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The great and the good of advertising gathered last month in Dean Street, the iconic adland location, for a photo shoot showcasing famous addresses to celebrate Campaign's 50th anniversary.
Anyone wandering down Dean Street on the morning of Wednesday 5 September will have noticed that something unusual was going on. Aside from the traffic marshals and a camera crew with specialist lighting rigs cluttering the pavements, a host of adland's great had positioned themselves on the streets outside the Groucho. Of course, people spilling out of the club is not an unusual sight in the witching hours. But first thing in the morning?
This particular shot involved a lot of movement – Rupert Howell purposefully striding across Dean Street; Trevor Robinson stepping with a can of Tango in his hand to hail a cab; Ben Fennell gallantly holding Annette King's bags; Moray MacLennan stepping out of the Groucho. It's fair to say that when 'action' was called, not everyone managed to think and move at the same time so there were a number of takes.
For older readers, it was particularly gratifying to see John Perriss, the force behind the creation of Zenith Media and its former worldwide chief executive, make the trip down from Warwickshire to be in the shot, so early in the morning.
Over the road outside Sir John Hegarty's Garage Soho, the scene was equally busy. Philippa Brown is popping in, perhaps to see Kevin, with Colin Gottlieb not far behind her. Robin Wight in his distinctive bespoke purple ensemble gamely agreed to be snapped walking past the 'Girls, Girls, Girls' sign – purely coincidental, of course.
Robert Senior, formerly of this parish, had to do multiple takes cycling up the road, which appeared to be beginning to strain his patience (as well as that of those cabbies and lorry drivers attempting to make deliveries into the street). One especially nice touch from this shot is that Anna Carpen's actual selfie, which includes Cilla Snowball, Jenny Biggam and David Patton, can be found somewhere in the issue of the magazine.
Moving further up the road, a crowd gathers for a performance at the theatre. While Paul Weiland is at the front of the queue, some people have already managed to make it inside and are enjoying a drink on the balcony.
The theatre performance is not revealed but it must be pretty special if the crowd would rather see this than the buskers who are gathered outside – the founders of four of the best agencies that the UK has produced: Peter Mead, Martin Boase, Michael Wall and Chris Ingram. The least that Magnus Djaba can do is leave some money on behalf of the entire industry, given the legacy that they have given us.
It was at this point – later in the day of the shoot – that pedestrians who had been stopped by the traffic marshals began asking questions. "What's going on? Are you shooting anyone famous?" was the most common question. To which the answer was "well, yes".
The criteria for membership of Blacks is "that you are extraordinarily interesting and interested". An appropriate, place, then for the final shot on Dean Street – but also the most technically challenging given the number of people that were required in the shot. Blacks is a dog-friendly club so Mike Cooper gingerly handles a well-behaved miniature schnauzer, which only minutes earlier had been barking at a rival hound on the opposite side of the street.
The picture might have been taken outside Blacks, but blue seems to be the colour of choice for adland this year – Adrian Coleman and Charles Vallance sportingly don hi-viz jackets but quite naturally fall into the pose adopted by workmen the world over – the filming conducted by Jonathan Durden, Tess Alps and Rick Brim proving to be a more interesting distraction.
In total more than 70 of the most talented, most interesting, most creative and biggest names from advertising's past, present and future took part in this shoot. Name them, learn from them, cherish them.


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Section 1. De-mystifying Article 16 TFEU: yes, it is an appropriate legal basis for concluding international agreements on transfers of personal data
(Section 1 of the Analysis of the AG Opinion in the "PNR Canada" Case: unlocking an "unprecedented and delicate" matter)
Currently, the Council decision adopted for concluding the EU-Canada PNR agreement rests on two legal bases: Article 82(1)(d) TFEU – on judicial cooperation in criminal matters within the Union[1] and Article 87(2)(a) TFEU – on police cooperation in criminal matters within the Union[2], in conjunction with Articles 218(5) and 218(6)(a) TFEU – procedure to negotiate international agreements. In his Opinion on the EU-Canada PNR Agreement in 2013, the European Data Protection Supervisor questioned the choice of the legal basis and recommended that the proposal be based on Article 16 TFEU "as a comprehensive legal basis", in conjunction with the Articles on the procedure to conclude international agreements, considering that:
According to Article 1 of the Agreement, its purpose is to set out the conditions for the transfer and use of PNR data in order to, on the one hand, "ensure the security and safety of the public" and, on the other hand, "prescribe the means by which the data shall be protected". In addition, the vast majority of provisions of the Agreement relate to the latter objective, i.e. the protection of personal data, including data security and integrity. (EDPS Opinion on EU-Canada PNR, §8).
The European Parliament asked the Court in its request for an Opinion if the police cooperation and judicial cooperation articles are an appropriate legal basis, or if the act should be based on Article 16 TFEU.
Why it matters to have a correct legal basis
As the AG acknowledges, the choice of the appropriate legal basis for concluding an international agreement has "constitutional significance" (§40). "The use of an incorrect legal basis is therefore apt to invalidate the act concluding the agreement and thus to vitiate the European Union's consent to be bound by that agreement" (§40). Therefore, an act adopted on the wrong legal basis can be invalidated by the Court.
First of all, the AG recalled the settled case-law of the Court that the choice of legal basis for an EU measure "must rest on objective factors amenable to judicial review, which include the purpose and the content of that measure" (§61). He also recalled that if the measure pursues a twofold purpose, which can be differentiated into a predominant and an incidental purpose, "the act must be based on a single legal basis, namely, that required by the main or predominant purpose or component" (§61). The Court accepts only as an exception that an act may be founded on various legal bases corresponding to the number of objectives, if those are "inseparably linked, without one being incidental in relation to the other" (§62).
2. Are the two objectives of the Agreement inseparable?
The AG identifies the two objectives of the agreement – combating terrorism and other serious transnational crimes and respecting private life and the protection of personal data and he struggles to argue that the agreement "pursues two objectives and has two components that are inseparable" (§78) and he finds it difficult "to determine which of those objectives prevails over the other" (§79).
In my view, it is not difficult to identify the protection of personal data as the predominant purpose (think of causa proxima in legal theory) and the fight against terrorism as the incidental purpose (think of causa remota in legal theory).
In the Agreement, according to Article 1, "the Parties set out the conditions for the transfer and use of PNR data to ensure the security and safety of the public and prescribe the means by which the data is protected". In other words, first and foremost, the Agreement sets out rules for transferring and using PNR data, including by prescribing the means by which the data is protected (causa proxima). This is done to ultimately ensure the security and safety of the public (causa remota).
This conclusion is reinforced by the content of the Agreement, which manifestly contains rules mainly relating to the processing of personal data – Article 2 Definitions, Article 3 – Use of PNR data, Article 5 – Adequacy and in the Chapter titled Safeguards applicable to the use of PNR data", with Articles from 7 to 21, while the last 9 articles concern "implementing and final provisions" of a technical nature. It is also reinforced by the fact that the transfer of PNR data on the EU side is done from private companies and by the fact that, contrary to what the AG argues, the Agreement itself does not establish an obligation to transfer data.
The AG explains that "it is incorrect to claim that the agreement envisaged lays down no obligation for the airlines to transfer the PNR data to the Canadian competent authority" (§92). While he acknowledges that it is true that Article 4(1) of the Agreement states that the Union is to ensure only that air carriers "are not prevented" from transferring PNR data to the Canadian competent authority, he interprets that Article "in conjunction with Articles 5, 20 and 21 of the Agreement" in the sense that "air carriers are entitled and in practice required to provide the Canadian competent authority systematically with access to the PNR data for the purposes defined in Article 3 of the agreement envisaged" (§92).
In fact, Article 5 of the Agreement establishes that the Canadian Competent Authority "is deemed to ensure" an adequate level of data protection (therefore, indeed, air carriers would not be prevented to transfer data because of data protection concerns), Article 20 obliges the air carriers to use the "push method" when they transfer data and Article 21 sets out rules on the frequency of the requests of PNR data by the Canadian Competent Authority. While it is true that the last two articles set out rules for how the data should be transferred, neither contains a positive obligation for the air carriers to transfer the data.
Therefore, it seems to be in fact clear that the purpose of PNR arrangements like the one in the present case is to make sure that EU data protection law does not prevent air carriers to send data of travellers to authorities of third countries systematically, in bulk and without an ex ante control.
As the AG points out, "if Article 16 TFEU were taken as the sole legal basis of the act concluding the agreement envisaged, that would alter the status of the Kingdom of Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, as those Member States would then be directly and automatically bound by the agreement, contrary to Article 29 of the agreement envisaged" (§51). This would happen because the Agreement would not be placed anymore under the former third pillar (law enforcement, police and judicial cooperation), which would not give the right to Denmark, Ireland and UK to opt out of it. Therefore, the Agreement would automatically apply to all EU Member States. However, this argument should not play a role in deciding which is the appropriate legal basis, as it is not linked to the purpose or the content of the Agreement at all.
Nevertheless, the AG established that the purposes of fighting crime and respecting data protection rights are inseparable. This is in any case a valuable further step, considering that the Council and the Commission completely excluded Article 16 TFEU from the legal bases. So which are the appropriate legal bases the AG recommends?
3. The "judicial cooperation" Article, found to be irrelevant
The AG finds that "as currently drafted, the agreement envisaged does not really seem to contribute to facilitating cooperation between the judicial or equivalent authorities of the Member States" (§108), within the meaning of Article 82(1)(d) TFEU. He sees as incidental the possibility for judicial authorities of Canada to send in particular cases PNR data to judicial authorities in the EU, which would further contribute to judicial cooperation within the EU.
Interestingly, the AG mentions that this conclusion is not affected by the fact that the Council decisions concluding the PNR Agreements with US and Australia are also based on Article 82(1)(d). He reminds that "the legal basis used for the adoption of other Union measures that might display similar characteristics is irrelevant" (§109).
However, the fact remains that if Article 82(1)(d) is not a proper legal basis for the act concluding the EU-Canada PNR Agreement, it is most probably not a proper legal basis for the other EU acts concluding PNR Agreements.
4. The "police cooperation" Article, found to be relevant
Even if he saw that the agreement does not in fact facilitate judicial cooperation within the Union, the AG considers that, on another hand, it does facilitate police cooperation within the Union. To this end, he is building his argumentation mainly on Article 6 of the Agreement, which is the only one referring to "Police and judicial cooperation".
Indeed, as recalled in §105, "under Article 6(2) of the agreement envisaged Canada is required, at the request of, among others, the police or a judicial authority of a Member State of the Union, to share, in specific cases, PNR data or analytical information containing PNR data obtained under the agreement envisaged in order to prevent or detect 'within the European Union' a terrorist offence or serious transnational crime."
However, what the AG does not refer to in his analysis is the last sentence of Article 6(2) of the Agreement, which states that "Canada shall make this information available in accordance with agreements and arrangements on law enforcement, judicial cooperation, or information sharing, between Canada and Europol, Eurojust or that Member State". Therefore, sharing PNR data obtained by Canada from air carriers in the conditions set out in the Canada-PNR Agreement with Europol, Eurojust or a specific MS will be done in accordance with separate agreements. In conclusion, there are completely different agreements that have as purpose sharing of information to ensure both police and judicial cooperation between Canada and the competent authorities of the EU, which apply to sharing PNR data as well.
Finally, the AG considers that indeed Article 87(2)(a) is properly set out as legal basis of the act concluding the agreement envisaged, but he also states that it seems to him it is "insufficient to enable the Union to conclude that agreement". Therefore, he proposes the act concluding the Agreement to be also based on Article 16(2) TFEU.
This conclusion prompts a much expected first substantive analysis of the content of Article 16(2) TFEU in an act of the Court of Justice after the entering into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009.
5. Relevance of Article 16(2) TFEU to serve as legal basis for concluding the EU-Canada PNR Agreement
The AG recalls that "the content of the agreement envisaged supports that [data protection – my addition] objective, in particular the terms in the chapter on 'Safeguards applicable to the processing of PNR data', consisting of Articles 7 to 21 of the agreement envisaged" (§113). Therefore, he concludes that, in his view, "action taken by the Union must necessarily be based … on the first subparagraph of Article 16(2) TFEU, which, it will be recalled, confers on the Parliament and the Council the task of laying down the rules relating to the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data by, inter alia, the Member States when carrying out activities which fall within the scope of application of EU law and the rules relating to the free movement of such data" (§114).
The AG further develops the three main principles that underlie this approach.
Firstly, he reminds that the EU is competent to conclude international agreements in the field of data protection (Article 216(1) TFEU in conjunction with Article 16 TFEU). In addition, "there is no doubt that the terms of the agreement envisaged must be characterized as "rules" relating to the protection of the data of natural persons, within the meaning of the first subparagraph of Article 16(1) TFEU, and intended to bind the contracting parties" (§115). (Note: considering Article 16(1) does not have subparagraphs, probably there was an error of transcript and this reference should have been either to the first subparagraph of Article 16(2) or simply to Article 16(1)).
Secondly, the AG adds that the first subparagraph of Article 16(2) "is intended to constitute the legal basis for all rules adopted at EU level relating to the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of their personal data, including the rules coming within the framework of the adoption of measures relating to the provisions of the FEU Treaty on police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters" (§116). He explains thus why Article 16 TFEU is relevant even if the act concluding the Agreement would also be based on an Article providing for police cooperation.
Thirdly, and most importantly, the AG clearly states that Article 16(2) cannot be considered irrelevant for the agreement because the protecting measures which can be adopted under that Article relate to the processing of data by authorities of the Member States and not, as in this instance, to the transfer of data previously obtained by private entities (the air carriers) to a third country (§118). This is a key interpretation, because, indeed, the ad litteram wording of Article 16 is restrictive – it refers to putting in place rules by the Union regarding processing of personal data by:
Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and
By the Member States when carrying out activities which fall within the scope of Union law.
Applying Article 16 ad litteram would mean that the Union does not have the competence to regulate how private entities process data. As the AG convincingly explains, "to put a strictly literal interpretation on the new legal basis constituted by the first subparagraph of Article 16(2) TFEU would be tantamount to splitting up the system for the protection of personal data. Such an interpretation would run counter to the intention of the High Contracting Parties to create, in principle, a single legal basis expressly authorising the EU to adopt rules relating to the protection of the personal data of natural persons. It would therefore represent a step backwards from the preceding scheme based on the Treaty provisions relating to the internal market, which would be difficult to explain. That strictly literal interpretation of Article 16 TFEU would thus have the consequence of depriving that provision of a large part of its practical effect" (§119).
The AG concludes that the answer to the question about the legal basis is that "in the light of the objectives and the components of the agreement envisaged, which are inseparably linked, the act concluding that agreement must in my view be based on the first subparagraph of Article 16(2) TFEU and Article 87(2)(a) TFEU as its substantive legal bases" (§120).
Before going through the analysis of the compliance of the Agreement with Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter, it's worth having a look at one of the fundamental issues raised by the Agreement, but which, unfortunately, was only looked at briefly and with no consequence.
[1] "The European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures to:
(d) facilitate cooperation between judicial or equivalent authorities of the Member States in relation to proceedings in criminal matters and the enforcement of decisions."
[2] 1. The Union shall establish police cooperation involving all the Member States' competent authorities, including police, customs and other specialised law enforcement services in relation to the prevention, detection and investigation of criminal offences.
For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, may establish measures concerning:
(c) common investigative techniques in relation to the detection of serious forms of organised crime.
Posted in Comments, Europe, News, US and Canada
Tagged AG Mengozzi, Article 16 TFEU, Court of Justice, data protection, EU law, EU-Canada PNR Agreement, legal basis, Passenger Name Records, PNR, privacy
Section 3. An interference of "a not insignificant gravity": systematic, transforming all passengers into potential suspects and amounting to preemptive policing
In order to answer the first question raised by the Parliament in the proceedings before the Court – whether the Agreement complies with EU Primary law, and in particular with Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter, AG Mengozzi follows the classical test: is there an interference?[1] And if so, is the interference justified?[2]
Analyzing separately Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter, still a challenge
Even if the Court has recently started to analyze separately the rights protected by Article 7 (to respect for private life) and by Article 8 of the Charter (to the protection of personal data) – see the judgments in DRI and Schrems, the AG seems to hesitate again between the two rights. He starts his analysis on whether there is an interference with the two rights (§170) by recalling the older case-law of the Court which stated that the right to the protection of private life and the right to the protection of personal data are "closely connected" (Schecke, §47; ASNEF, §41).
First he finds that the PNR data "touches on the area of the privacy, indeed intimacy, of persons and indisputably relates to one or more identified or identifiable individual or individuals" (§170). Thus, in the same sentence, the AG brings PNR data within the scope of both Article 7 and Article 8 of the Charter. He further identifies different treatments of the data under the terms of the Agreement (§170):
– systematic transfer of PNR data to the Canadian public authorities,
– access to that data,
– the use of that data,
– its retention for a period of five years by those public authorities,
– its subsequent transfer to other public authorities, including those of third countries,
The AG states that all of the above are "operations which fall within the scope of the fundamental right to respect for private and family life guaranteed by Article 7 of the Charter and to the 'closely connected' but nonetheless distinct right to protection of personal data guaranteed by Article 8(1) of the Charter and constitute an interference with those fundamental rights" (§170).
Therefore, the AG does not differentiate here between what constitutes interference with the right to respect for private life and what constitutes interference with the right to the protection of personal data.
However, in the following paragraph, the AG does make such a differentiation, but only because he restates the findings of the Court in Digital Rights Ireland, even if this partly repeats some of the findings in §170: "the obligation to retain that data, required by the public authorities, and subsequent access of the competent national authorities to data relating to a person's private life also constitutes in itself an interference with the rights guaranteed by Article 7 of the Charter (he refers here to §34 and §35 of DRI in a footnote). Likewise, an EU act prescribing any form of processing of personal data constitutes an interference with the fundamental right, laid down in Article 8 of the Charter, to protection of such data (he refers here to §29 and §36 of DRI)" (§171).
There is not a lot of clarity transpiring from these two paragraphs, especially considering that §170 in fact refers to interference only with the first paragraph of Article 8 and not with the entire Article 8 (See also Section 4 of this analysis for additional comments prompted by this differentiation).
What is certain is that indeed there is an interference with both rights. The AG further notes the seriousness of that interference, indicating that he is fully aware of its severity:
"The fact nonetheless remains that the interference constituted by the agreement envisaged is of a considerable size and a not insignificant gravity. It systematically affects all passengers flying between Canada and the Union, that is to say, several tens of millions of persons a year. Furthermore, as most of the interested parties have confirmed, no one can fail to be aware that the transfer of voluminous quantities of personal data of air passengers, which includes sensitive data, requiring, by definition, automated processing, and the retention of that data for a period of five years, is intended to permit a comparison, which will be retroactive where appropriate, of that data with pre-established patterns of behaviour that is 'at risk' or 'of concern', in connection with terrorist activities and/or serious transnational crime, in order to identify persons not hitherto known to the police or not suspected. Those characteristics, apparently inherent in the PNR scheme put in place by the agreement envisaged, are capable of giving the unfortunate impression that all the passengers concerned are transformed into potential suspects" (§176).
Even though at this stage the AG acknowledges the severity of the interference with fundamental rights of PNR schemes, he deems it to be justified by necessity (See Section 5 of this analysis).
Finally, it is also notable to mention that the AG found that the procedures for collecting the data come within the competence of the air carriers, "which, in this regard, must act in compliance with the relevant national provisions and with EU law" (§178). He concludes that "the collection of the PNR data therefore does not constitute a processing of personal data entailing an interference with the fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter that results from the agreement envisaged itself. In the light of the limited power of the Court in the context of the opinion procedure, that operation will therefore not form the subject matter of the following developments" (§179).
[1] Dealt with in this section.
[2] Dealt with in Sections 4 and 5 of this analysis.
Tagged AG Mengozzi, AG Opinion in PNR Canada, Article 7 Charter, Article 8 Charter, Charter of Fundamental Rights, data protection, Passenger Name Records, PNR, PNR Canada, privacy
Section 4. Innovative thinking: Article 8(2) + Article 52(1) = conditions for justification of interference with Article 8(1) Charter
After establishing that the EU-Canada PNR Agreement allows for a particularly serious interference with the rights to respect for private life and to the protection of personal data, the AG goes on to analyze whether this interference is justified.
First, he establishes that neither of the two rights "is an absolute prerogative" (§181), meaning that their exercise can be limited. The AG recalls that "that limitations may be placed on the exercise of rights such as those enshrined in Article 7 and Article 8(1) of the Charter, provided that those limitations are provided for by law, that they respect the essence of those rights and that, subject to the principle of proportionality, they are necessary and genuinely meet objectives of general interest recognised by the Union or the need to protect the rights and freedoms of others" (§182).
Again, just like in §170, the AG refers only to limitations of the first paragraph of Article 8. Moreover, he specifies in the following paragraph that "Article 8(2) of the Charter permits the processing of personal data 'for specified purposes and on the basis of the consent of the person concerned or some other legitimate basis laid down by law'" (§183). He follows this only by stating that "with regard to one of the conditions set out in Article 8(2) of the Charter … the agreement envisaged does not seek to base the processing of the PNR data communicated to the Canadian competent authority on the consent of the air passengers" (§184).
This is why paragraph 188 comes as a surprise, because, after finding the essence of the two rights is not touched (see below), the AG states that "It is therefore necessary to ascertain whether the other conditions of justification provided for in Article 8(2) of the Charter and those laid down in Article 52(1) thereof, which, moreover, overlap in part, are satisfied" (§188).
To my knowledge, it is for the first time an Advocate General, or the Court for that matter, refers to the second paragraph of Article 8 of the Charter as prescribing "conditions for justification" of interferences with the right to the protection of personal data and equals them to those laid down in Article 52(1) of the Charter.
Such a hypothesis is not without merit from the outset, but it would need a more in depth justification than simply stating a couple of paragraphs above that Article 8(2) of the Charter only allows processing of data only for specified purposes and if it is based on consent or has another legitimate basis laid down by law. For instance, if indeed we were to consider that any processing of personal data constitutes an interference with Article 8 (this finding by the Court in DRI has some faults worthy of academic attention, but for the moment we have to work with it), then it would make sense to see the conditions for having a lawful basis for processing as being conditions for justifying the "interference" with the right to the protection of personal data.
Moreover, a separate analysis of whether the conditions in Article 8(2) are satisfied does not follow. The AG merely states in §189 that the conditions from Article 52(1) for the interference to be provided for by law and to meet objectives of general interest are equivalent with the "expression used in Article 8(2)" – having a "legitimate basis", and they are "manifestly satisfied" (§189).
As for the essence of the two rights, the AG recalls that neither of the parties did not invoke before the Court that the interference harms the essence of the two fundamental rights (§185).
With regard to the essence of Article 7, he further explains that "the nature of the PNR data forming the subject matter of the agreement envisaged does not permit any precise conclusions to be drawn as regards the essence of the private life of the persons concerned. The data in question continues to be limited to the pattern of air travel between Canada and the Union" (§186). The AG also refers in this context to the "masking" and gradual "depersonalization" of the data as guarantees to preserve private life (§186).
With regard to the essence of Article 8, the AG mentions that "under Article 9 of the agreement envisaged, Canada is required, in particular, to 'ensure compliance verification and the protection, security, confidentiality and integrity of the data', and also to implement 'regulatory, procedural or technical measures to protect PNR data against accidental, unlawful or unauthorised access, processing or loss'. In addition, any breach of data security must be amenable to effective and dissuasive corrective measures which might include sanctions" (§187). Unfortunately, the AG does not expand on the concept of the essence of the right to the protection of personal data and does not depart from what the Court indicated in Digital Rights Ireland at §40, restricting the essence of Article 8 mainly to the presence of data security measures.
Concluding that the essence of the two rights is not touched upon, the AG further analyzes the proportionality and the necessity of the interference.
Tagged AG Mengozzi, AG Opinion in PNR Canada case, data protection, essence of fundamental rights, EU Charter, EU data protection law, interference with fundamental rights, Passenger Name Records, PNR, privacy
Section 5. The awkward two level necessity test that convinced the AG PNR schemes are acceptable
After he establishes that the Court should carry out "a strict review of compliance with the requirements resulting from the principle of proportionality, and more particularly, from the adequacy of the level of protection of the fundamental rights guaranteed in the Union when Canada processes and uses the PNR data pursuant to the agreement envisaged" (§200), the AG further assesses if the interference is "strictly necessary".
He considers the "strict necessity" test as a component of the proportionality test, together with "the ability of the interference to achieve the 'public security' objective pursued by the Agreement".
