text:
Original watercolours
Sir William Russell Flint
Signed Limited edition prints & Original Paintings
Specialist dealers in Russell Flint's paintings and limited edition signed prints for many years
Hundreds of limited edition personally signed prints and original watercolour paintings for sale
The most extensive collection of limited edition signed prints by Russell Flint in the country.
Come to the Nottinghamshire studio, or have a private view at your home.
d@russellflint.com
UK 01623 799 309
Signed Limited Edition Prints
Russell Flint
William Russell Flint paintings have long since been regarded as amongst the finest of watercolour paintings worldwide. Original signed Russell Flint prints have been collected since the early 1960s not only for their decorative art, but for the investment value too. Russell Flint signed prints have shown themselves to be a highly collectable affordable commodity, second only to the original paintings. Sir William, born in 1880, entered the world of art as a commercial apprentice at the age of fourteen. Over the next seventy five years he was to rise to the pinnacles of his chosen profession. He became president of the Royal Society of Painters in Watercolours, Trustee of the Royal Academy of Art, Senior Royal Academician and a Knight Bachelor, yet the later professional critics chose to regard him as a great enigma. When he was singularly honoured by a retrospective exhibition of his works at the Royal Academy in 1962 the Art Critic of the Apollo magazine wrote, somewhat condescendingly, that although he "belonged so clearly,and so honourably to the line of English nineteenth century watercolourists, Russell Flint remains of almost no consequence at all... his art seldom rises above a level of incidental triviality, he has rarely produced a picture that meant anything more than the evocation of an imaginary landscape where olive skinned gypsies or English maidens disport themselves. The unlikely setting gives their nudity an air of respectability." Critics, of course have, by definition, to find something to criticise, but William Russell Flint rarely rose to such baiting.
Francis Flint, worked as a professional designer/watercolourist; on 4/4/1880 he became the father of William Russell Flint.
It was a great help for Flint that his father worked in an artistic areas. In his younger days William Russell Flint went to the Daniel Stewart's College, and then became a pupil of the Edinburgh Institution College, it was here that Russell Flint developed his work on line and colour which turned into his particularly well known style painting .
Sir William Russell Flint was an apprentice for six years at an Edinburgh print factory, his job was that of a draughtsman, which helped to produce the skill needed to achieve what was to become amongst the finest watercolourists worldwide.. In the early 1900s Sir William Russell Flint started drawing illustrations for the London News. This was the time before photography had arrived to feed the population's thirst for knowledge via images, a time where drawings and engravings were the only means of portraying images in literature of any content, and where a certain subtlety and accuracy were essential in the portrayal of particular scenes.
This particular magazine was distributed and read across The British Empire which was at that time the majority of the world. Consequently the words, Russell Flint beacame well known throughout the civilised world. This led the worldwide fame he later enjoyed as an international watercolourist.
In the early 1900s and throughout world war I, Russell Flint created and illustrated books that have now become famous classics, such as Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales".
During the war, Flint served as Admiralty Assistant Overseer in the Royal Navy; Sir William Russell Flint was able to visit Scotland and able to continue his studies at art college.
When the war was over in 1918, William Russell Flint travelled extensively throughout Europe, and in particular, La France, immensley ejoying painting and drawing the many fascinating scenes that he would encounter during his everyday adventures, many of Russell Flint's published prints show his travels across France, and capture a delicate and subtle atmosphere of that particular period. The Royal Academy accepted Russell Flint as 'associate' member and after a short time in 1933 he became a fulltime commitee member.
Three years later he was offered the prestigeous position of President for "The Royal Society of Painters in Watercolour", and throughout 1940-45, Sir William and Sybylle Flint made their home on a poultry farm in Devon. Having been in the Royal Air Force, Russell Flint could be permitted access to Devonport Dockyard,(this scene was published by Flint, and was critically acclaimed as a painting with wonderful perspective) and work, to his heart's content.
Syblle and William and were eventually able to return home to Peel Cottage in London,
and within 2 years he was awarded the title of Sir. Sir William worked as a watercolourist the entirity of his life until he died aged 89.
The professional work he produced as an artist over many years helped him to achieve the ability to create a unique style that became his forte. The paintings produced were looser and he was able to illustrate with superb professionalism, an array of depths that could give life to architecture and all manner of exotic material, not forgetting his models.
Russell Flint through the medium of his paintings has managed to give, and indeed still does immense enjoyment to thousands of people the world over.
The original watercolour paintings and limited edition signed prints, have now set the benchmark for artists and collectors worldwide, as a superlative excellence in the use of watercolour, and Sir William's fine paintings are enjoyed by many and regarded amongst the most excellent works on paper to date.
Our Nottinghamshire studio displays a large collection of Russell Flint's original work and his limited edition prints.
If you wish to visit , please call the phone number below
Sir William was admired by his contemporaries, and had a warm personality which he was eager to share with people of similar minds.
Francis Wighton Flint had been an artist on a more commercial scale and, Russell Flint started work in a printing factory, working there for 6 years, and gained much knowledge about the industry including many processes that were involved in producing pictures. Russell Flint of Scottish descent originally came from Edinburgh, 1880, his natural flair for using a watercolour brush soon caught the attention of his work colleagues and private collectors.
The early part of Russell Flint's life was spent studying at the college in Edinburgh, he then worked for 6 yrs. in the litho printing factory, Russell Flint decided that a life and work in London was for him, and he an official medical artist, drawing with great precision, the human anatomy for the medical world. At the begining of the century Russell Flint took a position in a London magazine, creating illustrations, this was a move that helped him to show his talents across the world ,due to the distribution of the magazine. Sibylle Sueter, the daughter of an Admiral and Russell Flint were married the same year, Russell Flint's painting career was being much appreciated by both art critics and the general public so much so that within 2 years he became an independant artist, and was the illustrator for many great classical books such as The Odyssey of Homer, and The Tales of Canterbury Tales by Chaucer.
Throughout the 1914-18 war his position in the Navy was to oversee the airships as an Admiralty assistant. He returned to his original birthplace, Scotland, and using a piece of the very airship that had been in his charge during the war, Russell Flint painted a small watercolour.
At the end of 1918, Russell Flint's artistic flair began to be recognized internationally. He was able to travel across Europe, producing a portfolio of wonderful watercolour paintings illustrating the gentle romantic countryside life on the continent.
In the 1920s Sir William Russell Flint was made an associate member of theAcademy Royal, and several years later his membership became fulltime. Shortly afterwards he was honoured by the Watercolour painters Royal Society with the title of President . The Flints left the turkey farm in Devon, that had been their home during the 14-18 war, Syblle and Russell Flint returned to their Campden Hill, cottage in London, where Russell Flint's career flourished in the aftermath of the war years and as the Britain gradually began to rebuild after the age of hardship, and began to look towards the pleasures of the arts again.
Flint's great knowledge of watercolour painting and his natural ability to portray the human form in its wonderful entirety produced an unmistakable and unique style that has made him famous throughout the world. Many artists have often attempted to copy his style and techniques, but none have ever suceeded in mastering the subtleties that made his paintings so wonderful.
Russell Flint became a Sir in 1947, and some 15 years later the paintings of Sir William Russell Flint were given the highest possible honour in a
large exhibition at the Royal Academy's, Diploma Gallery.
It was at this time that the Royal Academy president, Mr Wheeler complimented the art of Russell Flint by describing it as wonderful piece of work and a puzzling skill.
As a successful artist in his own right, Russell Flint took the opportunity to travel, mainly in Europe, and a great deal in France
he painted and drew many scenes, a vast range of landscapes from Switzerland and Scotland to Spain and Italy.
For over 30 years Sir William Russell Flint's signed prints and paintings have been our speciality
In our studio we have over five hundred limited edition prints, personally signed and unsigned editions after his death; A wonderful collection original watercolour paintings and drawings, are also for sale.
La France and it's rural settings held great appeal to sir william russell flint, he spent much time travelling through this country, particularly in the south west, a region known as Dordogne, ideally situated in this area is a house available for renting here.
The prints, especially the signed, limited edition prints (signed personally) were in enormous demand at the date of publication,
the complete edition would often be sold-out within on the day of publication.
Unlike books, a 'second' edition of these prints is never produced, and apart from the original painting these prints are the only original hand signed, limited editions that have over the years become very collectable and sought after artworks, some of which are almost one hundred years old.
A master of watercolour painting, Sir William Russell Flint's work enjoys the recognition amongst the finest and most experienced art of our time.
Please see a collection of work by some of the world's finestartists:- wildlife paintings of David Shepherd. His signed prints
and paintings are a amazing portrayal not only of the animals he paints, but of the atmosphere and landscapes throughout the world. The work of one incredibly talented artist, who painted the working lives of everdayday people in the 1960s is now of the geatest importance to both art collectors and and financial investors. The signed prints and paintings of L.S.Lowry view have been increasing in value on a regular basis and his work according to recent studies, is now more sought after and of greater investment value than artists such as Picasso.
urllist sitemap.html sitemap.xml Contact us
Sir William Russell Flint Signed Limited edition prints & Original Paintings for sale


