text:
This Woman Is Haunted By A Simple Task She Needs To Do Three Weeks From Now
Womanspiration - Jun 19, 2019 By: Editor
StressProductivityExistential Dread
In a bone-chilling story out of Houston, 27-year-old Tess Luville remains haunted by the thought of a simple task she has to complete three weeks from now.
"My license expires on my birthday next month, and I need to renew it before then," said Tess. "It's really not a big deal, but my mind is heavily burdened by the mere idea that I will have to do so."
Tess, who lives in a state where the DMV really isn't that bad, went on to explain the existential anguish that this truly minor errand has caused.
"Every waking moment, I am filled with dread about having to renew my license in three weeks or maybe four depending on how long I feel comfortable driving with it expired," explained Tess. "It torments my waking life, it plagues my dreams; I have no idea what I'm going to do."
"The only way out of this personal hell is to just do the thing," she added, after completing several other important errands via email. "And I do not know if I can do the thing."
"Every day for a month, Tess has called me to vent about her license," said Jerry Luville. "I don't know how many more times I can tell her that it will probably take less than 20 minutes. Doing things in person really isn't that bad."
"I mean, has she even checked if she could just renew online?" he added. "I'm at my wit's end."
When asked if Tess had considered the online renewal route, she had this to say.
"I guess I could check if that's possible, but that would require me to complete another task," she said. "I don't know if I could handle it."
Fun Day Trips You Won't Fully Unpack From Until Three Weeks Later
Woman Who Says She Needs Coffee Actually Needs Entirely New Life
Simple Ways to Tell Your Daughter She's Simple-Minded
Wow! When This Woman Couldn't Afford Her Insulin, Her Whole Town Chipped in for Her Funeral Aw! These Friends Graduated College And All Went On To Gentrify The Same Neighborhood


text:
Nov. 11, 2013 / 3:30 AM
Today is Monday, Nov. 11, the 315th day of 2013 with 50 to follow.
This is Veterans Day in the United States.
The moon is waxing. The morning stars are Jupiter, Mars, Mercury and Saturn. The evening stars are Neptune, Uranus and Venus.
Those born on this date are under the sign of Scorpio. They include Abigail Adams, wife of U.S. President John Adams, in 1744; Russian author Fyodor Dostoyevsky in 1821; Austrian pacifist and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Alfred Hermann Fried in 1864; U.S. Army Gen. George Patton in 1885; baseball Hall of Fame member Walter "Rabbit" Maranville in 1891; actor Pat O'Brien in 1899; Alger Hiss, accused of being a communist spy in Washington in the late 1940s, in 1904; actors Robert Ryan in 1909 and Stubby Kaye in 1918; novelist Kurt Vonnegut Jr. in 1922; comedian Jonathan Winters in 1925; jazz musician Mose Allison in 1927 (age 86); golfer Frank "Fuzzy" Zoeller in 1951 (age 62); and actors Stanley Tucci in 1960 (age 53), Demi Moore in 1962 (age 51), Philip McKeon and Calista Flockhart, both in 1964 (age 49) and Leonardo DiCaprio in 1974 (age 39).
On this date in history:
In 1831, Nat Turner, who led fellow slaves on a bloody uprising in Virginia, was hanged. Turner, an educated minister, believed he was chosen by God to lead people out of slavery. About 60 whites were killed in the two-day rampage.
In 1889, Washington was admitted to the union as the 42nd state.
In 1918, World War I ended with the signing of the Armistice.
In 1921, U.S. President Warren Harding dedicated the Tomb of the Unknowns at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia.
In 1938, Kate Smith first performed "God Bless America" on her weekly radio show. The song had been written for her by Irving Berlin.
In 1945, composer Jerome Kern, who wrote such memorable tunes as "Ol' Man River," "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" and "The Last Time I Saw Paris," died at the age of 60.
In 1982, the space shuttle Columbia blasted off on the first commercial space mission.
In 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan nominated Judge Anthony Kennedy to the U.S. Supreme Court after Judge Douglas Ginsburg withdrew his nomination and Judge Robert Bork was rejected by the Senate.
In 1989, an estimated 1 million East Germans poured into reopened West Germany for a day of celebration, visiting and shopping. Most returned home.
In 1992, the Church of England broke the tradition of a male-only clergy when it voted to allow the ordination of women as priests.
In 1994, Jimi Hendrix's stage outfit, John Lennon's "army" shirt and guitars from the Grateful Dead's Jerry Garcia and the Beach Boys were among the items sold at the first pop memorabilia and guitar sale at Christie's in New York.
In 2001, two months after terrorist attacks on the United States, President George W. Bush and leaders from around the world stood near the World Trade Center ruins and, in a solemn ceremony, honored the dead from more than 80 nations.
In 2002, more than 30 people were killed by tornadoes and other storms that swept across the U.S. South and the Ohio Valley.
In 2004, Yasser Arafat, the longtime Palestinian leader whose career ranged from terrorist to diplomat, a key figure in the forever smoldering Middle East, died in a Paris hospital after several days in a coma. He was 75.
In 2005, Harvard-educated Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, dubbed the "Iron Lady," claimed electoral victory and became the first woman president of Liberia.
In 2006, an anonymous tip led investigators to a mass grave in Bosnia containing more than 100 victims of the Srebrenica massacre.
In 2011, Mexican Interior Minister Francisco Blake Mora, point man in the government's war against organized crime and drug cartels, was among eight people killed in a helicopter crash in southern Mexico City.
In 2012, U.S. President Barack Obama laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknowns in a Veterans Day ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery. The wreath, he said, is "to remember every service member who has ever worn our nation's uniform."
A thought for the day: Upon formation of United Artists in 1919, Richard Rowland said, "The lunatics have taken charge of the asylum." (UA was founded by actors Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford and director D.W. Griffith.)
Abigail Adams
Alger Hiss
Anthony Kennedy
D.W. Griffith
Douglas Fairbanks
Douglas Ginsburg
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Kate Smith
Mary Pickford
Philip McKeon
Richard Rowland
Odd News // 2 days ago
Man misreads lottery ticket, then discovers $150,000 win
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- A North Carolina man said he at first misread a winning lottery ticket and thought he had only won $1,000, but it turned out he actually won $150,000.
Deer rescued with head stuck in bird feeder
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- A mule deer in Pine, Colo., was rescued by park rangers after getting its head jammed into a 10-pound plastic bird feeder.
Dog missing in stolen car returned after two weeks
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- A dog stolen in Denver on New Year's Day inside an unlocked car was returned to its owner after being missing for two weeks.
Cat reunited with owner after going missing during mudslides
Jan. 15 (UPI) -- Patches, a calico cat that went missing during the Southern California mudslides in January 2018, has been reunited with her owner.
Tower of London raven presumed dead after multi-week absence
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- The Tower of London said one of its ravens is feared dead, bringing it closer to a legend that would indicate the fall of the kingdom.
Florida wildlife officials rescue six trapped manatees
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- Six trapped manatees were rescued at Pine island Conversation Area in Florida by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conversation Commission.
Venomous eastern brown snake found in family pool
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- A deadly eastern brown snake was discovered swimming inside the overflow channel of a family's pool located in the suburb of Marino in Adelaide, Australia.
Man who forgot Bitcoin password accepts fate
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- Stefan Thomas, of San Francisco, says he has made peace with forgetting his Bitcoin password that would turn him into a multimillionaire.
Escaped cow allowed to live on animal farm
Jan. 14 (UPI) -- A young cow that was able to escape from a slaughterhouse is being allowed to live on an animal farm located near Salzburg, Austria.
Man wins his second $50,000 lottery prize in just over a year
Jan. 13 (UPI) -- A Maryland man visited state lottery headquarters to collect a $50,000 top prize from the Bonus Match 5 game for the second time in just over a year.
Website seeks 'professional binge watcher' to watch Netflix, eat pizza
Game warden uses marksmanship to rescue deer with locked antlers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
SAU finds solutions to thwarted hopper attacks on agriculture
By Arshad Yousafzai September 29, 2021
Scholar of Sindh Agriculture University has conducted research on the attack of hoppers in mango orchards. It has also discovered the solution by conducting in-depth research on the stages and strategies of hopper life to control it. Raja Riaz Hassan Awan, a scholar in the Department of Entomology SAU Tandojam, presented a copy of his dissertation to Vice Chancellor Dr. Fateh Marri.
A brief event in this regard was held on Tuesday at the Vice Chancellor's Secretariat. During his research Raja Riaz Hassan Awan has proven that mango production is being severely affected by the attack of hopper on mango orchards, which is affecting the leaves and flowers of mangos. In these attack hopper sucks the juice of mango leaves and flowers, releasing a substance named honey dew, which causes a disease termed as sooty mould in mangoes. The disease can affect the productivity of mangoes, damaging the mango production by 20 to 100%.
Dr. Fateh Marri, Vice Chancellor, Sindh Agriculture University, said that experts of Sindh Agriculture University are working on disease free mango nursery and research work is also underway in the university. He said that there is a big market for the product, experts and scholars should introduce disease-free mango products and distribute them to the growers so that they can produce export quality products, they can get better benefits from their exports and growers can also contribute to the development of the country.
Besides the Vice Chancellor, Dr. Jan Mohammad Murri, Dean, Faculty of Crop Protection, Dr. Mubeen Lodhi, Director Advanced Studies, Dr. Abdul Ghani Lanjar, Supervisor, Dr. Aslam Bakiro, Co-Supervisor, Dr Imtiaz Ahmad Nizamani Dr. Imran Khatri and others were present.
Author Arshad Yousafzai
Arshad Yousafzai is a Karachi-based journalist covering Education and Human Rights. He can be reached on Twitter @Arshadyousafzay
Hamdard University holds 88th meeting of Board of Advanced Studies and Research
BSEK accepts forms for annual examination of Oriental Studies


text:
Pegomya terminalis este o specie de muște din genul Pegomya, familia Anthomyiidae. A fost descrisă pentru prima dată de Camillo Rondani în anul 1866. Conform Catalogue of Life specia Pegomya terminalis nu are subspecii cunoscute.

