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Xinjiang Uyghur propaganda mirrors NATO's Yugoslavia narratives
"The aim of propaganda was to split up Yugoslavia," confessed former CIA agent Robert Baer in 2015. "I arrived in Sarajevo for the first time on the 12th of January 1991. I came by helicopter with three other agents. Our task was to observe Serbian terrorists who were supposed to attack the city. We got the information that there will be a number of terrorist attacks in the city due to the intention of B&H to withdraw from the former Yugoslavia. But that was a lie, our bosses had lied to us. Our primary task was to spread panic that there would be attacks among politicians."
These disinformation efforts, which mirrored the CIA lies from just two years prior about how Chinese Minister Li Peng had been shot and how Deng Xiaoping was close to death, were even more effective than Washington's efforts to manufacture destabilization surrounding Tiananmen Square. The 1989 "pro-democracy" protests in China, which were fully backed by the forces of counterrevolution, only brought the imperialists a dishonest (if widely effective) propaganda story about there having been a "massacre" by the PLA. The Yugoslavia propaganda brought the imperialists an actual reshaping of the geopolitical landscape, one that destroyed Europe's last bastion of socialism and allowed neoliberal shock policies to bedevil a splintered Yugoslavia.
This was because after the failure of their counterrevolutionary attempt in China, the imperialists seemingly learned to add an extra element to their destabilization propaganda within Yugoslavia: ethnic hatred. It wasn't enough for the CIA to get the nation's people to believe their government was falling apart. The CIA also had to convince the masses that their very nation wasn't worth defending, that the region's contradictions between ethnicities were too severe for the borders to be able to continue to exist as they had prior. They had to convince Yugoslavians to despise each other.
This is how you kill a nation: by manipulating its people into believing that their fellow community members of differing ethnic backgrounds have committed unforgivable transgressions, and therefore must be dehumanized and killed. It's the route the imperialists are taking in African countries like Ethiopia, where Washington is trying to incite civil war by backing a resurgence of the Tigray terrorist organization the TPLF (which the U.S. unsurprisingly refuses to even classify as a terrorist group). It's what they're doing in central Eurasia, where Washington has been similarly enabling the rise of the Uyghur ethnic nationalist terrorist organization the ETIM (which was suspiciously taken off the U.S. terrorist watch list last year).
To understand why we shouldn't trust what the U.S. media is saying about Ethiopia, the Uyghurs, and other topics, we can simply look to Yugoslavia. It's where, as the title of Michael Parenti's book says, the imperialists managed "To Kill a Nation." As writer Dragan Plavsic summarizes Parenti's analysis of the charges of a Bosnian "genocide":
Chomsky's and Parenti's attentions [after exposing contradictions in U.S. foreign policy] then turn to the Kosovo war itself. Their target is the claim that it was fought to prevent the mass ethnic cleansing of the Albanians by the Serb authorities. Parenti first debunks the myth that what was happening in Kosovo before the war was genocide. He quotes George Kenney, US policy adviser on the Balkans under the administration of Bush Sr: 'The US government doesn't have any proof of any genocide and anyone reading the press critically can see the paucity of the evidence, despite interminably repeated claims and bloodcurdling speculation.' Parenti notes that there were plundering and summary executions by Serb paramilitaries, but rightly concludes that this was 'indicative of a limited counter-insurgency' typical of many conflicts across the globe.
Plavsic goes on to heavily criticize Parenti's analysis on socialist Yugoslavia, charging that Yugoslavia was not socialist at all but a counterrevolutionary capitalist state. This narrative is just another instance of the tendency among Trotskyists like Plavsic to portray existing socialist states as illegitimate; Plavsic admits that the Serbian opposition, which according to Plavsic represented the true will of the people, had a "commitment to a free-market economy… [and] funding received from abroad, above all from the US." It's easy for Plavsic to decry Milošević's repression of this opposition. But for an anti-U.S. head of state in the midst of a cold war which Washington was effectively continuing in Yugoslavia even after the Soviet Union's fall, a strong security state was a practical necessity.
As Parenti has said about sectarians like Plavsic, it's "No surprise then that the pure socialists support every revolution except for the ones that succeed." And their exaggerated critiques of these successful revolutions assist the imperialists in spinning nation-destroying narratives.
As Parenti rightly concludes, the "Bosnian genocide" was not a genocide anymore than Milošević was a counterrevolutionary. It was an instance of wartime atrocities that were shared by the other sides in the Balkan conflict as well as by countless other forces. These atrocities were elevated to a "genocide" in the imperialist imagination, and were portrayed in this way only when it came to one side, purely because NATO had an interest in Balkanizing the nation. And that the side which became targeted with this absurd distortion was the side of the socialist leader Slobodan Milošević is entirely predictable.
The charge that Milošević "helped foment discontent between Serbians in Bosnia and Croatia and their Croatian, Bosniak and Albanian neighbors," as History Channel claims, also loses weight in light of the story's full context. Whatever criticisms can be made of Milošević's nationalist rhetoric, the main ones who fomented these ethnic tensions were the imperialists. As Parenti writes:
One of the great deceptions, notes Joan Phillips, is that "those who are mainly responsible for the bloodshed in Yugoslavia — not the Serbs, Croats or Muslims, but the Western powers — are depicted as saviors." While pretending to work for harmony, U.S. leaders supported the most divisive, reactionary forces from Croatia to Kosovo. In Croatia, the West's man-of-the-hour was Franjo Tudjman, who claimed in a book he authored in 1989, that "the establishment of Hitler's new European order can be justified by the need to be rid of the Jews," and that only 900,000 Jews, not six million, were killed in the Hlocaust. Tudjman's government adopted the fascist Ustasha checkered flag and anthem. Tudjman presided over the forced evacuation of over half a million Serbs from Croatia between 1991 and 1995, replete with rapes and summary executions…
In Bosnia, U.S. leaders supported the Muslim fundamentalist, Alija Izetbegovic, an active Nazi in his youth, who has called for strict religious control over the media and now wants to establish an Islamic Bosnian republic. Izetbegovic himself does not have the support of most Bosnian Muslims. He was decisively outpolled in his bid for the presidency yet managed to take over that office by cutting a mysterious deal with frontrunner Fikret Abdic.
But these efforts to manufacture ethnic tensions went far beyond installing racist leaders. Again, the imperialists weren't there merely to change a political system, they were there to kill a nation. And this required poisoning the minds of the masses, required persuading them to hate and fear their own relatives and neighbors. The Balkanization process had to extend not just into the ruling institutions, but into the very psyches of those who got their futures ripped away from them. It had to be so much crueler, so much more personal, than simply a series of coups.
As anti-imperialist Balkans afficianado Julien Philippe has assessed in response to the Quora question of "Why is there so much hatred of the Serbs and Serbia on Quora," there's been a concerted, decades-long campaign to vilify the Serbs. One that's gone hand in hand with NATO's dismemberment of Yugoslavian socialism:
Imagine a Europe in which: the former local puppets of Austria-Hungary in WW1 and of the Third Reich in WW2, aka. the Croatian nationalists, later Bosnian Muslims nostalgic of the Ottoman times and sympathetic to Serbophobia, later Kosovo Albanians, and even later Montenegrin nationalists would try to secede from Yugoslavia, and embark with them more than 2,500,000 Serbs against their will…[with] propaganda calling upon the most noble values (freedom, democracy, human rights, pacification) in order to disguise these moves into positive policies aiming at bringing those values into Yugoslavia…the former allies and foes of both World-Wars allied against the Serbs, and the local puppets of the "foes" & losers of WW1 and WW2 were granted everything achievable out of destroying Yugoslavia, while the Serbs, aggressed parties and yet victors of both WW1 and WW2, were taken from them everything except central-Serbia and Vojvodina…Meanwhile, numerous foreigners, heavily brainwashed by the U.S/German/NATO war-propaganda of the 90s and post-war propaganda to legitimate retroactively those deeds, are taking their side, for they don't know better and are too dumb to see through the whole shenanigan anyway.
You could say this is just Philippe's opinion. And full disclosure, I just quoted a statement from within a forum, not from within a book. But it's an entirely correct statement, one supported by those close to the events it discusses. How much should an opinion be doubted when it has the verification of a CIA agent who was involved in the Yugoslavia operations? Baer, who the Sarajevo Times reports concluded his confession by urging "people of the Balkans not to hate each other and to forget the past, which was just part of one great show," backed up his statement by confirming the narrative manipulations alleged by Parenti and Philippe.
In a WebTribune interview on the psychological operations he describes, he explicitly admits that the CIA deliberately inflamed Serbophobia—a type of bigotry which Western intellectuals typically dismiss as nothing more than Serbian propaganda. But as Baer states, Serbophobia was and is real:
Many CIA agents and senior officers disappeared simply because they refused to conduct propaganda against the Serbs in Yugoslavia. Personally I was shocked at the dose of lies being fed from our agencies and politicians! Many CIA agents were directing propaganda without being aware of what they were doing. Everyone knew just a fraction of the story and only the one who created the whole story knew the background – they are [the] politicians.
In response to the question of "So there was only propaganda against the Serbs," he answers:
Yes and no. The aim of the propaganda was to divide the republics so they would break away from the motherland Yugoslavia. We had to choose a scapegoat who would be blamed for everything. Someone who would be responsible for the war and violence. Serbia was chosen because in some ways it is a successor to Yugoslavia.
The imperialists are now replicating this tactic of picking out a scapegoat in regards to Ethiopia, which the U.S. wants dismantled for trading with China. In U.S. headlines, Ethiopia's government is being entirely blamed for the country's growing humanitarian crisis. Washington's tightening sanctions on Ethiopia, and meddling efforts to resuscitate the TPLF, get no mention in these stories.
The Yugoslavia model of propaganda is also being directed towards the Communist Party of China, which the U.S. is accusing of "genocide" against the Uyghurs. We must expose the flimsiness and fraudulence behind this charge. If the imperialists can get away with this new Big Lie, central Eurasia could undergo the same ethnic conflicts and instability that they manufactured within the Balkans.
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Posted by Rainer Shea at 12:36 AM No comments:
Guerrilla warfare has key advantages over U.S. imperialism
Mao assessed that U.S. imperialism is at the same time a real tiger, and a paper tiger. It's capable of doing great damage, but it has key weaknesses that can be exploited by the world's liberation movements.
The post-9/11 era, which just reached a pivotal point with the defeat of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, has shown one of imperialism's most important weaknesses at this stage: the hubris of the empire and its proxy states. The Taliban has managed to drive out the vastly more militarily powerful U.S. forces, and the Palestinian resistance has managed to remain competitive with the vastly more equipped Israelis, because the oppressor countries overestimate their strength. Having more firepower isn't necessarily enough to win. Asymmetrical warfare grants rebels key strengths, namely the ability to get the masses on the side of the rebels by pointing to the massive atrocities of the oppressors.
The imperialists are always trying to turn the situation around, to use asymmetrical warfare for their own benefit. And they've succeeded at times, like when they got the Mujahideen to overthrow Afghanistan's socialist republic through guerrilla tactics like sabotaging the country's infrastructure. But as Mao also observed, the imperialists are divorced from the masses. So these counterrevolutionary wars they wage, even when dressed up in the veneer of popular revolutions via "freedom-fighting" terrorist proxies like the Mujahideen, always produce popular backlash. In Afghanistan's case, the theocratic regime the imperialists installed went rogue, became the Taliban, and deprived the empire of the $1 trillion in minerals that U.S. capital desperately seeks to extract from Afghanistan.
By backing Afghanistan's East Turkestan Islamic Movement, the Uyghur nationalist terrorist group that's posing a growing threat to China, Washington is seeking to carry out a guerrilla insurgency against the PRC. The hope of the imperialists is that the ETIM's growing violence will spill across the border into Xinjiang.
