We are looking forward to October and keeping you hydrated with a lovely range of water bottles that have the benefits of holistic crystals and minerals. These make a lovely gifts or the perfect accessory for the person that always wants something a little more than average…that's most you we think.
Sophie will start Lycon precision wax treatments this month and re-introduce Brazilian and Hollywood waxing shortly and Hannah will also be visiting ESPA House to complete her product knowledge training to help her help you with your product questions and needs.
We have an Holistic Hydration offer for everyone and our 'new look' website is launched and being updated every day.
We are excited to see the treatments rooms start to transform this month with all the decoration in the public area's complete, so we will post photos as each one is re-decorated and given beautiful new beds and accessories.
To stay updated throughout the month join us on our social media pages and we look forward to seeing you soon.
Water – Source of Life!
Why is drinking sufficient healthy and vital water so important?
With every sip of water you take, YOU decide whether you consume dull dead water or energetically rich and vital water. If you had the choice between tap water or fresh spring water, what would you choose?
The tradition of vitalizing water with the usage of gems can be traced back thousands of years. Today, the analytical crystal healing methods are a significant component of treatments with many holistic therapy's. VitaJuwel bottles contain sealed vials of selected crystals to maintain the power of vitalizing the surrounding water, acting like a prism for the crystals energy. International research laboratory, Hagalis, conducted a scientific survey that proves VitaJuwels effect on water.
We are so excited to see VitaJuwel available at House of Beauty and don't miss out on our Holistic Hydration offer when you purchase yours.
Lycon is the professional's choice in quality wax and an essential ingredient in leading salons around the world and from the 12th October Sophie will specialise in these Hot Wax treatments.
We hope you like it and will update you next month with how things are coming along.


text:
Q: Magento - saving custom column to order object I am making some amendments to an Magento eCommerce website - one of the options at the checkout page is for a user to select their organisation from a dropdown and save this 'organisation_id' to the Magento order object & the customer object.
Would this be best off using an observer or is there another way this should be achieved?
My Magento knowledge is limited so please feel free to point out anything obvious that I have missed out
Can anyone suggest any tips/code to get this started?
UPDATE... i found this on another Stackoverflow post
$installer = $this;
$installer->startSetup();
$setup = new Mage_Eav_Model_Entity_Setup('core_setup');

$setup->addAttribute('order', 'organisation_id', array(
'position'      => 1,
'input'         => 'text',
'type'          => 'varchar',
'label'         => 'Organisation ID',
'visible'       => 1,
'required'      => 0,
'user_defined' => 1,
'global'        => 1,
'visible_on_front'  => 1,

));
$installer->endSetup();

Would this create the database attributes for the organisation_id?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Robert Catesby (nacido en o después de 1572-8 de noviembre de 1605) fue un noble inglés, líder del grupo de católicos que planearon la fallida conspiración de la pólvora contra Jacobo I de Inglaterra y VI de Escocia en 1605.

Probablemente nacido en Warwickshire, Catesby se educó en el cercano Oxford. Su familia estaba formada por prominentes católicos recusantes, por lo que presumiblemente abandonó la universidad antes de conseguir el título para evitar confirmar el Juramento de Supremacía de Isabel I. Se casó con una mujer protestante en 1593 y fue padre de dos hijos, uno de los cuales le sobrevivió y fue bautizado como protestante para, después de la muerte de su padre y esposa, convertirse al catolicismo. En 1601 Catesby tomó parte en la rebelión de Essex, pero fue capturado y condenado, tras lo cual vendió sus posesiones en Chastleton.

Cuando Jacobo I se mostró menos tolerante con el catolicismo de lo que sus fieles habrían deseado, Catesby planeó asesinar al rey volando la Casa de los Lores con pólvora, como preludio de una revolución popular que terminaría con la ascensión al trono inglés de un monarca católico. Comenzó a reclutar personas para su causa a comienzos de 1604, entre los que se encontraban Thomas Wintour, John Wright, Thomas Percy y Guy Fawkes. Descrito posteriormente como una persona carismática e influyente, así como un fanático religioso, durante los meses siguientes ayudó a unir a otros ocho católicos a la conspiración, programada para el 5 de noviembre de 1605. Una carta enviada anónimamente a William Parker, IV barón de Monteagle, alertó a las autoridades y, en la madrugada del día previsto, durante una redada en el Parlamento, Fawkes fue encontrado custodiando los barriles de pólvora. La noticia de su arresto provocó que el resto de conspiradores huyesen de Londres, tras avisar a Catesby.

Acompañado de un reducido grupo de seguidores, Catesby se hizo fuerte en Holbeche House, Staffordshire, contra una compañía de doscientos hombres armados. Recibió un disparo, y su cadáver fue encontrado después agarrando una imagen de la Virgen María. Como aviso a otros traidores, su cuerpo fue exhumado y su cabeza cercenada exhibida fuera del Parlamento.

Infancia y juventud

Robert Catesby, tercer y único hijo que llegó a la edad adulta de William Catesby (1547- †1598) y Anne Throckmorton, nació probablemente en 1572 o inmediatamente después, en la residencia principal de su padre, en Lapworth, Warwickshire. Robert era descendiente directo de William Catesby (1408–1485), el influyente consejero de Ricardo III de Inglaterra, capturado en la batalla de Bosworth y posteriormente ejecutado. Por parte materna era descendiente de Robert Throckmorton de Coughton y su segunda esposa, Elizabeth Hussey, hija de John Hussey, primer barón Hussey de Sleaford. Los padres de Throckmorton eran prominentes católicos, llegando Catesby a sufrir años de prisión por sus creencias y a ser juzgado en la Cámara estrellada junto a William Vaux, tercer barón Vaux de Harrowden y su cuñado Thomas Tresham, bajo los cargos de haber protegido y hospedado al jesuita Edmund Campion. El patriarca de los Throckmorton, Thomas Throckmorton, también fue un conocido recusante que pasó años en prisión. Otro familiar cercano, Francis Throckmorton, había sido ejecutado en 1584 por su implicación en la conspiración para liberar a María I Estuardo.

En 1586 Robert fue enviado al Gloucester Hall de la Universidad de Oxford, un centro conocido por su inspiración católica. Todos los que quisieran estudiar en la universidad o acceder a un cargo público debían prestar el Juramento de Supremacía, un acto contrario a la fe católica de Catesby. Probablemente para evitar esta obligación, abandonó sus estudios antes de graduarse y es posible que acudiera al Colegio Inglés de la Universidad de Douai, en Reims, Francia, un centro de estudios fundado por el cardenal William Allen para la formación del clero inglés católico y de hijos de prominentes familias recusantes. Allí, Catesby recibió una intensa educación en teología escolástica, lenguas clásicas e historia de la Iglesia. Uno de los libros de texto usados en el colegio, escrito por el jesuita Martín de Azpilcueta, trataba sobre la casuística y empleaba la teología moral católica para explicar acciones que, normalmente prohibidas, podían ser aceptadas en circunstancias excepcionales. Esta doctrina pudo influir en la posterior justificación moral del complot de la pólvora.

Vida adulta

En 1593 Robert contrajo matrimonio con Catherine Leigh, hija de Thomas Leigh de Stoneleigh en Warwickshire. Catherine provenía de una rica familia protestante y aportó una dote de 2000 libras anuales, además de la oportunidad para Robert de librarse de algunas de las leyes vigentes contra la recusación. Debido al fallecimiento de su abuela al año siguiente heredó una propiedad en Chastleton, Oxfordshire. El primer hijo de la pareja, William, murió en la infancia, pero el segundo, Robert, sobrevivió y fue bautizado en la iglesia protestante de Chastleton el 11 de noviembre de 1595.

Pese a que las relaciones de su esposa y el ser un miembro rico, influyente y popular de la nobleza lo protegió de la recusación, en 1596 fue detenido por sus conocidas simpatías católicas como medida de precaución durante una enfermedad de la reina Isabel, y retenido en la Torre junto con los hermanos John, Christopher y Francis Tresham, siendo liberado tras la recuperación de la reina.

Cuando murió el padre de Catesby en 1598, sus propiedades en Ashby Saint Ledgers fueron heredadas por su esposa, mientras que Catesby y su familia permanecieron en Chastleton. Robert continuó siendo un «papista de Iglesia», apelativo dado a aquellos que públicamente aceptaban las leyes protestantes pero secretamente mantenían sus creencias católicas, pero el dolor por la muerte de Catherine, ese mismo año, parece haberle hecho volver a una forma más fanática del catolicismo.

En febrero de 1601 Catesby participó en la llamada Rebelión de Essex. El propósito del II conde de Essex parece haber sido guiado más por su propio interés que por el de la Iglesia Católica, pero Catesby esperaba que, si tenía éxito, volvería a reinar un monarca católico. La rebelión fue un fracaso y sitiado en Essex House Catesby fue herido y capturado, exigiéndose para su liberación un rescate de 4000 marcos ingleses, equivalente a unos seis millones de libras de 2008, que debían pagarse a la reina Isabel I. Thomas Tresham pagó parte del rescate, que fue completado con la venta de las posesiones de Catesby en Chastleton.

Algunos autores especulan sobre las actividades de Catesby cuando empeoró la salud de la reina. Probablemente formara parte del grupo de «principales papistas» encarcelados por el gobierno por peligro de rebelión y en marzo de 1603 podría haber enviado a Christopher Wright a España para pedir al rey Felipe III que continuara apoyando a los católicos ingleses tras la muerte de Isabel I. Catesby apoyó económicamente algunas actividades clandestinas de los jesuitas, a los que visitó ocasionalmente bajo el seudónimo de Mr Roberts.

