text:
U.S. Borax Operations › U.S. Borax History › Boron 20 Mule Team Days
Boron 20 Mule Team Days
Celebrating nearly 150 years of innovation
Today, the 20 Mule Team continues to inspire our imagination—and U.S. Borax's determination to keep innovating. As the supplier of more than 30% of the world's refined borates and operator of the largest open pit mine in California, we are proud of our Boron, California family.
Each October, the city of Boron hosts Boron 20 Mule Team Days, a day-long celebration of the town's mining heritage and bright future: Many more years of innovative and exciting research, product development, and community partnership.
145-Year History as a Leading Supplier of Boron
Since the discovery of borates in California's Death Valley in 1881, U.S. Borax has come a long way. Over our 145-year history as a leading supplier of boron, many things have changed. Today, the boron we mine is used in everything from soap (sold through partnership with Henkel Dial) to fertilizers to cell phone glass.
In celebration of this historic icon's 145th anniversary, a full-scale, authentic, working replica of the wagons rode in the 2017 Rose Parade. Construction of the replica wagons took nearly two years, to ensure their authenticity and capability.
But one thing never changes: Our innovative spirit and commitment to our customers, employees, and community.
Dave Engel
Dave Engel is the man behind the replica set of the wagons that were featured in the 2017 Boron 20 Mule Team Days as well as that year's Independence Day parade in Washington, D.C.
Watch the video to learn more about Engel and his work on the replica ›
20 Mule Team parade
Celebrating 145 years of Rio Tinto's borates business. Watch the video
Rio Tinto Borate's 145-year celebration
Celebrating 145 years of the 20 mule team. Watch the video


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Rogers Wireless shares drop after failed bid to privatize
Toronto - Rogers Wireless Communications shares fell 34 per cent Thursday after brokerage UBS Warburg put a sell recommendation on the shares after a privatization bid by parent Rogers Communications Inc. failed earlier this week.
Rogers Wireless shares fell $8.41 to $16.65, down 34 per cent, as 2.1 million shares traded once trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange resumed Thursday. The TSE was closed Wednesday and most of Tuesday due to the terrorist attacks on the U.S.
Rogers Communications B shares fell 15 cents to $23.10 in late-morning trading.
On Tuesday, Rogers Wireless minority shareholders -- with a 16 per cent stake -- voted strongly against a bid by Roger Communications, launched in June, that would have taken the cellphone company private.
The bid, valued at about $500 million, would have left Rogers Communications with 86 per cent of the wireless firm and AT&T; Wireless with 33 per cent. UBS Warburg cut its price target for Rogers Wireless to $20 from $29 and changed its rating to sell from hold.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As you may be aware, the School Disco is occurring this Friday (26th May 2017) night for K-2 4:30-6pm and 3-6 6:30-8pm.
Alternatively, there are copies of the form at the centre.
Should you wish to pick up your child before the disco finishes, please alert the centre when signing out your child/ren. Any children left on the roll at 5:50pm will be picked up from the hall by staff. If you arrive after this time, please wait at the centre for your child/ren to be returned to you.
Please note that the centre will still close at 6:15pm on Friday (26th May 2017). This means that ALL children must be signed out by this time. Should you wish for your child to attend the 6:30pm disco, you will have to pick up/sign out your children before close time, otherwise, normal late fee charges will apply.
Should you have any further queries, please feel free to contact me at the centre.


This strong water resistant and exceptionally light Day Pack packs down into an ultra-compact sack, that fits into the palm of your hand. With adjustable straps it fits comfortably on your back and when not in use it can be simply attached to a keyring.
To support a lot of weight, the stress points of the Summit to Sea bag have been bar-tacked! It is perfect for holidays and days out.


. . . all at once . . .
Community Development in high-poverty urban neighborhoods.
The Claretian Initiative (tCI) programs directly impact the people . . . the children, the teens, the families, the elders, the community. The Claretians have the trust of the people and they live in the communities as neighbors.
Our outreach is real and effective. Claretian Initiative programs are unique because they're designed in recognition of the layers of harsh realities the people face daily. 95% of every donation goes directly to the programs in the neighborhoods.
Your donation goes further. Our programs address multiple issues simultaneously. Every donation improves lives on multiple levels. You choose. Direct your impact . . . be specific or general, both matter!
find what you'd like to fund.
holistic Community Development . . . improving multiple issues at a time.
Multiple issues are impacted with each program.
Programs are designed to fit the culture of the community and to inspire the people's commitment to a better reality.
Claretians are part of the ongoing community leadership 24/7.
The Claretian Initiative program network targets sustained change, developing leadership from within the community to build positive futures—replacing the cycle of violence with a cycle of growth and a culture of achievement.
The network builds safe neighborhoods where people can live with dignity amid urban challenges.
Little by little, the change is real.
The Claretian Initiative (tCI) is a network of Community Development programs in high-poverty urban neighborhoods in the U.S. Its impact is positive, ongoing change through youth development, violence prevention, tutoring, sports, and arts initiatives.
The Claretians are a congregation of Catholic priests and brothers committed to social justice who work to improve people's lives by addressing the very real secular problems of their communities. The Claretians live in the communities as neighbors. They are trusted because they work with the people—developing programs to address immediate needs while also building healthier communities. The Claretian Initiative's programs break generational cycles of poverty and violence—enabling immediate relief while also building sustained change.
The Claretians established the St. Jude League in 1929 to be a nonprofit organization of non-Claretian teams committed to expanding the Claretian programs of hope and change. The League has a long history of effective, audited financial management of donated funds. Its teams remain engaged in the outreach to the communities through the openness of the Claretians. The League maintains the management of all donations to the Claretian Initiative to ensure each reaches the donor's designation.
The first Claretians come to the United States from Spain at the invitation of the bishop of San Antonio, TX, which became their first U.S. community.
The Claretians arrive at San Gabriel Mission, the mother of California Missions, which was founded in 1771.
To minister to the families working in the steel mills, the Claretians come to Chicago, build a new church, and establish the National Shrine of St. Jude.
The St. Jude League is founded by the Claretians to support their programs for the urban poor through outreach and resources.
The Chicago Police form their CPD St. Jude League from 1932-81. Claretians serve as chaplains. Fr. Pat McPolin (shown here) served from 1943-1965.
Danny Thomas leads annual events to raise support for the Claretians in the 50s and 60s. Famous stars and politicians, including the mayor, attend.
Fr. Jim Maloney presides as the Claretian Medical Center opens, providing quality healthcare for medically underserved, poor families.
The Claretians form Claretian Associates, which continues to offer affordable, safe housing in South Chicago.
The Claretians start Little Ones Preschool in Georgia. Many of the students today are refugees, coming from as many as 12 countries.
Image Credits: 1902-1977 are ©Claretian Missionaries---U.S.A. Province, Archives; 1978a is ©Claretian Associates; 1978b is ©Corpus Christi Parish.


For poetry lovers everywhere, this is the perfect podcast to listen to. Producer Curtis Fox shares a diverse selection of contemporary poetry as read by various writers and critics. The dialogue is fresh and always interesting.
The following is a complete list of all known from Poetry Off the Shelf.


Blowout Sale! Up to 83% off on Baby at Average Adventures, Page 3. Top brands include Pacific Legend, SNUGBAGS, Happy Cherry, Banjvall, Terra Living, iXtreme, DANMY, ECHERY, Kiddo Feedo, Grobag, Just Speed, LONSOEN, MSSuger, Sufermee, The Gro Company, Woolino, The Dream Bag, Fineser, Pink Platinum, & LOliSWan. Hurry! Limited time offers. Offers valid only while supplies last.


If you could write like one fiction author, who would it be?
Without doubt, I would love to write like Stephen King. He has so many of the skills that I want to develop.
Longevity – I've been reading his work for approximately the last 20 years and I can't ever wait for the next book to come out. At least 75% of his books are in my collection as hard cover.
Captivity – I'm sure that isn't the word I want, but I just can't think of it off the top of my head. What I mean is that he has a way of capturing his audience and making them lose hours and days lost in one of his books.
Mr. King, I salute you. You inspire me, you entertain me, you've ruined my mind or so my mother says.


Some songs are made to send a message to people, I am not entirely sure here if this is the case for Devastatin' Dave (a.k.a. The Turntable Slave) and his single "Zip Zap Rap" published in the 80s by God knows who and why. The fact is that behind this leathered dark-glassed fella there is a clear message against evil. The evil in this case is drugs.
Then he goes forever, lots of words which I may feel not to post down here but embrace yourself to the video down below if you dig them.
Devastatin' Dave's musical career starts and ends pretty much here. Scoffed, taunted and ignored in the 80's the singer rediscover a second youth and maybe an unexpected and final consecration during these modern times.
As a matter of facts, "Zip Zap Rap" which probably sold no copies at all during his release, is very popular nowadays between the internet users. Tons of references, youtube videos and absurdly amounts of streaming which is probably giving him tons of royalties to spend in anything he likes, but if I could give a friendly advice here and be the devil's voice again, I would say that maybe won't be wise to invest them in making new music. I think we are fine with this one.


