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Spitzer Documentation & Tools
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Spitzer Home > MIPS > MIPS Instrument Handbook
MIPS Instrument Handbook
7.1.3 Latents
There are three types of MIPS-24 latents: (a) ~0.8% bright latents that last from seconds to 10s of seconds, decay exponentially, look like PSFs, are easily recognizable by eye, and are flagged (but not corrected) by the pipeline; (b) ~2% dark splotchy effects from very bright objects (>50 Jy) that last for hours; and (c) 0.5% bright latents from extremely bright objects that can last for days.� (Saturated sources will also produce cosmetically ugly ''jailbars'' (see above), but these are easily recognizable.)
Short-lived bright latents
These are the easiest to recognize by eye or automatically because they always occur in the in-scan direction, and the pipeline does in fact flag them in the mask file (though the pipeline does not remove them).� Scan maps leave a trail of latents behind a bright source with spacing which reflects the imaging cadence, Photometry will typically leave latents about 1 arcminute ''above and below'' (i.e. +/- Y) the central source. Examples of this effect can be found in Figure 7.8, as well as Figure 7.1, Figure 7.7, and Figure 7.9.
Bright latents are typically not removed by outlier rejection in scan mode because the scan mirror produces repeated overlapping patterns. This is why you may see a trail of latents (often on both sides of a bright source) along the scan direction, particularly for fast scans.
Figure 7.8: Example of short-lived bright latents - note trail of bright dots above the bright source.
Dark latents
Examples of dark latents from bright sources can be found in Figure 7.2, Figure 7.9, Figure 7.10, and Figure 7.12. This reduction in response of 1-2% comes from very bright sources, those >50 Jy.� Low-level dark latents have been seen for sources as low as 18 Jy.� They can last a long time, with a timescale of about 10 hours.� If your observations have these features, it may be a result of a bright object seen in observations prior to yours.� The impact of this is usually reduced by redundancy (e.g., additional dithered frames).� If you encounter these kinds of latents in scan mode, because the latents last longer than the maximum length of an AOR, they are stable and can be removed using your own data, called self-calibration (see below and section 8.1.2).� If you have these kind of latents in data taken in photometry mode, the pattern of latents may be different (because the dithers are different), and you might not have enough data to self-correct it.� (However, see section 8.1.2.)
The effects of dark latents AND any residual but static imperfections in the flat fielding can be removed quite effectively by division of each BCD affected by dark latents by a normalized median of all of the BCDs affected by the dark latents within the AOR (excluding very bright pixels); see section 8.1.2. This effectively gives an improved flat field and is generally recommended in regions of low background where subtle (1-2%) effects may be important to remove.� After correcting the BCDs, you then have to make a new mosaic (using the SSC's MOPEX or other software).
The dark latents are removed by thermal anneals, which are a rare event for the 24 micron array, and are generally only done at the start of a campaign.� Currently, we try to limit the impact of these latents by manually scheduling already-known bright sources (known to be bright from 25 micron IRAS data) at the ends of campaigns.
Figure 7.9: Initial BCD affected by bright sources; note ''jailbars,'' bright (point-like) latents, and dark (splotchy) latents.
Figure 7.10: BCD after additive jailbar correction.
Figure 7.11: BCD after ''self-calibration'' to correct dark latents.
Figure 7.12: Example of dark latents all by themselves.� Even trails from slewing the telescope over the bright object can also clearly be seen.
Long-lived bright latents
Finally, examples of long-lived bright latents can be found in Figure 7.13 and Figure 7.14, as well as Figure 8.1.� These bright 0.5% latents remain until the next anneal or the end of the campaign, whichever comes first.
Just like for long-lived dark latents, the impact of these latents is usually reduced by redundancy (e.g., additional dithered frames, inherent to MIPS observing modes).� If you encounter these kinds of latents in scan mode, because the latents last longer than the maximum length of an AOR, they are stable and can be removed using your own data, called self-calibration (see below, and section 8.1.2).� If you have these kind of latents in data taken in photometry mode, the pattern of latents may be different (because the dithers are different), and you might not have enough data to self-correct it.� Just as above, you can remove these effects by dividing each of the affected BCDs by a normalized median of all of the affected BCDs (excluding very bright pixels).� This effectively gives an improved flat field, and is generally recommended in regions of low background where subtle (1-2%) effects may be important to remove.� After correcting the BCDs, you then have to make a new mosaic (using MOPEX or other software).
Figure 7.13: Example of long-lived bright latents with newer dark latents.
Figure 7.14: BCDs from AORs later in the campaign where the data in Figure 7.13 were obtained.� Note that the dark latents seen above have turned into bright latents here.� The figure on the right has additional bright latents obtained in still later observations.�


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Democrats Lie Again: This Time Trying To Get Suppressor Ban Gun Bill
by Faye Higbee Jeff Dunetz | Jun 26, 2019 | Constitution, Politics
Yes, you guessed it, Democrats have introduced a bill to ban suppressors. And they are lying through their teeth to force its passage, all because one person in one instance used one that made no difference whatsoever in the outcome. It's all about an agenda, not about truth.
Democrats have no idea what they're talking about. They just call suppressors "deadly" because one person used one in a mass shooting incident. Last month on the 31st of May, a Virginia Beach municipal employee went on a shooting rampage in a municipal building. One of the firearms he used was equipped with a suppressor. Suppressors which are heavily regulated under the National Firearms Act — are virtually never used in the commission of a crime. If the shooter didn't use a suppressor, he would have killed the same amount of people.
The same thing occurred with bump stocks: ONE person used them in a mass shooting incident and voila! Now they're banned. They'd never been used in one previously.
The bill to ban suppressors was introduced by Democratic Party Senators Bob Menendez (NJ), Dianne Feinstein (CA), Stolen Valor Blumenthal (CT), and Tim Kaine (VA). The bill called the HEAR Act, Help Empower Americans to Respond
Get it? HEAR act banning silencers. Aren't those Democrats so creative? Don't you wish they applied some of that creativity to help solve some of America's real problems? The HEAR act has as other provisions:
It would authorize a buyback program for silencers using federal Byrne JAG grants;Provide individuals with a 90-day grace period after the date of enactment for individuals to comply with the ban; Provide limited exceptions for certain current and former law enforcement personnel, for certain Atomic Energy personnel and purposes, and for certain authorized testing or experimentation. Truth About Guns
As we have previously stated, suppressors are not easy to purchase. They are part of the NFA and are classified as firearms – they require National Firearms Act application, pay the $200 stamp fee, a background check and wait a long period of time, generally 9 months to a year. For an accessory, no less.
Senator Menendez is purposefully misrepresenting suppressors. Suppressors are the most highly-regulated firearms accessory today. Senator Menendez knows the truth is suppressors reduce the sound of a muzzle blast from a decibel level equal to a jet taking off to that of a jackhammer, not quite the nail gun he's claiming similarities to. He could have easily chosen to witness this for himself if he accepted the National Shooting Sports Foundation's invitation to hear suppressors in the Capitol Police gun range two years ago. Conveniently, Senator Menendez, nor any of his staff, responded to that invitation.
Suppressed gunfire is clearly audible and will gain the attention of anyone within the vicinity. Suppressors are legal for ownership in 42 states and 40 for hunting. More than 1.5 million suppressors are owned and operated for lawful purposes every day. Mark Oliva, the Director of Public Affairs for the National Shooting Sports Foundation
As for the lie that "silencers" can't be heard by law enforcement, most police officers (unless they're deaf) know the sound of a gunshot. In point of fact, most of them are attuned to the sound of the radio in their patrol cars AND on the microphone on their shoulder. Those sounds are low – so they should be able to hear the sound of a gun being shot with a suppressor.
The fantasy world that politicians live in is dangerous for all Americans. Whether they know nothing and are ignorant or are actively trying to destroy our rights, we must take 'aim' at their agenda and call our representatives/senators. Make sure they realize it's all a lie.
Much of this post was first seen at Conservative Firing Line
Trump's new move on asylum is truly extreme (Washington Post) memeorandum
JOEL KOTKIN: Free markets only work when their benefits are broadly distributed. You wouldn't kno… Instapundit Glenn Reynolds
Hoo boy: If you like your plan you can keep your plan, says Joe Biden of new health-care proposal Hot Air Allahpundit

