text:
Why would you teach Calculus before teaching Real Analysis?
Let's assume our students are actual aspiring mathematicians.
Why would we introduce our students to Calculus rather than Real Analysis?
After all, "Calculus is a subset of Real Analysis". He will have to learn everything that he had already learned in Calculus once again. In addition to this, the student learns about mathematical concepts like axioms or proofs and mathematical working in general.
It's like saying: "We assume you're stupid, so learn Calculus first."
But I think this will make math harder instead of easier. For instance, If we just assume the real numbers as they are but do not show where they come from and how they can be constructed, the student will have a harder time understanding the key concepts of calculus.
Let's take the extreme case, where we just tell the student the differentiation rules. This might seem to be easier. But the student will ask himself what he's actually doing and why. Because of the missing theory, he can't grasp it. Because of that he will maybe see himself as a failure or even start hating math.
Well, historically we did not have any formalism. But our students aren't people from 2000 B.C.
calculus mathematical-analysis
J W
ClassicEndingMusicClassicEndingMusic
$\begingroup$ why start at real analysis? Let's start with set-theory, then topology, then maybe then real analysis, linear algebra, eventually, calculus. $\endgroup$ – James S. Cook Feb 25 '16 at 17:15
$\begingroup$ Your starting assumption is flawed. Calculus is very clearly geared toward students in the sciences and is a course that "pays the bills" for mathematics departments. $\endgroup$ – Jon Bannon Feb 25 '16 at 17:19
$\begingroup$ @JonBannon indeed, the reality is Calculus is an economic necessity for math departments. I am not at all convinced it is the right logical starting point for students. But, I'm not sold on real analysis either... maybe a proofs course with baby set theory would be the right starting point. $\endgroup$ – James S. Cook Feb 25 '16 at 17:22
$\begingroup$ Your starting assumption describes few of the students who will take either course. It doesn't even necessarily describe those who will become mathematicians; for many, that's a decision made after being exposed to the power of the subject, and it isn't unusual for a calculus class to provide such a revelation. I think it is harder for most people, even those who are far to the abstract-thinking side of the spectrum, to appreciate real analysis than it is to appreciate the applicability of calculus to physics, optimization, etc. If anything, calculus creates the appetite for real analysis. $\endgroup$ – Austin Feb 25 '16 at 19:19
$\begingroup$ (You can get by for a couple of years with no formal concept of a limit. Derivatives are just slopes of curves. If it is uncomfortable for a curve to have a slope - it isn't straight, no "step over tread"! - handwave away that it is the slope of the tangent. Indefinite integrals take you back from gradient function to curve, definite ones are areas. That's enough to cover a lot of practical material, but conceptually there's a substantial hole in a student's knowledge.) $\endgroup$ – Silverfish Feb 26 '16 at 1:01
You may as well ask: Why teach elementary school children how to perform whole-number arithmetic without teaching them the Peano axioms first? Why teach high-school Algebra without starting with the basics of groups, rings and fields? Why, for that matter, teach children to read first, instead of starting with the fundamentals of grammar and linguistics?
Everything we know about how learning takes place tells us that complicated ideas are formed and absorbed by building them on a foundation of simpler ones. It is important to realize that "simpler" does not mean here "more fundamental", i.e. logically more primary; rather "simpler" is here used in the sense of "easier".
A human being is not a formal system, and our minds do not develop according to deductive principles. Almost nobody understands anything complicated the first time they encounter it; we master things by revisiting them, over and over again, gaining deeper insight into it each time. We teach people Calculus first because if we taught them Analysis first they would have no experiential or conceptual substrate on which to build.
Edited to add: In addition to these points, I'd like to echo (and somewhat restate) an observation made (by Jon Bannon and by Austin) in the comments below the OP's post. The opening sentence:
describes a situation that I think needs closer scrutiny. In my experience, anybody who is an aspiring mathematician has already taken Calculus. It is extremely rare, I think, for a person to formulate such an aspiration on the basis of nothing more than high school Algebra and Geometry. I am not sure there is data on this, but I expect most people who eventually become mathematicians did not reach that decision until after at least one semester of Calculus, possibly much more. So the question essentially addresses a hypothetical audience that does not exist.
mweissmweiss
$\begingroup$ +1 for "nobody understands anything complicated the first time they encountered" (and note my moving of the focus to "understands"). I believe that the concept of "reification" explains this well - learners need to be able to integrate and hold in their mind clear ideas of the more basic concepts before they can use them as building blocks for more complex or more abstract ideas. $\endgroup$ – yoniLavi Feb 25 '16 at 23:21
$\begingroup$ "He who will learn to fly one day must first learn to stand and walk..." - Nitsche. $\endgroup$ – Paul Feb 28 '16 at 3:03
$\begingroup$ Are you sure having learned Calculus makes it easier to learn real analysis? If not, then maybe it's the case that researchers wonder if some people can't learn real analysis but they need to learn Calculus so they teach Calculus in a way that doesn't rely on real analysis. If you think that's probably the case, then maybe a better answer would give that reason but as your theory, not as a proven fact that you were told has been proven. $\endgroup$ – Timothy Jan 15 '19 at 20:07
Because your core assumption is bad and most students are not aspiring mathematicians
Your opening statement - "Let's assume our students are actual aspiring mathematicians" - is almost certainly a very bad assumption to make about students at the age where calculus is taught. In fact, very few of the students who are taught calculus will go to study mathematics at degree level and fewer still will go on to become mathematicians. So Mathematics (like other subjects) needs to be taught in a way that is beneficial to students who do not go on to specialise in it.
Calculus is used as a tool in a wide range of subjects such as Biology, Physics and Engineering and many more students will go on to study these subjects than will go on to study Mathematics. Calculus, as a skill, is thus much more useful to a larger group of your students than Real Analysis is.
I think the pedagogical arguments made in other answers also hold true but I think the error in your core assumption is more critical.
Jack AidleyJack Aidley
$\begingroup$ +1 "most students are not aspiring mathematicians" - Exactly. This is the mistake made by many (most?) university professors. - econ, math, and physics professors often teach on the assumption that their students are aspiring economists, mathematicians, and physicists (because that's what they were themselves), when usually all students care about is getting the credit and a decent grade. $\endgroup$ – Kenny LJ Oct 23 '18 at 4:30
In addition to other good answers, I do think that what "calculus" usually refers to is what people did with calculus prior to about 1830, as opposed to the foundations of it. Namely, they solved a lot of physically meaningful/intuitive problems, as well as geometrical problems, problems in mechanics, celestial mechanics, fluid flow, ... and beginning of applications to number theory, as well as the beginnings of complex analysis.
So, for me, and I suspect for many, that notion of "calculus" is very persuasive that it is useful, whatever its foundational interest or challenges may be.
In particular, we could ask why we should care about the axioms for something if some sort of utility... whether to physics or to geometry or to number theory, let's say! :) ... hasn't been demonstrated. Sure, study of axiomatic systems has some intrinsic interest, but perhaps more so after one sees why we'd care to be sure our machinery works as specified.
For that matter, some of those "applications" help us detect "stress points" in the theoretical development.
paul garrettpaul garrett
In many respects this is what is done in European universities, where the degree is often a three year program. First year students reading maths take analysis. Of course they probably learned calculus as part of their A-levels.
Years ago, as a US citizen I did a first degree as a math major in the United States, and then did a second undergraduate degree in Oxford, reading maths. I remember being amused that many of the maths students, who were very bright and talented, seemed to know little about the Riemann integral since the British university curriculum started with the Lebesgue integral. On the other hand, I was very comfortable with the Riemann integral but had never heard of the Lebesgue integral.
$\begingroup$ Small nitpick: Oxford is pretty non-standard in teaching the Lebesgue integral before the Riemann integral. There is no such thing as the British university curriculum $\endgroup$ – Yemon Choi Sep 21 '16 at 23:43
Learning is easiest and the most enjoyable when it answers questions one already had. A student who has played around with functions before, and wondered how he might find their maxima, or wondered about how to express the amount by which something changes when some other thing changes, will be thrilled to learn of the powerful techniques of calculus which solve just that.
If you try to teach someone the rigor of formal real analysis, he will find it boring, pointless and difficult. Unless, of course, he has already grown a healthy appreciation for calculus, so that he can appreciate analysis for being the foundation of calculus.
Since calculus is the foundation of the physical world, you definitely want to teach it as early as humanly possible. In my humble opinion, students - and especially those who are curious, enthusiastic, and mathematically oriented - should be taught calculus quite early. Failure to teach calculus early enough is, IMO, a problem with the curriculum.
So instead of teaching analysis when we're now teaching calculus, we should just teach calculus earlier - when students are still too young and inexperienced to follow rigorous analysis. It's really "We assume you're a kid, so learn Calculus first."
The "He will have to learn everything that he had already learned in Calculus once again" part also makes no sense - if indeed those are the same things, then the second time will be that much easier for having learned this before, so you can spend less time on it. Besides, learning isn't a one-off thing, to truly understand and retain knowledge you have to approach it several times, from different angles.
Meni RosenfeldMeni Rosenfeld
$\begingroup$ The majority of maths students in British universities - even the very most prestigious and world-renowned - only started calculus at age 16 or 17. Issues of mathematical maturity are relevant here but the idea of calculus being something that must be started by 14 is very far removed from many countries' curricula. $\endgroup$ – Silverfish Feb 26 '16 at 0:51
$\begingroup$ @Silverfish: That's why I said "should". I didn't say that's what's actually common. The OP suggested an optimization of teaching real analysis when we normally teach calculus, I suggested that if anything, calculus should be taught (much) earlier. Also, that's just a single part of my answer which is mostly unrelated to the rest - I wouldn't think it justifies a downvote. Anyway, I don't know how things are done here in mathed.se - maybe correct age<->curriculum correspondence is a big deal. If it offends you that much I'll change it... $\endgroup$ – Meni Rosenfeld Feb 26 '16 at 10:54
$\begingroup$ @Silverfish: I'll also say your data somewhat surprises me, since 16-17 is the age most students in Israel learn calculus, regardless of mathematical inclination. Myself, I think I started calculus at age 13-14 from a tutor and books. $\endgroup$ – Meni Rosenfeld Feb 26 '16 at 10:56
$\begingroup$ Not all school systems have much option for acceleration or taking a course early. That's particularly true in systems where post-16 education has separate qualifications and timetabling (and in some countries, is even taught at completely separate institutions to pre-16). In those situations, if a curriculum allocates a topic to post-16 education, then (absent private tuition or - and this remains rare even among strong students - really extensive self-study) even most future universtity maths students just aren't going to see it until they're 16 or 17. $\endgroup$ – Silverfish Feb 26 '16 at 11:48
$\begingroup$ It's also worth pointing out that at least in the UK, "enrichment" schemes for students identified as "talented", and maths competitions (which target a similar subset of students) don't tend to bring forward next year's material, but rather extend topics students are expected to have already studied (by showing interesting applications, or a focus on creative problem-solving using those methods). Taking more advanced topics earlier isn't the only route to success, so I felt that the "doing it wrong" comment was rather strong compared to the level of evidence put forward in this post. $\endgroup$ – Silverfish Feb 26 '16 at 12:03
I think calculus is actually more important for a working analyst than 'real' real analysis. You can (and should) always learn more about why you are allowed to do things and how they can be constructed from simple principles but to get into the flow of figuring things out yourself, you cannot have yourself looking up the divergence theorem, substitution rule, or Cauchy-Schwarz. You have to be at absolute ease (and intuition) with all kinds inequalities, ODE, series, integrals. No matter how 'easy' those are conceptually, and no matter if you do stochastic processes, dynamical systems, modelling, statistics, or whatever other applied mathematics.
Disclaimer: This of course is coming from a child of the German curriculum that never learned Cauchy-Schwarz in an analysis class 'because you did it in linear algebra' (and how we did it. 'Take this miraculous expression, insert it into this sesquilinear form, and there it is'. Duh), that learned the divergence theorem without having the slightest clue what a divergence is, that took two classes in PDE and knew topological vector spaces, negative order Sobolev spaces, real interpolation before learning about, say, the transport equation (what? there are PDE that cannot be solved with Lax-Milgram?? I actually once took a class abroad and in a mid-term exam solved a hyperbolic equation ending with 'all that is left to be done is to show cooercivity') )
