer" allowfullscreen="1″ loading="lazy" src="autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" The Walking Dead: World Beyond season 1, episode 6 "Shadow Puppets": The Walking Dead: World Beyond season 1, episode 6 "Shadow Puppets": When a newcomer enters the scene, he or she offers a bargain that causes splits among the group.
Allows for a frameborder of zero.
allowfullscreen="1″ loading="lazy" src=" In order to complete a crucial mission, two sisters and two companions must leave a haven of safety and comfort in order to fight dangers both known and unknown, living and undead.
Some will rise to the level of heroes.
All of them, though, will eventually discover the facts they seek.
Gimple and Matt Negrete that stars Alexa Mansour as Hope, Nicolas Cantu as Elton, Hal Cumpston as Silas, Aliyah Royale as Iris, Annet Mahendru as Huck, Nico Tortorella as Felix, and Julia Ormond as Elizabeth.
Joe Holtas Leo, Natalie Goldas Lyla, Al Calderonas Barca, Scott Adsitas Tony, and Ted Sutherlandas Percy are all returning for the second season. Did you like it? Please spread the word on social media!
AboutRay Flook
Ray has been serving as Television Editor since 2018. He began his career with BC five years earlier as a contributing writer/photographer before being recruited to the core staff in 2017.
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James Gunn replies to the question of why we weren't present in that huge scene. provides an upbeat assessment of the new spinoff. Noah Hawley will star in Fargo Season 5 this winter, before returning to his new Alien series on FX on Hulu, according to a statement released today by the network. The BBC and FX Networks are collaborating on a limited series adaptation of the classic novel Great Expectations, which will feature Olivia Colman and Matt Berrymore. At the Television Critics Association winter press event, FX Networks revealed that Noah Hawley will be returning for Fargo Season 5.
Stranger Things 4 Volume 1 will launch on May 27 (Volume 2 will premiere on July 1), with the Duffer Brothers stating that the series would conclude with Season 5.
Stranger Things 4 has been teased with the publication of what appears to be the first of a series of posters, this one featuring a Hopper/Joyce reunion.
James Gunn replies to the question of why we weren't present in that huge scene. provides an upbeat assessment of the new spinoff. The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel has been renewed for a fifth and final season on Amazon Prime Video, just in time for the show's Season 4 premiere tomorrow. Noah Hawley will star in Fargo Season 5 this winter, before returning to his new Alien series on FX on Hulu, according to a statement released today by the network. It was at this point that AEW brought out an episode of Dynamite that served as a timely reminder to everyone what makes AEW unique.
It's completely unfair!
At the Television Critics Association winter press event, FX Networks revealed that Noah Hawley will be returning for Fargo Season 5.
The Walking Dead Season 9 Episode 8 Recap: Jesus Dies as the Whisperers Arrive
It wouldn't be a Walking Dead midseason finale without the death of a major character, and Season 9 was no exception to that rule. After Jesus was fatally stabbed in "Evolution," Tom Payne joined the ranks of characters such as Chandler Riggs, Austin Nichols, Tovah Feldshu and others in the Episode 8 death club (a designation I made up). His death was crucial to the season's main narrative, since his death brought up the disclosure that the allegedly "advanced" walkers who have been communicating and hunting for the previous few episodes are not walkers at all but are rather live individuals wearing walker skin.
With Daryl (Norman Reedus) and Aaron (Ross Marquand), Jesus was part of a search party that was looking for Eugene (Josh McDermitt), who was hiding in a barn because his dislocated knee was too injured to attempt to run with Rosita (Christian Serratos).
Even though the other guys were skeptics, Eugene presented a compelling case for the walkers' evolving nature.
And, because it isn't precisely dead, it has the potential to evolve.
Despite the fact that this theory would be disproven by the end of the episode, it is an interesting one to consider!
The Walking Dead2049.
A spooky, foggy cemetery was their final destination, and they became stranded there because they couldn't open the gate and Eugene was too injured to climb over the fence.
Magna-ficent timing, you could say, if you were a bad person.
As Jesus was turning back to help Eugene, the last walker in his immediate vicinity dodged when Jesus swung his sword at it, quickly got behind him, produced a long knife, and jammed it up through the opening in Jesus' armor to his heart.
"You are in a place where you do not belong," the Whisperer said in hushed tones before dropping Jesus and standing there looking like Leatherface from The Texas Chainsaw Massacre.
Daryl noticed a seam on the back of the man who killed Jesus' head and cut it open, revealing a freshly-killed man beneath a mask of skin he had previously removed.
As the episode came to a close, they were trapped in the cemetery, surrounded by Whisperers who were psyching them out by telling them to "keep them together." As effective an action-horror scene as The Walking Dead has ever produced, that final sequence was a highlight of the season.
It was a fantastic conclusion to the best half-season of The Walking Dead since at least Season 6 and possibly even Season 5 of the show.