But the agitation propaganda that this attempted weaponization of the Uyghurs relies on—namely the narrative that China is committing a "genocide" in Xinjiang—is so diametrically opposed to the actual conditions of China's ethnic minorities that Washington's envisioned Chinese civil war can never be realized. Xinjiang's Uyghurs are sharing in the benefits from the economic growth from Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, as is the case for every other ethnic group in China. And the U.S. State Department's charges of human rights abuses within China's Uyghur terrorist deradicalization facilities are so baseless that Xinjiang Uyghurs have themselves publicly shamed Washington officials for lying.
In contrast to these forces of counterrevolutionary asymmetrical warfare, which rely on fabricated atrocity propaganda to justify their terroristic actions, the forces of revolutionary asymmetrical warfare can point to actual injustices within capitalism, imperialism, and colonialism.
They can point to the fact that 100 million people throughout the capitalist world have been driven into poverty during the pandemic, as opposed to how poverty has decreased in socialist China during the same months. They can point to how the U.S. empire's military is the largest institutional polluter, making Washington imperialism to blame for the world's 21.5 million climate refugees. They can point to how the U.S. empire has driven Afghanistan back into an unstable feudalism, and how the country had overcome feudal rule during its era of being a socialist republic. They can point to how Washington is backing Zionism, Hindutva fascism, Bolsonaroism, Uribismo, and so many other brutal ruling ideologies.
It's because of this advantage of the anti-imperialists that foreign policy analyst Fareed Zakaria wrote this about anti-imperialist asymmetrical warfare in his 2008 book The Post-American World: "The United States has the most powerful military in the history of the world. And yet it has found it difficult to prevail in Iraq. The Israeli military is vastly superior to Hezbollah's forces. But it was not able to win a decisive victory over the latter in its conflict with it. Why? Because the current era is one in which asymmetrical responses have become easier to execute and difficult to defeat."
This vulnerability in capital and empire is continuously being proven, and not just by ultra-reactionary forces that happen to be anti-imperialist like the Taliban. In Colombia, the new revolutionary guerrilla organization Segunda Marquetalia has been gradually growing in membership, and has garnered perceived legitimacy among the masses it so far holds jurisdiction over. This increasing success comes in spite of Plan Colombia, the scorched-earth counterinsurgency model that's been viewed as a victory route for counterinsurgencies from Mexico to Afghanistan.
Colombia's neo-colonial regime has been riding off the successes of Plan Colombia to regain more territory from the guerrillas, but at the same time it's been losing support from the people, who've granted Segunda Marquetalia its victories. Once again, the reactionaries are at the same time real tigers and paper tigers, simultaneously strong and weak—with their weakness being what may decide the war.
This has become especially true throughout Colombia's anti-austerity protests of recent months, wherein the Uribismo-controlled regime has carried out world-shocking repressive violence. This last week, the anti-guerrilla Latin American publication InsightCrime lamented the resilience of the insurgency in the face of this year's assassination of a top rebel leader, declaring: "New Guerrilla Boss, Same as Old Guerrilla Boss in Colombia…The death of a top guerrilla commander in southern Colombia has unveiled an all-too-familiar situation: the leaders of criminal groups may be replaced, but this rarely leads to any meaningful change in the security situation."
In Yemen, the imperialists have faced a similar situation of pro-Washington security strategists anticipating military victory by the U.S. and its proxies, then being slapped by the reality of guerrilla strength. As researcher Michael Horton wrote this summer:
The defeat of the Houthis has, according to many analysts and think tanks, been imminent for much of the past five years. The better equipped militaries of the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and their various proxy forces were supposed to rapidly defeat the Houthis and their allies. Great emphasis was placed on the technical superiority of the Western-equipped militaries of Saudi Arabia and the UAE. Yet despite the expenditure of vast sums on weapons and materiel by Riyadh and the Abu Dhabi, the Houthis have consolidated their control of northwest Yemen and are poised to capture the governorate of Marib. The Houthis' ability to defy and defeat technologically superior forces is a reminder that, as the military strategist and fighter pilot Colonel John Boyd argued, "machines don't fight wars, terrain doesn't fight wars. Humans fight wars. You must get into the minds of humans. That's where the battles are won." The Houthis excel on the battlefield and this is unlikely to change, no matter how much Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and their backers spend on the war in Yemen.
Despite these growing strategic weaknesses of the imperialists, we must be ever vigilant of how they can still exploit the weaknesses of the liberation forces—whether militarily, socially, or narratively. Horton also points out that the contradictions within the power structure of the Houthis—whether real or exaggerated by imperialist propaganda—have the potential to fracture Yemen's anti-imperialist alliance. The imperialists are eager to inflame whatever tensions, legitimate or manufactured, exist within this and all other anti-U.S. coalitions.
This is why as we in the center of the empire build up our revolutionary cadres, we must consistently expose the empire's propaganda about other anti-imperialists while maintaining international solidarity. Unity and proper research, combined with the strengths of our modern revolutionary tactics, can bring us to victory.
Mercenaries in U.S. borders: a sign of a rapidly declining empire
More keeps getting revealed about the contractors from the mysterious mercenary company—or, as we've found out, companies—that have shown up in Minneapolis during this summer's Black Lives Matter protests. The most widely recognized of these companies, whose contractors have been reported to profile, inflict head trauma upon, grab, and surveil peaceful demonstrators, initially didn't have its name known to the public due to the contractors refusing to reveal what their employer is called. But as I've seen reported by one Minneapolis resident who has personal experience with this mercenary occupation's effects, the company's name is Critical Response Group, or CRG.
"CRG Security is a mercenary security group currently deployed like a couple miles from my house in Minneapolis," the resident wrote on Twitter this last week. "They are known for brutalizing locals and surveilling us." They wrote about one podcast's commentary on the situation that "if anything, this coverage kind of undersells how startlingly violent these dudes have been in my community. Folks getting grabbed off the sidewalk for 'appearing to record CRG staff,' etc etc. Absolutely wild. Like these dudes sit in a parking garage and spy on everyone with binoculars and then sometimes send out groups of like three guys to snatch someone and ziptie them until cops come and arrest the ziptied person."
These details, despite being anecdotal, are entirely consistent with what was reported about CRG's activities last month by public testimonies from mercenary violence victims who spoke to Unicorn Riot. Unicorn Riot posted a picture of a CRG contractor, standing in the window of a building that indeed resembled a parking garage, snapping photographs of the demonstrators while they were giving their testimonies.
I tried to speculate on what the mercenaries' intentions were with this policy of monitoring community members, and now we know: to cultivate an environment of arbitrary detentions. One where paramilitary members regularly apprehend people who are deemed a threat, then the police go right along with these haphazard extra-legal judgments the paramilitary makes. With the constant surveillance being a way to strike paranoia into the local and keep people on their toes.
It's an expansion of the arbitrary detentions that unidentified federal agents carried out in Portland a year ago, wherein people were randomly shoved into unmarked vehicles without any provocation for the sole purpose of terrorizing the community into not demonstrating. Except now we know that the unmarked personnel are working for a paramilitary organization with even less accountability than official police forces, and with a strategy for perpetuating the climate of intimidation and fear: surveil the population and detain those passing by even for seemingly non-political reasons.
Isn't this almost indistinguishable from the mercenary occupations that the U.S. empire has put in place abroad throughout the War on Terror? It brings to mind the CIA death squads that have regularly executedentire Afghan families simply for being suspected to associate with the Taliban. The only difference is that the CRG hasn't killed anyone in Minneapolis. At least not yet, since the company's contractors have shown they have no conflict de-escalation strategy whatsoever. It's an environment of uncertainty, one that's going to continue in Minneapolis indefinitely and that will be expanded into more U.S. localities as private mercenaries take on a wider role within domestic policing.
If laws haven't stopped mercenaries from being increasingly used abroad, nothing can stop the U.S. from subjecting its own people to these unaccountable forces. As Politics Today's Tallha Abdulrazaq has assessed about the precedent the empire has set for mercenaries in its forever wars:
Despite numerous national laws forbidding mercenary activity in the militarily advanced Western world, mercenaries have continued to flourish and thrive in the battlefields and cities of Iraq and Afghanistan – the two countries who suffered the most from the American imperial footprint in the 21st century. With the United States now openly stating that it intends to disengage from both countries, it is likely that, rather than reduce the number of mercenaries deployed, it will instead increasingly rely on its army of private military contractors to secure its interests…The American oil giant had to evacuate its employees on several occasions, including after rocket attacks struck their compound near Basra in 2019. These compounds are guarded not by U.S. combat troops, but by mercenaries – or, as they like to be known, private military contractors. The use of the word "contractors" is intentional as it is vague enough to cover numerous operations, whether that be training, logistics, or even the use of deadly force.
Now, just as some professional observers of Washington's War on Terror mercenary trend predicted during the first years of the Iraq war, these same private military companies that have been used to give an extra layer of impunity for foreign U.S. war crimes are getting unleashed upon the American population itself. Increasing use of mercenaries is a historical fixture of dying empires, so this became easy to anticipate once Washington sabotaged its own international standing by recklessly invading Afghanistan and Iraq. What perhaps wasn't so predictable was how easily those anti-mercenary laws within the West just became discarded in Minneapolis.
It's fitting that within weeks of the recent imperial blowback from Washington's Afghanistan decision, wherein the sudden victory of the Taliban has discredited American military power in the eyes of the world, the empire has been turning these terror tools against its own people. It's like an attempt to psychologically compensate for Washington's waning influence abroad.
The fact that the Conflict Resolution Center—another mercenary army that's been operating seemingly alongside CRG—has previously operated in imperialist intervention hotspots like Syria and Iraq supports this perception. According to a description by the Minneapolis Reformer, the CRC's methods for providing security for a Minneapolis mall are in effect counterinsurgency tactics, with the local population being treated as the insurgents:
The Legal Rights Center — a nonprofit law firm — says it is "extremely troubled" by reports that employees of a company called Conflict Resolution Group have used "needless and excessive force on multiple occasions, causing severe injuries to innocent people." The Legal Rights Center raised the possibility that the city of Minneapolis is coordinating with the private security contractor, recalling grim accounts of American interventions overseas in places like Iraq…Andrew Gordon, deputy director of community legal services for the Legal Rights Center, said he's never seen an arrangement like this. "I have no experience with a city or its law enforcement effectively working in collaboration with a private security group to enforce laws in public," he said. Gordon said based on the interactions that have been reported to him, the company is employing tactics that appear to come from military training. Gordon alleges that people were being assaulted, with police officers "standing by doing nothing" and then swooping in to complete a citizen's arrest. If someone is hurt, victims can't go to their city council member or the mayor or MPD — who are "seemingly divorced from this," Gordon said.
