Adobe Animate is a powerful tool for creating vector graphics. It's also a great place to start learning 2D digital animation.
Building on the legacy of Flash, Adobe Animate has positioned itself as an important player in the animation industry.
Despite its name, Animate can do so much more than just animate vector graphics. Advanced users could even work to create game assets or design their own video games.
Like its predecessor, Adobe Animate was designed for easy-of-use. And while it doesn't take long to pick up the basics you may still want some guidance.
These lessons are meant to guide your learning as you mess around with various tools and techniques in Animate. When you follow an individual tutorial I suggest applying the lessons learned directly to your work. Building on your knowledge this way will help you improve faster.
I've split this guide into free and paid sections so you can quickly skim to find exactly what you're looking for.
There's a ton of free videos out there for Adobe Animate. I've saved you some leg work by organizing all of the best tutorials that are great for beginners.
Now you can focus on learning Adobe Animate instead of looking for lessons!
By following these tutorials you'll quickly learn to create your very own animations right at home.
For this list I looked for videos that are both informative and easy-to-follow with good teachers and a clear presentation.
This massive video from Draw with Jazza will teach you everything you need to get started with Adobe Animate.
Split into 8 parts, Jazza walks you through creating your own project from scratch. By the end you'll know enough to start your own projects and unleash your creativity.
Over an hour and a half long for this first part, this tutorial is a powerhouse of useful information.
Not only will you learn the fundamentals of Adobe Animate, you'll also get a short lesson on the background behind the software and its divergence from Flash.
This ultimate guide by Jazza is incredibly valuable even by professional standards. And it's completely free on YouTube where it has over 1.3 million views.
Not hard to see why Jazza is such a popular art teacher.
This short series by Software Soldier is aimed at beginners who want to get up to speed as quickly as possible.
By the end of part 2 you'll know all the basic tools and operations needed to create your first animation.
Software Soldier delivers an effective crash course in part 1, teaching the ropes of creating vector shapes and text. There's some in-depth discussion into the various ways to transform an object for greater customization too.
After getting beyond the basics you'll learn about motion paths and how to use them for your own motion graphics effects. This series walks you through the animation process step-by-step making it very easy to follow along.
The whole series is less than half an hour and well worth the time. I recommend it to anyone looking to learn Adobe Animate as quickly as possible.
In this tutorial series you'll learn the techniques required to turn a simple landscape into lush animation that pops off the screen, all starting with some sketches.
Creating complex vector art is all about using layers to your advantage. By stacking shapes and paying close attention to your values it's pretty easy to create satisfying visual effects.
This video is a great example of how simple shapes, pleasing color schemes, and an eye for value can yield satisfying results quickly in Adobe Animate. In the right hands it's amazingly easy to create complicated scenes in a short amount of time.
gotoAnimate has a bunch of handy Animate CC videos available on their YouTube channel.
Take the time to browse their selection if you're interested in learning some more advanced techniques.
In this short tutorial NaughtyEgg Draw introduces the fundamentals of character animation in Adobe Animate.
Using these techniques you can more easily create lifelike and expressive animations.
Breaking a character into pieces—like a cut-out doll—is a fast and effective way to great animations.
In traditional animation this technique was done using pieces of paper and a camera. The artist would move the paper cut-outs into place and then snap a picture, creating one frame of animation.
Thanks to software like Adobe Animate we can achieve this effect much, much faster using vector graphics. The instructor here will walk you through the whole process using his self-portrait.
If you liked this video there's plenty more out there. Check out NaughtyEgg Draw's channel for a ton of other Adobe Animate tutorials.
Kyle Kipfer is another popular YouTube teacher in the art space. In this excellent tutorial he teaches how to animate a flying bird graphic by combining the transform tool and the timeline.
Kyle shows you the basic workflow for creating vector graphics as well.
Starting with a reference image he traces the graphics, using good artistic judgement to create various shapes that represent the values(dark, mid, and light).
The best part of working with vector graphics is how malleable they are. They're generated programmatically which mean it's easy to manipulate their size and various properties.
This is how Adobe Animate remembers the frames of our flying bird.
Kyle has a bunch of great videos on Adobe Animate and other Adobe programs so be sure to check out his channel when you're done with the bird.
Making believable animations can be hard even with amazing software.
That's why artist Cordova is here to cover the principles of dynamic animation using Adobe Animate.
Using frame-by-frame animation and hand-drawn stick figures, Cordova shows you how to design exciting character animation from scratch.
By paying special attention to the pacing of the action as well as the pose of the figures, a lot of information is conveyed in only a few frames.
In this case Cordova animates a fight between two stick figures. If you have a drawing tablet this exercise will be a lot of fun and much like making a stick figure flip book with paper and pencil.
This tutorial is only seven minutes long so it's not a big commitment. Practice these techniques using stick figures just like Cordova to develop a sense of action and timing.
Getting a strong animation at this skill level is important. If it doesn't work now it won't work with a more detailed drawing either. Try posing your own characters and making them move using your new knowledge of Adobe Animate.
Drawing frame animations can be tedious and slow.
Another method for character animation involves creating a bone structure to represent joints in the figure. ArtTips shows you how to use Adobe Animate to create a simple rig using a series of bones.
Not only is it faster to animate characters using bones, it's also possible to create constraints so that the bones behave in a more life-like manner.
For example, in this tutorial a constraint is applied to the character's head so it can only move in certain directions. This ensures that the head is never accidently placed upside down or in some other impossible position.
Little tidbits like this go a long way when trying to learn new software.
In this tutorial artist Moolt has a few tips and tricks for drawing animations frame-by-frame.
Starting with a rough storyboard layer Moolt walks you through building your keyframes and then fleshing out the animation with tweens.
Usually animators like to start with the key action frames called keyframes. These frames will set the stage for the main action in the scene.
Once these frames are drawn the animator will fill in the frames between the keyframes. These frames are called tweens and they make the animation a lot more fluid.
This video has a lot of excellent tips that can speed up your work flow in Adobe Animate.
Drawing animation frame-by-frame is hard work. Taking full advantage of the software's tools will save you time in the long run.
Moolt is fulltime animator at Warner Brothers Animation working on the Teen Titans Go! TV show. This channel has a lot of great videos about Adobe Animate and animation in general, and you can clearly tell this is the work of a pro.
Walk cycles are the bread and butter of character animation.
Mastering them is an important step on the path to becoming a competent character animator. In this tutorial, cartoonsmart provides a quick demo to demystify the process.
You'll learn how to setup a character rig using pivot points to control the movement of the various joints in the body. Next you'll see how separating each part into its own individual layer can make animation much easier and cleaner.
Finally you'll learn about the key poses of the walk cycle and how to use classic motion to create between frames.
As a bonus the artist also shows how to play with timing and easing to add style to your walk cycle.
In the end you'll have fully-rigged, walking character robot thing.
Once you've completed this tutorial you can apply these techniques to your own characters and animate them however you'd like.
There's no shortage of paid tutorials out there for digital animators. But not all of them are super helpful and not all of them cover topics that'll improve your animation skills.
I've found some of the best premium Adobe Animate courses online to help develop your skills.
Self-learning is great, but it can be difficult knowing how to advance. High-quality videos like these are delivered by professionals in the animation industry so they can help you become a stronger artist and animator by directing your learning through good habits and a proper curriculum for study.
Every great artist likely had a great teacher or mentor.
And thanks to the Internet you have access to some amazingly talented teachers who can teach you the skills you need to reach your creative potential.
Free tutorials on YouTube are great place to start, but they can only take you so far.
To improve you skills you'll eventually want a more comprehensive course that can fill in the gaps and take you to a professional level.
This course from Bloop Animation has it all.
With over 36 hours of instructions you'll learn the complete workflow for creating professional quality animations in Adobe Animate.
You'll get an extensive look at the timeline and the various types of animations you can develop with this program. It's really like a full beginner's boot camp into Adobe Animate from start to finish.
Once you've mastered the basics this course will walk you through advanced features like using bones for character animation, lip-sync facial animations, and adding audio to your projects. And there's tips on how to export your animations as videos to publish online.
This is a fast-paced course meant for animation students who are eager to learn. If you're tired of wasting time and struggling to pick up Adobe Animate then definitely try out this course.
We also did a full review of Bloop Animation's course library if you want to read through that as well. It might give you a better idea of what to expect in their videos.
This introductory course by Mustafa Pracha is perfect for animators just starting out in vector graphics.
Geared towards animation beginners, this Udemy course will walk your through the interface and teach you the basics with well-paced, easy-to-learn instructions.
This course comes with 2 and half hours of instructional video, multiple assignments, and a practice test.
By then end you'll have the knowledge to create your own vector graphic animations and presentations with ease.
Now each lesson of the course is focused on one topic at a time, so you can develop skills at your own pace and work through chapters comfortably. It's also structured very well.
If you're a complete beginner to vector graphics or have had trouble learning to navigate the complicated interface of Adobe Animate, you'll want to check out this series.
It's not very long but it does have some great lessons aimed at complete beginners.
Being a part of the Adobe Creative Cloud, Animate CC works alongside other applications to create a more integrated workflow for artists.
Anyone who does creative work should know just how powerful Adobe's software can be.
In this course you'll learn how to use Animate CC with applications like Photoshop and Illustrator to save time and speed up your workflow.
If you have experience with Photoshop and Illustrator you can take advantage of those skills in Animate CC. Also through these lessons you'll learn how to utilize many of Adobe's programs to make better looking graphics for your animations.
The instructor Joseph Labrecque is an interactive software engineer at the University of Denver. Through this two-hour course you'll see how a professional takes advantage of the Creative Cloud to design content and manage assets in a real professional setting.
Now only will you learn how to import graphics from other programs, you'll also dive into exporting your animations into applications like After Effects, InDesign, and Dreamweaver.
By the end of this beginner level course you'll have a solid grasp of how to take take full advantage of the Creative Cloud with Animate.
Yes this isn't exactly focused on the specifics of animation but it does cover a lot of tricks for newbies just getting into the Adobe environment.
Here's a much more detailed course with a solid focus on the Animate software also from the Pluralsight library.
They offer a free trial to all new members so it's actually one of the better place to start learning software. We wrote a very detailed review of Pluralsight so you should definitely give that a read if you want an inside look into the Pluralsight learning platform.
Now Mathew Pizzi's beginner-to-intermediate level course is aimed at people looking to push their animation skills to the next level.
Whether you're just starting out with Adobe Animate or you're looking to brush up on your animation skills, Pizzi's series will be perfect for you.
Animate CC can be used for so many different types of projects including web content, videos and films, applications, and video games.
This course will focus on developing strong fundamentals in the software's UI that will help no matter what you want to do.
Mastering the working environment and various animation tools is a focus of this course. Becoming familiar with symbols and how they're used, along with the entire animation workflow, can only help you pick up skills faster.
Having so many features at your disposal is part of what makes Animate CC great.
But what if you just want to use it for animation and have no need for stuff like scripting and web banners?
This course is an excellent starting point for students interested in traditional animation who want to take advantage of the power of Animate CC.
This six hour long series by professional animator Eric Lee walks you through the steps necessary to create dramatic animations from scratch.
You'll start with traditional exercises like making a simple ball bounce on screen. Then you'll move onto character art and facial expressions.
Deeper in this course you'll learn about the principles of animation and how to use arcs and antics to build a character that feels true to life.
Lee has over decade of experience working for high profile clients like Google. By the end of this course you'll have the skills to create your own digital animations and the confidence to animate on your own.
This course by instructor Chad Troftgruben offers an in-depth look at a walking animation in Animate CC.
There are many free videos on YouTube about this topic, but none get into this much detail so I highly recommend this for aspiring animators.
You'll go hands-on with creating a walk cycle using a host of methods covered in a library of short, easy-to-follow videos.
You'll learn how to break the walk cycle down into its various parts, using them as guides to help shape the overall motion and the character's natural gait.
Learning to control the motion of the character is essential for expressive animation.
Other advanced topics are also covered in detail inside this course. You'll learn about using drag to create more dynamic movement, and you'll add some finishing touches like a blinking eye and even a little background art.
By the time you've finished this course you'll know how a walk cycle should look and how to achieve it using Animate CC.
And again, Pluralsight offers a totally free trial for new signups so you can join and take all of these courses for the trial period, then cancel without paying a dime.
If you like their lessons it can be worth subscribing monthly because they cover everything from Adobe Animate to Unity and even modeling/rigging software. It's a true animator's dream of learning materials all in this one massive online library.


