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How to use Gauge in a sentence
You can gauge the risk.
His tone was unassuming, but his gaze was intent, as if he were trying to gauge if she recognized him or not.
Narrow gauge and normal gauge railways of local interest covered 3905 m.
The gauge throughout is 2 ft.
Cutting heavy gauge wire with your good pair of wire cutters may dull the blades.
Gauge is not important for this project.
You also want to gauge your level of activity.
It doesn't take much to gauge what people are talking about or "Tweeting" about your brand.
The body of the still is provided with one or more openings at different heights to serve for the discharge of the residue in the still, and sometimes with a glass gauge to record the quantity of matter in the still.
When the bars are nearly to gauge, light pinches are given, the power required by finishing rolls being about 5 h.p. only.
The railway consists of a single line, one-metre gauge, from Teheran to Shah-abdul-Azim, south of TeherAn, and of two branch lines which connect the main line with some limestone quarries in the hills south-east of the city.
Always check your gauge by knitting several rows.
The site helps with information regarding the size needles or hook you need, amount of yarn, difficulty level, finished measurements, gauge and helpful tips.
Just be sure you check the gauge and that the yarn you use is compatible with the pattern.
Instead, they'll identify a yarn weight and hook size to get the right gauge.
If you spy a pattern you like and you can get gauge with a cotton yarn, go ahead and try it.
Simple quizzes to gauge grocery shopping habits, emotional eating tendencies, types of dieters, a chocoholic predisposition, and more.
They also provide you with a means to gauge portion size, which is probably one of the most difficult aspects of healthy eating.
This information can be helpful for planning your workouts and giving you a means to gauge your progress.
More advanced athletes can use this data to gauge the effectiveness of their training strategies, and beginners or those with health conditions are safe to have a canary that warns them to back off if they exceed a safe level of exertion.
While you sleep, it keeps track of your heart rate and can help you gauge how restful your night was.
Pre-planning will help you gauge your success.
To help you gauge if you are ready, the first DVD of the program, which consists of 10 DVDs total, contains the Insanity Fit Test.
Unfortunately, there's no easy way to gauge whether or not you're experiencing an increase in testosterone with exercise.
Use a thermometer with an alarm to gauge this exact point.
You could interpret the price you're offered for a policy as a gauge of your health.
To gauge the amount of money you will be paying for life insurance, you may want to look into obtaining a set rate that never changes as long you keep the same coverage level.
Visit store sale racks often, to gauge when certain lingerie pieces go on sale.
Intimo pajamas are made of 100% heavy gauge silk that can be machine washed on cold.
His profound knowledge of popular assemblies enabled him, alone among contemporary sovereigns, accurately to gauge from the first the scope and bearing of the French Revolution.
From Kalabas Kraal on the Cape TownClanwilliam railway, a narrow gauge line runs via Hopefield to Hoetjes Bay-126 m.
The standard gauge in South Africa is 3 ft., 6 in.
Another line (179 m.) on a two-foot gauge runs N.W.
If any observations exist upon the drainage area itself they are commonly only from a single gauge, and this gauge, unless the area is very level, may give results widely different from the mean fall on the whole area.
Thus on the average, gauge C recorded 20% more than gauge D only ft.
Such examples show the importance of placing any rain-gauge, so far as possible, upon a plane surface of the earth - horizontal, or so inclined that, if produced, especially in the direction of prevailing winds, it will cut the mean levels of the area whose mean rainfall is intended to be represented by that gauge.
Then, in order to connect with these the effect of the rightand left-hand slopes, there should be at least one gauge on each side about the middle height, and approximatel y in a line perpendicular to the axis of the valley passing through the central gauge.
The gauge in the bottom of the valley farthest from the source will in a wide valley generally record the least rainfall, and one of those on the south-west side, the highest.
Each gauge should have for io or 15 yds.
The earliest records of such gauges should be carefully examined, and if any apparently anomalous result is obtained, the cause should be traced, and when not found in the gauge itself, or in its treatment, other gauges should be used to check it.
The central gauge is useful for correcting and checking the others, but in such a perfectly simple case as the straight valley above assumed it may be omitted in calculating the results, and if the other four gauges are properly placed, the arithmetical mean of their results will probably not differ widely from the true mean for the valley.
Thus in any period of 50 years the driest year (not at an individual gauge but upon such an area) will be about 63% of the mean for the 50 years.
The gauge has a plain dial, marked off to indications given by the application of standard tons and cwts.; it could probably be read to about 2% of the load weighed.
At this place was a gauge for measuring the discharge of the river.
Farther south a narrow gauge (60 cm.) railway III m.
In northern Angola the railway (metre gauge) from Loanda was carried to Malanje (375 m.) and was bought in July 1918 by the Portuguese Government.
The steepness of the Lebanon railway, and the break of gauge at Rayak, the junction for Aleppo, have prevented the diversion of much of the trade of North Syria to Beirut.
For strategical reasons the Spanish gauge was made different from that of France; and military considerations long postponed the construction of any railway across the Pyrenees.
Second only to the compass in its value to the sailor is Thomson's sounding apparatus, whereby soundings can be taken in 100 fathoms by a ship steaming at 16 knots; and by the employment of piano-wire of a breaking strength of 140 tons per square inch and an iron sinker weighing only 34 lb, with a selfregistering pressure gauge, soundings can be rapidly taken in deep ocean.
Thomson's tide gauge, tidal harmonic analyser and tide predicter are famous, and among his work in the interest of navigation must be mentioned his tables for the simplification of Sumner's method for determining the position of a ship at sea.
She didn't like the ominous words and looked up at Dustin again, seeking to gauge just how serious the situation was.
Darkyn was always right; the sense he gave her to gauge when someone around her had an ulterior motive was tingling.
In some cases the gauge is laid a little wider than the standard, and there are varying amounts of superelevation of the outer rail; but the most formidable factor in the production of resistance is the guard-rail, which is sometimes put in with the object of guiding the wheel which runs on the inner rail of the curve on the inside of the flange.
The average acceleration in feet per second is measured by the fraction Change of speed in feet per sec. 60.07-58.6 64 tons; and to obtain the horse-power the boiler will be one of the largest that can be built to the construction gauge.
These are received upon a railway made of two strips of angle iron of the proper gauge for the wheels, and are locked fast by a latch falling over their ends.
Rivet bars tested on a gauge length eight times the diameter must have a tensile strength of 26 to 30 tons per sq.
The difference proceeded almost to the point of war; but at the last moment Ranjit Singh gave way, and for the future faithfully observed his engagements with the British, whose rising power he was wise enough to gauge.
Clarke, then inspector-general of fortifications, Itrongly urged this plan, and proposed to begin at once a metre gauge railway from Suakin, to be constructed by Indian labor ander officers skilled in laying desert lines.
This combination allows your doctor to accurately gauge your newborn baby's health, discovering potential problems early so that they can be treated before they become more serious issues.
If you buy aluminum, you want a thicker rather than a thinner gauge.
Read the editorials and articles to gauge whether the people behind the site really know their cigars.
This is important to do because you'll be able to gauge whether or not the association can pay for damages that might occur within your condo.
Check the gauge of the steel before buying.
Another piece that can be upgraded at a later date according to your needs, the miter gauge will guide wood through your saw.
When checking a table saw and considering its purchase, examine the miter gauge for any potential movement.
At Crate and Barrel, you'll find a non-stick, heavy gauge steel muffin pan that won't rust or warp.
Use the four descriptions below to gauge your usage.
This can help you gauge whether or not the animal you are considering comes from a healthy breeding line.
Some are made from wood while others are made of heavy-duty gauge steel.
The higher the number, the thinner the metal, so Klean Kanteen uses only strong and thick 18 gauge, food-grade stainless steel.
Also, by starting with a low dosage, you can gauge your reaction to the herb and see if you incur any side effects before beginning a large dose.
Then, you'll need 18 gauge wire, which you will form into a circle slightly larger than the base of candles you'll be using.
Taking 22 gauge wire, attach your tree trimmings to the wire circle until completely cover.
Remember that bold prints and bright or dark colors make a small room look smaller, so gauge your décor accordingly.
With this information, you'll be able to both gauge the right scale for the pieces you plan to bring into the room and try out different looks and styles.
There are several questions to ask yourself to gauge whether or not your home has resale value.
Whenever you shop online, you must rely on the photos provided by the website to gauge the quality and colors of your purchases.
Inexpensive rods made of plastic or thin gauge metals will bend or break.
In fact, players of all ages can use a digital animal to gauge their readiness for adding a new furry member to the family.
The only way you can gauge how much stress you should have before a test is to ask yourself if your anxiety is manageable.
Another move toward progress is to gauge the atmosphere in common rooms such as school computer labs.
While you can't gauge popularity all the time, you can gauge a group of a teen's friends.
Being alone with her also gives you a chance to gauge her reaction, and if things don't go well, there aren't a lot of people to witness it.
Another way to gauge how long your thank you note should be is to think about what you want to say.
As far as what other songs to play during the reception, use the age and musical tastes of the guests as a gauge.
The cake is already brown, of course, so stick a toothpick in the center to gauge whether it's done.
Before you start, it's helpful to have an accurate gauge of your skill level as a cake decorator so you can choose a design that matches well with your abilities.
The difference here is that these challenges are designed to test the contestant's musical abilities and gauge how they can adapt to the "country lifestyle."
Walk on the boardwalk, pan for gold or take a ride on the narrow gauge railway.
As a pet owner, this leisurely inspection is your opportunity to preview the park's rules as well as gauge its safety for your pet in relation to other dog breeds present.
There are a minimum of two steel grid window vents on the crate sides, and a heavy gauge steel grid door on the front.
Heavy Duty 7-11 gauge wire crates are also commonly used by dog show exhibitors and breeders, although they do not meet shipping standards for airline use.
Inspect the animal's home for cleanliness and watch the dog interact with people and other animals to gauge its temperament.
A simple rain gauge can help you tell if your pumpkins have enough water or nor.
New Strings - One important thing to make sure of is that the new strings you are putting on the guitar are the same gauge as the previous strings you had installed.
For example, if you were using light gauge strings and you put medium gauge strings on your guitar, it will affect the guitar's set up and could negatively impact its performance.
Your guitar is in a state of balance when it is set up properly, and using the same gauge strings assures that that balance will be maintained after a string change.
Of course, you will also need a new set of strings that are the same gauge or thickness as the strings you are taking off.
If you replace your guitar's old strings with new strings of a different gauge, your guitar's intonation - or its ability to stay in tune with itself up the length of the neck - will be thrown off.
The cables used in cable lighting systems are Kevlar reinforced, tin plated, 10 gauge cables.
Thicker gauge tiles will last longer when installed in high traffic areas.
Place attic rulers in certain spots to help you gauge how deep you're making the insulation, keeping the installation even.
The lower the gauge number, the thicker the steel on your sink will be.
While this may not seem like a large concern, the gauge of your bar sink can have an effect on its functionality and sound.
This presents two problems for the homeowner; the corners of the sink are thinner in gauge than the side walls, which can lead to separation over time.
They are tighter, stronger and the same gauge throughout.
Ask about the construction of the sink and the sink's gauge to get the best quality product; all companies have multiple shapes and styles for you to choose from.
Barbell style belly button rings are measured in length and thickness, or gauge.