You make the best fan-fictions! May I ask for me to be involved in?
I will include you all in upcoming parts.
You make the best fan-fictions!
DAMN! I am not there!
Amethyst: Can I tell you one thing?
Amethyst: You always crack me up.
Amethyst: There's Nobody Like You.
Simba: Would you like to actually be rich, like a CEO?
Amethyst: Cause, I would rather be a Weekend Millionaire.
SuperCub: Woah, Phoenix. I saw you nearly picking up a fight there.
SuperCub: Aww c'mon. We've all got some Bad Blood too.
So don't think it's in the past, these kinda wounds they last and they last.
Amethyst: Me? Oh, just looking around.
Frank: Looking around? You're looking at those girls.
Amethyst: Well yeah, they're Cheerleaders for a reason.
NaturalBeauty: This bash is awesome!
Have you moved on, moved on?
OMG THIS IS AWESOME THANK YOU!!!
No, thank YOU for reading!
I wish you did Uptown Funk.
It will be in there. Remember, it's still not finished.
Oh good. It would be so awesome!


text:
Alfa Romeo 'Thinking About' Rejoining IndyCar
Sergio Marchionne, head honcho of Alfa's parent company, posits the brand could join America's premiere open wheel race series.
By James Gilboy January 19, 2018
RacingOne—ISC Archives via Getty Images
James Gilboy View James Gilboy's Articles
_JamesGilboy jamesgilboy
Alfa Romeo could return to IndyCar after more than 26 years out of the sport, according to statements issued by Sergio Marchionne, the CEO to Alfa Romeo's parent company, Fiat-Chrysler.
"Why not Alfa Romeo in IndyCar?" said Marchionne to Motorsport. "We are thinking about it."
IndyCar's Jay Frye, president of competition and operations, declined to disclose whether there had been formal communications with Fiat-Chrysler or any of its subsidiaries but emphasized that current engine suppliers—Honda and Chevrolet—were receptive to the idea of stiffer competition in the form of more engine builders.
"Gian Paolo Dallara—I consider him a great, the best Italian engineer around," stated Marchionne, in reference to the eponymous Italian whose chassis manufacturing firm was founded in his name in 1972 and has had a monopoly on IndyCar chassis supply since 2007. An entirely new standard Dallara chassis is set to be used from this season onward, and the company announced late last year that it would build its first road car.
Alfa Romeo, however, has not been involved in IndyCar since the 1991 season when it supplied a single team, Patrick Racing, with engines. It abandoned its Formula 1 program years prior, last supplying Osella in 1987.
The Italian brand's market presence and motorsport involvement are back on the rise, however. Its production leaped 62 percent in 2017, and the Stelvio Quadrifoglio holds the Nurburgring lap record for road-legal SUVs. Likewise, after a thirty-year absence from Formula 1, Alfa Romeo confirmed in November that it would return to the sport as a partner to the Sauber team, and a similar F1 reentry for Alfa's Italian sibling and FCA kin, Maserati, is under consideration.
One thing holds true across the car market and motorsport: More competition is better. Here's to hoping Alfa does indeed return to IndyCar and give Chevy and Honda a wake-up call.
Alfa Romeo Production Reportedly Jumped 62 Percent in 2017
U.S. sales for Alfa Romeo reportedly shot up more than 2,000 percent.
Haas F1 Open to Similar Deal as Alfa Romeo/Sauber Partnership
Could we soon see another FCA brand enter Formula 1?
Alfa Romeo 4C Replacement in the Works, Won't Get a Manual
A replacement for Alfa's compact Giulietta is also in the pipeline.
This European-Spec Alfa Romeo GTV for Sale Is Irresistible
It's a must-own for Alfisti and an attractive yet 'affordable' weekend warrior for everyone else.
Confirmed: Alfa Romeo Will Return to F1 in 2018
The historic Italian marque will join together with Sauber, taking on the role as title sponsor next season.


text:
Carol Twombly (Concord, Massachusetts, Estats Units, 13 de juny de 1959) és una cal·lígrafa i tipògrafa contemporània estatunidenca, coneguda per les seves creacions tipogràfiques Lithos, Trajan o Myriad (amb Robert Slimbach).

Vida i estudis

Carol Twombly va estudiar arquitectura a l'Escola de Disseny de Rhode Island, però la influència del seu professor Charles Bigelow i el seu soci Kris Holmes van estimular en la dissenyadora l'interès per la tipografia. Li van donar l'oportunitat de desenvolupar les seves inspiracions tipogràfiques al seu estudi Bigelow & Holmes, durant els mesos d'estiu.
Després de la seva graduació, impulsada també per Charles Bigelow, va cursar un Màster de Tipografia Digital a la Universitat de Stanford amb un grup petit d'estudiants seleccionats.

Carol va treballar per a l'estudi Bigelow & Holmes durant quatre anys.

Des de 1988 fins al 1999 ha desenvolupat les seves creacions per Adobe Systems, contribuint amb el disseny de lletres tipogràfiques molt conegudes, com les anomenades anteriorment Lithos, Trajan o Myriad o l'Adobe Caslon, adaptació digital de la llegendària Caslon del .

El 1999 es va retirar del disseny de tipus per centrar-se en altres activitats artístiques com el disseny de tèxtils i joies.

Premis
Carol Twombly ha guanyat els següents premis:
 1984: Amb la lletra tipogràfica Mirarae, va obtenir el primer premi de text en llatí, en el Concurs de Disseny de tipografia Morisawa (Japó). Va ser el primer any que s'establia el Morisawa prize of international typeface contest.
 1994: Premi Charles Peignot, concedit per la ATypI, Associació Tipogràfica Internacional (San Francisco, Estats Units). Aquest premi s'atorga a dissenyadors menors de 35 anys. El guanyador és elegit per un comitè de membres de l'Associació Tipogràfia Internacional. Twombly va ser la primera i única dona en rebre aquest prestigiós premi.

Les lletres tipogràfiques de Carol Twombly
Llista de creacions tipogràfiques i classificació

Galeria

Vegeu també
 Llista de tipògrafs
 Tipografia
 Font tipogràfica
 Família tipogràfica

Referències

Tipògrafs estatunidencs
Alumnes de l'Escola de Disseny de Rhode Island
Alumnes de la Universitat de Stanford
Artistes de Massachusetts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You've likely heard some of the following terms if you've paid attention to the world of finance: Cryptocurrency, Blockchain, Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, and Ethereum. But what do they mean? And why is cryptocurrency suddenly so hot?
As society become increasingly digital, financial services providers are looking to offer customers the same services to which they're accustomed, but in a more efficient, secure, and cost effective way.
Blockchain tech is actually rather easy to understand at its core. Essentially, it's a shared database populated with entries that must be confirmed and encrypted. Think of it as a kind of highly encrypted and verified shared Google Document, in which each entry in the sheet depends on a logical relationship to all its predecessors. Blockchain tech offers a way to securely and efficiently create a tamper-proof log of sensitive activity (anything from international money transfers to shareholder records).
Blockchain's conceptual framework and underlying code is useful for a variety of financial processes because of the potential it has to give companies a secure, digital alternative to banking processes that are typically bureaucratic, time-consuming, paper-heavy, and expensive.
Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and other cryptocurrencies don't just fall out of the sky. Like any other form of money, it takes work to produce them. And that work comes in the form of mining.
But let's take a step back. Satoshi Nakamoto, the founder of Bitcoin, ensured that there would ever only be 21 million Bitcoins in existence. He (or they) reached that figure by calculating that people would discover, or "mine," a certain number of blocks of transactions each day.
Thanks to Satoshi Nakamoto's designs, Bitcoin mining becomes more difficult as more miners join the fray. In 2009, a miner could mine 200 Bitcoin in a matter of days. In 2014, it would take approximately 98 years to mine just one, according to 99Bitcoins.
Since its inception, Bitcoin has been rather volatile. But based on its recent boom — and a forecast by Snapchat's first investor, Jeremy Liew, that it would hit $500,000 by 2030 — and the prospect of grabbing a slice of the Bitcoin pie becomes far more attractive.
Bitcoin users expect 94% of all bitcoins to be released by 2024. As the number moves toward the ceiling of 21 million, many expect the profits miners once made from the creation of new blocks to become so low that they will become negligible. But as more bitcoins enter circulation, transaction fees could rise and offset this.
As for blockchain technology itself, it has numerous applications, from banking to the Internet of Things. It is expected that companies will flesh out their blockchain IoT solutions. Blockchain is a promising tool that will transform parts of the IoT and enable solutions that provide greater insight into assets, operations, and supply chains. It will also transform how health records and connected medical devices store and transmit data.
Blockchain won't be usable everywhere, but in many cases, it will be a part of the solution that makes the best use of the tools in the IoT arsenal. Blockchain can help to address particular problems, improve workflows, and reduce costs, which are the ultimate goals of any IoT project.


text:
package com.jabely.biz.order.dao.domain.query;

import java.util.Date;

import com.jabely.framework.common.QueryBaseDO;

/**
 * @author fangmingxing
 *
 */
public class QueryOrderInfoDO extends QueryBaseDO {