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School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Transportation Informatics
University Transportation Center
TransInfo Partners
Research Centers and Facilities
4/6/20 The Stephen Still Institute for Sustainable Transportation and Logistics
About Buffalo Niagara
Transportation Operations
Travel Behavior Modeling
Strengthening the Information Technology Content
Connecting Students to Transportation Industry Employers
6/14/19 TransInfo Research Areas
Honors, Awards and Recognitions
Annual TransInfo Symposium
CUTC 2017 Annual Summer Meeting
Transportation Programs Seminar Series
TRB Annual Meetings
Transportation Informatics University Transportation Center >
Our Research >
Safety >
Mobile Accident Data Collection & Sharing
Application Development for Mobile Data Collection and Sharing for Vehicle Accidents
See the UTC Project Information Form here
TransInfo CARS Final Project Report UPRM 1.pdf
In the present day, data for vehicle accidents in Puerto Rico for the past five years are not available. Graduate students from the University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Campus (UPRM) who wish to develop a research project regarding vehicle accidents cannot focus on data from Puerto Rico due to the lack of this type of information; these students have to rely on either out-of-date data or records from other countries.
Vehicle accidents in Puerto Rico are documented by the police officer at the scene, who prepares an initial report to be kept at the police station and a second report to be sent to the Central Station. At the Central Station, statistics are computed and shared with the Puerto Rico DTOP. The process of transferring the data from the Central Station to the DTOP, however, is flawed, and has resulted in a database that is currently not updated and therefore, not reliable.
The main goal of the research study is to develop a mobile computer application for documenting and sharing data regarding vehicular accidents. The developed application will benefit the police workforce, the Puerto Rico DTOP, and higher education institutions by providing the means to collect accident data accurately and making it available for further research . The detailed objectives are:
1. Determine relevant data needed from accident reports and the key features of this data. This first step will help in the creation of reports, the development of the database and the proper transfer of the data to other interested agencies.
2. Conduct an extensive literature survey on off-the-shelf equipment, and available software platforms for the development and deployment of the mobile application.
3. Select the proper architecture for the mobile application software and reporting system. The initial system will be deployed at a small-scale; however the design must be scalable.
4. Develop a mobile application that will substitute the police report that is filed in the field when a vehicle accident is reported.
5. Develop an accident data sharing system among the interested parties (i.e. local police station, central police station, Puerto Rico DTOP, and higher-education institutions). The collected data and reports could be available to the general public.
6. Use data mining algorithms on the collected accident report data to develop transportation informatics.
Researchers: Dr. Ivette Cruzado (Associate Professor, Civil Engineering and Surveying Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Campus) and Dr. Manuel Rodriguez-Martinez (Professor, Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez Campus)
Partners: Police Workforce, Puerto Rico Department of Transportation and Public Works (DTOP, by its acronym in Spanish)
Data Sources: Accident data from police reports, surveys from police officers, and historical data on vehicle accidents from the DTOP.
GMU is a young university that has made impressive strides in size, stature and influence. Today, GMU is Virginia's largest public research university.
Leader Scholar:
Dr. Shangjian Zhu
RPI is America's first technological research university and a leader in educating men and women in vanguard technological and scientific fields.
Dr. Xuegang (Jeff) Ban
UB is the premier public research university in the northeastern United States and the largest and most comprehensive campus in the 64-campus SUNY system.
Leader Scholar: Dr. Adel W. Sadek
University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez
The Mayagüez Campus of the University of Puerto Rico is a co-educational, bilingual, and non-sectarian school with 106 years of educational excellence.
Dr. Ivette Cruzado
CUBRC
CUBRC is a leading research, development, testing and systems integration company specializing in the areas of data science and information fusion; chemical, biological and medical sciences; and aeronautics.
See all TransInfo Partners
Transportation Informatics University Transportation Center (TransInfo)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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(31) Ohio To Kick Off Season 11 against (56) Ann Arbor
03/17/2016 In Talk Derby To Me By Andrew Marron
Ohio Roller Derby starts their campaign for a sixth straight postseason berth this weekend as they welcome the Ann Arbor Derby Dimes to Columbus for the 2016 season opener. Ohio, currently ranked #31 in the world according to the most recent WFTDA rankings release, has never played Ann Arbor prior to this season. The Ann Arbor Brawlstars, currently ranked #56, have simply been shooting up the rankings over the past season. To give you an idea of their upward trajectory, the Brawlstars were ranked #85 at the beginning of the 2015 season. Currently at #56, Ann Arbor already qualifies for the Division II playoffs as long as they stay in the top 60. Jumping 29 places in the rankings over a twelve month period is a testament to the talent that is on the Brawlstar squad.
Much of the Ann Arbor roster is still intact from last season, meaning they haven't had to worry about transfers or retirements. A main reason for their rise in rank is the fact that they have a very deep bench. Ann Arbor uses a five jammer rotation, and all five are capable of putting up a lot of points on the board. Fans of derby making their way out to the bout this weekend can expect to hear the names Lezzie Arnaz, Bex, Slamuel L. Jackson, Terror Misu, and Track Magic as they will all likely take turns wearing the jammer star. Since the roster didn't have a lot of changeover from last season, the defensive core of the Brawlstars is expected to be even better than they were in 2015. Anchoring the blocking scheme will be Lethal, Fracture Mechanics, Michelle O'Bomb Ya, and Slamlet. Also making regular rotations in the pack for the Brawlstars will be Dr. Maims U, Jacky O'Bashes, Strawberries N Scream, and Jadzia Smax.
Last season, Ann Arbor went 12-3 in sanctioned play with key victories over Cincinnati, DC, Burning River, Grand Raggidy, North Star, and Killamazoo. Over the course of the season, the Brawlstars played in three multi-bout weekend tournaments, including the Big O in Eugene (OR), Midwest Brewhaha in Milwaukee (WI), and the Mitten Kitten Mashup in Michigan. Conversely, Ohio Roller Derby went 13-9 in 2015, with key victories over Charm City, Toronto, Nashville, Naptown, Windy City, and Rideau Valley.
With the postseason retirements of Ena Flash, HellionBOI, and Amy Spears, Ohio Roller Derby has had to fill multiple vacancies with new transfer skaters and graduates from Gang Green. Making their debut for Ohio's charter team will be Betty T. Kayo, a transfer skater from the D.C. Rollergirls, and Blitz Lemon, who is now a member of the charter team. Ohio will also look to skaters Val Holla, Stevie Brown (formerly Slammerhead), and KloverKill to add quality playing time as they each have a full season of charter team competition under their belts.
Following the Ohio Roller Derby and Ann Arbor Brawlstars bout, Ohio's Gang Green will take on the Arbor Bruising Co., the reserve squad for Ann Arbor. Making their debut for Gang Green will be Kruel-Aid, a transfer skater from Chemical Valley, and Bruss Knuckles. Longtime fans of Ohio Roller Derby will also get to see the return of Foxy Force, an original skater for Ohio back in the earlier years of the league. Tickets are going quickly and the bout is likely to be sold out by Saturday afternoon. To ensure you get to see Ohio kick off their 2016 campaign, get your tickets ahead of time at http://www.ohiorollerderby.net.
Photos by Joe Mac
#asseenincolumbus#hipcheck614#OHRDas seen in columbusblitz lemoncolumbuscolumbus ohio sportscolumbus sportsgang greenkloverkillohio expo centerohio roller derbyroller derbyroller derby columbuswftdawhat to do in columbus ohio


