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Two Republics in China
Thread: Two Republics in China
xlwoo
Part One: The First Republic—The Republic of China
Chapter 1. 1911: How the Last Dynasty Crumbled and Warlords Took Over
Rebellion in Wuchang City
A long line of imperial dynasties had held sway over all (or parts) of China from 2100 BCE to 1911. China was a world unto itself for much of these 4,000 years, but history went off its tracks when the British came in. Smoking opium had been a serious crime in China, but for the British opium was big business. And they made it far bigger by slaughtering and pillaging, overwhelming the Chinese by 1842 and forcing them to open up their nation to foreign trade. Soon, British merchants flooded the market with opium grown in India, and millions, perhaps more than 10 million, Chinese were hopelessly addicted. China was reeling and the Qing Dynasty was on the ropes.
The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) had been established by the Manchus, people that had originated in northeastern China (Manchuria). Although some of their ancestors had periodically been in power in ancient times, it was the Han people that were (and are now) the largest ethnic group in China. The Han could not bear the oppression of these Manchus, whose officials, the Mandarins, were increasingly corrupt. As the Qing Dynasty sank into misery, the Han rose up in a series of rebellions hoping to overthrow the rulers and regain the imperial throne. In an era when some of the ambitious young elite were already studying abroad and learning modern ways, the imperial leaders still maintained a traditional army using ancient weaponry including lances and spears. So the overthrow was easy enough—but what next? Read on, and we'll see.
Always an interesting period of Chinese history. If my memory serves me correct, was the Sack of Peking by the British one of the results of the various Opium Wars?
that's the result of the Yihetuan. no British army went to Peking during two opium wars, both of which happened before the time of empress dowager Cixi.
Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925) was a revolutionary vanguard and he organized the National Party for the purpose of revitalizing the nation. After a few uprisings were brutally put down, the last successful rebellion broke out in Wuchang City of Sichuan Province, westward along the Yangtze River, upstream from Shanghai. In May of 1911, the Qing government had nationalized or appropriated two railways that were private Chinese companies, without giving the owners any compensation, and then sold them to foreigners. Needless to say, the local people wanted to defend their rights. The most violent reactions took place in Sichuan Province. The Qing government did have a New Army too (trained in the use of guns and cannons), and they sent them in. But in this division, many soldiers and even officers were actually members of the revolutionaries. So some leaders of the National Party planned a rebellion in the army.
A regiment was camped at the north gate of Wuchang City. Around 6 o'clock, on the 10th of October, many rebellious soldiers marched toward the armory in the city with the intention of seizing it. At that time, in the camp a platoon leader was making his rounds to check on the soldiers and he found that many were absent. He also saw the squad leader was lying on his bed, so he yelled at him, "What are you doing? You want to rebel?" (That's a Chinese way of putting down one's subordinates.) The squad leader never had thought much of his platoon leader, so he replied insolently, "You said I'd rebel. Now I'm rebelling." A soldier standing nearby simply shot the platoon leader dead.
Now the battalion leader came in and he was shot dead, too. Seizing this opportunity, the National Party's point man in the new army, who was the leader of another squad, declared a rebellion and called for his men to take up their arms right then and there.
Soldiers from many different camps came to their aid, the number reaching more than 3,000. They controlled a cannon field and attacked the governor's residence under the command of Wu Zhaoling, an officer in the eighth battalion. They called themselves the Revolutionary Army. The governor escaped to a warship on the river. The Revolutionary Army occupied the city.
Revolutionaries in Hanyang and Hankou cities also raised the banner of rebellion. On the 11th of October, the Revolutionary Army took over Hanyang City and on the 12th day, they occupied Hankou City. Three cities in a row.
The Establishment of the Republic of China.
Then the Revolutionary Army founded the military government and asked Li Yuanhong (1864–1928) to be the governor, and they declared the new state to be the Republic of China. At the beginning of November, at the proposal of Song Jiaoren (1882–1913) and some others, a constitution was drafted and called "The Temporary Constitution of Republic of China." It had seven chapters and sixty articles. The government consisted of the governor, the congress and the court. People were granted democratic rights, the right to own private property, and the right to do business. The government decided that the 10th of October should be the national day for the Republic of China.
From the 18th of October to the 27th of November, the Revolutionary Army put up strong resistance against the army of the Qing government, which was massive. During those 41 days, most of the provinces declared their independence; only four provinces close to Peking, the capital (now called Beijing), still supported the Qing Dynasty. The governors of the independent provinces controlled the local army and became warlords.
All the independent provinces formed their own military governments. On the 1st of November, the Qing government appointed Yuan Shikai (1859–1916) premier. On the 1st of December, the Revolutionary Army and Yuan signed a truce. On the 2nd of December, the united army of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces occupied Nanking. On the 12th of December, representatives from all 14 independent provinces gathered in Nanking for a meeting. On the 17th of December, the representatives elected Li Yuanhong as the General Marshal and Huang Xing (1874–1916) as the Vice General Marshal.
On the 1st of January, 1912, the temporary government of the Republic of China established Nanking as its capital, breaking away from the Qing power base in Peking, and elected Sun Yat-sen as the temporary president.
On the 12th of February, 1912, the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, Fu Yi (1906–1967, his English name: Henry) abdicated and the last dynasty ended, and with it ended the entire imperial system which had begun long ago and had lasted in much the same form for 2,000 years. But the imperial family still lived in the Forbidden City inside Peking.
The new republic had its national flag with five colors signifying the unity of five major tribes in China. They were the Han tribe, the Mandarin tribe, the Mongolian tribe, the Muslin tribe, and the Tibetan tribe, represented by horizontal bars of red, yellow, blue, white and black.
But the designs of the national flag for the Republic of China changed a few times, until the design was chosen which eventually became the national flag, now still used in Taiwan: red background with a blue rectangle in the upper left corner, inside of which there is a 12-cornered white star.
With the establishment of the Republic of China, men cut off their queues, or braided pigtails, and wore short hair, more Western style. This style of shaving the front of the head and wearing the hair in a braid was originally imposed as a sign of submission demanded by the first Manchu Emperor. When they invaded the southern territories and occupied the lands of the Han tribe, they forced them to comply, too. If anyone refused to shave his front hair, he would be beheaded. The famous slogan was "Your hair or your head." For that reason, there had been a slaughter in Yangzhou city at that time, lasting for 10 days. Since the Revolution was victorious, now the pigtail had to go.
On the 12thof February, 1912, the last emperor of the Qing dynasty, Fu Yi(1906–1967, his English name: Henry) abdicated and the last dynastyended, and with it ended the entire imperial system which had begunlong ago and had lasted in much the same form for 2,000 years. Butthe imperial family still lived in the Forbidden City inside Peking.
The new republic had itsnational flag with five colors signifying the unity of five majortribes in China. They were the Han tribe, the Mandarin tribe, theMongolian tribe, the Muslin tribe, and the Tibetan tribe, representedby horizontal bars of red, yellow, blue, white and black.
But the designs of thenational flag for the Republic of China changed a few times, untilthe design was chosen which eventually became the national flag, nowstill used in Taiwan: red background with a blue rectangle in theupper left corner, inside of which there is a 12-cornered white star.
With the establishment ofthe Republic of China, men cut off their queues, or braided pigtails,and wore short hair, more Western style. This style of shaving thefront of the head and wearing the hair in a braid was originallyimposed as a sign of submission demanded by the first Manchu Emperor.When they invaded the southern territories and occupied the lands ofthe Han tribe, they forced them to comply, too. If anyone refused toshave his front hair, he would be beheaded. The famous slogan was"Your hair or your head." For that reason, there had been aslaughter in Yangzhou city at that time, lasting for 10 days. Sincethe Revolution was victorious, now the pigtail had to go.
At the same time, women were freed of the custom of binding their feet; in fact, a major campaign was waged to discourage it. That custom had originated more than 1,000 years ago and affected all but the lowest workers, who could hardly afford to cripple themselves. (The Manchu Emperor had tried to ban it in 1664 but few paid any heed, as beauty, after all, comes at a price.) Now the revolution redefined some of the ideals of femininity and definitively freed women from the agony of crushing their feet.
The Qing Dynasty had persisted for almost 300 years. Why didn't it last longer? It was certainly not the fault of the last emperor, who was only three years old when he was put on the throne. The Qing Dynasty had degenerated over time, as most of them do, and corruption had grown worse and worse in the reign of Empress Dowager Cixi (1835–1908), his flamboyant grandmother, the subject of my earlier book Empress Dowager Cixi (Algora, 2002).
In the long history of China, two different women had managed to rule the country for tens of years. The first one was Empress Wu the Great, during the Tang Dynasty (AD 618–907). She read a great deal and trained herself as a politician and ruler. She ruled the country well (Empress Wu the Great, Algora, 2008). But Empress Dowager Cixi was no diplomat, no politician, and no wise ruler. She adopted wrong-headed policies. She came into power because of her status as the empress dowager. In her hands, the mansion of the great empire crumbled just like a house whose wooden beams and pillars are eaten through by white ants. The last emperor would not have been able to support it any more, no matter what.
The Ambition of Yuan Shikai
How Yuan became president of the Republic of China
When the Republic of China set its capital in Nanking on the 1st of January, 1912, Sun Yat-sen was elected temporary president and Li Yuanhong was elected vice president. At that time, the Emperor had not abdicated yet. The battle between the Revolutionary Army and the Qing army was still going on. The new army of the Qing government was organized and trained by Yuan Shikai (1859–1916), its commander. Yuan had a scheme of his own and began seeking a truce with the Revolutionary Army. Then he set his sights on the position of the President of the republic and forced the Emperor to abdicate.
Sun Yat-sen had no army that he himself had organized to support him. He had been elected temporary president owing to his reputation as a firm revolutionary against the Qing Dynasty. The Revolutionary Army was controlled by the governors (warlords) of the separate provinces; they signed an agreement with Yuan and refused to fight Yuan for Sun Yat-sen. Therefore, Sun Yat-sen had to give in. He resigned, and he nominated Yuan for president on the 15th of February. Accordingly, Yuan was named temporary president of the republic. As a rule, the president ought to live in the capital, which was Nanking, not Peking where Yuan lived. Yuan refused to come south because he could not bring his army south and would instead be controlled by the Revolutionary Army. After negotiations, the Revolutionary Army had to give in and let Yuan take office in Peking. But the congress was still in Nanking, controlled by the national Party.
In February 1913, the congress elected Song Jiaoren to be the Premier of the cabinet. At that time, Yuan had Zhao Binjun as his premier. However, on the 20th of March, Song was assassinated at the railway station in Shanghai. When the assassin was caught, evidence on his person linked him to Zhao—actual letters between Zhao and the assassin, no less. So the national Party drew the conclusion that Yuan was behind it. Zhao resigned under pressure from the press. Duan Qirui (1865–1936) was appointed to take over the office of the premier.
After the assassination, Sun Yat-sen, who was at the time on a visit in Japan, came back to Shanghai and summoned a meeting of the national Party. He suggested avenging Yuan with armed force, though some other leaders like Huang Xing tended to appeal to less violent conduct.
On the 26th of April, Yuan asked for a syndicate loan of 25 million British pounds from the lending consortium in China consisting of England, France, Germany, Russia and Japan. The national Party thought that the loan request was illegal, as it would require approval by the congress first. In May, Li Liejun, the governor of Jiangxi province, Hu Hanming, the governor of Guangdong province, and Bo Wenwei, the governor of Anhui province, declared their opposition to the loan. The three governors were all members of the national Party. In June, Yuan gave orders to remove the three from their positions as governors. On the 3rd of July, Yuan sent the sixth division of his new army to Jiangxi province.
Under instructions from Sun Yat-sen, Li Liejun declared the independence of Jiangxi province on the 12th of the same month, and formed a separate headquarters from which to oppose Yuan. On the 15th, Huang Xing reached Nanking and declared the independence of Jiangsu province. Quite a few provinces followed suit.
On the 22nd of July, the national Army from Jiangsu province fought a battle with Yuan's army at Xuzhou of Shandong province and was defeated. The national Army was conquered in some other places, too. Then all the independent provinces had to rescind their declarations of independence. Yuan issued orders to arrest Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, who had already escaped to Japan. This event was called the Second Revolution, but it ended in failure.
On the 6th of October, the congress held a session in Peking and the congressmen were forced to elect Yuan Shikai as president and Li Yuanhong as vice president of the republic. Yuan took the official oath on the 10th of October.
Ingratitude of Republics
By Patito de Hule in forum General Literature
Need Your Help From China
By justinw in forum Pride and Prejudice


