text:
Around Oklahoma College OU Sooners
Sooners awarded No. 6 seed in Austin Regional
April 26, 2018 April 26, 2018 Ken MacLeod
For the seventh time under head coach Veronique Drouin-Luttrell, Oklahoma women's golf has been selected to compete in the NCAA Golf Championships. The 20th-ranked Sooners were selected by the NCAA Division I Women's Golf Committee as the No. 6 seed in the NCAA Austin Regional, which will be held May 7-9 at University of Texas Golf Club in Austin, Texas.
The 18-team regional, hosted by Texas, is one of four 54-hole preliminary events for the NCAA Championship finals. The six schools with the lowest scores and three top-finishing individuals not on an advancing team from each regional will move on to the finals, which are set for May 18-23 at Karsten Creek Golf Club in Stillwater, Okla.
"We're excited to be selected to play in the NCAA Austin Regional," said Drouin-Luttrell. "The selection show is always a nerve racking moment because we don't know where we'll end up and it's out of our control. Heading to Austin, we'll have to go play our own game. We're as good as any team out there and can't wait to get going."
The Sooners will be joined in Austin by Arkansas, Texas, Michigan State, Florida, Auburn, Houston, Miami, Baylor, Texas A&M, BYU, East Carolina, Texas Tech, Virginia Tech, UTSA, Georgetown, Houston Baptist and Missouri State.
Six additional golfers were selected to compete in the field as individuals: Brigitte Dunne (SMU), Xiaolin Tian (Maryland), Greta Bruner (TCU), Katrina Prendergast (Colorado State), Ellen Secor (Colorado State) and Faith Summers (SMU).
The Sooners played the UT Golf Club earlier this season for The Besty Rawls, taking ninth place in the event.
Oklahoma enters the NCAA Championships coming off of a strong regular season that included two tournament titles and seven top-five finishes. The Sooners have claimed first or second place in four of their last six tournaments and boast the fifth-best average score in the country (73.15).
The Sooners have found success from different golfers all season, displaying unprecedented depth throughout the OU roster. Oklahoma is the first school in conference history to have three different golfers earn Big 12 Women's Golfer of the Month recognitions in one season. Kaitlin Milligan most recently won the honor in February, joining Julienne Soo (September) and Hannah Wood (November).
Seven different Sooners have claimed a top-10 finish this season, including five OU golfers securing at least one finish in the top five.
The Sooners aim to qualify for the finals of the NCAA Championships for the fourth time since 2012.
← Cowgirls draw five seed in Harding Park regional
UCO finishes fifth, NSU eighth in MIAA Championship →


Vacuum casting and the RIM method (Reaction Injection Moulding / low-pressure spraying) are available to manufacture small-scale series with close-to-production material properties.
Master patterns from 3D printing methods or original parts are recast in a moulding box with silicone rubber after the necessary surface processing. After hardening is completed, the mould is cut open and the master pattern taken out. The interior of the resulting silicone mould can now be filled with casting materials with various material properties and colours.
Vacuum casting is based on the filling of 2 component polyurethane resins into the silicone mould under vacuum.
With the RIM procedure, the filling of a silicone or milling mould is realised through injection of the 2-component PU resin. This procedure can be used for fast and economical small-batch production.
The surface quality of the master pattern is copied perfectly with vacuum casting as also the RIM procedure.
Maximum mould sizes: Depending on the component geometry or component volume.
Maximum part volume: Variable according to the requested material and its pot life.


(2) Safely reopen hospitals by providing both Ebola diagnostics and improve basic clinical lab services.
We are therefore seeking dedicated experienced laboratory personnel with broad experience in transfusion, molecular diagnostics, and clinical laboratories. Individuals will be embedded within laboratories training teaching and working side-by-side to provide both short term and long-lasting improvements.
(2) Implementing component manufacture to produce convalescent plasma as well as components for the overall health care system.
(3) Increasing basic laboratory capabilities in order to improve the treatment of other diseases and improve differential diagnosis.
The ability to deploy long-term through October 2015 is preferred but short-term assignments are available. Long-term individuals can be hired as full-time employees with standard benefits or possibly contracted through their home institutions.


The Boughton is our best selling traditional chicken house and provides comfortable accommodation for up to six chickens. This wooden chicken coop is the ideal solution for the first time chicken keeper that wants to keep up to six hens. The Boughton chicken ark is specifically designed for bantams and medium-sized birds and this hen house makes chicken keeping easy.
The Boughton Chicken Coop houses six medium hens.
Its elegant design has stood the test of time and has become a chicken house design classic. The Boughton is our best selling wooden chicken house and provides comfortable accommodation for up to six chickens. It is the ideal solution for the first time chicken keeper.
The Boughton hen house is specifically designed for bantams and medium sized birds, who will find the warm interior and private nest box very much to their liking.
The Boughton chicken house has full length side doors which allow easy access to the inside of the house. The retractable ramp means you can get into all areas of the house when cleaning.
The Boughton is easy to move around the garden with its stout carrying handles. If you're looking to leave your hen house in place, or have limited space, the carry handles can be easily removed.
A sleeping area over the run gives hens more space to roam around below.
The Boughton uses less space than other traditional arks because the sleeping area is located directly over the run. This design also means the chickens are protected from the sun and rain.
The house has an easy to use, hinged ladder which may be drawn up from outside to secure the birds at night.
Hinged ladder to shut hens upstairs at night.
The nesting box is located at the end of the chicken ark and has an external egg collecting door. It is very easy for children to use – so they can run down in the morning to collect the eggs.
You can access all areas of the run using the handy doors at each end. This makes it very easy to catch a chicken, let them out of the run, or top up the feeders and drinkers.
Let chickens roam with the free range door!
The solid, single-piece roosting bar provides a solid place for your chickens to perch while they sleep.
The Ramp that sits between the roosting area and the run can be easily retracted to keep your chickens warm and safe at night. Simply pull the rope on the outside of the house and up it comes!
Forsham Cottage Arks have been making chicken arks since 1979. In 2011 Forsham became a part of Omlet. Over three decades, Forsham have learnt what makes both pets and their owners happy. Designed for ease of use and durability, Forsham products have been tried and tested by tens of thousands of happy customers.
Unlike cheaper chicken houses that are made of low-grade softwood, we use only the best sustainably-farmed Slow Growing Spruce for our chicken houses. With a high strength to weight ratio, other uses of this versatile wood include rowing oars, piano sound boards and ladder rails.
All the sections we use are planed all round so there are no scruffy faces or splinters, so the wood is ready for you to paint as soon as it arrives.
The Forsham Cottage Arks Boughton Chicken Ark is designed for up to six medium sized chickens. As they require additional head height in the nesting area, the Boughton is not recommended for larger breeds such as Buff Orpingtons or Cochins.
The Boughton will arrive unpainted so you can apply your own finish.
Choose the colour and appearance of your Boughton to suit your hens and your garden!
Your Boughton will arrive untreated in it's natural form. It is important that you treat your Boughton before placing it outside and before using it with chickens. You should follow the wood treatment manufacturers guidelines for suitability.
Please note that your Boughton Chicken Coop will need to be treated with a suitable preservative before use, such as Ronseal 5 Year Wood Stain . Please follow the instructions on the can for use.
This is a profoundly good hen house. We tried to purchase a competitor first. It arrived and we sent it back. This Ark arrived and it has been a joy. Yes, the wood is not hard wood and yes there is an issue with painting around the mesh but the design is terrific and the quality is top notch.
The design of this coop is excellent, second to none. The build quality has unfortunately fallen over the years however. The coop I purchased new, will undoubtedly be outlived by the older coops that I've bought second hand. Symptomatic of most things nowadays sadly. An average of 5 stars is very misleading, using the 'mean' average would give a more accurate rating.
I bought the Boughton Chicken coop after spending several years researching different products. It's a great design which makes it easy to clean and look after the chickens. However, the wood is not pressure treated which meant it took about five days to paint. It was also really difficult to paint the wood behind the metal wire, and I'm not sure how long it will last without treating it again every couple of years. Although it's a great design I'm disappointed that the wood is not pressure treated and would have preferred spending more money on one that is.
My fourth Boughton, will also be my last unless something changes. I nearly returned it, but eventually decided to give it a go. Not sure i made the right decision. It's an improved design, on an already very good design - for instance, both sides can be removed, and both ends of the run can be accessed from outside. However, the wood is now untreated softwood. Full wood treatment takes three days before assembly, and some bits (eg wood behind metal grills) can't be properly treated. If you don't have space to spread it all out before assembly, you won't be able to treat the wood on all sides. A couple of bits didn't fit properly when assembled, attention to detail seemed less than before. My previous Boughtons lasted an average 7 years. I expect less of this. Finally, I was left with a vast amount of expanded polystyrene packaging. There is no reason to use this and in our area, as most, it is not recycled. A big downer. Omlet have taken a good design, improved it a little, but delivered an inferior product. Shame.


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Q: Are there float and double types with fixed sizes in C99? C99 states integer types like uint32_t, int16_t etc, where it's easy to see the number of bits used. Good to know in for instance embedded programming.
I have not found any similar types for floating point values. Is there a standard? If not, why?