As long as the writing remains passable and does not devolve into the tedious speechifying of previous showrunnerScott Gimple, she should be able to sell it.
A scene similar to OneFear the Walking DeadDid in Season 3 of The Walking Dead was recreated in Season 3 of The Walking Dead.
We have no idea where he's gone or what he's up to, but whatever it is, it'll be a welcome break after being caged up for the previous eight episodes.
It's time to break loose and have some fun with JDM.
And it's a nice sensation to have. It's as though we've returned to 2013. I wish things had remained the same way it was in 2013. Gifts for the Holidays Inspired by The Walking Dead Ross Marquand is a character on AMC's The Walking Dead. Gene Page and the American Medical Center
The Walking Dead: Let's Have a Chat About That Unexpected Midseason Finale Twist
Warning: This section contains spoilers for the most recent episode of The Walking Dead. At the very least, we can always bank on The Walking Dead to surprise us with something fresh season after season! After Andrew Lincoln's departure, the six-year time leap, and the appearance of Rick Grimes Jr., the midseason finale on Sunday is likely to knock you off your feet even more than those previous surprises. It was a completely unexpected turn of events that brought the season to a close with the death of Paul "Jesus" Rovia, who had been a fan favorite since his arrival in season six.
They made their initial "appearance" in episode seven, following Rosita and Eugene into a ravine and tricking them into believing that zombies were getting the capacity to communicate.
Just as the gang is about to make it safely out of the walker-infested cemetery, one of the disguised Whisperers grabs Jesus and stabs him in the back, killing him instantly.
A terrible blow for the gang, especially when they realize that they have been encircled by the remaining Whisperers, and the episode finishes with us wondering whether we will lose another fan favorite before the season's nine episodes are completed.
His death is yet another significant departure from the comics, though we should by now be accustomed to it (RIP Carl).
In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, the former series regular admitted that he had become dissatisfied with the path his character had taken over the previous several years and that he was relieved that Jesus's final stand was more in accordance with the character's position in the comics.
He's the most capable member in the entire gang, without a doubt!
It's an incredible show, and I feel really privileged to have been a part of it, but being the same character for so long without having anything interesting to do may be a little irritating." Now that Jesus's trip on the TWD has come to an end, the people of the established villages will have to face the Whisperers without the benefit of his war experience.
We have no idea how the tale will unfold, given how far the program has strayed from canon, but something tells us that there is a long way to go before the looming battle is brought to a close. Image courtesy of AMC
'They knew I was a bit unhappy': 'The Walking Dead' star says he was frustrated and bored with his role on the show
Precaution: This section contains spoilers for the most recent episode of The Walking Dead! At the very least, we can always rely on The Walking Dead to surprise us with something fresh season after season. After Andrew Lincoln's departure, the six-year time leap, and the appearance of Rick Grimes Jr., the midseason finale on Sunday is going to knock you off your feet even more than those events. Paul "Jesus" Rovia, who had been a fan favorite since his entrance on the show in season six, died at the end of the season in a shocking twist of circumstances.
The lethal gang of survivors made their initial "appearance" in episode seven, pursuing Rosita and Eugene down a ravine and tricking them into believing that walkers were acquiring the capacity to communicate with their victims.
Before the gang has a chance to safely exit the walker-infested cemetery, one of the Whisperers, dressed in a gravedigger's garb, snatches Jesus and stabs him to death.
A terrible blow for the gang, especially when they realize that they have been encircled by the remaining Whisperers, and the episode finishes with us wondering whether we will lose another fan favorite before the season's nine episodes are over.
His death is yet another significant departure from the comics, though we should be accustomed to it at this point, to be honest with ourselves (RIP Carl).
See also: What We Need Is More Jesus Care
In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, the former series regular confessed that he had become dissatisfied with the way his character had taken over the previous several years and that he was pleased that Jesus's final stand was more in accordance with the character's position in the comics.
He's the most capable member in the entire group, without a question!
It's an incredible program, and I feel really privileged to have been a part of it, but being the same character for so long without having anything interesting to do may be a little tedious." Now that Jesus's trip on the TWD has come to an end, the people of the established towns will have to combat the Whisperers without the benefit of his warfare skills.
Due to the show's significant departure from canon, we have no idea how the tale will unfold, but something tells us that there is a long way to go before the looming battle is brought to a close. AMC provided the image.
Payne had a request for the way his character went out on the show.
He wanted his exit from the program to be as memorable as possible if he was going to leave. Gene Page and the American Medical Center What Payne requested for Jesus' exit from the program was "simply to make it extremely awesome because he's a difficult guy," Payne said of his request for the character's departure. In order for him to walk out, it needs to be done in an extremely harsh way with a lot of people, or it has to be a complete surprise, which is exactly what happened." And he died in a dignified manner.
"It was actually really good," Payne recalled of how his death scene played out.
With this weapon, everything is so simple for him.
Gene Page and the American Medical Center "Overall, I was rather pleased with the outcome," he continued.