BananachBananach
I took an honors calculus course in my first year at the University of Michigan (and my high school didn't have calculus). It was truly an analysis course. It was so far from how I was used to thinking that it felt over my head.
The simple beauty of calculus was lost.
I love teaching calculus, and I often point out to the students where we are leaving out details that they'll encounter in analysis if they go on in math.
I emphasize velocity, slope, rate of change, graphing, and optimization.
Sue VanHattum♦Sue VanHattum
$\begingroup$ Out of curiosity, which honors Calc at Michigan did you take -- 185, 295, or one of the others? $\endgroup$ – mweiss Aug 17 '17 at 0:13
$\begingroup$ I believe it was the 190 series. (Was it 195, 196, 295, 296?) $\endgroup$ – Sue VanHattum♦ Aug 24 '17 at 15:16
$\begingroup$ That makes sense. The 190 series was re-numbered (coincidentally, in the 90s) so that 195 -> 295, 196 -> 296, 295 -> 395, 296 -> 396. $\endgroup$ – mweiss Aug 24 '17 at 15:36
This is one of the most fundamental questions in modern mathematics pedagogy today, and I think that it is high time we seek out new alternatives to old methods. But, surprisingly or not, this question has really been addressed in large part by Goodstein in his HISTORIC text Mathematical Analysis. It is not well known, and that makes me sad, but I do what I can to help people seek it out.
The basic problem in modern Calculus/Analysis is that at the popular conception of Calculus is one without rigor: it's a mix of algebra and geometric intuition. Specifically, the notion of limits, derivatives, and integrals are, in modern treatments of Calculus, tied to the graphs and pictures that we draw. Though this makes it easier (in a sense) to communicate some of the results of Calculus/Analysis to students, it does little to reinforce the most basic principle of mathematics: rigor. The common belief is that the rigor of Real Analysis is inappropriate at the "Calculus Level". I am one such individual: real analysis is so far from the math leading up to what we now conceive of as calculus so as to render it absolutely inaccessible to even some aspiring mathematicians.
What Goodstein does was to take a revolutionary and new perspective on the whole Calculus/Real Analysis problem. I believe that, in time, most calculus/real analysis will be taught using a version of his methods in Mathematical Analysis whether by direct reference or through some circumlocutions route.
Goodstein's approach is as follows: rather than thinking of continuity as the corner stone of mathematical analysis, we can construct a surprisingly familiar theory based entirely on uniform continuity. The result is this, we get a Mathematical Analysis which is not only simpler than standard treatments of Real Analysis, but which makes it possible to present Calculus rigorously without leaping too far from the math commonly learned before taking a calculus class.
There is a further solution to this general problem: the introduction of rigor at an earlier stage in student's education. Rather than presenting algebra and number in a hacked mash of geometric intuition and half-baked formalisms, we must seek out a design of a formal system (specifically one which is not set-theoretic) that is both concrete to students while being fully rigorous. The biggest problem/barrier to such a design is the belief that no such design is possible, or that no such design exists.
$\begingroup$ It seems to me like the biggest barrier to rigor in early education (in the U.S., at least) is institutions now set up that are actively opposed to it. I'd go so far as to say K-6 teacher are actively hostile to real mathematics, and effectively working to sabotage students' preparation for such work. The testing regimes and non-failure policies at high schools make any attempt at rigor likewise infeasible. $\endgroup$ – Daniel R. Collins Aug 17 '17 at 5:23
$\begingroup$ Examples: A recent commission in NY state recently decided to downgrade "mastery" as a goal of math for students, and replace with it with a mere "experience". The very idea of basic algebra as a requirement for receiving a college degree was removed in NY state last year, and CA two weeks ago. $\endgroup$ – Daniel R. Collins Aug 17 '17 at 5:24
$\begingroup$ I read about that here in NY and it shows the people in charge of educating our children don't give a damn if they learn anything or not. Moves like these are the proof. $\endgroup$ – The Mathemagician Sep 14 '18 at 4:58
This whole conversation is fascinating to me because as those who are old enough or are fluent in the history of mathematics education know, there actually WAS an attempt to structure elementary mathematics education around the abstract theory-the so-called "new math" of the 1960's. Set theory was taught to grade school students,group theory and linear algebra were taught in high school geometry courses and $\epsilon$-$\delta$ formulations of limits alongside Dedekind cuts were regularly taught in high school and university calculus courses.
The results were predictably disastrous, for many of the reasons mweiss gave above (below?). The human mind just isn't wired for abstraction and there's a long conditioning process from concrete examples to generality for most students before they can begin thinking like mathematicians. This has been proven out also in cognitive science experiments-you can search online for many of those specific studies.
So part of the answer to your question is we don't teach calculus as real analysis-except to the most gifted students, of course-because it doesn't work.
But there's another reason-and that's because the formal foundations of calculus only tell half the story of calculus.The applications of calculus are as integral part of calculus as the structure of the real number system is. Determining the work done over a mechanical system via an integration is just as important as understanding the Riemann sums that go into constructing that calculation. Being able to calculate the acceleration of the one dimensional motion of an object is just as important as understanding the 2 successive limit operations that define the second derivative. So we really aren't wasting students' time by concentrating on the applications of calculus; this is really just as important as the underlying theory and it's a lot easier and more accessible.
That being said-I am quite sympathetic to your question and viewpoint as someone who cares greatly about mathematical rigor. I believe both aspects of calculus are equally important and both should be discussed in a serious university calculus course. I do think colleges today have gone too far in the other direction and thrown the baby out with the bathwater.I think it's important to try and put the guts back into calculus, as John Stillwell says. But we have to do it in a manner that integrates careful theory with the more intuitive aspects of the subject. I hope to discuss this in depth in a future book.
In closing, I do want to inform you of something you may find quite exciting and right up your alley.There actually was a very famous attempt to create a calculus course for freshman that was entirely rigorous and abstract-it was created by Henri Cartan at the University of Paris at the Sorbonne. According to Cartan himself, this was an attempt to build a calculus course from the Bourbakian perspective. The course discussed differential and integral calculus on Banach spaces! Yes,it had all the standard topics of a university calculus course done at this incredible level of abstraction. In essence, it was a calculus course of precisely the type your question suggested. While the course is beautiful, it's far too difficult for any but the very best students and I think when you see it, you'll see why.
The course is currently available as 2 inexpensive paperbacks and Kindle E-books. The first half was out of print for many years and difficult to obtain-it has recently been reprinted by Createspace in an inexpensive paperback. The book's website-with much background on the book-can be found here. Both books can be bought very cheaply. I think you'll find them both quite interesting and they're by a master in Cartan.
The MathemagicianThe Mathemagician
$\begingroup$ I'll just comment that as a child of that era, I had no problem with the grade-school set theory, or ϵ-δ formulations in my first calculus course. I must say that I have some trouble empathizing with people that didn't have that basis (e.g., students who have no idea what I mean by "subset" in a discussion of types of numbers on the first day college algebra, when for me that was, I think, a 3rd-grade topic). $\endgroup$ – Daniel R. Collins Aug 17 '17 at 5:17
"Let's assume our students are actual aspiring mathematicians."
This is an illogical statement for any realistic setting. The total number of students who need real analysis is far lower than that who need calculus. And by and large students have not selected themselves out at the age of taking first calculus class (often in high school or first year uni). It gives way more option value to take calculus first and analysis later than the converse (if someone switches majors).
Plus calculus is easier so you get a learning progression. (And it's more useful. HA!)
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Her Source: March 8th Is International Women's Day
Infinite Wiz
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From Harlem to the United Nations, March 8th women of the world celebrate International Women's Day
In 1995, U.N. Women, attended the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, along with other women worldwide. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action was established by a unanimous vote of 189 countries. This declaration served as a catalyst for change for the equality and empowerment of women. The New York Times covered the historical event 20 years ago March 26, 1995:
Delegates to the fourth international women's conference in Beijing, to be held in September, met in Harlem yesterday for a program titled "Healing and Spiritual Renewal for the Harlems of the World." As part of the ceremony to kick off the planning meeting, a dancer performed outside the Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building on 125th Street in Harlem."
-New York Times (March 26, 1995)
Now in 2015, 20 years later, we are poised to celebrate the 20th Anniversary since the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing was held. On March 8, 2015, International Women's Day, the historical Apollo Theatre in Harlem, New York City will have the esteemed pleasure of hosting the Consultation Day for the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW/ Beijing+20), where women will be in attendance from all over the world.
On Sunday, March 8, 2015, from 2:30 PM to 3:30 PM, once again there will be a healing, blessing, and spiritual celebration of drumming and dance at the Harlem State Office Building, located at 125th Street and 7th Avenue corner of Adam Powell Clayton Powell. 20 years after Beijing, the women of the world will gather as part of the United Nations Women's Beijing+20 campaign "Empowering Women – Empowering Humanity: Picture It!" #MakeItHappen is the 2015 theme for internationalwomensday.com global hub, encouraging effective action for advancing and recognizing women.
Empowering the world by bringing the healing, blessings, and spiritual renewal of the Harlems of the world; Together. Let us help stop the desecration of Mother Earth, beginning with the healing of the wombs of mothers all over the world."
-Queen Mother Dr. Delois Blakely (New Future Foundation, Inc.)
The U.N. Women and New Future Foundation, Inc. hosted a forum to usher in CSW59/ Beijing+20. A forum held Friday, Feb. 6 at Harlem Family Church Center, 147 W. 120th St., laid out their past and future efforts to establish an all-girls school in Ghana, Africa, with the Queen Mothers of Africa.
The CSW59/ Beijing+20 conference will be in New York City from March 8th thru 20th at the United Nations Headquarters, and over 600 events will be happening throughout the entire city.
-Infinite Wiz(@infinitewiz)
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HEAR THE WORD OF YHWH ALMIGHTY: "Disaster WILL overtake YOU! You will NOT be able to charm it away. CALAMITY will fall upon YOU, and you won't be able to BUY your way out. Catastrophies will strike you SUDDENLY, catastrophies for which you are NOT PREPARED. Now, use your "MAGICAL CHARMS" Use the SPELLS you have worked at all these years! Maybe they will help you. Maybe they can make someone afraid of you. All the ADVICE you have received have made you tired. Where are all your ASTROLOGERS? Where are all your STARGAZERS who make your predictions each month? Let them stand up and SAVE YOU FROM WHAT IS COMING!"
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The aim of the CPL (H) modular course is to train PPL (H) holders to the level of proficiency necessary for the issue of a Commercial Pilots Licence for helicopters.
The applicant has to be a minimum of 18 years of age. They must also hold a class one medical certificate. The applicant must have logged 155 hours total time of which 50 hours must be P1 (Pilot in command) with 10 of these being cross country . 5 hours of night flying must be completed plus the commercial theoretical ground school must have been completed by an appoved Theoretical Knowlege training provider.
The duration of the CPL (H) course, assuming full time attendance of 5 days a week, will last on average for 4 weeks.
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The skills test is broken down into 5 sections.
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Portal Battle Run is a local multiplayer game where players race against each other to see who can complete 5 laps around the course first. But be careful, many obstacles lie in wait.
Zoompack Challenge is a skill reflex based 2D game. Players must navigate the character through various obstacles and collect an orb that allows them to move on to the next level.
A prototype Windows Phone mobile app which will allow residents of Osaka to share and discover information in a new and fun way. A one semester client project based in Osaka, Japan for Metro 21.
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A 2D side scrolling iOS and Android game where the player balances a Seven (the resort's mascot) on top of a snowball. A one semester client project for Seven Springs Mountain Resort.


