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Accidental Philosopher Encounters Modern Life
Enraged by Irritations: Human Nature Or Aristocratic Problem?
I don't know if you've read The Leopard -- the 1958 book by Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa that tells a story of social change and the decline of the nobility in 19th-century Sicily through the narrative of the Salina family and its patriarch Don Fabrizio.
I love The Leopard. I love the sensuality of the narrative and of Don Fabrizio himself. I love the way Don Fabrizio admires and supports his nephew Tancredi, even though Tancredi represents the decline of the Salina's social class. I love the way that Don Fabrizio's real interest, and true comfort, lies in astronomy and mathematics.
At one point in the story, Father Pirrone - a priest who lives with the Salina family -- is asked to reflect on what the aristocrats think about then coming shifts in social equality. And he tries to answer, he gets caught up in a long and rambling response because he doesn't know how to explain how the nobility see the world and how different it is.
In trying to express the incomprehensibility what the nobility care about and what they don't, he says "I've seen Don Fabrizio get quite testy, wise and serious though he is, because of a badly ironed collar to his shirt; and I know for certain that the Prince of Làscari didn't sleep for a whole night from rage because he was wrongly placed at one of the Viceroy's dinners."
Encountering that passage always gives me a shock of recognition in an uncomfortable way. Because I, too, am frequently thrown by small irritations. I went through a phase where if I was chopping vegetables and a small piece of something would fall on the floor, I would flip out, feel the world was against me. The problem of price stickers leaving sticky residue on elegant objects sends me into a tailspin. Sometimes I get dressed to go out, and realize my shoes won't work with the weather, and realize my outfit won't work with different shoes, and I get a complete feeling of despair come over me. Yesterday morning, my clothes hangers got tangled up and I was like OK, that's it, we're done.
I don't think I'm alone. I've seen friends in a rage because of coffee spilled on a shirt, or a glass dropped on the floor.
I used to buy into the orthodoxy of "underlying mood": that this kind of thing happens because there is an undercurrent of stress and anxiety so intense that the seeming OKness of the surface is a superficial layer, a paint job over roiling chaos. Sometimes that's true. You can always describe it that way if you want to. But often it doesn't feel that way to me. To me, it feels more like a plunge into the essential pointlessness and harrassingness of human existence, a plunge caused by the irritation itself, not requiring unusual life stress as a background condition.
At first, I was inclined to draw the conclusion that Father Pirrone's association of this experience with aristocracy was questionable. I'm not an aristocrat, and neither are my friends. But then I started wondering if maybe just being middle-class and white in North America was a kind of experience of aristocracy -- I mean, that the relevant background needs and social comforts are met at such a high general high level that our idea of what is a "problem" would be more similar to that of the Salina family than to the non-aristocrats of 19th century Sicily.
But then -- "on the third hand," as my mother liked to say -- I got to thinking, maybe Father Pirrone is wrong about it after all -- because what does Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa know about it? He was the last Prince of Lampedusa and owner of a hereditary agricultural estate. He has no special insights into whether being enraged by irritations is a special aristocrat thing or more a general human thing.
I used to have a lot less money than I do now, and for a time I was in difficult circumstances. I've been trying to remember whether I was just enraged by small irritations then as I am now. But I can't quite sort it out. In my mind's eye of that time, I'm just smoking a lot of cigarettes. I do remember that when I worked as a waitress, one of my tasks was to break cold feta cheese into crumbled feta cheese with my hands, and I hated the feeling so badly, I swore I'd never do that by choice. To this day, I use a knife to chop feta into little cubes.
So: enraged by irritations: human nature or aristocratic problem? I'm really not sure. Or -- maybe it's just me?
Posted by Patricia Marino at 9:19 AM No comments:
Labels: bad habits, books, human nature, moods, novels, pointlessness of life
Trade-Offs Versus Optimization: Is Everything An Optimization Problem?
In my work on ethics, I'm what I think of as a "trade-off" person rather than an "optimize" person. In the informal sense, this means that I see conflicting and competing considerations and values all around, and I think the ethical task is often to figure out how to prioritize among various considerations, instead of thinking that the ethical task is to figure out what is good and then bring about as much of that as possible.
If your first thought is "Wait, how are those really different?" then you are right in lock step with what a lot of other people are thinking.
To me, on the face of it they seem very different. For example: when the pandemic led to conditions where not everyone could be treated because there weren't enough resources, ventilators, and so on, one system of decision-making would be to "maximize overall health by directing care toward those most likely to benefit the most from it." For example, give the resources you have to the people most likely to survive, in ways that maximize the additional healthy years they will live. This is an optimizing strategy as it identifies a good -- healthy years of life to come -- and frames choices as maximizing that good.
A problem with this optimizing strategy is that it leads to discriminatory effects. "Health years" of life is usually understood as meaning years of life without a disability, so other things being equal, a person with a disability would be less likely to be treated than a non-disabled person. Because of social injustice and oppression, Black people in the US often have worse health than white people; if they were therefore less likely to have good outcomes, they would be less prioritized for treatment. Poor people are much more likely to have underlying health conditions and thus would be less likely to be treated.
The "trade-off" perspective, on the other hand, frames the problem as one in which there are a variety of considerations that have to be weighed and balanced. Producing good effects in the sense of future years of life might be one consideration, but fairness and justice would also be a consideration. You might decide to use subjective measures of quality of life in which having a disability does not make a life less good; you might explicitly bring-anti-racism into the picture. You have to come up with a way of proceeding that weighs multiple considerations against one another. It might be complicated, and you might have to use your judgment.
When I have talked about these issues in classes or at conferences, defending a trade-off approach, occasionally someone will say to me: "If you frame it properly, everything is an optimization problem." I take it they mean something like this: while maximizing healthy years is one way of optimizing, it is not the only way; whatever value you think is good you can run a maximizing strategy on it. For instance, if you think future years of life, fairness, justice and equality are all important, you can create some concept like "overall goodness" that incorporates all of these. Then you can just maximize that. So there isn't really any difference; trading-off is not a separate and different kind of thing; it's more just what you're trying to maximize.
In harmony with this idea, there is a technical result that any set of ethical judgements can be "consequentialized" -- that is, expressed as the result of an optimizing procedure.
So if you were thinking, "Wait, how are those really different?" the answer is that in some deep conceptual sense, maybe they are not really different.
OK. But then I think: what about the other senses -- the ones that are not the deep conceptual senses? Even if you *can* frame your approach in optimizing terms-- should you?
I think the answer to this question is often "No." The details are tricky and probably boring for most people, but here is a short version:
1) Both methods require moral judgment, in the sense of figuring out what is important and how important it is, but "optimizing" has a veneer of objectivity to it, like we're just number-crunching. News flash: we're never just number-crunching. Talking about "trade-offs" reminds us constantly that we're using our human judgment and our values to figure out what to do.
2) "Trade-off" reminds you immediately that no matter what you do, you may have lost something, so that even if you get the right balance something bad happened. The language of "optimizing," however, has unsettling connotation of "everything is all for the best." If you have to prioritize one person over another, and you make a good decision, but the other person dies, do you really want to say "well, that was optimal"? In fact, noticing that it wasn't optimal may prompt you to think or plan differently in the future -- e. g., trying to prevent people from getting sick in the first place.
3) "Optimization" lends itself to methodologies where the inputs are easily measurable. Yes, you can optimize for things like justice and fairness and anti-oppression, in the sense that you can come to a judgment about what to do that honors those values in the way you think best in the circumstances. But, especially given 1), once you're in the optimization frame of mind, it's natural to start thinking that you're going to be more objective, precise, and accurate if you have numbers to put in -- something like, I don't know, estimates of "healthy future years lived." When those don't reflect the values you wanted to use, you'll end up coming to the wrong answer.
The pandemic and our responses to it are full of massively complex challenging questions: How should we balance protecting our health with the losses that come from lockdowns? How should we express our valuing of children's schooling with protecting everyone from harm? How far should we go in trying to eliminate COVID as opposed to just flattening the curve?
These questions have no easy answers and that's one reason we're all in dismay and disagreement about them. Talk of optimizing, even if conceptually sound, makes it seem like some of us are right and some of us are stupid, and makes us want to invest in computer science. Talk of trade-offs reminds us: honoring multiple values in complex circumstances is difficult and fraught, and it's values all the way down.
Posted by Patricia Marino at 8:50 AM 2 comments:
Labels: Coronavirus, in the news, morality, philosophy
Anti-Racist Values And Decision-Making On Campus
Like a lot of other universities around North America, my university has been talking over the last few weeks about anti-racism and what universities need to do to do better. Among other things, events included a workshop I attended last week. I've been thinking about an important point that the speaker made, which is if you say that you have anti-racist values (which universities do), then you have to put those values into practice, otherwise it's just talk. Success at putting those values into practice is manifested in practical outcomes, and can thus be seen and measured.
This point got me to thinking about the different ways that university systems work to create the outcomes that we do, in fact, experience and see. One thing that happens a lot in universities, to one degree or another, is that decisions are driven by undergraduate enrolment statistics. Departments and faculties get resources if they attract more students and majors. Departments and faculties die if they fail to attract students and majors. Individual classes run, or don't run, based on whether they attract students. As you can imagine, this can influence big decisions, like who gets hired to do what, and vast numbers of smaller decisions, like what gets on a syllabus.
This way of proceeding has always seemed to me a bit bizarre. Are we really going to let the decisions of a bunch of 18-22 year-olds -- and, the narrow slice of them who happen to go to university -- determine the direction of scholarly research and the ideas that a community invests in? This is nothing against young people -- it's just weird to have this tiny cross-section of society wield this enormous power over something that is quite important and complicated.
And even from an abstract point of view, you can see how this way of proceeding might tend away from, rather than toward, teaching and research focused on anti-racism and anti-oppression. Young white people may not want to confront their place in an unjust system. Almost all young people are pressured to study practical subjects. In universities without breadth requirements, students in STEM majors may feel they don't have time in their course schedule for other things. These pressures don't come just from anxious parents, they also come from the way our world is -- hyper competitive, capitalistic, etc. etc.
If I understand correctly, one way of framing decision-making based on enrolment goes something like this: undergraduate tuition pays the bills, so that is the income; a sensible organization of a system lines up the income and the expenses so that the one pays for the other in some linear kind of way. I've even heard of universities where they say "you eat what you kill": the idea being that self-sufficiency market-based norms coordinating input and output should undergird university decision-making.
There is much to say about this, but what I want to focus on here is the veneer of objectivity and neutrality sometimes placed on this framing. Apportioning resources in a way that seems to line up supply with demand can seem like you are avoiding these problematic value-laden judgments. It may seem like you're taking a step back -- *we* aren't the ones making these decisions. It's just how things shake out when you look at the numbers.
But all ways of making decisions are value-laden and non-neutral. If you do a cost-benefit analysis, you're making judgments about how to weigh everyone's choices and what other values -- like justice -- you're ignoring. If you base everything on consent and individual liberty, you're making judgments that privilege the status quo, and that rule out rectification of historical injustice. The metaphor of the market rests on assumptions that what your customers want and need is what should be created, and that their sense of worth should inform yours.
As racialized people have been saying for a long time, the social structures in place that feel neutral or objective to those in the dominant social group are anything but, and often work to reinforce the injustices of the past.
Of course universities should factor into their decision-making what students are looking for. When they do so, they pay respect to certain values, including respect for student needs and student autonomy. The point here is just that other values matter too -- values that are distinct from these, and may conflict with them. If you say you care about these other values, you have to find a way to make room for them in practical decision-making at various levels, which can mean bringing judgment calls back into the picture.
Posted by Patricia Marino at 8:11 AM 1 comment:
Labels: academia, morality, social equality
Science, Judgment, And Authority In The Time Of Pandemic
The Coronavirus moment is reminding us all of the problems with the way we normally do things. Some of these problems have to do with the place of science in our practices, the way we talk to one another, and why we do what we do. These are just a few items that I have found extra personally irritating.
Masks of confusion
I know a lot of people are irritated by the way that we were told not to wear masks, because they were pointless and we'd all fuck it up and wear them wrong and cause mayhem, only to learn later that wearing masks actually works. And sure, I can spare a thought for that annoyance.
But for me, this been massively eclipsed by my feelings about the bizarre communication style about masks right now. Almost everything I read says something like "Here's what to do about masks" or "Here's where masks are mandatory" or "Here is the updated health policy on masks -- without explaining the reason people are being asked to wear masks.
Every public communication about masks should include a basic explanation that the use of basic non-fancy masks works because it prevents asymptomatic infected people from spreading the disease around. People do not know whether they are asymptomatic. So if they're going to be near people, they should wear a mask. Sure, it might help you avoid infection yourself, but that is not the main point.
There still seems to be massive basic confusion about this. I keep seeing people in comment sections saying how it's their choice how much they want to protect themselves, or that they're personally not worried about getting sick, or that only infected people should have to wear masks. Are health communicators being deliberately obscure about the collective responsibility angle, because they think people will assume it's self-interest and thus follow the rules? Are they leaving out the explanation because they think people will just follow the rule? Bad news for you, guys.