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A real Rembrandt? Study shows painting banished to storeroom is either by his studio or the master himself
A recent examination of the wood panel reveals that it is from the same Baltic oak tree as the panel of an authenticated work by the Dutch artist
31st August 2020 07:00 GMT
Head of a Bearded Man at Oxford's Ashmolean Museum has undergone a scientific examination using infrared technology Courtesy of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford
A Dutch Golden Age painting of an old man, long dismissed as not by Rembrandt or his studio, is now being brought back into the oeuvre. Head of a Bearded Man (around 1630-40) at Oxford's Ashmolean Museum had been banished to the storeroom, but will go on display on 2 September in the Young Rembrandt exhibition (extended until 1 November).
A recent scientific examination reveals that the picture was painted on a panel which comes from the very same tree as on an accepted Rembrandt, which makes it almost certain that Head of a Bearded Man originated from the master's studio.
The small painting has a 1777 auction label on the reverse, describing it as by Rembrandt. In 1951 it was bequeathed as a Rembrandt to the Ashmolean by Percy Moore Turner, a dealer and donor. However, in 1982 the Amsterdam-based Rembrandt Research Project rejected the painting as coming from "outside Rembrandt's circle", possibly later in the 17th century. There are two other lesser versions of the same composition—one at Houston's Museum of Fine Arts (described as "after Rembrandt") and the other in a private collection.
The Ashmolean's 2004 collection catalogue recorded the work as in the "style" of Rembrandt, but explained that it can "only be loosely associated with Rembrandt's style in about 1630". It is currently described on the museum's website as by a Rembrandt follower. Ernst van de Wetering, the leading Rembrandt specialist, excluded it from his 2017 complete survey of the oeuvre.
Peter Klein, an experienced dendrochronologist, recently studied the oak panel of the Ashmolean picture. He determined that it was painted on wood from the same Baltic oak tree as two other pictures: Rembrandt's Andromeda Chained to the Rocks (around 1630, Mauritshuis, The Hague) and a work by Rembrandt's collaborator Jan Lievens, Portrait of Rembrandt's Mother (around 1630, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen, Dresden). Tree rings revealed that it was felled between 1618 and 1628 and the seasoned wood would have ready for use two years later.
This makes it virtually certain that Head of a Bearded Man is from Rembrandt's studio. The Ashmolean curator An Van Camp now dates it to around 1630.
The key question is whether Rembrandt himself contributed to the Ashmolean picture. It is now disfigured with discoloured varnish and overpaint which was added in the 19th or early-20th century, making it difficult to determine. After the closure of the Early Rembrandt exhibition the painting will be examined and restored. Conservator Jevon Thistlewood says that "we can't wait to see what we will find".
More NewsTopicsRembrandtAshmolean MuseumAttribution
On eve of US inauguration, a chance to visit the president's office
From mummies to mosques—new Google Arts & Culture initiative brings Egypt's archaeological treasures to the masses
Heatherwick's Vessel closed to the public after third suicide in less than a year

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's been another big step on Little Reds health journey. We met with a geneticist today. I'm not sure how I feel about the outcome, if there really was one. Hubby and I haven't really spoke about it too much because we're both processing the whole thing. However we've agreed that we're feeling tired, a bit anxious and just needing time. Maybe a good night sleep will be enough.
I thought I'd be able to write more about it today, as my free source of therapy. But I honestly don't know where to start.
It's not even like there is anything to report, really. It's just making decisions and trying to do what's best for our girl.
If I could sum up my current feelings in one sentence it would be "knowledge is power, but ignorance is bliss".


Okroshka is a cold soup based on kvass or less often sour milk. The main ingredients of both types are vegetables that can be mixed with cold boiled meat or fish in a 1:1 proportion. Thus vegetable, meat, and fish varieties of okroshka are made.
For sour milk based okroshka, well shaken up natural sour milk (often with the addition of seed oil) is used with the addition of pure water and ground garlic. Sometimes manufactured kefir is used instead of natural sour milk for time saving reasons, though some say it detracts from the original taste of okroshka.