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Published On: Wed, Oct 1st, 2014
Religion / US News / World News | By Brandon Jones
Naghmeh Abedini calls on Obama administration for 'decision' to bring Saeed Abedini home
Pastor Saeed Abedini has been in an Iranian jail for over two years now and his wife, Naghmeh, speaks out to call for a stronger move by the Obama administration.
Even though President Obama called on Iranian President Rouhani regarding Saeed and Secretary of State John Kerry has called for the American pastor's release, Naghmeh explains her frustration and what she feels has and has not been done.
It's been frustrating. It took a lot of pressure from the American people for him to say something, make a phone call and then – he did mention Saeed at the prayer breakfast. But, I feel like that decision hasn't been made to use leverage or to put pressure to bring Saeed home. I don't know if his statements have been made to just appease me or the American people. Deep down I don't think there has been a decision made to bring him home because I do believe if that decision had been made, he would be home right now," she tells Townhall.com.
" I believe they're going to use all the leverage that they have for nuclear talks, and I do believe Saeed has been abandoned and forgotten in this process. Again I'm thankful for those statements, but there has to be action to back that up. It's been two years too long."
Naghmeh pours out her heart and soul during the interview and reiterates Saeed's strength in Jesus Christ and what he has overcome.
"He's not denied his faith and under intense persecution and torture, especially early on in his imprisonment, and he's who he is. No matter where he's at, loving people means sharing about how God has changed his life. So that's been who he is. It's not because he's being confined. He's just sharing about hope and life that he's found in Christ – wherever he's gone."
Check out the full interview HERE
The Global Dispatch has spoken to Naghmeh in two exclusive interviews, check them out:
November, 2013 interview
August, 2013 update on Saeed
May, 2013 Naghmeh talks with The Dispatch
Christian persecutionHassan RouhaniIranIran jail ChristiansNaghmeh AbediniPastor Saeed AbediniPersecutedpersecuted christiansPresident ObamaSaeed Abedini

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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module.exports = function() {
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The La Jolla United Methodist Church (LJUMC), along with other churches of the UMC denomination, has been raising awareness and collecting donations toward reducing the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The church has reached the end of the Imagine No Malaria campaign and, having accomplished an inspired pledge total, plans to celebrate.
Since a number of community donations were received after an article announcing the project appeared in La Jolla Light, LJUMC is opening the celebration to all!
The community's African-themed party will start at 11:30 a.m. Sunday, Sept. 28 at La Jolla United Methodist Church, 6063 La Jolla Blvd.
It will be preceded by a 10 a.m. worship service.


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Biografia

Visse sempre in Francia ove, dopo aver conseguito la laurea in medicina, si distinse per le brillanti doti di pubblicista e politico: fu deputato del Parlamento francese e, per breve tempo, ministro dell'agricoltura e del Commercio nel 1848, durante il governo di Odilon Barrot. Bixio è celebre per la sua ascensione con Jean-Augustin Barral a bordo di una mongolfiera riempita con elio, partendo dall'osservatorio di Parigi, che lo portò alla quota di 7000 metri d'altezza.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Flood warning extended for northern Wayne County; fair closes because of flooding
Mike Emery
The National Weather Service has extended a Wayne County flood warning for the northern part of the county until 8:15 p.m. Friday.
The rest of the county is under a flash flood watch.
There was enough flooding, however, to close the Wayne County Fair for Friday, according to the fair's Facebook page. Flooding to the parking area and grounds forced the closure. The page also announced that the fireworks show scheduled for Friday night would be postponed until Saturday night.
In addition, the Wayne County Emergency Management Agency has issued a Level 1 travel advisory for Wayne County, Richmond and Centerville roads until 8 a.m. Saturday.
The travel advisory does not restrict travel on roadways but indicates motorists should remain alert for flooded roadways and ponding of water on roadways. Motorists should not attempt to drive through flooded roadways.