I'd much prefer be in that position than continue to reside on the Hilltop for another few years." Payne couldn't express how thrilled he was to finally be off the Hilltop and able to participate in a sequence with the other participants in the race.
"After three years on the program, I worked with a lot of different individuals at first, but then, while I really enjoyed working with Lauren, Xander, Katelyn, and Sonequa, that was pretty much it in terms of collaborations.
So, for me, it's just the opportunity to collaborate with Josh, Ross, and Norman on projects.
A mutual decision to leave the show
On season eight of "The Walking Dead," Tom Payne appeared in a scene that he described as "very good" and in which he played Lennie James. Gene Page and the American Medical Center Payne received his phone call from Kang late in the summer, but conversations regarding his departure had taken place much earlier. "It's something that we started talking about at the beginning of the year and have continued to do so. The decision on which character to write out is influenced by a variety of variables, including the following: "Angela Kang, the showrunner, spoke with INSIDER.
Besides Rick and Carl Grimes, who are widely considered to be the program's primary protagonists, there are two additional actors who have been written out of the show recently.
It's a harsh and terrifying bunch of people.
Accordingly, there is a death in the comic book as a result of this, and so we knew that there would have to be some type of epic battle that led up to it, and we also knew that whomever ended up dying, their life should have mattered a great deal, and their death has an impact.
Gene Page and the American Medical Center After mentioning what Jesus' life meant to other characters on the series, Kang continued, "Jesus was somebody who truly carried a torch of togetherness and unity for our people at a time when they may be more divided than they have ever been before." "This is something that really contributes to the overall feel of the season.
He emphasized that the choice was a joint one between him and the program.
They were aware of my dissatisfaction, and I had stated, 'I don't give a damn what happens.' All that remains is for us to murder a few more individuals.
"Because there are so many characters on the program, it's tough for everyone to find their own area, which I entirely understand.
Jackson AMC Photographer Lee Davis
Concerns over backlash from fans
When a major character on a television program gets killed off, there is always a risk that there would be some type of backlash from the audience, especially if the character is homosexual. Numerous opinion articles have been published on how TV writers have killed off powerful LGBT characters on their programs. Despite the fact that Jesus is no longer on the program, there are still four prominent characters who are gay: Aaron, Tara, Magna, and Yumiko, who were just introduced. "Characters die on this program, and that is part of the appeal of it.
Our title states that we do not take death lightly, and we do not regard them as if they are a casualty "Kang said himself.
Some organizations are more outspoken than others.
"This will, without a doubt, come as a huge disappointment to comic-book readers who are fans of the figure of Jesus.
Rick continues to be the main character in the comics, and we had to write off Andrew Lincoln for the year." Kang went on to say more.
Our writers' room has a tremendous amount of variety.
It is our goal to simply demonstrate that there is a diversity of individuals on television, just as there is in the real world, and we are happy of the way that diversity is represented on screen." You can't argue with the fact that "The Walking Dead" has always featured a diverse cast of characters from a range of various social backgrounds.
Fans, on the other hand, he feels, will be outraged for a different reason.
"To be really honest, I believe there would be a bit more of a backlash if anything like that happened.
He specifically recalled a conversation he had with Negan during the fight against the Saviors.
Jesus is engaged in a second battle with Negan "Payne was used as an example.
At the conclusion of that season, I was a little dejected and disappointed.
It's a sequence that Payne wished had taken place on the big screen.
After years of friendship, the two main characters in the comics have a romantic involvement with one another.
Is it true that they are or aren't?
Gene Page and the American Medical Center "I understand," Payne said when asked about the ambiguity around the Aaron and Jesus interaction.
Because we have the season premiere this year, but it was like seven years ago at this point.
And then, yes, we had these two episodes that are currently airing.
I thought that was a great little tribute to the comics and the possibility of a link between them." Regarding those seeking for a confirmation on the couple's relationship status, Payne and Kang both acknowledged that the two were simply incredibly good friends.
To see more of Jesus and Aaron, you'll have to stick with the comic books. More information may be found at: Tom Payne claims that there was an extra sequence of him with a boyfriend that was deleted from the show.
Payne is keeping his long hair, for now
Recognize the truth. With his long hair, Payne is a sight to behold. Gene Page and the American Medical Center When Payne is no longer a part of the program, what will happen to his long locks that he grew out for the role of Jesus? If you're concerned, Payne assures you that they will remain, at least for the time being. When Payne started laughing, he remarked, "That's the thing." "After two and a half years, and because there aren't many male actors with long hair, I'm planning to maintain it because it could provide me an advantage in certain roles in the future.
For the time being, I'll leave things alone." Of course, anything is possible in the future.
Tom Payne revealed that he has been growing his hair out for more than two years in preparation for his part as Jesus.
"They were quite courteous to me and provided me with a fantastic conclusion.
"Because of this, even though I didn't have much to do in the middle of the show, other from that battle with Lennie, which was fantastic, I had these two moments in the show to look back on.
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