Conspiración de la pólvora

Antecedentes

Los católicos esperaban que los años de persecución que sufrieron durante el reino de Isabel I terminarían con el ascenso al trono en 1603 de Jacobo I de Inglaterra y VI de Escocia. Su madre, María I, ejecutada en 1587 por traición, había sido una devota católica y la actitud de Jacobo, aparentemente moderada, había sido tolerante con el catolicismo. Los gobernantes protestantes de Europa, sin embargo, habían sido objeto de varios intentos de asesinato desde finales del siglo XVI y hasta 1620 numerosos católicos ingleses consideraron legítimo y justificable un regicidio para expulsar del poder a un tirano. Muchos de los escritos políticos de Jacobo se ocupaban de estos asuntos y de «la refutación del argumento [católico] de que "la fe no necesita ser custodiada por herejes"». Poco después de descubrir que el papa había enviado un rosario a su mujer, Jacobo expulsó a todos los jesuitas y al resto de sacerdotes católicos de su reino, reinstaurando las penas por recusación y provocando la indignación de muchos católicos, incluido Catesby.

La escritora e historiadora Antonia Fraser describe la mentalidad de Catesby como «la de un cruzado que no duda en empuñar la espada en favor de causas que considera espirituales». Escrita después de los acontecimientos de 1604 - 1606, la descripción que de Catesby hace su amigo jesuita Oswald Tesimond es más favorable: «su semblante era noble y expresivo en exceso (...) su conversación y maneras peculiarmente atractivas e imponentes, y todo por la dignidad de un carácter que ejercía una irresistible influencia en las mentes de las personas de su entorno». Antes de morir, el también conspirador Ambrose Rookwood afirmó que «le amaba y respetaba [a Catesby] como a su propia vida», mientras que, para el jesuita John Gerard, Catesby era «respetado en todos los ambientes en los que participaran hombres de armas» y que «pocos eran preferidos más que él y así incrementó mucho el número de sus conocidos y amigos». Para el estudioso Mark Nicholls, «la amargura ante el fracaso de Essex parece haber agudizado una ya de por sí considerable neurosis».

Preparativos

A pesar de que el conspirador más conocido y recordado es Guy Fawkes, fue Catesby el que diseñó el plan inicial del complot de la pólvora. No se conoce la fecha exacta en la que comenzaron los preparativos, pero parece que las primeras ideas se plantearon a comienzos de 1604. En algún momento alrededor de junio del año anterior Catesby recibió la visita del tataranieto de Henry Percy, cuarto barón de Northumberland, Thomas Percy, de agitada juventud hasta su conversión al catolicismo y que durante los últimos años del reinado de Isabel II había sido enviado por el noveno barón de Northumberland a una misión secreta en la corte de Jacobo en Escocia con el objetivo de pedir el favor del rey para los católicos de Inglaterra. Ante el discurrir de los acontecimientos, consideraba a Jacobo un traidor merecedor de la muerte, a lo que Catesby contestó que estaba ideando un plan mucho más ambicioso. Durante la vigilia de Todos los santos, el 31 de octubre, mandó llamar a su primo Thomas Wintour, que se encontraba en Huddington Court, en Worcestershire, con su hermano Robert. Thomas había sido educado como abogado y había luchado por Inglaterra en los Países Bajos, pero en 1600 se había convertido al catolicismo. Tras la derrota de Essex, viajó a España para recabar apoyos a la causa católica inglesa, una misión fallida que en los interrogatorios posteriores fue considerada parte de la «traición española». Sin embargo, Thomas declinó la oferta de Catesby, que reiteró la invitación en febrero del siguiente año.

Búsqueda de apoyo extranjero

Thomas, tras recuperarse de una enfermedad, se unió a su tío, al que ya se había unido el espadachín John Wright. Catesby le puso al tanto de su plan para asesinar al rey y a su gobierno volando «el Parlamento con pólvora (...) ya que en ese sitio nos han infringido todos los daños y quizá Dios lo ha elegido como lugar para su castigo». En un principio Wintour se opuso al plan de su primo, pero Catesby, que afirmaba que «la naturaleza de la enfermedad requiere un tratamiento radical», logró finalmente convencerle. A pesar de que España sólo realizó discretos esfuerzos diplomáticos con Inglaterra en cuestiones de religión, Catesby aún albergaba esperanzas de apoyo extranjero que ayudasen a una solución pacífica. Wintour volvió al continente, donde intentó sin éxito persuadir al Condestable de Castilla, Juan Fernández de Velasco y Tovar, para que presionase en pos de un mejor trato a los católicos en las negociaciones de paz que fructificaron en el Tratado de Londres de 1604.

Posteriormente se dirigió a William Stanley, un veterano militar católico inglés que había desertado a España, y al también exiliado espía galés Hugh Owen, si bien ambos dudaban de que los conspiradores recibieran apoyo español. Owen, a pesar de todo, presentó a Wintour a Guy Fawkes, un hombre al que Catesby consideraba «un caballero de confianza» que podía colaborar con ellos. Fawkes era un devoto católico inglés que había viajado al continente para luchar del lado de España en la Rebelión de los Países Bajos. Wintour le habló de su plan de «hacer algo en Inglaterra si la paz con España no nos ayuda» y en abril de 1604 los dos hombres volvieron a Gran Bretaña. Wintour transmitió a Catesby las nuevas de que, a pesar de la buena acogida por parte de los españoles, se temía que «las peticiones no serían respondidas». En opinión de Nicholls, estas noticias no fueron una sorpresa para Catesby, que ni quería ni esperaba más.

Primeros conspiradores

El 20 de mayo, domingo, en el acomodado distrito londinense de Strand, Catesby se encontró con Thomas Wintour, John Wright, Thomas Percy y Guy Fawkes en una taberna llamada «Duck and Drake». Percy se había incorporado al complot semanas después del retorno de Wintour y Fawkes a Inglaterra. A solas en una habitación privada, todos hicieron un juramento de secreto sobre un libro de oraciones, para después celebrar la Eucaristía en otra habitación, presidida por el jesuita y amigo de Catesby John Gerard. Robert Keyes fue admitido en el grupo en octubre de 1604 y encargado de vigilar la casa de Catesby en Lambeth, donde se iban a almacenar la pólvora y otros suministros. Dos meses después, Catesby reclutó a su sirviente Thomas Bates después de que accidentalmente se enterase del plan. En marzo de 1605 se incorporaron tres más: el hermano de Thomas Wintour, Robert, John Grant y el hermano de John Wright, Christopher.

Desarrollo
La sesión de apertura oficial del Parlamento del Reino Unido estaba programada para febrero de 1605, pero, debido a la peste, se retrasó al 31 de octubre. Según un documento gubernamental posterior, los conspiradores comenzaron a excavar el túnel bajo el Parlamento en diciembre de 1604, pero no existen pruebas ni restos de este túnel temprano. Si la historia fuera cierta, el grupo de Catesby habría dejado de excavar cuando fue posible alquilar una cámara subterránea bajo la Cámara de los Lores. Varios meses después, a comienzos de junio de 1605, Catesby se encontró con el superior de la Compañía de Jesús en Inglaterra, Henry Garnet, en la calle Thames de Londres. Durante una conversación acerca de la guerra de Flandes, Catesby le preguntó sobre la moralidad de «asesinar inocentes», a lo que Garnet contestó que dichas acciones podían ser perdonadas pero, según su propio testimonio, durante un segundo encuentro le enseñó una carta del papa en la que se prohibía la rebelión. Al parecer, Catesby contestó «a lo que quiero hacer, si el papa lo supiera, no la obstaculizaría, por el bien general de nuestro país». Las protestas de Garnet hicieron declarar a Catesby que «no estaba obligado por él a conocer la voluntad del papa». Poco después, el también jesuita Oswald Tesimond relató a Garnet cómo había sabido de la conspiración por una confesión de Catesby. Garnet y Catesby se encontraron por tercera vez el 14 de julio en White Webbs, Enfield Chase, el hogar de Anne Vaux, familiar de Catesby y una de las casas que el gobierno sospechaba se usaban como refugio de jesuitas. Sin reconocer que sabía de la naturaleza precisa del complot, Garnet intentó en vano disuadir a Catesby de sus propósitos.

Aumento del grupo de conspiradores
Hacia el 20 de julio de 1605, habían sido ya almacenados treinta y seis barriles de pólvora en la cámara subterránea, pero la amenaza de la peste de nuevo retrasó la apertura del Parlamento, esta vez hasta el 5 de noviembre. Catesby había asumido la mayor parte de los gastos del complot hasta ahora y se estaba quedando sin dinero. Según iban avanzando los preparativos, durante una reunión secreta en Bath, celebrada en agosto, en la que también estaban presentes Percy y Thomas Wintour, los conspiradores decidieron que, ya que «la compañía estaba lista, pero eran pocos», Catesby «podía llamar a quien fuera mejor», por lo que se reclutó a Ambrose Rookwood, un católico incondicional, joven y rico, que poseía un establo con buenos caballos en Coldham. Como tanto Rookwood como los caballos tenían que estar cerca de los otros conspiradores, Catesby le pidió que alquilase Clopton House en Stratford-upon-Avon. Francis Tresham, también descendiente de William Catesby, visitante frecuente en White Webbs y primo de Robert Catesby, se unió al grupo el 14 de octubre. Este último, según su testimonio después del fracaso del complot, preguntó a Catesby qué apoyo habría para los católicos cuando el rey fuera asesinado. La respuesta de Catesby, «Las necesidades de los católicos [eran tales que] debe hacerse», demuestra, en opinión de Fraser, su férrea determinación en el plan, mantenida desde su primer encuentro con Thomas Wintour en 1604. El último conspirador en unirse al grupo fue Everard Digby, el 21 de octubre, en Harrowden. Catesby le encontró en una celebración de la fiesta de san Lucas y le pidió que, ya que era rico y poseía un establo, alquilase Coughton Court, cerca de Alcester, para poder secuestrar a la princesa Isabel Estuardo, hija del rey.