A: I found the answer in  Any guaranteed minimum sizes for types in C?
Quoting Jed Smith (with corrected link to C99 standard):
Yes, the values in float.h and limits.h are system dependent.  You should never make assumptions about the width of a type, but the standard does lay down some minimums. See §6.2.5 and §5.2.4.2.1 in the C99 standard.
For example, the standard only says that a char should be large enough to hold every character in the execution character set. It doesn't say how wide it is.
For the floating-point case, the standard hints at the order in which the widths of the types are given:
§6.2.5.10

There are three real floating types, designated as float, double, and long
  double. 32) The set of values of the type float is a subset of the set of values of the type double; the set of values of the type double is a subset of the set of values of the type long double.

They implicitly defined which is wider than the other, but not specifically how wide they are. "Subset" itself is vague, because a long double can have the exact same range of a double and satisfy this clause.
This is pretty typical of how C goes, and a lot is left to each individual environment. You can't assume, you have to ask the compiler.

A: To answer the "why" part of your question, the name uint32_t, for example, tells you everything you need to know about the type: it's unsigned and exactly 32 bits wide, which implies a range of exactly 0 to 4294967295.  (The C standard requires that the uintN_t types have no padding bits or trap representations, and that the signed intN_t types use two's-complement.)
On the other hand, specifying the size in bits of a floating-point type doesn't tell you nearly as much.  A hypothetical float64_t would be exactly 64 bits, but the bits that make up a floating-point object are divided into the sign bit, exponent, and significand (mantissa).  Furthermore, the meaning of those bits can vary.  In most representations, the exponent denotes a power of 2, but it can also be a power of 16.  And there are numerous special representations: subnormals, denormals, NaNs, infinities, negative zero.
There are more variations in floating-point representations than can easily be encoded in a type name.
The IEEE floating-point standard (more properly IEC 60559) defines all this -- but if your implementation supports IEC 60559, then the C standard specifies the meanings of float and double anyway (though it allows some more flexibility for long double).

A: While the vast majority of C compilers include a 32-bit integer type, there are many where the only 32-bit type is int and on others the only 32-bit types is long.  Having a standard name int32_t mean "one of the signed 32-bit type" avoids the need for the programmer to know which built-in type is 32 bits, except on compilers which use aggressive type-based aliasing.
By contrast, the vast majority of compilers that can use an IEEE single-precision value call it float, and those that can use an IEEE double-precision value call it double.  It would not be inconceivable that a compiler might use the names float and double to identify something other than IEEE types and yet include the IEEE types under some other name, but such a scenario would likely be too rare for the Standard to worry about.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Wolfgang Herold
Wolfgang Herold is a 61 years old from Germany from . He was born on October 24, 1961 in .
Birth Sign :
gang Herold works as a film producer and sound supervisor. He gained his first experience working with sound at the AFN TV and radio stations in Germany and created production music for his own publishing company. Wolfgang Herold has been giving films a voice since he founded his sound studios in Frankfurt/Main Germany in 1988. The company first focused on advertising and music but Herold Studios has since shifted its emphasis to mixing feature films.
Is Wolfgang Herold still alive?
Yes, Wolfgang Herold is still alive Last check: 1 year ago
Wolfgang Herold Movies (14)
There are 14 movies of Wolfgang Herold.
His first feature film was Alone in the Dark (2005). He was 43 when he starred in this movie. Since 2005, he has appeared in 14 feature films. The last one is Surviving the Terror (2005). .
In the Name of the King: A Dungeon Siege Tale (2008) As Executive Producer, he was 46 years old
House of the Dead (2003) As Producer, he was 41 years old
Far Cry (2008) As Executive Producer, he was 47 years old
Alone in the Dark (2005) As Executive Producer, he was 43 years old
The Bridge (2008) As Producer, he was 46 years old
View all Wolfgang Herold movies.
Wolfgang Herold movie characters
The names of the characters/jobs in the films he starred in are as follows:
Character/Job
Executive Producer Alone in the Dark (2005) 43
Music Supervisor Alone in the Dark (2005) 43
Executive Producer In the Name of the King: A Dungeon Siege Tale (2007) 46
Executive Producer BloodRayne: The Third Reich (2010) 49
Producer House of the Dead (2003) 41
Sound Supervisor House of the Dead (2003) 41
Executive Producer Alone in the Dark 2 (2008) 46
Executive Producer Far Cry (2008) 47
Executive Producer The Backwoods (2006) 44
Producer Brotherhood of Blood (2007) 45
Producer The Bridge (2008) 46
Producer Castro (2009) 47
Executive Producer You Am I (2006) 44
Producer Surviving the Terror (2005) 43
What is Wolfgang's zodiac sign?
Wolfgang Herold zodiac sign is scorpio.
When is Herold's next birthday?
Wolfgang Herold was born on the 24th of October 1961 , which was a Tuesday. He will be turning 62 in only 267 days from today (30 January, 2023).
Other facts about Wolfgang Herold
Herold. Show people with the surname Herold
Languages spoken, written or signed
Wolfgang Herold Is A Member Of
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Markdown cheatsheet.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
/*global define:false */
define(['jquery', 'underscore'],
    function ($, _) {
        'use strict';

        // TODO: create constants module
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            RENDER_DONE = 'renderDone',
            AFTER_RENDER_DONE = 'afterRenderDone';

        return {
            runAllMethods : runAllMethods
        };

        function runAllMethods ($deferred, $parentRenderPromise) {
            var notifyBeforeRenderDone = $deferred.notify.bind(this, BEFORE_RENDER_DONE),
                waitForParentPromiseToBeResolved = _waitForParentPromiseToBeResolved.bind(this,$parentRenderPromise),
                afterRender = _afterRender.bind(this,$deferred),
                renderAndAfterRender = _renderAndAfterRender.bind(this, $deferred, afterRender),
                rejectStart = $deferred.reject.bind(this);

            $deferred.progress(this.trigger.bind(this));

            $
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                .then(notifyBeforeRenderDone)
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                    renderAndAfterRender,
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         * If a life cycle method has one or more arguments, then the first argument passed in is its deferred.
         * The life cycle method will automatically return this deferred, otherwise it will pass through whatever
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            });

            return $.when.apply($, childPromiseArray);
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Journey deep into the mountains of western North Carolina on this backpacking and rock climbing expedition.
These mountains are some of the oldest in the world and home to hundreds of waterfalls, over a million acres of national forest, park and public land, unique rock formations and the highest peaks in the eastern United States. Spend most of the course backpacking over varied terrain, with ample breaks to enjoy the views of the Blue Ridge Mountains and the company of your crew. Spend several days rock climbing – a portion of the course that helps to break up the on-foot expedition days. As you work together with your crew to meet daily goals, learn new skills in back country travel and climbing and develop confidence, teamwork and leadership abilities for the future.
Video – Note this video includes canoeing. We canoed last fall, but will NOT be canoeing on our Outward Bound Course.
End course: clean and return equipment, and end ceremony.
During this course, students will backpack through the Pisgah National Forest of Western North Carolina. Among other skills, they will learn safety precautions for backcountry foot travel, how to find campsites, how to navigate varied terrain, how to use a map and compass – all while practicing Leave No Trace principles. Even more useful for their lives after course, students learn conflict resolution skills, communication styles, leadership and team building. After students practice these skills, the instructors will step back and let the crew work together to collectively navigate their expedition.
After the initial few days of backpacking, students will take their challenge vertical by either climbing up a mountain or rappelling down one. With a focus on safety, instructors will start with the basics, such as working with ropes and learning to tie knots. Students will then put their skills to the test as they learn how to climb or rappel at some of the best climbing sites east of the Mississippi River. Depending on the weather and the dynamics within the group, the crew may even have the opportunity to experience a high ropes obstacle course. These activities will push students to step outside their comfort zones to communicate and trust one another.
A little more than halfway through course, students will participate in a reflection period called solo. During this time, Instructors assign students to their own individual campsites within a designated area. These sites are both secluded and within hearing distance of other group members and instructors for safety. Students will be given all the necessary gear, food, water and skills to enjoy this time alone. They will also know the location of their Instructors' solo site should they need to contact them for any reason, and instructors will be monitoring students closely during this experience. This experience is a great opportunity for students to relax, recharge and reflect on their course after having long days of strenuous group activities.
The Southern Appalachians, including the Blue Ridge Mountains, are some of the oldest mountains in the world. While the mountains themselves formed over 250 million years ago, some of the rocks that underlie the region are over a billion years old.
The long geologic and evolutionary history of the Southern Appalachians has created one of the most biologically diverse regions in the temperate world. It is home to beautiful rushing rivers, hundreds of waterfalls and some of the highest peaks in the eastern United States—including Mt. Mitchell (elevation 6,684 feet), the highest point east of the Mississippi River. Outward Bound students can expect to share the wilderness with over 700 different kinds of trees, more than 50 types of mammals, 150 different types of birds and over 50 species of amphibians.
This course area is situated within a million acres of national forests, federally-protected wilderness areas and other public lands. Its diverse landscapes have been featured in many motion pictures, including The Hunger Games and The Last of the Mohicans.
Temperatures in this area range from 30 – 65 degrees in the spring.
Pictures are from Exploris April 2014 crews. We spied at least 3 siblings of current Exploris students! Exploris April 2017 CREW! 115 pictures!