	/**
	 *
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 8395574457021673277L;
	private Long orderId;
	private String outerOrderId;
	private String buyerMobilePhone;
	private Date createDateBegin;
	private Date createDateEnd;
	private String referalCode;
	private Integer payMoney;
	private Integer rebateMoney;
	private Integer commission;
	private Integer logisticsFee;
	private Integer status;

	public Long getOrderId() {
		return orderId;
	}

	public void setOrderId(Long orderId) {
		this.orderId = orderId;
	}

	public String getOuterOrderId() {
		return outerOrderId;
	}

	public void setOuterOrderId(String outerOrderId) {
		this.outerOrderId = outerOrderId;
	}

	public String getBuyerMobilePhone() {
		return buyerMobilePhone;
	}

	public void setBuyerMobilePhone(String buyerMobilePhone) {
		this.buyerMobilePhone = buyerMobilePhone;
	}

	public Date getCreateDateBegin() {
		return createDateBegin;
	}

	public void setCreateDateBegin(Date createDateBegin) {
		this.createDateBegin = createDateBegin;
	}

	public Date getCreateDateEnd() {
		return createDateEnd;
	}

	public void setCreateDateEnd(Date createDateEnd) {
		this.createDateEnd = createDateEnd;
	}

	public String getReferalCode() {
		return referalCode;
	}

	public void setReferalCode(String referalCode) {
		this.referalCode = referalCode;
	}

	public Integer getPayMoney() {
		return payMoney;
	}

	public void setPayMoney(Integer payMoney) {
		this.payMoney = payMoney;
	}

	public Integer getRebateMoney() {
		return rebateMoney;
	}

	public void setRebateMoney(Integer rebateMoney) {
		this.rebateMoney = rebateMoney;
	}

	public Integer getCommission() {
		return commission;
	}

	public void setCommission(Integer commission) {
		this.commission = commission;
	}

	public Integer getLogisticsFee() {
		return logisticsFee;
	}

	public void setLogisticsFee(Integer logisticsFee) {
		this.logisticsFee = logisticsFee;
	}

	public Integer getStatus() {
		return status;
	}

	public void setStatus(Integer status) {
		this.status = status;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Merrell makes shoes for the outdoors (as well as some apparel and bags), so it seems fair and reasonable that their mission and marketing manta might be, "Let's Get Outside." To share this mission Merrell support a bunch of organisations that work to increase participation in the outdoors, especially among children, and those that protect natural playgrounds for kids-at-heart of all ages to recreate in.
The most recent campaign connected to this notion of getting folk outside has been to launch the Add Your Own Scenery project. People are encouraged to get outside, take photos of their favourite vistas, post them to a website, which compiles a 'round the world database of the outdoor world, which other can view. The plan is to create the world's largest panoramic photo. (Of sorts). For each photo shared Merrell is donating $1 to a raft of conservation groups, up to $250,000 USD. Plus happy snappers can pick up prizes and gear for their involvement.Craig Throne, vice president of global marketing at Merrell hopes the Add Your Own Scenery campaign creates, "a domino effect of shared outdoor inspiration, increased outdoor participation, all in a collective effort to protect our outdoor playgrounds."
Whereas Ed Chilcott, Creative Partner at The Minimart, the London-based creative agency who helped Merrel put the campaign together, see the end goal as developing an "unique, global view of the outdoor places in which we all love to play."
Another recent way, (amongst many) in which Merrell is supporting their goal of getting more of us outdoors is as a lead sponsor of Outdoor Nation, an endeavour to see higher youth participation in the big wide roofless world. Outdoor Nation is currently accepting applications for 18 to 25 year old attendees to their 2011 summer summits across the USA.
Of course, Merrell are working on the premise that when people do open the door and feel the wind in their hair and the sun on their face, they'll remember the brand of shoe that nudged them gently to do so. But we cannot fault the rallying cry of "Let's Get Outside." When we enjoy and appreciate nature we are more likely to understand it and work to protect it. And in doing so we protect ourselves.


I'm feeling a bit, er, frazzled. I got up at six and wrote the drama column, sent it off and went to the gym at eleven to be pushed around by my trainer, came back to my desk to resume work from yesterday on my Frank Lloyd Wright piece, and am now standing by for what we call the "playback" of the drama column (i.e., the copyedited version, incorporating queries and requests for fixes). After that I have to do laundry, pick up my framed Bonnard (I hope, I hope!), book myself into a bunch of play previews, read the day's incoming snail mail, talk to a Rounder Records publicist about the new Jelly Roll Morton reissue package, and catch the late set at the Village Vanguard tonight. In between all this mishegoss I'm (A) bidding on a restrike of a Matisse etching and (B) reading the first volume of Hilary Spurling's wonderful Matisse biography. Tomorrow is very similar, Thursday somewhat less loony, and on Friday it's off to Chicago. Whee! I took some time off last week, right? I forget….
Here's the rest of the story: I just now got back from taking Bass Player, my kindred spirit, to the Vanguard (she'd never been!) to hear the Bad Plus play selections from their new CD, Suspicious Activity? Yes, they were incredible, and yes, I love New York, but I'm on the leading edge of a meltdown, and if I don't get at least ten hours of sleep starting right now, they won't have to cremate me to scatter my ashes–all they'll have to do is vacuum them up from the floor of my office.
Later. Much later. Way later.
Oh, yes, one more thing: the Bonnard wasn't ready. And I didn't get the Matisse, either. (I didn't get the money and I didn't get the woman.) All the more reason to sleep late….


text:
Modul University Dubai
Study in United Arab Emirates with Modul University Dubai
Modul University, Dubai is a university campus of Modul University Vienna. The university started its operation in Dubai in 2015. It is the only Austrian university in the Middle East.
The university offers BSc in International Management and BBA in Tourism and Hospitality at the undergraduate level, MBA (with major in Tourism & Hotel Management or New Media and Information Management) at the post graduate level. At the graduate level the university offers MSc in Sustainable Development, Management and Policy.
With over 70 nationalities Modul University offers a learning environment filled with diversity. The university has an intimate student to faculty ratio of 10:1. Since its inception it has successfully employed over 6000 students in leading positions across various sectors.
GoToUniversity's consultants provide Free Admission Counseling for Modul University, Dubai.
Our top consultants can guide & ensure your admissions into Modul University Dubai. We have successfully counselled students for their admission into many top universities like Modul University Dubai , University of Oxford , University of California Los Angeles , Princeton University, Johns Hopkins University , Massachusetts Institute of Technology and many other top universities.
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Modul University Dubai Programs
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Tuition Fees : AED51380 (Annua cost)
Bachelor of Science In International Management
Tuition Fees : AED53826 (Annual cost)
Master of Science in Sustainable Development Management and Policy
Duration : 18 Months /
Modul University Dubai Application Requirements
A strong proficiency in the English language is essential for admission into universities in United Arab Emirates. To be able to get a successful admission in Modul University Dubai in United Arab Emirates students need to complete IELTS with a minimum score of 5.5.
Modul University Dubai Cost of studies
Undegraduate: AED 40370
Modul University Dubai Deadlines
Deadlines may vary for each program. Please visit program page for specific deadlines.
4th Floor, One JLT,United Arab Emirates


text:
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Spotlight Products
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Slicing, Weighing, Stacking: The A560 and A660 Industrial Slicers from Bizerba
By Bizerba
Bizerba (Germany) - Bizerba introduces the industrial machines A560 and A660 which can be used for slicing, weighing and portioning a variety of goods to a specific target weight. While the A560 features a manual gripper, the A660 operates fully automatic, making it ideal for packed goods. Featuring a variety of application options, both slicers meet the requirements of large-scale and system gastronomy operations, catering companies, supermarkets, butcheries and industrial food-processing companies.
The A560 and A660 machines are flexible and economical to work with thanks to the quick changeover between different slicing goods and short retooling times. For instance, stored configurations can be recalled if necessary. No special tools are required for retooling or for accessing the electronics. The A560 and A660 devices achieve a high throughput of 250 or 300 slices per minute, respectively. Their ability to handle slicing goods with lengths of 600mm or 900mm, respectively, makes the machines ideal for use in industrial production environments. While the A560 is an entry-level model for small-scale production processes, the A660 is a robust industrial-grade machine.
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While the A560 excels in processing natural, unadulterated products, the A660 scores when it comes to equalized goods. It doesn't matter if the products have to be processed to form a decorative stack, shingle or single portion. With its tendency-control functionality within a portion, the slicer achieves a specific target weight.
The versatility of the machines also includes the location. Due to their space-saving design, they can be used in small rooms. Their stability has been improved compared to previous models. Thanks to their castors, the devices are also mobile. A560 and A660 feature improved corrosion protection and a new sealing concept offering better protection against short circuits caused by condensation. Furthermore, both machines are significantly more robust than their predecessors, and maintenance is also easier.
Using the _statistics.BRAIN industrial software, it is also possible to acquire the most important production data and to access production parameters and information about line performance. Processes can thus be optimally controlled, documented and analyzed.
About Bizerba:
Bizerba offers its customers in industry, trade, and logistics a globally unique solutions portfolio of hardware and software around the central value "weight". This portfolio includes products and solutions related to slicing, processing, weighing, cashing, checking, commissioning and labeling. A wide range of services from consulting and service, labels and consumables to leasing complete the portfolio.
Since 1866 Bizerba has made a significant contribution to the developments in the area of weighing technology and today is represented in 120 countries. The customer base includes globally operating companies in trade and industry as well as retailers, bakeries and butcheries. With around 4.100 employees worldwide and with its headquarters in Balingen, Baden Wuerttemberg, Bizerba has been in the same family for five generations. Additional production facilities are located in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, France, Spain, China and USA. Bizerba also has a global network of sales and service locations.
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text:
Q: php variable passed by jquery and get it for $ _GET to another php page I usually go to the news of the story expanded, passes the variable with a while, as follows:
while ($noticias = @mysql_fetch_array($sql)) {
$sqll = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM categorias WHERE id='".$noticias['categoria']."'");
$datos = mysql_fetch_array($sqll);

[COLOR="red"][/COLOR](Leer más)

';

}

but now I want is to load the content of the page in a div and I usually when I  don't have to pass php variable in this way:
the link for load content

jQuery code that I have it in an external file called load.js
$(document).ready(function() {
    $(".recursostopwebjqampliada").live("click", function(){

$("div#main2").load("topwebjq_ampliada.php?n='.$noticias['id'].'");//AQUI DONDE ESTA LA VARIABLE
     });
 });

and the page that loads the div I get the variable as follows:
$id = $_GET['n'];

the problem is that jQuery does not read the file php load.js
then how I can fix it
load("topwebjq_ampliada.php?n='.$noticias['id'].'"

