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Archive for the 'Peacemakers' Category
"…Study War No More…"
Published November 22, 2018	Armistice Day , Peace , Peacemakers , Veterans Day , War 1 Comment
Tags: Armistice Day, peace, Veterans Day, War
Recently our grandson graduated from Coast Guard Intelligence School. A large delegation of his family (including Dianna and me) attended the event. The trip over Veterans Day weekend took us near historical sites from the Revolutionary War, War of 1812, and Civil War. Our family found ourselves experiencing an extended US history seminar during the weekend of the 100th anniversary of the Armistice ending World War I on November 11, 1918.
In this country, Armistice Day evolved into our Veterans Day holiday. We honor all who have served in our country's armed forces. The church where we worshiped that Sunday recognized veterans who were present. Many religious and secular events throughout the weekend offered veterans well-deserved recognition and appreciation for their service.
As a rule, I don't believe patriotic observances belong in Sunday worship. The church is not a patriotic organization. But the 100th anniversary of "the war to end all war" and "make the world safe for democracy" offered a significant "teachable moment" for the church. How do followers of the Prince of Peace manage the tension between being citizens of a nation (USA, Mexico, etc.) and citizens of God's Kingdom? How does the church exist in a particular place and time and also honor our commitment to Christ that transcends all human and national boundaries? The church where we worshiped on Veterans Day recognized and thanked the veterans present. They remembered and gave thanks for those who had died in combat; they asked God to bless and protect those currently serving. AND THAT WAS ALL.
The teaching moment came and went–in that congregation and, I'm afraid, in thousands of others. When the church's patriotic observance merely mirrors secular ceremonies, we've failed to proclaim the Good News of Jesus Christ whom we call "Prince of Peace". When we fail to share our message of transforming revolutionary hope for all humanity and all creation, we fail to be the Church. The difference between the Church of Jesus Christ and the service at the cemetery or the Legion Hall is, after all–JESUS CHRIST!
I believe an authentically Christian observance would move from grateful remembrance toward Proclamation of Good News: "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God has come near; repent, and believe in the good news." (Mark 1:15). "Repent" means far more than "Sorry." It means "Turn around. Choose a new direction. " "Repent/Turn Around" is Good News because it affirms that we can turn. We can change. We can become New Creation in Christ (2 Corinthians 5:17). What if Veterans Day worship invited all within reach to turn away from "studying war" toward "the things that lead to peace…" (Luke 19:42 CEB). We learned on our trip that approximately 650,000 people had died in the Civil War–about 2% of the nation's population! This chart documents war's death toll over many centuries. Some figures are careful approximations, of course. But these hundreds of millions of senseless deaths tell the shameful story of our continuing inhumanity to one another. More than 13 million people died in World War I, 69 million in World War II–and they're just the tip of the iceberg. These figures include all God's precious children who've died as a result of war–not only soldiers, but all the noncombatants who are warfare's "collateral damage". No, I didn't add up the grand total. I didn't want to know that number. Let us repent of this horrific obscenity–before "studying war" is the death of us all! Let us rather share, pray, and work toward God's dream for God's world:
"They will beat their swords into iron plows and their spears into pruning tools.
Nation will not take up sword against nation; they will no longer learn how to make war.
All will sit underneath their own grapevines, under their own fig trees. There will be no one to terrify them; for the mouth of the LORD of heavenly forces has spoken."—Micah 4:3-4 (CEB)
A faith-full Veterans Day observance might move from Remembrance to Repentance to Renewal. As we said, the call to "Repent" is hollow without a meaningful possibility to which we can "Turn". Visionary Easter faith sees possibility even for folks like us who thought "studying war" was our only option. Easter faith sees light-years beyond "thanks for your service" to the Risen Christ's promise that "I am making all things new…" (Revelation 21:5) When did we last proclaim that Good News on Veterans Day or Memorial Day? The promise sounds wonderfully, impossibly good. We don't dare believe it. We dare not turn fully toward the Light of God's New Day. We dare not "pray without ceasing" for the prophet's dream of peace to fill the earth. We close our ears to Jesus' disappointed "O ye of little faith" (Matthew 8:26). We offer no altar call for peacemakers in the spirit of Jesus: "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called children of God." . (Matthew 5:9) Altar calls, after all, are risky business. What if nobody steps up–even me??
This turned out to be about much more than Veterans Day, didn't it? Like so much of our Christian life, growth means choosing between the status quo we know and love and the "new thing" just coming into view. What if we believe those ancient prophets? What if we make their inspired vision our own? What if we energetically pursue the blessing of becoming peacemakers? Most of all, how do we get from here to there–and invite our neighbors?
Rick Love is a pastor whose ministry invites Christians, Jews, and Muslims to the same table–for coffee and tea, a good meal that observes everyone's dietary restrictions, and honest discussions about what they have in common, where they differ, and how they can live together peacefully. Rick says Romans 12:18 is the key verse for practical peacemaking in the Spirit of Jesus: "If possible, to the best of your ability, live at peace with all people." (CEB) In this video, he talks about what he calls "Peacemaking for Dummies".
The implications of that verse would take me at least another thousand words–but not now! It will start a journey from business-as-usual to repentance toward renewal and re-creation. I invite you to spend some time with this sentence. Focus on each phrase. Start a conversation with one or a few others about how this might impact your life and relationships. If you dare, include folks whose worldviews differ from yours. Try not to yell! Expect to be surprised by what's "possible"; by how "best" your "ability" becomes when it's Spirit-empowered; by the depth of the "peace" you share; by the way your life is enriched as your circle of "all people" grows. `
Is It Time Yet???
Published October 25, 2017	Advent Declaration on Gun Violence , Guns , Las Vegas , Mass Shootings , Peacemakers , violence 1 Comment
Yesterday I drove past the Mandalay Bay shooting site on the Las Vegas Strip. Almost a month later the memorial site appears lovingly cared for. A steady stream of visitors includes families and friends of the victims, local residents, and tourists touched by the tragedy. Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo still appears regularly on local news shows with updates on the continuing investigation. He looks a little less tired than he did immediately after the event. The concert site remains an active crime scene closed to the public indefinitely. The yellow crime-scene tape reminds passersby of the havoc wreaked by one very sick man.
As soon as the news broke that night, we heard calls for action to address our nation's continuing epidemic of gun violence. My initial reaction echoed Old Testament laments: "How long, O Lord?" (Psalms 13:1; 79:5; 89:46; 90:13; Isaiah 6:11). When is enough enough? But many people said, "This is not the time. First we need to grieve and show respect for the victims and their families." We did need time and space to process the flood of emotions we'd experienced. That's happened very meaningfully in the Las Vegas community and across the nation.
Now it's been almost a month. Is it time yet? If not now, when? How long, O Lord? The news cycle's moved on to Republican infighting, the World Series (Go Dodgers!), and more. How long, O Lord? A month? Three months? A year? Today I learned that more than 800 people have died of gunshot wounds since October 1! "How long" was too long for them. Oh, I know. Anything we'd done in the last three weeks couldn't have prevented any of those deaths. But the sooner we act, the sooner more people can live safely and without fear.
Connecticut Senator Chris Murphy (D) has re-introduced legislation calling for comprehensive background checks for gun buyers. Murphy's been fighting this battle since the Sandy Hook school shooting in 2012. While gun owners and the general public support the concept, Murphy acknowledges his bill has a slim chance of passage due primarily to NRA opposition. He's also clear that his bill is one small piece of a vast complex puzzle. Other puzzle pieces include mental health resources, a more balanced and up-to-date approach to the Second Amendment, less glorification of guns and violence in entertainment and popular culture, and reduced availability of military-grade weapons and accessories.
I DON'T WANT TO TAKE AWAY YOUR HANDGUN, RIFLE, OR SHOTGUN YOU USE FOR PERSONAL PROTECTION, HUNTING, AND/OR TARGET SHOOTING. I do want you to consider the tension between your freedom to own and use guns and the rights of everyone else (including the 2500+ shooting victims, approximately 840 of whom died) since October 1, 2017. One piece of this complex puzzle is many, many honest and respectful conversations between folks with drastically differing views. That will require us to set aside our preconceptions and prejudices, listen and share respectfully, try not to yell, and find common ground.
For followers of Jesus, I suggest that conversation includes the relationship between our daily walk with Jesus and our relationship with guns. Are we willing to accept reasonable regulation? Are we willing to speak out and vote against the NRA's absolutist stance, and support politicians who do so? How do we reconcile our relationship with guns with Jesus' call to love our enemies (Matthew 5:43-45) and to be peacemakers (Matthew 5:9)? As we said earlier, this dialog about guns, gun use, and violence in our culture will be more of an ultramarathon than a sprint. But we'll never finish if we don't get to the starting line and begin the race together.
2015 saw 372 mass shootings in this country. (A mass shooting is commonly defined as one in which four or more people die.) In December 2015 a group of Christian leaders gathered to reflect on this record violence. Out of that gathering came the Advent Declaration on Gun Violence. It represents a considered Christian approach to the issue. Whether or not you agree with every detail, I suggest it as a useful starting point for dialog around the issue with folks in your church. Of course I invite you to sign it if you feel led to do so. I have. And I won't declare you unchristian if you choose not to! But I hope you'll take a serious look at it, read and reflect on the scripture references, and invite some other folks to consider it with you.
It's been almost a month. Countless "thoughts and prayers" have been offered for the victims of the Mandalay Bay shooting and other events. Is it time now for meaningful prayer and action to impact this nation's epidemic gun violence? I know at least 800 folks–probably close to a thousand by the end of this month–who'd say a resounding "Yes!"–if only they could.
PS 1) Here are links to blogs I wrote in response to mass shootings in 2015: "Response to Roseburg" and "Real Live Hope".
2) Where have I been all this time? This retired United Methodist has been serving as interim pastor for an ELCA Lutheran church. Great learning experience for all involved!
"How Long, O Lord??" An Advent Lament
Published December 5, 2015	Advent , Guns , Incarnation , Mass Shootings , Peace , Peacemakers , violence 2 Comments
Tags: "God Isn't FixingThis", advent, Guns, Incarnation, mass shooting, peace, Prince of Peace, San Bernardino
US gun crime in 2015 (Figures up to 3 December)
353 Mass shootings 62shootings at schools
12,223people killed in gun incidents 24,722people injured in gun incidents
Source: Shooting tracker, Gun Violence Archive
How long will we tolerate nearly-daily mass shootings in our nation and fail to take meaningful action to stop them?
How long will we watch processions of victims being transported to the hospital or the morgue—and accept such tragic scenes as the "new normal"?
How long will we watch grieving families weep and mourn their loved ones—while praying that our community isn't next—but do little or nothing to make a difference?
" If only you would tear open the heavens and come down!" Isaiah 64:1 CEB
How long will politicians let their fear of the NRA keep them from enacting sensible regulations regarding gun ownership?
How long will we fail to require licensing and insurance for gun ownership and users similar to that required for other lethal equipment such as motor vehicles?
How long will we entertain the ridiculous claim that assault rifles and similar weapons of war are normal household appliances, toys, or sporting equipment?
How long will we believe the lethal fiction that we're safer with more guns in more people's hands in more crowded public places?
How long will we allow the condemnation of all Muslims for the actions of a few hyper-extremists?
How long will we allow misguided policies and divisive rhetoric to become recruiting tools for future terrorists?