The question I am really asking is Can your customers see you on their mobile device?
A responsive website provides the best viewing and interaction experience — easy to read and navigate with a minimum of resizing, panning, and scrolling – across a wide range of devices (from desktop computer monitors to mobile phones).
Responsive web design is becoming more important as the amount of mobile traffic now accounts for more than half of total internet traffic. This trend is so prevalent that since April 2015 Google has been boosting the ratings of sites that are mobile friendly if the search was made from a mobile device.
So in other words this has the net effect of penalizing sites that are not mobile friendly.
Call us on now 01328 738 333 for more information about making your website responsive.


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Home » Forums » The Sciences » Science
AAS Space news thread
Posted on: May 29, 2007 - 12:17pm
28 new planets, 7 new brown dwarfs reported by California, Carnegie team
Public release date: 28-May-2007
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Contact: Robert Sanders
Honolulu, Hawaii – The world's largest and most prolific team of planet hunters announced today (Monday, May 28) the discovery of 28 new planets outside our solar system, increasing to 236 the total number of known exoplanets.
University of California, Berkeley, post-doctoral fellow Jason T. Wright and newly minted Ph.D. John Asher Johnson reported the new exoplanets at a noon media briefing at the semi-annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) in Honolulu. The findings are a result of the combined work of the California and Carnegie Planet Search team and the Anglo-Australian Planet Search team.
The planets are among 37 new objects – all of them orbiting a star, but smaller than a star –discovered by the teams within the past year. Seven of the 37 are confirmed brown dwarfs, which are failed stars that are nevertheless much more massive than the largest, Jupiter-sized planets. Two others are borderline and could be either large, gas giant planets or small brown dwarfs.
Wright said the research teams have become much more sophisticated in their analyses and are able to detect smaller planets as well as planets farther from their parent stars. In both cases, he said, these planets produce much smaller wobbles in the parent star, making them harder to detect.
"We've added 12 percent to the total in the last year, and we're very proud of that," said Wright of the 28 new exoplanets. "This provides new planetary systems so that we can study their properties as an ensemble."
The California and Carnegie Planet Search team is headed by Geoffrey Marcy, professor of astronomy at UC Berkeley; Paul Butler of the Carnegie Institution of Washington; Debra Fischer of San Francisco State University; and Steve Vogt, professor of astronomy at UC Santa Cruz. The Anglo-Australian Planet Search team is headed by Chris Tinney of the University of New South Wales and Hugh Jones of the University of Hertfordshire. They and colleagues Shannon Patel of UC Santa Cruz and Simon O'Toole of the Anglo-Australian Observatory have published their exoplanet results in papers over the past year, but the AAS meeting is the first time the teams have presented their findings together.
In addition to reporting 37 new substellar objects, Wright singled out an exoplanet discovered by their teams two years ago as "extraordinarily rich." Circling the star Gliese 436 (GJ 436), a red M dwarf only 30 light years from Earth, was an ice-giant planet the teams calculated to be at least 22 Earth masses, slightly larger than the mass of Neptune (17 Earth masses). After the discovery in 2004 and publication of the exoplanet's orbit earlier this year, a Belgian astronomer, Michael Gillon at Liege University, observed the planet crossing in front of the star – the first Neptune-sized planet observed to transit a star. Gillon and colleagues reported two weeks ago how this transiting planet allowed them to precisely pin down the mass, 22.4 Earth masses, and to calculate the planet's radius and density, which turns out to be similar to Neptune's.
"From the density of two grams per cubic centimeter – twice that of water – it must be 50 percent rock and about 50 percent water, with perhaps small amounts of hydrogen and helium," Marcy said. "So this planet has the interior structure of a hybrid super-Earth/Neptune, with a rocky core surrounded by a significant amount of water compressed into solid form at high pressures and temperatures."
Its short, 2.6-day orbit around Gliese 436 means the exoplanet is very close to the star – only 3 percent of the sun-Earth distance – making it a hot Neptune, Wright said. It also has an eccentric orbit, not a circular orbit like most giant planets found orbiting close to their parent stars. This orbit, in fact, suggests that the star may have another planetary companion in a more distant orbit.
"I'm sure people will immediately follow up and try to measure the atmospheric composition of this planet." Wright predicted.
Also among the 28 new exoplanets are at least four new multiple-planet systems, plus three stars that probably contain a brown dwarf as well as a planet. Wright said that at least 30 percent of all stars known to have planets have more than one. Because smaller planets and outer planets of a star are harder to detect, he predicts that the percentage will continue to rise as detection methods improve.
"We're just now getting to the point where, if we were observing our own solar system from afar, we would be seeing Jupiter," he said, pointing out that the teams' Doppler technique is now sensitive to stellar wobbles of a meter per second, much less than the 10-meter per second limit they started out with 15 years ago.
Wright keeps track of all known exoplanets for the California and Carnegie Planet Search team's Web site, http://exoplanets.org, which hosts the only peer-reviewed catalog of exoplanets within 200 parsecs (652 light years) of Earth. This includes "everything that is close enough to study and possibly follow up with imaging," he said.
Three of the newly reported planets are around large stars between 1.6 and 1.9 times the mass of our sun. Johnson has focused on exoplanets around massive stars, known as A and F stars, with masses between 1.5 and 2.5 solar masses. Planets around these massive stars are normally very hard to detect because they typically rotate fast and have pulsating atmospheres, effects that can hide or mimic the signal from an orbiting planet. He discovered, however, that cooler "retired" A stars – "subgiant" stars that have nearly completed hydrogen burning and have stabilized for a short period of time – are more stable, making planet-caused wobbles detectable.
So far, Johnson has tracked down six previously discovered exoplanets around retired A stars, and by combining this set with the three newly discovered exoplanets, has been able to draw preliminary conclusions. For one, planets around more massive stars seem to be farther from their host stars, Johnson said.
"Only one of the 9 planets is within 1 AU (astronomical unit, or 93 million miles), and none of them is within 0.8 AU, of their host stars, which is very different than the distribution around sun-like stars," he said, noting that many sun-like stars harbor hot gas giants that whip around their host stars in two to 100 days. Even though such planets are easier to detect, no such planets have been detected orbiting retired A stars, whose typical planets have an orbital distance about equal to Earth's orbit or greater, with an orbital period of a few years.
Based on the results of his search for planets around retired A stars, Johnson has discovered that massive stars are more likely to harbor Jupiter-sized planets than are lower-mass stars. The chance of having a Jupiter-like, giant planet orbiting within 2 AU is 8.7 percent for stars between 1.3 and 2 solar masses, versus 4 percent for sun-like stars with masses ranging from 0.7 solar masses to 1.3 solar masses, and 1.2 percent for M stars with less than 0.7 solar masses. As would be expected from the core accretion model of planet formation, large planets are more often observed around massive stars, probably because these stars start out with more material in their disks during the early formation period.
Johnson will continue to focus on the retired A stars, 450 of which have been added to the teams' target list. As more planets are discovered around subgiants, it should become clearer whether larger orbits are "a result of different formation and migration mechanisms in the disks of A–type stars, or simply a consequence of the small number of massive subgiants currently surveyed," he and colleagues wrote in a paper submitted in April to the Astrophysical Journal.
The California and Carnegie Planet Search team uses telescopes at the University of California's Lick Observatory and the W. M. Keck Observatory in Hawaii. The Anglo-Australian Planet Search uses the Anglo-Australian Observatory. Together, these teams have discovered more than half of all known exoplanets.
The work is funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the W. M. Keck Observatory, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, the Anglo-Australian Observatory and the UC Observatories.
‹ If you found E=mc2 in DNA would you believe 28 New Exoplanets Discovered ›
Posted on: May 29, 2007 - 12:17pm #1
Public release date:
Spitzer nets thousands of galaxies in a giant cluster
Contact: Bob Naeye
This false-color mosaic of the central region of the Coma cluster combines infrared and visible-light images to reveal thousands of faint objects (green). Follow-up observations showed that many of these... Click here for more information.
In just a short amount of time, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope has bagged more than a thousand previously unknown dwarf galaxies in a giant cluster of galaxies.