Últimos preparativos
El día después al reclutamiento de Tresham, Catesby intercambió saludos con el antiguo patrón londinense de Fawkes, Lord Montague, y le preguntó si «el Parlamento, como parece, es el que ahora reclama la presencia aquí de su señoría». Montague le contestó que estaba visitando a un familiar y que estaría en el Parlamento en unas pocas semanas. Catesby le comentó que «su excelencia no encontraría placer allí». Montague ya había sufrido prisión por hablar en la Casa de los Lores contra las leyes antipapistas y fue arrestado tras el fracaso del complot, pero después de una intensa campaña de apoyo fue liberado unos meses después.

La incorporación de Rookwood, Tresham y Digby coincidió con una serie de reuniones en varias tabernas de Londres, en la que se perfilaron los últimos detalles del plan. Fawkes encendería la mecha y escaparía en un bote por el Támesis. En los Midlands se desataría una rebelión, durante la cual sería capturada Isabel Estuardo. Fawkes escaparía al continente y explicaría a los gobernantes católicos lo que había ocurrido en Inglaterra.

La carta de Monteagle

Bastantes de los conspiradores expresaron su inquietud sobre la suerte de los católicos que serían víctimas de la explosión. Percy estaba preocupado por su patrón, Northumberland, y cuando el nombre del joven Conde de Arundel salió a colación, Catesby sugirió que una pequeña herida le podría apartar del Parlamento ese día. La sugerencia de Keyes de avisar al Conde de Peterborough fue, sin embargo, rechazada. El 26 de octubre, William Parker, cuarto barón Monteagle y cuñado de Tresham, recibió una carta anónima en su casa de Hoxton, en la que le indicaban que no acudiera al Parlamento y le avisaban de que «recibirían un terrible golpe en el Parlamento y no serían capaces de saber qué les golpeaba». Inseguro de su significado, hizo llegar la carta al Secretario de Estado, Robert Cecil, conde de Salisbury. En un extraordinario acto de bravuconería, Catesby había planeado incluso ir de caza con la partida del rey, pero fue avisado de la traición por un sirviente de Monteagle. Inmediatamente sospechó que Tresham era responsable de la carta, una suposición compartida por Thomas Wintour. Juntos, interrogaron a Tresham y le amenazaron con ahorcarle, pero éste les convenció de que no había escrito la carta, además de urgirles a abandonar el complot.

Catesby esperó el regreso de Percy del norte antes de tomar su decisión. Valoró la carta como demasiado vaga para constituir una amenaza seria al plan y decidió continuar adelante. Mientras Fawkes comprobaba la pólvora, los otros conspiradores tomaron posiciones en los Midlands. Robert Cecil, al tanto de ciertos movimientos contrarios al rey ya antes de recibir la carta, desconocía la naturaleza exacta del complot y quién estaba implicado y decidió esperar al desarrollo de los acontecimientos. El 3 de noviembre, Catesby se encontró con Wintour y Percy en Londres, reunión de la que se desconoce el propósito, pero que Fraser teoriza supuso algunos cambios en el plan de secuestro de la princesa Isabel, ya que los testimonios posteriores sitúan a Percy en los aposentos del Duque de York, informándose de los movimientos de la hija del rey. Nicholls menciona que una semana antes, al mismo tiempo que Monteagle recibía su carta, Catesby estaba en White Webbs con Fawkes, discutiendo el posible secuestro del Príncipe de Gales, Enrique Estuardo, y no de su hermana.

Fracaso y huida
El 4 de noviembre de 1605, Catesby, John Wright y Bates viajaron a los Midlands, preparados para el levantamiento planeado. Sin embargo, esa noche Fawkes fue descubierto mientras vigilaba la pólvora en la cámara subterránea bajo la Cámara de los Lores. Cuando las noticias de su captura fueron difundidas, el resto de los conspiradores huyeron de Londres. El grupo de Catesby, ignorante de lo que había sucedido en la capital, hizo una parada en Dunstable cuando uno de los caballos perdió una herradura. Cuando Rookwood los alcanzó y anunció el arresto de Fawkes, el grupo, que ahora incluía a Rookwood, Catesby, Bates, los hermanos Wright y Percy, cabalgó hacia Dunchurch. Hacia las seis de esa tarde llegaron a la casa de la familia de Catesby en Ashby Saint Ledgers, donde permanecían su madre y Robert Wintour. Para mantener a su madre ignorante de los acontecimientos, Catesby envió un mensaje pidiendo a Wintour que se uniese a ellos en el límite de la población. La partida continuó su huida hasta Dunchurch, donde se encontraron con Digby y su grupo, a los que falsamente informaron de que el rey y el conde de Salisbury estaban muertos y que era necesario continuar con el plan.

Se avituallaron asaltando el castillo de Warwick el 6 de noviembre, antes de continuar hacia Norbrook, donde tenían guardadas las armas. Desde allí continuaron su viaje hasta Huddington. Catesby le entregó a Bates una carta dirigida a Henry Garnet y el resto de sacerdotes católicos escondidos en Coughton Court, en la que les informaba de lo ocurrido y les pedía ayuda para formar un ejército en Gales, donde se creía que el apoyo a su causa era fuerte. La respuesta de Garnet imploraba a Catesby y sus seguidores que cesasen de sus «actos malvados» y escuchasen los mandamientos del papa. Garnet escapó y evitó la captura durante varias semanas. Catesby y su grupo llegaron a Huddington a las dos de la tarde aproximadamente y allí se les unió Thomas Wintour. Asustados por la posibilidad de que les asociaran con los fugitivos, los familiares y amigos no implicados en el complot les mostraron su rechazo.

En Londres, mientras tanto, Fawkes era sometido a tortura y confesó todo lo que sabía. El 7 de noviembre el gobierno declaró a Catesby fugitivo en búsqueda y captura. Esa misma mañana el grupo de conspiradores se confesó y recibió la comunión, en opinión de Fraser un signo de que ninguno de ellos esperaba vivir más allá de ese día. El grupo de fugitivos, entre los que se encontraban los principales conspiradores, sus partidarios y la partida de Digby, se había reducido a treinta y seis personas. Salieron en medio de la lluvia hacia Hewell Grange, hogar del joven Lord Windsor. Éste no se encontraba en casa, así que se apropiaron de armas, munición y dinero. Los habitantes del lugar no les mostraron aprecio y, cuando los fugitivos les dijeron que luchaban «por Dios y la Patria», respondieron que ellos estaban «por el rey Jacobo, así como por Dios y la Patria». El grupo continuó hasta Holbeche House, en el límite de Staffordshire, donde llegaron hacia las diez de la noche. Cansados y desesperados, quisieron secar parte de la pólvora que transportaban y, aunque ésta no explotó, una chispa del fuego alcanzó la pólvora y las llamas resultantes hirieron a Catesby, Rookwood, Grant y otro hombre.

A pesar de las quemaduras, Catesby sobrevivió. Digby abandonó el grupo, ostensiblemente para desertar de la causa, como hizo también John Wintour. Thomas Bates huyó, junto a Robert Wintour. Los que quedaron fueron Catesby (descrito como «razonablemente en buen estado»), Rookwood, los hermanos Wright, Percy y John Grant, que estaba gravemente herido, sobre todo en los ojos. Decidieron permanecer en la casa y esperar a los hombres del rey. Catesby, creyendo cercana su muerte, besó el crucifijo de oro que llevaba alrededor de su cuello y afirmó haberlo dado todo «por el honor de la cruz». Rechazó entregarse y quiso «defenderse [hasta el final] con su espada».

Muerte y condena

Richard Walsh, Sheriff de Worcestershire y su compañía de doscientos soldados asediaron Holbeche House a las once de la mañana del día 8 de noviembre. Thomas Wintour fue herido en el hombro mientras cruzaba el patio. John Wright, su hermano y Rookwood recibieron cada uno al menos un disparo. Catesby y Percy fueron alcanzados por un único y certero disparo, seǵun el informe posterior, mientras estaban cerca de la puerta. Catesby consiguió entrar en la casa, donde fue después encontrado su cadáver, aferrado a un cuadro de la Virgen María. Este cuadro y su crucifijo de oro fueron enviados a Londres, para demostrar que «los ídolos y supersticiones papistas» habían inspirado a los conspiradores. Los supervivientes fueron encarcelados y los fallecidos enterrados cerca de Holbeche. Por orden del Conde de Northampton, sin embargo, se procedió a la exhumación de los restos de Catesby y Percy cuyos cuerpos fueron decapitados, dejando las cabezas para ser exhibidas clavadas en picas de hierro en el Parlamento. John Harington, segundo barón Harington de Exton, hizo un oportuno estudio de las cabezas mientras eran transportadas a Londres y después afirmó «no haber visto nunca semblantes tan terribles». La cabeza de Catesby adornó finalmente «un lado del edificio del Parlamento» para, en palabras del autor Alan Haynes, unirse a los «ciegos espectadores de su propio fracaso».