With regard to the latter criterion, the AG does not believe "there are any real obstacles to recognising that the interference constituted by the agreement envisaged is capable of attaining the objective of public security, in particular the objective of combating terrorism and serious transnational crime" (§205). "As the United Kingdom Government and the Commission, in particular, have claimed, the transfer of PNR data for analysis and retention provides the Canadian authorities with additional opportunities to identify passengers, hitherto not known and not suspected, who might have connections with other persons and/or passengers involved in a terrorist network or participating in serious transnational criminal activities" (§205).
In addition, the AG finds the statistics provided by the Commission and the UK relevant to find that "the data constitutes a valuable tool for criminal investigations" (§205). He reaches this conclusion in spite of the fact that at §151, when summarizing the contributions of the parties before the Court, the AG recalls that "The Commission accepts that there are no precise statistics indicating the contribution which PNR data makes to the prevention and detection of crime and terrorism, and to the investigation and prosecution of offences of those types."
With regard to the strict necessity of the interference, the AG establishes that its assessment "entails ascertaining whether the contracting parties have struck a 'fair balance' between the objective of combating terrorism and serious transnational crime and the objective of protecting personal data and respecting the private life of the persons concerned" (§207), by making a reference to §77 of the Schecke judgment. That paragraph in Schecke seems to me to establish a different principle – namely that, when balancing two opposing rights, one of which is the right to the protection of personal data, it must be taken into account that "derogations and limitations in relation to the protection of personal data must apply only in so far as is strictly necessary"[1].
Notwithstanding, the AG follows by stating that "the terms of the agreement envisaged must also consist of the measures least harmful to the rights recognised by Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter, while making an effective contribution to the public security objective pursued by the agreement envisaged" (§208). He explains:
"That means that it is not sufficient to imagine, in the abstract, the existence of alternative measures that would be less intrusive in the fundamental rights at issue. Those alternative measures must also be sufficiently effective, that is to say, their effectiveness must, in my view, be comparable with those provided for in the agreement envisaged, in order to attain the public security objective pursued by that agreement" (§208).
In quite a big leap, AG Mengozzi relies for this twofold test for necessity on a paragraph in the Schwartz judgment, §53, which states that "the Court has not been made aware of any measures which would be both sufficiently effective in helping to achieve the aim of protecting against the fraudulent use of passports and less of a threat to the rights recognised by Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter than the measures deriving from the method based on the use of fingerprints."
This twofold test is not used in any of the most recent landmark judgments of the Court – DRI, which relies greatly on the analysis of the condition of "necessity", and Schrems. However, looking at strict necessity through this lens of proportionality and equivalent effectiveness persuaded the AG to conclude that PNR schemes, even if they constitute the kind of interference he accurately described in §176, are acceptable.
Comparing the wealth of PNR data to data collected usually for border control purposes by immigration authorities, including Advance Passenger Information and information collected by Canadian authorities for their eVA program, the AG concluded that "data of that type (API, eVA – my note) does not reveal information about the booking methods, payment methods used and travel habits, the cross-checking of which can be useful for the purposes of combating terrorism and other serious transnational criminal activities. Independently of the methods used to process that data, the API and the data required for the issue of an eVA are therefore not sufficient to attain with comparable effectiveness the public security objective pursued by the agreement envisaged" (§214).
The AG further justifies that PNR data of all passengers are transferred to the Canadian authorities, "even though there is no indication that their conduct may have a connection with terrorism or serious transnational crime" (215) by arguing that "as the interested parties have explained, the actual interest of PNR schemes, whether they are adopted unilaterally or form the subject matter of an international agreement, is specifically to guarantee the bulk transfer of data that will allow the competent authorities to identify, with the assistance of automated processing and scenario tools or predetermined assessment criteria, individuals not known to the law enforcement services who may nonetheless present an 'interest' or a risk to public security and who are therefore liable to be subjected subsequently to more thorough individual checks" (§216).
He finds at §244, referring to the fact that the Agreement involves transfers of data of all passengers between the Union and Canada, irrespective of whether they are suspects or not, that "no other measure which, while limiting the number of persons whose PNR data is automatically processed by the Canadian competent authority, would be capable of attaining with comparable effectiveness the public security aim pursued by the contracting parties has been brought to the Court's attention in the context of the present proceedings".
The AG therefore concluded that "generally, the scope ratione personae of the agreement envisaged cannot be limited further without harming the very object of the PNR regimes" (§245).
Another characteristic of PNR schemes that is generally considered questionable – the lack of an ex ante control of access to PNR data, is found justifiable by the AG in the light of the "fair balance" test for strict necessity: "the appropriate balance that must be struck between the effective pursuit of the fight against terrorism and serious transnational crime and respect for a high level of protection of the personal data of the passengers concerned does not necessarily require that a prior control of access to the PNR data must be envisaged" (§269).
Therefore, the idea of PNR schemes seems to be compatible with the fundamental rights to data protection and respect for private life, in the view of AG Mengozzi. However, the list of conditions he develops for the Agreement in the current case to be fully compliant with EU primary law is quite long and quite strict and it bears bad news for other similar arrangements.
[1] §77 of Schecke states this: "It is thus necessary to determine whether the Council of the European Union and the Commission balanced the European Union's interest in guaranteeing the transparency of its acts and ensuring the best use of public funds against the interference with the right of the beneficiaries concerned to respect for their private life in general and to the protection of their personal data in particular. The Court has held in this respect that derogations and limitations in relation to the protection of personal data must apply only in so far as is strictly necessary (Satakunnan Markkinapörssi and Satamedia, paragraph 56)."
Tagged AG Mengozzi, CJEU, data protection, EU-Canada PNR, necessity test, Passenger Name Records, privacy
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Seeing them every morning in childhood, their upright oange stalks standing guard as the white flowers kissed the green grass, I fell in love with the tree. It took me three years to locate it here! Fir me, it brings the feeling of home, perhaps one before I was born?
A few days ago, the tree called to me at 3am: brahma muhurta. I looked out and saw the moon exchanging glances of light with the flowers, glowing in the pre-dawn dark. I don't think I had seen the tree in full bloom before and I realized I now have a chance to see them blossoming and falling to Mother Earth.
Laying out sheets to catch the falling flowers, I sat below the tree and meditated.
In the still night, I heard a rustle.
That is when I realized that even a flower so delicate that it wilts in a day, can make a sound as it high-fives each leaf it passes on its way down to the ground. The leaves of this tree are rough, yet they don't damage the flower. Many offer a resting place for the flowering blossom before a gust of wind blows it off.
One fell, then another. In ones, and twos and groups, they rained down on and around me. I sensed no sorrow. Only bliss in this flowerfall meditation.
Is there a purpose to a life lived for so short a while? Is the flower living while on the tree or on the ground? Only the tree, flowering every season, knows. Only Mother Earth, nurturing and supporting its roots, can tell.
Meanwhile, every part if the tree is medicinal. No wonder this is said to be one of the five trees in heaven, brought down to Earth by Lord Krishna.
The flower's fragrance has been captured, and I am attempting to do so. Tea made from the leaves can treat arthritis, sciatica, fever, pain, constipation, anxiety and rheumatism.
"The entire tree including its leaves, flowers, bark, seeds and stem is known to have amazing medicinal properties to treat arthritis, dengue, sciatica and many more ailments .
Ancient scriptures describe that the harshringhar tree emerged during the churning of the cosmic ocean (sagar manthan) and was planted in the Garden of the Gods (Nandavanam) in their cekestial dwellung (Svargloka). The Bhagavat Purana describes this as one of the five sacred trees (Panchavriksha) . Others are Mandara, Santana, Kalpa-Vriksha and Hari -Chandana.
Since its flowers fall, it's called nycthanthus arbortristis: the tree of sorrow, Since its fragrance blossoms at night, it's sometimes called the night jasmine.
©2017 Meenakshi Suri. All rights reserved.
Posted on November 16, 2017 November 16, 2017 by Gaia ConsciousnessPosted in BlogTagged bliss, harsinghar, parijat, trees.
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NFL Team Previews: New York Giants
The Giants are a boom or bust team in 2019.
by Metti
Arizona Cardinals Preview
San Francisco 49ers Preview
New York Jets Preview
Oakland Raiders Preview
Tampa Bay Buccaneers Preview
2018 Season Review: 5-11 (4th in NFC East)
Just an awful fucking year for the Giants that started with the draft. Isn't it kind of obvious that Eli Manning is not good anymore? I guess not for David Gettleman. I mean I love Saquan Barkley but the Giants passed on potential franchise QBs like Sam Darnold, Josh Allen, and Josh Rosen to start off their 2018 season. Those QBs may not have helped them last year, but this year could have been a potential big year for those guys to take over from Eli Manning, or at the very least they get one more year to learn behind a Super Bowl winning QB.
Instead they drafted Saquan and he was ironically, the only bright spot for this whole team. Barkley dominated from game one and proved he is a ridiculous, one of a kind talent. Barkley finished 2018 with 1,307 yards on 261 rushes with 11 TDs. He also added 721 yards on 91 receptions with 4 TDs. Christian McCaffery and Alvin Kamara both want to hit the 1,000 yard mark in both rushing and receiving, I think you can add Barkley to that list of guys who have a chance.
Other than Barkley, there wasn't much on offense to be excited about as Giants fan. Eli Manning threw for 4,299 yards with 21 TDs and 11 INTs. The 11 INTs wasn't bad but only 21 TDs doesn't cut it in New York. Manning got help from Barkley and Sterling Shepard who had a mini break out year with 872 yards and 4 TDs, but his two biggest weapons Odell Beckham and Evan Engram only played in 12 and 11 games respectively.
Odell finished the season with over 1,000 yards and 6 TDs but it never seemed like him and Eli got on track. All year you were ready for Odell to breakout and it never happened. Odell was also this constant media distraction for the team. I am not sure if it had any effective on the locker room but every time you turned on ESPN, FOX, or NFL Network and Giants talk was going in, it seemed like it was negative talk on Odell. On his relationship with Eli and HC Pat Shurmur.
Evan Engram meanwhile, the highly drafted TE out of Ole Miss, kept missing games with injuries but was effective when he was in. He finished the year with 45 catches for 577 yards and 4 TDs.
The Giants offensive line was pretty putrid as well. Their OL gave up 47 sacks which was good for 10th worst in the league. I mean I guess it doesn't help when your QB is Eli but still, not good. The Giants offense as a whole finished 16th in league with 23.1 PPG.
The defense also didn't do the Giants any favor either. The defense two years ago was very good before they ran into Green Bay in the playoffs. Well apparently the Packers broke them because they gave up 25.8 PPG in 2018 and only managed 30 sacks which was second to last in the league. Oddly enough, they were tied with New England in that stat. They actually had a positive turnover differential at 2, force 16 INTs and forcing 5 fumbles. The Giants pass defense was pretty when looking at yardage, they gave up 252.8 yards passing per game, good for 23rd in the league while also giving up 118.6 rushing yards per game which was good for 20th in the league.
The Giants also had no play makers on defense. Landon Collins regressed a little bit but still got a huge pay day. Olivier Vernon was brought in but he only played 11 games. Funny enough, he still led the team in sacks with 7.0 on the year. That just shows how much the Giants need a pass rush in 2019.
Key Off Season Acquisitions
WR Golden Tate (4 years, $37.5 Million)
Noah K. Murray-USA TODAY Sports
This was a head scratching move, even though Golden Tate is a very good player. The Giants lost OBJ in a trade, and then turned around and signed Tate who is very much in the same mold of Sterling Shepard. Not sure what GM David Gettleman was thinking here, which will be a common theme throughout this preview. It'll be interesting to see what type of offense Pat Shurmur decides to unveil with Golden Tate, Shepard, and Evan Engram as guys who all play well from the slot/middle of the field. However, Tate will bring some edge to this offense and won't be a distraction like OBJ was to the media. Tate will do everything right and be a huge help in the running game as he is a great run-blocking WR.
S Jabrill Peppers (via trade with the Cleveland Browns)
Giants lost Landon Collins. Giants needed help at Safety. Giants bring in a solid young former 1st round pick in Jabrill Peppers. Peppers may be a bit undersized for some at the safety position but he is an athletic freak and needs some help to unleash his full potential. Peppers hasn't played bad with Browns at all, but he also has been great like the Browns probably expected when the took him in the first round out of Michigan. The Giants saved money and will probably get the same kind of production from Peppers that they did from Collins.
G Kevin Zeitler (via trade with the Cleveland Browns)
Zeitler was also a big get for the Giants in the Olivier Vernon trade and will play RG for them. The Giants two right guards last year, Patrick Omameh and Jamon Brown, were pretty bad. Those two guys allowed 39 pressures in 14 games last year. Zeitler on the other hand only allowed 11 all season and was ranked as the best pass-blocking guard by PFF. He was rated as the 6th overall guard by PFF in the 2018 season. Zeitler and Willie Hernandez at LG could arguably be one of the best guard combos in the league.
Round 1 Pick #6: QB Daniel Jones
We're back to what the fuck was Dave Gettleman thinking. Gettleman loved Daniel Jones out of Duke he passed up on guys like Josh Allen and Ed Oliver who would help this team out immediately. Now if two years from now, Jones is a pro bowl type QB then everybody will eat their words, but I feel like that won't happen for one main reason: Eli Manning. Eli is on the downside of his career and if the Giants aren't winning early on, as much as Giants fans probably hate the Daniel Jones they are going to be clamoring for him to play. Daniel Jones does not look ready to play in NFL at all. He needs at least a year or two of sitting before I'd throw him out there but I don't think Jones is going to get that luxury. The good thing for Jones is he'll already have the pieces around him to succeed. A great RB, two very good WRs, and a good pass catching TE with an OL that should be improved.
Jones does a bring a big prototypical pocket passing QB body coming it at 6'5″ and 221 pounds. He threw for 2,674 yards with a 60.5% completion percentage, 22 TDs and 9 INTs. The surprise for his size, he he also ran for 319 yards and 3 TDs which will help him out in the NFL. He never flashed at Duke and looked like a star at QB. Honestly, he reminds me of every big body QB that comes out of NC State.
Round 1 Pick #17: DT Dexter Lawrence
Big boy here, 6'4″ and 342 LBS from a dominate Clemson DL. Lawrence did miss Clemsons two playoff games because he tested positive for a performance-enhancing drug but in 13 games he still racked up 44 tackles, 7.5 TFL, 1.5 sacks, and 3 pass breakups. Lawrence is a big body that will be more of a run stuffer for the Giants but he should help solidify a DL that really has no standouts. The Giants play a 3-4 so we'll see where they plug Lawrence in for the majority of his time on the field. At Clemson they played a 4-3 so this will be a change for Lawrence who could line up as a DE most of the time. He'll be starting from day 1 for the Giants.
Round 1 Pick #30: CB Deandre Baker
Baker wasn't the most talked about DB coming into the draft but he was a first team All-American and won the Jim Thorpe Award for the nations top DB in college football in 2018. The Giants traded back up into the first round to take baker as the only CB in the first round. Baker slipped a bit apparently because of some bad interviews but the Giants must of had a good one with him or just didn't care. Baker should also be starting day 1 opposite Janoris Jenkins.
Key Off Season Departures
Photo by: Matt Florjancic
WR Odell Beckham Jr. (traded to the Cleveland Browns)
The obvious departure here, OBJ was the Giants only play-maker for the past few years. I guess his antics and personality wore thin on HC Pat Shurmur and everybody else inside the Giants offices. For one, OBJ antics were way over exaggerated and blown up by the media because of the star he is. He was for all accounts a great teammate according to the players in the locker room and he really didn't do much that other players in the league already do. The kicking net thing was a little overblown, but his outburst of emotions were no different then what you see a guy like Tom Brady do sometimes. The Giants will need to replace his play-making and production from the past few years, and there's not a guy on the roster who can do that all by himself. Saquan is only one guy, they need someone else to step up.
S Landon Collins (signed in free agency by the Washington Redskins)
The Giants replace Collins with Jabrill Peppers in the OBJ trade and I'm not sure the Giants are going to miss Collins. I'm sure they would have loved to have kept him but the Redskins threw a ridiculous amount of money at Collins nobody else was going to match. Dude got way overpaid, good for him.
OLB Olivier Vernon (traded to the Cleveland Browns)
Vernon was the Giants leading sacker and he only played 11 games. They have done nothing to replace Vernon's production. Drafting Dexter Lawerence might help some guys get more one on one looks but in now way do the Giants have a pass rusher that scares you now that Vernon is gone.
The Giants are a boom or bust team in 2019. They have the weapons and OL on offense to be succesfull, but you can't trust Eli Manning to play a Pro Bowl level. He hasn't shown it in the past few years so there's not reason to think he'll all the sudden come out of his funk and start playing to that level but he'll need to.
The Giants defense is also going to struggle. They don't have a deep secondary or LB corps, their DL is probably the best unit but even that is short is on talent and they have zero pass rushers that scare you coming into the year. Hopefully for Giants fans some guy comes out of nowhere and is able to get constant pressure on the QB for them.
For those reasons on offense and defense this season success comes down to one thing for me: Saquan Barkley and the offensive line. If the Giants make the playoffs, it will be because Saquan has an MVP type season behind and OL that gels together and becomes one of the NFL best. If the OL plays that well, then that means they're protecting Eli Manning and his old ass can sit in the pocket and make some plays. Manning can still throw for 25 -30 TDs but he needs help from a successful running game and great protection. Without that Manning is going to look like trash and this team will implode quickly.
GM David Gettleman really had a chance to help this team win sooner than later. He got some good assets back in both trades with Browns but screwed up the immediate future of this team by taking Daniel Jones at 6. Again, if Jones becomes a Pro Bowl QB then all is forgiven but most people agree that won't happen. Gettleman could have take Josh Allen or Ed Olivier at 6 and gotten a pass rusher they were missing after Vernon was gone. Stacking that defensive line with two great prospects would have done wonders for that Giants defense. Instead, this defense is really empty up and front and in the middle.
The 2019 season could be VERY ugly for the Giants. If they don't get out to a fast start and Manning is playing bad the New York fans are going to be wanting to see Jones play, every though they didn't want him. If Jones sucks when he gets in also, his career could be over after one year. Gettleman gets fired. Shurmur gets fired. Manning is done. The Giants are in full rebuild with a star RB going into 2020. That is a very real reality for the New York Giants and their fan base.
The NFC East gets to play the AFC East and NFC North this year. The Giants getting last in their division get to also play the Buccaneers and Cardinals to round out their schedule.
The Giants being an NFC East team are obviously going to get a shit ton of prime time games they don't deserve. Kick it off in Week 1, they get the late afternoon prime time game in Dallas against the Cowboys. They play at New England on Thursday Night in Week 6, they get Dallas at home in Week 9 on Monday Night Football, and then also play the Eagles on Monday night football in Week 14. Surprisingly, they don't get a Sunday Night Football game but if they prove to be in anyway decent, they play the Bears and Packers in Week 12 and 13 which the NFL would probably love to flex.
As for divisional opponents, they don't play the Eagles for the first time until Week 14 and then end the season with them at home. The Redskins they get in Week 4 and then in Week 16, while the Cowboys they play Weeks 1 and 9.
The Giants get a good bye week in Week 11, and then after that they alternate with away and home games. All in all they got a pretty good draw. They play three of their first four games against winnable teams and I can't believe I'm saying this but they have a decent shot at being 3-1 going into their Week 4 home game against Minnesota. What a world.
Fantasy Player You Want
Other than Saquan? I have to go with Evan Engram. If he can stay healthy, Engram should be a top 5 TE in fantasy football. He's a glorified WR that lines up at TE, he's a guy the Giants can exploit match-ups with and behind Sterling Shepard he's got the best rapport with Eli Manning.
Fantasy Player You Should Avoid
Going with Golden Tate here. Tate is a good WR but he's never been the most fantasy relevant guy. In New York, he'll probably be the fourth option in this offense behind Barkley, Engram, and Shepard. Combine that with people hating this teams offense, and them jumping on Tate as "name" to have in the Giants offense, I think he could get drafted way earlier than he should.
This Giants team is all on Eli Manning's shoulders. You can criticize them all you want about trading Odell but this offense still has weapons with Shepard, Tate, Engram, and Barkley. They do get the AFC East which is the weakest division in football, but they also play the NFC North which is arguably the toughest division in football. I'll give the Giants and break here and say they would potentially win 7 games this year but they'll need to get off to a hot start to reach that. Divisional games are up for grabs, if you take that into effect the only real for sure loss I see for this team in the first 10 weeks in at New England.
If Eli Manning sucks, which is more likely than anything, this team could fall apart quickly. Daniel Jones does not look like an NFL ready player and it could get worse if they put him in. I can see this team winning just 3 games if things go bad for them early.
From draftdiamonds.com
Tagsgiants • New York • new york giants
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Home » Celebrities » Clare Crawley Gets Medical Advice From Fans After Dale Moss Hits Her Head
Clare Crawley Gets Medical Advice From Fans After Dale Moss Hits Her Head
Oops! Clare Crawley turned to her fans for advice after fiancé Dale Moss accidentally hit her head on the ceiling.
Clare and Dale's Relationship Timeline So Far
The former Bachelorette, 39, posted an Instagram video of the cringe-worthy moment on Sunday, January 10. "It's fine, I'm fine," she captioned the clip.
A post shared by Clare Crawley (@clarecrawley)
In the video, Moss, 32, lifted Crawley off the ground, knocking her head into the ceiling in the process. He then cradled her head in his hands before she jokingly fell to the floor. "Clare's concussed," he quipped, offering her a hand and kissing her forehead.
"You did that on purpose," she teased, hitting him. He replied, "I would never do it on purpose."
Former 'Bachelorette' Winners: Where Are They Now?
Crawley asked fans via her Instagram Story on Saturday, January 9, "How do you know you have a concussion?"
The reality star was not pleased with the responses. "I definitely shouldn't have read my DMs. I feel like it is one step away from WebMD in there, and people are telling me I shouldn't be falling asleep, I need to go to the ER," she explained in a series of Instagram Story videos on Sunday. "I'm just — What?"
She added: "In all fairness, I asked you guys and you answered, which I appreciate. But I'm a hypochondriac so it's like, 'Do I need to go to the ER?'"
Clare Crawley's Dating History
Crawley and Moss met during season 16 of The Bachelorette. They got engaged early in filming and left the show together. Tayshia Adams then replaced the hairstylist and accepted a proposal from Zac Clark later in the season.
The Bachelor Winter Games alum and the former football player sparked marriage speculation in December 2020. "Nothing makes me happier than grocery shopping with my husband," she said on her Instagram Story at the time.
In a separate post, she clarified that the two were still merely engaged. "Slip of the tongue!" she wrote. "We aren't married!"
Crawley admitted during a November 2020 episode of The Bachelorette that she took offense to the backlash surrounding the quick nature of their relationship. "I think I'd be lying if I said it didn't hurt me because here is something that I finally found that makes me so incredibly happy, like, to my core," she noted, holding back tears. "To finally feel this type of love that I have been craving and wanting, I just wish people could be happy for us."
Tagged Adv, clare, Crawley, gets, medical
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The continuous changes in the fashion bring out newer styles for the people into the stores daily. Several years back, plus size Women were never considered in any such changes. Today, there is always something for them too to enjoy. One needs to have facts on the existence of trendy plus size clothing for women so that they understand better how the things have changed.
It has taken the effort of designers to put into consideration this category of women. It is them who have enabled these women to feel beautiful. Today, just like another individual, these ladies have an opportunity to clad on any trendy outfit that seems good to them since they have a wide variety to choose from. They range from dresses, office wears, and even casual wears.
Dresses have for the longest time in history been viewed as the only form of cladding that was for this category of ladies. They were shaped less and ugly. However, designers have opted to retain this attire but added more interesting and captivating features on them. For example, there are those that are tight enough to take the shape of the upper body and flare at the bottom.
If you are extra proud of your legs, designers have been able to come up with the perfect short dress that can be clinging perfectly well on your curves at the same time it will be short enough to showcase your nice flawless legs. There mostly are those that have short sleeves and others being sleeveless for those wanting their skin to be well seen by the rest.
The common kind of designs that was done in the past were meaningless buggy dresses. However, there are nice blouses that they can put on and feel part of those in line with newer fashion styles. Designers have made this tops in a manner that they will be able to make them appear a bit skinny.
The downward length of the blouse is dependable on the how one will like it to be. There are those who are conservative and will not want to expose much of their curves and will go for the long ones while the other group prefers the short ones that will make their assets well presented. There are the V-neck ones that will allow one to showcase their beautiful cleavage and bust making them more comfortable and full of confidence.