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Michael A. Sherman
15260 Ventura Boulevard, 20th Floor Sherman Oaks, California 91403
Firm: Stubbs Alderton & Markiles, LLP
Stubbs Alderton & Markiles, LLP
Michael Sherman is a Partner of the Firm and Chair of the Business Litigation practice group.
Michael is an accomplished trial lawyer in high-stakes, "bet-the-company" litigation, and has represented both large and early-stage companies as well as entrepreneurs in all facets of business and complex commercial litigation. He has evenly split his litigation practice on both the plaintiff and defense side of cases, has first-chaired numerous trials in complex matters in industries as varied as energy, securities, healthcare, environmental, consumer products, technology, project development/finance, advertising, real estate and apparel, and is highly skilled in class actions and unfair competition law.
Michael's trial skills and courtroom success resulted in his being named several years ago to the "Top 100 Lawyers" in California list, published by the Daily Journal newspaper chain. He has consistently been named to "Best Lawyers in America".Michael has been recognized as a leading trial lawyer by his peers and featured in the press for some of his significant victories on behalf of clients.
He is a recent past president of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Association of Business Trial Lawyers. He is a frequent speaker and writer on business litigation and trial advocacy.Michael has served on the Board of the Los Angeles Chapter of the Association of Business Trial Lawyers. Michael also served as a Board Member and Vice-chair, of Aviva Family and Children's Services, a major Los Angeles nonprofit.Michael has received numerous accolades including: recipient of Aviva's "Spirit of Compassion" Award; Best Lawyers, leading lawyer in Commercial Litigation (2007–2014); Super Lawyers, Southern California (2004–2015); "Top Defense Verdicts of 2009," Daily Journal; "Top 100 Lawyers of 2009," Daily Journal.
Michael received his B.A. from Columbia University and his J.D. from University of California Berkeley School of Law (Boalt Hall). He is admitted to practice law in the State of California.
Litigation - Labor and Employment
Litigation - Mergers and Acquisitions
Litigation - Securities
Trade Secrets Law
Graduated 0
15260 Ventura Boulevard, 20th Floor
Sherman Oaks, California 91403
What is your relation to Michael A. Sherman? Consulted Attorney Current Client Former Client Other


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Lorenzo Pollicini (1603–1656) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (1653–1656).

Biography
Lorenzo Pollicini was born in Bologna, Italy on 9 August 1603.
On 10 November 1653, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent X as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento.
On 16 November 1653, he was consecrated bishop by Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi, Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri, with Giulio Rospigliosi, Titular Archbishop of Tarsus, and Cristofor Segni, Titular Archbishop of Thessalonica, serving as co-consecrators.
He served as Bishop of Avellino e Frigento until his death on 7 July 1656.

References

External links and additional sources
 (for Chronology of Bishops)
 (for Chronology of Bishops)

17th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Bishops appointed by Pope Innocent X
1603 births
1656 deaths


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The simple definition of a limited liability company (LLC) is that it is a form of business entity that limits the liability of its owners while allowing flexibility in operation and management and passing through its income to its members with no tax at the entity level.
Well, that's a pretty easy definition of an LLC, but it leaves a lot of queations unanswered. So, really, what is a limited liability company?
Basic Features of an LLC
The basic features of a limited liability company are:
Its owners have limited liability for the entity's debts and obligations, similar to the status of shareholders in a corporation, and
Its income and losses are normally passed through to the owners as if it were a partnership.
The LLC is probably most like a limited partnership, but without the requirement that there be at least one general partner liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership.
An LLC is a statutory creation. That is, unlike general partnerships which developed under common law, an LLC, like a corporation, is created by filing a document (usually called Articles of Organization) with an officer designated by state law. As the LLC is a statutory entity, the laws governing the LLC set up a particular ramework of rules for the operation and management of the LLC. Generally, most of the statutory rules are considered to be fallback provisions which take effect only if the LLC's operating agreement doesn't provide for guidance on a particular point.
The LLC – a Newcomer
The LLC is a relatively new business entity, at least in the United States. Business entities that bear strong similarities to limited liability companies existed in some European countries, but the first modern LLC statute in the United States was adopted by the Wyoming legislature in 1977. At first, the novel entity was slow to gain acceptance. The second state to enact a limited liability company act was Florida in 1982, five years after Wyoming's act. However, in the 1990's the popularity of the LLC snowballed and by 1997, every state and the District of Columbia had passed statutes allowing the formation of limited liability companies.


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Polewacze (; ) – wieś na Białorusi, w obwodzie witebskim, w rejonie głębockim, w sielsowiecie Prozoroki.

Znajduje tu się przystanek kolejowy Polewacze, położony na linii Połock – Mołodeczno.

Historia
W czasach zaborów w powiecie dzisieńskim, w guberni wileńskiej Imperium Rosyjskiego.

W latach 1921–1945 majątek i osada kolejowa leżały w Polsce, w województwie wileńskim, w powiecie dziśnieńskim, w gminie Prozoroki.

Według Powszechnego Spisu Ludności z 1921 roku zamieszkiwały tu 82 osoby, 55 było wyznania rzymskokatolickiego, 15 prawosławnego a 12 mojżeszowego. Jednocześnie 16 mieszkańców zadeklarowało polską, 54 białoruską a 12 żydowską przynależność narodową. Było tu 9 budynków mieszkalnych. W 1931 majątek w 5 domach zamieszkiwało 33 osób, a osadę kolejową w 1 domu 14 osób.

Wierni należeli do parafii rzymskokatolickiej i prawosławnej w Prozorokach. Miejscowość podlegała pod Sąd Grodzki w Głębokiem i Okręgowy w Wilnie; właściwy urząd pocztowy mieścił się w Prozorokach.

Ulokowana tu była kompania graniczna KOP "Polewacze".

W wyniku napaści ZSRR na Polskę we wrześniu 1939 miejscowość znalazła się pod okupacją sowiecką. 2 listopada została włączona do Białoruskiej SRR. Od czerwca 1941 roku pod okupacją niemiecką. W 1944 miejscowość została ponownie zajęta przez wojska sowieckie i włączona do Białoruskiej SRR.

Od 1991 w składzie niepodległej Białorusi.