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Robert Catesby en The Gunpowder Plot Society
 Biografía de Robert Catesby

Conversos al catolicismo desde el anglicanismo
Católicos del Reino Unido
Conspiración de la pólvora
Activistas religiosos
Alumnado del Worcester College, Oxford
Antiprotestantes
Ingleses del siglo XVI
Ingleses del siglo XVII

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Apparently handbell choirs are still a thing. We had one play at our wedding.
Children's Time: Until Jesus Comes, green UM Worship and Song #3050. I couldn't find this online. Sorry!
Children's Time: Until Jesus Comes, UM Worship and Song (green) #3050. I couldn't find this online. Sorry!
'Twas in the Moon of Wintertime, blue PH # 61, v. 1.
Go, Tell It On the Mountain, blue PH #29. I love David Crowder's version here on KLOVE. The Blind Boys of Alabama have a great version too.
"Come Share the Lord," Black FWS # 2269.
Choir special: None this week.
Resp. to Forgiveness: To God Be the Glory, red UM Hymnal , # 98, verse 1.
Rejoice, the Lord is King, Red/UMC # 715.


text:
Guillaume de Machaut: Ma fin est mon commencement.
I'm going to cheat here and let this little rondeau — with all of its play of multiple symmetries and self-similar constructive wit uniting text and tunes — stand in for the whole corpus of Machaut's music, because I came to know the whole surviving catalogue more or less at once and I'm attached to all of it, secular and sacred, monophonic and polyphonic, and must refuse leaving anything out. It may be fairly argued that Machaut's musical style is not sufficiently distinct from the surviving music of his contemporaries, but none of his contemporaries, nor his immediate successors left a body of work comparable either in size or variety to Machaut's, and none, to my ear, was his match for the shape of his tunes or sensitivity of his ensemble textures. (And, of course, his musical work was a complement to his poetry.)
The Machaut celebratory year of 1977 was an important one for me, as discovering Machaut's music showed that music research and performance could be complementary activities, and the combination of both activities was compositionally inviting. A summer workshop in the mountains, with a collegium led by La Noue Davenport, was an exciting introduction to the rhythmic and tonal vigor of this music and an incredible contrast to the fare in high school band or choir. Copying out scores by hand, with the ambition of getting friends to sing or play them, was an opportunity to gain fluency in all the c clefs and try to puzzle out the Medieval French, but most importantly, to discover, for the first time and from inside-out, how a style of music, and the formal or textural variants within that style, actually worked. In the polyphony, especially, I was drawn to the great degree of freedom that voices could have between points of resolution or cadences, an experience marvelously echoed in the elaborating voices and instruments in Javanese gamelan music, Karawitan, which come together at seleh, targeted tones at the end of formal units. All the elements of this style — the fixed forms, some syllabic, others melismatic, the cadential formulae, the use of accompanying tenors, the use of extended syncopations and hockets — all registered, deep, in my musical consciousness, and with this a certain aesthetic ambition, that music should be able to live both in the depths, in its construction, and flow, at its surface.
Passing, smartly
A Brief Message Regarding a Title
More on the economics of the era of recorded sound
A Difficult Taboo
As Good As It Gets
Mit Schmalz
The Claque
X is for Xenophile.
Johannes Fritsch

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gershwin Publishing Corp. v. Columbia Artists Management, Inc., 443 F.2d 1159 (2d Cir. 1971), was a copyright infringement case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Second District ruled that defendant Columbia Artists Management, Inc. was liable for vicarious copyright infringement and contributory copyright infringement. Plaintiff American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers ("ASCAP"), on behalf of Gershwin Publishing Corp., sued Columbia Artists Management, Inc. ("CAMI") on the premise that CAMI had no permission to use a song from its repertory for a public, for-profit concert in which artists managed by CAMI performed. The final court decision established that contributory infringement can still be liable for copyright infringement if the party has knowledge of the violating activity, whether or not they are directly involved in the violation.

Background

On January 9, 1956, Todd Duncan and Camilla Williams, artists managed by CAMI, performed "Bess, You Is My Woman Now" at a public, for-profit concert in Port Washington, New York. The concert was sponsored by the Port Washington Community Concert Association. The song was performed without the artist nor the local association getting permission from Gershwin Publishing Corporation, who owned the copyright to the song.

Subsequently, ASCAP sued CAMI for allowing not paying license fees while gaining financial profit from the performance. ASCAP used this scenario as a test case to determine whether CAMI could continue to avoid paying license fees when music from ASCAP's catalogue is played at local community concerts.

CAMI's "Community Concert Associations"

CAMI has two main business enterprises. The first is managing artists. Secondly, CAMI has a local organization division, called the Community Concerts Division, whose main purpose is to organize and upkeep hundreds of nonprofit organizations ("Community Concert Associations") for the reason that some communities are too small to support professional managers and producers. Community Concert Associations sponsor annual concert series, totaling to approximately 3,000 concerts per year.

For its Community Concerts Division, CAMI sends one of its field representatives to meet with members of a community if it is seen as being able to support a local association. The representative helps the community form its own association by explaining CAMI's program, meeting with the officers of the local association, and reviewing the expected budget for the season. He also helps determine how the association will pay for the artists. In addition, the representative helps plan a one-week membership campaign, during which the association sells tickets for the concert season. CAMI also provides publicity material for the membership campaign as well as guidance on how to utilize them. These materials include press releases, proclamations by the mayor, editorials in the newspaper, and radio speeches delivered by well-known locals. The representative also helps keep record of the progress of the campaign in addition to personally delivering speeches on the radio at local clubs.

Despite the field representative's duties, CAMI's goal is to create the sense that the local association is the one in total control. CAMI's role in planning seems to diminish as representatives continue to teach local leaders how to organize these events, but CAMI still largely dominates much of the association's activities. Besides being heavily involved in the managing of the event, CAMI is also compensated for all of their efforts.

CAMI and Port Washington Community Concert Association

Much like their involvement in their "Community Concert Associations" division, CAMI played a role in organizing the 1964 Port Washington Association-sponsored concert. First, a field representative from CAMI launched an initial meeting to start planning for the concert season during which he estimated a budget, brought up potential musical talents, and helped plan the membership campaign week. The representative spent all of the membership campaign week in Port Washington and attended a "kick off" dinner for the campaign workers during which he instructed on how to sell tickets. Throughout the week, the representative also spent time at campaign headquarters, spoke to local civic clubs, gave advice on how to use promotional materials, and kept records on the campaign's progress. The representative also helped prepare a budget from all receipts and disbursements.

In general, there are two types of commission for community concerts. One is a differential that all artists pay CAMI for organizing and maintaining community concert associations. In addition, artists under contract pay CAMI a 15% management fee of their compensation after subtracting the differential. Artists not under contract with CAMI only pay the differential and not the management fee. There is more money available for the artists the more the membership campaign makes. Therefore, CAMI charges profitable concerts more for successful artists, which is beneficial for the artist and for CAMI, whose management fees increases. Following this process, Port Washington Association paid the artist's fees to CAMI after the concert. CAMI then deducted its commission from the fee and gave the remaining amount to the artist.

Opposing Arguments

ASCAP/Gershwin Publishing Corp.'s Argument

ASCAP argued that CAMI had substantial knowledge of the artists' and community associations' copyright violation during the planning process between the field representative and the local association. Therefore, ASCAP deemed CAMI as liable for infringement of their music repertory by organizing, supervising and controlling the local community concert associations.

CAMI's Argument

CAMI admitted to the fact that music belonging to ASCAP was played publicly and for-profit at community concerts without permission. Moreover, they acknowledged this was a violation of the Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C.S. § 1(e), and that the Court had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 133. However, CAMI's main premise was that it was not responsible for such infringement. Instead, it argued that the performing artists and local associations should be held them. It claimed the artists were direct infringers since they violated the idea that only copyright holders can perform the work in public, and the local association became contributory infringers because they had sponsored the concert. Further, CAMI maintained that they purposely did not make an effort to obtain copyright clearance for the community concerts. CAMI did not feel these clearances were necessary because it did not claim any responsibility for infringement that might occur.

Court Decision

A summary judgement was given on May 24, 1971 in which the court held that CAMI was a contributory infringer that was vicariously liable for its concert performers. Judge Henry Friendly served as the Chief Judge, Judge Robert P. Anderson served as Circuit Judge, and Judge Levet served as District Judge. The judges affirmed that CAMI was liable for copyright infringement because it had knowledge of the violation taking place and thus possessed the power to stop the infringement. Further, the Court established that CAMI could not avoid paying license fees when music in ASCAP's catalogue is performed at concerts, even when such events are sponsored by local organizations rather than directly by CAMI.

District Judge Anderson authored the final court's opinion. Based on the ways in which CAMI was involved in the copyright infringement, he stated that CAMI was liable for their involvement in planning and looking over the Port Washington Association's concert series. While CAMI did not have direct control over the artists it managed or over the local organization, the court deemed that the local association heavily depended on CAMI to produce the concert. Anderson additionally stated that CAMI had enough strength to stop their artists from copyright infringement and had a great part in creating and attracting the audience. In addition, CAMI took a significant financial profit from the copyright violation. By stating that CAMI's knowledge of the violation was enough to make CAMI liable, the court established an extension of the definition of contributory infringer.

Influence on Subsequent Cases

Although Copyright Act, 17 U.S.C.S. § 1(e) does not explicitly state that only those directly involved in the infringement can be liable, it been assumed that parties indirectly involved in the infringement can still be held responsible for infringement. Therefore, the summary judgement for this case set the definition for cases involving secondary liability, for all works protected under the Copyright Act of 1909. The court established a piece of the definition of contributory liability, in that a party associated with the secondary infringer may still be held to copyright litigation if it has sufficient knowledge of or involvement in the infringing act.

Criticism
Professor Tim Wu argues that the court decision was and is not helpful for subsequent cases. He contends that because CAMI was plainly guilty, what the court established was too specific and not pertinent to cases in which the copyright infringer does not know full details or is not involved in the violation.

See also
 Copyright Act of 1909
 List of copyright case law
 Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. v. Redd Horne, Inc.