How long will we tolerate the cycle of mass shootings followed by universal hand-ringing followed by failure to take meaningful action?
How long will we talk past one another instead of with one another and demonize those with whom we disagree?
How long will the words of Scripture proclaim our continuing collective insanity (doing the same thing over and over and expecting different results): "Like a dog that returns to its vomit is a fool who reverts to his folly."? Proverbs 26:11 NRSV
How long will we continue to slash mental-health funding that can provide life-changing treatment for disturbed people who might otherwise become "active shooters"?
How long will people of faith trust everything and everyone that promises safety and security more than we trust the One who is "…Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace."? (Isaiah 9:6 NRSV)
How long will our spiritual leaders remain fearfully silent or at best timidly indifferent regarding guns and the glorification of violence in our culture? (HINT—Christmas Day is too long!
How long will we offer "thoughts and prayers" for victims of violence divorced from any commitment to transformative action toward preventing future tragedies?
How long will we whine that "God Isn't Fixing This" when the real issue is our choice (passive or active) not to collaborate with God in healing brokenness and building a new world?
How long will we who follow Jesus mirror our society's attitudes regarding war, violence, and the use of force rather than embodying a countercultural alternative of strong, assertive, nonviolent love in the spirit of Jesus? In other words, how long will Christians living in the USA choose to be Americans first and Christians second? Fuller Theological Seminary professor Kutter Callaway writes about renouncing his Second Amendment rights. I hereby renounce mine. It's time for followers of Jesus to rediscover and reclaim our peace-making tradition found in the early church, the Mennonites, Quakers, and Church of the Brethren,and more recently Thomas Merton, Martin Luther King, the Sojourners movement, and others. More along this line soon.
How long will we talk and sing about Incarnation (God's love embodied in Jesus) while failing to become God's instruments through whom Redeeming Love becomes physically present to all neighbors within our reach?
"The Word became flesh and blood, "and moved into the neighborhood. We saw the glory with our own eyes,
the one-of-a-kind glory, like Father, like Son, Generous inside and out, true from start to finish." John 1:14 MSG
RESPONSE TO ROSEBURG–PEACE-FULL ACTION
Published October 5, 2015	Kingdom of God , Martin Luther King , Peace , Peacemakers , school shooting , Shalom , Tragedy , violence 2 Comments
Tags: peace, peacemakers, Peacemaking, school shooting, Shalom, violence
Last Thursday shock and horror at 2015's forty-fifth school shooting shook our nation. That's a horrific pace of more than one a week. "Prayers for Oregon" memes flooded Facebook. A visibly shaken and angry President Obama spoke to the press and the nation about our collective failure to take meaningful action to stop this deadly trend. Self-interested parties on all sides immediately restated their long-held polarized positions. Mr. Obama's sentiments echoed the many spiritual leaders who called challenged us to move beyond prayer to action. Sixteen years after Columbine, ten years after Red Lake, eight years after Virginia Tech, the millions of words we've thrown at the issue as we've talked around and past each other have failed to prevent 142 school shootings since Sandy Hook.
Yes, for God's sake and the sake of potential future shooting victims, let's move beyond prayer to action. "Beyond prayer" doesn't mean not praying. For me it means maximizing the synergy of active prayer and prayerful action. Prayer informs, shapes, and fuels our action. Action drives us deeper into prayer as we seek God's will while we are active in many different ways and settings. A colleague of mine shared this prayer on her Facebook page: "God of love, you give us minds to think, hearts to love, and a soul which longs to know you. Help us listen to your voice in addressing the violence which permeates our culture, and give us the strength and will to do what you ask of us, to bring hope and healing. In Jesus' name. Amen. (Rev. Sharon Ragland, 10/3/15)
Beyond prayer to action—what action? Let us who claim to follow the Prince of Peace covenant together to return to our roots as a peace-full people. Let us take seriously Jesus' call to be peacemakers (Matthew 5:9), to love our enemies, (Matthew 5:44-45), to choose reconciliation and restoration over retribution (Matthew 5:17-48). Let us grow together into a peace-full people marked by peace-full words, deeds, thoughts, and prayer. We talk constantly about personal "peace with God" and "peace of mind". But we haven't learned (been willing to learn? been taught?) a robust biblical understanding of Shalom that embraces all human activity and indeed the whole creation. Peace-full people refuse to isolate personal "peace with God" from God's continuing mission to bring peace and wholeness to all Creation. As long as any of God's precious children are caught up in chaos and violence, my personal peace as a follower of Jesus, a peace-maker, is disturbed.
The Hebrew word "Shalom" is frequently translated as "peace". But the word's complex meanings include "peace", "soundness", prosperity", "wholeness", and more. "Eirene" is the predominant Greek word for "peace" in the New Testament. It carries Shalom's richness and enriches it further with insights like this: "Christ is our peace. He made both Jews and Gentiles into one group. With his body, he broke down the barrier of hatred that divided us. He canceled the detailed rules of the Law so that he could create one new person out of the two groups, making peace. He reconciled them both as one body to God by the cross, which ended the hostility to God." (Ephesians 2:14-16 CEB) Yes, the passage speaks about the Christian community. But that process of reconciling a broken human family is God's mission for the Church and God's dream for all humankind (2 Corinthians 5:17-21).
Peace-full action by a peace-full people involves (re)discovering and (re)committing to peacemaking and "the ministry of reconciliation" (2 Corinthians 5:18). What a stark (and welcome) contrast to "…the violence which permeates our culture…"! United Methodist Bishop Robert Hoshibata wrote to members of our Desert Southwest Annual Conference shortly after the Roseburg shooting. One of his suggested steps "beyond prayer" was Bible Study. He lifted up a three-session study, "Kingdom Dreams, Violent Realities". Of course three sessions are just enough to start the conversation. But no journey begins without that first step. Let us also rediscover the peacemaking tradition in Christianity. It includes early Christians who found service in the Roman army incompatible with their faith; historic peace churches like the Mennonites and Quakers, and more contemporary advocates of nonviolence including Thomas Merton. Dorothy Day, Martin Luther King Jr., William Sloane Coffin, and many more. Let us reclaim our fundamental identity as peacemakers and reconcilers in the Spirit of Jesus. We will experience invaluable "on-the-job training" as we share deeply-held convictions, seek common ground and shared truth, and struggle to understand and love brothers and sisters with whom we disagree passionately.
Our beginning conversations about how we follow Jesus as peacemakers in this society will lead us into deeper dialog regarding our attitudes toward war and the military; the depiction of guns and violence in contemporary culture; about whether allowing our children playing video games (or watching us play) where the object is to kill a human being (even a cartoon) is compatible with becoming peace-full people; about capital punishment and prison reform; about how we live peacefully in our congregations with diverse and sometimes polarized opinions; and much more.
Bishop Hoshibata's letter quoted the hymn "God of Grace and God of Glory:
"Cure thy children's warring madness, bend our pride to thy control;
Shame our wanton, selfish gladness, rich in things and poor in soul…"
Bishop Bob (as he invites us to call him) stopped there, but I'm sure he'd support adding the final verse:
"Save us from weak resignation to the evils we deplore.
Let the search for thy salvation be our glory evermore.
Grant us wisdom, grant us courage, serving thee whom we adore,
Serving thee whom we adore."
May Harry Emerson Fosdick's words open us to "…listen to your voice in addressing the violence which permeates our culture, and give us the strength and will to do what you ask of us, to bring hope and healing. In Jesus' name. Amen."
Published July 24, 2012	Aurora shooting , Church , Jesus , Peace , Peacemakers 10 Comments
Tags: Aurora, Colorado shooting, current-events, Jesus, peace, peacemakers
"Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God." (Matthew 5:9 NRSV)
Early last Friday morning a heavily-armed gunman in full battle dress killed twelve innocent people and wounded 59 more at the Century 16 movie theater in Aurora, Colorado. Shock waves from his senseless violence rocked families and friends of the victims, that community, our nation, and other nations. Many have spoken out as we've struggled to come to terms with this obscene slaughter. We've heard helpful and healing words. We've also heard insensitive, thoughtless, and just plain cruel words.
One word I haven't heard is "peace". Perhaps we no longer believe peace is possible. Aurora is the latest in a string of more than twenty mass killings since Columbine High in 1999. During that approximate time period, we've lived through wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We've seen continued violence in the nation's inner cities. Movies, video games, and popular music have reaped enormous profits from their glorification of killing and brutality. Our public political and religious conversations have grown increasingly hostile and polarized. Back in 1995 President Clinton worried that public political speech seemed to indicate that "violence is acceptable". If anything, the climate of our public discourse has deteriorated even further. In all these ways and more you could name, our world is anything but a peace-full place today.
The Aurora shooting reminds us that we're caught in a "peace drought" every bit as serious as the meteorological drought gripping much of this country. I believe this "peace drought" offers the Church of Jesus Christ an unprecedented missional and evangelistic opportunity. For too long our response to the church's declining membership and influence has been Olympic-level blame games and world-class pity parties. We've steadfastly ignored the justifiable criticism that many Christians don't look and act much like Christ. One of the most pointed examples comes from Mohandas Gandhi's experience in South Africa early in the last century. Gandhi had left his native India to study in officially-Christian South Africa. The young Hindu eagerly accepted invitations to visit Christian churches. He was captivated by the teachings of Jesus. In fact, he seriously considered becoming a Christian. But he experienced religious and racial prejudice that he found clearly contrary to the teachings of Jesus. "I like your Christ," he explained. "I do not like your Christians. Your Christians are so unlike your Christ." Gandhi saw no family resemblance between his acquaintances who called themselves "children of God" and Jesus their Elder Brother.
The "peace drought" gripping our nation, in fact our whole world, presents us who follow the Prince of Peace with an unprecedented missional and evangelistic opportunity. Imagine if your church became known in its community as an authentically peace-full place. Imagine if you became known as a place where people who couldn't come together anywhere else could come together as family. Imagine if you became known as a place where individuals could learn to live peacefully in a noisy, warring world; where individuals and groups could learn constructive ways to resolve conflict; where families could learn how to live peacefully together, how to embed in their children the countercultural values of the Sermon on the Mount, how to work together to build more peace-full neighborhoods, schools, families, communities, and nations. Imagine if your church became known for supporting people who felt called to be "peacemakers" by taking political and social action, whether or not everyone agreed with every specific action. Imagine if your church became known as a community with a strong family resemblance to Jesus, the Son of God. That church would become a very different place. The community around it would become a very different place.
American Christians won't recover our calling as "peacemakers" because a denominational leader decrees every congregation must do it. It won't happen because some Christian publisher puts out a foolproof "magic box" that can transform your church for only $99.95. It will happen as two or three or a half-dozen gather together around Jesus and invite him to shape their lives in his image. It will happen as small groups of folks, with or without a pastor's leadership, seek to let that "family resemblance" to Jesus form both their individual lives and their life together. It will happen as folks commit to being peacemakers together in small ways and find themselves led into bigger ways. It will happen the way the song says: "Let there be peace on earth, and let it begin with me."
"Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God."