text:
Highlights from the January 9, 2018 Leadership Night
Fr. Greg welcomed the Commissions to their first working meeting of the year and provided an update on the December Parish Council meeting. One of the roles of Parish Council, working closely with the Pastor, is to provide a common direction and focus for the Parish as a whole. The Council has started discussions about how to extend the spirit of a welcoming Parish more intentionally across everything we do, and now, the Commissions will have an opportunity to expand on the theme in their Annual Assessment meetings with Fr. Greg by proposing specific ways we can build deeper relationships with current parishioners, those not yet registered, and those we seek to attract and engage in our Parish.
Following their working sessions on Leadership Night, the Commissions gave these summary reports:
Formation Commission was joined by Barbara Nelson of St. Agnes' Ignatian Spiritual Life Center in their meeting. It is Fr. Greg's intention to enhance opportunities for our parishioners to learn and live the Spiritual Exercises and to make retreats and spiritual direction around the Exercises available. St. Agnes does a great job of this and Barbara shared some of their best practices with us. We will be following up with her and convening a planning group for making more opportunities in the realm of Ignatian Spirituality available for our parishioners later in 2018.
Outreach Commission begins the new year with gratitude for all of the wonderful work by volunteers across our Parish social ministries and for all the Advent Season efforts. Thanks to our incredible faith community, we celebrated the joy of Christmas by caring for those in need and supporting one another. We are very proud of the revitalization of our Neighbor to Neighbor program, an initiative to bring together parishioners in need of assistance with volunteers to help them with such things as rides to the doctor's office and help with grocery shopping. Thanks to strong leadership of this ministry, the program, formerly known as Helping Hands, has gained more than 100 new volunteers. As a goal for 2018, Outreach identified making an intentional effort to do similar "health checks" on all our social ministries and care efforts for community and Parish, to ensure they have sufficient resources to do the most good.
Community Commission celebrated the success of their new Senior Ministry, which had a very well-attended and fun Christmas Party, and is working on an exciting Pasta & Bingo event for families to be held on Saturday night, February 3. They also discussed how to assess the potential need and interest among parishioners for a new bereavement ministry for the Parish.
Admin Commission is working on an approach for a simple registration effort to be conducted over the next months with the intent to welcome and connect with new and occasional attenders who come to our church for Mass, but have not registered as a parishioner. The broader initiative is a Parish-wide census that will capture updated and new information about parishioner families, demographics, community interests, and what excites parishioners about ministry and service.
Worship Commission celebrated the success of their first parish Simbang Gabi Mass and reception, which was attended by ~150 people; will continue to hold this event annually and to reach out to the SF Filipino community. Commission discussed how to encourage a culture of welcome and strong worshipping assembly at all Masses. Suggestions are to hold hospitality after the 5 pm Sunday Mass every other week to determine interest and to develop a way to direct parishioners to Fromm Hall for hospitality after the 9:30 am and 11 am Masses. Commission debriefed their successes and learnings from the Christmas season, which was attended by 1500-2000 people. The environment, music, lectors, and ushers were all fantastic. Need more greeters, especially at the Midnight Mass, in the future. Commission also discussed how to further engage ushers and greeters in the ministry of welcoming throughout the year.


text:
Q: Is there a way to catch undefined globals in PHP, and provide a value, like autoload, but for variables? We have a lot of existing code that, rather than creating an instance of a class, or using a static function on that class, will call the method on a global singleton of that class.
For example (stringclass.php):
class String {
   function endsWith($str, $search) {
      return substr($str, -strlen($search)) == $search;
   }
}
$STRING_OBJECT = new String();

then it will use this in the following way:
include_once("stringclass.php");
if ($STRING_OBJECT->endsWith("Something", "thing")) {
   echo "It's there\n";
}

I realise that this is not a very sensible way of calling the function, but I was wondering if we could fix all the places where people have forgotten to include the right classes using an auto-loader, without changing all the code that uses these singletons. It would detect the use of an undeclared global, and include the correct class file based on the name of the global that was being referenced.

A: You can use the ArrayAccess interface
http://php.net/manual/en/class.arrayaccess.php
class Ztring implements arrayaccess
{
    private $container = array ();

    public function offsetSet ($offset, $value)
    {
        $this->container[$offset] = $value;
    }

    public function offsetGet ($offset)
    {
        // exception
        if ($offset == 'something')
        {
            return 'works!';
        }

        return $this->container[$offset];
    }

    public function offsetExists ($offset)
    {
        return isset($this->container[$offset]);
    }

    public function offsetUnset ($offset)
    {
        unset ($this->container[$offset]);
    }
}

$x = new Ztring ();

$x['zzz'] = 'whatever';
echo $x['zzz']."\n";

echo $x['something']."\n";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.gtcgroup.justify.core.base.internal.dependency;

/**
 * This class is for testing.
 *
 *

 * Copyright (c) 2006 - 2017 by Global Technology Consulting Group, Inc. at
 * gtcGroup.com .
 *

 *
 * @author
 * @since v.6.0
 */

public enum BusinessFacadeBF {
    //

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Phoenix White 2 Drawer 90 Minute Fire Rated Filing Cabinet FS2252K Pack of 1 Two drawer fire file protects contents from fire at temperatures up to 927 degrees for 90 minutes. Auto locking system in case of an emergency. Two precision pin tumbler key locks. W525 x D675 x H720mm. 140kg. Non returnable.
Phoenix White 4 Drawer 90 Minute Fire Rated Filing Cabinet FS2254K Pack of 1 4 drawer fire file protects contents from fire at temperatures up to 927 degress for 90 minutes. Auto locking system in case of an emergency. Two precision pin tumbler key locks. W525 x D675 x H1405mm. 266kg. Non returnable.
Phoenix Fortress White High Security Burglary Safe SS1181K Pack of 1 Protects up to ?4,000 cash and ?40,000 valuables. key lock with 2 keys supplied. Can be fixed to wood, concrete or asphalt floors. 30 minute fire resistance. External dimensions: 220 x 350 x 300mm. Non returnable.
Phoenix Fortress White High Security Burglary Safe SS1182K Pack of 1 Protects up to ?4,000 cash and ?40,000 valuables. key lock with 2 keys supplied. Can be fixed to wood, concrete or asphalt floors. 30 minute fire resistance. External dimensions: 350 x 450 x 350mm. Non returnable.
Phoenix Fortress White Fortress High Security Burglary Safe SS1183K Pack of 1 Protects up to ?4,000 cash and ?40,000 valuables. key lock with 2 keys supplied. Can be fixed to wood, concrete or asphalt floors. 30 minute fire resistance. External dimensions: 550 x 450 x 350mm. Non returnable.
Phoenix White Fire Ranger Cabinet Size 1 Key Lock FS1511K Pack of 1 Provides 30 minutes fire protection for paper records at 500 degrees. Recommended for overnight cash cover of ?1,500 or ?15,000 valuables. Double bitted VDS class 1 key lock. External dimensions: H1220 x W600 x D520mm. Non returnable.
Phoenix White Fire Ranger Cabinet Size 2 Key Lock FS1512K Pack of 1 Provides 30 minutes fire protection for paper records at 500 degrees. Recommended for overnight cash cover of ?1,500 or ?15,000 valuables. Double bitted VDS class 1 key lock. External dimensions: H1220 x W930 x D520mm. Non returnable.
Phoenix White Fire Ranger Cabinet Size 3 Key Lock FS1513K Pack of 1 Provides 30 minutes fire protection for paper records at 500 degrees. Recommended for overnight cash cover of ?1,500 or ?15,000 valuables. Double bitted VDS class 1 key lock. External dimensions: H1950 x W930 x D520mm. Non returnable.
Phoenix Data Combi Safe DS2501E Pack of 1 External dimensions: H700x. W500xD500mm, Internal dimensions: H510xW380xD330mm, Door swing: 490mm, Weight: 121kg (266lbs) Total internal volume: 64ltr Data box volume: 6.45ltr. Non returnable.
Phoenix Data Combi Safe DS2502E Pack of 1 External dimensions: H880x. W520xD520mm, Internal dimensions: H675xW380xD330mm, Door swing:490mm, Weight: 157kg (345lbs) Total internal volume: 85ltr Data box volume: 6.45ltr. Non returnable.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Pulsar4X.Storage;