"Listen to the science"
This one is trickier, because of course, yes, I think we should base our decisions on the best scientific information that we have. But science alone tells you almost nothing about what to do in a pandemic, because everything you do is going to have complex ripple effects and you have to trade those off against one another. BCE (before Coronavirus era), I used to constantly bore people talking about how many people die every year from car crashes -- in 2016 alone, around 1.35 worldwide and over 37,000 in the US. But no one ever seriously suggests giving up driving.
Please note that I am not saying that the virus is comparable to driving! Clearly, it is much more dangerous. The point is just that structurally, we're always making collective and personal judgments about how much risk is OK for the things we want to do. One thing that's challenging in the Coronavirus case is that different people have different risk tolerance, and yet in the nature of a pandemic, we have to act together. That is a very difficult situation, but it's also one that isn't helped by saying "listen to the science."
Amateur epidemiologists around every corner
These fall into two categories: the data watchers and the microbiology obsessives. The data watchers are checking out the Johns Hopkins site to follow the numbers and see whether their preferred policy response is working and whether countries with leaders they hate are suffering. I'm guilty of this myself, relying on this cool visualization site to compare stats, form hypotheses, and rationalize my existing prejudices. As this Guardian article reminds us, though, there are lies, damned lies, and statistics: massive variation in how cases are counted, and when they are counted, and what counts as "dying from Coronavirus" means it will be years before we have any clear picture of what is happening.
Then there are the people who keep up to date on things like what size of particle travels by aerosol transmission. Whatever floats your boat, I guess -- but, as with most science, a few papers you download from a preprint server is probably not enough for a non-expert to make an informed opinion.
While these are my personal irritations, I will say one thing they have in common is that science, while crucial, is never the whole story: the world still needs judgment, communication, shared deliberation, and all those murky things you find over in the Arts and Humanities departments. So please, please don't destroy us and leave everything to the STEM people.
Labels: Coronavirus, driving, philosophy, science
Policing Practices, Law and Economics, And The Values Of Justice And Efficiency
In the full story of how things in American policing became so completely fucked up, I would like to read an analysis that explores connections among 1) theoretical issues in the framework known as "law and economics," 2) local legal structures that appear to use policing to generate revenue, 3) policing practices, and 4) racism.
For those not up on these things, law and economics is a legal framework that understands laws through the lens of efficiency: good laws bring about good consequences. For example, laws related to civil wrongs could be crafted with an eye toward what would work most productively moving forward, rather than thinking about background rights and values like fairness. This framework emerged around the mid-twentieth century out of work by neo-classical economists (many at the University of Chicago) and legal theorists like the influential Richard Posner, and has a wide range of contemporary applications.
"Positive law and economics" is about explaining and predicting laws, with the hypothesis that, other things being equal, laws that produce efficiency will be adopted. "Normative law and economics" says that such laws not only would be adopted but should be adopted -- so that existing laws can be improved by being made more efficient.
What "efficiency" means here can be complex; it can be the maximizing efficiency of utilitarianism, in which the thing to do is the thing that brings about the best consequences overall, but more typically it is "Pareto efficiency" that is used -- a set up is Pareto efficient when there is no way to one person better off without making another person worse off. (I wrote about various forms of efficiency here and here.)
You might be thinking that it's odd to have a legal framework based on efficient future consequences rather than justice and fairness. I do too, though we won't have time to get into that here. If you're interested I recommend this excellent book review.
One can apply the theoretical approach of law and economics in a wide range of ways: even when it comes to something like "efficiency" and the "good" in "good consequences," for instance, you might be trying to promote preference-satisfaction or well-being or you might be trying to create, you know, actual money.
This last bit brings us to 2): legal structures that appear to use policing to generate revenue. This book review by the always brilliant Moe Tkacik explains the idea in vivid detail: the sanctions for crimes are set up so the accused have to pay; the state then raises money while leaders claim not to raise taxes. Judges become like tax-collectors whose subjects are in no position to complain.
The theoretical connections can be a bit complex, but as I understand it, the reasoning goes something like: if the fine for driving without a license is X dollars and you drive without a license, you must have in some sense preferred to drive over losing X dollars; the state can set the fine in such a way that it reaps more from the fine than it lost from the crime being committed. In this way the crime is disincentivized but the interaction is kind of a win-win, and is efficient all around.
And thus to 3: I remember after Michael Brown was killed in Ferguson, I kept seeing references to the ways that the over-policing of the citizens there could be traced partly to policing as a way to raise revenue. This post gives a great overview and explains: "In its 2015 report on policing in Ferguson following the killing of Michael Brown, the Civil Rights Division of the United States Justice Department concluded: "Ferguson's law enforcement practices are shaped by the City's focus on revenue rather than by public safety needs. This emphasis on revenue has compromised the institutional character of Ferguson's police department, contributing to a pattern of unconstitutional policing, and has also shaped its municipal court, leading to procedures that raise due process concerns and inflict unnecessary harm on members of the Ferguson community."
And 4) now you add both individual and structural racism into the mix. Because of structural racism, Black people are much more likely to be poor and powerless than white people. The poorer and less powerful people are then over-policed and abused into becoming ATMs for the government's revenue needs. Among other things, modern algorithms for crime prediction and sentencing actually factor in past arrests so that the original injustice is perpetuated further. And, of course, individual racist police then have a framework for their abusive actions.
I don't know how all of these interrelate -- theoretical law and economics is complicated and I don't know how its theoretical development has impacted practices of policing-as-revenue. But I hope to have shown here why I see them as conceptually interconnected and mutually supporting.
Anyway, if you want to read something else on racialized impacts of framing laws in terms of future consequences instead of past actions, I cannot recommend enough this searing personal essay by classicist and political scientist Danielle Allen about her cousin Michael, who enters the criminal justice system as a result of minor crimes at age 15, gets derailed in life, and ends up dead -- murdered at a young age.
From a theoretical point of view, proponents of efficiency-based reasoning sometimes cast "justice" as a kind of artificial virtue, something to be explained away, something that reflects prejudices of an evolutionary past, where punishments were needed to keep people in line and bring about good consequences. The implication is that once we see this, we can go right to the consequences and skip the justice part altogether. I don't know all the ways that 1)-4) interrelate, but I'm sure the part about skipping justice altogether must be wrong.
Patricia Marino
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Enraged by Irritations: Human Nature Or Aristocrat...
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Manu Joseph, The Illicit Happiness of Other People. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Anchee Min, The Cooked Seed. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Seeing Lately (Jul 13)
Matteo Garrone, Reality. Click the image for my thoughts about this movie.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus
Meg Wolitzer, The Interestings
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Americanah.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Half of a Yellow Sun. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
John Kennedy Toole, A Confederacy of Dunces
Peter Hessler, Strange Stones
Marc Maron, Attempting Normal
David Sedaris, Let's Explore Diabetes With Owls
Sheila Heti, How Should a Person Be?
David Sedaris, Squirrel Meets Chipmunk
Jonathan Evison, The Revised Fundamentals of Caregiving. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Rereading Lately (March 13)
Sir Arthur Conan-Doyle, Collected Stories of Sherlock Holmes. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Sefi Atta, A Bit of Difference. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Francine Prose, My New American Life. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Rereading Lately (Jan 13)
Four books by David Sedaris - the classics
Three books of short stories by Jean Sheperd
What I've Been Readling Lately (Dec 12)
Maria Semple, Where'd You Go, Bernadette? Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Reading Lately (December 12)
Iris Bahr, Dork Whore. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Bruce McCall, Thin Ice. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Maruki Murakami, 1Q84. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Vladimir Nabokov, Pnin. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Randy Boyagoda, Governor of the Northern Province. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Reading Lately (Sept 12).
Lisa Genova, Left Neglected. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Jessica Grant, Come, Thou Tortoise. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Michael Goodwin and Dan Burr, Economix. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Josha Ferris, The Unnamed. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Kishwar Desai, Witness the Night. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Daniel Smith, Monkey Mind. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Dan Savage, The Commitment. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Jennifer Egan, The Invisible Circus. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Christos Tsiolkas, The Slap. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
David Carkeet, The Error of Our Ways. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Don DeLillo, Falling Man. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Ned Vizzini, It's Kind of a Funny Story. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Alison Bechdel, Are You My Mother? A Comic Drama. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Rereading Lately (May-June 12)
Anthony Trollope, The Palliser Series
Francis Desharnais, Burquette. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Tracy McMillan, I Love You And I'm Leaving You Anyway. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Reading Lately (March 12)
Alan Hollinghurst, The Stranger's Child. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Michel Houellebecq, The Map and the Territory. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I Have Been Reading Lately (Feb 12)
Roberto Saviano, Gomorrah. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Peter Hessler, River Town. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Peter Hessler, Oracle Bones. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Peter Hessler, Country Driving. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
What I've Been Reading Lately (January 12)
Paul Murray, An Evening of Long Goodbyes. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Paul Murray, Skippy Dies. Click the image for my thoughts about this book.
Bret Easton Ellis, Imperial Bedrooms
Tom Rachman, The Imperfectionists
Sam Lipsyte, The Ask
Pascal Girard, Conventum
Nicholson Baker, House of Holes
Gabrielle Bell, Lucky
What I've Been Reading Lately (August 11)
Philip Roth, The Humbling
Nicholson Baker, The Anthologist
Michael Lewis, The Big Short
Miriam Toews, Irma Voth
Abouet & Oubrerie, Aya de Yopougong Vol 4
Abouet & Singeon, Bienvenue
What I've Been Listening To Lately (April 11)
Virginia Woolf, The Voyage Out
What I've Been Reading Lately (April 11)
Anthony Trollope, Castle Richmond
John Mortimer, Paradise Postponed
Abouet & Oubrerie, Aya of Yop City, Vols 1, 2, and 3
What I've Been Listening To Lately (Mar 11)
Virginia Woolf, Orlando
What I've Been LIstening To Lately
Thomas Hardy, The Mayor of Casterbridge
Marina Lewycka, We Are All Made of Glue
Elisabeth Tova Bailey, The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating
What I've Been Listening To Lately (Feb 11)
D. H. Lawrence, The Rainbow
What I've Been Listening To Lately (Dec 10)
Honoré de Balzac, Cousin Bette
Abraham Verghese, Cutting for Stone
Manu Joseph, Serious Men
What I've Been Listening To Lately (Nov 10)
Flaubert, A Sentimental Education
J. R. Ackerly, My Dog Tulip
Chris Cleave, Little Bee
What I've Been Listening To Lately (Sept 10)
E. M. Forster, A Passage to India
Jennifer Egan, Look At Me
Colson Whitehead, Sag Harbor
Jennifer Egan, Visit From the Goon Squad
Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway
Colette, My Apprenticeships
Delaf-Dubuc, Les Nombrils #4, Duel des Belles
Delaf-Dubuc, Les Nomrils #3, Les Liens de l'Amitié
What I've Been (Re-) Reading Lately (July 10)
Lynda Barry, Cruddy
Delaf-Dubuc, Les Nombrils #2, Sale Temps Pour les Moches
Delaf-Dubuc, Les Nombrils #1, Pour Qui Tu Te Prends?
Alison Lurie, Foreign Affairs
Mary McCarthy, The Groves of Academe
Margaret Drabble, The Garrick Year
Mary McCarthy, A Charmed Life
Hanif Kureishi, Something to Tell You
Tarquin Hall, The Case of the Missing Servant
Philip Hensher, The Northern Clemency
Mariko Tamaki and Jillian Tamaki, Skim
Ted Rall, 2024
Ted Rall and Pablo Callejo, The Year of Loving Dangerously
What I've Been Listening To Lately (May 10)
Evelyn Waugh, The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold
Henry James, Spoils Of Poynton
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Lewis Carroll, Alice in Wonderland
David Sedaris, When You Are Engulfed in Flames
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Henry James, The Wings of the Dove
Zoe Heller, What Was She Thinking?
Zoe Heller, Everything You Know
Zoe Heller, The Believers
P. G. Wodehouse, Leave It to Psmith
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P. G. Wodehouse, Something Fresh
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P. G. Wodehouse, Full Moon
P. G. Wodehouse, Galahad at Blandings
Alaa Al Aswany, Chicago
What I've Been Listening to Lately (Jan 10)
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Sherman Alexie, Reservation Blues
Miriam Toews, Summer of My Amazing Luck
Miriam Toews, A Boy of Good Breeding
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Alison Bechdel, The Essential Dykes to Watch Out For
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Henry James, The Turn of the Screw
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Henry James, The Europeans
Miriam Toews, A Complicated Kindness
Lucy Montgomery, The Anne of Green Gables books
Sherman Alexie, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian
Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
Roald Dahl, Boy
Aravind Adiga, The White Tiger
Faïza Guène, Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow
Miriam Towes, The Flying Troutmans
Ellen Litman, The Last Chicken in America
Giusseppe di Lampedusa, The Leopard
Marina Lewicka, Strawberry Fields
Anthony Trollope, The Vicar of Bullhampton
Melissa Banks, The Girls' Guide to Hunting and Fishing
Melissa Banks, The Wonder Spot
Anthony Trollope, The Duke's Children
Anthony Trollope, The Prime Minister
Anthony Trollope, Phineas Redux
Anthony Trollope, Phineas Finn
Anthony Trollope, Can You Forgive Her?
Manil Suri, The Age of Shiva
Meg Wolitzer, The Ten Year Nap
Harper Lee, To Kill A Mockingbird
Nicole Krauss, Man Walks Into A Room
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Sophie Kinsella, Confessions of a Shopaholic
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Richard Russo, Bridge of Sighs
Scarlett Thomas, Popco
Roddy Doyle, I Love You, Beth Cooper
Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time Vol 6: Time Regained
Marcel Proust, In Search of Lost Time Vol. 5: The Captive and The Fugitive


