The recent Garda event has triggered some heated discussion among people in Ireland.
The Dublin Central joint policing committee's chairperson called banning MCD holding "dance music or similar events" until they can provide full account and response on the Garda Commissioner's Report for the Swedish House Mafia gig.
The Garda report emphasized several reasons for the incident that happened during the most recent outdoor event (a concert – to be specific) at the Phoenix Park in Dublin.
The incident has triggered an enormous reaction which led to the banning of similar outdoor events. So, what happened? The recent outdoor concert by Swedish House Mafia held at the Phoenix Park resulted to nine stabbed people. The Garda commissioner therefore issued a report saying that the venue as very unsuitable for large-scale music gigs.
Cllr Mary Fitzpatrick (FF) called the MCD concert promoters to attend the policing committee meeting next time. The MCD people needed to provide full report on the incident that happened. If you're an audience of such event or just someone at home watching the news, would this knowledge that even an innocent concert like that would result to potentially fatal stabbing affect your decision in attending such events?
This was the primary reason why a poll was placed to hear the opinion of the general public. Apparently, the failure of the event control center to provide full security or protection has been one of the several issues leading to the public disorder during the said event. The report said that the MCD was not fit for purpose – meaning the large scale event.
On the other hand, the managing director of MCD – Denis Desmond – stated that the Garda report was unbalanced, in other words "unfair." He furthermore stated that they had not received any notice stating the publishing of the cover letter and summary of report. Garda has called for a full account to be published but MCD remained silent or chose not to comment on this issue.
Cllr Fitzpatrick has strongly called on the junior minister Brian Hayes – who has the authority for the OPW or the Office of Public Works. She made a post on her blog stating that the MCD should not be permitted to hold any events similar to what just occurred until they can give full report detailing the response on the points raised for the Garda report. Furthermore, Fitzpatrick confirmed that the MCD was notified and openly invited two weeks prior to attend the Dublin Central joint committee meeting. During her interview, she said that OPW promised to attend but further stated that she is still waiting for some response on the part of the MCD.
With all these ensuing controversies about the open concert event especially in the light of discussing suitability of music and venues, the question still remained – will the Irish people still attend such events despite what happened recently or will it affect the attendance of people who will watch?
The answers to these questions is based only to your perception and your unbiased opinion.


text:
Leslie Deniz (Leslie Jean Deniz; * 25. Mai 1962 in Oakland) ist eine ehemalige US-amerikanische Diskuswerferin.

Deniz siegte 1980 bei den Panamerikanischen Juniorenmeisterschaften. 1981 und 1983 gewann sie die US-amerikanischen Meisterschaften und wurde zudem als Studentin der Arizona State University NCAA-Meisterin 1983.

Ihren bedeutendsten Erfolg feierte Deniz bei den Olympischen Spielen 1984 in Los Angeles. Dort gewann sie mit einer Weite von 64,86 m die Silbermedaille hinter der Niederländerin Ria Stalman (65,36 m) und vor der Rumänin Florența Crăciunescu. Allerdings fehlten wegen des Olympiaboykotts auch zahlreiche stärker eingeschätzte Athletinnen des Ostblocks bei den Wettbewerben.

Nach ihrer sportlichen Karriere trat sie in den Polizeidienst ein und leitete unter anderem die Dienststelle an der California State University. Derzeit lehrt sie am Woodland Community College.

Leslie Deniz ist 1,70 m groß und wog in ihrer aktiven Zeit 86 kg.

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Diskuswerfer (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
US-amerikanischer Meister (Leichtathletik)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1984
Geboren 1962
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Derivative of Heaviside step Function Is this mathematically correct for a basic proof that the derivative of the Heaviside function is equal to the delta function? I don't know much about distributions so I kept everything integrated.
$$H(x) = \begin{cases}0 & x < 0\\\frac{1}{2} & x = 0\\1 & x>0\end{cases}$$
$$\delta (x) = \begin{cases}\infty & x = 0\\0 & x\neq 0\end{cases}$$
$$\forall a > 0$$
$$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\delta (x) \;dx = \int_{-\infty}^{a}\delta (x) \;dx = 1$$
$$\frac{d}{da}\int_{-\infty}^{a}H(x)\;dx = \frac{d}{da}\int_{0}^aH(x)\;dx = \frac{d}{da}\int_{0}^adx = 1$$
$$\therefore\frac{d}{da}\int_{-\infty}^{a}H(x)\;dx = \int_{-\infty}^{a}\delta (x) \;dx $$

A: A distribution is a linear functional on a space of "nice" functions, e.g. $C_c^\infty$, infinitely differentiable functions with compact support. The application of a distribution $u$ on a nice function $\phi$ is often written $\langle u, \phi \rangle$.
The derivative of a distribution is defined by $\langle u', \phi \rangle := - \langle u, \phi' \rangle$. This formula is motivated by integration by parts, $\int f'(x) \, \phi(x) \, dx = - \int f(x) \, \phi'(x) \, dx$ when $\phi(x) = 0$ for big $|x|$.
These definitions give, for any smooth $\phi$ which vanishes at infinity,
$$
\langle H', \phi \rangle
= - \langle H, \phi' \rangle
= - \int H(x) \, \phi'(x) \, dx
= - \int_0^\infty \phi'(x) \, dx \\
= - \left( \phi(\infty) - \phi(0) \right)
= \phi(0)
= \langle \delta, \phi \rangle
.$$
Since this is valid for all nice $\phi$ we have $H' = \delta$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Healthwatch Torbay takes local views to heart of Westminster
Representatives from local consumer champion for health & social care Healthwatch Torbay have travelled to London to raise the real life concerns of people using health and social care services at the Houses of Parliament, Westminster.
Healthwatch Torbay joined forces with more than 70 attendees from fellow local Healthwatch organisations across the nation at a special event on 27 October, attended by more than 30 parliamentarians, as well as key decision makers from across health and social care.
Healthwatch Torbay CEO Pat Harris; Dr Sarah Wollaston, MP for Totnes; and Dr Kevin Dixon, Healthwatch Torbay Chair at the parliamentary reception in Westminster.
The event provided an opportunity for Healthwatch Torbay to speak with both Torbay MP Kevin Foster and Totnes MP Dr Sarah Wollaston about the work they have been doing to shape local services on behalf of Torbay residents, including:
Engaging with the community at events including town centre consultation caravans, adult safeguarding week and a dedicated mental health awareness event attended by over 900 people.
Consulting with the public on various local issues including the Torbay Hospital re-design project, the Commissioning Strategy and the Urgent Care Strategy.
Encouraging hard-to-reach groups such as young people and carers to highlight the problems they face, whilst also providing an opportunity for vulnerable people such as the homeless population to tell their story about being unsafely discharged from hospital.
Public feedback helping to produce reports, recommendations and publications into areas such as Dementia in Care Homes, the Cost of Wasted Medication, Unsafe Hospital Discharge, Torbay Carers Services, GP Appointment Systems, the Health and Wellbeing of young people, and Community-based health-related services.
Sharing local views at a national conference on eye care and instigating a national debate in the House of Lords after escalating a local transgender issue.
Being shortlisted for three Healthwatch Network Awards, and winning a 'Best Apprenticeship Employer' runner up award at the South Devon Business Excellence Awards and a national patient experience finalist award for their innovative online rate & review system.
Healthwatch Torbay Chair Dr Kevin Dixon commented:
"It was a great opportunity to attend Parliament and be involved in Healthwatch England's annual report launch. It was a real pleasure highlighting our hard work locally to parliamentarians, especially our own MPs Kevin Foster and Dr Sarah Wollaston. The efforts of our small, dedicated team of staff and volunteers at helping to influence the way health and social care services are delivered in Torbay were praised by all we met, particularly by Healthwatch England.
It was also a pleasure to fly the flag for Torbay and be seen as an exemplar of good working practice amongst both our Healthwatch peers and the key health and social care decision-makers and VIPs present at the reception. I am proud to see that our work in Torbay is raising very impressed eyebrows nationally."
Member of Parliament for Torbay Kevin Foster said:
"Healthwatch Torbay plays a vital role as the champion of patients in Torbay, giving residents the chance to air their views and concerns about, but also to praise, the NHS services we receive. I regularly talk with Healthwatch Torbay, but it was good to be able to welcome Kevin and Pat to Westminster to discuss the work their team is doing to help influence the future of health services in the bay."
Healthwatch Torbay CEO Pat Harris; Kevin Foster, MP for Torbay; and Dr Kevin Dixon, Healthwatch Torbay Chair at the parliamentary reception in Westminster
The reception was hosted by national body Healthwatch England to mark the launch of its third annual report, "People as Partners" and highlight the work of the Healthwatch network nationwide.
To read more about what Healthwatch England and the rest of the network have achieved over the last year go to http://www.healthwatch.co.uk/annual-report.
For more information on Healthwatch Torbay or to rate and review a local service, please visit www.healthwatchtorbay.org.uk.
"Being a Healthwatch Torbay Champion has never been more important"
We are going through a period of major change in our health and social care services and it is vital that people have an opportunity to have their say. Getting your voice heard is not always easy. …
Torbay MP, Kevin Foster, votes against measures to stop UK crashing out of EU with no deal
On a day of heated and prolonged debate in parliament on Tuesday, a number of key Brexit withdrawal bill amendments, granted for debate by speaker John Bercow, were voted on by MP's. MP's had a sho…
Healthwatch Passes the Thousand review mark
Local consumer champion Healthwatch Torbay have surpassed the thousand review mark on their online rate and review tool for Torbay's health and social care services. The independent charity - set u…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If truth is not acceptable, it becomes the imagination of others.
Life is full of alternatives but no choice.
To understand the stars would spoil their appearance.
She would have liked to sit upon a rock and listen to words, not of any man, but detached, mysterious, poetic words that she alone would interpret through some sense inherited from sleep.
Human relationships are vast as deserts: they demand all daring, she seemed to suggest.


Subordinated to the Education Department of Fujian Province, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College is a public vocational college, whose foundation was approved by Fujian Provincial Government. Xiamen Ocean Vocational College possesses a history of nearly 100 years, as it was developed from Jimei Marine School, the earliest school in China to nurture people with ocean technology, which was founded by Mr. Tan Kah Kee, a well-known patriotic overseas Chinese leader in 1920.
Xiamen Ocean Vocational College is located in Xiamen Special Economic Zone, a city renowned as "Garden on the Sea". The college now has two campuses: Siming campus and Xiang'an campus, whose planed construction areas cover more than 1000 mu. With 8 departments and sections consisting of 36 majors, the college has more than ten thousand students in present. Every year, the college contributes over 20 thousand person-times external training to the society. In its nearly a century's history, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College has made great contributions to both ocean industry's development of Fujian Province and China's Maritime Power Strategy.
Xiamen Ocean Vocational College has been awarded as College Features National Defense by Ministry of National Defense of the People's Republic of China and Civilized College of Fujian Province successively. The college was also evaluated as Model Vocational College of Fujian Province and Model Vocational College in Modern times of Fujian Province (A Level). In April, 2000, President Xi Jinping, who was the governor of Fujian Province then, sent an inscription to Xiamen Ocean Vocational College to celebrate its 80th anniversary. In the inscription, he wrote: "Just as spring rains nourish fruits, so teachers nurture students", which expressed his high expectation of the college's development.