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Le Castro de Zambujal (Portugais : Castro do Zambujal) est un site archéologique de l'âge du cuivre dans la Freguesia de Santa Maria, Saõ Pedro et Matacães, dans la municipalité de Torres Vedras au Portugal. Le Castro de Zambujal est l'un des plus importants sites de l'âge du cuivre du district de Lisbonne. Il appartient à la culture des castros qui dure jusqu'au début des périodes agraires de l'histoire ibérique.

Il s'agit du site de l'âge du cuivre découvert le plus au nord au Portugal. Il a traversé deux phases de construction principales : une phase orientée vers l'importation et la seconde associée à la culture campaniforme. La plupart des artefacts découverts sur le site sont exposés au .

En 1946, le site devient Monument national.

Fouilles
L'archéologue portugais Leonel Trindade découvre et explore le site en 1932. Il effectue une première fouille en 1944, puis de 1959 à 1961 avec Aurélio Ricardo Belo.

L'Institut archéologique allemand de Madrid finance et mène des fouilles sur le site de 1964 à nos jours. De 1964 à 1973, Hermanfrid Schubard (Institut archéologique allemand) et Edward Sangmeister (Université de Fribourg) dirigent des fouilles. En 1994 et 1995, Michael Kunst (Institut archéologique allemand) et Hans-Peter Uerpmann (Université Eberhard Karl de Tübingen) mènent de nouveaux chantiers. Michael Kunst poursuit les fouilles avec le soutien du conseil municipal de Torres Vedras.

Historique

Les premières occupations du site remontent au IIIe millénaire av. J-C. Les recherches des 30 dernières années suggèrent que la région de l'actuelle Estrémadure est le foyer depuis lequel la Culture campaniforme débute, vers le milieu du IIIe millénaire av. J.C. Elle se propage aux autres régions européennes au cours du chalcolithique et de l'âge du bronze ancien.

Le site de cette période est relativement bien conservé. Certains murs se dressent encore jusqu'à une hauteur de 4 mètres et possède une stratigraphie étendue. Le site est particulièrement à une colonie chalcolithique qui construit un mur autour d'elle afin de se protéger des attaques. Les colons, probablement originaires de la péninsule ou en contact avec la Méditerranée orientale, fondent leur économie sur l'agriculture intensive. Ils font également partie d'un réseau économique important de produits comme l'or, le cuivre, la pierre amphibolite et l'ivoire entre 3000 et 1700 av. J.C..

Doté d'une enceinte intérieure d'environ 50m, renforcée de bastions circulaires et semi-circulaires d'épaisseur comprise entre 5 et 10m, ce site est initialement protégé que par une forteresse centrale avec des tours massives, mais des murs relativement étroits.

Sur la base des fouilles et des analyses menées par Sangmeister, Schubart et Trindade en 1969, le site révèle différentes phases successives d'occupation et de développement :

 construction de murs de terre, canaux relativement droits mais étroits, développement segmenté des fortifications ;
 renforcement de la porte nord par la construction de nouveaux bastions ;
 renforcement de tous les murs, construction de petites tours semi-circulaires et de sections ;
 forficiation des murailles, construction de grosses tours semi-circulaires ;
 construction de murs en dalles, de barbacanes en saillie ;
 construction de bâtiments massifs entourant la structure ;
 construction de tours couvertes de coupoles et renforcement des structures vers 1700 av. J.C.

Bien que la date soit incertaine, la fortification est partiellement détruite pour construire une ferme rurale.

Architecture
Le site se trouve dans une zone semi-rurale, le long de la chaîne de montagnes Serra do Varatojo, sur une plate-forme. L'emplacement s'étend vers la rivière Sizandro, à environ 3km de Torres Vedras.