A: You have to print out the PHP variable inside opening and closing PHP tags like so:
$("div#main2").load("topwebjq_ampliada.php?n=<?php echo $noticias['id']; ?>");

Now when the page is rendered, you should view the source and see:
$("div#main2").load("topwebjq_ampliada.php?n=12345");

Edit:
Okay, I just noticed that that javascript is in a .js file. You're going to need to move your jQuery code to the file where $noticias['id'] is set so that you can print it out.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Roku (ROKU) Down 27.3% Since Last Earnings Report: Can It Rebound?
December 3, 2021, 11:31 a.m. ·4 min read
It has been about a month since the last earnings report for Roku (ROKU). Shares have lost about 27.3% in that time frame, underperforming the S&P 500.
Will the recent negative trend continue leading up to its next earnings release, or is Roku due for a breakout? Before we dive into how investors and analysts have reacted as of late, let's take a quick look at its most recent earnings report in order to get a better handle on the important drivers.
ROKU's Q3 Earnings Beat Estimates, Revenues Increase Y/Y
Roku reported third-quarter 2021 earnings of 48 cents per share, outpacing the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 6 cents. The company reported earnings of 9 cents per share in the year-ago quarter.
Revenues increased 51% from the year-ago level to $680 million but missed the consensus mark by 0.4%.
Growth of the Roku Channel in both reach and engagement drove third-quarter performance.
Active accounts jumped 23% year over year to 56.4 million, driven by the popularity of Roku streaming players and Roku TV models. Streaming hours also jumped 21% year over year to 18 billion.
Also, average revenue per user grew 49% from the prior-year quarter to $40.1 (on a trailing 12-month basis).
For the third quarter, Roku's monetized video ad impressions nearly doubled on a year-over-year basis owing to strong client acquisition and retention.
Quarter Details
Platform revenues (86% of revenues) surged 82% year over year to $582.5 million, driven by significant increases in both content distribution activities and advertising.
Player revenues (14% of revenues), however, decreased 26% from the year-ago level to $97.4 million.
In the third quarter, the company launched the all-new Roku Streaming Stick 4K and Roku Streaming Stick 4K+, which comprises the Roku Voice Remote Pro, Dolby Vision, and HDR10+.
It also introduced a new tool in the reported quarter that permits Shopify merchants to seamlessly build, buy and measure TV streaming advertising campaigns on the Roku platform.
Operating Details
Gross margin, as a percentage of total revenues, expanded 600 basis points (bps) from the year-ago quarter to 53.5%.
Operating expenses increased 45% year over year to 295.1 million. As a percentage of total revenues, the metric contracted 152 bps.
As a percentage of total revenues, research & development, and general & administrative expenses contracted 188 bps and 6 bps, respectively, while sales & marketing expenses expanded 42 bps on a year-over-year basis.
For the third quarter, adjusted EBITDA margin — as a percentage of total revenues — expanded 670 bps year over year to 19.1%.
Operating income was $68.8 million for the reported quarter compared with $12 million in the year-ago period.
As of Sep 30, 2021, cash and cash equivalents were $2.18 billion compared with $2.08 billion as of Jun 30, 2021.
As of Sep 30, 2021, the company reported total debt of $91.1 million compared with $92.3 million on Jun 30, 2021.
For fourth-quarter 2021, Roku expects total net revenues between $885 million and $900 million. Gross profit is anticipated between $380 million and $390 million. The company expects adjusted EBITDA in the $65-$75 million band.
How Have Estimates Been Moving Since Then?
It turns out, fresh estimates have trended downward during the past month. The consensus estimate has shifted -93.99% due to these changes.
VGM Scores
Currently, Roku has a strong Growth Score of A, though it is lagging a bit on the Momentum Score front with a B. However, the stock was allocated a grade of D on the value side, putting it in the bottom 40% for this investment strategy.
Overall, the stock has an aggregate VGM Score of B. If you aren't focused on one strategy, this score is the one you should be interested in.
Estimates have been broadly trending downward for the stock, and the magnitude of these revisions indicates a downward shift. Notably, Roku has a Zacks Rank #3 (Hold). We expect an in-line return from the stock in the next few months.
Roku, Inc. (ROKU) : Free Stock Analysis Report
Canadian dollar rises as selloff in U.S. bonds ebbs


Tent hire has become extremely popular for functions, tradeshows and weddings in South Africa. However, before renting a tent for your wedding reception, you will want to consider certain factors. A little bit of planning will certainly help. Start by looking at possible venues suitable for erecting the tent that you have in mind.
Although it may not be possible early on to specify the exact head count and you may also not have any idea regarding the overall theme or style, such as buffet or formal dinner, dance floor etc. you need to set a general estimate if you want to get a quote from a tent hire company.
Bedouin tents are the latest fashion because of their stretch character and flexibility in designing the layout of the space. Marquees tents are available in PVC and traditional canvass. The peg and pole tents have a classic look and feel, and are recommended if you want to invite many guests. The frame tents have aluminium frames, are lightweight, easy to erect and can be placed on almost any kind of surface.
Keep in mind that the marquees types will need a surface that allows for pegs, such as grass or soil. These tents are stylish and generally less expensive than Bedouin tents, but they do have poles that can obstruct the guests' views and make it difficult to dance. These tents are stunning and have high ceilings, allowing for exquisite draping, but must be pegged to the ground.
The frame tents can be erected indoors or outdoors, don't require grass surfaces, are lightweight, quicker to erect, and don't have centre poles. These tents are more expensive to rent than marquees and you will see the frame in the interior, but such can be covered with stunning draping décor. You can erect the tent a week or so before the wedding because the frame type is waterproof.
The Bedouin type is unusual in appearance and is very popular for weddings. It is the latest addition to tents for functions. However, these tents cannot accommodate as many guests as marquees or frame tents, and you have to make provision for added space on the sides, as the roofs are lower. However, you will need very little décor to make the space beautiful.
Before calling for a quote, think about the add-ons required, such as event flooring, dance floor, liner for covering the inside, draping for roof décor, lighting, tables, chairs, linen, DJ booth, and cutlery. Keep in mind that the quote will be dependent on your tent type, size and the add-ons, which are all dependent on the style of the reception and the total number of guests.
Once you have an idea of the size, type, décor and other add-ons, it is time to get the quote. Request information, such as availability of the various tents for the specific date, what the delivery cost is and whether the company can deliver in your region. Also enquire about décor specialists and setting up of the tent. The tent hire company will also want to know where the venue will be. Where needed, request a sales person or engineer to do a site visit, so as to avoid disappointment regarding the type of tent that you can erect in the given space.


In January 2007 a website I designed was launched. The mission of the website was to highlight great writing on personal blogs; to draw attention to blogs that you might not have heard of before; and to point you to one absolute guaranteed humdinger of a blog post, once a week, every week.
One year and several months later, I've been honoured to be the Post of the Week. I'm hugely flattered given the quality of the other nominations, although there is part of me that wonders what took so long!
I highly recommend you head over to the Post of the Week website to check out the other nominations from last week and all of the previous winners, the quality of writing continues to amaze and I'm humbled to included.
Me, I'm always the bridesmaid, never etc.
Congratulations there Gordon. Well deserved.
Well done and richly deserved.


text:
Occupy South Africa was a South African initiative primarily aimed at protesting and inciting mass action against the racial, economic and social inequality in South Africa. It is part of the globally Occupy Wall Street movement. It consists of a loose informal affiliation of on the ground groups and individuals across South Africa as well as internet based groups. Groups such as Taking Back South Africa!, Occupy South Africa are involved in South Africa and online. The movement is also involved with the Marikana miners' strike.

Broad objectives
Like the occupy movement elsewhere the South African movement is a heterogeneous campaign. Some aspects of it deal with the governments failure to render equitable distribution of wealth, while other aspects of it deal with White minority dominance and other forms of ongoing out crops of apartheid such as economic apartheid. Others focus on White media domination and inequity in representation.

Anonymous' message
On 18 March 2011 a video purportedly by the hacktivist group 'Anonymous' was released by Winds of Change Media calling on the South African people to rise up against the government and the capitalist system. This video expressed support for the 'Taking Back South Africa!' campaign. James Lorimer, spokesperson for the Democratic Alliance, the second biggest political party in South Africa, said in response to the call that because nobody knew who was behind the call, the uprising call lacked credibility.