This is the first stage of the U.S. military's explicitly stated plans to invade and occupy America's urban areas in the coming years and decades. These plans are motivated by the class and anti-colonial struggles that are sure to arise from the country's ever-growing wealth inequality, deteriorating infrastructure, expanding unemployment, systemic neoliberal failure to address the pandemic, climatically exacerbated societal dysfunction, and nonwhite community tensions with an increasingly deadly and militarized police state. Sending in the mercenaries is how the empire is normalizing the environment the military wants within these areas. An environment where civil liberties are nonexistent, where people can be detained for any reason the occupying authorities choose, and where someone is always watching.
Solidarity and Time: A Review
This was written by Meg Sherman, a Twitter friend who's reviewed my short story Never Again (linked below)
https://rainershea.com/f/never-again-a-dystopian-short-story
Like all great Marxist thinkers, Rainer Shea has the rare gift of being able to perfectly distil ideas in words, a translator between the realm of pure thought and worldly things. His dystopian short story "Never Again" is a free-wheeling embrace of trans-civilisational histories that portrays the inherent fallibility of humanity. The story's distinction between the adverse agendas of different species warring for hegemony mirrors the contemporary world's distinction between civilisations, vying either for unilateral dominance – the US – and peaceful multilateral coexistence – in the solidarity of the BRICs. The story's unifying theme, climate change to the extent it is an existential threat, is deftly used to demonstrate how the possession of vast wealth creates clevages within species that render the working classes and the rich alien to one another, the possessors of vast wealth insulating themselves while letting the workers die.
The story plays with the presence of inevitable sabotage of imperial projects, the imperial project that comes to fruition being an expression of techno-fascism that relies on a corporate stranglehold on digital dissent. This reflects the essential fact of the coming revolution, that it consists of the opposing forces of techno-fascism, like Google, and an aggregate of citizens using technology to create glitches in the matrix, like Julian Assange. The spirit of free will is evergreen, tyranny deciduous, breaking down seasonally.
By far the most impressive part of the story is the way the ruling classes create a solution for climate change which involves blocking out the sun. If, platonically, the sun is viewed as a symbol of the truth, Shea's invocation of its demise is an allegory for the relegation of fact and evidence in the rule of tyranny. Russell Brand said that tyranny is the removal of nuance and the powerful people in the society Shea invokes make public involvement in politics pivot around centrally administered information that makes false binary distinctions between good and bad, devoid of nuance.
Marx's legacy is sustained by the poets of his philosophy. The world is a bright clean canvas ready for the ink of our imaginations. I implore you to read Shea with an open mind and embrace the magic of revolution.
Posted by Rainer Shea at 11:19 PM No comments:
U.S. Empire Reacts To Its Loss In Afghanistan By Sowing Further Global Chaos & Brutality
Ugandan dictatorship forces beat journalist during the election protests of this last year
As imperialism has run its machinations within the different conditions of the world, it's turned these places into different types of tools for innovating in necro-politics. Israel is the U.S. empire's laboratory in repression, with the brutal anti-Palestinian tactics of the Zionist forces being used to train police in the U.S. and Colombia. Latin America is the empire's laboratory in the paramilitary facets of this repression, with the death squads in countries like Colombia being replicated in domestic U.S. militias like the Proud Boys and the Three Percenters. And Africa is the empire's laboratory in destabilization, along with the partitions, Balkanizations, manufactured ethnic tensions, terrorism, dictatorship-building, and economic warfare which this chaos allows the imperialists to wreak upon the continent.
Now that the empire has lost neo-colonial control over Afghanistan with the Taliban's defeat of the U.S.-installed regime, the imperialists are fully applying their tactics for Africa to Afghanistan. Washington is scrambling to freeze Afghanistan's wealth, with the existing sanctions on the Taliban now being applied to the country as a whole. This has further deprived one of the world's poorest countries of the ability to gain humanitarian aid for its population, which comes at a moment when Afghanistan is facing catastrophic hunger, homelessness, and economic ruin due to global warming and twenty years of war.
The imperialists have applied the same strangulation approach to Syria, using economic warfare as a means to sabotage the post-war rebuilding effort. This will no doubt be what comes from the sanctions expansion within Afghanistan. And they aren't even done wrecking Afghanistan's infrastructure, businesses, and housing; despite the narrative that the war is over, private U.S. mercenaries have replaced the official troops and are there to stay within the country. The imperialists are also fomenting new (and old) terrorist proxies within the country.
Such is the approach that Washington is applying to African countries like Ethiopia, which has come under U.S. sanctions due to its government's infrastructure projects with China. These sanctions, currently being intensified through the recent additional economic restrictions which Washington falsely claims only target military elites, come after the imperialists have partitioned the country as a means for stoking terror. Following Ethiopia's formation of Marxist-Leninist governance in the 1970s, the U.S. rallied the forces of counterrevolution to fight for the breakup of the country, which they succeeded at with the Ethiopia-Eritrea partition following the Soviet Union's fall.
Now the U.S. is backing the terrorist organization the Tigray People's Liberation Movement, which seeks to regain the control it had over Ethiopia for two decades following the Ethiopia-Eritrea partition. This isn't speculation. This is something Eritrea's foreign minister has saidthe U.S. is doing, stating that the Biden administration is "stoking further conflict and destabilization" via interference and intimidation throughout the region.
The goal of these transgressions, he said, is "to resuscitate the remnants of the TPLF regime." The fact that the U.S. is refusing to classify the TPLF as a terrorist organization, and treating it as belonging on equal footing with the Ethiopian government, makes this destabilization campaign even clearer.
These maneuvers give a sinister context to the recent propaganda pieces that NATO's media outlets have been putting forth about Ethiopia. This year, the BBC published a call for further action against the Ethiopian government, written by one of the counterrevolutionary fighters who helped destroy the country's socialist development. The piece, titled Eritrea viewpoint: I fought for independence but I'm still waiting for freedom, even goes so far as to glorify the author's acts of violence against the revolutionary gains the masses had made:
I joined the liberation army as a 16-year-old in 1982 after hearing tales about Ethiopian aggression and jealous of the glamorous image of the freedom fighters with their long hair, shorts and AK47s. I received a few months of training in the Arag valley. We learned how to attack and retreat, how to camouflage ourselves, and how to use weapons — including grenades and RPGs. Our training was good. It was backed up by political education, including how we would establish a democratic government…Official statistics show that healthcare and education have improved since independence but it is difficult to believe them. With limited job prospects and the prospect of years of compulsory unpaid military service, many young people continue to leave the country, seeking asylum in other African states or Europe. But many of us have not given up hope. We believe change is inevitable and Eritrea will realise the promises made by its martyrs.
Whatever contradictions exist within the Ethiopian government — and there are obviously many, since it's a capitalist neo-colonial state despite trading with China — they won't be addressed by these fomenters of anti-communism, Balkanization, and destabilization. The country's growing hunger is in spite of what China has done for the country, and Washington's sanctions are exacerbating the Ethiopian government's failures to mitigate the effects of global warming and civil war.
What the imperialists want to come from their agitation propaganda and economic strangulation is a situation that parallels the breakup of Yugoslavia, where ethnic tensions were manufactured through the CIA's strategic propaganda designed to sow mistrust among the different ethnicities.
If it's successful, Washington will have an excuse to reopen the drone operations site within Ethiopia that it closed down in 2016. This would parallel the situation Washington has created in Somalia, where U.S. and U.K. meddling has created the same terrorist groups Washington is now targeting with bombs and drone strikes. This is a situation where Washington's militaristic solution to the very extremism it produced is only worsening Somalia's humanitarian crisis, and where the empire can carry through its true goals for Africa: expand AFRICOM as a buffer against Chinese and Russian influence, while deliberately keeping the region unstable so that China won't be able to fully implement its Belt and Road Initiative infrastructure plans.
What further shows that Washington can't bring "democracy" to Ethiopia is the fact that it's backed African dictatorships from Côte d'Ivoire to Uganda, the latter of which recently massacred dozens of demonstrators and publicly beat journalists to crackdown on pushback to its sham electoral process. The dictatorship's police forces did this with U.S. training and firepower. And Washington has responded to Ethiopia's real or alleged abuses with vastly more severity than it's applied to Uganda after these world-shocking human rights abuses, paralleling how Biden has barely responded to this year's police massacres of protesters by the neo-colonial Colombian regime.
Dictatorship, or "democracy" so absurdly rigged that it's functionally indistinguishable from dictatorship, are the only forms of government which U.S. imperialism brings when it succeeds at building states.
In the age of imperial decline, climate catastrophe, and pandemic, state-building is a prospect that Washington can't manage as much as it used to. So in places like southwest Asia, the horn of Africa, and Latin America (where countries like Haiti and Nicaragua have been getting destabilized by U.S. meddling), they're instead simply leaving the people without functional states after destroying their nations. If they succeed at a Yugoslavia nation-killing project in Ethiopia, they'll make it like Libya, which has been experiencing decade-long civil war and refugee slave trades.
"This is a moment to seize," said Tony Blair after 9/11. "The Kaleidoscope has been shaken. The pieces are in flux. Soon they will settle again. Before they do, let us re-order this world around us." The order they've since created is an engineered anarchy, a disorder.
Blair, who's now being paid £1 million a year by a United Arab Emirates organization called the Mubadala Development Fund, has an interest in deepening the disorder; Mubadala has been developing a plan to mine Afghanistan's $1 trillion worth of natural resources. With the narrative backing of the U.S. media, the imperialists are now supporting a second Mujahideen insurgency, this time against the Taliban that the original U.S.-backed Mujahideen evolved into. They're also covertly backing the East Turkestan Islamic Movement, which Washington took off the terrorist group list last year to the effect that it's since undergone a massive rise in manpower, arms, and funds. The new Mujahideen are there to steal the minerals for imperialists like Blair, and the ETIM is there to perpetrate chaos so that the BRI can't develop in Afghanistan — and, the imperialists hope, make their violent Uyghur ethnic nationalism spill across the border into Xinjiang.
Terrorism is all the imperialists have, especially now that their loss in Afghanistan has further shaken the world's faith in Washington's ability to project power compared to China. As China's Global Timeshas assessed, Washington's demonstrable failure in Afghanistan has made other countries, especially in Asia, less willing to go along with the empire's cold war on China:
The image of the US debacle at Kabul airport is worth a thousand words. It is believed the Southeast Asian countries which have undergone enough geopolitical tests are clear about this….So far, none of the countries in Southeast Asia, which have sharp insight, show willingness to take the lead in provoking China. The US' coercion and coaxing in this region have come to show signs of failure…The "Afghan effect" is, in fact, already starting to take effect in Southeast Asia. Singapore's stance has become more neutral compared to years ago when it used to tilt toward the US, while Vietnam has separated the South China Sea issue from the overall Vietnam-China relations. All these prove that Southeast Asian countries are prepared for the "Afghan effect" in advance, let alone Vietnam that has vivid memories of the "Saigon moment."
As the Biden administration's attempts to diplomatically strong-arm China continue to fail, with the strategically important powers in the Oceanic hemisphere growing neutral or even anti-U.S. in the Washington-Beijing cold war, the imperialists will expand their destabilization campaigns to these countries as well. They've already done this in Myanmar, where the imperialists are sowing conflict and systemic breakdown in parallel to Libya. But this will serve to further discredit Washington on the international stage, leaving the imperialist powers with less allies and more global proletarians who see revolution as a practical necessity.
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Posted by Rainer Shea at 1:07 AM No comments:


