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Geoengineering Governance
A world-leading initiative for the study of legal and policy issues presented by solar geoengineering and carbon dioxide removal.
Emmett Institute on Climate Change & the Environment
The Geoengineering Governance Project at the UCLA Emmett Institute on Climate Change and the Environment is a world-leading initiative for the study of legal and policy issues presented by solar geoengineering and carbon dioxide removal technologies: their societal impacts, risks, and benefits; their interactions with emissions-cutting measures and other climate responses; and their governance challenges and potential responses.
Led by Edward A. Parson, Dan and Rae Emmett Professor of Environmental Law at UCLA Law and Faculty Co-Director of the Emmett Institute, with support from the Open Philanthropy Project, the project conducts interdisciplinary research, engages with and advises decision-makers, and provides training to broad audiences of students, professionals, and citizens.
A complete report of the project's activities and achievements from 2017 to 2021 is available here.
Solar geoengineering and large-scale carbon dioxide removal are both intentional, large-scale interventions to modify the environment, which aim to counteract some of the harms from elevated atmospheric greenhouse gases. Both are fairly recent additions to the set of potential climate responses. Both promise, in dissimilar ways, the possibility of reducing climate-change risks more than is possible by emissions cuts and adaptation alone. Both also present significant new risks and uncertainties, including novel challenges related to how the technologies may be used, under whose control, with what aims and effects.
Solar geoengineering presents especially acute governance challenges. Major concerns raised about solar geoengineering include potential unilateral use by one country, excessive or over-confident reliance that may weaken needed emissions-cutting efforts, and exacerbating international inequity or conflict.
The Geoengineering Governance Project advances knowledge and governance practice on solar geoengineering and carbon dioxide removal, taking account of both their potential contributions to effective climate response and their diverse risks:
The project engages with decision-makers in government, international organizations, and the private and civil-society sectors, aiming to start the process of identifying and building needed governance capacity.
The project supports teaching and training through lectures, conference and workshop presentations, and the International Summer School on Geoengineering Governance, held in 2019.
Since 2017, the project has produced more than 50 published outputs, including research and scholarly publications as well as legal, policy-oriented, and popular publications.
Training Future Leaders
The project organized the Sixth International Summer School on Geoengineering Governance, held from Aug 5 – 11, 2019 in Banff, Alberta, co-sponsored by four partner organizations.
The Summer School brought together sixty participants – including leading researchers as faculty, as well as graduate students, researchers, government officials, and civil society representatives from more than a dozen countries – for five days of intensive exploration of the societal, political, governance, and ethical aspects of geoengineering.
The 2019 International Summer School on Geoengineering Governance jump-started projects on geoengineering research, assessment, and policy development.
Engaging with Policymakers
The project has advised and consulted with climate-change policy-makers in multiple jurisdictions, aiming to build awareness of geoengineering technologies, their potential benefits and risks, and their research and governance needs. Highlights include the following:
2021-2022: Track II Diplomacy Exercise, Partnership with Paris Peace Forum
Through the work of project Fellow Adrien Abecassis, who served as senior aide to President Francois Hollande at the 2015 Paris Climate Conference, the Emmett Institute and Harvard projects are jointly developing a "Track 2 Diplomacy" exercise: a structured consultation on international governance needs for geoengineering, involving a globally diverse participant group of senior policy-makers, experts, and civil-society leaders.
The exercise is being convened in partnership with the Paris Peace Forum, a distinguished international platform for dialogs on high-stakes global challenges and potential solutions. The first meeting is planned for April 2021, with work continuing through 2021 and 2022.
2017-2019: California
At the request of Gov. Jerry Brown following an August 2017 briefing by Ted Parson and other geoengineering experts, the project organized a workshop for ~ 25 senior state officials and experts in February 2018.
The workshop, led by Dr. Louise Bedsworth (Governor's Office of Planning and Research), Dr. Jane C.S. Long (California Council on Science and Technology) and Ted Parson, aimed to raise awareness of geoengineering and associated issues and controversies across the state government, and to prepare for the programmatic, governance, and political needs associated with anticipated proposals to conduct solar geoengineering field research in the state.
Since Gov. Brown left office, Dr. Bedsworth has continued working on geoengineering research governance, including chairing the Advisory Committee established by Harvard University to develop governance, oversight, and consultation mechanisms for the proposed Scopex experiment, the first small-scale solar geoengineering field experiment. The UCLA Emmett project has continued to advise Dr. Bedsworth and the Advisory Committee throughout this process.
2017-2020: Canada
Project director Ted Parson and Prof. David Keith of Harvard University have conducted a series of briefings with senior officials in the Government of Canada, promoting development of a Canadian geoengineering research program and a leadership role for Canada in supporting international consultations on governance of geoengineering.
After publishing an op-ed in the Toronto Globe and Mail, Parson and Keith were invited to brief the Chief of Staff to the Minister of Environment and Climate Change in December 2017. After several subsequent discussions with mid-level officials, they were invited to provide a full day of briefings for officials and scientists on Sept 5, 2019, hosted by Deputy Minister Steven Lucas, including a cross-government presentation as part of the Deputy Minister's Seminar series. Following a subsequent Cabinet shuffle and changes in senior executives in Fall 2019, Parson had follow-up conversations with the new Minister (Jonathan Wilkinson) and Deputy Minister (Christine Hogan) at COP25, December 2019, in Madrid.
Based in part on these conversations, the Government of Canada is now developing plans to support geoengineering research. No announcement or decision has yet been made regarding a governance initiative, but we continue to engage them in discussions on this.
2019-2020: IRGC report commissioned by governments of Switzerland and Germany
Following participation in the 2019 Summer School by Amb. Franz Perrez of Switzerland and Dr. Marie-Valentine Florin, executive director of the International Risk Governance Center (IRGC) in Lausanne, the Government of Switzerland asked IRGC to prepare a report on scientific, technological, governance, and ethical issues posed by geoengineering. Project fellow Dr. Jesse Reynolds worked closely with IRGC in planning the activity and authored the final chapter of the report, while project PI Ted Parson provided invited commentary and spoke at the project's review workshop in April 2020.
The report was published in Summer 2020 and provided by request to sponsoring offices in the Swiss and German governments.
2019-2020: US federal research agencies
The FY 2020 US federal budget for the first time included modest funding for solar geoengineering research ($4 M in NOAA), along with substantially larger amounts for CDR research (~ $100M total, in three agencies), and future increases are widely expected.
Project PI Ted Parson and fellow Jesse Reynolds have collaborated with researchers and officials at NOAA's Boulder Laboratory and the National Center for Atmospheric Research in a series of planning activities for the design and oversight of this research and the development of scenarios to coordinate the research. They spoke at four workshops and continue to consult with agency staff who would be responsible for these programs, and with leading scientific researchers expected to participate in these programs.
Research and Scholarship: Publications (Updated Jan. 2021)
J.P. Sapinski, Holly J. Buck, and Andreas Malm, editors, Has it come to this? The promises and perils of geoengineering on the brink. Rutgers University Press, November 2020. Link.
Jesse L. Reynolds, The Governance of Climate Engineering: Managing Climate Change in the Anthropocene, Cambridge University Press: 2019. Link.
Holly Buck, After Geoengineering: Climate tragedy, repair, and restoration. Verso Press: 2019. Link.
Andrew E. Dessler and Edward A. Parson, The Science and Politics of Climate Change: a guide to the debate. Cambridge University Press: 3rd edition, 2019. Link.
Articles in Scientific Journals and Law Reviews
Holly J. Buck, I. Mettiäinen, D. MacMartin, K. Ricke, "Bog there, marshland here: Challenges in co-producing scientific knowledge on climate geoengineering in the Arctic," in review.
Jesse L. Reynolds, "Novel Technologies and Global Environmental Governance: Theoretical Perspectives on Solar Geoengineering, Biotechnology, and Digital Technology" (with Sikina Jinnah, Josh Horton, Matthias Honegger, Karsten Schulz, Marian Feist, Valentina Nakic, Florian Rabitz, Oskar Gstrein, Ina Möller, Marielle Papin-Manjarrez). In review.
Jesse L. Reynolds, Janos Pasztor, Nicholas Harrison, Arunabha Ghosh, Ying Chen, Ronald Jumeau, and Carlos Nobre, "Playing with Fire: Strengthening Governance of Large-scale Climate Altering Technologies and Interventions," Global Policy, in review
Charles Corbett, "Muddling through: Climate Emergencies and the Deployment of Solar Geoengineering," in review.
Charles Corbett, "Glacial Geoengineering and the Antarctic Treaty System," in preparation for 2021 law review submission
Charles Corbett, "Nature-based Solutions: Understanding Debate and Dysfunction in Carbon Removal Policy," in preparation for 2021 law review submission.
Charles Corbett, "Extraordinary and Highly Controversial: Federal Research on Solar Geoengineering under NEPA," Northwestern Law Review 2021, forthcoming.
Edward A. Parson and Jesse L. Reynolds, special collection of six articles from 2019 Summer School Scenario exercise, under review in Futures, 2021 – individual titles follow.
Edward A. Parson and Jesse L. Reynolds, "Solar Geoengineering: Scenarios of Future Governance Challenges," Futures, under review, 2021.
Zachary Dove, Joshua Horton, Katharine Ricke, "The Middle Powers Roar: A Scenario of Minilateral Solar Geoengineering Deployment," Futures, under review, 2021.
Felix Schenuit, Jonathan Gilligan, Anjali Viswamohanan, "Vulnerable States Demand and Act: A Solar Geoengineering Deployment Scenario," Futures, under review, 2021.
Anne Pasek, Tyler Felgenhauer, David Morrow, "Reflections on a Decentralized Grassroots Solar Geoengineering Deployment Scenario," Futures, under review, 2021.
Mariia Belaia, Amanda Borth, and Weili Weng, "The Private Sector to the Rescue? A Private-Sector Solar Geoengineering Deployment Scenario," Futures, under review, 2021.
Edward A. Parson and Jesse L. Reynolds, "Geoengineering Governance: Insights and Challenges from a Scenario Exercise," Futures, under review, 2021.
Jesse L. Reynolds, "Engineering Biological Diversity: The International Governance of Synthetic Biology, Gene Drives, and De-extinction for Conservation." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 49:1 – 6, April 2021. Link.
Jesse L. Reynolds, "Is Solar Geoengineering Ungovernable? A Critical Assessment of Governance Challenges Identified by the IPCC." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2020:e690. Link.
Holly J. Buck, "Should carbon removal be treated as waste management? Lessons from the cultural history of waste," Interface Focus 10:5, 2020. Link.
Charles Corbett, "Chemtrails and Solar Geoengineers: Governing Online Conspiracy Theory Misinformation," Missouri Law Review 85:3, Fall 2020. Link.
Holly J. Buck, Jay Fuhrman, David R. Morrow, Daniel L. Sanchez, Frances M. Wang. "Adaptation and carbon removal," One Earth 3:4, P425-435, Oct 22, 2020. Link.
Holly J. Buck, O. Geden, M Sugiyama, O Corry, "Pandemic politics —lessons for solar geoengineering," Nature Communications Earth & Environment. 1:16 (2020). Link.
Charles Corbett and Wil Burns, "Antacids for the Sea?: Artificial Ocean Alkalinization and Climate Change," One Earth 3:2, P154-156, Aug 21, 2020. Link.
Simon Nicholson and Jesse L. Reynolds, eds., "Taking Technology Seriously: Special Issue on New Technologies and Global Environmental Politics," Global Environmental Politics 20:3, Aug 2020. Link.
Edward A. Parson and Holly J. Buck, "Large-scale Carbon Dioxide Removal: The problem of phasedown as a socio-technical transition," Global Environmental Politics 20:3, August 2020, 70-92. Link.
J. L. Reynolds, "Governing new technologies for biodiversity: Gene drive, international law, and emerging politics" Global Environmental Politics 20:3 Aug 2020. Link.
J.L. Reynolds and E.A. Parson, "Nonstate governance of solar geoengineering research," Climatic Change 160: 323-42 (2020). Link.
Holly J. Buck, L.J.Martin, O.Geden, P.Kareiva, L.Koslov, W.Krantz, B.Kravitz, J.Noël, E.A. Parson, C.J.Preston, D.L.Sanchez, L.Scarlett, S. Talati, "Evaluating the efficacy and equity of environmental stopgap measures," Nature Sustainability, 3:499-504 2020. Link.
Sean Low and Holly J. Buck, "The Practice of Responsible Research and Innovation in Climate Engineering," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 11:3, e644, 2020. Link.
Holly J. Buck, "Understanding inaction in confronting ecosystem collapse: community perspectives from California's Salton Sea," Ecology and Society 25:1 27, 2020. Link.
J.L. Reynolds and Joshua B. Horton, "An Earth System Governance Perspective on Solar Geoengineering," Earth System Governance 3:10043, 2020. Link.
J.L. Reynolds and Gernot Wagner, "Highly Decentralized Solar Geoengineering," Environmental Politics 29:5, 917-933, 2019. Link.
J.L. Reynolds, "Solar Geoengineering to Reduce Climate Change: A Review of Governance Proposals," 475 Proceedings of the Royal Society A 20190255, 2019. Link.
Holly J. Buck, "Challenges and opportunities of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage for communities," Current Sustainable/Renewable Energy Reports 6:4 124-130, 2019. Link.
T. Svoboda, Holly J. Buck, P. Suarez, "Climate Engineering and Human Rights," Environmental Politics 28:3, 397-416, 2019. Link.
Holly J. Buck, "On Carbonscapes by Design," Log 47, 2019. Link.
Holly J. Buck. "The politics of negative emissions and decarbonization in rural communities," Global Sustainability 1, 2018. Link.
Holly J. Buck. "Perspectives on solar geoengineering from Finnish Lapland: Local insights on the global imaginary of Arctic geoengineering," Geoforum 91:78-86, 2018. Link.
J. Horton, J.L. Reynolds, H.J. Buck, D. Callies, S. Schafer, D.Keith, S. Rayner, "Solar Geoengineering and Democracy," Global Environmental Politics 18:3, 5-24, 2018, Link.
E. A. Parson, "Climate Policymakers and Assessments must get serious about climate engineering," Proc of the Nat Acad of Sci, 114(35), 9227-9230, August 29, 2017. Link.
Jesse L. Reynolds, Florian Rabitz, Elsa Tsioumani, "Emerging Technologies in Biodiversity Governance: Gaps and Opportunities for Action," in Transforming Biodiversity Governance, Ingrid Visseren-Hamakers and Marcel Kok, eds., Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.
Jesse L. Reynolds, "Solar Geoengineering could be consistent with international law," in Debating Climate Law, Benoit Mayer and Alexander Zahar, eds., Cambridge University Press, 2021.
Holly J. Buck, "Climate engineering doesn't stop ocean acidification: addressing harms to ocean life in geoengineering imaginaries," in Blue Legalities: The Law and Life of the Sea, eds. Irus Braverman & Elizabeth Johnson, Duke University Press, 2020. Link.
Holly J. Buck, "Village science meets global discourse: The Haida Salmon Restoration Corporation's ocean fertilization experiment," in Geoengineering Our Climate: Ethics, Politics, Governance, Jason Blackstock & Sean Low, eds., Earthscan, 2018. Link.
Policy-oriented and Popular Publications
Marie-Valentine Florin, Paul Rouse, Anna-Maria Hubert, Matthias Honneger, Jesse L. Reynolds, International Governance Issues on Climate Engineering: Information for Policy-Makers. Lausanne: EPFL International Risk Governance Center, June 2020. Link.
Holly J. Buck, "How to cool an ocean," MIT Technology Review 122:3 56-61, May 2019. Link.
Olúfẹmi O. Táíwò and Holly J. Buck, "Capturing carbon to fight climate change is dividing environmentalists," The Conversation, Jan. 31, 2019, link.
Holly J. Buck, "The need for carbon removal," Jacobin, July 24 2018, link.
Geoengineering: The Need for Governance, Carnegie Climate Governance Initiative report, 2019. (Jesse Reynolds, contributing author). Link.
Jesse L. Reynolds, "Is There Nothing New under the Sun? Analogs for the Governance of Solar Geoengineering," in Governance of Deployment of Solar Geoengineering, Harvard Project on Climate Agreements, R. Stavins and R. Stowe, eds., 2019.
Jesse L. Reynolds, "Decentralized Nonstate Environmental Intervention: The Case of Solar Geoengineering," discussion paper, Harvard Kennedy School Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, 2019.
D.W. Keith and E.A. Parson, "Solar Geoengineering: Science Fiction – or Saviour?" op-ed, Toronto Globe and Mail, December 8, 2017, link.
E. A. Parson, "Starting the Dialogue on Climate Engineering Governance: a World Commission," Policy Brief 8, Fixing Climate Governance Series, Centre for International Governance Innovation, August 2017, link.
Online publications, Blog posts, etc.
More than 40 posts on geoengineering-related topics by project participants on Legal Planet, the environmental law blog jointly run by Emmett Institute and Berkeley Law school.
Public lectures, seminars, workshop and conference presentations (Selected):
Scenarios for Solar Geoengineering. American Geophysical Union annual meeting, December 9 and 14, 2020. Invited presentations by Ted Parson.
Community Climate Interventions Strategies Workshop, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder CO, October 28 – 30, 2020. Invited presentation by Ted Parson.
Rand Corporation/IIASA international workshop on geoengineering, July 28, 2020. Invited presentation by Ted Parson.
Philanthropies Roundtable on Solar Geoengineering, convened by World Resources Institute, June 15, 2020. Invited presentation by Ted Parson.
Community Climate Interventions Strategies Workshop, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder CO, April 15-17, 2020; invited presentation by Ted Parson.
Space-based Geoengineering: in need of reconsideration? Harvard University Center for the Environment, Nov 24 – 25, 2019; invited presentation by Ted Parson.
Global Development Network Conference, Bonn, 23 – 25 October 2019; invited plenary presentation by Jesse Reynolds.
Breakthrough Dialog; invited presentations by Holly J. Buck, Sept 2018 ("achieving disagreement") and September 2019 ("Environmental policy after neoliberalism").
Conference on Environmental Security, National Intelligence University, Washington DC, Sept 12, 2019; invited presentation by Holly Buck.
Workshop for NRC Committee on solar geoengineering research, Stanford University, Sept 10 - 11, 2019; invited presentations by Ted Parson and Holly Buck.
Intelligence-Squared Debates (IQ2), New York, April 18, 2019. Ted Parson and David Keith (Harvard) debated solar geoengineering with Anjali Viswamohanan (Oxford) and Clive Hamilton (Charles Sturt University Australia). Debates scored by pre/post-test agreement: Support for Parson/Keith proposition pre 37%, post 75%. Link.
Scenarios Forum, University of Denver, March 11 – 13, 2019; invited presentations by Ted Parson and Jesse Reynolds.
Crafting the Long Tomorrow, Biosphere II (Univ of Arizona), Feb 23, 2019. Keynote address by Holly Buck.
Earth Systems Governance Conference, Utrecht, 5 – 8 November 2018; two sessions organized by Jesse Reynolds.
Workshop on Environmental Stopgaps, UCLA Nov 7, 2018. Workshop organized by Holly Buck, scenario exercise designed and led by Ted Parson. Holly, Ted, and Will Krantz are co-authors on subsequent paper, published in Nature Sustainability, April 2020.
Geoengineering Research Governance: Issues and Opportunities for California, UCLA, February 12-13, 2018. Workshop sponsored by project, organized and led by Ted Parson, Louise Bedsworth, and Jane C.S. Long at request of Governor Brown.
Climate Engineering Conference 2017, Berlin, October 9 – 12, 2017. Four sessions organized by Ted Parson, Holly Buck, and Jesse Reynolds, including scenario exercise on governance challenges. Holly Buck served on steering committee for Conference.
Plus ~ 40 other lectures, conference and workshop presentations by project team, 2017-2021
2021 Emmett Institute Spring Symposium
California Climate Risk
California's Environmental Laws
China Environmental Governance
Climate Change and Business Research Initiative
Emmett Institute Amicus Briefs
Emmett Institute Comment Letters
Energy Law and Policy
Federal Environmental Regulation
Los Angeles Sustainability
Natural Resources Law and Policy
Pritzker Environmental Law and Policy Briefs
Edward A. Parson parson@law.ucla.edu
Support Emmett Subscribe to Emmett News and Events