Despite their diminutive sizes, dwarf galaxies play a crucial role in cosmic evolution. Astronomers think they were the first galaxies to form, and they provided the building blocks for larger galaxies. They are by far the most numerous galaxies in our Universe, and are an important tracer of the large-scale structure of the cosmos. Computer simulations of cosmic evolution suggest that high-density regions of the Universe, such as giant clusters, should contain significantly more dwarf galaxies than astronomers have observed to date.
A team led by Leigh Jenkins and Ann Hornschemeier, both at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., used Spitzer to study the Coma cluster, an enormous congregation of galaxies 320 million light-years away in the constellation Coma. The cluster contains hundreds of previously known galaxies that span a volume 20 million light-years across.
Jenkins, Hornschemeier, and their collaborators used data from Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) to study galaxies at the cluster's center. They also targeted an outlying region with the goal of comparing the galaxy populations in the different locations to see how environmental variations influence the evolution of galaxies. They stitched together 288 individual Spitzer exposures, each lasting 70 to 90 seconds, into a large mosaic covering 1.3 square degrees of sky.
The team found almost 30,000 objects, whose catalog will be made available to the astronomical community. Some of these are galaxies in the Coma cluster, but the team realized that a large fraction had to be background galaxies. Using data taken with the 4-meter (13 foot) William Herschel Telescope on the Canary island of La Palma, team member Bahram Mobasher of the Space Telescope Science Institute, in Baltimore, Md., measured distances to hundreds of galaxies in these fields to estimate what fraction are cluster members.
A surprising number turned out to be Coma galaxies. They appear to be comparable or even smaller in mass to the Small Magellanic Cloud, the Milky Way's second largest satellite galaxy. Jenkins estimates that about 1,200 of the 30,000 faint objects are dwarf galaxies in Coma, many more than have been identified in the past. Given that the observations only cover a portion of the cluster, the results imply a total dwarf galaxy population of at least 4,000.
Spitzer made these discoveries possible because it can survey large areas of sky very effectively. Even better, infrared observations in space can probe more deeply than ground-based near-infrared surveys because the sky background is up to 10,000 times darker.
"With Spitzer's superb capabilities, we have suddenly been able to detect thousands of faint galaxies that weren't seen before," says Jenkins. She is presenting these results on Monday at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Honolulu, Hawaii. The discovery paper will also appear in the Astrophysical Journal.
"We're blowing away previous infrared surveys of nearby clusters," adds Hornschemeier. "Thanks to Spitzer, we can observe nearby clusters such as Coma very deeply in a short amount of time. The total observing time is comparable to just a few nights at a ground-based observatory."
Additional Coma dwarf galaxies might be lurking in the Spitzer data, but more follow-up work is needed to determine how many. Hornschemeier and other astronomers are currently making deeper spectroscopic measurements with the 6.5-meter (21 foot) telescope of the MMT Observatory in Arizona, and the 10-meter (32 foot) Keck telescope in Hawaii, to find out how many of the faintest objects belong to the Coma cluster.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages the Spitzer Space Telescope mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. Science operations are conducted at the Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology, also in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA. Spitzer's IRAC was built by NASA Goddard. The instrument's principal investigator is Giovanni Fazio of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
JCE
BGH wrote: Based on the
BGH wrote:
These are both really interesting articles! The above paragraph caught my eye...does this have something to do with the gravitational pull of these stars being stronger because of their size or am I oversimplifying?
jce wrote: These are both
jce wrote:
Yeah, it kind of explains it there. A more massive star is theorized to start with more material in the accretion disc where the planets are formed, this would lend to the size of the planets making them naturally bigger.
Posted on: May 29, 2007 - 8:43pm #4
Slimm
Watch Them Revamp
In the future when we start finding life on other planets, it's gonna be funny to see how the theist try to revamp their beliefs to keep their faith. All I hope for is that it happens in my life-time...
Slimm,
"When one person suffers from a delusion, it is called Insanity. When many people suffer from a delusion, it is called Religion." - Robert M. Pirsig,
...and a very cool image
...and a very cool image from the Bad Astronomer:
28 New Exoplanets Discovered
From: http://news.yahoo.com/s/space/20070529/sc_space/28newexoplanetsdiscovered
Jeanna Bryner
SPACE.com Tue May 29, 7:01 AM ET
Updated 9:30 pm Eastern
HONOLULU-Astronomers have discovered 28 new planets outside of our solar system, increasing to 236 the number of known exoplanets, revealing that planets can exist around a broad spectrum of stellar types-from tiny, dim stars to giants.
"We added 12 percent to the total in the last year, and we're very proud of that," said one of the study team members Jason Wright of the University of California at Berkeley. "This provides new planetary systems so that we can study their properties as an ensemble."
The planets are among 37 new objects spotted within the past year. Seven of the objects are failed stars called brown dwarfs, with masses that dwarf the largest, Jupiter-sized planets but too small to sustain the nuclear reactions necessary for stellar ignition.
John Johnson of the University of California at Berkeley and his colleagues presented the findings here today at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS).
Astronomers don't directly spot extrasolar planets, but rather look for stellar wobbles caused by orbiting planets. The planet's size and distance from the parent star affect how strong or weak of a wobble, and more sophisticated techniques for measuring the stellar wobbles has led to an ever-lengthening list of such outer planets. Now they can detect wobbles of a meter per second compared with the 10-meter limit just 15 years ago.
Planet profiles
One of the exoplanets, orbiting a red M dwarf just 30 light-years from Earth, was discovered two years ago, but recent observations have allowed astronomers to pin down its mass, radius and density. The ice-giant planet circles the star Gliese 436 (GJ 436) and has a radius and density that are surprisingly similar to that of Neptune.
Weighing in at 22.4 Earth-masses, the exoplanet is the first Neptune-sized planet observed to transit a star. The previous record holder, dubbed HD 140926b, weighed in at 100 Earth masses, and Jupiter is 320 Earth masses.
"[Gliese 436b] must be 50 percent rock and about 50 percent water, with perhaps small amounts of hydrogen and helium," said head of the planet-search team Geoffrey Marcy, also of UC Berkeley. "So this planet has the interior structure of a hybrid super-Earth/Neptune, with a rocky core surrounded by a significant amount of water compressed into solid form at high pressures and temperatures."
Its 2.6-day orbit around GJ 436 means the hybrid planet circles very close to its star, just 3 percent of the Sun-Earth distance, and making it a hot Neptune. Unlike most giant planets found with such close ties to their stars, this planet has an eccentric orbit. The elongated orbit suggests the parent star could have another planetary companion with a more distant orbit.
"I'm sure people will immediately follow up and try to measure the atmospheric composition of this planet," Wright said.
GJ 436 is an M star and 70 percent of all stars are considered M-type stars, so finding that these dim stars can support planets could mean a boon for planet hunters.
At least four of the newly spotted planets belong to multiple-planet systems, supporting the idea that at least 30 percent of all planet-parent stars have more than one planetary companion. Since smaller planets and those outside our solar system are trickier to detect, Wright predicts this percentage will continue to rise as detection methods improve.
And three of the just-discovered planets circle stars that boast masses between 1.6 and 1.9 times that of our Sun. Planets orbiting these so-called A- and F-type stars are typically difficult to detect because the stars rotate fast and have pulsating atmospheres.
Due to their extreme rotational velocities and high temperatures, A and F stars only jitter slightly from orbiting planets and so surveys can only pick up wobbles from super-massive planets and brown dwarfs in short-period orbits around these stars.
Johnson discovered that "retired" A stars, which have nearly burned all of their hydrogen and remain stable for a short stint, have slower rotation rates and are not so hot. That makes it easier for astronomers to measure their planet-caused wobbles.
Unlike planets orbiting M-type stars, these exoplanets tend to orbit at least 0.8 astronomical units (AU) from the parent stars.
For this reason, massive stars are more likely to harbor Jupiter-sized planets than are lower-mass stars, Johnson said. And retired A-type stars are twice as likely to support planets compared with Sun-like stars, which Johnson attributes to the fact that bigger stars start out with more material in their disks to feed planet building.
So these massive stars also could represent a treasure trove for places to spot new exoplanets, along with the M stars, Johnson said.
Atheist Books, purchases on Amazon support the Rational Response Squad server.