text:
Antikens Grekland eller Antikens Hellas är en samlande benämning på den kultur i östra medelhavsområdet som hade sin storhetstid under antiken från 700-talet f.Kr. till 300-talet f.Kr. Området bestod av en mängd småstater som ofta stred inbördes men som samtidigt förenades av en gemensam kultur. Mycket av den nutida västerländska civilisationens kultur, filosofi, vetenskap, astronomi och politiska institutioner har sitt direkta eller indirekta upphov i det antika Grekland.

Romarriket påverkades mycket starkt av grekisk kultur, som därmed spreds i Europa.

I det antika Grekland skedde genombrottet för användningen av mynt inom handeln. De atenska "ugglemynten" dominerade medelhavshandeln under 400- och 300-talet f.Kr. Ugglan var Athenas, vishetens gudinnas, heliga fågel.

De olympiska spelen har sitt ursprung i det grekiska kulturarvet. Renässansen var ett försök att återuppväcka arvet från romarriket och det antika Grekland.

Ursprung
Den grekiska koloniseringen västerut som resulterade i Magna Graecia tog sin början runt 800 f.Kr. Man odlade bland annat vin och oliver (silvermynten kom på denna tid) på buskar och sålde detta till Grekland.

Demokratin i Aten

Den blomstrande ekonomin ledde till krav på inflytande från befolkningen i Grekland. Kungar, tyranner och aristokrater störtades av städernas medborgare. Utvecklingen kulminerade i Aten där en politisk reform gav alla medborgare rätt att rösta i viktiga frågor. Det sägs ofta att inget folk har haft mer makt än det atenska, men detta inflytande gällde bara fria män över 20 års ålder (vissa källor säger 18 års ålder, andra 21 års ålder) som var födda i Aten av atenska föräldrar. Inga kvinnor, slavar eller invandrare hade någon rösträtt. Med andra ord en minoritet av befolkningen (cirka 30 000 av Atens 300 000 invånare). Det atenska demokratiska idealet kom emellertid att snabbt spridas i Grekland och ersätta de tidigare kungadömena och styrande aristokratierna. De slavar som tjänade folket i antikens Grekland hade dock ingen rösträtt eller större politisk makt.