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VPN Testing
What Is The Best VPN for
Kodi in 2020?
VyprVPN is the best VPN to use with the Kodi media player app on computers, mobile devices, game consoles and set-top boxes. Offering 700 servers, which are located in 64 countries, the provider ensures a dependable way to access blocked streaming content on the internet. In addition, VyprVPN's fast connection speeds mean you won't have to wait forever for your streaming content to play.
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The service also provides excellent protection for your Kodi streaming and other online activities via their encrypted connections, which keep your personal information safe from the prying eyes of hackers, your ISP and even the government.
Kodi (which started life as XBMC for the original Xbox) is a free, open-source media player available on numerous desktop, mobile, set-top and game console platforms. Kodi allows users to stream video from local and internet sources, stream music and podcasts, and much more.
Fun fact 🙂 The baby name meaning of "Kodi" is "helpful."
While originally created for the first Xbox gaming console, the player is now available on macOS, Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, Xbox One, Apple TV and Amazon Fire TV devices.
Windows, Linux, Android and macOS versions are easily installed via a simple download and installation process. However, installation on the other platforms can only be performed on jailbroken devices, or via a somewhat involved "sideloading" process.
Kodi is currently at version 17.1 "Krypton" as of this writing. Version 17.0 was released in early 2017 and offered a new look and feel, an improved video engine and music library, Live TV and PVR functionality, and various other changes and improvements.
The Kodi media player's open-source status has led to a large number of third-party plugins that allow the media player to add new capabilities beyond the app's original capabilities, such as accessing Netflix, Hulu and Pandora streaming content, as well as other internet radio streams. It even offers the ability to play retro console games such as those found on early Nintendo and Sega consoles.
Third-party plugins have also been developed, which allow illegal access to copyrighted content, leading some observers to look upon Kodi as a pirating tool. While no one would claim that Kodi is not being used to access copyrighted materials, the application can do much more, with many of its capabilities being perfectly legal in most countries.
Top 5 VPNs for Kodi
Why Do You Need a VPN for Kodi?
While using Kodi itself isn't illegal, some of its third-party plugins allow users to access copyrighted materials.
While I would never suggest that any of my readers should or would break the law, third-party plugins are a vital part of the Kodi experience, and I would hazard to say that most, if not all, Kodi users make use of these plugins.
A VPN provides encryption for your internet connection, cloaking your connection from prying eyes and ensuring that content providers, the government and even your Internet Service Provider (ISP) cannot monitor your online activities.
Kodi's open platform, which makes it easy for third-party developers to create handy plugins, also leaves it open to attacks from those who would enjoy stealing your info. The encryption protects your personal information from hackers who are looking to steal your personal information.
Kodi plugins include the capability to access video content from geographically-restricted streaming services, such as Netflix in all of its international versions, Hulu, BBC iPlayer, Spotify and many others. A VPN allows users to unblock content that might not normally be available to users from their location.
When a VPN user logs in to a VPN server, they are automatically assigned a new IP address, making it appear as if the user is in a different location. The new location could be anywhere from across the city to around the globe. This is what allows the user to access content that is usually blocked to them due to the geographical restrictions.
Selecting the Best VPN for Use With Kodi
When you're considering VPN providers for use with your Kodi viewing activities, there are a good number of considerations to keep in mind during your research. In this section, I'll share those factors with you, and will also include a table ranking that shows how well each VPN provider performs in that category.
Connection Speed
Connection speed is arguably the most important feature to be considered when searching for a VPN provider for use with Kodi. The media app can display 1080p and 4K HDR video. Both formats require a reliably fast connection in order to avoid a long buffering period before playing, or pixelation and stuttering when playback begins.
Never consider a VPN service that doesn't provide a consistently reliable and fast connection. A VPN's protected connection speeds should come as close as possible to the speeds provided by your ISP.
While you'll always see a slowdown when using a VPN (due to the added processing overhead of the encryption protocols used), your goal is to find a provider with as little a speed penalty as possible.
While we're taking a look at VPN connection speeds for use with Kodi streaming activities, a fast VPN connection will also offer a better all-around online experience for all of your other online activities, such as web browsing, playing games and much more.
The table below lists the VPN providers according to connection speed, ranked fastest to slowest.
DL Speed Before
DL Speed After
Speed (US%)
Multi-Platform Support
The Kodi media app is available on a large number of desktop, mobile, set-top and gaming devices. This means that multi-platform support is also an important factor for any VPN provider you might consider.
Always look for a VPN service that offers native VPN apps for as many connected device platforms as possible. Router support is always a plus, as a VPN service that is compatible with your wireless router will provide protection for all of the connected devices in your home or small business.
The table below lists my favorite VPN providers and the number of platforms they support. The list is sorted by which VPN supports the most devices, down to which supports the least.
Note: The providers listed here all offer support for the Windows, Mac, iOS and Android platforms.
Platforms Supported
Global Server Coverage
Comprehensive global server coverage is an important consideration, as the more VPN servers the provider has positioned around the globe, the better chance you'll have of unblocking any geographically-blocked streaming content.
In addition to streaming Kodi content, a VPN provider with excellent global server coverage will also come in handy for other online activities, such as online gaming.
The providers below are ranked according to the number of countries they have servers stationed in and are listed in descending order.
Other Factors to Consider
Price will likely also be a consideration for many of us when we're considering a VPN subscription. When considering pricing, make sure the provider isn't cutting corners on customer support, global server coverage or connection speed in order to offer a low price.
Note: Many VPN providers run special deals on subscriptions on a regular basis. Such deals can significantly reduce subscription costs. Also, users willing to sign up for an extended period of time can benefit from even more savings. Visit any provider's website for current pricing and offers.
While most providers offer monthly subscription options, which can be an attractive option for users on a tight budget, this type of option will almost always cost you more in the long run.
*The prices in the table reflect the monthly cost when paying for an annual subscription. (Annual Subscription Price / 12 Months.)
Let's hope that no one who's reading this ever has an issue with their VPN connection. However, chances are better than just good that you'll need to contact your VPN provider's customer support folk about one issue or another. Murphy's Law says "you're welcome."
When researching a VPN provider's customer support department, look for live chat support, a trouble ticket submission form and an easy-to-search support library/knowledge base.
Note: None of the VPN providers listed below provide phone support.
Always take a look at how well a VPN provider protects your privacy. "Privacy" doesn't mean what type of encryption they use to protect your internet connection. Any good VPN provider offers that.
Instead, I mean that you should take a look at what country the provider is located in, whether they keep logs of any kind related to your online activities, and whether they offer privacy-friendly payment options such as Bitcoin or merchant gift cards.
The VPN providers below are rated on a scale of 0 to 5, according to the level of privacy they offer.
Privacy Ranking