They seem not to have been left behind when it comes to casual wear. They have a variety of options they can comfortably settle for. There are skinny jeans that look perfectly good in them if they fit well and are not excessively tight. They come as plain, rugged or in denim styles. They are also free to put on bootcut jeans that have been perfectly designed to fit them.
The speed that fashion is going with can make it a huddle for one to keep up with. However, all those interested in it will find a way of keeping up with it. One observation is that it has for the past few years shown how important curvaceous women are and something will be there for them.
If you are trying to find a credible supplier of trendy plus size clothing just go and check our online store. Here you can see our latest catalog at http://terrymacc.com today.


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The annual Sustainable City Awards returned to the greenest university in London this week.
At the eighth instalment of the awards, staff from across the university were recognised for going the extra mile in their green efforts, which were set out in the Sustainable City Challenge.
The City-wide contest aims to empower staff to take an active role in improving the sustainability efforts of the university, by encouraging them to make green actions, enter competitions and run their own sustainability projects or campaigns.
With 17 awards up for grabs, this year's ceremony saw a whole host of creative ideas, including designated points for electrical recycling, item swap events to bike cycling schemes.
The Extra Mile Project of the Year Award went to a combination of DARO, Marketing & Communications and Elena Uderzo (BSc midwifery), for their project The Big City Swap, where staff would be able to swap unwanted goods with each other – all unwanted goods would then be donated to charity.
Mickella said: "The Big City Swap allows us to donate money or swap our once loved items with colleagues around the university, in an effort to limit waste pollution.
"Colleagues brought in clothes, books and homeware and could either swap their items for something else or simply donate money to the cause. All of the left over items were then given to Traid, a textile reusable charity, and any funds raised were donated to African Mothers.


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Torah Portion and Tanach keyboard_arrow_right
Tetzave
The Torah study is dedicated in the memory of
Bayle' finkle bat yocheved
Parshat Tetzaveh
Remembering Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda
Remembering Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda. We find ourselves once again faced with the question, how is it possible to educate others concerning the importance of the completeness Land of Israel, while at the same time stressing the importance of the complete unity of the People of Israel?
1. The Priestly Vestments
2. Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook, zt"l
The Priestly Vestments
God commands Moses: "Make holy vestments for your brother Aaron which are both dignified and beautiful." Later we bear witness to the great attention which the Torah pays to the clothing of the high priest, Aaron. We find much care being taken when it comes to the style of the vestments - they are to be beautiful and embroidered with precious jewels. They are to be knit with exquisite threads: gold, sky-blue, dark red and crimson wool, and linen - the work of an artist.
Truthfully, the great attention given to the clothing of Aaron comes as quite a surprise. We are accustomed to thinking of pious people as remarkable in their inner, spiritual side, and not the sorts to stand out with beautiful clothes. Preoccupation with exterior beauty is foreign to them. What's more, we find the sages of the Talmud voicing criticism of the Babylonian rabbis because they were noted for their fine clothing. Why, then, does God trouble Himself to assure the outer beauty of none other than the high priest?
The chapter of the priestly vestments intends to drive home the essential point that everything must be anchored in sanctity. Beauty, gracefulness, splendor, and glory must all flow from the wellspring of holiness. The Holy Temple is the splendor of the world, for it is the source of the world's beauty. The high priest is obligated to receive a hair-cut each week. He is obligated to appear before God in the height of his beauty.
In the case of the high priest, beauty stems from holiness and purity. This sort of beauty can only appear in the height of its perfection; one must be careful that absolutely nothing is lacking. All of existence evolves from the source of holiness, and when our physical world is connected to its source it must appear in flawless beauty, in glory, and in splendor.
When, though, there is a severance between the physical world and its holy source, beauty becomes like a "gold ring in the nose of a pig, a beautiful woman lacking purpose." Without purpose beauty possesses no value. Indeed, it constitutes a deficiency. Therefore, because we, the Jewish people, chased after the world's external beauty, and neglected the inner bond to the true source of beauty, we were exiled from our land and distanced from normal, natural life. We ascended to an inner, spiritual, abstract life, completely detached from the outer, natural aspects of existence. For the sake of purification, we were forced to confine ourselves to "the four cubits of the Law."
Yet we long for perfection. Our eyes are to the great future which awaits us, in which we will merit a complete and perfect union with the source of holiness, the source of all existence. Then there will be a complete appearance of life in all its glory and beauty, in all its splendor. Then the holy light will shine in all fullness, illuminating all of existence.
Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook, zt"l
(Parshat Tetzaveh is generally read on the Sabbath before Purim, the anniversary of the death of Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook, zt"l. Therefore, on Sabbath Parshat Tetzaveh Rabbi Melamed makes a practice of recalling Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda's approach to Torah, community leadership, and the education of his many students.)
We find ourselves once again faced with the question, how is it possible to educate others concerning the importance of the completeness of the Land of Israel, while at the same time stressing the importance of the complete unity of the People of Israel? On the face of things it would appear that the stubborn and extremist stance which expresses a lack of willingness to give up even an inch of the Land of Israel is the very factor responsible for the rift in the nation.
In addition, we ask ourselves, how is it possible to educate the masses towards the complete and unyielding fulfillment of all Mitzvoth , even the most seemingly insignificant, and at the same time educate towards the love of all Jews, even those who are estranged from the Torah and Mitzvoth? Does not this sort of guidance contain something of an inconsistency?
And on top of all this, how, we painfully ask, can we continue to show respect for the State of Israel and view it as the "first burgeoning of our Redemption," the foundation of God's throne in the world? Why, not only is it made up of many who are distant from the Torah, it is lead and its direction determined by Jews who have abandoned the Torah all together.
Indeed, it was towards this seemingly impossible end that Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook educated. Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda proved that not only is it possible to educate towards all of these values together - it is the only way to educate. He taught us, his students, that the Torah, the Nation of Israel, and the Land of Israel are completely interdependent. The Nation of Israel cannot exist without the Torah and the Torah cannot exist without the Nation of Israel. Similarly, the Nation of Israel and the Torah cannot exist without the Land of Israel, and there can be no Land of Israel without the Nation of Israel and the Torah. The completeness of the Torah depends on the completeness of the Nation and the Land.
Our master's love of the Land was beyond compromise; Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda stood opposed to even the slightest forfeiture of land. This extreme love of his stemmed from a clear understanding that the relinquishment of portions of the Land of Israel constitutes, in fact, a relinquishment of both the Torah and the Nation of Israel; the Land, the Nation and the Torah are one, and therefore a blow to one of these entities constitutes a blow to all of them.
This approach did not stem from a pragmatic, political, diplomatic, or security-orientated outlook. It stemmed from deep Jewish faith that the Land of Israel is the Land of God, the Land of life for the Jewish people, and that any division or separation of the Nation of Israel from its land is like separation from God Himself - a veritable death blow, Heaven forbid.
Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda's love for both Torah-observant and estranged Jews did not stem from humanistic kind-heartedness alone; neither was it the expression of a superficial nationalistic outlook. It flowed forth from the depths of faith and Torah. It stemmed from an acute awareness that each Jew, even the Jew who has altogether abandoned the Torah, possesses a pure and Divine soul. This soul, constituting as it does the Jew's true basic nature, is destined to overcome all transient outer weaknesses.
Our beloved Rabbi's affection for the entire nation stemmed from a recognition that the Jewish people are like one living body; though one part of the body is infected and diseased, it remains a part of us, our own flesh and blood. Even if that element denies the fact that it is part of the all-encompassing nation of God, the act denial itself is part of our shared sickness. It is impossible, taught the Rabbi, to sever the limbs of a living and united body.
Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda taught us that the State of Israel is not merely a formal, technical apparatus guaranteeing existence of the nation, an apparatus with no intrinsic value. Rather, the mere existence of the State of Israel has Divine meaning. He educated us not to err, thinking that the worth of the state can be gauged and measured according to the actions of the government; not to err, thinking that when the government acts as it should, the State has value, yet when it does not act as it should, it does not have value. The mere existence of the state possesses spiritual, Divine value, for it constitutes a meaningful stage in the ongoing materialization of the prophetic vision of our Redemption.
The ingathering of exiles, the settlement of the Land, the liberation the Land from foreign hands together with its return to the sanctity of Israel, and the freeing of the Jews from the yoke of the nations, are all stages in the Divine Redemption, for they belong to the essential aim of the State of Israel. The return of the Nation of Israel to its land and its independence is bringing, and will continue to bring about the return of the Nation of Israel to its Torah and to its God.
