text:
Megawatt peak power level sub-100 fs Yb:KGW oscillators
Haitao Zhao and Arkady Major
Haitao Zhao and Arkady Major*
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, 75A Chancellors Circle, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V6, Canada
*Corresponding author: a.major@umanitoba.ca
Haitao Zhao and Arkady Major, "Megawatt peak power level sub-100 fs Yb:KGW oscillators," Opt. Express 22, 30425-30431 (2014)
Diode-pumped high-power sub-100 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:CaYAlO4 laser with 1.85 MW peak power (OE)
Powerful 67 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked prismless Yb:KGW oscillator (OE)
High peak power gigahertz Yb:CALGO laser (OE)
Ultrafast Optics
Diode pumped lasers
High power lasers
Mode locking
Saturable absorbers
Previously assigned OCIS codes
Lasers, diode-pumped (140.3480)
Lasers, solid-state (140.3580)
Mode-locked lasers (140.4050)
Ultrafast lasers (140.7090)
Original Manuscript: August 11, 2014
Revised Manuscript: October 8, 2014
Manuscript Accepted: October 9, 2014
2. Experimental setup
We report on the first demonstration, to the best of our knowledge, of sub-100 fs pulses directly from the diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:KGW bulk oscillators operated at a low repetition rate. The 36 MHz oscillator delivered 78 fs pulses with pulse energy of 50 nJ and peak power of 0.65 MW. The cavity was extended by inserting a 1:1 imaging telescope, allowing 85 fs pulses to be generated at a repetition rate of 18 MHz. The pulse energy up to 83 nJ was reached, corresponding to a peak power as high as 1 MW. Sub-100 fs regime was achieved by dual action of the Kerr-lens and saturable absorber (KLAS) mode locking.
© 2014 Optical Society of America
Over the past decade there has been significant effort devoted to the development of ultrashort pulse lasers with high peak powers [1]. Of particular interest there were laser oscillators that could deliver Megawatt peak powers with sub-100 fs pulses [2, 3]. While this regime was reached by Ti:Sapphire lasers almost two decades ago owing to their ability to produce sub-10 fs pulses [4], it remained very challenging for the crystalline Yb-ion based diode-pumped lasers because of their relatively narrow gain bandwidths. On the other hand, performance of a broadband gain medium like Yb:glass was limited by its poor thermal properties. This situation changed only very recently with the development of a broadband Yb:CALGO laser crystal with greatly improved thermal conductivity [5], which was used with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) mode locking to produce 94 fs pulses with 1.6 MW of peak power and 62 fs pulses with 1.1 MW from bulk [6] and thin-disk [7] oscillator configurations, respectively.
In this work we present an alternative approach to reach such peak power regime. It is based on dual action of Kerr-lens and saturable absorber (KLAS) mode locking which was implemented in an extended cavity bulk Yb:KGW laser and resulted in generation of 85 fs pulses with 1.0 MW of peak power. A combination of KLAS mode locking with a high gain commercially available Yb:KGW laser crystal enabled us to achieve this performance with more than 2 times lower pump power when compared to the previous reports [6, 7]. At the same time, to the best of our knowledge, this is also the first demonstration of sub-100 fs pulses directly from the extended cavity Yb-ion based oscillators.
The extended cavity oscillators offer straightforward approach towards the scaling of the peak power by lowering the repetition rate (typically below 30-40 MHz). This can be simply implemented by incorporating pure optical components such as intracavity Herriott cells and 1:1 imaging telescopes [8–11]. Nonetheless, the increased influence of the nonlinear effects usually results in a trade-off between the pulse duration and the peak power (or pulse energy). So far, pulses with 2.3 MW peak power (1 μJ energy) have been delivered from a 10 MHz Yb:KYW bulk oscillator [12]. The pulse duration, however, was limited to 430 fs. Similarly, pulses with 1.3 MW peak power and 323 fs duration were generated from a 23.7 MHz Yb:CALGO bulk oscillator [6]. On the other hand, short pulses with 145 fs duration but at a reduced peak power of 0.16 MW (24 nJ energy) were demonstrated directly from a 27 MHz Yb:CALGO bulk oscillator [13]. Recently we demonstrated 67 fs pulses with 3 W of average output power at a repetition rate of 77 MHz from an Yb:KGW bulk oscillator [14]. The enhanced performance of this laser resulted from the KLAS mode locking approach which combined the fast saturable absorber-like action of Kerr-lens mode locking (KLM) with the self-starting operation of a SESAM. Therefore, this laser system forms an excellent platform to explore its potential in scaling of the peak power through the pulse energy at lower repetition rates. We report on the generation of sub-100 fs pulses with MW peak power level directly from the long cavity Yb:KGW bulk oscillators operated at either 36 MHz or 18 MHz.
The experiments were carried out with a 1.5 at.%-doped Yb:KGW crystal slab (Eksma). The 5-mm-long and 1.2-mm-thick slab was antireflection coated and cut for beam propagation along the Ng-axis. The excitation was provided by a fiber-coupled laser diode with 100 µm fiber core and 0.22 NA, which offered an unpolarized pump mode with a maximum power of 30 W at 980 nm. The pump mode was launched into the crystal through a pair of achromatic doublets, forming a mode waist of 300 μm at the center of the crystal. The pump absorption of 50-60% was measured under non-lasing conditions and depended on the pump power level. The laser cavity setup is schematically depicted in Fig. 1. Three Gires–Tournois interferometer (GTI) mirrors (Layertec GmbH) with different negative group velocity dispersions (GVD) of −250 fs2, −550 fs2 and −1300 fs2 were combined, providing a variable round trip dispersion ranging from −3400 fs2 to −5200 fs2. All high reflection (HR) coated cavity mirrors were designed to exhibit low group velocity dispersion (GVD) at the laser wavelength (Laseroptik GmbH). A SESAM with 2% modulation depth and 70 μJ/cm2 fluence saturation was used to assist in the initiation of the mode locking. The SESAM was placed on a micrometer driven translation stage. Adjusting the distance between the SESAM and R3 mirror (see Fig. 1) allowed for continuous control of the cavity mode size inside the crystal.
Fig. 1 The schematic layout of a laser cavity operated at low repetition rates. AD1 and AD2 are the achromatic doublets with focal lengths of 50 mm and 150 mm, respectively. DM is the dichroic mirror coated for high transmission (>95%) at pump wavelength and high reflection (>99.9%) in the 1020-1200 nm region. R1, R2 and R3 are the concave mirrors with radii of curvature of 600 mm, 600 mm and 750 mm, respectively. GTI is the Gires-Tournois interferometer mirror. OC is the output coupler. The 4 m telescope was composed of two concave mirrors with radii of curvature of 2 m and a folding plane HR mirror.
To optimize the KLM as well as the spatial matching between the pump and cavity modes for efficient lasing, we estimated the strength of the thermal and Kerr lenses, which are the two main factors that influence the focusing of a cavity mode inside the crystal. The strength of the thermal lens was determined experimentally by measuring the beam size variation of the cavity mode away from the output coupler and then modeling it with the ABCD matrix analysis. Due to the anisotropic thermal properties of the Yb:KGW crystals, the thermal lens was estimated to be 10-15 diopters at the maximum pump power, depending on the measured directions (along the Nm-axis or Np-axis). The relatively large cavity mode size inside the Kerr medium resulted in a lowered strength of the Kerr lens, which can be estimated through the following equation [15]:
(1)D=4n2LcIpw2.
Using the following parameters: the nonlinear index of refraction n2 = 20 × 10−16 cm2/W [16], the crystal length Lc = 5 mm, the pulse peak intensity Ip = 15 GW/cm2, and the cavity mode size w = 150 μm, the strength of the Kerr lens was calculated to be 27 diopters. Since the Kerr lens is about twice stronger than the thermal lens, this illustrates that it is an important factor in consideration of the soft gain aperturing and mode matching.
The initially designed cavity (without intracavity telescopes) had a round-trip length of 8 m, leading to a repetition rate of 36 MHz. At low pump power levels, the cavity performed with degraded lasing efficiency because the pump power dependent thermal lensing was not strong enough to focus the cavity mode for efficient mode matching in the crystal. The mode locking was initiated by the SESAM and the Kerr lensing was optimized at the maximum pump power level, where the thermal lens was treated as a parasitic factor that exhibited a constant value. In the optimum KLAS mode locking regime, pulses with 78 fs duration (assuming a sech2 temporal shape) and 1.8 W of average output power were directly generated from the oscillator. The autocorrelation trace of the pulses was acquired using a commercial long range (200 ps) autocorrelator (Femtochrome, FR-103XL) and is shown in Fig. 2(a). To ensure single pulse mode-locked operation the longer time ranges were monitored with a fast oscilloscope with photodiode that had combined resolution of ~100 ps.
Fig. 2 The autocorrelation trace of the pulses obtained from the 36 MHz oscillator with fitting assuming a sech2 temporal profile (a) and the corresponding emission spectrum (b).
Considering the repetition rate of 36 MHz, the pulse energy of 50 nJ and peak power of 0.65 MW were obtained. The transmission of the output coupler was 10%, which indicated 0.5 μJ of intracavity pulse energy circulated in the oscillator. For optimizing the GVD at such an energy level, two GTI mirrors with −250 fs2 and −550 fs2 dispersions were placed for two bounces in each single trip, and an HR mirror with close to zero dispersion was placed instead of the third GTI mirror, allowing for a total round trip dispersion of −3200 fs2 to be compensated. The corresponding emission spectrum was centered at 1032 nm with a FWHM of 15 nm [Fig. 2(b)], yielding a time-bandwidth product of 0.32. The laser's output radiation was polarized along the Nm-axis.
The laser optimized for the KLAS mode locking could be operated at higher intracavity pulse energy levels at the cost of pulse duration as more GVD was introduced. Figure 3 shows the output power and the pulse duration at different compensated GVD levels. It should be noted that all of these results were obtained at the highest pump power of 30 W. As the round trip negative dispersion of 5200 fs2 was added into the cavity, we obtained pulses with an average output power of 2.2 W, which corresponds to a pulse energy of 60 nJ. The pulse duration at this level of energy was 100 fs, resulting in a slightly reduced peak power of 0.61 MW.
Fig. 3 Pulse duration and average output power obtained from the 36 MHz oscillator as a function of the compensated negative dispersion.
In order to understand the effect of Kerr lensing on stabilization of the single-pulsed mode locking, we studied the mode locking regimes with different cavity mode sizes inside the gain medium by translating the SESAM. As the distance between the SESAM and the concave mirror R3 was increased, the cavity mode size inside the crystal was decreased, allowing for a better spatial mode matching and therefore increased output power. From the point of view of self-amplitude modulation (SAM), however, the decrease of the cavity mode size reduced its gain aperturing effect, therefore resulting in lower effective modulation depth. As a consequence, the laser started suffering from the multiple-pulse instability. At the same time, the spectral bandwidth experienced a significant narrowing. For example, as the SESAM was translated around 4 mm away from the optimum position for Kerr lensing, the double-pulsed mode locking regime was observed. The output power increased to 2.5 W (which corresponds to 70 nJ of pulse energy), and the emission spectrum was narrowed to 13 nm. Further translation of the SESAM (about 4 mm) led to the increase of the output power to 3.3 W (91 nJ of pulse energy). In this case the laser operated in multiple-pulse regime with 7 nm of spectral bandwidth. At this point, the mode locking was believed to be purely dominated by the SESAM, since the cavity mode size was very close to the pump mode size when 10 diopters of thermal lensing was taken into account. As the pump power was decreased, single pulses could be generated without broadening of the spectrum. Similar to our previous work [14], no pure KLM was achieved when the SESAM was replaced with an HR mirror. This supports the fact that in our case mode locking in the sub-100 fs regime was achieved and sustained only by the dual action of the SESAM and the KLM which we described earlier as KLAS mode locking. We believe that in our previous work [14] KLAS was also the main mode locking mechanism.
In order to reduce the repetition rate, a 4 m long 1:1 imaging telescope was inserted into the cavity. As a result the cavity was lengthened to 16 m, which allowed generation of a pulse train at a repetition rate of 18 MHz. Since more mirrors were added, the optimized value of negative dispersion was increased to 3700 fs2. At the maximum pump power, the oscillator optimized for KLAS mode locking generated 80 fs pulses at an average output power of 1 W. The corresponding pulse energy was 55 nJ and the intracavity pulse energy was 0.55 μJ, which was close to the one obtained with the 36 MHz oscillator. To extract more energy from the cavity, we used an output coupler with higher transmission of 15%. The average output power and the pulse energy were enhanced to 1.5 W and 83 nJ, respectively. The obtained pulses showed a slightly longer duration of 85 fs [Fig. 4(a)]. The 14 nm of spectral bandwidth (see Fig. 4) resulted in almost transform-limited time-bandwidth product of 0.33. At this point, the corresponding peak power as high as 1 MW was reached. The output beam shape was circular with beam quality factor M2 measured to be better than 1.1 in both directions.
Fig. 4 (a) The autocorrelation trace of the pulses obtained from the 18 MHz oscillator with 15% output coupling. The trace is fitted assuming a sech2 temporal profile. (b) The corresponding emission spectrum.
As a comparison, we summarized the previously reported laser performance from the extended-cavity Yb-ion bulk laser oscillators in Fig. 5 [6, 10–13, 17–25]. These laser oscillators were usually operated at repetition rates ranging from 10 MHz to 40 MHz. However, pulses with sub-100 fs duration have never been delivered directly from the oscillator. The Yb:CALGO crystals with broad spectral bandwidth seem quite promising to reach this goal, allowing the generation of pulses with 145 fs duration directly from the oscillator and 93 fs duration after external compression [13]. Nonetheless, such short pulse duration was obtained at the cost of much lower pulse energy and peak power, which were limited to 17 nJ and 180 kW. In this work, sub-100 fs pulses were generated directly from the oscillator. Moreover, the peak power increased by more than 5 times.
Fig. 5 Previous reported laser performance of the extended cavity bulk and thin-disk oscillators. (a) The pulse duration vs. the repetition rate. (b) The peak power vs. the pulse duration. The solid symbols represent the bulk oscillators and the hollow symbols represent the thin-disk oscillators.
Another comparison can be made with the thin-disk oscillators which, in many cases, were operated at similar repetition rates with high peak powers. In most cases, however, the pulses delivered from such lasers suffered from the long duration of >200 fs. Moreover, despite the higher peak power that can be reached from the thin-disk oscillators, much higher pump power is needed. For example, producing 1 MW of peak power required only 30 W of pump power in the extended cavity Yb:KGW bulk oscillator presented in this work, whereas about 140 W of pump power was needed for a Yb:KLuW thin-disk oscillator [20].
Considering only sub-100 fs regime with Megawatt peak powers (regardless of the repetition rate), recently Yb:CALGO bulk and thin-disk oscillators generated 94 fs pulses with 1.6 MW of peak power [6] and 62 fs pulses with 1.1 MW [7], respectively. The former oscillator required >62 W and the later >71 W of pump. As can be seen, our approach allows us to reach similar operating regime with more than twice lower amount of pump power which can be explained in part by the high gain of the used Yb:KGW crystal. In this case it also can be instructive to define a simple figure of merit, peak-to-pump power efficiency, which shows how many kWs of peak power can be generated per each Watt of the used pump power and therefore has the units of kW/W. This figure of merit is more universal than the optical-to-optical efficiency because it also takes into account the duration of the generated pulses. The Yb:CALGO bulk [6] and thin-disk [7] oscillators have 26.4 kW/W and 15.3 kW/W peak-to-pump power efficiencies, respectively, as compared to the higher efficiency of 33.3 kW/W obtained in this work. Taking into account low pump absorption in the used Yb:KGW crystal, the use of polarized pump in our case can improve the peak-to-pump power efficiency even further.
We believe that optimization of the pulse duration and power scaling of the broadband Yb-ion based oscillators can result in multi-MW peak power laser systems in the sub-100 fs regime. An alternative approach to reach such performance could be chirped pulse mode locking which was already successfully implemented with Ti:sapphire lasers [26].
In conclusion, we have demonstrated the generation of high peak power sub-100 fs pulses from the extended cavity Yb:KGW bulk oscillators. Pulses with 78 fs duration and 0.65 MW peak power were delivered at a repetition rate of 36 MHz. At a lower repetition rate of 18 MHz, 85 fs pulses with peak power as high as 1 MW were generated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of sub-100 fs pulses from the extended cavity Yb-ion based oscillators.
This research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Western Economic Diversification Canada and the University of Manitoba.
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26. S. Naumov, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, P. Dombi, F. Krausz, and A. Apolonski, "Approaching the microjoule frontier with femtosecond laser oscillators," New J. Phys. 7, 216 (2005). [CrossRef]
W. Sibbett, A. A. Lagatsky, and C. T. A. Brown, "The development and application of femtosecond laser systems," Opt. Express 20(7), 6989–7001 (2012).
T. Südmeyer, S. V. Marchese, S. Hashimoto, C. R. E. Baer, G. Gingras, B. Witzel, and U. Keller, "Femtosecond laser oscillators for high-field science," Nat. Photonics 2(10), 599–604 (2008).
T. Südmeyer, C. Kränkel, C. R. E. Baer, O. H. Heckl, C. J. Saraceno, M. Golling, R. Peters, K. Petermann, G. Huber, and U. Keller, "High-power ultrafast thin disk laser oscillators and their potential for sub-100-femtosecond pulse operation," Appl. Phys. B 97(2), 281–295 (2009).
L. Xu, G. Tempea, A. Poppe, M. Lenzner, Ch. Spielmann, F. Krausz, A. Stingl, and K. Ferencz, "High-power sub-10-fs Ti:sapphire oscillators," Appl. Phys. B 65(2), 151–159 (1997).
J. Petit, P. Goldner, and B. Viana, "Laser emission with low quantum defect in Yb: CaGdAlO4.," Opt. Lett. 30(11), 1345–1347 (2005).
A. Greborio, A. Guandalini, and J. Aus der Au, "Sub-100 fs pulses with 12.5 W from Yb:CALGO based oscillators," Solid State Lasers XXI: Technology and Devices, in SPIE Photonics West 2012, paper 8235–11.
A. Diebold, F. Emaury, C. Schriber, M. Golling, C. J. Saraceno, T. Südmeyer, and U. Keller, "SESAM mode-locked Yb:CaGdAlO4 thin disk laser with 62 fs pulse generation," Opt. Lett. 38(19), 3842–3845 (2013).
R. Herriott, H. Kogelnik, and R. Kompfner, "Off-axis paths in spherical mirror interferometers," Appl. Opt. 3(4), 523–526 (1964).
A. Sennaroglu and J. G. Fujimoto, "Design criteria for Herriott-type multi-pass cavities for ultrashort pulse lasers," Opt. Express 11(9), 1106–1113 (2003).
A. Major, V. Barzda, P. A. E. Piunno, S. Musikhin, and U. J. Krull, "An extended cavity diode-pumped femtosecond Yb:KGW laser for applications in optical DNA sensor technology based on fluorescence lifetime measurements," Opt. Express 14(12), 5285–5294 (2006).
A. Major, R. Cisek, D. Sandkuijl, and V. Barzda, "Femtosecond Yb:KGd(WO4)2 laser with >100 nJ of pulse energy," Laser Phys. Lett. 6(4), 272–274 (2009).
E. P. Mottay and C. Hönninger, "MicroJoule level diode-pumped femtosecond oscillator," Commercial and biomedical applications of ultrafast lasers VII, Proc. SPIE 6460, San Jose, USA, 64600I (2007).
D. N. Papadopoulos, F. Druon, J. Boudeile, I. Martial, M. Hanna, P. Georges, P. O. Petit, P. Goldner, and B. Viana, "Low-repetition-rate femtosecond operation in extended-cavity mode-locked Yb:CALGO laser," Opt. Lett. 34(2), 196–198 (2009).
H. Zhao and A. Major, "Powerful 67 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked prismless Yb:KGW oscillator," Opt. Express 21(26), 31846–31851 (2013).
K. X. Liu, C. J. Flood, D. R. Walker, and H. M. van Driel, "Kerr lens mode locking of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser," Opt. Lett. 17(19), 1361–1363 (1992).
A. Major, I. Nikolakakos, J. S. Aitchison, A. I. Ferguson, N. Langford, and P. W. E. Smith, "Characterization of the nonlinear refractive index of the laser crystal Yb:KGd(WO4)2," Appl. Phys. B 77(4), 433–436 (2003).
C. Hoenninger, A. Courjaud, P. Rigail, E. Mottay, M. Delaigue, N. Dguil-Robin, J. Limpert, I. Manek-Hoenninger, and F. Salin, "0.5µJ diode pumped femtosecond laser oscillator at 9 MHz," in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, Vienna 2008, ME2.
K. E. Sheetz, E. E. Hoover, R. Carriles, D. Kleinfeld, and J. A. Squier, "Advancing multifocal nonlinear microscopy: development and application of a novel multibeam Yb:KGd(WO4)2 oscillator," Opt. Express 16(22), 17574–17584 (2008).
F. Hoos, S. Pricking, and H. Giessen, "Compact portable 20 MHz solid-state femtosecond whitelight-laser," Opt. Express 14(22), 10913–10920 (2006).
G. Palmer, M. Schultze, M. Siegel, M. Emons, U. Bünting, and U. Morgner, "Passively mode-locked Yb:KLu(WO4)2 thin-disk oscillator operated in the positive and negative dispersion regime," Opt. Lett. 33(14), 1608–1610 (2008).
F. Brunner, T. Südmeyer, E. Innerhofer, F. Morier-Genoud, R. Paschotta, V. E. Kisel, V. G. Shcherbitsky, N. V. Kuleshov, J. Gao, K. Contag, A. Giesen, and U. Keller, "240-fs pulses with 22-W average power from a mode-locked thin-disk Yb:KY(WO4)2 laser," Opt. Lett. 27(13), 1162–1164 (2002).
K. S. Wentsch, L. Zheng, J. Xu, M. A. Ahmed, and T. Graf, "Passively mode-locked Yb3+:ScSiO5 thin-disk laser," Opt. Lett. 37(22), 4750–4752 (2012).
O. H. Heckl, C. Kränkel, C. R. E. Baer, C. J. Saraceno, T. Südmeyer, K. Petermann, G. Huber, and U. Keller, "Continuous-wave and modelocked Yb:YCOB thin disk laser: first demonstration and future prospects," Opt. Express 18(18), 19201–19208 (2010).
O. Pronin, J. Brons, C. Grasse, V. Pervak, G. Boehm, M.-C. Amann, V. L. Kalashnikov, A. Apolonski, and F. Krausz, "High-power 200 fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator," Opt. Lett. 36(24), 4746–4748 (2011).
S. Ricaud, A. Jaffres, K. Wentsch, A. Suganuma, B. Viana, P. Loiseau, B. Weichelt, M. Abdou-Ahmed, A. Voss, T. Graf, D. Rytz, C. Hönninger, E. Mottay, P. Georges, and F. Druon, "Femtosecond Yb:CaGdAlO4 thin-disk oscillator," Opt. Lett. 37(19), 3984–3986 (2012).
S. Naumov, A. Fernandez, R. Graf, P. Dombi, F. Krausz, and A. Apolonski, "Approaching the microjoule frontier with femtosecond laser oscillators," New J. Phys. 7, 216 (2005).
Abdou-Ahmed, M.
Ahmed, M. A.
Aitchison, J. S.
Amann, M.-C.
Apolonski, A.
Baer, C. R. E.
Barzda, V.
Boehm, G.
Boudeile, J.
Brons, J.
Brown, C. T. A.
Brunner, F.
Bünting, U.
Carriles, R.
Cisek, R.
Contag, K.
Diebold, A.
Dombi, P.
Druon, F.
Emaury, F.
Emons, M.
Ferencz, K.
Ferguson, A. I.
Fernandez, A.
Flood, C. J.
Fujimoto, J. G.
Gao, J.
Georges, P.
Giesen, A.
Gingras, G.
Goldner, P.
Golling, M.
Graf, R.
Graf, T.
Grasse, C.
Hanna, M.
Hashimoto, S.
Heckl, O. H.
Herriott, R.
Hönninger, C.
Hoos, F.
Hoover, E. E.
Huber, G.
Innerhofer, E.
Jaffres, A.
Kalashnikov, V. L.
Keller, U.
Kisel, V. E.
Kleinfeld, D.
Kogelnik, H.
Kompfner, R.
Kränkel, C.
Krausz, F.
Kuleshov, N. V.
Lagatsky, A. A.
Langford, N.
Lenzner, M.
Liu, K. X.
Loiseau, P.
Major, A.
Marchese, S. V.
Martial, I.
Morgner, U.
Morier-Genoud, F.
Mottay, E.
Musikhin, S.
Naumov, S.
Nikolakakos, I.
Palmer, G.
Papadopoulos, D. N.
Paschotta, R.
Pervak, V.
Petermann, K.
Peters, R.
Petit, J.
Petit, P. O.
Piunno, P. A. E.
Poppe, A.
Pricking, S.
Pronin, O.
Ricaud, S.
Rytz, D.
Sandkuijl, D.
Saraceno, C. J.
Schriber, C.
Schultze, M.
Sennaroglu, A.
Shcherbitsky, V. G.
Sheetz, K. E.
Sibbett, W.
Siegel, M.
Smith, P. W. E.
Spielmann, Ch.
Squier, J. A.
Stingl, A.
Südmeyer, T.
Suganuma, A.
Tempea, G.
van Driel, H. M.
Viana, B.
Voss, A.
Walker, D. R.
Weichelt, B.
Wentsch, K.
Wentsch, K. S.
Witzel, B.
Xu, J.
Xu, L.
Zhao, H.
Zheng, L.
Appl. Opt. (1)
Appl. Phys. B (3)
Laser Phys. Lett. (1)
New J. Phys. (1)
Opt. Lett. (9)
(1) D= 4 n 2 L c I p w 2 .