namespace Pulsar4X.Entities
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Singleton class which automatically loads (and stores) the commander name themes from disk when Pulsar is launched.
    /// </summary>
    public class CommanderNameThemes
    {
        private static readonly CommanderNameThemes _instance = new CommanderNameThemes();
        public static CommanderNameThemes Instance { get { return _instance; } }

        public List<CommanderNameTheme> NameThemes { get; set; }

        static CommanderNameThemes()
        {
        }

        private CommanderNameThemes()
        {
            var bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            NameThemes = bootstrap.LoadCommanderNameTheme();
        }
    }
}


text:
White House Adviser Warns Reporter: We Have Incriminating 'Dossiers' On Journalists
Posted on February 14, 2017 April 11, 2017 by Andrew Bradford
If there's one part of the United States Constitution that Donald Trump and his brainless minions would love to see eliminated, it's got to be the First Amendment, especially the section that guarantees a free press. To those who worship Trump, the press is a hindrance to his plans for the country, especially his likely plan to install an authoritarian, fascist executive branch that answers to no one.
Proof of this can be found in what happened last week when former Apprentice star and White House communications official Omarosa Manigault directly threatened April Ryan of the American Urban Radio Network.
Some background: Last October, Manigault had sent an email to Ryan asking if she was being paid by the Hillary Clinton campaign. The email also said:
"This story suggests that as a reporter, you are (or were) a paid Clinton surrogate. I pray this is not true! This could be hurtful to your legacy and the integrity of your work."
As you might expect, Ryan was angered by the email, saying in an interview:
"I've been [covering the White House] for 20 years. I plan to be here for the next 20 years. You don't mess with someone's livelihood."
Last Wednesday at the White House, Ryan says Manigault got right in her face
and told her the administration had "dossiers" on her and other reporters. But Ryan remained unbowed:
"I said, 'You better back up.' She thought I would be bullied. I won't be."
And this is hardly the first time Manigault has threatened those who dare to disagree with Trump. On the night of the 2016 presidential election, referring to comments that had been made by South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham, she remarked:
"It's so great our enemies are making themselves clear so that when we get in to the White House, we know where we stand.
"Let me just tell you, Mr. Trump has a long memory and we're keeping a list."
Hey, Omarosa, I got some breaking news for you: You just declared war on the press, and that's a big mistake. We'll be here long after you and your Cheeto demigod have been run out of town on a rail. And we can create our own dossiers. Right now we're working on the one that shows the alleged president is a traitor who betrayed his own country to the Russians.
In other words, Ms. Manigault, this is chess and we are nearing checkmate.
This article was originally published by the same author at LiberalAmerica.org
This entry was posted in Media in America, Trump's War on the Press, WTF?! and tagged GOP Douchebags, Trump's War on the Press, WTF?!. Bookmark the permalink.
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text:
Posts tagged: Riddler
Title Pages: The Batman Strikes #17
It's time for another installment of Title Pages, featuring another title page from my run on The Batman Strikes! which was a tie-in comic for The Batman animated TV series. A Title Page is the page which features the story title and credits for the issue, and is often (but not always) a Splash Page, which is a full-page image, rather than a page broken up into multiple panels.
The Batman Strikes! #17 featured a title page that was the payoff of a 2-page sequence with Gotham City Police Chief Angel Rojas and Detective Ellen Yin reacting to a message being projected into the sky via searchlight beam by The Riddler. What the heck kind of smog does Gotham City produce that they have such dense, concentrated cloud layers that you can project PRINT onto them without it diffusing into illegibility?
Both of these characters were fun to draw. Chief Rojas was the top cop in the first season of The Batman animated series for which this was was the tie-in comic series. Both Rojas and Ellen Yin were new characters created for The Batman, and brought some needed ethnic diversity to the pantheon of Batman characters. Rojas was unfriendly to the bat-garbed vigilante who had recently appeared in Gotham, especially in contrast to Commissioner Gordon who largely replaced him in the second season. I never heard if there was any reason to invent this character and not use Gordon in the first season other than trying to diversify the cast (a worthy enough goal). I wish they would have done more with him after Gordon came in, but the character kind of faded away. Yin also largely was pushed aside to make way for other supporting characters as Batgirl and Robin were added in later seasons.
On page 2 we see the payoff of this sequence as Batman swoops in front of the searchlight, foreshadowing the Bat-Signal. The story title and credits appear in this panel, and I made the "Q" into a question mark to reference The Riddler as the villain of this story.
Sadly I don't have the inks-only versions of these pages in digital form to include in this post, but you can see how the pencils compare to the finished pages. I'd really love for DC to make digital editions of all the issues of this series available, as the lower-quality paper used on this title combined with the deep, saturated colors that were frequently used could make the pages look dark and muddy, and a lot of the contrast I was trying to create in the line art was diminished. I bet most of these pages would look MUCH better in purely digital form as opposed to what you see here, which are scans of the printed comic.
I'll have more installments of Title Pages soon (I promise), but until then you can check out previous installments! As always, questions and comments are welcome!
Tags: Batman, Chief Rojas, Ellen Yin, Riddler, Terry Beatty, The Batman, The Batman Strikes, Title Pages
The Batman Strikes! | Christopher Jones | March 7, 2013 2:17 am | Comments (0)
Riddle me this… PINHEAD!
Never give the Riddler one of those puzzle boxes from Hellraiser. There's just nothing good that's going to come of that.
Batman Strikes #50 pg 07
This is another page from The Batman Strikes #50, the final issue of the series. I was really happy with how this page turned out – nicely moody and transcending the cartooniness of the animation designs. Pencils by me, inks by Terry Beatty, color by Heroic Age Studios.
Tags: Batman, Batman Strikes, Color, Hellraiser, Riddler
The Batman Strikes! | Christopher Jones | October 17, 2011 6:00 pm | Comments (0)
OUT NOW: Young Justice #20 - The INVASION Begins!
Young Justice #14 Solicit is Out!
Back from Butt-Numb-a-Thon


The Maximo is a 4mph folding scooter that is based on the best-selling smaller TGA Minimo. Despite its larger size, the Maximo is still ideal for travel on the bus, train or in the car and can be folded in seconds with no parts needing to be dismantled. The latest version includes an improved fully adjustable tiller and more supportive seat. The spacious floor-well allows drivers to stretch out their legs and the active rear suspension minimises bumps whilst driving. The new seat has additional cushioning so stability is improved which really helps owners with back problems and allows users to tackle rougher terrain with confidence.