Il ne reste que la partie centrale de la fortification d'origine. La cour intérieure comprend un espace d'environ 25 m de diamètre, entouré d'un mur solide, qui s'étend indépendamment sur plusieurs mètres. L'extérieur est renforcé par 10 bâtiments avec des diamètres variant entre 6 et 7 mètres dans une disposition semi-circulaire ; quatre sont complets, un est partiellement complet et les cinq autres sont complètement détruits. Les murs eux-mêmes varient de 1,6 m à 3,6 m de largeur et de 3 m à 7 m de hauteur.

Il y a quatre portes à l'intérieur de la structure (sud, nord, nord-est et ouest), avec la probabilité que six portes supplémentaires aient permis d'accéder à la cour intérieur entre les murs intérieurs et extérieurs des fortifications. Ces passages courts et étroits ne permettent le passage qu'à une personne à la fois.

Les maisons du site sont de forme ovale, d'environ 6 m de diamètre et faite d'adobe.

Projets en cours

Pour éviter de nouveaux dégâts sur le site archéologique, le conseil municipal de Torres Vedras acquiert 48 hectares afin de garantir la protection du Monument national en 2006.

L'Institut portugais du patrimoine architectural et d'archéologie a un projet architectural de restauration des maisons en pisé adjacentes au site, ainsi qu'un projet d'aménagement paysager, comprenant la clôture du site, la création d'espaces verts et la construction d'installation de soutien, de passerelles, de sentiers, de panneaux didactiques ainsi que d'un petit musée.

Un premier projet d'amélioration est inauguré en 2018 afin d'améliorer l'accueil des 3600 visiteurs annuels. Ce projet, d'environ 355.000€, se concentre sur 13 zones (soit 1500 m²) qui voient leur paysage réaménagé, des sentiers de visites redéfinis, des encarts pédagogiques ainsi qu'un audioguide. Le projet de petit musée est reporté en vue de l'obtention du FEDER 2020 afin de viser un développement à 10.000 visiteurs annuels. Les engagements du conseil municipal de Torres Vedras dans la préservation du patrimoine place leur action comme lauréat de l'édition 2019/2020 du prix Autarchy of the Year organisé par le Lisbon Awards Group.

Voir aussi
 Culture des castros
 Tholos do Barro

Notes et références

Citations

Bibliographie

District de Lisbonne
Castro au Portugal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Con l'espressione homo religiosus ("uomo religioso") gli studiosi delle scienze umane, antropologi delle religioni e fenomenologi delle religioni indicano quell'uomo che:

L'autore che coniò l'espressione homo religiosus fu Gerardus van der Leeuw (1890-1950) che lo oppose all'homo negligens:

Note

Bibliografia
 Pierfrancesco Stagi, Homo religiosus Forme e storia. Saggio di filosofia della religione, Studium Edizioni, Roma 2020

Antropologia religiosa
Storia delle religioni
Studio delle religioni


The Crown is the latest Netflix Original that my wife and I checked out and we simply love it. It's a show about Queen Elizabeth and Season 1 is all about her transition to Queen when her father dies.
It deals with British monarchy, has a fantastic cast, and is really good drama. I don't know how to sell it though. I'm having a lot of trouble thinking of a way to explain why I like it.
I don't watch a lot of straight up dramas. I guess this isn't quite that, since it is a historical piece and seems to be historically accurate. Maybe part of the appeal is being an American and just not having a Monarchy. It seems so foreign and interesting.
But part of it is just that the cast, setting, and plot are great.
My only complaint is that there's only one season so far! We finished it and immediately wanted more!
If anything above sounds interesting you should most definitely check it out.


We are SO EXCITED to announce the opening of p:ear Bike Works, our new bike repair and repurposed bike shop in East Portland. We are pleased to partner with The Rosewood Initiative in our efforts to help support the transportation and recreational needs of this vibrant community.
p:ear Bike Works mechanics (graduates from our Bike Mechanic School!) will be eager to help you with all of your bicycle needs, so drop on by to make your bike happy again!


Check out the students that were members of Sterling Somerdale, NJ Dance. Visit the registration page if you would like to be listed.
Looking for Sterling Somerdale, NJ alumni who participated in Dance but are not listed? Classmates.com® has hundreds of more Sterling Somerdale, NJ alumni listed.
If you participated in Dance while at Sterlinghigh School Somerdale, New Jersey, be the first to add your name.


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text:
Entiminae — большое подсемейство жуков-слоников (долгоносиков).

Описание
Жуки от маленьких до больших размеров, обычно в длину от 2 до 25 мм.

Описание для части видов: Тело жуков голое или в волосках, или же в обычных, не образующих глазуреподобного покрова, чешуйками. Губные щупики прикреплены на дорсальной стороне прементума и направлены вверх, не видны снизу. Торчащие хеты у основания постментума обычно достигают вершины мандибул; третий членик лапок обычно не двулопастный, не шире второго членика или немного шире его, без губчатой подошвы.

Описание для части видов: Усиковые бороздки сверху не видны, направлены к переднему краю глаза или под основание головотрубки без расширенных птеригиев. Подусиковая бородка с торчащей щетинкой расположена в вершинной части головотрубки, если же отсутствует, то коготковый членик лапок не выступает за вершину больших лопастей третьего членика. Замочные пластины шва надкрылий и шовные промежутки на вершине симметричные или почти симметричные, редко надкрылья бывают сросшиеся и замок тогда не виден.

Описание для части видов: Усики большей части видов прикреплены у вершины головотрубки, реже перед вершиной. подусиковая бороздка со щетинкой есть. Прекоксальная часть переднегруди длиннее посткоксальной части, с выемкой — иногда она не явственная — на переднем крае, без базальной бороздки для вкладывания головотрубки. Замочные пластины шва симметричные или почти симметричные. Задний край второго-пятого брюшных стернитов прямой. Пигидий всегда скрыт под надкрыльями.

Экология и местообитания
Яйца откладываются в почву или на растения в разбросанном порядке, но никогда не откладываются внутрь тканей растений. Развиваются обычно на однодольных, в частности осоковых и злаковых, реже на споровых или двудольных растениях. Личинки криптобионтные, обычно эндофитовые, реже почвенные и экзофитные; иногда не ксилобионтные.

Иногда встречаются в подстилке или почве и имеют признаки криптобионтов: ослабленная пигментация, редуцированные глаза, бескрылые, суженные членики лапок с утраченной губчатой подошвой. Часто их привлекают приводные биотопы, иногда переходят к водному образу жизни.

Палеонтология
Представители этого подсемейства составляют около 30% всех долгоносиков, найденных в балтийском янтаре.

Рода
В составе подсемейства выделяют рода:

 Apodrosus —Brachycerus — Elytrodon — Eupholus — Geotragus — Diglossotrox — Gymnopholus — Leschenius — Malvinius — Melathra — Mythecops — Morronia — Minyomerus — Otiorhynchus — Pachyrhynchus — Phacephorus — Sitona — Solariola — Trachyphloeus — Tropiphorus — †Arostropsis
 Другие рода

Виды

Бриллиантовый жук
†Archaeosciaphilus gyrommatus
†Paonaupactus sitonitoides
Trichalophus leucon

Ссылки
 Распределение видов долгоносиков подсемейства Entiminae (Curculionidae) по макрорегионам России — Н. Н. Юнаков
 Подсемейство Entiminae — атлас долгоносиков (Curculionidae) России

Примечания

Entiminae
Подсемейства насекомых


text:
@interface FriendCell : UITableViewCell

@property (nonatomic,strong) FriendModel *friendModel;

+ (instancetype)friendCellWithTableView:(UITableView*)tableView;

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


eThekwini Municipality's Water and Sanitation Unit is internationally recognised for its research initiatives and advancements in the water sector. The city's success in this sector paved the way for many learning opportunities for other municipalities within the country, like the Water and Sanitation Master Class which commenced today at Priority Zone.
Interestingly too, Durban's bad weather didn't deter enthusiastic municipal officials from touring the various site projects that eThekwini's Municipality's Water and Sanitation Unit has undertaken. They found these visits very informative and replicable.
Internationally renowned Head of the Water and Sanitation Unit, Neil Macleod, set the scene for the three days, reflecting on the international trends and innovations that Durban is sharing with the world. Officials were in awe listening to the work that was being done by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation, that will change the face of sanitation in the developing world. "We spend so much of our time worrying about improving other systems but we are not interested in reinventing the toilet. The average toilet flushes uses 30% of a house-holds water supply," mentioned Macleod.
During the afternoon session participants visited the various sites which depict the various innovative projects like the ground tanks, UD toilet system and ablution blocks that eThekwini Municipality has for the community. After the site visits and presentations the officials engaged in an extensive discussion.
Day two of the Master Class is jam packed with informative sessions and exciting site visits. Watch this space for more information and a detailed learning note.