Uwagi

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 D. Polewacze na mapie WIG

Wsie w rejonie głębockim


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Journal of Nanomaterials
Journal of Nanomaterials/
AbstractIntroductionResults and DiscussionConclusionsAcknowledgmentsReferencesCopyrightRelated Articles
1D Nanostructures: Controlled Fabrication and Energy Applications
UV-Ozone Treatment on Cs2CO3 Interfacial Layer for the Improvement of Inverted Polymer Solar Cells
Yusheng Xin,1Zixuan Wang,1Lu Xu,1Xiaowei Xu,1Yang Liu,1and Fujun Zhang1
Academic Editor: Jian Wei
Received11 Nov 2012
Revised24 Dec 2012
Accepted04 Jan 2013
Published18 Feb 2013
Inverted configuration polymer solar cells (IPSCs) were prepared by using Cs2CO3 modified indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates as cathode and MoO3/Al as anode, ITO/Cs2CO3/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Al. The interfacial Cs2CO3 layers were conducted with annealing treatment and different time UV-Ozone treatment. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of IPSCs was improved to 1% when the UV-Ozone treatment time is 15 minutes, with the open-circuit voltage of 0.48 V, short-circuit current density of 5.4 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 39%. The improvement of IPSCs should be attributed to the increased electron transporting and collection ability of Cs2CO3 layer induced by UV-Ozone treatment. The underlying mechanism of PCE improvement was discussed in terms of series and shunt resistance of cells induced by UV-Ozone treatment on Cs2CO3 layer, and the mole ratio of Cs to O of Cs2CO3 layer with different UV-Ozone treatment was investigated by scanning electron microscopy operating in the mode for in situ energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra.
Polymer solar cells (PSCs) have attracted more and more attention as next-generation solar cells, owing to their merits of flight weight, lower cost, and friendly environments [1–3]. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells has undergone a more than tenfold increase from ~1.0% by Tang in 1986 to ~10% in 2012 announced by Heliatek GmbH [4]. Along with the PCE increase of PSCs, the stability of PSCs is another key parameter for its application. The conventional structure PSCs are commonly prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates or ITO coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) substrates as anode and low work function metals as top cathode [5, 6]. However, metals with low work function are not very stable as the top electrode due to their sensitivity to oxygen and moisture in air. In order to improve the stability of PSCs, inverted configuration PSCs were designed with low work function materials modified ITO as the transparent cathode and a high work function metal as anode, which could effectively avoid the device degradation induced by the contamination of metal cathodes. Liao et al. demonstrate a highly efficient inverted bulk heterojunction PSCs based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenylC61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) with a low temperature annealed interfacial buffer layer, cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3). This approach improves the power conversion efficiency of IPSCs from 2.3% to 4.2% [7]. Recently, Shim et al. reported inverted tandem PSCs with two identical active layers comprising a donor (P3HT) and a fullerene derivative acceptor PC60BM, and the PCE of inverted tandem PSCs arrives to about 2.1% [8]. The most commonly used material system for PSCs consists of conjugated polymers as the electron donor and fullerene derivatives as the electron acceptor materials, blended in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) to overcome the strong excitonic behavior of photogenerated charge carriers. The interpenetrated network of the donor-acceptor blend in the BHJ structure provides charge separation and charge transportation properties for achieving high efficiency. It is imperative that a bicontinuous network with a domain width approximately twice that of the exciton diffusion length and a high donor/acceptor interface is formed, which favors the exciton dissociation and transport of the separated charges to the respective electrode. The active layer could be easily prepared by spin coating, inkjet printing, spray coating, gravure coating, and roller casting, which makes them feasible for preparing large scale PSCs [9, 10]. The main factors limiting the PSCs and IPSCs performance could be summarized as follows [11–13]: (i) incomplete solar spectrum absorption, (ii) thermalization of hot carriers (or excitons) in the form of excess heat, (iii) chemical potential (thermodynamic) losses dictating that the photovoltage must be less than band gap for relaxed carriers, (iv) radiative recombination during charge carrier transport, and (v) the presence of other nonradiative losses.
Some effective methods were carried out to improve the performance of PSCs, such as thermal treatment, solvent treatment, adding additives, and inserting ultrathin buffer layers [14–19]. Sun and coworkers reported that PCE of the IPSCs based on P3HT: indene-C70 bisadduct was improved from 5.80% for the device without the additive to 6.35% for the device with 3-hexylthiophene additive and to 6.69% with 3-methylthiophene additive [17]. Oo et al. successfully exploited solution processed, high electron mobility and highly transparent zinc tin oxide (ZTO) as electron transporting buffer layer in IPSCs of FTO/ZTO/P3HT:PCBM/WO3/Ag. The PCE of 3.05% was achieved, which was attributed to a better electron transporting, hole blocking capacities, and reduced recombination probabilities at electron collecting electrode with ZTO layer [19]. Park and his coworkers reported a facile and effective treatment method for controlling the morphology of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structured polymer-based solar cells (PSCs) using a gas-assisted spray (g-spray) technique [20]. In order to achieve highly efficient IPSCs, it is critical to improve the electron collection of modified ITO electrode as well as suppress its hole collection. For IPSCs, the order of the layers is reversed with the top metal electrode now being the hole collecting anode. Low work function metals or metal oxidation, such as calcium, ZnO or Cs2CO3, are typically used to modified ITO substrates, and higher work function metals or metal oxidation, such as silver, gold, or MoO3/Al, are selected as top anode in the IPSCs [21–24]. In this paper, we investigated the different UV-Ozone treatment time on the buffer layer Cs2CO3 on the effect of IPSCs performance.
2. Experimental Details
The indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates (sheet resistance 15 Ω/□) were cleaned consecutively in ultrasonic baths containing acetone, ethanol, and deionized water and dried by high pure nitrogen gas. The cleaned ITO substrates were treated by UV-Ozone for 10 min. The Cs2CO3 was dissolved in 2-ethoxyethanol or deionized water with the concentration 1 mg/mL and then spin-coated onto the ITO substrates at the speed of 4000 rpm for 40 seconds. The ITO substrates coated with Cs2CO3 thin film were transferred to a hot plate and annealed at 150°C for 20 min. Parts of Cs2CO3-coated ITO subtractes were treated by UV-Ozone with different time. Polymer electron donor P3HT and electron acceptor PC60BM were dissolved in chloroform with concentration 20 mg/mL, respectively, and then blended together with the same weight ratio. The blended solution was spin coated on Cs2CO3 coated ITO substrates at the speed of 2000 rpm for 30 seconds. The substrates coated with active layers were transferred to a vacuum chamber, and a 5 nm thickness layer of MoO3 was deposited on the active layer under 5 × 10−3 Pa vacuum. The film thickness was monitored by a quartz crystal microbalance. The aluminum (Al) cathode with the thickness of 100 nm and the active area about 0.1 cm2 defined through foursquare shadow mask was evaporated under 5 × 10−3 Pa conditions. The prepared IPSCs (ITO/Cs2CO3/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3(5 nm)/Al) were carried out postannealing treatment under 120°C for 10 min.
The absorption spectra were measured by Shimadzu UV-3101 PC spectrometer. The current-voltage characteristics of IPSCs were measured by a Keithley source meter 2410 in dark and under illumination at 100 mW/cm2 by using a 150 W Xenon lamp. The morphology of thin films was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The schematic diagrams of inverted configuration polymer solar cells and its energy level alignment are shown in Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of inverted configuration polymer solar cells and its energy level alignment.
The absorption spectra of P3HT, PCBM, pristine P3HT:PCBM, and annealed P3HT:PCBM film are shown in the Figure 2. The electron donor material P3HT has a relative large absorption range from 450 nm to 600 nm, and its absorption peak locates at 517 nm. The electron acceptor material PCBM has a strong absorption peak at 300 nm and a weak absorption range from 400 nm to 550 nm. The blended P3HT:PCBM films show a distinguished blue shift of absorption peak at 480 nm compared with 517 nm of neat P3HT films. After annealing treatment on the blended film by 120°C with 10 min, the main absorption peak shifts to the 510 nm, and a shoulder absorption peak at 603 nm was observed. The variation of blended P3HT:PCBM absorption spectra should be attributed to the increased order phase of P3HT induced by annealing treatment, which was demonstrated by our pervious works and other groups [25–28].
The absorption spectra of P3HT, PCBM, and the blended films.
All the inverted configuration polymer solar cells have the same cell configuration of ITO/Cs2CO3/P3HT:PCBM/MoO3/Al; the only difference of each cell is UV-Ozone treatment time on Cs2CO3 interfacial layer. It was reported that Cs2CO3 decomposes into stoichiometric Cs2O doped with Cs2O2 during thermal evaporation [29]. Liao and coworkers reported that the work function of annealed Cs2CO3 layer decreases from 3.45 to 3.06 eV by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy [30]. The work function reduction could be attributed to this doped cesium oxide that behaves as a n-type semiconductor, with a lower interface resistance than pristine Cs2CO3. The ITO/Cs2CO3 was used as cathode to collect electron from the active layer. The MoO3/Al was used as anode to collect hole from the active layer. The insertion of MoO3 layer was found to be critical to the device performance, effectively extracting holes to prevent the exciton quenching and reducing the interfacial resistance because of alignment of energy levels [31]. It was demonstrated that ultrathin MoO3 layer may form a tunneling junction to increase built-in electric field, an interfacial dipole layer to shift the work function of electrodes [32]. The IPSCs characteristic curves dependence on the UV-Ozone treatment time on Cs2CO3 under 100 mW/cm2 are shown in the Figure 3. All the key parameters of IPSCs, including open circuit voltage ( ), short circuit current density ( ), fill factor (FF), power conversion efficiency (PCE), shunt resistance ( ), and series resistance ( ), are summarized in the Table 1.
The key parameters of fabricated inverted polymer solar cells.
The curves of IPSCs with different time UV-Ozone treatment on Cs2CO3 films under the illumination of 100 mW/Cm2.
The was monotonously decreased along with increase of UV-Ozone treatment time on Cs2CO3 layer. However, the was firstly increased and then decreased when the UV-Ozone treatment time goes beyond 15 minutes. The maximum PCE of IPSCs arrives to 1% when the Cs2CO3 layer was treated by UV-Ozone with 15 minutes, which resulted from the increased and FF, the decreased . It is known that the three parameters are very sensitive to the variation of series resistance ( ) and shunt resistance ( ). The of solar cells depends on resistance of the semiconductor bulk, the metal electrodes, and the metal/semiconductor interfaces. The of cells is a parasitic, power consuming parameter. It decreases the maximum achievable output power, and hence it softens the characteristics of a solar cell in the fourth quadrant. As seen from Table 1, the FF is also increased from 33% to 39% along with the decrease of from 88 to 47 Ω·cm2, which could be the enhancement of electronic coupling between the inorganic materials cesium oxides and active layer to mediate better forward charge transfer and reduce back charge recombination at the interface. The is relative to the recombination of charge carriers at the donor/acceptor interface and near electrodes. The was increased from 266 to 354 Ω·cm2, which decreased the charge recombination between the buffer layer and the active layer interface. The combined effect of the decreased and increased on charge carrier transport and collection results in the increase of and the reverse current saturation.
The dark characteristic curves of all IPSCs are shown in Figure 4. All the IPSCs with Cs2CO3 layer undergoing UV-Ozone treatment have shown remarkable diodes prosperities, high forward current, and very low reverse current. However, there is a "S" shape curve in the forward bias region for the cells based on Cs2CO3 layer without UV-Ozone treatment, resulting in the limit of charge carriers transport and collection. It is very apparent that the reverse dark current was markedly increased when the Cs2CO3 layer was UV-Ozone treatment about 20 minutes, and the high dark current in the reverse bias region can be attributed to the leakage current in reverse bias mode, resulting in much more charge carrier interfacial recombination and the decrease of short circuit current density.
The curves of IPSCs with different time UV-Ozone treatment on Cs2CO3 films in the dark.
Figure 5 shows the SEM images of ITO substrate and Cs2CO3 film on ITO substrates, and it is apparent that snowflake-like morphology of Cs2CO3 was observed. However, the Cs2CO3 films could not completely covered ITO surfaces when the Cs2CO3 films were prepared under the low spin coating conditions (500 rpm). In order to further confirm the effect of Cs2CO3 film modified ITO substrates on the performance of IPSCs. The elemental analysis of thick Cs2CO3 film with different treatments, annealing treatment, and UV-Ozone treatment with different time was collected by SEM operating in the mode for in situ energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra. The weight and mol percent of Si, O, Cs, In, and Sn elements were measured, and the mole ratio of O to Cs was summarized in the Table 2. The X-ray of In, Sn, O, and Si from ITO substrates could be collected due to the thin and discontinuous Cs2CO3 layer. Therefore, the relative ratio of Cs atom to O atom was simply discussed, which may be caused by UV-Ozone treatment on Cs2CO3 and the thickness of Cs2CO3 film and uncovered ITO surface.
Element analysis of Cs2CO3 film with different time of UV-Ozone treatment.
SEM pictures of (a) ITO surface, ((b)–(d)) Cs2CO3 films on ITO substrate with different magnification.
A series of IPSCs based on the P3HT:PCBM as the active layer were fabricated with ITO/Cs2CO3 as cathode and MoO3/Al as anode. The performances of IPSCs were enhanced when the Cs2CO3 layer was treated by UV-Ozone with 15 minutes, which should be attributed to the enhancement of carrier transport and collection by Cs2CO3 layer. The maximum PCE of IPSCs arrives to 1% with the open circuit voltage of 0.48V, short circuit current density of 5.4 mA/cm2, and fill factor of 39%.
The authors express their thanks to Beijing Natural Science Foundation (2122050); Basic Research Foundation of the Central Universities (2013JBZ004). F. Zhang thanks the support from the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, CAS.
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Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are liver-resident mesenchymal stem cells, critical for liver regeneration. In this webcast, Friederike Rohn present evidence that coating culture plates with laminin-521, an important element of their niche in the space of Disse, improve hepatic stellate cell (HSC) adhesion and better preserved their retinoid stores as well as quiescence- and stem cell-associated phenotype.
Here, Dr. Halima Albalushi describes the short-term effects of Biolaminin 521 on the expression of different genes in feeder-cell-derived hES cell lines after being transferred to and cultured on Biolaminin 521.
Here, PhD student Julian Wagner decipher the role of the microenvironment underlying the impairment of endothelial cell functions by aging. Mimicking age-related modulation of laminin β1 versus β2 chain expression changes the functional properties and phenotype of endothelial cells.
Dr. Roger Rönn presents his research on how to make blood from human pluripotent stem cells using laminin and hypoxic conditions.