text:
Sabri Lamouchi to add three new faces to Nottingham Forest squad this week - reports
SETUBAL, PORTUGAL - JULY 13: SL Benfica defender Yuri Ribeiro from Portugal during the match between SL Benfica and Vitoria Setubal FC for the Internacional Tournament of Sadoat Estudio do Bonfim on July 13, 2018 in Setubal, Portugal. (Photo by Carlos Rodrigues/Getty Images)
Nottingham Forest are expected to add three new additions to their ranks this week, as head coach Sabri Lamouchi continues to put his stamp on the Reds' squad.
Goalkeeper Arijanet Muric will arrive from Manchester City, while midfielder Alfa Semedo and left-back Yuri Ribeiro will join from Benfica - according to various reports.
Muric is highly-rated at the Etihad and made five appearances for City in the EFL Cup last season. The 20-year-old has represented Kosovo at U21s and senior level.
While Forest's pursuit of Benfica duo Semedo and Ribeiro came to light over the weekend with reports in Portugal saying the pair are likely to team up with the Reds squad this week.
Semedo, 21, spent a brief spell on loan at Espanyol last season and is expected to join Forest on a season-long loan while Ribeiro, 22, is reported to move in a permanent deal.


text:
Insect workshop poses solutions for global hunger
Information Possibly Outdated
The information presented on this page was originally released on November 13, 2013. It may not be outdated, but please search our site for more current information. If you plan to quote or reference this information in a publication, please check with the Extension specialist or author before proceeding.
MISSISSIPPI STATE – Insect-rearing enthusiasts from all over the world gathered at Mississippi State University to learn from specialists in the field at the 16th annual Insect Rearing Workshop. This year's workshop focused on raising insects for protein to help reduce world hunger.
Frank Davis, founder and coordinator of the Insect Rearing Workshop, said 11 countries were represented at the workshop Nov. 4 through Nov. 8. And though more attendees had doctorates than in previous years, people were encouraged to attend regardless of education.
"This was an exceptional event in which everyone was very interested in asking questions and creating conversations among teachers and students," Davis said. "We have more people interested in insect-rearing than ever before."
Davis said this year's workshop emphasized rearing insects, particularly the black soldier fly, for protein to feed to catfish, poultry and even humans.
"We're looking at rearing literally tons of insects per week for protein, especially for rural areas where protein is deficient," Davis said. "We are in the process of planning an additional workshop for next year that will focus solely on farming insects for this purpose."
Davis said MSU and the University of Alicante in Spain have partnered up for an insect farming project in Kenya to increase the protein supply in poverty-stricken areas. Davis said he hopes this project will alleviate hunger problems the people face.
Jack Cheng, a first-time workshop attendee from Hong Kong and director of Aubree Limited, said he found the discussions on rearing insects for protein useful. His research focus is on using black soldier fly larvae to treat food waste and produce high-quality protein feed for aquaculture and animal husbandry.
"The insect-rearing training is very inspiring, especially on insectary design and quality control," he said. "One of the key issues with rearing black solider flies is that the technology has to be scaled up to be profitable. We are striving to bring it to a mass scale, handling 300 tons of food waste a day."
Cheng said black soldier fly larvae contain 42 percent protein and can be a cheap alternative for feed formulation. He said the larvae can also be used to treat heavy metal in waste water.
"At Aubree Limited, we are aiming to curb food waste around the globe," he said. "This is my passion. Though my research is not focused on rearing insects for human consumption, it easily could translate over to that."
The Insect Rearing Workshop is supported by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station.
Contact Your County Office
Your Extension Experts
Dr. Blake Layton, Jr.
Extension Professor
Entomology; extension insect identification; fire ants; termites; insect pests in the home, lawn and
Roach control has a big economic impact
Pest management workshop set for Jan. 24 in Raymond
MSU Crosby Arboretum hosts Bugfest Sept. 21-22
Act decisively to stop crape myrtle bark scale problems
Always check for ticks after outdoor summer activities
Publication Number: P3346
Control Cockroaches In and Around Your Home
4-H Introduction to Entomology
Crape Myrtle Bark Scale Identification and Control
Control Fire Ants in Your Yard
Control Fleas on Your Pet, in Your House, and in Your Yard
Bug's Eye View
Red, Wasp Nest, Vol. 5, No. 18
Green June Beetle, Vol. 5, No. 17
Large Scale Fire Ant Bait Application, Vol. 5, No. 10
White Grubs Vol. 5, No. 9
Carolina Paper Wasp Vol. 5, No. 8


I'd like to share with you a vocal warm up exercise that will quickly get your voice working at it's best.
With any type of physical motion, there are muscles that need to be warmed up to work at their best. Singing is no different.
One your singing muscles are warm, they will begin to function at their best. Only then will you be ready to hit the stage and deliver a stunning performance!
Ok, this vocal warm up exercise does the following things.
It warms up all the important muscles for singing, so your tone will be flowing naturally.
It builds a bridge between these vocal registers, so you can sing through your entire range without "breaking" into falsetto.
It takes tension off your voice, so singing becomes as easy as talking.
As you can see, this exercise is highly effective!
In fact, if you were to practice this exercise daily for a month, you would notice enormous improvements in your voice.
To watch a video demonstration of this exercise, click here.
This vocal warm up exercise is called the "lip-roll".
Place a hand either side of your mouth and use the tips of your fingers to hold up the weight of your cheeks.
When you push your fingertips in, you should feel where your teeth meet.
Now keep your lips very loose and floppy. Right?
Now blow like you would at the end of a long day.
This will make a sound similar to a horse!
Now, while holding this pose, make a very dopey MMMMMM sound.
As you do this just allow your lips to flap freely with the sound.
The reason you need to keep it dopey is because this sound will gently pull your larynx down, which will disengage the muscles that cause you vocal tension.
With these muscles disengaged, it makes it far easier to sing through your bridges and into your upper vocal registers.
But this sound is what will teach your voice how to discover your upper range.
On a side note, here's some more tips about how to discover your higher notes.
Let's just forget how ridiculous it sounds for a moment, and see how it helps us!
The next step is to go to your CD collection and pull out a song that you love to sing.
Let me tell you something important.
If you do this vocal warm up exercise a few times (singing your favorite song with the "BRRRRR" sound) and then go back to singing the song with words, you will notice something amazing.
Enjoy this vocal warm up exercise. I certainly did when I first discovered it.
You can get 12 hours of voice-changing exercises just like this one by going to this site.
This package contains hundreds of little known exercises that will have a dramatic impact on your voice.


text:
Q: Beamer-compatible bibliography style with URL or DOI and numbered referencing I am looking for a bibliography style which:

*

*orders items as they are cited ("unsorted")

*prints bracketed numbers for the reference

*is compatible with the beamer class

*prints either the DOI or the URL (both are also ok if just one isn't possible).

Basically:

I have tried:
unsrt
\bibliographystyle{unsrt}

which is nice but does not include DOI/URL:

natbib with unsrtnat
\usepackage[numbers]{natbib}

\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}
\setcitestyle{square,numbers}

which gives me all I want (well, it gives me both URL and DOI, but that's okish), however completely breaks (formatting-wise) in beamer:

IEEEtran
\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

which actually gives me all I want, but somewhat breaks formatting-wise in beamer:

adding various commands (e.g. \newcommand*{\howpublished}[1]{\doi}) while using the unsrt class
which did nothing.

A: package biblatex with options sorting=none,style=numeric,doi=true should work.


text:
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In Emotional Interview, Millers Recall Daughter's Last Day
Bode, Morgan Miller want to spread awareness of drowning risk
By Evann Gastaldo, Newser Staff
Posted Jul 30, 2018 6:00 PM CDT
Bode and Morgan Miller want to prevent drowning deaths.
(Today via YouTube)
(Newser) – The day before Bode and Morgan Miller's daughter died "was a normal day," Morgan Miller recalls in a new interview with Today. Bode took their kids swimming; the family went to a birthday party. Morgan took 19-month-old Emmy to visit friends and grandparents, then returned home to say goodbye to Bode as he took his oldest daughter to a softball game; the couple laughed as Emmy uncharacteristically kissed her father goodbye multiple times. Then Morgan took the other kids next door. "We go over, back and forth, multiple times a week. They're family to us," she says of their neighbors. "And it was just a normal day over there. We sat on the sofa and [Emmy] played in front of us," going back and forth over a span of about 15 feet in the room. Then, mid-conversation, as Morgan sipped her tea, she suddenly realized it was too quiet.
As she was asking the other kids where Emmy was, she turned and saw that the door leading to the back yard—which had been closed—"had this tiny sliver of light coming through the side," she says. "And my heart sank and I opened the door and she was floating in the pool. And I ran and I jumped in." Doctors could not save the toddler, and she died the following day. Now, the Millers say they feel obligated to speak out in an effort to spread awareness of drowning dangers and spare other parents the same pain. After learning that drowning is the leading cause of accidental death for children ages 1 to 4, Bode Miller says they wondered why it isn't talked about more: "I've been to all the pediatrician's meetings and check-ups on our kids. And I can't say it's come up one time. Not a single time," he says. "It's the number one way that you could potentially lose your kid. If it's number one for me, I want to know about it." (Read more Bode Miller stories.)
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Jul 31, 2018 8:48 AM CDT
"After learning that drowning is the leading cause of accidental death for children ages 1 to 4, Bode Miller says they wondered why it isn't talked about more: "I've been to all the pediatrician's meetings and check-ups on our kids. And I can't say it's come up one time. Not a single time," he says." He's blaming the pediatrician? Seriously?? Funny, I thought it was COMMON SENSE to watch a toddler every second, especially when near water. It isn't a doctor's responsibility to teach parents about every single danger their child may be exposed to. What is wrong with these people?? That poor baby died due to their neglect and stupidity, no one else's.
Until we hear 10 follow up stories on every kid that drowns, can we please stop hearing about these 2? Never heard of him until the kid died.
Very sad; Pool fences are now law where I live.