Grekiska krig

Mellan 492 f.Kr. och 479 f.Kr. utsattes grekiska fastlandet för två erövringsförsök från det persiska riket - dåtidens stormakt - under persiska krigen. Den grekiska övärlden erövrades av Persien redan under Kyros II och under Dareios den stores skytiska fälttåg införlivades Makedonien och Thrakien i persiska riket. Med hjälp av vädrets makter och genom samarbete i olika omfattning lyckades dock Aten och Sparta slå tillbaka landinvasionerna. 490 f.Kr. landsatte perserna en här i Grekland som grekerna dock besegrade i slaget vid Marathon. 480 f.Kr. gjorde perserna ett nytt försök. De hade slagit en bro av skepp över Dardanellerna där de tågade mot Grekland och hade understöd av flottan. Den här gången hjälpte spartanerna till, men det stoppade inte persernas framryckning. Perserna intog och brände Aten. Detta var en mycket ovanlig handling av persiska kungar. Kung Xerxes I beordrade Atens återbyggande dagen efter. Grekiska styrkorna drog sig tillbaka till Korinth och samlade sin flotta vid Salamis bukt. Avgörandet kom då. Grekerna var väl samlade och besegrade perserna. Efter segern vid Salamis övergick kriget till ett grekiskt anfall mot perserna som drog sig tillbaka. Den slutliga segern uppnåddes i slaget vid Plataiai. Förbindelserna mellan Grekland och Persien kännetecknades inte bara av krig och konflikt utan även av ett rikt utbyte inom kultur, konst och vetenskap.

Både Aten och Sparta eftersträvade dock total makt över hela Grekland och hamnade snart i krig med varandra. I de peloponnesiska krigen (431 f.Kr.–404 f.Kr.) besegrade Sparta Aten. Sparta lyckades dock inte behålla sin maktposition särskilt länge och 338 f.Kr. hade Filip II av Makedonien till slut lyckats lägga alla andra stadsstater under sig och bildat det Korinthiska förbundet.
Filip II mördades 336 f.Kr. och följdes av sonen Alexander den store , som erövrade hela perserriket och lade grunden till hellenismen, den epok då grekiskt språk och kultur spred sig över hela Främre Orienten och medelhavsområdet.

Det klassiska Grekland

Den turbulenta perioden mellan cirka 480 f.Kr. och 323 f.Kr. brukar trots alla krig kallas för Greklands klassiska. Det var under denna period som den konst, litteratur, filosofi och arkitektur som förknippas med antikens Grekland skapades. En viktig orsak till detta var det grekiska alfabetet som bara innehöll 20 tecken och var lätt att lära sig. En annan avgörande faktor var kravet på makthavarna att motivera sina beslut inför medborgarna: Argumentation blev en förutsättning för makt och idéer spred sig snabbt i antikens Grekland.

Den grekiska hellenismen

 Huvudartikel: Grekiska hellenismen
Den hellenistiska perioden i Greklands historia var mellan 323 f.Kr., Alexander den stores död, och Roms erövring av Grekland år 146 f.Kr. Greklands militära styrka avtog så småningom och den romerska erövringen inleddes 168 f.Kr. Den grekiska kulturen hade dock redan innan dess fått inflytande i det romerska riket och under hela den romerska tiden kom de östra delarna av imperiet att domineras av den grekiska kulturen.

Grekland under Rom
Den romerska perioden i Greklands historia inföll mellan 146 f.Kr. och tiden för delningen av det romerska riket i Öst- och Västrom år 330 e.Kr.

Senantiken
 Huvudartikel: Senantiken
När det romerska imperiet splittrades hamnade Grekland åter i centrum. Från Konstantinopel spred Östrom, sedermera det bysantinska riket, den grekiska kulturen vidare.

Kulturhistoria

Grekisk filosofi, matematik och astronomi

 Huvudartikel: Antikens filosofi

Den västerländska filosofins historia börjar med de försokratiska filosoferna, även kallade naturfilosofer; det äldsta bevarade manuskriptet är Derveni-papyrusen. Dessa var de första som ställde frågor om världen utan att ge religion, mytologi eller vidskepelse som argument till svaren. Kända försokratiker är Thales från Miletos, Parmenides och Herakleitos och deras frågeställningar kretsade huvudsakligen kring metafysiska frågor som att söka efter ett urämne.

Genom att lägga fram teorier om världen och dess samband som inte blandade in övernaturliga förklaringar och sedan utsätta dem för kritik, granskning och diskussion utvecklades ett vetenskapligt arbetssätt och man kan på god grund säga att det var då vetenskapen, som vi känner den, startade även om man redan tidigare sysslat med problem i fysik och matematik. I den grekiska religionen var det inte gudarna som skapat världen och de styrde heller inte allsmäktigt över människorna. Detta gjorde att grekerna fick en större frihet när det gällde att förstå sin omgivning och sitt sätt att leva. Genom handeln kom de också i kontakt med andra länder och deras religioner.

Försokratikerna kom att inspirera atomisterna och pythagoréerna med matematiker som Pythagoras och Hypatia samt även andra kända tänkare som  Sokrates, Platon och Aristoteles. Begrepp som arche, apeiron, atom, eter, eld och inertia upptar i olika grad och innebörd fortfarande tänkarnas tid.

I matematiken kan det nya synsättet beskrivas så att då man tidigare var nöjd med att ha fått fram en formel för att bygga ett altare eller dela upp en vinst, så kom nu fokus på själva beviset för att formeln var korrekt. Thales metod att ta fram en djärv hypotes och utsätta den för skarp kritik, så att en bättre hypotes kan uppstå ur den ursprungliga hypotesen, skulle komma att visa sig vara den grund som byggde den västliga civilisationen med dess vetenskap och teknik. Ett exempel på teknikens och astronomins framsteg är antikytheramekanismen, ett "urverk" från år 87 f.Kr., som kan beskriva rörelserna hos de då kända himlakropparna. Antikytheramekanismen är ett avancerat astronomiskt instrument av en typ som man länge trodde inte börjat tillverkas förrän flera hundra år senare.

Grekisk mytologi

 Huvudartikel: Grekisk religion och Grekisk mytologi

Grekisk mytologi grundar sig på att Zeus, gudarnas härskare över Olympos, styr över det generella och mänsklighetens öden medan andra, mindre gudar, till exempel Apollon, styr över bland annat hälsa genom att beskjuta städer och folk som misshagat honom och hålla städer som är trogna och dyrkar honom, vid god vigör. Ett annat exempel är Aeolus, vindarnas gud, som ger medvind till havs och svalkande brisar på land till sina anhängare men orkaner och motvind till dem som dyrkar en annan gud. Inom den grekiska mytologin var offer av bland annat tjurar standard vid ceremonier som förrättades ungefär en gång i månaden. Offren var riktade till specifika gudar, så om det rådde många sjukdomar i staden offrade man till Apollon i hopp om att det skulle bli bättre.

Grekisk litteratur

Huvudartikel: Den grekiska antikens litteratur

I den grekiska litteraturen intar skalder som Homeros och Sapfo en tätplats. Det grekiska dramat har blivit stilbildande. Drama var gängse uttryck för teaterkonst. Konsten att skriva teatermanus kom att kallas dramatik och den som skriver teater är dramatiker.

Den västerländska teatern växte fram ur de årliga Dionysosfesterna i antikens Grekland. Varje år anordnade man en fest till vinguden Dionysos ära, där traditionen utvecklats att bygga en arena för körsång. Denna leddes av en försångare som sjöng en växelsång med kören. En dag fick en försångare för sig att tala texten i stället för att sjunga och teatern hade fötts. Man ordnade så småningom årliga teaterfestivaler där tre antika dramatiker fick tävla med fyra pjäser var: tre tragedier och ett lustspel. På den här tiden var teater som så mycket annat ett nöje förbehållet Greklands medborgare, "fria män". Även på scenen var det bara män, också i kvinnorollerna och man använde masker. Thespiskärran, som fraktade dåtidens skådespelare på turné, har blivit en symbol för teater och scenkonst i vid bemärkelse.

Grekisk konst
 Huvudartikel: Grekisk konst

Grekisk arkitektur
 Huvudartikel: Grekisk arkitektur

Retorik
Den västerländska retoriken, alltså systematiseringen av talekonsten, hade sitt ursprung i Grekland och Rom.