Turkey Broth, Tuna, Turkey, Turkey Liver, Egg Whites, Potato Starch, Carrots, Pea Fiber, Sweet Potatoes, Squash, Zucchini, Natural Flavor, Calcium Carbonate, Guar Gum, Sodium Phosphate, Cranberries, Blueberries, Flaxseed, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Carbonate, Taurine, Iron Proteinate, Beta-Carotene, Zinc Proteinate, Vitamin E Supplement, Choline Chloride, Cobalt Proteinate, Thiamine Mononitrate, Copper Proteinate, Folic Acid, Manganese Proteinate, Niacin, d-Calcium Pantothenate, Sodium Selenite, Vitamin D-3 Supplement, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin Supplement, Vitamin A Supplement, Vitamin B-12 Supplement, Potassium Iodide, Biotin.
This food contains 772 kcal/kg or 66 kcal/pouch ME (metabolizable energy) on an as fed basis (calculated).
Wellness® Healthy Indulgence® Tuna Recipe Cat Food is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO Cat Food Nutrient Profiles for maintenance.


text:
Croatia to recruit manpower from Bangladesh
Independent Online/ UNB
Croatia has expressed its interest in recruiting quality human resources from Bangladesh in the near future.
Croatia's Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Labour and Pension System Drazen Opalic said that his country will soon forward a draft MoU to Bangladesh for this purpose.
Once the MoU is signed, necessary preparations will be put in place for recruiting human resources from Bangladesh.
Opalic said that this time they want to hire doctors, nurses, ICT experts, tourism workers, construction workers, among others, from Bangladesh.
This interest was conveyed to Bangladesh Ambassador Sheikh Mohammed Belal recently when he met Opalic.
Opalic told Belal that this year they are willing to issue licenses for 51,000 manpower, mostly from within Europe and a smaller number from outside Europe, said the Bangladesh Embassy in The Hague on Wednesday night.
Ambassador Belal apprised the Croatian Minister about Bangladesh's capacity to provide both skilled and un-skilled manpower in all possible sectors that they may need.He also requested Opalic to visit Bangladesh to see for themselves the arrangements that the government had put in place for orderly process of migration with necessary skill.
This government to government initiative will be developed in consultation of both the countries and relevant agencies in a way so that the cost of migration and other preparation for imparting relevant skills will be duly worked out.
The meeting was attended by representatives from Croatian Employment Agency, Ministry of Labour and Pension System and Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs.
Earlier, Ambassador Belal also had a meeting with Petar Uzorinac, acting Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia in his office.
Among other issues, the issue of recruitment of manpower from Bangladesh was also discussed.
Bangladesh Embassy in the Netherlands is also concurrently accredited to Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Croatia has expressed its interest in recruiting quality human resources from Bangladesh in the near future. Croatias Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Labour and Pension System Drazen Opalic said that his country will soon forward a draft MoU to Bangladesh for this purpose. Once the MoU is signed, necessary preparations will be put in place for recruiting human resources from Bangladesh. Opalic said that this time they want to hire doctors, nurses, ICT experts, tourism workers, construction workers, among others, from Bangladesh. This interest was conveyed to Bangladesh Ambassador Sheikh Mohammed Belal recently when he met Opalic. Opalic told Belal that this year they are willing to issue licenses for 51,000 manpower, mostly from within Europe and a smaller number from outside Europe, said the Bangladesh Embassy in The Hague on Wednesday night. Ambassador Belal apprised the Croatian Minister about Bangladeshs capacity to provide both skilled and un-skilled manpower in all possible sectors that they may need.He also requested Opalic to visit Bangladesh to see for themselves the arrangements that the government had put in place for orderly process of migration with necessary skill. This government to government initiative will be developed in consultation of both the countries and relevant agencies in a way so that the cost of migration and other preparation for imparting relevant skills will be duly worked out. The meeting was attended by representatives from Croatian Employment Agency, Ministry of Labour and Pension System and Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs. Earlier, Ambassador Belal also had a meeting with Petar Uzorinac, acting Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs of Croatia in his office. Among other issues, the issue of recruitment of manpower from Bangladesh was also discussed. Bangladesh Embassy in the Netherlands is also concurrently accredited to Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina. KK


text:
Mick Jagger inherits L'Wren Scott's estate
On behalf of Conover & Grebe, LLP | Apr 4, 2014 | Estate Administration
Famed fashion designer L'Wren Scott reportedly has left her entire estate to her longtime boyfriend, Mick Jagger. Scott was found dead in her Manhattan apartment on March 17, and her death has been ruled a suicide. Her death was a traumatic surprise to those in the fashion industry.
According to court documents, Scott's will indicated that she wanted to leave all of her "jewelry, clothing, household furniture and furnishings" to Jagger. It is estimated that her estate is worth $9 million. Arguably the most valuable asset is her Manhattan apartment. Noticeably absent from her will were Scott's two children, Randy Bambrough and Jan Shane.
A CNN report reveals that Scott signed the will in May 2013 in Beverly Hills, California.
Scott's will, and the transfer to Jagger, brings up a number of estate tax issues. Given the value of the estate, there could be significant taxes to be paid, if there is no applicable exemption to help in saving money that would otherwise be paid to the federal government. Estates with a value of less than $5 million can avoid federal taxation, which could be as much as 40 percent. Since she and Jagger were not married, he would not be able to take advantage of the unlimited exemption afforded to married parties.
Additionally, the State of New York may seek its share of the estate, where taxes apply on estates worth more than $1 million. It remains to be seen whether Jagger will argue that a particular exemption applies, or whether California law controls.
Source: CNN.com "L'Wren Scott leaves $9 million estate to Mick Jagger," Rande Iaboni, March 28, 2014


text:
John McGuinness links up with Michael Dunlop for Isle of Man TT Supersport races
John McGuinness and Michael Dunlop have linked up for this year's Isle of Man TT.
Adam Lord
John McGuinness has linked up with another Isle of Man TT great ahead of his return to the iconic festival of racing this year.
The Morecambe Missile has signed up to ride for Michael Dunlop's MD Racing team in the two Supersport races.
John McGuinness with his new Supersport machine.
It comes on the back of the 45-year-old announcing deals with Norton for the Superbike and Senior TTs and Ryan Farquhar's KMR/IEG Kawasaki team for the Bennetts Lightweight TT.
McGuinness will be making his return to the Isle of Man after missing last year's event due to the injuries he sustained at the North West 200 in May last year.
"I'm excited to be riding Michael's bike at this year's TT," he said.
"It's started off as a bit of a joke conversation between us both and has developed into him going off and building me a bike.
"I'm a big fan of Michael's both as a rider but also for what he has done in terms of running his own teams and winning races out the back of his van against the factory teams over the years.
"The Dunlop name means so much to TT fans and as a fan myself, I can't wait to represent that name at this year's event.
"We've won 38 TT's between us so together we know what needs to be done and I am sure we will be right at the sharp end."
Both the resort racer and Dunlop have an excellent track record in the 600cc class with the Northern Irishman winning last year's four-lap race when Yamaha-mounted while McGuinness was victorious in both 2005 and 2006 for Yamaha and Honda respectively.
Riding for the latter exclusively since 2006, the Morecambe man added further Supersport podiums to his haul in 2007, 2008, 2011 and 2013.
Since 2010 McGuinness has lined up in the colours of Padgetts Racing and, more recently the Jackson Racing team, finishing in the top five on no less than eight occasions with his most recent outing in 2016 seeing him finish fifth.
His fastest lap in the Supersport category, 127.210mph, came in 2013 when he made his last visit to the podium in the class which makes him the fifth fastest rider ever to have lapped the Mountain Course on a 600cc machine.
Dunlop said: "I hadn't ever really planned on building another bike, but when John started talking to me about it, I thought it was a great idea and I couldn't really say no.
"It's good for me, it's good for my team and no matter who you are, the man has won 23 TT races so there is always going to be something that can be learnt by having him in working alongside you.
"People don't see him as a 600cc rider, but he's won races and had lots of podium finishes on a 600cc bike and I will give him a bike capable of winning on."
This year's TT gets underway on May 26 with the Supersport races on June 4 and 6.
Morecambe Music Festival set to be town's 'biggest weekend of the year'
Nationally recognised Heysham cafe owner says he "only came to windsurf and sell a few sausages"
Police appeal after attempted ATM cash thefts in Morecambe and Longridge


text:
Rrzhana ( oder Rrëzhana/-ë, ) ist ein unbewohntes Dorf in der nördlich kosovarischen Gemeinde Mitrovica e Jugut.

Geographie
Das Dorf liegt oberhalb der Gipfel Barel und Ostro Koplje. Rrzhana ist nicht an die Straße gebunden und schwer zu erreichen. Es grenzt an die Gemeinde Podujeva.

Bevölkerung

Ethnien
Bei der Volkszählung 2011 wurden für Rrzhana 0 Einwohner erfasst.

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Kosovo
Geographie (Gemeinde Mitrovica e Jugut)


In Melbourne.— There was one question on everybody's lips after Tiger Tara destroyed his rivals in the A$500,000 Hunter Cup at Melton.
And it is the question we will never be able to answer.
Is this version, the enormously-improved version of Tiger Tara as good as his now-retired nemesis Lazarus?
Maybe they shouldn't be the questions people ask after Tiger Tara had completed a Melton triple crown on Saturday night, having already won the Victoria Cup and Inter Dominion there this season.
Add to that his bravest of nose seconds to Thefixer in the New Zealand Cup at Addington in November and you have one of the great seasons in modern pacing history.
Maybe Tiger and his army of fans should be able to bath in that glory and the promise of a Miracle Mile now a month away.
But that is not the way the human brain, particularly the racing brain, usually works.
Because Tiger Tara has been so dominant over most of Australasia's best pacers this season that you have to wonder is he just clearly better than he was in the last two seasons when Kiwi champ Lazarus would routinely thrash him.
Yes, Tiger Tara scored victories over Lazarus in lead-up races to more serious targets, but the stats are stacked unarguably in Lazarus's favour before he was sold to the States last year and subsequently retired one of the fastest milers ever.
A brief stat check: Lazarus beat Tiger Tara in one New Zealand Cup by 10 lengths, by five in another.
And last season when Tiger Tara led in both the Inter Dominion and the Hunter Cup, Lazarus sat parked, covering up to 20m more and destroyed him.
So there can be no argument that Lazarus was a better horse than Tiger Tara.
But if Laz had stuck around and Tiger Tara has improved as much as his times suggest, would their rivalry still be as one-sided?
Driver Todd McCarthy, still buzzing from his record spin around Melton, stopped short of saying the tables would be turned in the race we will never see.
"I have no doubts Tiger has improved, he has just kept getting better," says McCarthy.
"And Kevin has learned about the horse too and maybe trains him differently for the lead-up races now than he used to.
"So he is definitely better. But beating Lazarus regularly, I am not sure about that.
With times all but irrelevant as a class guide in harness racing these days, it is hard to fathom that Tiger Tara has improved enough to be considered in the same class at Lazarus had the lather held his form this season.
And there is a reality racing promoters never like to admit even though they whisper about it in secret: that this open class crop isn't that good.
Shorn of an injured Chicago Bull and with New Zealand's best pacer maybe Turn It Up, who isn't ready for the Grand Circuit yet, maybe Tiger Tara is beating up good but not great open class rivals.
The possible exception to that is Thefixer, who was poor by his standards after a hard trip on Saturday night. But he did still beat Tiger Tara in the New Zealand Cup, albeit with a far easier trip.
So it might be unfair to pit 2019 Tiger Tara against 2017 and 2018 Lazarus.
But the gut, the eye and their overall strike rates suggest that as special as Tiger Tara is now, his deeds also serve to remind us how truly great Lazarus was.


Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun has both beneficial and damaging effects. Too much can cause skin cancer and cataracts, while too little leads to harmful vitamin D deficiencies. Therefore accurate assessment of UV radiation at the Earth's surface and long-term trends in solar UV is necessary to enable the development and implementation of relevant policy and regulation.
The performance of the world reference UV spectroradiometer (QASUME) located at the World Calibration Centre for UV in Davos Switzerland was significantly improved, reducing its measurement uncertainty from ±4 % to ±1.5 %. A second generation world reference instrument for solar UV that will replace the original instrument was also designed, developed and tested.
An NMI-based tuneable laser calibration chain for solar UV radiance measurements was established.
Accurate and portable reference standards based on traceable portable UV-LED radiance sources were developed to enable calibration of field instruments in situ, removing the need to take them to the world reference UV spectroradiometer in Switzerland. Methods to accurately characterise typical field instruments (CCD array-based spectroradiometers) were developed and shared with the user community.
New technologies for improved solar irradiance measurements were investigated. A hyperspectral camera to assess the sky radiance distribution was developed and tested and methods to reduce stray light in spectroradiometers were built and assessed.
The project increased and deepened interaction between the metrology and solar UV measurement communities, enabling effective sharing of needs and measurement best practice. The project concluded with a large-scale comparison exercise at the World Calibration Centre for UV in in Switzerland, where end-users from public health, environment and meteorology agencies and industry were able to directly compare their measurements to the world reference UV spectroradiometer and be trained in the latest methods and techniques, and so improve the delivery of their public services.


text:
package cal

func Substract(num1 int, num2 int) (result int) {
	return num1 - num2
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Request for more time could signal progress in talks to avert strike; case will resume Thursday.
DETROIT -- Auto parts supplier Delphi Corp.'s approval to get a hearing on labor contracts delayed until Thursday raises hopes that progress can be made in talks aimed at reaching a settlement and avoiding a possible strike.
Delphi, which filed for bankruptcy in October, said its request to delay the hearing on getting its labor contracts thrown out was intended to facilitate continuing discussions with former parent General Motors Corp., the United Auto Workers and other unions.
"There were productive and high-level meetings conducted all day, late into the day (Thursday)," Delphi spokesman Lindsey Williams said Friday. Williams said multiple parties are participating in the talks, including various committees involved in the bankruptcy proceedings, such as the creditors' committee.
In a statement released Friday, the UAW insisted that "even with the suspension of court proceedings, discussions have been weighed down by Delphi's focus on their bankruptcy strategy."
While discussions with Delphi and GM continued through July, "the talks were at best disappointing," the UAW said. "Delphi's negotiators would not enter into any discussion which might be viewed in court as a departure from their November proposal."
That proposal to union workers included demands for a dramatic cut in compensation packages, including wage, benefit and pension cuts. Instead of revisiting wages and benefits, Delphi negotiators insisted on centering discussions on Delphi's plans with manufacturing plants, product lines and the impact of an accelerated attrition plan on Delphi's labor costs.
GM, Delphi's top customer, plays a key role in the talks because the parts supplier is a former GM subsidiary and Delphi continues to provide about $15 billion annually in components to the automaker. GM has various contractual obligations to Delphi workers who used to be employed by the automaker.
The Troy-based parts supplier has repeatedly delayed hearings related to its motion to throw out labor contracts. The motion has caused a whirlwind of controversy among Delphi's labor unions and sparked serious concerns that hourly workers may eventually strike against the supplier -- leading to disruptions in GM's production activities.
Often, a move to delay such hearings by a bankrupt company indicates progress in labor talks. Judges routinely grant delays to allow the parties to sort out differences.
GM spokeswoman Toni Simonetti declined to comment directly on Delphi's plans for a delay, but said GM remains committed to finding a mutually acceptable solution "that allows Delphi to emerge from bankruptcy as a strong supplier."
GM, the unions and Delphi are working to firm up a consensual pact that addresses Delphi's high structural costs and expenses related to retirees, while also satisfying GM and the UAW. On Thursday, GM Chief Executive Rick Wagoner characterized the talks as complex and "mind bending," and said that the multiple moving parts of the negotiations are at the root of prolonged negotiations.
In addition to Delphi's demands for lower wages and relief from retiree obligations, GM also is negotiating terms of supply contracts, some of which Delphi is asking the bankruptcy court to throw out. GM, Delphi and the unions have already agreed to a variety of initiatives aimed at cutting Delphi's work force and labor costs, including an accelerated attrition program that is ongoing.