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Acta of the Synod of Dordt
Donald Sinnema (Hg.),
Christian Moser (Hg.),
Herman J. Selderhuis (Hg.)
ab 160,00 € * (D)
Volume 1 includes the original Acta Authentica of the synod, here published for the first time.... mehr
Volume 1 includes the original Acta Authentica of the synod, here published for the first time. Following the Acta Authentica, the corresponding acts, as first published in the Acta Synodi Nationalis … Dordrechti Habitae (Leiden, 1620), are reprinted; these published Acta were a significantly revised version, for stylistic and political purposes, of the original Acta Authentica. Also included are the Acta Contracta, a topical summary of the Acta Authentica, and the minutes of the meetings of the state delegates, who represented the Dutch government at the synod; neither of these has been previously published. This volume begins with a general introduction to the Synod of Dordt and its context, an introduction to the Acta Authentica, the published Acta and Acta Contracta, and an introduction to the role of the state delegates and the minutes of their meetings.Forthcoming volumes:Vol. II: Preliminaries to the Synod, ca. 1000 pp. The Pro-Acta Sessions Procedural Debates with the RemonstrantsVol. III: Deliberations after the Expulsion of the Remonstrants, ca. 975 pp. The Canons of Dordt and its FormationVol. IV: Remonstrant Doctrinal Documents, ca. 1000 pp.Vol. V: The Judgments of the Nineteen Delegations on the Five Remonstrant Articles, ca. 850 pp.Vol. VI: Other Discipline Cases, ca. 900 pp. The Post-Acta Sessions Immediate Aftermath of the SynodVol. VII: Remonstrant Reports on the Synod, ca. 1100 pp.Vol. VIII: Journals and Reports of Foreign Delegates on the Synod, ca. 990 pp.Vol. IX: Journals and Reports of Dutch Delegates on the Synod, ca. 800 pp. Contemporary Letters about the Synod
Kundenbewertungen für "Acta of the Synod of Dordt"
Donald Sinnema (Hg.)
Donald Sinnema, Ph. D., is Professor of Theology at Trinity Christian College, Illinois.
Christian Moser (Hg.)
Christian Moser, Ph. D., is Assistant at the Institut für Schweizerische Reformationsgeschichte, University of Zurich.
Dr. theol. Herman J. Selderhuis ist Professor für Kirchengeschichte an der Theologischen Universität Apeldoorn, Direktor von Refo500, Wissenschaftlicher Kurator der Johannes a Lasco Bibliothek sowie Präsident des Internationalen Calvinkongresses.
The Synod of Dort
Joel R. Beeke (Hg.),
Martin I. Klauber (Hg.)
Early Sessions of the Synod of Dordt
Herman J. Selderhuis (Hg.),
Johanna Roelevink (Hg.)


Clubfoot is congenital deformity that is found in about one newborn for every 1,000 live births. The infant is born with one or both feet turned inward, changing the shape and/or positioning of the foot. This deformity can be identified during pregnancy or right after birth, since the foot is so abnormally shaped. Genetics and environmental factors seem to play a big part in whether or not a child is born with clubfoot.
How do you treat clubfoot?
The baby's doctor will be able to begin treatment almost immediately. If left untreated, quality of life can be severely impacted, since the child's mobility will be compromised. Treating the deformity early can make it easier to correct the problem, since babies are more flexible compared to when their bodies develop and bones begin to harden.
Ponseti method – This method includes one or two sessions per week of stretching the child's foot to the correct positioning, and then casting it. Since they are still very flexible while they are babies, it is easier to get the feet to the correct position before they develop and set. This resetting and casting can happen over several months. Toward the end, your podiatrist may need to perform surgery to correct the length of the Achilles tendon.
French Functional method – This physical therapy method includes 3 sessions per week over several months. The process includes stretching, mobilization, and taping to slowly move the foot into the correct position. Exercise and massage helps to coax the foot back into the right shape and place, and then a plastic splint is placed to keep the foot in place.
Both methods are found to be successful, but only if the parents continue to stretch, exercise, and brace the foot and ankle to retain the correct position.
In the case where the above methods do not work, surgery might be necessary. The tendons may need to be adjusted to the right size and position as well. Afterward, the child will require a cast. If treatment is not started early, bones may need restructuring as well.
Was your child born with clubfoot or other congenital foot disorder? Consult with our board-certified podiatrist, Dr. Brad Toll at Crofton Podiatry. Make an appointment by calling (410) 721-4505. Our team is ready to assist you and your family at our Crofton, MD office, which also serves the surrounding Gambrills, Odenton, and Bowie areas.


Kirk-Othmer concise encyclopedia of chemical technology : By Martin Grayson (Executive Editor), Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY, 1985, 1318 pages, $99.95.
ChemInform Abstract: 3-Azidotetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylates: Monomers for Five-Ring Templated α-Amino Acid Foldamers?
ChemInform Abstract: N-Hydroxymethyl Group for Configurationally Stable N-Alkoxycarbonyl α-Amino Aldehydes.


Fo (Folayemi) Wilson, installation view of Eliza's Peculiar Cabinet of Curiosities at Lynden Sculpture Garden, 2016, Milwaukee. Courtesy of the artist.
Eliza's Peculiar Cabinet of Curiosities constructs a full-scale slave cabin as its central object, imagining what a nineteenth-century woman of African descent might have collected and stowed in her own unique "wunderkammer." The cabin incorporates found and original objects, furniture, sound, and video with an Afro-Futurist vision that embodies a hopeful version of an African American future. Wilson subverts the architectural form of the Southern cabin to challenge the perceived status of historical cabinets of wonder and presents a nuanced dimension of Black representation using Eliza's "collection" to turn the table on the Eurocentric gaze. Activating the space with objects, imagery, and contemporary media that traverse the past, present, and future, Wilson presents an alternate narrative that debunks romantic notions of plantation life as solely one of victimhood, to assert the Black imagination as an important element of self-determined agency and survival.
Folayemi (Fo) Wilson uses constructed space and furniture forms to create experiences that reposition historical objects and/or aesthetics in a contemporary context and offer audiences new ways of thinking about and interacting with history. Wilson earned an MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design and is an Associate Professor at Columbia College Chicago. A grant recipient from Creative Time, the National Endowment for the Arts, and the Propeller Fund, Wilson has been awarded residencies or fellowships at ACRE, Haystack Mountain Center for Craft, Purchase College, and the Anderson Ranch Arts Center in Colorado. She was a 2015 3Arts Awardee, and her design work is included in the collection of the Cooper Hewitt National Museum of Design. She led a design team that was awarded a 2016 public art commission from the Chicago Parks District and the Field Museum that is currently on view in the Burnham Wildlife Corridor in Chicago.


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Voting Now Open For The 2022 BroadwayWorld West Virginia Awards
Voting is now open through December 31st, 2022.
by BWW Awards Nov. 14, 2022
Voting is now open for the 2022 BroadwayWorld West Virginia Awards! Nominations were reader-submitted and now our readers get to vote for their favorites.
The 2022 Regional Awards honor regional productions, touring shows, and more which had their first performance between October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022. Our local editors set the categories, our readers submitted their nominees, and now you get to vote for your favorites! Voting will continue through December 31st, 2022.
Winners will be announced in January!
Don't miss out on making sure that your favorite theatres, stars, and shows get the recognition they deserve!
This year the BroadwayWorld Regional Awards are bigger and better than ever, including over 100 cities across America, Canada, Central and South America, Europe, and Asia!
Feature: Hannah Jane to Bring Her One Woman Show LADY LEGENDS OF BROADWAY to Charleston in February
Hannah Jane was merely 13 years old when she set her sights on the bright lights of New York City. Despite her young age, Jane was no stranger to performing. After all, she had already spent years honing her skills on the stages of various theatres around the Charleston, WV area.
Mountain Roots Community Theatre announces ASL Performances and Classes, Full 2023 Show Lineup Released
Mountain Roots Community Theatre has announced that the first Saturday performance of nearly all of their 2023 shows will include ASL interpretation. The goal, according to Jana-Alisha O'Dell, Mountain Roots Publicity and Marketing Director, is, 'to be as inclusive as possible so everyone in the community is able to enjoy what (Mountain Roots) offers.'
Winners Announced For The 2022 BroadwayWorld West Virginia Awards
The winners have been announced for the 2022 BroadwayWorld West Virginia Awards, honoring the best in regional productions, touring shows, and more which had their first performance between October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.
MOUNTAIN STAGE TO CELEBRATE 40TH ANNIVERSARY THIS WEEKEND at Culture Center Theater
Mountain Stage Radio Show is set to kick off their 40th anniversary celebration at 5:00 PM on Sunday, January 15th, 2023 with a live press conference, which is open to the public, in the Culture Center Theater Lobby. After the conference Mountain Stage will do what it does best - host a night of diverse musical acts including Donna the Buffalo, David Mayfield Parade, The Dirty Grass Players, Lauren Calve, and Philip Bowen. Country music star Kathy Mattea will serve as the night's host.
From This Author - BWW Awards
Winners Announced For The 2022 BroadwayWorld Ottawa Awards
The winners have been announced for the 2022 BroadwayWorld Ottawa Awards, honoring the best in regional productions, touring shows, and more which had their first performance between October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.
Winners Announced For The 2022 BroadwayWorld Montreal Awards
The winners have been announced for the 2022 BroadwayWorld Montreal Awards, honoring the best in regional productions, touring shows, and more which had their first performance between October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.
Winners Announced For The 2022 BroadwayWorld Norway Awards
The winners have been announced for the 2022 BroadwayWorld Norway Awards, honoring the best in regional productions, touring shows, and more which had their first performance between October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.
Winners Announced For The 2022 BroadwayWorld Philippines Awards
The winners have been announced for the 2022 BroadwayWorld Philippines Awards, honoring the best in regional productions, touring shows, and more which had their first performance between October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.
Winners Announced For The 2022 BroadwayWorld South Africa Awards
The winners have been announced for the 2022 BroadwayWorld South Africa Awards, honoring the best in regional productions, touring shows, and more which had their first performance between October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022.
Michael Andreaus & E. Clayton Cornelious Join AIN'T TOO PROUD
West Virginia SHOWS
Matilda, Jr
Mountain Movers Theatre Company (9/15-9/23)
Disney's High School Musical Jr.
West Virginia State University (2/09-2/11)
The Addams Family School Edition
Cabell Midland High School (2/03-2/05)
Disney's Moana Jr.
Dupont Middle School (3/07-3/09)
Aladdin, Jr
Disney's Aladdin Kids
Cranberry-prosperity Elementary Sch (3/11-3/11)
Beauty and the Beast, Jr
Seussical Jr.
Huntington High School Theater (3/02-3/05)
Parkersburg High School (3/16-3/19)
Disney's The Little Mermaid
Strand Theatre (4/07-4/08)
Sister Act Jr.
St Michael Parish School (5/18-5/19)
Madegascar, Jr.
Little Shop Of Horrors (broadway Version)
Charleston Light Opera Guild Theatr (6/09-6/18)
Disney's The Little Mermaid Jr
John Marshall Hs Cpa (9/16-9/16)
Blennerhassett Middle School (8/21-8/21)
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Claude Victor André Marcel Knight, Leg Hon (31 August 1793 - 17 January 1876) was a French diplomat and language teacher who served in Cork as an official representative of the French government between 1816 and April 1863 and was additionally a teacher of French and the author of a two-volume study of language education published in London in 1853 under the title Language as a Means of Mental Culture and International Communication; or, Manual of the Teacher and the Learner of Languages. He has been seen as pioneer of applied linguistics.