text:
TV & Streaming Series
Actor, Producer, Director
Mimi O'Donnell (1999–2013)
List Of Awards And Nominations
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Philip Seymour Hoffman - Biography Summary
Philip Seymour Hoffman (July 23, 1967 – February 2, 2014) was an American actor, director, and producer. Best known for his distinctive supporting and character roles – typically lowlifes, eccentrics, bullies, and misfits – Hoffman acted in many films from the early 1990s until his death in 2014.
Drawn to theater as a teenager, Hoffman studied acting at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. He began his screen career in a 1991 episode of Law & Order and started to appear in films in 1992. He gained recognition for his supporting work, notably in Boogie Nights (1997), Happiness (1998), Patch Adams (1998), The Big Lebowski (1998), Magnolia (1999), The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), Almost Famous (2000), Punch-Drunk Love (2002), and Along Came Polly (2004). He began to occasionally play leading roles, and for his portrayal of the author Truman Capote in Capote (2005), won multiple accolades, including the Academy Award for Best Actor. Hoffman's profile continued to grow, and he received three more Oscar nominations for his supporting work as a brutally frank CIA officer in Charlie Wilson's War (2007), a priest accused of pedophilia in Doubt (2008), and the charismatic leader of a Scientology-type movement in The Master (2012).
While he mainly worked in independent films, including The Savages (2007) and Synecdoche, New York (2008), Hoffman also appeared in Hollywood blockbusters, such as Twister (1996) and Mission: Impossible III (2006), and in one of his final roles, as Plutarch Heavensbee in the Hunger Games series (2013–15). The feature Jack Goes Boating (2010) marked his debut as a filmmaker. Hoffman was also an accomplished theater actor and director. He joined the off-Broadway LAByrinth Theater Company in 1995, where he directed, produced, and appeared in numerous stage productions. His performances in three Broadway plays – True West in 2000, Long Day's Journey into Night in 2003, and Death of a Salesman in 2012 – all led to Tony Award nominations.
Hoffman struggled with drug addiction as a young adult, and relapsed in 2013 after many years of abstinence. In February 2014, he died of CDI. Remembered for his fearlessness in playing reprehensible characters, and for bringing depth and humanity to such roles, Hoffman was described in his New York Times obituary as "perhaps the most ambitious and widely admired American actor of his generation".
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Fernweh is a Fort Collins hostel providing inexpensive nights stay, while striving to give guests more than they would typically expect from a hostel.
Retreat to Mountain Lodge Telluride for luxury ski-in/out cabins and condos, high-style bar and grill, and rustic event spaces with impressive alpine views.
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Knowledge of font types will not only will it help you decide complimentary type pairs, it will also help you to clearly explain design decisions and rationale to your clients.
Serif fonts are amongst the most popular forms of type and also the most traditional. A serif is a small line attached to the end of a stroke in a letter or symbol. These small lines can vary in length and weight and can be straight or angled. A typeface containing serifs is classed as a serif typeface. Some sources also refer to serif typefaces as "Roman", for example, "Times New Roman".
The serif style is most famously used for typesetting within print such as newspapers and books. It is most suitable for body text and large display text.
The Times makes compelling use of serif fonts within web and print.
Historically, web and motion designers steered clear from serif fonts due to their clarity on screen, for instance, before the days of smartphones, tablets and HDMI, most computer and television screens ran at a relatively low resolution of 72 dots per inch, meaning that small serifs were unclear and impaired legibility. This is less often the case now as most smart devices and have a resolution of 220dpi and above.
When using serif fonts, try to limit your design to no more than 2 typefaces to avoid looking haphazard.
Sans is a French word which translates to "without".
As the etymology suggests, sans serif typefaces lack any embellishment on the letters, adopting a more simplified form. Sans serif letters can be thick or thin, short or tall, wide or condensed. The best sans serif fonts have sets at least 6 - 8 different weights, ranging from Ultralight (the thinnest) to Black (the thickest).
The Healthy Back Bag use sans serif fonts at multiple weights to place emphasis on key information. When using Ultralight or Thin fonts in print ensure they are at a reasonable point size. If they are too small they can often experience print issues affecting legibility. Credit: Design by March.
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Their ease of legibility resulted in most road and transport signage being changed to sans serif. Motorists have just a few moments to read and recognise signs –– for this reason, they are generally in Title Case sans, for instance, in the UK the standard font is Transport while the New York metro system was famously converted to Helvetica.
Serif fonts can be paired with sans serif fonts to harmonise and compliment your design. When used in a well-considered manner the combination can result in striking visuals.
Jewellery designer Julia Lloyd George blends Freight Display Pro with Lato to evoke a luxurious, classical design.


