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Q: Interpreting datasheet for switching regulator New to this and designing my first non-trivial circuit.  I'll be using an ATMEGA168 and plan to run it at 3.3v/10MHz to maximize compatibility with other components.
I'll be placing this into some existing hardware and will not have any control over the input voltage.  It could be 24v or 36v depending on the specific model.  After filtering through regulators on DigiKey it looks like MIC4576-3.3WT is one of few that are rated for the input/output voltages I need.
Looking at the datasheet for the regulator it mentions "Guaranteed 3A Switch Current."  Should I interpret this as:

*

*It will provide as much current as my circuit demands, up to a maximum of 3A, or...

*It will provide 3A and it is my responsibility to limit the current before it goes into the ATMEGA which has an absolute max of 200mA?

If the latter, how do I address it?  Or would choosing something other than the 4576 have avoided this altogether?
Thanks in advance!

A: It's a voltage regulator and won't need to provide any current if nothing is connected however, it will still produce a regulated voltage output despite no current being taken. If you have a load of up to 3 amps it will provide the current needed by the load and maintain the output voltage. If your load takes more than 3 amps, then it's likely that the output voltage will start to sag.
As with any voltage regulator, the power taken by the load is supplied by the unregulated power source connected to the input of the regulator so, bear that in mind and, also bear in mind that a little extra power is needed to keep the switching regulator working.

A: 3A switch current means that the peak current through that switch is guaranteed to be at least 3A.  Note that this matches the peak inductor current (because of KCL).  It does not match the average inductor current -- that's determined by the inductance you choose, as well as the input and output voltages.  At best you put a high-value inductor in there and the average current is close to the peak.  At worst, you put a teeny inductor in there and the average current is way lower than peak.
It's best to both fully understand how switchers work, do the math, and make sure the inductor is theoretically the right size and also simulate the circuit to make sure it's behaving nicely through your anticipated operating range (all combinations of current draw and input voltages).  You should at least have at least a notion of how the thing works and also simulate -- and hope that your simulation is accurate.

A: The regulator produces 3.3V (assuming that's the one you buy) and consumes maybe 10mA for its own operation (10mA at the input voltage so that's more than 1/3 of a watt) . Any additional current is completely under your control depending on what your circuit demands. The ATmega itself will not draw much of the ~3A* capability of this regulator. You should be able to find the current draw at 10MHz 3.3V in the datasheet, and it won't be many mA. Other things you may have  (LEDs, motors, other chips etc.) will, of course, add to the consumption.
* note that the maximum current may be limited by thermal considerations- efficiency is only 72% at 3A 3.3V out so a fairly significant heat sink would be necessary to get full current capability on a continuous basis. For no heat sink you would have to limit the current to much less than 3A (and it would depend on the maximum ambient temperature and how reliable you want the device to be).

A: Correct answer is the first one. It will provide a maximum of 3 A. The microcontroller maximum power consumption only applies when you are drawing current from the microcontroller pins, by for example putting a low resistance resistor on the pin. Without external circuitry, the microcontroller does not draw anything near 200 mA.
Check out adjustable ouput voltage regulators as well. And Digi-Key for example has another category for on-board DC-DC converters, those might be the best option for you.
Recom power R-78HB3.3-0.5L might fit your needs.

A: It will provide up to 3A, depending on how much your circuit demands.

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Q: Why $\frac{1}{n^2}\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n Cov(X_i,X_j)=\frac{1}{n^2}\sum_{i-j=-n}^n (n-|i-j|)\gamma(i-j)$ I'm having trouble to understand a passage in the mean square error of an estimator.
Let $\{X_t\}$ be a stationary process of a time series with mean $\mu$, thus the sample mean estimator is $$\overline{X}_n=\frac{1}{n}(X_1+X_2+\dots +X_n)$$
The mean squared error of this estimator is
$$E[\overline{X}_n-\mu]^2=Var(\overline{X}_n)$$
since that $\overline{X}_n$ is a unbiased estimator of $\mu$. Then
$$Var(\overline{X}_n)=\frac{1}{n^2}\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n Cov(X_i,X_j)\qquad (1)$$
$$=\frac{1}{n^2}\sum_{i-j=-n}^n (n-|i-j|)\gamma(i-j)\qquad (2)$$
$$=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{h=-n}^n \Big(1-\frac{|h|}{n}\Big)\gamma (h)$$
where $\gamma (i-j)=Cov(X_{t+(i-j)},X_t)$ and $\gamma(h)=Cov(X_{t+h},X_t)$ (autocovariance function).
I can't figure out what they make from (1) to (2).
I make a test with $n=1$ and it works, but I don't understand what they did, since in (1) I have a sum with $n^2$ terms and in (2) I have just $2n+1$ terms.

A: As you mentioned $Cov(X_i,X_j)=\gamma(i-j)$. See in the total sum $\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n Cov(X_i,X_j)$ how many times $\gamma(k)$ appears. This is the number of solutions of $i-j=k$ for $1\leq i,j\leq n$.
Of course $i=j+k$ and since $1\leq i,j \leq n$, then $k+1\leq i \leq n+k$ which means that $i\in\{1,\dots,n\}\cap\{k+1,n+k\}$. It is not difficult to see that there are $n-|k|$ possible $i$ for which $j$ is uniquely determined and hence it has $k$ solutions. So:
$$
\frac{1}{n^2}\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n Cov(X_i,X_j)=\frac{1}{n^2}\sum_{k=-n}^n (n-|k|)\gamma(k).
$$
To number of terms  on the right side is indeed $\sum_{k=-n}^n (n-|k|)=n^2$.


Winter at Lake Oeschinen. An exciting experience with or without black ice.
The family ski area Lake Oeschinen provides manageable, quality runs. For non-skiers, a winter hiking trail on the frozen mountain lake (UNESCO World Heritage Site) is an alternative option. Those who like to live in the fast lane can get on a sled and whisk down the mountain to Kandersteg.


I've enjoyed this website for a couple of years and greatly appreciate the stories and insights shared by other ex-christians. I'm finally ready to tell my story. Following, is an abbreviated version of my journey out of religion. I could elaborate on any part, but for now will simply provide the big picture. Thanks in advance for 'listening'. It feels good to share!
My background is similar to so many who have posted on this site. I was raised in a fundamentalist evangelical home with loving parents. I was 'born again' at an early age, and experienced numerous re-dedications as a teenager and young adult. By age 30, the same deeply ingrained belief system continued to hold me captive as I surrounded myself with other believers, participated in church activities at every opportunity, and began homeschooling my kids out of fear of the 'world.' My children (now adults) grew up to be replicas of myself and are now deeply immersed in their own religious lives. The cycle continues…..
Like so many believers, in ignorance I held preconceived ideas about 'others.' People with other beliefs were simply wrong and didn't realize it. Proponents of evolution were victims of demonic delusion and had a deep-rooted, subconscious intent to steer people away from the 'truth'. Public schools and universities were breeding grounds for misinformation and delusion. My mind was closed to any thought that did not align with my tightly held belief system. Concomitant with my beliefs, I also had a passion to pursue God and to know him 'aright'. My passion for truth led to cracks in my faith.
From early on, it never made sense to me that simply saying some words (the sinner's prayer) or voicing belief could convert someone from hell-bound to heaven-bound. To me, eternal life had to mean more. For 10 years, I immersed myself in the writings of Christian mystics like Jean Guyon, Frank, Laubach, and Thomas Kelly. I came to see eternal life as an experience of inner transformation in which one receives the life of Christ (eternal life) as he/she surrenders completely and wholly to the inner working of the Holy Spirit. John 17:3 became my mantra as I sought to 'know' God and to practice the presence of God within my being. During this same time, I was introduced to the writings of George MacDonald (mentor of C.S. Lewis). In agreement with MacDonald, I began to think that popular theologians had it all wrong. A truly loving heavenly father could not and would not require a brutal death of his own son to atone for sin. Eternal life was something different altogether. It was really about experience… deep transformation of consciousness that carried into eternity. Through the Internet, I discovered that many others (universalists) shared my views and for a time I found great comfort in those shared beliefs. Needless to say, at the time, my views were not welcome by my church leaders. At age 47, my husband and I quit going to church and I continued to pursue spirituality on my own.
The last thread of belief broke when I witnessed unexpected tragedy in the lives of several good friends. I realized that natural law did a much better job of explaining 'good people and bad things' than pat answers, "God's ways are above our ways" and "we'll understand when we get to heaven."Around age 44, when my children were grown, I decided to return to school for a master's degree in my field of work. I enrolled in a state school with both face-to-face and online classes. For the first time, I encountered frequent contact and meaningful interaction with others who thought differently than I did. I began to see that good people could hold differing opinions and I became more open to hearing divergent ideas and rationale. My love of learning and research continued, and at age 49 I began a PhD program at a prominent secular university. A favorite professor told my cohort at the start, "You will be different individuals when you complete your PhDs." I couldn't imagine what she meant…. but she was right.
Over the following four years, I gained an increasing appreciation for the value of objectivity, reason, logic, rational thought, and scientific evidence. I came to see that any opinion or belief could be subjected to hypothesis testing, and that in fact, just such research (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17253449) failed to support the belief in intercessory prayer. Scientific methods and statistical probability opened my mind to new ways of thinking. I became a proponent of critical thought and intellectual honesty.
As for spirituality, I held onto my belief in an intimate, loving father as long as I could. The last thread of belief broke when I witnessed unexpected tragedy in the lives of several good friends. I realized that natural law did a much better job of explaining 'good people and bad things' than pat answers, "God's ways are above our ways" and "we'll understand when we get to heaven." As a last vestige of my faith, I cried out (as I did every night) to my loving heavenly father, "Father, my faith is waning. Do something to show me that you're real! Give me an unmistakable sign (that defies statistical probability) to show me that you hear me." My pleas were met with silence.
Today, at age 56, I am happy and thriving. Fortunately, my husband (and best friend) traveled this journey alongside me. He also sees the delusion of religion and we've both moved on to better lives, genuine friendships, and a deeper appreciation of the beauty and fragility of life. The only blot in our journey has to do with our children who we love dearly. I feel as if we've left them behind. They remain under powerful influences that are virtually impossible to break free from. I also have grandchildren who are being raised in the Christian faith. We love getting together with them but avoid uncomfortable conversations about religion. I'm not even sure if our kids fully grasp our unbelief, as they never ask and seem uncomfortable with the subject. I long for openness and candid discussion.
Sadly, I've found that few professing christians today will engage in open, honest dialogue about religious belief…. a confirmation to me that religious faith is founded on many factors other than intellectual honesty. May those of us who have traveled the road to freedom find opportunity to speak with confidence and clarity, and share our journeys with those who will listen.