Most people who even know the term, think of open source software as software you don't have to pay for. I'd like to use my tiny blog as a platform to help eliminate that limited and even incorrect view. I think the best way to explain the reality of open source is to give an example of what makes it different from other types of software.
For the longest time, I had no real invoicing system for my independent contract work. I just never found anything that I really liked and rarely found the inspiration to go looking. But recently, I got in the mood to find a long-term solution. What I found was a lot of hosted solutions, a lot of closed source 'for-purchase' solutions, and a lot of second-rate software.


The Datsusara Joe Rogan Hemp Utility Belt is a nod to our friend Joe Rogan who loves his "fanny packs". originally we made this just for fun but it's very useful for cage side medics and other actives where you just need a bit more gear for your adventures. You can also attach the JRUB to any our bags which feature the MOLLE webbing, such as the BP, LBP, and CEB.


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Book Launch: The World Turned Upside Down: Maintaining American Leadership in a Dangerous Age
On December 11, 2017, the Aspen Strategy Group (ASG) held its annual book launch in Washington, DC to celebrate the release of their policy publication, "The World Turned Upside Down: Maintaining American leadership in a Dangerous Age". The book highlights insights from the 2017 summer workshop, and is a compilation of policy papers by ASG members and national security experts.
The event featured a collection of eminent speakers and book contributors. Senator Dan Sullivan (R – AK) began the event with the view from Capitol Hill on the state of American foreign policy. He highlighted promising bipartisan developments that he has witnessed as a member of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, and addressed some areas of US foreign policy that need to be improved, particularly regarding our relationships with traditional allies in Europe.
Steve Biegun, Vice President at the Ford Motor Company and contributing author, spoke about the current state of US trade relations, the failure of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), and what can be done to build public trust and enthusiasm for free trade agreements. Richard Danzig, Senior Advisor at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, presented lessons learned from his paper on how rapid and dramatic technological developments will impact liberal conceptions of democracy and individual freedom.
These presentations were followed by two panels featuring senior members of the American foreign policy and national security community. The first featured Madeleine Albright, former US Secretary of State, and Bill Cohen, former US Secretary of Defense, in a conversation moderated by Nicholas Burns about American leadership in the international system. The Washington Post's David Ignatius moderated the program's final panel between former national security advisors Susan Rice and Stephen Hadley, who addressed some of the most pressing current national security issues facing the US and reflected on priorities for President Trump's national security staff, as they see them. Stephen Hadley and Madeleine Albright also contributed papers to the book, in which they explain their ideas on these issues in greater detail.
To view videos of the event, please visit CSPAN's website.
To learn more about the book or to order now, click here.
Mon Dec 11, 2017
Aspen Strategy Group