Biography

Early life and family
Claude Victor André Marcel was born on 31 August 1793 at rue Bertin Poirée 25, Section du Museum, Paris, to Claude Marcel (8 July 1767 - 13 November 1842) and Marie Catherine Geneviève Aubry (7 September 1764 - 10 April 1834). His father was an épicier and later an Hotelier. He was baptised in November 1793 at St. Germain-L'Auxerrois, Paris.

Claude was the second of 8 children, his siblings were:

 Marie Charlotte Marcel (17 August 1792 - 2 December 1872)
 Annibal Simon Marcel (23 November 1794 - 30 January 1875)
 Catherine Thaïse Marcel (24 July 1797 - 21 December 1878)
 Justine Louise Marcel (13 November 1798 - 28 January 1876)
 Virginie Julienne Marcel (16 May 1802 - 2 July 1879)
 Anne Marcel (1803 - 6 January 1866)
 Henriette Eloyse Marcel (b. 31 October 1807)

Being born and living in Paris at the height of the French Revolution would have been a frightening experience. The Marcel family lived in the near vicinity of Palais des Tuilieries and Claude's parents would likely have been witness to  the executions of notable figures.

His sister Catherine was the grandmother of Camille Léonie Doncieux, the first wife of Claude Monet.

13 years into his life in Cork, Claude married Anne Murray on 9 June 1829 at Ss. Peter and Paul's Roman Catholic Church, Cork. They lived at 48 Grande Parade, Cork, and had 9 children:

 Claude Joseph Marcel (1831 - After 1861)
 Justin James Marcel (29 December 1832 - 11 December 1920)
 Marie Henriette Marcel (May 1834 - 17 December 1923)
 Victor Joseph Marcel (26 August 1836 - 13 April 1885)
 Annie Josephine Marcel (August 1838 - 22 November 1902)
 Héloïse Virginie Marcel (4 March 1840 - 14 February 1908)
 James Augustin Marcel (29 August 1844 - 20 March 1888)
 Alfred Henri Marcel (May 1849 - 9 October 1883)
 Frédéric Charles Marcel (August 1852 - 19 April 1910)

Education and military career
Claude was educated at Lycée Napoléon, Paris, France, and later prepared l'École Polytechnique, a military college then located in Montagne Sainte Genevieve in the Quartier Latin in central Paris, but he never attended. In 1813 he enlisted in the Garde Impériale in the 13th Regiment of the Young Guard. He served in the Napoleonic Wars and received a shoulder injury at the Siege of Antwerp in January 1814.

Diplomatic Career
In 1816, soon after the end of the war he took up an honorary post as Chancellor in the French Consulate in Cork, Ireland, then part of the United Kingdom. He was to remain there until he retired to Paris in April 1863, except for a short interruption caused by the French Revolution of 1830. Aside from his diplomatic duties he became a successful teacher of French, attracting local dignitaries including two bishops to his lessons.

In 1830, following the July Revolution which saw the overthrow of King Charles X, the consulate was closed and Claude became a consular agent. Patrice de MacMahon, later 1st Duc de Magenta, of Irish descent, gave a very good testimony "In impeccable conduct, he joins extensive knowledge; he is particularly devoted to the study of foreign languages and especially of English, which he speaks and writes extremely well; he even published in this language some pieces of literature, worthy of good English writers." His liberal views earned him the same year, after the fall of Charles X and the arrival on the throne of Louis-Philippe, to be appointed by the city of Cork to invite Odilon Barrot, a French Politician and prefect of the Seine départment, and General Lafayette who was a general in the American Revolutionary War and a leader of the Garde Nationale during the French Revolution, and address the people of Cork from the French people.

In 1835 he hosted in Cork François d'Orléans, prince de Joinville, son of King Louis-Philippe.

In 1839, his intervention in a maritime incident earned him recognition and the friendship of Admiral Baron Ange de Mackau, who was to intervene on several occasions in his favor afterwards. On his way back from Martinique, an island in the Caribbean Sea, the frigate Tepsichore commanded by Baron de Mackau, on which was all its family, was attacked by a terrible storm, and remained several days in perdition on the coasts of Ireland. To have it towed, they called in a boat belonging to a company of merchants and shipowners. They asked 500 guineas to save the ship but Claude reduced the amount to 50 guineas.

This action, however, gave him some strong enmities on the part of certain traders, at least this is what he affirmed a few years later by adding that to harm him, his enemies had appealed to teachers of foreign languages by means of small advertisements published in the English newspapers in order to make him lose his clientele.

A few years later, Marcel had to intervene successfully in favour of the crew of the Aurore, sentenced to a long detention for breach of customs regulations.  He obtained their quick release while the consul of France to Dublin had not been able to obtain it from the Viceroy of Ireland.

From 1840, Claude had applied for the title of honorary consul in Cork. Baron de Mackau who intervened on his behalf then wrote "he is a talented man who enjoys Cork where I saw him with very special consideration". This request was approved and an ordinance of 29 February 1840 granted him the title of honorary consul with an annual allowance of 1000 francs.

The government of Napoleon III made Marcel a knight of the Légion d'honneur as well as elevating his mission in Cork to a full consulate and rewarding him with an increased salary and a bonus.

Work
Early on, probably to help make ends meet, he began to engage in French language teaching, and the Southern Reporter of 19th October 1819 carried an advertisement stating that he had "opened a French Practical School" in South Mall in the city. Little more is known about his teaching or business activities at this time, except what can be inferred from newspaper adverts, and his books, the first of which, Practical Method of Teaching the Living Languages, Applied to the French, in which Several Defects of the Old Method are Pointed Out and Remedied, 1820, was published in London in the year following the opening of his school, under the name C. V. A. Marcel.

While he continued to work as Chancellor in the French Consulate in Patrick Street as stated in Pigot and Co.'s City of Dublin and Hibernian Provincial Directory Containing a Classification of the Nobility, Gentry, Clergy, professional Gentlemen, Merchants, and Manufacturers of Dublin and upwards of Two Hundred & Twenty of the Principal Cities, Seaports and Towns of Ireland, Alphabetically Arranged in Provinces, 1824:264, Claude's own French classes were gaining increasing favour in the local Cork community.

On 13 August 1825, an announcement ran in the Southern Reporter that a "Seminary for the General Education of Young Gentlemen" was open at 9 Grand Parade, under the Principals Claude Marcel and James Ward. Claude is described as being a member of the Grammatical Society, and the Royal Society [Academy] of Sciences, Paris. However, he does not appear under the members lists for the latter.

One of his pupils was the young painter, Daniel Maclise (1806-1870), a Cork native who painted a portrait of Claude in June 1827, and was exhibited locally in 1828 (according to the Constitution of 27th May 1828) and who subsequently went on to become well-known in England as a portraitist, caricaturist and historical painter. Numerous members of the local establishment also learned French with Claude, including the Catholic and Protestant Bishops of Cork, the Governor-General of the province, and members of the clergy, the judiciary and the medical profession.

In 1853 his major work, the Language as a Means of Mental Culture and International Communication was also published in London, privately and for limited distribution.

Contrary to earlier scholars believing that Claude Marcel published Méthode Marcellienne, ou methode naturelle théorisée in 1833 under a pseudonym "Annibal Marcel", records show that this was in fact written by his brother Annibal Simon Marcel, himself a professor of languages at École Royale des Mines. His death certificate confirms him to have been a "Professeur de langues". L'Ouest Parisien (5 November 1864) confirms Annibal to be the "inventeur d'une nouvelle méthode, dite méthode Marcel" and Le Corsaire (21 October 1827) reaffirms this.

After his retirement in the late 1850s Marcel issued a number of publications, often re-presenting the ideas of Language as a Means of Mental Culture and International Communication. In the 1870s he published learning materials including English grammar tables and various readers. At the time of his death he appears to have been working on a comparative grammar of French and English.

Death
Claude Marcel died on 17 January 1876 at rue Notre-Dame de Lorette 52, Paris and was buried at Père Lachaise Cemetery on 20 January in section D92 grave no. 240cc. His wife, Anne, died 27 July 1890 and was interred with Claude. Their sons Alfred and Frédéric were also interred in the same grave. Their remains have since been exhumed and placed in the Ossuary within the cemetery.