text:
Tagged: Award
The awards given by the World SF Society. Originally known as the Science Fiction Achievement Awards, and affectionately known as Hugos in honour of Hugo Gernsback, the name was officially changed to the Hugo Awards when the US authorities declined to allow a service mark on the original name. Hugos were first awarded at the 1953 World SF Convention (see Worldcon); the idea was then dropped for a year (1954), but since 1955 the awards have been annual. They have always been fan-voted awards as opposed to, say, the Nebula or Philip K Dick Award, which are voted on by different categories of professional reader. The original idea, from fan Hal Lynch, was based on the National Film Academy Awards (Oscars). The award takes the form of a rocketship mounted upright on fins. The first model was designed and produced by Jack McKnight; from 1955 a similar design by Ben Jason has normally been used. The rockets have been cast since 1984 (except 1991) in Birmingham, UK, at the foundry of prominent fan Peter Weston; in 1992 they were gold-plated to celebrate the 50th Worldcon, and again in 2003 for the 50th anniversary of the first presentation. The base of the trophy is different every year, with modern Worldcons normally running a competition for the best design.
Awards are made in several categories, which have varied in definition and number from year to year. They are given primarily for fiction, but categories for editing, artwork, film and television, fan writing and illustration have also been included. The rules governing awards are made, and often remade, at Worldcon business meetings, held annually. Occasional special awards are made by Worldcon committees, but these are not generally actual Hugos. The exception is that each Worldcon committee has the right to add one additional category. This power is usually used for trials of proposed new categories.
These days voting on the Hugos takes place prior to the convention with voting by post, and more recently online. Early voting regulations tended to change each year; the 1956 awards, for example, were based on a juried shortlist for most categories (except Best Professional Magazine, where no finalists were listed) but allowed write-in votes on the final ballot. Since the late 1960s the system has settled on a two-stage ballot. The first stage, open to members of the previous and current year's Worldcon (and also, from 2012 to 2019 inclusive, the following year's as well), is known as nominations and allows each voter five equally-ranked choices in each category. These are totalled, and the five (or, from 2017 onward, six) works or people with the most nominations in each category go forward to the final ballot. This is conducted using a preferential voting system, often known as the Australian ballot (after the system used in Australian lower-house elections), or Instant Runoff Voting in the USA. The least successful contender's votes are redistributed, using second or subsequent preferences, after each count, until one candidate has a clear majority. The final ballot is open only to members of the current year's Worldcon. It is not necessary to attend the convention to vote – a lower-cost "supporting membership" is available to people unable to afford the travel to wherever Worldcon is being held that year.
Worldcon was traditionally held over the US Labor Day Weekend in September, but more recently has sometimes slipped earlier owing to school holiday timing and competition from Dragon*Con. The Hugos are given for publication or activity in the preceding calendar year. Hence, for example, a novel which wins a 1998 Hugo will have been published in 1997 (though, if it also wins a Nebula, the latter will be known confusingly as the 1997 Nebula). "No award" votes have for many years been permitted, and have resulted occasionally in void classes.
The definitions of the various categories of short fiction have varied. There was no short-fiction award in 1953. In the years 1955-1959 there were only two classes of short fiction: novelette and short story. These were amalgamated from 1960 to 1966 as "short fiction"; few short stories were nominated during this period, and in 1962 Brian W Aldiss uniquely won the short-fiction award for a series, the Hothouse stories (February-December 1961 F&SF). In 1967 the novelette class was reintroduced, and a new class, novella, was included from 1968. In 1970-1972 the only two classes were short story and novella. Since 1973 there have again been three classes of short fiction. Since the early 1970s a novella has been defined as being 17,500 to 40,000 words, a novelette as 7500 to 17,500 words, a short story as any fiction shorter than a novelette and a novel as any fiction longer than a novella.
Since 1971, the Dramatic Presentation category has included recordings. In 2003 this Hugo was split into Long Form and Short Form categories, broadly intended to cover films and television episodes respectively, but kept open to allow for things such as direct-to-tv movies, and also to continue to provide eligibility for stage plays, musicals and other dramatic work.
In 1973 the professional-magazine category changed to a professional-editor category, to acknowledge the increasing importance of original Anthologies. In 2007, this Professional Editor category split into Long Form and Short Form, respectively covering editors of novels (who are often uncredited) and editors of short stories/articles in magazines and anthologies.
In 1980 the category of nonfiction book was added, the first award being given to the first edition of this encyclopedia, and subsequent awards have gone to books of criticism, scholarship, artwork, reminiscence and science fact: a category in which Graphic Novels competed with encyclopedias was perhaps too much of a grab-bag; the 1989 Worldcon committee did choose specifically to exclude A Brief History of Time (1988) by Stephen Hawking (1942-2018), causing some slight controversy. The category was then changed to Related Book, indicating that the work merely had to be of interest to fans, not actually about science fiction, and in 2010 to Related Work to indicate that the work need not be a printed book, making it even more of an eclectic catch-all.
Since 1984 the category of Semiprozine has been included, for publications midway between Fanzines and professional magazines. The specific motivation for this change seems to have been to remove Locus – from which the editor earned significant income – from the "amateur" fanzine category. For many years the Hugo rules defined a semiprozine as a publication meeting two or more of five criteria: circulation, paid staff, editor's income, percentage of advertising and self-announcement as a semiprozine. (After its 2002 fanzine win, Ansible declared itself to be a semiprozine and was subsequently shortlisted in that category.) The domination of the Semiprozine category by Locus led to a successful 2008 vote for its abolition; however, following campaigning by semiprozine editors, the decision was reversed rather than being ratified in 2009. The publicity this gave to other semiprozines resulted in Locus failing to win its customary Hugo in 2009, 2010 or 2011; it won again in 2012, but changes to the Hugo definition of semiprozine, ratified at the 2012 Worldcon business meeting, will henceforth exclude Locus since it has full-time paid staff members.
Also in 2008, a new Graphic Novel category was voted into existence and, although this addition could not be ratified (which it was) until 2009, the 2009 Worldcon added Best Graphic Novel as the one additional Hugo category which each event has the option to include.
The Fancast category, for podcasts and similar free Audiozines distributed online, was first presented in 2012, having been passed as a new category in 2011 and – as with Graphic Novel above – introduced as an additional category prior to its ratification in the following year. A still further addition is Series (of novels etc), run as a trial in 2017 and ratified in that year as a permanent addition thereafter
The Hugos have for many years been subject to criticism on the grounds that awards made by a small, self-selected group of hardcore fans do not necessarily reflect either literary merit or the preferences of the sf reading public generally; hardcore Fandom probably makes up less than one per cent of the general sf readership. Certainly Hugos have tended to be given to traditional Hard SF, and have seldom been awarded to experimental work, but they have been, on the whole, surprisingly eclectic. While many awards have gone to (good but) conservative writers like Poul Anderson, Robert A Heinlein, Clifford D Simak and Larry Niven, they have also been given to such doyens of the New Wave as Harlan Ellison, Roger Zelazny and James Tiptree Jr, and to a number of works of literary excellence which quite fail to conform to the standard patterns of genre expectation, such as Walter M Miller Jr's A Canticle for Leibowitz (April 1955-February 1957 F&SF; fixup 1960) and Ursula K Le Guin's The Dispossessed (1974). Neither was Fritz Leiber's eccentric The Big Time (March-April 1958 Galaxy; 1961 dos), which won the award before going into book format, a traditionalist selection. The Hugos are also open to, and have been won by, works of Fantasy. This has always been the case, despite semantic arguments based on the old name "Science Fiction Achievement Award"; an outright fantasy by Robert Bloch won the short story category as early as 1959.
The rival award, the Nebula, is chosen by professional writers, but there is no evidence that they have consistently selected works of superior literary merit; indeed, some critics would argue the contrary case, that the Hugo voters have proved themselves marginally the more reliable judges. Though good books are often ignored, and in some years individual awards have seemed strange, the track record of the Hugos has been, on the whole, quite honourable. Another traditional cavil is that both Hugo and Nebula, being US-centred, are notably chauvinistic, with awards to non-US writers being rare. This may still be argued of the Nebulas, which are limited to works published in the USA. The Hugos are, at least in theory, open to works published in any country, and in any language. The arrival of the internet and the regular awarding of the Worldcon to countries other than the US have changed the nature of the awards: British finalists and winners are now frequently seen, as are some Canadians and Australians. Despite the criticisms to which all awards are readily subject, the Hugos are – or at least used to be – of real value to their recipients in increasing book sales.
Up-to-date listings of the rules under which Hugo awards are made can be found in the programme booklets for each Worldcon, as Article 3 of the Constitution of the World Science Fiction Society, and on line at the official website [see under links below]. All members of the upcoming Worldcon are by definition members of the WSFS, whose constitution enshrines the current Worldcon and Hugo procedures. "Hugo Award" is a registered service mark of the WSFS in the USA, UK, and Australia. An official Hugo logo designed by Jeremy Kratz – a stylized representation of the Hugo rocket – was adopted in 2009. This is intended for use on prize-winning books, DVDs and so on [again see under links below].
Having evolved only gradually since times when Fandom and the Worldcon were much smaller, the Hugo nominations process has long been exploitable by targeted attacks and protected only by the traditional sense that such things are not done. One notorious example was the shortlisting of L Ron Hubbard's execrable Black Genesis (1986) in the 1987 Hugos, achieved by a bloc vote of many Scientologists who apparently bought Worldcon memberships for this sole purpose. The bloc-voting tactic was revived in campaigns led by generally right-wing US writers and aimed at the Hugos from 2013 onwards. The problem came to a head in 2015, when organized voting slates demonstrated that a relatively small proportion of nominators picking the same five candidates for each Hugo category could, in many categories, control the final ballot by filling all five available slots. As in 1987, the final Hugo voting for 2015 saw a backlash by the larger Worldcon membership against this perceived gaming of the system, with No Award given in all five categories that had contained only slate nominees: Novella, Short Story, Related Work, Professional Editor (Short Form) and Professional Editor (Long Form). Amendments to the nomination system, designed to reduce the potency of slate voting, were introduced in 2015 and ratified in 2016 before coming into effect for the 2017 awards, in which the effect of slates was much reduced.