Because of his great love for the State of Israel, and because of his recognition of its Divine value, the Rabbi was shaken to the depths of his soul by the appearance of a minority government in Israel which relied on the votes non-Jews. At that time Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda spoke out vehemently, saying that such an act constitutes an "incomparable desecration of God's Name." He called the episode a "comic-tragedy of humiliation towards our people and our state... a great crime which will be remembered forever as an abomination in the history of the People of Israel, the eternal people."
Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda's extreme criticism of the government, though, did not effect in the least his recognition of the value of the state. The Rabbi made a clear distinction between our regard for the government - a body which is indeed measured according to its actions - and our relation to the state, which is Holy. Governments come and governments go. "We," the Rabbi used to say, "are commanded by the Torah - not the government. The Torah comes before the government. The Torah is eternal and the present disloyal government will pass on and disappear."
Finally, the Rabbi was not bewildered by obstacles standing in the way of the Redemption. He viewed hindrances as part of the process of redemption - a process which includes crises along the way. He educated us to maintain faith and to recognize God's salvation, to discern the acts of the Almighty, and to be active together with God, as Rabbi Yirmiya in the Jerusalem Talmud said, "...In the future a heavenly voice will erupt in the tents of the righteous, saying, 'All those who worked together with God, come and accept your rewards!'"
Glossary:
Talmud - The voluminous embodiment of the Oral Torah. Basis of Jewish law and philosophy.
Torah - the Five Books of Moses
Harav Tzvi Yehuda Hacohen Kook keyboard_arrow_right Tetzave keyboard_arrow_right
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University Office Technologies will give a new MFP to the winner of its competition, and drop their old device from a crane.
The office products dealer, based in Ann Arbor, Michigan, announced its "Motor City Copier Crush" competition will take place on 22 April. Administrative professionals from the local area can enter the competition to win a new Sharp Multi-Functional Printer, and the winner will get to keep the new device and have an unwanted copier or printer dropped from a 60-foot crane.
The "most compelling submission" as to why someone's printer "deserves to be replaced with a brand new one" will win the competition. University Office Technologies is offering to install the new machine, train users in how to use it and provide a service plan as well. The crane drop meanwhile will take place in the company's own car park, where the winner will watch as their old machine drops into a waste container from a locally rented crane.
The event is related to Administrative Professionals' Day, or "Secretary's' Day", which also falls on 22 April. Admin professionals need to submit their entry to the company before 17 April. The winner will be chosen and notified by 20 April, with the "copier drop" and installation of the new Sharp machine taking place on 22 April.
Any admin professional working in the Michigan counties of Wayne, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, Washtenaw or Livingston in a business with 10 to 100 staff can enter the competition, and you can read more about the competition here.
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The alliance between Pitney Bowes and HP extends their integrated delivery portfolio.
PI World reported that HP will be able to work with Pitney Bowes' innovations such as the IntelliJet Printing System, which is used by printers and mailers to streamline operations. The integrated system they together provide is designed to reduce management complexity for clients juggling multiple providers. The partnership began in 2009.
Lila Snyder, Pitney Bowes' President of Document Messaging Technologies said: "Linking print and mail through the Pitney Bowes White Paper Factory delivers real value by creating impactful communications. The Pitney Bowes Intellijet family of printing systems, as well as the Print+ Messenger color inkjet system employ HP inkjet hardware with Pitney Bowes technology to produce high quality, high impact communications."
"This longstanding relationship with our valued partner HP shows our joint commitment to our enterprise clients in offering innovative solutions that integrate physical and digital technologies. Through these solutions, our clients have achieved efficiencies by streamlining print and mail workflow to better reach the end customer."
HP's VP and General Manager of Inkjet, Aurelio Maruggi, commented: "Pitney Bowes' expertise in the production mail market enables them to provide unique value to customers looking to diversify their offerings and meet the evolving demands of high-volume, high-integrity print and mail operations. As such, HP is excited to continue our alliance to best serve the transactional market."
Either way, you still need printer supplies! Just visit Priceless Ink & Toner Co. and get the printer supplies you need!
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The new range of printers are the "smallest and fastest LaserJets" released, with HP stating that the launch "represents our most significant laser printing re-engineering since the introduction of the first LaserJet in 1984". The machines, "designed to make businesses more efficient", contain new toner cartridges using JetIntelligence technology, and use "up to 53% less energy, take up to 40% less space and wake up, print and duplex in a fraction of the time", according to HP.
The new machines include the Color LaserJet Pro M252 series, MFP M277 series, and the M552 and M553 series, with all the devices featuring a "smaller footprint, easier set-up and installation" and "up to 40% faster printing from sleep". The M252 series is around 33% smaller than competitors, and is aimed at "small workgroups", with the "fastest first page out in its class" alongside mobile printing compatibility.
The MFP M277 series meanwhile is the "smallest laser MFP" and offers "the fastest two-sided printing in its class", while the M552 and M553 series are "ideal for larger workgroups of 5 to 15 users printing up to 6,000 pages per month", with high speed prints, the "lowest total energy consumption and fastest double-sided printing speeds in their class". These two are also the firs machines to include Google Cloud Print 2.0 for cloud printing.
The toner cartridges feature "the latest in toner formulation", with HP's JetIntelligence technology and ColorSphere 3 toner offering up to "33% more professional-quality prints" and "protection against counterfeits" with "innovative anti-fraud technology". The ColorSphere 3 toner is "the latest in toner formulation", according to HP, and features a "durable shell and soft core" designed to "keep up" with the high-speed of the machines.
Despite the "more durable shell", the soft core of the toner particles melt 'at a much lower temperature, requiring far less heat to melt", with the result "higher page yields from a more compact and energy-efficient printer". The cartridge meanwhile delivers "more pages with fewer interventions", with page maximizer technology allowing for "less internal wear" and "more pages per cartridge", while new print gauge technology "intelligently predicts toner levels".
The anti-counterfeiting technology is "built into every JetIntelligence toner cartridge", with HP stating that customers "have more protection that easily identifies counterfeit cartridges", and assisting "customer-initiated anti-theft and office-wide printing policies". Auto-seal removal meanwhile is said to "make cartridge installation easier than ever". The JetAdvantage Private Print function meanwhile allows users to protect print jobs in the cloud and on the machines.
Tuan Tran, Vice President and General Manager of HP's LaserJet Hardware and Technology Organisation, commented: "Business customers are looking for smart, affordable solutions that seamlessly integrate into today's smaller, more communal work spaces. We started with the customer and designed the new LaserJet platform from the inside out to be leaner, faster and smarter than ever before to help meet the demands of the modern office."
The printers will be available from 1 April, with the M252 at a recommended price of $225, the MFP M277 of $346, and the M552 and M553 of $560.
Network Asia reported on the release of the new printers, which include the WF-2651, 2661 and 2631, with the OEM stating that the devices are "purpose-built" for the SOHO and office markets to "save business's desktop space and lower their printing costs" through "a host of convenience-enhancing features".
The "ultra-compact" printers include an automatic document feeder with a 30-sheet capacity, Epson Connect features for mobile printing – including iPrint for mobile printing, email print and remote print – "flexible shared printing" through wireless connectivity, and Wi-Fi Direct functionality for connecting up to four devices "without the need for a router".
Each printer can also access Apple's AirPrint and Google's Cloud Print, and has an LCD screen, while the 2651 and 2661 have Epson's PrecisionCore printhead technology for "versatile, high-speed" prints at 33 ppm. The 2631 has a print resolution of 5,760 dpi and a print speed of 34 ppm and a "small footprint", while the 2661 has NFC (near-field communication) functionality, making it the "first Epson device to offer this functionality", and all three utilize the OEM's DURABrite Ultra pigment inks, which offer "high quality prints that are smudge, fade and water resistant".
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Only one term referring to the nation's politics cracked the top 10 announced by the Jiyukokuminsha publishing house this year: "Gohanronpō" ("rice reasoning").
It was popularized by Hosei University professor Mitsuko Uenishi, who pointed to a political tactic of dodging a question by intentionally misinterpreting it.
As an example, Uenishi referred to asking someone whether they had eaten "gohan," which can refer to rice or a meal itself, and thus can trigger contradictory responses.