text:
Sherrill wins in High Court
By Rachael Protzman |
PUBLISHED: March 30, 2005 at 5:38 a.m. | UPDATED: July 22, 2021 at 2:30 a.m.
SHERRILL – The Oneida Indian Nation's sovereignty extends only to its 32-acre reservation, according to a ruling Tuesday by the U.S. Supreme Court. In an 8-1 decision released Tuesday, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York that Indian tribes don't have the right to sovereignty on property that has not been recognized as reservation land by the federal government. The decision stated that because of the length of time Sherrill has governed the property, the Nation cannot regain sovereignty simply by purchasing the land. The Oneida Indian Nation issued a statement: "Certainly, the Nation wishes the court had ruled differently. But, the Nation will do everything it can to protect the over 4,200 jobs it has created." The case began when the Nation purchased land in the City of Sherrill in 1997 and 1998, which now includes a SavOn gas station, convenience store and a textile plant, which has since closed. When Sherrill sent the Nation a $3,000 property tax bill, the Nation refused to pay. The Nation said that because the land was originally occupied by the Oneidas, it had become Indian country and is not subject to city property taxes. The city responded by foreclosing on the land and the Oneidas brought the case to federal court. The case reached the U.S. Supreme Court on Jan. 11. "It's nice to get some resolution," said Sherrill City Manager Dave Barker. "It's even nicer that it's in our favor. Truth be known, we were very optimistic, but we didn't want to get false hopes out there." The decision apparently means that all but the 32 acres of reservation land owned by the Nation in Madison County will be subject to property taxes, although the exact interpretation of the Supreme Court ruling will be determined by a lower court. The Nation owns approximately 17,000 acres of land throughout Madison and Oneida counties. "We think it's a great victory for the citizens of the City of Sherrill and the citizens of Upstate New York," said Sherrill lawyer Ira Sacks, "who, I think, rely on the fact that their neighbors are subject to the same laws that they are, in terms of fire codes and zoning ordinances, including the payment of taxes, but not just the payment of taxes, but the whole package of local and municipal regulations." The case centered around what is considered non-taxable Indian country. The Nation claimed that any land it re-acquired within the historical 300,000 acre land claim area automatically becomes Indian country and, therefore, not taxable. However, the Supreme Court disagreed with the Nation. "The principal argument that I made during oral argument in the Supreme Court was that the passage of 200 years with this land under state, municipal, and local jurisdiction was too long a period of time to undo the justifiable expectation of the citizens of the area, by allowing someone other than a state or local government to undo the jurisdictional control over this area just by a purchase of land," said Sacks. "The Supreme Court followed us, to the letter, on that argument." The properties in question were last possessed by the Oneidas as a tribe in 1805 and sold to non Indians in 1807. Since then, the land has been privately owned, and governed by the state, county and the city for two centuries, until the Indians regained possession with open market purchases in 1997 and 1998. The Court decided that since so much time had passed, the Nation could not declare sovereignty simply by purchasing the land. The decision, written by Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, states: "Generations have passed during which non-Indians have owned and developed the area that once composed the Tribe's historic reservation. And at least since the middle years of the 19th century, most of the Oneidas have resided elsewhere. "Given the long-standing, distinctly non-Indian character of central New York and its inhabitants, the regulatory authority over the area constantly exercised by the State and its counties and towns for 200 years, and the Oneidas' long delay in seeking judicial relief against parties other than the United States, standards of federal Indian law and federal equity practice preclude the Tribe from unilaterally reviving its ancient sovereignty, in whole or in part, over the parcels at issue. "The Oneidas long ago relinquished governmental reins and cannot regain them through open-market purchases from current titleholders." The court also noted that the properties have grown in value since the Oneidas sold them 200 years ago, and it has not been until recently that the Nation has attempted to retrieve the land. Ginsburg wrote that because of the drastic changes to the character of the properties, the Nation does not have sovereignty. The decision cited the fact that 99 percent of the population in the area is non-Indian, according to the 2000 census. The decision states: "A checkerboard of alternating state and tribal jurisdiction in New York State – created unilaterally at OIN's (Oneida Indian Nation) behest – would seriously burden the administration of state and local governments and would adversely affect landowners neighboring the tribal patches. "If OIN may unilaterally reassert sovereign control and remove these parcels from the local tax rolls, little would prevent the Tribe from initiating a new generation of litigation to free the parcels from local zoning or other regulatory controls that protect all landowners in the area." Madison County Attorney John Campanie said, "The bottom line is that property held by the Oneidas is the same as property held by any other citizen. The Court has reaffirmed the right of our cities to govern themselves." He also pointed out that property taxes fund maintenance of the roads and other infrastructure in the community, which, he noted, the Nation uses along with other residents. "Now the Oneidas will have to contribute," Campanie said. The decision will be remanded to the lower courts so they can redecide the case consistent with the Supreme Court's decision. These courts will clarify the details of how the Supreme Court's ruling will be enacted in Sherrill. "What happens is, as a technical legal matter, it gets remanded to the Second Circuit, which means it gets sent back to the Second Circuit for proceedings consistent with the opinion and to enter a judgment in Sherrill's favor," said Sacks. Indian tribes do have an method available to add to their reservation land. "There is a procedure set forth in the federal law for a tribe to apply to the Department of the Interior to have land taken into a trust by the United States and held in trust by the United States for an Indian tribe," said G. Robert Witmer Jr., who filed a brief on behalf of Madison and Oneida counties. "That process enables local governments to comment and to provide their input as to the impact on them of taking such land into trust. There might need to be provisions for payments in lieu of taxes as a condition to that." Campanie noted that the opinion points out that the federal government must weigh the needs of the tribe and the effect on the community when setting aside land. "There can be self-governance, but there is a process." While the case has been moving through the courts, Madison County has continued to file foreclosures on Nation-owned land when taxes weren't paid, Campanie said. "We can re-activate them at any time."
Snapshot: 2020-2021 Eagle Scout Recognition Dinner for Leatherstocking Council of CNY
Rachael Protzman