Hi fellow peaches! How was your weekend? Mine flew right by without even stopping to say hello! I spent much of Saturday running errands, doing laundry and working in the yard. I've been dividing and moving some day lilies around and I swear those things are multiplying while I sleep!
We also celebrated Jett's birthday (again) with friends and family yesterday while we watched the Masters. I must admit this birthday kinda snuck up on me but we managed to have a fun little get together and some yummy green cupcakes.
For the past several years, much of our family has just so happened to gather at our house to watch the final round of the Masters so this year my sister and I decided to make it more of a tradition rather than a coincidence. Below, you can see a sample of our menu and I must say my first attempt at homemade pimento cheese was a success. I will be sharing the recipe later this week. I'm sorry I didn't get more photos of our spread but as soon as we got home from church and got the food prepared, we had a hungry crowd ready to enjoy it all!
I also couldn't resist sharing a few "cleaner" shots of the birthday boy before he headed off to bed. Isn't he the cutest?
Happy Birthday Jett!!! My gosh, I can't believe his first birthday has already come and gone. It goes so much faster with the second baby, doesn't it?
I love the pics of Jett in the green...great contrast against the bright pink of the azaleas!!
So cute! The Masters was so good!
Sweet as pie, that one!
What a precious little one you have~and isn't it the best week ever for celebrating birthdays? I know we're feeling especially blessed this year.
I love the idea of a Masters gathering. The menu sounds delicious, and I'm sure the company was just as satisfying!
He is adorable!! Happy Birthday to Jett and I love your Southern Menu!
Thank you all so much for the birthday wishes! It still amazes me that he is already one.
I've decided I better perfect my "Masters" menu now since we'll be celebrating a lot of Jett's future birthdays around that time :) Hope he grows up to like golf!


text:
Andrea Adami da Bolsena (30 November 1663 – 22 July 1742) was an Italian castrato, musician, and later secretary to Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni.

He was born in Bolsena. Until 1690, he served the former queen Christina I of Sweden, alongside violinist Archangelo Corelli and cellist Filippo Amadei. They performed in operas by Flavio Carlo Lanciani (1667–1706) and Alessandro Stradella.

Through the influence of and as a favorite of Cardinal Ottoboni, he was appointed master of the papal choir in 1700. He left a history of this institution, with portraits and memoirs of the singers (in the Sistine Chapel), under the title of "Osservazioni per ben regolare il coro dei cantori della Cappella Pontificia" (Rome, 1711).

He was reportedly highly esteemed by the Romans for his personal as well as his musical gifts. He helped his nephew Lionardo Adami become the librarian. He died in Rome.

Notes

1663 births
1742 deaths
17th-century Italian composers
18th-century Italian composers


In April, Larry and Carrie Carroll woke up to every parents' worst nightmare. They found their 2-and-a-half-year-old daughter, Savannah, had passed away during the night from what was later identified as SUDC, Sudden Unexplained Death in Children.
SUDC is diagnosed when a child over the age of 12 months dies due to a cause that cannot be explained after a thorough examination and autopsy. When Larry Carroll put his daughter to bed on the night of April 3, there was no indication that anything was wrong with her. As Yahoo! News reported, Savvy had a slight fever, but everything else was normal.
In the midst of their grief, the parents wanted to honor Savvy's memory, and Larry came up with an idea to raise money to give away to a family who couldn't afford to have stolen moments with their own daughter. The name of the fund, Savannah's Stolen Moment, was a concept that the Carrolls had created for their family. Whenever they had any unexpected free time, they spent it with their children, Savannah and older brother Jack.
Larry started a Fundly page for the newly formed charity, and suggested people donate what they could to their cause. In order to receive the money, the Carrolls only had three requirements. First, the family had to have a little girl. Second, they had to cherish their daughter as the Carrolls cherished Savannah, and the family didn't have the means to have a stolen moment with their daughter.
Overnight, the fund had raised $5,000, and donations had been made from people all over the world. A woman in Haiti contributed to the fund, and a mother wrote about how her two kids broke open their piggy banks to give $23 to the fund. Yet another mother filmed her daughter releasing a pink balloon in honor of Savannah.
After raising nearly $100,000, the Carroll's dream came true, when they found a random family and presented them with the money they had raised in honor of Savannah and for the Thanksgiving holiday. The recipient, who is ironically from Savannah, Georgia, was presented with the money from the Carrolls themselves last Monday.
The Carroll family, which now includes their 6-month-old son, Dash, still hadn't chosen a family when they decided to visit the city. They took in the sights in Savannah, and ended up going to an indoor amusement park to let their son Jack play. While the young boy was playing, he met a little girl named Isabella who was at indoor entertainment venue, named Jumping Jacks, to celebrate her brother's birthday.
Isabella and Jack were playing when the Carrolls introduced themselves to the little girl's mother, Sarah Williams. As Mediabistro reported, Savvy's parents spoke with Ms. Williams and told her about Savvy and the money they had raised. During their conversation, the Carrolls found out that Williams was a single mother of five children and she worked for a non-profit.
Three of the Williams children belonged to the mother, and she had taken in two others in August. She is very busy taking care of her children and working, so she has little time and little money to spend on "stolen moments." According to a local news station, WJCL, the meeting with the Carroll family was serendipitous because Williams initial plans to celebrate her son's birthday had been rained out and she had decided to take her kids to Jumping Jacks at the last moment.
Williams told reporters she was amazed at receiving the money.
The Carrolls giveaway is the second report of people giving away money after being faced with a tragedy. The Inquisitr reported about Sam Simon, the co-creator of The Simpsons television show, giving away his $100 million fortune to charity after being diagnosed with terminal cancer.
Savannah's parents plan to make the money giveaway an annual event in honor of their baby girl.


text:
Which Martial Arts
Martial Arts Menu
Eskrima / Arnis / Kali
Greco-Roman Wrestling
Japanese Jiu Jitsu
Shootfighting
Western Boxing
Olypmics
Olympic Boxing
Olympic Fencing
Olympic Freestyle Wrestling
Olympic Greco Roman Wrestling
Olympic Judo
Olympic Taekwondo
Brief History and Background of Greco-Roman Wrestling
Greco-Roman Wrestling although named so is likely to be a combination of many European styles and not quite as the original Greek Wrestling (Pale) carried out during the ancient Olympics of Greece. Wrestling was origianlly formed mainly as a form of physical preparation/training of warriors.
A 19th century French soldier named Jean Exbrayat is believed to have been one of the pioneers of what is known today as modern Greco-Roman Wrestling, although he named it flat hand wrestling. His rules excluded holds below the waist or any form of painful locks. The name Greco-Roman was named by Italian wrestler Basilio Bartoletti.
During the 19th century this style of wrestling became very popular in most of Europe and eventually was introduced to the Olympics in 1896 and has remained so since 1908 (1900 and 1904 being the exceptions). Olympic Greco-Roman Wrestling is governed by The International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA), which was founded in 1905. It has to be said however that in the UK and USA, competitive freestyle wrestling is more common.
In these early years, many matches were quite brutal and lasted a long time and in 1921 regulation of Greco-Roman Wrestling was given to 'The International Amateur Wrestling Federation' (IAWF).
Nowadays there are tournaments and championships held throughout the world, with age categories and weight classes.
Greco-Roman Wrestling Training
A lot of work is directed to training of strength, flexibility, agility, stamina and conditioning. Important area's for Greco-Roman Wrestling are training of your core and back muscles.
Training takes place on a mat for obvious reasons, normally with a partner, but a dummy can also be used. There are no holds below the waist, therefore you have to take your opponent down using throws, such as bear hugs, headlocks or arm drags, as you are not able to trip or hook an opponents legs.
One of the most popular moves is the suplex, where you lift your opponent in a body lock from behind or straddling a leg. You then bend your knees and pop your hips into them, lifting your opponent off the ground while you arch your back as you throw your opponent over and behind you slamming their shoulders to the mat.
Greco-Roman Wrestling Equipment/Gear Used
Spandex Singlet (Suit)
Wrestling shoe/boot
Headguard
Weights/body weight
Movies featuring Greco-Roman Wrestling / Freestyle Wrestling
A Fighting Chance (Reversal)
AThe Hammer
Beyond the Mat
Hi and welcome to Which Martial Arts. I'm Mike Lee and have been interested in martial arts for well over 30 years...... Read more.
Street Self Defence
The question about which martial art is best suited to real life defence situations has been around and argued about for many years...... Read more.
Japanese Jiu-Jitsu
Kung Fu / Wushu
Olympic Martial Arts
Olympic Martial Arts Introduction
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Coronavirus: a cyclist broke the quarantine, mocked on social media and was arrested
The Cordoba Police arrested a 49-year-old cyclist who violated the quarantine and told about it on social networks. The man was charged with an attack on public health and disobedience to authority.
The detainee, who is domiciled in Fourth quarter, was arrested in an operation authorized by the Third Nomination Prosecutor's Office in Banda Norte, in the vicinity of calle Misiones al 300, the newspaper reported. The voice.
In the video that came to TN and The People he is seen laughing while saying: "Okay. Returning to the 'Empire' after a day of cycling, rolling, spectacular. We did Chucul – Río Cuarto. Spectacular day and conditions. I had to Dodge at the exit of Río Cuarto the Caminera by the Tropezón; get out onto the road in front of the Airport. There was another check passing the fridge. They both went successfully evaded. Now we are heading to the abode. "
While pedaling the man laughs and assures that the next day he is going to "eat a delicious roast" He also counts the date on which it was recorded: "Today is April 11, 2020." With this action the man violated the articles 205 and 239 of the Penal Code.
More than two million offenders
From its entry into force on Friday, March 20 until this Sunday, more than 2,000,000 people were arrested or notified throughout Argentina for having violated social isolation, preventive and mandatory that the Government ordered to contain the progress of coronavirus.
According to data from the federal forces -which include the Federal Police, the National Gendarmerie, the Naval Prefecture and the Airport Security Police- and the provincial police, the total number of offenders is 2,109,621.
rejections totaled $ 28 billion
OPEC + announces unprecedented pumping cut to ease global market