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Linklaters continues its expansion in the field of international arbitration with the arrival of Christian Albanesi
Linklaters is pleased to announce the arrival of Christian Albanesi, Managing Counsel of the ICC International Court of Arbitration, to its international arbitration team. The firm thus takes a new step in its development, particularly with regard to its activities in arbitration in Latin America.
Christian Albanesi held the position of Managing Counsel of the ICC International Court of Arbitration, which he had joined seven years ago. He previously held other positions in the Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American team of the ICC Court's Secretariat. He is a member of the Paris and Buenos Aires Bars.
Christian Albanesi graduated from the University of Buenos Aires (Argentina) and holds an LL.M in French law and international law from the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. He is also a former scholar of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.
Prior to joining ICC, Christian Albanesi worked in Buenos Aires at the Argentinian law firm Marval, O'Farrell & Mairal and then at the Paris office of Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer.
Linklaters benefits from a vast experience in the field of dispute resolution, notably in international arbitration in a wide range of sectors: corporate, mergers & acquisitions, joint ventures, energy, mining and natural resources, telecommunications, defense, aerospace, construction, manufacturing, distribution, financial services, pharmaceuticals, and services contracts.
Linklaters has one of the strongest international arbitration teams, strengthened in December 2013 with the arrival of Matthieu de Boisséson, Pierre Duprey and Roland Ziadé, along with a number of experienced associates.
With a unique international reach (Europe, Africa, Middle East, Asia and Americas), the members of this team act as counsel and arbitrators in arbitral proceedings worldwide, under the rules of all of major arbitral institutions (e.g. ICC, LCIA, ICSID), as well as in ad hoc proceedings (e.g., UNCITRAL).