References

Further reading

Linguists from France
1793 births
1876 deaths

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Brown lauded for handling downturn
By Paul Waugh
Updated: 09:16 EST, 14 October 2008
Gordon Brown denied he was a 'superhero' as ministers began to worry that the economic crisis will soon be affecting ordinary families.
Gordon Brown: Not a superhero
At a press conference with the foreign media, Mr Brown was asked if he considered himself to be a superhero and if he was Flash Gordon, to which he replied: 'Just Gordon, I can assure you.'
The Prime Minister found himself being heaped with praise around the world for his banking rescue plan.
Even the French daily Le Monde joined in, describing it as 'an English triumph' and hailing him as 'the magician of Anglo Saxon social-liberalism'.
But Mr Brown tried to douse the praise saying: 'Politics, I have found, is about ups and downs.' Ministers fear praise of the Mr Brown should not be allowed to get out of control in case the public react with anger when the 'real economy' is affected by the downturn.
But David Cameron today claimed that Mr Brown had simply been following the Tories' lead in tackling the banking crisis.
'I said at the beginning of our conference it may be necessary to do something very big and I had the idea of putting taxpayers money into banks,' he told BBC Radio 2's Jeremy Vine programme.
Mr Cameron rejected suggestions that Mr Brown's fortunes had recovered, citing his call for bonus cuts at last week's Prime Minister's Questions.
'What matters more than appearance is the substance. The substance is that I said: "No bonuses for senior executives in banks getting taxpayers" money and a week later the Prime Minister did pretty much that.'
The Conservative leader attacked Mr Brown for changing City regulation in 1997. 'He took the Bank of England out of the scene of regulating the level of debt in the economy,' Mr Cameron said. 'And we are paying for it now.'
Mr Brown also said at his press conference that he will outline plans tomorrow for new global financial rules.


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Greetings from Washington DC! The 8th grade students are enjoying their trip and are safe. We get compliments everywhere we go about how polite the students are. Thank you for sending such wonderful young people to GMS.
Our entire school is looking forward to the Thriller Dance next week. Students are permitted to wear their Trick or Treat costumes on the 31st. We appreciate your support as students choose their school appropriate costumes.
The Thriller event begins at 1 pm. Popcorn, water, and candy will be available for all. Students can enjoy a DJ, Bingo, games, and a photo booth. Sounds like FUN to me!
To additionally celebrate Halloween, Student Council is sponsoring a Spirit Week. See each day's designated apparel listed below.
Student Council has planned a spirit week for students next week. Please encourage your child to participate by dressing according to the themes below.
Grizzell Middle School PTO - New Holiday Spirit Wear Store OPEN!
Due to unforeseen circumstances the Haunted Escape has been cancelled. The Jerome girls basketball team is disappointed and sorry for any inconvenience this may have caused for your holiday planning.
You can watch Dr. Hoadley's Issue 5 presentation at this link. For more information and videos, visit www.dublinschools.net/november6.aspx. Questions can be submitted to info@dublinschools.net.
10/31	Thriller Canteen, 1-3 p.m.
11/1 Parent Teacher Conferences, 4-7:30 p.m.


text:
Five Shows Every Brit Knows: Show #4.
October 25, 2018 Sarah Jackie (Our British Secret Weapon), Lists 0
From https://metro.co.uk/2015/05/15/the-vicar-of-dibley-10-memorable-moments-5189033/
If you'll remember, we asked Jackie, our British Secret Weapon, What are Five Shows Every Brit Knows? So far we've had Doctor Who. Broadchurch, and Cold Feet. This week, it's:
The Vicar of Dibley
The Vicar of Dibley is a sitcom set in a small English village – where the arrival of a new vicar challenges the community to do things differently. The new, extroverted female vicar is very different from the quiet men they are used to, but the eccentric locals soon come to love her intriguing style. The vicar's genuine warmth and love for everyone is heart-warming and one of the greatest appeals of the show is that the entire family can sit down and watch it together – a factor which made it's Christmas specials particularly popular.
The gentle humour is typically British, with much of it focusing on the differences between the classes of society. The series ran from 1994 to 1998 (with specials in 1999, 2004, and 2006), and although parts of it feel slightly dated now, many of the scenes are classic pieces of TV history and still well worth watching today.
Five Shows Every Brit Knows
Brit Telly Headlines: 23 October 2018.


Health Center is one department of the Division of Student Affairs.
There are two staffs with one supervisor and one nursing staff.
to assist student to solve problem related to health.
and other university employers to make them enjoy the best and comfortable life.


Greenspoint Houston is a beautiful neighborhood with lots of different fun things to do. If you are looking to have a good time in Greenspoint, you've come to the right place. Places to visit include the Sam Houston Race Park, which features a number of different live and televised horse races throughout the racing season. There is also the Greenspoint Mall, where you can get out all of your shopaholic type needs. Another great place for you to visit in Greenspoint Houston is the Ensemble Theatre, where you can immerse yourself in the live plays they offer for you to enjoy. When you get hungry from all these different venues you are going to experience and love so much in Greenspoint Houston, you are definitely in luck. Greenspoint has a huge variety of different restaurants for you to try out, and when you are feeling full and happy, you can visit some of the various bars around town as well. At the end of the night when you've done all of your touristy stuff and you are ready to call it a night, you have several different hotels and motels to choose from, with a variety of room rates available. Overall, Greenspoint Houston is a genuinely fun place to visit. Greenspiont Houston has an abundance of activities for you and your family and friends to enjoy.


text:
Contact: Terry Pell 202-833-8400, ext. 113
E-mail: <pell@cir-usa.org>
CIR fights racial set-asides in St. Paul school
April 07, 1999 − by CIR − in Press Releases − Comments Off on CIR fights racial set-asides in St. Paul school
Washington, D.C. – The Center for Individual Rights filed a federal lawsuit Tuesday, April 6 challenging racial preferences in student assignments to the acclaimed St. Paul, MN Capitol Hill Magnet school. At issue is a school district policy that leaves available classroom seats unfilled in order to achieve the district's desired "racial balance."
CIR and Minneapolis attorney Kirk Kolbo are representing a group of white parents whose children are on the waiting list for Capitol Hill, but who have been denied admission to the approximately 25 unfilled seats because of their race. CIR claims that denying admission to the children on account of their race violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and federal civil rights laws.
Barbara Jacobs, one of the parents suing the school district on behalf of her daughter, commented: "The lawsuit is a last resort. We and other parents have tried for months to get the school board to do the right thing by filling these empty desks with students on the wait list. They have just ignored us."
Admission to Capitol Hill is based on a competitive examination. In previous years, St. Paul school officials permitted suburban minority students to enroll at Capitol Hill, a policy that permitted officials to maintain their desired racial balance while filling all available slots. Last year, the board decided to prohibit suburban enrollment at Capitol. As a result of the racial mix requirement, officials now let seats go empty rather than filling them with qualified white students from the waiting list.
According to Kolbo, "denying students admission to Capitol Hill solely because of the color of their skin is both unconscionable and unconstitutional. The Constitution does not permit public school officials to impose 'racial balance' in the classroom."
CIR President Michael McDonald commented, "it is hard to conceive of a student assignment policy that more clearly frustrates the ideal of equal education opportunity regardless of race. We look forward to a quick resolution of this case."
To prevent the school district from leaving seats empty, CIR will ask the judge for a temporary restraining order that would require school officials to admit children from the waiting list.
More about this case:
Jacobs v. Indiana School District No. 625
News and Developments
Litigation Updates
CIR in the News
CIR's Press Releases
Support CIR
Donate pro bono Assistance to CIR
The Center for Individual Rights is a nonprofit public interest law firm that defends individual rights, with particular emphasis on civil rights and free speech. CIR provides free legal representation to deserving clients whose individual rights are threatened.


TO the consternation of central bankers and the growing alarm of Japanese exporters, the dollar seems to be settling in at a value of less than 100 yen.
The dollar closed in Tokyo yesterday at 99.93 yen, the first time it has finished under 100 yen since the modern exchange-rate system was established after World War II. The greenback is also falling in value relative to European currencies.
Many analysts have said in recent days that the United States central bank, the Federal Reserve, should raise interest rates to make the US currency more attractive to international investors. The Fed, however, has already raised rates four times since February and seems reluctant to do so again for fear it will stifle the US economic recovery.
US officials say they are concerned about the dollar's decline, but insist the underlying ``fundamentals'' of the US economy are strong. Investors, evidently, aren't so sure. ``The markets are worried about global inflation, particularly in the US,'' says Shigeki Sasaki, an economist with Nomura Research Institute in London.
Massive dollar-buying by central banks of 17 nations late last week and by the Bank of Japan in Tokyo yesterday failed to shore up the US currency. The ineffectuality of the intervention has many people puzzled. Normally, the marshaled forces of the world's most powerful financial institutions are enough to boost the value of the dollar.
But analysts say the US currency's weakness is due to a constellation of economic factors that are not susceptible to a quick fix. For one thing, the US continues to purchase billions of dollars more in goods and services from abroad than foreigners sell in the US, flooding the currency markets with dollars. Last year, the US current account deficit, the measure of this discrepancy, was $148 billion.
Until recently, however, international investors have bought up those extra dollars to purchase US bonds and securities in large amounts. But these investors are losing their interest. Prices on the US bond market have been weakening in recent months, and there is growing skepticism about the future of the US recovery.
The situation is worrisome to economic planners the world over, but the anxiety is particularly acute in Japan.
The Japanese political crisis and the sagging dollar are driving down the Japanese stock market. The Nikkei index of 225 key stocks dropped 465.79 points yesterday, a loss of 2.24 percent, closing at 20,300.96. It lost 273.46 points on Friday.
Shoichiro Toyoda, the chairman of Japan's powerful Federation of Economic Organizations, called again yesterday for concerted action to strengthen the dollar. Mr. Toyoda, who is also the chairman of the Toyota Motor Corporation, represents producers and exporters whose profits shrink when the yen gains strength. Indeed, some Japanese manufacturers say the high yen has already eliminated the possibility of profit.
The currency crunch comes at an especially delicate time for the Japanese economy, which is just beginning to nose its way out of a three-year recession.
the raising of interest rates - they suggest that long-term, complex measures like deregulation and market-opening are needed to ease tension on the Japanese side of the equation.
Ironically, the high yen may be forcing new realizations on the Japanese that will encourage them to press for such changes. Edward Lincoln, who advises US Ambassador Walter Mondale on economic issues, says the high yen makes the Japanese recognize how much more efficient their export industries are in comparison with producers who do not compete abroad.
He echoes the hope of US policymakers when he speculates that this realization may increase pressure for deregulation.
But Japanese leaders are in no position to concentrate now on a package of market-opening measures promised for the end of June. They are busy trying to choose a prime minister for the second time in three months.