Patti has been a part of the RBB team for over 25 years. As a Customer Liaison, Patti is the main point of contact for all quotes and purchase orders for the clients assigned to her. Patti knows her customers well, makes sure that they are always fully informed, and anticipates issues so that orders flow smoothly through the shop.
RBB welcomed Dani in 2010. As a Customer Liaison, Dani's customers love her energetic, upbeat approach to everything she touches. They know and appreciate that Dani is always alert to ways RBB can better serve their needs.
As a vital member of the RBB Sales Team, Kurt is extremely detail-oriented and knows how to get things done in the complex world of recurring small batch assemblies. Kurt has been with RBB since 2002 and is a solid performer whose tenacity in serving his customers is outstanding.
With 30 years at Fortune 500 companies, 20 of which were in B2B sales and call-center management, Sammy constantly innovates ways to differentiate RBB's customer service. He strongly supports workplace diversity by mentoring future leaders and creating new avenues of opportunity for women in leadership. Sammy's role is to capture/maximize the underserved market niche of recurring small batch electronics.
Alisha brings over 10 years of experience managing quality systems to RBB. She works closely with our clients' quality and engineering departments to anticipate and resolve assembly challenges before they become delivery problems. With extensive experience in processes of all kinds, Alisha focuses on continuous improvement to help RBB remain exceptional as The Small Batch Experts.
Amy is a proven leader in various functions at RBB including the stockroom, inventory control, production, scheduling and procurement. Today, Amy oversees purchasing, scheduling and the Customer Centric Team Engineers.
Ross has been with RBB since 1973, doing just about all there is to do with industrial technology over the years. Ross is a no-frills, hands-on guy who is intimately familiar with all aspects of panel design, assembly, installation, and test. Those who know Ross attest that there is no mountain he won't move for our customers.
Dave Thomas brings over 25 years of direct engineering and client site expertise to the company. Dave is a true technical generalist who has personally led many improvement efforts in process, quality and engineering technical arenas. Process improvements and equipment rollouts are his specialty. Dave is also our Quality System Management Representative.
Micki is responsible for all financial aspects of the company. Micki works directly with RBB's outside accountants, attorney and bankers to ensure stability in cash flow, financing of capital projects, and the correct reporting of financial statements and tax returns.
Jim brings over 28 years of electronic manufacturing and engineering business experience to RBB. A longtime advocate of Lean and Six Sigma improvement methods, Jim leverages these skills to provide the best electronic assembly manufacturing, quality, and delivery for our recurring small batch clients. As a former RBB client himself, Jim has a unique perspective – always putting client needs first.
Bruce's greatest accomplishment, aside from his family, has been to assemble the best-in-class team described above and get them all pointed in the same direction: serving the needs of the recurring small batch marketplace. Hendrick serves as Marketing Manager and Director of Mojo – to inspire RBB's special environment that draws talented people who love to serve clients.
In addition to RBB, Bruce founded Building Trust, LLC to share the trust-building success from RBB to other businesses and organizations. His book, "On my Own: Recollections of an Unlikely CEO" is available on Amazon here.


2008 & 2011 Kenilworth Greenway. Constructed along the former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line and recently extended in to Kenilworth & Warwick University. Photos copyright P. Riley.
1 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
2 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
3 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
4 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
5 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
6 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
7 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
8 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
9 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
10 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
11 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
12 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
13 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
14 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
15 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
16 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
17 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
18 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
19 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
20 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
21 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
22 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
23 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
24 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
25 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
26 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
27 2008 Greenway construction along former Kenilworth to Berkswell railway line.
28 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
29 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
30 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
31 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
32 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
33 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
34 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
35 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
36 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
37 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
38 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
39 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
40 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
41 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
42 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
43 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
44 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
45 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
46 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
47 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
48 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
49 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
50 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
51 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
52 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
53 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.
54 2011 Installation of bridge over Coventry Rd and extension of the Greenway to Warwick University, Kenilworth Common and town centre.


EverythingAboutWater, India's leading knowledge & marketing solutions provider since 2000, after super success of 15th EverythingAboutWater Expo 2018 & past editions of exclusive 'India Water Expo' in Chennai, Ahmedabad & Hyderabad now proudly announces the 7th India Water Expo 2019, on 29 -31 January at Hall No. 5, Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, India. As the most cost-effective marketing platform for key players, the India Water Expo 2019 ensures you reach your target customers from all over Maharashtra. Manufacturers specializing in water treatment, wastewater management, and all other related industries can showcase and exhibit their products and expertise. Organized by EA Water, the show is the biggest water event in Western India.
India Water Expo offers excellent opportunities for establishing contacts, initiating joint ventures and doing business in this part of India. Expected to be visited by over 8000 focused business visitors & attended by 150 exhibitors & 500 conference delegates, this show is definitely a value-added opportunity, not to be missed!!
Air pollution issues remain one of the most challenging problems facing not only India but the international community. The series has demonstrated the wide-spread nature of the air pollution phenomena and has explored in depth their impacts on human health and the environment.
Conference on Air Pollution Control & Prevention is aimed to bring together the leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange, share their experiences and research results on all aspects of air pollution and control. It will also provide a premier interdisciplinary platform for researchers, practitioners, and educators to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of air pollution and control.
Set to be bigger and better than the preceding shows, the 16th EverythingAboutWater Expo will offer unparalleled business opportunities to both national as well as international players from the water industry to learn and explore the future trend of the Indian water market.


It seems everybody is buying gold these days, but how do you know you're getting a good deal? When you want to sell gold, one thing you should know is that these gold buyers don't sell the jewelry. They melt it down and sell it to the refinery. That means they only give you value for the gold and give you no value for the precious stones or the saleability of the jewelry. Since we sell jewelry, and have more than 20 years experience dealing in fine jewelry, we are always able to get you more. Whether you have something you want to sell, or you just want to borrow some cash, no one will get you more money.


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Spell (magical)
Home / Spell (magical)
A spell is a verbal charm to be spoken or chanted, sometimes a single magic word such as AbracadabraMagic word that has been in use since at least the second century BCE, when it appears on a Greek amulet as a ba ga da.	or the Renervate encountered in the fictional Harry Potter series of books. Spells frequently employ repetition, alliteration and rhythmic word forms, and are intended to influence real world events such as the success or failure of harvests, the arrival of rain or curing the sick. Often they are framed in unfamiliar or strange language to confound the uninitiated.[1]
The word spell is derived from the Anglo-Saxon spel, meaning "speech, discourse or idle talk", but such incantations have been recorded almost since the invention of writing. Spells remain popular today, and books of spells – known as grimoires – covering areas such as love, exams, money and many more are readily available.[1]
Spells may be categorised into the following types:[2]
Orisons
Orisons are direct pleas or prayers to a diety which conceal their true nature behind a Christian exterior, often by reference to Jesus, Mary or the disciples.
Blessings and curses
Blessings are used to bestow good fortune on an individual, just as curses are intended to blight.
Conjurations
Conjurations are used to summon supernatural beings whose assistance is required to perform some action, or to banish a malevolent entity considered to be responsible for some misfortune or other.[2] Historians have made a distinction between sorcerers, or ceremonial magicians, and witches in that the former used spells to invoke a demon which they in some sense remained in control of, whereas witches had entered into a pact with the Devil.[3]
Relation to witchcraft
Witches were widely believed to be in possession of spells that could cause harm – maleficiumAct of sorcery, historically usually performed by a witch, intended to cause harm or injury.	– or cure or otherwise give them supernatural powers. Isobel GowdieScottish woman accused of witchcraft in 1662 and probably executed, whose detailed testimony provides one of the most comprehensive insights into European witchcraft folklore at the end of the era of witch-hunts.	, a convicted 17th-century Scottish witch, confessed to using a spell allowing her to take on the form of a hare:
I shall go into a hare,
With sorrow, sych and meickle care;
And I shall go in the Devil's name,
Ay while I come home again.[4][a]sych: sighs meickle: great[5]
She had a corresponding spell that allowed her to change back into her human form, but neglected to explain how she was able to repeat it as a hare.
sych: sighs meickle: great[5]
Spellbinding
{4928910:NE8IGNR2};{4928910:XYGBNR3V};{4928910:5BCDJ28M};{4928910:36TY4TDI};{4928910:VRDVMMRZ} modern-language-association author asc yes 1 6248
Hutton, Ronald. The Witch: A History of Fear, from Ancient Times to the Present. Yale University Press, 2017.
Lecouteux, Claude. Dictionary of Ancient Magic Words and Spells: From Abraxas to Zoar. Ebook, Simon and Shuster, 2015.
Pitcairn, Robert. Ancient Criminal Trials in Scotland, Vol III, Part II. Bannatyne Club, 1833.
Stapelberg, Monica-Maria. Strange but True: A Historical Background to Popular Beliefs and Traditions. Ebook, Crux Publishing, 2014.
Stevenson, Jane, and Peter Davidson. Early Modern Women Poets (1520–1700): An Anthology. Oxford University Press, 2001.