Se även
 Antiken
 Grekiska

Referenser

Wikipedia:Basartiklar

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text:
Remembering the Nintendo Ultra 64 Dream Team: Mindscape
by David Oxford | Apr 25, 2019 | 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s | 0 comments
At long last, we finally come to the last member of the Nintendo Ultra 64 Dream Team, Mindscape.
In 1983, Mindscape was founded in Northbrook, Illinois as a developer of titles for various types of home computer, beginning with the PC and Commodore 64 before expanding their range to the Macintosh, Apple II, Atari ST, Amiga, and others. They would go on to publish titles for other developers, including renowned point-and-click adventure games (also known collectively as the "MacVenture" series) from ICOM Simulations, such as Shadowgate, Déjà Vu, and Uninvited.
It was in 1988 that Mindscape came on board as a third-party publisher for the Nintendo Entertainment System, beginning their home console career with ports of Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom and Paperboy. In a bit if a hullabaloo surrounding Nintendo's adversarial relationship with Tengen, Mindscape's version of Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom would be the second port of the arcade game to arrive on the 8-bit platform, but the first to be officially licensed by Nintendo. Despite this, the software is reportedly the same between the two versions, leaving only the cartridge and accompanying packaging/literature to distinguish the two.
The company would go on to release many more titles across many platforms, including the NES, Game Boy, and Super NES. Along with a various mix of licensed titles and ports of PC and Atari arcade games, perhaps one of the most notable releases came in the form of the Miracle Piano Teaching System.
All throughout its history, Mindscape would see itself passed around between various owners, most especially throughout the course of the 90's. While Nintendo seemed keen during this period to bring more PC publishers and developers into the fold to help create content for its 64-bit hardware, the company would only release one title over the course of the Nintendo 64's lifespan. It would be in its waning years, at that, as Rat Attack! was brought to the platform in late 2000, over a year after it had already been released on the rival PlayStation. Probably not the type of situation Nintendo dreamed of when they signed the company on.
Mindscape would manage to get its house in order in 2001, when it returned to being its own company, rather than the subsidiary of another. With that, it began making some purchases of its own, such as Montparnasse Multimedia and Coktel Vision, and for the most part opted to sit out the sixth generation of home consoles, focusing its strengths on the PC industry where it began. In 2007, they began releasing software for Nintendo platforms again, bringing to the Nintendo DS and Wii a variety of licensed fare and other titles which might generously be referred to as "shovelware."
In 2011, they would close down their last internal studio, Punchers Impact, and exit the video game industry following the failure of their PC multiplayer online battle arena game titled Crasher. In lieu of video games, they did give the toy business the good ol' college try with a line of "house robots" called Karotz. Suffice to say, they don't seem to have taken off.
Despite leaving the video game business, though, they might yet still find their way back. In 2016, their name was featured on the European release of the Rollercoaster Tycoon Mega Pack, so who can say for certain if we've truly seen the last of this brand?
David Oxford (113 Posts)
Lover of fine foods and felines, as well as comics, toys, and... oh yeah, video games. David Oxford has written about the latter for years, including for Nintendo Power, Nintendo Force, Mega Visions, and he even wrote the book on Mega Man!
Retro Age

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text:
Lista över 20 kommuner i provinsen Pistoia i Italien.

Nuvarande kommuner

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text:
Broken Angel may refer to:

 Broken Angel (1988 film), a 1988 television film
 Broken Angel (2008 film), a 2008 film by Aclan Bates
 Broken Angel (2022 film), a 2022 film by Jules Arita Koostachin
 Broken Angel House, a house in Brooklyn, New York
 Broken Angel (song), a 2010 song by Arash


text:
Q: How to trigger observeEvent and action with different input types in R Shiny? What I have
I made a Shiny app that shows a plot with some points.
You can manually change the y axis. There is a button that allows to automatically adjust the y axis so it fits the data. There is a drop-down box that allows you to select data.
I have this code:
library(shiny)

# user interface ----------------------------------------------------------

ui <- fluidPage(

  fluidRow(plotOutput("myplot")),
  tabsetPanel(
    tabPanel(
      "Input",
      fluidRow(

        column(
          2,
          numericInput(inputId = "ymax", label = "y-axis maximum", value = 30),
          numericInput(inputId = "ymin", label = "y-axis minimum", value = 9),
          actionButton("fity", label = "zoom to fit")
        ),
        column(
          2,
          selectInput(inputId = "yaxis", label = "y-axis",
                      choices = list("1 to 5" = 1,
                                     "3 to 7" = 2)
          ),
          checkboxInput("mybx", label = "checkbox", value = TRUE)
        )
      )
    ),
    fluidRow()
  )
)

# server function ---------------------------------------------------------

server <- function(input, output, session) {

  ydata <- reactive({
    switch(input$yaxis,
           "1" = {
             updateCheckboxInput(session, "mybx", value = TRUE)
             1:5},
           "2" = {
             updateCheckboxInput(session, "mybx", value = FALSE)
             3:7}
    )
  })

  observeEvent(input$fity, {
    newymax <- trunc(max(ydata())) + 1
    newymin <- trunc(min(ydata()))
    updateNumericInput(session, "ymax", value = newymax)
    updateNumericInput(session, "ymin", value = newymin)}
  )

  output$myplot <- renderPlot({

    par(mar = c(4, 4, 0.1, 0.1))
    plot(x = 1:5, y = ydata(), ylim = c(input$ymin, input$ymax))
  })
}

shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)

What I want to do
I want that the fit-y-axis code triggered by the action button will also be triggered when I'm changing the data with the dropdown box.
Things I've tried:

*

*This. But I think it doesn't like getting a selectInput together with the button.

*Putting the fit-y-axis code into a separate function, calling the function from both ydata <- reactive and observeEvent. Did not work. Cries about recursion (obviously - it's calling ydata again from inside ydata!).

Any help would be appreciated.

A: Why not just have another observeEvent that monitors the change in the yaxis input?
library(shiny)

# user interface ----------------------------------------------------------

ui <- fluidPage(

  fluidRow(plotOutput("myplot")),
  tabsetPanel(
    tabPanel(
      "Input",
      fluidRow(

        column(
          2,
          numericInput(inputId = "ymax", label = "y-axis maximum", value = 30),
          numericInput(inputId = "ymin", label = "y-axis minimum", value = 9),
          actionButton("fity", label = "zoom to fit")
        ),
        column(
          2,
          selectInput(inputId = "yaxis", label = "y-axis",
                      choices = list("1 to 5" = 1,
                                     "3 to 7" = 2)
          ),
          checkboxInput("mybx", label = "checkbox", value = TRUE)
        )
      )
    ),
    fluidRow()
  )
)

server <- function(input, output, session) {

  ydata <- reactive({
    switch(input$yaxis,
           "1" = {
             updateCheckboxInput(session, "mybx", value = TRUE)
             1:5},
           "2" = {
             updateCheckboxInput(session, "mybx", value = FALSE)
             3:7}
    )
  })

  observeEvent(input$fity, {
    newymax <- trunc(max(ydata())) + 1
    newymin <- trunc(min(ydata()))
    updateNumericInput(session, "ymax", value = newymax)
    updateNumericInput(session, "ymin", value = newymin)}
  )

  observeEvent(input$yaxis, {
    newymax <- trunc(max(ydata())) + 1
    newymin <- trunc(min(ydata()))
    updateNumericInput(session, "ymax", value = newymax)
    updateNumericInput(session, "ymin", value = newymin)}
  )

  output$myplot <- renderPlot({

    par(mar = c(4, 4, 0.1, 0.1))
    plot(x = 1:5, y = ydata(), ylim = c(input$ymin, input$ymax))
  })
}

shinyApp(ui = ui, server = server)