Thoughts and discussion about Trek-related news.
Our next live recording of the Post Atomic Horror podcast will be FRIDAY, APRIL 8 at 5:30pm at the Pocket Theater in Seattle. This is the weekend of the Emerald City Comicon, so if you're in town, come check us out!
If you enjoy this show or any of the other shows we produce, please consider donating to our annual fundraiser.
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Episode Guide volume 2 now available!
Volume 2 of the Post Atomic Horror episode guide (covering all of Star Trek: The Next Generation) is available now, in both print and ebook formats! This is a comprehensive, comedic guide to the series and the movies. It features all-new material, not the same jokes you've heard on the Post Atomic Horror podcast. Buy it in our store.
Cover art by Ramon Villalobos.


text:
UN Rights Chief Warns Of Syria Civil War
UN High Commissioner For Human Rights Navi Pillay
The United Nations' human rights chief has again called on Syrian authorities to allow international observers to enter the country, warning that Syria is close to moving into full civil war.
Speaking to reporters December 9, UN High Commissioner For Human Rights Navi Pillay backed estimates saying that nearly 1,000 members of the Syrian security forces have been killed in the clashes that have taken place since March, when protests began against President Bashar al-Assad's regime.
The UN says more than 4,000 people on all sides have died in the nine-month conflict.
"I acknowledge that almost 1,000 of President Assad's security forces have also been killed in this conflict," Pillay said at UN headquarters in New York. "This is why I am alerting the world that as you have more and more defectors from the security forces, this may well develop into a fully fledged civil war."
Syrian anti-regime activists on December 9 reported that Syrian security forces had fired on fresh anti-government demonstrations across the country, killing at least 24 people, including a number of children.
The toll could not be independently confirmed, as the Syrian regime has banned most foreign journalists from the country and prevents local reporters from moving around freely.
compiled from agency reports


text:
Q: knitr/Rmarkdown pdf error "! Missing $ inserted." I execute a Rmarkdown document from a R script:
wd <- "my working directory"

# Data preparation
species1 <- sample(c("setosa", "versicolor", "virginica"), 1)
species2 <- species1
while (species2 == species1) {
  species2 <- sample(c("setosa", "versicolor", "virginica"), 1)
}

# Create pdf with solutions
show.solutions <- T
rmarkdown::render(input = "uebung02.Rmd", output_file = "uebung02 - Lösung.pdf", output_dir = paste(wd, "pdf", sep = ""))

Then rmarkdown::render renders ex02.Rmd (this is what's in this document):
---
title: "Übung 02"
subtitle: "Graphische Darstellung von Daten und Stichproben-Kennwerte"
output: pdf_document
---

```{r setup, include = F}
knitr::opts_chunk$set(echo = TRUE)
```

Achte genau auf die Aufgabenstellung, in der stets aufgeführt ist, ob Du nur eine Lösung (Wert, Erklärung), den hierfür verwendeten R-Befehl oder beides angeben sollst.

Versuche Probleme erst selbst zu lösen, bevor Du Dich an einen der TutorInnen wendest. Solltest Du alleine nicht weiterkommen, können diese Dir jederzeit helfen.

Verwende zur Bearbeitung der Aufgaben den Editor (ein R-Skript), nicht die Console! Das hilft nicht nur Dir Fehler, die Du irgendwann vllt. gemacht hast, leichter auszubessern, sondern auch den TutorInnen, um auftretende Probleme leichter verstehen zu können.

```{r, prep.ex01, echo = show.solutions, eval = show.solutions}
# Korrekteure: Dieser Part ist Teil der Randomisierung der Aufgaben
species1
species2
```

1. In dieser Aufgabe sollst Du einige morphometrische Daten für Blütenblätter von *Iris* sp. graphisch aufbereiten. Die Daten liegen bereits in einem Beispieldatensatz in R vor und können mit ```iris``` aufgerufen werden. Einen Überblick über den Datensatz selbst kannst Du Dir mit ```View(iris)``` verschaffen. (Achtung: Da R case sensitive ist, wirst Du mit ```view(iris)``` nicht weiterkommen. Achte in R also generell auf Groß- und Kleinschreibung.)

   a. Plotte für *Iris* *`r species1`* die Sepal-Länge (y-Achse) gegen die Petal-Länge (x-Achse). Die Datenpunkte sollen dabei als rote ausgefüllte Quadrate erscheinen. Limitiere die x-Achse auf Werte von 1 bis 7 und zeichne die y-Achse von 4 bis 8. (Wie das mit dem limitieren der Achsen auf bestimmte Werte funktioniert, findest Du in der Hilfe des ```plot```-Commands.) Bezeichne außerdem den Achsen mit "Petal-Länge" bzw. "Sepal-Länge". Gebe in der Lösung den Code an.

```{r, ex01a, echo = show.solutions, eval = F}
plot(iris$Petal.Length[iris$Species == species1],
     iris$Sepal.Length[iris$Species == species1],
     pch = 15, col = "red", xlim = c(1, 7), ylim = c(4, 8), xlab = "Petal-Länge",
     ylab = "Sepal-Länge")
```
   b. Füge nun als blau gefüllte Kreise noch die Werte der selben Variablen für die Art *Iris* *`r species2`* hinzu. Gebe auch hierfür den von Dir verwendeten Code an und lade die erstellte Abbildung in OLAT hoch.

```{r, ex01b, echo = show.solutions, eval = F}
points(iris$Petal.Length[iris$Species == species2],
       iris$Sepal.Length[iris$Species == species2],
       pch = 16, col = "blue")
```

```{r, ex01plot, echo = F, eval = T}
plot(iris$Petal.Length[iris$Species == species1],
     iris$Sepal.Length[iris$Species == species1],
     pch = 15, col = "red", xlim = c(1, 7), ylim = c(4, 8), xlab = "Petal-Länge",
     ylab = "Sepal-Länge")

points(iris$Petal.Length[iris$Species == species2],
       iris$Sepal.Length[iris$Species == species2],
       pch = 16, col = "blue")
```

However, R cannot render the file. It stops with this error:
! Missing $ inserted.
<inserted text>
                $
l.206 ...ösung_files/figure-latex/ex01plot-1.pdf}

Error: LaTeX failed to compile D:/biol109 - Biostatistik/Übungen/pdf/uebung02 - Lösung.tex. See https://yihui.org/tinytex/r/#debugging for debugging tips. See uebung02 - Lösung.log for more info.

First I thought this error occured due to the usage of dollars to call variables in the iris dataset (e.g. iris$Petal.Length). However, this same error remains when using indices instead.
Thus, I wonder what causes this error and how I can solve it so R/Tex can render the pdf?
Any help is appreciated! Many thanks in advance!

A: An update of my MiKTeX installation surprisingly solved the problems.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Each plate-joining station features multiple robots that are controlled by the PEMA WeldControl 200. Photo courtesy Pemamek Ltd.
With the U.S. military budget in a growth mode, it's understandable that shipbuilders for the U.S. Navy are optimistic about the future. One such shipbuilder, Ingalls Shipbuilding, has been optimistic since 2014, when it began an extensive Shipyard of the Future initiative at the company's Pascagoula, MS, location.
Now in its fifth year, the initiative requires significant investments in modern infrastructure, manufacturing equipment and technologically advanced processes. Thus far, the investments have expanded the manufacturer's level of automation, enhanced production quality and improved work flow.
One area where Ingalls has expanded and updated its automation is panel welding. In 2015, the company contracted with Pemamek Ltd. to build and install a large-scale PEMA automated welding system designed specifically for this purpose.
system includes dual flat-plate joining stations that utilize robotic welding, and have the capability for integrated milling and welding.
Both stations combine laser-hybrid arc welding with tandem metal active gas welding. The joint technologies enable Ingalls to accurately weld plates up to 60 feet long and as thin as 4 millimeters from one side. Equally important, integrated milling provides precise seam preparation and efficient welding for the entire length of each plate.
Ingalls likes that the PEMA system joins plates at a high volume, with minimum deformations. The system is also available with full digital machine control for one- or two-sided welding.
Another advanced feature of the station is fully automated robotized welding that performs panel stiffening. Multiple robots are involved, all of which use the PEMA WeldControl 200 controller. The unit's software enables complete communication between materials, machinery and the operator—while providing him with realistic welding models and full oversight of all shop floor operations.
The programmable controller ensures robot utilization of greater than 90 percent and precise production regardless of manufacturer size. It also lets end-users integrate all power systems to a single system and program all basic functions at start-up to limit the risk of human error.
Pemamek offers four WeldControl models (100, 200, 300 and 500), all of which feature a one-touch control panel. Shipbuilders of various sizes prefer the Model 200 because it allows for quick and easy programming of welding robots.
Several shipbuilders also use Pemamek's modular PEMA T-Beam system to weld T-beams of different sizes. The standard version features a heavy table with automated tack and normal welding capabilities.
Pemamek trained all of Ingalls operators and continues to provide them with ongoing technical and production support services. The Loimaa, Finland-based supplier has designed, built and installed many automated welding and production systems since 1970, as well as workpiece handling equipment for heavy and thick materials.
Ingalls was founded in 1938 and now has more than 12,000 employees, making it the largest private employer in Mississippi. In 2011, the company became a subsidiary of Huntington Ingalls Industries, America's largest military shipbuilder. Huntington Ingalls also provides professional services to partners in government and industry.
For more information on automated welding systems, call 358-10-501-61 or visit www.pemamek.com.
Jim is a senior editor of ASSEMBLY and has more than 30 years of editorial experience. Before joining ASSEMBLY, Camillo was the editor of PM Engineer, Association for Facilities Engineering Journal and Milling Journal. Jim has an English degree from DePaul University.