Although most used jewelry professionals and pawnshop owners are honest, selling pieces in person gives you a chance to gauge the buyer's reactions and avoid shady deals.
You can tell when you are getting close to the player's secret by using the color chart to gauge how she is reacting to the questions.
You can show some flair with a nice vintage tie and matching handkerchief, but gauge your workplace carefully to be sure this is acceptable.
Many of the pictures feature the coats without models, which makes it harder to gauge their fit, so you will have to make some inquiries before you decide to purchase.
They are made from a heavy gauge silk and are either dry clean or machine washable.
These pajamas are made from heavy gauge silk and are similar to the ones worn by Hugh Hefner.
Always work up a test swatch to check for discrepancies in gauge.
Using that gauge, four inches is equal to 22 stiches x 4 rows.
It is perfect for use with sizes 3 through 5 knitting needles and you can expect a gauge of about six stitches per inch.
While it's easier for a beginning knitter to work with a pattern that gives the exact stitch count for your size, depending on your gauge, all patterns can be resized.
Besides determining your gauge, which you must do for every project and can learn easily from any knitting book, a more experienced knitter can help you size the pattern so that your finished project will fit perfectly.
You can find a decent selection to browse at Woman Within, although you should note that they do not use plus size models, so it may be harder to gauge whether an item will work for your body.
Prior to purchasing one, Sleep Number bed reviews can be in use to help gauge whether the investment in this type of bed is worthwhile.
A mask sizing gauge can help you find the perfect fit, and a sleep comfort care pad can address possible leaks.
It will also let you gauge how flattering an eye color is on you, let try out multiple colors without spending a lot of money, and make sure the fit is just what you need to look believable and feel as comfortable as a contact lens can.
That's the only gauge you'll have outside of the overall shape and the color to base your purchasing decision on.
Be careful not to damage your car and keep an eye on your fuel gauge, or risk losing the big race.
Further, magic potions have been replaced with special moves that consume a portion of a character's new, regenerating mana gauge and are triggered by using the R1 button.
Madden 09 uses the preseason as a gauge to increase or decrease ratings based on performances.
Use this time to gauge GameFly's shipping speeds and determine if the service is worth your time and money.
Use the library time frame to gauge an appropriate time, usually two weeks.
It shows you how much time has elapsed during flight, the status of your landing gear and throttle, a damage meter, a sea level altimeter, and airspeed indicator and a fuel gauge.
Street Fighter Alpha had improved graphics, a super combo gauge and enhanced character background stories.
The higher-end models usually have a temperature control gauge where you set the desired temperature and let it go.
A wine temperature gauge measures a cellar's conditions, making it easy to determine how long to chill a bottle of wine.
Temperate gauge - These infrared gauges actually measure the temperature of the liquid in the bottle so you know how long to chill the wine.
One method used to identify antique trains is through the track width, which is known as the gauge.
The gauge is the measurement of the distance between the rails inner edges.
Standard gauge was introduced by the Lionel Company in the early 1900s.
This gauge became popular in the United States and measures 2 1/8 inches.
Sometimes you can gauge the value of an item by how much someone purchased it for in the past - but not always.
Check consumer RV magazines to try to gauge when is the best time to buy.
Many doctors will also order a series of tests to gauge the extent of damage done by GERD.
Mercury levels in hair may be used to gauge the severity of chronic mercury exposure.
Both sounds are recorded on the mercury gauge on the sphygmomanometer.
Piercing is performed quickly and without anesthesia by either a spring-loaded ear-piercing gun or piercing needles, with the needle diameter varying from six to 18 gauge.
They should have a general physical examination to gauge their general health and uncover any deficiencies.
When you first arrive at the club, take some time to gauge the atmosphere and the people around you before you hit the dance floor.
It is best to remove hairs in small, thin lines first to avoid removing too much hair, and double-check frequently during the procedure to gauge the results.
Before opting for a completely different look for your prom style, it is important to gauge whether or not a fancy style is too much for your look.
Don't buy an extension that you can't touch; it's hard to gauge the quality of the hair through cellophane.
This can create a very complicated barrier between parent and child because it is difficult to gauge the overall success of the child's progress on a day-to-day basis when one is isolated from the subject matter.
Consider starting with summer employment fishing for salmon to gauge whether the lifestyle is suitable or not.
A paid service may also have more options for users to investigate and manipulate, letting them anticipate changes and gauge results with a higher degree of accuracy.
These kinds of pets may also be a good way to gauge your child's responsibility level if you're thinking about getting a new pet.
They are the only people who can accurately gauge your situation and come up with a diagnosis and treatment plan.That said, people can often treat their vitamin deficiencies with simple changes to their diet.
The tough heavy gauge denim appealed to this market of men, but it was the cowboy market that would ultimately put Lee Riders on the map.
For Hamilton Beach products, Parts Town offers a blender clutch, extractor funnel, fill cap, blender repair kit, water gauge and blender motor.
The boiler pressure gauge measures the pressure of the water forced through the espresso.
If using a grill rotisserie, you may not have a temperature gauge, so set the flame on high and check periodically.
Electric models have a thermostat or gauge to regulate the temperature during the cooking process.
However, consumers should look for some universal features such as a varying temperature gauge, an automatic shut off feature and a sleek design.
Additionally, we have equipped the Vantage with an intuitive eco-monitor to gauge water and energy use over time, so that consumers can see the impact HE machines can have in terms they understand.
It is possible to go overboard, so gauge accordingly.
Taking advantage of these online resources will give you the discretion you need and also the ability to gauge your potential partners more accurately through the information provided in dating profiles.
Knowing how to make a good impression, avoiding common mistakes, and understanding how to gauge what a woman really wants are all great dating tips to help men attain quality women.
Ask lots of questions during the communication process to gauge the true intentions of someone before agreeing to meet him or her in person.
While physical attraction shouldn't be the guiding force for any relationship, this type of a date can help a person gauge whether or not there's that "chemistry" he or she is looking for in a potential mate.
A good way to gauge how this will go is to mention one or both subjects in passing and see how the other person reacts.
This male flirting signal is also a way for men to gauge your interest.
Each De Beers stone is scanned to gauge its perfection before it is deemed suitable.
If the seller represents a jeweler, visit their website to see their standard products and gauge the listed prices.
Buyers must be able to gauge basic stone quality even before a gem is cut.
Only you can read your future spouse well enough to gauge whether the bridal jewelry is one place to ignore what's hot this year and go with a traditional piece instead.
A home sizer, however, is useful for getting a good gauge as to a ring size.
Just don't expect to be able to gauge how many carats your friends' rings contain by looks alone!
The purpose of a query letter is to allow an editor to quickly gauge your writing style, your sense of professionalism, and whether or not the idea you're proposing is suitable for the publication.
So people who already know you simply can't provide a reliable gauge of whether your jokes are actually funny.
Compatibility can be difficult to gauge, but astrology can help sort out the strengths and weaknesses of any pairing.
In astrology, there are numerous ways to gauge compatibility.
Most people first turn to the sun signs to gauge whether or not a match is a good one.
Unless you know the child extremely well, it can be difficult to gauge someone else's taste.
Gauge your child's reaction to see how interested she is in the classroom and surroundings.
You will also want to gauge your child's readiness for business.
Those with obsessive-compulsive disorders could use the toy to gauge their anxiety levels and medication could be regulated accordingly.
They claim this information is passed on to the studio so that they can gauge customer interest.
During times like these, it's always helpful to have several people around you to gauge opinions and even be the final shove you need to get rid of a specific scene.
Writing about the pace of a movie makes a review more useful to readers because they can gauge their interest in the movie.
The following test is a common technique that many people use to gauge their current abilities, and it's going to require some deep relaxation and meditation in order to produce the best results.
It's simply designed to help you gauge your powers of perception wherever you are at this point in your life.
Ultimately, the best test you can conduct on a past life is to gauge how you feel about the information you've gleaned from your regression.
Similarly, when buying something online, one cannot guarantee that the person will deliver the item or that it will be of the same quality and condition promised, but one typically does gauge the risk and then hope for the best.
According to the Fuel Gauge Report, updated daily by AAA, the cheapest gas prices can be found in the state of Missouri.
While size is a general gauge, you may find that you wear a different size shoe depending on the style, so going strictly by the numbers won't always provide you with the proper-fitting shoe.
Besides great updates, you will also receive daily news feeds and have access to message boards so you can gauge the reactions of other diehard fans.
If you want a larger gauge for your facial piercing, most experts recommended stating with a 1.2mm gauge and then increasing it to 1.6mm.
Tongue, nipples and belly button piercings are usually done with a 1.6mm gauge.
Some may be small, while others take up every inch of arm space - however you gauge it, celebrities love the look of a celtic cross, and people like Justin Timberlake and Robbie Williams are sporting the design.
This process allows the piercee to wear larger gauge jewelry without having to endure the slow process of stretching.
Those who love scuba diving and water sports will want to look at the Sea Pathfinder, which is available with a depth gauge, diving log and more.
The model features sport timing functions, which includes an altimeter and temperature gauge.
Because of this element of the condition, it can be very difficult to gauge the intelligence of the child.
Practice waiting just 10 seconds for a response to gauge how challenging this can be, especially in a classroom environment.
Some resources can help teachers develop teaching strategies, create an effective learning environment and gauge behavior.
If possible, take along a friend and listen for noises, check knobs and controls to make sure they work, and bring along a tire pressure gauge to check the tires.
While the time machine in the movie must reach 88 mile per hour to function, the actual speed gauge on the DeLorean car only goes up to 85 miles per hour.
On most manual cars, there is a gauge on the dashboard called the tachometer.
The red area of the gauge, called the "red line," signifies RPMs that are too high for your engine.
Monster Auto is one more Canadian auto website that lets you examine classified car listings in order to gauge the current value of your own used car.
If you're experiencing any situation where the temperature gauge drifts to the upper end of the scale, do not keep the engine running.
Local competition is a gauge to ensure only the best and most prepared squads go on to compete with different squads in a farther reaching area.
Another way to do this is to look at the gauge listed on the pattern.
If it says the pattern requires 5 stitches per inch on size ten needles, look around at the yarn in your favorite crafts or knitting store to find something with an equivalent gauge.
To ensure that your work turns out looking (and fitting) the way it is supposed to, your pattern will also include a gauge measurement.
Gauge has to do with how many stitches fit in an inch and how many rows knit in pattern make an inch or four inches.
The best way to tell what size your needles are is to invest in a gauge ruler.
This little metal ruler is much more portable than a standard ruler or tape measure, so you can carry it around in your bag to measure gauge swatches, but it also has holes that correspond to the size of most common needle sizes.
Cast on enough stitches to make a scarf about six inches wide (check the gauge chart on the yarn label to see how many stitches that might be).
I'll probably choose a nice but plainish yarn (meaning nothing with a lumpy texture) and determine the recommended gauge for said yarn.
If I had a pattern for a scarf similar to the length I was looking for and around the same gauge as the yarn I was looking at, I might assume that the yardage requirements would be similar.
Sizes for needlepoint needles range from 13 to 26; the higher the number the smaller the gauge of canvas it should be used with.