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Sport and Entertainment: Well-equipped gymnasium, with sauna and Jacuzzi, and floodlit tennis courts. There is also an amphitheatre for the animation teams nightly entertainment.


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The startup began laying off employees and cutting salaries of remaining ones after a major Chinese backer bailed.
Beleaguered EV startup Faraday Future recently laid off an undisclosed number of employees, and as of this week, some of those furloughed employees have resorted to GoFundMe in order to stay afloat.
According to a GoFundMe campaign page, Faraday employees are trying to raise $50,000 over the next two weeks, and the campaign has already raised $18,652 after just six days, which is no small feat. Laid-off employees with families, financial obligations such as lease or mortgage payments will get priority in the distribution of funds, the campaign page said. The level of affected employees' personal savings will be considered as well.
"This is to help all of those manufacturing team members that are in need of financial support because of lay off or mandatory furlough," the description on the GoFundMe campaign's web page said.
The startup began laying off employees and cutting salaries of remaining ones after the collapse of a deal with China's Evergrande Healthy Investment Group Limited. Evergrande originally agreed to invest $2 billion in exchange for a 45-percent stake in Faraday, but relations subsequently soured. Faraday took Evergrande to arbitration, claiming the Chinese firm was late on a payment. Evergrande said Faraday did not meet pre-determined terms for receiving said payment.
A Hong Kong arbitrator allowed Faraday to terminate its agreement with Evergrande, which the startup called a "decisive victory." But the end of the relationship with Evergrande means Faraday has lost a desperately-needed financial lifeline. Following the arbitration ruling, co-founder Nick Sampson quit Faraday, calling the startup "insolvent."
Faraday has fallen a long way since CES 2017, when the automaker wowed audiences with its FF 91 electric SUV. Faraday has boasted that the lozenge-shaped FF 91 will have 1,050 horsepower, a 378-mile range, and will be able to do zero to 60 miles per hour in 2.3 seconds. But, given Faraday's current financial situation, it's unclear if the FF 91 will ever make it outside of the factory floor.
Like most commodities, lithium-ion batteries for EVs are predicted to drop in cost by 52 percent by 2030.
Hyundai is also increasing its investment in the ride-hailing company.
Still no answers on the big questions—how fast, how far, and how much?
EVelozcity countersues as original lawsuit moves forward.
But the company still isn't building many cars.