Sometimes, parties believe their problems are best settled between themselves without involving lawyers. This method is often referred to as "kitchen table discussions" because they often take place, literally, at a kitchen table. If all issues are uncontested and can be decided and resolved by the parties in this manner, this is an extremely cost-effective way to obtain a divorce.
Collaborative Divorce is a fast-emerging concept becoming increasingly popular in New Hampshire divorce cases. If a couple chooses the collaborative route, they and their lawyers sign an agreement promising not to litigate the issues and work together toward resolving issues without adversarial court hearings. Often times, a collaborative divorce is a healthier alternative to battling out the issues in Court.
Mediation is another alternative for resolving a divorce. In a mediation, a trained individual (the mediator) will run the meeting. The mediator will not favor either side, but will work with the parties to facilitate a meaningful discussion in an effort to resolve the issues. Because the mediator is a neutral party, he or she cannot offer legal advice. In mediation, the goal is to reach "The Place of Contentment" where neither side wins or loses, per se, but instead compromises to reach a result both parties can accept.
Another way an agreement can be reached is if the parties' divorce attorneys negotiate the issues on their clients' behalf. In this method, there will be several correspondences and exchanges between the attorneys and their clients.
If the parties have contested divorce issues and choose the litigation route, arbitration can be a more cost-effective and faster approach than the traditional court system. In arbitration, the parties select an arbitrator who is a licensed attorney in New Hampshire. The arbitrator hears the evidence of both sides and issues written findings. To read the family law on Arbitration of Domestic Relations Cases, click here.
In a contested divorce, the parties may choose to litigate the issues before a judge or marital master. Although this process can be more costly and lengthier than other routes (those involving domestic abuse, for example) litigation may be the best option for the parties. In these cases, the Court will decide all the contested issues and issue written findings accordingly.


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Q: Find the equation of the line of intersection of the planes; 13x +13y-6z=8 , 2x + 2y -6z=22 I don't know how to go about it ; my answers are far behind the objectives l  have.The objs. are in the form
x-a=-y-b=z-c=0

A: You have the following 2 equations:
$$13x + 13y -6z=8, \quad 2x+2y-6z=22.$$
Looking at the second one, we can find $z$ in terms of $x$ and $y$:
$$6z = 2x + 2y -22,$$
then plugging this into the first equation
$$13x + 13y - 2x - 2y + 22 = 8 \implies 11y + 11x + 14 =0$$
and this is the equation of the line of intersection.

A: The general method to solve these problems is to solve the system of linear equations. This can be done by converting it into a matrix equation and then using elementary row operations to obtain a solution space.
In your example, the system of equations is $$\begin{cases}13x+13y-6z=8\\2x+2y-6z=22\end{cases}$$
which corresponds the augmented matrix
$$\begin{bmatrix}13&13&-6&|&8\\2&2&-6&|&22\end{bmatrix}$$
Row reduce the above augmented matrix to obtain the solution space, which will be the line of intersection of the given planes (if such a line exists).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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PMO's diverse military background offers unique experiences
27 Oct 2016 | Lance Cpl. Ben McDonald Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort
MARINE CORPS AIR STATION BEAUFORT --
All military police officers are trained in distinctive skills that allow them help accomplish their command's mission. But, what separates them is the lessons learned through stories and experiences from the staff in their unit. That is where the Provost Marshal's Office of Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort stands out. It is the diverse military backgrounds of the officers in MCAS Beaufort's PMO that make the unit unique and effective in their duties.
The mission of PMO is to provide access control and a law enforcement capability for Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort. To protect the lives, property and rights of all residents, to maintain order, and to enforce the UCMJ, State, and Federal regulations. On any given day, PMO has around 250 officers on staff and they are a mix of Marines, civilians and contractors. Out of the civilians, all five military services are represented. Even some federal agencies are represented.
"It is really neat honestly," said Jeffrey McKamey, the Deputy Chief of Police for PMO. "We just hired two Coast Guardsman and now all five military services are represented in the unit."
Because of specified training throughout the different branches, each officer has a lesson, skill, or experience to bring to the PMO. Each officer has a range of skills that make them valuable to Fightertown's mission.
"We have some jurisdiction on the water in Beaufort and the maritime training given to our Navy and Coast Guard officers really helps us in that area," said McKamey. "The Coast Guard has a lot to offer on expanding our water security programs because of their law enforcement exercises conducted on the water."
Officers with a background in the Air Force bring unique experience pertaining to flight line security. The bulk of security concerns on Air Force installations revolve around flight operations.
"The Air Force can bring some different perspective due to their training." said Wildenthaler . "The Air Force is heavily reliant on security for the flight line and the Marine Corps is an infantry force more than anything. So the perspectives brought can be beneficial for all of PMO."
There are some members of PMO who have had no military experience and can still bring good perspectives to the unit. Civilian trained police officers are proficient in situations that don't necessarily occur on military installations such as traffic and crimes that need more investigative training.
"We have two state troopers and they have a lot more accident investigation and training when it comes to our highways." Wildenthaler said. "Our operations officer is able to bring a great deal of crime scene type analysis that Marines and county police do not necessarily have the training in."
The county and state police have a different approach when handling civilians on and around the base. Having someone trained to deal with civilians can be beneficial to PMO when patrolling throughout Beaufort.
"We have a police officer in Florida who comes up and does a couple of training classes," Wildenthaler said. "He shows us things they do on the outside. Different ways of dealing with situations. For example, interacting with people you have pulled over. They may not understand something like stopping for colors."
The interaction between civilian and military, and the diverse military backgrounds of the officers are what make MCAS Beuafort's PMO unique. Everyone can learn a little something from their counterpart just by listening to a story from their past. Everyday can be a learning experience with every new officer hired at MCAS Beaufort.
"It would get boring if we were all the same," Wildenthaler said. "Having all the different experiences, it gives people something to talk about experiences to share."
Marine Corps , Training , south carolina , navy , Florida , infantry , PMO , Air Force , Police , history , reserve , military , traffic , security , flight line , maintain , MCAS Beaufort , maritime , investigation , Parris Island , Civilian , LESSONS , protect , Diversity , order , Coast Guard , serve , UCMJ , Army Aviation , Finesse , Interactions , Air Guard , Enforce


Located in the desirable mobile home park of Greenstone Estates - this home has an outdoor covered porch with new carpet. Newer counter tops, french door refrigerator brighten up the kitchen. Charming outdoor area with mature greenery, a waterfall and built in fireplace in the backyard perfect for relaxing! Built in workshop at the end of the carport. The club house is close and the home does not back up to Mother Lode Drive. Washer, Dryer and Refrigerator stay with home.
4700 Old French Town Road #42, Shingle Springs, CA 95682 (MLS# 18063418) is a Mobile/Floating Home property with 2 bedrooms and 2 full bathrooms. 4700 Old French Town Road #42 is currently listed for $89,499 and was received on August 23, 2018. Want to learn more about 4700 Old French Town Road #42? Do you have questions about finding other Mobile/Floating Home real estate for sale in Shingle Springs? You can browse all Shingle Springs real estate or contact a Coldwell Banker agent to request more information.