Referințe

Pegomya

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: multi-response outcome: multivariate or univariate regression? I have a dependent variable which represents participants' responses on 20 words, coded as 1 = correct , 0 = incorrect
Question: I am keeping the regression as univariate for now (as far as dependent variables).
But after more readings I am confused on whether I should transfer the words into 20 dependent variables to have a multivariate regression?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
'use strict';
let Lodash = require('Lodash');

describe('Lodash utilities', function() {

    it.skip('Iterating objects as keys and values', function() {
        let sampleObject = {
            console: 'pretty',
            rollingFile: 'compact',
            splunk: true
        };

        Lodash.transform(sampleObject, function(result, value, key) {
            if(Lodash.isString(value)) {
                console.log(`${key} -> ${value}`);
            }
            else {
                console.log(`${key} does not refer to a formatter name`);
            }
        }, []);
    });

});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
.. _flag-reference:

Flag reference
==============

This section is a quick-reference for GHC's command-line flags. For each
flag, we also list its mode/dynamic status (see
:ref:`mode-dynamic-flags`), and the flag's opposite (if available).

Verbosity options
-----------------

More details in :ref:`options-help`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.33\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.26\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: verbosity

Alternative modes of operation
------------------------------

More details in :ref:`modes`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: modes

Which phases to run
-------------------

More details in :ref:`options-order`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: phases

Redirecting output
------------------

More details in :ref:`options-output`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: redirect-output

Keeping intermediate files
--------------------------

More details in :ref:`keeping-intermediates`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: keep-intermediates

Temporary files
---------------

More details in :ref:`temp-files`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: temp-files

Finding imports
---------------

More details in :ref:`search-path`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: search-path

Interface file options
----------------------

More details in :ref:`hi-options`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: interface-files

Recompilation checking
----------------------

More details in :ref:`recomp`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: recompilation

.. _interactive-mode-options:

Interactive-mode options
------------------------

More details in :ref:`ghci-dot-files`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: interactive

Packages
--------

More details in :ref:`packages`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: packages

Language options
----------------

Language options can be enabled either by a command-line option
``-Xblah``, or by a ``{-# LANGUAGE blah #-}`` pragma in the file itself.
See :ref:`options-language`.

Warnings
--------

More details in :ref:`options-sanity`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: warnings

Optimisation levels
-------------------

These options are described in more detail in :ref:`options-optimise`.

See :ref:`options-f-compact` for a list of optimisations enabled on
level 1 and level 2.

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: optimization-levels

.. _options-f-compact:

Individual optimisations
------------------------

These options are described in more detail in :ref:`options-f`. If a
flag is implied by ``-O`` then it is also implied by ``-O2`` (unless
flag description explicitly says otherwise). If a flag is implied by
``-O0`` only then the flag is not implied by ``-O`` and ``-O2``.

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: optimization

Profiling options
-----------------

More details in :ref:`profiling`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: profiling

Program coverage options
------------------------

More details in :ref:`hpc`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: coverage

C pre-processor options
-----------------------

More details in :ref:`c-pre-processor`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: cpp

Code generation options
-----------------------

More details in :ref:`options-codegen`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: codegen

Linking options
---------------

More details in :ref:`options-linker`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.35\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.44\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.10\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: linking

Plugin options
--------------

More details in :ref:`compiler-plugins`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: plugins

Replacing phases
----------------

More details in :ref:`replacing-phases`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: phase-programs

Forcing options to particular phases
------------------------------------

More details in :ref:`forcing-options-through`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: phase-options

Platform-specific options
-------------------------

More details in :ref:`options-platform`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.30\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.31\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.29\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: platform-options

Compiler debugging options
--------------------------

More details in :ref:`options-debugging`

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.35\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.44\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.10\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: debugging

Miscellaneous compiler options
------------------------------

.. tabularcolumns::
    | p{\dimexpr 0.35\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.44\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.11\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |
      p{\dimexpr 0.10\textwidth-2\tabcolsep} |

.. flag-print::
    :type: table
    :category: misc


Former drug user Elizabeth Owens, 58, joins people with a history of drug use, the formerly incarcerated and people living with AIDS, all identifying as "victims of the drug war" as they protest across the street from NYC Drug Enforcement Administration office located at 99 10th Avenue in Manhattan on Friday, March 18, 2016. They describe its role as perpetuating the worst of drug war policies, including mass incarceration of people of color, fueling violence abroad and fighting scientific evidence and public health needs in order to wage the drug war at all costs. Protestors drop a banner that reads "Just Say No to the DEA", followed by blocking traffic along 10th Avenue.


Sugar nutrients aid cellular communication to harness your body's potential.
Nutrition the body requires to nourish your trillion of cells in the body. Cells communicate with each other and send signals to properly protect, repair, heal and restore.
When you are strong at a cellular level, your immune system works at its most optimal way.
True health starts with healthy body composition.
Radically transform your figure and health.
Detox and cleanse your body from toxins.
Shape down and restart your metabolism.
Lifestyle and nutrition are important components to achieve total wellness.
What is the difference between nutrition and food?
Nutrition is giving your body the required nutrients to be able to function at its most optimal level. Food is the raw material available in nature that our bodies require and recognize for proper nutrition.
Food is foundational for a healthy body. It is much more than calories since it builds our cells, tissue and organs. Food and nutrients are information for the body to proper function.
Understanding and learning how food functions in the body gives you ownership and awareness to make healthy eating choices.
A healthy and balanced diet is both important for development and prevention of illnesses.
Water is the source of life for humans, animals and plants.
Water is essential to the body's temperature regulation, keeping it cool through perspiration.
Water helps maintain a healthy weigh, it helps the body absorbing nutrients and composes 75% of your brain.
Sleep is a very important component in life. Sleep is as essential to our health as it is eating, drinking and breathing. It allows the body to repair itself and our brains to consolidate our memories and process information. Your body uses most of the night to heal and restore your cells and tissues.
Being healthy is a journey. It is in constant evolution as we age.
It is important to recognize your body's need to function properly.
consider when searching for a balanced life.


Annora Brown at work in her beloved southern Alberta.
A worship service Sunday, Aug. 16 at Waterton will honour the memory of a Fort Macleod artist.
Rev. Joyce Sasse will lead the service titled "Spiritual Reflections on Landscape (with pioneer artist Annora Brown) at 10:30 a.m. at Waterton United Church.
Almost 60 years ago, when Rev. Sasse worked as summer staff in Waterton, Annora Brown was nearing retirement.
But the depth and spirit of her wild flower paintings, along with her passion for this Southwest corner of Alberta, were etched in Rev. Sasse's memory.
Over the years Rev. Sasse has researched and brought to life the biographical details of Brown — the pioneer artist, writer, botanist and ecologist whose home was Fort Macleod from 1900 -'67).
In the context of worship at the Aug. 16 service, Rev. Sasse will invite those in attendance to revisit some of Annora Brown's favourite haunts.
"We want to try to understand her insistence that this 'magnificent, unique, wild landscape" must be treasured and preserved," Rev. Sasse said.
Books by Annora Brown are Old Man's Garden and Sketches From Life.
Along with several oil paintings, the Glenbow Museum has a commissioned collection of Brown's water colour paintings in its archives.
Annora Brown's supporters are looking for a way to get her 300 paintings in the Glenbow Museum digitized so they can be available for viewing.