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Quantum electron optics using flying electrons
Physics	조회 수:1532
Feb. 1 (Wed.), 2p.m.
Dr. Michihisa Yamamoto, Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo
Feb. 1 (Wed.), 2p.m. #1323(E6-2. 1st fl.)
Abstract: Quantum electron optics is a field in which one manipulates quantum states of propagating electrons. Combined with technologies for confining and manipulating single electrons, it allows us to investigate the scattering and interference of electrons in a unit of a single electron. The necessary elements of quantum electron optics experiments include single electron beam splitter, phase shifter, Coulomb coupler, single electron source and detector, spin-orbit path and electron-pair splitter.
In this talk, we present development of some of these elements. The beam splitter and phase shifter are implemented in our original two-path interferometer [1-3]. This interferometer has been shown to be the only reliable system for the measurement of the transmission phase shift of electrons [4,5]. To suppress decoherence induced by the electron-electron interaction and enhance the interference visibility, we recently developed a two-path interferometer of depleted channels, where single electrons are injected by means of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). We also confirmed that a single electron in a static quantum dot (single electron source) can be adiabatically transferred into a SAW-driven moving quantum dot [6], a necessary ingredient for achieving the high interference visibility of a single flying electron.
Quantum electron optics also targets the manipulation of spins of flying single electrons. We found that the spin information of one or two electrons can be transferred between distant quantum dots, which work as the single electron source and detector, with the fidelity limited only by the spin flips prior to the spin transfer [7,8]. We also realized an electron-pair splitter that can be used to split spin-entangled electrons in a moving dot into different moving dots. Combined with single spin manipulation using the spin-orbit interaction (spin-orbit path) [9], this splitter should allow for Bell measurement of electron spins.
This work is in collaboration with S. Takada (now at Institut Neel), R. Ito and K. Watanabe at the University of Tokyo, B. Bertrand, S. Hermelin, T. Meunier, and C. Bäuerle at Institut Neel, and A. Ludwig and A. D. Wieck at Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
[1] M. Yamamoto et al., Nature Nano. 7, 247 (2012)..
[2] A. Aharony et al., New J. Phys. 16, 083015 (2014).
[3] T. Bautze et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 125432 (2014).
[4] S. Takada et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 126601 (2014).
[5] S. Takada et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 063101 (2015).
[6] B. Bertrand et al., Nanotechnology 27, 204001 (2016).
[7] S. Hermelin et al., Nature 477, 435 (2011).
[8] B. Bertrand et al., Nature Nano. 11, 672 (2016).
[9] H. Sanada et al., Nature Phys. 9, 280 (2013).
Contact: SunYoung Choi, (sunyoungchoi@kaist.ac.kr)
Center for Quantum Coherence in Condensed Matter, KAIST
240	 May 31 (Tue.) 4 PM #1323(E6-2, 1st fl.) Dr. Kimin Kim, KAIST Understanding 3D tokamak physics towards advanced control of toroidal plasma
239	 May. 11 (Fri.), 02:30 PM E6-2. 1st fl. #1323 Dr. Kun Woo Kim Disordered Floquet topological insulators
238	 Dec. 9(Fri), 4p.m. #1323(E6-2. 1st fl. Dr. Kun Woo Kim, KIAS Shift Charge and Spin Photocurrents in Dirac Surface States of Topological Insulator
237	 7월 29일(목) 오후 2시 ~ 오후 4시 Online seminar Dr. Kunio Kaneta(KIAS) Gravitationally Induced Dark Sector and Inflationary Dynamics
236	 2015/12/11, 1:30PM E6-2, #1323 Dr. KwangYong Choi (Chung-Ang University) Quantum spin liquid in the 1/3 depleted triangular lattice Ba3(Ru1-xIrx)Ti2O9
235	 2016/03/11 1:30 PM E6-2. 1st fl. #1501 Dr. Kwon Park Topological phases of matter in nonequilibrium: Topology of the Wannier-Stark ladder
234	 November 1 (Thu.), 16:00 PM #1323, E6-2 Dr. KyeoReh Lee Direct holography from a single snapshot
233	 2015/07/16, 4PM E6-2, 1318 Dr. Kyunghan Hong(MIT) Next-generation ultrafast laser technology for nonlinear optics and strong-field physics
232	 October 26 (Fri.), 4:00 PM #1323, E6-2 Dr. Kyusung Hwang Coexisting triple-point and nodal-line topological magnons and thermal Hall effect in pyrochlore iridates
231	 Mar. 24 (Fri.), 2:30 PM #1323 (1st fl. E6-2). Dr. MahnSoo Choi Topological Dynamics
230	 2015/10/15, 10AM E6-2, 5th fl. #5318 Dr. Mark D. Bird (Florida State University) Development of Large-Bore, High Field Magnets at the NHMFL
229	 May 19, 2016 (Thur.) 3PM May 19, 2016 (Thur.) 3PM, Dr. Michael Betz, CERN The CERN Resonant WISP Search: Development, Results and Lesson-Learned
228	 Jul. 08 (Fri.) 11:00 AM #1323(E6-2. 1st fl.) Dr. Michael Lawler(Binghampton Univ. / Cornell Univ.) Isostatic magnetism
227	 2015/11/23, 1:30PM E6-2, #1323 Dr. Michael Park (Stanford University) What's Beyond the Standard Model? Lessons from Run I and what might come in Run II
»	 Feb. 1 (Wed.), 2p.m. #1323(E6-2. 1st fl.) Dr. Michihisa Yamamoto, Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo Quantum electron optics using flying electrons
225	 Sep. 10 (Tue.), 03:00 PM E6-2. 1st fl. #1323 Dr. Mikhail Kiselev Two-Stage Kondo Effect
224	 Nov. 3 (Fri.), 2:30 PM #1323 (1st fl., E6-2.) Dr. MinChul Lee(Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee Univ.) Quantum Resistor-Capacitor Circuit with Majorana Edge States
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ibiza´s climate is typically Mediterranean, with warm average temperatures and seasonal rains, the summer period being both hot and dry. The annual rainfall varies across the island. However, most of the island receives between 450mm and 650mm of precipitation over the year. 40% of the annual total falls in autumn, between September and November; 25% falls in spring, between March and May; 25% falls in winter, from December to February; and summer, from June to August, sees just 10% of the yearly rain. The island´s rainfall is characterised by its irregularity, varying radically from one year to the next, even reaching the point where there are drought conditions. Most of the rain that falls is concentrated within a few days of precipitation, with some very heavy rains in autumn and lighter rains over the rest of the year. The average annual temperature is between 16ºC and 18ºC, with a maximum summer average of 29-31ºC and a minimum average winter night-time temperature of 5-9ºC, although temperatures of over 35ºC and below -2ºC are recorded almost every year, and temperatures occasionally reach 41ºC in summer and fall to -6ºC in winter.
Ibiza´s physical geography is shaped by the sea, which is deep, calm and relatively warm, with surface temperatures that reach 26ºC in August and stay above 14ºC in winter. The Balearic Islands is the only place in the world where the temperature at the sea bed never drops below 13ºC. The sea regulates the island´s climate and means that seasonal temperature variations aren´t as marked as they are on continental land masses at the same latitude. Travelling between 300 and 400km to the north or south, we find the European mainland, which cools dramatically in winter, and the warm Sahara Desert respectively, a fact which influences the unique features of Ibiza´s climate.