Photo by Jeffrey Saulton Chef Chad Winebrenner, right, makes the first prize bread, Cranberry Nut Bread with Filling with Patricia Burdine, of Williamstown.
Photo by Christina Myer Karen Smith, of Little Hocking, visits the booth of Pampered Chef Independent Consultant Jan Pierce, of Washington, W.Va., during the vendor show preceding the Taste of The Valley at Parkersburg South High School on Saturday.
Photo by Jeffrey Saulton Heather Flowers, left, speaks with Lori Orall, right, of Pampered Chef during the vendor show prior to the Taste of The Valley at Parkersburg South High School on Saturday.
Photo by Christina Myer Attendees at Saturday's Taste of The Valley event at Parkersburg South High School check out vendors prior to the cooking demonstration.
Photo by Jeffrey Saulton Chef Chad Winebrenner works with Patricia Burdine, right, on her recipe while other first place winners in the Parkersburg News and Sentinel Cookbook contest, Wanda Allman, Debby Carouthers, Anna Dean and Anna McQuaid, watch.
PARKERSBURG — Area food and cooking enthusiasts gathered to learn more about their passion and how to make recipes that were this year's award winners in the Parkersburg News and Sentinel Cookbook contest at the Taste of The Valley on Saturday.
Chef Chad Winebrenner said this year's cooking show at Parkersburg South High School went with a different format for the 2017 edition.
Winebrenner said he wanted to show how the winners wanted their recipes done.
Winebrenner said this is his first time with this type of program.
"I wanted to bring the community into this since we lost the Taste of Home name," he said. "I didn't realize how important that name was until last year when I came here and I saw everybody's excitement.
Winebrenner said he has realized how much of a tradition the annual Parkersburg News and Sentinel Cookbook is in the community.
Originally from Columbus, Winebrenner spent a large part of his childhood in south-east Florida before returning to Ohio area to graduate from high school.
Winebrenner gained his classical training through a pair of freelance apprenticeships in State College, Pa., as well as East Lansing, Mich., under ACF Certified Executive Chefs. He then worked through the ranks of fine dining steak houses and country clubs. The last five years Chad has spent in corporate dining as Executive Chef of Dining Services in the international home offices of Abercrombie and Fitch, and The Wendy's Company.
Mistal Wiant, of Vienna, said Saturday's event was the first time she attended a cooking show.
Colleen Riley, of Marietta, came along with a friend who had tickets to the show.
Monique Murphy, of Belpre, said she enjoyed The Taste of The Valley.
Monica Murphy, also of Belpre, said the show was enjoyable.
"It was pretty cool," she said.
Becky Kidder, co-owner of Crazy Cakes Cafe in Vienna, said this was the second year she has been part of the show.
"We came prepared to sell," she said. "We sold out last year and we sold a lot this year. A lot of people recognized our place in Vienna and said they will stop by.


Bauxite washing machine is used to clean clay in the bauxite washing plant through washing, wet screening and cycloning.
Washing Plant Bauxite Ore: At the alumina plant, the bauxite ore is fur At the bauxite production validated for various cases of a bauxite washing plant .
"beneficiation cost, bauxite washing plant"
Two to three tonnes of bauxite are required to produce one tonne of alumina. ... for instance as boiler feed water or for washing bauxite residue.
Bauxite processing using CDE wash plant, CDE USA. CDE bauxite processing equipment effectively removes silica and clay from the ore increasing efficiency of .


text:
Q: Override method, why can't I referenciate new own methods? I don't understand this:
OnGlobalLayoutListener listener = new OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
    @Override
    public void onGlobalLayout() {
         System.out.println("I am override a method");
    }

    public void hello(){
         System.out.println("This is a new method");
    }
};

//listener.hello(); Why I cannot do it?

Without this I can do it:
new OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
        @Override
        public void onGlobalLayout() {
             System.out.println("I am override a method");
        }

        public void hello(){
             System.out.println("This is a new method");
        }
    }.hello();

Why in the first case cannot I invoke the method hello() and the second case I can do it?

A: You're creating a new anonymous type, with a new method called hello.
You can call hello on the expression new OnGlobalLayoutListener() { } because the type of that expression is your new anonymous type.
You can't call hello on listener because the compile-time type of listener is OnGlobalLayoutListener, which doesn't have a hello method.
If you want to add extra methods, I would personally suggest you create a new nested class within your current class. You can declare a new named class right within a method, but I wouldn't advise it, just in terms of the clutter it creates.
Note that the overriding of onGlobalLayout is completely irrelevant to the question. You'd see the same thing if you tried writing:
new Object {
    public void hello() { ... }
}

A: In both cases, you instantiate an object by creating an anonymous inner class, but the way you reference the hello()method differs:
In the first case, you assign the instantiated class to a reference of the OnGlobalLayoutListener interface. The problem is that the interface has not declared the hello() method, so it cannot be called. However, there is no problem if you try calling the onGlobalLayout().
In the second case, the hello() method is accessible, because you call it on reference of the class that was just instantiated. In contrast to the interface, the class has two methods, the overriden onGlobalLayout() and the requested hello() method.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Shagbark Hickory
Curly and colorful, the opening leaf buds of the shagbark hickory sometimes are mistaken for exotic flowers in bloom.
Good Natured: Shagbark Hickory
It's a question we get asked fairly often: Where are the hickories at Hickory Knolls?
It's true, shagbark hickories and their close relatives the bitternuts are in the minority when compared with the numbers of white oaks, bur oaks and assorted other tree species that can be seen from the nature center. Over the past 10 years we've planted a couple of shagbarks near the building to, in essence, live up to our name, and we do have a good-sized bitternut over by the garage. And there's a pretty decent stand of shagbarks halfway through our natural area, roughly half a mile down the trail.
But to be perfectly honest, the shaggy yet stalwart species also known as Carya ovata wasn't everyone's first choice as the name for our unique center.
We knew we wanted to use a component of our natural area in the name, ideally a lifeform both loved, and long lived. We wanted an oak.
What tree is mighty? An oak. What tree stands for strength and resiliency? An oak. What tree is the state tree of Illinois? An oak (the white oak, Quercus alba, to be specific).
Ah, but the problem with naming something ______ Oaks is that pretty much every appropriate word that could precede these treasured trees is already in use. The Oaks is a development just south of downtown St. Charles. Majestic Oaks? It's a subdivision on the east side of town. Century Oaks? It's a neighborhood in Elgin.
Red Oak is a nature center in North Aurora; Emily Oaks is a nature center in Skokie; and Irons Oaks is a nature center in Olympia Fields.
Toss in some homophones like LeRoy Oakes (the forest preserve named after a Kane County board supervisor) and adjectival uses like Oaken Acres (a wildlife rescue in Sycamore) and we eventually concluded that we'd have to pass on using this iconic tree as part of our identity.
Once that decision was made, a host of other local flora came under consideration. Twinleaf, after the rare woodland wildflower Jeffersonia diphylla, had some merit for the way it embodied our dual mission of education and entertainment. Terra was considered too, as it evoked images of the land we actively engage in preserving. (It also got us wondering if Margaret Mitchell played a little joke on her Gone With the Wind readers by naming the O'Hara plantation Tara, and whether we could use the quote "…land is the only thing in the world worth workin' for, because it's the only thing that lasts" as our motto.)
These names, however, were considered too obscure and indistinct for our new venture. We needed something that was both stately and strong, and readily recognizable…and so we settled on Hickory.
(As for Knolls, well… Our natural area is a wonderful example of glacial topography. Yet none of the glacial formations there had names that see everyday use. Hickory Kame? Hickory Moraine? Hickory Pothole Wetlands? No, nope and no way, in that order. And since Hickory Hills was already a suburb, Hickory Knolls we became.)
Several times over the years I've written about the shagbark hickory and its many fine qualities. It's one-half of the oft-cited oak-hickory forest, the dominant deciduous forest type in eastern North America. Its fruit is a buttery-flavored nut that's high in fat, which is good news for foraging herbivores and omnivores. Its bark that's o-so-shaggy provides all sorts of shelter and hidey-spaces for arthropods like insects and spiders as well as the occasional bat.
Looking at the tree from a purely human perspective, its wood is tough yet flexible and makes great tool handles. And wagon wheels, if you're old school. It puts out lots of heat when burned and its smoke flavors bacon, hams and more.
But to me, purely human that I am, the hickory's finest attribute is one that's just starting to appear in our woods: the unfurling of this year's leaves.
I know it doesn't sound spectacular but when you see the opening buds in person, you'll change your mind in an instant. In fact you might even mistake them for some sort of exotic blooms-especially if you see them up close. (True story: One of the photos under consideration for this column was perfect in every way, except it was vertical and we needed a horizontal format. Oh, and it was mislabeled "Azalea.")
The shagbark's pinkish or reddish bud scales curl back in a fashion reminiscent of a Turk's cap lily. At the center stand the yet-to-expand compound leaves of the tree, exhibiting hues from red and orange to yellow and green. Zowee!
If you'd like to see the opening buds of Hickory Knolls' namesake trees, you'd better hurry. Their presence is fleeting, and their next appearance won't be for another year. But if you get here and they're gone, no worries. The other half of our name is pretty cool too-and they've been here since the last Ice Age!