Like a tender, freshly picked bouquet, it pays homage to the queen of flowers.
A unique product to perfume and decorate small spaces. It utilizes an innovative diffusion system using the brand's know how: scented wax.


I've just run two speed tests; one with speed test.net (recommended by Virgin) and the other through USwitch.
Speedtest.net reported my speed as 95mbps whereas with USwitch it was 25mbps. I ran them a second time and got similar results.


Feb. 13 (UPI) -- Randy Orton came out on top in a Gauntlet Match on Smackdown that helped decide who will be the last superstar to enter the Elimination Chamber on Sunday.
Each superstar taking part in the Elimination Chamber bout including Jeff Hardy, Samoa Joe, AJ Styles, Orton, Kofi Kingston of The New Day who is replacing an injured Mustafa Ali and WWE Champion Daniel Bryan, competed in the Gauntlet Match on Tuesday.
Bryan started the mini-tournament off by delivering a speech on how unfair the Elimination Chamber is and how it will likely shorten his career.
The champion took on Kingston in a highly-competitive match that saw Bryan's follower Rowan get involved by attacking Kingston outside the ring. The referee then sent Rowan backstage which gave Kingston enough time to nail Bryan with a Trouble in Paradise for the surprise victory.
Kingston continued on into the Gauntlet, lasting over 60 minutes as he defeated Hardy and then Joe to get to Styles who finally ended the high-flyer's impressive streak after applying his Calf Crusher submission hold.
As Styles prepared to face Orton in the final match, The Viper arrived to the ring from behind and suddenly took out The Phenomenal One with a well placed RKO to win the match.
Orton being able to enter the Elimination Chamber last gives him the best chances to come out the victor on Sunday and be crowned the new WWE Champion.
Also on Smackdown, Charlotte Flair addressed how WWE chairman and CEO Vince McMahon handpicked her to face Raw Women's Champion Ronda Rousey at WrestleMania instead of Royal Rumble winner Becky Lynch.
The Queen stated that McMahon made a smart business decision when he added her to WrestleMania as she is the backbone of the women's division and Lynch has only had a few successful months.
Flair mockingly said that she would dedicate her WrestleMania victory to Lynch and that she will be watching closely Rousey's match against Ruby Riott on Sunday.
Other moments from Smackdown included Naomi and Carmella defeating Mandy Rose and Sonya Deville and The IIconics; and Smackdown Tag Team Champions The Miz and Shane McMahon having an intense confrontation with The Usos on Miz TV.


text:
Q: Oracle SQL Developer - How to save the whole result When I ran a query, it only displayed 50 rows. But when I click export, would I get the whole result? If not, how can I export the whole result into a csv file? Thanks.

A: When you run a query, we do a single fetch of the results to populate the grid.
As you scroll, we get more rows, in batches of 50.
This setting can be increased to 250 rows per fetch (Database, Advanced, Array Size).
When you do an export, we grab the ENTIRE result set.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Federal Shutdown Prompts Judge to Freeze Hog Nuisance Trials
The partial government shutdown is prompting the postponement of a trial by a federal judge managing lawsuits accusing the world's largest pork company of creating nuisances for rural North Carolina neighbors.
RALEIGH, N.C. (AP) — The partial government shutdown is prompting the postponement of a trial by a federal judge managing lawsuits accusing the world's largest pork company of creating nuisances for rural North Carolina neighbors.
U.S. District Judge Earl Britt ordered Thursday that a jury trial scheduled to start Tuesday must be postponed because jury pay couldn't be guaranteed beyond next week. Britt said the fifth of more than two dozen lawsuits by more than 500 neighbors of intensive animal operations will be rescheduled once funding is appropriated.
Jurors in four previous cases decided Smithfield Foods should pay nearly $550 million in penalties.
Last week, the shutdown forced the chief judge of Manhattan federal courts to suspend work on civil cases involving U.S. government lawyers. A similar order affects federal courts in northern Ohio.