Currently viewing: Sugarfina Candy Mickey Mouse Gloves Cube Gift Box, 2.25"
Sugarfina Candy Mickey Mouse Gloves Cube Gift Box, 2.25"
To celebrate 90 years of Mickey Magic, the world's favorite cartoon character deserves his very own birthday cake-flavored candy. These white glove candy treats are a tasty nod to the mouse's iconic accessory. The clear gift box with Mickey decal is the perfect Disney-inspired gift for birthdays, teacher gifts and birthday party favors.
Limited-edition Disney Mickey Mouse cake-flavored gummy candies in the shape of Mickey's gloves.
Ingredients: sugar, glucose syrup, dextrose, gelatin, citric acid, natural flavoring, sustainably-sourced palm oil, beeswax and carnauba wax.


Oorah Gaming is a product line of of our parent company ONeil Online. All of our hardware and software is owned by ONeil Online and maintained by ONeil Online technical staff. ONeilOnline top-tier data centers are located accross the United States and Europe to ensure the best response and ping times. Our network is fully redundant, load balanced, core network and backbone connectivity is unsurpassed in its efficiency and performance. This unique combination provides a superior network infrastructure with an unmatched quality of service.
Thousands of clients around the globe choose ONeilOnline for the superior reliability our world-class data centers provide, with unparalleled security, network availability, capacity, processing power and operations management. With your IT infrastructure safe in our data centers, you can focus on cutting operational costs and on managing your core business' success, not its servers.
All of ONeilOnline datacenters are manned 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
All of ONeilOnline datacenters are Tier IV SSAE 16 SOC 2 certified.
All of OneilOnline's hardware and software is owned and maintained by our technical staff. Our servers are built using only Supermirco motherboards and brand name hardware components. We do not introduce new hardware unless it has been rigorously tested and pushed to its limits by our quality assurance team. Only after this testing process does the hardware get approval and certified for use in a production environment. We want to make sure our customers get quality, reliable hardware to minimize downtime.
ONeilOnline maintains a highly scalable and redundant network with more than 1000+ Gigabit per second network capacity. Diverse paths from each of our datacenters provide for industry-leading quality fiber optic connectivity through such providers as Internap, Level3, Qwest, Abovenet, and Cogent.
Overall design to sustain one or more worst-case failures with no critical impact on services.
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Our Seattle & Los Angeles datacenters have the best peering for Asian networks.
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Collingwood Magpies forward Jamie Elliott set to miss AFL opener
Forward Jamie Elliott looks set to join star recruit Daniel Wells as Collingwood casualties for the start of the AFL season.
Elliott did not train on Friday, a session that was crucial to him pushing his claims for an unlikely selection for the round-one match in a week against the Western Bulldogs.
After missing all of last season with a back injury, he hurt an ankle last month.
Elliott has kicked 104 goals in 72 AFL matches and, when fit, he is an important part of the Magpies' attack.
Wells has struggled with calf-muscle issues and has not played any pre-season games after his high-profile move from North Melbourne.
The Magpies confirmed the obvious earlier this week when they said he would not play in round one.
But captain Scott Pendlebury and fellow onballer Jordan De Goey trained solidly on Friday.
Pendlebury was a late withdrawal from last weekend's pre-season win over Richmond.
He and Collingwood have been confident since that the star onballer will play against the Bulldogs, saying last weekend's withdrawal had been precautionary.
De Goey has come back from a thigh injury and Friday's session is a boost for his round-one selection claims.
Collingwood will go into the start of the season with a healthy list, but they are mindful the same applied a year ago.
Brownlow Medallist Dane Swan suffered a career-ending injury in the opening minutes of the season and it proved the start of a plague of bad luck with injuries for the Magpies.
They lost five of their opening seven matches and missed the finals for the third-straight season.
jamie elliott
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Ryan Johansen Signed Puck-Nashville Predators Official Puck
This hand-signed NHL hockey puck has personally signed by Ryan Johansen. To protect your investment, a Certificate Of Authenticity and a tamper evident holofoil from Slap Shot Signatures is included with your purchase.
Learn More about Ryan Johansen:
Ryan Johansen is an NHL hockey center currently playing for the Nashville Predators. Johansen was drafted into the NHL fourth overall by the Columbus Blue Jackets in 2010 after a very successful minor league season where he was the 7th leading goal scorer with 92 points in 63 games in the WHL.
Ryan Johansen made the Blue Jackets roster in 2011-2012 season. He made his NHL debut on October 7, 2011 and had recorded 2 goals and 2 assists after his ninth game securing his place on the team. 2013 was a break out year for Johansen, scoring 33 goals and 30 assists, making him the third player in Blue Jackets franchise history to score more than 30 goals in a season.
Ryan Johansen was traded to the Nashville Predators in early 2016, bringing to his new team offensive force alongside teammate James Neal. He helped lead his team to the NHL playoff where he scored 4 goals and 4 assists in 14 games played. Johansen has become a top line center for the Nashville Predators and his star is only getting brighter as the young Predators battle for the Stanley Cup Championship.
Complete your NHL memorabilia collection with a Ryan Johansen Signed Puck-Nashville Predators Official Puck!
Ryan Johansen Signed Puck-Nashville Predators Official Puck quantity
SKU: JOHR16805B Categories: Autographed Memorabilia, Hockey, Nashville Predators Tags: Nashville Predators, NHL Autographs, Ryan Johansen, Signed Puck
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Flyers LCB Line Photo 8X10 signed by Bobby Clarke, Reggie Leach and Bill Barber Goal
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Bobby Clarke Toothless Photo Philadelphia Flyers Signed 8×10 Photo
Ray Bourque Signed Photo Boston Bruins 8×10