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EBU Policy Statement on UHDTV
This document is intended to guide strategic decisions in regard to UHDTV and future TV services. It is an updated version dated July 2015..
This document is intended to guide strategic decisions in regard to UHDTV and future TV services. It is addressed at Senior Management of EBU Members and other broadcasters and at anyone who is a stakeholder in the audiovisual content industries. It is an updated version dated July 2015.
Frans de Jong
dejong@ebu.ch
UHDTV in Europe 2013
UHDTV


text:
Is Nothing Sacred? (1990)
Reading (TV)
Channel BBC Two
Black and White No
Series The Late Show
Description A programme dedicated to Salman Rushdie in the wake of the controversies around the publication of The Satanic Verses. Pinter read a lecture written by Rushdie for the Herbert Read Memorial Lecture. Programme description: The Rushdie affair continues to raise crucial questions about the conflict between free speech and the rights of minorities in a multicultural society. These two programmes show Salman Rushdie 's perspective on The Satanic Verses both before and after the controversy which threatens his life. Bookmark: Angels and Devils Before publication, Salman Rushdie talked to Nigel Williams about religion and writing, racism and magical realism. The Late Show: Herbert Read Memorial Lecture Last month, in his first substantial piece of writing since he was forced into hiding, Rushdie addressed the novel's duty, as the 'crucial art form', to explore the relationship between literature and blasphemy. The lecture, recorded at the ICA, was delivered by Harold Pinter and introduced by Michael Ignatieff.
Creative | Reader
Creative | Introduction
Kevin Loader
Learning On Screen, full broadcast (subscription required) (Video)
Type: Broadcast
External Link: https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/RT42473E?bcast=119957853
https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/937b537e43b64ddbac0f1df40b421820


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Articles, tagged with "filipinos", page 1
Explore And have Fun Cooking Lutong Bahay Recipes Online
By Business Local in Diet
In the Philippines, one of the most important facets of tradition that bring families together is food. It is a customary practice for Filipinos anywhere in the world to celebrate all kinds of occasions with food, be it a momentous welcoming of a new born...
Filipino Style of Chinese Congee Recipe
By Daisy in Cooking & Recipes
Chinese recipe has become a day to day recipe for Filipino, in fact they are one of major influences in Philippine cuisine. To name some of Chinese recipe that embraces by Filipino people are chopsuey, pancit, mami, kikiam, asado and a lots more. Congee...
Richer, Meatier, Tastier Philippines
By RSB in Cooking & Recipes
Food is the strong asset here in the Philippines by way each prepare, cook, and eat food. We live in a tropical place where the climate, animals, fruits and vegetables were fantastic to live and eat. That every one can plant vegetables and fruits at their...
Filipino Recipe – Diningding for good metabolism
By banx0xkaei in Cooking & Recipes
I admire Filipinos for their passion on cooking. We are also fond of experimenting on different kind of dish, don't we?. In this post I want to share to all of you what to cook to not only satisfy hunger but to also have one of the very important thing in...
Bulalo - Filipino Beef Soup
By cookeatlove in Cooking & Recipes
Travelling to different parts of the Philippines, you'll see variations of foods and recipes that you haven't seen before. Many provinces have their own proud recipe, their unique trademark when it comes to food. One province that I know is Batangas. Fam...
Dish service providers
By rosykaur in Arts-and-Entertainment
Dish network provides a true home entertainment. The audio system of the computer and console games are the best candidates for your entertainment needs. But there is a common thing that would be the funniest thing of all. We are talking about a device ca...
Get To Know All About Dubai Expat
By Sunil.S in News-and-Society
Caucasians mostly from Europe, US, Canada, Australia, and South Africa covet the administrative and managerial positions in Dubai. Numerous blue collar and small business owners are from India, South Asian (i.e. Pakistanis), Sri Lankans and Bangladeshi...
Solution to Laptop Headset Problems: The Jabra Headsets
By Eric Oberlies in Communications
A lot of people complain of discomfort with the headsets they wear while using the laptop to listen to recorded lectures or music. Quite a number of headsets are just made not to give comfort to people using them. Not to fear, though, for Jabra headsets a...
How to use philippines phone cards? Globe Telecom, Smart Buddy and Sun Cellular?
By zarahbeckham in Communications
The Philippines maybe is the number one text capital of the world because Filipinos consume almost of their time texting - whoever, wherever and whenever. Pinoys love texting simply because of the close-family-ties, wide network of friends, cheap means of...
Issues and Trends in Asian Art Scene
By Art Yii in Arts-and-Entertainment
Most forms of Asian arts are deeply- rooted in eastern philosophy and values. Images of community, nature, family, worship and praise are found in all forms- paintings, sculptures, literature and calligraphy. Most of these forms symbolize distinct and tru...
The Call Center Industry of the World
By cosmetic.veronica in Communications
The call center industry of the Philippines is one of the most successful providers of call center services in the world market. It was due to this industry that the BPO or Business Process Outsource industry of the Philippines had grown massively around ...
Successful Call Center Industry: Skills and Services
What is the reason why the call center industry of the Philippines became successful? According to many industry experts, the main reason why the call center industry because successful not only in the Philippines but also in the world market is because o...
Skills and Services of the Call Center Industry of the Philippines
What is the reason why the Philippines became the call center capital of the world? According to industry experts, some of the many reasons why the center industry of the Philippines had gained global recognition is because of its skillful manpower as wel...
Call Center Industry of the Philippines: Founding to Global Dominance
The call center industry of the Philippines had become the largest provider of call center services in the global market, placing the Philippines as the call center capital of the world, outpacing that of India which was known for that recognition for man...
Best of Filipino programs with DirecTV
By Henry Rollin in Arts-and-Entertainment
Are you looking for the best value entertainment in Filipino language? Well, your search should stop at DirecTV. Being the premier television provider, this Satellite TV provider has created a milestone in offering best of programs in Filipino language. T...


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Q: How to avoid Outlook Security Alert when sending Outlook message from VBScript? I have this situation:

*

*Code must be in VBScript (outside of my control)

*Unable to disable programmatic access restrictions in Outlook preferences (group policy, not admin, and Windows doesn't recognize the valid virus scanner which is installed)

*Can't use SMTP because it is disallowed.

I thought there would be no way to send an email using Outlook in an automated-ish manner (on an unattended box logged in as a user with the screen locked). I tried many different approaches but would always get the security warning message. How can I fix this?
I've already tried everything at this helpful site and eliminated each option as follows:

Strategies
  Ideally, applications that automate Outlook should avoid code that triggers these security prompts.

This is exactly what I ended up doing (see my answer below), which is why all of the other options on that page are irrelevant. Let's take them one by one:

Sending messages
  It is not necessary to use Outlook objects at all if your goal is simply to create and send an email message. Microsoft provides the CDO for Windows library for creating and sending messages with SMTP. Using this library totally bypasses Outlook and MAPI and does not trigger security prompts. For code samples, see ...

SMTP. No-go. Disallowed by network policy.

Use Extended MAPI instead of Outlook objects, Simple MAPI, or CDO 1.21 for all code that potentially triggers security prompts.

Extended MAPI may work, but it is extremely cumbersome and verbose and involves lots of C/C++ code (which is not on topic for this question; see above), and seems to be impossible to use it without prompting the user for their password.

Use a third-party library -- Redemption or MAPI33 -- for all code that potentially triggers security prompts. This approach is easier than using Extended MAPI, which has a steep learning curve, and almost as secure. These libraries also offer additional features to help with Outlook code projects.