But this makes your 'zoom to fit' button redundant.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The Modification of Animals and the Impact of Biotechnology on Our Ways of Living Depicted in Emily Anthes's Book Frankenstein's Cat
Frankenstein's Feline
The modern-day pet? – Canis lupus familiaris? – is now more physically varied than it ever was. Scientists are still unaware as to how pet dogs nowadays have little to no resemblance to wolves, their ancestors. Someplace along the way, wolves lost their qualities. Most modern-day pet dogs would not have the ability to survive in the wild alone. They did not just lose their survival traits however they likewise lost their look characteristics. For example, the pug looks nothing like a wolf. Their bodies diminished and their teeth are smaller. In addition to pet dogs, most other animals do not look like the exact same types of their ancestors. This is since we have actually found out strategies to customize animals to the method we desire them to be and I believe that this is an amazing present that we as human beings have. In the book Frankenstein's Cat by Emily Anthes, she talks a lot about the methods we have actually customized animals and how biotechnology impacts ways of living. With the innovation that we have today, we can create new organisms within a day's time. Technology likewise assists to make artificial limbs for animals who might be injured. Obviously, there will constantly be a single person or a group of people who protest or who have concern about changing types. There are some people who think that biotechnology breaks the laws of nature and believe that it is wrong because we do not know if the animals desire that to be happening to them. There is really a market for scientists that permits them to buy lab animals that have illness to study them in order to find out more about diseases within human beings. Biotechnology can do numerous things for animals. Yes, it can make them ill however with particular strategies, it can also assist them to endure. People can now begin to imagine a future where we can produce the animal that meets all of our requirements, one that is perfect for us, because the general public is getting more access to biotechnology. Everyday researchers are developing new methods to alter the method biotechnology works and the way we can utilize it in the future.
I found out that the procedure of genetic engineering has developed a lot during the years. Scientists have actually found out a method to create animals that radiance. Zebrafish- Danio rerio- who are native to South Asia are usually colored with black and white stripes. Fish of this types are now swimming around in tanks in animal stores with brilliant colors covering them. I discover it interesting how these fish are not simply their routine selves, they have the DNA from sea anemones or sea coral. The DNA cause the zebrafish to have a fluorescent radiance under a black or blue light. Due to the fact that of the radiant impact, the fish are trademarked as GloFish, otherwise known as "America's first genetically engineered family pets." Every time I go to a pet store I am amazed by them due to the fact that of how vivid and beautiful they are. I discover it weird how a lot of individuals protested GloFish. This was primarily the response of animal rights activists. They feared that customizing the fish with such genes would hurt them. Numerous pet shops did not want to carry the fish because of this. Later on, after much argument, the fish were lastly approved and are now offered in pet stores all across America since Blake and Crockett, the owners of GloFish, showed that the genetic modifying of the fish were not hazardous to them.
AquaBounty, another business for genetically modified fish, has actually developed a new life for Atlantic salmon. I believed that it may have been challenging for the researchers from this company to take promoters from eels and link them with growth hormones from the Chinook salmon to develop a brand-new growth hormone for the Atlantic salmon. Doing this triggered the Atlantic salmon to grow faster in colder temperatures than they typically do. It turns out, I learned doing that was not the tough part. Getting the fish approved by the FDA to be used worldwide's food supply was the hardest part. From what I searched for, approval was hard since they wound up by being the very first genetically modified animal utilized for human consumption.
One strategy that I believe biotechnology ought to be most happy with is pharming. This is the technique that tweaks genetics to have farm animals turn into a "device" that produces medication. ATryn goats are one example of animals that are utilized for this. These goats were engineered to produce the medicine in their milk that people need since some can not produce it on their own. ATryn is a drug that can be used to avoid blood clots that can eliminate somebody. After the goats lactated the researchers simply had to get the milk and extract the proteins that make the medicine from it then it was all set for human intake. I think that the market of biotechnology should be proud of this accomplishment because pharm animals could conserve human lives.
Cloning is ending up being the latest way to bring animals far from extinction. I think that cloning is something that will always be enhancing because, currently, even the clones are not exactly the same as their "genetic twin." One dreadful example of this is a bull called Second Opportunity. He is the clone of a bull that was named Chance. Even though Second Possibility had the exact very same DNA as Possibility they were not exactly alike. S.C. attacked his owner, Ralph Fisher, numerous times and hurt him. This is something that Opportunity, the original bull, would not have done to Fisher. I believe that researchers need to be extra cautious when developing clones because something like this could occur in the wild when an animal is released from a center such as ACRES. ACRES stands for Audubon Center for Research Study of Endangered Species, and it lies in New Orleans. This is a place that I would like to go to one day because they try to assist threatened species from being extinct. I find that the only bad aspect of it is that they do this by cloning the animals. Though, from what I check out, the ones that they cloned did not imitate S.C.
I think that the way scientists track animals now is a remarkable procedure. The Craighead siblings, John and Frank, were the very first ones to utilize radio transmitters to track bears as they took a trip through the wilderness in Yellowstone National Park. Using these gadgets assists researchers to connect with wildlife a lot more. I seem like marine biologists made advancements in this innovation because they could not just utilize regular radio transmitters since they can not work underwater. So, they developed another option to track marine animals. They called the brand-new option "archival tags." I believe that these tags are interesting due to the fact that they can hold so much info in such a little area. The biologists use these tags on Bluefin tuna to track every detail about them. When fishermen catch a tuna that has these tags on them they can get a great deal of money by just calling the Tuna Research study and Preservation Center (TRCC) and letting them understand that they caught one. These tags can likewise be utilized for keeping an eye on environmental shifts, such as international warming, that can threaten life in the ocean. I would like to see these tags and see how they operate in person since it is kind of incredible that it can get and hold so much details.
Winter, a bottlenose dolphin is now a celebrity icon. There are multiple things that are based on her story, from books to motion pictures, which is called Dolphin Tale. I find that Winter's story is a sad but brave one. She got her tail stuck in a crab trap while swimming in the ocean. After she cleaned up on coast a fisherman saw her and called a wildlife rescue group. When the group got there, they filled her onto a stretcher and drove her to the Clearwater Marine Fish Tank. I believe that this was the best location that they brought her to due to the fact that they helped her enormously. She had a variety of cuts and scrapes from the trap being covered too firmly around her tail. This caused her to not be able to swim properly on her own so ultimately, her tail needed to be cut off. Winter season adjusted to not having a tail, but the way she did was not right. She started swimming like a fish instead of like a dolphin. This began to trigger a strain on her spinal column so her caretakers had to create a plan. I believe that they called in the best individual to do this job due to the fact that he never ever quit on her. His name was Kevin Carroll and in addition to him was a prosthetist called Dan Strzempka, together they changed Winter season's life. They developed a series of methods to develop a prosthetic tail for the dolphin. I find that their final method was amazing. It included a gel slip, otherwise known as "dolphin gel," that was soft, sticky, and strong enough to secure her while sitting tight throughout her day-to-day treatments. I find that her trainers were really patient with her due to the fact that they needed to gradually put the device on her so that she might get used to it. Eventually, after much practice, she started to swim like a regular dolphin once again. I heard about Winter season's story prior to reading this book. The film Dolphin Tale is among my favorites. She was not simply an inspiration to me, but to everybody else who became aware of her story because she never ever gave up no matter how hard the process got! Now, "Winter's Gel" is offered to prosthetists all over! I think that vets should utilize prosthesis a lot more because it might really assist animals to live healthier and happier lives, just like Winter season.
Insect-cyborgs are becoming a brand-new way to "bug" individuals. Because insects are such aerodynamic creatures the Defense Advanced Research Projects Company (DARPA) and the U.S. armed force have programs that are trying to produce insects used for spying. I think that it is an insane thing to even think about much less try! I would not even think of utilizing bugs for this type of research study because they are such small creatures. I just do not understand where they find the location to put everything, however the armed force is trying it anyway. Scientists did not understand much about the life of a bug so the other thing that they needed to figure out besides attempting to fit the equipment on them was how they were going to hack into their bodies to control them. They selected the flower beetle- Mecynorrhina torquata- since it is a bigger pest than others. They managed it by threading wires into holes they made through its exoskeleton and linking them to the brain. Other wires were linked to the basalar muscles- modulate wing thrusts- to control the instructions it would fly. By linking all of these wires to a package of electronic devices on its back they were able to manage it without any issues. Before checking out the end of how they did this task I in fact believed it was not going to work since of how little they learnt about these pests. They showed me wrong!
I discovered that there are constantly going to be people who are against whatever dealing with genetically customized animals, even if it does not impact them at all. I am the kind of person that remains in the middle of how animals must live their lives and how they should be treated. Harold Herzog called this the "distressed middle." It is a location where individuals think a lot of various ideas about animals. This kind of individual can love animals and desire them to be dealt with well but would also accept them being used as resources in experiments or research. These people can likewise want farm animals to be treated with regard but likewise would not desire meat-eating to be prohibited. I am one that believes all of these things and also partially believe that animals are like human beings in some ways and need to be treated with respect. If animals have diseases we have clinical strategies that we could use to enhance their health. I think that we should do everything that we can to help them out because we owe a lot to them. For those of us that eat meat, we do not owe them simply for being our companions or for utilizing them for research study but also for supplying themselves for us to eat. Like Emily Anthes says in her book, if we assist these fantastic animals we might all continue to develop together.