Occupy South Africa by region
After months of networking with individuals and social groups in South Africa a call was made by Taking Back South Africa! to hold countrywide occupations in various cities in South Africa on 15 October 2011 following the same successful tactic used by Occupy Wall Street. The call went viral over the week preceding 15 October and many social groups and individual activists started preparing for the occupation of symbolic locations in their cities. Saturday, 15 October witnessed South Africa's first coordinated occupation which took place in five cities simultaneously, namely Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Grahamstown and East London. Joe Hani, one of the admins of 'Taking Back South Africa!' said when questioned by the Mail&Guardian newspaper as to the motivation behind Occupy South Africa that "no country was more worthy of an uprising against capitalism than South Africa". Ayanda Kota, the chairperson of the Unemployed People's Movement said: ""We, the poor, suffer whenever companies fix the price of bread or when there are more job losses while chief executives get rich. But our protest is also localised, in the sense that we are protesting about the R19-million that is unaccounted for by the Makana municipality, the R240 000 spent by local government on bogus soccer development clinics and the privatisation of our struggle by the ANC." Richard Pithouse, a Rhodes University political scientist, said the Grahamstown occupation protest could stand out as an example to other cities. It had been preceded by months of careful political work involving the Unemployed Peoples' Movement and the Students for Social Justice. This had culminated in "a negotiated solidarity based on equality" between disillusioned middle-class youth and grassroots communities, which had "explosive political potential".

Occupy Johannesburg

Around two hundred occupiers gathered outside the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and gave speeches over a microphone claiming to be of the 99% and they were very angry with the corporates and the politicians. Police later told the protesters they had to disperse or face arrest. There were problems related to the retreat point also at which point the occupiers decided to disperse and return another day. In attendance were activists from Soweto and Thembelihle, the Democratic Left Front had a prominent presence and members of Zeitgeist and September National Imbizo/Blackwash were in attendance as well.

Andrew Bennie of the Democratic Left Front movement (DLF)noted in an interview with ABN news that South Africa's class divide was worse than many countries also Occupying.

The South African Civil Society Information Service (SACSIS) also attended.

Occupy Cape Town
Around 200 attended with people coming and going throughout the day. A hot speaker was set up and speeches were given from occupiers from various backgrounds and ideologies.  Police mingled past but did not intervene. City police stopped people bringing a trailer in and tried to tell a crafter not to sell his wire beaded flowers but the occupiers insisted he be allowed to stay. At the occupation were members of community organisations from Blikkiesdorp and Manenberg, Zeitgesters, Anarchists, and Blackwash members amongst others.

Following occupations in Cape Town were held in Thibault Square.

Mario Wanza, of 'Proudly Manenberg' and one of the organizers of Occupy Cape Town stated that "People have started realising that political parties don't have the answers. They make speeches everyday but nothing happens. Our lives don't get any better, our lives get worse. What is important is that this is a growing movement of change and we have given up on the government solving our problems. We have given up on the rich solving our problems. We are the only ones that can change things in this country."

Occupy Durban
Activist Sarah Dawson reported that Durban had a steady flow of occupiers through the day, and had some really interesting discussions, and the occupiers had the opportunity to inform passers by about the movement. There were some natural arguments about what the movement is directed towards, but a general consensus that diversity should accommodated, and that the movement is about acknowledging a problem. Things were peaceful and spirits were high for the most part. Between 50 and 100 people occupied. Discussions were had about the possibility of making it a weekly occurrence into the future and seeking greater cooperation with other civil society groups and grassroot movements. There were children, guitarists and a slam poet.

Sarah Dawson argued on behalf of the largely middle class attendance that "The movement is clearly not about "The Poor" with a capital P, but about a systemic problem. The 99% consists of people at every end of the spectrum, who have diverse experiences and responsibilities, but who acknowledge that their experiences share a cause."

During the Cop 17 climate talks of December 2011, the occupation seemed to become more serious in Durban.

Occupy Grahamstown
Mbali Baduza from Students for Social Justice reported that an initial group of 20 Rhodes University students gathered at the Botanical Gardens at 10 am.  After having distributed T-shirts they made their way down to High Street to meet the masses (Unemployed People's Movement comrades and many others). As they walked down they chanted "Enough is Enough. We want our country back". While they walked down High Street, they distributed pamphlets which contained information about why the demonstration was happening and why it was necessary.

When they reached the crowd gathered at the cathedral (about 30–40 people) they all merged and sang protest songs for about an hour. Together they marched up and down high street and the louder they sang, the more people from the street joined. People of all races.

On their return to the cathedral, the floor was opened up to the crowd to share their grievances. People from Phaphamani, Vukani and other locations spoke mainly about their need for 3 essentials: electricity, water and housing.

They then made their way to the Makana Municipal buildings and chanted "Amandla, ngawethu! Amanga ngawabo!" Richard Pithouse and Ayanda Kota addressed the crowd and spoke about how although the government officials were not present, they would hear of the day's events. It was more of a symbolic gesture. Ayanda Kota and some UPM comrades went into the municipal buildings and threw fecal matter inside to protest the bucket system, all of which was broadcast on South African news.

After that activity, the police came and asked the crowd to leave.

Ben Fogel stated that Occupy Grahamstown offers hope to the South Africa left, as it shows that radical students and the poor can form a political alliance based upon equality and solidarity.

Occupy East London
Chloe Menteath stated that five people later to be six stood underneath the East London Steve Biko Statue and in front of the Imperialists Old Shack. The small group shouted slogans out for an hour and a half while curious passers by looked on.

See also
Occupy movement
We are the 99%

References

External links
Occupy South Africa
Taking Back South Africa!

Protests in South Africa
South Africa
Anti-corporate activism
Civil disobedience
Community organizing
South Africa
Civic and political organisations of South Africa
2011 in South Africa
Political terminology in South Africa