Why should the NHL continue to reward the Edmonton Oilers for on-ice failure and organizational ineptitude by giving them a better chance to select the cream of the crop at the Entry Draft while more successful teams line up behind and wait their turn? It shouldn't.
Trade speculation begins, Canucks better without Bieksa, Stamkos to Toronto, Ryan O'Reilly watch, Phaneuf an Oiler, size in the NHL matters, fantasy hockey and more in this week's Roundup.


-The story of Cupid and Psyche. Intellect is a god we only meet in darkness. If we try to shine our own small light upon it, it flees.
-"Intellect, more than anything else, is man" (Nic. Ethics, bk 10). He means that intellect, which is a power of the soul and not the soul, more than anything else points to the sort of thing soul is, from which all the powers of man flow out. Even the human body, as human, is a procession from soul.
-The calcium making your leg bone is alive. If it breaks, it grows back together. Human calcium is a living thing.
-No one sees intellect and lives.
-Aristotle on intellect "when it is set free from its condition, it will be just what it is, and nothing more". The "condition which includes something more" is the condition of being a power bound to a bodily subject, for intellect in itself consists in rising above the condition of bodily existence.
-If a tadpole thought about living on land, he would imagine himself suffocating.
-Just think about how much "Starry Night" doesn't tell you about who Van Gogh was. The cosmos tells you less about intellect. I took a test once on Van Gogh's life with one of his paintings hanging at the front of the room. No one was cheating.
Can I see what the writer says when I look up from the page or screen?
One of the more common debates in ethics is about the order between the intellect and the will, and its not uncommon for people to divide systems of ethics into the rational and the volitional/sentimental etc. St. Thomas is generally taken to be one of the high priests of rational ethics- although there is a good deal of competition here. Many who read St. Thomas's ethics get the impression that acting well is just a certain way of thinking well.
The basis of St. Thomas's ethics is man as lord. Reason and will are mentioned together as tools that allow for this lordship. To leap to "reason" would be to leap over the very first thing St. Thomas says about ethics.
Last month I read a review of a television drama that was set in a concentration camp. The Jews debated among themselves about the existence of God, and in the face of one objection after another the argument was finally decisively won by those who claimed that evil made God's existence impossible. Then, when they were all led off to the gas chamber, one asked "what do we do now?" and the answer was "We pray". The answer was not absurdism or intellectual cowardice- it was the recognition in the face of death of the structure and order of the heart.
Most of the responses to Russell's teapot objection leave the root of his objection untouched, therefore ensuring that the objection will reasonably sprout over and over again. The root of the objection is that the existence of God is a hypothesis, which I would simply deny. There is, of course, no reason why one cannot take something not known by hypothesis and form a hypothesis about it- but such a hypothesis is superfluous and can be discarded.
With a hypothesis, one justifies what they start with by what they end with. The starting point is freely admitted by all sides as unknown and freely created. None of the great theistic arguments start with an unknown premise freely created by the mind, but with truths given in sense experience analyzed by principles that are taken to be true. There is simply no hypothesis to dispute; no burden of proof to be assigned (when will that understandable but tiresome red herring disappear?); no series of various gods that need to be decided between from the start; no appeal to Ockham's razor to decide between competing hypotheses even before the argument begins.
Imagine an apple falling because of an absolutely determinate and infallible cause. Now imagine an apple falling for absolutely no reason whatsoever. In both cases you imagine an apple falling (duh). Our imagination does not suffice to see causality. It makes no difference if we make the image is really large- like an image of the whole universe.
When limited by the body, the metaphysician is among bodies but sees the intelligences behind them. When no longer so limited, he will be among the intelligences behind the physical. The word "behind" here does not indicate a position.
An ideal science would move both from causes to effects, and from what is more known to what is less known. In other words, if one started at the end of such an ideal science and moved toward the beginning, they would be getting closer and closer to universal causes, known in themselves. Again, the scientist tries, at one and the same time, both to give cause as and to explain the less known by the more known, and so it follows that the scientist is seeks to ground his enterprise on what is most causal and true in itself. This remains a goal of science, even if it is rarely achieved.
We can also use certain key axioms in St. Thomas's to explain why what is most causal is most true. Causing is one way of acting, and a thing acts so far as it is in act; and at the same time, truth belongs to knowledge, and a thing is knowable so far as it is in act. Act, therefore, is a common measure of truth and causality, such that a greater cause must correspond to a greater degree of truth. Said more briefly, one and the same principle causes both existence and knowledge: form. It follows, therefore, that what causes nobler existence causes a nobler truth.
Nature is in one way opposed to art, and in another way to chance. Nature is opposed to chance because of its intentional character, that is, because there is a causal connection between what something does and what it is. A falling tree might crush a lily, But the activity isn't natural- otherwise trees couldn't fall without killing lilies and lilies would live forever until crushed by trees. There is certainly some causality involved in the process, and there is even a sense of "natural" we can use to describe tress crushing flowers as "natural", but the crucial point is that no one thinks the activity proceeds from either of the two natures involved, that is, from the proper nature or flowers or trees.
But while a tree doesn't fall to crush a flower, it also doesn't fall because its a tree! Things other than trees fall, even though it seems pretty clear that a tree is always concomitant with "that which falls".
Aristotle took one very good run at explaining what "that which falls" is. He pointed to some evidence that falling things were made of earth (for all solid things seem to be either earthen or they corrupt into soil) and he thought that the earthen parts of things were attracted to earth. Earth wanted to be with earth. So earth was, properly speaking "that which falls". Modern physics gives similar sorts of explanations for other things- any physics teacher can catch himself saying things like "the hot air is trying to get to the cold air" when he is explaining a thermodynamics problem; or "the negative charge wants to take the shortest path to the positive charge" when he's explaining a circuit. Earth going to earth is the same idea. It was a theory to explain what "that which falls" was. The theory failed, of course. So now what?
The path of modern physics was to analyze simply the activity of falling- to divide it up into number measurements and observe the relationships between various number-measurements. "That which falls" was not treated of directly, but only through the ordered relationships that obtained between the various number-measurements. This is the sense of the modern project "forgetting about natures". Bacon and Newton and Compte tended to make this point more forcefully than it needed to be made, and they tended to exaggerate the departure from seeking natures. The relationships we obtain between number measurements are still about some definite nature- it's not as if we have to imagine that "natural laws" are some kind of ghostly platonic force that looks after the speeds of falling things. Even if one says that the laws are about "appearances" they are still the appearances of some nature- otherwise they are not even appearances.
Prudence is the habitual correct choice of the means to happiness.