We are officially in a drought here in North-East Ohio. We are between 5 and 8 inches below normal. Most lawns in our development are looking quite yellow these days. Fortunately, we got our first rain in quite a while yesterday with a chance of more rain today so we had high hopes for our sod installation which was scheduled for today.
Next week the weather is in the high 70s, low 80s which means a far better change of our grass to get attached and take root. With the weather being MUCH nicer by Friday - and far less humid as well - we now have our sod delivery and install scheduled for that day.


text:
package cgeo.geocaching.maps.google.v2;

import cgeo.geocaching.location.IConversion;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import com.google.android.gms.maps.GoogleMap;

public class GoogleCachesList {

    protected static final double CIRCLE_RADIUS = 528.0 * IConversion.FEET_TO_KILOMETER * 1000.0;
    public static final float ZINDEX_GEOCACHE = 4;
    public static final float ZINDEX_WAYPOINT = 3;
    public static final float ZINDEX_CIRCLE = 2;

    private Collection<MapObjectOptions> options;

    private final GoogleMapObjectsQueue mapObjects;

    public GoogleCachesList(final GoogleMap googleMap) {
        mapObjects = new GoogleMapObjectsQueue(googleMap);
    }

    private static Set<MapObjectOptions> diff(final Collection<MapObjectOptions> one, final Collection<MapObjectOptions> two) {
        final Set<MapObjectOptions> set = new HashSet<>(one);
        set.removeAll(two);
        return set;
    }

    public void redraw(@NonNull final Collection<? extends MapObjectOptionsFactory> itemsPre, final boolean showCircles) {
        final Collection<MapObjectOptions> options = updateMapObjectOptions(itemsPre, showCircles);
        updateMapObjects(options);
    }

    private void updateMapObjects(@NonNull final Collection<MapObjectOptions> options) {
        if (this.options == options) {
            return; // rare, can happen, be prepared if happens
        }
        if (this.options == null) {
            this.options = options;
            mapObjects.requestAdd(this.options);
        } else {
            final Collection<MapObjectOptions> toRemove = diff(this.options, options);
            final Collection<MapObjectOptions> toAdd = toRemove.size() == this.options.size() ? options : diff(options, this.options);
//            Log.i("From original " + this.options.size()  + " items will be " + toAdd.size() + " added and " + toRemove.size() + " removed to match new count " + options.size());
            this.options = options;

            mapObjects.requestRemove(toRemove);
            mapObjects.requestAdd(toAdd);
        }
    }

    private Collection<MapObjectOptions> updateMapObjectOptions(final Collection<? extends MapObjectOptionsFactory> items, final boolean showCircles) {
        final Collection<MapObjectOptions> options = new ArrayList<>(items.size());
        for (final MapObjectOptionsFactory factory : items) {
            Collections.addAll(options, factory.getMapObjectOptions(showCircles));
        }
        return options;
    }

}


text:
Elfrid Payton, Jr., né le  à Gretna en Louisiane, est un joueur américain de basket-ball. Il évolue au poste de meneur.

Biographie

Carrière universitaire
En 2011, il rejoint les Ragin' Cajuns de la Louisiane en NCAA.

Le 21 avril 2014, il se présente à la draft 2014 de la NBA.

Le 19 mai, les Hawks d'Atlanta, qui disposent du  de la draft, se montrent intéressés par Payton. Le 20 juin, il est invité pour un second work-out par les Lakers de Los Angeles, qui possèdent le  de draft.

Carrière professionnelle

Magic d'Orlando (2014-Fév.2018)
Le 26 juin 2014, lors de la draft 2014 de la NBA, il est choisi en  par les 76ers de Philadelphie avant d'être échangé au Magic d'Orlando contre Dario Šarić () qui lui est envoyé à Philadelphie.

Suns de Phoenix (Fév.-Juin.2018)
Payton part aux Suns de Phoenix en février 2018, dans un échange contre un choix au second tour de la draft 2018.

A la fin de la saison 2017-2018, il n'est pas conservé par les Suns et devient agent libre.

Pelicans de La Nouvelle-Orléans (2018-2019)
Le  juillet 2018, il signe avec les Pelicans de La Nouvelle-Orléans.

Le 17 octobre 2018, lors de son premier match avec les Pelicans, Payton réalise le premier triple-double de la saison 2018-2019 de la NBA, avec 10 points, 10 rebonds, 10 passes décisives contre les Rockets de Houston.

Lors de cette même saison il réalise entre le 10 et 19 mars 2019, 5 Triple-double consécutifs. Seuls 4 autres joueurs avaient déjà réalisé une telle performance : Wilt Chamberlain, Oscar Robertson, Michael Jordan et Russell Westbrook.

Knicks de New York (2019-2021)
Le 1 juillet 2019, il signe pour deux saisons avec les Knicks de New York. Il est coupé par les Knicks en novembre 2020 pour ensuite re-signer avec la franchise new-yorkaise pour un contrat d'un an et 5 millions de dollars.

Style de jeu
Payton est un habile rebondeur et n'hésite pas à prendre un match à son compte si son équipe a besoin de lui. Payton est aussi un excellent passeur, plutôt un bon point pour un meneur, son profil très complet reste un plus non négligeable. Seul bémol, son tir extérieur est faiblard et il perd beaucoup trop de ballons, mais a un gros potentiel comme le prouve une très bonne fin de saison 2016-2017, avec notamment plusieurs triples doubles enchaînés..

Palmarès et distinctions

Palmarès

En sélection nationale
  Médaillé d'or à la Coupe du monde 2013 des U19 en République tchèque.

Distinctions personnelles

En NCAA
 2x First Team All-Sun Belt (2013, 2014).
 1x Lefty Driesell Award (2014).
 1x Sun Belt Defensive Player of the Year (2014).

En NBA
 1x NBA All-Rookie First Team en 2015.
 1x Rookie du mois de la Conférence Est en janvier 2015.