Well HELLO & HAPPY SUNDAY, 'Fetti Fans!
We are thrilled to continue the COUNTDOWN TO CONFETTI today and we inch closer and closer to the January 8th release. This release is *just lovely* with lots of great goodies for Valentines Day and beyond.
The tag is the DASHED LINE TAG that we released at the end of last year and it is cut from LEAD, PREMIER POLAR WHITE, PIGGY BANK and FLAMINGO cardstock. From there I layered the critter images (colored with Copics) and a heart from the new PATTERNED HEARTS set. The sentiment is stamped in MIDNIGHT ink on PREMIER POLAR WHITE cardstock and adhered directly to the bottom of the tag.
These are all attached to mini kraft bags that I think that I picked up at Michael's (not sure bc they were in a huge stash of random stuff). I stuffed each with goodies and topped with striped tissue paper (Target, I think) and attached the tag with a small clothespin. Each of the tags has twine and 2 of them also have some tulle, as well.
I can't wait to give these to the kiddos (and 2 of their friends, probably) for Valentines Day!
As you can see from the image above, the bear's "hands" are also cut (around" so that he (she??) is able to hold a variety of objects. Needless to say, there are so many possibilities with this set!
This card measures 4.25" square. The frame on the outside edge is from the STITCHED SQUARES Confetti Cuts die set and is cut from ICED AQUA cardstock. The main image panel is die cut with the new DIAGONAL STITCHES COVER PANEL Confetti Cuts (from PREMIER POLAR WHITE cardstock).
From there, I layered the grassy hill (NUTS ABOUT YOU Confetti Cuts/LIME GREEN cardstock) and added sentiment panel and the bear (colored with Copics) holding the mug.
The sun and clouds are from the WEATHER IT TOGETHER set and they are mounted on top of a heart (cut from FLAMINGO cardstock) from the new PATTERNED HEARTS Confetti Cuts die set.
Oh my gosh! I want ALL the critters!!! I especially love your big bear card with the heart and felt cloud.
So adorable – all of them! Great new release!
I'm excited about these adorable new products for Valentine's projects!
That Big Bear captured my heart…and all of the other little critters are just adorable, too!
Amazing Cards! I love the bears!
Thanks so much for the giveaway! Keep up the great work.
What a fun release! Thank you!
These are really adorable! I love the heart pals, and how well they all mix and match together! Fun set!


As the season reached the halfway point, Broadstairs 1st XI suffered just their third defeat of the season as they struggled to cope with the star-studded bowling attack to the hosts, Folkestone CC.
With Kent professionals Mitch Claydon opening the bowling attack, Chris Flint and Elliot Fox got the Broadstairs innings off to a solid start, reaching the respectable score of 36-0 off the first 10 overs. However, the tide turned when James Tredwell, Andy Allon and Craig Colemen replaced the opening bowlers and run-scoring opportunities seemed to vanish. When Fox was dismissed(13) playing-on to a delivery from Tredwell, Isaac Dilkes came to the crease and he and Flint worked hard to try to take the innings forward.
However, when Flint (34) was dismissed, the score had just crept to 57 and remained there with the fall of two further wickets – Dilkes (5) and Swaroop Dasari (0). Three further wickets (Jack Wheeler, Alfie Huntley and Sam Winsor) fell in quick succession and the visitors had to rely upon the partnership of Scott Narraway (20) and Matthew Frewin (13) to bring some respectability to their total, moving the score onto 95-7.
However, a second mini-collapse followed and Broadstairs finished all-out for 106, with more the 6 overs remaining of the possible 50.
Although it was clear that something remarkable would need to happen for the visitors to defend such a low total, there was some hope when Jamie Dewell removed both opening batsmen with the score on 15-2. However, the second dismissal brought Tredwell to the crease who was not going to let victory slip away. Although Folkestone were to lose one more wicket, courtesy of Frewin, they cruised to victory in the 24th over.
The defeat means that Broadstairs now find themselves in 5th place in Division 2, only 10 points behind the leaders. With the top two teams playing each other next week and Broadstairs away to fellow challengers Upchurch, a return to winning ways provide a major boost to their promotion hopes.


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0% p.a. on balances transferred for 6 months when requested at the time of application.
The 25.99% p.a. interest rate on purchases and cash advances is comparatively high.
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There are simple statements which make it easy to understand. They are very honest and up front about fees and charges. The only issue I would have is the monthly fee. I think being charged a fee to make a payment is a bit absurd when you already pay a monthly fee.
Lombard offer a card that has six months interest free if you spend $250 or more. This is fantastic, giving the consumer the flexibility to pay the card off over several months, or sooner, whichever suits. They contact you by SMS to remind you that a payment is coming up, and have been polite whenever I've had reason to call.
I purchased a ride on lawnmower at a low interest rate with this card, then they offered me twelve months interest-free on balance transfers after only being with them a short while.
They have been easy to deal with with and there's fantastic customer service. I would recommend them to my friends and family.
Balance transfers 0% p.a. 6 months None N/A 25.99% p.a.
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How Long Does it Take to Travel From Northern to Southern Italy?
How Do I Plan a Road Trip From New York to Florida?
Nestled in the low country of the southeastern seaboard, South Carolina enjoys a rich history, from the early settlement of Beaufort to the beginning of the Civil War at Fort Sumter in Charleston. Myrtle Beach and Hilton Head Island provide beach-filled respites in the warmer months. Before you take your road trip to the Palmetto State, you should plan out your route, lodging needs and tourist desires.
Select a route based on your travel preferences. If you're focused on getting there quickly, you should plan to take interstates. Major interstates leading into South Carolina include I-20, I-26 and I-95. If you're in no rush and want to enjoy the sights, look for more scenic and less traveled roads along parts of your route.
Book a hotel once you map your route if your trip will take multiple days. You can also just wing it if you're within a day or so of the state. You won't find many remote locations in the eastern United States, as you would in the West, without a reputable hotel within a few miles, so you can just look for one along the way.
Research tourist destinations both in South Carolina and along the route. A good place to start in the state is the South Carolina Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism website (discoversouthcarolina.com), which lists attractions near major destinations.
Check for road closings due to roadwork or inclement weather before you depart. Visit the Federal Highway Administration website's traffic information page (fhwa.dot.gov/trafficinfo) and click on states between your beginning point and South Carolina to look for possible impediments.
You can also use road trip planning software or websites such as the All-American Road Trip (planyourroadtrip.com) to help you choose your course.
What Cities Have a Tundra?


The Basics of Personal Injury Settlements, The Process of Receiving a Settlement, Filing a Personal Injury Claim | Miller, Pitt, Feldman & McAnally, P.C.
There are a few common misconceptions about filing a personal injury claim. Many people fear the anxiety of presenting their case before a jury or judge in a big courtroom; however, most personal injury cases are not resolved in this way. In fact, the majority of personal injury cases end in a settlement.
If you are considering filing a personal injury suit, it is important that you have an experienced attorney who can defend your case. Contact the Tucson, Phoenix, and Flagstaff personal injury lawyers of Miller, Pitt, Feldman & McAnally, P.C. to discuss your legal options.
In order to win a settlement, there is a standard process which a claimant must complete.
First, the claimant must meet with an attorney who is willing to take on his or her case. After an initial consultation, the attorney will help you file a claim against the opposing party. This grants the defendant the opportunity to seek legal representation, as well.
The second stage of the process is called discovery. During this time, each side will begin investigating the case for evidence which supports their argument. Relevant evidence may include medical bills, expert testimonies, and eyewitnesses.
During the final stage of this process, settlements are negotiated. After all evidence has been gathered, one party will determine a monetary sum which they consider to be appropriate compensation for the claimant's injuries. If this sum satisfies both parties, the case is settled; however, if one party is unsatisfied, they will renegotiate the sum. In the event that a compromise cannot be reached, the case may go to trial.