Encompass Digital Media, one of the world's top digital media services providers and a leader in global satellite and terrestrial connectivity, has today launched its new US$7 million broadcast monitoring facility, the MEGAPOD - the first-of-its-kind multi-channel broadcast monitoring and playout facility with multi-channel and multi-format for linear and over-the-top (OTT) delivery capabilities. The MEGAPOD can handle up to 250 channels, from ingest to delivery across multiple screens.
"MEGAPOD is a one-of-its-kind facility in Asia which enables our customers to manage and monetise their media assets in a more efficient and error-free environment," said Deepakjit Singh, Managing Director, Encompass Digital Media Asia. "The innovative design and fully automated processes enable real-time monitoring and processing of the content for delivery across the globe on multiple screens."
The MEGAPOD offers broadcasters a ready infrastructure for expansion, allowing the launch of a new channel every two-and-a-half weeks, provides significant reduction time to any anomalies, and reduces book-to-build time to less than three weeks. The fully automated, end-to-end central monitoring system is built on the back of iControl - the world's most advanced, fully automated integrated monitoring and control system.
"Currently over 120 content channels are in the process of getting on-board with the MEGAPOD and we expect this number to multiply as more clients in the region tap into our offering. We believe the MEGAPOD, with its advanced technology and a pool of highly skilled staff, has the potential to become the media processing hub in Asia," said Deepakjit.
Together with Encompass Asia's existing facility, the MEGAPOD offers a variety of robust services with high redundancy, including playout, distribution, digital media manipulation, ad inserts, OTT services, as well as other creative, technical and global archival services. In addition, the facility also houses a post-production studio, giving clients the full end-to-end solution to create and deliver content on the go. To date, a number of tier 1 broadcasters operating across Asia have indicated plans to take advantage of the efficiencies that the MEGAPOD will generate.
"With Singapore's vision to become a global media hub for the creation, development, and distribution of original content, facilities like the MEGAPOD are complementary to the ecosystem that is being built to realise this goal," added Deepakjit.
Encompass, a leader in digital media services, owns and operates state-of-the-art broadcast facilities throughout the United States, Latin America, United Kingdom and Asia. The company's mission-critical media services provide broadcasters, cable networks, corporations and government entities with customized solutions for the management and distribution of content. With global access to large satellite and fiber footprints, Encompass has 24/7/365 Teleport facilities and technical personnel in Los Angeles; Atlanta; New York; Stamford, Conn.; Lino Lakes and Minneapolis, Minn.; Burbank, Calif.; Buenos Aires; London; and Singapore.
In Asia Pacific, Encompass transmits 126 channels and is a partner to the biggest names in media including AETN, BBC, CNBC, Discovery Networks, LiTV and MTV. Based in Singapore, Encompass Asia has the largest digital media facility in the region with 88,000 sq. ft. and 19 satellite uplinks. The Encompass is designed to offer a robust, redundant infrastructure for content distribution, digital media manipulation, and creative, technical and global archive services. In addition, the facility also houses a cutting-edge post-production studio giving its clients an end-to-end solution for creating and delivering content. For more information, please visit www.encompass.tv.