Conduct oral history interviews and teach Information Literacy.
Check out the details of the position and submit online at https://applyjobs.np.edu.sg. Be part of an institution with that something xtra.
Job Categories: Academic Libraries, Featured, Lien Ying Chow Library, and Singapore. Job Types: Full-Time.


haus of gloi selkie | More Tea, Wesley?
In the imp, Selkie is a slightly spicy, ozoney scent. On skin the spiciness and the sage are really present – it smells a bit masculine, even. The ozone isn't nearly as strong as it is on cold sniff. And what there is of it isn't your typical ozone – it doesn't have that airy, blue, beach house bathroom kind of scent that's common of oceanic or beachy blends.
As it dries down it starts to smell a bit woody and salty in addition to the spicy sage notes. It does very much remind me of the ocean, but more of a rocky, driftwood-strewn beach than a warm, tropical beach. The former is actually my preferred kind of beach, so this one is a hit with me.
This. This is what Selkie smells like.
Would I buy it again? Yes. I'm planning to pick up a bottle of this, because I really love it and it's pretty unique to my collection. The only reason I haven't already is because I want a mini pumpkin butter in this scent too and it's currently out of stock. Boooooooo-urns. Come back, Selkie, I need you on me.
I am always intrigued by oceanic perfumes, I have always lived near the sea, and aquatic scents are soo nostalgic for me! But so far I have been quite disappointed with the oceanic perfumes that I have tried. They have been much too light for me, often rather soapy, and just not very evocative… Maybe oceanic notes simply don't work on my skin, or maybe I just haven't tried the good stuff.
I know what you mean about them being soapy – a lot of them just end up smelling a bit like laundry detergent. Selkie is lovely but still probably too light and ozoney for you. Have you tried Firebird's Saltwater, or Viking? I haven't myself, but they're in my cart for my next sample order because both sound really intriguing and possibly more like your kind of ocean scent.
I have a few I love from Firebird (Almond Milk, Honey, Black Tea & Mint, Tobacco & Honey) but I don't sample them much anymore because I've had hit or miss luck with the last few I picked – I ordered Woodland and Sugar Maple unsniffed and actually really dislike both of them. My fault for not getting samples! I am interested in trying Saltwater and Viking, though, along a few others, so I've been plotting a small sample order lately.


The spam and phishing scene last year was a mixed bag: The average amount of spam in 2017 decreased to 56.63%, which is 1.68% less than in 2016. However, the number of phishing attacks increased – the Kaspersky Lab anti-phishing system was triggered 246 million times on the computers of Kaspersky Lab users, which is 59% higher than in 2016.
According to Kaspersky Lab's Spam and Phishing in 2017 report, spammers have shown themselves to be thoughtful actors, instantly monitoring global issues and major events worldwide with one main purpose: to capture and capitalize on their victim's attention. These cybercriminals have been following a global agenda by using hot topics such as the FIFA World Cup and Bitcoin to fool users and steal their money or personal information in the last 12 months.
For instance, while the world was intensively preparing for the World Cup last year, spammers were actively spreading related emails, sending victims fraudulent messages with official logos of the event, including organizers and sponsor brand information, notifying users about lottery wins and even promising free tickets.
Another hot spam and phishing topic in 2017 was cryptocurrency – as Bitcoin's price drastically increased. Kaspersky Lab researchers had previously recorded a growth in blockchain-themed tricks in the third quarter of 2017. For instance, criminals have been using tricks such as websites disguised as cryptocurrency exchanges or fake services offering cloud mining (e.g., the use of specialized data centers for rent). But in all cases, users became victims, losing money instead of earning any profit.
In more traditional fraud schemes, such as fake lottery winnings, criminals have also started to use Bitcoin as bait. In addition to targeted address databases advertised through spam, databases with emails for cryptocurrency users have also been offered for purchase, promising great opportunities.
Moreover, criminals have distributed different types of malware in spam emails, under the guise of utilities for earning Bitcoins or instructions for cryptocurrency trading. However, importantly, CryptoLocker, whose creators demanded a Bitcoin ransom, have been detected in spam letters less than in the previous year.
The most popular source of spam was the US (13.21%), followed by China (11.25%) and Vietnam (9.85%). Others in the top 10 include India, Germany, Russia, Brazil, France and Italy. Also, the country most targeted by malicious mailshots was Germany (16.25%), showing a slight increase (2.12%) compared to 2016. Others in the top 10 include China, Russia, Japan, UK, Italy, Brazil, Vietnam, France and UAE. However, the largest percentage of users affected by phishing was in Brazil (29.02%). Overall, 15.9% unique users of Kaspersky Lab products worldwide were attacked by phishing during the year.