Bradley Cooper caused a stir when he made a surprise appearance at the Tom Ford London Fashion Week show on Monday.
The actor was sat next to Vogue US Editor-In-Chief Anna Wintour on the front row as the pair watched Ford's Womenswear Spring/Summer 2015 collection.
The 39-year-old's appearance at the show came as a surprise after he failed to show at girlfriend Suki Waterhouse's big moment as she closed the Burberry Prorsum collection earlier that day.
As Bradley was checking out Ford's new collection, Suki was across town at Claridges getting glammed up for a night of partying hopping with model pals Cara and Poppy Delevingne.
The actor's attendance at Burberry caused quite a stir on Twitter with fashionistas posting photos of him online.
Onlookers said the actor found it a struggle to leave the show as fans tried to get close to the Hollywood heart-throb.
Bradley and Suki haven't been pictured together for five weeks, despite both being in London most of the time.
The actor has been filming director John Wells' yet to be titled new film project in the capital over the past couple of weeks.
His work schedule meant Bradley was notably absent when Suki joined pals Cara and Clara Paget on a yacht in Ibiza in August.
They were last spotted together on a night out at the Chiltern Firehouse on August 9, where Bradley has since returned in recent weeks for evenings with his mother Gloria and his close pal Gerard Butler.
Suki and Bradley started dating in February 2013 after meeting at the Elle Style Awards, but often spend weeks apart due to their busy schedules and the different continents they call home.
Their relationship initially raised eyebrows due to their 17 year age difference, soon after he had dismissed romance rumours with his co-star Jennifer Lawrence, who is two years older than Suki.
He famously described dating Jennifer as inappropriate because 'I could literally be her father' just a few weeks before meeting Suki.
Bradley's appearance at the Tom Ford show comes after he chose to wear the designer's label at the Met Gala in May this year.


text:
UNM students see and feel Putin's war on Ukraine
By Jeanette Kastrup / NM News Port
The Russian invasion of Ukraine started on February 23. Since then it's been a big topic on social media and billions of people are following the situation closely.
I set out to discover what UNM students know about the conflict.
Outside the SUB, psychology student Elena told me she doesn't know much about the reasons behind the conflict, but she's still following the situation on TikTok.
"I've seen people in bomb shelters documenting their average life living in Ukraine, and it's really sad to see," she said.
Some of the videos on TikTok are horrifying to watch. You see bombs hitting buildings, open fires on streets and families fleeing for their lives — things you'd never imagine in 2022.
But this also makes social media an important factor for our understanding and awareness of what's going on across the globe.
"I think seeing it from that perspective is very interesting, because in previous world conflicts there wasn't social media to see these firsthand accounts," said Christa, a biology student, speaking outside Zimmerman Library. "So I think growing up now to see it online thousands of miles away, that's very interesting."
As I make my way through campus, approaching students to ask about the conflict, I realize that a lot of students find it difficult to talk about.
Everyone's well-aware of NATO's role in the conflict, and most students are worried about what comes next.
"There's videos of Ukraine's President asking for help and food and stuff like that, said theater-student Mia. "I feel like American companies should give food or donate money to Ukraine, but at the same time, double-edged sword, that's asking for them to start war on us."
But that's worst case scenario. And for now, we can only wait – and watch – as social media keeps us updated.
Listen to Jeanette speaking with these UNM students in this audio version of the report.
Published April 7, 2022 By NM News-Port
Categorized as New Mexico Voices, UNM Community
What's up, what's down at Gravity Bound
VeneKlasen: keeping New Mexico wild


When you want the best equipment in your facility, choose the Body Sport brand. Like our other fitness products, our Studio Series Exercise Balls are sure to please you — and your clientele. Built to last, even in a demanding environment like a busy health club, our professional Exercise Balls are exactly what you'd expect from Body Sport — with a few extras. Each Exercise Ball comes with a unique label that displays the size, recommended user height, and allows facilities and trainers to track when a ball was placed into service. Body Sport's professional Exercise Balls have a gently ridged surface to promote secure gripping, as well as slow air deflation. Made in charcoal grey, Studio Exercise Balls come in several sizes: 45 cm (4' 7" - 5' 0"), 55 cm (5' 1" - 5' 6"), 65 cm (5' 7" - 6' 1"), and 75 cm (6' 2" - 6' 8").
Comes with 2 plugs, plug removal tool and measuring tool.


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Luxembourg technology powers unique water treatment plant in Sweden
Facing a lack of drinking water, the Swedish municipality of Mörbylånga has invested in a pioneering water treatment plant. The plant's ability to treat different streams of water, including pre-treated industrial water, is made possibly by technology provided by Luxembourg cleantech innovator APATEQ.
Luxembourg launches open source data lake for space analytics
As of 10 July 2019, Luxembourg is home to one of the world's largest data lakes for space data analytics. Spire Global, one of the world's largest space-to-cloud analytics companies, launches its open source data lake that is accessible free of charge to all start-ups, research institutes and public agencies in Luxembourg. The initiative is co-funded by the Luxembourg Space Agency.
Fit 4 Start goes into space
For the first time since its launch in 2015, the acceleration programme for innovative companies managed by Luxinnovation offers tailor-made support to five start-ups active in the space sector. The selected companies will be able to access Earth observation data provided by the Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) data centre.
Luxembourg less expensive than nearby European centres
Luxembourg ranks 84th on Mercer's 2019 Cost of Living City Ranking, well behind European neighbours such as London (23rd), Paris (47th), Frankfurt (74th) or Brussels (77th).
Discover Luxembourg with #GuideForOneDay
Would you like to discover new aspects of Luxembourg with people sharing their passions and hidden gems? From 29 June to 15 September, volunteers are offering original guided tours to their favourite places under the initiative #GuideForOneDay.
Born from the desire of Luxembourg's industry to develop skills in the field of composites, Composite Industry Luxembourg (CIL), hosted by Luxinnovation, responds to a need originating from companies in the materials sector. CIL aims to strengthen the development of new innovative concepts.
Luxembourg to process big data for improved road safety
In June 2019, the EU Data Task force launched "Data for Road Safety", a 12-month proof of concept designed to improve road safety by sharing data generated by vehicles and infrastructure between countries and manufacturers. Luxembourg will manage, process and aggregate big data to be used for issuing safety-relevant traffic information to road users.
Luxembourg has Europe's most attractive research system
Luxembourg's overall innovation performance ranks 5th in the 2019 edition of the EU's European Innovation Scoreboard. The country comes out on top in the sub-category Attractive research systems.
Luxembourg at the heart of Japan Expo
For two years, Japan Expo, the largest European meeting place for Japanese cultural enthusiasts, has been calling on a Luxembourg start-up to create and run the official stand of the event.
Very convincing start-ups recognised at the Fintech Awards
The 4th edition of the Fintech Awards recognised the Luxembourg start-up Tokeny, which uses blockchain to issue security tokens. Microinsurance, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence were also highlighted in a pitch competition which was impressive for its quality.
Ujet-MTX: a connected collaboration
Ujet has partnered with mobile solutions provider MTX Connect in order to give a new dimension to its electric scooters. Through this partnership, the scooters will soon have the same connectivity configuration everywhere, regardless of the geographical area in which they are located.
Anote, music and new technologies
The start-up ANote, which proposes to link financial markets and the music industry using blockchain, won the Luxinnovation special prize at the ICT Spring Pitch Your Startup competition in May.
Luxembourg ranks 2nd in EU for digital connectivity
According to the EU's 2019 Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), Luxembourg ranks among the top 3 EU countries in digital connectivity as well as in human resources.
Thales Alenia Space to create a Digital Centre of Excellence in Luxembourg
The Digital Centre of Excellence that Thales Alenia Space will set up in Luxembourg will focus on the development of highly innovative digital solutions for space telecommunications and observation products. A Letter of Intent with the Luxembourg Ministry of the Economy was signed on 18 June 2019.
Luxembourg supercomputer Meluxina will support digital transformation
The future high performance computer (HPC) will be part of the European HPC network, EuroHPC.
Euro-Composites will invest €160 million in Luxembourg
Composite materials specialist Euro-Composites will invest €160 million in its Luxembourg site in Echternach. The investment programme is supported by the government, the town of Echternach and the state-owned bank Société nationale de crédit et d'investissement (SNCI).
Luxembourg will host world-class high performance computer
Luxembourg has been selected to host one of the high performance computers set up under the aegis of the European High Performance Computing Joint Undertaking (EuroHPC). The Luxembourg supercomputer will primarily be used to meet business needs, in particular those of SMEs and start-ups.
Luxembourg logistics solutions showcased at Transport Logistic fair
Ideally located in-between several major European consumer markets, Luxembourg provides global companies with many strategic advantages for conducting their business in, from and to Europe. These advantages, as well as developments to further enhance the competitiveness of the country's logistics solutions, were highlighted at the Transport Logistic fair in Munich on 4-7 June 2019.
Luxembourg Space Agency publishes new space directory
The 2019 Space Directory published by the Luxembourg Space Agency provides an up-to-date and in-depth picture of the space industry in Luxembourg today and invites potential partners from abroad to explore the rich potential for research and business relationships.
House of Startups: one year and lots of projects in the pipeline
Last June, the Chamber of Commerce opened the House of Startups. Spread over 5,000 m2 and five floors and occupied by four incubators and innovation hubs, it now hosts more than 100 start-ups.
The smart, sustainable cities of the future
According to the United Nations, 60% of the world's population will live in cities in 2030. Developing smart and sustainable technologies in areas such as mobility, energy use and waste management is not an option but a necessity.
Luxembourg 12th most competitive economy
The IMD World Competitiveness Ranking 2019 classifies Luxembourg as the 12th most competitive economy in the world. The country ranks particularly high in terms of economic performance.
Luxembourg 7th most resilient economy
Luxembourg ranks 7th in the recently published 2019 Global Resilience Index. In the sub-category of economic resilience, the country comes out 2nd among the 130 countries studied.
Stimulating cleantech business from Scandinavia
Developing the clean technologies sector is a priority in Luxembourg, and the country is keen to learn from the best. Luxinnovation has set up a partnership with Cleantech Scandinavia in order to attract companies and technologies from the Nordic countries that are among the world leaders in this field.
G-Core Labs: A Luxembourg HQ for global expansion
In 2014, G-Core Labs, a global cloud and edge leader in content delivery, hosting and security solutions for any business, decided to move its headquarters to Luxembourg. Attracted by the country's outstanding IT infrastructure and excellent business climate, the company considers it as the perfect location for orchestrating its international expansion.
ArcelorMittal and Ceratizit granted access to university supercomputer
The University of Luxembourg has granted two Luxembourg-based businesses, ArcelorMittal and Ceratizit, access to its high performance computer (HPC). The companies will use the HPC capacities to perform numerical analyses and deploy advanced numerical models.
Digitisation for the benefit of businesses and citizens
Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and Deputy Prime Minister Etienne Schneider teamed up this Friday to present political guidelines for both artificial intelligence and for the ongoing digitisation of priority economic sectors.
Two Luxembourg co-productions awarded at Cannes Film Festival
Luxembourg was well represented at this year's edition of the Cannes Film Festival with four films competing for awards. Two of them won prizes in the "Un certain regard" selection.
Luxembourg will host the 2020 Cleantech Forum Europe
Luxembourg has been selected to host the 2020 edition of the Cleantech Forum Europe, a major international event in the field of clean technologies. The forum will provide excellent opportunities for the exchange of ideas on the latest cleantech trends with leading stakeholders from all over Europe. It will also showcase Luxembourg's most dynamic organisations and projects in the field.
Luxembourg launches LSA Data Center to promote access to space data
During the Space Forum 2019, Marc Serres, CEO of the Luxembourg Space Agency, announced the creation of the Luxembourg Space Agency (LSA) Data Center, to support businesses in Luxembourg with reliable, fast and intuitive access to data streams from the European Copernicus Earth Observation programme.
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NOVAXION has developped an application oriented software named GlassTool dedicated to the robotized glass gathering.
It is based on the Teach Pendant Editor (TPE) programming language of the FANUC R30iA controller.
The main aim of the GlassTool software is to control the execution of a TPE program, but also the display and the updating of its parameters.
an array of the parameters linked to the TPE program (coordinates, ball speeds and temporizing phases).
During the running phase, the TPE program calls the BALL and TEMP modules thanks to a CALL statement, in order to drive respectively either the ball rotational movement, or a temporizing phase.
The display of the parameters concerning the rotational phase (speed and/or the number of revolutions), the temporizing phase (timers) and the points coordinates is possible at any time; these parameters can be modified during the teaching mode as during the automatic cycle.
GlassTool conversational software can be translated in any language such as Spanish, Italian, German, Japanese and also Chinese.
Novaxion : Mass Production For Ball-Gatherer Robots !