Statistiques

Universitaires
Les statistiques d'Elfrid Payton en matchs universitaires sont les suivantes :

|-
| align="left" | 2011-2012
| align="left" | Louisiane
| 32 || 10 || 22,7 || 44,8 || 0,0 || 56,8 || 3,56 || 3,03 || 1,16 || 0,28 || 7,16
|-
| align="left" | 2012-2013
| align="left" | Louisiane
| 33 || 33 || 35,5 || 47,5 || 32,0 || 64,3 || 5,58 || 5,48 || 2,42 || 0,64 || 15,91
|-
| align="left" | 2013-2014
| align="left" | Louisiane
| 35 || 35 || 35,9 || 50,9 || 25,9 || 60,9 || 6,00 || 5,94 || 2,29 || 0,60 || 19,20
|-bgcolor=#e9d9ff
| align="left" colspan="2" | Total
| 100 || 78 || 31,5 || 48,5 || 26,8 || 61,2 || 5,08 || 4,86 || 1,97 || 0,51 || 14,26

Professionnelles

Saison régulière

|-
| align="left" | 2014-2015
| align="left" | Orlando
| 82 || 63 || 30,3 || 42,5 || 26,2 || 55,1 || 4,26 || 6,50 || 1,73 || 0,24 || 8,91
|-
| align="left" | 2015-2016
| align="left" | Orlando
| 73 || 69 || 29,4 || 43,6 || 32,6 || 58,9 || 3,58 || 6,41 || 1,22 || 0,27 || 10,66
|-
| align="left" | 2016-2017
| align="left" | Orlando
| 82 || 58 || 29,4 || 47,3 || 27,4 || 69,2 || 4,76 || 6,45 || 1,05 || 0,49 || 12,76
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;"| 2017-2018
| align="left" | Orlando
| 44 || 44 || 28,6 || 52,0 || 37,3 || 63,2 || 3,95 || 6,25 || 1,45 || 0,36 || 13,02
|-
| align="left" | Phoenix
| 19 || 19 || 29,0 || 43,5 || 20,0 || 68,5 || 5,26 || 6,21 || 1,00 || 0,32 || 11,79
|-
| align="left" | 2018-2019
| align="left" | La Nouvelle-Orléans
| 42 || 42 || 29,8 || 43,4 || 31,4 || 74,3 || 5,24 || 7,62 || 1,05 || 0,40 || 10,62
|-
| align="left" | 2019-2020
| align="left" | New York
| 45 || 36 || 27,7 || 43,9 || 20,3 || 57,0 || 4,71 || 7,18 || 1,56 || 0,38 || 9,98
|-
| align="left" | 2020-2021
| align="left" | New York
| 63 || 63 || 23,6 || 43,2 || 28,6 || 68,2 || 3,43 || 3,22 || 0,75 || 0,14 || 10,14
|-
| align="left" | 2021-2022
| align="left" | Phoenix
| 50 || 1 || 11,0 || 38,3 || 22,2 || 37,5 || 1,76 || 1,98 || 0,50 || 0,12 || 3,00
|-bgcolor=#e9d9ff
| align="left" colspan="2" | Total
| 500 || 395 || 26,8 || 44,7 || 28,7 || 62,3 || 4,01 || 5,74 || 1,18 || 0,30 || 10,07

Mise à jour le 14 avril 2022

Playoffs

|-
| align="left" | 2021
| align="left" | New York
| 2 || 2 || 6,5 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 50,0 || 0,00 || 0,50 || 0,50 || 0,00 || 0,50
|-
| align="left" | 2022
| align="left" | Phoenix
| 2 || 0 || 3,8 || 66,7 || 0,0 || 0,0 || 0,00 || 1,50 || 0,00 || 0,00 || 2,00
|-bgcolor=#e9d9ff
| align="left" colspan="2" | Total
| 4 || 2 || 5,2 || 25,0 || 0,0 || 50,0 || 0,00 || 1,00 || 0,30 || 0,00 || 1,30

Mise à jour le 16 mai 2022

Records sur une rencontre en NBA
Les records personnels d'Elfrid Payton en NBA sont les suivants :

 Double-double : 68
 Triple-double : 17
Dernière mise à jour :

Salaires

Note : * Pour la saison 2014-2015, le salaire moyen d'un joueur évoluant en NBA est de .

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en février 1994
Naissance à Gretna (Louisiane)
Joueur américain de basket-ball
Joueur de basket-ball des Ragin' Cajuns de Louisiana-Lafayette
Joueur drafté par les 76ers de Philadelphie
Joueur du Magic d'Orlando
Joueur des Suns de Phoenix
Joueur des Pelicans de La Nouvelle-Orléans
Joueur des Knicks de New York


Man of Steel is a genuine box office hit for Warner Bros., with the studio announcing last week that Man of Steel 2 is already in development and director Zack Snyder will return to helm. Today, insiders close to the production are claiming that Mark Strong is wanted by both Zack Snyder and Warner Bros. as Lex Luthor for this sequel.
It isn't known if the studio has made an offer to Mark Strong just yet, nor has it been confirmed that Lex Luthor will even be the primary villain in this follow-up. However, eagle-eyed viewers who saw Man of Steel in theaters over the past two weeks may have noticed the LexCorp logo on a truck towards the end of the film. Henry Cavill and Amy Adams are expected to return as Superman/Clark Kent and Lois Lane.
David S. Goyer is currently working on the first draft of the Man of Steel 2 screenplay, with producer Christopher Nolan overseeing the story development. However, a report from last week has revealed that Christopher Nolan's involvement may not be as "full blown" in terms of this sequel, as he focuses his directorial eye on the sci-fi thriller Interstellar.
An unidentified source close to the studio confirms that pre-production will get started between October and December of this year, with principal photography to start in early 2014. This seems to contradict another report from last week, which claimed that Warner Bros. wants to release this sequel in 2014. Could they shoot in January in time to have the movie in theaters by Christmas 2014?
Mark Strong is no stranger to the DC Comics superhero world, having played the villainous Sinestro in 2011's Green Lantern.


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LONDONS INDUSTRIAL ESTATE SHORTAGE SOLUTIONS
Even if in the region of 7,000 hectares, industrial estate land in London is in decline. What is the answer to this?
Over the period 2010-2015 for example, the Capital's stock of industrial land fell by over 500 hectares, with a significant release of land coming from Strategic Industrial Locations despite the fact those had in the past received a strong measure of protection.
Across the UK it's the same story, with many regions starved of supply of industrial land. Whilst slow planning processes have had something of an impact, it is the gradual loss of industrial land to other uses, such as residential, that has had the greatest effect.
London is a prime example of this 'industrial land grab'. With the Capital's population expected to grow from 8.9 million to 10 million by 2031 according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS), it is London's industrial land that is being sacrificed. Over the past decade, industrial land in London has diminished by approximately 100 hectares per year.
Demand however for industrial estates in London has risen steeply, especially in the distribution and logistics sector which is fuelling demand for industrial estates London wide. The increase in online shopping and home and workplace deliveries has put a considerable strain on the logistics supply chain, energising rental growth and leading to demand outstripping supply.
What is the answer to the industrial estate land shortage?
Industrial and logistics developers are turning creative when it comes to meeting demand, and there are two emerging potential solutions to the industrial estate shortage in London that are being seriously considered. Let's take a look at them.
Solution 1: Multi-storey industrial units
Instead of building out, the trend to build up may soon be commonplace as a solution to the industrial estate shortage in London.
There is currently only one multi-storey industrial unit in the UK, but the concept is strong in Munich and Paris and industrial agency experts feel that it is only a matter of time before the blueprint is widely adopted throughout the UK.
Solution 2: Co-location
With much of the pressure on industrial land emanating from residential development, the potential for mixed-use residential environments is under serious consideration.
Whilst historically the market has approached industrial estate combined with residential development with scepticism, the fact is that innovative solutions like this are in high demand. Industrial-residential development rests on intelligent access planning to ensure that residential use does not conflict with commercial traffic. In east London, Poplar Business Park is a good example of a current development of this nature that is working well, with light industrial premises occupying the ground floor beneath residential towers.
The 'sheds and beds' idea of people living next door to an industrial park in London may seem somewhat peculiar, but the concept is proving popular, especially in locations like the Capital where industrial land is scarce and the population is growing. Strategies such as noise-restricting glass fitted to homes nearest to warehousing and the busiest industrial estates in order to reduce any potential noise pollution, together with rows of planted trees to effectively separate the two building types, all help to make the idea of co-location a lot more palatable.
Builder's merchant Travis Perkins has already partnered with student accommodation providers such as Unite Group to develop units above some of its central London sites, and it is intending to extend the concept throughout more of its estate. Industrial agency specialists say that multi-storey and mixed-use industrial schemes are all becoming real possibilities with many in the stages of pre-planning, planning or development.
Find an industrial estate in London with help from Dohertybaines
If you are seeking industrial estate land in London or the Home Counties that is specifically suited to your individual operation, whether that's distribution and logistics, manufacturing, transport, utilities or waste or service activities, talk to Dohertybaines. Our experts offer in-depth expertise across all aspects of industrial property and commercial warehousing. For the advice you need, contact our team.


Start with 1 for the straight path through the routine.
Add 1 for each of the following keywords, or their equivalents: if, while, repeat, and, or.
These begin said, I personally think this method is far from perfect. Yet it is easy to understand and apply. Also, the studies show an improve in code quality when using it. Wouldn't it be nice to be intergated in your IDE?