Q: I am a single parent about to start dating again. When is it appropriate for my date(s) to meet my kids?
A: Good for you for getting back out to date! But I think you need to keep dating and parenting separate. I don't think it's ever appropriate to introduce your kids to a date. Only when a date becomes an exclusive relationship with serious long-term potential is it even necessary to involve your kids. Your kids are learning what relationships are about from you. And depending on how young they are, they get attached to people easily. If you introduce someone before you even really know them, you set your kids up for potential heartbreak. If the relationship doesn't work out and your date stops coming around, your kids may feel abandoned. And if that happens often you'll teach your kids not to trust. When you do get serious about someone, how they interact with your kids will be an important part of your relationship. Kids can be a good judge of character. But it's not your kids job to help you decide who might be right for you. It's your job to protect them from getting hurt. So before you introduce them to anyone ask them how they would feel about it. Assure them that you will always love them and be there for them. And ask your partner what he or she sees for your future. Make sure they are planning to stick around before you bring them into your kids life.
Also, while you're out dating you need to see yourself as a single man or woman, not a single parent. Of course your kids are an important part of your life, and you should be honest and open about them with any potential partner. But who are you outside of being a parent? Single parents are usually better parents when they can get a break and take some time for themselves. Dating is a perfect way to put some positive attention on you. Have fun and discover some new things about yourself—that have nothing to do with being a parent.
Healthy & Unhealthy Boundaries in Relationships: Where do you fit in?