It is time the Pacific people critically re-examine their history and the rich resources embedded in all island cultures' core understanding of what it means to be a Pacific Islander.
The message comes from leading Samoan Theologian and Scholar, Reverend Dr. Upolu Lumā Vaai. In Fiji, he recently launched the books, Relational Hermeneutics: Decolonising the Mindset and the Pacific Itulagi and the The Relational Self: Decolonising Personhood in the Pacific at the Pacific Theological College in Suva.
The books are essential on the Pacific rethinking and decolonization agenda.
Dr. Vaai is the Associate Professor and Head of Theology and Ethics at the Pacific Theological College in Suva.
The first book The Relational Self: Decolonising Personhood in the Pacific was edited by Dr. Vaai and Prof. Unaisi Nabobo-Baba from the University of Guam with the Foreword written by His Highness Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Ta'isi Efi (read Tui Atua's foreword on page 7).
The book was launched by Prof. Konai Helu Thaman of the University of the South Pacific, and one of the icons of rethinking education in the Pacific.
The second book is Relational Hermeneutics: Decolonising the Mindset and the Pacific Itulagi, edited by Dr. Vaai and Aisake Casimira, the director of the Institute for Mission and Research at the Pacific Theological College. This book was launched by Prof. Bill Ashcroft of the University of New South Wales and also one of the known and recognised founders of postcolonial theory.
"Both books are part of the 'relational renaissance series' in an effort to respond to the challenges confronting island societies today by re-examining the rich resources embedded in all island cultures' core relational/interconnected understanding of what it means to be a Pacific islander," Dr. Vaai said.
"From the perspectives of their diverse disciplines and cultures, the authors from diverse cultures and academic disciplines reframe the quest for decolonization by deconstructing the non-relational understandings of our mindsets that are the legacy of colonization and reconstructing a 'relational renaissance' of Pacific values that can empower Pacific Islanders to be agents of decolonization.
"By rediscovering the foundational Pacific understanding of relationality that govern and encompass all of life in the Pacific itulagi (lifeworld), the authors offer an alternative to the dominant colonial neo-liberal capitalist paradigm of 'development' that benefit only a few at the expense of many, fracturing the harmony and interconnectedness of life, and destroying and violating sacred spaces including the environment.
The two books are timely and are praised by not only academics in the Pacific and from around the world including Prof. Bradd Shore (US), Prof. Anthony Kelly (Aus), Prof. Orm Rush (Aus), Prof. Manulani Meyer (Hawaii), Prof. Cluny Macpherson (NZ), Associate Professor Katerina Teiawa (Aus), Prof. Konai Helu Thaman (Fiji), Prof. Bill Ashcroft (Aus), Associate Professor Graham Hassall (NZ), and Prof. Vidal Gilles (France) but also NGOs and civil societies around the Pacific in order to help with their development frameworks.
"The lies of colonization are the seeds of the empire, but the resilience of its victims is the seed of liberation. The nurturing ground of such resilience is the thought systems and the stories of the people," Dr. Va'ai said.
He said we as Pacific islanders needed to rewrite our story, a liberative story.
"This story is only a story if it 'includes all that is us'. In order to breathe life and hope, we have to 'unashamedly be Pacific'," Dr. Va'ai said.
"There is an increasing importance of rediscovering our relational thinking, relational values, and relational faith and cultures that shape our daily way of life in relation to other people, especially in relation to the environment, God's creation.
"This is in response to the many non-relational trends that are emerging in the West and in the Pacific as well. However we also have to make sure that these values and cultures have been twisted by our own people who are deeply shaped by the neo-liberal capitalist system to support their own personal agendas and greed for power and authority whether in the church, governments, villages, or institutions.
The launch was attended by heads of churches, representatives from tertiary institutions such as the University of the South Pacific, Fiji National University, St. Johns Theological College in Suva, South Pacific Associations of Theological Colleges, University of Fiji, University of Auckland, Australian Catholic University, as well as heads of NGOs and civil societies and representatives from regional forums.
Dr. Vaai added: "The next books in the series include the next one 'Relational Theology', then 'Pacific Indigenous Relational Philosophies', and lastly 'Pacific Relational Ethics.' I thank God for the relational cultures and values gifted to our Pacific island people.