text:
Who sank Todd Carney's career?
Joe Frost
If you want a quick study of Todd Carney's career, you need not pick up his autobiography. Simply thumb through a copy of Who Sank the Boat?
Pamela Allen's tale of a cow, a donkey, a pig, a sheep, and a mouse who decide to go for a row in the bay is a perfect analogy for why the talented five-eighth's time in the NRL ended up at the bottom of a proverbial lake.
Do you know who sank Todd Carney's career?
The former Origin rep was in the news this week due to a Change.org petition entitled 'Let Todd Carney play in the NRL Perth Nines with the Canberra Raiders'.
Carney fuelled rumours the effort had been successful with a tweet claiming he had been in contact with Jarrod Croker, the Raiders skipper responding "get amongst it mate".
???????????? get amongst it mate ????????
— Jarrod Croker (@Jarrodcroker) January 22, 2020
However, the Daily Telegraph hosed the speculation down on Friday, reporting "Canberra won't invite ex-Raider Todd Carney to play in next month's rugby league Nines".
"Despite Croker's endorsement, Canberra has no intention of bringing back Carney for the Nines tournament that will run from February 14-15," the Tele wrote.
On the surface, it's hard to see why Carney's career went the way of the Titanic. As petition organiser Jack Blyth wrote, "Carney's NRL career was ended in 2014 after an act that, while crude, affected no other individual except for himself."
The act in question was, of course, the infamous 'bubbler' incident, in which a photo of Carney appearing to urinate into his own mouth made its way onto the internet.
Cronulla acted swiftly to remove their marquee man in the aftermath of the 2014 incident, and while he has continued to play the greatest game of all, a return to the top level in Australia has never really been on the cards.
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That seems unfair if you look at that night in a Cronulla bar as an isolated incident.
But then, if you look at it as an isolated incident – spoiler alert! – the mouse sank the boat in Allen's tale.
However, the full picture depicts significantly more weight leading to the boat – both in the book and as an analogy of Carney's career – going down.
Aboard the craft that was Todd's time in the NRL were a series of criminal convictions from drink-driving and other driving offences that led to his dismissal from the Raiders (a cow), being banned from his home town of Goulburn for a drunken vandalism spree (a donkey), yet another drink-driving charge while at the Roosters (a pig) and two further booze-fuelled incidents in 2011 leading to his release from the Chooks (a sheep).
Chuck a viral photo – one that caused Carney to be the second-most Googled person in Australia in 2014 – into that vessel and you've got the mouse that causes it to disappear beneath the waves.
Granted Carney's misdemeanours grew less and less serious over the years, but when you're already hauling around a cow and a donkey, you can't afford to let a pig and a sheep aboard.
Put it together and really, it's no surprise the smallest thing ends up causing it all to capsize.
(Photo by Cameron Spencer/Getty Images)
Ultimately, it was Todd sinking tinnies that caused his tinny to sink.
And while I can see the merit in helping get him get out on the water for one last wizz around, I also understand why the Raiders are reluctant to salvage this wreck.
Watching Carney named the 2010 Dally M Medallist and play for Australia can't have been easy for a club that gave a young man umpteen chances, and ultimately cut him loose not because he made one mistake too many but simply because he refused to agree to a five-point plan aimed at sorting out his off-field issues.
And while he appeared to have made his peace with the Green Machine last year, appearing at the club's old boys' day, he also made some pretty questionable remarks with regards to his time in the nation's capital.
"What I've done for this club and what the club's done for me has made me what I am today and I'll always owe them that and what I've done for this club they owe me," he told the Canberra Times.
Sports opinion delivered daily
The sentence is a bit all over the place, but he did say the Raiders owe him for "what I've done for this club", right?
And if the feeling was mutual, I reckon Carney would be in training for the Nines in a few weeks' time.
But after the hell he put them through, it's understandable that the club powerbrokers are happy to leave Carney's canoe on the river bottom.
Even if it was just a mouse that saw it end up there.