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Home » TV » 'Helstrom' Canceled at Hulu After One Season, Ending Jeph Loeb Era of Live-Action Marvel Television
'Helstrom' Canceled at Hulu After One Season, Ending Jeph Loeb Era of Live-Action Marvel Television
12/14/2020 Comments Off on 'Helstrom' Canceled at Hulu After One Season, Ending Jeph Loeb Era of Live-Action Marvel Television
Marvel series "Helstrom" has been canceled at Hulu after one season, Variety has learned.
The move to cancel the series was not a surprising one, as "Helstrom" was the last live-action show produced by the now defunct Marvel Television unit under Jeph Loeb. The writing may have also been on the wall due to the fact that marketing materials for "Helstrom" — including its trailer and key art — did not include the word "Marvel" despite being based on Marvel comic book characters.
The show's cancellation serves as a muted end to Loeb's live-action efforts at Marvel, which at one time included six shows on Netflix as well as "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D" on ABC, "Legion" on FX, "Cloak & Dagger" on Freeform, "The Gifted" on Fox, and "Runaways" on Hulu. All of those have either been canceled or wrapped up their runs in the past two years.
Loeb is not completely out of the Marvel picture as of yet, however. Two Marvel animated series — "M.O.D.O.K" and "Hit-Monkey" — on which Loeb is an executive producer are both still in the works at Hulu, though they were originally supposed to be part of a four-series Marvel crossover event that has since been scrapped.
"Helstrom" was originally ordered to series in May 2019 alongside a live-action "Ghost Rider" series starring Gabriel Luna, though that show was scrapped in September that same year.
"Helstrom" starred Tom Austen and Sydney Lemmon as Daimon and Ana Helstrom. As the son and daughter of a mysterious and powerful serial killer, the series centers on the pair and their complicated dynamic as they track down the worst of humanity — each with their own attitude and skills. The series also starred Elizabeth Marvel, Robert Wisdom, Ariana Guerra, June Carryl, and Alain Uy.
Paul Zbyszewski developed the show for television and served as showrunner. He also served as executive producer alongside Loeb, Daina Reid, Joe Quesada, and Karim Zreik. The show was a co-production between ABC Signature and Marvel Television.
Fans of live-action Marvel fare need not fret for long. Marvel Studios under Kevin Feige has a range of live-action shows in the works for streamer Disney Plus featuring characters from the MCU while also introducing new ones. First up is "WandaVision" on Jan. 15, with with "The Falcon and Winter Soldier" on deck for March 19. "Loki" will then follow in May. Others include "Hawkeye" starring Jeremy Renner and Hailee Steinfeld, "She-Hulk" starring Tatiana Maslany, "Ms. Marvel" starring newcomer Iman Vellani, and "Moon Knight" with Oscar Isacc in early talks to star. Variety exclusively reported in September that Samuel L. Jackson will return as Nick Fury in a series in development at Disney Plus. Feige confirmed at last week's Disney Investor day that show will be based on the "Secret Invasion" comics, along with a host of other projects. Those include "Armor Wars" starring Don Cheadle and "Ironheart" starring Dominique Thorne.
HelstromHuluJeph LoebMarvel
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Though often used as a synonym for black, "jet" refers to a type of semi-precious stone formed from coal derived from fossilized driftwood. The finest jet came from Whitby, on the northeast coast of England, and could be polished to a smooth, matte finish or faceted to sparkle like black diamonds. "Many imitations in glass or other inferior materials have been made," an 1884 travel guide declared. "But, on account of the beautifully soft, velvety polish and intense blackness of the Whitby jet, it is not likely to be superseded.... The best Whitby jet will wear for years."1 An inexpensive substitute, called "French jet," was actually made of glass. It was easily detected, however, because it was cool to the touch; real jet felt warm.
Because of its ink-black hue and matte finish, jet was often worn as a substitute for colored stones, diamonds, and reflective trimmings during mourning, an important social ritual in the Victorian period. The use of jet on mourning garments seems to date to just before the death of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband; the heartbroken queen popularized elaborate and prolonged mourning. Jet was used sparingly until the 1880s, when dresses were literally encrusted with jet beads, whether matte for mourning or faceted for fashion. The FIDM Museum has several jet-trimmed garments, including a reception gown by Charles Frederick Worth, a mantle by Emile Pingat, and the jacket above, which was probably a mourning garment. It is made of handmade floral-embroidered black net embellished with velvet ribbons and jet beads.
Jet jewelry enlivened drab, black mourning garments; in the later stages of mourning, it could be faceted for added visual interest. This necklace composed of a long rope of faceted jet beads with fringed triangular pendants at each end was worn draped over the wearer's neck, with the ends hanging down the front of her gown, below her knees.
With its vivid red hue, the velvet toque below could not be mistaken from mourning dress. But, by the 1880s, jet was at the height of its popularity as a high-fashion ornament. Four rows of large, faceted jet beads edge the front of the hat; a few beads have fallen off over the years.
A black mesh overlay is embroidered with fringed roundels of small faceted jet beads and straw-work knots. But the fashion for jet inevitably passed, and the decline of mourning rituals after World War I spelled the death of the Whitby jet industry.
1Thomas N. Bradley, Bradley's new guide to Whitby (Whitby: T. N. Bradley, 1884) 27-28.
This diadem was donated to the FIDM Museum along with its accompanying white satin case. Made for this piece, the case is stamped with the name of the jeweler who created it: Bolognese & Son, Bologna, Italy. Though some hairwork was created by amateur practitioners, the more sophisticated pieces were typically created by jewelers who offered hairwork as part of a larger array of adornments. Even if we didn't have the case, the quality of the workmanship and the precious embellishment of this diadem would suggest that it was the work of a skilled jeweler.
For jewelers, hairwork was a logical, and lucrative, extension of their main business. Hair, the primary component, could be purchased relatively cheaply in major US cities or from European capitals. Once a stock of hair was acquired, inexpensive metals were used as dimensional foundations for intricate adornments. The diadem pictured here features a criss-cross pattern of woven hair carefully stretched over a wire frame. Embellishment of gold or semi-precious stones added additional expense, but this cost was within the means of well-to-do customers.
For those brave souls who wanted to try their hand at creating their own hairwork remembrance, instructional manuals provided diagrams, charts, and detailed directions. The nineteenth-century manual below also offers a catalog of metal frames for creating earrings, bracelets, and other hairwork jewelry. It even includes tips on creating false hairpieces!
1 Bruce-Mitford, Miranda. The Illustrated Book of Signs & Symbols (New York: DK Publishing, 1996) 38.
Can you imagine a world without plastic? Overwhelmingly ubiquitous today, plastic has been in existence for less than 200 years. Prior to the last quarter of the 19th century, when plastic products became commercially available, everything was made from organic materials. Developed in the 1860s, early plastics generally replicated organic materials like tortoiseshell, ivory, wood or coral. Used to make children's toys, combs, cutlery, billiard balls, and many other functional and/or decorative objects, plastics were soon absorbed into the fabric of everyday life.
"As the hair is the only part of our beloved friends which can be kept in memoriam, it is natural that we should desire to preserve the treasure in some manner that will testify our appreciation of its value..." -Ladies' Fancy Work, 1876.
Locks of hair have long served as sentimental and tangible reminders of deceased or far-away friends and close relations. Among family, friends and romantic partners, exchanging a lock of hair was a sign of mutual esteem and deep affection. Upon the death of a loved one, locks of hair were often cut and kept as a way to both honor and remember the dead. As suggested by the opening quote, hair degrades very slowly if carefully stored. Thus, hair was both an intimately personal souvenir of a specific person and an (almost) everlasting memento. Objects made of human hair also served as memento mori, or reminders of the transiency of human life, for those who wore or owned them.
In its most basic form, a hairwork memento consisted of a snippet of hair enclosed inside a locket or ring. In these instances, the hair was simply stored inside an item of jewelry. There are also examples of hair used as a medium for creating two-dimensional pictorial and abstract images, such as this late 19th century panel featuring both hairwork patterns and an image of the deceased. The most fascinating examples of hairwork consist of elaborate jewelry made almost entirely out of human hair. This type of hairwork jewelry enjoyed peak popularity from the 1850s through the 1880s, dying out almost entirely by the early years of the twentieth-century.


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US 2020 Election Investment Pulse: Monitoring Biotech's Race for a Vaccine
After early analysis of a COVID-19 vaccine from two US and German drug makers showed promising results, Evan McCulloch and Wendy Lam are optimistic a vaccine could be available for use in the United States under certain circumstances as early as the end of this year. However, they explain why they see manufacturing and distribution challenges that threaten both broader vaccine adoption and the global economy.
Evan McCullochPortfolio Manager, Director of Equity Research, Franklin Equity Group®
Wendy Lam, Ph.D.Portfolio Manager and Research Analyst, Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
Stephen H. Dover, CFAHead of Equities, Franklin Templeton
A Bit of Background
As of November, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread across the globe. Even though we now have drugs to manage patients more effectively, and social distancing and face masks have proven to be useful measures for curbing infection rates, these measures alone will not be sufficient to end the pandemic. Instead, we believe an effective and safe vaccine is the best solution to prevent infections and help the global population achieve herd immunity in the safest way possible.
Not surprisingly, given the importance of a COVID-19 vaccine, many biopharma companies around the world have mobilized to join the effort. According to the World Health Organization, there are currently more than 200 vaccine candidates in development, including 47 candidate vaccines currently in clinical
evaluation.1
A Look at Early Vaccine Candidate Results
Several vaccine candidates are now in late-stage clinical development, with Phase 3 efficacy and safety data expected in the coming months. Earlier this week, US drug maker Pfizer and German drug maker BioNTech announced initial efficacy and safety results for their mRNA-based vaccine candidate BNT162b2. As of the first interim analysis, the vaccine was found to be more than 90% effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. In our view, these initial results look very promising—a >90% protection rate is very robust for any vaccine and is well above the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) efficacy bar of 50%. Furthermore, there were no serious safety concerns reported as of the interim analysis. As the study continues, these efficacy and safety results could change over time, but we believe these interim results are suggestive of a highly effective vaccine with an acceptable safety profile.
Assuming the ongoing safety analysis remains favorable, Pfizer plans to file for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) with the FDA by the third week of November. If approved, that EUA would allow certain groups, such as frontline workers and high-risk populations, to receive the non-FDA approved COVID-19 vaccine as early as December 2020. Full FDA approval, which is necessary for broad distribution of the vaccine, would likely follow in early- or mid-2021. Overall, Pfizer/BioNTech's remarkable progress represents a major step forward in the battle against COVID-19.
Analyzing COVID-19 Vaccine Approaches
So what does Pfizer/BioNTech's early COVID-19 vaccine results mean for other vaccines in development? In our view, it can be difficult to make an apples-to-apples comparison between the vaccines, especially since these vaccines are based on a variety of platforms that work in different ways, as the chart below shows.
The Pfizer/BioNTech results provided two key learnings to the rest of the vaccine field: 1) the results validate the mRNA approach, as this was the first mRNA-based vaccine shown to be protective, and 2) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is effective. The latter is especially important, as most of the vaccines in development also target the spike protein. For this reason, we are optimistic that the other vaccines in development, including other mRNA-based and protein-based vaccines, will demonstrate efficacy in the same range as Pfizer/BioNTech's vaccine. From our standpoint, the more vaccines we have, the better, as it would increase the supply of doses available. In addition, these vaccines could have slightly different efficacy/safety profiles, especially across various subpopulations. For example, many vaccines work less well in the elderly, and for this reason different formulations are sometimes necessary for this subpopulation. For all of these reasons, having multiple vaccines available would be highly beneficial.
The Roadmap for Returning to Normal
Assuming we have at least one safe and effective vaccine, the natural question is: how do we vaccinate the global population? In our view, certain steps should be taken now to deal with the manufacturing and distribution challenges ahead.
Although a COVID-19 vaccine has yet to be approved by the FDA, we see the need for investment to scale up manufacturing now to minimize bottleneck issues and ensure that we can meet the domestic and global demand for a vaccine. We see potential supply chain challenges in making, transporting and administering these doses, considering there is already a shortage of medical glass vials and syringes. For some of these vaccines, cold-chain storage is necessary for storage and transportation, which could be an issue in developing countries.
We strongly believe global coordination is necessary to ensure broad access to a COVID-19 vaccine. Depending on how many of the current vaccine candidates end up succeeding, supply will be limited for at least a year, if not longer. Certain developed countries have already secured contracts with vaccine developers to purchase most of the doses expected to be in production over the next year. Unless manufacturing capacity can somehow be expanded next year, other countries will have to wait for a vaccine, and the pandemic will likely persist in developing countries.
Although countries will likely turn inward and focus on their own citizens first, we must remember that this is a global public health crisis that will turn into a long-lasting global economic crisis if we do not work on a coordinated response.
All investments involve risk, including possible loss of principal. Stock prices fluctuate, sometimes rapidly and dramatically, due to factors affecting individual companies, particular industries or sectors, or general market conditions. Investments in fast-growing industries, including the technology and health care sectors (which have historically been volatile) could result in increased price fluctuation, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development and changes in government regulation of companies emphasizing scientific or technological advancement or regulatory approval for new drugs and medical instruments. Biotechnology companies often are small and/or relatively new. Smaller companies can be particularly sensitive to changes in economic conditions and have less certain growth prospects than larger, more established companies and can be volatile, especially over the short term.
Source: World Health Organization, November 3, 2020.
Data from third party sources may have been used in the preparation of this material and Franklin Templeton ("FT") has not independently verified, validated or audited such data. FT accepts no liability whatsoever for any loss arising from use of this information and reliance upon the comments opinions and analyses in the material is at the sole discretion of the user.