Much of the Hugo-winning short fiction, from the first such presentation in 1955 to the mid-1990s, has been assembled in a number of Hugo Anthologies (which see) initially edited by Isaac Asimov and after his death by others. The anthology practice then fell into disuse, though a new selection of 2009 winners and nominees was published in 2010. Since 2008, Worldcon members have been entitled to receive a Voter Packet assembling digital copies (in some cases only excerpts) of those works on the final ballot that publishers have agreed to include. This idea had been anticipated by Brad Templeton (1960- ) with the CD-ROM Hugo and Nebula Anthology 1993 (1993), containing amid much else all the Hugo-nominated fiction and almost all the Nebula nominees. The present form of the Packet was initiated by John Scalzi and its distribution has since become standard procedure for the Worldcon.
The John W Campbell Award for best new writer has long been presented within the framework of the Hugos, being nominated and voted for by the same World SF Society constituency on the same ballot forms, but is not technically a Hugo. An additional award of similar status for Young Adult fiction was added in 2017 for first presentation in 2018, initially with no distinctive name but from 2019 to be called the Lodestar Award. [DRL/PN/CM]
see also: SF Magazines; Women SF Writers.
1953: Alfred Bester, The Demolished Man (January-March 1952 Galaxy; 1953)
1955: Mark Clifton and Frank Riley, They'd Rather be Right (August-November 1954 Astounding; edited version 1957; vt The Forever Machine 1958; text restored under original title 1981)
1956: Robert A Heinlein, Double Star (February-April 1956 Astounding; 1956)
1957: no award
1958: Fritz Leiber, The Big Time (March-April 1958 Galaxy; 1961 dos)
1959: James Blish, A Case of Conscience (September 1953 If; exp 1958)
1960: Robert A Heinlein, Starship Troopers (October-November 1959 F&SF as "Starship Soldier"; 1959)
1961: Walter M Miller Jr, A Canticle for Leibowitz (April 1955-February 1957 F&SF; fixup 1960)
1962: Robert A Heinlein, Stranger in a Strange Land (1961; text restored 1990)
1963: Philip K Dick, The Man in the High Castle (1962)
1964: Clifford D Simak, Way Station (June-August 1963 Galaxy as "Here Gather the Stars"; 1963)
1965: Fritz Leiber, The Wanderer (1964)
1966: (tie) Roger Zelazny, "... And Call Me Conrad" (October-November 1965 F&SF; exp vt This Immortal 1966), and Frank Herbert, Dune (fixup 1965)
1967: Robert A Heinlein, The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (December 1965-April 1966 If; 1966)
1968: Roger Zelazny, Lord of Light (1967)
1969: John Brunner, Stand on Zanzibar (1968)
1970: Ursula K Le Guin, The Left Hand of Darkness (1969)
1971: Larry Niven, Ringworld (1970)
1972: Philip José Farmer, To Your Scattered Bodies Go (January 1965-March 1966 Worlds of Tomorrow; fixup 1971)
1973: Isaac Asimov, The Gods Themselves (March/April-May-June 1972 Galaxy; 1972)
1974: Arthur C Clarke, Rendezvous with Rama (1973)
1975: Ursula K Le Guin, The Dispossessed (1974)
1976: Joe Haldeman, The Forever War (June 1972-January 1975 Analog; fixup 1974)
1977: Kate Wilhelm, Where Late the Sweet Birds Sang (fixup 1976)
1978: Frederik Pohl, Gateway (1977)
1979: Vonda N McIntyre, Dreamsnake (fixup 1978)
1980: Arthur C Clarke, The Fountains of Paradise (1979)
1981: Joan D Vinge, The Snow Queen (1980)
1982: C J Cherryh, Downbelow Station (1981)
1983: Isaac Asimov, Foundation's Edge (1982)
1984: David Brin, Startide Rising (1983)
1985: William Gibson, Neuromancer (1984)
1986: Orson Scott Card, Ender's Game (August 1977 Analog; much exp 1985)
1987: Orson Scott Card, Speaker for the Dead (1986)
1988: David Brin, The Uplift War (1987)
1989: C J Cherryh, Cyteen (1988)
1990: Dan Simmons, Hyperion (1989)
1991: Lois McMaster Bujold, The Vor Game (1990)
1992: Lois McMaster Bujold, Barrayar (1991)
1993: (tie) Vernor Vinge, A Fire Upon the Deep (1992), and Connie Willis, Doomsday Book (1992)
1994: Kim Stanley Robinson, Green Mars (1993)
1995: Lois McMaster Bujold, Mirror Dance (1994)
1996: Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age (1994)
1997: Kim Stanley Robinson, Blue Mars (1996)
1998: Joe Haldeman, Forever Peace (1997)
1999: Connie Willis, To Say Nothing of the Dog (1997)
2000: Vernor Vinge, A Deepness in the Sky (1999)
2001: J K Rowling, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (2000)
2002: Neil Gaiman, American Gods (2001)
2003: Robert J Sawyer, Hominids (2002)
2004: Lois McMaster Bujold, Paladin of Souls (2003)
2005: Susanna Clarke, Jonathan Strange & Mr Norrell (2004)
2006: Robert Charles Wilson, Spin (2005)
2007: Vernor Vinge, Rainbows End (2006)
2008: Michael Chabon, The Yiddish Policemen's Union (2007)
2009: Neil Gaiman, The Graveyard Book (2008)
2010: (tie) China Miéville, The City & The City (2009), and Paolo Bacigalupi, The Windup Girl (2009)
2011: Connie Willis, Blackout (2010) and All Clear (2010)
2012: Jo Walton, Among Others (2011)
2013: John Scalzi, Redshirts (2012)
2014: Ann Leckie, Ancillary Justice (2013)
2015: Cixin Liu, Santi (May-December 2006 Kehuan Shijie; 2007; trans Ken Liu as The Three-Body Problem 2014)
2016: N K Jemisin, The Fifth Season (2015)
2017: N K Jemisin, The Obelisk Gate (2016)
2018: N K Jemisin, The Stone Sky (2017)
Introduced as an ongoing category in the 2017 awards. There was a one-off "best all-time series" Hugo presentation to Isaac Asimov for the Foundation sequence in 1966; the newer series award requires a relevant series publication in the previous calendar year.
2017: Lois McMaster Bujold, Miles Vorkosigan
2018: Lois McMaster Bujold, World of the Five Gods
Short fiction to 1972
Novelette: Walter M Miller Jr, "The Darfsteller" (January 1955 Astounding)
Short story: Eric Frank Russell, "Allamagoosa" (May 1955 Astounding)
Novelette: Murray Leinster, "Exploration Team" (March 1956 Astounding)
Short story: Arthur C Clarke, "The Star" (November 1955 Infinity Science Fiction)
1958: Short story: Avram Davidson, "Or All the Seas with Oysters" (May 1958 Galaxy)
Novelette: Clifford D Simak, "The Big Front Yard" (October 1958 Astounding)
Short story: Robert Bloch, "That Hell-Bound Train" (September 1958 F&SF)
1960: Short fiction: Daniel Keyes, "Flowers for Algernon" (April 1959 F&SF)
1961: Short story: Poul Anderson, "The Longest Voyage" (December 1960 Analog)
1962: Short fiction: Brian W Aldiss, the Hothouse series (February-December 1961 F&SF)
1963: Short fiction: Jack Vance, "The Dragon Masters" (August 1962 Galaxy)
1964: Short story: Poul Anderson, "No Truce with Kings" (June 1963 F&SF)
1965: Short fiction: Gordon R Dickson, "Soldier, Ask Not" (October 1964 Galaxy)
1966: Short fiction: Harlan Ellison, "'Repent, Harlequin!' said the Ticktockman" (December 1965 Galaxy)
Novelette: Jack Vance, "The Last Castle" (April 1966 Galaxy)
Short story: Larry Niven, "Neutron Star" (October 1966 If)
Novella: (tie) Anne McCaffrey, "Weyr Search" (October 1967 Analog), and Philip José Farmer, "Riders of the Purple Wage" (in Dangerous Visions, anth 1967, ed Harlan Ellison)
Novelette: Fritz Leiber, "Gonna Roll The Bones" (in Dangerous Visions, anth 1967, ed Harlan Ellison)
Short story: Harlan Ellison, "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream" (March 1967 If)
Novella: Robert Silverberg, "Nightwings" (September 1968 Galaxy)
Novelette: Poul Anderson, "The Sharing of Flesh" (December 1968 Galaxy)
Short story: Harlan Ellison, "The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World" (June 1968 Galaxy)
Novella: Fritz Leiber, "Ship of Shadows" (July 1969 F&SF)
Short story: Samuel R Delany, "Time Considered as a Helix of Semi-Precious Stones" (December 1968 New Worlds)
Novella: Fritz Leiber, "Ill Met in Lankhmar" (April 1970 F&SF)
Short story: Theodore Sturgeon, "Slow Sculpture" (February 1970 Galaxy Science Fiction)
Novella: Poul Anderson, "The Queen of Air and Darkness" (April 1971 F&SF)
Short story: Larry Niven, "Inconstant Moon" (in All the Myriad Ways, coll 1971)
Novella from 1973
1973: Ursula K Le Guin, "The Word for World is Forest" (in Again, Dangerous Visions, anth 1972, ed Harlan Ellison; 1976)
1974: James Tiptree Jr, "The Girl Who Was Plugged In" (in New Dimensions 3, anth 1973, ed Robert Silverberg)
1975: George R R Martin, "A Song for Lya" (June 1974 Analog)
1976: Roger Zelazny, "Home is the Hangman" (November 1975 Analog)
1977: (tie) Spider Robinson, "By Any Other Name" (November 1976 Analog), and James Tiptree Jr, "Houston, Houston, Do You Read?" (in Aurora: Beyond Equality, anth 1976, ed Vonda McIntyre and Susan J Anderson)
1978: Spider and Jeanne Robinson, "Stardance" (March 1977 Analog)
1979: John Varley, "The Persistence of Vision" (March 1978 F&SF)
1980: Barry B Longyear, "Enemy Mine" (September 1979 Asimov's)
1981: Gordon R Dickson, "Lost Dorsai" (February 1980 Destinies)
1982: Poul Anderson, "The Saturn Game" (February 1981 Analog)
1983: Joanna Russ, "Souls" (January 1982 F&SF)
1984: Timothy Zahn, "Cascade Point" (December 1983 Analog)
1985: John Varley, "PRESS ENTER _" (May 1984 Asimov's)
1986: Roger Zelazny, "24 Views of Mt. Fuji, by Hokusai" (July 1985 Asimov's)
1987: Robert Silverberg, "Gilgamesh in the Outback" (July 1986 Asimov's)
1988: Orson Scott Card, "Eye for Eye" (March 1987 Asimov's)
1989: Connie Willis, "The Last of the Winnebagos" (July 1988 Asimov's)
1990: Lois McMaster Bujold, "The Mountains of Mourning" (May 1989 Analog)
1991: Joe Haldeman, "The Hemingway Hoax" (April 1990 Asimov's)
1992: Nancy Kress, "Beggars in Spain" (April 1991 Asimov's)
1993: Lucius Shepard, "Barnacle Bill the Spacer" (July 1992 Asimov's)
1994: Harry Turtledove, "Down in the Bottomlands" (January 1993 Analog)
1995: Mike Resnick, "Seven Views of Olduvai Gorge" (October/November 1994 F&SF)
1996: Allen Steele, "The Death of Captain Future" (October 1995 Asimov's)
1997: George R R Martin, "Blood of the Dragon" (July 1996 Asimov's)
1998: Allen Steele, "... Where Angels Fear to Tread" (October/November 1997 Asimov's)
1999: Greg Egan, "Oceanic" (August 1998 Asimov's)
2000: Connie Willis, "The Winds of Marble Arch" (October/November 1999 Asimov's)
2001: Jack Williamson, "The Ultimate Earth" (December 2000 Analog)
2002: Vernor Vinge, "Fast Times at Fairmont High" (in The Collected Stories of Vernor Vinge, coll 2001)
2003: Neil Gaiman, Coraline (2002)
2004: Vernor Vinge, "The Cookie Monster" (October 2003 Analog)
2005: Charles Stross, "The Concrete Jungle" (in The Atrocity Archives, coll of linked stories 2004)
2006: Connie Willis, "Inside Job" (January 2005 Asimov's)
2007: Robert Reed, "A Billion Eves" (October/November 2006 Asimov's)
2008: Connie Willis, "All Seated on the Ground" (December 2007 Asimov's)
2009: Nancy Kress, "The Erdmann Nexus" (October/November 2008 Asimov's)
2010: Charles Stross, "Palimpsest" (in Wireless, coll 2009)
2011: Ted Chiang, The Lifecycle of Software Objects (2010)
2012: Kij Johnson, "The Man who Bridged the Mist" (October/November 2011 Asimov's)
2013: Brandon Sanderson, The Emperor's Soul (2012)
2014: Charles Stross, Equoid (24 September 2013 Tor.com; 2013 ebook)
2016: Nnedi Okorafor, Binti (2015 chap)
2017: Seanan McGuire, Every Heart a Doorway (2016)
2018: Martha Wells, All Systems Red (2017)
Novelette from 1973
1973: Poul Anderson, "Goat Song" (February 1972 F&SF)
1974: Harlan Ellison, "The Deathbird" (March 1973 F&SF)
1975: Harlan Ellison, "Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans: Latitude 38° 54' N, Longitude 77° 00' 13" W" (October 1974 F&SF)
1976: Larry Niven, "The Borderland of Sol" (January 1975 Analog)
1977: Isaac Asimov, "The Bicentennial Man" (in Stellar #2, anth 1976, ed Judy-Lynn del Rey)
1978: Joan D Vinge, "Eyes of Amber" (June 1977 Analog)
1979: Poul Anderson, "Hunter's Moon" (November 1978 Analog)
1980: George R R Martin, "Sandkings" (August 1979 Omni)
1981: Gordon R Dickson, "The Cloak and the Staff" (August 1980 Analog)
1982: Roger Zelazny, "Unicorn Variation" (April 1981 Asimov's)
1983: Connie Willis, "Fire Watch" (February 1982 Asimov's)
1984: Greg Bear, "Blood Music" (June 1983 Analog)
1985: Octavia Butler, "Bloodchild" (June 1984 Asimov's)