text:
TICKERS: WPM
Analysts: Tax Dispute Settlement Positive for Mining/Streaming Company
Source: Streetwise Reports��(12/18/18)
Numerous analysts weigh in on the agreement and what it means for the Canadian precious metals firm.
BMO Capital Markets analyst Andrew Kaip reported on Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.'s (WPM:TSX; WPM:NYSE) tax settlement with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), in two research notes dated Dec. 14, 2018, one pre and one post conference call with the company's management.
Before the conference call, Kaip described the outcome of the agreement as "holiday presents come early for Wheaton" as the dispute got resolved with "only minor impacts on past earnings and tax implications going forward" for the company. Another benefit is it removes the overhang on Wheaton's stock.
The analyst presented the highlights of the settlement. The bottom line is that foreign income on revenue generated by Wheaton's international subsidiaries, Wheaton International, will not be subject to tax in Canada, retroactively and in the future. Transfer pricing penalties for the tax years 2005 to 2010 will be removed, with interest adjusted accordingly.
However, Wheaton is to increase the service fee it charges Wheaton International to 30% from 20% retroactively from 2010 and include costs incurred for fundraising for those companies. The increased fee will lead to greater domestic revenue for Wheaton, which is taxable in Canada.
"After the application of noncapital losses, Wheaton does not anticipate any additional cash taxes will arise in respect of the 2005 to 2010 taxation years as a result of the settlement," Kaip wrote.
Following the conference call, Kaip reported the comments of management. The team estimates that for the years 2010 through 2017 it will have to pay about US$5 million on revenue from the increased mark-up on the fee charged to its subsidiaries. For example, for 2017, consequent to the tax settlement, taxable income will increase about US$3 to 4 million with about US$1 million additional tax paid to Canada. "The net result is a cash outlay for all past taxation years of less than US$10 million," the analyst clarified.
The total impact of the agreement on Q4/18 after-tax earnings, including current and deferred taxes and costs, Kaip relayed, should be about US$30 million. "Given the irregularity of these charges and their one time nature, we would expect headline earnings per share (EPS) to be impacted but adjusted EPS to be more reflective of the underlying operations," he wrote.
Looking forward, the company indicated how it now plans to use capital. First, it will put it "back into the ground," Kaip reported. The second use is to strengthen the balance sheet. Third, it will consider using it for a dividend increase.
Finally, Kaip reported, management highlighted that Wheaton most likely will surpass its 2018 production guidance.
BMO has an Outperform rating and a US$27 per share target price on Wheaton.
Analyst Chris Terry with Deutsche Bank expressed similar impressions of the tax settlement. In a Dec. 14, 2018, research note following Wheaton's conference call, he described it as "a significant step" because the dispute's resulting overhang on the company' share price has been the second biggest headwind for it next to the outlook for precious metals prices.
"However, we are now comfortable with the agreement and are removing this tax penalty, resulting in average free cash flow (FCF) yield of about 7% over the next three years (compared to about 3% previously including the tax penalty)," Terry reported.
Additionally, Deutsche Bank expects FCF, excluding monies from new transactions, to increase to US$628 million in 2021 from US$480 million in 2019, an approximately 8.5% versus 6.5% yield. Wheaton will most likely use the increased cash to finance transactions and pay down debt.
Per the agreement, Wheaton will pay an estimated US$30 million adjustment in Q4/18, including about US$15 million of deferred taxes plus interest and legal costs. That calculates, Terry said, to a -US$0.04 impact on EPS that quarter.
Deutsche Bank has a Buy rating and a US$25 per share price target on Wheaton, which remains undervalued, Terry indicated. The company is one of only two among the bank's precious metals coverage with such a rating.
Analyst Target Prices on Wheaton Precious Metals After Dec. 14 Announcement:
BofA Merrill Lynch
Michael Jalonen
BMO Capital Markets
Andrew Kaip
Canaccord Genuity
Carey MacRury
CA$41
Macquarie Research
Michael Gray
RBC Capital Markets
Dan Rollins
Trevor Turnbull
Sector Outperform
Several analysts reported their firms increased their target price on Wheaton. Analyst Trevor Turnbull with Scotiabank was one.In a Dec. 14, 2018, research note, he reported the new target price of US$35 per share versus the old, US$31, is due to the tax settlement's removal of the overhang on the stock. Scotiabank maintained its Sector Outperform rating on Wheaton.
The bank's net asset value 5% (NAV5%) assigned to Wheaton remains the same at US$13.46 per share, as Scotiabank has "maintained the view that Wheaton would prevail over time."
Before the settlement, the mining company was trading at 1.23x Scotiabank's NAV5%, compared to Royal Gold at 1.97x and Franco-Nevada at 2.18x. However, with the tax dispute resolved, Turnbull purported, Wheaton's "massive discount to peers should close."
The analyst clarified that Wheaton "has always and will continue to pay taxes on income earned in Canada." The changes Wheaton must make consequent to the settlement relate only to foreign income.
Macquarie Research also raised its target price on Outperform-rated Wheaton, analyst Michael Gray reported in a Dec. 14, 2018, note, to CA$41 from CA$35, as it "expects strong performance from Wheaton with this key stock overhang now removed."
Gray described the tax settlement as a "home run for Wheaton," which could positively impact other Canada-based streaming companies with foreign income but not in terms of share price, as they were little affected, if at all, compared to Wheaton.
Future catalysts for the stock, Gray noted, include release of Q4/18 financials and additional accretive streaming transactions.
Wheaton remains a Top Pick for Macquarie. Investors should buy it, Gray said, for its portfolio of high-quality assets with more than 95% in the lower half of the cost curve, its potential for production expansion from streams without having to pay capex, its solid management team and its high, or 30%, dividend payout ratio.
Analyst Matthew Murphy reported that Barclays, too, increased its target price on Wheaton, by 5% to US$22 from US$21 following the announcement the tax dispute was resolved.
In his Dec. 14, 2018, research report titled "Christmas Comes Early for WPM," he indicated that the settlement "looks to us to be a best case scenario" and "a significant positive for Wheaton." The reasons are that it eliminates the overhang on the company's share price at a low cost, "allowing the investor and management focus to return to Wheaton's business and its attractive valuation."
Murphy described that Barclays' worst case scenario for the tax dispute result was a liability of about US$1.3 billion with about US$300�600 million already priced into the stock. This compares to Barclays' revised liability estimate now about $20 million.
Canaccord Genuity raised its target price on Wheaton as well, reported analyst Carey MacRury in a Dec. 14, 2018, research note. The revision, to CA$41 from CA$38.50, also follows the news of Wheaton's tax settlement, which, MacRury noted, is "a significant win" for the company. The changes Wheaton has to make pursuant to the agreement "will be immaterial" to it, he added.
MacRury pointed out that the streaming sector benefits from the CRA-Wheaton settlement in that it will not have to make adjustments to be able to pay Canadian taxes on foreign income. "As a result, we believe the offshore streaming model will retain its competitiveness as a source of project funding versus traditional equity or debt funding," he commented.
Canaccord Genuity has a Buy rating on Wheaton.
More positive comments about Wheaton's tax settlement came from analyst Michael Jalonen of Bank of America Merrill Lynch. In his Dec. 14, 2018, research note, he stated it was "good news" for Wheaton, particularly since Bank of America Merrill Lynch estimated the streaming firm would wind up paying about US$1.2 billion in total taxes, interest and penalties for the years 2005 through 2015 upon resolution of the case, significantly more than the actual result.
Jalonen highlighted that the tax case with the CRA, ongoing since 2011, had a "profoundly negative impact on Wheaton's valuation versus its streaming peers," with the stock trading at about a 39% discount on price:NAV in comparison. Now, however, in light of the settlement, "we expect a multiple lift," he added.
Bank of America Merrill Lynch has a Buy rating and a US$23.50 per share target price on Wheaton.
Similarly, analyst Dan Rollins with RBC Capital Markets called the tax case outcome "very positive news," in his Dec. 13, 2018, research report, and with it, the "lingering tax cloud dispersed."
First, he explained, the settlement "provides much needed clarity" regarding taxes on past and future foreign income generated by Wheaton International.
Second, Wheaton does not foresee having to pay cash taxes for the years 2005 to 2010 given noncapital losses, and those going forward should be minimal based on the agreement terms.
Third, the stock should benefit greatly with the overhang on it decreasing materially or going away entirely, Rollins noted, as it has "been a key obstacle for many potential investors." Also, the discount between Wheaton and its peers should narrow. "With clarity provided, we see little to justify the current valuation discount, especially when considering the strength of Wheaton's portfolio of streams, which are predominantly backed by low cost and long life mines," he added.
RBC has an Outperform rating on Wheaton.
At the close of the stock markets on Thursday, Dec. 13, the day prior to the settlement news, Wheaton Precious Metals was trading at around US$16.59 and CA$22.16 per share. On Dec. 18, shares are trading around US$19.62 and CA$26.34 per share.
Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.
2) The following companies mentioned in this article are sponsors of Streetwise Reports: Wheaton Precious Metals. Click here for important disclosures about sponsor fees.
5) From time to time, Streetwise Reports LLC and its directors, officers, employees or members of their families, as well as persons interviewed for articles and interviews on the site, may have a long or short position in securities mentioned. Directors, officers, employees or members of their immediate families are prohibited from making purchases and/or sales of those securities in the open market or otherwise from the time of the interview or the decision to write an article until three business days after the publication of the interview or article. The foregoing prohibition does not apply to articles that in substance only restate previously published company releases. As of the date of this article, officers and/or employees of Streetwise Reports LLC (including members of their household) own shares of Wheaton Precious Metals, a company mentioned in this article.
Disclosures from BMO Capital Markets, Wheaton Precious Metals Corp., December 14, 2018
Analyst's Certification
I, Andrew Kaip, hereby certify that the views expressed in this report accurately reflect my personal views about the subject securities or issuers. I also certify that no part of my compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this report.
Analysts who prepared this report are compensated based upon (among other factors) the overall profitability of BMO Capital Markets and their affiliates, which includes the overall profitability of investment banking services. Compensation for research is based on effectiveness in generating new ideas and in communication of ideas to clients, performance of recommendations, accuracy of earnings estimates, and service to clients.
Analysts employed by BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc. and/or BMO Capital Markets Limited are not registered as research analysts with FINRA. These analysts may not be associated persons of BMO Capital Markets Corp. and therefore may not be subject to the FINRA Rule 2241 restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account.
Company Specific Disclosures
Disclosure 2: BMO Capital Markets has provided investment banking services with respect to Wheaton Precious Metals within the past 12 months.
Disclosure 4: BMO Capital Markets or an affiliate has received compensation for investment banking services from Wheaton Precious Metals within the past 12 months.
Disclosure 6A: Wheaton Precious Metals is a client (or was a client) of BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc., BMO Capital Markets Corp., BMO Capital Markets Limited or an affiliate within the past 12 months: A) Investment Banking Services
Disclosure 8A: BMO Capital Markets or an affiliate has a financial interest in 1% or more of any class of the equity securities of Wheaton Precious Metals.
Disclosure 8C: BMO Capital Markets or an affiliate has a financial interest in 0.5% or more in the issued share capital of Wheaton Precious Metals.
Disclosure 9B: BMO Capital Markets makes a market in Wheaton Precious Metals in United States.
Disclosure 16: A research analyst has extensively viewed the material operations of Wheaton Precious Metals.
Disclosure 17: Wheaton Precious Metals has paid or reimbursed some or all of the research analyst's travel expenses.
For Important Disclosures on the stocks discussed in this report, please click here.
Disclosures from Scotiabank, Wheaton Precious Metals Corp., Dec. 14, 2018
Each Research Analyst named in this report or any subsection of this report certifies that (1) the views expressed in this report in connection with securities or issuers that he or she analyzes accurately reflect his or her personal views; and (2) no part of his or her compensation was, is, or will be directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed by him or her in this report.
Research Analyst compensation is not based on investment or corporate banking revenues; however, compensation may relate to the revenues of Scotiabank as a whole, of which investment banking, corporate banking, sales and trading are a part.
Important Disclosures on Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.:
Scotia Capital (USA) Inc. or its affiliates has received compensation for investment banking services in the past 12 months.
Within the last 12 months, Scotia Capital Inc. and/or its affiliates have undertaken an underwriting liability with respect to equity or debt securities of, or have provided advice for a fee with respect to, this issuer.
Scotiabank acted as a financial advisor for HudBay Minerals Inc. in a precious metals stream transaction with Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.
Research Analyst Trevor Turnbull visited the Salobo copper mine, a copper-gold open pit mine, on May 13, 2016. Partial payment was received from the issuer for the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Analyst to visit this site.
Research Analyst Trevor Turnbull visited the Antimina mine, an operating silver mine, on March 2, 2017. Partial payment was received from the issuer for the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Analyst to visit this site.
Research Analyst Trevor Turnbull visited Stillwater Mine and Metallurgical Complex, a PGM underground mine and smelter in Nye and Columbus, Montana, on September 27-28, 2018. Partial payment was received from the issuer for the travel-related expenses incurred by the Research Analyst to visit this site.
Disclosures from Macquarie, Wheaton Precious Metals Corp., Dec. 14, 2018
Analyst Certification: The views expressed in this research accurately reflect the personal views of the analyst(s) about the subject securities or issuers and no part of the compensation of the analyst(s) was, is, or will be directly or indirectly related to the inclusion of specific recommendations or views in this research. The analyst principally responsible for the preparation of this research receives compensation based on overall revenues of Macquarie Group Ltd ABN 94 122 169 279 (AFSL No. 318062) (MGL) and its related entities (the Macquarie Group) and has taken reasonable care to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in making any recommendations.
Disclosures from Barclays, Wheaton Precious Metals Corp., December 14, 2018
Barclays Capital Inc. and/or one of its affiliates does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Investors should consider this report as only a single factor in making their investment decision.
For analyst certifications and important disclosures including, where applicable, foreign affiliate disclosures, and the date and time when the production of each recommendation was completed and first disseminated, please refer to the full document
Disclosures from Bank of America Merrill Lynch, Wheaton Precious Metals Corp., December 14, 2018
Affiliates of Bank of America may make a market or deal as principal in the securities mentioned in these Sites or in options based thereon. In addition, Bank of America or its Affiliates, their shareholders, directors, officers and/or employees, may from time to time have long or short positions in such securities or in options, futures or other derivative instruments based thereon. One or more directors, officers and/or employees of Bank of America or its Affiliates may be a director of the issuer of the securities mentioned at these Sites. Bank of America or its Affiliates may have managed or co-managed a public offering of, or acted as initial purchaser or placement agent for a private placement of, any of the securities of any issuer mentioned on the Sites, or may from time to time perform consulting, advisory, lease, loan solicitation, investment banking or other services for, or solicit investment banking or other business from, mentioned companies.
Disclosures from Canaccord Genuity, Wheaton Precious Metals Corp., December 14, 2018
Analyst Certification: Each authoring analyst of Canaccord Genuity whose name appears on the front page of this research hereby certifies that (i) the recommendations and opinions expressed in this research accurately reflect the authoring analyst�s personal, independent and objective views about any and all of the designated investments or relevant issuers discussed herein that are within such authoring analyst's coverage universe and (ii) no part of the authoring analyst�s compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed by the authoring analyst in the research.
Analysts employed outside the US are not registered as research analysts with FINRA. These analysts may not be associated persons of Canaccord Genuity Inc. and therefore may not be subject to the FINRA Rule 2241 and NYSE Rule 472 restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account.
Required Company-Specific Disclosures (as of date of this publication):
Canaccord Genuity or one or more of its affiliated companies intend to seek or expect to receive compensation for Investment Banking services from Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. in the next three months.
An analyst has visited the material operations of Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.. Partial payment was received for the related travel costs.
Disclosures are available here.
Disclosures from RBC Capital Markets, Wheaton Precious Metals Corp., December 13, 2018
Melissa Oliphant, Dan Rollins, Cole Chessell, Wayne Lam (i) are not registered/qualified as research analysts with the NYSE and/or FINRA and (ii) may not be associated persons of the RBC Capital Markets, LLC and therefore may not be subject to FINRA Rule 2241 restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account.
The analyst(s) responsible for preparing this research report received compensation that is based upon various factors, including total revenues of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates, a portion of which are or have been generated by investment banking activities of the member companies of RBC Capital Markets and its affiliates.
Royal Bank of Canada, together with its affiliates, beneficially owns 1 percent or more of a class of common equity securities of Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.
RBC Capital Markets is currently providing Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. with non-securities services.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC makes a market in the securities of Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.
RBC Dominion Securities Inc. makes a market in the securities of Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.
A member company of RBC Capital Markets or one of its affiliates received compensation for products or services other than investment banking services from Wheaton Precious Metals Corp. during the past 12 months. During this time, a member company of RBC Capital Markets or one of its affiliates provided non-securities services to Wheaton Precious Metals Corp.
A BMO Capital Markets report presented both sets of figures, for last quarter and for this year.
Drilling Hits High-Grade Gold Veins in Tested Zone of Red Lake Project
Update on Tanzanian Royalty Exploration Company
Technical analyst Clive Maund charts this exploration company and explains why he believes it is at an "excellent entry point."
Dollar Breakdown on Fed Was Much Worse Than It Looks
Technical analyst Clive Maund explains why the dollar breakdown after the Fed's rate announcement is good news for precious metals.
Target Price Raised on Metals Firm 'Growing Substantial High-Grade Project'
The newly announced resource update and what it means in terms of project economics is captured in a ROTH Capital Partners report.
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The world is flat, the sun revolves around the earth, and tomatoes are poisonous. These were all at one time thought to be absolutely true….
Why is Alcoholism So Difficult to Recover From? And What Does Recovery Mean?