text:
KRONOS ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES INTRODUCES NEWEST PERSONAL WEARABLE BIO-AEROSOL REAL-TIME SENSOR TO PROTECT PUBLIC DURING PANDEMIC
January 13, 2021 12:32 ET | Source: Kronos Advanced Technologies Inc.
LOS ANGELES, CA, Jan. 13, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- KRONOS ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, INC., (OTC MARKETS: KNOS) ("KNOS" or the "Company"), a revenue-generating, product development and production company that has significantly changed the way air is moved, filtered and sterilized announced today the availability of the first of its kind personal smart sensor, optimized for detection of micro bio-aerosols and air quality. Bio-aerosols are airborne particles that are living (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) that may originate from living organisms. The health effects of bio-aerosols, including infectious diseases, acute toxic effects, allergies, and cancer coupled with the threat of bioterrorism and SARS and the recent COVID-19 pandemic, have led to increased awareness on the importance of bio-aerosols.
This revolutionary product was developed and is manufactured by Israeli hi-tech startup, Canario LTD and is exclusively marketed in North America by Kronos Advanced Technologies Inc.
The CANARIO™ sensor is a wearable, portable device that continuously monitors the air users' quality in real-time utilizing an advanced laser sensor with sophisticated embedded artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to perform automatic machine learning and self-calibration. This unique technology allows the CANARIO™ to detect a single particle measurement of atmospheric bacteria, molds, pollen, and other micro bio-aerosols as small as 0.3 micrometers (which is an equivalent size of about two Covid virus particles).
The compact, patent-pending CANARIO ™ can be securely attached to the user's bag or belt or uniform and can be taken anywhere and constantly monitors dangerous micro bio-aerosol contamination in the surrounding air within about 10 feet. The Sensor connects via Bluetooth to the user-friendly CANARIO app to provide users with quality of air, bio-aerosol contamination alerts, as well as tracking user's social distancing. In addition to monitoring the air quality, the CANARIO™ also includes a micro UV sensor for monitoring dangerous Ultraviolet radiation indoors and outdoors.
The app constantly records and accumulates the data providing users with Air Quality alerts around the user. Suppose the air quality and amount of potentially dangerous and infectious bio-aerosol gets above a certain recommended safe threshold, the device will vibrate while the user immediately receives an alert into the user's smartphone.
The CANARIO™ is designed to be used by individual users as well as in corporate or office environments allowing management to monitor social distancing at work. Built-in range sensor brings precision to social-distance monitoring and contact tracing. Safeguarding social distancing is one missing link for employees in the COVID-19 age. CANARIO™ range sensors can measure the distance between workers with very high accuracy and alert those within minimum recommended distance limits.
As the world suffers the impact of COVID-19, USA businesses and governments also are seeking ways to safely reopen state and local economies to try to minimize the financial impact of the virus. Many people are returning to their work. However, with ongoing COVID-19 outbreaks and the threat of a next wave still feared, CDC recommends continuing to maintain social distancing and contact tracing as an essential part of the corporate plans for the safe reopening of businesses and other facilities.
In many workplaces where employees need to be mobile to conduct their activities, maintaining a safe social distance and monitoring amounts of potentially infectious micro bio-aerosol becomes an issue because the proximity between workers is constantly, dynamically changing. CANARIO™ personal sensors worn individually by all the workers will track and log data regarding which individuals have come in contact with each other. This data is extremely useful when a workplace outbreak occurs to inform people that they have been in close proximity to a person who has subsequently been diagnosed positive for COVID-19 or other infectious diseases. The Sensor's backend platform will be capturing and sharing data about the employees being monitored without infringing with their privacy.
To minimize the risk of COVID-19 and the workplace disruptions caused by workplace outbreaks, employers may be advised to enforce workplace social distancing and introduce device based contact tracing. The small size and low power consumption of CANARIO™ sensors and its integrated app will make it possible for employers to provide a technologically advanced solution that combines proximity monitoring with data logging, network interfacing, contact tracing, and dashboard analysis, becoming necessary for safer workplace interactions.
Recently published data from Acumen Research and Consulting indicated that the global biochemical sensor market is expected to reach a market value of around $67 billion by 2026 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 15% in terms of revenue during the period 2019 - 2026.
"The arrival of CANARIO™ to the North American markets marks the beginning of a new era for our Company and we're thrilled to partner with Kronos and to introduce our impressive newly designed personal sensor to Kronos customers," said Itzik Baabur, Canario's Chief Marketing Officer. "We have pushed the boundaries to deliver incredible technological advancements, AI, and developed first of its kind in the world personal air pollution, infectious bio-aerosol and UV radiation monitoring system. Available in two versions: consumers and B2B -CANARIO™ sensors are well designed and durable, and for the first time ever-makes it easier for consumers to stay safe and to fit their lifestyle."
"Innovations we bring to our customers are truly impressive. Being able to 'sense' the air quality around you… this has never been done before." -commented Michael Rubinov, Kronos' President. "Canario's team is amazing. We are looking forward to increased cooperation as we utilize Canario's extensive R&D capabilities in Israel."
The world's first personal micro bio-aerosol CANARIO™ sensors are available for purchase by individuals and companies immediately. The introductory retail price is $179.99. The product comes with USB-C Cable, carabiner clip, Quick Start Guide.
For more information, please review this video: https://youtu.be/8QecrVluvdY
About Canario LTD
Canario is an Israeli start-up company that's focused on improving the health and quality of life for all global citizens, by creating reliable, practical solutions for monitoring the air that we breathe.
Working closely with leading engineers and virologists, Canario developed a revolutionary personal digital electronic nose "Canario" that scans the air 24/7, monitoring the environment and alerting to possible risks.
The company is led by Dovik and his team that has been dedicated to the R&D effort for the last 2 years. "Canario" is first of a kind personal air monitoring device that can monitor and alert on poor air quality, excessive exposure to UV sun radiation and the presence of aerosol droplets that can transmit viruses and other organic pathogens.
Over the past year, the company has joined the global effort to stop the Covid pandemic and has developed the Canario2B platform. The Platform is an air monitoring and proximity-tracking solution that enables organizations to perform efficient trace tracking and isolate only relevant employees thus saving huge costs in managing trace tracking and reducing the isolation of employees.
About Kronos Advanced Technologies, Inc.
The Company was initially founded in 2002 and funded by the U.S. military to develop electrostatic air movers. Eventually, the Company moved into the consumer air purification business. It began operations as a product development company that invented and significantly changed the way air is moved, filtered, and sterilized. Historically, Kronos has focused on developing, marketing, and selling the Company's proprietary air movement and purification technology. Serving the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) market, Kronos technology uses state-of-the-art high voltage patented processes without the use of traditional porous HEPA filters. Kronos-based products move air silently, filter, sterilize, and purify the air while dramatically reducing energy consumption to half of a 60-watt light bulb. Kronos devices can be variable in shape or size and, therefore, have the potential to be scaled-down for air purification in cars or scaled-up in size for industrial and hazardous gas destruction. The technology is currently being implemented in multiple standalone products for businesses, homes, and vehicles of all types -to move, sterilize and filter air, including removing allergens down to 14.6 nanometers, passing through our patented technology -replacing expensive outdated passive HEPA and other filtration type systems. There are broad ranges of additional markets for standalone and embedded Kronos CORE technology-based devices. Examples of immediately addressable markets include schools, universities, healthcare facilities, operating rooms, manufacturing clean rooms, and the cabins of automobiles and commercial aircraft.
Recently, the Company filed for a provisional patent involving an innovative protective face mask with antimicrobial and anti-cellphone radiation protection features. The Company is planning to file additional patents to improve its existing technology as well as enter into new market segments but will continue to market air purifiers and other consumer products. The Company is an exclusive distributor and licensee of the latest generation of air purifiers based on the Company's CORE technologies. The Company markets its products as Airdog® and KRONOS® brands. All Kronos products come with Kronos Promise ™ -Your Satisfaction is Guaranteed!
Company offices are located in Los Angeles, California.
Shopping portal: https://www.1800safeair.com
Follow KNOS on Twitter: https://twitter.com/kronosati
Follow KNOS on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/kronosati
Follow KNOS on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kronos_ati/
Follow KNOS on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdtrQDt1R26Ulh8v-S-EpJg
Contact us via info@kronosati.co or visit https://www.kronosati.co or https://www.1800SAFEAIR.com
Forward-looking statements:
Certain statements contained in this press release may constitute "forward-looking statements." Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors as disclosed in our filings with the OTC Markets at OTCMarkets.com. In addition to these factors, actual future performance, outcomes, and results may differ materially because of more general factors including (without limitation) general industry and market conditions and growth rates, economic conditions, governmental and public policy changes, the Company's ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, if at all, the Company's successful development of its products and the integration into its existing products and the commercial acceptance of the Company's products.
The forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Company's views as of the date of this press release, and these views could change. However, while the Company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to do so.
These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Company's views as of any date subsequent to the date of the press release.
SOURCE: KRONOS ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES, Inc
Phone inquiries: 1-800-SAFE-AIR (option #4)
More articles issued by Kronos Advanced Technologies Inc.
Kronos Advanced Technologies Inc.
Calabasas, California, UNITED STATES
http://www.kronosati.co
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The Surge would like to thank Hall Auto World for their generous donation to the team. Please keep this in mind when purchasing your next vehicle. Remember - Hall - it's that easy!
The Surge would like to thank Craig Technical Consulting for their generous donation to the team. CTC is an 8a avionics consulting company right here in Virginia Beach. If anyone is looking for an avionics specialist at work, please keep them in mind.


Episode 2: Human Pee Fertilizer, Permaculture Pants, Chicken Coop, Taste Test.
Gordon shows us his zone one gardens, his Permaculture pants, chicken coop, wood chipper, and how he uses human pee as a garden fertilizer to help jump start his Florida Permaculture food forest.
http://eOrganicVegetableSeeds.com – Organic gardening: How to grow an organic vegetable garden What does it mean to grow vegetables organically? Scott Meyer, editor of Organic Gardening magazine shows how to plant and nurture an organic vegetable garden.