We created WellCare | TexanPlus Champions to recognize the exceptional achievements of people in Southeast Texas!
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The competition is open to the general public residing in one of the following counties: Austin, Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Hardin, Harris, Jefferson, Liberty, Montgomery, Orange, and Waller.
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Saturday morning was the first time EVER that Sarah slept in her crib for a nap! Yes, for almost 19 months this child has never slept in her own room or crib for that matter. As a baby she napped in her swing or her little carry seat, but at night she would not sleep anywhere but with us.....you got it....for almost 19 months we have had her with us and it is really starting to wear on us! She is getting bigger and she is so restless....none of us sleep well! I am hoping we are on the path to getting her in her crib once and for all!
I never had this problem with Nick, he slept in his crib pretty much from the day we came home from the hospital.....Sarah is a different story! Not only will she not sleep in her crib, one of us has to be with her to get her down, so if we have company, she will not go to bed until we go up with her and get her settled. This weekend we had neighbors over for cocktails on the deck and she made it until 11pm. Saturday we were on the go most of the day and did not come back until 10pm. Sunday we had our Father's Day celebration and the last of our company left around 10:30pm, so she did not go to bed until 11pm. We are down to one nap a day and I cannot believe that she does not collapse of exhaustion! You would think she would be miserable and cranky, but it does not seem to phase her at all.
I know that everyone always says, never put your children in bed with you, they will never sleep in their own rooms. Well yes they are right, but how are we going to break the pattern? I keep telling Pat that we will get her in her room when she has a sister to sleep with her instead of us!
Sarah in her prime! This is how happy she is even with minimal sleep.....I wish I looked this good after a late night!
Uncle Mike came for a visit on Father's Day! Mike is Pat's twin brother(fraternal twin) and even though we do not see him often, Sarah is very attached to him! Every time he left her sight she would call him.....it was so cute....I think Uncle Mike is just as smitten!
Uncle Mike brought the girls with him.....Mona and Lola......the wiener dogs, as Nick calls them! As you can see, Nick is still wearing the new Notre Dame hat.....I think the only time he has taken it off since Wednesday, is to shower and to go to bed!
Nick has a new girlfriend! Mona took a special liking to Nick and would not leave his side.....every time Nick would get on the floor with her, she would give him kisses!
Beautiiful Photo of your sweetheart. So peaceful and wonderful that she was sleeping so happily in her crib.
Such sweet pictures. Here's hoping that she will continue sleeping in her crib:) She looks so sweet in there! Looks like a fun Father's Day weekend! Have a nice week!
Sarah does look so sweet sleeping in her crib! I hope she loves her crib soon. We have problems going from the crib to a big bed. When we moved Carson to a big bed, we seriously looked like an episode off Super Nanny. I think we took him back to his bed 30 times in one night!
Sarah looks so cute with her Uncle. I bet she has him wrapped around her little finger.
Way to go Sarah! She looks so peacful.
I'm loving the sweet little pony tails too.
Thanks for your prayer support,yes we are going threw alot but prayer is totally keeping us covered.
Thanks for checking in on me! I've had zero blogging time today because I've been so busy working on adoption paperwork. Exciting!!