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Ten Commandments Scroll Goes on Display in New York
By David Gibson
NEW YORK (RNS) It is an irony of history that the Ten Commandments that Moses brought down from Mount Sinai on two stone tablets are found in their purest form on a strip of ancient parchment so delicate that it is hardly ever seen by the public.
A rare exception is being made this holiday season as the 2,000-year-old "Ten Commandments Scroll" goes on display through Jan. 2 in a New York City exhibit dedicated to the Dead Sea Scrolls.
For once, at least, this display of the Ten Commandments is unlikely to become the focus of legal squabbles or impassioned religious rhetoric.
Instead, the exhibit at Discovery Times Square in Manhattan could serve to underscore the remarkable power of faith to shape a culture—and the ability of that culture to transmit its bedrock teachings across the centuries, and around the world.
"When it comes to the Ten Commandments, it's something that crosses all religious lines and even moves into the secular world," said Risa Levitt Kohn, a professor of Judaism and biblical history at San Diego State University and the curator of the show, which features 20 of the more than 900 Dead Sea Scrolls, as well as other artifacts of the era.
"For one reason or another these laws have influenced not just Judaism and Christianity for centuries, but also have made their way into civil and criminal codes, and have really had a lasting effect on Western secular culture."
The scroll is part of the Dead Sea Scrolls, a trove of biblical and religious writings that were only discovered by accident in the 1940s in a desert cave east of Jerusalem.
The Ten Commandments provided the foundation of modern moral and legal codes—including principles such as equality before the law, parental rights over children, swearing oaths on a holy book and a weekly Sabbath.
Indeed, versions of the Ten Commandments were written into the constitutions of 12 of the original 13 American colonies. "Pretty amazing when you think about it," Kohn said.
Yet as an increasingly diverse America tries to untangle the commandments' secular and religious elements, they have become a flash point in modern-day culture wars. Some hold up the stone tablets as an indispensible mark of American identity, while others see them as sectarian icons that have no place in the public square.
The Discovery exhibit defuses much of that heated rhetoric by placing the Ten Commandments in the context of biblical history, and in a time and place that is remote enough to allow viewers to consider them without the baggage of modern biases.
The reverence for the scrolls on display is more universal, based more on a fascination over their origin and remarkable survival than on any preconceived beliefs, religious or otherwise.
The Ten Commandments Scroll, for example, is just 18 inches long and 3 inches wide and was written in the decades before the birth of Jesus. It was hidden in the caves at Qumran near the Dead Sea (along with hundreds of other religious writings) for reasons that are still unclear. Whether a library or a hideaway, the dark, dry cave preserved the scrolls until their discovery in the 1940s and '50s.
The only other ancient copy of the commandments is the Nash Papyrus, which was discovered a century ago in Egypt, and dates to about 150 B.C. The Nash Papyrus is at the Cambridge University Library in England, and its paperlike material is even more fragile than the scroll's animal skin parchment.
After those two versions, the next oldest recording of the Ten Commandments is from a Hebrew biblical manuscript a full thousand years later—a gaping chasm of time that makes the almost exact replication of the Ten Commandments in both the ancient and later versions all the more stunning.
"The amazing thing is that these are texts that were passed down by copying," said Kohn. "And that's a pretty difficult thing to accomplish because human copyists are prone to human error."
When the Dead Sea scrolls came to light, she said, "what they helped us understand was just how faithfully the text was copied over the years."
"You can actually look at this piece of parchment and see someone's handwriting on it that is 2,000 years old, and someone 2,000 years ago was penning the Ten Commandments pretty much the way you'd read them if you opened up the Bible today."
The Ten Commandments actually appear twice in the Bible, in Exodus and in Deuteronomy, and are slightly different. The Exodus version commands the Israelites to keep the Sabbath to recall their deliverance from slavery in Egypt, while in Deuteronomy the commandments enjoin them to keep the Sabbath because God also rested on the seventh day. The Dead Sea version, which is from Deuteronomy, includes both reasons.
The parchment was last on display two years ago in Toronto, and it will be returned to the Israel Antiquities Authority after its two-week display in New York. In April, the rest of the Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit moves on to the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia.
This particular scroll is so sensitive to light and humidity that it is not even on display in Israel. But if the Ten Commandments Scroll is hidden away again, the teachings it conveyed through the ages—and the passionate debates they continue to spark—are surely not going anywhere.
David Gibson Museums RNS Scrolls Ten Commandments
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| September 6, 2017


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Biofeed
Census 2016 places on display the diversity that is increasing Australians' relationships
Authors Associate Professor, Class of Demography, Australian Nationwide University Connect Dean (Research Training), College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University Disclosure statement Edith Gray gets funding through the Australian Research Council for the project 'Inequality in very very first family development in contemporary Australia' (DP150104248). Ann Evans gets money from the Australian Research [...]
Associate Professor, Class of Demography, Australian Nationwide University
Connect Dean (Research Training), College of Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University
Edith Gray gets funding through the Australian Research Council for the project 'Inequality in very very first family development in contemporary Australia' (DP150104248).
Ann Evans gets money from the Australian Research Council for the task 'Inequality in very very first household formation in modern Australia' (DP150104248).
Australian National University provides financing as member of this discussion AU.
The discussion UK gets funding from all of these organisations
The kinds of intimate relationships Australians have, plus the real means they truly are recognised and calculated, have actually changed considerably within the last few three decades.
A lot of the alteration in partnering has been doing reaction to changing appropriate and social norms. Childbearing has been decoupled from intimate relationships by the availability that is widespread utilization of contraception in addition to accessibility to abortion. Divorce or separation is better to access; ladies perform a much greater part away from home.
These along with other forces have actually resulted in delays in wedding, increasing co-habitation (couples living together), and a bigger percentage regarding the population who re-partner or do have more than one relationship throughout their adult life.
Outcomes through the 2016 Census, released today, let us monitor marriage and co-habitation styles both for heterosexual and same-sex partners.
In 2001 and 2016, around 40% of Australians had been categorized as solitary. By age, this pattern declines through to the mid-30s, then increases in older many years as a result of divorce proceedings and widowhood.
The pattern is more apparent for women – particularly within the older many years, because they are almost certainly going to go through the loss of their partner.
There's been an increase that is slight co-habitation general to 10% of Australians, and a matching reduction in marriage to simply under 50%.
Just just just What changed the absolute most during these relationship patterns is the fact that co-habitation ended up being predominantly restricted in 2001 to individuals inside their 20s and 30s. In 2016, cohabitation can also be a established men hacked feature that is significant individuals as much as their mid-60s.
Same-sex partners have now been identified within the census since 1996. The number of couples identifying as same-sex has increased over each successive census. In 2016, 46,800 partners had been same-sex – a rise of 39% from 2011.
The 2011 Census revealed individuals in same-sex partners are, an average of, younger, more educated, used in higher-status professions, while having higher incomes.
The 2011 Census permitted same-sex partners to determine their relationship as a marriage when it comes to time that is first. Since could be expected, the numbers are tiny (1,338) – however they will increase in the long run, as more individuals travel offshore to marry legitimately plus in the big event Australia legislates for wedding equality.
Just just What all this work means
The increase of co-habitation has resulted in conjecture that wedding has gone out of fashion and might disappear completely completely. Our studies have shown the organization of wedding just isn't outdated. The type of marriage is evolving, as individuals handle the changing part of intimate relationships inside their lives.
It's also correct that the wedding equality debate will result in a re-imagining of wedding both for homosexual and heterosexual couples. Many Australians still marry, and there's no proof that wedding shall vanish – despite predictions.
But, while wedding might have lost its practical value, its symbolic value nevertheless is apparently high. In lots of ways, engaged and getting married continues to be viewed as a marker of success.
Maybe brand brand new methods of developing relationships and childbearing aren't a risk to wedding: they could be a sign regarding the known proven fact that more choices are available nowadays.
The difference between same-sex and relationships that are heterosexual complicated by the dimension of sex it self.
The 2016 Census allowed non-binary gender as a response to the question of sex, although people identifying as other than male or female were required to use the paper form or to request a special online form for the first time. This will have somewhat impacted the count that is overall of who identify as neither male nor female.
There have been 1,300 validated reactions that suggested a intercourse apart from man or woman. The Bureau that is australian of has also approximated one more 2,400 individuals responded both male and female regarding the paper kind.
Overall, the census shows a reduction in the percentage of Australians who will be hitched, and a rise in co-habitation of both heterosexual and relationships that are same-sex. We predict this can continue steadily to increase in future censuses.
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AARP AARP States West Virginia Press
Lewis County High School's Dylan Gump Named AARP WV/MetroNews Scholar Athlete of the Week
By Tom Hunter , October 23, 2015 08:30 PM
Minutemen three-sport athlete earns statewide honor
Dylan Gump of Lewis County High School has been selected as the AARP West Virginia/MetroNews Scholar Athlete of the Week for the week of October 25.
Lewis County (WV) H.S. senior Dylan Gump has been named AARP WV/MetroNews Scholar Athlete of the Week for the week of Oct. 25, 2015. (Photo Courtesy:
A senior, Dylan is a 3.75 g.p.a. AP Honors student. He is a member of the National Honor Society and active in Fellowship of Christian Athletes. Dylan is the son of David and Debbie Gump of Weston.
Dylan is a three-sport standout for the Minutemen. He is a starting defensive end/tight end for Coach Dustin Cogar's Lewis County football team, earning All-Big Ten Conference honors as a junior. He is a two-year starter at power forward for the LCHS varsity basketball team, and a two-time Class AAA All-State honoree and an All-Big Ten Conference honoree as a member of the Minutemen baseball team.
On a community level, Dylan is actively engaged in volunteer and service activities in Lewis County through St. Matthew United Methodist Church and his school.
He has served as a volunteer on service and mission trips, working on summer housing projects for the elderly with The Pittsburgh Project and assisting with hunger relief efforts in the Washington, D.C.-area.
Dylan also serves as a volunteer coach with Lewis County High School's "Powder Puff" football program, helping to raise awareness and funds for breast cancer research.
Following graduation, Dylan plans to pursue a pharmacy degree and hopes to continue his athletic career on the collegiate level.
During the 2015 Fall Sports season, one high school student athlete will be selected each week as the AARP West Virginia Scholar Athlete of the Week and recognized on the popular West Virginia MetroNews High School GameNight program, which airs 9:30 p.m. – midnight each Friday night on nearly 40 radio stations across the Mountain State .
West Virginia student athletes in Grades 11 and 12 with a minimum 3.0 grade point average are eligible for the award. Nominees should excel in one or more athletic program, and be active within their community through service and community involvement. Nomination forms may be completed online at http://wvmetronews.com/scholar-athlete-of-the-week.
AARP WV Media Contact: Tom Hunter, 304.340.4605, tphunter@aarp.org
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Otthia lisae är en svampart som först beskrevs av De Not., och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Pier Andrea Saccardo 1882. Otthia lisae ingår i släktet Otthia och familjen Botryosphaeriaceae.   Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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