What is the Youth Coding League?
The Youth Coding League is a FREE after-school program for middle school students, supported by the Marquette Technology Institute, using Google's CS First curriculum and the Scratch programming language.
The Marquette Technology Institute implements the Youth Coding League at no cost to schools.
The Marquette Technology Institute provides support to schools with stipends and training for teachers, an MTi facilitator, and an innovative, competitive element and dedicated website at YouthCodingLeague.com.
The Marquette Technology Institute organizes an awards party at the conclusion of the semester-long program, where students from the region come together to showcase their projects to the community and find out who will take home Technical Merit, Community Favorite, Regular Season Top Scorer, and Most Improved prizes.
They instill logical thinking and problem-solving skills, empowering kids to take part in the digital workplace of the future.
They help kids improve academically, teaching them to solve problems and set themselves up for future success with in-demand skills.
They are widely applicable, 21st-century skills that contribute to a well-rounded, academically comprehensive student.
During each session of the CS First Curriculum, students can earn up to 60 points and track their progress and compete against other players and teams across the league. Students can earn points by attending the Youth Coding League, by documenting what they learned, participating in the curriculum by watching the instructional videos, completing the stated objectives, getting creative and going farther than the objectives, and by completing their work within the set amount of time. Regular season top scorers are awarded at the conclusion of the semester.
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text:
Universal Music uses false copyright claim to censor news program about its false copyright claim
Cory Doctorow 6:03 am Thu Dec 15, 2011
The saga of Universal Music's fraudulent attempt to censor the video major music recording artists produced in support of MegaUpload continues. Not content with perjuring themselves with a false claim of ownership via YouTube's takedown system, Universal has now sent a takedown notice to censor a news report that reproduced the video.
Universal had Monday's episode of Tech News Today pulled off of YouTube for simply reporting on the controversy. Host Tom Merritt and crew played two clips of the "Mega Song" video while discussing the issue and MegaUpload's pending lawsuit Monday afternoon, which was too much for Universal: it filed a copyright dispute and had the episode pulled from YouTube by Monday night. Never mind that news reporting and commentary are core elements of the traditional fair use analysis, of course — or that no audio from the video was even played during first clip.
Tom tells us he wasn't informed of the video's removal until a fan told him on Twitter, and that the episode was promptly restored when he complained using YouTube's automated dispute process — but Universal followed up with an official DMCA takedown request on Tuesday morning, and the show is currently down. Tom's filed YouTube's corresponding DMCA counter-dispute and the video will go back up in 10 days unless Universal decides to go full-on crazy and actually file a lawsuit, but at this point the damage has been done. As Tom says, "In 10 days a daily news show is worthless, so Universal was able to censor this episode of Tech News Today."
Universal has 'Tech News Today' episode yanked from YouTube for reporting on MegaUpload promo video [The Verge]
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text:
\section{Introduction}
Weber's law (1834) and Fechner's extension (1860) summarize the basic phenomenology of perception.  They belong to the field of psychophysics and neuronal physiology more generally, which has been of central interest to physics from the time of Helmholtz to recent revivals in what is now called the field of neurophysics.\\
Weber's law speaks about the accuracy of discrimination.  Whether by touch, sound, light or smell, whenever we compare two sensations, there appears a limit to the accuracy of our discrimination and that keenness  varies, at least in many cases, with the magnitude of the agitation. For example, if for a load we are merely able to distinguish a mass of 100g from one of 108 gram, we would typically need a difference of 80g to notice the unequity of two masses of about 1kg.  That is, the just-noticeable-difference between the magnitudes of two stimuli increases proportional to the magnitude.\\  Fechner continued from there to state that the perceived stimulus is logarithmic in the actual stimulus:  $I_p = K \log I/I_0$ for a constant $K$, where $I$ is the actual intensity of the stimulus when $I>I_0$ and $I_p$ is the perceived one; $I_0$ can be identified with the treshold for perception. E.g., $I$ could be the luminous intensity of a source and $I_p$ would be the apparent brightness for eye light-intensity response.\\
It is no surprise that the Weber law about the accuracy of discrimination  is a consequence of the Fechner law $I_p = K \log (I/I_0)$ for the relation between perceived and actual stimulus intensities.  We only need to state that a difference in perception is possible at $\Delta I_p \sim 1$ (arbitrary units) to find that at that threshold $K \Delta I \sim I$ implying we need a difference $\Delta I$ in actual stimulus growing in proportion with the absolute intensity $I$. Therefore, no extra explanation of Weber's law is needed beyond that interpretation of Fechner's relation. \\
Those laws constitute a regularity in sensation that has been confirmed in a great variety of experiments, {\it auditu et tactu} as written in the title of \cite{webr}, over a wide range of stimulus strengths.  It has been observed with many animal species as well, and in much greater variety of sensations than originally discussed in the works of Weber and Fechner \cite{webr,fech}.  There are a number of generalizations and corrections, \cite{stevr,rev}, depending on the type of stimulus and on their range but in all, Weber-Fechner laws stand out as widely established phenomenology of psychophysics.\\

Over the last two centuries, from the sensory and nerve physiology pioneered by von Helmholtz to today's  neuroscience, imaging data and knowledge about perception and sensation have immensily increased without clearly revealing however the physics behind that ``foundation stone of experimental psychology,'' \cite{titch}.
Sure enough, analogies have been made and equivalences exposed between Weber-Fechner behavior and certain chemophysical or neuronal properties.  For example in \cite{cope}, the Fechner law is  associated to charge transport over solid-solid or solid-liquid interfaces, assuming the response behavior of the receptor follows	the Elovich equation  and that the generation of response is simply and directly proportional to stimulus intensity.  As a more recent example, in \cite{neuro}  Weber's law is tied to the dependence of reaction times under stimuli; see also \cite{rat} for the underlying decision model. Nevertheless, there is no uniquely or broadly accepted explanation of the Weber-Fechner laws from more elementary physics principles \cite{rev}.\\
There are probably a number of reasons for this lack of foundation, not only that the laws are approximate anyhow.  First, after the pioneering work in the 19th century, the phenomenology has been known and discussed most of all in the psychology literature and in the context of human preception, which obviously does not simplify matters for physics.    The Weber-Fechner laws have a vagueness or subjectivity in their `human' formulation, using such terms as ``accuracy of discrimination,'' ``threshold of sensation'' and  ``perceived perception,'' which makes them less accessible for a mechanistic explanation.  Objective `material' facts seem to be missing from the laws until the advent of modern neurophysiology.   There is however also a second class of reasons why the Weber-Fechner laws have remained elusive, and that has to do with the status of response theory in physics.  For the most part, in teaching and in applications, that has been restricted to linear response and to equilibrium systems.  The so-called fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the Einstein relation and Kubo theory of linear response traditionally deal with the close-to-equilibrium regime and pre-suppose a linear regime where force and displacement are linearly related \cite{ku,kubo,chan}.  Those criteria are of course not met for human or animal perception. Stimuli need not be small and the whole sensory equipment is subject to important active processes where fluctuation-dissipation relations are violated; see e.g.~\cite{pao,frog}. \\

Also for the line of arguments in the present paper it is essential to mention that perception can be split into two basic processes, an initial stage where the stimulus is coded in neuronal activity and a final stage where brain activity is coupled to cognitive and muscular processes creating the perceived stimulus.  Our ambition is not to model that full and complicated sequence of transmissions and conversions and we remain far from neurobiological details.  Our main innovation regards the final stages of the perception process where we interpret perceived stimulus as current or displacement induced by a collection of activated components.    In the main part we derive from response theory how excess activity determines the induced forces and currents.  Response  for active and nonequilibrium systems is a subject of much recent interest and we use the ideas in e.g. \cite{resp,fdr,urna,fdr1}.   For the initial stage of perception, only in Section \ref{webr} do we add to model the conversion of stimulus into neuronal activity, which is where the logarithm happens.   We argue for the naturalness of such encoding of the actual stimulus as excess reactivity.\\
The present paper is thus adding the following ingredients to arrive at a statistical foundation of Weber-Fechner laws: \\
 1)   Interpreting perception or the perceived stimulus as  displacement (e.g. in generating a shift in positions or velocities) we get rid of the subjective formulation and we make the Weber-Fechner laws a subject of response theory.  The actual stimulus is assumed to perturb (only) the time-symmetric reactivity in a driven Markov jump process modeling neuronal activity;\\
  2) Applying nonequilibrium response theory, we show that the induced excess in dynamical activity governs that displacement.  Therefore, from arguing logarithmic dependence in the coding of a stimulus in neuronal activity, we arrive at the Weber-Fechner laws.\\

  In Section \ref{nonr} we connect the Weber-Fechner phenomenology with response theory. It is the time-symmetric dynamical activity which is changed by the stimulus and which determines a corresponding displacement or perception. We first present in Section \ref{acti} two simple models to illustrate that main idea.  In Section \ref{webr} we end with arguments for the log-dependence of reaction rates on stimuli. Note also that the logarithmic response does not always get validated by the empirical facts; there are exceptions and limitations.  We briefly discuss in Section \ref{lims} how and where those may arise, such as in the power-law response summarized in Stevens' law \cite{stevr}.

\section{Perceived stimulus from excess activity}\label{acti}

Two simple examples can illustrate how excess in dynamical activity (visible in escape rate and reactivity) contributes to and even determines the current when fixing the out-of-equilibrium condition in terms of driving. In the first example, we consider driven passive particles for which the current gets amplified by increasing the dynamical activity.   The example has no relation with neuronal physiology, but illustrates the principle. In the second example, the particles are active and no net current needs to be present, until coupled with firing bits.  That example is already providing a toy-modeling of later stages in perception.  In all events, in the present section we are only concerned with the issue how changes in dynamical activity generate (extra) displacement.

\subsection{Passive model}\label{spins}
A dilute collection of charges are driven through a narrow tube.  The solvent is a viscous fluid in equilibrium at temperature $T$. There is a constant force ${\cal E}>0$ on the charges, say to the right.  Imagining that the tube is spatially periodic in one dimension with cells of size $L$, we take the model of a biased continuous-time random walk;  integers $x$ correspond to the cells in the tube.  The transition rates to hop to the right-neighboring, respectively to the left-neighboring cell, are
\[
k(x,x+1) = p,\qquad k(x,x-1) = q
\]
where we require that $p/q = \exp[{\cal E}L/k_BT]$, expressing that the ratio of forward to  backward rates is given by the entropy flux to the environment in units of the Boltzmann constant $k_B$ (condition of local detailed balance; see \cite{resp}).
 Writing ${\cal E}L/k_BT = \ve$, we thus have
\begin{equation}\label{rwr}
k(x,x+1) = \xi(\ve)\,\frac{1}{1+e^{-\ve}},\qquad k(x,x-1) = \xi(\ve)\,\frac 1{1+ e^{\ve}}
\end{equation}
where the escape rate $\xi(\ve) := p +q$ may well depend on the driving $\cal E$.  We fix a large $\ve$; that is the reference condition of the passive nonequilibrium system.  At that moment, the expected current, the net displacement of particles from cell to cell,  equals
\begin{equation}\label{ve}
\langle v\rangle_\ve= L\,( p - q) = L\,\xi(\ve)\,\frac{\sinh \ve}{1+ \cosh\ve}
\end{equation}
\begin{figure}[!h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{passivefig.pdf}
	\caption{Larger (blue) spheres are driven by an external field $\ve$ in a tube with an irregular interior, dissipating into the viscous liquid represented by smaller (green) spheres.  There are obstacles drawn as blobs sticking out of the wall.  Left, before the extra activity $b(I)$ has been added: the escape rate $\xi(\ve)$ may get very low in high driving $\ve$.  Right, the extra activity $b(I)$ has increased the escape rate and hence the flux. Figure courtesy of Tirthankar Banerjee.}
	\label{tube}
\end{figure}
 Note that it is the escape rate $\xi(\ve)$ that for large $\ve$ decides the current behavior \eqref{ve}.  It may very well be that $\xi(\ve) \downarrow 0$ for large $\ve$, depending on trapping or caging mechanism such as in the left picture of Fig.~\ref{tube}.  The standard fluctuation--dissipation relation is violated for large $\ve$.  In contrast, to linear order in $\ve$ the dependence $\xi(\ve)$ is irrelevant except for $\xi(0)\neq 0$: $\langle v\rangle_\ve= L\,\xi(\ve=0)\,\ve/2$.    See also \cite{negheatcap,chemfalasco}. \\
 Next, a stimulus of some sort is applied with intensity $I$, shaking up each cell in such a way, we assume, that the escape rate changes according to
\begin{equation}\label{stim}
\xi(\ve) \;\stackrel{\text{stimulus}}{\longrightarrow} \;\xi(\ve,I) = \xi(\ve) + b(I)
\end{equation}
for  excess parameter $b= b(I)$ growing with $I$.  We have not specified the mechanism, we only assumed that the stimulus modified  the escape rate $\xi(\ve)$, suggesting that on average the dynamical activity of the charges has increased.  See Fig.~\ref{tube}  for a cartoon.

We interpret the change in the current as the perceived stimulus:
\begin{equation}\label{vel}
I_p = \langle v\rangle_\ve^I - \langle v\rangle_\ve = L\,\,b(I) - L\,\xi(\ve=\infty)
\end{equation}
for large driving $\ve\uparrow \infty$.  The point here is that the extra reactivity $b(I)$ decides the displacement in current, $I_p \propto b(I)$ when $\xi(\ve=\infty) \simeq 0$.   Looking ahead to Section \ref{webr}: when the excess in escape rate is logarithmic in the stimulus strength $I$, $b(I)\sim \log I$, from \eqref{vel} we get Weber-Fechner phenomenology $I_p\sim \log I + \text{constant}$.

\subsection{Active model}\label{spinsa}
Imagine next  motion on the circle $S^1$ characterized by an angle $\theta_t \in [0,2\pi]$ and coupled to $N$ bits $\eta_t(i) = 0, 1$.  The angle-coordinate follows the overdamped equation
\begin{equation}\label{act}
\dot \theta_t = -U'(\theta_t) -u'(\theta_t)\,\left(\eta_t(1) +\ldots+\eta_t(N)\right)
\end{equation}
for energy functions $U$ and $u$, where we ignore thermal noise and put the mobility to one (per second).  The energies
are defined in units of $k_BT$ for fixed environment temperature $T$.  The idea is that the angular velocity represents the perceived stimulus $I_p$ and the bit-dynamics is a spacetime conversion of the actual stimulus $I$.   Whenever some $\eta_t(i)=1$ an extra push is given to the angle.  Each bit $\eta_t(i)$ independently flips $0 \stackrel{\ell,r}{\longleftrightarrow} 1$ over two possible channels, left ($\ell$) and right ($r$),  with transition rates that depend on the angle,
\begin{align}
k_{\ell}(0,1) &= a_{\ell}(\theta)\,e^{-\frac{1}{2}[u(\theta) +\ve]},\quad k_{r}(0,1) = a\,e^{-\frac{1}{2}[u(\theta) - \ve]}\label{act1}
\\
k_{\ell}(1,0) &= a_{\ell}(\theta)\,e^{\frac{1}{2}[u(\theta) +\ve]},\quad k_{r}(1,0) = a\,e^{\frac{1}{2}[u(\theta) - \ve]}
\nonumber
\end{align}
For consistency, we use the same interaction energy $u(\theta) \eta(i)$ in \eqref{act} as in \eqref{act1}. The nonequilibrium is parametrized by the parameter
$\ve>0$ which breaks the left/right symmetry.  For large $\ve$ a bit gets typically loaded $0\rightarrow 1$ from the right channel, and typically decharges (``fires'') via the left channel.  There it gets coupled with the angle-coordinate via the (average) rate $a_\ell$.  In that way, the initial (digitalized) signal gets transduced ``from the right'' to the more macroscopic variable $\theta$ ``to the left,'' see the representation in Fig.~\ref{fig2}.

\begin{figure}[!h]
	\centering
	\includegraphics[width=0.65\textwidth]{activefig.pdf}
	\caption{Firing bits $\eta_t(i)$ coupled to angle variable $\theta_t$ via potential $u$.  The nonequilibrium is fixed by parameter $\ve$, allowing the extra activity $a\rightarrow a_\ell =a(1 + \lambda\,b\, \cos\theta)$ to create angular flux.  Figure courtesy of Tirthankar Banerjee.}
	\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

 For the average firing rate we choose $a_\ell(\theta) = a(1 + \lambda\,b\, \cos\theta)>0$ with reference frequency $a$, excess $b>0$ and small dimensionless coupling $\lambda\geq 0$ with $\lambda b<1$.    Again we think of $b=b(I)$ as a coding of stimulus $I$.  The equations \eqref{act}--\eqref{act1} define the active dynamics with $\eta_t(i)$ playing the role of dichotomous noise as in the telegraph equation or for run-and-tumble particles; see \cite{nong}.\\
Assuming that the bit relaxes almost instantaneously on the time-scale of the angle-coordinate (large $a$), the dynamics in \eqref{act} becomes $\dot \theta_t = f(\theta_t);  f(\theta) := -U'(\theta)- Nu'(\theta) \rho_\theta(1)$ where $\rho_\theta(1)$ is the stationary probability that the bit is loaded ($\eta(i)=1$).
We easily deduce it from \eqref{act1},
\[
\rho_\theta(1) = \frac 1{1+  e^{u(\theta)}(1 + \lambda\,b\, \cos\theta)}
\]
in the limit of large $\ve$ \cite{nong}.  For $b=0$ the force $f(\theta)= -V'(\theta)$ is derivable from a potential $V$; there can be no angular current then. On the other hand, for large $b$, a loaded bit fires almost instantly along the left channel. The rotational part of the quasistatic force $f$ is its circle integral
\[
F(b) = -\oint \textrm{d} \theta\,\frac{Nu'(\theta)} {1+  e^{u(\theta)}(1 + \lambda\,b\, \cos\theta)}
\]
which is essentially linear in $b$ for weak coupling $\lambda$,
\[
F(b) = K\, b, \qquad K :=\frac{\lambda N}{2} \oint \textrm{d} \theta\,\sin\theta\,\tanh (u(\theta)/2)
\]
As a consequence, whenever $K\neq 0$ and for $b>b_0$, we have many choices of reference potential $U$ so that $f(\theta) > kb$ for some $k>0$ and there appears an angular current (i.e., perceived output) which is proportional to $b$, meaning that the perceived stimulus $I_p\propto b(I)$.
The $b_0$ corresponds to the just-noticeable-difference in Weber's law.   That is the analogue of \eqref{vel}.  The only remaining assumption to obtain Weber-Fechner behavior is again to assume that $b \propto \log I$ in a range of stimuli $I$.