It's important that we disinfect our homes. Floors, in fact, are one of the dirtiest areas of the house and it's the quickest to get dirty. To clean your floor you would need a mop and a bucket of water. When you use bleach, cleansers or other types of chemicals, this may cause a long-term effect on the surface of your floors and it's not a good idea.
Chemicals are also harmful to humans, animals and also to the environment. A steam mop is a great choice as you don't need chemicals as you'd be utilizing the power of steam in cleaning out the dirt and in disinfecting your floor.
How it works is by heating the water and turning it into steam that jets through the mop and removes the grimes and dirt and kills mites and germs. You put water into its reservoir and the mop will heat it up to 220 degrees Fahrenheit. Steam from the mop will not cause any damage to your floors. There are some floor surfaces though that would need several steam jets and layers of the microfiber pads. The microfiber pads absorb the dirt out of the floor.
If your floor is too dirty or muddy, you would need to use a regular mop first to get rid of the excess dirt and liquid before you start cleaning it with a steam mop that's left there. The best carpet steam cleaner won't have a hard time getting rid of those residues, germs and bacteria. Don't forget to wash those pads when they get too dirty and dry them up before putting them back on your steam mop. This is why you would best have several pads especially if you're cleaning a big space.
The steam mops are great and can clean even those stains that cleansers have a hard time removing especially on sensitive floor types and on carpets. They don't leave any residue thus your wood floors or tiles won't lose its shine. But make sure you'd be careful while using this mop to avoid burning yourself. If it's your first time to use one, make sure you follow the instructions properly and understand how it works to avoid accidents. Avoid getting your feet under the mop as the steam can quickly burn your skin.
Truck mounted carpet cleaning equipment is many things, but above all it's theft-proof. That's the main reason why people permanently mount them to their service vehicles. It ensures that no one makes off with the expensive equipment.
It isn't hard to understand that mounting your carpet equipment to your vehicle and running the proper extensions into a household is the safest way to go about a carpet cleaning business. Less theft means less company loss, and that translates into bigger profits.
Once you find the right truck mounted carpet cleaning equipment, you can have the service vehicle come to your location and the work can begin. You don't have to worry about bulky equipment getting in the way of your carpet or tile cleaning procedures because they're mounted to the truck. All the hoses and head attachments are run inside to the home, allowing you full access to the tile, hardwood, or carpet.
Truck mounted carpet cleaning equipment can clean hard to remove stains and make a carpet look like new again. They can also make sure that tile stays as fresh as the day you bought it. Together with a sealant coating, you can have superb looking tile flooring that everyone can admire. The temperature of a steam cleaning machine can go from 0-100 degrees in just a short time period, providing more than enough heat to remove ground in dirt and debris.
These days, truck mounted carpet cleaning equipment is being made with fewer parts. This means less things to get in the way of your cleaning experience.
With a truck mounted carpet cleaning system, you don't have to worry about the outdoor weather. They come with a steel frame that protects the equipment from the elements. The carpet cleaning equipment – take a look here as well : www.carpet-cleaning-equipment.net/truck_mounts.shtml – is made to be durably constructed and give you years of trouble free service. It's also surprisingly affordable to have your carpets cleaned or your tile revamped.
Many carpet cleaning service companies have already made the switch to truck mounted carpet cleaning equipment because it makes the most sense for the world we live in. Overall, you can save the life of your carpet and extend its usage for many years by scheduling regular carpet cleanings. The same goes for tile. The life of your tile flooring depends on giving it the cleanings it needs to stay free of permanent stains.