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Trifonov Thrills in Muscular Rachmaninoff
15/07/2018 25/06/2018 by Harvey Steiman
United States Sibelius, Rachmaninoff: Daniil Trifonov (piano), San Francisco Symphony / Michael Tilson Thomas (conductor), Davies Symphony Hall, San Francisco. 21.6.2018. (HS)
Sibelius — Symphony No.6; Symphony No.7
Rachmaninoff — Piano Concerto No.3
Jean Sibelius and Sergei Rachmaninoff were twentieth-century composers who never quite turned their backs on the musical language of the 19th century, even in their final symphonies (Sibelius) and concerto (Rachmaninoff). Those may be the only things these composers have in common. Sibelius' Symphonies No. 6 and 7 carry the icy grandeur of his native Finland. Rachmaninoff's Piano Concerto No. 3 channels the flavors of his native Russia and demands the utmost in virtuosity from a soloist who never seems to rest during its 40-odd minutes.
Hearing them on Thursday, programmed together, amplified the differences and made for a satisfying concert experience. Conductor Michael Tilson Thomas invigorated the evening with vivid colors and muscular rhythms, leaving behind the curiously flaccid tempos and rhythms of last week's Boris Godunov.
The two symphonies, which Sibelius wrote together, took different routes. The Sixth wandered amiably through four movements, each of which contains unexpected turns that should keep a listener guessing. Although the Sixth never quite set up its surprises well enough, the musical tour had its amiable moments.
However, the inexorable buildup of energy and power in the Seventh came through with gripping intensity. The portentous ascending scales at the start contained just enough quizzical articulation to make the development that followed seamless, in the piece's single movement. The Seventh is a marvel of scenic writing, with lush, extended trombone chorales emerging from busy undercurrents like an airliner rising through clouds and energetic sections melding smoothly into pages of music that cruise easily. It's a sonic treat to hear it played with such aplomb.
Placing the concerto in the second half suggested that soloist Daniil Trifonov's star turn and Rachmaninoff's extroverted music would trump Sibelius' intellectual rigor and steely structural style. For the most part, that was a wise decision, even if Trifonov applied less schmaltz than most pianists, and more precision, lending his sharp intellect and utter command of the instrument to a stirring traversal.
Trifonov can spray cascades of filigreed phrases with accuracy and turn them into fascinating musical color. He fashioned moments of delicacy and simplicity when the music called for it. If the thicker passages drew a more brittle tone than some pianists do, the rhythmic vitality more than made up for it.
There was a sense in forward propulsion from the first swaying figures in the orchestra, over which Trifonov overlaid the opening tune that took in a sinuous shape with its quiet octaves. It perfectly reflected the composer's feint of settling into a simple melody before exploding into one foray after another of dazzling passagework. Trifonov tossed off the complex fingerings with his customary ease, illuminating often unheard elements despite headlong-fast tempos.
The second movement can serve as a sort of breather, but one could feel the pent-up energy ready to burst out in the upcoming Finale: alle breve. The pianist and conductor made that into a romp, finishing with an exclamation point of a coda. A delirious audience awarded them five curtain calls.
Harvey Steiman
Categories Concert Reviews, International Concerts, This Week's Review Tags Harvey Steiman, San Francisco Post navigation
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TOP 5 SEEN AND HEARD POSTS
Piotr Beczala features in Sven-Eric Bechtolf's nightmarish Rusalka in pre-pandemic Vienna
Singing in Blaibach, Germany, Julia Bullock gets to the heart of healing music
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The digital premieres of The Planet – A Lament and Wide Slumber for Lepidopterists from PROTOTYPE
Emily Jean Lucid on In 2017 Zenaida Yanowsky bid 'adieu' to The Royal Ballet allowing its Ashton heritage to be reconsidered in 2020
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SEEN AND HEARD'S RECENT REVIEWS
PROTOTYPE screens Frost's The Murder of Halit Yozgat – an opera in quarantine (18/01/2021)
Piotr Beczala features in Sven-Eric Bechtolf's nightmarish Rusalka in pre-pandemic Vienna (17/01/2021)
Singing in Blaibach, Germany, Julia Bullock gets to the heart of healing music (17/01/2021)
The Event Horizon: hope and ambition from Simon Armitage and The Hallé (16/01/2021)
The digital premieres of The Planet – A Lament and Wide Slumber for Lepidopterists from PROTOTYPE (15/01/2021)
New York's PROTOTYPE 2021 – still daring, but now digital (14/01/2021)
A Rosenblatt Recitals at Home stream – From Handel to Wagner – is a much-needed antidote to the current doom and gloom (14/01/2021)
Via L.A. from Linz: Philip Glass's new Piano Sonata shows he is still maturing at age 83 (12/01/2021)
BON APPÉTIT!: A Sweet Soirée – Jamie Barton is as luscious as the chocolate cake she bakes for Opera Philadelphia (11/01/2021)
Rosenblatt Recitals return for their twentieth anniversary 'at Home' and Verismo is all in a good cause (11/01/2021)
Compelling and cutting-edge: LA Opera presents Prototype Festival's Modulation (10/01/2021)
Bask in the afterglow of Bach's magnificent Christmas Oratorio thanks to Paul McCreesh and the Gabrieli Consort and Players (07/01/2021)
Nureyev's The Nutcracker from Vienna State Ballet looks back to the past and also to the future (06/01/2021)
The New Year's Eve Gala in the Met Stars Live in Concert series was generally upbeat and life-enhancing (04/01/2021)
A sublime, life-enhancing, New Year's Day Concert 2021 from Riccardo Muti and the Vienna Philharmonic (03/01/2021)
INTERVIEWS, ARTICLES, NEWS, AND SEASON PREVIEWS
Pianist and author Jack Kohl discusses his new book of essays with Robert Beattie (12/01/2021)
The Kathleen Ferrier Awards Competition 2020 announces winners (09/01/2021)
Opernhaus Zürich on line programme in January 2021 (06/01/2021)
Met Stars Live in Concert – New Year's Eve Gala review and new dates (21/12/2020)
English National Ballet update their current lockdown plans for 2020-21 (21/12/2020)
Sometimes a Light Surprises: J.M.W. Turner at Tate Britain (20/12/2020)
The latest opus of Graham Johnson: Francis Poulenc: The Life in the Songs (08/12/2020)
Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra Live and On Demand – January and March 2021 (07/12/2020)
OVERCOMING THE EFFECTS OF THE PANDEMIC – MORE NEWS OF EVENTS (07/12/2020)
SOPRANO JULIET PETRUS IN CONVERSATION WITH RICK PERDIAN (04/12/2020)
Bampton Classical Opera returns with a seasonal concert in Witney, Oxfordshire, on 12 December (03/12/2020)
Lucerne Festival's plans for Summer 2021 (02/12/2020)
Longborough Festival Opera's exciting 2021 update (02/12/2020)
Garsington Opera has announced its 2021 season (02/12/2020)
Rosenblatt Recitals at Home in aid of Target Ovarian Cancer – details of the programmes and a review (01/12/2020)
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Find a Play
Youth Theatre Supports
Youth Theatre Ireland Publications
Young Critics Resource Suite
Youth Theatre Ireland is the national leader in critical thinking and research in the area of youth drama and theatre
Youth Theatre Ireland is committed to conducting research that investigates and validates youth theatre practice and explores its impact on the artistic, social and personal development of the young person.
Centre Stage +20: The Report
The final report of Youth Theatre Ireland's major research project Centre Stage +20 was published in November 2019. Rhona Dunnett, Youth Theatre Ireland's Research and Development Officer, carried out extensive research to generate a detailed picture of youth theatre activity in Ireland and to determine the key priorities for the future development of youth theatre.
Centre Stage + 20 is the third national study of youth theatre undertaken by Youth Theatre Ireland. It updates findings from Centre Stage (1998) and Centre Stage + 10 (2009).
The report examines youth theatre under the following headings:
Youth theatre structures, funding and resources;
Youth theatre practice and programming;
Youth theatre members and leaders;
Outcomes of participation in youth theatre
You can download the full report below (288 pages). It is also downloadable in sections.
Download the full Centre Stage +20 report (288 pages, 6.1mb)
Download Exec Summary/ Recommendations / Foreword/ Table of Contents (14 pages, 136k)
Download Chapter 1: Introduction (8 pages, 360k)
Download Chapter 2: Youth Theatre Models and Structures (56 pages, 1.3mb)
Download Chapter 3: Youth Theatre Funding and Resources (25 pages, 535k)
Download Chapter 4: Youth Theatre Practice (48 pages, 675k)
Download Chapter 5: Youth Theatre Members (40 pages, 697k)
Download Chapter 6: Youth Theatre Leaders (38 pages, 565k)
Download Chapter 7: Outcomes of Participation in Youth Theatre (18 pages, 359k)
Download Bibliography & Appendices (30 pages, 2.1mb)
Centre Stage + 10
The final report of Youth Theatre Ireland's major research project Centre Stage +10 was published in May 2009. Rhona Dunnett, Youth Theatre Ireland's Research and Development Officer, carried out extensive research to generate a detailed picture of youth theatre activity in Ireland in 2007 and 2008. Substantial input was received from leaders, members and a range of stakeholders in the sector.
Download Centre Stage +10 report (224 pages, 2.2mb)
In September 1998, Youth Theatre Ireland concluded a major programme of research and review. Many of its findings were drawn from a questionnaire completed by almost 1,000 youth theatre members from over 50 different youth theatres around the country. The research was compiled into the Centre Stage: The Place of Youth Theatre in Ireland 1997–1998 report.
Download Centre Stage Summary (12 pages, 307k)
Banner Photo: Ros Kavanagh
State of Play—Youth Theatre and Drama in the South East of Ireland
The State of Play research project explored drama opportunities for young people in the South East (Carlow, Kilkenny, Waterford, Wexford, Wicklow) and conducted a needs analysis of youth theatre / drama training within this region. The research was carried out on behalf of Wexford County Council Arts Department, as part of the New South East Arts Initiative and in partnership with the Coracle project (An Ireland-Wales Project, Interreg 4A).
Individuals and organisations involved in youth drama and theatre activities in the region contributed through an online survey and focus group meeting.
Download the State of Play report (90 pages, 2MB)
Changing Profiles
Changing Profiles is a research project undertaken by Youth Theatre Ireland in 2005 to examine the participation of 10–14 year olds in youth theatre. The research process was conducted among affiliated youth theatres already working with this age-range, and focused on three specific issues: practice, welfare and repertoire. After reviewing the findings of this report, the Board of Youth Theatre Ireland recommended that Youth Theatre Ireland continues to focus its activities on the 12+ age group.
Download Changing Profiles (32 pages, 1607k)


text:
Fund of underwater geophisical researches
Articles Services Works Contacts
1. Deep Penetration Radar. Exploration of Geological Substructures.
2. The main concepts of our GPR
3. Experience of georadar "Grot" application for mapping of a cultural layer on archeological excavation
4. Archeological Investigation below the Sea Bottom by Underwater Ground Penetrating Radar
4. Underwater Ground Penetrating Radar in Archeological Investigation below
A.P.Abramov, Institute of Archeology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
A.G.Vasiliev, Blavatsky Underwater Archeological Investigations Foundation, Moscow
V.V.Kopeikin, P.A.Morozov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow region, Russia E-mail: moroz5@t50.ru, kopeikin@izmiran.ru
In this paper, the history of development of a sea version of LOZA GPR is considered. The technical problems of antenna construction are discussed. Some recent results of the underwater archeological survey are presented.
The necessity of developing new enhanced power ground penetrating radars became obvious after our tests of some Russian and foreign GPRs in highly conducting soils of Moscow region. We have come to the conclusion that a traditional GPR with stroboscopic transformation and low-voltage transmitter (about 50 V output voltage) is practically useless on the clay soils characteristic for all middle belt of Russia. Such a device exhibits high performance only in low-conductivity media (dry sand, eternal congelation, etc.).
LOZA GPR series has been designed specially for high-conductivity soils ( wet clay, loam). To increase the effective potential of the device we raise the transmitter peak power by a factor of 10000 and replace stroboscopic transformation with direct registration. Note that despite the peak power enhancement the average power decreases by a factor of 10 due to the reduced repetition rate.
Sea version of LOZA GPR
The history of the sea version of LOZA GPR begins with our experiments in an archeological expedition during summer season 2000. Many archeological objects in the region Tamansky bay - Chushka spit (Black Sea) are buried under shallow water (0.5 - 1.0 m) in a layer of oozy sand, shell rock and silt, up to 2 meter deep. Such location of the objects makes impossible their detection by ultrasonic radars or by diver visual monitoring. Attempts of GPR sounding from the water surface by analogy to the works that we make usually on fresh-water reservoirs yielded encouraging results. With the help of the "overland" version of GPR, significant reflections from objects buried below the see bottom on the depth about 1-2 meters have been received through the water layer up to 0.3 meter thick.
In order to work at bigger depths of sea water (more than 0.3 m) it is necessary to develop waterproof nonmetallic containers for accommodation of the GPR on the bottom. Such containers have been developed and tested in the next expedition during the season 2001. In two organic glass containers antennas, the receiver, the transmitter and the recorder have been placed. Receiver and transmitter antennas (the resistive-loaded dipoles of 1 meter length) were placed at the bottom of the containers. The containers of this second underwater GPR version were bulky and very heavy, so regular work with such UGPR was very difficult. But the researches carried out have confirm a basic possibility of GPR sounding of a sea-bottom on the depth of the first meters by accommodation of the device in a tight box surrounded with sea water.
For the summer season 2002, new underwater containers, taking into account the results of the previous tests, have been developed. Transmitter and receiver antennas of the UGPR were placed on the bottom of two containers filled by the blocks of a special radio absorbing concrete. The third UGPR version recorder was placed outside water and connected with the receiver by a cable going through a hatch. The length of the cable in the tested model was 5 meters. The tests of the UGPR antennas have shown high efficiency of their geometry, so-called "soft input" of the wave and its further absorption in the box walls. It results in avoiding the resonances of the internal volume of the containers. The weak point of this third version underwater GPR is big weight of the construction as well. The neutral buoyancy weight of the antenna complex achieves 500 kg. It essentially complicates overland and sea transportation of the equipment to the work place.
Although the results obtained with this antenna have shown its high performance the inconvenience of operating such a heavy device has forced us to completely reconsider the general concept of antennas for high conductivity sea water. Namely, we decided to make use of the medium conductivity for radiation and receiving of probing signals, i.e. to use the surrounding water volume as an antenna. Technically, this comes to the putting a pair of spherical electrodes on the side walls of the containers enclosing the transmitter and the receiver. Thus the total weight of the underwater part of the radar has been reduced to 20 kg. Our tests have shown that the new antenna performance exceeds the corresponding characteristics of all previous antennas. The general view of the sea version of LOZA GPR is shown in Fig.1.
Sea version of LOZA GPR. General view
Archeological Survey
The underwater GPR complex, in combination with the overland version working on the shore, has allowed continuing the researches started in the season of 2000-2001 in the water area of Tamansky bay. In the field season of 2001, a great object lying under water near the shore line in the south-east part of Chushka spit has been detected. GPR researches and digging have revealed a condensed clay basis, about 15 meter wide, and parts armored with fragmentary stone. The object has been completely covered by a layer of sea adjournment as silt, oozy sand and shells.
The analysis of the obtained results (structure, geometry and size of the object) has allowed coming out with theassumption that it was the basis of a defensive wall. On the Tamansky peninsula, there are well kept fragments of a wall, known as Kimmerijsky wall. From K.K.Gerts's words, one of the first northern Black Sea researchers Dubo de Monpere has named it Kimmerijsky being based on the indication by Strabon: "During former times, Kimmerik was a city on the peninsula and locked the isthmus by ditch and wall". Gerts informs: 'The south-east border of the Fontan peninsula forms an ancient wall which begins from the extremest north-east corner of Tamansky bay and comes to an end, as people speak, at Azov Sea, station Peresypnaya … The ditch, one and half fathom wide, is still rather deep".
Fig.2 Cross section at distance 0.3 km.
Water depth 0.5m. Fig.3 Cross section at distance 0.5 km.
Water depth 0.7m.
Standard GPR cross sections reflecting the structure of the Kimmerijsky wall have been realized at 600, 200 and 100 meters from the water boundary of Tamansky bay in the West-East direction (along the axis of the remaining part of the wall). We have obtained practically identical GPR cross sections during inspection of the extended underwater object near Chushka spit. Dozens of GPR profiles have allowed to trace the object along the distance more than two kilometers from Lisij island up to the cross-arm of Krupinin island east point.
Fig.4 Cross section at distance 0.7km.
Water depth 0.8m. Fig.5 Cross section at distance 0.9km.
During the season of 2003, in the water area of Tamansky bay west part we have obtained more than 50 underwater GPR crossections on a distance of 12 km. In all cross-sections, under a layer of silt and sand, it has been registered a 15 meter wide basis of a wall, here and there having a stone armor, and a 12 meter wide superficial ditch from the southern side.
In figures 2-11, some radar cross sections of the Kimmerijsky wall, obtained from sea bottom, are shown. The received radar signal is presented in binary form, without processing, in the return delay range of 0 to 256 ns. Such delay values in this region, according to our estimates, correspond to penetration depths around 4 to 6 meter. The distances indicated in the figure captions correspond to the separation from the shore at the point where the wall crosses the shore line. These figures allow one to trace the degree of destruction of the wall structure by the sea storms. So, in Figs. 2-3 one can easily observe the traces of the groundwork stones and a ditch at the right side of the wall. Beginning from Fig.4, the ditch cannot be seen, and from Fig.6 the stones disappear, evidently, gone with water flow. Here, one can observe just a clay wall foundation.
The sizes of the wall and the ditch are a basis of our conclusion about the identity of the detected by UGPR object to the existing in our time Kimmerijsky wall. We believe, that in the past it was an entire defense construction described by Strabo (Book 11, Chapter 2).
Water depth 2m. Fig.9 Cross section at distance 1.7km.
Fig.10 Cross section at distance 10.8km.
Water depth 2.2m. Fig.11 Cross section at distance 11km.
A.G Vasiliev, V.V. Kopeikin, P.A. Morozov. GPR in underwater archeologic researches. Antiquities of Bosphor. N5. 2002. M., in Russian.
Antiquities of Kimeric Bosporus. Publishing house " Hermitage ", SPb, 1854, V.1, p. СХХХIV, in Russian.
V.D. Blavatsky. Essay of military science in the northern Black Sea antique states. Issue of AS the USSR, Moscow, 1954, p. 103, in Russian.
K.K.Gerts, Archeologic topography of Tamansky peninsula. M. 1870, p. 103, in Russian.
Strabo. Geography. Translation by G.A.Stratanovsky. M., 1994, p. 494, in Russian.
Dubois de Montpereux. Voyage autour du Caucase. Paris, 1843, AtlasV, p.34, in Franch.
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The future of identity
Air Transport IT Review > Innovations
identity managementbiometricsborder security
Back to Innovations
SITA has helped JetBlue and the US Customs and Border Protection pave the way to fast, secure boarding using just a photo. This is just the first step to a future where your face is your passport at every step of the way.
In June this year SITA took a major step forward in delivering a new passenger journey where your face becomes your passport. Working with JetBlue and the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP), SITA tested a new paperless and deviceless self-boarding process as part of ongoing trials to implement the US biometric exit process in the future.
Those who opted in during the boarding process could put away their boarding passes and devices and simply step up to the camera for a quick photo. The custom-designed camera station connects to CBP to instantly match the image to passport, visa or immigration photos in the existing CBP databases and to JetBlue's systems to verify the passenger's flight details and complete the boarding process.
The trial at Boston Logan Airport, used initially for flights to Aruba, proved to be hugely successful. JetBlue, working with SITA, was the first airline to integrate with CBP to use biometrics and facial recognition technology to board passengers in a single step at the gate.
Accurately checking travel identities while facilitating self-service remains one of the air transport industry's biggest challenges. For airlines and airports technology holds the key to unlocking a smoother passenger journey while ensuring national security remains top priority.
Across the globe new technologies and approaches are being explored to better manage identity that does not require showing travel documents every step of the way. IATA has led the airline industry and is shaping its approach through its One Identity Program, which is strongly supported by suppliers such as SITA.
This is one area where we at SITA believe that we can deliver real value to the wider air transport community. Leveraging our existing self-service technology together with the use of mobile and biometrics technologies, SITA, with the strong support of SITA Lab, is working with governments, airlines and airports to speed up identity checks for passengers," says Sean Farrell, Portfolio Director, Strategy & Partnerships.
"The JetBlue project shows how technology can make the boarding process simple and seamless for the traveler while enhancing US national security through the implementation of biometric exit. The early results are proving promising with initial positive feedback from JetBlue customers and crew members," says Farrell.
In the coming months, SITA will continue to work with JetBlue and other airlines to build on the success of this trial at Boston Airport, expanding to other airports in the US.
This is also seen as another step to developing a future state where passengers can use their facial biometrics to identify themselves at every step in the airport journey.
"Over the past 18 months we have worked tirelessly to develop new self-service solutions for passengers. Biometrics is central to this approach and will be key to paving the way to a future state where your face becomes your passport, at every step in the journey at any airport in any country. The JetBlue trial shows that we can adjust and meet the requirements of different countries and jurisdictions without compromising the experience."
The work also demonstrates how SITA can use existing common-use infrastructure in airports today to integrate biometric identification it in one seamless experience.
"This sort of development strongly supports our Smart Path concept which allows passengers to move through the airport and board the aircraft by presenting a single digital token, creating by capturing a passenger's biometric details at the first step in the journey," says Farrell. "We are also looking at taking that experience even further by making it mobile."
SITA Smart Path is complex technology delivering a remarkably simple solution. A passenger's biometric details are captured through a facial scan at the first touch point in his/her journey. The biometric record is checked against the passenger's travel documents and a secure single token is created which they can use as identification at each additional step of the journey – from check-in to the aircraft.
"We believe that this technology is robust and we continue to demonstrate its functionality in a variety of scenarios and with numerous partner airlines and governments. This new approach to identity management is fast becoming a reality that works and is available today."
Identity beyond the airport
SITA helps Miami become first airport to provide fast entry process into USA via its mobile app
SITA's work around identity management is not only focused on using biometrics in the airport but streamlining border and identity management across the journey. In another successful launch, SITA in August helped Miami International Airport (MIA) to become the first airport in the world to bring the convenience of Mobile Passport Control – the fast entry process into the USA – into its own airport app experience. Miami was awarded "Best Immigration Initiative" at the FTE (Future Travel Experience) Global Awards for this ground-breaking initiative in September.
US citizens and Canadian visitors arriving into Miami can now use the airport's mobile app to submit their passport information and answer CBP inspection-related questions prior to arrival at the border control point. The service does not require pre-approval and is free to use.
SITA's design ensures the CBP certification requirements are met, which significantly reduces the certification process and implementation time for customers. Today the SDK (software development kit) from SITA is available to any international airport in the USA or any airline flying passengers to the USA. This allows them to easily integrate the functionality into their existing apps with minimal development effort. SITA is also in discussions with other governments who are looking to digitize their landing card, customs and border clearance procedures, providing SITA with a unique value solution not available elsewhere in the industry.
"Providing such services via mobile devices enables direct communication with travelers which supports secure pre-clearance and helps streamline the passenger journey once in the airport," says Sean Farrell, Portfolio Director, Strategy & Partnerships. "It is a natural extension of the process we are building on the ground and advance passenger processing we have in place today."
With the upcoming launch of Apple X, SITA and SITA Lab will continue to explore new ways that mobile devices and biometrics can streamline airport processes.
Read Jim Peter's blog
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I'm a tech geek by nature so I thought I'd share some modifications to the home system I've started building. It's a basic IBC chop and flip system. 800L fish tank with the remainder of the IBC making up the Grow Bed.
Since I work far from home I wanted a way to possibly control the water pump and even monitor temperature so I decided to install some Sonoff wireless on/off switches (with a built in timer) a power consumption meter from Sonoff as well as a Sonoff temperature gauge - all accessible from my smart phone.
The attached diagram shows the layout. What this allows me to do is set a timer on the water pump, check on the FT temp and even monitor how much power is being used, all from my phone.
No diagram attached, I think?
Lets try again... here we go.
More pics of the system. These were taken some weeks back, I've been running it now for about 6 weeks and so far have run in to a few minor issues, for example the first pump I used was too weak and died after a week of 24/7 operation.
The input for the swirl filter wasn't sealing as well as it should've so the pipe popped out once and almost emptied the tank! Thankfully the fish were ok.
I had one fish attempt an escape and managed to jump through a small gap in the tank cover. I found the little guy on top of the net the next morning, no idea how long he had been out but after putting him back in he straightened up and has been fine ever since.
Just this morning though, I lost one of the Koi. No apparent reason I can see but I'm keen to find out why.


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'Could be a weird transfer window' - Huddersfield Town face stick or twist January
With the playoffs just five points away, is now the time for the Terriers to pump a load of money into the squad, or could that money be better spent in the summer?
Carlos Corberan (Image: Mick Walker/CameraSport)
In the latest episode of our Huddersfield Town podcast Ooh To Be A..., Steven Chicken and David Hartrick break down a positive weekend for the Terriers after their 2-0 win over Watford.
Is Ryan Schofield ready for more first-team football? What will new signing Danny Grant bring to the side? Can we expect many more arrivals?
With the playoffs just five points away, we also discuss whether Town ought to go big on their investment in the upcoming transfer window or whether saving their money for the much kinder summer window is a more sensible approach.
You can subscribe to the podcast via Apple Podcasts, on Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts by searching for "Ooh To Be A" - and you can also listen on the player below, after which you'll find a taster of the kind of thing you can expect.
Chicken: I know people will be looking at the fact that they're five points off the playoffs and saying 'well, if you invest you can have a run at that', and I do get that because we all want our teams to do well, we all want our teams to be going as high up the table as they possibly can.
But if this season has taught us anything it's that the players you have at your disposal can improve.
I don't think the injury situation is going to be as bad in the second half of the season just because there's so many fewer midweek games … so I think that makes a big difference.
I can understand why the club would say 'no, we don't want to overcommit'.
The one that I do wonder about is just whether they look at some of the out-of-contract players for the summer and wonder if they can move their plans forward for maybe one or two of them but I think it would require exits from the club.
Hartrick: ... I think this might be a bit of a weird transfer window. I think there's going to be a lot more loans done than transfers. A lot of Premier League clubs held onto their players because they didn't know how the season was going to pan out and their season gets a little bit easier from here other than the top six maybe.
But I just think with the covid and the way the finances are this is a transfer window to sort of practise a bit of caution when you're in Town's position, which is that realistically they're not going to get themselves into too much trouble. They might have sticky patches but it's not going to go down to the second-to-last game of the season for Town to be safe.
Chicken: No, they're more and halfway there with less than half the season gone. It really would take a massive collapse and I think we've seen that even with a very deep and wide-ranging injury crisis that they're capable of staying in that mid-table mix. There's a lot of teams in this division they're better than.
I can understand the argument that they can go for it, there's an opportunity there, but … because of the wage bill and the fact you don't get value in January generally speaking I think there is an argument for keeping the powder dry and going for that big rebuild in the summer instead and saying 'we've had a good year this year, we can have a genuine push next season and we'll have a stronger squad, we'll have a lot more money freed up'.
Hopefully they'll be able to have fans back in attendance next season too and that would ease a lot of financial pressure and they can have a proper go at it next year.
Huddersfield Town linked with transfer move for Brazil u20s striker Lincoln
'He has the level to do it' - Carlos Corberan on Ryan Schofield's Championship prospects
I think if you spend a load of money in January or you put people on contracts in January…you don't want to sign players you weren't going to sign in the summer anyway because then you're just taking money out of your own pocket for the summer that you could have had for the big rebuild when you're going to get better value out of it.
It's the same as anyone in their lives. You don't want to spend fifty quid now on something you can get for a tenner in six months' time unless you really need it right now, and I'm not sure that they do need it right now.
Hartrick: … I think what Town really really need is just to keep going, get to the end of the season with a core of the squad that they want there going forward that now completely understand their role and know what playing in a Corberan team is all about, and then supplementing that with young hungry players.
… We said before the start of the season, and my philosophy on this hasn't changed and I don't think yours has: a relatively trouble-free, drama-free mid-table finish would be absolutely fine this season.
Then you recruit properly over the summer, change the profile of the squad, and then you change your ambitions.
Chicken: I know that to some people it will sound quite perverse to say 'we don't want to get promoted'. I don't think that's what we're saying, and if they go on a great run and find they're 3rd going into April they're not going to chuck a load of games. They'd absolutely take the promotion, and so would we.
Schofield's claim on a starting place, renewed resilience and Campbell's role: Five Huddersfield Town conclusions
Danny Grant's first words as a Huddersfield Town player after joining from Bohemians
But what we're saying is it isn't now or never. This isn't the only opportunity they're going to have at the playoffs, it's not 'chuck everything at it now because this is never going to come around again'.
I think that would be the worst thing they could do at the minute because we've had so many ups and downs over the last couple of years...well, mostly downs recently, but also ups if you go back a bit further. Go back 18 months and listen to this podcast and you'll hear us on the podcast saying this, that they need to settle things down, have that stability, and then grow back out of that.
I think chucking a load of investment at it and changing the plans in January is not going to be helpful towards that. Longer term they're going to be in a better position in the summer if they stay the course now, see the season through, take the improvement, and improve the players that they're going to have.
Ooh To Be A Terrier
Huddersfield Town Podcast
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EmiratesPlymouth Argyle manager Steven Schumacher has spoken out after seeing his side lose to Sheffield Wednesday
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Dancing On Ice judge Ashley Banjo's dancer wife, MBE, net worth and more
Dancing on IceAshley Banjo will be appearing on ITV's Dancing On Ice as a judge on Sunday
'A game of two halves' - Five Conclusions on Huddersfield Town's draw with Swansea
Huddersfield Town FCTime to look back on what could prove to be a very good point at the season's end
Huddersfield's Queensgate Market traders fury over move to metal containers - but some welcome it
Queensgate MarketThe council announced new plans for the market this week - but what do traders think of it all?
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Sheffield United FCSheffield United will be light on experience between the sticks if Robin Olsen's loan spell ends


These hand-poured, soy candles are a delicious blend of pomegranate and acai scents boasting a whopping 35 hours burn time. At just $34.95 with all proceeds going towards cancer research- this gift is sure to win hearts.
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3. Breakfast in bed? Sorted!
Who can resist waking up to a tasty (and healthy) breakfast? LiveLighter have delicious (and super easy) recipes that are perfect for breaky in bed!
A great way to look good and stay SunSmart at the same time! We have a great range of SPF makeup and skincare available at our Subiaco shop (even better – the proceeds come to CCWA so we can continue supporting West Aussies affected by cancer) Why not pick out a few products for Mum to try?
Really can't decide what to get? Why not donate in lieu of a gift this Mother's Day? Donate $10 or more and we will send Mum this beautiful personalised card (pictured below) telling her of your thoughtful gift. Best of all, your generosity will allow us to continue funding world class cancer research and provide our support progams to those who need it the most.
Place your donation online now or call 1300 65 65 85. Orders must be placed before Wednesday 10/05/17 to allow for delivery by Mother's Day.


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RWE npower direct costs of electricity generation 2010-2018
Published by Ian Tiseo, May 8, 2019
This statistic shows the direct costs of the electricity generation of the energy supplier RWE npower in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2010 to 2018, in million British pounds. The direct costs increased significantly over this period, from 84 million in 2010 to 456 million British pounds in 2018, while peaking at 630 million British pounds in 2016.
RWE npower's direct costs* of electricity generation in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2010 to 2018 (in million British pounds)
Costs in million British pounds
Since 2009, the Office of Gas & Electricity Markets (OFGEM) require the so-called 'Big Six' large energy suppliers to provide an annual consolidated statement (CSS) to show the costs, revenues and profits for the different segments of their generation and supply businesses.
Global electricity generation by energy source 2017
U.S. electricity generation by independent power producers 2005-2017
U.S. base overnight costs of power plants by technology 2018
Global generation of electricity generation 1990-2017
Statistics on "Electricity generation in the U.S."
North American electricity generation capacity share by region 2019
U.S. electric-generating capacity 2000-2017
U.S. electricity generating capacity addition share by technology 2010-2018
U.S. electricity generation from natural gas and renewables 2000-2018
U.S. petroleum energy consumption for power generation 1990-2017
U.S. electricity generation from natural gas: 2000-2018
U.S. generation of natural gas energy at utility-scale facilities 2005-2018
U.S. coal electricity generation 2008-2018
Net summer capacity of nuclear power plants in the United States 1975-2018
Power generation from renewable sources in the United States 2002-2018
Renewables: share of electricity generation in the U.S. 2017
U.S. net waste-to-energy electric generation 2001-2014
U.S. renewable electricity generation - conventional hydroelectric 2005-2018
Renewables: geothermal electricity generation in the U.S. 2000-2018
U.S. solar power generation: increase 2007-2017
U.S. wind power: increase in electricity generation 2000-2017
U.S. electricity net generation by sector 1975-2018
U.S. revenue for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution 2010-2018
Power plant operating expenses 1998-2018
RWE npower: electricity generation operation costs in the UK 2010-2018
RWE npower: operating costs of the aggregated supply in the UK 2010-2018
RWE npower: fuel costs of the electricity generation in the UK 2013-2018
WACOF/E/G of the electricity generation of RWE npower 2013-2018
RWE npower direct costs of domestic electricity supply in the UK 2010-2018
RWE npower direct costs of non-domestic electricity supply 2010-2018
RWE npower: direct fuel costs of non-domestic electricity supply in the UK 2010-2018
RWE npower WACOE of domestic electricity supply in the United Kingdom (UK) 2010-2018
RWE npower WACOG of domestic gas supply in the United Kingdom (UK) 2010-2018
Centrica direct costs of the electricity generation in the United Kingdom 2010-2018
RWE npower: WACOE of non-domestic electricity supply (United Kingdom) 2010-2018
RWE npower direct costs of domestic gas supply in the UK 2010-2018
RWE npower direct costs of non-domestic gas supply 2010-2018
RWE npower: WACOG of non-domestic gas supply United Kingdom (UK) 2010-2018
Electricity generation profitability of RWE in Great Britain (GB) 2017
Electricity generation revenue of Centrica in the UK 2013-2018, by subsector
Centrica fuel costs of electricity generation in the UK 2013-2018, by subsector
RWE npower: EBIT and EBITDA from electricity generation in the UK 2010-2018
RWE: employees 2008-2018
Electricity generation in Finland 2000-2014
Electricity Generation Global Solar Photovoltaics Electricity Industry in the United States Electric Mobility U.S. Energy Consumption
Ofgem, & RWE. (April 25, 2019). RWE npower's direct costs* of electricity generation in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2010 to 2018 (in million British pounds) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved January 19, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/568006/rwe-npower-energy-electricity-generation-direct-costs/
Ofgem, und RWE. "RWE npower's direct costs* of electricity generation in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2010 to 2018 (in million British pounds)." Chart. April 25, 2019. Statista. Accessed January 19, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/568006/rwe-npower-energy-electricity-generation-direct-costs/
Ofgem, RWE. (2019). RWE npower's direct costs* of electricity generation in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2010 to 2018 (in million British pounds). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: January 19, 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/568006/rwe-npower-energy-electricity-generation-direct-costs/
Ofgem, and RWE. "Rwe Npower's Direct Costs* of Electricity Generation in The United Kingdom (Uk) from 2010 to 2018 (in Million British Pounds)." Statista, Statista Inc., 25 Apr 2019, https://www.statista.com/statistics/568006/rwe-npower-energy-electricity-generation-direct-costs/
Ofgem & RWE, RWE npower's direct costs* of electricity generation in the United Kingdom (UK) from 2010 to 2018 (in million British pounds) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/568006/rwe-npower-energy-electricity-generation-direct-costs/ (last visited January 19, 2020)