With its unique blend of east meets west, over 60 Michelin star restaurants, and incredible street food, it's no wonder that Hong Kong was selected as a key destination to feature in new foodie TV series 'John Torode's Asia'.
The two Hong Kong episodes, broadcast on UKTV's Good Food channel in November 2017, showcase different sides of Hong Kong's culinary scene – traditional and modern. During his time in Hong Kong, John Torode explores a variety of different establishments to learn about the city's foodie heritage and how it has evolved in recent years to create an innovative and exciting food scene.
The 'traditional' episode sees John visit a wet market with local food expert Silvana, try medicinal food at long-established Cantonese restaurant Ser Wong Fun and take part in a dim sum making masterclass at Spring Moon.
The 'modern' episode then shows the other side of Hong Kong cuisine, as John learns how food from traditional diners or 'cha chaan tengs' has inspired chefs like Xavier Boyer, head chef at Peninsula Hong Kong's legendary Gaddi's, and learns about molecular gastronomy at inventive restaurant Maureen.


Looking for a discount at White Stuff? Get big savings in 2018 and choose from 13 tested White Stuff offers all guaranteed to work – if they don't, dinner's on us. Now you can shop smarter too, with our VoucherCodes top tips on saving more at White Stuff in 2018.


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Tag Archives: Eklavya
Why Science Declined In Ancient India?
By – Dr. K. Jamanadas
A learned medical specialist from Nagpur, in a recent article in lay press, while describing ancient medical sciences in India, has remarked that fall of science of surgery was because of 'ahimsa' taught by the Buddha. Though the remark was as an orbus dictum, it shows not only his ignorance of Indian history and of Buddhism, but also desire for making false charges on Buddhism due to, may be, his contempt for the Buddhists. The surgery was never considered 'himsa' by the Buddhists, nor for that matter by anybody. Certainly fall of sciences was not because of 'ahimsa' of the Buddha.
Modern science is undoubtedly a contribution of the west. That way, in all societies, there were attempts of obstruction to progress of science. In India they got more success. There was a time in Indian history when Indian science was not only famous in the country, but it was so all over the world. If the progress of Indian science would have been maintained unhindered after the sixth century A.D., we Indians, today, would have been foremost in the scientific field.
Golden era of Science in India
From the ruins of Harappa and Mohenjodaro, it is clear that there existed a pre Aryan urban civilization of Dravidians, which went by the name of Nagas. It shows great development of town planning, water supply and urban facilities, sanitary drainage and granaries.
Gold used for ornaments in Harrapan culture was from Kolar gold mines, the only source available, which is proved by a committee of metallurgical experts under sir Edwin Pascoe, who performed chemical analysis, under the direction of Sir John Marshall. So gold mining was a flourishing industry of the time. This also shows the communicating links between south and north, Vindhyas and forests of Dandakaranya were no bar.
The copper used in Harrapan civilization was imported from Rajputana, and tin from Hazaribagh. It used various types of stones quarried all over India, and some imported from outside.
The modern number system of 0 to 9 with use of decimal point is the contribution of Indian mathematicians. It spread to Europe via Arab countries.
Mauryan India also achieved remarkable success in fields of Engineering, town planning, architecture and art. India's first irrigation dam belongs to this era and was aptly called "Sudarshana", i.e. beautiful in later inscriptions of Rudradamana.
We know the importance of Ashokan pillars for aesthetic beauty, craftsmanship and religious declarations, but it was also known for the science of polishing of stones to such an extent that it became the distinguishing mark, the structures with high polish being ascribed to Ashokan period. Such gloss and polish, Marshall says, "no modern mason can produce", Vincent Smith calls it "the despair of modern masons", Tom Coryat and Whittekar described it as of brass, Chaplain Terry as a pillar of marble, and Bishop Heber as pillar of cast metal.
In the first and third centuries A.D., two important texts were composed on medical science, namely Charak Samhita and Sushrut samhita, which show the advanced stage medical knowledge in India.
Susrut Samhita, which is a text of surgical science, describes more than one hundred instruments of surgery. It also describes the plastic surgery procedures, specially the operation of rebuilding of nose, what we today call as rhinoplasty.
At the time of invasion of Alexander, India was famous for medicine and surgery.
In Buddhist books, we find mention of Jivaka who operated on the brain of a merchant. He was appointed by Emperor Bimbisara as a physician for Lord Buddha and cured him of constipation by making use of inhaling fragrance of medication on a lotus flower. The science of Inhalers in modern medicine is pretty recent. He cured diseases of head, a fistula by ointment, jaundice and performed surgery on brain and intestinal "entanglements" as per the Vinaya texts, which Radha Kumud Mukharji calls were "not given to exaggeration like a work of fiction".
Ashoka had sent medical missions to five Hellenistic States of Europe for humanitarian service, with aushadha, mula and phala, as per Rock Edict 2 and 13.
Education of medicine was compulsory in Nalanda Mahavihara and even I-Tsing had to undergo a course.
Up to seventh or eighth century A.D., Indian physicians and surgeons were respectfully appointed in Baghdad.
Indian medical books were popular in China. A Chinese work composed in 455 A.D., is derived from Indian text. A number of medical books are found in Chinese Buddhist collection. A text on Children's Diseases, named "Ravana-kumara-charita" was translated into Chinese as late as 11th century.
Indian Medical science and arithmetic was highly valued in the west. Greek and Iranian physicians knew Indian medical texts. It is recorded that Barzouhych, a subject from Sassanid King Khusro I's court (531-579 A.D.) visited India for study of medicine.
Meharauli iron pillar, which is standing in the courtyard of Kutub Minar at Delhi, belongs to fourth century A.D. It is standing there, defying the ravages of times, for centuries but not a spot of rust or corrosion on it. Its composition was examined by a committee of experts, who held that, it was beyond the capacity of any Iron foundry in the world of that time to manufacture such a masterpiece.
From Periplus we know that the sword made of Indian steel is proverbial in Arabic literature, showing the highest skills and knowledge of metallurgy. The famous Damascus blade was made from Indian steel.
Ancient South Indian bronzes are praised even now in the whole world not only for their craftsmanship but also for metallurgy. Sultanguanj colossal Buddha in copper is a metallurgical masterpiece and a marvel, still preserved in Birmingham museum.
Jawaharlal Nehru describes how the Roman Emperor scolded his daughter for wearing so little clothing on her person, while in fact she was fully clad in Indian made muslin clothing, showing the high degree of skill in textile industry.
It is recorded that, "the Roman beauties, decked in even seven folds of Muslin, and parading themselves on the highways of Rome, became a menace to its morals." and import of Indian textiles had to be banned by Roman Parliament. The ban on imports was necessary also because of balance of payment crisis. Pliny estimates one million pounds sterling drain per year. It resulted in favourable trade balance for India, with a stable gold currency for the Kushana empire.
India was also famous for paints and dyes, which were the products for export. The pictures of Ajanta are famous not only for aesthetic beauty, art and history but also for quality of paints and pigments used.
The science and art of ship building suffered most during "kali varjya". The sea worthy people of south India were great voyagers. They built ships of huge tonnage, traveled to far east, established settlements, colonies and even kingdoms and propagated their faith both brahmnic and Buddhist. All these qualities became futile after imposition of ban on sea travel.
Dhanvantari
In the medical field, the scholars of present time, seem to have forgotten about Jivaka, Nagarjuna, Sushruta, Charaka and Vagbhata. They appear to give more importance to Dhanvantari. The picture presented of him is not as a medical teacher, but as an imaginary mythological puranik god who sprang up from the churning of ocean of milk by the devas and danavas. Why the former historical dignitaries are ignored in preference to him will be clear if we bear the fact in mind that all leading names in ancient medicine were Buddhists. So they had to invent a god for Ayurveda.
However, there is a minor medical work going by name of Dhanvantari. It is a Nighantu or a medical dictionary. It is mentioned in Amarkosha, and hence in original form must have preceded the Amarkosha; but its extant form it must be ascribed to a later date. Amar, writer of Amarkosha, was according to tradition one of the nine jewels at the court of Vikramaditya, whose very identity it has not yet been possible for scholars to fix beyond all doubt. He is "known as a poet, and was certainly a Buddhist who knew the Mahayana and used Kalidasa", as per Winternitz, His date is uncertain but he probably flourished before the eighth century A.D.
Aryabhatta
Aryabhatta, born in 476 A.D., flourished in the centre of Buddhist heart land, i.e. Capital of Magadhan empire, at Pataliputtra. and his Aryabhatiya was composed in A.D. 499. He was first to treat Mathematics as a distinct subject and he dealt with evolution and involution, area and volume, progressions and algebraic identities, and intermediate equations of the first degree. He also arrived at a 'remarkably accurate value of PI, viz. 3.1416'
Aryabhatta was also the first to hold that the earth was a sphere and rotated on its axis. For this, he gave a beautiful analogy that to a person travelling in a boat, trees on the shore appear to move in oppoite direction, similarly because earth is rotating on its axis towards east, it appears to us as if the sun moves from east to west. He also explained that the eclipses were not the work of Rahu and Ketu or some other 'rakshasa', but were caused by the shadow of the earth falling on the moon. As we will see later, both these views were rejected and severely condemned by later astrologers like Varahmihira and Brahmagupta.
One of the most important features of Aryabhatta's mathematical system is his unique system of notation. It is based on the decimal place value system, unknown to other ancient people, but now in use throughout the civilized world. Whether Aryabhatta invented the system or merely improved on an existing one cannot be definitely stated. But with the doubtful exception of Bakhshali manuscript, which is referred by some to c. A.D. 200, the earliest use of the system occurs in Aryabhatiya, and it is found in all later mathematical works.
Thus till that time, which was the golden era of Buddhism and decline had yet to start, India was in no way inferior or behind any other country of the world, in the field of science.
Buddhist rulers and science
In third fourth century B.C., in the Asokan times, there was great advances in veterinary science. For treatment of elephants, "Palkapya samhita" and for treatment of horses, "Shalihotra samhita" were written. We find in his edicts, mention of hospitals established by him for men and animals even in far off places in south India. All this shows the growth of Veterinary science in India.
All these show that Indian science was well advanced up to sixth century. One has to ponder over what were the reasons which not only obstructed the progress of science, but also destroyed what was already achieved. One has to understand the history, literature and puranas, and social conditions to find these out.
It is clear from the dates, that the age of progress of science in India was the age of glory of Buddhism. Acharya Charak was the 'rajvaidya' in the court of Buddhist emperor, Kanishka, of first century A.D. Buddhist philosopher Nagarjuna was also their contemporary. He was also famous physician. The contribution of Charak to "Charak Samhita" is as important as Nagarjuna's contribution to "Sushrut Samhita".
Whatever knowledge of ayurveda was being spread through the oral traditional method of Guru sishya teaching was revised and reduced to writing in the times of Buddhist rulers.