Md Vanity Plates #4 At This Point In Our Near Daily Coverage Of Witty Vanity Plates, Our Attention Turns To The Often Overlooked Old Line State. Maryland Vehicle Administration .
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text:
Pinus virginiana
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Pinus
Section: P. sect. Trifoliae
Subsection: P. subsect. Contortae
P. virginiana
Binomial name
Mill.
Natural range
Pinus virginiana, the Virginia pine, scrub pine, Jersey pine, is a medium-sized tree, often found on poorer soils from Long Island in southern New York south through the Appalachian Mountains to western Tennessee and Alabama. The usual size range for this pine is 9–18 m, (18–59 feet) but can grow larger under optimum conditions. The trunk can be as large as 20 inches diameter. This tree prefers well-drained loam or clay, but will also grow on very poor, sandy soil, where it remains small and stunted. The typical life span is 65 to 90 years.
The short (4–8 cm), yellow-green needles are paired in fascicles and are often twisted. Pinecones are 4–7 cm long and may persist on the tree for many years, often (though not always) releasing their seeds in the second year. In growth habit, some trees may be inclined with twisted trunks.
This pine is useful for reforesting and provides nourishment for wildlife. Its other main use is on Christmas tree farms, despite having sharp-tipped needles and yellowish winter color. It also can provide wood pulp and lumber. Like some other southern yellow pines, Virginia pine lumber case hardens. That is it becomes very hard over time during wood drying. Wood from Virginia pine is not normally considered to resist rot unless treated with preservatives.
3 Taxonomy
4 Distribution and habitat
5 Ethnobotany
8 Conservation
Introduction[edit]
Pinus virginiana is a species of Pine.[2] Common names for the Pinus virginiana are the Virginia scrub and Jersey pine.[2] Pinus virginiana has the following synonyms, Pinus inops[3] Pinus ruthenica and Pinus turbinate.[4] Pinus virginiana is a species in the order Pinales and the family Pinaceae. Pines are an evergreen tree. In general, they are thought to have arisen anywhere from 153.1 million years ago to 271 million years ago.[5] Pinus virginiana is a perennial tree, which means that it lives for numerous years. They are also gymnosperms. Gymnosperms produce seeds, but they do not protect these seeds with an ovary or with fruit and they lack flowers.
Pinus virginiana is a distinct pine in the United States and can be identified by a key characteristic; the relatively short needles are twisted and come in bunches of two. The needles are typically two to eight centimeters in length. There is hair on the bracts and on the bud scales of the P. virginiana. The leaf sheath of the P. virginiana is greater than 2.5 millimeters long. The cones of the P. virginiana only open after they are mature. The branches of the Pinus virginiana are flexible. They will bend when pressure is added to them.[2] Pinus virginiana are between 9 and 18 meters tall. The bark of P. virginiana is red and brown in color, and also has the tendency to be rough with relatively small bark scales. The pollen cones are circular, almost elliptical and are 10–20 millimeters in size. They are the same color as the bark, typically. Seed cones are spread throughout the tree. The mature seed cones (4–7 cm) are much larger than the pollen cones.[6] The P. virginiana prefers to grow in poor soils and dry loam or clay. They can grow on sandy soil, but this usually causes the tree to be smaller than the average P. virginiana.[7]
Taxonomy[edit]
Pinus virginiana is in the family Pinaceae and the order Pinales.[2] A molecular phylogeny indicates that the sister taxa to Pinus virginiana are Pinus clausa, Pinus contorta, and Pinus banksiana.[8] Pinus banksiana has shorter needles than P. viginiana at 2–3.5 centimeters in length, whereas P. virginiana is 2–8 centimeters in length. P. banksiana needles are not twisted, but curved, and has cones that are serotinous and unarmed. The leaf sheaths in P. banksiana are less than 2.5 millimeters long. In P. virginiana the needles are twisted and straight. The cones open at maturity, are not serotinous and the scales on the cones have prominent prickles. The sheaths of the P. virginiana are greater than 2.5 millimeters long. Pinus clausa has larger needles than the P. virginiana. The Pinus clausa has needles that are between 5 and 13 centimeters long, P. virginiana has needles that range between 2 and 8 centimeters long. Pinus clausa is also serotinous.[2] Lastly, Pinus virginiana and Pinus contorta are distributed differently: Pinus virginiana are found on the eastern side of the United States, whereas Pinus contorta are found on the western side.[9] A similarity between Pinus virginiana and Pinus contorta is that the needles of both species are twisted.
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Pinus virginiana inhabit dry forested areas. The tree occurs in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi,[2] Indiana, South Carolina, Maryland and Delaware.[6] In locations where the P. virginiana lives, rainfall is typically between 890 and 1400 millimeters. The average temperatures in the summer are between 21–24 degrees Celsius and in the winter it is around −4 to 4 degrees Celsius. Pinus virginiana is poorly adapted to fire, but if the tree is larger they are able to survive. Open growth Virginia pines may begin cone production at only 5 years old. There have been documented cases of trees as young as 18 months beginning to flower. Virginia pine is monecious and some self-pollination is possible, but a significant seed crop requires two trees. Cones take two complete growing seasons to develop. Pollination takes place 13 months after cone formation begins, and dispersal occurs the following autumn. Unlike some other pines, Virginia pine produces cones in all parts of the canopy.[8] pinus virginiana is reported naturalized in southern ontario [10]
Ethnobotany[edit]
Cherokee Indians used P. virginiana medicinally. They used it for many symptoms like diarrhea, stiffness of the body, colds, fevers, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, and constipation. Cherokee Indians used P. virginiana in different ways including bathing in water that had been soaked in the bark, steams and oils, root and needle infusions, and for tar. They also used it in certain cultural rituals. In burial rituals P. virginiana branches were burned and the ashes were used for a fire in their homes. Also, they would infuse needles in apple juice and they would drink it. The Cherokee basically did that as a toast to the wind. Lastly, they used the root infusions as a stimulant and the needles were used as a soap.[8]
The etymology of the Pinus virginiana is as follows: Pinus is Latin for Pine and virginiana means of Virginia.[11]
Uses[edit]
Pinus virginiana was used historically as mine timbers, for railroad ties, and for fuel and tar. Currently, it is being planted as in reclamation sites for coal mining operations. Pinus virginiana can also be used for wood pulp, which is used to make paper, and for lumber. The wood weighs 32 pounds (14 kg) per foot.[3]
Conservation[edit]
On the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, the Pinus virginiana is considered a species that is of least concern. It is a species of least concern due to relative commonness as an early successional species. In areas of abandoned farmland in the eastern US, P. virginiana tends to be common.[12]
Cone closeup
Cone and needles
Bark closeup
New growth and pollen cones
Central Appalachian dry oak–pine forest
^ Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus virginiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T42426A2979266. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42426A2979266.en.
^ a b c d e f "Pinus virginiana". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ a b "IPNI Plant Name Details". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ GBIF. "Pinus virginiana Mill. - Checklist View". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ "Angiosperm Phylogeny Website". www.mobot.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ a b "UNC Herbarium". herbarium.unc.edu. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ "Home — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ a b c Earle, Christopher J., ed. (2018). "Pinus virginiana". The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ "BioWeb Home". bioweb.uwlax.edu. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
^ http://bonap.net/TDC/Image/Map?taxonType=Species&taxonId=16936&locationType=County&mapType=Normal
^ Schoennagel, Tania; Veblen, Thomas T.; Romme, William H. (July 2004). "The Interaction of Fire, Fuels, and Climate across Rocky Mountain Forests" (PDF). BioScience. 54 (7): 661–676. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2004)054[0661:tioffa]2.0.co;2. ISSN 0006-3568.
^ "Pinus virginiana (Scrub Pine, Virginia Pine)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2016-12-06. old-form url
Flora of North America, Profile and map: Pinus virginiana
Pinus virginiana images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
Taxon identifiers
Wikidata: Q3505749
Wikispecies: Pinus virginiana
APA: 217
ARKive: pinus-virginiana
EoL: 1033063
EPPO: PIUVI
FEIS: pinvir
FNA: 200005370
FoC: 200005370
GRIN: 28568
iNaturalist: 49395
IPNI: 263413-1
IRMNG: 11260433
IUCN: 42426
NZOR: 9be896f0-82c5-4826-9d86-2a0b557a26c4
PfaF: Pinus virginiana
PPE: pinus-virginiana
Plant List: kew-2562256
PLANTS: PIVI2
POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263413-1
Tropicos: 24900223
uBio: 468917
VASCAN: 7197
WCSP: 380091
WFO: wfo-0000481611
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pinus_virginiana&oldid=991310683"
Trees of the Eastern United States
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Influence of Magnesium Addition on the Mechanical and Corrosion Responses of 7249 Aluminum Alloy
S. O. Adeosun, I. O. Sekunowo, S.A. Balogun, A.M. Oladoye and L. O. Osoba
Keywords: Magnesium, Aluminum 7249, corrosion, retrogression, re-aging, strength, microstructure.
The effects of 1.8-2.6% Magnesium addition on the mechanical and corrosion responses of 7249 aluminum alloy have been studied. Samples of the alloy in as-cast, T6 and RRA forms were made and subjected to tensile and hardness tests. Exfoliation, ferric-chloride and immersion corrosion analyzes were also carried out on the alloy forms. The results show that strength and hardness increased at the expense of ductility as the Mg content is increased to 2.6 %. RRA form exhibited the best tensile and hardness properties coupled with superior corrosion resistance. This characteristic behaviour of RRA form is predicated on the precipitation of coherent and stable equilibrium MgZn2 phase.
ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 Influence of Magnesium Addition on the Mechanical and Corrosion Responses of 7249 Aluminum Alloy *S. O. Adeosun1, I. O. Sekunowo2, S.A. Balogun3, A.M. Oladoye4 and L. O. Osoba5 1-5Department Nigeria of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Lagos, 1samsonoluropo@yahoo.com ,2olatundeisrael@yahoo.co.uk, 3sanmbo2003@yahoo.co.uk, 4modesolawal@yahoo.co.uk , 5toluwani18@yahoo.com Abstract The effects of 1.8-2.6% Magnesium addition on the mechanical and corrosion responses of 7249 aluminum alloy have been studied. Samples of the alloy in as-cast, T6 and RRA forms were made and subjected to tensile and hardness tests. Exfoliation, ferric-chloride and immersion corrosion analyzes were also carried out on the alloy forms. The results show that strength and hardness increased at the expense of ductility as the Mg content is increased to 2.6 %. RRA form exhibited the best tensile and hardness properties coupled with superior corrosion resistance. This characteristic behaviour of RRA form is predicated on the precipitation of coherent and stable equilibrium MgZn2 phase. Keywords: Magnesium, Aluminum 7249, corrosion, retrogression, re-aging, strength, microstructure. INTRODUCTION The 7xxx aluminium series are precipitation hardened alloys which consist of Zn, Mg and Cu as the major alloying elements. Its application is mostly in the automotive and aerospace industries. The peak strength is developed through the T6 temper while the T73 1 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 temper produces corrosion resistance (Tsuchida, et al, 1980). In general, these temper specific properties are controlled by the precipitation sequence given as: Solid solution → Guiner – Preston (GP) zones → ή → η → Equilibrium phase. G-P zones are metastable, coherent solute clusters of Zn, Mg and Cu. The metastable ή, MgZn2 or more correctly Mg (ZnCuAl) 2 appears as discrete platelets that are semi-coherent with the matrix and η is the incoherent equilibrium form of the same phase appearing as rods or plates (Islam and Wallace, 1983, Holt, et al, 1996 and Wallace, et al, 1998). Retrogression is applied in the range 180-240oC after attaining T6 condition to cause rapid fall in hardness and yield strength as Guiner-Preston (G-P) zones dissolve and the solid solution is enriched in the strengthening elements (Es-Said, et al, 2003). The next stage is a transient period of hardness recovery as the remaining ή grows to a near optimum size distribution. This begins to fall again as this ή coarsens excessively and begins transforming to η. According to Pardo, et al, 2008, corrosion resistance increases steadily with hold time at the retrogression temperature. The recovery of strength during re-aging may be due to the re-formation of G-P zones or the formation of additional ή directly from the supersaturated solid solution or via the initial formation of G-P zones. The net result of the RRA process is a material with strength slightly below that of a single step aged T6 material together with resistance to environmentally assisted cracking, including SCC, equivalent to that of an over-aged T73 material. Retrogression and re-aging of Al7075 in the T6 temper significantly improves the materials resistance to exfoliation and stress corrosion cracking (Sankaran, et al, 2001). Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of primary structural components manufactured from Al 7075-T6 forgings, extrusions and plate products continues to plague aging aircraft. A 2 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 two-step heat treatment, Retrogression and Re-aging (RRA), applied to 7xxx series aluminum alloys in the T6 temper has been shown to greatly enhance the SCC resistance of these materials with minimal trade off in strength (Iskandar, et al, 2002). Studies on the effects of alloying element on mechanical properties of 7249 alloy have been attempted with emphasis on improving the alloy by altering the processing route. The magnesium allowed in 7249 Al alloy ranges between 2.0% and 2.4% (Iskandar, et al, 2002). It combines with Zinc to form MgZn2 precipitate which strengthens the alloy. The current study seeks to improve the mechanical properties of Al 7249 by adjusting the composition of magnesium above 2.4% to examine its effects on the mechanical and corrosion responses of Al 7249 in the T77 form. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The aluminium 7249 alloy used for this study was made from Al 6063 ingot. Zinc and copper were added and the mix was melted in a crucible furnace. The chemical composition of the alloy produced is presented in Table1. Table 1: Chemical composition of 7249 Aluminium alloy Element Al Zn Cu Mg Others 3 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 % composition Volume 13, Preprint 48 87.42- 8.1 1.84 88.22 submitted 4 November 2010 1.8- 0.04 2.6 The magnesium content was varied in the range 1.8-2.6% of the total charge make up from which cylindrical samples of Ø1.96 cm and thickness 14.6 cm were produced in sand moulds. After casting, 15 samples were produced and divided into three groups of five samples identified as As-cast, T6 and T6 + Retrogressed and Re-aged. Some of the As-cast samples were solution treated at 4840C for one hour, quenched in water and naturally aged to give the T6 form. After T6 treatment of samples some were retrogressed at 2000C for 40 minutes followed by re-aging at 1200C for 24 hours. Tensile and hardness test pieces were made from the heat treated samples. The tensile testing was carried out in accordance with ASTM standard E8 at the rate of 10-3s until fracture occurred. The data generated were used to compute the ultimate tensile strengths of the samples shown in Figures 1 and 2. The hardness values (Figure 3) of the samples were determined using Rockwell hardness tester with 100kg indenter on an Ø18.5 mm and 5 mm thick piece. Exfoliation corrosion tests were also conducted on samples in accordance with ASTM standard G34. 4 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 Samples for microstructural examination were prepared on an Ø10 mm and 5mm thick test piece. The test pieces were ground successively on 80,240,360 emery papers and polished using diamond/ alumina paste. The polished pieces were etched for 8 seconds in a solution containing 20g NaOH pellet dissolved in 50 cm3 of water. Photo micrographs were taken using an optical metallurgical microscope at a magnification of X200. The results are shown in Plates 1-4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The ultimate tensile strengths of the samples increased as the amount of Mg added increased in the alloy with RRA> T6 > as-cast within the range considered. The minimum strength at 1.8% Mg for As-cast,T6 and RRA are 138 MPa,161MPa and 203 MPa respectively while the maximum values at 2.6% Mg are 152MPa,175MPa and 234 MPa (Figure 1). 5 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 The elongation responses of the samples showed a decline trend with increased Mg addition as elongation peaked at 1.8% Mg and the corresponding values for As-cast, T6 and RRA are 8,6 and 5 respectively. Minimum elongation occurred at 2.6% Mg having 4, 2 and 2% elongation respectively for As-cast, T6 and RRA (Figure 2). The hardness of test samples increase in nearly a linear pattern as magnesium content increases for the three groups. The T6 and RRA samples exhibited improved hardness over the As-cast samples in tandem with Mg content. However, RRA samples demonstrated superior hardness values throughout the range. Thus, the minimum hardness values at 1.8% Mg for As-cast, T6 and RRA samples are 32, 35 and 48 HRN respectively (Figure 3). These trends indicate that strength and hardness properties can be improved in the alloy if MgZn2 precipitates are induced in the matrix (Siddiqui, et al, 2000). In Figure 4, corrosion rate of the alloy forms initially increased to a peak value of 350, 290 and 150MPy for As-cast, T6 and RRA test samples after about 50 hrs and thereafter 6 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 decreased. The RRA form demonstrated superior resistance during exfoliation test and also show good resistance to corrosion in ferric-chloride solution. The peak value of 50 MPy for RRA was attained at 50hrs and decreased slowly to about 25MPy after 300hrs (Figure 5). The immersion test does not have significant effect on the test forms of the alloy. This however, does not diminish the RRA capacity to resist corrosion as shown in Figure 6. Its maximum value of 0.3 MPy was attained after about 300 hrs of exposure. Better corrosion resistance of RRA is linked to the precipitation of the MgZn2 phase possessing high positive electrode potential which is retained during corrosion tests and the erosion of low electrode potential intermetallic phases present in the alloy. The amount of MgZn2 precipitates at the grain boundaries decreases in the alloy forms in the order: Ascast > T6 > retrogressed and Re-aged (Plate 1). At 2.6% Mg addition most of the added Mg is in solution (Plate 2). The T6 form contains substantial precipitation of MgZn2 at the grain boundaries which increased strongly with retrogression and re-aging treatments (Dumont, et al, 2003). The samples in Plate 1 corroded in decreasing pattern as the amount of MgZn2 precipitated decreases (Plate 3). At 2.6% Mg addition, the corrosion resistance increased as the alloy is 7 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 retrogressed and re-aged. The resistance is due to the preservation of strength-promoting MgZn2 phase at the expense of other intermetallics (Plate 4). (a) (b) (c) Plate1 Microstructure forms of Al 7249 with 1.8% wt Mg content (a) as-cast (b) T6 (c) RRA. (a) (b) (c) Plate 2 Microstructure forms of Al 7249 with 2.6% wt Mg content (a) as-cast (b) T6 (c) RRA. 8 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 (a) Volume 13, Preprint 48 (b) submitted 4 November 2010 (c) Plate3 Microstructure forms of Al 7249 with 1.8% wt Mg content (a) as-cast (b) T6 (c) RRA. (a) (b) (c) Plate 4 Microstructure forms of Al 7249 with 2.6 wt% Mg content (a) As-cast (b) T6 (c) RRA. Conclusion The exfoliation result obtained for RRA form of the alloy in this study is similar to that obtained by Es-said et al [5]. This study has shown that strength increment and exfoliation resistance of this alloy can be improved upon with magnesium addition above the 2.4% earlier specified. The strength obtained for the RRA sample at 2.6% Mg addition is superior (235MPa) to the naturally aged at both zero and 168 natural aging hours (207MPa) recorded in the work of Iskandar et al, 2002. 9 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 REFERENCES [1] 'Relationship between Microstructure, Strength and Toughness in AA7050 Aluminium alloy.' D. Dumont, A. Deschamps, And Y. Brechet , Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A, 356, 1-2, pp. 326-336,2003. [2] 'The Effect of Retrogression and Re-ageing on the 7249 Aluminium alloy.' O. Es-Said , W. Fraizer, And E. Lee, Journal of Materials, pp. 45-48, 2003. [3] 'RRA Treatment of 7075-T6 Aluminium Components' R. Holt, V. Parameswaran And N. Wallace, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal,42, 2, pp. 83-87, 1996. [4] 'The Effect of Varying the Solution Treatment Temperature, Natural Ageing Treatment and Artificial Ageing Treatment on the Mechanical Strength of 7249 Aluminium alloy' M. Iskandar , D. Reyes, Y. Gaxiola , E. Fudge, J. Foyos, E. Lee,P. Kalu, H. Garmestani, And O. EsSaid , Materials Science Forum, 396-402, pp. 1121-1126, 2002 . [5] Retrogression and Re-ageing Response of 7475 Aluminium alloy' M. Islam, And W. Wallace, Metals Technology, 10, pp. 386-392,1983. [6] 'Corrosion Behaviour of Magnesium/Aluminium Alloys in 3.5wt% NaCl' A. Pardo, M. Merino, A. Coy, R. Aracabat, F. VIEJO, And Y. Matykina , Journal of Corrosion Science, 50, 3, pp. 323-334, 2008. [7] 'Effects of Pitting Corrosion on the Fatigue Behaviour of Aluminium alloy 7075-T6: Modeling and Experimental Studies.' K. Sankaran, R. Perez And K. Jata , Journal of Materials Science and Engineering A, 297, 1-2, pp.223-229, 2000. 10 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work. ISSN 1466-8858 Volume 13, Preprint 48 submitted 4 November 2010 [8] 'Influence of Ageing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of 6063 Aluminium alloy' R. Siddiqui, H. Abdullah and K. Belushi , Journal of Materials Processing Technology,102, 1-3, pp. 234-240, 2000. [9] 'Heat Treatment of Aluminium Alloys', S. Tsuchida, H. Yoshida And Hirano, S, Light Metals Technical Reports, 31, 2, pp. 28-45, 1980. [10] 'Retrogression and Re-ageing Revisited', W. Wallace, R. Holt, C. Butler And D. DuQuesnay , Key Engineering Materials, 145-149, 2, pp. 1043-1052,1998. 11 © 2010 University of Manchester and the authors. This is a preprint of a paper that has been submitted for publication in the Journal of Corrosion Science and Engineering. It will be reviewed and, subject to the reviewers' comments, be published online at http://www.jcse.org in due course. Until such time as it has been fully published it should not normally be referenced in published work.