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Introducción
Las ficotoxinas marinas son productos naturales de origen algal, metabolitos secundarios producidos por algunas especies de microalgas, presentes en agua dulce y salada, que tienen actividad tóxica, normalmente neurotóxica. En su mayoría pertenecientes al grupo de los dinoflagelados. Se cree que producen estos metabolitos como respuesta a una agresión externa, como puede ser la presencia de otros organismos competidores. Estas toxinas son bioacumuladas por otros organismos como moluscos, crustáceos o peces, pudiendo así llegar al hombre u otros depredadores por vía alimentaria.

Producen efectos muy dañinos a nivel económico, sanitario y ambiental. Son responsables de 6000 intoxicaciones al año en humanos, con una mortalidad del 1,5%, además de mortalidades masivas de aves, peces y mamíferos marinos.

En ocasiones, cuando se producen condiciones climáticas e hidrológicas determinadas, se produce un aumento de su concentración, con la consiguiente acumulación. Estas condiciones pueden ser: aumento de la temperatura del agua, cambio en la salinidad, mayor turbulencia o cambios en la luz.

Este aumento de la concentración de algas unicelulares en el agua, produce el fenómeno conocido como marea roja.

Clasificación
Dentro de las ficotoxinas marinas nos encontramos con gran diversidad de estructuras químicas complejas, mecanismos de acción y actividad biológica muy diferentes.

Según su estructura química se clasifican en:

Saxitoxinas
Son toxinas producidas por dinoflagelados de los géneros Alexandrium, Gymnodinium y Pyrodinium. Son muy peligrosas (mortalidad del 15 %), causantes de la intoxicación paralizante por consumo de molusco.

Actúan bloqueando específicamente los canales de sodio voltaje dependiente, que se encuentran en las células excitables. Por tanto, bloquean Ia transmisión del impulso nervioso y de esta forma se impide Ia liberación de neurotransmisores a nivel de placa neuromotora, Io que impide entonces Ia contracción muscular.

El límite máximo permitido, en la Unión Europea, de estas toxinas en moluscos destinados al consumo humano es de 800 µg equivalentes/kg de carne de molusco.

Brevetoxinas
Producidas principalmente por Karenia brevis. Son causantes de la intoxicación neurotóxica por consumo de moluscos. Están relacionadas con una mortalidad elevada de peces, aves y mamíferos. Además de por vía oral, las brevetoxinas pueden producir intoxicación por exposición dérmica e inhalación.

Actúan en los canales de sodio dependientes de voltaje, provocando una entrada masiva de sodio en las células.

Yessotoxinas
Los principales organismos productores de estas toxinas son Protoceratium reticulatum, Lingulodinium polyedra y Gonyaulax spinifera. Su mecanismo de acción no está completamente establecido. Algunos estudios relacionan las yessotoxinas con la modulación de la homeostasis del calcio en linfocitos humanos y con una disminución de los niveles intracelulares de AMPc.

No se conoce su toxicidad en humanos ni los efectos medioambientales que producen estas toxinas. El nivel máximo permitido en la Unión Europea de esta toxina en molusco, cuerpo entero o partes comestibles, es 1 mg de equivalentes/kg.

Grupo del ácido okadaico
Formado por un conjunto de toxinas lipofílicas, en las que está incluido el ácido okadaico (producido por  Halichondria okadai) y algunos de sus derivados, como son las dinophysistoxinas (Dinophysis spp). Estas toxinas son las causantes de la intoxicación diarreica por consumo de molusco

Inhiben las fosfatasas citosólicas PP1 y PP2A. Producen diarrea en 30 minutos, durante 3 días, náuseas y vómitos. Producen la muerte en concentraciones muy elevadas, aunque no hay registro de muerte en humanos.

El límite máximo permitido por la Unión Europea es de 160 µg de equivalentes/kg.

Grupo de las iminas cíclicas
Formado por gymnodiminas, espirólidos, pinnatoxinas, pteriatoxinas, prorocentrólidos y espiro-prorocentriminas.  Comprenden un grupo de toxinas lipofílicas con una estructura macrocíclica características y un grupo funcional imino. Son toxinas de acción rápida, producen un efecto de "todo o nada". Por el momento, no existen registros de intoxicación en humanos.

Referencias

Toxinas vegetales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Leniency in Antitrust Enforcement: Theory and Practice
World Competition: Law and Economics Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, March 2007
47 Pages Posted: 24 Oct 2006 Last revised: 27 Nov 2013
See all articles by Wouter P. J. Wils
Wouter P. J. Wils
King's College London - The Dickson Poon School of Law; European Union - European Commission
This paper discusses the theory and practice of leniency in antitrust enforcement, i.e. the granting of immunity from penalties or the reduction of penalties for antitrust violations in exchange for cooperation with the antitrust enforcement authorities. After a description of the practice of leniency in the US and in the EU, and of its history, the paper analyses the positive effects and the possible negative effects of leniency on optimal antitrust enforcement, and the extent to which these effects can be measured. Objections of principle and institutional problems that may constitute obstacles to the introduction of leniency policies are discussed, as well as some further issues, namely the impact on the effectiveness of leniency of criminal penalties on individuals, of follow-on private damages actions, and of penalties in other jurisdictions, "Amnesty Plus," and positive financial rewards or bounties.
Keywords: antitrust, cartels, leniency, immunity, enforcement, penalties
JEL Classification: K21, K42, L40, L49
Wils, Wouter P. J., Leniency in Antitrust Enforcement: Theory and Practice. World Competition: Law and Economics Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, March 2007, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=939399
Wouter P. J. Wils (Contact Author)
King's College London - The Dickson Poon School of Law
Somerset House East Wing
London, WC2R 2LS
European Union - European Commission ( email )
Brussels, B-1049


John Frankel '11, of Pelham, N.Y., died of a car accident on Dec. 31 in Westport, N.Y. He was born Feb. 16, 1989, in New York City to Errol Frankel and Elise Falkinburg, 251 Ancon Ave., Pelham, NY 10803. He was a senior at Davidson. He is survived by his parents, loving brother James '13, maternal grandmother Florence, aunts, uncles, cousins, and loving friends.


ATTENTION: The Choir Concert scheduled for Thursday, February 7, 2019 has been cancelled due to winter weather conditions (Mpls Schools has cancelled all after school activities). The Band/Orchestra Concert for Friday, February 8, 2019 is also cancelled due to winter weather conditions (school is cancelled for February 8th).
We are dedicated to providing enjoyable and enriching opportunities in music to students of any race, ethnicity, cultural background, religion, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, physical or mental ability, language, socio-econonomic status, or political view.
There is a place for everyone in the South High Music Program. With a supportive administration, students have the opportunity to explore beginning, intermediate, and advanced levels of band, choir, orchestra, class guitar, and class piano. South is proud to offer beginning levels of band, choir, and strings that require no audition or placement process. Five of the auditioned ensembles (Chamber Orchestra, Jazz Ensemble I, Pop Singers, Varsity Choir, and Wind Ensemble) tour annually. South Music strives to provide experiences for students to express themselves through music and to connect with others in community.
All hail, you gallant tigers, we'll do for old South all we can.
You will bring to South High a victory so grand.
All South is here to greet you, and cheer you on triumphantly.
Check here to see what courses are offered by the South High Music Department and about auditions for band, choir, jazz, and orchestra. Our hope is that you find something that you can join to make music a part of your South High experience.