During the early centuries of Christian era, medical science was on zenith. In this development, the contribution of Buddhists was enormous. Through them, the knowledge spread all over the other foreign countries.
Role of Buddhist faith
As a matter of fact, science spreads only when it is free from the fetters of traditions. Lord Buddha had given that freedom to Indian society, that freedom of thought and action. Liberated from the severe caste rules, society was taking keen interest in progress of scientific pursuits.
Jivaka, discussed above, was an infant found on a dung heap, and still could reach such an illustrious position, only because of Buddhist environment. We know in brahmanic tradition, admission to school was based on caste as is seen by examples of Karna, Ekalavya and Satyakama Jabaala.
The situation was quite opposite in Brahmanic teaching institutions, In Brahmanic Gurukulas, there were no criteria for admission apart from the caste of the prospective student and whims and fancies of the teacher. Examples of denial of admission to very meritorious candidates on the basis of caste are seen. Glaring example is of Eklavya. Not only the guru Dronacharya denied admission to Eklavya, but demanded Eklavya's thumb as gurudakshina for education NOT imparted by him. Many people feel it is irony of fate and mockery of awards, that such a name is associated with highest sports awards in this country today, without any protest from the sufferers of the system.
Second example is of Karna, who got admission to Parashurama's class, which was exclusively reserved for the brahmins, on false statement of caste. Benefit of his knowledge, labeled as unlawfully obtained, was withdrawal when his caste became known, which ultimately lead to his death.
Example of Satyakama Jabala is mentioned by many orthodox people to erroneously show that education in Upanishadic times was open to low caste people. This is a wrong inference drawn from his story. Satyakama was asked by his guru his caste. His mother sent a word to the guru that she did not know the exact father of the child as she had relations with many people. This frank statement, the guru declared, can only be a statement of a son of a brahmin. So the admission to the gurukul was done on the basis of brahmin caste. Not only that, the test applied by him, and his presumption of brahmin caste, was derogatory to non- brahmins, because it was his belief that only brahmins could speak such a truth and non-brahmins could not have uttered such truth.
Kurt F. Leidecker, President Buddhist Center of America, and others very aptly observe in "Buddhism and Science",
" Perhaps one reason (for progress of science) is that Buddhist thinking has always enjoyed the greatest freedom untrammeled by dogmatism and authority of any kind, not even that of Buddha himself. We have his words in the Kalama Sutta which should be given in the hands of any who write and pronounce judgment on Buddhism."
"Science observes, describes, establishing the truth on ocular demonstration and verification by experiment which anyone may undertake without the least faith in ultimate results."
"Whatever progress has been made in the western world in science and technology, was made not because of faith and belief in supernatural, but largely by rejecting it or being indifferent to it."
"Science is based most assuredly on analysis, that is, scrutinizing every phenomenon and examining every part of it and finding out how it came about. That is exactly what the Buddha did."
"The fact is that in the history of Buddhism there has never been any altercation with scientists, and no war has ever been declared on science. Warfare between science and Christianity? Yes, there has been too much of it. Warfare between science and Buddhism? Never."
Crusade against Science
There were wars against science in the western world also. But it is in India that the antagonists of science won the war. Brahmins opposed Buddhists, and their relations were so strained on the issue of caste supremacy, that they became bitter enemies of each other. They opposed every thing in which Buddhists were experts, even the science. Dr. Ambedkar very rightly said, "It must be recognized that there never has been a common Indian Culture, that historically there have been three Indias, Brahmanic India, Buddhist India and Hindu India, each with its own culture. It must be recognized that the history of India before the Muslim invasions is the history of a mortal conflict between Brahmanism and Buddhism."
In the far off counties, the Buddhists were getting name and fame, but at home in India, there were efforts to dig out and uproot their moorings. Later when Buddhist became weaker due to internal differences and contradictions, the brahmins put themselves in citadel, in which the new arrangements were made by which they declared as inferior and degraded all those things, which Buddhists were good at and for which Buddhists were famous for all over the world.
Even science was not spared from this fate. A famous scientist of modern India, Dr. Neelaratna Dhar aptly observes that, the progress of science was obstructed by the decline of Buddhism in India. The help and support received from Buddhist Universities and monasteries to chemical and medical sciences in the hospitals was stopped. After the fall of Buddhism, Brahmins dominated and they denounced, condemned, denigrated and maligned all those things in which the Buddhists had excelled.
In the fight against the Buddhists, kali varjya was clamped on this society. Hinduism got rearranged, and in its new concept, foreign travel was forbidden. All vocations relating to science were declared sacrilegious, blasphemous, heretical and disrespectful. Caste rules, rules of high and low, rules of untouchability and inequality all were made more and more strict. All knowledge and science was made more secret, secluded, hidden and concealed and every new thought and invention was opposed.
Due to ban on travel to foreign lands, India got cut off from the rest of the world. The society was not like a frog in the pond, before; but due to severance of bonds of communications with the outside world, the stupid injunctions of priests became the words of authority. There is a phrase in Marathi saying, whatever priest tells is east and whenever he says is the new moon day. In such circumstances, it was natural that all scientific progress got suffocated.
The various vocations were graded according to basis of caste hierarchy, white collar jobs were kept by higher castes and the rest of population, the shudras i.e. the working class, the marathas or kunbis, the malis, the telis, the gawalis, the lohars, the sutars, the mangs, the mahars, the chamars, the paradhis, the gonds, the bhils etc. etc. all 'shudras and ati- shudras' in Mahatma Phule's terminology and 'bahujans' in todays terminology, were made the beasts of burden to carry out all activities requiring toil and sweat. By this the prestigious castes lost all links with practical aspects of technology and means of production. All niceties of life, food clothing housing and attendant luxuries, wealth, comfort, and prosperity was concentrated in the hands of three varnas, and to provide these the shudras had to toil and sweat their blood out. All the productive work which is done in western countries by choice, option and preference was done in India as a burden, a charge, an obligation, a stress through a feeling of frustration and pressure of compulsion due to 'purva karma', the deeds of past life. The society was made to believe that those people who do not work with their hands are more civilized, sophisticated, cultured, noble, dignified and worshipable, and have attained that position because of the good deeds they had done in the past lives; the good deeds meant, of course, the preservatin of chaturnarna.
Lord McCauley, some times, is unnecessarily blamed for creating the army of white collared babus. The reality is that this germ of white collared arrogance was already in this soil.
Role of Mahabharata
In this important text of Hinduism, medical science, architecture, manufacture of weapons, painting, sculptor, agriculture and animal husbandry has been condemned time and again. In one place it is even said that, the food given to a vaidya, i.e. a physician, in a shraaddha becomes unacceptable to the pitars like blood and pus. It is clear that till the time of Mahabharata all these vocations were declared mean, contemptible, lowly, humble and ignoble.
There are three types of treatments in ayurveda, they say. Where rasas are used is 'daivi', where fruits are used is 'manushi' and the surgery, some modern authors say, was a 'aasuri or rakshasi' knowledge. This is the brahmanic interpretation of later times. If similar sentiments prevailed in the earlier times we would not have seen the prosperity of surgical knowledge at the time of Jivaka and Sushruta etc. Because of this feeling, surgery was despised and hated more and more and so it went to hands of the lower castes in the society.
It is said by Dr. Satya Prakash that science of obstetrics and maternity surgery was well developed at the time of Sushrut. When none in the outside world could think of surgical instruments, Sushrut describes various operations of maternity with these instruments. His advises about maternity are similar to modern ones.
The famous Jivaka of Buddha's time, was expert in maternity science. He was called Kumar Bhrutya Jivaka. Till the Buddhists dominated, the art and science of maternity in ayurveda flourished. After the fall of Buddhism, when brahmins dominated, they declared this science as dirty and it passed on to the women of low castes. It remained with them till the British came, and still in villages these dayees of low castes, i.e. midwives, prevail even today.
The feeling of high and low was so great in the Brahmanas, that even the gods had been divided into castes, high and low. Ashwani kumars were declared shudra gods, not eligible to take part in drinking soma by Indra, who was considered ksatriya. As they were physicians, this profession degraded them to the status of shudras.
In west, all the scientist were sons of ordinary working class people, like carpenter, blacksmith, cobbler, barber etc. These professions were never considered degraded. With us, the working class was always degraded castes. If they had been given some encouragement and motivation in technological fields, science in India would have flourished.
The science develops by spread of thought, but in India, there was more of secrecy to guard it from lower castes. Nobody having any useful knowledge wanted to part with his knowledge. It was within Guru and his disciple to start with. When writing came in, around beginning of Christian era, the texts were written in such a script that they were understood by only a few. Example of Varahmihir can be quoted who ordained that only selected disciples should be given such knowledge, and see that it does not pass even to his son. How much knowledge is lost in darkness, nobody can guess.
Science deals with physical world, but we were taught that world is unreal only the god was real. This raised the armies of sadhus, who were interested in philosophy and bhajan kirtan and their subject was in the world here after. They were not interested in science as world was 'mayajal' for them.
With perhaps a solitary exception of Bhaskaracharya of 12 to 14th century, there was not a single activity in the sphere of scientific knowledge, roughly from sixth century, up to 19th century when the British came,
Some people like to blame Islam for this decline in science. It is wrong to say so. Decline had started much before the Muslims came. We became slaves afterwards, we were withered and wrinkled much before that time due to our internal weaknesses. The reasons of decline of science in India are also the reasons for its defeats and political fall and are responsible for the slavery, this land suffered for centuries.
Creation of Illiteracy
India is supposed to have largest number of illiterates in the world. Many institutions are fed on State revenue for the 'noble' cause of so called 'adult' literacy. But nobody tells us why India remained illiterate for centuries. It was Dr. Ambedkar who brought this fact in light. He averred that, without formal education the accumulated thought and experience relating to a subject can not be learned by a student and he will not get new perception and his horizon will not widen. This requires schools, books and planned materials and literacy. Formal education was confined to study of to Vedas alone, in schools meant only for brahmins, as they propagated that there was no knowledge outside Vedas. Education of rest was neglected by the state. Children of vaishyas learned rudiments of business geography and arithmetic from fathers in course of business, and so did the shudra craftsmen from their parents. This education was domestic and practical. Due to this illiteracy became inherent part of Hindus. Manu and others made laws to this effect. Those who had right to study the Vedas had right to read and write, others were deprived of this right. So according to laws of Manu, reading and writing has become the right of few high caste men and illiteracy has become the destiny of low caste multitudes. This is how literacy was prohibited and general ignorance prevailed among the masses.