Hilton Head Island, SC - - Professional Tennis Registry (PTR) presented its annual awards last night during the 2018 PTR International Tennis Symposium. The event, which includes more than 40 educational presentations for tennis teachers and coaches, is underway through February 18, on Hilton Head Island, South Carolina.
Calvin Davis, of Charlotte, North Carolina, has been named PTR High School Coach of the Year. A PTR Professional for 25 years, in 2016, Davis was named PTR North Carolina Member of the Year. He has been Head Coach of boys and girls tennis at Charlotte Country Day since 1990.
Under his leadership, the girls teams of Charlotte Country Day have claimed the championship title 16 times. The 90s was an era of dominance for the program, when the tournament was an individual format, with a record eight back-to-back titles between 1990 and 1997. Country Day Girls also won the state championship in 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2003. Since the format changed to a dual team tournament in 2005, the Bucs have earned two state titles, in 2013 and 2014.
The winner of 29 North Carolina Independent Schools Athletic Association State Championships for the Bucs, Calvin has long been involved in tennis player development, both within Country Day and in the Charlotte tennis community as a whole. In addition to coaching both varsity teams and serving as program head, Calvin founded and operates TAP Tennis (Tennis Advancement Program), a junior tennis academy held at Country Day's Cannon Campus.
Among his many career recognitions, Calvin was named by the Charlotte Observer as one of Charlotte's Top 10 coaches of all time (all sports). He is a four-time Observer Tennis Coach of the Year. In addition to team success, more than 80 of Calvin's student-athletes have gone on to play college tennis, and three have played on the professional tour.
"Calvin has built a tennis program that is chockfull of state championships, all-state player recognitions, college scholarships and coaching recognitions," said CCD Head of School, Mark Reed. "But what's most impactful and meaningful is the role Calvin plays in developing young men and women of honor, in teaching them how to win with humility, and teaching them to be leaders on and off the court."


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Most of the Martian atmosphere was lost to space
By Tim Sandle Apr 15, 2017 in Science
Mars is much like Earth in many ways and billions of years ago when the Sun was hotter, scientists speculate that Mars could possibly had water and life. One longstanding mystery, in relation to this theory concerns, the Martian atmosphere.
It now appears, based on new scientific research, that a larger proportion of the atmosphere of Mars was stripped away to space. This disappearance of the gases is likely to have occurred early in the red planet's history. This finding comes from new analysis of data provided by the MAVEN satellite, which is in orbit around Mars. MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission) is a space probe developed by NASA designed to study the Martian atmosphere. The satellite was launched from the Atlas V launch vehicle in November 2013. The objective of the satellite is to assess how the planet's atmosphere and water, presumed to have once been substantial, were lost over time.
Additional information about the atmosphere that once clung around Mars has been provided by samples collected by the Curiosity rover from the Martian surface. The rover, which landed on Mars in 2012 and which continues to collect samples (and will do so until at least 2020), has the goal of investigating Martian climate and geology. It is also designed to assess whether there ever were any environmental conditions favorable for microbial life.
The cross-analysis of data from the satellite and surface craft reveal that the early Martian air had a significant volume of carbon dioxide (how this is worked out is complex, but it relates to the trace presence of argon in the collected samples and the relationship between this gas and carbon dioxide). This is an important finding since the greenhouse gas would have been able to warm surface conditions sufficiently to support lifeforms like bacteria. Today around 90 percent of the atmospheric gas has been lost to space.
Interviewed by the BBC, lead researcher Bruce Jakosky from the University of Colorado in Boulder, U.S. states: "We're in the process of tallying up what the total amount removed was, but I'm going to guess right now that the amount of atmosphere that was present was about as thick as the Earth's atmosphere - about one or two bars of gas."
The findings also suggests that there was probably a thick atmosphere: a shroud of gases around Mars equivalent to that which exists around Earth today. As to where it went, this was most probably due to an abrasive action of the solar wind generated from the Sun.
The new research is published in the journal Science, in a paper titled "Mars' atmospheric history derived from upper-atmosphere measurements of 38Ar/36Ar."
More about Mars, Earth, Atmosphere, Planets, Solar system
Mars Earth Atmosphere Planets Solar system


text:
See the Daily Schedule!
Orange City Tulip Festival - May 19, 20 & 21, 2022
Orange City invites you to our 81st Tulip Festival in 2022!
Each year at Tulip-time it is Orange City's good fortune and great pleasure to welcome thousands of visitors from near and far. Join us for a day as you recall the gentle charms of the old world and catch a new glimpse of the old Dutch customs.
What began in 1936 as a small celebration of Orange City's Dutch heritage has led to over 80 years of what is now known as the Tulip Festival. Our annual celebration occurs every third weekend in May.
The internationally recognized festival features music and dancing by children and adults in authentic Dutch costumes, two daily parades, nightly musical theater, a carnival midway, Dutch delicacies, delicious food, plus thousands of tulips and a dozen replica windmills throughout this charming village.
So do come; join tens of thousands of visitors and Discover the Dutch at a festival that is ever-charming and colorful!
2022 Tulip Court Candidates
https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Candidate-group-photo_2022.jpg 960 1280 Mike Hofman https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/octulip-logo-new-2019-2.png Mike Hofman2021-09-13 07:21:172021-09-22 12:19:112022 Tulip Court Candidates
2022 Tulip Court Elections to be held September 22
https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/2017-Tulip-Court-Election-Times.jpg 1384 2048 Mike Hofman https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/octulip-logo-new-2019-2.png Mike Hofman2021-09-07 07:33:042021-09-07 07:33:042022 Tulip Court Elections to be held September 22
2021 Carnival Wristband Night Pre-Sale
https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/tulipfestival-slides-1500x430-carnival-ferris-wheel1.jpg 430 1500 Mike Hofman https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/octulip-logo-new-2019-2.png Mike Hofman2021-04-28 05:10:462021-04-28 05:10:462021 Carnival Wristband Night Pre-Sale
Steering Committee introduces text message updates
https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/tulip_message_stock.jpg 1359 2048 Mike Hofman https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/octulip-logo-new-2019-2.png Mike Hofman2021-04-28 05:00:272021-04-28 05:15:32Steering Committee introduces text message updates
2021 Tulip Festival Extravaganza reveals Tulip Court costumes
https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/20210317_130100-1.jpg 2048 1417 Mike Hofman https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/octulip-logo-new-2019-2.png Mike Hofman2021-03-17 15:01:152021-03-17 15:01:152021 Tulip Festival Extravaganza reveals Tulip Court costumes
2021 Tulip Festival Extravaganza reveals Parade Marshal
https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/20210317_123048.jpg 969 2048 Mike Hofman https://www.octulipfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/octulip-logo-new-2019-2.png Mike Hofman2021-03-17 13:19:322021-03-17 15:06:282021 Tulip Festival Extravaganza reveals Parade Marshal
Page 2 of 13‹1234›»
On the Calendar
2022 Tulip Festival Extravaganza
March 23 @ 11:30 am - 1:00 pm$20 - Prairie Winds Event Center
81st Orange City Tulip Festival
May 18 - May 21Orange City, Iowa
Each year at Tulip-time it is Orange City's good fortune and great pleasure to welcome thousands of visitors from near and far. Many of those who spend a Festival day or two with us come from many miles away. Many return year-after-year to share the particular pleasures of a folk festival that is ever-charming and colorful.


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Q: non-singleton PresenterWidgets/Views in GWTP project I'm using GWT with the GWTP framework in my projects.
Until now all presenters/views where of type singleton (one dedicated window for each implementation type). Now i have a special (document) window where i want to create a new presenter/view (window) for each document the user wants to open.
GWTP class com.gwtplatform.mvp.client.gin.AbstractPresenterModule contains methods for binding non-singleton PresenterWidgets/Views, for example  with a PresenterWidget factory;

But i cannot find any documentation or examples about this GWTP PresenterWidget factory usages. How do i implement this PresenterWidget factories?