It's easy to browse yarns on this site by brand, fiber content, texture, color and gauge, which is very cool when you've got an old pattern designed for yarn that is no longer available.
You'll need to measure yourself to get the most accurate gauge of whether a vintage piece will fit you.
The invitation is the first hint guests receive about the tone of the event, and matching the type of invitation to the event itself helps guests gauge what to expect.
When these programs are picked up, their runs are very limited so the network can gauge their popularity before renewing.
If possible, ask for a take-home sample of the product (enough to last at least a week) in order to gauge how your skin responds.
It is not quite easy to see why he abandoned this successful policy in order to hasten on a war with Sparta, and neither the Corcyrean alliance nor the Megarian decree seems justified by the facts as known to us, though commercial motives may have played a part which we cannot now gauge.
It is met at several points by lines which serve the rich mining districts to the south; at Cobre by the Nevada Northern from Ely in White Pine county in the Robinson copper mining district; at Palisade by the Eureka & Palisade, a narrow-gauge railway, connecting with the lead and silver mines of the Eureka District; at Battle Mountain by the Nevada Central, also of narrow gauge, from Austin; at Hazen by the Nevada & California (controlled by the Southern Pacific) which runs to the California line, connecting in that state with other parts of the Southern Pacific system, and at Mina, Nevada, with the Tonopah & Goldfield, which runs to Tonopah and thence to Goldfield, thus giving these mining regions access to the Southern Pacific's transcontinental service; and at Reno, close to the western boundary, by the Virginia & Truckee, connecting with Carson City, Minden, in the Carson Valley, and Virginia City, in the Comstock District, and by the Nevada-California-Oregon, projected to run through north-eastern California into Oregon, in 1910, in operation to Alturas, California.
If the impression left upon current thought can be estimated from certain of the utterances of the court-prophet Isaiah and the Judaean countryman Micah, the light which these throw upon internal conditions must also be used to gauge the real extent of the religious changes ascribed to Hezekiah.
Medical science has never gauged, perhaps never enough set itself to gauge the intimate connexion between moral fault and disease.
It is the terminus of the Nevada County Narrow Gauge railway, which connects with the Southern Pacific railway at Colfax, '23 m.
A state railway on the metre gauge from Wadhwan to the town of Dhrangadra, a distance of 21 m., was opened for traffic in 1898.
The main line has a gauge of 63 in.
The principal trunk lines (the Sao Paulo and Paulista) have a broad gauge, while their extensions and feeders have a narrow gauge.
Mules are universally employed for animal traction, and narrow gauge lines with single-mule trams are generally used where the traffic is light.
On this, the normal South African gauge, all the Natal railways, save a few 2-ft.
The conglomerates consist almost entirely of pebbles of quartz set in a hard 2 At the Standerton gauge on the Vaal in 1905-1906, a year of extreme drought, the total flow was 8,017,000,000 cub.
The south-west line of the Madras railway runs through the district, and the South Indian railway (of metre gauge) joins this at Erode.
When this building of railways began in Japan, much discussion was taking place in England and India as to the relative advantages of the wide and narrow gauges, and so strongly did the arguments in favor of the latter appeal to the English advisers of the Japanese government that the metre gauge was chosen.
The range on the Arkona gauge is from 3 .
In deep water the closing mechanism is usually actuated by a screw propeller which begins to work when the line is being hauled in and can be set so as to close the waterbottle in a very few fathoms. A small but heavy water-bottle has been devised by Martin Knudsen, provided with a pressure gauge or bathometer, by which samples may be collected from any moderate depth down to about roc fathoms, on board a vessel going at full speed.
The line is of metre gauge.
He suggested that Sir Henry de Villiers, Chief Justice of Cape Colony, should be sent into the Transvaal to endeavour to gauge the true state of affairs in that country.
Thus at Bidstone, Liverpool, where the gauge has an exceptional exposure, a pressure of 80 lb per sq.
We may gauge the energy with which the Greek intellect turned in this direction if we call to mind that the controversy about dogma was replaced by the controversy about images.
But the controversy about predestination, which, in the 9th century, Hincmar and Hrabanus fought out with the monk Gottschalk of Fulda, as well as the discussions that arose from the definition of the doctrine of transubstantiation of Radbert, enable us to gauge the intellectual energy with which theological problems were once more being handled.
The normal gauge of the railways is 4 ft.
The Merchandise Marks Act 1887 makes it an offence also to apply in trade a false description, as to the number, quantity, measure, gauge or weight of goods sold; and this Act appears to reach offences that the Weights and Measures Acts may perhaps not reach.
A standard gauge, however, exists (Order in Council, August 1883), based on the inch, but having numbered sizes from 7/0 (0.5 inch) to No.
In 1904 the opening of a standard gauge railway to Cairo placed Port Said in a position to compete with Alexandria for the external trade of Egypt generally, besides making it a tourist route to the capital from Europe.
From Nowshera a frontier light line, involving a break of gauge, is carried to Dargai at the foot of the Malakand Pass.
In hand mixing it is usual to measure out from gauge boxes the sand, stones and cement or lime in a heap on a wooden platform.
The canton is well supplied with railway lines, the broad gauge lines being 228 m.
The value of the goods traffic is not so high, owing, principally, to the want of intercommunication between the various lines on account of differences in the width of the gauge.
These extensions, and the alteration of gauge to that of the Argentine North-Eastern, were carried out mainly at the cost of the Argentine government, which acquired a controlling interest in the Paraguay Central.
The steam pressure in the heater may be periodically varied by the gauge in such a manner as to produce an approximately simple harmonic oscillation of temperature at the hot end, while the cool end is kept at a steady temperature.
From the lowest to the highest gauge of water-surface the rise is on an average 25.5 ft.
The extent to which it renders aurora invisible depends, however, so much on the natural brightness of the aurora - which depends on the time and the place - and on the sharpness of the outlook kept, that it is difficult to gauge it.
The state railways, unless otherwise indicated, have a gauge of 4 ft.
Thence it continues on the east bank to Luxor, where the broad gauge ceases.
The bombardment of the forts of Alexandria is interesting as a gauge of the effect to be expected from the fire of ships under specially favorable conditions.
It is of metre gauge, was begun in 1887 and is some 300 m.
The calorimeter is surrounded by an air-jacket connected to a petroleum gauge which indicates any small change of temperature in the calorimeter, and enables the manipulator to adjust the supply of cold water to compensate it.
A is the calorimetric tube, B the air-jacket and L the gauge.
The tramway also is a single line of one-metre gauge, and runs through some of the principal streets of TeherAn.
The German territory is also provided with railways, intended eventually to link with the British systems. The standard gauge is 3 ft.
It has a gauge of 2 ft.
Even if she wasn't Death anymore, she could gauge just how bad things were.
He wanted to gauge her ability with the strategic battle planning and measure just how intelligent his nishani was.
Whichever food you use, set feeding times will help you gauge your pet's appetite and help control overeating.
It also makes it difficult to gauge her daily intake if you are filling up the food bowl every time it is empty.
That way he or she can better gauge the company's motives before providing personal information.
Asking for references, particularly of a community college or an art school, is another good way to gauge the quality of the training course.
For some, it tells them how to gauge their day.
These could be substituted for sock yarn as they will knit to a similar gauge.
The size of this type of wire is described in terms of the "gauge."
In addition, the site provides explanations of common terms you'll find when shopping for vintage stockings, including gauge and denier, which refers to the weight and sheerness of the nylons.
In France and other European countries there is also an important mileage of metre gauge, and even narrower, on lines of local or secondary importance.
As subscribers' lines are invariably short, the smallest gauge of wire possessing the mechanical strength necessary to withstand the stresses to which it may be subjected can be employed, and bronze wire weighing 40 lb per mile is commonly used.
The commercial importance of such free interchange of traffic is the controlling factor in determining the gauge of any new railway that is not isolated by its geographical position.
In Ireland the usual gauge is 5 ft.
The line is of m metre gauge, with steel rails weighing 212 kilos (42 lb) per yard.
The gauge is broken at Mendoza, the Buenos Aires and Pacific having a gauge of 5 ft.
The minor lines (many of them narrow gauge) remain in the hands of private companies.
Brunel on the Great Western railway, where, however, it was abandoned after the line was converted from broad to standard gauge in 1892.
Accidents due to simple climbing are, however, exceedingly rare, and are usually found associated with a faulty track, with " plunging " movements of the locomotive or vehicle, or with a " tight gauge " at curves or points.
In India the prevailing gauge is 5 ft.
Though the standard gauge is in use in Lower Egypt, the line into the Egyptian Sudan was built on a gauge of 3 ft.
The gauge may be regarded as reduced to its narrowest possible dimensions in mono-rail lines, where the weight of the trains is carried on a single rail.
They are nearly always placed transversely, across the direction of the lines, the longitudinal position such as was adopted in connexion with the broad gauge on the Great Western in England having been abandoned except in special cases.
For local services where stoppages are frequent the demand is for engines capable of quickly ' At the beginning of 1908 the Great Western's loading gauge on its main lines was widened to 9 ft.
In Italy many railways which otherwise fulfil the conditions of a light railway are constructed with a gauge of 4 ft.
The advantage of uniformity of gauge is in the use of trucks for goods which belong to the rolling stock of the main lines.
Owing to observational difficulties, the exact measure of success attained is a little difficult to gauge, but it seems fairly certain that raindrops usually carry a charge.
The railways are of different gauges, the standard narrow gauge of 4 ft.
The distortion of the spring determines the actual force which the wind is exerting on the plate, and this is either read off on a suitable gauge, or leaves a record in the ordinary way by means of a pen writing on a sheet of paper moved by clockwork.
The gauge of a railway is the distance between the inner edges of the two rails upon which the wheels run.
On the continent of Europe the standard gauge is generally adopted, though in France there are many miles of 4 ft.
When the initial pressure is 100 lb per square inch by the gauge the thermal efficiency drops to about nearly 15% with the same back pressure.
Cars of this saloon type have been introduced into England for use on railways which have adopted electric traction, but owing to the narrower loading gauge of British railways it is not usually possible to seat four persons across the width of the car for its whole length, and at the ends the seats have to be placed along the sides of the vehicle.
The Paris line is built with the standard gauge of 4 ft 82 in., but its tunnels are designedly made of such a small crosssection that ordinary main line stock cannot pass through them.
Its width depends on the numbers of tracks and their gauge; for a double line of standard gauge it is about 25 ft., a space of 6 ft.
A straight length of not less than 60 metres for the largest gauge and 40 metres for the smallest must be made between two curves having opposite directions.
The simplicity is great; they can be quickly mounted and dismounted; the correct gauge can be perfectly maintained; the sections of rails and sleepers (which are of iron) are very portable, and skilled labour is not required to lay or to take them up; the making of a " turn-out " is easy, by taking out a 15 ft.
Brunel adopted for the Great Western railway disappeared on the 20th-23rd of May 1892, when the main line from London to Penzance was converted to standard gauge throughout its length.
It must be understood that a railway described as " light " is not necessarily built of narrower gauge than the standard.
In the British colonies the prevailing gauge is 3 ft.
No one was or is able to foresee in what condition our or the enemy's armies will be in a day's time, and no one can gauge the force of this or that detachment.
Gage vs Gauge: Determining the Difference
You've probably heard the term gauge, but thought it was spelled gage. However, gage is an entirely separate (and somewhat obscure) word that, while rare, can still be found from time to time. Discover the differences between these two words and which spelling to use.
Steven Weinberg
Words near gauge in the Dictionary
gauffered
gauffering
gauffers
gauffre
gaugamela
gauge cock
gauge-block
gauge-boson
gaugeable