Fate of Aryabhatta
One need not confuse between astronomy and astrology in ancient India, because both went by the name of 'jyotisha'. If the study of astronomy would have progressed in normal way, we would have achieved tremendous progress in space technology. But the blind faith in stars and imaginary 'loka's led to ruin of this science.
We know that Vedas declare that earth is stationary and sun is moving. We know the word 'achalaa' for earth, we also know the horses for the 'ratha' of sun. In spite of such ideas in Vedas, astronomers like Aryabhatta in fifth century declared, as mentioned above, that earth is moving and sun is stationary, and explained how lunar and solar eclipses take place. The priestly class saw danger to their livelihood, if Vedas were found fallible. They organized a crusade against Aryabhatta, in two ways.
Brahmagupta (c. 598 A.D.) criticized and asked, if earth is moving, where is it going to and by which way. Varahmihir (c. 600 A.D.) wrote, if earth is moving the birds would not reach their nests in the evening. If the earth is rotating fast towards east, the flags would always fly towards west, and if it is rotating slowly, it would not complete rotation in 24 hours. Same arguments were repeated by another acharya, Lallacharya in seventh eighth century. He also said if earth moves towards East, the arrow shot in the sky would fall on the West and that the clouds would move West. If earth is moving slowly, how would it complete rotation?
Even Bhaskaracharya (some time between 1114 and 1400 A.D.) totally denied that earth can move. He said Earth is fixed. As Sun and fire are hot, as Moon is cold, as water flows, as stone is hard, similarly it is natural that earth is fixed. So much so that word 'achalaa' became a alternate term for earth.
Thus Aryabhatta was ridiculed and criticized with wrong logic. Not only that, but in 10th century a fraud was committed, a fake copy of 'Aryabhatiya' was prepared declaring earth as 'achalaa', and later it was declared that this is his real text of Aryabhatta. The fraud is clear as the real point is, if Aryabhatta had originally said, in the first place, that earth is 'achalaa', why was he ridiculed, condemned and denounced for about five hundred years.
Thus astronomers, or so called 'jyotirvids' were denounced from all angles whenever opportunity presented. They were declared mean, lowly and contemptible, they were declared polluted, they were denied all respect and their means of livelihood were withdrawn. They were prohibited from being called to yadnyas, mahadanas and shraadhas. The rearer of goats, painters, vaidyas and watchers of stars must not be respected though they might be learned like a brahaspati, so says Atrisamhita. Mahabharata says those brahmins who study the stars must not be allowed to sit in the line with for meals in shraadha. (Anushasan parva, 90, 11/12) Manu III. 172, 167 declared those as lowly, contemptible and unfit for yadnas and shraadha. Nirnaya sindhu 3, and Vivek sindhu 3, also declare them unfit for being called in yadnyas and shraddha. They are also condemned and ridiculed by Brihit samhita (2-2).
These 'daivadnyas' not only deceived the masses but also the rulers, and condemned the 'jyotirvids'. They were cunning and talked glibly. Varahmihir says, he should be clever, bold, quick witted, irrepressible, smart and shrewd. They were very near the political powers and so nobody could touch them.
Still the public respected the jyotirvids, so the brahmins changed the meaning of the word jyotirvidya, which now meant those who study the 'effects' of stars on human beings contrary to the original meaning of study of stars, and themselves became 'daivaidnyas', – the knowers of fate. This stopped the progress of astronomy which died a natural death.
Not only that, daivadnyas later declared the means of controlling and changing fate by shanti, mantras and yadnya etc. Varahmihir describes the many qualities for daivadnya, like shantik – mantras for removing calamities, poustik – mantra for increasing health wealth etc., abhichar – means of punishing the enemies.
Still the common people criticized these fortune tellers. So they declared such critics as 'nastika', 'mlencha', 'chandala' etc. and pronounced them of 'sankara yoni'. This stopped all progress of astronomy. Everybody knows that 'varna sankara' is a big abuse of ancient India, and a greatest punishment in civil life. These people were boycotted and were compelled to lead an isolated life of a beast.
Thus astronomy or mathematical Jyotish was driven away by the 'falit' jyotishya, which provided bread and butter to brahmins and is still doing it. This 'falit' jyotishya has made Indians mere fatalists. Whereas in other countries, everybody exerts his own effort to change the unfavorable surrounding environment, we, in India, are more in search of Rahu and Ketu. Even today, the same thing prevails, and we find the dignitaries changing the direction of entrances to their residences and timing the oath ceremonies to match the timings of the stars. For the first time after centuries, Aryabhatta was honoured by Indian scholars, when the first ever Indian satellite was sent to orbit was named after him.
Why only science suffered
Dr. Gorakh Prasad writes that after Bhaskaracharya, it was considered a sin to make any progress. To find errors in old texts and correct them and to search for new things was totally banned. When such a thing was brought up, the brahmins of Kashi opposed vehemently.
Some people unburden themselves by putting blame on 'foreigners', meaning Muslims, for this fall of science, but history tells us that our other activities, other than science, did not change much. Why only science suffered? Not that we had no scholars. There were fights, disputes and clashes in 'shastrartha'. The very word 'shastrartha' applied to debates, denotes that no new facts are to be discussed, whatever is to be discussed must be to find the real 'artha' i.e. the meaning, of the old 'shastras'.
The philosophical texts abounded by constant churning. Puranas and smritis were compiled, edited and reedited. Various commentaries were written amending old laws. And a lot of discussion took place on poetry. The literary innovations of metre and rhyme is plentiful in the drama and poetry of the time, and the intricacies of art and 'alankaras' were invented, which no other country has done. Poets and scholars spent their effort and capacity in observing most minute details of female anatomy and portraying it in texts, and such poets are compared with literary merit of Shakespere. Then why this ban on science alone?
The reason becomes apparent when you view the society in proper perspective. The society was divided into six thousand castes, all placed one above the other, with brahmin at the top, who also did every thing to maintain its supremacy. The real reason of fall of science was that, the science and technology brings comfort to common masses, which our acharyas did not want. They were self centered in their own domination over the masses and their Rajput – ksatriya masters were after life of comforts and luxury throughout the period of alien rule. The threat to these comforts was considered danger to the 'dharma'. It might be an interesting subject for study, as to what were the various things which were considered as 'danger to dharma' in course of our history. If these gods on the earth and their disciple rulers would have thought of broader welfare of masses, and incorporated these problems in their agenda, the science would not have suffered, neither the country would have been slave for centuries under a fistful of individuals of alien faith.
Filed under Caste Discrimination, Casteism, Dr B R Ambedkar, Latest
Tagged as ambedkar, astrologers, Bahujans, Brahmin, Brahmins, Buddha, buddhism, Buddhism In India, buddhist, Buddhists, Caste, Castes, culture, dalits, Delhi, Dharma, Dr. K. Jamanadas, drama, Eklavya, Freedom, Freedom of thought, God, Hindu, india, Science in Ancient India
5th January in Dalit History – Birth of Dr. Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan
5 January 1905: Birth of Dr. Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan
Dr. Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan was a Buddhist monk, Scholar, Traveller and a prolific writer from India. He is considered as one of the great activists of Buddhism of the 20th century. He was influenced by Great Buddhist Scholar, Social Reformer Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan and Dr. Ambedkar.
Dr. Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan
Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan was born Harnam Das on January 5, 1905 in Sohana Village of Ambala District in Punjab. He did B.A from National College in Lahore. His travels took him to different parts of World for promoting Buddhism just like his mentor Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan. He devoted his full life to serve Buddhism. He always wanted to have experience of traveling far distances across many countries and discover new things. His aim was to continue the tradition started by his inspirations.
He contributed a lot to Indian Travel Literature (यात्रा वृतांत) and Hindi. He loved Hindi as a child loves his mother and supported it in many ways. He worked for Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Prayag, Rastrabhasha Prachar Samiti, Vardha etc. He used very simple language in his books that every one can easily understand. He wrote many Essays, Novels, books on his travel to different places. Many of his books were also written on Buddhism. More than 20 of his books were published.
Dr. Ambedkar left behind lacs of Buddhist followers who were in need of strong Buddhist (religious) leader particularly in Maharashtra. So Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan travelled and guided Maharashtra dalit Buddhists. He also translated Dr. Ambedkar's monumental work 'The Buddha and His Dhamma' in Hindi for the benefit of people. He also traced and collected original resources from Pali Tripitika and other Buddhist literature, which Dr. Ambedkar had not done.
Dr. Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan was the Chief Officiating Priest at the funeral ceremony of Dr. Ambedkar on 7 December 1956 at Dadar, Mumbai. He has solemnized the spontaneous 'Diksha' ceremony that was moved by Dadasaheb Gaikwad by the monk by making the whole assembly recite the sacred Buddhist hymns and 22 vows. He had declared that Dr Amabedkar had attained nirvana. It was under his guidance that the cremation ceremony was performed.[1]
The books that he has authored are: Bhikkhu Ke Patra, Jo Bhula Na Saka, Aah! Aisi Daridrata, Bahanebazi, Yadi Baba Na Hote, Rail Ke Ticket, Kahan Kya Dekha, Sanskriti, Desh Ki Mitti Bulati hai, Bauddha Dharma Yek Buddiwadi Adhyayan, Shri Lanka, Hindi translation of Buddha and His Dhamma by Dr B R Ambedkar, Manusmriti kyon Jalai Gai?, Bhagwad Gita ki Buddhiwadi Samiksha, Ram Kahani Ram ki Jabani, An Intelligent Man's Guide to Buddhism, ' 'Bodhidrum ke kuch panne, Dharm Ke Naam par, Bhagvan buddha aur unke anuchar, Bhagvan buddha aur unke samkalin bhikshu, Boudh dharma ka sar a hidi translation of essence of buddhism by P l Narsu, Bhadant Anand Kaushalyan jeevan va karya – by Dr. M.L. Gautam (Life and work of Ven. Dr. Bhadant Anand Kausalyan), Avashyak Pali (Basic Pali) – by Ven. Dr. Bhadant Anand Kaushalyayan, The Gospel of Buddha : Translation by Ven. Dr. Bhadant Anand Kaushalyan of the book – The gospel of Buddha by Paul Carus, ' 'Dhammapada Hindi translation, 'Riddles of Hinduism hindi translation of Dr. Ambedkar's book
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
5 January 1938: Speech of Dr, Ambedkar in Sholapur[2]
This was the second day of Dr. Ambedkar's visit to Sholapur where he made made another important speech. The local Christians were eager to hear his views on religion. So he addressed a meeting of the Christians under the Presidentship of the Rev. Gangadhar Jadhav.
Filed under Buddhism, Caste Discrimination, Dr B R Ambedkar, Equal Rights, Today in Dalit History
Tagged as 22 Vows administered by Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar, ambedkar, Babasaheb, Birth of Dr. Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan, Buddha, Caste Discrimination, Caste system in India, Dalit, Dalit Buddhist movement, Dr Ambedkar Books, Dr B R Ambedkar Photos, Dr B R Ambedkar Pictures, Educational Biography of Dr B. R. Ambedkar, Eklavya, Speech of Dr