1986: Harlan Ellison, "Paladin of the Lost Hour" (in Universe 15, anth 1985, ed Terry Carr)
1987: Roger Zelazny, "Permafrost" (April 1986 Omni)
1988: Ursula K Le Guin, "Buffalo Gals, Won't You Come Out Tonight" (November 1987 F&SF)
1989: George Alec Effinger, "Schrödinger's Kitten" (September 1988 Omni)
1990: Robert Silverberg, "Enter a Soldier. Later, Enter Another" (June 1989 Asimov's)
1991: Mike Resnick, "The Manamouki" (July 1990 Asimov's)
1992: Isaac Asimov, "Gold" (September 1991 Analog)
1993: Janet Kagan, "The Nutcracker Coup" (December 1992 Asimov's)
1994: Charles Sheffield, "Georgia on my Mind" (January 1993 Analog)
1995: David Gerrold, "The Martian Child" (September 1994 F&SF)
1996: James Patrick Kelly, "Think Like a Dinosaur" (June 1995 Asimov's)
1997: Bruce Sterling, "Bicycle Repairman" (October/November 1996 Asimov's)
1998: Bill Johnson, "We Will Drink a Fish Together ..." (May 1997 Asimov's)
1999: Bruce Sterling, "Taklamakan" (October/November 1998 Asimov's)
2000: James Patrick Kelly, "1016 to 1" (June 1999 Asimov's)
2001: Kristine Kathryn Rusch, "Millennium Babies" (January 2000 Asimov's)
2002: Ted Chiang, "Hell Is the Absence of God" (in Starlight 3, anth 2001, ed Patrick Nielsen Hayden)
2003: Michael Swanwick, "Slow Life" (December 2002 Analog)
2004: Michael Swanwick, "Legions in Time" (April 2003 Asimov's)
2005: Kelly Link, "The Faery Handbag" (in The Faery Reel, anth 2004, ed Ellen Datlow and Terri Windling)
2006: Peter S Beagle, "Two Hearts" (October/November 2005 F&SF)
2007: Ian McDonald, "The Djinn's Wife" (July 2006 Asimov's)
2008: Ted Chiang, The Merchant and the Alchemist's Gate (2007 chap)
2009: Elizabeth Bear, "Shoggoths in Bloom" (March 2008 Asimov's)
2010: Peter Watts, "The Island" (in The New Space Opera 2, anth 2009, ed Gardner Dozois and Jonathan Strahan)
2011: Allen M Steele, "The Emperor of Mars" (June 2010 Asimov's)
2012: Charlie Jane Anders, "Six Months, Three Days" (8 June 2011 Tor.com)
2013: Pat Cadigan, "The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi" (in Edge of Infinity, anth 2012, ed Jonathan Strahan)
2014: Mary Robinette Kowal, "The Lady Astronaut of Mars" (in Rip-Off!, anth 2012 audiobook; February 2013 maryrobinettekowal.com; rev September 2013 Tor.com; 2014 ebook) – the first, audiobook version of this story had been deemed ineligible for the 2013 Hugos
2015: Thomas Olde Heuvelt, "The Day the World Turned Upside Down" (trans Lia Belt; April 2014 Lightspeed)
2016: Hao Jingfang, "Folding Beijing" trans Ken Liu (January/February 2015 Uncanny Magazine)
2017: Ursula Vernon, "The Tomato Thief" (January 2016 Apex Magazine)
2018: Suzanne Palmer, "The Secret Life of Bots" (September 2017 Clarkesworld)
Short story from 1973
1973: (tie) R A Lafferty, "Eurema's Dam" (in New Dimensions II, anth 1972, ed Robert Silverberg), and Frederik Pohl and C M Kornbluth, "The Meeting" (November 1972 F&SF)
1974: Ursula K Le Guin, "The Ones who Walk Away from Omelas" (in New Dimensions 3, anth 1973, ed Robert Silverberg)
1975: Larry Niven, "The Hole Man" (January 1974 Analog)
1976: Fritz Leiber, "Catch that Zeppelin!" (March 1975 F&SF)
1977: Joe Haldeman, "Tricentennial" (July 1976 Analog)
1978: Harlan Ellison, "Jeffty is Five" (July 1977 F&SF)
1979: C J Cherryh, "Cassandra" (October 1978 F&SF)
1980: George R R Martin, "The Way of Cross and Dragon" (June 1979 Omni)
1981: Clifford D Simak, "Grotto of the Dancing Deer" (April 1980 Analog)
1982: John Varley, "The Pusher" (October 1981 F&SF)
1983: Spider Robinson, "Melancholy Elephants" (June 1982 Analog)
1984: Octavia Butler, "Speech Sounds" (mid-December 1983 Asimov's)
1985: David Brin, "The Crystal Spheres" (January 1984 Analog)
1986: Frederik Pohl, "Fermi and Frost" (January 1985 Asimov's)
1987: Greg Bear, "Tangents" (January 1986 Omni)
1988: Lawrence Watt-Evans, "Why I Left Harry's All-Night Hamburgers" (July 1987 Asimov's)
1989: Mike Resnick, "Kirinyaga" (November 1988 F&SF)
1990: Suzy McKee Charnas, "Boobs" (July 1989 Asimov's)
1991: Terry Bisson, "Bears Discover Fire" (August 1990 Asimov's)
1992: Geoffrey A Landis, "A Walk in the Sun" (October 1991 Asimov's)
1993: Connie Willis, "Even the Queen" (April 1992 Asimov's)
1994: Connie Willis, "Death on the Nile" (March 1993 Asimov's)
1995: Joe Haldeman, "None So Blind" (November 1994 Asimov's)
1996: Maureen F McHugh, "The Lincoln Train" (April 1995 F&SF)
1997: Connie Willis, "The Soul Selects Her Own Society: Invasion and Repulsion: A Chronological Reinterpretation of Two of Emily Dickinson's Poems: A Wellsian Perspective" (April 1996 Asimov's)
1998: Mike Resnick, "The 43 Antarean Dynasties" (December 1997 Asimov's)
1999: Michael Swanwick, "The Very Pulse of the Machine" (February 1998 Asimov's)
2000: Michael Swanwick, "Scherzo with Tyrannosaur" (July 1999 Asimov's)
2001: David Langford, "Different Kinds of Darkness" (January 2000 F&SF)
2002: Michael Swanwick, "The Dog Said Bow-Wow" (October/November 2001 Asimov's)
2003: Geoffrey A Landis, "Falling onto Mars" (July/August 2002 Analog)
2004: Neil Gaiman, "A Study in Emerald" (in Shadows Over Baker Street, anth 2003, ed Michael Reaves and John Pelan)
2005: Mike Resnick, "Travels with My Cats" (February 2004 Asimov's)
2006: David D Levine, "Tk'tk'tk" (March 2005 Asimov's)
2007: Tim Pratt, "Impossible Dreams" (July 2006 Asimov's)
2008: Elizabeth Bear, "Tideline" (June 2007 Asimov's)
2009: Ted Chiang, "Exhalation" (in Eclipse 2, anth 2008, ed Jonathan Strahan)
2010: Will McIntosh, "Bridesicle" (January 2009 Asimov's)
2011: Mary Robinette Kowal, "For Want of a Nail" (September 2010 Asimov's)
2012: Ken Liu, "The Paper Menagerie" (March/April 2011 F&SF)
2013: Ken Liu, "Mono no Aware" (in The Future is Japanese, anth 2012, ed Nick Mamatas and Masumi Washington)
2014: John Chu, "The Water That Falls on You from Nowhere" (20 February 2013 Tor.com)
2016: Naomi Kritzer, "Cat Pictures Please" (January 2015 Clarkesworld)
2017: Amal El-Mohtar, "Seasons of Glass and Iron" (in The Starlit Wood: New Fairy Tales, anth 2016, ed Dominik Parisien and Navah Wolfe)
2018: Rebecca Roanhorse, "Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™" (August 2017 Apex Magazine)
Nonfiction book 1980-1999
1980: Peter Nicholls, editor, The Science Fiction Encyclopedia (1979)
1981: Carl Sagan, Cosmos (1980)
1982: Stephen King, Danse Macabre (1981)
1983: James E Gunn, Isaac Asimov: The Foundations of Science Fiction (1982)
1984: Donald H Tuck, The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy: Volume 3: Miscellaneous (dated 1982 but 1983)
1985: Jack Williamson, "Wonder's Child: My Life in Science Fiction" (1984)
1986: Tom Weller, Science Made Stupid (1985)
1987: Brian W Aldiss with David Wingrove, Trillion Year Spree (1986)
1988: Michael Whelan, Michael Whelan's Works of Wonder (1987)
1989: Samuel R Delany, The Motion of Light in Water (1988)
1990: Alexei and Cory Panshin, The World Beyond the Hill (1989)
1991: Orson Scott Card, How to Write Science Fiction and Fantasy (1990)
1992: Charles Addams, The World of Charles Addams (graph coll 1991)
1993: Harry Warner Jr, A Wealth of Fable: An Informal History of Science Fiction Fandom in the 1950s (1976 3vols mimeographed; exp 1992)
1994: John Clute and Peter Nicholls, editors, The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction: An Illustrated A to Z (1993)
1995: Isaac Asimov, I. Asimov: A Memoir (1994)
1996: John Clute, Science Fiction: The Illustrated Encyclopedia (1995)
1997: L Sprague de Camp, Time & Chance: An Autobiography (1996)
1998: John Clute and John Grant, editors, The Encyclopedia of Fantasy (1997)
1999: Thomas M Disch, The Dreams Our Stuff Is Made Of: How Science Fiction Conquered the World (1998)
Related book/work from 2000
This broadened category replaced Nonfiction from the 2000 Hugos onward. The 1988 experimental category Other forms can be considered as a precursor of Related book and is included here. In 2008 "Related book" was amended to "Related work", opening subsequent years' awards to online works.
1988: Other Forms: Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons, Watchmen (graph 1987)
2000: Frank M Robinson, Science Fiction of the 20th Century (1999)
2001: Bob Eggleton and Nigel Suckling, Greetings from Earth: The Art of Bob Eggleton (graph 2000)
2002: Ron Miller and Frederick C Durant III with Melvin H Schuetz, The Art of Chesley Bonestell (2001)
2003: Judith Merril and Emily Pohl-Weary, Better to Have Loved: The Life of Judith Merril (2002)
2004: John Grant and Elizabeth L Humphrey with Pamela D Scoville, The Chesley Awards for Science Fiction & Fantasy Art: A Retrospective (2003)
2005: Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn, editors, The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction (anth 2003)
2006: Kate Wilhelm, Storyteller: Writing Lessons and More from 27 Years of the Clarion Writers' Workshop (anth 2005)
2007: Julie Phillips, James Tiptree, Jr.: The Double Life of Alice B. Sheldon (2006) (see James Tiptree Jr)
2008: Jeff Prucher, Brave New Words: The Oxford Dictionary of Science Fiction (2007)
2009: John Scalzi, Your Hate Mail Will be Graded (coll 2008)
2010: Jack Vance, This is Me, Jack Vance! (Or, More Properly, This is "I") (2009)
2011: Lynne M Thomas and Tara O'Shea, editors, Chicks Dig Time Lords: A Celebration of Doctor Who by the Women Who Love It (anth 2010)
2012: John Clute, David Langford, Peter Nicholls and Graham Sleight, editors, The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction, Third Edition (2011-current web)
2013: Brandon Sanderson, Dan Wells, Mary Robinette Kowal, Howard Tayler and Jordan Sanderson, Writing Excuses, Season 7 (podcast series) (see Audiozine)
2014: Kameron Hurley, "We Have Always Fought: Challenging the Women, Cattle and Slaves Narrative" (20 May 2013 A Dribble of Ink)
2017: Ursula K Le Guin, Words Are My Matter: Writings About Life and Books, 2000-2016
2018: Ursula K Le Guin, No Time to Spare: Thinking About What Matters (coll 2017)
Graphic novel/story from 2009
The 1988 experimental category Other forms led to the first Hugo for a graphic novel, whose winner is thus repeated under this heading.
2009: Kaja & Phil Foglio (colours: Cheyenne Wright), Girl Genius, Volume 8: Agatha Heterodyne and the Chapel of Bones (graph 2008)
2010: Kaja & Phil Foglio, Girl Genius, Volume 9: Agatha Heterodyne and the Heirs of the Storm (graph 2009)
2011: Kaja & Phil Foglio, Girl Genius, Volume 10: Agatha Heterodyne and the Guardian Muse (graph 2010)
2012: Ursula Vernon, Digger (graph 2011)
2013: Brian K Vaughan and Fiona Staples, Saga, Volume 1 (graph 2012)
2014: Randall Munroe, "Time" (25 March-29 July 2013 xkcd.com #1190)
2015: G Willow Wilson, Adrian Alphona and Jake Wyatt, Ms. Marvel Volume 1: No Normal (graph 2014)
2016: Neil Gaiman, Dave McKean and J H Williams III The Sandman: Overture (graph 2015)
2017: Marjorie Liu and Sana Takeda, Monstress, Volume 1: Awakening (graph 2016)
2018: Marjorie Liu and Sana Takeda, Monstress, Volume 1: The Blood (graph 2017)
Dramatic presentation to 2002
1958: Outstanding movie: The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957)
1960: The Twilight Zone
1965: Special drama: Dr. Strangelove Or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1963)
1966: not presented (the "no award" option had such overwhelming support at the nominations stage that the category was omitted from the final ballot)
1967: Star Trek: "The Menagerie" (1966)
1968: Star Trek: "The City on the Edge of Forever" (1967)
1969: Drama: 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
1970: Dramatic: news coverage of Apollo XI
1972: A Clockwork Orange (1971)
1973: Slaughterhouse-Five (1972)
1974: Sleeper (1973)
1975: Young Frankenstein (1974) (see Frankenstein)
1976: A Boy and His Dog (1975)
1978: Star Wars (1977) (1977)
1979: Superman (1978)
1980: Alien (1979)
1981: Star Wars: Episode V – The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
1982: Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (see Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull)
1983: Blade Runner (1982)
1984: Star Wars: Episode VI – Return of the Jedi (1983)
1985: 2010 (1984)
1986: Back to the Future (1985)
1987: Aliens (1986)
1988: The Princess Bride (1987)
1989: Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
1990: Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) (see Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull)
1991: Edward Scissorhands (1990)
1992: Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
1993: Star Trek: The Next Generation: "The Inner Light" (1992)
1994: Jurassic Park (1993)