References

External links

United States copyright case law
1971 in United States case law
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit cases
ASCAP
Town of North Hempstead, New York
United States lawsuits


text:
/* -*- mode: C; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
/* ex: set shiftwidth=4 tabstop=4 expandtab: */
/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2013, Georgia Tech Research Corporation
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author(s): Neil T. Dantam <ntd@gatech.edu>
 * Georgia Tech Humanoid Robotics Lab
 * Under Direction of Prof. Mike Stilman <mstilman@cc.gatech.edu>
 *
 *
 * This file is provided under the following "BSD-style" License:
 *
 *
 *   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
 *   without modification, are permitted provided that the following
 *   conditions are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 *     copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
 *     disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
 *     with the distribution.
 *
 *   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND
 *   CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
 *   INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 *   MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 *   DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
 *   CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 *   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 *   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF
 *   USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 *   AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 *   LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
 *   ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 *   POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "socanmatic.h"
#include "socanmatic/dict402.h"

enum canmat_402_state_val canmat_402_state( const struct canmat_402_drive *drive ) {
    uint16_t s = drive->stat_word;
    if( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_NRDY == (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_OFF_NRDY) ) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_NRDY;
    } else if  ( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_SW_ON_DISABLE == (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_OFF_SW_ON_DISABLE) ) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_SW_ON_DISABLE;
    } else if  ( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_RDY == (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_OFF_RDY) ) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_RDY;
    } else if  ( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_DIS == (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_ON_OP_DIS) ) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_DIS;
    } else if  ( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_EN == (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_ON_OP_EN) ) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_EN;
    } else if  ( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_QUICK_STOP == (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_ON_QUICK_STOP )) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_QUICK_STOP;
    } else if  ( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT_REACTION_ACTIVE ==
                 (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_FAULT_REACTION_ACTIVE) ) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT_REACTION_ACTIVE;
    } else if  ( CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT == (s & CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_MASK_FAULT) ) {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT;
    } else {
        return CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_UNKNOWN;
    }
}

const char *canmat_402_state_string( enum canmat_402_state_val s ) {
    switch(s) {
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_NRDY: return "Not ready to switch on";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_SW_ON_DISABLE: return "Off, switch on disabled";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_RDY: return "Off, ready to switch on";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_DIS: return "On, operation disabled";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_EN: return "On, operation enabled";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_QUICK_STOP: return "Quick stop";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT_REACTION_ACTIVE: return "Fault reaction active";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT: return "Fault";
    case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_UNKNOWN: return "?";
    }
    return "?";
}

#define CHECK_STATUS(V)                         \
    {                                           \
    enum canmat_status check_status_r = (V);    \
    if( CANMAT_OK != check_status_r ) {         \
        return check_status_r;                  \
    }                                           \
    }                                           \

enum canmat_status canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( struct canmat_iface *cif, struct canmat_402_drive *drive ,
                                           uint16_t mask_and, uint16_t mask_or ) {

    uint16_t ctrl = (drive->ctrl_word & mask_and) | mask_or;
    canmat_status_t r = canmat_402_dl_controlword( cif, drive->node_id, ctrl, &drive->abort_code );
    if( CANMAT_OK == r ) drive->ctrl_word = ctrl;
    return r;
}

enum canmat_status canmat_402_set_op_mode( struct canmat_iface *cif, struct canmat_402_drive *drive ,
                                           enum canmat_402_op_mode op_mode );

enum canmat_status canmat_402_init( struct canmat_iface *cif, uint8_t id, struct canmat_402_drive *drive ) {

    drive->node_id = id;

    // control word
    CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_controlword( cif, drive->node_id, &drive->ctrl_word, &drive->abort_code ) );

    // status word
    CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_statusword( cif, drive->node_id, &drive->stat_word, &drive->abort_code ) );

    // position
    CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_position_actual_value( cif, drive->node_id,
                                                       &drive->actual_pos_raw, &drive->abort_code ) );
    // velocity
    CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_velocity_actual_value( cif, drive->node_id,
                                                       &drive->actual_vel_raw, &drive->abort_code ) );

    // vl target
    CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_vl_target_velocity( cif, drive->node_id,
                                                    &drive->target_vel_raw, &drive->abort_code ) );

    // op mode
    {
        int8_t i;
        CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_modes_of_operation( cif, drive->node_id,
                                                        &i, &drive->abort_code ) );
        drive->op_mode = (enum canmat_402_op_mode)i;
    }

    // limits
    {
        int32_t min, max; // raw values
        CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_software_position_limit_sub_min_position_range_limit(cif, drive->node_id,
                                                                                &min, &drive->abort_code) );
        CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_software_position_limit_sub_max_position_range_limit(cif, drive->node_id,
                                                                                &max, &drive->abort_code) );

        // FIXME: parametrize limits better
        drive->pos_max_hard = max / drive->pos_factor - 5*M_PI/180;
        drive->pos_min_hard = min / drive->pos_factor + 5*M_PI/180;
        drive->pos_max_soft = drive->pos_max_hard - 5*M_PI/180;
        drive->pos_min_soft = drive->pos_min_hard + 5*M_PI/180;
    }

    // current
    /* { */
    /*     canmat_obj_t *obj = canmat_dict_search_name( &canmat_dict402, "current actual value" ); */
    /*     assert( obj && obj->data_type == CANMAT_DATA_TYPE_INTEGER32 ); */
    /*     r = canmat_obj_ul( cif, drive->node_id, obj, &val ); */
    /*     if( CANMAT_OK != r ) return r; */
    /*     drive->actual_cur_raw = val.i32; */
    /* } */
    return CANMAT_OK;
}

/* static enum canmat_status check_state( struct canmat_iface *cif, struct canmat_402_drive *drive, */
/*                                        enum canmat_402_state_val state ) */
/* { */
/*     // get word */
/*     CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_statusword( cif, drive->node_id, &drive->stat_word, &drive->abort_code ) ); */
/*     // ensure we're in the expected state */
/*     if( state != canmat_402_state(drive) ) return CANMAT_ERR_DEV; */
/*     else return CANMAT_OK; */
/* } */

enum canmat_status canmat_402_start( struct canmat_iface *cif, struct canmat_402_drive *drive ) {
    // TODO: handle quick-stopped drives
    // TODO: check status word after each dl_control to make sure we really transitioned

    // update status
    int c = 0;
    while( c++ < 100 ) {
        CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_statusword( cif, drive->node_id, &drive->stat_word, &drive->abort_code ) );
        switch( canmat_402_state(drive) ) {
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_NRDY:
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_send_nmt( cif, drive->node_id, CANMAT_NMT_START_REMOTE ) );
            break;
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_SW_ON_DISABLE:
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_AND_SHUTDOWN,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_OR_SHUTDOWN ) );
            break;
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_OFF_RDY:
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_AND_SWITCH_ON,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_OR_SWITCH_ON ) );
            break;
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_DIS:
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_AND_ENABLE_OP,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_OR_ENABLE_OP ) );
            break;
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_OP_EN:
            return CANMAT_OK;
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_ON_QUICK_STOP:
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_AND_DISABLE_VOLTAGE,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_OR_DISABLE_VOLTAGE ) );
            break;
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT_REACTION_ACTIVE:
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_FAULT:
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_AND_SHUTDOWN,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_OR_SHUTDOWN ) );
            // Schunk drives seem to need this start NMT to get over the error
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_send_nmt( cif, drive->node_id, CANMAT_NMT_START_REMOTE ) );
            // reset error
            CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_AND_RESET_FAULT,
                                                  CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_OR_RESET_FAULT ) );
            break;
        case CANMAT_402_STATE_VAL_UNKNOWN:
        default:
            return CANMAT_ERR_PROTO;
        }
        // update status
        //CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_ul_statusword( cif, drive->node_id, &drive->stat_word, &drive->abort_code ) );
    }
    return CANMAT_ERR_DEV;

}

enum canmat_status canmat_402_stop( struct canmat_iface *cif, struct canmat_402_drive *drive ) {
    return canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive, CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_AND_SHUTDOWN, CANMAT_402_CTRLCMD_MASK_OR_SHUTDOWN );
}

enum canmat_status canmat_402_probe_pdo(
    struct canmat_iface *cif, struct canmat_pdo_descriptor_table tab,
    const struct canmat_402_drive *drive )
{
    return CANMAT_OK;

}

enum canmat_status canmat_402_set_op_mode( struct canmat_iface *cif, struct canmat_402_drive *drive,
                                           enum canmat_402_op_mode op_mode ) {
    // Depend on a user-configurable RPDO for now
    if( drive->rpdo_user < 0 || drive->rpdo_user > 0xFF ) return CANMAT_ERR_PARAM;

    // Check that opmode is handled
    struct canmat_obj *ref_obj = NULL;
    uint16_t ctrl_and = 0xFFFF, ctrl_or = 0;
    canmat_scalar_t ref_val = {0};
    switch( op_mode ) {
    case CANMAT_402_OP_MODE_VELOCITY:
        ref_obj = CANMAT_402_OBJ_VL_TARGET_VELOCITY;
        ref_val.u16 = 0;
        ctrl_and = 0xFFFF;
        ctrl_or = ( CANMAT_402_CTRLMASK_VL_RFG_ENABLE |
                    CANMAT_402_CTRLMASK_VL_RFG_UNLOCK |
                    CANMAT_402_CTRLMASK_VL_RFG_USE_REF );
        break;
    default: return CANMAT_ERR_PARAM;
    }
    if( NULL == ref_obj ) return CANMAT_ERR_PARAM;

    // Set mode unless already set
    if( op_mode != drive->op_mode ) {
        // Make sure the drive is halted
        if( ! (drive->ctrl_word & CANMAT_402_CTRLMASK_HALT) ) {
            return CANMAT_ERR_MOTION;
        }

        // set the mode
        CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_modes_of_operation( cif, drive->node_id, op_mode,
                                                        &(drive->abort_code) ) );
        drive->op_mode = op_mode;

        // Set reference to no-motion value
        CHECK_STATUS( canmat_obj_dl( cif, drive->node_id, ref_obj, &ref_val, &(drive->abort_code) ) );
    }

    // Map the RPDO
    const struct canmat_obj *obj_ar[1] = {ref_obj};
    canmat_status_t r = canmat_pdo_remap( cif, drive->node_id, (uint8_t)(drive->rpdo_user), CANMAT_DL,
                                          CANMAT_PDO_TRANSMISSION_TYPE_EVENT_DRIVEN, -1, -1,
                                          1, obj_ar, &(drive->abort_code) );

    // set control word
    CHECK_STATUS( canmat_402_dl_ctrlmask( cif, drive,
                                          ctrl_and,
                                          ctrl_or ) );
    return r;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Giovanni Rucellai, kallad Giovanni di Paolo Rucellai, född 26 december 1403 i Florens, död där 1481, var en italiensk köpman, humanist och författare. Han var en inflytelserik mecenat under den florentinska renässansen. Han är känd för att ha låtit uppföra Palazzo Rucellai och Loggia Rucellai samt bekosta Santa Maria Novellas marmorfasad och Tempietto del Santo Sepolcro. Inskriptionen på Santa Maria Novellas fasad lyder: IOHANES⋅ORICELLARIVS⋅PAV⋅F⋅AN⋅SAL⋅MCCCCLXX.

Bilder

Källor

Noter

Webbkällor

Tryckta källor

Externa länkar

Italienska mecenater
Män
Personer från Florens
Födda 1403
Avlidna 1481
Italienska humanister
Renässanshumanister
Personer under renässansen


text:
Home Sports Stars Male David Silva Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
David Silva Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
David Josué Jiménez Silva
David Silva, Merlin
David Silva during a match between Manchester City and Leicester City on December 29, 2015 in Leicester, England
Arguineguin, Gran Canaria, Spain
Professional Footballer
Father – Fernando Jimenez (Former Police Officer)
Mother – Eva Silva
Siblings – Nando Jimenez Silva (Younger Brother), Natalia Jimenez Silva (Older Sister)
Silva is signed with IFM.
Attacking Midfielder / Winger
5 ft 7 in or 170 cm
David Silva listening the intonation of the Spanish anthem during a match between Spain and Slovakia on September 5, 2015 in Oviedo, Spain
Multiracial
Silva is of Japanese descent.
Small frame (Standing only 5 ft 7 in)
Mole mark on the left side near his chin
Mop Top hairstyle
David Silva shirtless body
David was seen in a commercial for team Spain alongside Fernando Torres, Iker Casillas, Andres Iniesta, and Sergio Ramos in 2013.
His quickness and speed on the football pitch and also for his high IQ as a midfielder. He became noticeable while he played for the Spanish team Valencia.
First Football Match
Silva made his professional debut during the 2004-2005 season while he was on loan by Eibar from Valencia.
He played his first official match for Manchester City on August 14, 2014, against Tottenham Hotspur.
On November 15, 2006, David debuted for the senior national team of Spain in a friendly match against Romania.
Speed and Quickness
David Silva during the UEFA Champions League Quarter Final second leg match between Manchester City and Paris Saint-Germain on April 12, 2016
David has not taken a part in any of the movies yet, but he played as himself in the documentary film The Referees (2009).
As we mentioned earlier in this article, David's trademarks are his speed, quickness, and agility. His potential as a midfielder was never questioned because of one reason, his work ethic. The Spanish international is described as a very calm player who is always relying on hard work.
Silva's god-given gift – his athletic potential backed up with his primary leg being left, and the work he puts in made him what he is today, a complete attacking midfielder and one of the best in the business.
David Silva Favorite Things
Food – Rice cooked in Cuban style (Arroz a la cubana in Spanish)
Hobbies – Playing Racket Sports
TV Show – TV series both Spanish and English
Actress – Scarlett Johansson
Color – None. He likes all of them.
Source – DavidJimenezSilva.com
David Silva Facts
While young, he played football in the youth team UD San Fernando.
Before he began playing as a winger, Silva was a goalkeeper.
David idolized the former Danish attacking midfielder Michael Laudrup.
At the age of 14, he accepted the offer from Valencia to join their youth team. He remained in the squad until 17.
Silva won the Copa del Rey 2008 trophy with Valencia's first team.
On June 30, 2010, David got transferred to Manchester City. He signed a four-year deal before the start of the 2010-2011 season.
He won the 2011-2012 Premier League with Manchester City. The same year, he was named in the Premier League Team of the Year.
On September 17, 2012, Silva extended his contract with Manchester City for five more years.
Silva was a part of the U-17 Spanish national team during the 2003 FIFA u-17 World Championship in Finland.
He played for the U-21 Spanish national team at the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship.
Follow Silva on his Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook.
Adam Jones Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Phoeberry Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Azim Premji Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Douglas Henshall Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics
Stephen Moyer Workout Routine and Diet Plan


MEDIDAS: 8,5 CM DE ALTURA X 2,5 CM DE LARGURA X 3 CM DE ESPESSURA.
SUA FESTA DE BOTECO VAI TER UM CHARME A MAIS COM ESSAS GARRAFINHAS. QUE TAL TAMBÉM OFERECER COM LEMBRANÇAS PARA OS CONVIDADOS? PERSONALIZE SUA MESA TEMÁTICA COM ESSAS MINIATURAS BEM CARACTERIZADAS.


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text:
« News, observations, and guesses January 2022
News, observations, guesses January 14, 2022
The Atlantic writes:
The fact that we'll eventually end up with endemic COVID has not changed. And the fact that people cannot expect to avoid the virus forever in an endemic scenario has not changed. Omicron is now forcing us to look squarely at the reality that people can get and spread COVID even when vaccinated.
This is the same script that was used for media coverage about the poisoning of the biosphere, habitat destruction, mass extinction, and climate change: First ignore it and deny it, then, if that is not possible anymore, call it inevitable, call it the new normal, and regard it as a fact of life.
Concerning the pandemic, propagandists yet have one big problem: China is not playing along, it still insists on its zero-Covid strategy.
Imagine: The creativity, ingenuity, and discipline of 1.4 billion rather healthy people, compared to the creativity, ingenuity, and discipline of 330 million US-Americans, many of them stricken by long Covid and other chronic diseases.
This is a menace, an existential threat to US hegemony and Western neocolonialism. The whole Western World, the imperial coalition, ravaged by COVID-19, could be outcompeted, subjugated, and humiliated, society and culture could be changed, history could be rewritten.
Will China's "century of humiliation" be revenged?
There's only one way to fend off this threat: Brutal military aggression. But is has to come fast, because the window of opportunity will be closing soon.
A new study from the UK suggests that antibody levels may start to drop off by 15 to 25 percent already 10 weeks after a booster shot. Vaccine manufacturers are starting to develop Omicron-specific boosters — but this will take time. Pfizer expects an Omicron vaccine to be ready in March.
Efficacy and safety of Covid vaccines are still vigorously debated by scientists and doctors, but one will not hear anything about this in mainstream media. Questioning the wisdom of betting on "vaccinations and nothing else" is conspiracy theory.
Such a modus operandi is called: "zero visible dissent."
Pandemic policies have been coherent, logical, and straight forward from the start and throughout the Corona crisis. It never was in dispute that securing profits is the supreme goal of most governments and that ordinary peoples lives and welfare are a distant afterthought. A headline in the Washington Post illustrates: "Lawmakers are discussing more pandemic relief for businesses."
Pandemic relief for the people may come after that — if the budgets allow it.
News channels report: In another effort to bolster the economy, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson told the House of Commons that pre-departure tests for people traveling to England will no longer be required because the Omicron variant is so prevalent that travel restrictions meant to contain its spread are now meaningless.
Let 'er rip.
As authorities all over the world are busy with securing profits and corporate financial wellbeing, pandemic mitigation efforts concerning health care have become individual responsibility. It's up to you to avoid infection, reinfection, and reinfection again.
If you want to avoid life-threatening sickness and possible longtime ailments: Isolate, don't contact persons who may be infected, avoid places and spaces where infected persons may be, don't travel.
You will object: "But that's impossible, we live in a task sharing, supply chain dependent industrial global economy."
But what about creativity, what about "thinking outside the box? Your employer demands that to boost productivity, while your personal life should remain unchanged, so that you remain a dependable cog in the big profit machine.
What about creativity, what about "thinking outside the box" to change your life fundamentally, to drop out of the rat race?
Old habit's die hard, old ways of thinking are difficult to leave, old perceptions, beliefs, ideologies are hard to overcome. Maybe an extraordinary experience (a pandemic for instance) can push you over the precipice into a new modest life of subsistence in a close-knit local community.
A modest, harmonious life of subsistence in a close-knit local community — nothing less will do. Not to forget: Inner peace, serenity, content are required too.
We will need more sages and prophets.
This is old "New Age" crap, easily to be dismissed with some stinging mockery on social media platforms. The noise from quadrillions of loudspeakers, the honking from endless columns of cars, the banging, buzzing, roaring, growling of big industrial and agricultural machines will drown the silence of nature, wisdom, and love. And bury the visions of a new peaceful, harmonious world.
Is the pandemic a transitional event? Will it end the industrial noises and the cacophony of modern urban life? Will it show the way to a sane world? Will it be the last pandemic or just the start of a merciless purge of human predators in the epic ware of humans against nature?
Will nature prevail or will humans win and continue destroying nature?
Which side are you on? Are you supporting humans or are you a traitor, a thug who is collaborating with nature, trying to impede human progress?
How to cope with the painful realization that we are not uninvolved bystanders, observers, that we are combatants indeed?
How to overcome cognitive dissonance and mental paralysis? How to drop out of the rat race? How to regroup and retreat to the mountains?
Do we need to sacrifice the conveniences and allures of modern life for preserving future or shall we better sacrificing future for the conveniences and allures of modern life?
You want to have it both ways, have your cake and eat it too? You convince yourself and vehemently argue that these are silly and irrelevant questions, that the poisoning of the biosphere, habitat destruction, mass extinction, and climate change are just bumps in the highway of human progress and that science will find ingenious solutions to enable endless economic growth?
Continue dreaming, but don't blame anybody than yourself for the rude awakening!
The pandemic is worsening and there could be an estimated 3 billion new infections globally over the next months thanks to the highly infectious Omicron variant. The largest outbreaks are across Europe and North America, but Omicron has reached most corners of the world, with its impact depending on the various health care and disease prevention politics.
Covax, the vaccine-sharing initiative, has shipped a billion doses, which sounds impressive but is far behind where it planned to be at this point in the pandemic. The selfishness displayed by vaccine-hoarding richer countries could prolong the pandemic, but nothing is for sure, as fast changes, unexpected developments, and a deluge of misleading data make predictions difficult.
Unwavering efforts to eliminate Covid in China
The northwestern Chinese city of Xi'an suspended all passenger flights at its airport until further notice. Chinese officials say that the outbreak in Xi'an has largely "brought under control" after two weeks of a stay-at-home order with daily case counts down to single digits. Other cities where clusters have been detected face similar restrictions, including a partial lockdown in Yuzhou, Zhengzhou, Xuchang, Anyang, and Tianjin.
The lockdown in Xi'an and associated public health measures, including mass testing and contact tracing, the establishment of quarantine centers, and the provision of food and home supplies required a huge mobilization of resources.
Multiple rounds of testing the whole population have been conducted to identify new cases. 5,077 testing points have been set up, with more than 30,000 testing personnel and 132,900 related service personnel.
Initially one person from a household was permitted to go out to buy food and supplies every two days. However, that policy was further tightened to prohibit all trips (except testing for COVID-19). To provide food and other daily necessities to the city of 13 million, authorities mobilized 64,000 grassroots officials and 45,000 volunteers, many of whom are students, workers, and retirees.
The purchase of food and other supplies is mainly done by placing orders from businesses, and delivery by volunteers or community workers. In addition, food and daily necessities purchased by the government or donated by people from all walks of life are distributed by volunteers and community workers.
There has been an expansion of medical services throughout the city. Xi'an has built new hospitals in the course of the pandemic, another one with a capacity of 3,000 beds is under construction.
Beginning in mid-December, medical institutions from neighboring areas have sent more than 1,000 medical workers to Xi'an and on December 27, 150 medical workers from the Air Force Military Medical University went to Xi'an.
The city of Yuzhou in the central province of Henan imposed a lockdown on January 3, 2022, after the discovery of three coronavirus cases. Yuzhou's 1.1 million residents were ordered to remain indoors and public transport was suspended. As of January 4, over 950,000 people had been tested for Covid-19.
In the port city of Tianjin 97 people tested positive for COVID-19 in a first round of mass testing and contact tracing of the city's 14 million people, Authorities imposed restrictions on movement both within Tianjin and in neighboring areas including Beijing. 75,000 people are quarantined, subway lines are partially closed, and most flights are cancelled. Tutoring centers, daycare centers, and vocational training centers have been closed while universities and colleges have sealed off campuses.
Imported cases of Omicron have been found in five cities (Tianjin, Guangzhou, Changsha, Shenzhen, and Zhejiang) and there have been a few confirmed cases of community transmission in Guangzhou.
Omicron cases have also been identified in Anyang city in Henan province, more than 300 miles from Tianjin. The cases have been traced to a potential source — a university student who returned to Anyang from Tianjin on December 28, raising the possibility that Omicron has been circulating in Tianjin for nearly two weeks. A lockdown of Anyang, home to 5.5 million, was being ordered to facilitate mass testing. The northeastern city of Dalian reported one Omicron case, imported from Tianjin.
Chinas efforts to eliminate COVID-19 are dismissed or discredited by Western commentators who are well aware, that this could become a monumental and unprecedented humiliation for the USA and Europe.
https://mronline.org/2022/01/12/yes-there-really-were-only-two-covid-deaths-in-mainland-china-in-2021-heres-how-they-did-it/
The New York Time writes: The army of millions who enforce China's zero-Covid policy, at all costs. As the troubled lockdown in Xi'an has shown, many Chinese people remain willing to work diligently toward the government's goal of eliminating the virus, no matter the consequences.
No matter the consequences? If the consequences are less sickness and death, all costs are justified. But that's certainly not what the New York Times implied.
Or living with COVID
A recent study, published on medRxiv, found, that most Omicron cases were infectious for several days before being detectable by rapid antigen tests. Incubation periods (the time from infection till becoming infectious) were as short as three days.
Omicron has a much higher rate of asymptomatic carriage than other variants. It is often undetected, which certainly helps its rapid global dissemination.
Researchers in Glasgow discovered that an essential protein on lung cells called TMPRSS2, which helped previous SARS-COV-2 variants to gain entry into the lung cells bound less strongly to Omicron, making it more difficult to get inside the cells.
The fact that the new variant seems milder than originally feared is likely to mean that restrictions are lifted more quickly and that the economic effect is more moderate than it might have been. Israel and Australia, for example, are already loosening restrictions despite high case numbers.
The abandonment of public health measures has been spurred by a massive disinformation campaign which has successfully convinced a significant portion of the population that not making a fuss and just enduring COVID-19 is the way to go. The young and healthy have especially embraced this narrative.
Obama and Biden adviser Ezekiel Emanuel, together with other former Biden administration health advisers, including Michael Osterholm and Céline Gounder, called for COVID-19 to become the "new normal."
Emanuel organized the production of three opinion articles published in JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association). The statements there were hailed with front coverage in the New York Times, Washington Post, and NBC Nightly News. Emanuel told NBC: "We have to reorient our goal so we can get it to a manageable state, and we can continue with our normal life while Covid is around just like we do with flu."
CDC director Rochelle Walensky correspondingly stated on ABC Good Morning America: "The overwhelming number of deaths, over 75 percent, occurred in people who had at least four comorbidities, so really these are people who are unwell to begin with, and yes, really encouraging news in the context of Omicron."
Ignoring long COVID
Yet, the idea of "Omicron the Pandemic Killer" ignores dangers of long COVID. SARS-CoV-2 is not just a respiratory virus, it is similar to HIV because it can silently spread throughout the host's body and attack almost every organ. It has multiple avenues to induce long-term impairment, attacking the brain, heart, lungs, blood, testes, colon, liver, and lymph nodes, causing persistent symptoms. The virus is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause significant neurological damage (demonstrated in mice at the University of Washington).
SARS-CoV-2 is frequently detected in brain (loss of smell) and heart (loss of cardiac function from myocarditis). Even those who develop 'mild' COVID-19 can develop long COVID-19. There is no indication that Omicron involves a reduction in the incidence of long COVID, potentially meaning millions of people will be debilitated for months, years, or their entire lives.
A preprint study by Oxford University investigators on the medRxiv website, compares brain scans for SARS-CoV-2 infections in 394 COVID-19 patients who tested positive for the infection against 388 patients in a control group. "We identified significant effects of COVID-19 in the brain with a loss of grey matter in the left parahippocampal gyrus, the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the left insula," the study states. "When looking over the entire cortical surface, these results extended to the anterior cingulate cortex, supramarginal gyrus, and temporal pole."
In the UK, hospitalizations of children under six years with COVID-19 are rapidly rising with 570 admissions in just one week. 3 million children (aged 0-19) have been infected with COVID, with a record 40,000 daily cases on January 10. Long COVID numbers in children have more than tripled in 6 months. 117,000 children have long COVID and 20,000 endure illness lasting more than a year.
For the week ending December 30, children accounted for 17.7 percent of new reported cases in the USA, the American Academy of Pediatrics said, noting a record 325,00 new cases among children — a 64 percent increase from the week prior. The week ending January 6 saw even 580,247 pediatric COVID-19 cases, up 74 percent. There were also a record 1,636 pediatric hospitalizations and 14 additional deaths.
In Georgia, public school teachers who test positive for Covid-19 no longer have to isolate before returning to school, and contact tracing in schools is no longer required, according to a letter to school leaders from Gov. Brian Kemp and public health commissioner Kathleen Toomey. The Georgia Department of Public Health posted an updated administrative order allowing teachers and school staff to return to work after a Covid-19 exposure or a positive Covid-19 test if they remain asymptomatic and wear a mask while at work.
https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2022/01/more-on-the-morbidity-risk-of-omicron-like-a-chess-grandmaster-playing-against-schoolboys.html
US pandemic news
800,000 US-Americans have died from Covid-19 (December 18, 2021).
President Biden vowed "not to shutdown the economy, period."
In New York, officials have had to delay or scale back trash and subway services because of a virus-fueled staffing hemorrhage. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority said about one-fifth of subway operators and conductors (1,300 people) have been absent in recent days. Almost one-fourth of the city sanitation department's workers were out sick. The city's fire department also has adjusted for higher absences, as 28 percent of EMS workers were out sick.
At Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, two checkpoints at the airport's busiest terminal were shut down because not enough Transportation Security Administration agents showed up for work.
Just 37 percent of US-Americans name the virus as one of their top five priorities for the government to work on in 2022, compared with 53 percent who said it was a leading priority at the same time a year ago. The economy outpaced the pandemic in the open-ended question, with 68 percent of respondents mentioning it in some way as a top 2022 concern. A similar percentage said the same last year, but mentions of inflation are much higher now: 14 percent this year, compared with less than 1 percent last year.
https://www.counterpunch.org/2022/01/13/profits-over-people-why-werent-the-vaccine-manufacturers-nationalized/
Other pandemic related news
Scientists at the University of Cyprus have found 25 cases of a strain of the coronavirus that combines elements of the delta and omicron variants. The researchers sent their findings to GISAID, an international database that tracks viruses. They called the mutation "deltacron" and doubt, that it will prevail.
Only one monoclonal antibody, sotrovimab, currently works against Omicron, and supplies are short.
The US government ordered 700,000 doses of AstraZeneca's combination antibody Evusheld, for about 300 US$ per dose. The drug was authorized in December to prevent infection with COVID-19 in immunocompromised adults and adolescents, as well as those who cannot get vaccinated for medical reasons. AstraZeneca's Vaxzevria, given as a third booster dose, is also said to increase antibodies against Omicron.
Pfizer's antiviral Paxlovid, also recently authorized, has been shown effective at preventing high-risk people from requiring hospitalization. But only 20 million doses of the drug, which is hard to manufacture and costs 530 US$ per course, will be available throughout 2022.
It is doubtful, that these rare and expensive drugs will be equitably distributed.
https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com
China sent a million COVID-19 vaccine doses to Syria. This is the fourth time China has sent coronavirus vaccine doses to Syria,
Syria experienced a bad outbreak of COVID-19 late last year, exacerbating the fragile healthcare system that has been damaged by year of civil war. Cases have since decreased, and the country of 17 million is averaging around 40 new infections per day, according to data from Reuters.
China is an ally of Syria. Last month, China's embassy in Damascus provided a grant to a Syrian nonprofit.
China has provided its Sinopharm vaccine to several countries in the Middle East, including Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. China's Red Cross also sent 6 million Sinopharm doses to Iran in October.
UK travel industry groups have called for all remaining Covid restrictions on travelers to be removed. The travel industry said compulsory testing for UK arrivals and departures had held back the sector's recovery.
A recent report by aviation analytics firm Cirium found that the Covid pandemic triggered a 71 percent drop in international flights in and out of the UK in 2021.
Royal Caribbean International canceled cruise voyages on four ships because of "ongoing Covid-related circumstances around the world." Norwegian Cruise Line canceled the voyages of eight ships.
Who wins, who loses?
An unprecedented wealth transfer from the already exploited population to extremely rich and powerful people has been ongoing for the past two years, while the kind of neoliberal restructuring they've been dreaming about has been implemented in the name of saving lives.
The cozy Covid life for privileged, resourced people who can work from home or afford not to work is propped up in many ways at the expense of many who are suffering under the economic restructuring process for the oligarchy
The richest 10 percent of the global population currently take 52 percent of global income, whereas the poorest half of the population earns 8.5 percent of it. On average, an individual from the top 10 percent of the global income distribution earns 122,100 US$ per year, whereas an individual from the poorest half of the global income distribution makes 3,920 US$ per year.
The poorest half of the global population barely owns any wealth at all, possessing just 2 percent of the total. In contrast, the richest 10 percent of the global population own 76 percent of all wealth.
Luxury carmaker Rolls-Royce, a unit of Germany's BMW, said its sales soared 49 percent to a record high in 2021, as demand worldwide for luxury vehicles surged. The carmaker sold 5,586 vehicles to customers in more than 50 countries, the largest number in its 117-year history.
Eternal economic growth is still the prevailing state religion.
Asia will be very important for growth prospects in 2022. Major economies such as the UK, Japan and the eurozone were all still smaller than before the pandemic as recently as the third quarter of 2021. The only major Western economy that has already recovered its losses and regained its pre-COVID size is the United States.
China still rising
The Chinese economy is projected to have grown 10.6 percent for the whole of 2021, compared with 2019, the year the coronavirus first emerged in Wuhan. Chinese gross domestic product (GDP) was on course to hit 15.66 trillion US$ versus 14.15 trillion US$ in 2019.
China has managed the pandemic well with strict control measures, and its economy has achieved strong growth since the second quarter of 2020. It has been struggling with a heavily over-indebted property market, but appears to have handled these problems relatively smoothly. Though the jury is out on the extent to which China's debt problems will be a drag in 2022, some such as Morgan Stanley argue that strong exports, accommodative monetary and fiscal policies, and government provided relief for the real estate sector point to a decent performance.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) trade agreement came into force. Signed at the end of 2020, and ratified by at least 10 of its parties through 2021, the deal constitutes the largest free trade agreement in history, including 15 countries, nearly one-third of the world's population, and 30 percent of the world's GDP. The RCEP trade agreement brings China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) into one bloc, where members enjoy 90 percent of goods tariff free. Tariffs on more than 65 per cent of China's trade in goods with ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand are expected to immediately reach zero.
Rail trade between China and Europe has seen container traffic up 30 percent and the China Development Bank will provide additional funding support to upgrade the China Railway Express, which links 89 Chinese cities with 23 countries in Europe.
Beijing over the past few years has framed itself as a champion, advocate, and defender of a multilateral trading system against protectionism, and in turn sought to hasten its trade agreements as a means to hedge against Washington's attempts to block Chinese economic development.
The trade war between the US and China looks likely to continue in 2022. The "phase 1" deal between the two nations, in which China had agreed to increase its purchases of certain US goods and services by 200 billion US$ over 2020 and 2021 has missed its target by about 40 percent (as at the end of November).
Essential questions remain unanswered:
When will the Chinese leadership wake up from the dreams of hegemony and eternal economic growth? Will China's great awakening and resurgence be followed by a great disenchantment? Will the poisoned lands still be able to feed the people? Is Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism a viable fallback option? Will there be a great redemption?
War preparations
According to a new SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) report published in December, the 100 largest arms companies sold 531 billion US$ worth of weapons in 2020 — a 1.3 percent increase compared to 2019.
The defense industry has been largely immune to the economic impact of the pandemic. While the global economy shrank by 3.1 percent in 2020, most of the 100 largest defense companies increased their sales.
Leading the way in arms sales is the United States, which accounts for 41 of the hundred largest arms producers, who increased their exports by 1.9 percent and achieved total sales of 285 billion US$ last year. This corresponds to 54 percent of the world total. As of 2018, the top five arms companies are all based in the US.
Russian defense sales, which account for five percent of global sales, declined for the third year in a row, falling from 28.2 billion US$ in 2019 to 26.4 billion in 2020. According to SIPRI, this is mainly due to the Russian government's diversification of product portfolios, according to which the share of civilian products must be 30 percent of total production by 2025 and 50 percent by 2050.
Political organizations in Kazakhstan in 2020 received 3.8 million US$ from George Soros' Open Society Foundation, which promotes regime change against pro-Russian leaders in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, and more than $1.2 million US$ from NED (National Endowment for Democracy) (data for 2021 is not yet publicly available).
The US European Command (better known by the acronym, EUCOM) announced that it was establishing a new headquarters in the Balkans – a special operations unit based in Albania, which would form part of an overall US government effort to increase the capacity of Western forces.
Former CIA agent Ray McGovern stated in an interview that the US government decided to open a military base in the region to undermine growing Chinese influence in the region and prevent the rapprochement between Tirana and Beijing.
A recent report by the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (a pro-Western Balkan NGO), identified at least 135 cooperation projects between China and Albania whose value exceeds 36 million US$. The projects work in the most diverse areas, including high technology, computing, metallurgy, mining, energy, transport, infrastructure, security, among others. One of the projects is a cooperation in technology with Huawei, a Chinese company that has been a prime target by Washington.
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China reported 201 new coronavirus cases for January 13, up from 190 a day earlier. Of the new infections, 143 were locally transmitted. The new locally transmitted cases were in Henan, Tianjin, Shaanxi, Guangdong, and Shanghai.
China reported 42 new asymptomatic cases, which it classifies separately from confirmed cases.
Posted in Environment, Politics |
Thank you so much for sharing the thought, research, synthesis, analysis, and perspective you present here.
by cathytea January 14, 2022 at 5:58 pm
Thank you so much for being a loyal longtime reader!
by mato48 January 14, 2022 at 6:09 pm
Humans are strange animals when all is said and done.
by mickmar21 January 15, 2022 at 11:47 am