text:
Knottingley TMD was a traction maintenance depot located in Knottingley, West Yorkshire, England. The depot was situated on the Pontefract Line and was near Knottingley station.  It opened in 1967 to maintain the locomotives and hopper wagons for a planned 75 Merry-go-round trains a day, expected to use the Wakefield and Goole line.

History
In 1976, Class 03, 04, 08 shunters and Class 47 locomotives could be seen at the depot.
During the late 1970s, 1980s and 1990s the depot was home to Class 56 and from the mid eighties, Class 58 locomotives.

When the depot opened in July 1967, it was given the depot code of 56A, which had previously been a code used in Wakefield for a shed that had closed in June 1967. Later that year, it was renumbered to 55G, however since 1973 when the TOPS system was introduced, the depot code has been KY. At the time that the TOPS system was being rolled out, Knottingley was using a separate computer system called Airepower which allocated the 13 locomotives and 45 traincrew needed to run all the coal trains every week.

Allocation
In 1980, the depot received Class 56s, which were to become a staple locomotive on coal traffic in the area until the Class 66 locomotives appeared in 1998. In 2016, the depot's allocation consisted of DB Cargo UK Class 60 and 66 locomotives.

Later years
Of the three power stations the depot was built to serve, Ferrybridge was closed on 31 March 2016, while Eggborough was officially decommissioned in February 2018. However, the depot remained busy with gypsum and biomass traffic, particularly for the remaining Power Station at Drax, with workings from the Humber ports at Hull and Immingham.

The depot was closed on 14 March 2020 after the decline in railway hauled power station traffic. In early 2021, the office complex at the depot, which was built in the 1990s, was demolished. The sidings were being used at the same time by Riviera Trains to refit Mark 1 and Mark 2 railway coaches.

References

Railway depots in Yorkshire
Rail transport in West Yorkshire
Knottingley

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The research is based on experimental expertise, modelling and numerical simulations.
The laboratory is a member of the research federations IPRA and MIRA, of the Carnot ISIFOR Institute.
Finally, one of the Laboratory's major assets is its long-standing partnership activity, which is reflected in the participation of teams in two joint research laboratories (SAGE and PHYSICAL URBAN).


text:
1 Lighthouse Island, Tionesta, PA 16353 814-755-2422 (Office) 814-316-5157 (Cell)
Who Does This?
Pictures Through The Years
Lighthouse Island Academy
National School Lunch Program (NSLP)
Wellness Naturally
Assisting Youth and Families in Making Healthier Choices
TDP is aware that health and wellness play a critical role in the ability of youth to thrive and make positive decisions. Our nature-based Health and Wellness program will have the power to promote general health, physical fitness, and wellness to youth and their families. Staying active, fostering the importance of healthy behaviors and relationships, and providing nutritional education are essential in achieving optimum wellness.
TDP will:
provide health and wellness mentoring
utilize nature for health and wellness options
provide guided fitness programming
enhance academic and/or work performance
provide instruction on personal and community health issues
Our fitness center will feature comprehensive exercise and fitness equipment. Also, we will offer unlimited opportunities that utilize nature and the outdoors as a natural gymnasium. This unique approach will assist in leading to a reduction in risk factors associated with obesity, hypertension, and Type II Diabetes. Our health and fitness component will provide youth with opportunities to be mentored by certified trainers.
Among the many health and fitness fundamentals which will be explored include, but are not limited to the following:
nutritional instruction
fitness made fun
personal fitness plan
personalized wellness coaching
mental and physical strengthening
flexibility and range of motion
Tailoring Our Program To Fit Youth Needs
Making it a Lifestyle Change
Youth will be immersed in a nature based experience that will equip them with knowledge and skills, while providing them with a solid foundation of fitness for life. We will encourage them to move forward with the initiative to make healthier and more responsible choices.
Youth leaving the program will be encouraged to continue contact with TDP instructors/mentors regarding their individual health, fitness, and nutritional needs.
It is our goal that healthy practices will become a natural way of life for youth, improving their health, well-being, and overall future. Our youth will not only be healthier and more physically fit, but will experience a greater sense of self-worth. We believe strongly that the TDP Health and Wellness experience will enhance relationships with family members and community.
Preventing and Overcoming Childhood Obesity
Youth who may have vulnerability related to obesity, will participate daily in our Health and Wellness Program. Each youth will receive an Individualized Wellness Plan (IWP) that will provide optimum health benefits for a productive lifestyle. In addition to our group fitness exercises, a personal trainer will provide one-on-one assistance for maximum results.
"It's no coincidence that four of the six letters in health are "heal." Ed Northstrum
Through our diversion programs, TDP provides experiences that give youth the opportunities they need to increase their chances for success and the necessary skills to better manage their risks through strength enhancement.
Taylor Diversion Program not only addresses the development of competencies necessary for a successful transition to living independently in the community, but also includes a family component which assists in the rebuilding of relationships between family, caregivers, schools and communities, an area in which most of these youth have 'broken many bridges'. Mentoring is a critical component of this program which will be an ongoing process throughout the stay. Children and Youth Services Representative
"After visiting the site and hearing the plans you have for TDP, I believe the types of programs and services that you propose to offer will fulfill an important need in the region. The intent of this mentoring program is to help at risk children develop the competencies needed to develop a successful lifestyle and assist in rebuilding relationships between family, caregivers, schools and communities." Congressman
"I am firmly convinced that having this leadership and mentoring program in our area will have a very positive impact on our students, our schools, and our communities. It is discouraging to witness deteriorating behavior and performance in young people who we know have ample potential, but are not served adequately by the confines of public education. I know that the motivation behind Taylor Diversion Programs is to reach students before they head too far down the wrong path. Even at our small, rural high school, we encounter numerous students that become involved with juvenile probation, placement facilities, and/or incarceration during and after high school. Taylor Diversion Programs will create a scenario where caring adults can have a positive impact in preventing the patterns of negative behavior, rather than reacting to it after the fact." -Guidance Counselor
TDP provides supportive prevention services for troubled youth and their families by using proven strategies in education, vocation, nature and wellness in order to create stronger, healthier communities.
As TDP grows, we will continue our commitment to exceed the expectations of the populations served; moreover, we will remain committed to treating every youth as family.
Multi-faceted Approach
TDP has created a unique, four-dimensional Prevention/Intervention program for youth:
Taylor Diversion Programs, Inc.© does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age or disability in the employment or in the provision of services.
TDP is a 501(c)(3) organization, fully licensed by PA 3800 regulations to operate a residential independent living program. We also have a private licensed school, through the Pennsylvania Department of Education, Lighthouse Island Academy.
Copyright © 2016-2020 Taylor Diversion Programs, Inc. All rights reserved.
POWERED BY THE X THEME | DESIGNED BY AB of STELLAR CONNECTIONS
Stay tuned for the next Bingo date availability.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.nachodb;