text:
Liverpool University Press Blog
Liverpool University Press is the UK's 3rd oldest university press and one of its fastest growing publishers. We publish humanities and social sciences.
#LUP120
Transnational Spanish Studies
July 8, 2020 liverpooluniversitypressblog
By Catherine Davies and Rory O'Bryen
To describe a language such as Spanish as 'transnational' is stating the obvious. Today Spanish is the official language, de jure or de facto, of 21 countries. So why this title and what makes this book different from the many others focusing on global Spanishes? First of all, the book takes a long view by considering the idea of a 'transnational' Spanish long before the nineteenth-century invention of the nation-state. Second, in doing so, it makes strong connections between distinct and often disconnected areas of study in this extensive field of knowledge.
Reading about the development and spread of the language we know today as Spanish takes us on a journey from the Roman Empire, the Islamic caliphates, the European Habsburg and Bourbon Empires, the advent of nationalism in Europe, the political independence of the Americas, and the creation of the modern Spanish-speaking nation-states, through to our own globalised world of migrant populations, diasporas and digital communication. It's an exciting journey, a roller-coaster difficult to pack into one single volume. But read from cover to cover this book will give you an overview of the rich territory available to students for further exploration. Once you have grasped an understanding of the large-scale lie of the land, no matter how incomplete, tentative and invented this might be, you may then wish to concentrate on the small-scale details of the particular. To help you, like all the books in this series, Transnational Spanish Studies is divided into four sections (Language, Temporalities, Spatialities and Subjectivities), an Introduction and 12 individual chapters which present specific case studies. The chapters focus on the contact between Spanish and other languages such as Arabic and Quechua, the global scope of Hispanic cultures since the sixteenth-century and the making of the modern world, contemporary Hispanophone cultures in the Americas (consumerism, social media, artefacts, film, paintings and literature) and the ways in which individuals, who use and shape the language, express their sense of gender, race and class identities in written and visual culture.
The book will flag up huge gaps in our knowledge and the constant need to revisit accepted interpretations. Above all, it emphasises the fact that a language is inseparable from the cultures in which it is embedded, that our understandings are always liable to be contested, and that a language is never static but ever-changing, constantly on the move, reshaped and repositioned according to the situations and circumstances of the people who use it. Spanish, once the language of oppressed peasants and persecuted Christians, became the language of regal and imperial power, colonial control and even genocide. Today it is the language of global communication, pop lyrics and telenovelas in constant tension with English, a rival global language. This has resulted in the emergence of a new vernacular, 'Spanglish', a possible future language in its own right. The impact of the Spanish-speaking American and Caribbean migrant communities in the USA is immense. Today there are 64 million Spanish speakers in the USA, making the USA the second largest Spanish-speaking country in the world after Mexico.
The book will also make apparent the deficiencies of the labels often attributed to the study of the Hispanophone world and the many languages and cultures connected with it. Due to its geographical breadth and historical complexity, 'Hispanic' studies has always been an atypical discipline within Modern Languages, variously housed under 'Iberian', 'Spanish and Spanish American', 'Spanish and Latin American' studies, and internally distributed between 'Peninsularists', 'Latin Americanists', 'Golden Age specialists', 'Arabists' and so on. The recent transnational 'turn' has further unsettled these divisions, prompting engagements with the 'supranational' and 'trans-imperial' dimensions of the different Hispanophone cultures. At the same time, however, it could be argued that the new term 'Transnational Spanish Studies' makes an attempt to encompass these distinct areas of study under one heading and for this reason should be welcomed. 'Transnational', in its broadest sense, describes the languages and cultures of Spain (including Catalonia, Galicia, the Basque country and sometimes Portugal), Spanish America (North, Central and South America, parts of the USA and the Caribbean), the Spanish and Spanish-American global diasporas, and sometimes Islamic Al Andalus and pre-Colombian America.
We hope this book will demonstrate the extent to which the development of Spanish-language cultural products and practices, inseparable from their historical and political contexts, are and have always been translingual and transnational and as such have supplied much of the foundation of western modernity and globalization. The labels Hispanic/Spanish/Iberian, and Spanish/Latin America Studies will continue to be challenged by scholars, but this kind of fuzziness is something to be celebrated. Students should not be afraid to cross borders, even if it means honing skills in several languages and working through translations. We hope that reading this book will entice you to travel widely, to be curious, to enquire and to make your own contribution to our collective knowledge of such an exciting, multifarious field of study.
Transnational Spanish Studies is part of the Transnational Modern Languages series.
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If the Bible teaches us about the Noah Ark during the universal flooding, then it is here, in the Pacific Ocean, around the Hawaiian Islands. The impression of water, endless water, waves and still waters. Unforgettable, unrepeatable colors of the Pacific Ocean! Far-far-away is lying the horizon which one cannot dare even to think that it is possible to reach. The Pacific horizon is beckoning you as if the legendary Mermaid who is singing a beautiful melody invites you into her domain, un undersea world. Horizon feeling is irresistible: "Come, come closer to me. Pay a visit, my beloved friend. Be my best friend!" , such words are sounding in your head involuntary.
When winds are raging o'er the upper ocean and billows wild contend with angry roar, 'tis said, far down beneath the wild commotion that peaceful stillness reigns evermore. Far, far beneath, the noise of tempests dies, and silver waves chime ever peacefully, and there is no rude storm, fierce of which flies soaring and does not disturb your inner part immersing into the deeper sea of your own serenity.
Perhaps, after all, our best thoughts come when we are alone. At this point I want to stop myself. Alone, but we are together, me and Janko, both are sharing the Pacific tranquility without interfering into each other's thoughts. It is good to listen, not to voices but to the wind blowing, to the brook running cool over polished stones, to bees drowsy with the weight of pollen. If we attend to the music of the earth, we reach serenity. And then, in some unexpected way, we share it with each other first, later with others.
There is nothing so lovely and enduring in the regions which surround us , above and below, as the lasting peace of a mind centered in serenity. Paradise is where we are.
We are now in Honolulu, O'ahu on NCL "Pride of America", cruising around the Hawaiian Islands. Above the photo of the ship and us, Janko and me arriving for a trip, and its Master – captain Willian Buz Radigan and me, and aloha greeting from Hawaii.


COLLABORATE 14 is presented by three Oracle users groups - the Independent Oracle Users Group (IOUG), the Oracle Applications Users Group (OAUG), and Quest International Users Group (Quest). Located at the Venetian and Sands Expo Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, from April 7 to 11, COLLABORATE offers a mix of peer to peer interaction as well as the opportunity to gain insights from technology experts and Oracle strategists, solution providers, and consultants.
And - hear from the leadership of the users groups themselves - IOUG, OAUG, and Quest - about the extensive conference agendas they have planned.
And, for those who can't make it to Las Vegas, the IOUG is offering COLLABORATE 14 - IOUG Forum Virtual Conference 'Plug-in to Las Vegas,' offering virtual attendees the ability to choose from 40 streaming sessions across two tracks: Performance Tuning and Manageability.


There was no workout the third day of our Seattle trip; no, not a chance. Instead, there was chocolate, and lots of it!
But first, predictably, there was some more fighting for parking. I'm convinced that the only reason I didn't arrive in frustrated tears for our tour of Theo Chocolate was because I had a cup of really excellent coffee in my hand from Caffé Vita, and had eaten more than my fair share of a marionberry and peach muffin with it. (Marionberries! The former D.C. resident in me was amused at the thought of Washington's infamous former mayor, and the rest of me was just impressed by the PNW's produce selection.) But the parking gods smiled upon us at the last second, and we arrived at 10:29 a.m. for our 10:30 tour.
Hairnet securely fastened, I was immediately impressed by our theater professional/tour guide Tristan's ability to make me forget about how much I disliked driving in Seattle; he was armed with good humor and numerous chocolate samples, which may have helped. Between all of the tasting, a thorough explanation of cacao farming practices, and a walk-through of the factory floor and confectionery, the tour was one of the highlights of a trip stuffed full of highlights.
We met my brother for a farewell lunch at Paseo, toting our Caribbean roast pork and caramelized onion sandwiches away from the crowds to Fremont Peak Park. We ate quietly, blissfully distracted by our sandwiches and the view of the city, the water, and the mountains—a view that I can't imagine would ever get old. We split another chocolate bar, just because.
After hugging Jamie goodbye, we stopped into the Book Larder to peruse their vast selection of cookbooks, buying one for a friend's birthday and another to keep for ourselves. I was blown away at the breadth and depth of their library, but was glad I hadn't gone in hungry; flipping through glossy pages plastered with tantalizing photos of grilled meats and ice cream cones wouldn't have helped the cause.
For the rest of the day, we headed off to Ballard, the last neighborhood we wanted to tour before leaving the city. We started at the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks, which connect the Puget Sound to inland freshwater lakes, and spent a good long time breathing in the salty air and watching salmon pass through the fish ladder.
I'd promised Dan a belated birthday dinner at The Walrus and the Carpenter, where he could try the first insanely fresh oyster of his young adult life. We lined up right before the doors opened for dinner service, and by the time we had glasses of vinho verde in hand, the place was full, buzzing with the laid-back, lively chatter of a really good dinner party. Icy oysters were followed by a carrot salad with honey and hazelnuts; then buttery, tender scallop tartare with an airy dill mousse; then spicy fried oysters that seared off the roof of my mouth; then steak tartare topped, terrifyingly and deliciously, with a raw egg yolk; then a wedge of cheddar cheese nestled among vinegar-preserved cherries; and finally, a white flag. We walked around the cute little record and poster shops of Market Street and Ballard Avenue for hours while we digested, dangerously near comatose.
In retrospect, I'm pretty sure I had some sort of death wish when I made us get a molten chocolate-peanut butter cake from Hot Cakes to eat while we watched the sun set from the beach at Golden Gardens. But I'm glad we ended up there, watching the sun dip behind the mountains, listening to the beats emanating from an amateurish drum circle and spooning warm bites of half-baked cake batter and ice cream into our mouths (until it got too chilly to stay, and we drove on to Chuck's Hop Shop to buy beer). Because really, is there any better way to watch a sunset?


Developing a document without recognizing the style makes us really confused and asks whether the paper we made is right?
to ensure that you are helped in servicing the papers that you will produce.
There are different styles that are all correct, you could select one amongst numerous formats as well as layouts from the image below. If you assume the layout of the paper style is not fascinating you could search for various other styles in this post.
uploading is interesting, you can share it on social media to ensure that your close friends can learn.


for Los Gatos CA homes and Los Gatos homes for sale.
Here are companies with Los Gatos homes for sale, homes, land, condominiums, etc.
Homes for sale, Los Gatos, California. Los Gatos multiple listing service. Los Gatos Real estate listings; sales, rentals, vacation, Los Gatos commercial, Los Gatos leases, trades,condominiums. Los Gatos MLS listings, company listings, real estate information, Los Gatos seller, buyer, renter. Real estate sales, Los Gatos. Real estate purchases, Los Gatos real estate, real estate commercial Los Gatos, real estate investment, real estate leases Los Gatos, real estate trade Los Gatos. Everyone looks at homes to buy near the beach or not. Los Gatos real estate search mls, real estate listings with pictures. Homes for sale in California. We have looked for the web sitesof agents and brokers, then we visit them and link to those sites that are really owned and operated by an agent broker or company. Homes are a good investment. Addresses available, real estate in Los Gatos, 1031, real estate for sale, home equity, poor credit, loans self directed ira, home equity loan, bad credit, 1031 tax exchange, ira, credit, refinance, mortgage lenders, mortgages. Some are even water front and water view.


text:
int main(int, char* argv[])
{
   namespace ranges = std::experimental::ranges;
   using ranges::Regular;
   Regular article = amcpp::from_file<std::string>(argv[1]);

   Regular first = ranges::find_if(article, [](const Regular i) {
      return 'A' <= i && i <= 'Z'; });
   Regular last = ranges::find_if(ranges::next(first), ranges::end(article),
      [](const Regular i) {
         return ('0' <= i && i <= '9') || ('A' <= i && i <= 'F') || ('a' <= i && i <= 'f'); });
   if (last != ranges::end(article))
      ++last;
   ranges::copy(first, last, ranges::ostream_iterator<char>{std::cout});
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub