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florida star v bjf quizlet
The 1989 Supreme Court case of Florida Star v. B.J.F. Home » Cases » Florida Star v. As stated in Florida Star v. BJF, "[t]his was a woman who reported to the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office that she had been robbed and sexually assaulted. Citation22 Ill.488 U.S. 887, 109 S. Ct. 216, 102 L. Ed. Appellant, The Florida Star, is a newspaper which publishes a "Police Reports" section containing brief articles describing local criminal incidents under police investigation After appellee B.J.F. The court awarded Freedman compensatory and punitive damages. The Florida Star v. B.J.F. (Respondent) was a victim of a robbery and sexual assault that she reported to the police. Appellee filed a motion to dismiss on grounds the appeal was untimely. of Kiryas Joel Village School Dist. Police were in the wrong for sharing the information. And it was constitutional. On August 26, 1987, the Florida Star sought review in the United States Supreme Court. On September 26, 1984, Freedman sued both the Sheriff's Office and the newspaper for violating Florida's shield law, Stat. 491 U.S. 524 (1989) Basic Facts: The Florida Star newspaper identified a Florida woman as a robbery and sexual assault victim in the "Police Reports" section of the paper. State, 385 So. 2d 208 (1988) Brief Fact Summary. Newspaper wins because they did not break the law, the records were made public thus they can share that information. of Wisconsin System v. Southworth, Regan v. Taxation with Representation of Washington, National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley, Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans, West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette. The district court of appeal affirmed and the Supreme Court of Florida denied review. Florida Star (Petitioner) is a newspaper in Jacksonville that runs a section of "police reports" in its paper. Capitol Square Review & Advisory Board v. Pinette, Church of Lukumi Babalu Aye v. City of Hialeah, Watchtower Society v. Village of Stratton, Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Comm'n, Espinoza v. Montana Department of Revenue, Our Lady of Guadalupe School v. Morrissey-Berru. "[A] stranger's illegal conduct does not suffice to remove the First Amendment shield from speech about a matter of public concern." Community School Dist. reported to the Sheriff's Department (Department) that she had been robbed and sexually assaulted, the Department prepared a report, which identified B.J.F. Florida Star v. BJF ... v. And consider alternate means Term. On August 26, 1987, the Florida Star sought review in the United States Supreme Court. The Florida Star v. in the filings) was a woman who reported to the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office that she had been robbed and sexually assaulted. First, the law made no effort to punish any party who disseminated the name of a rape victim except an "instrument of mass communication" which the law did not define. Lamb's Chapel v. Center Moriches Union Free School Dist. v. Doyle. Tuition Org. 2005] PEOPLE V. BRYANT AND PRIOR RESTRAINT 321 importantly, through the Internet.5 Accordingly, the public can now access information contained in publicly filed documents from across the country without ever having stepped inside a courthouse.6 As a result of The initials B.J.F. B.J.F. is unconstitutional to the extent it makes the truthful reporting of information that was a matter of public record unlawful, as it violates the First Amendment, was lawfully obtained, can't punish publication of something already public. The Florida Star/The Georgia Star is a weekly newspaper serving the African-American communities in Jacksonville, Fla. and Brunswick, Ga., since 1951. Communist Party v. Subversive Activities Control Bd. Answer: No, In a 6-3 decision, the Supreme Court said Florida could not penalize the Star for publishing true information Florida Star v. B.J.F. The Court decided the facts in this case were not the same as those in Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn (1975), where a television station had obtained and reported the name of a rape victim from open court records, and the Supreme Court found the law there unconstitutional. The judgment in favor of Freedman was reversed and the newspaper was found not liable. The Florida Star v. Newspaper violated state law when it published name of a rape victim illegal for a publication to print a rape victim's name, List of United States Supreme Court cases, List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 491, List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court, List of United States Supreme Court cases involving the First Amendment, Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims, Board of Trustees of Scarsdale v. McCreary, American Legion v. American Humanist Ass'n, Walz v. Tax Comm'n of the City of New York, Board of Ed. The district court found Florida Star guilty of negligence under a Florida law that prohibits publishing the name of a victim of a sexual offense in any instrument of mass communication. The trial court denied the Star's motion to dismiss, which claimed, among other things, that imposing civil sanctions on the newspaper pursuant to § 794.03 violated the First Amendment. Home » Cases » Florida Star v. B.J.F., 509 So. Thus this court may accept jurisdiction under the opinion of The Florida Star v. BJF, 530 So.2d 286 (Fla. 1987) and/or Fla. R. App.P. Florida Star v. B.J.F. Roxy Van Ruiten It raised the question if states could punish newspapers for publishing true information obtained legally from the government's own records? B.J.F., 509 So.2d 1117 (Fla. 1987). State law made it illegal for a publication to print a rape victim's name, and the victim was awarded damages. Florida Star V Bjf - Florida Star v. B.J.F. 2d 208 (1988) Brief Fact Summary. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) 22-06-2012, 12:38; 1 401; 0 Comments; Florida Star is an important free press case reinforcing the principle that the press can rarely be punished for publishing truthful, lawfully acquired information about a matter of public importance. For more than thirty years, Mr. Rahdert's law practice has concentrated in the areas of the First Amendment and constitutional law, media law and communications, commercial litigation, probate and estate planning, and real estate law. United States Supreme Court. 2d 443 (1989). Supreme Court made it clear that allowing cameras … Florida Star v. In Florida Star v. BJF, the Supreme Court held that publication of a sexual assault victim's name was: Obtained from a report available in the police department press room. THE FLORIDA STAR v. B. J. F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) "Imposing liability on the Star does not serve "a need to further a state interest of the highest order." Citation22 Ill.488 U.S. 887, 109 S. Ct. 216, 102 L. Ed. Supreme Court of United States. Star v. B.J.F. The Globe identified the alleged victim in William Kennedy Smith rape trial. Second, the law basically punishes a newspaper which truthfully prints information which it had legitimately obtained from a government agency. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989), United States Supreme Court, case facts, key issues, and holdings and reasonings online today. Florida Star v. The Florida Star subsequently filed a jurisdictional brief with this Court, seeking discretionary review. Edison Co. v. Public Serv. B.J.F., 509 So. Newspaper wins because they did not break the law, the records were made public thus they can share that information. The Florida Star v. These due process claims were, therefore, res judicata as of June 11, 2002, the date of the First DCA's per curiam order denying the petition for writ of prohibition. Betty Jean Freedman (referred to as B.J.F. 2d 1117 (Fla. 1987). The Florida Star subsequently filed a jurisdictional brief with this Court, seeking discretionary review. Zacchini v. Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co. Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee v. McGrath. Especially troubling is appellant courts confusion about whether Mr.Crist and his subordinates can rely on liars to get a conviction. A principle of constitutional law stating that any statue aimed at legitimately restricting speech shall nevertheless be invalid if its terms are so vague that untargeted, protected speech may also be suppressed. B.J.F., 530 So. This court decided that it was While a newspaper could be punished for truthfully reporting facts which were not public knowledge or which it unlawfully obtained (the Court referred back to prior cases where it gave examples of material a newspaper might legally be punished for publishing, such as the dates and times of troop ship movements during war), it is unconstitutional for a government agency to impose punishment upon a newspaper for truthfully publishing information that the government had in fact released publicly. Appellee filed a motion to dismiss on grounds the appeal was untimely. After The Florida Star newspaper accidentally revealed the full name of a rape victim it got from a police report, the victim sued for damages. United States v. Playboy Entertainment Group, Inc. American Booksellers Foundation for Free Expression v. Strickland, Board of Airport Commissioners v. Jews for Jesus, Clark v. Community for Creative Non-Violence, Barr v. American Association of Political Consultants, Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York, Perry Education Association v. Perry Local Educators' Association, West Virginia State Board of Ed. The Florida First District Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court verdict, the Supreme Court of Florida denied discretionary review, and the United States Supreme Court granted certiorari. a. Chandler v. Florida (1981), p.110 Definition i. [9] In that case, a reporter obtained the name of a rape victim from a police report in a pressroom. 2d 1117 (Fla. 1987). Florida Star v. BJF (1989) B.J.F. In October of that year, a woman reported this incident to the sheriff's office, which was then summarized in a report which used the full name of B.J.F. was a woman who reported to the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office that she had been robbed and sexually assaulted. Nat'l Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie, United States v. Thirty-seven Photographs, United States v. 12 200-ft. Reels of Film, American Booksellers Ass'n, Inc. v. Hudnut. Florida Star v. BJF ... v. And consider alternate means Term. Noting that the negotiations were a matter of public interest, Justice Stevens wrote that the "debate may be more mundane than the Communist rhetoric that inspired Justice Brandeis' classic opinion in Whitney v. was sexually assaulted Report in press room Police Report "[B. J. F.] reported on Thursday, October 20, she was crossing Brentwood Park, which is in the 500 block of Golfair Boulevard, en route to her bus stop, when an unknown black man ran Argued March 21, 1989 Decided June 21, 1989 APPEAL FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF FLORIDA, FIRST DISTRICT *526 George K. Rahdert argued the cause and filed briefs for appellant. A Florida Star reporter then included the item in the October 29, 1983 issue of the paper, but erroneously included the victim's name in violation of the newspaper's internal policy not to identify rape victims. Appellant, The Florida Star, is a newspaper which publishes a "Police Reports" section containing brief articles describing local criminal incidents under police investigation After appellee B.J.F. This violated the Star's internal, ethical policy as well as violated Florida State… Appellee B.J.F. The Court's decision provided guidance on how courts should handle the species of invasion of privacy claims — called false light — most similar to defamation claims. The Sheriff's Office settled, paying the victim $2,500, but the newspaper would not. Thus this court may accept jurisdiction under the opinion of The Florida Star v. BJF, 530 So.2d 286 (Fla. 1987) and/or Fla. R. App.P. In October of that year, a woman reported this incident to the sheriff's office, which was then summarized in a report which used the full name of B.J.F. The periodical Florida Star published the name of a rape victim. § 794.03 is unconstitutional to the extent it makes the truthful reporting of information that was a matter of public record unlawful, as it violates the First Amendment. The false-light tort aims to: Protect those from being represented in the wrong way. v. Grumet, Arizona Christian Sch. Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corp. First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, Citizens Against Rent Control v. City of Berkeley, Colorado Republican Federal Campaign Committee v. FEC, Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett, American Tradition Partnership v. Bullock, Brown v. Socialist Workers '74 Campaign Committee, Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck, Landmark Communications, Inc. v. Virginia, Minneapolis Star Tribune Co. v. Commissioner, Greenbelt Cooperative Publishing Ass'n, Inc. v. Bresler. This court decided that it was B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) Florida Star v. Review summarily was denied. was the only identification printed. BJF testified that she had suffered emotional distress from the publication of her name. Get Florida Star v. Especially troubling is appellant courts confusion about whether Mr.Crist and his subordinates can rely on liars to get a conviction. In Time, Inc. v. Hill, 385 U.S. 374 (1967), the Supreme Court extended the actual malice standard of the libel decision in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan to a false light invasion of privacy.. Hoffman Estates v. The Flipside, Hoffman Estates, Inc. Pittsburgh Press Co. v. Pittsburgh Comm'n on Human Relations, Virginia State Pharmacy Bd. In Florida Star v. BJF, 491 U.S. 524 (1989), the US Supreme Court said that, if you lawfully obtained what was meant to be non-public information, you could publish it. Review summarily was denied. 2d, 286, 288 (Fla. 1988). Mt. BJF was a woman who was robbed and raped. Syllabus. B.J.F., is a United States Supreme Court case involving freedom of the press and privacy rights. Facts B.J.F. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. In Florida Star v. 9.030(a) (2) (A) (iv). Florida Stat. Review summarily was denied. Police were in the wrong for sharing the information. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524, 109 S. Ct. 2603, 105 L. Ed. of Disciplinary Counsel of Supreme Court of Ohio, Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc. had its origins in a 1983 robbery and rape which occurred in Duval County, Florida. The Court decided that the law was unconstitutional, but on much narrower grounds. In October of that year, a woman reported this incident to the sheriff's office, which was then summarized in a report which used the full name of B.J.F. Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union of United States, Inc. Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc. Harte-Hanks Communications, Inc. v. Connaughton. The Florida Star v B.J.F. Marshall, joined by Brennan, Blackmun, Stevens, Kennedy, This page was last edited on 3 December 2020, at 13:31. Closely related to the doctrine of overbreadth. Comm'n, Zauderer v. Off. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989), United States Supreme Court, case facts, key issues, and holdings and reasonings online today. Decision impact: Journalists can publish true, lawfully obtained information from public records, unless there is a … 2d 1356 (Fla. 1980); Florida Star v. The 1989 Supreme Court case of Florida Star v. B.J.F. In the police report Respondent was identified by name and the report was placed in … School Dist. United States Supreme Court. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) 22-06-2012, 12:38; 1 401; 0 Comments; Florida Star is an important free press case reinforcing the principle that the press can rarely be punished for publishing truthful, lawfully acquired information about a matter of public importance. Get Florida Star v. 2d 1066 (1993); aff'd 23 MLR 1116 (Fla. 1994). Tinker v. Des Moines Ind. On August 26, 1987, the Florida Star sought review in the United States Supreme Court. Florida Star v. BJF , 491 U.S. 524 ( 1989 ) Menu: 491 U.S. 524 (1989) THE FLORIDA STAR v. B. J. F. No. The restraint must be the narrowest available to protect that interest; and the restraint must be necessary to protect against an evil that is great and certain, would result from the reportage, and … was sexually assaulted Report in press room Police Report "[B. J. F.] reported on Thursday, October 20, she was crossing Brentwood Park, which is in the 500 block of Golfair Boulevard, en route to her bus stop, when an unknown black man ran § 794.03, which makes it unlawful to "print, publish, or broadcast... in any instrument of mass communication" the name of the victim of a sexual offense. Board of Ed. The newspaper was sued because it printed the name of avictim of rape from police records. The United States Supreme Court in Florida Star v. BJF held that a newspaper could not be punished for publication of truthful material lawfully obtained "absent a need to further a state interest of the highest order." Syllabus. This crime report was placed in their pressroom and made available to the media. Appellee filed a motion to dismiss on grounds the appeal was untimely. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989), is a United States Supreme Court case involving freedom of the press and privacy rights. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524, 533, 109 S. Ct. 2603, 105 L. Ed. Florida Stat. had its origins in a 1983 robbery and rape which occurred in Duval County, Florida. Appellee B.J.F. reported to the Sheriff's Department (Department) that she had been robbed and sexually assaulted, the Department prepared a report, which identified B.J.F. She went to Jacksonville Sheriff's Office to report the crimes. v. Winn, Westside Community Board of Ed. The Florida Star v. B.J.F. This meant that the most vicious gossip who spread the details around was not subject to the law, but supposedly a newspaper was. Ronald E. Galella v. Jacqueline Onassis, John Walsh, and United States of America, Intervenor-Appellee , 487 F.2d 986 ( 1973 ) Second Circuit | Tuesday, November 13, 1973 | Cited 2 times The Florida Star/The Georgia Star is a weekly newspaper serving the African-American communities in Jacksonville, Fla. and Brunswick, Ga., since 1951. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989), the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment precluded a newspaper from being held civilly liable under state tort law for publishing the name of a rape victim.The decision was similar to that in Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn (1975).. Facts B.J.F. Healthy City School Dist. Written and curated by real attorneys at Quimbee. 9.030(a) (2) (A) (iv). Which at the time there was an Florida law stating that that was illegal. Givhan v. Western Line Consol. filed suit in a Florida court alleging, inter alia, that the Star had negligently violated § 794.03. 2d 443 (1989), the Supreme Court acknowledged the compelling interest of protecting a sexual assault victim's privacy. U.S. Civil Service Comm'n v. National Ass'n of Letter Carriers, Mutual Film Corp. v. Industrial Comm'n of Ohio. v. Barnette, Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Public Utilities Comm'n of California, Hurley v. Irish-American Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Group of Boston, National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra, Communications Workers of America v. Beck, Board of Regents of the Univ. A trainee reporter for The Florida Star, a local newspaper in Jacksonville, Florida, copied the item verbatim. Eastern Railroad Presidents Conference v. Noerr Motor Freight, Inc. California Motor Transport Co. v. Trucking Unlimited, Smith v. Arkansas State Highway Employees, Buckley v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, BE and K Construction Co. V. National Labor Relations Board, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Florida_Star_v._B._J._F.&oldid=992093539, United States Free Speech Clause case law, United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Supreme Court made it clear that allowing cameras … v. Mergens. The 1989 Supreme Court case of Florida Star v. B.J.F. The trial court rejected the newspaper's defense that § 794.03 was unconstitutional, and the jury awarded Freedman $75,000 in compensatory damages and $25,000 in punitive damages. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) Florida Star v. The Sheriff's Office put the details of what happened, including the victim's full name, in the general crime report for the county, which is placed in its press room and made available. reported a robbery and sexual assault to the Duval County, Florida sheriff's department. Relying on Florida Star, the Florida Supreme Court held that Fla. Stat. B.J.F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989), is a United States Supreme Court case involving freedom of the press and privacy rights. THE FLORIDA STAR v. B. J. F., 491 U.S. 524 (1989) "Imposing liability on the Star does not serve "a need to further a state interest of the highest order." Decision impact: Journalists can publish true, lawfully obtained information from public records, unless there is a … Florida Star V BJF 1989 study guide by Vepeters includes 6 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. 87-329. v. Tourism Co. of Puerto Rico, San Francisco Arts & Athletics, Inc. v. U.S. Olympic Committee. Does imposing damages on appellant for publishing appellee's name violate the 1st amendment? The Florida Star v. B.J.F. reported a robbery and sexual assault to the Duval County, Florida sheriff's department. Florida v. Globe Communications Corp., 622 So. The newspaper was sued because it printed the name of avictim of rape from police records. 794.03 violates the First Amendment and the Florida constitution. Written and curated by real attorneys at Quimbee. had its origins in a 1983 robbery and rape which occurred in Duval County, Florida. a. Chandler v. Florida (1981), p.110 Definition i. George K. Rahdert is the managing member and senior partner of the law firm of Rahdert Law, P.L.L.C., located in St. Petersburg, FL. The Florida Star v B.J.F. Florida Star v. The Florida Star subsequently filed a jurisdictional brief with this Court, seeking discretionary review. On appeal, the Supreme Court ruled the imposition of damages for truthfully publishing public information violates the First Amendment. After The Florida Star newspaper accidentally revealed the full name of a rape victim it got from a police report, the victim sued for damages. Likewise, in Florida Star v. v. Virginia Citizens Consumer Council, Linmark Assoc., Inc. v. 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The USTA Southern Section has a comprehensive awards program that annually recognizes excellence on and off the tennis court. Each year, award winners are honored at an awards ceremony held during the USTA Southern Annual Meeting in January.
USTA Southern accepts award nominations for the awards marked below with an asterik * through our online portal. The nomination process is open to volunteers and staffers of USTA Southern and its nine states until second Friday in October. If you are a USTA member who lives in the Southern Section and has an award recommendation, please contact your state office for direction. Volunteers and staffers of USTA Southern and its nine states with questions on submitting a nomination, please contact Brooke Greene at 770-368-8200.
Presented to a USTA sanctioned adult tournament in the Southern Section that has best demonstrated the high standards upheld by the USTA in organizing and conducting a sanctioned adult tournament.
Recognizes an individual who has developed an outstanding tennis program, which provides leadership and inspiration in junior programs for schools, colleges, parks and playgrounds and benefits the growth of tennis in the USTA Southern Section.
Presented to the USTA-sanctioned junior tournament in the Southern Section that best demonstrates the USTA and USTA Southern Section standards of organizing and conducting a sanctioned junior event.
Presented annually to a tennis official who has made outstanding contributions to the cause of tennis officiating in the USTA Southern Section. The award is named for Mac MacDougal, who served as an esteemed official for many decades.
Presented to an individual or organization in the USTA Southern Section who has most contributed to the game of tennis by disseminating information about the sport to the general public.
Presented annually to a member organization in the USTA Southern Section to recognize outstanding service to the local community, to the organization members, and to the game of tennis. In addition, the Southern winner is then submitted for USTA National award consideration.
Given in memory of Judge Mickey McNulty, the award is presented annually to a family that resides in the USTA Southern Section that has been outstanding in its promotion of tennis. In addition, the Southern winner is then submitted for USTA National award consideration.
Presented annually to a tennis professional in the USTA Southern Section who demonstrates a significant contribution to the game of tennis through their promotion of the USA Tennis Programs and their support of the USTA Mission.
Presented annually to a USTA Southern Section event that best demonstrates outstanding execution of a team event.


This chapter provides an overview of service design as a human-centric approach for creating, describing, and operationalizing new or improved services. It outlines how service design relates to topics such as service innovation and new service development, as well as the key characteristics associated with the concept today. The service design process includinga selection of specific methods is introduced and illustrated.
1. Remember a disappointing service situation you experienced yourself and reflect on why you were disappointed. What was worse, the fact that something went wrong or the way the service provider reacted to your complaint?
2. What could the service provider have done to fix the issue in a satisfactory way? Do you see a possibility how a service provider could turn the unlucky accident into a positive experience for the customer?
3. What types of education that business students as well as technical students typically do not receive do bring designers to the table when it comes to designing a service?
4. As discussed in the chapter there is no standard template for a persona. What pieces of information would you include in your template and why?
5. Where exactly do you see a difference between the typical description of a customer segment and a persona? What do you reckon is the ratio between a customer segment and the number of personas needed to represent the segment? Is it 1:1?
6. What are the pros and cons of the various customer journey maps as shown in Fig. 4.8 on page 125?
7. Can you think of any downside of deriving ideas for innovations from the customer journey?
8. Thinking about the Kano model, do you expect the association of a requirement to type 1, 2, or 3 to be stable over time?
9. Explain how service blueprinting achieves the following goals: map the value exchanges and identify touchpoints; explain the interactions between customers and provider's staff; and expose how interactions are supported by backstage activities.
10. Self-service technologies are technological interfaces that enable customers to coproduce services without a direct employee involvement (e.g., ATM, gas pump terminals, and hotel check out kiosks). Can blueprinting also be used to model the services provided by self-service technologies? If the modeling is feasible, explain any adaptation that needs to be made to the method. Otherwise, justify why blueprinting is not adequate to use with self-service technologies.


text:
HomeTrendingHow To Avoid Alimony...
How To Avoid Alimony In Massachusetts
Strategy : End The Marriage Asap
How does Alimony work in Massachusetts | Divorce Attorneys Mansfield, Massachusetts
Your state is going to determine the amount of alimony that a spouse pays. However, one factor that states often consider is the overall length of the marriage. Typically, the longer a person is in a marriage, the more likely it is that you will be faced with higher alimony payments. If you know your marriage is not going to last, consider ending it as quickly as you can. Stretching it out longer and longer just means more emotional pain and longer lasting alimony payments.
Can Alimony Last Beyond A Spouses Death
General term alimony and other forms of alimony in Massachusetts end at the death of either spouse, although the payor might be required to pay for life insurance or another form of security that pays the recipient in the event of their death. However, spouses can form a contractual agreement that extends alimony beyond the payors death. For example, the payor might be required to establish a trust to pay the recipient alimony if the payor passes away before the recipient.
Can A Court Force Me To Pay Alimony
Yes, a family court can order you to pay alimony even if you disagree with the decision. A judge will decide whether alimony is appropriate based on the circumstances. The judge can then order you to pay a certain amount of alimony either indefinitely or for a specific period. If you refuse to pay despite the court order, your ex-spouse can pursue enforcement actions against you including garnishing your wages, freezing your bank accounts, or even jail time.
Read Also: How To Sue For Alimony
How Income Changes Can Affect Alimony
Generally, in Massachusetts, alimony orders should not exceed 30 to 35% of the difference between each spouses gross incomes. Consequently, if one of the spouses income changes, he or she can petition for a modification of alimony. When circumstances such as a change in income occur, you have a right to go back to court to seek to modify your agreement.
Massachusetts New Alimony Law
Alimony is a highly-charged word. Discussions of alimony generally get the strongest reactions from both men and women when working out the terms of a divorce. Believe it or not, its generally more contentious than custody disputes over children or property division.
Men are understandably concerned. They are no longer entitled to receive their wifes love or services but still must pay. To add insult to injury, sometimes alimony is payable even when the wife had decided to end the marriage. And men are understandably concerned about the negative effect of alimony on the wifes future motivation to make her own living.
On the other hand, married women have often experienced significant decreased opportunities in their careers. They often have made their top priority to take care of the family, home, children, and husband to be a homemaker. Thats why some commentators view a marriage as an economic partnership, with the right to alimony payments as essentially a payment of the marital partnerships income interest.
Massachusetts former alimony laws. Formerly, Massachusetts had very typical alimony laws. The issue of alimony was very fact-driven and based on notions of equity. Many factors were analyzed, among them, age, opportunity for future acquisition, length of marriage, contribution to marriage , conduct, and employability.
The Alimony Reform Act was passed by the legislature in 2011, with an effective date of March 1, 2012.
Amount of Alimony.
Recommended Reading: How To Avoid Paying Alimony In Virginia
Child Support And Alimony Under The Alimony Reform Act: A Muddy Picture
After addressing reciprocal orders for child support and alimony, the Appeals Court in Calvin C. v. Amelia A. takes the somewhat unusual step of announcing how Massachusetts Courts should calculate child support and alimony in cases in which both forms of support flow to the same party. The Courts willingness to wade into this territory is notable, since questions have surrounded the interplay between alimony and child support since the passage of the Alimony Reform Act of 2011, which provides:
When issuing an order for alimony, the court shall exclude from its income calculation . . . gross income which the court has already considered for setting a child support order.
Since 2011, many Massachusetts judges have interpreted the Acts language as essentially "excluding" alimony in cases involving parents with combined incomes of less than $250,000, where the Child Support Guidelines were assumed to consume the first $250,000 in combined income of the parties, leaving no income for an alimony order. The 2018 Child Support Guidelines, which are presently under review, are notably vague on how and when alimony and child support can be ordered in the same case, stating:
All three organizations critiqued the ambiguous manner in which the states Child Support Guidelines address cases in which a parent may be entitled either alimony or child support, or both.
General Term Alimony: How Long
Massachusetts alimony law is clear regarding how long general term alimony must be paid by one spouse to the other. This durational limitation for marriages lasting under twenty years is based on the number of months you were been married: from your date of marriage to the date that the other spouse was served with the complaint for divorce. The amount to time alimony is paid is based on a percentage of the number of months of this calculation, which increases in five-year increments.
For a marriage of 5 years or less: the duration for alimony is 50% of the number of months
For a marriage of between 5 to 10 years, 60% of the number of months
For a marriage of between 10 years to 15 years, 70% the number of months
For a marriage of between 15 years to 20 years, 80% the number of months.
For marriages greater than 20 years, alimony will be paid until the full social security retirement age of the payer spouse. Usually, full social security retirement age is between 66 years old and 68 years old. These are presumed duration limitations and can be pierced through by a judge. Of course, an alimony payer in Massachusetts can voluntarily agree to pay alimony for a longer period of time than the law requires.
Also Check: Who Pays Alimony In Divorce
How Alimony Usually Works In Massachusetts
In a Massachusetts divorce case, the spouse who is financially dependent may be entitled to alimony. The amount and duration of these support payments are determined by many factors, including the length of the marriage, the health and age of the separating spouses, the marital lifestyle, each spouses economic contribution and sacrifice to the marriage, and each spouses employability, after the divorce.
Recurring alimony payments mean both spouses will interact with each other on a regular basis, with the spouse paying the alimony continuing to support the spouse who is receiving it. This continued reliance and support can create tension. For example, if the paying spouse wants to make a career change that would slash his or her income, the alimony commitment might prevent him or her from pursuing such a change, while the recipient spouse might have a hard time getting the payments regularly, or in their full amount.
How To Receive Alimony In Massachusetts
Courts cannot grant an award of alimony unless a spouse asks for support. Even then, the court must hold a hearing to determine whether the requesting spouse has an actual need for spousal support and if the other spouse is able to pay. Alimony is awarded in addition to child support, but the amount of child support will be included in the court's consideration and may result in a lower award for alimony.
If you are in need of financial assistance from your ex-spouse, don't hesitate to ask for it, but be certain to provide evidence of your need. Massachusetts courts will not prohibit you from receiving what you need or are entitled to from your ex-spouse. Additionally, the amount of the payment awarded is typically 30-35% of the difference between the gross incomes of the parties.
Also Check: Divorce Court Lynn Toler Episodes
Strategy : Have A Judge Evaluate Your Spouses Fitness To Work
After a divorce, a spouse may prefer to remain as a homemaker or stay-at-home parent, even though this causes financial hardship or is not 100% necessary. If your spouse is educated and has the skills to obtain a job that pays well, you can ask a judge to perform a vocational evaluation. It is an objective assessment that provides you with insight into what your spouse can potentially earn by taking a job in their area of knowledge and skills.
Even if a job is not available at the time you go to court, alimony may still be ordered on a temporary basis. This is still preferable to payments that are issued on a long-term basis or indefinitely.
Bear in mind your spouse may just need some space while they work to get on their feet and establish their own household, find a job that pays well, and learn how to live on their own again. Short-term alimony payments will help them along and get them in the right direction faster, especially if they took time off to care for children or help you advance your own career.
What Role Does Adultery Play In A Massachusetts Divorce
Different states take different approaches to divorce. Some states are "no fault" states, meaning that people can get divorced without having any particular reason other than their marriage has broken down and can't be saved
"Fault-based" states, on the other hand, allow people to get divorced only if they can show that their spouse has committed some kind of wrongdoing, like physical or mental abuse.
Massachusetts takes a compromise position and allows divorce for both fault and no-fault grounds. There are eight basic "grounds" for a divorce:
utter desertion
cruel and abusive treatment
one spouse's criminal conviction and sentenced to serve five years or more in a correctional facility
refusal to provide suitable support and maintenance for the other spouse, and
irretrievable breakdown of the marriage.
Adultery is a fault-based ground for divorce permitted in Massachusetts. A court will grant a divorce based on adultery if the accusing spouse produces evidence of the affair. Like other "fault" grounds, it's up to the innocent spouse to prove to the court the guilty spouse's marital misconduct. If the spouse fails to prove the allegations, the judge could dismiss the case and ask you to refile using the state's no-fault grounds.
If you're considering filing a fault divorce, it's best to speak with an experienced attorney before you file.
Also Check: When Does Alimony End In Nj
Alimony After 201: The Passing Of The Alimony Reform Act
Alimony drastically changed in 2012 when the Alimony Reform Act was passed.
Before 2012, Massachusetts courts used a standardized formula for calculating alimony that factored in things such as spousal age, earning capacity, length of marriage, employability and more. One of the biggest changes the Alimony Reform Act was limiting the duration of alimony, but other factors such as cohabitation, retirement and income changes also affect alimony.
Now, alimony duration has limits that correspond to the length of the marriage:
Alimony cannot exceed 50% of the length of the marriage
Other changes included changing alimony at remarriage / cohabitation and termination at retirement, at which point Social Security benefits are received.
How The Court Decides On Alimony
Judges look at a few different factors to decide whether and how much alimony to award:
How long the marriage was
How old the parties are
The parties health
Both parties income, employment, and employability, including whether they could be employable with reasonable effort and more training, if necessary
Both parties economic and non-economic contribution to the marriage
The parties way of life during the marriage
Each persons ability to continue the way of life they had during the marriage
Lost economic opportunity because of the marriage
Other factors the court thinks are relevant
Also Check: Can You Get Alimony After Divorce
The Interplay Between Need And The Aras 30
After defining need in terms of the lifestyle enjoyed during the marriage, the Young Court immediately moves to resolve the biggest problem with defining need in terms of maintaining the marital lifestyle. Heres the problem: if a former spouses need for alimony means that he or she has the right to maintain the marital lifestyle after the divorce, how can we square this right with this with the 35% cap under the ARA, which gives one spouse 65% of the available income and the other spouse only 35% of the income. The Court skillfully sidesteps this paradox:
Where, as so often happens, the couples collective income is inadequate to allow both spouses to maintain the lifestyle they enjoyed during the marriage after their household is divided in two through divorce, the recipient spouse does not have an absolute right to live a lifestyle to which he or she has been accustomed in a marriage to the detriment of the provider spouse.' Instead, he judge must consider all the statutory factors and reach a fair balance of sacrifice between the former spouses when financial resources are inadequate to maintain the marital standard of living. The act presumptively provides that the fair balance of sacrifice means that the supporting spouse generally should not be required to pay more than thirty-five per cent of the difference between the parties gross incomes.
Strategy : Prove They Dont Need It
Some spouses who are simply being vindictive seek to gain alimony payments, even if they do not need the money to maintain their standard of living. For example, does your ex have access to a large monetary sum, like a trust fund or stock portfolio? Do they have an inheritance or savings account? If so, them being unemployed may not affect their ability to transition to a single lifestyle. Your ex may not even need an alimony payment to make this lifestyle change.
Be sure to investigate whether or not your spouse has any assets in their name that would keep you from having to make alimony payments. To do this, you may wish to hire a professional forensic accountant to help you track down this asset or assets. While accountants definitely charge a premium for their services, your avoidance of lengthy and costly alimony fees will be well worth the price.
Read Also: Can I Get Alimony After 2 Years Of Marriage
Bright Line And Relative Time Methods Of Valuing The Marital Portion Of A Pension
There are a range of legal methods for valuing and dividing future pension benefits in Massachusetts. See this page for a complete discussion of MA state pension division in divorce. At one end of this range is the 1) the accrued method, and at the other end of the range is 2) the relative time method. Massachusetts is the only state in America that allows either method to be used, and is only one of ten states that allows the bright line method to be used at all. The bright line method is nearly always unfavorable for the alternate payee.
Take the example of a public school teacher who has been married for 17 years and divorces at age 47, when earning $70,000 per year. Using the relative time method of calculating the pension division, the alternate payee , would receive $1473 per month at retirement. Under the bright line method of dividing the pension benefit, the alternate payee would receive only $347 per month at retirement. It is also possible to use a number of division methods that are intermediate between bright line and relative time methods. You can see the calculations and financial outcomes for these various pension division methods in this .pdf. You see can more discussion of the assumptions going into these calculations in this discussion of formulas for MA pension division.
Remember that the alternate payee normally only gets half of the marital portion, as the marital portion belongs to both spouses.
The Marital Lifestyle Vs The Post Marital Lifestyle: How Much Alimony Should A Former Spouse Pay
What is Alimony in Massachusetts
Rather than review the particular details of the trial court case, this blog will focus on capturing portions of the Young opinion that best articulate the issues reviewed in the case. The decision begins with a clear and concise announcement of the Courts rulings:
We conclude that, where the supporting spouse has the ability to pay, the need for support of the recipient spouse under general term alimony is the amount required to enable her to maintain the standard of living she had at the time of the separation leading to the divorce, not the amount required to enable her to maintain the standard of living she would have had in the future if the couple had not divorced. We also conclude that, although there might be circumstances where it is reasonable and fair to award a percentage of the supporting spouses income as general term alimony to the recipient spouse, those circumstances are not present in this case.
Back in March, Attorney Owens previewed the Young decision by focusing on the second issue, so called self-modifying alimony order:
Young appears to on when courts may enter variable or self-adjusting alimony orders when the obligors income arises out of bonuses, commission or equity compensation, such as stock options or RSUs.
Recommended Reading: Can You Get Alimony In Florida
Appeals Court Provides Framework For Simultaneous/parallel Alimony And Child Support Orders
In Calvin C. v. Amelia A., the Appeals Court decisively addressed the question raised by the three advocacy organizations above. The Court explained the framework for ordering simultaneous child support and alimony in cases where parties earn combined income of less than $250,000 in straightforward terms:
e agree that calculating alimony first usually necessitates using the parties' adjusted, post alimony incomes when calculating child support to avoid running afoul of G. L. c. 208, § 53, this principle typically applies in cases where one spouse is the sole payor of both alimony and child support. . In cases where one spouse pays both child support and alimony, and the parties' combined income is less than $250,000 the alimony payment should be treated as income available to the recipient for purposes of calculating child support.
Importantly, the Court notes that simultaneous orders for child support and alimony are not automatic, but rather, can only occur f the judge in such a case exercises discretion to calculate alimony first before calculating child support. The need for judicial discretion is especially important in cases where the paying spouse may simply lack the ability to pay both child support and alimony, or when the recipients economic need may not require combined alimony and child support.
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text:
module ArcREST
  # a catalog of services
  class Catalog < Server
    attr_reader :folders, :services

    def initialize(url)
      super
      @folders = folders_
      @services = services_
    end

    private

    def folders_
      @json['folders']
    end

    def services_
      @json['services']
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


These are the weekly recurring practice schedules.
Your team's coach has the final word on when your team practices each week if it varies from this schedule.
Please check with your coach if you have doubt and let your coach know if this schedule differs from their communicated recurring schedule. Occasional changes from your coach will not be indicated on this schedule.
Setters, please report 30 minutes early. If you are unsure of whether to report, please check with your coach.
A5 South had 19 tournament wins during the 2016 season.


The Electric Light Orchestra, led by one of rock's most iconic songwriters and producers Jeff Lynne, are one of the most successful British bands of all time with global sales of over 50 million albums. In September 2014, Jeff Lynne s ELO headlined BBC Radio 2 s Festival In A Day in London s famous Hyde Park. It was the first time in almost 30 years that the band had performed on a festival stage. The 50,000 tickets for the event had sold out in a matter of minutes and the fans sang along to hit after hit performed by Jeff Lynne and the band accompanied by the BBC Concert Orchestra.
– Feature length documentary Mr Blue Sky – The Story Of Jeff Lynne and ELO .


text:
Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scotland
Malcolm III of Scotland was one of Scotland's greatest monarchs. Before his reign, Scotland was an insular land ruled largely by local chieftains who may at times have respected royal over- lordship, but often did not.
Malcolm secured direct control over much of what today we recognise as Scotland. After the defeat of MacBeth in 1057 and of MacBeth's step son Lulach the following year, Malcolm removed the most significant form of internal opposition.
As with many 11th century monarchs he had a common- law wife; Ingibiorg Finnsdottir. She was a daughter Jarl Finn Arnesson, and widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney. The relationship helped secure at least peace with the Scandinavian Isles and the Kingdom of Norway.
In 1069 Malcolm married a second wife, the Anglo-Saxon Princess Margaret, elder sister of Edgar II, the last Saxon king. It is uncertain, although probable that Ingibiorg had died by that time. The marriage with Margaret formed a life-long friendship and alliance with Edgar. The Scottish king would support his brother-in-law on a number of occasions.
That alliance brought about a Norman invasion in 1072 and at the resulting Treaty of Abernethy Malcolm became William's man. This did not prevent Malcolm launching further raids south. In 1080 the Conqueror sent his eldest son Robert north, and there a New Castle was erected at the eastern end of Hadrian's Wall.
The death of William allowed Malcolm to throw away any deal done with William I and to again head south, probably again at the instigation of his brother-in-law Edgar. In 1091 William Rufus attempted to repeat the 1072 invasion of his father, but it was a dreadful failure for the Norman king. The Norman fleet were destroyed in a storm and the army forced into a retreat. Nevertheless a peace was achieved at the instigation of Edgar, although the initial terms were that Malcolm would hold his 'English lands' not from Rufus, but from Robert. In a rare moment of brotherly solidarity Robert declined this offer, and peace was done with Rufus.
Rufus was though ill-pleased with the result. In 1092 he invaded Cumbria, then in the hands of Malcolm. But within a year Rufus had his famous near-death experience. Malcolm was sent for to meet the ailing Norman king at court in Gloucester. The purpose was for Rufus to give the Scottish king a full apology for his actions. On his way south. Malcolm helped lay the foundation stone at the new Cathedral at Durham. But in Gloucester he found a totally recovered Rufus, and a Rufus who deliberately refused to speak with the Scottish King. Malcolm was annoyed at the rebuff. He returned home, raised an army and again struck south.
Malcolm devastated the lands of Robert de Mowbray, the Norman earl of Northumbria. On the 13th November 1093 he was besieging the newly erected castle at Alnwick. Arkil Morel, a steward of the earl snuck out from the castle in a deliberate ambush. Malcolm and his eldest son by Margaret; Edward, were killed.
'His queen, Margaret, moreover, died of sorrow for him within nine days' Fortunately for the history of Scotland, he and Margaret had six more sons, and three of those would become Scottish Kings. Their eldest daughter Edith would marry Henry I to become Queen of England.


text:
Q: Flask - User input and Buttons with back-end actions, returning text to user I'm running a small Flask test and attempting to do the following:
I have two forms.
The first - receives users input, then has a submit button. When the submit button is pressed I would like to 1.) execute a back-end Python program using the two values from 'doritos' and 'oreos' then 2.) return some relative text back to the user (i.e., successful) on the same page, next to the button or in some text window.
Question - How can I pass the values received from this form back to foo?
Question - How can I return a text value back to the user?
The second - basic buttons which call a Python program and return and return some relative text back to the user (i.e., successful). I'm assuming I can use the above questions to answer this as well.
Documentation I continue to see online uses app.route and routes the user to another page with results. I want to keep the user on the same page and just return text. If this is too vague you can tell me to RTFM. Just having a hard time figuring this out.
See below for my code:
index.html:
<form action="/foo" method="post">
CHIPS:

<input type="text" name="doritos">

SNACKS:

<input type="text" name="oreos">

<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>

<form action="/coo" method="post">
<input type="submit" name="pita" value="pita">

<input type="submit" name="chip" value="chip"

</form>

app.py
from flask import render_template
from app import app

@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index')
def index():
    return render_template("index.html", title='Home')

@app.route('/foo')
def foo():
    try:
        ..receive user-input values..
        ..do some back end actions..
        return 'Successful.'
    except:
        return 'Failed.'

@app.route('/coo')
def coo():
    try:
        if request.form['pita']:
            ..do some back end actions..
            return 'Successful.'
        elif request.form['chip']:
            ..do some back end actions..
            return 'Successful.'
    except:
        return 'Failed.'

A: Flask has the Jinja2 built in (you're already using it in the form of render_template), so one simple solution to this problem could be to create a template with your forms, and pass a "success" or "fail" message to the template when data is posted.
Consider the following index.html template snippet:
<form action="/" method="post">
    CHIPS:

    <input type="text" name="doritos">

    SNACKS:

    <input type="text" name="oreos">

    <input type="submit" value="submit">
</form>
{% if fooResponse is not none %}
    {{ fooResponse }}
{% endif %}

<form action="/" method="post">
    <input type="submit" name="pita" value="pita">

    <input type="submit" name="chip" value="chip">

</form>
{% if cooResponse is not none %}
    {{ cooResponse }}
{% endif %}

Your Python might then look something like this (assuming you don't want to navigate away from ///index, and based on your question I'm assuming that the output shown from each form is non-persistent and mutually exclusive):
@app.route('/')
@app.route('/index', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render_template("index.html")

    if request.form["submit"] == "submit":
        doritos = request.form["doritos"]
        oreos = request.form["oreos"]
        success = process(doritos, oreos)

        return render_template("index.html", fooResponse="Successful" if success else "Failed")

     elif request.form["submit"] == "pita":
        success = process("pita")
        return render_template("index.html", cooResponse="Successful" if success else "Failed")

     elif request.form["submit"] == "chip":
        success = process("chip")
        return render_template("index.html", cooResponse="Successful" if success else "Failed")

A: You can link your form submission to an ajax call in javascript. The ajax function would send the data to an api, python would do all calculations and send a response. The ajax function receives that response in the front end and displays whatever text/data you want in the frontend.
Consider something like:
    $.ajax({
        type: "POST",
        url: "/api/oreos-and-doritos",
        dataType: "json",
        contentType: "application/json",
        data: JSON.stringify(data-from-form),
        success: function (data) {
            // do whatever changes are needed in the frontend,
            // like displaying a message
            $('#msg').text(data);
        },
        error: function (xhr, error, thrown) {
            // do some error handling here
        }
    }));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Photo: The day after a fire destroyed Jimmy's Food Mart.
The acrid smell from a fire that destroyed a Belmont Street convenient store Saturday night, April 18, remained in the air Sunday morning as an emergency services business was preparing to board up the burned out structure.
The interior of Jimmy's Food Mart, at 297 Belmont St., was black and scorched, the food and fixtures burned, illuminated by the sunlight coming through the collapsed roof, the result of a three-alarm fire that began in the back of the store around 7:30 p.m.
The blaze – which sent flames high into the air at the corner of Belmont and School streets – brought fire equipment in from Watertown, Cambridge and Waltham resulting in closing the major thoroughfare.
While Jimmy's is considered a loss, owners of the half dozen small businesses came by to enter their offices and stores to view how much damage they sustained. While the fire was substantial, the fast work by fire fighters and the structure of the building prevented an ever greater loss.
"It doesn't appear that bad because of the fire wall and how quick the [fire departments] fought the fire," said one business owner who did not want to be identified.
Many of the store fronts had front doors open to begin the process of airing out their businesses and discover how much water damage they had sustained. Owners were approached by cleaning and information recovery firms to help in the process.


This term is used to describe a brand or an individual product that has been certified and labelled by an independent organization because it meets certain standards. The general goals of these standards are to support producers from underdeveloped countries through trading, protection of workers' rights, preservation of the environment, and the promotion of sustainability.
Sometimes, we just go to buy because we like something and it's cheap. But have you stopped to think why the price is so low? How much is the people who worked on these items being paid? Are they being well-treated?
We have to remember there is people behind the clothes or articles we use. If you start shopping consciously and reading the hang tags you will know the brand and you can search by internet little time the biography of the brand, values and people behind.
The price is quite important to determinate the value of workers, process, materials and environment. It is a good step to begin helping small entrepreneurs, environment, and basic rights.
It's a pleased for Graciela Huam group to say that we work with manufacturers that is fair trade certified in Peru, so you can see into what kind philosophy and goals we follow. We believe as we've mentioned before that our commitment isn't just with the final costumers but with the artisans, all the workers in the process, and the environment we live in.


text:
Sri Lanka's Apex Organisation for Export Promotion
Home/News/Sri Lanka's textile & garment exports grow 6.6% in Feb'14
Sri Lanka's textile & garment exports grow 6.6% in Feb'14
Sri Lanka's earnings from exports of textiles and garments grew by 6.6 percent to US$ 396.2 million in February 2014, compared to earnings of $371.6 million recorded in same month last year, according to a press release on 'External Sector Performance – February 2014' issued by the Economics Research Department of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
The statement reflected two key trends in Sri Lanka's textile and garment trade—an increase in apparel exports to non-traditional markets and a higher local value addition in the clothing industry.
"A notable increase of 35.7 per cent was observed in export of garments to non-traditional markets, reflecting greater diversification of markets in the industry," the press release said.
Meanwhile, Sri Lanka's garment exports to the US and the EU increased by 8.8 percent and 8.7 percent, respectively, during February 2014.>
"Despite the strong growth in textiles and garment exports, textiles and textile article imports declined by 6.4 percent, reflecting higher domestic value addition in the garment industry," the statement said.
In January-February 2014, Sri Lanka's textiles and garments exports jumped 14.6 percent to $808.2 million, as against exports of $705.5 million made during corresponding period last year.
On the other hand, imports of textiles and textile articles declined by 5.5 percent to $346.1 million during the two-month period, compared to imports worth $366.1 million made during the same period last year.
In 2013, Sri Lanka's earnings from textile and garment exports grew by 13 percent year-on-year to $4.508 billion, while its value of imports declined by 9.7 percent year-on-year to $2.045 billion.
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Russia Failing On The Battlefield
Posted byEditor December 1, 2022 November 30, 2022 Posted inDefence Review, Lt. Col . Stuart Crawford, Stuart Crawford
NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg told reporters that Russia was "failing on the battlefield" in Ukraine as he headed into a summit meeting of foreign ministers in Bucharest on Tuesday. He suggested that Russia's continuing attacks on civilian infrastructure showed that it was being unsuccessful militarily and that it was now attempting to use the coming winter as a weapon of war against the Ukrainian people.
At the summit itself, Jens Stoltenberg appeared alongside Ukraine's foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba after the first day of the two-day meeting to reinforce the message that the alliance will continue to support Ukraine for the foreseeable future. He said; "We will stand by Ukraine as long as it takes will not back down," and added, "and we realise that it is extremely important that President Putin is not able to win in Ukraine."
He went on to point out that a Russian victory would not only be a tragedy for Ukraine, but would also make the world a much more dangerous and vulnerable place, declaring that it was clearly in the security interest of NATO and its allies to support Ukraine to the utmost.
Mr Kuleba opened his remarks by saying the last time they met his three words were "weapons, weapons, weapons". Now he said he had three other words which were "faster, faster, faster", echoing the constant pleas from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy that his country requires more sophisticated weaponry from the west sooner to continue the struggle against the occupiers.
Kuleba went on to say; "I would like to thank you (Stoltenberg) and the alliances for helping us. We appreciate what has been done, but the war still goes on. Decisions on weapons and production lines have to be made faster. This is what we have been discussing, how to speed up everything."
Stoltenberg then rejoined to say that NATO allies have agreed they should work more closely with Ukraine because the support "is making a huge difference on the battlefield every day".
Russia has also been stung by comments by the Pope that some ethnic minority soldiers in the Russian army have behaved worse than others in the invasion of Ukraine. It was reported that Pope Francis, in an interview with America, a US Jesuit magazine, said that he "cruellest" troops are generally Chechens and Buryats. Russia called his remarks a "perversion".
There have been widespread accusations of atrocities having been carried out against Ukrainian military personnel and civilians in the areas they have occupied, with reports of "torture chambers" and mass graves in places which have been recaptured by the Ukrainian armed forces.
There may be an element of truth in what the Pontiff says here. Chechen soldiers gained their reputation as fierce warriors in two wars in which they actually fought against Russia in Chechnya, a constituent part of the Russian Federation. The first war began in 1994, when President Yeltsin sent in Russian troops to restore sovereignty, as he saw it, and to protect the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. Chechnya had previously declared itself to be independent.
It was a long brutal war, from 1994 to 1996, and Russian armed forces humiliated by the smaller Chechen armed forces who used guerrilla tactics to defeat their enemy. Russia then started what became known as the Second Chechen War in 199, labelling it a counter-terrorism operation, which concluded more or less successfully for Russia in 2009.
Nevertheless, the Chechens have gained the reputation as battle-hardened veterans, and many went on to fight as quasi-mercenaries in Syria and elsewhere. They now fight on Russia's side in Ukraine for a number of reasons. First and foremost is that Russia lacks the manpower, and they are a welcome addition to Russia's diminished forces. There is also the psychological impact of employing troops with such a fearsome reputation against the Ukrainians.
But the driving force for the Chechen leader Ramzan Kadyrov is money. Chechnya is largely dependent on Russia for its economic viability. Without it, he has been quoted as saying his republic would probably only last three months before collapsing. So becoming a close ally of Putin makes sense to him.
As for the Pope's remarks, well, I would say that there's no smoke without fire, and he is undoubtedly well informed on world issues by his advisers. The veneer of civilisation becomes very thin in warfare, and it's usually the most helpless and vulnerable who suffer the most. We can only hope and pray that an end to this bitter conflict will come soon, but I'm not holding my breath.
Lt Col Stuart Crawford is a Defence Analyst and a former Army officer, author & broadcaster – sign up to his podcast at defencereview.uk
Have you signed up for the Defence Review Podcast? https://open.spotify.com/show/4vHJsYgxfrDyTkKgMpGlqs
Crimea is the main strategic in this war – who holds it controls the Black Sea & the entrance to the Sea of Azov.
The worst weapon of the Russian War? – Rape!


The Iowa Progressive Alliance (IPA) is the voice of the progressive community in Iowa. As the largest progressive social media entity in Iowa, we affirm our responsibility to educate our community responsibly. The following are the political demands of the IPA, the progressives of Iowa, and the people of the United States.
The Iowa Progressive Alliance supports the passage of legislation that would make higher education in the United States debt-free.
Existing policy models like Rhode Island Promise are possible solutions for the debt crisis facing American students. In a world where a bachelor's degree has replaced a high school diploma, the IPA demands action to alleviate the pressures facing the US student body.
tax on assets above $50 million.
The IPA demands action on income inequality and fair taxation is the first step toward meeting this goal.
The Iowa Progressive Alliance supports the passage of the Green New Deal. Climate change is an immediate threat to our social order. This fact is accepted by the United Nations, the US Department of Defense, and nearly universal scientific consensus. There is strong evidence for bipartisan support for the Green New Deal.
The IPA demands the immediate passage of the Green New Deal.
The Iowa Progressive Alliance calls for the immediate legalization, taxation and regulation of cannabis. In a state where racial minorities make up a disproportionate majority of cannabis arrests, this is an issue of civil and social rights. There is strong bipartisan support for the legalization of cannabis. The IPA also recognizes the windfall funding source that cannabis legalization represents to our school, infrastructure and first responders based upon experienced in other states that have legalized cannabis.
The IPA demands immediate rescheduling and legalization of cannabis.
The Iowa Progressive Alliance supports Medicare for All. The Iowa Progressive Alliance believe the United States is as capable as other first world democracies and should provide health care for all its citizens. There is strong bipartisan support for government action on healthcare.
The Iowa Progressive Alliance demand that this action be to provide a gold standard Medicare for all US citizens.
The Iowa Progressive Alliance supports raising the minimum wage to $15 an hour. The minimum wage is no longer a living wage, it must be in order to alleviate the poverty facing this state. In the current system, taxpayers support businesses that pay their staff minimum wage through social welfare programs. The IPA believes that the business community should serve the people of this state and nation.
The IPA demands the immediate increase in the minimum wage to $15 an hour.


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Natural Hazards | Tsunamis
What are Tsunamis?
A Tsunami (Pronounced 'Soo-Naam-ee') comes from the Japanese word for 'Harbor Wave'. A Tsunami is a series of huge waves that strike a coast. The waves are caused when massive amounts of water are displaced due to an undersea disturbance. Earthquakes, Volcanic Eruptions, Meteorites or even nuclear weapons testing can cause them.
The damage caused can range from little to massive devastation, as seen on December 26th 2004 when an earthquake measuring 9.3 occured off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia in which 300,000 people lost their lives due to the massive tsunamis that hit the surrounding land.
A Tsunami is caused when large amounts of water are displaced, usually occuring from seismic activity e.g. Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions. It can also be caused be caused by landslides or underwater explosions.
Example diagram showing a Tsunami caused by an Earthquake
Where can Tsunamis occur?
Tsunamis can actually occur anywhere, but there are areas of the world where they are more likely to happen. Most Tsunamis occur around the Pacific Ocean due to high seismic activity. Japan, for example, is so prone to Tsunamis, that they even practice 'Tsunami Drills'.
Warnings / Protection From Tsunamis
It is very difficult to predict when a Tsunami may occur next but there are some warning signs.
If you are near a beach or the ocean, the main warning signs are:
- The ground shaking, indicating an earthquake or seimic event has occured. If this happens, you should immediately get to higher ground.
- The sea receding away from the coast, exposing fish for example.
There are also man-made warning systems being developed, these include Tsunami Warning Sirens and Evacuation Routes
History of Recent Tsunamis
22nd May 1960, 9.5 Magnitude Earthquake along subduction zone of South America
15 minutes after the earthquake, 5 metre high waves hit the coast of Chile. Around an hour later, another series of waves hit measuring 8 and 11 metres high. 909 people were killed, 834 people were missing and many coastal villages were completely destroyed.
17th July 1998, 7.1 Magnitude Earthquake 24 Km offshore of Papua New Guinea
11 minutes after the earthquake, a tsunami of around 12 metres tall hit the coast of Papua New Guinea killing approximately 2200 people. It is belived the earthquake's magnitude was not large enough to create these waves directly, but that an undersea landslide caused by the earthqauke resulted in the tsunami of this size.
26th December 2004, 9.3 Magnitude Earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia
Approximately 300,000 people were killed - 160,000 in Indonesia alone and is the deadliest Tsunami and 2nd largest Earthquake ever recorded. The initial surge of water rose to a height of 108 feet and reached places including Thailand, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and as far away as Africa and even Mexico.
Back to Natural Hazards & Disasters


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US-Ghana: A must-win feel
Each team's chanecs of advancing hinge on its first game
US-Ghana: A must-win feel Each team's chanecs of advancing hinge on its first game Check out this story on delmarvanow.com: http://www.delmarvanow.com/story/sports/2014/06/15/opener-must-win-us/10563671/
Kelly Whiteside, USA TODAY Sports Published 9:33 p.m. ET June 15, 2014 | Updated 9:35 p.m. ET June 15, 2014
United States' head coach Jurgen Klinsmann juggles a soccer ball.(Photo: AP)
With an easy laugh and ample charm, Ghana's Asamoah Gyan doesn't look the part of the villain. Nor do his teammates, who like to break into the azonto, a hip-swiveling dance, after goals. They have been to the World Cup twice before, and both times entered as heavy underdogs. So why is this fun-loving bunch considered the U.S. team's great nemesis?
"They're coming for revenge," Gyan said heading into today's World Cup opener for both teams. "Mentally they don't want us to beat them for a third time, which will make it interesting and difficult for us."
Four years ago, Gyan's game-winning goal in overtime knocked the Americans out of the World Cup. In 2006, Ghana sent the USA home with a victory in the final group stage game.
"I don't think it's revenge," U.S. coach Jurgen Klinsmann said Sunday. "Maybe for the players four years ago if they want to get some extra kick and energy out of that, that's all right by me."
The USA winning the tournament is unrealistic, as Klinsmann has said. But Sunday, much of the talk was about the team's confidence. "You want to go far. That's the goal. I booked my flight for after the final," Klinsmann said.
The USA is approaching the Ghana match as if it's a World Cup final, Klinsmann said, because it means that much. Especially with games vs. powers Portugal and Germany to follow.
The numbers support that must-win mentality. Since the 1998 World Cup, when the field expanded to 32 with two teams per group advancing, only 9% of teams that lost their first World Cup game (four of 46) advanced to the knockout stage. A tie, which gives a team one point, in the first game gives a team hope — 56% of those teams (20 of 36) advanced from their group.
Midfielder Michael Bradley said the Americans are embracing the pressure. "As the game continues to grow in the country, so do the expectations," Bradley said. "We all welcome the pressure of playing in a World Cup. We know it won't be easy, but we feel like if we step on the field and are sharp and able to play to the best of our ability, we can have a great World Cup."
Ghana's strength is big-name stars, such as Gyan, Sulley Muntari, Michael Essien, Kevin-Prince Boateng, and physical, fast play. Four years ago, the Black Stars counterattacked and muscled the Americans off the ball.
Gyan was asked if the Americans were athletic and hardworking and the Ghanaians more talented. "I think so," he said. "Ghana is the most talented team, with young, talented players coming up." He noted Ghana's youth — with an average of 25 years, 6 months, the youngest in the tournament — and called the Americans a "good side, a very dangerous team."
"I don't know. It's going to be very, very interesting," he said, expressing the sentiment of most. Heading into today's game, it's hard to know what to expect.
Surely the USA's inexperienced back line will be tested. The weather could be a factor. And the large American crowd expected could make Estadio das Dunas seem like a home game in Columbus, Ohio.
Goalkeeper Tim Howard said his defense is faster and more athletic than it was in 2010 and better equipped to match the pace of Ghana's attackers. How much will inexperience matter?
The only expected starter on the back line with World Cup experience is DaMarcus Beasley, who played midfield in the previous tournaments. If Klinsmann goes with the same lineup he used last weekend in an exhibition against Nigeria, Kyle Beckerman will play more of a defensive midfield role, allowing Bradley and Jermaine Jones the freedom to go forward.
Heavy rains flooded streets here and led to the evacuation of some homes. Rain continued, intermittently, through Sunday, but the condition of the field looked much better than some streets.
"In our game, no matter what the circumstances are, this group is ready to go the extra mile, to make it happen tomorrow to get itself a win," Klinsmann said. "If it's raining, snowing, thunder or lightning, this is about football, where you play in any circumstances — wet, dry, heat, humidity. Both teams are on the field and will do the best, so we're not worried about that stuff at all."


Rounding challenges many third-grade students. They often forget if the number is rounded up or down, which number is the deciding number and why rounding is important. Math games that focus on rounding give kids an alternative method of practicing the skill. These games work well during center time, as a warm-up activity or as a filler activity at the end of math class.
This popular classroom game adapts easily to fit any educational concept. The basic premise starts with one child as the challenger. The rest of the class sits in a circle while the challenger stands next to one of the seated children. The teacher holds up a card for only those two students to answer. The first person to answer correctly wins and moves on to challenge the next person in the circle. The person who didn't win that round sits down. The goal is for a student to make it all the way around the circle in one turn by answering all of the questions first and correctly.
In this case, you would create a set of number cards. You hold up a card and the two players must say what number it would round to. For example, if you're working on rounding to the nearest 100 and the number card says 273, the first person to say "300" is the winner of that round. That player stands by the next student where the process is repeated. This helps kids think quickly about rounding in an entertaining format.
You'll need an open area to play this game to ensure the kids don't get hurt. If you don't have enough space in the classroom, move to the gym or cafeteria. Start with 11 baskets, tubs or other containers. Label the containers 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100. These are the rounding containers. You'll also need several cards with numbers that the students will round. You can use any number between 1 and 99, but skip the numbers on the baskets (10, 20, 30...). The number cards are scattered on the floor with the containers lined up along one side of the play area. One at a time, a student runs to the pile, grabs a number and places it the correct rounding container. For example, a card with 98 on it would go into the 100 container. The first student returns to the group and the next student repeats the process. At the end of the game, go through each container as a class to make sure all of the numbers were placed correctly. You also can modify this game to work with rounding to the nearest 100 or 1,000 by changing the container labels and number cards.
You'll need different colored dice for each place value you're using in this math game. For example, if you're rounding to the nearest 100, you'll need three dice. Assign each color to a certain place value. For example, red represents the ones place, blue represents the tens place and green represents the hundreds place. This makes it easy for the students to construct the same number. Working in small groups, one child rolls the dice. The students write down the resulting number based on the colors. They then round it to the nearest 100. The first child to get the answer gets a point.
Frost, Shelley. "Math Rounding Games for 3rd Graders." Synonym, https://classroom.synonym.com/math-rounding-games-3rd-graders-5903568.html. Accessed 23 April 2019.


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Home / News and publications / News / Battle for Caucasus /
THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION RESPONDED TO LOGGING IN SOCHI NATIONAL PARK
On October 18, WWF-Russia received the first official response from the authorities to its complaint about logging in the Solokh-Aul Forest Management Unit in Sochi National Park.
In according with Government Resolution No. 534 of June 25, 2013 "On the expansion of the Sochi National Park," the Solokh-Aul Forest Management Unit was included in the reservation area of Sochi National Park where logging is prohibited.
However, in 2017, the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Krasnodar Region organized two auctions of the rights to conclude contracts for the purchase and sale of the forest. In effect, this gave the buyer the legal right to conduct logging on this territory.
Deforestration in Solokh-Aul Forest Management Unit
(c)WWF-Russia
On August 30 2017, WWF-Russia appealed to Sergey Donskoy, the Minister of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, to designate this territory protected area, which would forbid any activity that ran counter to the aims and objectives of the National Park.
In its reply on October 18 2017, the ministry expressed serious concern regarding the situation and stated that it had referred the petition to the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation and the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources (Rosprirodnadzor).
WWF-Russia hopes that the authorities' next steps will put an end to the transfer of lands and stop logging in protected area.
Headline photo: (c) WWF-Russia
For additional information please contact
Elena Cherkasova