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Der Raddampfer Franz Josef wurde 1855 in der Schiffswerft Karolinenthal in Prag von der Prager Maschinenbau AG vormals Ruston & Co. gebaut.
Namensgeber war Franz Joseph I., Kaiser von Österreich.

Die Zeit bis 1880
Nach der Überführung des Schiffes durch Joseph John Ruston nach Dresden wurde es hier als Glattdeckdampfer in Dienst gestellt und fuhr für die Vereinigte Sächsisch-Böhmische Dampfschiffahrt, die im März 1867 in die Sächsisch-Böhmische Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft (SBDG) umgewandelt wurde. Im Jahr 1858 kam es zum Bruch der Mittelwelle. Die neue Mittelwelle wurde von der Sächsischen Gußstahlanstalt Döhlen geliefert, war 110 Jahre im Einsatz und ist museal erhalten. Das eiserne Schiff hatte einen hölzernen Schiffsboden. Dieser wurde, wie auch das Deck, im Winter 1867/68 erneuert.

Um es dem Zugriff des Königreiches Preußen zu entziehen, wurde das Schiff im Preußisch-Österreichischen Krieg im Mai 1866 nach Theresienstadt verlegt.

Im Jahr 1867 war das Schiff nicht in Fahrt. Es wurde in Reserve gehalten.

Im Herbst 1880 wurde das Schiff außer Dienst gestellt und in der Blasewitzer Werft abgewrackt.

Die Dampfmaschine
Die Maschine war eine oszillierende Niederdruck-Zweizylinder-Zwillings-Dampfmaschine mit Einspritzkondensation mit einer Leistung von 110 PS. Gebaut wurde sie von der Moabiter Maschinenbauanstalt. Der Drei-Flammrohr-Kofferkessel stammt von der Schiffs- und Maschinenbauanstalt Ruston & Co. Nach dem Abwracken des Schiffes erhielt die 1880 gebaute Kaiser Franz Josef den Kessel und die Maschine.

Kapitäne des Schiffes
 Wilhelm Gaube 1856–1857
 W. Döppe 1858–1865
 August Hermann Froede 1866
 Carl Gottlieb Gretzschel 1867
 Wenzel Franz Hora 1868–1872
 Ignaz Hora 1873–1879
 Carl August Helm 1880

Literatur
 Hans Rindt: Die "Weisse Flotte" Dresden. Aus der Geschichte der Oberelbe-Fahrgastschiffahrt. Deutsches Schiffahrtsarchiv 3, 1980, S. 69–114, insbesondere S. 80, 90 (online als PDF; 5,1 MB).
 Adreß und Geschäftshandbuch der Königlichen Haupt- und Residenzstadt Dresden 1855 bis 1880

Weblinks
 Personendampfer Franz Josef Dampfmaschine
 Liste der Schaufelraddampfer der Sächsisch-Böhmischen Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft

Passagierschiff (Deutschland)
Dampfmaschinenschiff
Radschiff
Schiff (Sächsische Dampfschiffahrt)
Schiffswerft Laubegast
Franz Joseph I. als Namensgeber
Binnenschiff (Deutschland)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The lighting wasn't the best when I took this picture, but you get the general idea. Sarah Tobias from Blackbird Designs was stitched on 32 ct. cream belfast with hand-dyed fibers (color is "Haystacks").
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This popular program is designed to be a special time for preschoolers ages 2-4 and their parent, grandparent or caregiver. For this reason, please no siblings under the age of two or older than four with the exception of babies that will be content in a carrier for the duration (no charge for baby). We do like to get the children outside for a portion of the class so be sure to dress appropriately.
Flying Foxes - We're batty about bats and it's about time we batted down the hatches and celebrated them! We will be making our own flying bats to take home and enjoying a fruit bat's lunch!
Register for the four classes you want, but before paying online, email or call us so we can adjust the fee for you!