\section{General argument}\label{nonr}
The wonderful universality of the Weber-Fechner laws begs for a principled answer as to why they hold.  As announced from the above models, there are two main ingredients.\\

One, to be discussed next under subsection \ref{kex}, is the understanding how a noticeable displacement is achieved from and is proportional to the change in reactivity.  The conceptual framework is found in response theory around nonequilibria.
Stimuli are understood as perturbing a stationary condition of an open possibly far-from-equilibrium system.  Even while fixing the thermodynamic (mostly electrochemical) force, kinetics may change.   We interpret the strength of the resulting displacement, when exceeding some threshold, to be the {\it perceived} stimulus.  In the previous section, in the passive model $I_p$ was the displacement in current; in the active model $I_p$ was the induced angular velocity.  The relation between perceived stimulus and actual stimulus, the central topic of the Weber-Fechner laws, thus gets formulated as a subject in response theory.\\

The second ingredient, to be discussed under subsection \ref{webr}
is the quantitative identification of excess reactivity with the logarithm of the actual stimulus. We argue there that the excess reactivity is proportional to the logarithm of the actual stimulus, giving two arguments --- one using biased diffusion as decision model and one based on the naturalness of logarithmic conversion from analogue to digital signaling. These two arguments do not share the rigor of the next section (first ingredient) and corrections such as in Stevens' law are perfectly compatible and possible.

\subsection{Kinetic excess}\label{kex}
The models in the previous section are explicit because they are simple.  Yet they are on target for the dependence on kinetics.   At high driving ($\ve\gg 1$), the reactivities gain centerstage.   That dependence on kinetics (motility, trapping configurations,...) is a typical nonequilibrium feature, which is both source of difficulties and of richness, \cite{fren,springer,mar,maarten}. The main point is that the response formul{\ae} not only feature the dissipation caused by the stimulus, but also correlate with the excess dynamical activity, called the frenetic contribution; see \cite{resp,urna,fren,maarten}.  The usual McLennan-Zubarev ensembles describing close-to-equilibrium physics do not suffice for that purpose; far from nonequilibrium, displacements and differential susceptibilities are determined by (changes in) the time-symmetric dynamical activity.  That also makes the main point of the paper: the actual stimulus is encoded as excess dynamical activity in a nonequilibrium system, causing extra displacement which is read as the perceived stimulus.\\

The argument is presented with some technical details.  To be specific, and keeping the context of neuronal activity we consider a general Markov jump process wih states $x,y,\ldots$ and transition rates
\begin{equation}\label{rara}
k(x,y) = a(x,y) \,e^{\sigma(x,y)},\qquad a(x,y)=a(y,x),\;\; \sigma(x,y)=-\sigma(y,x)
\end{equation}
for the jump $x\rightarrow y$.  We call the symmetric prefactors $a(x,y)$ reactivities, obviously related to escape rates and reaction times.  In the exponential we place antisymmetric $\sigma(x,y)$ which quanitify the nonequilibrium aspect; they are not given from a difference $\sigma_\text{eq}(x,y) = V(x) - V(y)$ in some state function $V$.  The absence of such a potential $V$ means that the condition of detailed balance is violated.  We do not specify the origin of that breaking and many examples may be considered.  Yet, the breaking of detailed balance is crucial for the role of the reactivities.  The main question is now --- Suppose we have such a nonequilibrium system which is perturbed by changing its reaction rates:  how can that affect or generate currents?  \\

Consider an observable $F(\omega)$ which depends on the random trajectory $\omega = (x_s, 0\leq s\leq t)$ in time-window $[0,t]$.  Every such $\omega$ consists of jumps separated by quiescent periods.  We take the $F(\omega)$ to be time-extensive and antisymmetric under time-reversal as befits time-integrated particle or energy currents.  We call $F$ a displacement.  We look at expectations, taking the mean over many such processes \eqref{rara}.  Without loss of generality we suppose that $\langle F\rangle=0$ in the stationary nonequilibrium condition.  The question is to see how that expectation changes when we modify the reactivity, say $a(x,y) \rightarrow a(x,y)(1+ \lambda\,b(x,y))$, where the $b(x,y)=b(y,x)$ is seen as the perturbation.  The answer from nonequilibrium response theory \cite{resp} is that  we get a (new) expected displacement $\langle F\rangle_b$, to linear order in $\lambda$, equal to
\begin{equation}\label{respl}
\langle F\rangle_b = -\lambda\, \langle D(\omega)\,F(\omega)\rangle
\end{equation}
in terms of the unperturbed expectation $\langle \cdot\rangle$, correlating the discplacement with $D(\omega)$,  the frenesy given by
\begin{equation}\label{sumd}
D(\omega) = \int_0^t\textrm{d} s \, \sum_ya(x_s,y)b(x_s,y)e^{\sigma(x_s,y)} - \sum_{s} b(x_{s^-},x_{s})
\end{equation}
where the last sum is over the jump times in $\omega$.  The point is already visible: the response is proportional to the excess or additional reactivity.  That would not be true in the case of detailed balance; then, around equilibrium $\langle \cdot\rangle =\langle \cdot\rangle_\text{eq}$ we have $\langle D(\omega)\,F(\omega)\rangle_\text{eq} =0$ by time-reversal invariance since $D$ is time-symmetric.  Secondly, the response relation \eqref{respl} decisively uses that the antisymmetric factors $\sigma(x,y)$ have not been modified.  We refer to \cite{resp,fren,springer} for more details.  Taking the situation far from equilibrium as parametrized by $\sigma(x,y) =\ve \,v(x,y)$ with $\ve\uparrow \infty$, we only retain in the first sum \eqref{sumd} the transitions $x\rightarrow y$ for which $\sigma(x,y) >0$.  Moreover, to allow for saturation of the mean displacement $\langle F\rangle_b$ as  $\ve\uparrow \infty$, we are ready to take $a(x,y)$ to depend on $\ve$ so that $a(x,y)\, \exp \ve v(x,y)\rightarrow a$ whenever $v(x,y)\geq 0$.  We conclude that the far-from-equilibrium response \eqref{respl} gives
\begin{equation}\label{perc}
\langle F \rangle_b = -\lambda\, \langle B(\omega)\,F(\omega)\rangle
\end{equation}
where
\[
B(\omega) :=a\int_0^t\textrm{d} s \, \sum_{y: \sigma(x_s,y)>0} b(x_s,y) - \sum_{s} b(x_s,x_{s^+})
\]
is  proportional to the excess reactivity.  In the simplest scenario, the reaction channels do not change under the applied stimulus $I$ and we simply put $b(x,y) = b(I) >0$ constant, yielding
\[
B(\omega) = \big[a \int_0^t n_s - N_t\big]\,b(I)
\]
for $n_s$ the number of available $y$ where $\sigma(x_s,y)>0$ and $N_t$ the total number of jumps in $\omega$.  In all, we get
\begin{equation}\label{perc}
f_b= K\,b(I), \qquad K := \lambda\, \lim_t \frac 1{t}\langle [N_t-a \int_0^t n_s ]\,F(\omega)\rangle
\end{equation}
for the expected flux $f_b := \lim_t \langle F\rangle_b/t$  under a change in reactivity $b$.  The $f_b$ can be directly identified with the perceived stimulus $I_p$ or we can still use that $f_b$ to create an angular velocity which is then taken as $I_p$. For example in a dynamics for an angle $\theta \in [0,2\pi]$  of the form
\begin{equation}\label{cr}
\dot\theta = -U'(\theta) + f_b,\quad I_p =\left[ \oint \frac1{ -U'(\theta) + f_b} \textrm{d} \theta\right]^{-1}\propto b(I)
\end{equation}
the $f_b$ functions as a force.
Clearly, the rotational force $f_b$ causes a current $I_p$ for $b$ large enough, to overcome a possible barrier imposed by potential $U$.  That defines the just-noticeable excess $b_0$, as we interpret the emerging current or velocity as the perceived stimulus.
The choice of dynamics \eqref{cr} is not the most general one, nor does it share neurobiological complexity.  Yet, details or variations on the same theme do not affect the general conclusions.

\subsection{The logarithm}\label{webr}
Stimulus starts by currents being injected into the dendritic tree and being transformed into a train of spikes.  That response of a neuron to synaptic input is not the main subject of the present paper but must be considered to complete the argument.\\
 The states $x$ in the Markov process \eqref{rara} represent a large number of chemomechanical configurations possibly involving many interacting components.
Reaction rates for neurons are indeed the result of multi-level activities as they involve stimulus processing, decision making, and response programming. It often involves cognitive aspects as well. Information flow within an organism is of course a complicated issue.  Nevertheless, gaining simplicity from our mathematical modeling, it is not unreasonable to locate the dependence of reaction times in the symmetric prefactor (reactivity) $a(x,y)$ of the transition rates.  How then does spiking or the firing rates depend on the magnitude of the stimulus?\\

Clearly, the question belongs to the field of neural coding, where one possible approach is called rate coding.  In many cases and over various regimes, as the intensity of a stimulus increases, the frequency of ``spike firing'' increases.
In other words, there is good experimental evidence that reaction times decrease with the magnitude of the stimulus; see e.g. \cite{neuro,nis}. Whether there is a logarithmic dependence is however a more subtle and detailed issue.   For the optimality of the logarithmic scale from the point of view of evolution of the cognitive apparatus, see e.g. \cite{port}.   It is in general agreed that  the  distribution  of  spike rates  within  any  neural  tissue  follows  a  lognormal  distribution, whether at rest or when stimulated; see \cite{schel}.  However, each individual neuron is rather stable in its firing rate, and variability  in  mean  spike  rate  is to be understood over  the  whole population.   Neurons spike with 5–10fold different mean rates which increases the dynamic range of a neuronal population.
 Therefore, logarithmic dependence of firing rates on stimulus strength should be seen in the ensemble sense.
 We give two rather general theoretical arguments for the dependence $b(I) \sim \log I$ of the mean excess reactivity $b$ on the stimulus $I$.\\

We start with heuristics belonging to a diffusion model for reactivities.\\
A widely-used model for estimating reaction times is to have a decision variable $X_t$ to undergo biased diffusion in the interval $[-1,1]$; see for example Section 10 in \cite{rat}.
 The time to reach the upper boundary (if at all) gives the reaction time.  Here again we can use statistical mechanics as the question relates to first-passage problems.   More specifically we look at splitting probabilities representing reactivities and we know that those probabilities vary linearly in the bias.  See e.g.~Eq.~2.2.11 in  \cite{red} where the bias is represented by the initial position $X_0$ and the splitting probability varies linearly in the relative distance between $X_0$ and the boundary.  Similarly, when the bias is represented as the gradient $\nabla \mu$ of a chemical potential, the reaction time is linear in $\nabla \mu$.  In all events, the linearity implies that the question becomes how the bias (hence the excess reactivity $b(I)$) in that diffusion process should depend on the stimulus $I$.\\
 Continuing the diffusion analogy and language where the bias represents the gradient in chemical potential, we think of the stimulus $I$ as the extra density which causes the gradient. In other words, the stimulus $I$ corresponds to an extra density or pressure at one end of the gas tube, where the bias $b$ making the asymmetry is a gradient in chemical potential.  Similarly, the initial position $X_0$ represents the difference in chemical potential between the two ends of the interval causing a drift.  The conclusion mimics therefore the logaritmic dependence of chemical potential on density or pressure in a free gas. Driving in irreversible thermodynamics is achieved from gradients in chemical potential which vary logarithmically with the density (stimulus).\\

Secondly and as prime statistical argument, we consider the conversion of an analogue signal (stimulus) into a digital one (neuronal activity).  A stimulus of strength $I$ is causing neurons in a certain region to fire more often per unit time.  There is no change in nonequilibrium driving, that remains provided by biochemical engines such as the hydrolysis of ATP. Firing encodes the stimulus, and the stimulus selects the neuronal activity.  Clearly, storing information of a signal with strength $I$ requires $\log I$ binary signals, to be divided over neurons and their firing rate.  In that way, the spacetime activity is of (binary nature) of order $\log I$.  In the end and similar to the logarithm defining Boltzmann's entropy, $\log I$ is the number of bit-variables over spacetime for representing the stimulus $I$.  As the spatial region for neuronal action is limited, the storage happens extensively in the temporal domain, by increasing the firing rate in proportion with $\log I$.\\

\subsection{Limitations}\label{lims}
We summarize the main line of reasoning.  The Weber-Fechner laws can be stated in the framework of response theory around nonequilibrium. It is assumed that a stimulus $I$ only affects the frenetic component, i.e., causing an excess $b(I)$ in the time-symmetric dynamical activity or reactivities. Far-from-equilibrium response theory shows that the induced displacement or current is proportional to that excess frenesy $b(I)$.  We identify that displacement with the perceived stimulus $I_p$.  If the stimulus strength $I$ is converted into neuronal activity by shifting the mean reactivity by order $b(I) \sim \log I$, then the above suffices for arguing Fechner's law, and so follows Weber's law.\\

We mention some limitations of the above reasonings.  First, we have assumed thoughout that the coupling between the applied stimulus and the reaction rate is sufficiently small. That was evidenced from the small coupling $\lambda$ and the application of linear response.  That obviously also limits from above the value of $b$ and hence it bounds the allowed $\log I$ from above: we cannot expect to find Weber-Fechner behavior for very large values of $\log I$ (but $I$ itself can be relatively big). Secondly, we have not only assumed conditions which break the fluctuation-dissipaton relation (which is needed) but we have for simplicity taken far-from-equilibrium reference conditions.  That is probably not necessary but it will correct the strict linearity of the response $f_b$ in the excess reactivities $b$. In the same way, we assumed that the dynamics of the collective coordinate (the angle $\theta$) through which the stimulus becomes perceived, is not noisy.  That zero-temperaure condition is again not truly needed but corrections will of course occur, be it small ones.  Finally, while the upshot of much experimental work on reactivity in neuronal networks is compatible with the hypothesis that the stimulus causes an excess in reaction rate which scales logarithmically in the actual stimulus, $b \propto \log I$, there is also evidence of power law behavior.  Then, the function $b(I)$ scales with some power of $I$ in certain regimes, obviously and straightforwardly modifying the Weber-Fechner laws in the direction of e.g. Stevens' law, \cite{stevr,rev}.  Moreover, the increase in neuronal firing rate (e.g. by reducing the membrane time constant when modeled as capacitance) is obviously not unlimited; for very high synaptic input, firing rates tend to decrease again (e.g. by shunting membrane potential fluctuations).

\section{Conclusions}
  With the advent of nonequilibrium fluctuation theory, new avenues have been opened to solving problems and understanding phenomena of biophysics and psychophysics. Part of that is nonequilibrium response theory that we use in this paper as framework for discussing the Weber-Fechner laws. The central observation is that the dependence of reactivities on the actual stimulus decides the response when the system is far enough from equilibrium.  Weber-Fechner phenomenology then follows from two hypotheses (1) that the perceived stimulus is a displacement (or current) in response to changes in neuronal activity, (2) that mean excess in the addressed ensemble of neuronal reactivities scales with the logarithm of the actual stimulus.  Corrections to (2) such as a power-law dependence of reactivity on stimulus lead to Stevens' law.\\

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Winnipeg Oral Pathologist Dr. John Perry earned his D.M.D. degree from the University of Manitoba in 1976. After four years in private dental practice, Dr. Perry undertook graduate studies in oral pathology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1982 he joined the faculty of the University of Manitoba in a part-time capacity while completing a MSc. in the Department of Immunology in the University's Faculty of Medicine.
Since 1985, as an Associate Professor in the Department of Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Dr. Perry has instructed in the undergraduate and graduate dental and undergraduate dental hygiene programs in the disciplines of oral pathology and oral radiology. Dr. Perry is a Fellow of the American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and a Fellow of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada.


Sometimes my closet overwhelms me.
It's organized by color, style, and season with shoes in boxes and pictures of each displayed neatly on the outside. I have my accessories accessibly hanging cleanly and my sweaters folded like a department store on the shelves (for my favorite closet organizing tips visit here). And still, I stare at a closet full of clothes and get that feeling that I have nothing to wear.
It can be attributed to the old adage "less is more". Since having a baby seven weeks ago (hence my long blog hiatus), there is a lot less in my closet I currently wear- and it is rather refreshing. I find that I am much more resourceful and rely on accessories to bring the same few rotating pieces of clothing to life. In fact, it inspired me to take a second look at my closet and be truthful with myself to purge what I really don't wear. Four giveaway bags later, I could feel the closet anxiety lifting.
So what pieces made the cut? I know you are on the edge of your seat in anticipation.
Harem Pants– They are as comfy as sweats (really! My postpartum body says so) but can be as sophisticated as work attire. I love these ones by Michael Lauren. The floral print is right on trend and make the rest of the outfit easy- just pair with a white tee. Plus, all his pieces are made in Los Angeles.
Substantial Basics– I've tried doing the cheap basic thing, it doesn't work. It is important to invest a couple financial steps above Target quality for those plain tees (remember- price per wear, friends!). I recently tried about 10 different tees in search of the perfect one and I found it in this Splendid style. The neckline is almost all I could ask for: just low enough to show a little skin but I won't get cited for indecent exposure. And the body of the shirt is roomy but doesn't make it look like there was a baby left in my belly.
Flash Lens Aviators– These eye-catching (har har) shades will stop anyone in their tracks.
Cut Off Shorts– A must for summer. These bad boys go with everything- from a bikini top to a sweater for those marine layer days and cool nights. This Joe's Jeans pair is a versatile wash and is on sale- winning!
What are some of your closet staples for this summer?
This entry was posted in On Trend and tagged cutoff shorts, espadrilles, fashion, FASHION BLOG, fashion blogger, gap, harem pants, natalie's style nook, nordstrom, ootd, Outfit of the Day, personal wardrobe consultant, ray ban, splendid, STYLE, style blogger, summer fashion. Bookmark the permalink.
Thanks, I hope to make them a bit more regular!
My staple so far is my Level 99 jean skirt. I guess it's an old woman's cut-offs. Great blog entry!
That sounds like a great staple!
Hi Kate! Thanks for stopping by. I'll be sure to check out your blog too!


text:
Q: How can I fix this? " HEAP CORRUPTION DETECTED after normal block.. CRT detected that the application wrote to memory after end of heap buffer " I had a program working good (without prompting errors) using references, but I decided to use a pointer-to-pointer array allocated on virtual memory, because I can use a variable as the size of the array.
The error prompts when I break the while (m_Window.isOpen()) loop, in other words when I close the game window and the game is finished. I have noticed that the program breaks when I try to erase the virtual memory in the Engine::cleanVirtualMemory() function. I have noticed that it is there because I have put two flags (cout << "running1" << endl; and cout << "running2" << endl) and I can show just the first flag.
Then it prompts a window with the following message:

HEAP CORRUPTION DETECTED after normal block.. CRT detected that the application wrote to memory after end of heap buffer

main.cpp
#include "Engine.h"
using namespace sf;

int main(){

    Engine Motor;
    Motor.run();
    Motor.cleanVirtualMemory();
}

Engine.h
#pragma once
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include "StructureBuilder.h"

using namespace sf;
using namespace std;

class Engine{
private:

    // Lots of variables ....
    Vector2i m_ArenaSize;
    Vector2f * vectorStructureArray = new Vector2f[m_ArenaSize.y * m_ArenaSize.x * 4];
    int** logicStructureArray = new int*[m_ArenaSize.y];
    // Lots of variables ....

    //Gameloop
    void Input();
    void Update(dtAsSeconds);
    void Draw();

public:

    Engine();
    void run();
    void cleanVirtualMemory();

};

Engine.cpp
#include "Engine.h"
#include <iostream>

using namespace sf;

Engine::Engine() {

/// lots of variables and data ...

/// Making arena
m_ArenaSize = Vector2i(10, 10);
StructureBuilder(arenaStructures, vectorStructureArray, logicStructureArray,  m_ArenaSize);
}

void Engine::run() {

//Timing
Clock clock;
while (m_Window.isOpen()) {

    // Each time clock restarted, dt = time elapse (from 0 to now, then clock = 0)
    Time dt = clock.restart();

    // Convert time elapse to seconds
    double dtAsSeconds = dt.asSeconds();

    //  Call each part of the game in turn
    Input();
    Update(dtAsSeconds);
    Draw();
    }
}

void Engine::cleanVirtualMemory() {
    // Deallocate Virtual Memory

    // first flag
    cout << "running1" << endl;

    for (int i = m_ArenaSize.x - 1; i > -1; i--) {
        delete[] logicStructureArray[i];
    }
    delete[] logicStructureArray;
    logicStructureArray = NULL;
    delete[] vectorStructureArray;
    vectorStructureArray = NULL;

   // second flag
   cout << "running2" << endl;
}

StructureBuilder.h
#pragma once
#include <SFML/Graphics.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>

using namespace sf;
using namespace std;

Vector2i StructureBuilder(VertexArray& rVA, Vector2f* rA, int** rLA, Vector2i ArenaSize);

In the following code, you can see where I use pointers, I have erased code just to simplify.
StructureBuilder.cpp
#include "StructureBuilder.h"

Vector2i StructureBuilder(VertexArray& rVA, Vector2f* rA, int** rLA, Vector2i ArenaSize) {

    //Set map properties and VertexArrayType
    double tileSize = 100;
    double Height = ArenaSize.y * tileSize;
    double angle = 30;
    int offset = 0;
    int Primitive = 4;
    int currentVertex = 0;

    rVA.setPrimitiveType(Quads);
    rVA.resize(ArenaSize.x * ArenaSize.y * 4);

    // First build graphically our map structures's using char strings
    string stringArray[10];
    stringArray[0] = "1000000000";
    stringArray[1] = "0000000000";
    stringArray[2] = "0000010000";
    stringArray[3] = "0000000000";
    stringArray[4] = "0000000000";
    stringArray[5] = "0000000000";
    stringArray[6] = "0000000000";
    stringArray[7] = "0000000000";
    stringArray[8] = "0000000000";
    stringArray[9] = "0000000000";

    // Convert stringArray to charArray, finally charArray to intArray
    char** charArray = new char*[ArenaSize.y];

    Vector2f Vector1;
    Vector2f Vector2;
    Vector2f Vector3;
    Vector2f Vector4;

    for (int i = 0; i < ArenaSize.x; i++) {
       charArray[i] = new char[ArenaSize.x];
       rLA[i] = new int[ArenaSize.x];

    }

    for (int i = 0; i < ArenaSize.x; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < ArenaSize.y; j++) {
            charArray[j][i] = stringArray[j][i];
            rLA[j][i] = charArray[j][i] - 48;

            // Check when we have a value greater or equal to 1, if yes build a structure.
            if (rLA[j][i] == 1) {

                Vector1 = Vector2f(Value..., Value...);// in order to understand I dont put the whole calculation here
                Vector2 = Vector2f(Value..., Value ...); // is just trigonometry to find vertex
                Vector3 = Vector2f(Value..., Value ...);
                Vector4 = Vector2f(Value..., Value ...);

                rVA[currentVertex + 0].position = Vector1;
                rVA[currentVertex + 1].position = Vector2;
                rVA[currentVertex + 2].position = Vector3;
                rVA[currentVertex + 3].position = Vector4;

                rVA[currentVertex + 0].texCoords = Vector2f(42, 0); // coords on my spritesheet
                rVA[currentVertex + 1].texCoords = Vector2f(86, 24);
                rVA[currentVertex + 2].texCoords = Vector2f(42, 49);
                rVA[currentVertex + 3].texCoords = Vector2f(0, 24);

                rA[currentVertex + 0] = Vector1; //Later I use this to tell the program where to construct restrictions (where the player can't move)
                rA[currentVertex + 1] = Vector2;
                rA[currentVertex + 2] = Vector3;
                rA[currentVertex + 3] = Vector4;
            }

            currentVertex = currentVertex + Primitive;
        }
    }

    // Deallocate Virtual Memory
    for (int i = ArenaSize.x - 1; i > -1; i--) {
        delete[] charArray[i];
    }
    delete[] charArray;
    charArray = NULL;

    return ArenaSize;
}

A: Let's take a look at the declaration of the Engine class.
class Engine{
private:

    // Lots of variables ....
    Vector2i m_ArenaSize;
    Vector2f * vectorStructureArray = new Vector2f[m_ArenaSize.y * m_ArenaSize.x * 4];

The first member of your Engine class is called m_ArenaSize. This is the first class member that will get constructed when an Engine gets constructed. That's how object construction works in C++: when a new object gets constructed, all of the new object's members get constructed in declaration order.
The second member of your Engine class is this vectorStructureArray pointer. It will be allocated to point to an array, with dynamic size, that gets newed using two of the constructed m_ArenaSize's own members, x and y.
And now, let's take a look at Engine's constructor:
Engine::Engine() {

All right. That's your constructor. So, according to our plan, m_ArenaSize is going to get default-constructed since it is not explicitly constructed, in Engine's constructor's initialization section (there is none, here). If you investigate what m_ArenaSize's default constructor does you will discover that it defaults x and y to 0.
And that's what's going to construct the vectorStructureArray pointer, as the 2nd order of business of Engine's default initialization. And, because its x and y are 0, the pointer will point to a grand total of 0 values.
m_ArenaSize = Vector2i(10, 10);

And only now the default-constructed m_ArenaSize gets replaced with a different subject, with different x and y values. The shown code clearly expects the pointer to get reallocated, to reflect m_ArenaSize's new x and y values,. However C++ does not work this way. vectorStructureArray has already been constructed. It's not going to get constructed again simply because a different class member gets replaced. Subsequent code's assumption is the new x and y values, and this results in fairly obvious memory corruption.
The same exact bug occurs with logicStructureArray, too.
These are just the first two major bugs in the shown code regarding memory allocation. There are several ways to fix them, but the easiest way to fix bugs is to make it logically impossible for them to happen in the first place. It is logically impossible for new and delete-related bugs to occur if they are never used. Modern C++ code rarely uses new and delete, but rather employs the services of the C++ library's many containers.
Here, both pointers can be simply replaced by std::vector, with its resize() member taking care of allocating both vectors' sizes. And, as extra bonus, all allocated memory gets automatically freed, automatically preventing all memory leaks.
Replacing all the error-prone new and delete logic with std::vector will fix all memory-related issues in the shown code, the only thing you will have to make sure is that the vectors are correctly resize()d.


text:
Showtime's Halo TV Series Could Include Location, Story, and Ethnicity Changes
by Liana Ruppert April 11, 2019
Liana Ruppert April 11, 2019
With Black Mirror director Otto Bathurst at the helm for the upcoming Showtime Halo TV series, it looks like the show that has seen quite a few setbacks since it was first announced is finally ready to get the ball rolling. From changing hands, to differences in creative perspective, the Halo Showtime series has been a rocky road thus far. Luckily for fans of the Xbox franchise, new details have surfaced about the upcoming show detailing what we might be able to expect coming down the pipeline.
During a recent panel at Reboot Develop, the studio behind Halo talked a little bit about the upcoming show. 343 Industries executive producer Kiki Wolfkill opened up about the series saying that the Showtime crew is respecting the canon franchise gamers know and love, though fans should brace for a few key changes. At the end of the day, she mentioned, that they need to do what makes sense in a series format, and that might require a few adjustments.
One aspect that Wolfkill mentioned is Master Chief in particular. We never saw his face, technically, in the games and she added that this level of mystery doesn't necessarily work in a TV show. She jokingly added that having a mask on during shower scenes might be a little weird, so fans of the games should brace to actually see a face belonging to a legend, and that this face might not match up to gamer expectations through the years.
She added, "We may shift dates, locations, or enthnicity of characters" and while they know they can't please everyone, they're going to do all they can to honor the fanbase and what this franchise means to the gaming community.
H/T VG247


text:
August 30, 2011 Adele Dubois
It's All About Fantasy by Adele Dubois
My road to writing girl on girl stories started in 2006 with my first erotic romance novel. Though my story hero and heroine were monogamous and straight, the secondary female characters were bi-sexual and experimental. I took a walk on the wild side with those characters and included some fun, highly graphic, female/female sex scenes. The scenes made sense, since they fit nicely with the plot and the character profiles.
They also got me an automatic rejection from my favorite publisher.
The rules for submission excluded girl on girl sex. Male/male was acceptable, but female/female wouldn't fly with the largely female, hetero audience, they said. I was astounded by this double standard, but had to live with it if I wanted to get ahead in the mainstream marketplace.
Fortunately, my debut novel sold to my other favorite publishing house. The story received outstanding four and 4.5 star reviews and sales were brisk. No one said they had a problem with the bi-sexual characters or lesbian sex scenes.
By the time the contract on that book expired, I had broken into my first choice of publishing houses with other stories. However, I still hadn't learned my lesson. Since I saw nothing wrong with a little girl on girl action, my second book contained a brief scene involving light female touching. There was no kissing or sex involved. One secondary character merely touched another in a suggestive way.
My publisher let that small rule infraction go. However, an advisory was posted to the published story, warning readers about the female/female interaction. Though reviewers loved the book, it didn't sell. I'm convinced the advisory killed sales.
If I wanted to survive in the mainstream erotic romance industry, I learned I had to toe the line. My third book contained strictly heterosexual sex scenes and remains one of my top sellers. I also revised my first novel, for which I'd gotten the rights back, and resubmitted it to my publisher under a new title, without the female/female sex.
The book sold just as well as it had the first time, though the reviews were better. The reissued story garnered Top Pick and five stars with the strictly hetero cast of characters. Same book minus F/F sex. The message was clear.
Time has relaxed the taboo against female/female stories in the mainstream small press, but only a little. As a heterosexual woman, married and monogamous for twenty-five years, I hope reader resistance fades. Fiction has many more places to explore.
My newest release, REV ME TWICE, includes a female/female sex scene and a group sex scene with so many permutations, I felt sure I'd get into trouble. Surprisingly, I didn't. Instead of an advisory about the F/F sex, on the sales page my publisher called my bi-sexual heroine, "…the adventurous sort of modern woman who explores her sexuality." Maybe readers and my publisher have gotten used to my fondness for mixing things up. They say they love the book. I'm told, "It's different." Considering the saturation of the erotic romance marketplace, that's quite a compliment.
When the opportunity to submit to GIRLS WHO BITE came around, I felt more comfortable writing about duel heroines than I did vampires. After all, I'd been stubbornly including bi-sexual and lesbian characters in my books for five years. I can say with all honesty that writing "The Crystal Altar" was the most fun I've ever had creating a short story. Fantasy makes anything possible.
GIRLS WHO BITE is a groundbreaking anthology. Its authors hope that all women will love the variety of stories. Gay or straight, we have our strength, courage, and indomitable spirits in common.
THE CRYSTAL ALTAR by Adele Dubois
An ancient crystalline cavern becomes the setting for a most unusual birthday party…
Morgan wrapped her arms around Rosa's waist and deepened the kiss. She touched her tongue to Rosa's, and then slid hers inside her lover's mouth.
Rosa sucked it in greedy little pulls. Then she licked and nipped Morgan's bottom lip before pressing her mouth again to hers.
It was the ultimate turn-on to be wanted.
She lowered her mouth to the pulse beating against Rosa's neck and sucked the spot with deep, hard tugs. Her teeth grazed the delicate skin and nipped until bruises formed. She swirled her tongue over the dappled plum marks and savored the taste of Rosa's sweet flesh as blood pooled just below the surface.
Rosa leaned away and touched her neck. Tiny lines formed between her eyebrows as her eyes flashed with uncertainty. "Why did you do that?"
Morgan cradled Rosa's breasts and lifted them higher, watching her hands squeeze and release. "I was marking you. I want to make sure the freaks at the party know you're taken."
Rosa laughed. "You're jealous? I worried you'd gone Goth on me, like your whacko cousin. She probably drinks blood for sport."
Morgan rolled her eyes. "Wouldn't surprise me. She likes to pretend she's a vampire. She and her entourage go to dungeon clubs in the city." Morgan inspected the love bite on Rosa's neck. "That looks kind of cool, though. I like it."
BUY Link: GIRLS WHO BITE!
http://www.amazon.com/Girls-Who-Bite-Lesbian-Vampire/dp/1573447153/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1297992341&sr=1-3
BUY Link: REV ME TWICE http://www.jasminejade.com/p-8865-rev-me-twice.aspx
Adele Dubois Website: www.adeledubois.com/
Friend Adele on Facebook! http://www.facebook.com/adele.dubois?ref=name
Follow Adele on Twitter! http://twitter.com/AdeleDubois
Adele Dubois
13 Days… Vivi Anna's Bloody Wicked!
10 thoughts on "14 Days"
I'm so glad publishers are more open to ff stories!! Kudos to you for pushing the envelope and opening the door for writers like me!
Hi Paisley!
You know I'm a fan of your work. ") You've definitely broken new ground with your all F/F stories. You're not afraid to be different, and I admire that. Best of luck!
~Adele
Marika Weber says:
Morning! I don't have a problem with f/f. Its not my thing but I would have to agree with the small mindness of publishers. They will publish extreme fetish, forced rape, lots of m/m. It is the old double standard in publishing.
That said, I'm very excited about this book. It has intrigued me from the start.
Congratulations and I can't wait to read it.
Hi Marika!
Nice to see you again. I remember you had nice things to say about REV ME TWICE on a couple of chat loops. Glad you enjoyed the book.
While I'll probably never forge a career as a F/F story author, I do like having a wide cast of characters in my books. Although I'm straight, I've included gay or bi characters in my stories because the characters reflect our real world. I've always been secure enough in my sexuality to experiment with my fictional characters.
Publishers will publish stories that sell. The resistence to F/F has not been with publishers, but with readers. It does boggle my mind that women will buy M/M, fetish, extreme kink, forced seduction (rape), etc. but are squeamish about F/F stories. Maybe it's a matter of familiarity. Maybe, too, GWB will pave the way for heterosexual readers.
elaing8 says:
A friend got me into reading F/F books.Some were good some not so much.But I think the main problem was they were so short.Like 10 to 15 pages.I really hope F/F books become more mainstream like M/M books.I hope this anthology will help with that 🙂
Adele thanks for sharing the excerpt,sounds really good.
Hi E!
So glad you enjoyed the excerpt. Thanks. I agree it will be nice if F/F enjoys the popularity of M/M erotic romance. Guess we'll have to wait and see.
although this is not the type of story i usually read i don't think that it is right that the publishing community should just ignore an entire section of the population and what they might prefer to read just because it might make someone else uncomfortable.
if you are uncomfortable then put the damn book down and don't read it, but don't think that give you the righ to be judgmental about someone elses prefrences in reading materials or anything else.
okay sorry for the sermon but this really irritates me every time. 🙂
Hi Tammy!
Ten or more years ago, erotic romance shocked the reading community with its graphic sexual depictions. It took only a few years for erotic romance to go mainstream, and now we find the subgenre available through numerous publishers. I'm guessing it will take time for F/F stories to go mainstream. Signs are that it's happening–in movies, TV, and publishing. It's a start.
I think that publishers are finally starting to catch on there that are markets out there they just have to find them.
I think you might be right. It should be interesting to see what happens over the next few years.


text:
junction
========

Use Node.js modules in Scala

##Usage

```scala
import org.killingbilling.junction.Require

val require = Require()

val big = require("big.js")
```


Significantly reduce the costs and risks associated with offshore wind resource assessment by using the industry's choice for floating wind campaigns – ZX 300M.
Deployed on 100% of buoy types commercially available.
Continuous Wave Lidar technology at the heart of ZX 300M is robust against motion-induced errors.
3 year warranty as standard, keeping your through-life costs to a minimum with no need to service or calibrate during this period – no other Lidar comes close.
Collecting wind data offshore can be prohibitively expensive with tall mast structures.
Floating Lidar has been used to collect data for the purpose of financing offshore wind farms.
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Godfrey Valentine Brooke Hine was killed in the First World War but his name is not commemorated on the Leigh War Memorial but on a window in Leigh Church. He was the son of William Egerton Hine (artist), grandson of landscape artist, Henry George Hine and his mother was Edith Louise M Hine (also an artist), the daughter of Agnes Heath; her sisters were Florence and Maud and the Heaths lived at The Woods. Godfrey was born at Reigate (bapt. 6 July 1890) and is shown as an art student in the 1911 census. We have a pastel picture done by Edith Hine ca. 1887/88 of Leigh Church and cottages: see under the Row/Great Boydens.
More about Godfrey Hine can be found separately. The claim below that the stained glass window in Leigh Church was made by William Nicholson and that Godfrey was a student of William Nicholson is incorrect; it was in fact done by Archibald K Nicholson who did in fact sign the work on the bottom right hand corner.