1995: Star Trek: The Next Generation: "All Good Things ..." (1994)
1996: Babylon 5: "The Coming of Shadows" (1995)
1997: Babylon 5: "Severed Dreams" (1996)
1998: Contact (1997)
1999: The Truman Show (1998)
2000: Galaxy Quest (1999)
2001: Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) (see Wuxia)
2002: The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
Dramatic presentation, long form
2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
2004: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
2005: The Incredibles (2004)
2006: Serenity (2005)
2007: Pan's Labyrinth (2006)
2008: Stardust (2007)
2009: WALL-E (2008)
2010: Moon (2009)
2011: Inception (2010)
2012: Game of Thrones Season 1 (2011)
2013: The Avengers (2012)
2014: Gravity (2013)
2015: Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)
2016: The Martian (2015)
2017: Arrival (2016)
2018: Wonder Woman (2017) (see Wonder Woman Film/TV)
Dramatic presentation, short form
2003: Buffy the Vampire Slayer: "Conversations with Dead People" (2002)
2004: Gollum's Acceptance Speech at the 2003 MTV Movie Awards (2003)
2005: Battlestar Galactica: "33" (2004)
2006: Doctor Who: "The Empty Child" (2005) and "The Doctor Dances" (2005)
2007: Doctor Who: "Girl in the Fireplace" (2006)
2008: Doctor Who: "Blink" (2007)
2009: Doctor Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008)
2010: Doctor Who: "The Waters of Mars" (2009)
2011: Doctor Who: "The Pandorica Opens" (2010) and "The Big Bang" (2010)
2012: Doctor Who: "The Doctor's Wife" (2011)
2013: Game of Thrones: "Blackwater" (2012)
2014: Game of Thrones: "The Rains of Castamere" (2013)
2015: Orphan Black: "By Means Which Have Never Yet Been Tried" (2014)
2016: Jessica Jones: "AKA Smile" (2015)
2017: The Expanse: "Leviathan Wakes" (2016)
2018: The Good Place: "The Trolley Problem" (2017)
Professional magazine to 1972
1953: (tie) Galaxy Science Fiction and Astounding Science-Fiction
1955: Astounding
1957: US, Astounding; UK, New Worlds
1958: The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction
1961: Analog
1966: If
Professional editor, 1973-2006
This category replaced the 1953-1972 award for Professional magazine; from 2007 it was divided into "long form" and "short form" awards.
1973: Ben Bova
1978: George H Scithers
1981: Edward L Ferman
1984: Shawna McCarthy
1985: Terry Carr
1986: Judy-Lynn del Rey (declined by Lester del Rey)
1988: Gardner Dozois
1994: Kristine Kathryn Rusch
2002: Ellen Datlow
2006: David G Hartwell
Professional editor, long form
2007: Patrick Nielsen Hayden
2011: Lou Anders
2012: Betsy Wollheim
2014: Ginjer Buchanan
2016: Sheila E Gilbert
2017: Liz Gorinsky
2018: Lynne M Thomas and Michael Damian Thomas
Professional editor, short form
2007: Gordon Van Gelder
2011: Sheila Williams
2013: Stanley Schmidt
Professional artist
Early versions of this award were differently named, as indicated – usually as "illustrator" but with separate illustrator and cover artist categories in 1953.
Interior Illustrator: Virgil Finlay
Cover Artist: (tie) Ed Emshwiller and Hannes Bok
1955: Illustrator: Frank Kelly Freas
1960: Illustrator: Ed Emshwiller
1962: Ed Emshwiller
1963: Roy G Krenkel
1965: John Schoenherr
1966: Frank Frazetta
1967: Jack Gaughan
1970: Frank Kelly Freas
1971: Diane and Leo Dillon
1977: Rick Sternbach
1979: Vincent Di Fate
1980: Michael Whelan
1987: Jim Burns
1990: Don Maitz
1994: Bob Eggleton
2000: Michael Eggleton
2006: Donato Giancola
2008: Stephan Martiniere
2010: Shaun Tan
2012: John Picacio
2014: Julie Dillon
2015: Abigail Larson
2018: Sana Takeda
Semiprozine
1984: Charles N Brown, editor of Locus
1993: Andrew Porter, editor of Science Fiction Chronicle
1995: David Pringle, editor of Interzone
2003: Charles N Brown, Jennifer A Hall and Kirsten Gong-Wong, editors of Locus
2005: David Langford, editor of Ansible
2006: Charles N Brown, Kirsten Gong-Wong and Liza Groen Trombi, editors of Locus
2009: Ann VanderMeer and Stephen H Segal, editors of Weird Tales
2010: Neil Clarke, Sean Wallace and Cheryl Morgan, editors of Clarkesworld
2012: Kirsten Gong-Wong and Liza Groen Trombi, editors of Locus
2013: Neil Clarke, Jason Heller, Sean Wallace and Kate Baker, editors of Clarkesworld
2014: John Joseph Adams, editor of Lightspeed
2016: Lynne M Thomas & Michael Damian Thomas, Michi Trota, and Erika Ensign & Steven Schapansky, Uncanny Magazine
2017: Lynne M Thomas & Michael Damian Thomas, Michi Trota, Julia Rios, and Erika Ensign & Steven Schapansky, Uncanny Magazine
This category was temporarily dropped in 1958.
1955: James V Taurasi and Ray Van Houten, editors of Fantasy Times
1956: Ron Smith, editor of Inside and Science Fiction Advertiser (combining the fanzines Inside and Science Fiction Advertiser)
1957: James V Taurasi, Ray Van Houten and Frank Prieto, editors of Science Fiction Times (see Fantasy Times)
1959: Terry Carr and Ron Ellik, editors of Fanac
1960: F M and Elinor Busby, Burnett Toskey and Wally Weber, editors of Cry of the Nameless (see Cry)
1961: Earl Kemp, "Who Killed Science Fiction?"
1962: Richard Bergeron, editor of Warhoon
1963: Richard and Pat Lupoff, editors of Xero
1964: George H Scithers, editor of Amra
1965: Robert and Juanita Coulson, editors of Yandro
1966: Camille Cazedessus Jr, editor of ERB-dom
1967: Ed Meskys and Felice Rolfe, editors of Niekas
1969: Richard E Geis, editor of Science Fiction Review
1971: Charlie and Dena Brown, editors of Locus
1973: Michael Glicksohn and Susan Wood Glicksohn, editors of Energumen
1974: (tie) Andrew Porter, editor of Algol, and Richard E Geis, editor of The Alien Critic
1975: Richard E Geis, editor of The Alien Critic
1984: Mike Glyer, editor of File 770
1986: George "Lan" Laskowski, editor of Lan's Lantern
1988: Pat Mueller, editor of Texas SF Enquirer
1990: Leslie Turek, editor of The Mad 3 Party
1992: Rich and Nicki Lynch, editors of Mimosa
1995: Dave Langford, editor of Ansible
2004: Cheryl Morgan, editor of Emerald City
2005: Alison Scott, Steve Davies and Mike Scott, editors of Plokta
2007: Lee Hoffman, Geri Sullivan, and Randy Byers, editors of Science-Fiction Five-Yearly
2009: John Klima, editor of Electric Velocipede
2010: Tony C Smith, editor of StarShipSofa
2011: Christopher J Garcia and James Bacon, editors of The Drink Tank
2012: John DeNardo, editor of SF Signal
2013: John DeNardo, J P Frantz and Patrick Hester, editors of SF Signal
2014: Aidan Moher, editor of A Dribble of Ink
2015: James Bacon, Christopher J Garcia, Colin Harris, Alissa McKersie and Helen J Montgomery, editors of Journey Planet
2017: Clare, Ira, Jodie, KJ, Renay, and Susan, editors of Lady Business
Fan writer
1967: Alexei Panshin
1968: Ted White
1969: Harry Warner Jr
1970: Bob (Wilson) Tucker
1971: Richard E Geis
1974: Susan Wood
1977: (tie) Richard E Geis and Susan Wood
1979: Bob Shaw
1984: Mike Glyer
1985: David Langford
2008: John Scalzi
2009: Cheryl Morgan
2010: Frederik Pohl
2011: Claire Brialey
2012: Jim C Hines
2013: Tansy Rayner Roberts
2014: Kameron Hurley
2015: Laura J Mixon
2017: Abigail Nussbaum
2018: Sarah Gailey
Fan artist
1968: George Barr
1969: Vaughn Bodé
1970: Tim Kirk
1971: Alicia Austin
1975: William Rotsler
1977: Phil Foglio
1980: Alexis Gilliland
1981: Victoria Poyser
1986: joan hanke-woods (1945-2013)
1987: Brad W Foster
1989: (tie) Brad W Foster and Diana Gallagher Wu
1990: Stu Shiffman
1991: Teddy Harvia
1992: Brad Foster
1993: Peggy Ranson
1998: Joe Mayhew
1999: Ian Gunn
2003: Sue Mason
2004: Frank Wu
2012: Maurine Starkey
2013: Galen Dara
2014: Sarah Webb
2015: Elizabeth Leggett
2016: Steve Stiles
2018: Geneva Benton
Fancast
Introduced in 2012.
2012: Elizabeth Bear, Paul Cornell, Seanan McGuire, Lynne M Thomas and Catherynne M Valente, presenters, SF Squeecast (see Audiozines)
2013: Elizabeth Bear, Paul Cornell, Seanan McGuire, Lynne M Thomas and Catherynne M Valente, presenters, and David McHone-Chase, technical producer, SF Squeecast (see Audiozines)
2014: John DeNardo, editor of SF Signal Podcast
2015: Alisa Krasnostein, Alexandra Pierce, Tansy Rayner Roberts (presenters) and Andrew Finch (producer), for Galactic Suburbia Podcast
2017: Emma Newman with Peter Newman (presenters), Tea and Jeopardy
2018: Mur Lafferty and Matt Wallace (presenters), Ditch Diggers
Other Hugo awards:
Early experiments
#1 Fan personality: Forrest J Ackerman
Excellence in fact articles: Willy Ley
New sf author or artist: Philip José Farmer
Feature writer: Willy Ley
Best or most promising new author: Robert Silverberg
Book reviewer: Damon Knight
1958: Most outstanding actifan (active fan): Walter A Willis
1959: Best or most promising new author: no award (Brian Aldiss, as the highest-voted author finalist, received a plaque: see also Special Committee Awards below)
1966: Best all-time series: Isaac Asimov, Foundation series
Publisher 1964-1965
1964: Ace Books
1965: Ballantine Books
Other forms 1988
Awarded once during the era of the Hugo for Nonfiction, this prefigured the wider category of Related book/work which replaced Nonfiction.
Original artwork 1992-1996
A 1990 presentation to Don Maitz for best original artwork, though nominated and voted for alongside the Hugos proper and often cited as a Hugo, was strictly speaking a committee award – see below.
1992: Michael Whelan, cover for The Summer Queen (1991) by Joan D Vinge, published by Warner Questar
1993: James Gurney, Dinotopia (1992), published by Turner
1994: Stephen Hickman, Space Fantasy Commemorative Stamp Booklet, published by the US Postal Service
1995: Brian Froud and Terry Jones, Lady Cottington's Pressed Fairy Book (1994), published by Pavilion
1996: James Gurney, Dinotopia: The World Beneath (1995), published by Turner
Web site 2002/2005
This category has twice been awarded on an experimental basis, as the one extra Hugo which each Worldcon is allowed to add for the present year only.
2002: Mark R Kelly, editor/webmaster, Locus Online
2005: Ellen Datlow, editor, and Craig Engler, general manager, Sci Fiction
Special Committee Awards
These non-Hugo awards, usually taking the form of a plaque rather than the traditional rocket, have been given from time to time by the current Worldcon committee. They are not generally voted on by the membership at large; the experimental 1990 award for Best Original Artwork was an exception, being nominated and voted for by the convention membership as an extra "not a Hugo" category on the Hugo ballot.
1955: Lou Tabakow; Sam Moskowitz
1959: Brian Aldiss, as highest-voted author finalist for the best or most promising new author Hugo, the actual winner being "no award"
1960: Hugo Gernsback, for being "The Father of Science Fiction"
1962: Cele Goldsmith, for Amazing Stories; Fritz Leiber; Donald H Tuck, for A Handbook of Science Fiction and Fantasy (1954; rev 1959 2vols)
1963: Isaac Asimov, for science articles in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction; P Schuyler Miller, for book reviews in Analog
1967: CBS Television, for 21st Century
1968: Harlan Ellison, for Dangerous Visions; Gene Roddenberry, for Star Trek
1969: Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin Aldrin, for the Moon landing
1972: Club du Livre d'Anticipation; Harlan Ellison, for Again, Dangerous Visions (anth 1972); Nueva Dimensión (see Spain)
1973: Pierre Versins, for L'Encyclopédie de l'Utopie et de la science fiction ["Encyclopedia of Utopia and SF"] (1972)
1974: Chesley Bonestell for artwork
1975: Walt Lee and Bill Warren, for Reference Guide to Fantastic Films: Volume 1 A-F (1972), Volume 2 G-O (1973) and Volume 3 P-Z (1974); Donald A Wollheim, for DAW Books
1976: James Gunn, for Alternate Worlds: The Illustrated History of Science Fiction (1975)
1977: George Lucas, for Star Wars
1981: Edward L Ferman, for The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction
1982: Mike Glyer, for File 770
1984: Larry T Shaw; Robert Bloch
1988: The Science Fiction Oral History Association
1989: Alex Schomburg, for artwork; SF-Lovers Digest
1990: Don Maitz, cover for Rimrunners (1989) by C J Cherryh, published by Warner. This was a trial run for the Hugo for Best Original Artwork.
1991: Elst Weinstein; Andrew I Porter, for Science Fiction Chronicle
1993: Takumi Shibano
1996: Forrest J Ackerman; A E van Vogt; Walt Daugherty; William Rotsler
2004: Erwin S Strauss
2005: David Pringle, for editing/publishing Interzone
2006: Betty Ballantine, for Ballantine Books; Harlan Ellison; Fred Patten (1940-2018)
2008: NESFA Press; NASA
2012: Robert E Weinberg
2015: Jay Lake
The Hugo Awards
Official Hugo logo