text:
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<!--
Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
 -->

<resources xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2">
    <string name="lb_navigation_menu_contentDescription" msgid="8084428500709675515">"Мени за навигација"</string>
    <string name="orb_search_action" msgid="1301877238242752863">"Дејство на пребарување"</string>
    <string name="lb_search_bar_hint" msgid="5700349211583074131">"Пребарајте"</string>
    <string name="lb_search_bar_hint_speech" msgid="5926531297066387462">"Зборувајте за да пребарувате"</string>
    <string name="lb_search_bar_hint_with_title" msgid="4826526877249029043">"Пребарувајте <xliff:g id="SEARCH_CONTEXT">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
    <string name="lb_search_bar_hint_with_title_speech" msgid="6032250334706920550">"Кажете за да се пребарува <xliff:g id="SEARCH_CONTEXT">%1$s</xliff:g>"</string>
    <string name="lb_control_display_fast_forward_multiplier" msgid="4657191930956702614">"%1$dX"</string>
    <string name="lb_control_display_rewind_multiplier" msgid="4597148235912710942">"%1$dX"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_play" msgid="7088090604803481121">"Пушти"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_pause" msgid="917331776961802657">"Паузирај"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_fast_forward" msgid="740570111678243493">"Премотај напред"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_fast_forward_multiplier" msgid="5734614175721471329">"Премотај напред %1$dX"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_rewind" msgid="2866333981131020771">"Премотај наназад"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_rewind_multiplier" msgid="6038956370475252734">"Премотај наназад %1$dX"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_skip_next" msgid="8117512422682146745">"Прескокни на следна"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_skip_previous" msgid="3481218248309447059">"Прескокни на претходна"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_more_actions" msgid="8730341244454469032">"Повеќе дејства"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_thumb_up" msgid="3458671378107738666">"Отштиклирај палец нагоре"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_thumb_up_outline" msgid="1385865732502550659">"Штиклирај палец нагоре"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_thumb_down" msgid="3544533410444618518">"Отштиклирај палец надолу"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_thumb_down_outline" msgid="8475278766138652105">"Штиклирај палец надолу"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_repeat_none" msgid="1614290959784265209">"Не повторувај ниедна"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_repeat_all" msgid="8429099206716245199">"Повтори ги сите"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_repeat_one" msgid="676658705837320560">"Повтори една"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_shuffle_enable" msgid="5151681938752704485">"Овозможи мешање"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_shuffle_disable" msgid="6793109999253893369">"Оневозможи мешање"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_high_quality_enable" msgid="3057698527166674705">"Овозможи висок квалитет"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_high_quality_disable" msgid="1209119371486219736">"Оневозможи висок квалитет"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_closed_captioning_enable" msgid="2346334170216706076">"Овозможи затворени титлови"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_closed_captioning_disable" msgid="8691966842977635128">"Оневозможи затворени титлови"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_picture_in_picture" msgid="5770668162543767702">"Влези во режимот "Слика во слика""</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_time_separator" msgid="1471121602610716654">"/"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_shown" msgid="8690223891515602822">"Контролите на аудиовизуелните датотеки се прикажани"</string>
    <string name="lb_playback_controls_hidden" msgid="5859666950961624736">"Контролите на аудиовизуелните датотеки се сокриени. Притиснете на навигациските копчиња за да се прикажат"</string>
    <string name="lb_guidedaction_finish_title" msgid="3330958750346333890">"Готово"</string>
    <string name="lb_guidedaction_continue_title" msgid="893619591225519922">"Продолжи"</string>
    <string name="lb_media_player_error" msgid="3228326776757666747">"Код за грешка на MediaPlayer %1$d дополнително %2$d"</string>
    <string name="lb_onboarding_get_started" msgid="5549711907371161292">"ЗАПОЧНЕТЕ"</string>
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Qaleh-ye Dokhtar (, also Romanized as Qal'eh-ye Dokhtar) is a village in Sorkh Qaleh Rural District, in the Central District of Qaleh Ganj County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 119, with 40 families.