Guava paste is a fun ingredient to work with. It has all the floral sweetness of the tropical fruit, but it's cooked down until it thickens so much that you can cut it into cubes when cooled. L.A.-based chef Makani Gerardi balances the paste's sweetness with spice and smoky rum in her complex sauce, which is a great marinade for meat and fish, or a great spread for any sandwich.
We think half of a seeded habanero is plenty to add on to the spice of the Sriracha. However, if you're inclined to kick up the heat quite a bit, blend the sauce with the other half.
To learn more, read "Makani Gerardi's Secret Weapon."
1. In a medium saucepan, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat. Add the onions and cook until soft and light brown around the edges, 8 minutes.
2. Add the remaining ingredients, except the habanero and salt, then bring to a simmer. Cook, stirring occasionally until slightly thickened, 12 to 15 minutes.
3. Remove from the heat and transfer to a blender with the habanero. Purée until smooth, then season with salt. Allow to cool completely before using, then store in the refrigerator for up to 1 week.


Upon The Roman Emperor's Acceptance Of Christianity, How Did The Religion's Status Change?
Home / Spirituality / Upon The Roman Emperor's Acceptance Of Christianity, How Did The Religion's Status Change?
Upon The Roman Emperor's Acceptance Of Christianity, How Did The Religion's Status Change? – Christianity and the followers of this young religion suffered a lot until the first Roman Emperor started to endorse it. Although, it is one of the latest religions of the planet, Christianity knows a vast history. The early Christians tried to spread the religion, even if they were facing certain death.
Christianity was an illegal religion in The Roman Empire. In 250, Decius ordered the persecution of Christians and spreaders of the religion. Hundreds of early Christians face persecution all over the Roman Empire. But this changed in the next century.
Constantine the Roman Emperor was born in 280. During his leading of the Empire, Christians became more and more free to practice their religion. Therefore, we have the answer.
Well, after Constantine started to endorse Christianity and became a Christian himself, Christians were free to practice their religion, not longer being persecuted. Therefore, Christianity became legal.
Although its status faced an even bigger change. Although Constantine died in 337, Christianity managed to spread and become stronger with each day. Until 381, when Christianity became the state religion of The Roman Empire.
Therefore there are two important answers to the question Upon The Roman Emperor's Acceptance Of Christianity, How Did The Religion's Status Change?
The first answer is that Christianity became legal to practice. Christians no longer facing persecution. And being free to practice their beliefs.
And the second answer is that Christianity was made the Roman Empire's official religion.
After becoming the official religion of the whole Roman Empire, Christianity started to spread. Becoming unstoppable. Christianity, even though a relatively young religion, has the biggest number of followers on the planet. With almost two an a half billions of followers.
Previous How Would You Answer Someone Accusing Christianity Of Exclusivism?
Next What Are Three Causes Of The Great Schism In Christianity?


Randall Eugene Wagner was assigned to the HQSQ, 2NDMAW, FMF.
Please contact us with any biographical data, pictures or other information regarding the service and life of Randall Wagner, Purple Heart recipient.
The contained information on Randall Eugene Wagner is gathered and extracted from military records from a variety of sources. This material in no way represents this serviceman's complete military record; we welcome additional material. If you can help add to Randall Wagner's military record please contact us. This can include award citations and photos.


text:
Home / Copyrights of Digital Materials and Software Procedures
Copyrights of Digital Materials and Software Procedures
2. Procedures
a) Designating an Agent to Receive Notices
b) Linking to Copyright Policy and Education Materials
c) DMCA Process and Other Means of Responding to Complaints of Copyright Infringement
d) Choice of Response to Copyright Complaints
e) DMCA Processes: Take-down and Notice
f) DMCA Processes: Counter-notification
Title II of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (the "DMCA," amending Title 17 of the United States Code) provides procedures that may be used by an Internet Service Provider ("ISP") in dealing with claims of infringement. The University of Virginia is an ISP for its own communities of students, faculty and staff and for others using the UVa domain - signified by the address "virginia.edu" or within the range of Internet protocol addresses assigned to UVa.
The University will follow the following process if it receives a notice from a copyright owner alleging an infringement:
The University will decide whether it can - and wishes to - use the DMCA process.
If the University qualifies for the DMCA process and wishes to follow the law's detailed procedures, it will respond to the notice by giving notice to the owner of the page, taking down the allegedly infringing material.
If the page owner files a counter-notification, the University will respond to the counter-notice and repost the material unless the complainer files an action to obtain a restraining order.
If the University cannot or chooses not to use the DMCA process, it will respond the way it has responded to any allegation of infringement prior to passage of the DMCA.
The material below explains these and related matters in greater detail.
Designating an Agent to Receive Notices
To use the DMCA process, the University is required to make it easy for copyright owners to provide information about alleged infringements. To meet this responsibility, the University has publicly designated an agent to receive such information (see 37 CFR 201.38). The University's agent is registered with the U.S. Copyright Office, and the listing of agents is available on-line at https://www.copyright.gov/onlinesp/list/index.html. The University's agent is:
Robert M. Tyler
Associate University Counsel
(telephone) (434) 924-3586
(facsimile) (434) 982-3070
(e-mail) [email protected]
The agent, in consultation with the Office of the University Counsel, will make the determinations described below regarding responses to complaints alleging copyright infringement, including whether the institution wishes to use the DMCA procedures and whether a notice received is sufficient under the law.
Linking to Copyright Policy and Education Materials
The DMCA requires that the University provide information to all of its Internet-service users accurately describing and urging compliance with copyright law. The University has established policy on this topic (see, for example, the University's Acceptable Use of the University's Information Technology Resources policy), and it provides links to educational resources on copyright at http://copyright.library.virginia.edu. It periodically calls attention to both.
DMCA Process and Other Means of Responding to Complaints of Copyright Infringement
The University may use the Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) process for handling allegations of copyright violations within the University's domain if it is acting as a content-neutral Internet service provider (ISP) and not as a content provider. The University assumes editorial responsibility for official UVa websites and official UVa on-line resources, which are defined as the official web pages or on-line materials of University schools, departments, divisions and other units. For these sites and resources, UVa is the content provider and not a content-neutral ISP. You may also find within the UVa domain - signified by the address "virginia.edu" or within the range of Internet protocol addresses assigned to the University of Virginia - websites or on-line materials over which the University has no editorial responsibility or control. Such sites include but are not limited to the Web pages or other on-line materials of individual faculty members or students, individual class sites and materials, and the Web pages or on-line materials of student organizations and other organizations not formally a part of the University. For these sites and materials, UVa is a content-neutral ISP and may choose to use the DMCA process for handling copyright-infringement complaints.
Choice of Response to Copyright Complaints
Even if the University is eligible to use the DMCA-defined processes, which are entirely voluntary for both copyright owners and ISPs, there may be times when it will not use them, especially when alternatives will more quickly resolve the matter to the satisfaction of all parties. If the University chooses the DMCA-defined processes, it will follow the sequence of steps described in the next two sections.
DMCA Processes: Take-down and Notice
The DMCA-defined processes involve the following steps on the part of the University:
The University will evaluate the notice to be sure it substantially conforms to the statutory requirements: The notice must have all of the following:
A physical or digital signature of the owner of an exclusive copyright right (i.e., the copyright owner himself or the owner's exclusive licensee of the right(s) to reproduce, distribute, display, perform or create derivatives) or the owner's authorized agent;
A description of the works claimed to be infringed;
A description of the allegedly infringing works, sufficient to enable the agent to find them;
Sufficient information to enable the agent to contact the complainer;
A statement that the complainer believes in good faith that the use of the material is not authorized by the owner, the owner's agent or the law; and
A statement that the information in the notice is accurate and, under penalty of perjury, that the complainer is authorized to act on behalf of the owner of one or more exclusive copyright rights.
If the notice substantially conforms, the University will notify the page owner of the allegation of infringement and will secure voluntary take-down of the work or disable access.
If the notice fails substantially to conform, but the problems are all with requirements 1, 5 or 6 above, the University will contact the copyright owner and try to get the necessary information. The University may do this by supplying the complainer with a copy of or a reference to Section 512 (c) (3) (A) (for notices alleging that content infringes) or Section 512 (d) (3) (for notices that allege that information location tools such as links contribute to infringement of a work).
If the complainer sends the rest of the information, the University will notify the page owner of the allegation of infringement and secure voluntary take-down of the work or disable access to the work.
If the complainer does not respond, or if the notice is nonconforming with respect to requirements 2, 3 or 4, the University may ignore the notice, but will retain it along with a copy of any correspondence attempting to obtain more information to demonstrate that the University did not receive a conforming notice and did what is required to try to get one.
DMCA Processes: Counter-notification
Procedure for recourse when you feel the DMCA violation notice we sent you is in error.
After the page owner voluntarily takes down the page or the University arranges to disable access to it, the University may receive a substantially conforming counter-notification from the page owner.
Counter-notices can only claim two things: (i) that the copyright owner is mistaken and that the work is lawfully posted or (ii) that the work has been misidentified. A page owner may assert that a use of another's work qualifies as a fair use and so the copyright owner is "mistaken" in characterizing it as infringing.
Counter-notices from page owners must contain the following:
A physical or digital signature of the page owner;
A description of the material removed and its location before it was removed;
A statement that the page owner believes in good faith that the material was removed by mistake or because it was misidentified;
The page owner's name, address and phone number and his or her consent to jurisdiction of the Federal District Court for that address or any Federal District Court if the address is foreign; and
A statement that the page owner will accept service of process from the complainer.
Under the DMCA, the University will not be liable to the owner of the page for any harm he or she might suffer because of its actions in disabling access to a page so long as it:
Takes reasonable steps to notify the page owner about the allegations in a conforming notice that it has received;
Promptly sends a copy of any substantially conforming counter-notice to the complainer indicating that it will restore access in 10 business days; and
Restores access to the allegedly infringing work within 10 to 14 business days after the day it receives the counter-notice, unless it first receives a notice from the complainer that he or she has filed an action seeking a court order to restrain the page owner.
If the University receives notice that the complainer has filed an action seeking a court order to restrain the page owner, the University will not repost the allegedly infringing work. It will forward the notice to the page owner and to the Office of the University Counsel for response as appropriate.
Acceptable Use of the University's Information Technology Resources (IRM-002)
APPROVER: Chief Information Security Officer