/**
 * This implementation of IFile interface can be used
 * to make Perst an main-memory database. It should be used when pagePoolSize
 * is set to Storage.INFINITE_PAGE_POOL. In this case all pages are cached in memory
 * and NullFile is used just as a stub.

 * NullFile should be used only when data is transient - i.e. it should not be saved
 * between database sessions. If you need in-memory database but which provide data persistency,
 * you should use normal file and infinite page pool size.
 */
public class NullFile implements IFile
{
    public void write(long pos, byte[] buf) {}

    public int read(long pos, byte[] buf) {
        return 0;
    }

    public void sync() {}

    public boolean lock() {
        return true;
    }

    public void close() {}

    public long length() {
        return 0;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


An aerial view supplied by the Army of Aberdeen Proving Ground's UNDEX Testing Facility, commonly known as the "Super Pond," where two divers died Tuesday, the Army said. Another diver died on Jan. 30.
The Navy divers knew it was a risky operation. The Aberdeen "super pond" was deep enough to hold a 14-story building. Its water was black and cold. And the bottom was a tangle of muck and debris.
An Army diver had died there a month earlier. And now, with some crucial equipment broken, James E. Reyher said Ryan Harris had to make the dive with scuba gear, and little margin for error.
Even for a quick "bounce" dive, scuba tanks would give them only about 11 minutes of air to go down 150 feet and get back up. It was only a training evaluation, but no Navy scuba dive had gone below 130 feet in years.
The two men were asked if they wanted to make the dive. They could say no. But they thought that might affect their standing and their coming deployment. So Reyher and Harris entered the frigid water that day last winter and began their descent.
On Monday, a court-martial was to begin for a Navy supervisor in connection with the deaths of Reyher, 28, and Harris, 23, on Feb. 26 in the man-made pond at the Army's test center, in Aberdeen, Md.
The two divers, tethered to each other and to a surface line, apparently got caught on something below. By the time they could be hauled up by frantic comrades, they had run out of air and drowned, according to a Navy investigative report.
The incident unfolded in minutes, as colleagues on the surface realized the two might be stuck, then watched as the bubbles floating up increased dramatically and then stopped. Someone asked if this was part of the evaluation. It wasn't.
But Navy divers are said to live by a "hooyah" code — a stubborn, can-do attitude in which nothing is deemed impossible.
"Navy divers can accomplish anything," Cmdr. Michael Runkle, who headed the unit to which Reyher and Harris belonged, wrote in an essay 10 months before the accident.
The defendant, Senior Chief Diver James C. Burger, who is charged with dereliction of duty, is accused of failing "to ensure established diving procedures and safety requirements were adhered to, as it was his duty to do so," according to his charge sheet.
The court-martial of a second supervisor in the case is tentatively scheduled for next week, and several other senior divers who were at Aberdeen have received administrative punishments.
Military diving, by its nature, can be hazardous, and the smallest miscue can lead to disaster.
Reyher, a diver first class, from Caldwell, Ohio, and Harris, a diver second class, from Gladstone, Mo., were among five divers for the military who perished on duty over a 17-month period between January 2012 and last June.
One of them, former Marine George H. Lazzaro Jr., 41, was diving for the Army in the super pond when he died last Jan. 30.
"I'm losing air!" he yelled over a communication link. He surfaced too fast, passed out and sank to the bottom. It took rescue divers 21 / 2 hours to find his body.
Two other Navy divers died during that period.
Robert N. Dotzler, 24, died while free diving during an operation at the Navy base in Guam. He had apparently hyperventilated before the dive, lost consciousness underwater and drowned.
Petty Officer 2nd Class Taylor Gallant, 22, died Jan. 26, 2012, during another training operation while diving from a Canadian warship off the coast of North Carolina.
Reyher and Harris belonged to an underwater salvage unit. Gallant was an underwater bomb technician, the Navy said. Dotzler, a diver third class, was in the repair department of a submarine tender.
Such diving often is done in harsh conditions, in which divers are asked to find and work on things such as sunken ships and downed aircraft.
Perhaps the most famous such effort came in the salvage operations after the attack on Pearl Harbor during World War II. There, divers had to work in befouled waters, inside sunken battleships, amid dead bodies and unexploded bombs.
The Virginia Beach outfit that Reyher and Harris belonged to — Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit 2 (MDSU2) — in modern times has worked on the wreck of the space shuttle Challenger and has helped raise the massive turret of the sunken Civil War ironclad USS Monitor.
It used the super pond to train and evaluate its divers.
The unit's commander, Runkle, was fired following the accident.
The Navy said that even before the tragedy it had been looking into the command climate at MDSU2, where it found poor morale, a lack of leadership and, later, safety issues.
In his essay, Runkle had been urging divers to be a little less can-do and a little more assertive in asking for more and better equipment.
The Army, for its part, closed the super pond indefinitely.
The body of water, which is 1,070 feet long and shaped like a frying pan, had been carved out of the east bank of Harford County's Bush River in the early 1990s at the site of an old bomb-testing range.
Among many things, it was used to test the impact of underwater explosions on ship components.
The Army says the pond can handle a blast equal to 4,100 pounds of TNT — about the size of the truck bomb used to wreck the Oklahoma City federal building in 1995.
In December 2012, the pond was used to test a new device that was deployed from a helicopter to find and blow up underwater mines. The test had gone well. The tragedies came in the aftermath. The following account of the deaths comes from military reports.
The water temperature was a frigid 39 degrees with visibility less than a foot on Feb. 26 as Reyher and fellow diver Haamid Abdul-Mutakallim watched the scuba gear being set up.
The dive was supposed to have been done with Mark 16 re-breather units, which recycle air and allow more time underwater. But two of the four Mark 16s were broken, and three had to be working for a dive to be made.
The drill called for a dive to locate the carcass of an old helicopter. The water was pitch black at the bottom, where there was more than a foot of muck and a tangle of debris.
The divers would need flashlights and wire cutters.
Abdul-Mutakallim, who had never descended below 90 feet in scuba gear, testified later that he and Reyher realized the dangers of making the dive — hazardous conditions and not much air.
It was high risk for low reward, he said at a Navy investigative hearing convened before Hanna.
A dozen or so divers from the salvage unit had arrived at Aberdeen the day before, Feb. 25, to undergo final evaluation after several months of training.
If all went well, they could be deployed in April.
But the Army had closed the pond after the death of its diver the previous month. And Army officials did not know why the Navy divers had come to Aberdeen, according to Hanna's investigate report.
After discussions, the Army granted permission for the evaluation to proceed the next day.
According to the Navy report, on Feb. 26, the Navy divers were briefed about Lazzaro's death.
He had been one of four scuba divers who had descended in two-man teams to 127 feet to help retrieve a weight that had been used in the December anti-mine test, the Army said in a recent report on his death.
That dive was supposed to be brief, about 10 minutes, to prevent the need for a decompression stop on the way back up. The divers had a wireless communications link to the surface and to each other.
They had worked on the weight and were headed back when, at about 60 feet, Lazzaro shouted that he was losing air. Another diver told him to "blow and go," meaning surface immediately, despite the risk of decompression sickness caused by rapid ascent.
Seconds later, Lazzaro popped to the surface and tore off his diving mask. Someone yelled, asking if he was okay. "No!" he replied, then sank again.
It was hours before they found his body in 53 feet of dark water and hauled it to the surface with a rope.
The Army report, which blacked out the cause of the accident for public release, said Lazzaro had fatal air bubbles in his lungs, heart, brain and blood vessels from his abrupt ascent. He was pronounced dead at a hospital.
In February, the air and water were colder, the Navy dive was to be deeper, but the outcome would be the same.
At first, the idea of using scuba gear was rejected because, as the divers knew, it left little margin for error. Plus, the Navy's normal scuba working limit was 130 feet.
A third option was to make the dive with air supplied from the surface through hoses.
But Runkle, the unit's commander, had urged his men to "train like we fight," be aggressive and make more deep scuba dives, the Navy report said.
One of the evaluators suggested that the divers reconsider scuba. The dive was short. There was a recompression chamber on hand. And the divers would be tethered to each other and to the surface.
It seemed like a safe exercise.
Although Navy rules said scuba dives below 130 feet could be conducted only in cases of "operational necessity," none of the divers seem to have realized that did not include training, the report said.
Plus, most of the divers thought they had to pass the super pond evaluation to be deployed.
Everybody said yes, they wanted to make the dive.
The first two divers to go down from the tending boat reached only 100 feet before the line linking them to the surface became "rats nested," or tangled.
Their surface tender, Chief Navy Diver John O'Donnell, yanked the line four times to abort the dive, and the two men surfaced.
Reyher and Harris were next.
Their dive supervisor, Fernando Almazan, a 14-year Navy veteran and a diver first class, had calculated that the men would have 11 minutes of air, not enough time to survey the sunken helicopter.
But it should be enough to see if they could spot the wreck and come back.
Almazan instructed them to start back up four minutes after they submerged. Ascending would require five minutes. He told them to stay on schedule and not touch the bottom.
Reyher and Harris, each wearing a wet suit and a single air tank, began their descent.
O'Donnell hauled in about 20 feet of the tending line. Bubbles rising to the surface suggested the divers were coming up.
Suddenly, the tending line went tight. The more O'Donnell pulled, the tighter it got. He realized that if the divers were snagged, pulling would make it worse. Or maybe they were swimming down to free themselves. So he fed out some line.
Almazan told him to stop. The bubbles coming to the surface began to increase alarmingly. Almazan asked an evaluator in the boat if this was part of the drill. The answer was no.
The Navy report suggested that the increased bubbles could have been air rushing from the scuba tank regulators malfunctioning in the cold water or the divers breathing heavily because they were running out of air.
Almazan directed Navy Diver Third Class Austin Noone, who was standing by with O'Donnell in the boat for emergencies, to go down and help.
Noone, who had never done a 150-foot dive in scuba gear, made it to 100 feet, but he, too, got tangled in the tending lines and was pulled up.
Reyher and Harris had now been underwater 12 to 15 minutes. No more bubbles were coming to the surface.
The Navy report is silent on the emotion of the moment, which must have been extreme among the tight-knit group of divers.
Almazan was in contact with Senior Chief Diver Burger, who was Reyher's and Harris's supervisor and was observing with alarm from shore. Burger, too, was being evaluated, according to someone with knowledge of the case.
Almazan said that there had been "an incident" and that he needed more rescue divers.
He told Burger to call 911. Burger rushed to the scene in a second boat, according to the person with knowledge of the case.
As the anguished seconds ticked by, two more divers were sent down. But they reached only 120 feet before they had breathing problems and ran out of allotted time.
Finally, by pulling the tending line in a different direction, Reyher and Harris were brought to the surface. Harris came up first. He had the tending line wrapped around one arm.
Fellow sailors got them out of their gear — Reyher's was covered in mud — and started CPR. Both men were rushed to the recompression chamber. Harris was later taken by helicopter to a local hospital where he was pronounced dead.
Last week, an Army spokeswoman said the super pond is still closed and may remain so until spring.
But early last month, four unarmed ordnance items were removed from the bottom as part of a cleanup. The Army did much of the work but needed the Navy's help.
A diver was required to go down and see that some connections were sound, a Navy spokesman said.
The job fell to MDSU2.