References

Populated places in Qaleh Ganj County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


So the Clinic never did call me back... so I called them again a couple days ago. They told me to go see the local doctor, who I refer to as the Witch Doctor because she's rather rude. But whatever, went to see the Witch Doctor, she prescribed some antibiotics for me and told me to go give a blood and urine sample. I thought she might do that, though, so I fasted before my appointment just in case. That went as well as can be expected when it comes to surprise blood tests.
Got my antibiotics from the pharmacy... they're freaking HUGE. At least two or three times the size of a normal gel capsule. They're Gryffindor colours, though, which is amusing. I have to take one every six hours for five days. Blargh.
I mentioned this site and blog in a thread on Solia, so if there are any Solians reading this, hello! Sorry for all the health talk.
In other news, I have "Under African Skies" by Paul Simon stuck in my head.
Fantastic news from the doctor yesterday.
My kidneys are functioning the best they have since March. Most of my blood test results were written in happy, black ink, not bad, red ink.
The doctor said that at the 18 month mark, we're going to try taking me off my medication.
Even the stuff that was supposed to be permanent.
If it works, I will be able to have children after all.
Well, yesterday certainly was interesting. Hello, emo Jenn! Yeesh. Sorry about that, guys.
Anyway, today I have my doctor's appointment. My dad and I are going to go for lunch at Perkins first, so that's exciting. I do love Perkins.
Hopefully this appointment will be quick and relatively painless. I hate the damn blood pressure cuff, but it's over quickly enough.
Shall I make some med-changing predictions? I think they're going to increase my Ramipril to 15mg/day, I think they might decrease my Prednisone to 5mg/day if I'm lucky, and I think they'll let me keep my Furosemide at 60mg/day. CellCept they'll obviously leave alone.
Will update when I get home!


text:
Q: Questions about Windows Phone notification URIs I would like to ask some questions about Windows Phone push notification Uris, and I would appreciate if someone could answer them.

*

*Uris have the same host? I mean, for example if the uri is this:

http://db3.notify.live.net/throttledthirdparty/01.00/AQH1BAJf76f1RY_CHtRmqazsAgAAAAADAQAAAAQUZm52OkRFQkNENjJCNTFENUM0RjQFBkVVTk8wMQ
The host will always be http://db3.notify.live.net/throttledthirdparty/01.00/ ?

*

*The token has always the same length? Or same format? Just like this AQH1BAJf76f1RY_CHtRmqazsAgAAAAADAQAAAAQUZm52OkRFQkNENjJCNTFENUM0RjQFBkVVTk8wMQ

Beginning with AQ or ending with wMQ for example.
NOTE: I am talking about Windows Phone device, perhaps it may vary depending on the platform.
Thank you in advance

A: Microsoft don't supply info regarding the host of the notification channel for MPNS (as opposed to WNS, for Windows 8 Store Applications, in which the host always ends with the windows.com domain).
The length of the notification channel is up to 1024 characters. There is no information regarding the specific format.

When your client app detects a channel URI change, your app must send
  the newest URI to your service. Your service must retain only the
  latest channel URI for each client. Consider associating the user's
  device ID with their channel URI in your service. Your service can
  then use the device ID to reconcile whether a channel URI is for a new
  user, or if it's replacing an existing channel URI for an existing
  user.
Windows Phone documentation offers many examples that demonstrate how
  to set up an app to receive push notifications, including some that
  show you how you can set up an event handler to respond to changes in
  the channel URI. See How to Send and receive Tile Notifications for
  Windows Phone for one way to do this using the
  PushChannel_ChannelUriUpdated function.
Channel URIs may be up to 1,024 characters long.

(Source)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Family Therapists work with families and family members to help them find constructive ways to help each other. Families are like small and unique communities, and like all communities they sometimes get into difficulties through their differences with one another, or feel the strain when family members experience troubles. Marybeth Mendenhall is our Associate Family Therapist.
Family Therapy - What to Expect?
Family therapy enables family members to listen, respect and understand different perspectives and views, to appreciate each other's needs and to build on their strengths to make useful changes and find positive ways forward.
'Family' describes any group of people who care about each other and define themselves as such. Family therapists support change in anyone who wants to improve their relationships, whether it be and individual, couple, family, parts of families or step -families.
We have many years of experience, and provide a wide range of Counselling and Psychotherapy services. We also offer many approaches including Integrative Psychotherapy, Art Psychotherapy, Cognitive Behavioural Psychotherapy and Existential Psychotherapy.


The Best Weed Grinder and Grinder Tips You Didn't Know you Needed. ... The only issue you'll have with this grinder is if you prefer to vape your bud it doesn't grind the weed up fine enough. Pros. ... This is a tough question, but one often asked. It ultimately depends on your personal tastes. Do you love kief?
If you answered yes to any of these questions, the answer is simple: learn how to use a grinder. ... When your weed is chopped small enough in the grinding chamber, it will fall through the holes into the collection chamber. You can then unscrew this bottom chamber and collect the pot for use.
Pot Questions: To Grind or Not to Grind Your Weed?
Pot Questions: To Grind or Not to Grind Your Weed? By Ed Mitchell Whether to grind or not to grind your weed is a pretty hot topic at our Have a Heart recreational marijuana shop in Bothell .
r/saplings is a place to ask questions and learn about cannabis use, harm reduction, and culture. Feel free to make a post asking a specific question about cannabis, and the community will answer. We also welcome links and self-posts that contain helpful advice and information about cannabis.
The top chamber is where you put the weed before grinding it, and it holds the biggest pieces after grinding. ... is very important in the cannabis industry because there are countless misconceptions and flat out myths about weed and its products. The questions below will help you make more sense of kief.
Types of Grinders | Your Options for Grinding Weed, Herbs, and Cannabis February 14, 2017 by Mikie Joe Leave a Comment If you're looking to smoke out of a joint, bong, bowl or any other kind of specialized smoking device, you're gonna need a grinder.
22 Commonly Asked Questions About Vaping Weed. Since vaping is a relatively new technique, there is usually some uncertainty around vapes/vaping weed. ... Afterward, grind the weed you want to consume and put the grains inside your tea ball. Place this tea ball at the other open end of the paper tube.
grinding (weed whacker sounding) sound front driver side. Would act up for a few days then would slowly get lower in volume then it would completely go away. Today, it sounds really bad.
Jan 15, 2013· Best Answer: It depends on how potent your weed is, some are obviously a lot stinkier than others. I take care of all my smoking business (grinding, smoking, etc.) near a window. I take care of all my smoking business (grinding, smoking, etc.) near a window.
A weed grinder (or, in fact, any dry herb grinder) is a small cylindrical device that almost looks like a toy. Well, almost. It's used to grind up dry material through mechanical friction and has specially made 'teeth' that help it achieve that.
This low price weed grinder is a must-having tool for grinding your weed. Let's have a look at this amazing grinder. ... They claim to refund your money without asking you any question. Pros: Durable build quality. Unique design. Large space container. Powerful output. Lifetime warranty. Easy to clean. Crushes smoothly. Money back guarantee.
Oct 01, 2008· Grinding Weed. Discussion in 'Strains and Definitions' started by GolfproLucas, Sep 22, 2008. ... Sorry didnt know where to put this but i have a question with grinding your weed up, does it last as long to be more clear does ground up weed last as long as weed still in nugs?
Aug 19, 2017· To grind or not to grind - That is the question. Thread starter greengostarr; Start date Aug 12, 2017; Tags bowl grind into not weed; Aug 12, 2017 ... I used to always grind/chop my weed before smoking a bowl, but as the awe has slowly dwindled, I find myself challenging societal norms.
Nov 07, 2015· To grind weed without a grinder, place the marijuana buds into a shot glass and use the tips of scissors to snip the weed in the glass for 1 minute, or until the pieces are the right size. Alternatively, use a non-serrated kitchen knife to chop the buds into small pieces on a cutting board.
The uniquely shaped holes shear your buds instead of grinding them into powder The shearing makes any buds kind of fluffy, even if you're using dense buds that are tough to break up. I have found that buds actually seem stronger/more potent compared to not grinding them because the ground bud burns all the way through evenly in just one breath.