The problem with third-party libraries is four-fold:
 - They cost money;
 - They introduce licensing issues even if they're free (some organizations require extensive vetting from lawyers before allowing the software into the ecosystem);
 - Most environments where this entire problem is even a concern are those where the user cannot disable programmatic access warnings in Outlook options. Hmm, what possible cases would those be? Could it be... corporate environments? Procurement of software in a corporate environment takes an excessively long time, to the point of being impractical unless the cost savings of using it will exceed several million dollars. But there are many practical process improvements that can be made which do not yield as high of a cost savings, but would cost more money and labor to procure the third-party software than the total savings, if software procurement is necessary.
 - Network administrators may not trust the software to reside on a system, since it could be used for malicious purposes.

Deploy with your application a tool to suppress the security prompts.

This assumes that suppression of the OMG prompts is necessary, which, in my case, it is not, just to send a simple email (see my answer).

For Outlook 2007, make sure the machine is running an up-to-date anti-virus application and do all coding with Outlook objects, avoiding CDO 1.21 and Simple MAPI code.

The virus scanner is up to date, but it is completely out of my control to change its version or vendor, and Outlook doesn't recognize it. It says: "Antivirus status: Invalid. This version of Windows supports antivirus detection, but no antivirus was found."

In Outlook custom form code, Outlook VBA code, and COM add-ins, derive all objects from the Outlook.Application object provided by VBA or the add-in architecture. For example, see the sample VBA "run a script" rule procedure below.

Interesting, and possibly useful, but not necessary. This creates an unnecessary dependency on setting up a rule in Outlook in order to deploy the software, which complicates deployment.

Deploy Outlook security settings that "trust" certain COM add-ins or that allow all applications to have unrestricted access to certain features, such as accessing addresses. In versions before Outlook 2007, this requires Microsoft Exchange Server. For Outlook 2007, see the section on version-specific considerations below.

Cumbersome: administrative access would be needed to install a COM add-in, and it can be hard to come by administrative access in some organizations.

In a corporate environment where Exchange is the email server, direct access to the data on the server is available through the WebDAV API beginning with Exchange 2000 and, starting with Exchange 2007, through Exchange Web Services.

Disabled in my environment, and likely others.

In a corporate environment, the administrator may choose to loosen Outlook security for some or all users.

Sure, but this requires communication/coordination/cooperation with the network team. If administrative access is not available for installing a COM addin, it probably is not available for loosening group policy, either.

A: This code works on my system with Outlook 2010 to send an email with no user interaction. It's slightly brittle, in that, if the user happens to be actively working on the system (typing, clicking) when the mail is composed, it could occur that user input makes its way into the window that pops up for a split second, and either interfere with the sending of the mail, or add extra unknown characters into the body of the mail.
As long as the user on whose system this is running is aware of this, and the potential consequences of spurious keystroke interference are not business-critical, this function is acceptable.
Important to note: the key to this solution is that we do not call the MailItem.Send method. This is the method that triggers the programmatic access protection. Instead, we trigger the ALT+s shortcut, which by default, when a mail window has focus in Outlook, presses the "Send" button. If you have the default spell checking prompt enabled, this will pop up a further prompt for spellchecking. Our solution was to disable the spellchecking prompt, although I'm sure you could add some more SendKeys to click through it, since the spellchecking prompt is not a security-related dialog.
A note about UIPI (User Interface Privilege Isolation):
Outlook 2010 runs as the user who logged into the system, with a Medium integrity level. Programs which are launched by Windows Explorer, or started as a child or descendant of a program which was launched in a similar way, will also be launched with a Medium integrity level. UIPI is not effective at preventing "SendKeys" type input, as long as the user and session ID match, and the integrity level is the same or higher. In my particular environment, the user and session ID are identical, and the integrity level is the same for the VBScript host process and the Outlook process. In your environment, if any of these conditions are false, this code will not work. It is also untested on earlier or later versions of Office than version 2010.
Sub SendEmail_Outlook()
    Set WshShell = WScript.CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
    Set ol=CreateObject("Outlook.Application")
    Set Mail=ol.CreateItem(0)
    Mail.to= "you@example.com"
    Mail.Subject = "test"
    Mail.HTMLBody = "test"
    Mail.Display
    WshShell.SendKeys "%s"
    Set Mail = Nothing
    Set ol = Nothing
End Sub

SendEmail_Outlook

Also, here is how to make this work when running the VBScript from Windows Task Scheduler. Just tick the box depicted by the red oval, "Run With Highest Privileges", to make it run with the highest possible integrity level without UAC elevation ("Medium" if you are not an administrator account).


It may be in the nick of time, by the seat of our pants and the hair of our chinny chin chins, not on time, but in time, and better late than never, hanging on by a thread of a shoestring caught in the skin of our teeth, but we will get there. Failure is not an option.
I am still in awe of this setting and of what the Mann family created thirty-plus years ago. Of the vision that took.
One fine and frosty October morning.
"I'm a lumberjack and I'm okay!" Dave's dear friend gave us a woodstove and one of his customers gifted us with all the fallen wood we could take from his property in Antrim Dells. Huge!
This is the road by Nonny's property in Antrim Dells. Lovely and sacred grounds.
We had an unseasonably warm December and we ain't complainin'.
One of my many favorite things: Petoskey and other local stones scattered throughout the property.
Spotted this one in the driveway after a December rain spell.
Lexi and Shane, bearing gifts of presence and sunshine, books, good conversation, and music. And that's all I need.
Sometimes you have to wait in line, but it's worth it.
Our spokesmodel, welcoming in the New Year. Our family hashtag for 2015 was #makeitpay. We started 2016 with #leavethatshitbehindin2015, in honor of our renewed goals and purpose(s).
Have I mentioned how much I LOVE the colors of our sign?
Oh, Building Number Two. We'll get back to you shortly.
Sometimes I forget how much I actually enjoy January snow. It was an extra good thing for us this year; the insulation protected the sewer lines from freezing.
I find the courtyard beautiful and mood lifting in every season.
It's February and, "We're still smiling!" It's true. We may struggle, but that's part of the fun, right, honey?
According to Abbie, spring has already sprung. Our walks are getting longer as the piles of snow get smaller. She can't get enough of the smells.
This picture doesn't capture it, but I love looking out my window and seeing that pop of color on the billboard sign. Thanks again, Tricia and Phil, for getting me.
Dave, still smiling after clearing out the mess at the end of the driveway and by the mailbox. He'll do.
The snow is clearing out, and soon we'll be back to work finishing the exterior paint and repairs. Hooray!
We're nearing the end of February now, and the early thaw has allowed us a peek into some of the guest rooms. It shouldn't be a surprise to find that all the work we did last year is still done, but it makes me giddy nonetheless.
It won't be long before we're back to work in the courtyard and gardens, mowing the lawn, and tearing up more of that damned autumn olive. We'll settle on an exterior door color and finish fixing the trim and fascia we didn't get to last year. We'll get the kitchenette room put back together and the last few rooms painted. And we'll paint the other halves of the signs!
It is a seemingly endless list of things to do, but it is doable and we are not daunted by it. We are entering this season so far ahead of where we were at this time last year. Summer reservations are starting to come in and a few weekends have almost sold out. Today, I had the pleasure of talking to a lovely bride-to-be who is sending out of town guests our direction. It feels like we're finding our niche, and I couldn't be more thrilled.
We are so grateful to have this place and this opportunity to make our dreams come true. We look forward to meeting new guests and welcoming back return visitors. We remain humbled by all the support and love we have received before and throughout the course of this project. We will try our best to do right by it.
Best wishes to all for a safe and blessed 2016. Many happy returns.