When we study a subject that touches upon or influences our lives as a child of God we always go to the Word of God. There is no better place to go. As children of God there is no other place to go!
In addition to being the Word of God, the Bible has been brought to us through the direct working of the Holy Spirit.
This year, the Lord willing, as we study about the Holy Spirit, we can be assured that what we learn will be the will of God.
Plan to be here every Sunday this year. We will be learning together about the Holy Spirit of God! He is real! He is part of the Father and the Son. Without Him in us we do not belong to God!


text:
Ax attack in Australia, three women arrested
Gresham Nash May 9, 2021 1 min read
https://cdnfr1.img.sputniknews.com/img/104401/22/1044012217_0:0:1201:675_1200x675_80_0_0_daaa47c5a66956acd47fd9b196c9274e.jpg
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Anna Borisova. Sputnik France
https://fr.sputniknews.com/socete/202105081045569304-une-attaque-a-la-hache-en-australie-trois-femmes-interpellees/
A man and a woman have been severely beaten with an ax in the southwestern Australian city of Sydney. Three women were arrested. The investigation is ongoing.
Ax attack Performed May 8 in Glenfield, southwest Sydney, Australia, local television station 9 News Reports.
According to the media, one of the victims was a man and a woman. The first leg had gas, while the woman received a small deformity in the head, still according to the chain.
Police arrived at the scene after the facts came to light.
"Following the investigation, police arrested three women at a nearby home that had been transferred to Campbelltown Police Station," a police spokesman told the Daily Mail.
Recovered by emergency services, Two of the victims were taken to hospital De Liverpool.
The investigation is ongoing.
Gresham Nash
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text:
Genesis 23 :: New English Translation (NET)
Death and Burial of Sarah ©
Gen 23:1
Gen 23:1 - Sarah lived 127 years.
Gen 23:2 - Then she died in Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan. Abraham went to mourn for Sarah and to weep for her.
Gen 23:3 - Then Abraham got up from mourning his dead wife and said to the sons of Heth,
Gen 23:4 - "I am a temporary settler among you. Grant me ownership of a burial site among you so that I may bury my dead."
Gen 23:5 - The sons of Heth answered Abraham,
Gen 23:6 - "Listen, sir, you are a mighty prince among us! You may bury your dead in the choicest of our tombs. None of us will refuse you his tomb to prevent you from burying your dead."
Gen 23:7 - Abraham got up and bowed down to the local people, the sons of Heth.
Gen 23:8 - Then he said to them, "If you agree that I may bury my dead, then hear me out. Ask Ephron the son of Zohar
Gen 23:9 - if he will sell me the cave of Machpelah that belongs to him; it is at the end of his field. Let him sell it to me publicly for the full price, so that I may own it as a burial site."
Gen 23:10
Gen 23:10 - (Now Ephron was sitting among the sons of Heth.) Ephron the Hethite replied to Abraham in the hearing of the sons of Heth - before all who entered the gate of his city -
Gen 23:11 - "No, my lord! Hear me out. I sell you both the field and the cave that is in it. In the presence of my people I sell it to you. Bury your dead."
Gen 23:12 - Abraham bowed before the local people
Gen 23:13 - and said to Ephron in their hearing, "Hear me, if you will. I pay to you the price of the field. Take it from me so that I may bury my dead there."
Gen 23:14 - Ephron answered Abraham, saying to him,
Gen 23:15 - "Hear me, my lord. The land is worth 400 pieces of silver, but what is that between me and you? So bury your dead."
Gen 23:16 - So Abraham agreed to Ephron's price and weighed out for him the price that Ephron had quoted in the hearing of the sons of Heth - 400 pieces of silver, according to the standard measurement at the time.
Gen 23:17 - So Abraham secured Ephron's field in Machpelah, next to Mamre, including the field, the cave that was in it, and all the trees that were in the field and all around its border,
Gen 23:18 - as his property in the presence of the sons of Heth before all who entered the gate of Ephron's city.
Gen 23:19 - After this Abraham buried his wife Sarah in the cave in the field of Machpelah next to Mamre (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan.
Gen 23:20 - So Abraham secured the field and the cave that was in it as a burial site from the sons of Heth.
The NET Bible®, New English Translation Copyright © 1996 By Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. NET Bible® is a registered trademark The NET Bible® Logo, Service Mark Copyright © 1997 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. All rights reserved.
Full copyright information is provided here. Visit the NET Bible website.


text:
Home science NASA's test on a rocket to go to the moon achieves 90%...
NASA's test on a rocket to go to the moon achieves 90% of its goals (agency) – 06/21/2022 at 23:39
An SLS rocket at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida on June 15, 2022 (AFP/Eva Marie UZCATEGUI)
NASA's fourth attempt to complete a critical test of the rocket it will send to the moon has achieved nearly 90% of its goals, officials said Tuesday, but a launch date has yet to be set.
This test is the last US space agency test ahead of this summer's Artemis-1 mission: a lunar flight without passengers, which will then be followed by a capsule this time carrying humans but perhaps not before 2026.
Kennedy Space Center teams launched the test on Saturday. The goal: fill the tanks of the SLS rocket with liquid fuel, start the countdown to takeoff and simulate unexpected events, then empty the tanks.
Three previous attempts saw problems compounding and it was impossible to feed the rocket with hundreds of thousands of gallons of supercooled liquid hydrogen and oxygen.
On Monday, engineers were finally able to fill the tanks. But they also had to deal with a new hydrogen leakage problem that they couldn't solve.
"I would say we're occupying 90 percent of where we need to be overall," Artemis mission director Mike Sarafin told reporters on Tuesday.
He added that NASA is still deciding whether it needs another rehearsal or whether it can be launched directly. The agency previously said an August window for Artemis-1 is possible.
NASA officials have repeatedly stressed that delays in testing new systems were common in the days of Apollo, for example, and that problems affecting the massive SLS rocket were not a major concern.
See also Zelda video game cartridge sold for 730,000 euros at auction (AFP)
With the Orion capsule installed at the top, Block 1 of the SLS is 98 meters tall – taller than the Statue of Liberty, but slightly smaller than the Saturn V rockets that supported the Apollo missions to the Moon.
Artemis-1 is supposed to travel on the far side of the moon this summer during a test flight.
Artemis-2 will be the first crewed test, flying around the moon but not landing, while Artemis-3 sees the first woman and first person to land on the moon's south pole.
NASA wants to establish a permanent presence on the Moon and use it as a testing ground for technologies needed for a mission to Mars in the 2030s.
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Comparison of new generation and PC versions


We pioneered the Cell Painting assay and are devising novel computational methods to analyze the resulting data (known as morphological profiles). We use this rich, image-based information to identify patterns resulting from chemical or genetic perturbations to probe the causes and cures for various diseases. You can read more about this and other areas of active research at our group's website.


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Enquire about our PBF Australia's sports event injury cover and join the fight against spinal cord injury.
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Stay in a comfortable One Bedroom Villa and enjoy a one hour relaxation treatment for 1 person in our massage clinic with a bottle of bubbles & antipasto platter.
Round it all off with a choice of mouth-watering desserts of in our MacKinnon Restaurant overlooking stunning Lake Te Anau or lie back and get it delivered to your room because at this stage you might be horizontal.
Desserts consist of... homemade rich chocolate tart, summer berries, fresh cream, mint ice cream or honey & thyme brûlé, grilled pears, lemon sorbet & biscotti served with a glass of dessert wine.
Sleep in and enjoy a 12pm check out.
FREE UNLIMITED WiFi and parking are included during your stay.
Valid for stays 1 May - 31 October 2019.
Set amongst expansive gardens, situated to the rear of the hotel, these cosy private rooms have a separate lounge for your added comfort. Ensuite features a shower.
Sorry, rates and availability information is not accessible for selected dates. Please contact us by email: reservations@distinctionteanau.co.nz with your enquiry. Thank you.


Snacks are often considered to be unnecessary and unhealthy items that spoil our health and daily eating routine. In fact it is a small meal taken between the meals so that you don't just jump on whole meals and end up eating more and gain fat. Snacks help maintain your weight naturally. But before you take up a packet of snacks, it's important that you ensure that it is organic and healthy in nature. A healthy snack is the one that provides you energy and is also delicious to eat. Healthy products like organic cookies, organic cereals, organic dry fruits, and many more organic items are considered as healthy snacks.
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• Organic snacks enhance the quality of diet and increase our nutrient intake.
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• Organic snacks are processed through natural methods and are high in taste and health.