What Countries Did Napoleon Conquer?
During the Napoleonic Wars, France conquered Egypt, Belgium, Holland, much of Italy, Austria, much of Germany, Poland and Spain. France directly conquered or controlled through alliance most of western Europe by 1812.
Driven by a desire to spread the French revolutionary principles throughout Europe, Napoleon first conquered Egypt to cripple British trade. He returned to France and, using both diplomacy and warfare, conquered neighboring states. Because much of Europe at the time was fragmented principalities and semi-autonomous states similar to modern Monaco or Luxembourg, it was simple to take over each country a bit at a time.
Although the French Empire ultimately failed, Napoleon changed the face of Europe, forcing the consolidation of Italy and Germany and crippling the power of the aristocracy.
What Countries Did the Romans Conquer?
What Countries Were in the Roman Empire?
How Did Napoleon Come to Power in France?
What Were the Causes of the Napoleonic Wars?


text:
Golden Myanmar International
Myanmar Golden International
Potential investors are invited to buy shares in a new international and domestic airline, the main financier said last week. Review Golden Myanmar Airlines flight schedules and times before planning a trip. Favourite international flights from Golden Myanmar Airlines. From Yangon International Airport (RGN), book a flight to Mandalay (MLD )for your trip to Myanmar. Favourite international flights from Golden Myanmar Airlines.
Gold Myanmar is planning national and international growth as the fleets grow from one to four planes.
Gold Myanmar Airlines is gearing up for a big growth period as the low-cost start-up airline is adding a second Airbus 72-600 and two A320s over the next five month. Most of the extra power will be used to extend Golden Myanmar's internal grid, which currently comprises only one line. It will also be adding capacities on its only two international flights, Yangon to Bangkok and Singapore, but has chosen not to launch new international liner shipping at this stage of its evolution.
Golden Myanmar is the first LCC in Myanmar to be well placed to take full benefit of the enormous opportunity in its own area. However, there are also a number of challenging factors, as fierce competitive pressure on the Myanmar region has led to overcapacity on most national and international lines. In January 2013, Golden Myanmar took off with a 12-year-old Airbus Airbus Airbus A320, which ILFC lease in a 180-seater aircraft layout.
It took off inland between Yangon and Mandalay - by far the biggest internal flight in Myanmar. At the beginning of Apr-2013 international connections were established with a dayly connection to Singapore. The airline's day-to-day flight to Bangkok Suvarnabhumi began in May-2013, taking approximately 13 hours to fly its only one.
It was originally planned to have a second Airbus A 320 by mid-2013, with Yangon planned as new services to Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur. Myanmar has chosen to use the second Airbus A 320 to operate a second dayly service from Yangon to Bangkok from the end of October 2013 and to increase Yangon-Singapore from seven to up to 13 flights per week.
A second inland connection from Yangon to the new capitol Nay Pyi Taw will also be added. It is also considering chartering from Yangon to Gaya in India, a favourite place of Buddhism as well. These extra services to Bangkok and Singapore will increase Golden Myanmar's market shares in the two major Myanmar cities and offer its customers a cheaper and more competitively priced flight plan.
Our second trip to Bangkok is in the mornings. Second Singapore radio will arrive in Yangon just before Midnight in the evenings to complement the present service, which departs from Yangon in the mornings and Singapore in the afternoons. However, both are highly competive and demanding in comparison to other large international short-haul services within Southeast Asia.
Tigerair is now flying to Yangon-Singapore from three Lufthansa Technik flight centres, following the start of day-to-day flight operations on October 1, 2013. Yangon Singapore has more than doubled in the last two years, from approximately 4,400 one-way seating per week in November 2011 to approximately 10,000 per week in November 2013. Year-on-year, CAPA and Innovata reported that seating capacities have increased by more than 50% from approximately 6,500 per week in November 2012.
Aside from Tigerair's recent take-off, Singapore Airlines took over seven of SilkAir's 16 scheduled services at the end of October 2012. SIA currently runs nine services a week and, according to Innovata, will be adding two more from the end of October 2013.
In the course of 2012, Jetstar Asia also gradually switched its Yangon services from three a week to one a day. Since the end of 2012, Jetstar Asia has been flying every day and has added two additional, nine flight per week to its on-line booking system from the end of November 2013. It also cooperates with Myanmar Airways International (MAI) on the Yangon-Singapore itinerary.
Headquartered in Singapore, MAI has cut its own capacities and currently runs 10 scheduled services a week. Up to now, the airline has carried out two non-stop services to Singapore every day and until the beginning of the year was offering a third service via Bangkok to Singapore. Golden Myanmar is ready to overhaul MAI as the biggest Burma airline in Singapore with its overflights.
MAI's 10 week-long Airbus Airbus A320 services will account for only about 16% of the overall Yangon-S Singapore flight fleet from November 2013, according to CAPA and Innovata. That is equivalent to a 36% stake in Nov-2012 and 43% in Nov-2011 (excluding one-stop via Bangkok), as MAI has reduced capacities while the overall store has more than doublé.
SIA Group' s stake in the Singapore Yangon markets has also declined with the entry of other airlines. However, SIA/SilkAir has reduced the reductions through additional capacities. On the Yangon - Singapore line, the group will have a 35% lead in terms of capacities in November 2013, up from 45% in November 2011, when only SilkAir used it.
On the basis of the 13 monthly departures, Golden Myanmar would account for 23% of the total fleet, up from about 18% at present. However, Golden Myanmar now intends to fine-tune its timetable and is expected to fly 12 times a week. When the airline has a frequent flyer, it is considering stationing its plane in Changi for several hour so that it can make the early bird trip from Yangon and the long night trip from Changi.
This extra service will also give Golden Myanmar the biggest LCC and most recent LCC departures from Singapore. However, in view of the fierce competitive environment and the fact that the first leg of the journey is not yet fully developed in terms of utilisation, it will be a challenge to take up the extra capacious.
Myanmar' s Singapore airport grew significantly: in 2012, Changi Airport recorded a 23% increase over the previous year to 406,000 people. However, the increase in consumption has not been as rapid as the increase in production capacities. That is not a sustained number, and 25% per year transport increase is not possible in Myanmar's fast-growing population. In the end, there may be a corrective effect on the markets.
Singaporean airlines have an edge over Myanmar-based airlines because they can take full benefit of the growing popularity of Myanmar from nonstop destinations such as Indonesia, the Philippines and Australia. Both Tigerair and Jetstar Asia now have access points and are offering more to Singaporean departures for the domestic travelers, while Golden Myanmar is focusing mainly on Burma travellers.
Myanmar Golden has the benefit of providing Myanmar's home network, especially after its two ATR 72' went into operation in the first quarter of 2014. However, Singapore's request for other Myanmar locations is still restricted. While Singapore-Mandalay is a one-stop solution, Golden Myanmar has not seen much non-stop air travel on this itinerary.
Golden Myanmar, after having offered an immediate flight, is now serving the Singapore-Yangon-Mandalay one-night outward leg as it modified its flight plan for Yangon-Mandalay a few month ago and stationed its Airbus 320 in Yangon instead of Mandalay. Mandalay to Singapore will continue to offer an immediate one-stop-services.
Yangon Bangkok is a larger country, but has experienced a similar inflow of capacities in the last two years. According to CAPA and Innovata, there will be over 21,000 one-way seating places a week between Yangon and Bangkok from January to 2014. This latest rise is due to the launch of Nok Air's services, which will begin with four week-long services on 1 November 2013, but, according to Innovata, will rise rapidly to a single day interval in early December 2013 and two days' intervals in early January 2014.
Bangkok Airways will add a forth dayly service and Golden Myanmar a second dayly service from the end of October 2013. Only about a year ago Bangkok Airways started its third day trip to Yangon. In 2H2012, Thai AirAsia and Thai Airways also launched a third day service to Yangon.
Since Thai Airways will operate all three widebody services, it is the leading airline with a 38% stake in Widebody and will be reduced to 30% in January 2014 as three of its competitor airlines grow. At the moment MAI flies twice a day to Bangkok, but has lost some of its shares due to the relatively steady capacities in the last two years.
Like the Singapore crowd, Golden Myanmar will become Burma's biggest airline after Bangkok by adding a second dayly flight rate, which means 2,520 one-way seating per week for the LCC as opposed to less than 2,300 for MAI. In January 2014, Golden Myanmar will hold approximately 12% of the Yangon Bangkok Yangon Yang-on.
Also Nok will take about 12%, while Thai AirAsia will take about 17%, which gives 41% to all of the group. Besides Thailand's 30% stake, the other legacy on the Thai air transport markets - Bangkok Airways and MAI - will represent 18% and 11% of seating capacities respectively. Like in the case of Yangon-Singapore, the Bangkok Yangon markets are benefiting from an uptrend.
Both Thai Airways and Bangkok Airways are highly dependent on the aftermarket, which gives them a certain edge over the airlines that depend exclusively on the Myanmar-Thailand area. Part of the transport was also branched off from Yangon-Bangkok, as Mandalay and Nay Pyi Taw began to provide connections directly to Bangkok.