text:
Greece's response to austerity has been to say "no to the Fourth Reich" but yes to the neo-Nazism of the Golden Dawn.
Last week's visit by German Chancellor Angela Merkel to Greece was marked by protests strongly rejecting Germany and the EU's perceived role in Greece's economic crisis. At the same time, support for the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn is on the rise in Greece, with the party now holding 18 out of 300 seats in the national parliament. Daphne Halikiopoulou and Sofia Vasilopoulou look at the contradictions between Greece's rejection of the EU and Germany as the "fourth reich" and the support for a party with a neo-Nazi ideology.
As austerity measures continue, Greece plunges further into extremism. Angela Merkel's visit to Athens early last week was met with strong reactions by protesters – reactions that tended to be underpinned by a nationalist rhetoric, alluding to a language of liberation, restoration of national sovereignty, a strong rejection of external involvement, resistance to foreign domination and struggle against external impositions. Protesters dressed in Nazi uniforms marching outside the Greek Parliament held banners inscribing 'No to the Fourth Reich' while shouting 'loanshark' and 'Nazi' at the German Chancellor.
But here lies the contradiction of Greek nationalism: while on the one hand it seems to be directed against those foreign powers that many Greeks hold responsible for the continuation of the crisis, alluding similarities between the current German involvement in Greek economic affairs with the Nazi invasion of the 1940s; on the other, at the same time over 400,000 Greek citizens have recently voted a domestic neo-Nazi party into Parliament with 18 seats out of 300. Recent polls estimate Golden Dawn support at over ten per cent. How can a country protest against the imposition of a perceived 'Fourth Reich' but at the same time support a real Nazi threat from within?
The Golden Dawn is an extreme, ultra-nationalist and racist party. Among current far right-wing parties in Europe, it is the one that most resembles traditional Nazism in its outright espousal of National Socialism: the endorsement of what it terms the 'third biggest ideology in history', i.e. nationalism, combined with support for an all-powerful state premised on 'popular sovereignty'. It seeks to impose its principles through violent means. It is expansionist and irredentist (supporting a larger Greek state composed of Greek-inhabited areas). The party emphasises white supremacy, understands the nation as a given, unchanging reality and defines the Greek nation as an entity bound together by biological and cultural characteristics such as blood, race, creed and language.
The party is indiscriminately anti-immigrant. Further to its electoral campaign in June, where many of its members declared that there is no such thing as legal immigration, their manifesto promise that they will expel all immigrants from Greece, and their denial to grant any non-Greek (as defined by the biological features described above) full political rights, in practice they have been organising numerous welfare provision activities such as blood donations and 'soup kitchens' for Greeks alone. The Golden Dawn has made it clear: to receive any of the above, a Greek identity card is required.
Against the backdrop of the economic crisis, the immigrant issue can be easily seen as complementary to the economic issue. If we understand immigration as a question of welfare, i.e. who should be entitled to the collective goods of the state, in a country where because of the severe crisis the collective goods of the state are now scarce, the ability of the Golden Dawn to play the immigration card as a question of welfare provision and the increasingly positive reception of its activities are both hardly surprising but at the same time highly alarming.
In the context of the crisis, the Golden Dawn's anti-systemicness can also be seen as significant for its increasing support. The party centres its rhetoric against the old 'rotten system', which is upheld by politicians associated with stagnation and corruption. The party's campaigns place a great emphasis on the Memorandum of Understanding (between Greece, the EU and the IMF which outlines how Greece will reform its economy in exchange for the bailout) and the austerity measures which it sees as the product of exploitative foreign powers and their domestic collaborators, i.e. those Greek politicians who have, and continue to, support it in order to profit financially. Being 'real Greek' and corrupt are mutually exclusive characteristics for the Golden Dawn. Those domestic traitors cannot share the traits that define Greekness: for example, they have characterised the former Prime Minister George Papandreou as only 25 per cent Greek and this apparently is partially responsible for his perceived involvement in the crisis. This allows the Golden Dawn to link its nationalist narrative, i.e. who may be understood as belonging to the Greek nation, with economic narratives, i.e. those responsible for the crisis are external powers and their domestic collaborators that do not share the Greek traits and seek to undermine Greece for personal profit.
Beyond the farcical elements that some of these statements contain, the actual implications are paramount. Greece is descending into violence and extremism. Following the Golden Dawn's election in the Greek Parliament in June, the country has experienced the occurrence of large numbers of violent incidents, including beatings and stabbings against immigrants and minorities, clashes with anti-fascist demonstrators and left-wing groups. Examples abound: from physically assaulting another MP live on Greek television and attacking market vendors of non-Greek origin in the town of Rafina, to numerous attacks against minorities on public transport and the streets. A most recent example is the gathering of Golden Dawn members – and some religious groups – outside the Hytirio theatre in central Athens to protest against Terrence McNally's play 'Corpus Christi' as part of their disapproval of the play's moral agenda, which they characterised as blasphemous. The event was marked by violence – a Golden Dawn MP verbally abusing and physically attacking people while the police looked on only a few yards away.
Besides the violence issue, there are also significant policy implications as the Golden Dawn has managed to shift certain debates – and by extension the policy agenda – in Greece on a number of issues which in liberal democratic countries are non-negotiable, such as freedom of speech and human rights. Earlier this month, following a Golden Dawn motion in the Greek parliament, a 27 year old man was arrested and charged with blasphemy for publishing satirical comments about a Greek holy man, Geron Paisios, on Facebook. Also shocking was the recent decision of the Minister of Interior to request, following a prompting by Golden Dawn MPs, all municipalities in Greece to provide the government with detailed census information of all non-Greek children, echoing Nazi practices of the 1940s.
The ability of the Golden Dawn to push its agenda forward, and to often carry out acts of violence unchecked, raises the fundamental but sensitive issue regarding the relationship between the Golden Dawn and the police. For many in Greece this is common knowledge. According to an article published in the newspaper 'To Vima' in June 2012, significant numbers of policemen voted for the Golden Dawn in the May and June elections. Although official information is scarce and unconfirmed, the issue raises questions of critical importance. If, echoing Max Weber, we understand power as the ability to control organised violence within the state, then what may be the implications of a potential link between the Golden Dawn and the police for the future of Greece's democracy?
The Golden Dawn phenomenon, and the rise of the far-right more generally in Greece, is better understood as a broader phenomenon of the rise of extremes – the decline of mainstream politics and support for extremism of both the right and the left. Perhaps in a country that recently experienced civil war and dictatorship and whose politics has been characterised by violence throughout the 20th century, this type of polarisation shouldn't be surprising. It could be that the stability of the metapolitefsi (post-dictatorship) era was an aberration and not the norm in Greek politics. What Greece needs is educational reform and a strong civil society. But this is difficult: although civil society organizations are now emerging, shifting a people's attitudes requires generational change. In the meantime violence and extremism can have significant internal implications – for the country's democracy and stability – as well as external, for the EU, the Balkan region and Greece's bilateral relations with Turkey.
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Daphne Halikiopoulou – University of Reading
Dr Halikiopoulou is Lecturer in Politics, specialising in comparative European and British politics at the Politics and International Relations department at the University of Reading. Her work examines contemporary issues related to the study of nationalism and radical politics in Europe, including political mobilisation and violence, religion, the politics and policies of exclusion (immigration and citizenship) and the policies of radical right and radical left wing parties. She is author of Patterns of Secularization: Church, State and Nation in Greece and the Republic of Ireland (Ashgate 2011) and co- editor of Nationalism and globalisation: conflicting or complementary (Routledge 2011 with Sofia Vasilopoulou). Recent articles have examined the role of nationalism in the politics and rhetoric of European radical right and radical left- wing parties. She is currently working on a comparative study of violent right-wing street movements across Europe.
Sofia Vasilopoulou – University of York
Sofia Vasilopoulou is a Lecturer at the University of York. She was previously a Fellow in Comparative Political Analysis in the School of Public Policy, University College London, and a Teaching Associate in Politics at Aston University, UK. She has taught extensively modules on Comparative Politics and Government, European Union politics, Political Parties, Political Economy and Quantitative methods. She is the Editor (with Daphne Halikiopoulou) of Nationalism and Globalisation: Conflicting or Complementary? (Routledge, 2011).
Posted In: Daphne Halikiopoulou | Democracy, identity and culture | Elections | Sofia Vasilopoulou | South Europe
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Aidan Regan
Italy's political and institutional crisis means that Beppe Grillo and Silvio Berlusconi will benefit the most if the country once again goes to the polls.
Political communication in the age of austerity: Unless you can claim genuine authenticity – like UKIP's Nigel Farage – then you will struggle to convince
Democracy, identity and culture
Catalan support for the Spanish football team does not illustrate a 'dual identity'
The UK's proposed referendum on Europe would test British commitment to the European Union


Trzecia część techniki saksofonowej koncentruje się na zagadnieniach rytmu. Publikacja istotnie rozwija umiejętność odczytywania skomplikowanych rytmów. W publikacji znajdują się ćwiczenia o różnym stopniu zaawansowania a także 15 etiud.
Once you've completed the studies and exercises in Volumes 1 and 2, this volume offers more advanced study of saxophone technique. An awareness of rhythmic notation and rhythmic interpretation are essential in developing reading skills. Features include syncopated rhythms and unconventional rhythmic notation, double-time exercises in a variety of meters, and 15 etudes incorporating all of the rhythmic concepts presented.