White bodysuit with baby blue borders on neck, sleeves and legs. Design of a flying blue airplane with orange, dark blue and white accents and dark blue, white dotted wings, and two shades of blue clouds.
White socks with baby blue clouds and airplane applique.


text:
James A. Paddock Additional Papers
PROCESSING INFORMATION:
This collection was processed with the help of generous funding from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC).
James A. Paddock Additional Papers, 1954-1988
Paddock, James A.
Papers (documents).
Kheel Center for Labor- Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library
This collection consists of the papers of James A. Paddock, former president of the Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen, documenting the industry-wide effort to curb drug and alcohol abuse in railroad operating employees.
James A. Paddock spent his entire life working in the railroad industry. After completing his education at the University of San Francisco in 1937, he entered train service as a brakeman and switchman for the Bingham and Garfield Railway, part of the Kennecott Utah Copper rail line in Salt Lake County, Utah. He was promoted to conductor in 1941. Starting in 1938, Mr. Paddock became active with the Order of Railway Conductors [ORC] as a General Committee Member. In 1948, he accepted full-time employment as Assistant to the President of the International Union, headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. In 1954, he was elected to the office of Senior Vice-President, and in 1958 to the Office of President. During his tenure as president of ORC, he served on the Presidential Railroad Commission from 1959-1961. In 1961, Mr. Paddock retired from the ORC presidency in order to seek treatment for his alcoholism.
In 1963, Mr. Paddock returned to work in the railroad industry, joining the Association of Western Railways as a Special Representative to the Law Department, working on matters where labor and management had a mutual interest, such as safety on grade crossings. He retired from active railroad employment in 1970 because of a health issue.
In 1971, Mr. Paddock began training as a counselor specializing in alcohol and drug addiction. With his new training, Mr. Paddock began to work as an independent consultant in the area of industrial programs and other aspects involving alcohol and drug related research and development in the work place. In this capacity, he assisted the Milwaukee Road, the Illinois Central, and the Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway in setting up Employee Assistance Programs [EAP] and other services designed to improve safety and operations. In 1973, he began consulting for the Federal Railroad Administration in this capacity. He took part in two major studies of alcoholism and drug abuse in the railroad industry in 1976 and 1979, conducting research and writing the reports. The 1979 report became known as the REAP report. He continued his work in this area with officers of the United Transportation Union [UTU], specifically Daniel Collins, in the 1980s. Using the EAP of the Union Pacific as their model, the UTU championed a labor- management supported program called Operation Red Block designed to help railroad operating employees with substance abuse problems and to help their co-workers know how to appropriately respond and help their fellows. A key component of these programs are the so-called "Rule G By-Pass Agreements." Rule G is the prohibition against operating while intoxicated. The By-Pass Agreements allow for voluntary self-reporting or co-worker reporting on a one time basis so that an employee might avoid serious disciplinary measures for the first offense and be put into a counseling program to address their addiction.
Mr. Paddock, in a speech he gave in 1983, called this work his avocation.
Inclusive date range: 1954-1988
Bulk dates: 1975-1988
This collection consists of the papers of James A. Paddock. The majority of the papers document his work in the 1970s and 1980s combatting drug and alcohol abuse in the railroad industry. This collection also contains some records of the Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen [ORC] and the report of the Presidential Commission on Railroads.
Of note in this collection are the records documenting the ways in which the railroad industry, both labor and management, attempted to address problems of substance abuse among its employees, in particular among its operating employees. The programs include various EAPs, including Operation: Red Block. Records documenting industry research, substance abuse research, employee training, and counselor training are found in this collection. Also found are the records of various Senate and House bills, hearings, and committees which attempt to address substance abuse issues through federal statutes and operating guidelines. The lawsuits filed by the Railway Labor Executives' Association [RLEA] in opposition to some of these proposed guidelines, such as random drug testing, on constitutional grounds. The clippings files give a broad overview of the national mood at the time, and demonstrate how some of these programs intersected with President Reagan's War on Drugs, and the disastrous consequences it had.
Of note is the correspondence sent to Daniel Collins, Assistant General Secretary and Treasurer and Director of Employee Assistance Programs for the UTU. Some of these letters humanize the individual struggles faced by railroad employees during this period. One employee wrote to Mr. Collins to discuss how the use of sniffer dogs sparked PTSD flashbacks to his time as a Prisoner of War in Germany during World War II. The speech by lawyer and recovering alcoholic J. Paul Molloy gave to the Senate in 1984 during subcommittee hearings on substance abuse in the workplace also highlights how a humane approach to these issues might be more successful than harsher disciplinary actions.
Finally, this collection contains a Betamax VHS cassette from the Union Pacific Railroad used as a training tool for Operation: Red Block and its EAP.
This collection was received, processed and described with no original order. In July 2017, the collection was re-processed, arranged and described with respect to intellectual order. The previous arrangement, with folder titles, is available upon request.
Collins, Daniel William, 1921-
Hardin, Fred A.
Molloy, J. Paul.
AFL-CIO.
Amtrak.
Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.).
Burlington Northern.
Conrail.
CSX Transportation.
Norfolk Southern.
Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen.
Railway Labor Executives' Association.
Seaboard System.
South Pacific Railroad.
Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA).
The Chessie System.
The Milwaukee Road.
The Soo Line Railway.
Union Pacific Railroad Company.
United States. Federal Railroad Administration.
United States. National Transportation Safety Board.
United States. Presidential Railroad Commission.
United Transportation Union.
Alcoholics -- Rehabilitation -- United States.
Alcoholism -- Treatment -- United States.
Alcoholism.
Collective bargaining.
Drug Abuse -- Treatment -- United States
Drug addiction.
Drug addicts -- Rehabilitation -- United States.
Employee assistance programs -- United States.
Operation Red Block.
Railroad accidents -- United States -- Prevention.
Railroad law -- United States.
Railroads -- Employees -- Drug testing
Railroads -- Employees -- Labor unions -- United States.
Railroads -- Management -- Employee participation -- United States.
Railroads -- Passenger traffic -- Government policy -- United States.
Railroads -- United States -- Rule G.
Railroads -- United States -- Safety measures.
Railroads--United States.
Recovering addicts.
United States. Federal Railroad Administration -- Rules and practice.
Papers (documents)
James A. Paddock Additional Papers #5833. Kheel Center for Labor-Management Documentation and Archives, Cornell University Library.
5148: Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen Records
5484: Railway Labor Executives' Association Records
5552: Railway Labor Executives' Association Additional Records
5139: UTU Records
"The Conductor and Brakeman." Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen. Volume 71.
Proceedings of the Forty-Sixth Grand Division. Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen.
June 16 1958. Miami Beach, Florida.
Presidential Railroad Commission Report.
February 26 1962.
"The Crew Size Dispute in the Railroad Industry" by Douglas McCabe
US Department of Transportation. Federal Railroad Administration.
"Air and Rail Labor Relations, A Judicial History of the Railway Labor Act" by John W. Gohmann.
"An Implementation Plan for Recent Legislation." (Concept Paper)
Milwaukee Railroad Restructuring Act of 1979; The Rock Island Transition Act of 1980 as amended by the Rail Deregulation Act of 1980. October 1980.
Texas Rail System Evaluation: A General Overview of Railroad Safety in Texas
Texas Transportation Institute. Texas A&M University. August 1977.
Report to the President by Emergency Board No. 209 and related
articles and correspondence re crew consist, Conrail, and railroad labor
Railroad Safety Improvement Act of 1988
United Transportation Union: Unification Agreement and Constitution
UTU Constitution, revised November 1, 1983
UTU brochures and promotional materials
UTU promotional materials for Amtrak On-Board Service Employees
UTU Correspondence re administrative matters
UTU News: volume 16, issues 11, 23, 25; vol. 18, no. 3; vol. 19, no. 5
Short Line Agreement between Kyle Railroad Company and the UTU
Includes "Rule G" By-Pass Agreement
Collins, Daniel W., UTU Asst. General Secretary: Correspondence to and Report by, in re drug and alcohol testing
Report by Dan Collins was to the Canadian Parliament o March 24, 1988.
Miscellaneous personal correspondence
A Proposal for Technical Assistance in Training
Development and Production of Alcohol Abuse Training for the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad and the Railway Labor Executives Assoc., and 12 month support for RLEA. Submitted to the Federal railroad Administration, July 25 1980.
Report on Buffalo, New York Alcoholism Conference.
May 12 1980.
Progress Report to the New England Task Force on the Feasibility of Employee Assistance Programs on New England Railroads
Final Report on New England Task Force Seminar on Alcohol Abuse. Philip C. Fedewa, Ph.D.
Report on the RLEA/EAP "Train-the-Trainer" Pilot Presentations.
The Railway Labor Executives' Assoc. Employee Assistance Program Workshop.
The Railway Labor Executives' Association Employee Assistance Program Workshop. Instructor Manual.
The Railway Labor Executives' Association. Train-the-Trainer Manual for the Employee Assistance Program Workshop.
Iowa Teaching Guide on Alcohol.
Iowa State Commission on Alcohol. 1967.
Proceedings of 1975 Conference on the Detection, Prevention and Rehabilitation of the Problem Drinking Employee in the Railroad Industry
New York State School of Industrial and Labor relations. Prepared for federal railroad Administration.
"A Survey of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs in the Railroad Industry"
November 1976. US Department of Transportation. Federal Railroad Administration.
"A Proposal to Study the Effectiveness of Railroad Alcohol and Drug Programs"
Submitted by University Research Corporation. December 30 1976.
"Counseling Alcoholic Clients. Basic Communication Skills. Trainer Manual."
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. December 1977
Training in Communication Skills. Evaluation of Pilot Program for Amtrak and Conrail Counselors
Submitted by University Research Corporation. November 1978.
Prevalence, Costs and Handling of Drinking Problems on Seven Railroads.
Submitted by University Research Corporation. Final Report. US Department of Transportation. December 1979.
Problem Drinking Among Railroad Workers: Extent, Impact, and Solutions
University Research Corporation (2 copies)
Project REAP. A Report to the Industry and supporting documents
"Preventing Alcohol and Drug Related Accidents on Railroads." T.A. Mannello, J.A. Paddock
"A Resource paper on railroad alcohol and drug abase prevention programs." J. A. Paddock
Folder contains drafts of paper
Speech by James A. Paddock on Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention in Railroad Employees and on Employee Assistant Programs
Contains biographic information
Report on Employee Prevention Programs. James A. Paddock
National Conference on Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Railroad Industry
National Planning Conference on Drugs and Alcohol Prevention in Railroad Industry - papers, drafts and correspondence
National Planning Conference on Drugs and Alcohol Prevention in Railroad Industry
Box 2 Folder 24a
National Planning Committee on Voluntary Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs [folder 1 of 2]
Box 2 Folder 24b
National Planning Committee on the Establishment of Voluntary Alcohol and Drug Use Prevention Programs
Working Group, National Planning Committee on Voluntary Alcohol and Drug Abuse Programs. Subcommittee on drugs
Working Group on EAP Counselors
Draft Standards for Accreditation of Laboratories Engaged in Urine Sample Drug Testing
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Atchison, Topeka and San Francisco Railroad anonymous questionnaire on drug testing
by University of Kansas professor
Clippings on drug and alcohol abuse and the railroad industry [folder 1 of 2]
NTSB reports on alcohol and drugs as contributing factors to railroad accidents
Transportation Secretary Elizabeth Dole and Dug and Alcohol Testing
UTU correspondence re "Rule G" implementation and by-pass agreements
Statements of J. Paul Molloy before Senate Surface Transportation Subcommittee
On voluntary alcohol abuse prevention programs
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Control of Alcohol and Drug Use in Railroad Operations
Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration. June 5,1984.
Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration. Control of Alcohol and Drug Use in Railroad Operations, Final Rule.
Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration. Correction and Amendment of Final Rule; Control of Alcohol and Drug Use in Railroad Operations
Department of Transportation, Regulations and Programs Regarding Alcohol and Drug Abuse
House and Senate Hearings on Alcohol and Drug Abuse in Transportation
Includes testimony of UTU President Fred Hardin
Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration. Informal Safety Inquiry; Control of Alcohol and Drug Use in Railroad Operations
Transportation Employee Safety and Rehabilitation Act of 1987
Requires drug and alcohol testing of employees
Testimony of James R. Snyder (RLEA) before the House Subcommittee re alcohol and drug testing
Department of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration. Railroad operating rules: random drug testing program. Final Guidelines, Amendments
H.R. 4748, "The Railroad Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 1988" and response from labor organizations and carriers
Lawsuits filed by RLEA against drug and alcohol testing of employees
Lawsuits filed by RLEA against drug and alcohol testing of employees [folder 1 of 2]
Union Pacific Railroad: Employee Assistance Program, Activity Report 1972-1988
Origin of Operation: Redblock
Union Pacific Railroad. Operation Red Block, making "Rule G" work
Betamax video cassette, TRT 16:00.
Resume of James P. Whalen, EAP counselor for Union Pacific System
Proposal to Federal Railroad Administration to Implement Operation Red Block
Operation Red Block, general correspondence
Operation Red Block Promotional Materials
stickers, flyers, posters, brochures
Operation Red Block, handouts and posters
Operation Red Block, training materials
Agreement between UTU and Union Pacific for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and Green Bay and Western Railroad Company for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and Port Terminal Railroad Assoc. and between UTU and Houston Belt and Terminal Railway Co. for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and Southern Pacific Transport Company for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and Burlington Northern for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block program
Agreement between UTU and Soo Line Railroad Company for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and Seaboard System Railroad Company for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and Conrail for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and CSX Transportation for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
Agreement between UTU and Amtrak for Rule G By-Pass and Operation: Red Block programs
UTU correspondence re carriers unwilling to agree to Operation: Red Block programs
UTU correspondence re confidentiality issues in Operation: Red Block program on Union Pacific
Operation: Red Block, clippings and press materials
Proposal for case study of Operation: Red Block by Institute for Human Resources
Operation: Red Block Research Monograph, A case study of peer drug prevention program for railroad operating personnel (draft)
"Operation Red Block, Case Study" (draft four)
"Operation: Red Block Case Study"
(3 copies)
"Using Behavioral Techniques to Improve Safety Program Effectiveness"
Data from "Operation: Road Block Case Study"
orphaned papers found in collection at time of re-foldering