Last year Thai AirAsia, Bangkok Airways and Thai Voyager began all flights to Mandalay. Tangkok Airways has taken a flight with Thai AirAsia to Nay Pyi Taw to take off from the end of October 2013 also Bangkok-Nay Pyi Taw. Recently Nok also connects Thailand's local targets with Myanmar.
Consequently, overall capacities on the Myanmar-Thailand and Bangkok markets have grown even more rapidly than in Yangon-Bangkok, with an overall growth rate of 62% between January-2012 and January-2013 to around 26,000 disposable seating units per week. Gold Myanmar offers a one-stop service between Nay Pyi Taw and Bangkok in both ways. However, with Thai AirAsia and Bangkok Airways both providing non-stop services in this and Mandalay's markets, Golden Myanmar's options in the one-stop or interconnection markets will be narrow.
Eventually, Golden Myanmar could reduce Bangkok by converting some or all services to ATR 72-600. Because of its shorter flying time (just over an hour), it is a more economical turboprops line, especially when there is not enough air traffic to fill 180-seat A320 aircraft in the face of fierce competitive conditions.
Some of Bangkok Airways' Yangon services are already operated with ATR 72. The ATR 72 night service to Bangkok will also increase the utilization of Golden Myanmar's turboprops due to the difficulty of full utilization of domestic-only planes at Myanmar's local airport due to a shortage of backlight.
However, with the ATR 72 on Bangkok, Golden Myanmar should find another international itinerary for the Airbus A3220. This would be a challenge in view of the present state of the markets. Others are already overloaded. Initially Golden Myanmar wanted to fly to Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong with its first twin Airbus A320s.
However, the airline has at least for the time being chosen not to operate on the Yangon - Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong route. Kuala Lumpur and Hong Kong are now among the biggest destinations from Yangon, but they have already recorded an inflow of capacities and are highly dependent on incoming trade, a segment of the industry Golden Myanmar is struggling with as it does not yet have a recognized trademark outside Myanmar.
Myanmar has so far mainly provided departing transport with a mixture of recreational, commercial and migratory work. Last year Malaysia Airlines and AirAsia added a second dayly flight to Yangon (although the second AirAsia flight does not serve certain periods of the year). Being on the track with MAI (although with a less than everyday service) it would be hard to keep a forth carry.
Yangon-Hong Kong will now be operated with four Cathay Pacific Dragonair operated four daily Amtrak 321 services, starting the service in January-2013. At this point in time, the size of the local markets is probably too small to hold a second airline. Drago Air/Cathay is better placed to service the Brazilian airline as Yangon services are designed to maximize services beyond Hong Kong, also to North Asia and North America.
Dragoonair is also well placed to meet the increasing demands for Myanmar as a travel destinations, as it works in close cooperation with Hong Kong-Agent. Whilst Golden Myanmar, with its Bangkok and Singapore lines, has been able to increase its international arrivals, it should be much more dependent on incoming transport for each new international line.
It has a well-documented, non-Myanmar, regional name. Working with an LCC group in Asia could help Golden Myanmar open up new international sales and sales opportunities. The LCC groups in Southeast Asia are interested in the Myanmar area. Since Golden Myanmar has already started and is the only LCC in the state, it would be an appealing destination.
The home is more attractive as an autonomous LCC with a strong regional presence. ATR 72 allows Golden Myanmar to be more effective in the home markets. There are only a few airfields in the state that can handle the A320, and it is difficult to fill 180 slots even on the largest internal flights.
Gold Myanmar rents two new ATR 72-600s from Air Lease for shipment in January-2014 and March-2014. It is the airline's intention to deploy the turboprop first on internal flights, with international flights - Bangkok and possibly other Thai locations such as Chiang Mai - being taken into consideration at a later stage.
Gold Myanmar is planning to station one of its ATR 72 in Yangon and one in Mandalay. It has not yet chosen its first turbo-prop destination, but is likely to use the ATR 72 to compete on the major internal flights. In addition to Yangon-Mandalay, which already operates an Airbus 320 to Golden Myanmar, Nyaung-u (the gate to the beloved touristic city of Bagan), Heho, Thandwe and Dawe are the most important internal flights of Yangon.
The most important internal trails from Mandalay are Mandalay Nyaung-u, Heho, Tachilek and Myitkyina. ATR 72 is already being operated on these national services by the other Myanmar airlines: and Myanma Airways. There are also extra frequency bands between Yangon and Mandalay to come.
Yangon-Mandalay is a relatively large player but a higher speed turbo-prop mode is a natural choice. Yangon-Mandalay's utilisation rates are generally not enough to sustain inland service on the Airbus A 320 or A321s. It is anticipated that Asian Wings will put its Asian Wings 321 back into international service. Myanmar also plans to fly the Yangon-Nay Pyi Taw aircraft using the Airbus 320, which will take off with a scheduled service at the end of October 2013.
However, ATRs would be more natural, as this is a relatively low-consumption, relatively small distance (one hours on a turboprop), although the future growth of the equity is likely to have long-term growth opportunities. Yangon-Nay Pyi Taw is currently operated with regular services from Air Bagan, Air KBZ and Asian Wings, which together serve only 11 ATR 72 services a week.
For the time being at least, the ATR 72 is by far the most frequent airplane in Myanmar. Gold Myanmar realized that it also needed ATR 72 to be inland. Although Golden Myanmar is known as LCC, it generally does not provide much cheaper rates than its locally based rivals.
Since there is no trusted access to the web, all companies flying to local airfields, some of which will be served by their new ATR 72 fleets from 2014, use the same check-in service and have to depend on them. Selling expenses are similar for all Burma's airline companies, as they are highly dependent on tour operators due to Myanmar's low web traffic throughput.
Just under 20% of Golden Myanmar's total revenue is earned on-line. However, almost everything comes from the Bangkok and Singapore market. There is also a limit to the possibilities of increasing capacity utilization, as most of Myanmar's airfields are not fully operational at all. Gold Myanmar is planning to use the ATR network in about 8 hours.
That is still better than most of its rivals (Golden Myanmar will be the 7th ATR provider in the country), as Myanmar's occupancy rate is relatively low on the basis of the mean. It will be difficult to increase the capacity utilization of the ATR 72 aircraft without the international operation or the expansion of further hubs for night use.
On the international flight markets, Golden Myanmar is able to differentiate itself from Burma's only other international airline, MAI, by operating the A320 in an economic set-up and charging fees for meals, beverages and fare. Myanmar airlines run a small number of Myanmar airlines (typically between two and five) in the same economic configurations, giving them the same cost and efficiency in terms of parts and upkeep.
It also outperformed its competition by offering free check-in luggage for national and international air travel. There is no point in the LCC purely being acceptable to the regional markets. There are five international LCC' s that serve the Myanmar region and they can come with a different type of products, as they mainly transport international customers.
Air Asia will remain the biggest LCC trademark in Myanmar's international arena, with a nearly 50% stake in international LCC production in December 2013, versus approximately 27% for Golden Myanmar. In Myanmar, there are great prospects for further LCC growth on both the national and international stage. Currently, only 28% of Myanmar's international seating capacities are held by an LCC, and the only internal Golden Myanmar service gives the local airlines a virtually non-existent LCC coverage level.
However, the intrusive rates in the country will rise significantly as Golden Myanmar will add ATR 72, while the international intrusive rates will also rise slightly due to growth in Golden Myanmar, overseas NCCs and possibly the introduction of new locally based ICCs. In the face of fierce competitive pressure and the absence of possibilities for Myanmar airlines to pursue a purely LCC approach, there will be a challenge.
However, as times go by, the Myanmar Golden should be able to take full benefit of its First Match advantages in Myanmar's up-and-coming LCC area.
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Gossip is a complex and ubiquitous phenomenon, widely found and variously practiced. Gossip and Organizations provides the reader with an analysis of gossip and informal knowledge across different national, organizational and cultural contexts, drawing upon empirical findings and the author's experiences of researching gossip in nursing and healthcare organizations and higher educational institutions. Kathryn Waddington aims to dispel once and for all the myth that women gossip and men have conversations, shattering the illusion that gossip at work is trivial talk.
This book challenges the assumption that gossip is a problem that should be discouraged. While there is undoubtedly a dark side to gossip, Kathryn Waddington argues that paying closer attention to gossip as organizational communication and knowledge enables exploration of other ways of seeing, interpreting and understanding organizations. Gossip is not merely an impediment of organizing, it is a form of organizing which shapes perceptions and actions, and can forewarn managers of future failure in organizational systems.
The complexity of gossip is such that a of range inter-disciplinary explanations is necessary in order to account for this form of communication and knowledge across multiple levels and spaces in and around organizations. Waddington provides a new evidence-based framework incorporating ethics, emotion, identity, sensemaking and power as a guide future research, theorizing and critical reflective and reflexive practice in the field of organizational gossip.