These Air Jordan 1s promote wear and tear from the purchaser. Quotes across the design are anti contemporary sneaker culture where resellers stock up on big releases to overcharge less connected consumers. They promote the vibes of 90s and 2000s sneaker culture where everyone actually bought their sneakers AND wore them.
There will be a quick strike on Nov. 14th in Los Angeles then a more widespread release in December. Keep your eyes peeled for these.


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IT'S been a full 25 years since the Camry Crows were "revvin' hard til the siren goes".
But that oh-so-90s club song from Adelaide's foundation years will gain fresh relevance next weekend when two race cars carry the Crows' red, blue and gold colours during a support race at Tailem Bend's OTR SuperSprint Supercars event.
Veteran Supercars driver Jason Bright will make his return to racing in the Toyota 86 series in a car emblazoned in Adelaide warpaint, as part of his preparation for the upcoming 2018 Enduro Cup.
Bright, the 1998 Bathurst 1000 winner, last year retired from full-time racing but will partner Lee Holdsworth during this season's three-race miniseries at Sandown, Bathurst and Gold Coast.
Camera IconJason Bright will make his return to racing in the Toyota 86 series.Picture: News Corp Australia, Tim Hunter.
Former Supercars pilot Chris Pither will drive the other Crows-themed Toyota 86.
One car will be customised in the mostly dark blue of Adelaide's home strip and carry the No. 18 and name of Eddie Betts.
The second, mainly white in a nod to the Crows' clash jumper, will feature captain Taylor Walker's name and race under his No. 13. guernsey number.
The move stems from Toyota and Adelaide's long-time corporate partnership. Toyota has a similar relationship with the NRL's North Queensland Cowboys, and ran in colours supporting the home club at last month's Townsville Supercars event.


text:
namespace tadpole::gc {

ReferenceCount::ReferenceCount() noexcept {
}

ReferenceCount::~ReferenceCount() noexcept {
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}

void ReferenceCount::push_object(BaseObject* o) noexcept {
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}

BaseObject* ReferenceCount::pop_object() noexcept {
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    return o;
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}

BaseObject* ReferenceCount::peek_object(int distance) const noexcept {
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}

}