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The Chronicles of Brother Cadfael
Submitted by wolfhawke on Fri, 11/27/2015 - 09:22
New York: Mysterious Press.
Chronological Order: A Rare Benedictine (New York: Mysterious Press, 1991), A Morbid Taste For Bones (New York: Mysterious Press, 1994), One Corpse Too Many (New York: Mysterious Press, 1994), Monks-Hood (New York: Mysterious Press, 1992), Saint Peter's Fair (New York: Mysterious Press, 1992), The Leper of Saint Giles (New York: Mysterious Press, 1995), The Virgin in the Ice (New York: Mysterious Press, 1995), The Sanctuary Sparrow (New York: Mysterious Press, 1995), The Devil's Novice (New York: Mysterious Press, 1997), Dead Man's Ransom (New York: Mysterious Press, 1997), The Pilgrim of Hate (New York: Mysterious Press, 1997), An Excellent Mystery (New York: Mysterious Press, 1997), The Raven in the Foregate (New York: Mysterious Press, 1997), The Rose Rent (New York: Mysterious Press, 1997), The Hermit of Eyton Forest (New York: Mysterious Press, 1989), The Confession of Brother Haluin (New York: Mysterious Press, 1989), The Heretic's Apprentice (New York: Mysterious Press, 1991), The Potter's Field (New York: Mysterious Press, 1991), The Summer of the Danes (New York: Mysterious Press, 1992), The Holy Thief (New York: Mysterious Press, 1994), Brother Cadfael's Penance (New York: Mysterious Press, 1996). Note: All editions listed here are reprints.
Ellis Peters (a pseudonym for Edith Pargeter) tells the story of Cadfael, a Benedictine monk of Welsh extraction who is the herbalist of Shrewsbury Abbey of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Shropsure during the turbulent years of the war between King Stephen and the Empress Maud. The masterfully written twenty chronicles, which properly begin with A Morbid Taste For Bones, pit the wily former crusader against various mysteries, mostly involving murder. Cadfael solves these mysteries with a mixture of cunning and common sense and usually (though not always) the culprit is caught and brought to justice.
Being a history buff, I find the Chronicles of Brother Cadfael to be a magnificent series from the fact that Ellis Peters lets history be what it is. She tries not to be revisionist in her novels, but simply describes culture, thought processes, class consciousness, faith and religion as they would have been in that time. She does seem to have something against hypocrites or against people who do not recognize the weakness of the human being, though, but still pokes at the holier-than-thou crowd very gently to the point that even her most abrasive, self-righteous characters are enjoyable and even somewhat likable.
I love these books both for their magnificent characters, such as Cadfael, Hugh and Aline Beringar, Abbot Radulfus, Sister Magdalen, and Brother Mark, as well as the philosophy and faith that Peters evidences. Being an Evangelical, I am sometimes just a bit miffed about the Roman Catholic emphasis on praying to saints, the attributing of God's miracles to saints, and such things, but I remind myself that this was part of the culture then and that even so God ends up getting the glory more often than not. One of Cadfael's favorite lines is, "God has the right to expect some help from fallible men now and again." And in general I agree.
For those who worry that such Mediaeval stories would suffer for the lack of strong women because male and female roles were more strictly defined than they are today, I would suggest reading any of the chronicles where Sister Magdalen or Aline Beringar show up or The Rose Rent with the masterful Judith Vestier. The women here are not pushovers and more frequently than not they are the ones making the plays and at times even Brother Cadfael finds himself at a loss from the wiles of women. Not only does he respect them, he knows that there are times when he must put things into their hands to see them done, because he is unable to do so.
The only complaint I have against the series is how the books are pretty repetitive with someone being accused of murder who couldn't possibly be at fault for it and Brother Cadfael doing everything he can to find the true murderer and clear the suspect. This gets old after about the fourth book in the series, but fortunately the side characters and the romances that pepper the novels here and there make up for the repetitiveness.
The first-time reader should start the series from the beginning with Cadfael's turning from the Crusade to the cloister in A Rare Benedictine, and then continue on with A Morbid Taste for Bones in order to Brother Cadfael's Penance. Because each book builds on the previous one, you'll find that it is to your benefit to read the entire series in order at least once.
With so many books in the series, the reader will naturally pick his or her favorites. Mine are as follows:
The Pilgrim of Hate, for its magnificent insights into the nature suffering, the fact that it can be transcended, and that God rewards those who suffer patiently in the most amazing of ways.
An Excellent Mystery, for an unusual marriage and the affirmation of what it truly means to be married and that this goes far beyond a mere living together and procreating.
The Rose Rent, for its beautiful love story and the fact that it is the good, upright man who triumphs at the end.
The Confession of Brother Haluin, for its careful treatment of forgiveness and its results in the life of one man.
Brother Cadfael's Penance, because of Cadfael's selfless and self-sacrificing quest to save his son.