This amazing set of eight rare antique oak church dining chairs were found recently in France. They are in good used condition with just a break on one back leg of one and a small hole in the seat on another. This is all mentioned for accuracy reasons.
SIZE approx: 102.5cm high x 43cm wide x 42cm deep - Seat Height 42cmm.


Use LucyPhone and "Lose the wait."Everyone hates waiting on hold for Customer Service. LucyPhone makes it easy to look up Customer Service numbers and place Customer Service calls. Just pick a company to call and give Lucy a number to call you back on. If you can't find the company you are looking for, no worries... you can also have Lucy connect you to any toll-free number. While Lucy waits on hold for you, the app shows you the status of the call. You can also re-join the call if you want to resume your place in the queue!Here's how it works:1. Lucy will call you first then "patch" you through to the company.2. Use the company's phone menu just as you normally would. Get put on hold? Press ** (that's star star) and your phone will be disconnected but Lucy will stay on the line.3. Once a live agent is on the line, Lucy will call you back immediately and connect you both. If you get put on hold again, just press ** again!Have fun and never wait on hold again!


text:
Understanding the epidemiology of avoidable significant harm in primary care: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study
Bell, Brian and Campbell, Stephen and Carson-Stevens, Andrew and Prosser Evans, Huw and Cooper, Alison and Brindley, Christina and Rodgers, Sarah and Johnson, Christine and Edwards, Adrian and Armstrong, Sarah and Mehta, Rajnikant and Chuter, Antony and Donnelly, Alisa and Ashcroft, Darren M. and Lymn, Joanne and Smith, Pam and Sheikh, Aziz and Boyd, Matthew and Avery, Anthony (2017) Understanding the epidemiology of avoidable significant harm in primary care: protocol for a retrospective cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 7 (2). e013786/1-e013786/8. ISSN 2044-6055
Introduction: Most patient safety research has focused on specialist-care settings where there is an appreciation of the frequency and causes of medical errors, and the resulting burden of adverse events. There have, however, been few large-scale robust studies that have investigated the extent and severity of avoidable harm in primary care. To address this, we will conduct a 12-month retrospective cross-sectional study involving case note review of primary care patients.
Methods and Analysis: We will conduct electronic searches of general practice (GP) clinical computer systems to identify patients with avoidable significant harm. Up to sixteen general practices from three areas of England (East Midlands, London and the North West) will be recruited based on practice size, to obtain a sample of around 100,000 patients. Our investigations will include an 'enhanced sample' of patients with the highest risk of avoidable significant harm. We will estimate the incidence of avoidable significant harm and express this as 'per 100,000 patients per year'. Univariate and multivariate analysis will be conducted to identify the factors associated with avoidable significant harm.
Ethics/Dissemination: The decision regarding participation by general practices in the study is entirely voluntary; the consent to participate may be withdrawn at any time. We will not seek individual patient consent for the retrospective case note review, but if patients respond to publicity about the project and say they do not wish their records to be included we will follow these instructions. We will produce a report for the Department of Health's Policy Research Programme and several high-quality peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals. The study has been granted a favourable opinion by the East Midlands Nottingham 2 Research Ethics Committee (reference 15/EM/0411) and Confidentiality Advisory Group approval for access to medical records without consent under section 251 of the NHS Act 2006 (reference 15/CAG/0182).
Patient safety, Medical errors, Avoidable harm, Primary care
University of Nottingham, UK > Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences > School of Health Sciences
University of Nottingham, UK > Faculty of Science > School of Pharmacy


Saturday, November 16, 2019, 2:00 p.m.
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Student guided tour of the school after the presentation.
Come and get first-hand information about the academic program and extracurricular activities that we offer on our modern campus. Feel free to bring friends and family and, of course, lots of questions! No registration is necessary. We look forward to meeting you!


Even as empire crumbles and industrial civilization falls it remains possible to continue in the work of engineering a new culture. As creators, makers, and magicians we are left with the task of sorting out the rubble as the structure collapses. Sometimes the bricks and mortar fall into foreign territories, and it is in these places where new hybrids and syncretizations occur. While we could start from scratch, beginning with raw materials, there is something to be said for recycling and using what is already laying around. I think both methods are appropriate in the face of the many crises afflicting humanity. Here I want to focus on the combination of pre-existing materials. In Hermetic philosophy this is known as Ars Magna or the Ars Combinatoria, or the art of combinations.
Mash-up's seem to be one of the most popular forms of consumable digital art these days, and it usually occurs in the realm of pop culture. With the plethora of music, video, pictures or text from popular media available alongside the tools to manipulate it, fans and artists create simple juxtapositions that are none-the-less aesthetically satisfying. They also often reveal humorous or "unconscious" aspects from within the source materials used, evoking new responses and thought processes in both creator and audience. For the purpose of the current argument I propose that Mash Up's are just a matter of the addition of two different elements to create a third.
While offbeat and dissonant arrangements can be quite pleasing to some people, a beat matched mashup can insinuate itself into existing culture as a reality changing pill, easily swallowed. Merging two potentially polarized views into a new synthesis can have healing qualities. It can allow for attitudes that might otherwise face death or persecution to not only live on, but rewire cultural transmission and receptor sites, so that further down the line, other more radical alterations can be made.
An example from contemporary practice is the melding of Ceremonial Magick and Grimoire Traditions with the magical techniques of African Traditional Religions, most commonly, but by no means limited to, Voudon here in the States. Rather than looking at this process in terms of psychic colonization, it can be viewed in terms of mutual survival and enrichment of humanities spiritual topsoil. In a country like America, where racism has had such a long and inglorious history, the syncretization of traditions can also be used as a way to heal tensions and divides. If a person takes up the work of a path that is foreign to his culture with sincerity, eventually the spirits and ancestors of that tradition will respond. Those ancestors will then become part of the living persons heritage. Though she may not live to see it, the work that is done to bring the two streams together will have an effect. When they become an ancestor themselves they can act as a force for healing these deep splits. As with much magical work done in service, results aren't something that can be lusted after, and the time lapse between the working and manifestation might be generational.
Intermarriage has historically been a way to help create peace, or at least truce, between various ethnic groups. To those who have taken this route in Americas PC, but just-under the-surface-hostile environment, I say hat's off. This wasn't easy to do before the Civil Rights Movement, and while some strides have been made, its still such a long road to go for us. The marriage of traditions in magic is another way to work on this issue. It's always a good idea to learn about other methods and systems in any case, if even just to expand your vocabulary. Having an increased vocabulary in turn, allows for greater possibilities of expression and communication. And when true communication occurs, true understanding might follow. And where humans are concerned, it is never a simple matter of combining two elements to create a third, but rather is a plethora of history, culture, and psychic influence coming together dynamically in a time of hard limits. Mutual aid and respect are worth working for.
"The oldest and most authentic tradition in all of magic is the tradition of stealing anything that's not nailed down, and bringing along a crowbar for use on the things that are." -John Michael Greer, from Magical Education, a talk given at Pantheacon 11.
Where a mash-up is the combination of two elements a collage can be seen as the scrambling or piecing together of three or more elements. Throw in some chance operations and the artist finds himself working from a palette fecund and diverse. The selection process is a function of memory, in which existing images, phrases, sounds, or systems are chosen as a way to synthesize, what before might have been discordant influences and uncertainty in the mind. Being exposed to the varied choices available in the waning days of the accelerated age serves up a lot of cognitive dissonance. One way to cope with the prospect of making a choice when "too many choices is no choice at all" is to throw them all into the mental stir-fry in your personal reality studio.
Collage allows kernels of the original to remain. When speaking of a tradition, this is a way to make preserves, to store up the sunlight of winter in a can. When rigid orthodoxies and traditions become brittle, they are more easily broken. When a person or a collective or group allows for outside influences to stimulate them into new growth, it strengthens them. Even when influences may act as a poison, that poison, if not taken in a fatal dosage, becomes transformative. Maybe not a panacea for all the schizoid ills of the world, but an announcement about the potentialities for merging formerly dissociated content. This assembling of the broken and disassembled is a way of creating a continuum of culture, all the while transforming the banal spectacle of society, putting it to a new purpose and in a new framework.
Beyond Collage is the concept of "Intermodulation". This will be discussed in a future post.