Each Dinoz much gain it's own status items by accomplishing missions or tasks.
An ancient relic of the Ashpouk civilization. According to the Professor, it's a precious Totem. You can participate in the Tournaments at Brutforce once you talked to The Tournament Master at Brutforce.
Go to The University and show Old Stone to Professor Eugene. He will clean it and give you The Precious Ashpouk Totem.
Give your dinoz one extra combat gear slot.
Do all missions from Nicolas Mulot.
Increases the defense against attacks of water Dinoz.
Talk to Fan Bao at Mr. Bao Bob's House.
A seemingly useless piece of Basalt. One of the items you need to get Zor's Glove.
You have to Dig at The Basalt Slopes.
This key allows you to open the Blacksylva Door and access the Magnetic Steppes.
The Lucky Shovel is broken, it requires to be fixed before you can use it again.
Every time you use the Lucky Shovel it Breaks and you have to ask The Coral Miner to repair it at Coral Mines.
This Buoy enables your Dinoz to cross water without drowning. You can cross the sea from The Frish Port and reach the Atlanteid Islands.
Defeat the Water Elemental at the University (Dinoz minimum lvl 5).
This item can be used by your Dinoz to capture monsters who'll then be able to help you during fights!
Climbing Gear enables your Dinoz to climb mountains. You can climb the mountains from Precipitous Hills and reach The Big All-Hot.
Defeat the Fire Elemental at The University(Dinoz minimum lvl 5).
This piece of Coral is so tough, it's almost unbreakable!
You get it at The Coral Mines after King Rocky asked you to retrieve the three objects. You can get the Fragment Of A Negative Magnetite.
This curse stops your Dinoz from earning experience in battle. Cannot earn experience until item is removed.
Attack the leader of the Avenger Korgons during Lesson 3 - Wood.
Demon Dinoz have a special skill and different looks.
Finish katakombs quest and sacrifice Dinoz for Demon Tickets to buy a Demon Dinoz in the Demon shop at The Twilight Cemetary.
Increases the strength of all Fire assaults by 3. Fire Charm is lost after a few fights or when your Dinoz dies. Get back to Soft Shaman then, he will give you a new one.
Go to the Venerable's Lair, talk to the Venerable and no die. Talk to the Shaman.
This branch was offered by the Forest Warden as a sign of gratitude for your services. That's not all, it also gives you access to the Fruity Shop at Blacksylva Door.
Do all missions from Forrest Warden.
This piece of ice is so cold, it never defrosts!
You get it in Deep Gorge after King Rocky asked you to retrieve the three objects. You can get the Fragment Of A Negative Magnetite.
You have to finish the first mission of Dian Korgsey.
This Lantern enables your Dinoz to explore deep caves without the risk of getting lost. You can reach the second part of the Grumhel Forest crossing Deep Gorges.
You have to talk to The Strange Man at Haunted Hills and defeat a Joking Korgon..
This Shovel enables your Dinoz to dig and search for hidden treasures. You can use it to Dig and find some Status Items.
You have to talk with The Coral Miner at Coral Mines.
This membership card allows your Dinoz to access the Lavapit Training Center! You can go to the Training Center of The Big All-Hot (Levels below 30).
You have to talk with the Venerable (same talk as for the Fire Charm). Then go to Dinotown, talk to the Injured Soldier and give him a Warm Bread.
This old stone was found by your Dinoz whilst digging. What is it for?
You have to Dig at the Ashpouk Ruins to find The Old Stone.
You can get the Fragment Of A Negative Magnetite.
You get it in Bao Bob if you have the Ice cube, the Coral and the Flower Branch of the Guardian.
Some pure water from the Fountain of Youth. Keep it in your bag in case you are thirsty. One of the items you need to get Zor's Glove.
You have to Dig at the Fountain Of Youth.
Your Dino returns to level 1 with 6 additional skill points.
Reincarnate a Dino at level 40 (see Lightning Skills).
This small flute enables you to attract Scorpscubas and also gives you access to the Underwater Dome. You can reach the Underwater Dome from The Mutant Falls.
Go to The Mutant Falls and talk with The Atlantean Guard. Go to The Frish port and talk to Jovebooze You have to follow him and beat an Old Scorpscuba. Make sure your Dinoz has enough !!!
This old bone helps you remember the path to the cemetary. Makes you able to go to The Twilight Cemetary without being 10 or less.
Finish the third mission of Skully "Miss Bao".
Sticky mud from the Swamp. It stinks, and it even moves from time to time as if it's trying to escape. One of the items you need to get Zor's Glove.
You have to Dig at the Sticky Swamp.
This thorough book enables your Dinoz to deactivate his 'Attack' and 'Event' skills when he pleases (in the Details tab). It's an important guide for the good strategists of Dinoland wishing to adapt to the fighting conditions of each location!
You have to finish the first 2 missions of Soft Shaman.
These Waterlily pads are popular with the Zenzen monks. You can reach Grumhel Forest from The Mutant Falls.
You have to talk with Master Hydargol at The Mutant Falls. Then talk with The Monk at The Frish Port and he's going to give you the pads (need for Fountain Pearl). Show the Zor's Glove to Master Hydargol at The Mutant Falls, then he will then give you the Waterlilly Pads definitely.
Zors Glove is a mysterious object. No one knows much about it. When you show the Zor's Glove to Master Hydargol at The Mutant Falls, he will then give you the Waterlilly Pads.
You have to give the three items to Archsage and defend Earth Elemental.