A: There's a difference between using com.gwtplatform.mvp.client.PresenterWidget and com.gwtplatform.mvp.client.Presenter when implementing your own presenter classes.
When using Presenter (with a PresenterProxy), GWTP handles the presenter as singleton.
public class MyPresenter extends Presenter<MyPresenter.MyView, MyPresenter.MyProxy>

When using PresenterWidget the presenter will be instantiated multiple times (like a Spring prototype scope)
public class MyPresenter extends PresenterWidget<MyPresenter.MyView>

Then use com.google.inject.Provider get() to instantiate the presenter. When using PresenterWidget it will result in multiple instances. When using Presenter the singleton presenter is returned. For example:
@Inject
MySecondPresenter(EventBus eventBus, MySecondView view, MySecondProxy proxy, Provider<MyPresenter> myProvider) {
    super(eventBus, view, proxy, RevealType.Root);
    setMyProvider(myProvider);
}

and
MyPresenter p = getMyProvider().get();
getView().addMyPresenter(p);

Hope this helps


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Charlie Sheen wants to be an 'American Idol' judge
The 'Anger Management' star says he would consider joining the judging panel of the singing show if the money was good enough and programme bosses donated part of his salary to charity, after producer Nigel Lythgoe said he wanted him to get involved.
He told TMZ: "If the numbers move the needle AND 'Idol' matches 20% of my weekly salary for Autism Speaks, JDRF, and the Boys and Girls Club ... then the hell with it. As we say, pour the smoke. (sic)"
However, the gossip website reports that the actor would only agree to a deal if FX, which airs 'Anger Management', were happy with him appearing on Fox.
'American Idol' is currently judged by Jennifer Lopez, Steven Tyler and Randy Jackson and though there is speculation the panel is set for some changes, Katy Perry won't be anyone's replacement.
The 'Part of Me' singer has ruled out a role on the show as she's too busy with her commitments, though she admits she has been approached.
She said: "People have reached out to me about the possibility of being involved, and it's not right for me yet. I have ideas for two or three big, creative things, and I want to be able to fulfill those ideas."
However, Adam Lambert - who came second on the show in 2009 - said he would consider doing it if he was asked to.
He said: "If something like that were to happen, I would be very excited. It's a rumour as of right now, but man, that would be fun.
"All I can say is, if it were to happen, I would appreciate it."


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Things to do / Architecture /
Discover Le Corbusier's 10 landmark UNESCO works
By France.fr , Published: 11 June 2020, 06:50
© J-C Ballot - CMN Paris
Le Corbusier was a pioneer of modern architecture - 51 years after the Franco-Swiss architect's death, 17 of his "works" was listed on UNESCO's World Heritage list. Here are the 10 on French soil!
The famous French-Swiss architect Charles Edouard Jeanneret-Gris (1887-1965) is best known under the pseudonym "Le Corbusier". Under that name, he designed groundbreaking architecture worldwide.
In fact he was so skilled that 17 of Le Corbusier's "works" was included in UNESCO's World Heritage List 51 years after his death. And since France was his primary "canvas", you can experience 10 of the UNESCO-certified works here:
The houses La Roche and Jeanneret, Paris, Ile de France (1923)
Cite Fruges, Pessac, Aquitaine (1924)
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Notre-Dame-du-Haut chapel, Ronchamp, Franche-Comte (1950)
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Minds in Bloom is pleased to welcome Juliette from Heart 2 Heart Teaching to the blog today! She's got a fun post for us all about end of year projects that will engage students and keep them learning and exploring until the very end of the school year. Enjoy!
It's here! The end of the school year is just around the corner! To make the end of the year special and memorable, try out these awesome, hands-on, creative end of year projects and activities. Teachers love them because they're meaningful, and students love them because they're unique and fun!
Did you know there's a time capsule in Japan that will be opened in 5,000 years? In 1968, two Japanese companies, Panasonic and Mainichi Newspapers, agreed to undertake a joint time capsule project in celebration of the Japan World Exposition in 1970. It will remain buried near Osaka Castle for the next 5,000 years. There are 2,090 items in the capsule that were chosen by a team of scientists, engineers, and historians that reflected everyday life in 1970. Items included false teeth, a glass eye, insects encased in resin, an origami instruction book, handcuffs, counterfeit money, and letters from elementary students.
After learning about famous time capsules, have students create their very own personal time capsule to lock up and discover in the future. There are seven parts of the time capsule project, including where they tell about their favorite things, important people in their life, and what they want to be when they grow up. They will even write a letter to kids in the future telling them all about what the world is like right now! Part six is collecting photos or small objects to place into their time capsule. I usually use a 9 x 12 envelope to collect all of the writing pieces and their secret stash. I have students write their full name and graduation year on the front of the envelope and decorate it. Then, we do a desk a rotation activity to make sure that everyone signs their name on the back of the envelope so they remember who was in their class.
This is a wonderful end-of-the-year project for social studies teachers to reinforce and review all that we've learned throughout the school year. It's focused around the major themes of geography and map building skills. Students create their own "country" and everything that goes with it!
Just follow these few easy steps, and they'll have their own countries established in no time at all!
Have students come up with a name for their country. I encourage them to base it off their name or a combination of the letters in their names, if it's a group of students.
Review major landforms, such as mountains, deserts, volcanoes, rivers, seas, oceans, and islands.
Next, look at a variety of different types of maps to compare similarities and differences. Ask the students questions like: "All the maps we've looked at today were alike in some ways. What did you notice about them? What were some of the main differences?" Be sure to discuss map keys, a compass rose, map symbols, colors, etc.
Have students create a map of their country on a large poster paper or a piece of white butcher roll paper. In pencil, have them label all major landforms, cities, capitals, and bodies of water. They also should add a map key and compass rose.
Have them color the maps: green for land and blue for bodies of water. Colored pencils or crayons work best.
Next, have them create and design their country flag. Attach a Popsicle® stick for a stand-up flag.
For older students, you could also have the students create "Country Cards" with factual information about their country, including natural resources, housing, schools, climate, language, traditions, and other interesting cultural facts.
The beauty of this project is that it can be as simple or as complex as you want it to be, depending on the amount of time and interest of your students.
Did you know that Popsicles® were invented by accident by 11-year-old Frank Epperson? Have you heard of a ManCan? Hart Main created candles that have popular but unusual scents, such as bacon, coffee, and fresh cut grass when he was just 13 years old. Today, his business is a million dollar company. Do your students have ideas for a new invention? First, research and learn about awesome inventions that changed our world. Then, take it a step further to learn about really cool kid inventors, too!
Why do some inventions become famous and others flop?
What's a problem that you've noticed?
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Are your students really into inventions? Hold an "Inventors Day," where students dress up as a famous inventor (wear science lab coats) and create a new invention. In groups, have them brainstorm a current problem and solutions to fix it. Have them sketch a design of their new invention and explain how it will work. Using recyclables, supplies, and extra classroom materials, have groups build their new inventions. Who knows?! Maybe they'll invent the next big thing!
Juliette is a former elementary teacher with over 15 years of classroom experience turned full-time writer, photographer, and teacherprenuer. She creates lots of hands-on activities and projects to sell in her TPT store, Heart 2 Heart Teaching. You can also connect with Juliette on Pinterest, Facebook, or Twitter.
Excellent ideas. Thank you so much for sharing!
Loved this post! Some great ideas here to keep them learning up until the very last second!
Such creative ideas. Just love the time capsule.
Thanks, Juliette, for these creative ideas!
I love these ideas! Thanks so much for the freebies! I will definitely file these ideas for the end of next year!


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