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TODAY.AZ / World news
Poland sees potential for deepening co-op with Georgia – ministry
The statistics of the trade turnover between Georgia and Poland in 2021 give reason to believe that the economic relationships between the countries are recovering, with a prospect of deepening the cooperation, the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology of Poland told Trend.
The trade turnover decrease between Georgia and Poland in 2019 had to do with the decrease in Polish exports to Georgia (23 percent down year-on-year), which totaled $123.3 million. The decrease resulted mainly from the decline in interest in products of the electro-mechanical industry, the source noted.
However, Georgia's exports to Poland in 2020 reached $35.2 million, which is an increase of 30 percent, compared to 2019, with a large increase in light industry products exports, the ministry added.
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the trade turnover between Georgia and Poland (15-percent year-on-year decrease in 2020), the turnover over the first 10 months of 2021 increased by 22.3 percent ($155.7 million), with an increase in exports and imports, the source said.
"Polish exports to Georgia over first 10 months of 2021 increased by 23.6 percent, compared to the same period in 2020, and amounted to $121.8 million, while the imports from Georgia – by 17.8 percent to $33.9 million. The most important products exported from Poland to Georgia are: medicines, road tractors, sugar, perfumes, body cosmetics, coke, while imports from Georgia were dominated by wines, and to a lesser extent we imported clothing, hazelnuts, aluminum waste and scrap metal," the ministry said.
"The easing of COVID-19 restrictions also had an impact on the increase in the number of Georgian workers in Poland. Over 54,000 declarations on entrusting the performance of work to a citizen of Georgia were submitted to labor offices in Poland in the first 6 months of 2021. This is definitely more than for the whole 2020. This brings benefits to both the Polish economy and Georgian workers," the source noted.
URL: http://www.today.az/news/regions/214256.html
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Celtic have drawn NK Maribor of Slovenia in the play-off round of the Champions League qualifiers.
The Scottish side were reinstated to the competition after Legia Warsaw were found to have fielded an ineligible player in the third round qualifier.
Legia won the tie 6-1 on aggregate after a 4-1 win in Poland and a 2-0 victory at Murrayfield.
But the Scots were awarded a 3-0 second leg 'walkover' win due to Bartosz Bereszynski playing while suspended.
That took Ronny Deila's side through on away goals, with Legia now entering the Europa League play-off round where they will face Aktobe of Kazakhstan.
"It is a tough decision and I really feel sorry for Legia but we have to go into the game and prepare for Maribor," said Deila.
"The players want to play in the Champions League. It looks like we have been given another chance and I think it will be no problem to get the players up for the game."
Celtic will travel to Slovenia for the first leg against Maribor on 19 or 20 August with the return in Scotland on 26 or 27 August.
The Slovenian champions, who are managed by Ante Simundza, beat HSK Zrinjski of Croatia 2-0 on aggregate in their Champions League second round qualifier.
They then dumped Maccabi Tel-Aviv 3-2 over two legs to secure a spot in the play-off round.
However, part of Maribor's stadium will be closed when they host Celtic.
This sanction was imposed by Uefa after they found some of their supporters were guilty of "racist behaviour" during the tie with Zrinjski.
If Celtic make it past the Slovenians it will be their third straight year in the Champions League group stages.
Last term they finished bottom of a group containing Barcelona, AC Milan and Ajax.


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IDF tank near Gaza
IDF forces prepare for Gaza incursion
Dozens of tanks, artillery battery positioned just north of Gaza to reinforce infantry, engineering corps forces already inside Strip ahead of possible large-scale ground operation. PM returns from Japan, updated on Grad, Qassam rocket attacks on Ashkelon
Hanan Greenberg|Published: 02.29.08 , 08:14
Over the past few days the IDF has positioned an artillery battery near Kibbutz Beeri, located about three kilometers (1.8 miles) from the Gaza border, and dozens of tanks have made their way to an assembling area just north of the Strip.
'Color Red' in Ashkelon
Grad lands near Ashkelon school
Shmulik Hadad
(Video) Girl lightly wounded in latest rocket barrage; Defense Minister Barak orders 'Color Red' alert to be employed in southern town of Ashkelon as well. More than 30 rockets fired at southern communities Thursday
The last time an artillery battery was stationed in the area was in May 2007. The mobile artillery units, which were used to target areas from which Qassam rockets are launched toward Israel, have been all but deactivated due to a number of incidents in the past, including the November 2006 attack in which an errant artillery shell killed 21 Palestinians in Beit Hanoun.
Forces from the Givati Brigade, the Armored Corps' 9th Battalion and the Engineering Corps have already entered the Strip ahead of a possible large-scale ground incursion.
The reinforcements, while limited, appear to indicate increased readiness on the part of the IDF.
Meanwhile, during his flight back from Japan Friday morning, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert was updated on Thursday's Grad and Qassam rocket attacks on Ashkelon and the western Negev. The political-security cabinet is scheduled to convene Wednesday to discuss the escalation in the south.
US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Egyptian intelligence chief Omer Suleiman are due in Israel Tuesday.
The massive rocket barrages on Israel have prompted the IDF to intensify its aerial onslaught on the Strip. Israeli aircraft have waged dozens of strikes on numerous targets over the past 24 hours, killing 31 Palestinians, among them a number of children.
The army is currently focusing its attacks on Hamas positions and weapons caches and on rocket-launching cells.
Roni Sofer contributed to the report


The project consisted of a complete gut and renovation of the mess hall and dining area. The mess hall was completely redesigned to accommodate a modern survery style food court offering many different food options.
The seating area was redesigned to provide a soothing and relaxing environment that the cadets could unwind from with sweeping views out on the courtyard and water way.


What types of claims do you work with?
Business Interruption/Loss of revenue, Property damage to both commercial and residential property, Condo Associations, contents claims, mold, loss of use, marine, etc.
Yes, but it stands to reason that handling your own claim is like going to court without an attorney. You could do it, but without the knowledge of the rules and procedures, you might be at a sizable disadvantage. More specifically, a public insurance adjuster will assist you in the preparation of inventories, estimates and other factual proofs of loss. He or she will handle all the necessary details for compiling and filing claims, as required by the terms of your insurance policies. They will also confer, on your behalf, with insurance company representatives and handle all matters essential to a proper resolution.
According to a study by The Office Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability (OPPAGA), policyholders with public adjuster representation lead to higher average payments, sometimes considerably higher. The study offers an example of the average compensation for 2005 hurricane claims in FL. They were 747% higher when a public adjuster was involved.
When should I call Five Star?
Call us immediately after any damages or losses or even for a free inspection to ensure you have no damage. It is best if we are involved with the entire claims process from the beginning to ensure the best possible outcome for you and to help avoid any potential pitfalls.


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A Minneapolis police officer who stopped an apparently suicidal man from leaping from a bridge, another officer who revived an unconscious victim of a drug overdose and an officer who struggled with a gun-wielding robbery suspect are just a few of the Minneapolis cops honored by police chief Janeé Harteau at a ceremony held Monday at City Hall.
Harteau also presented lifesaving awards to several citizens including Lisa Bilcik and Sally Jacobson. On May 29 of this year, Bilcik and Jacobson, gave first aid to a motorcyclist injured in a crash in the Lowry Tunnel. "The two women, strangers in separate cars, stopped in the fast lane of one of the state's busiest freeways to render aid to the injured man who was being ignored by others, who just continued to drive by," said Harteau.