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All posts tagged "raindance film festival"
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Raindance Film Festival Winners Announced
By Katie-Jane Hall on October 6, 2013
The 21st Raindance Film festival has come to a close, announcing it's winning films on Saturday 5th October at Vue cinema in Piccadilly Circus ....
Raindance Reviews: Jake Squared ★★★★
By Flossie Topping on September 29, 2013
Sundance alumni Howard Goldberg attempted to fund his third feature, Jake Squared, through Kickstarter, setting a goal of $50,000. His campaign failed on August 16th...
Raindance Reviews: Two Jacks ★★
Director Bernard Rose presents his fourth Leo Tolstoy adaptation after Anna Karenina ('97), Ivan Xtc ('00) and The Kreutzer Sonata ('08), this time basing his...
Raindance Line-up: Best Documentary
There are 8 films in competition for the Best Documentary award at Raindance, and the standard is high. All of the films listed have already...
Raindance Line-up – Best International Feature
With the Raindance Film Festival just around the corner (25th Sept – 6th Oct), we take a look at the films in competition for Best...
Raindance Line-up – Best UK Feature
Raindance, Europe's largest independent film festival, will present 100 feature films and over 150 short films between 25th September – 6th October. Here we unpack...
Raindance Line-up Announced (25th Sep – Oct 6th)
By Katie-Jane Hall on September 3, 2013
Europe's largest Indie film festival announced the full programme for its 21st outing today, showcasing some of the most promising new filmmakers from all across...
© Critics Associated Limited PLC, 9 Blairtummock Place, Panorama Business Village, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G33 4EN. All rights reserved. Scotland company registration number SC453950.
Crack for InterBase Data Access Components for Delphi 5 5.0.1


The Ural Volcanics and Mt Hope Volcanics in the Central Lachlan Orogen, New South Wales, overlie non-volcanic, sedimentary, below-wave-base submarine facies in two intracontinental rift basins, the Rast and Mt Hope Troughs. The Ural Volcanics and Mt Hope Volcanics consist primarily of felsic (rhyolite to dacite), coherent facies and associated felsic monomictic breccia facies. These volcanic facies are interpreted to represent submarine lava-sill complexes, which define intrabasinal, effusive, volcanic and shallow intrusive centres. Small felsic intrusions and rare intermediate (monzodiorite) to mafic (gabbro) dykes also occur. The rocks experienced chlorite to biotite greenschist-facies metamorphism. LA-ICPMS U/Pb zircon dating indicates the Ural Volcanics and the Mt Hope Volcanics were broadly contemporaneous, but with mean ages of 421 ± 2 and 411 ± 5 Ma, respectively, the Ural Volcanics are slightly older. Given the differences in the degree of metamorphism, the different ages might represent greater Pb loss for the Mt Hope Volcanics. Major- and trace-element data (variably high K+, Zr, Nb, and Y, among others) is most consistent with A-type, within-plate origins for the igneous rocks, although some loss of immobile elements apparently accompanied metamorphism. The geologic setting, based on mapping, indicates that the Ural Volcanics and Mt Hope Volcanics were erupted and deposited in an intrabasinal environment, best described as an elongate, intracontinental submarine rift. This setting, and apparent absence of a proximal contemporaneous arc, supports contentions that A-type magmas are produced in rift settings.


Every Spring Haalem's Frans Hals Museum opens its galleries to leading floral designers - with spectacular results. We caught up with the Monique van Royen to find out more.
ECT: When did the tradition of floral displays at the Museum begin and why?
MvR: Haarlem is located in the bulb-growing region and has been known as the flower city par excellence since time immemorial and many of the paintings in the museum tell the story of the mania for tulips during the Golden Age, so there is a natural affinity. In 1989, a talented group of volunteers from the Friends of the Frans Hals Museum started to decorate the museum and the idea has grown from there. We now show the flowers for eight weeks and, for the last three years, the designer Paul Wijkmeijer and his team have been helping with the displays.
ECT: It can't be easy having live flowers sitting amongst these precious paintings. What challenges do you face?
MvR: Keeping the flowers fresh and the elaborate vases clean are the biggest challenges, but the thing that keeps the conservation department busy is the wildlife ... they are always on the look out for small creatures hiding in the flowers! But it's worth it - the flowers really bring the museum to life.
ECT: What designers have you worked with in the past?
MvR: Joke Reurink, Ietje Marseille, Ingrid Smit and now Vibeke Struben. We also commission artists such as the Dutch ceramic artist Jan van der Vaart and glass artists Bernard Heesen and Ritsue Mishima to design the vases.
ECT: What's the most unusual display you have seen?
MvR: We once had a floral display of an enormous bear designed by Hans van Bentem in the garden.
ECT: What can we look forward to for 2019?
MvR: The theme for 2019 in 'In or Out' , looking at changing fashions in flowers. What do we consider a weed now that was fashionable in earlier times for example? Vibeke Struben and Paul Wijkmeier will be creating displays which will be exciting.
Come and see how they interpret the theme on our Keukenhof Spring Floral tour.


Why start grooming your Labradoodle yourself?
Which grooming tools do you need?
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Physetocneme ciliosa är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Felder 1861. Physetocneme ciliosa ingår i släktet Physetocneme och familjen björnspinnare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Björnspinnare
ciliosa


There is a variety of leisure activities that Greek people of all ages enjoy. The warm and pleasant climate allows for social interactions indoors as well as outdoors, in bustling town centres and open air markets. The Greeks' love of coffee and food, in all its shapes and forms, is evident any given day of the week, especially the weekends, when shops are busy welcoming customers, who then treat themselves to a coffee with friends.
The Greeks are also keen on the arts, especially the cinema and theatre, as well as open-air concerts. Greece is the home to great music halls, such as Megaron Musikis in Athens and in Thessaloniki, where a variety of shows are staged every year. Every summer around Greece town councils organize a variety of festivals mixing traditional culture and contemporary trends. Ancient sites are often used to accommodate such festivals. The Epidavros Ancient theatre, for example, is a host of one of the most well-known theatre festivals in the world, attended by thousands of theatre enthusiasts every year.
Last but not least, Greeks are known sports and nature lovers. Our mountainous terrain and breathtaking landscape makes Greece an ideal destination for hikers from around the world. Crete is the home of the renowned Samaria Gorge, which hosts thousands of visitors every year. Greek beaches are also a key feature of our landscape and a vital part of Greek life. Our climate ensures that the crystal clear beaches can be enjoyed from spring to late autumn, not just for lounging and sunbathing, but also for partaking in more extreme sports such as kind surfing or wind surfing, which are becoming particularly popular lately. Also, younger people are increasingly socially conscious, evident in their enthusiasm for charity events such as charity runs, which take place throughout the year. Cycling, football, basketball, dancing are also very popular sports among the younger generation.


A little "Retirement Plan 101," highlighting the basics of the various plans available to you and your employees.
The money contributed may grow through investments in stocks, mutual funds, money market funds, savings accounts and other investment vehicles.
A 401(k) plan may allow participants to take their benefits with them when they leave the company, easing administrative burden.
A specific type of 401(k) plan that encourages employee participation and provides employers more leniency in setting up plans, without concerns about discrimination in favor of highly compensated employees.
In a Safe Harbor 401(k) plan, all contributions must be fully vested immediately.
A plan that gives employees a share in the company's profits. Each employee receives a percentage of those profits based on the company's earnings.
The company decides what portion of the profits will be shared.
A great way to give employees a sense of ownership in the company.
A profit-sharing plan with an allocation formula that divides employees into two groups: preferred and nonpreferred.
Contributions are allocated within each group according to relative age and compensation.
Employers are permitted to add a 401(k) salary-deferral feature.
Vesting schedule is determined by the employer.
Employers may offer participant loans.
In a typical cash balance plan, a participant's account is credited each year with a pay credit (such as 5 percent of compensation from his or her employer) and an interest credit (either a fixed rate or a variable rate that is linked to an index such as the one-year Treasury bill rate).
Increases and decreases in the value of the plan's investments do not directly affect the benefit amounts promised to participants.
Investment risks and rewards on plan assets are borne solely by the employer.
Benefits are determined by a formula that indicates the amount an employee will receive upon retirement. The benefit amount is typically based on a number of factors, including the employee's average salary before retirement, age at retirement and length of employment.
Benefit amounts can be a specific dollar amount or a compensation percentage.
Single-Participant 401(k) plans – or "Single(k)" – offer 100-percent tax deferral of contributions, the ability to borrow from the plan and fewer administrative headaches than their corporate cousin.
FMi's international retirement plan solution – often called "Ex-Pat" or "Third Country National" (TCN) plans – are designed for non-U.S. employees working outside their home country.
These plans give an employer the ability to provide retirement plan benefits during an employee's secondment (when an employee temporarily changes job roles within the same company, or temporarily transfers to another organization for an agreed-upon period of time).
Designed to give maximum flexibility and portability to go with the employee when they move within an organization or onto the next phase of life.
Ideal for mobile employees working in multiple countries who may not qualify for a local plan. This plan can also act as a supplemental plan to local plans around the world.
Every employer must establish and maintain a pension plan in relation to his or her employees, subject to the provisions of the Act and the Regulations.
At least once in every month, employers are required to withhold 5-percent contributions from the member's earnings, and to pay that amount – within 30 days following the month in which it was withheld – together with the employee's contribution directly to the administrator for payment into the pension fund.


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O Palácio Arquiepiscopal de Alcalá de Henares (em espanhol: Palacio Arzobispal de Alcalá de Henares) é um palácio situado em Alcalá de Henares, na Comunidade de Madrid, Espanha. Atualmente é a casa da Diocese de Alcalá de Henares. Está situado na Plaza del Palacio e faz parte do conjunto monumental reconhecido como Patrimônio da Humanidade pela UNESCO. Neste edifício veio residir diferentes monarcas, aqui foram realizados sínodos e conselhos, e foi onde nasceu a filha mais nova dos monarcas católicos e futura rainha da Inglaterra, Catarina de Aragão, e do imperador alemão Fernando, filho de Joanna "a Louca". Além disso, é famoso por ser o lugar onde foi realizado o primeiro encontro entre os monarcas católicos e Cristóvão Colombo.

Palácios episcopais
Bens de Interesse Cultural da Comunidade de Madrid