Whether you are fresh out of high school, or you are actively working in the field and are interested in continuing your education to expand your career opportunities, the School of Nursing has a program appropriate for you.
The programs are demanding and rewarding, and they work toward a common goal of preparing students through classroom and field exercises to be competent professionals in the workplace. Explore this Web site to learn more about the programs and resources available to students.


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Assessment /
Mass Communication Essay Sample
Category: assessment policy
Evaluation is a policy tool which is used to steer, manage and improve the activities of and investments in public sector research organisations. It is also used to change the distribution of funding among research organisations. Modes and mechanisms of evaluation have been developing over recent decades as budget holders have demanded accountability for public money spent, in common with other areas of public expenditure. In addition to simply justifying research budgets at a political level is the desire for evaluation to reveal the breadth of impacts of research, and the relative academic quality of research organisations and the research which is formative evaluation. It will then move on to discuss how it can be used to enhance program development and a conclusion will follow.
A comprehensive program evaluation ideally includes both formative and summative components. Both approaches can examine how an intervention was implemented, the barriers and facilitators to implementation, and the effects of the intervention on various outcomes. Although both components can provide feedback on the effectiveness of an intervention and offer ways to improve it, they differ in frequency, aim, and focus. Formative evaluations stress engagement with stakeholders when the intervention is being developed and as it is being implemented, to identify when it is not being delivered as planned or not having the intended effects, and to modify the intervention accordingly. The stakeholders include payers, clinicians, practice staff, patients and their caregivers, and other decision makers.
a formative evaluation focuses attention on ongoing, midstream assessments that feed information back to intervention implementers, allowing them to make real-time adaptations and refinements to ineffective aspects of an intervention. Formative feedback often leads to decisions about program development (such as whether to modify or revise the intervention), whereas summative feedback often leads to decisions about whether to ultimately continue, expand, or adopt the program (Worthen, Sanders, and Fitzpatrick, 1997). Implementing complex interventions in complex settings (such as the PCMH) is a difficult task that requires researchers and program managers to have a clear understanding of what should be implemented, how to best implement a suggested strategy, which elements may hinder or facilitate the implementation process, and why a strategy did or did not work once implemented. A formative evaluation can provide this information on an ongoing basis as the intervention is being delivered. Stetler, Legro, Smith, et al. (2006) conceptualize four components of a formative evaluation according to whether each occurs before, during, or after intervention implementation. Complete a needs assessment.
Formative evaluations focus on pre-planning for the intervention design before it is implemented, which Stetler, Legro, Smith, et al. (2006) term the developmental component. Before the intervention begins, the evaluator conducts a needs assessment about areas where the practice should focus improvements by understanding the context the practice operates in, potential barriers and facilitators to practice change, and the feasibility of implementing the intervention as initially designed. Stetler, Legro, Smith, et al. (2006) also describe three other components that can occur during or after a formative evaluation: (1) an implementation-focused analysis, (2) a progress-focused analysis, and (3) analysis of interpretive data. An implementation-focused analysis assesses discrepancies between the implementation plan and the execution of that plan. This can include assessing fidelity to the implementation strategy and the clinical intervention, understanding the nature and implications of local adaptation, identifying barriers, identifying new intervention components or refining the original strategy to optimize the potential for success, and identifying the critical details necessary to replicate the implementation strategy in other settings.
Data sources might include semistructured interviews with stakeholders, structured surveys, focus groups, direct observations through site visits, document reviews, electronic health records or charts, and management information systems. A progress-focused analysis monitors progress toward implementation and improvement goals during the intervention. Outcomes for the intervention practices are monitored on an ongoing basis. For example, audit and feedback of clinical performance data can give providers and practices data on key process and patient outcome indicators that can be used to refine the intervention during implementation. This information may also be used as positive reinforcement for high performers and as encouragement for low performers. Intervention impacts can then be estimated by comparing the outcomes of intervention practices with those of a comparison group to determine whether the intervention is having the intended effects on quality, cost, and patient and provider experience. Data sources for the progress-focused analysis typically include claims or billing data, electronic health records or charts, and structured surveys.
The main advantage of a formative approach is that it encourages mid-stream modifications to improve the intervention, rather than taking a more "hands-off" approach for the sake of research objectivity. If interim feedback can provide insights about ways to improve the intervention, this information can be used to increase the chances of implementation success and also focus resources most efficiently (Worthen, Sanders, and Fitzpatrick,1997). Although formative evaluations are useful for a variety of interventions, they are particularly useful for helping to refine wide-ranging and complex PCMH interventions. Primary care practices often implement multiple intervention components concurrently, and these components interact with the practice and external setting. Therefore, there are numerous possibilities for implementing each intervention component and for them to interact with one another. For example, suppose that a practice would like to provide after-hours care to its patients. Depending on the context, the practice could implement the intervention by establishing a nurse call line, rotating physician coverage, establishing an agreement with a local after-hours clinic, or sharing coverage with another practice.
The providers could use ongoing formative feedback to continually improve the delivery of their complex intervention. Formative evaluations present several challenges for researchers. Formative evaluations are time- and resource- intensive because they require frequent data collection, analysis, and reporting, as well as rapid refinement of the intervention strategy as new information about implementation effectiveness becomes available. Formative feedback leads to real-time refinements to the intervention, which makes this evaluation component a part of the intervention itself. Although this maximizes the chances of program success, it also raises a question as to whether the intervention would work if replicated without the formative evaluation component. To be successful, ongoing PCMH interventions may wish to include formative feedback. This feedback might come from data or feedback reports from payers about the patients' quality and cost outcomes, information the practices collect from patients using surveys or other feedback mechanisms, and process and outcome metrics the practices collect using their own internal tracking systems.
Ultimately, formative feedback should be viewed as an integral part of the delivery of PCMH models and other complex health services interventions. This rapid refinement process also poses several methodological challenges when trying to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Outcomes can only be measured during the period when a particular variant of the intervention was implemented, which may lead to short followup periods—with corresponding smaller sample sizes—and less power to detect overall intervention effects. In addition, it is difficult to determine when a change in the intervention will emerge in outcomes. When evaluators examine the entire time frame of the intervention, estimated effects will reflect the combined effects of the different variants of the intervention over time, essentially estimating an average treatment effect rather than the effectiveness of any one version of the evolving intervention.
Initial Assessment programme
The Function of Assessment
Understanding The Principles And Practices Of Assessment