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2021 Culminating Projects
Teen Transmitters at The Paley Center for Media is a 100-hour summer internship for rising 11th and 12th grade students who attend New York City public high schools.
We are so proud to present the culminating project of our cohort—a podcast series consisting of 12 different episodes, each one written, produced, and edited by a member of the cohort. We gave the cohort a question at the beginning of the program to help guide their brainstorming process: "What's next?" All of their projects explore this question, some literally, some figuratively, but all personally. We hope you enjoy them as much as we do!
Teen Transmitters is made possible by support from the Pinkerton Foundation, Con Edison, and the National Endowment for the Arts.
From left: Caroline Quigley (Staff), Ellington Fagan, Marian Caballo, Ivy Liu, Miles Cuffie Archer, Elkin Mantilla, Brian Tang, Ramisha Parvez, Malakhi Boyce, Aliza Sayed, Oscar Darmawan, Samama Moontaha, Karielle Jarrett, Ankita Das, Kassidy De Nobrega, Rebekah Fisk (Staff)
*Photo credit: Kassidy De Nobrega, Teen Transmitters 2021 Intern
Support for Teen Transmitters is provided by the Pinkerton Foundation, Con Edison, and the National Endowment for the Arts.
Teen Transmitters 2021 Podcast Series
Aliza Sayed
Junior at The Beacon School
Page vs. Picture - Which Is Better?
It's an age-old debate: which is better, books or movies? In this podcast, I decided to investigate these two different types of storytelling. Along with opinions of the general public, I also offered my own personal opinions and experiences, such as my thoughts on the Harry Potter and Percy Jackson films. To conclude, I sat down with world-renowned jewelry designer and aspiring author Victoria Wieck in order to gain insight on the process of storytelling itself, and how it differs for different storytelling forms, in order to answer the question: can there truly be a proper comparison between books and movies?
Ankita Das
Senior at The Baccalaureate School for Global Education
Misogyny in Hindu Rituals and Customs
My podcast is about Hindu rituals/customs that are misogynistic. I talk about kanyadaan, haldi ceremony, widowhood in India, as well the overall concept of marriage. In addition to that, I talk about media representations which also showcase the misogyny in Indian films. Specifically, I talk about the movies Padmavaat and Bulbul which are both Bollywood films. I really hope you enjoy my podcast!
SoundCloud - Hear the world's sounds
Junior at the High School for Environmental Studies
Resetting Your Mind
Have you ever felt that you were on your phone or computer too much? Have you ever felt too consumed by the media around you? You're not the only one. This podcast will explore an approach to help with these kinds of feelings, that may be simpler than you think.
Elkin Mantilla
Senior at Brooklyn Latin
Elkin vs. Technology
Technology has revolutionized our lives and the ways that we interact with the world around us. From being able to communicate with people from the other side of the world, to saving lives through its use in medicine and law enforcement. We created technology, but that does not mean we control it. In this podcast I will be exploring the effects that not using technology for a week has on a person. It may sound entitled and kind of dumb, until you truly realize just how much we have grown to depend on screens as a society.
Ivy Liu
Senior at Queens School of Inquiry
The Bizarre World of Dreams
Ever wondered about why you forget your dreams when you wake up? Have you ever had a weird dream that made you question its meaning? In this podcast, Ivy explores the science behind why and how we dream, the meanings of dreams, and possible ways we can capture them through interesting conversations with her friends about their experiences.
Karielle Jarrett
Senior at Scholars Academy
Describe Yourself as a Color
I went to an outdoor barbeque and asked friends the question, "What color would you use to describe yourself?" I was given many different interpretations on the question and everyone was excited to participate. It sparked conversation in a really unique way. I hope you enjoy it.
Kassidy De Nobrega
Senior at Townsend Harris High School
In this podcast, a teenager with a born-too-late complex explores the appeal of classic TV shows (1950s-'90s) through the lens of today's generation. I discuss the 20th century standard for entertainment, the impact of streaming services, what the trend of nostalgia means for the future of television and cinema, classic TV favorites, and more. Featuring three other teens who share their own experiences with older media, have a listen to get transported back to the past and possibly the future!
Malakhi Boyce
The idea concerning the future of virtual reality has always plagued my mind, since there have been so many different movies and books based off of the concept. I have always imagined what it would be like for technology to have advanced so much, that it is integrated within our daily life, through a cognitive level. This level could be going to parties online, even using virtual currencies and trading equipment in order to purchase items. Obviously living within the virtual life, you wouldn't be able to sustain yourself with food or financially, so there would still be a conflict concerning how much of our life is virtual, since we can't eat virtual food! In my opinion this is very interesting, since it brings about the question, how can we progress virtually when we have basic necessities that must be taken care of physically.
Marian Caballo
Senior at Bronx High School of Science
Can we engineer the climate? On August 9, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (the IPCC) released their sixth report: "a code red for humanity" that paints a stark picture of earth if we continue on a path of inaction. As conditions worsen and extreme weather occurrences continue to make headlines, more people have been seriously considering geoengineering as an unwanted, (but possibly necessary), approach to combat the climate crisis. This podcast examines geoengineering—"hacking" the planet to our will—and its potential as a solution to climate change. Featured: Dr. Kevin Reed, head of the Climate Extremes Modeling group at Stonybrook University.
Miles Cuffie Archer
Senior at Talent Unlimited
The Future Fiction
The future fiction podcast is where fiction becomes our future. We talk about speculative fiction and explore the ways in which it shapes technology and our future. When it comes to humans and creativity the edition of technology makes anything possible. Through discussing all forms of media we discover ways in which fiction becomes reality.
Oscar Darmawan
Junior at Aviation High School
The Stock Market on Your Feet
Reselling has grown in popularity over time, whether that be in sneakers, cards, etc. Prices can mark up by 200% in some cases for certain sought after items. What started as a hobby for many has turned into a full time job for some. This podcast gives some context to the origins of sneaker culture, and some of my thoughts on the future of reselling.
Ramisha Parvez
Why Don't I Look Like Her? How Social Media Affects the Way We View Ourselves
Filled with personal anecdotes, Ramisha's podcast takes a deep dive into social media culture as well as how it has affected both peers and her upbringing. Please note that listener discretion is advised as this podcast discusses sensitive topics such as body issues and eating disorders.
Teen Transmitters 2021 "Lead Interns" Short Film
This year we were lucky enough to have two returning interns from last year's cohort, Ellington Fagan and Samama Moontaha, to act as "Lead Interns." They were given the freedom to design their own project and they decided to make a short film. We were so impressed with their vision, focus, and creativity. Here is how they describe their film, In the City -
When you think of New York, you imagine constant hustle, lights, and chaos. As much as that may be the case, it's just as likely for a true New Yorker to be living the quiet, on-the-low lifestyle. Regardless, all of us are tied together by the nature of the city.
Teen Transmitters 2021 "What We're Watching" Takeover
September 13, 2021 Movies
September 7, 2021 FoodTok
August 31, 2021 Video Games
August 24, 2021 The Golden Era of Cartoons
August 17, 2021 The Evolution of Media Consumption
August 10, 2021 TikTok
August 3, 2021 Reboots
More Teen Transmitters content from our previous cohorts!


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Format: CDs CD/DVD Digital Download
Personal Development (132)
Dr. Arnd Stein (12)
Bernie S. Siegel (1)
Bill Hybels, Haddon Robinson, Luis Palau, D. James Kennedy, Stuart Briscoe, Os Guinness, Ravi Zacharias, narrated by Dick Staub (1)
Brian Tracy, Jay Abraham, The Sandler Sales Institute and Earl Nightingale (1)
Bruce Lewolt and Tony Alessandra (1)
Charles Faulkner; Gerry Schmidt, Ph.D.; Dr. Robert McDonald; Tim Hallbom, M.S.W.; Suzi Smith, M.D.; Kelly Gerling, Ph.D. (1)
Dan Millman (1)
Earl Nightingale (13)
Edward (Ned) Hallowell, M.D. (1)
Elaine St. James (1)
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Guy Finley (2)
Howard Stephan Berg (2)
Jack Zufelt (1)
James M. Kouzes (1)
James Waldroop, Ph.D (1)
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Jim Harrick with John Wooden (1)
Joe Caruso (1)
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Jonathan Niednagel (1)
Kelvin Boston (1)
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Robert B. Stone, Laura Silva and Kain Samiya (1)
Robert Jordan (1)
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Steven Pressfield (1)
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Vic Conant (1)
Dr. Wayne W. Dyer (11)
Michael Wickett, Ed Bernd Jr., Jose Luis Romero and JoNell Monaco Lytle (1)
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Michael LeBoeuf, Ph.D. "Fortune 500" corporations, small businesses and professional practices'companies of all sizes turn to Michael LeBoeuf for advice. He is an internationally published business author, consultant, and professional speaker and seminar leader. In addition to these roles, Michael LeBoeuf is Professor Emeritus of management at the University of New Orleans where he taught for twenty years.
You may also be familiar with Dr. LeBoeuf as a frequent guest on radio and television talk shows throughout the U.S.A. His latest book is Fast Forward: How to Win a Lot More Business in a Lot Less Time. Other books by Dr. LeBoeuf include The Productivity Challenge and Getting Results! The Secret to Motivating Yourself and Others (formerly titled The Greatest Management Principle in the World)'a dual main selection for the Fortune Book Club, and serialized in Success magazine. Nightingale-Conant audio programs by LeBoeuf include: Working Smarter: How to Get More Done in Less Time and Getting Results!
Beat The Time/Money Trap
by Michael LeBoeuf
10 Choices for Financial Freedom
Create the wealth you want and the time to enjoy it! It's the universal challenge of modern don't have the time to really enjoy it. If you have plenty of time, you're hurting for money. And most people could use a lot more of both. Learn More


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LIPO Park Schaffhausen – stadion piłkarski w Szafuzie, w Szwajcarii. Budowa obiektu rozpoczęła się 28 sierpnia 2015 roku, a otwarcie miało miejsce 25 lutego 2017 roku. Stadion może pomieścić 8200 widzów. Swoje spotkania rozgrywają na nim piłkarze drużyny FC Schaffhausen, którzy przed otwarciem nowej areny występowali na stadionie Breite.

Przypisy

Szafuza
Stadiony piłkarskie w Szwajcarii