Having a common sense of purpose in any organisation is important as it sets out its guiding principles, which all levels of the organisation can strive towards, it units the organisation at all levels, from the associate on the shop floor to the managing director of the company, its a frame work for everyone to work towards, this unites the team at all levels.
At Jaguar Landrover this common scene of purpose is known as the "Company Vision." It defines the companies purpose and identity, and the values it stands for.
Its aim is to motivate and engage people, without this common understanding of the companies goals, and principles people have nothing to measure their day to day work efforts against, and the will to do their best, the loss of this "will to do the right thing" will result in the loss of productivity and quality. A common scene of purpose makes the employee feel a scene of belonging toward the company, or team they work in, it promotes a commitment to the organisation, it drives them to put in that little extra effort, when an employee has bought into this, they develop scene of loyalty to the organisation, they feel more satisfied with their working conditions and pay, and this motivates them to stay with the company, or keep chipping away at that seemingly relentless task.
However the common sense of purpose is not confined to the employees of the company only, it also reflects on suppliers and customers, to that company, they feed of the host company as it were, they benefit by association, knowing that they too are part of the host companies success, or have purchased, bought into part of that organisations reputation.


The temperatures may be rising into the nineties this week but Joan Brown, known to many locals as the Road Kill Chef, isn't slowing down in her garden.
"Sometimes I have to tell myself, Joan slow down you can't work like you used to," she said with a smile.
But those years of hard work are being recognized.
Powdery mildew is probably the most common garden fungus around. It is not too terribly picky about where it spreads, it likes humid weather, thrives in the heat of the summer and is hard to control once it has started.
The trick here is to prevent it from happening by proper plant selection, spacing, pruning and treatment before it spreads.
Several different fungi cause powdery mildew. I won't bore you with their names because they all act the same way.
It seems that we have been spoiled: a decade of mostly mild winters has led us to believe that all those border line hardy plants would never get knocked back by a cold winter.
Well, I have seen quite a few crape myrtles, figs and French hydrangeas that are struggling to come back on old wood. Fear not, however, because these plants are root hardy and will sprout new growth from the roots.
Birdwatchers, gardeners and backyard enthusiasts are busy filling their red plastic feeders with sugar water as summer approaches in hopes of attracting a large selection of the swift, speedy, allusive hummingbird.
The species include the smallest bird in the world – the bee hummingbird – and they can fly up to 30 miles per hour. When diving, their wings can flap 200 times per second, and they can travel at over 60 miles per hour.
Hummingbirds hover, fly sideways, backwards and have even been known to go upside-down.
While the youth rabbit show kicked of the Shelby County Fair on Monday, the bulk of the 4-H, youth and open animal shows begin today.
Many of the animal shows will require a good deal of preparation, but Walt Reichert, the horticulture technician at the Shelby County Cooperative Extension Office and avid chicken and rabbit shower, says there isn't as much preparation required in the small stock shows as there might be with the larger animals.
The Shelbyville City Council approved on first reading Thursday a text amendment to the zoning ordinance to allow distilleries on property zoned Agriculture but not without a lengthy discussion.
The second reading of the ordinance will be at the council's next meeting on June 26. The June 19 meeting has been cancelled due to scheduling conflicts.
The proposed changes were originally set to allow distilleries in areas zoned Limited Interchange (X-1), Commercial (C-4), and Agricultural (A) as long as the property had a minimum of five acres.
With hemp seeds just getting into the ground, farmers around the state, including in Shelby, still have a lot of questions about the possibility of growing industrial hemp.
Sen. Paul Hornback (R-Shelbyville), chair of the Agriculture Committee, said he's had some feedback from farmers who say they aren't quite sure what would be involved.
"We will have some meetings about it later on," he said.
Shelby County Farmer Ray Tucker said he had done some research online about growing industrial hemp and he has some concerns.
For the first time in more than 20 years, a Shelby County woman has been inducted in the Kentucky Master Farm Homemakers Guild.
"It's a big deal. It's very exciting," said Shelia Fawbush from the Shelby County Cooperative Extension office and a member of the Kentucky Extension Homemakers Association.
Hawkins, a farm homemaker, farmer's market vendor and vice president and loan manager at Citizens Union Bank, was recognized and honored as the newest member to the guild at the state MFHG meeting last month in Bowling Green.
Every year about this time I write about carpenter bees.
We live in a wood house and they love us. And this year they have really pushed the limit of reasonable bee behavior.
I absolutely do not approve of killing bees, but I will have to make an exception this year. Most bees are welcome around the farm especially since the nation's bee population is in a bit of a crisis with the suspected cause being the use of pesticides, notably neonicotinoids.
LEXINGTON, Ky. —The University of Kentucky launched its industrial hemp pilot program Tuesday when hemp seeds were planted at Spindletop Farm, marking another milestone in the drive to restore industrial hemp production to the commonwealth.


Only now is the promise of advanced analytics catching up to the hype. Take customer analytics. Companies that use it extensively see profit improvements 126 percent higher than competitors who don't. And when it comes to sales improvements through the extensive use of advanced analytics, the difference is even larger: 131 percent.3 3. "Five facts: How customer analytics boosts corporate performance," lapetitemort.info on Marketing & Sales, July 2014.


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Ya! The Time Has Come for Latinos to Claim Our Place in American Society
Andrés Tapia addresses the economic and untapped political strength of the Latino community. He encourages the community to review and leverage this strength to take its rightful place as a power broker in society.
by Andrés T. Tapia —
(This article was originally published on LatinPost.com http://www.latinpost.com/articles/21389/20140915/ya-time-come-latinos-claim-place-american-society.htm)
U.S. Capitol Dome
It's up to us to have our power match our numbers
Power-cito, my Spanglish word for power-with-a-lowercase-p, is the Achilles heel of the surging Latino narrative. Despite our supersized growth, we have too much evidence that our power in many areas of society does not match our numbers.
As we joyfully celebrate and share our Latino roots during this year's Hispanic Heritage Month, let's also challenge ourselves to step it up and make our presence known and felt. Because when it comes to executive and senior leadership positions, political representation, and a marketplace that knows and meets our needs, we are not yet fully accounted for.
In leadership, according to the Hispanic Association on Corporate Responsibility, among the 1,200 executive and director positions available in its 2009 Corporate Inclusion Index, Hispanics held only 61 of those positions. That's 7.9 percent. In 2013, it went down to 7.3 percent. Additionally, only 18 percent of Latinos work in management, professional, or similarly related positions.
Politically, we Latinos do not vote in numbers that the size of our population would suggest. In Arizona, for example, Latinos make up about 31 percent of the state's population. Two-thirds (67 percent) of this population is native born, with a median age of 25 and a 57 percent home-ownership rate. These are the indicators of a potentially influential, voting-eligible population. Yet, many Latinos believe recent Arizona immigration legislation is detrimental to their community.
In the marketplace, there are still too few choices for products and services that cater to the needs, wants, and aspirations of the broad diversity within the Latino community — from the Spanish-dominant first generation Latino immigrant to the fourth generation Spanglish professional to the affluent MBA on the executive track.
The headwinds are both external as well as within ourselves. We must be vigilant about any discrimination and rally our allies in squelching it. A 2013 Harris Interactive poll found that over 75 percent of Latinos feel people with their background are discriminated against in the form of not being hired or promoted for a job and being called names or insulted.
But we ourselves also get in our own way as we seek to rise to the top. For example, many of the highly energized Latino advocacy organizations have a reputation for not being collaborative, and instead being highly competitive with one another. National origins and territoriality get in the way. A zero-sum game mindset feeds this.
We therefore have a splintering of advocacy groups — many doing insightful, passionate, committed work, but not in a coordinated, scalable way. But this splintering is what contributes to Latinos not displaying strength commensurate with our numbers.
It's Up To Us
But it's time we stop looking to others to hand us the power. We need to, and can, rise up to meet it. For us as individuals, it depends on our own ability and willingness to speak up for ourselves and being able to take the more calculated risks required of leaders. And collectively it's about finding ways to minimize the differences within our own Latino ranks and being able to leverage the many things we have in common to advocate more effectively for what we need and want.
Here's what we can stand on. Fifty-five million Latinos, and growing, are out there shopping, traveling, banking, studying, and raising families. The Latino purchasing power of $1.4 trillion in 2014, the fastest growing in the United States, is greater than the economies of 11 nations, including Mexico, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, and Indonesia.
And as companies struggle with growth, Latinos offer a marketer's dream target audience — young, growing, and underserved. With one-third under the age of 18 and 25 percent in their 20s and 30s, the majority of Latinos are near the peak of their spending years.
As we become homeowners, we are driving growth in the household goods industry at a time when other groups are cutting back on these purchases. The familia focus leads to purchasing for the here and now. Latinos over-index compared to other groups in the purchase of toys, BBQ grills, furniture, and eating out. This is consumerism driven by a worldview of many Latinos that what matters most is hoy (today), for who knows what mañana (tomorrow) will bring.
Even with the high unemployment tied to the Great Recession, Latinos account for 13 percent of the workforce and have a participation rate of roughly 68 percent. This is a higher workforce participation rate than among whites, African-Americans or Asians. From a numbers perspective, companies unsuccessful at sourcing, attracting, and engaging this talent pool will see their talent pipeline shrivel up.
Hispanics are tasting the fruits of entrepreneurship as well. According to a 2013 Geoscape study, Hispanic-owned business have grown to over 3 million, a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2013, outpacing the growth rate for any other demographic group. They generated over $468 billion in revenues.
In addition, Latinos made a key difference in how the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections went. And with now both major parties deeply disappointing Latinos in one way or another, we are in a position to be more demanding about what it will take to win our votes.
So here we are. According to Pew Hispanic Research, Latinos are twenty-one percent of the millennial population. This is the precursor to all Latinos expected to be one-third of the U.S. by 2050. Latino is not a niche market; it is the market. Twenty-five million eligible voters nationwide, and over 6 million in places like California is not a side constituency, it is the margin of victory. Sixty-nine percent of Latinos going to college, the largest percentage of any ethnic group including whites, is not just a student body ratio, it is the future workforce.
We have the numbers behind us, as well as our optimism, our energy, and our ambitions. But we have to stop waiting for others to make the way for us. Se hace el camino al andar, you make your path as you walk it. Let's stop playing it safe and instead take the necessary steps to be seen as the future power brokers of how things are going to be.
We have a the rest of this month to reflect on this. From there, time to take action.
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