Rate : The death rate is 163.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 162.5 to 165.0 and 14,556 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.9 to -1.6.
Rate : The death rate is 120.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 117.3 to 123.6 and 1,241 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 165.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 160.2 to 171.3 and 718 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.6 to -1.1.
Rate : The death rate is 166.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 160.7 to 173.1 and 586 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 163.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 157.1 to 170.0 and 533 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 143.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 137.3 to 150.5 and 429 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.3 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.6 to -2.0.
Rate : The death rate is 189.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 181.2 to 198.4 and 396 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.0 to -1.5.
Rate : The death rate is 177.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 169.4 to 185.7 and 389 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 183.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 174.8 to 191.9 and 386 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.7 to -2.0.
Rate : The death rate is 195.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 185.6 to 204.6 and 338 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 2.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -4.9 to 9.6.
Rate : The death rate is 125.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 119.2 to 132.7 and 298 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.7 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.0 to -2.3.
Rate : The death rate is 188.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 178.9 to 199.2 and 279 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 192.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 181.0 to 204.2 and 227 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 210.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 198.1 to 223.4 and 225 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 129.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 121.4 to 137.4 and 222 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 158.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 148.6 to 168.0 and 216 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 164.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 154.1 to 175.1 and 201 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.7 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.2 to -1.3.
Rate : The death rate is 158.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 148.3 to 169.0 and 192 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.6 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.2 to -0.9.
Rate : The death rate is 165.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 154.6 to 177.3 and 177 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.6 to -0.7.
Rate : The death rate is 133.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 125.0 to 143.3 and 175 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 163.1 with a 95% confidence interval from 152.1 to 174.7 and 170 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 200.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 186.5 to 214.6 and 169 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 147.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 136.9 to 157.7 and 167 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 130.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 121.6 to 140.4 and 167 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 162.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 151.1 to 174.6 and 167 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 154.1 with a 95% confidence interval from 143.6 to 165.3 and 164 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.2 to -0.4.
Rate : The death rate is 176.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 164.6 to 189.5 and 163 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 182.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 169.7 to 195.6 and 162 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 173.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 160.9 to 185.9 and 159 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 188.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 175.1 to 202.8 and 153 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 0.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -0.2 to 0.7.
Rate : The death rate is 163.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 150.7 to 176.6 and 131 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 206.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 190.6 to 223.9 and 128 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 158.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 146.0 to 171.7 and 128 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -0.9 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.5 to -0.4.
Rate : The death rate is 202.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 186.3 to 219.5 and 127 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 146.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 135.2 to 159.2 and 121 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.6 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.0 to -1.1.
Rate : The death rate is 154.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 142.1 to 168.0 and 119 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 155.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 143.0 to 169.2 and 116 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 212.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 194.3 to 231.6 and 107 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 169.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 155.3 to 185.3 and 107 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 212.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 193.8 to 232.4 and 106 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 221.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 202.6 to 241.5 and 106 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 136.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 124.9 to 149.7 and 99 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.5 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.2 to -1.7.
Rate : The death rate is 186.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 169.5 to 204.0 and 96 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.5 to -0.5.
Rate : The death rate is 238.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 217.0 to 261.6 and 95 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 168.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 153.0 to 184.8 and 95 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 197.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 179.6 to 216.9 and 92 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 190.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 173.4 to 209.7 and 92 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 179.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 163.1 to 197.6 and 91 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 197.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 178.9 to 217.4 and 87 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 171.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 155.3 to 189.5 and 83 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 188.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 170.1 to 208.7 and 82 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.6 to 0.0.
Rate : The death rate is 169.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 152.8 to 187.6 and 79 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -0.9 to 0.5.
Rate : The death rate is 170.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 153.8 to 188.8 and 79 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 195.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 175.8 to 216.5 and 77 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 166.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 149.8 to 184.8 and 75 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 206.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 185.5 to 229.5 and 73 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 172.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 155.2 to 192.1 and 73 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 195.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 175.4 to 217.6 and 73 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 207.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 186.3 to 231.6 and 71 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -0.6 to 0.5.
Rate : The death rate is 198.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 177.6 to 221.7 and 68 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.1 to 0.6.
Rate : The death rate is 140.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 125.7 to 157.7 and 67 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 242.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 216.4 to 270.4 and 66 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -0.7 to 0.5.
Rate : The death rate is 255.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 228.1 to 286.5 and 64 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 179.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 159.6 to 201.0 and 62 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.1 to -0.8.
Rate : The death rate is 181.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 161.6 to 203.5 and 62 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 179.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 159.8 to 201.6 and 61 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.5 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.2 to -0.8.
Rate : The death rate is 159.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 141.2 to 179.9 and 60 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.3 to -0.5.
Rate : The death rate is 178.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 157.5 to 200.7 and 59 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 172.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 153.0 to 193.9 and 59 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.3 to -0.6.
Rate : The death rate is 161.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 142.8 to 181.7 and 59 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.1 to -1.2.
Rate : The death rate is 172.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 152.6 to 193.9 and 58 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -5.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -9.1 to -1.1.
Rate : The death rate is 203.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 180.0 to 228.8 and 57 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.1 to 0.4.
Rate : The death rate is 197.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 174.4 to 223.3 and 57 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 182.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 161.8 to 205.5 and 57 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 179.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 158.2 to 204.0 and 54 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.5 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.2 to 0.2.
Rate : The death rate is 162.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 142.5 to 184.3 and 53 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.9 to -1.4.
Rate : The death rate is 227.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 199.4 to 259.5 and 52 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 0.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -0.7 to 1.0.
Rate : The death rate is 142.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 125.4 to 162.2 and 51 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.9 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.6 to -1.1.
Rate : The death rate is 246.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 216.1 to 280.6 and 50 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.3 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.2 to 0.7.
Rate : The death rate is 165.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 144.4 to 188.5 and 49 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.0 to -1.0.
Rate : The death rate is 188.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 165.0 to 214.7 and 49 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.7 to -0.7.
Rate : The death rate is 232.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 203.3 to 265.3 and 48 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 0.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -0.8 to 1.1.
Rate : The death rate is 188.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 160.6 to 220.2 and 47 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.9 to -1.3.
Rate : The death rate is 193.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 169.0 to 221.2 and 47 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.8 to -0.2.
Rate : The death rate is 216.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 188.5 to 248.6 and 47 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 184.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 160.8 to 211.8 and 47 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.3 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.2 to 0.8.
Rate : The death rate is 170.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 148.9 to 195.2 and 46 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 166.3 with a 95% confidence interval from 143.7 to 193.0 and 45 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.9 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.8 to -1.0.
Rate : The death rate is 207.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 180.4 to 239.3 and 44 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.7 to 0.0.
Rate : The death rate is 207.1 with a 95% confidence interval from 178.7 to 238.7 and 44 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.4 to -0.4.
Rate : The death rate is 153.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 133.7 to 176.1 and 44 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.7 to -1.1.
Rate : The death rate is 196.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 171.4 to 225.3 and 44 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 177.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 153.7 to 203.4 and 43 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.0 to -1.1.
Rate : The death rate is 142.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 122.8 to 164.5 and 42 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.9 to -0.7.
Rate : The death rate is 153.1 with a 95% confidence interval from 132.7 to 176.5 and 42 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -8.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -14.2 to -1.5.
Rate : The death rate is 178.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 154.1 to 206.2 and 41 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 187.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 161.6 to 215.7 and 40 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 159.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 137.6 to 184.2 and 40 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.5 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.3 to -0.7.
Rate : The death rate is 165.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 142.8 to 191.6 and 38 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 5.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -11.6 to 25.2.
Rate : The death rate is 209.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 179.7 to 244.3 and 36 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.7 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.1 to 0.6.
Rate : The death rate is 177.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 152.0 to 206.7 and 36 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -1.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.2 to 0.0.
Rate : The death rate is 198.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 170.0 to 231.3 and 36 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.9 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.9 to 0.2.
Rate : The death rate is 186.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 159.3 to 218.1 and 36 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.6 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.6 to 0.3.
Rate : The death rate is 193.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 165.2 to 225.1 and 35 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.0 to -0.9.
Rate : The death rate is 197.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 169.0 to 230.8 and 35 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.7 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.7 to 0.3.
Rate : The death rate is 153.1 with a 95% confidence interval from 130.8 to 178.5 and 35 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.1 to 0.9.
Rate : The death rate is 160.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 136.5 to 187.2 and 34 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.6 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.6 to 0.5.
Rate : The death rate is 155.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 132.4 to 181.6 and 34 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.7 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.8 to -0.5.
Rate : The death rate is 203.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 172.9 to 237.4 and 34 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -1.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.1 to 0.1.
Rate : The death rate is 216.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 183.1 to 253.6 and 31 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.7 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.6 to -0.9.
Rate : The death rate is 215.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 181.5 to 253.2 and 30 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.6 to 1.2.
Rate : The death rate is 237.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 196.5 to 285.0 and 26 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.1 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.1 to -0.2.
Rate : The death rate is 158.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 131.9 to 190.1 and 25 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 136.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 112.1 to 167.0 and 24 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.3 to -1.4.
Rate : The death rate is 203.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 167.5 to 244.9 and 23 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 222.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 182.4 to 269.9 and 23 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 23.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -0.7 to 54.4.
Rate : The death rate is 170.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 139.7 to 207.3 and 22 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 152.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 124.1 to 185.2 and 21 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.4 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.5 to -0.4.
Rate : The death rate is 224.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 182.6 to 274.8 and 21 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 0.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.6 to 1.6.
Rate : The death rate is 129.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 104.2 to 159.1 and 20 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -3.8 with a 95% confidence interval from -5.1 to -2.4.
Rate : The death rate is 165.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 131.9 to 206.8 and 18 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.5 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.6 to -0.3.
Rate : The death rate is 185.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 148.5 to 230.6 and 18 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.3 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.6 to -0.1.
Rate : The death rate is 226.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 180.2 to 281.0 and 18 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is 0.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -1.4 to 1.9.
Rate : The death rate is 151.9 with a 95% confidence interval from 121.1 to 189.8 and 18 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Rate : The death rate is 156.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 124.6 to 195.4 and 17 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -1.0 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.3 to 0.4.
Rate : The death rate is 202.8 with a 95% confidence interval from 160.9 to 253.0 and 17 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -1.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.6 to 0.2.
Rate : The death rate is 123.7 with a 95% confidence interval from 96.8 to 155.8 and 15 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.6 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.8 to -1.4.
Rate : The death rate is 167.0 with a 95% confidence interval from 129.3 to 215.8 and 14 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.5 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.7 to -0.2.
Rate : The death rate is 193.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 149.6 to 246.3 and 14 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -1.9 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.4 to -0.4.
Rate : The death rate is 153.4 with a 95% confidence interval from 114.6 to 203.6 and 12 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -2.7 with a 95% confidence interval from -4.4 to -0.9.
Rate : The death rate is 147.1 with a 95% confidence interval from 110.8 to 193.5 and 11 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -0.9 with a 95% confidence interval from -2.5 to 0.7.
Rate : The death rate is 214.2 with a 95% confidence interval from 158.5 to 283.9 and 10 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is stable because the trend is -1.2 with a 95% confidence interval from -3.0 to 0.6.
Rate : The death rate is 93.6 with a 95% confidence interval from 66.3 to 127.2 and 9 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -15.6 with a 95% confidence interval from -23.2 to -7.3.
Rate : The death rate is 110.5 with a 95% confidence interval from 71.8 to 176.4 and 5 average annual deaths over 2011-2015.
Recent Trend : The trend is falling because the trend is -3.5 with a 95% confidence interval from -5.6 to -1.4.


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