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Paris Is Burning (1990)
by British Film Critic
Let me just say right off the bat, that the premise and culture that Paris Is Burning revolves around is something I honestly hadn't even considered in my life, and yet I have absolutely gripped from the get-go all the same. Suffice to say, I loved this film. It had everything that I cherish from my all times favourites – bursting with life, bursting with character, bursting with cutting social commentary, bursting with energy – and so, so much more.
Considering all of that, considering how incredibly personal, intimate and consistently involved this film is, it's infinitely more impressive given the fact that Jennie Livingston, the director, is someone who had no prior experience or understanding of this particular facet of life, yet you wouldn't for a second have even guessed that from watching the film itself.
Seeing public pride amongst those in the LGBTQ+ community in our modern times is wonderful, to say the very least, but Paris Is Burning takes us back to New York in the late 80s, a time and a place where broader acceptance of gay and trans individuals was excruciatingly lower than it is today, the Reagan administration had consistently raged an open war on the queer community, along with countless other widespread oppressive systems felt by those without the privilege of being heterosexual. For these reasons alone, being able to spend time with all of these beautiful individuals living in an incredibly ugly time, being able to see them live freely, to be proud, to be content, to be honest is so very meaningful.
There was more than one occasion when I was really struck by just how powerful and poignant what was coming out of these peoples' mouths was, given there are no scripts to prompt them to do so. Subject matter aside, the filmmaking on display is almost flawless from start to finish – this really has to be one of, if not my favourite documentary I've ever seen. It's uplifting, it's disheartening, it's scathing in its commentary, it's timeless, it's empowering, it's electric, and it's often all of these things at once. I really can not recommend Paris Is Burning to anyone and everyone enough.


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Фатима Лейва Моран (; ) — мексиканская футболистка, полузащитница. Выступала за сборную Мексики.

Биография
В первой половине карьеры выступала за клубы чемпионата Мексики, в том числе за «Лагуна де Истакалько». В 2005—2009 годах играла в американской любительской W-лиге за «Индиану», была её капитаном.

В 2010 году перешла в российский клуб «Звезда-2005» (Пермь), который возглавлял бывший тренер «Индианы» Шек Борковски. Стала бронзовым призёром чемпионата России 2010 года. Затем в течение полутора сезонов играла за другой российский клуб — «Зоркий» (Красногорск). В сезоне 2011/12 стала вице-чемпионкой России, а в споре бомбардиров разделила второе место с 13 голами, из них 7 забила с пенальти. Финалистка Кубка России 2012 года. В сезоне 2012/13 «Зоркий» завоевал золотые награды чемпионата, однако спортсменка во время зимнего перерыва покинула команду. В составе обоих российских клубов принимала участие в матчах женской Лиги чемпионов.

После отъезда из России несколько лет не выступала в профессиональных соревнованиях. В 2016 году подписала контракт с американским полупрофессиональным клубом «Мичиган Чилл», проводившим дебютный сезон в лиге WPSL, получила капитанскую повязку, но летом того же года завершила карьеру.

Много лет выступала за сборную Мексики, была её капитаном. Участница чемпионата мира 1999 года (3 матча), Олимпийских игр 2004 года (3 матча), бронзовый призёр Золотого кубка КОНКАКАФ 2002 года (4 матча, 1 гол) и 2006 года (3 матча, 2 гола). Также участвовала в Панамериканских играх (1999, 2003) и других турнирах.

Ещё во время игровой карьеры работала телекомментатором на футбольных трансляциях, в частности во время мужского чемпионата мира 2006 года. После завершения карьеры занимала различные посты в Федерации футбола Мексики и сотрудничала с правительственными программами по развитию спорта, была спортивным директором различных клубов («Тихуана», «Чьяпас и Герреро», «Толука», «Сан-Матиас»).

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт

Футболистки Мексики
Игроки женской сборной Мексики по футболу
Футбольные тренеры Мексики
Игроки ЖФК «Звезда-2005»
Игроки ЖФК «Зоркий»
Футбольные телекомментаторы
Футболисты на летних Олимпийских играх 2004 года


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Q: Change CSS style of tr based on Markdown bold emphasis I'm currently writing my first blog in markdown and trying to style a table in CSS.
The table in my markdown file is:
| | Experiment 1 | Experiment 2 |
|-| ------- | ------- |
|**Ingredients**|**696g**|**696g**|
|White Flour|274g|274g|
|Brown Flour|134g|134g|
|Water|250g|300g|
|Sugar|13g|13g|
|Olive Oil|17g|17g|
|Salt|8g|8g|
|**Flour Type Distribution**|**408g**|**408g**|
|White Flour|67%|67%|
|Brown Flour|33%|33%|
|**Hydration Rate**|**61%**|**73%**|
|**Oven Specs**|||

Which is formatted using this css file, to output this table.
But, what I actually want to do is to only change the background-color CSS property of the rows where the td is set to bold in markdown (surrounded by **).
For example, in the above table, the rows that I want to change the background-color of are:

*

*|**Ingredients**|**696g**|**696g**|

*|**Flour Type Distribution**|**408g**|**408g**|

*|**Hydration Rate**|**61%**|**73%**|

*|**Oven Specs**|||
Is that possible? Or is there any other workaround that I can use to achieve the same?

A: if it was an attribute you could select their content and edit on css(say it was a value instead of an innerHTML content):
td[value^="**"]{background-color: red}

"^"shows that the value should START with this

Documentation Link: https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/sel_attribute_value.asp
according to my knowledge there is no CSS only solution. you can try using javascript. let me know if you want to implement it on Javascript. I'll Help.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


1969 U206D SKYWAGON ORIGINAL OWNERS MANUAL IN GOOD CONDITION. COVER A LITTLE WORN, SMALL TEAR ON SPINE, PREVIOUS OWNERS NAME IS WRITTEN ON FIRST PAGE.
1975 U206F Stationair Owners Manual Used Original in good condition. Covers a little yellow from age, insides clean. Two available.


British-born designer Charlotte Olympia Dellal has teamed up with American toy brand, Barbie, to create an exclusive capsule collection for her eponymous coveted label, Charlotte Olympia. Known for its creative and quirky aesthetic, the brand injects its own twist to the iconic Barbie doll with a two-piece leopard-printed outfit, Dolly platform pumps and the classic Bogart leather bag with matching gloves.
The capsule collection also consists of a range of Barbie-inspired shoes including block Perspex heels, kitty flats and stilettos, followed by two luxury clutch bags adorned in blush Perspex and delicate pink leather. The collection comes complete with a glamorous collector's box filled with the iconic Kitty flats, Eve platform sandals, the transparent Pandora clutch box, the Banana bag, the Web logo fascinator, gold spider web earrings, ivory cat-eye sunglasses and a Charlotte Olympia shoebox complete with dust bag.
When speaking about the collaboration, Charlotte Olympia Dellal says, "This was a childhood dream come true to collaborate with Barbie! It was a fantastic opportunity to be able to design and create a Charlotte Olympia aesthetic for one of the most iconic figures in the world."
The Charlotte Olympia x Barbie capsule collection is now available at Mall of the Emirates. In the meantime, read more about Charlotte Olympia's collaboration with MAC Cosmetics.