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Duana Names: What About Love?
Duana Names: No Sacrifice!
Posted by Duana at November 21, 2018 21:00:18 November 21, 2018 21:00:18
Hello! I'll get right down to it: we have two children, Freya and Ned, and in late November, we're expecting baby #3. We love that "pause factor" you've discussed in the past. If it were up to me entirely, we'd have 6 children, all with shabby aristocrat names like Theodosia Alice Alberta. But as my spouse isn't 100% down with that plan, we're looking at names like Beatrix, Maeve, and Juniper. (We already have a boy's name selected.) I thought I loved old-fashioned names, but Juniper is growing on me. And Juno or Djuna are darling nicknames. Is it too trendy, though? Is Juniper worth it even if we have to sacrifice the pause?
First, let us construct an online identity for Theodosia Alice Alberta, who I imagine would go on to an illustrious career travelling the world and then eventually creating the world's first PhD program for aspiring museum docents. Yes? I mean or alternately she would be a part of a pilot program for people learning to pilot planes for short, within-the-city-limits personal flights? The possibilities are endless.
But I don't see any of those dreams and goals ebbing away with the use of Juniper. You're not the first person to wonder this, and somehow, regardless of its actual usage, people seem to think it's more regular/common than I think it actually is – especially since Juno and Djuna (YES USE THEM BOTH) would definitely raise eyebrows depending on the makeup of your preschool class/town.
I think the idea that it's popular, and maybe even the willingness to consider it from people who would otherwise think of themselves as relatively name-conservative, has to do with how similar it is to Jennifer; we're used to hearing three syllables starting with J and ending in R. But the name is only in the mid 300s, popularity-wise, and definitely not even at the level of universal acceptance that Maeve and Beatrix (which would have been out there a decade or dozen ago) are. I don't automatically think you're sacrificing the pause – though there is an upward trend of acceptability which may mean it's less a pause, and more a beat, after which you're told, "Oh, my cousin's stepdaughter is Juniper, I just love it!"
That (entirely positive, let's not forget) reaction is going to be slightly different than the reaction to, say, Ned, which makes people first process the name they associate with television accounants in relation to a small person, then a small cheeky smile as they realize "oh hey, I like that name!" People will process Juniper faster, but I don't think they're going to be all "Oh that name is old news". What it is, though, is maybe a gateway drug for people who realize they like "unusual names", and who aren't ready to commit to Hepzibah.
The key in situations like this, if you're looking for alternatives (which I'm not sure you are), is to make sure you still like the alternate name, whether Cordelia or Ariadne or Saffron is the one that you figure is rare enough to elicit that same 'pause'. But beware of chasing the dragon, because your kid is going to have this name for the rest of your life and theirs, and what is rare as hell today may be commonplace in five years or less. You have to love it both because of and in spite of its relative popularity… which, I suspect, you do. You are therefore sacrificing nothing.
But since my Thanksgiving obsession from the other day is still in full swing, let's do a little side experiment (or, for you nerds who love it described this way,):
The Semi-Annual Name Nerd Homework Assignment:
– if, during the Scotch-and-tryptophan-fueled opinion parade that is your-all's holiday, someone stops ranting about politics to gossip about the other side of the family and that turns into complaints about 'crazy names these days', PLEASE immediately send a bulletin so we can know what names are, and what does and doesn't pass muster. The rest of us cannot wait.
Meanwhile, Letter Writer, know that you're not giving away anything at all – but that you may be part of the vanguard that ushers in a new acceptance of names whose 'tiny pause' is soon-to-be-archived. Which is okay, because that's how we find new ones. Let us know!
istock/ Getty Images
Tags: Name Nerd
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package com.android.settings.rr;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.CheckBoxPreference;
import android.preference.ListPreference;
import android.preference.Preference;
import android.preference.Preference.OnPreferenceChangeListener;
import android.preference.PreferenceScreen;
import android.preference.SwitchPreference;
import android.provider.Settings;

import com.android.settings.R;
import com.android.settings.SettingsPreferenceFragment;
import com.android.settings.widget.SeekBarPreferenceCham;

public class AppSidebar extends SettingsPreferenceFragment implements
        OnPreferenceChangeListener, Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener {
    private static final String TAG = "AppSideBar";

    private static final String KEY_ENABLED = "sidebar_enable";
    private static final String KEY_TRANSPARENCY = "sidebar_transparency";
    private static final String KEY_SETUP_ITEMS = "sidebar_setup_items";
    private static final String KEY_POSITION = "sidebar_position";
    private static final String KEY_HIDE_LABELS = "sidebar_hide_labels";
    private static final String KEY_TRIGGER_WIDTH = "trigger_width";
    private static final String KEY_TRIGGER_TOP = "trigger_top";
    private static final String KEY_TRIGGER_BOTTOM = "trigger_bottom";

    private SwitchPreference mEnabledPref;
    private SeekBarPreferenceCham mTransparencyPref;
    private ListPreference mPositionPref;
    private CheckBoxPreference mHideLabelsPref;
    private SeekBarPreferenceCham mTriggerWidthPref;
    private SeekBarPreferenceCham mTriggerTopPref;
    private SeekBarPreferenceCham mTriggerBottomPref;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.app_sidebar_settings);

        mEnabledPref = (SwitchPreference) findPreference(KEY_ENABLED);
        mEnabledPref.setChecked((Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_ENABLED, 0) == 1));
        mEnabledPref.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(this);

        mHideLabelsPref = (CheckBoxPreference) findPreference(KEY_HIDE_LABELS);
        mHideLabelsPref.setChecked((Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_DISABLE_LABELS, 0) == 1));

        PreferenceScreen prefSet = getPreferenceScreen();
        mPositionPref = (ListPreference) prefSet.findPreference(KEY_POSITION);
        mPositionPref.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(this);
        int position = Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(), Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_POSITION, 0);
        mPositionPref.setValue(String.valueOf(position));
        updatePositionSummary(position);

        mTransparencyPref = (SeekBarPreferenceCham) findPreference(KEY_TRANSPARENCY);
        mTransparencyPref.setValue(Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRANSPARENCY, 0));
        mTransparencyPref.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(this);

        mTriggerWidthPref = (SeekBarPreferenceCham) findPreference(KEY_TRIGGER_WIDTH);
        mTriggerWidthPref.setValue(Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRIGGER_WIDTH, 10));
        mTriggerWidthPref.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(this);

        mTriggerTopPref = (SeekBarPreferenceCham) findPreference(KEY_TRIGGER_TOP);
        mTriggerTopPref.setValue(Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRIGGER_TOP, 0));
        mTriggerTopPref.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(this);

        mTriggerBottomPref = (SeekBarPreferenceCham) findPreference(KEY_TRIGGER_BOTTOM);
        mTriggerBottomPref.setValue(Settings.System.getInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRIGGER_HEIGHT, 100));
        mTriggerBottomPref.setOnPreferenceChangeListener(this);

        findPreference(KEY_SETUP_ITEMS).setOnPreferenceClickListener(this);
    }

    public boolean onPreferenceChange(Preference preference, Object newValue) {
        if (preference == mTransparencyPref) {
            int transparency = ((Integer)newValue).intValue();
            Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRANSPARENCY, transparency);
            return true;
        } else if (preference == mTriggerWidthPref) {
            int width = ((Integer)newValue).intValue();
            Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRIGGER_WIDTH, width);
            return true;
        } else if (preference == mTriggerTopPref) {
            int top = ((Integer)newValue).intValue();
            Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRIGGER_TOP, top);
            return true;
        } else if (preference == mTriggerBottomPref) {
            int bottom = ((Integer)newValue).intValue();
            Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_TRIGGER_HEIGHT, bottom);
            return true;
        } else if (preference == mPositionPref) {
            int position = Integer.valueOf((String) newValue);
            updatePositionSummary(position);
            return true;
        } else if (preference == mEnabledPref) {
            boolean value = ((Boolean)newValue).booleanValue();
            Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_ENABLED,
                    value ? 1 : 0);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onPreferenceTreeClick(PreferenceScreen preferenceScreen, Preference preference) {
        boolean value;

        if (preference == mHideLabelsPref) {
            value = mHideLabelsPref.isChecked();
            Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_DISABLE_LABELS,
                    value ? 1 : 0);
        } else {
            return super.onPreferenceTreeClick(preferenceScreen, preference);
        }

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {
        if(preference.getKey().equals(KEY_SETUP_ITEMS)) {
            Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
            intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
            intent.setComponent(new ComponentName("com.android.systemui",
                    "com.android.systemui.statusbar.sidebar.SidebarConfigurationActivity"));
            getActivity().startActivity(intent);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    private void updatePositionSummary(int value) {
        mPositionPref.setSummary(mPositionPref.getEntries()[mPositionPref.findIndexOfValue("" + value)]);
        Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_POSITION, value);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_SHOW_TRIGGER, 0);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        Settings.System.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                Settings.System.APP_SIDEBAR_SHOW_TRIGGER, 1);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub