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Victoria County History - Surrey
A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4
Parishes: Oxted
A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4. Originally published by Victoria County History, London, 1912.
BURSTED (Bursted, xvii cent.; Bearsted, xviii cent.).
FOYLE (Foyllye, before xiv cent.; Fuyllye, xiv cent.; La Foyle, xv cent.).
STOCKETTS.
ADVOWSON
Acstede (xi cent.); Ocstede (xiii cent.); Oxtede (xv cent.).
Oxted is a parish and village 3 miles east of Godstone and 20 miles from London. It contains 3,646 acres and measures fully 6 miles from north to south and not more than a mile and a half from east to west, and for the most part less. It is bounded on the north by Woldingham and Chelsham, on the east by Limpsfield, on the south by Crowhurst, which at the time of the Domesday Survey probably formed part of it, and on the west by Tandridge. It is of the usual type with regard to situation and soil, extending from the chalk in the north, which rises in a bold escarpment above the Weald, across the Greensands on to the Wealden Clay in the south. The views southward from the chalk are fine, and the sand hills, though rising to no great height, are broken and picturesque. The streams here flow into the Medway. There are small wayside commons called Broadham Green, Hurst Green, and Perry's Green, but there is no record of an Inclosure Act or of common fields.
Bell Inn, Oxted
An uninscribed British gold coin has been found in Oxted, and is described by Sir John Evans. (fn. 1) Some few flint flakes have also been found. North of Barrow Green House is a barrow called the Mount. It was excavated in 1869 by some members of the Surrey Archaeological Society, who found no interment, and because the natural sand rock was in the interior of the mound came rather too hastily to the conclusion that it was entirely natural. There is, however, a distinct ditch round it, showing that the sand was dug out and piled upon a natural knoll, and flint flakes of human workmanship were thrown out by the excavators. (fn. 2) The name, Barrow Green, is as old as the 16th century, and the mound is so conspicuous that long ago it may have tempted explorers, who probably threw out any remains which were there. There is no natural explanation for the loose sand being in a circular heap upon the harder sandstone unless it was piled up for some artificial purpose.
The village lies on the lower slope of the hill rising from a small stream running north and south. The church is to the north-east of the village on the west side of the road to Limpsfield. The houses are generally of brick or half-timber and in many instances the fronts of the half-timbered houses have been renewed in brick in the 18th and 19th centuries. To the south of the church is a farmhouse with some 16th-century chimney-stacks. In the village is the Crown Inn, a half-timber building much modernized, adjoining which is a row of 18th-century cottages entered from the road by a low flight of stone steps. These and the cottages lower down the hill stand high above the road, which is here in a cutting. Lower down on the same side is a two-story Georgian house with a whitewashed brick front. On the north side of the road is the George Inn, an 18th-century house of purple bricks with red-brick dressings. Eastward is a row of 18th century red-brick cottages with gardens in front. The oldest house in the village is the Bell Inn, which, though very much modernized, dates from the 16th century. It was of half-timber stuccoed over, with an over-hanging story on one side, and has lately been restored with old oak on the lines of the old half-timbering.
The National school was built in 1872, the site being given to the rector and churchwardens by the Earl of Cottenham. It was enlarged in 1902. There is an institute and reading room with a library of 500 volumes in the village.
The London, Brighton and South Coast railway line from Croydon to East Grinstead, opened in 1884, enters the parish by a tunnel under the chalk range and has a station at Oxted. The line divides into two branches in the parish, to East Grinstead and to Edenbridge respectively. The parish is generally agricultural, but since the opening of the railway line small houses and villas have begun to spring up rapidly. The Oxted Greystone Lime Company have chalk quarries and lime works in the parish.
About three-quarters of a mile south of Oxted the road to Crowhurst runs across Hurst Green. The Green is of some extent, and from the north end runs a road to Limpsfield, while at the southern extremity the main road is joined by a by-road from Tandridge. On the north side of the Green stands Sheppard's Barn, a Tudor house to which a brick front was later added. It has been recently restored, and during the alterations an original king post was found which has been used as a newel post for the new staircase. Close to this house stood a ruinous forge and an early 19th-century cottage out of the materials of which a new house called Forge Cottage was built. There are some 16th-century cottages near the railway. Cottage property is much in demand and there is a considerable amount of building now going on.
Perrysfield House is the seat of Mr. Lewis Bahr; Oxted Place of Mr. A. R. Bentley; Shrubhurst belongs to the Burdett family; Woodfield is the residence of the Rt. Hon. Sir Ralph H. Knox; Greenhurst Park of Mr. W. Clayton Palmer; Stone Hall of Mr. Metcalfe; Hammerwood of Mr. Esdaile.
Before the Conquest OXTED was held by Gida the mother of Harold. Count Eustace of Boulogne acquired it from William I, and was holding it in 1086. There was land for twenty ploughs, but the assessment had fallen from 20 hides to 4. (fn. 3)
Sub-feoffment of the manor in moieties was made at an early date by one of the count's successors. One part was held by a family who appear to have taken their name from the place. (fn. 4) In the reign of Henry III Roland of Oxted was found to be holding three knights' fees in Oxted of the honour of Boulogne, (fn. 5) and in 1278–9 another Roland, probably his son, claimed to have certain prescriptive liberties belonging to the honour in his manor of Oxted, viz. view of frankpledge, assize of bread and ale, pillory, tumbril, gallows, infangenthef, outfangenthef, waif, ancient warren in his demesne lands, and an ancient park from time beyond memory. The jurors appointed to inquire into the justice of his claims deposed that he had possessed these rights time out of mind, and that he had not usurped on the king's lordship. (fn. 6) In 1290 Roland of Oxted was summoned to Parliament as one of the knights of the shire. (fn. 7) He died in 1291 seised of the manor of Oxted, for which he owed suit at the court of Witham, (fn. 8) leaving five daughters his co-heirs. (fn. 9) The eldest daughter, Margery le Sauvage, had one son Roger, who died under age and a ward of the king in 1299; he was seised of one-fifth of the manor, part of his share being the hall of the manor, the solar and two chambers. His four aunts Alina, Clarice, Lucy and Thomasina were his heirs. (fn. 10) The following year Alina and her husband John de Hamme remitted to the Abbot of Battle 50s. rent and suit of court. (fn. 11) In 1302 Thomasina sold her share to John and Alina de Hamme. (fn. 12) John de Hamme was several times knight of the shire for Surrey. (fn. 13) In 1299 Lucy wife of John le Sauvage granted her moiety to her sister Clarice and her husband Martin Sench. (fn. 14) On the death of Martin, Clarice married Roger de Wellesworth, and in 1312 a settlement was made on them and their heirs. (fn. 15) In 1316 John de Hamme and Alina settled their share of the manor (with the exception of the service of the Abbot of Battle above mentioned) on themselves for their lives, with remainders to Clarice widow of Roger de Wellesworth for life, and to her son Roger and his heirs, with contingent remainder to John her second son and John and Roland Sench, the sons by her first marriage. (fn. 16) Alina died in 1325 (fn. 17) and Clarice inherited her share. (fn. 18) She probably died before 1341, as in that year Roger and John de Wellesworth, the sons of her second marriage, released all their right and claim in the manor of Oxted to Robert de Stangrave, kt., and his wife Joan, (fn. 19) who granted the reversion to Reginald de Cobham of Sterborough, kt., and Joan his wife and the heirs of Reginald, (fn. 20) Reginald granting that for a year and a day after the death of Robert and Joan their executors should have the manor with administration of the goods and chattels and fruits of the lands. (fn. 21) John Sench, son of Clarice and Martin, had previously released his right in one quarter of the manor and the reversion of another part after Clarice's death to John Brutyn, probably a trustee for Stangrave. (fn. 22) Joan died before 1359, when Sir Robert de Stangrave and his wife Idonia were holding Oxted. (fn. 23) Robert died seised the following year. (fn. 24) The other half of the manor (see above) was held of the honour of Boulogne by Henry de Cornhill of London, (fn. 25) who died about 1195–6. Through his daughter Joan, who married a Hugh de Nevill, it came to the Nevills of Essex. (fn. 26) Manning and Bray's statement that it passed with Joan daughter of Hugh de Nevill to the Cobhams is evidently wrong, as in 1359 Sir John de Nevill of Essex held four knights' fees in Oxted and elsewhere. (fn. 27) Before this date the Nevills subinfeudated this land to the Oxted family, who held the other half, (fn. 28) so that the holding became part of the latter's manor of Oxted, distinguishable only by the tenure.
Sir Reginald Cobham died seised of the manor in 1361. (fn. 29) His widow Joan died in 1369 (fn. 30); her son Reginald was her heir. (fn. 31) In 1408–9 Reginald (son of the last-named Reginald, who died in 1403) granted the manor, apparently in trust for his wife Elizabeth Colepeper, to Thomas Colepeper and others. (fn. 32) His eldest son Reginald predeceased him, leaving an only daughter Margaret, wife of Ralph Earl of Westmorland. (fn. 33) The manor was settled on the earl and his wife with remainder to Thomas Cobham, Margaret's uncle and heir. (fn. 34) Margaret died in 1460, leaving no children, (fn. 35) and her husband held the manor until his death in 1485, when it passed to Anne, only child and heir of Thomas Cobham, (fn. 36) who had married Sir Edward Burgh. She died in 1526, and her husband, who 'became distracted of memorie,' died two years later, leaving a son and heir Thomas, afterwards Lord Burgh. (fn. 37) William the son of Thomas Lord Burgh, who succeeded his father in 1550, (fn. 38) sold the manor in 1578 to John Reade, (fn. 39) who in 1587 conveyed it to Charles Hoskins, citizen and merchant tailor of London. (fn. 40) For the next two centuries it remained in the Hoskins family, descending in direct male line. (fn. 41) In 1768 Charles Hoskins died, leaving an only daughter Susannah, (fn. 42) who died childless, her aunt Katherine, wife of Legh Master, being her heir. Mrs. Master died in 1807, and her son, the Rev. Legh Hoskins Master, succeeded. (fn. 43) His descendant, Mr. Charles Hoskins Master, is now lord of the manor. Oxted Court, the old manor-house, is now occupied as a farm, and called Oxted Court Farm. Barrow Green House is considered the manor-house.
Two mills are mentioned in the Domesday Survey (fn. 44) and three in the inquisition on Roland of Oxted, 1291–2. (fn. 45) It appears that two of the mills had been alienated from the manor before 1689, when they were in the possession of Thomas Causton. (fn. 46) In 1712 only one is mentioned (fn. 47) as appurtenant to the manor.
Hoskins Party gules and azure a cheveron engrailed or between three lions argent.
Master. Azure a fesse battled between three griffons' heads razed or.
BARROW GREEN (Barowe, xvi cent.) was a capital messuage belonging to Richard Moushurst in the beginning of the 16th century; he enfeoffed Walter Vitull, who refused to make an estate to the son Thomas Moushurst. (fn. 48) In 1621 William Albany died seised of it, having settled it the previous year on Sir Robert Albany in trust for his wife and younger children. (fn. 49) It seems to have been acquired shortly afterwards by Charles Hoskins, who died in 1657, for the epitaphs of two of his children in Oxted Church describe him as of Barrow Green. (fn. 50) It continued to be the family seat of the Hoskins and Hoskins Master family till recently. It is still the property of Mr. Hoskins Master, but is now let to Mr. W. B. McGrath.
The house called Barrow Green, on the opposite side of the road from the barrow which gives it its name, is a three-storied house of red brick of the early 17th century, but much modernized by 18th-century sash and bay-windows, inserted when the interior was much altered and the staircase remodelled. In the early 19th century further alterations of a similar character were made, and recently some additions have been made to the house, which is of the [square-cornered capital-letter U-shaped] type, with a centre facing south and eastern and western projections. In the centre part is a large hall with large rooms on either side. The east wing contains living and bedrooms, and the west the kitchen and offices with bedrooms over. Behind the hall are the principal stairs. The south drawing-room, originally the hall, retains some of its old panelling. The fireplace opening is of stone with a straight-sided four-centred head and moulded jambs. The carved oak mantelpiece, though somewhat tampered with, seems to be in the main of original date. The shelf is supported by nude figures, and the 18th-century centre-piece is carved with the arms of Hoskins, party palewise, a cheveron engrailed between three lions, with the crest of a cock's head, and above it are the royal arms as borne by the Stuarts. In the niches on either side of the centre-piece are small allegerical female figures. The side-pieces are surmounted by pairs of fretwork obelisks with scroll-work between. At about two-thirds of the height of the walls is an entablature, supported at intervals, where left untouched, by fluted pilasters of a Doric character, but much mutilated by 18th-century alterations. Above the entablature are arched panels with grotesque telamones. The whole panelling of the room is painted and grained, making it difficult to distinguish between the old work and the new. The whole of the south front appears to have been refaced in the 18th century. The present entrance hall is on the east front, but probably did not become the principal entrance till the 18th century. In its north wall is an elaborate mantelpiece of Jacobean design, painted and grained and much restored. The panelling here is of the same type as in the drawing-room. The principal stairs are a good example of early 18th-century work, with elaborate balusters and carved spandrel brackets. The floors of this and the entrance hall are paved with large squares of stone with small lozenges of white marble between.
Barrow Green, Oxted, from the South-east
The entrance to the back stairs from the lobby behind the drawing-room still retains its original moulded parts, head and three-panel door. The stairs themselves appear to be of mid-17th-century date; the rails are supported by stout widely spaced balusters. The dining-room has good 18th-century panelling. The fireplace has a bold oak architrave. The kitchen still retains its original openjoisted ceiling. The bedroom over the library on the first floor has an original stone fireplace with moulded four-centred head and jambs. The bedrooms over the drawing-room and dining-room have also original stone fireplaces of a more Renaissance character. The bedrooms in the eastern wing have 18th-century panelling. In the room at the northern end of this wing is a fine grate of Adam type. The second or attic floor is contained within the roof, which is gabled at the east and west ends. Here some original detail survives, in particular the doorway and door of a room at the north-west of the main block. The eastern entrance front still possesses its original triple gables with octagonal finials and moulded brick parapet; the chimney-stacks with their diagonal shafts rising between the gables help to maintain, in spite of subsequent alterations, the predominating Jacobean character of this elevation. Against the west gable of the main block, but placed to the south of its apex, is a chimney-stack with three diagonal shafts, the combination forming a picturesque feature. The roofs throughout are tiled. Portions of the garden wall running northwards from the north end of the east wing are of narrow 17th-century bricks. On the south front of the house are a modern flagged terrace and formal garden.
A grant to Katherine Duchess of Bedford for life of the 'manor of Oxted which was of the late Duke of Buckingham, her former husband' was made in 1485. (fn. 51) This must refer to the lands in Oxted which he held and his son after him (fn. 52); but there is no further trace of this estate as a manor. It is probably represented by the district called Staffords' Wood and Staffords' Heath.
—In 1283 William of Oxted granted to the Prior and convent of Tandridge 1 carucate of land of the fee of Roland of Oxted. (fn. 53) At the time of its dissolution the priory owned farms and rents in Oxted to the value of £11 12s. 3d., (fn. 54) and courts were held there by the priors. (fn. 55) After the Dissolution this manor appears as the manor of Bursted or Oxted. It was granted in tail-male to John Reade, (fn. 56) who died in 1545. (fn. 57) His son John sold the manor in 1576 to Richard Bostock, (fn. 58) who in the following year sold it to Edward Johnson. (fn. 59) In 1582 Johnson conveyed it to Richard Hayward of Oxted. (fn. 60) He in his lifetime conveyed it to his son Henry, (fn. 61) who settled it in 1592 on his wife Katherine with remainder to his son John. (fn. 62) John settled it in 1613 on his (second) wife Elizabeth Watts, daughter of William Angell, for life, with remainder to his heirs male; but apparently with the intention of disinheriting his eldest son by his first marriage, Humphrey, who had 'always been a disobedient child,' he made a fresh settlement in 1630, giving Bursted, after the death of Elizabeth, to John the second son of his first marriage, with remainder to William the eldest son of his second marriage. (fn. 63) He died on 1 March 1630–1, and his widow held a court here in 1641. (fn. 64) In 1649 she with Sir William Hayward and John made a fresh settlement of the estate; it was confirmed to her for her life unless her son died before she did, in which case the manor was to be the jointure of Martha, the wife of Sir William, and it was limited to Sir William and his heirs male. (fn. 65)
Plan of Barrow Green, Oxted
In 1681 Sir William sold the manor to John Burrough, (fn. 66) who in 1691 conveyed it to Michael Edwards of Kingston. He in 1696 devised it by will to his nephew Sir James Edwards, bart., in tail male. (fn. 67) Sir James was succeeded in 1702 by his son James, who in 1708 suffered a recovery (fn. 68) and in 1713 sold the estate, according to Manning and Bray, to Sir Joseph Jekyll, who died in 1738, leaving no issue. He devised all his, real estate to twelve of his relations; a decree was passed for the sale of his estates, but it was not until 1753 that the sale was effected, and this manor was sold to John Godfrey of Limpsfield, (fn. 69) who dying in 1757 devised it by will to Marmaduke Hilton, a London merchant. He left it in 1768 to Vincent Biscoe, who devised it to his second son Vincent Hilton Biscoe. (fn. 70) It was purchased by Sir William Weller Pepys, bart., (fn. 71) who died unmarried in 1845, his heir being his brother, created Earl of Cottenham. The third Earl of Cottenham, who died in 1881, was still holding it.
Hayward. Sable two bars argent with a talbot argent passant in the chief.
The manor of BROADHAM (Brodham, xvi cent.) is found in the 14th century in the possession of Battle Abbey, (fn. 72) having been probably included in the grant of Limpsfield made to that abbey by William I. It seems to have been granted by Battle to the priory of Tandridge, for in 1535 it was in the occupation of the Prior of Tandridge, who paid 12d. rent to Battle. (fn. 73) It was granted with Limpsfield in 1538 to Sir John Gresham, (fn. 74) who died seised 23 October 1556. (fn. 75) He devised it by will to his eldest son William, (fn. 76) who died in 1579 (fn. 77) and left the manor to his younger son Thomas in tail-male. (fn. 78) Thomas, who was knighted at Whitehall before the king's coronation, 23 July 1603, (fn. 79) received a confirmation of the manor in 1615. (fn. 80) He died in 1632, having in 1630 settled the manor on his second son John (fn. 81) and his wife Elizabeth. (fn. 82) This John, who is described on his tomb as 'an obedient son of the Church of England, a loyal subject of his sovereign,' (fn. 83) died in 1643 without issue, and his brother Sir Edward was his heir. (fn. 84) Sir Edward's son Marmaduke was created a baronet 31 July 1660. (fn. 85) In 1664 he suffered a recovery of the manor, (fn. 86) and by his will dated 14 January 1695 he devised it with other manors to his daughter Alice and his second son Charles on trust to raise money for the payment of certain debts and legacies, subject to which he left the estates to them and their heirs as joint tenants. (fn. 87) They sold part of the estates and paid the debts, and in the partition of the remainder the manor of Broadham (with certain privileges named, goods and chattels of felons, deodands, treasure-trove, &c.) fell to Alice. (fn. 88) She died unmarried 30 January 1716–17, (fn. 89) having devised the manor to her brother William Gresham of Limpsfield. (fn. 90) In 1719 William conveyed it to John Blundell of Godstone. (fn. 91) William Hoskins, lord of the manor of Oxted, brought a suit against John Blundell in 1730 for payment of rent for lands he owned in Oxted. John Blundell denied that they were parcel of the manor and liable for the payment of quit-rent. (fn. 92) John's brother and heir died intestate in 1753, and the manor was divided among his three heirs-at-law. (fn. 93) The shares passed through several hands until five-sixths of the manor, partly by devise and partly by purchase, became vested in Admiral Sir Richard Hughes, bart., on whose death Mr. Bryant, who had in 1796 purchased one-sixth, became sole possessor. He surrendered it to the executors of the Duke of Norfolk, who had a mortgage on it, and from them it was purchased by Colonel Clayton. After his death it was sold to Edward Kelsey, (fn. 94) in whose family it still remains.
—In 1270–1 Nicholas de Basyng and Isabel his wife granted to Richard le Gras the sixth part of 3 carucates of land in Oxted and Limpsfield to be held of Nicholas and Isabel and the heirs of Isabel by the rent of one clove gillyflower yearly. (fn. 95) Manning in his History of Surrey. (fn. 96) says that by an undated deed Richard le Gras, the son of Roger, granted to Geoffrey de Belpisond all his manor of Foyle with all his lands and tenements in Oxted and Limpsfield. Whether this was in trust is not clear. A Roger le Gras died in 1304, leaving a brother Nicholas, (fn. 97) but the manor next appears in the possession of John de Watesham, who in 1362 granted to William de Staffhurst his manor of Foyle, and in 1384 Margaret widow of the said John released her dower and all claim therein to William de Staffhurst, Roger Stalkyndon and others. In 1396 Roger quitclaimed the manor to John at Halle and Joan his wife, daughter and co-heir of William de Staffhurst, and to John Marchant and Margaret his wife and to William Marchant and Catherine his wife. (fn. 98) Margaret and Catherine are not described as daughters of Staffhurst, but they undoubtedly were so. In 1401 John Marchant granted to Stephen atte Lee and Simon Dane all the lands in Oxted which he had by feoffment of Stalkyndon, (fn. 99) and in 1406 John atte Halle and his wife quitclaimed their share to Stephen. (fn. 100) Atte Lee and Dane in 1420 granted to Sir John Gainsford and others in trust for him all lands, rents, services, &c., in Oxted called La Foyle. Four years later all the parties except Gainsford reconveyed to Atte Lee, and in 1426 Gainsford conveyed to him, reserving a road to his mill at Crowhurst and a rent of 22s. (fn. 101)
A William atte Lee appears to have mortgaged the manor to John Harling. (fn. 102) Later, at the end of the 16th or beginning of the 17th century it belonged to William Harling of Oxted, from whom it was purchased by Robert Lord Buckhurst, (fn. 103) who seems to have been acting for his father Thomas Earl of Dorset. (fn. 104) The latter died seised in 1608; Robert died within a year after, and his son Richard succeeded to his title and estates. (fn. 105) In 1615 Richard, with Anne his wife and Cecilia the widow of Thomas Earl of Dorset, conveyed the manor to Francis Goston, (fn. 106) who in 1628 died seised holding the manor of Charles Hoskins as of his manor of Oxted. (fn. 107) Francis his son and heir suffered a recovery in 1636, settling it on his wife Ann, (fn. 108) and died in 1642, leaving a son Francis, aged five years. (fn. 109)
Later the manor seems to have been conveyed to Anthony Farindon of Lingfield, whose son James sold it to Thomas Streatfield. (fn. 110) He devised it in 1786 to his wife for her life, with remainder to Henry Streatfield of Chiddingstone in Kent. The widow and Henry conveyed it to John Wells, a banker of Wigmore in Bromley. On his bankruptcy in 1841 it was sold to William Leveson-Gower of Titsey. (fn. 111)
—In 1299 among the tenants of Roger le Sauvage, grandson of Roland of Oxted, is mentioned John atte Stockett. (fn. 112) In 1310 Robert de Langenhurst and Alice his wife quitclaimed to John atte Stockett and Matilda his wife for themselves and the heirs of Alice one messuage and 50 acres of land with 3s. 5d. rent in Oxted and Limpsfield. (fn. 113) John atte Stockett is among the witnesses to a deed of Richard atte Lee in 1321. (fn. 114) In 1345 John Stockett granted to Sir Robert Stangrave and Dame Joan his wife land lying between their wood on one part and the Abbot of Battle's manor (Broadham) on the other. Roger son and heir of John Stockett was a ward of the lord of the manor of Oxted; the bailiff charged, as paid for his commons going to school, 10d. a week for thirty weeks, and 11d. paid for cloth for one pair of hose, 1d. for sewing and 10d. for two pairs of shoes. (fn. 115) John Stockett (probably a son of Roger) granted 'the manor of Stocketts' to John Alye and another in trust for himself and his heirs; his son John died before 1471 and left an only daughter Denise, wife of Robert Chapell. (fn. 116) She left three daughters, co-heirs, viz. Elizabeth, who married John Gens, Alice wife of John Ownstead and Joan wife of William Banaster. They made partition of the estate in 1515. (fn. 117) By the year 1577 William Banaster's share had come into the hands of William Causten; James Gens held a third, consisting of the manor-house and 34 acres, and John Ownstead held a third. Causten's share was still in the possession of his descendants in 1690. (fn. 118)
The estate is now represented by the farm called Stocketts. It came into the possession of the Hoskins family, and was sold by the late Mr. Hoskins Master to Mr. McNiven. The house, which stands back from the east side of the Crowhurst road, is a small Elizabethan house, the property of Mr. Young, and is now used as a farm-house. It is of L plan and faces east, with a south wing projecting westwards, which appears to be a 17th-century addition. The whole house is much modernized. It is two stories high; the older part is of brick with stone window dressings and has a stone-slated roof, but the south wing is of half-timber and brick construction and is roofed with tiles. The windows in the front wall of the north wing are original and of five mullioned lights; those of the bedrooms on the first floor on the east retain a considerable amount of their original glazing.
To the south-west of the building are a small pond and the old stone malt-house.
The church of ST. MARY consists of a chancel, nave, north aisle with a modern north transept, a south aisle, a west tower and a south porch. It is built of rubble with chalk dressings.
The church appears to have been built about the middle of the 12th century, but the only parts of the original building now remaining are portions of the nave walls and the ground-stage of the tower. Late in the century the aisles and tower were added, and about the year 1250 the chancel was rebuilt. In the early part of the 14th century further alterations were made, the aisles being widened and new windows inserted throughout the chancel, while a little before the middle of the next century new arcades were built into the nave, the walls being at the same time heightened and the south porch erected. From the date 1637 placed in the east gable of the chancel the church apparently underwent a restoration in the 17th century, but no structural alterations were made to the building from the time of the insertion of the 15th-century arcade until 1877, when it was completely renovated and re-roofed and enlarged by the addition of the north transept.
The chancel walls have been plastered externally, but on the north and south walls much of this has worn off. The east wall was apparently cemented over in the 17th century. At the east end of the chancel the north and south walls have been projected to form two-stage buttresses, and the east wall has been treated in a similar manner. The buttress at the east end of the north wall is considerably restored, while an entirely modern one in two stages has been built between the windows in the south wall. The east window is modern and of four cinquefoiled lights, with an elaborate traceried head. It was probably copied from the previous one, and may contain some old stones.
In the north wall of the chancel are two 14th-century windows, each of two trefoiled lights with a quatrefoil under a pointed head, with a ribbed rear arch and internal moulded labels. In the east end of this wall is a 13th-century Easter sepulchre with moulded jambs and drop arch. In the west end of the wall is a 13th or 14th-century pointed archway, opening to a passage into the north aisle. The south wall is lighted by two two-light windows similar to and of the same date as those in the wall opposite. They are much decayed, and the mullion of the westernmost one has been completely restored. Under the sill of the first window is a 13th-century pointed piscina with a shelf. The basin and hood moulding have been cut off flush with the wall. To the west of the second window, behind the backs of the quire stalls, is a pointed priest's doorway with segmental rear arch, now opening into the modern organ chamber. West of this is a pointed recess with a ribbed rear arch. In the back of it are two four-centred trefoiled lights under a square head. The chancel arch spans the full width of the chancel, and is of the 14th century. Built into the north wall towards the east end of the chancel is an iron ring, from which possibly hung the Lenten veil.
Plan of Oxted Church
The nave is in three bays with tall four-centred arches of two double ogee orders, separated by a deep casement. The piers are of three-quarter shafts having moulded capitals and bases, the abaci and plinths of which are octagonal, attached to each face of an inner square having hollow-chamfered angles. The outer order of the arches is continuous to the responds. In the walls to the east of the east respond can be seen the responds and the springers of the arches of the small 13th-century arcades. The responds had angle shafts with capitals carved with stiff-leaved foliage and moulded attic bases. The whole angle shafts, with capital and base, can be seen on the north side of the north-east respond and on the south side of the pier opposite. High up in the east end of the wall of the south arcade is a threecentred rood opening, the stairs up to it being entered through a four-centred 15th-century doorway in the north-east corner of the south aisle.
In the east wall of the north aisle is a 14th-century window of two trefoiled ogee lights with a quatrefoil under a pointed head having a ribbed rear arch and internal hood mould. In the north wall are two large pointed windows, each of two lights, the tracery of which is entirely modern, though the jambs are old. Between these windows is a pointed arch opening into the modern north transept; in the west wall is a single cinquefoiled light of 14th-century date with splayed inner jamb. Its external hood mould has been cut off. In the wall to the east of the east respond of the nave arcade is a small piscina, the basin of which has been broken.
A 14th-century window similar to that in the east wall of the north aisle, and formerly in a similar position in the south aisle, has been reset in the east wall of the organ chamber. The south aisle is lighted from the south by two large pointed windows filled in with modern tracery, though the jambs are old and were apparently set in an older wall. In the west wall is a two-light 16th-century square-headed window having a segmental rear arch. Between the windows in the south wall is an early 14th-century pointed doorway having continuously moulded outer jambs and a segmental rear arch. In the wall immediately over the doorway is a square-headed niche, and by the east jamb is a mutilated holy water stoup. The porch covering this doorway is of the 15th century. In the spandrels of the south arch are quatrefoil panels containing small escutcheons of Cobham. The south wall is carried up into a pointed gable and projects beyond the side walls to form buttresses to the entrance archway, above which is a small 15th-century image niche having continuously moulded jambs. The buttresses have been considerably restored, the east one having been almost entirely rebuilt in brick. Set against the east buttresses is a sun-dial placed on a baluster pedestal. It was erected in 1815, as stated on a slab built into the wall above the dial. The roof is modern and is covered with stone slates.
The tower is externally in one stage, being undivided by any string courses, and is surmounted by a modern embattled parapet. Built against the north and south walls inside the tower are 18th-century galleries, with a staircase of that date in the north-west corner leading up to the bell-chamber. The tower arch is pointed and of two chamfered orders; the inner one stops at the springing, but the outer order is continuous. Lighting the bottom stage from the north is a small lancet having an external rebate for a shutter and wide inner splays. In the south wall is a similar light with a round head, and in the west wall above a much-decayed pointed doorway of two continuous hollow-chamfered orders, which originally had a moulded label, now completely gone, is a three-light modern window set in old jambs. Lighting the ringing stage from the west is a small trefoiled light of late 15th-century date, while in the north, south and west walls of the bell-chamber are modern two-light windows.
The north transept is of freestone, and has a gallery approached from the inside by a wooden stair, and externally by a flight of stone steps built against the north wall of the aisle.
The roofs throughout the building are modern. Both the font and pulpit are modern, but many of the pews are of 18th-century date. An 18th-century communion table now stands in the tower. In the four central lights in the head of the east window are some fragments of 14th-century stained glass portraying the symbolical representations of the four Evangelists holding scrolls on which are written in Lombardic capitals 'Johan,' 'Marc,' 'Lucas,' and 'Matheus,' respectively.
On the Easter sepulchre are traces of colour decoration. The south door is a fine example of late 14th-century woodwork. The lower part is in six panels, the four centre ones having trefoiled ogee heads, while the upper part is occupied by vertical tracery. In the heads of the four central lower panels are small masks, now much worn, the outer being bearded faces, the inner those of women wearing the characteristic head-dress of the period.
In the north transept is a curious iron chest, probably of the 15th century, in the lid of which is a remarkable locking mechanism. It bears traces of elaborate painted decoration. In the churchyard against the south wall of the chancel are two old grave-slabs. Both have a plain cross extending the full length of the slab carved on them, and are probably not later than the 12th century in date.
In the floor of the chancel is a brass with the following black letter inscription: 'Hic jacet Joh[anne]s page quond[am] Rector hujus Eccl[esie] | qui obiit xiio die mense Julii Anno d[omin]i Millõ. | ccccoxxviii cuius a[nimae] propicietur ds Amen.' Above the inscription is the lower part of the figure of a priest, broken across the middle, in mass vestments. Another brass in the floor of the chancel is inscribed in black letters: 'Orate Pro Anima Johanne Haselden que obiit xxio Die | Mensis Octobris Anno Domini Millimo cccc Octoagesimo (sic) Cuius Anime Propicietur Deus Ame.' Above the inscription is the figure of a lady dressed in the costume of the period with her hands in prayer, while above her head is the matrix for a shield. Below the inscription are the matrices of figures of two children. The figure of the righthand child still exists from the waist downwards.
On the south wall of the chancel is a brass inscribed 'Here lyeth enterred the body of Thomas Hoskins | Gent second sonne of Sr Thomas Hoskins Knight who | deceased ye 10th day of Aprill Ao Dñi: 1611. att ye age of | 5 yeares who aboute a quarter of an houre before | his depture did of himselfe without any instruction | speake thes wordes . . . & leade us not into temptatiõ | but deliver us from all evile . . . being ye last words | he spake. Here also lyeth enterred ye body I of Thomas Hoskins gent: the fifte sonne of Sr | Thomas Hoskins Knight who deceased the 13th of | March Ao 1611 beinge halfe A yeare of age.' Above this inscription are the brass figures of a 16th-century woman and small girl.
Another brass on the south wall of the chancel has the following inscription: 'Here lyeth interred the body of John | Hoskins the fourth sonne of Sr Thomas | Hoskins Knight who dyed the XIXth day of |, July Ao Dñi 1613 | beinge of ye age of V yeres.' Above the inscription is the brass figure of a boy.
On the north wall of the chancel is an elaborate mural monument to John Aldersey, haberdasher and merchant adventurer of London (d. 1616), and Anna his wife. Within an arched recess are figures of the man and his wife kneeling at a desk with an inscription over. Below the large figures are, carved in relief, their seventeen children, all kneeling, with their hands in prayer. On a cartouche on the top of the monument is a shield of his arms, Gules a bend engrailed argent between two cinqfoils or with three leopards' heads vert upon the bend and the difference of a crescent gules. On the pilasters at the sides of the monument are the arms of the Haberdashers and the Merchant Adventurers.
In the floor of the chancel is a brass inscribed 'Here lyeth the body of Mary Rand the | daughter of Mr Thomas Sheafe of Crans | brooke & widow of George Roberts of | Brenchly Gent & after the wyfe of | Mr Ralph Rand Rector of Oxted whose | soule was surrendered by her to God | that gave it, the second daye of March | in the 72 yeare of her age Ao; Do[mini]: 1638.'
Another brass in the floor of the chancel is inscribed in memory of Joan, wife of Ralph Rand, who died 14 August 1641, aged sixty-four. On the north wall of the chancel is a brass in a marble frame to Ralph Rand, who died in 1648, aged eighty-eight. In the floor of the chancel is a stone tablet to the memory of the wife of Charles Hoskins, daughter of William Hale, who died 2 December 1651, aged forty-two, and to Charles Hoskins, son of Sir Thomas Hoskins, who died 30 September 1657, aged fifty-four. At the top of the slab is a shield of their impaled arms. In the floor of the south aisle is a sepulchral slab to Edmund, second-born son of Charles Hoskins, who died in 1676.
In the nave floor are slabs to John Hoskins and Philippa Rouse, daughter of Sir John Rouse of Henham Hall, Suffolk, bart., who both died 1712; while in the floor of the chancel are slabs to Sir William Hoskins, who died the same year, and to George Bond, son of George Bond of Ogbourne St. George, Wilts., by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Charles Hoskins of Barrow Green. He died in 1712, Elizabeth his mother in 1728.
On the south wall of the chancel is an elaborate mural monument to William Finch, son of the Hon. William Finch. He died in 1728.
There is a peal of five bells by Richard Phelps, 1729. The fourth bell is inscribed 'Ab omni fulgure defenda nos domine Ricardus Phelps me fecit 1729,' and the tenor has the following: 'Good folks with one accord we call to hear god's word, we honour to the king and joy to brides do ring, we triumphs loudly tell & ring your last farewell R. P. Fo. 1729.'
The plate consists of a silver chalice of 1634 with a cover paten of the same date; a chalice and cover paten apparently of 18th-century date, but the hall marks are quite illegible; an embossed plate inscribed 'The Rev. Dr. Cheyney Dean of Winchester'; two silver flagons of 1765, both with the same inscription as the above plate; and a large dish of foreign make enriched with repousse work of Cupids and Bacchanals with a wreath of fruit and flowers in the centre and the inscription 'The Rev. Dr. Cheyney Dean of Winchester.' This basin has the Nuremberg saw mark. There are also a chalice and paten of 1885 which are used in the mission room.
The plate inscribed 'The Rev. Dr. Cheyney Dean of Winchester' was bequeathed to the church by Catherine daughter of John Hoskins and wife of William third Duke of Devonshire, to whom it had been left. She died in 1777.
The registers are in four books: (1) baptisms 1613 to 1682, with a gap 1603–12, marriages 1555 to 1678, with a gap 1603–52, burials 1603 to 1682; (2) all entries 1705 to 1799, marriages ending 1753; (3) marriages 1755 to 1813; (4) baptisms and burials 1800 to 1812. Baptisms and burials 1683 to 1704 and marriages 1679 to 1704 are lost.
There is a large Congregational chapel in Oxted, built in 1905. At Hurst Green is the mission church of St. Agatha. A site has been given and money is being collected for building a much needed church of larger size near Hurst Green.
A church on the manor of Oxted is mentioned in the Domesday Survey. (fn. 119) The advowson was appurtenant to that part of the manor of Oxted owned by the family of Roland of Oxted, (fn. 120) and its history follows that of the manor with the exception that in 1794 Thomas Dyke presented to the living. (fn. 121) In 1534, on the disolution of the priory of Tandridge, the prior John Lyngfield was presented to the living by Catherine Burgh, lady of the manor, (fn. 122) and he is named as rector in the Valor Ecclesiasticus. (fn. 123)
Smith's charity is distributed as in other Surrey parishes. In the church are also recorded:
1786, Mrs. Jane Linwood, £100; 1794, Mrs. Jane Piggott, £150; and 1830, Lady Bensley, £50, for the poor.
1832. Mr. William Peters, £200, for poor widows not in receipt of parish relief.
1855. Mrs. Maria Sale, £100, for the poor; no date is given in the church, but the gift was in 1855 by Charity Commission Report.
1892. Rev. C. M. McNiven, £50 to the poor, £50 to the quire, £50 to the school, £50 to the mission room, £50 to the reading room.
In 1887 a Queen Victoria Jubilee clock was put up by £100 subscriptions and £50 from Mr. George Marchant of Coltsford Mill.
1. Early British Coins, 50.
2. Surr. Arch. Coll. v, p. xxvi; Johnson and Wright, Neolithic Man in North-East Surrey, 70.
3. V.C.H. Surr. i, 312b.
4. A Ralph of Oxted is mentioned in 1166; see Pipe R. 23 Hen. II (Pipe R. Soc. xxvi), 196.
5. Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 220, 221, 225b.
6. Plac. de Quo Warr. (Rec. Com.), 714.
7. Parl. Writs (Rec. Com.), i, 24, no. 22.
8. According to another inquisition (31 Edw. I, no. 71) suit was also owed to the court of St. Martin le Grand, London.
9. Chan. Inq. p.m. 20 Edw. I, no. 28.
10. Fine R. 27 Edw. I, m. 18; Chan. Inq. p.m. 27 Edw. I, no. 39.
11. Inq. a.q.d. file 36, no. 10; Chan. Inq. p.m. 29 Edw. I, no. 135.
12. Chan. Inq. p.m. 31 Edw. I, no. 71; Inq. a.q.d. file 41, no. 19.
13. Parl. Writs (Rec. Com.), i, 75, 86, 99, 153; ii (2), 33.
14. Inq. a.q.d. file 28, no. 6; Chan. Inq. p.m. 27 Edw. I, no. 69.
15. Feet of F. Surr. East. 5 Edw. II, no. 25, 27.
16. Cal. Pat. 1313–17, p. 570; Inq. a.q.d. file 125, no. 13; Feet of F. Surr. Hil. 11 Edw. II, no. 18, 19. These documents call this share a quarter of the manor, but apparently it was the whole of Alina's property, so that, strictly speaking, it must have been two quarters.
17. Chan. Inq. p.m. 19 Edw. II, no. 50.
18. Cal. Close, 1323–7, p. 479.
19. Ibid. 1341–3, pp. 123, 129.
20. Reginald Cobham was grandson of John Cobham and Joan daughter of Hugh Nevill, to whom King John had made a grant of Roland de Oxted's lands (apparently during a forfeiture) in 1216 (Close, 17 John, m. 16).
21. Cal. Close, 1343–6, p. 380; Feet of F. Surr. East. 19 Edw. III, no. 12.
22. Cal. Pat. 1338–40, p. 62.
23. Inq. a.q.d. file 332, no. 20.
24. Chan. Inq. p.m. 34 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 49.
25. See Testa de Nevill (Rec. Com.), 225b.
26. Ibid.; Dugdale, Baronage, i, 288; G.E.C. Peerage, s.v. Nevill of Essex.
27. Feet of F. Div. Co. 33 Edw. III, no. 10; see Manning and Bray, op. cit. ii, 383.
28. Chan. Inq. p.m. 31 Edw. I, no. 71.
29. Ibid. 35 Edw. III (1st nos.), no. 62.
32. Close, 10 Hen. IV, m. 31, 30.
33. G.E.C. Peerage, ii, 322.
34. Feet of F. Div. Co. Hil. 33 Hen. VI, no. 53. See Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), xviii, 99.
35. G.E.C. Peerage.
36. See Chan. Inq. p.m. 11 Edw. IV, no. 58.
37. Ibid. (Ser. 2), lxxx, 84.
38. Ibid. xcii, 100.
39. Feet of F. Surr. Hil. 20 Eliz.
40. Pat. 29 Eliz. pt. xi, m. 12; Com. Pleas D. Enr. Hil. 29 Eliz.; Feet of F. Surr. East. 29 Eliz.; Donat. MS. (B.M.), 4705, fol. 77.
41. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cclv, 132; ccclii, 128; Recov. R. Mich. 11 Anne, rot. 146; Feet of F. Surr. Trin. 3 Geo. III; Berry, Surr. Gen. 32.
42. See Recov. R. Hil. 30 Geo. III, rot. 242.
43. Surr. Arch. Coll. iii, 365.
44. V.C.H. Surr. i, 312b.
46. See Recov. R. Trin. 1 Will. and Mary, rot. 44.
47. Ibid. Mich. 11 Anne, rot. 146.
48. Early Chan. Proc. bdle. 9, no. 300.
49. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cccxcii, 100; see Com. Pleas D. Enr. Trin. 6 Chas. I, m. 9.
50. a See Manning and Bray, op. cit. ii, 385, where, however, the will of Charles Hoskins, who died in 1657, is attributed to his grandfather in 1597.
51. Parl. R. vi, 284b.
52. See Chan. Inq. p.m. 38 & 39 Hen. VI, no. 59; L. and P. Hen. VIII, xix (2), 340 (8).
53. Cal. Pat. 1281–92, p. 171; Chan. Inq. p.m. 12 Edw. I, no. 49; Inq. a.q.d. file 7, no. 3.
54. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii, 68.
55. Manning and Bray, op. cit. ii, 387.
56. L. and P. Hen. VIII, xiii (1), 190 (2).
57. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), lxxii, 81.
58. Feet of F. Surr. Mich. 18 & 19 Eliz.; Recov. R. Mich. 1576, rot. 1542; Donat. MS. (B.M.), 4705, fol. 78, 79.
59. Donat. MS. 4705, fol. 77.
60. Feet of F. Surr. Trin. 24 Eliz.
61. Pat. 32 Eliz. pt. xxi, m. 9; Feet of F. Surr. Mich. 41 & 42 Eliz.
62. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cccxxxi, 131.
63. Ibid. cccclvii, 170; Manning and Bray, op. cit. ii, 305, 387; Feet of F. Surr. Trin. 4 Chas. I.
65. Feet of F. Surr. Hil. 1649; Manning and Bray, loc. cit.
66. Feet of F. Surr. Mich. 33 Chas. II.
68. Recov. R. Trin. 7 Anne, rot. 39; see Feet of F. Surr. Trin. 7 Anne.
69. Feet of F. Surr. Mich. 27 Geo. II.
70. See Recov. R. Trin. 52 Geo. III, rot. 19.
71. Brayley, Topog. Hist. of Surr. iv, 173.
72. See deed of 1345 quoted under Stocketts.
75. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cviii, 98.
76. Will of Sir John Gresham (P.C.C. Ketchyn, 28).
77. On his tomb is the inscription, then become unusual, 'on whose soal Jesu have mercy'; compare the description on the tomb of his grandson.
78. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), clxxxvi, 12; Donat. MS. (B.M.), 4705, fol. 178.
79. Shaw, Knights of Engl. ii, 123.
80. Pat. 13 Jas. I, pt. vi, no. 5.
81. Called second in the deed, though no elder son is named; probably one had died young.
82. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), ccccliv, 60.
83. Leveson-Gower, Gen. of Gresham Faw. 171. The inscription means that he was not a recusant, though his family had been such.
84. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), dxxi, 144.
85. G.E.C. Baronetage, iii, 99.
86. Recov. R. Trin. 16 Chas. II, rot. 134; see Feet of F. Surr. Trin. 16 Chas. II.
87. Leveson-Gower, Gen. of Gresham Fam. 47.
88. Manning and Bray, op. cit. ii, 387. See Feet of F. Div. Co. Hil. 10 Anne.
89. Leveson-Gower, Gen. of Gresham Fam. 179; Will. P.C.C. Whitfield, 134.
90. See Exch. Dep. Mixed Co. Trin. 4 Geo. II, no. 4.
91. Feet of F. Surr. Hil. 5 Geo. I.
92. Exch. Dep. ut supra.
93. See Feet of F. Div. Co. (K.S.R.), Trin. 32 & 33 Gen. II; Hil. 35 Geo. III.
94. Brayley, op. cit. iv, 174.
95. Feet of F. Surr. Mich. 55 Hen. III.
100. Feet of F. Surr. East. 7 Hen. IV, no. 12.
101. Manning and Bray, op. cit. ii, 388.
102. See Early Chan. Proc. bdle. 57, no. 307; 58, no. 209.
103. Feet of F. Surr. East. 5 Jas. I. See also Recov. R. Trin. 5 Jas. I, rot. 6.
104. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), cccxi, 110.
105. Ibid. cccxii, 128.
106. Feet of F. Surr. Hil. 12 Jas. I; Com. Pleas D. Enr. Hil. 12 Jas. I, m. 18.
107. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), ccccxliii, 64; cccclxxxvi, 34.
108. Recov. R. East. 12 Chas. II, rot. 54; Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), dxxxv, 15.
109. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), dxxxv, 15.
111. Brayley, op. cit. iv, 175.
112. Chan. Inq. p.m. 27 Edw. I, no. 30.
113. Feet of F. Surr. Mich. 4 Edw. II, no. 214.
114. Cal. Close, 1318–23, p. 357.
116. Early Chan. Proc. bdle. 40, no. 284.
117. Manning and Bray, loc. cit.
119. V.C.H. Surr. i, 312b.
120. See Chan. Inq. p.m. 20 Edw. I, no. 28, and subsequent history of the manor.
121. Inst. Bks. (P.R.O.) for the year. See also Recov. R. Hil. 30 Geo. III, rot. 242.
122. L. and P. Hen. VIII, vii, g. 761 (19); Pat. 26 Hen. VIII, pt. i, m. 28.
123. Valor Eccl. (Rec. Com.), ii, 45.


Nicole's Needlework: Episode 12 - Two Finishes and Lots of Wips (again)!
Episode 12 - Two Finishes and Lots of Wips (again)!
Nicole as per usual your work is amazing. Please could you tell me the name of design of Lizzie Kate I have searched for the quote you have stitched but nothing comes up. I really would like to stitch it too,Look forward to your reply my e mail is barbarablundell@dsl.pipex.com Thanks so much and have a good week.
Hi Barb, I'm sorry, I should have been more specific. The chart is a bonus chart from the Things Unseen mystery sampler. A section of it is in each of the three charts.
I've watched both of your 20 years of finishes on your YouTube link.
You have some fantastic stitching.
Beautiful! I love Shepherd's Bush as well!
The sheep needle magnet(?) is adorable! Can you tell me where you got it? Thanks!


Please come join us for a "Veteran's Day Celebration" to honor our Veterans on Sunday, November 11, 2018 beginning at 4:00 p.m. The celebration will be at Kiwanis Veteran's Park in Saginaw on Saginaw Blvd. next to the Fire Station. Immediately following this celebration, a BBQ social will follow at the Saginaw Senior Center, 405 S. Belmont. All veterans will be honored with a complimentary ticket to this event. Additional tickets are available for a donation of $6.00. This event is sponsored by the Kiwanis Club of Saginaw in conjunction with the City of Saginaw. For more information, please call Debbie Muelker at 817-980-6601 or email at debbie.muelker@eecu.org.


H.R. 4294, the Strengthening Access to Valuable Education and Retirement Support Act of 2015, would amend the section of the Internal Revenue Code that prohibits self-dealing transactions by fiduciaries of certain tax-favored plans, including employer-sponsored retirement plans, individual retirement accounts, and health savings accounts. The bill would add a definition of investment advice to that section of the Internal Revenue Code. The bill also would add a new statutory exemption related to investment advice that a fiduciary can provide to those tax-favored plans, plan participants, or beneficiaries. Among other provisions, H.R. 4294 would change requirements regarding disclosure of potential compensation accruing to the fiduciary or an affiliate.
On April 6, 2016, the Department of Labor issued new regulations relating to investment advice within pension and retirement plans; those regulations are sometimes referred to as the "fiduciary rule." H.R. 4294 would prevent those or any similar regulations from becoming effective unless a bill or joint resolution approving them was passed within 60 days of enactment of H.R. 4294.
The staff of the Joint Committee on Taxation (JCT) estimates that the bill would have a negligible effect on revenues over the 2016-2026 period. Enacting the bill would not affect direct spending. Because enacting H.R. 4294 would affect revenues, pay-as-you-go procedures apply.
CBO and JCT estimate that enacting H.R. 4294 would not increase net direct spending or on-budget deficits in any of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2027.


Geri Glenn is the author of the recently released, Kings Of Korruption MC Series. The first book, titled Ryker, was published August 14th, 2015!
Geri lives in beautiful New Brunswick, Canada. She is a military wife, the mother of two gorgeous, but slightly crazy little girls, and works full time as a support worker in an assisted living facility for seniors. Even with all of this, she still finds the time to be a voracious reader and most recently, a writer.
Geri has been as avid reader for as long as she can remember. She can usually be found curled up in a comfy chair, reading on her iPad both day and night. Geri is an incurable night owl, and it's not uncommon for her to still be awake, reading at 4 am, just because she finds it hard to put the book down.
Geri loves all genres of fiction, but her passion is anything romantic or terrifying; basically, anything that can get her heart pumping. This passion has bled out onto her laptop and became the Kings of Korruption.
Writing this first book in the series has knocked off the #1 thing on Geri's bucket list, and publishing it has been an absolute dream come true. She hopes you love the Kings as much as she does.


I average a little over three hours weekly scanning medical and psychological journals on the internet. Typically I zoom through the article titles looking for anything relevant to stress, health & wellbeing. If something seems interesting, I read the article's abstract. I may well then download it to my bibliographic database - I use EndNote. Currently I have well over 19,000 references stored and the number grows steadily. Sometimes I'll get hold of the text of the full article - by subscribing to the journal, buying the article, searching for the author's academic website, or emailing the corresponding author directly. I use this information I glean to improve my treatment of clients who come to me for help, and as a basis for talks and articles.
On 26th January the BMJ reported on the new £18 million Time to Change campaign " ... to tackle the discrimination and stigma that surrounds mental health ... The Time to Change initiative is funded by Comic Relief and the National Lottery. Its aim is to tell the public that it is no longer acceptable to discriminate against people with a mental illness ... The campaign's website gives details of what can be done to help people with a mental illness and how to run a local campaign to support national initiatives ... The campaign says that mental illness is one of the last taboos and that shame and stigma can stop people seeking help. It highlights the fact that mental illness is far more common than people realise with one in four people experiencing a mental health problem at some time in their life. And it promotes the message that it is possible to help people with a mental heath problem by being there for them and not cutting them out of your life ... The campaign is based on similar national initiatives in New Zealand and Scotland.
I spend about three hours weekly scanning medical and psychological journals on the internet.


Always keep clear copies of your children's PSA Birth Certificate in your files.
In Mommy Helpline, a series of infograpics from Citizen Services, parental awareness information regarding NSO, DFA, and other related materials can be found to assist mothers in finding answers to common (and uncommon) questions on the proper registration, application, and record processing of their children.
1. Always keep clear copies of your children's PSA Birth Certificate in your files.
2. Keep our hotline and website in your phonebook, Mommy!
3. Check that your children's birth certificates bear the PSA logo.
4. Don't wait until the last minute, Mom! Order a copy of your children's PSA Birth Certificates now!
5. You never know when you'll need a copy so make sure you always have one handy, Mommy! Order your children's PSA Birth Certificates now!
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September 3rd, 2017 - MRO Release 42 Loaded into ODE.
- Updated SHARAD Radargram data products released through 2017-02-16 (orbits 48202 through 49499).
"There is no derived gravity data in this release. Previous releases of HiRISE data cover this period, and HiRISE's next three months of data are not all available yet."


Hotel Bellevue Syrene is a paradox of intimate grandeur.The sweeping views are why you come here. The impeccable service and attention to every detail are why you'll want to come back. With only 48 rooms, this is luxury, boutique hotel living at its best.
The entrance, draped in shades of blue, mimicked the Gulf of Naples and Vesuvius in the background.
Sorrento makes the perfect home base for visiting the Amalfi Coast. Ferries run every hour to Capri, while Naples, Positano and Pompeii are easy day trips.
French by design, even in its opulence, the hotel evoked a coziness…as if you were hanging out at a friend's chateau (what…don't all your friends have French chateaus? ;)).
Nothing like a little whimsy to balance rich sophistication.
One of the very special "extras" was the complimentary wine, champagne and canapes served from 10am-8pm every day in the Club Lounge. Italians believe in a long lunch. They don't believe in late afternoon snacks, so finding an open restaurant that served wine/beer and a little something to tide us over until dinner proved to be a challenge each place we went. Having this at the hotel not only solved that very first world problem, but saved us a lot of moolah (good LORD the exchange rate…).
The last time I visited Sorrento, I was fourteen and on a school trip. And I'm pretty sure our hotel (er, motel?) was located somewhere between the 7th and 8th circle of Hell. There were gunshots, it was hot, loud and definitely haunted. Or at least that's how my young, homesick and impressionable mind remembers it (I'd give anything to find that travel journal). I swore I would never return to this God-forsaken city until I could rest my hard to please head at a place of my choosing.
I'd say history has been more than redeemed.
Molly, I loved this. My father was in Sorrento during WWII and bought my pregnant w/me mom a beautiful bracelet made of mother of pearl and seed pearls that I wear now. It's a treasure. Hope to show it to you some day!
The views are stunning and the photography spectacular! Perhaps an additional career choice! I'd even go to these places with a "brownie" if I could. Do you know what a "brownie" is, or have I dated myself?
Molly, how gorgeous and spectacular!!!! I'm pea-green with envy and thankful that I have my own trip planned near there in the not-too-distant future or I'd really be in despair! And Sandy, what a beautiful and moving story. How fortunate you are to have that bracelet with that history.


Celebrating a centenary of The Substation the SVOO collective curated a site based exhibition acknowledging it's history. '100 Years' is an exhibition that explores the diverse history, architecture and location of the iconic Newport building. Artists will work through imagery, performance, documentation, sound and installation, to retell and interpret the site of The Substation.


Due to the generosity of an anonymous donor, The Vegetarian Resource Group each year will award $20,000 in college scholarship money to graduating U.S. high school students who have promoted vegetarianism in their schools and/or communities. Vegetarians do not eat meat, fish, or fowl. Vegans are vegetarians who do not use other animal products such as dairy or eggs.
One award of $10,000 and two awards of $5,000 will be given. Entries may only be sent by students graduating from high school in SPRING 2019.
Deadline is FEBRUARY 20, 2019.
We will accept applications postmarked on or before FEBRUARY 20, 2019. Early submission is encouraged.
Applicants will be judged on having shown compassion, courage, and a strong commitment to promoting a peaceful world through a vegetarian diet/lifestyle. Payment will be made to the student's college (U.S. based only). Winners of the scholarships give permission to release their names to the media. Applications and essays become property of The Vegetarian Resource Group. We may ask finalists for more information. Scholarship winners are contacted by e-mail or telephone. Please look at your e-mail.
Please click here to download a PDF of the application. However, applicants are not required to use an application form. A neatly typed document containing the information below will also be accepted as a valid application.
Please send application and attachments to The Vegetarian Resource Group, P.O. Box 1463, Baltimore, MD 21203. For more information call (410) 366-8343 or email vrg@vrg.org.
Three or more recommendations (including at least one teacher).
Any documentation related to your promotion of vegetarianism in high school and/or community including photographs, newspaper stories, etc.


text:
Ейнсворт () — місто () в США, в окрузі Ланґлейд штату Вісконсин. Населення — 469 осіб (2010).

Демографія
Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у місті мешкало 469 осіб у 222 домогосподарствах у складі 144 родин. Було 529 помешкань

Расовий склад населення:

До двох чи більше рас належало 0,0 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 0,0 % від усіх жителів.

За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 14,5 % — особи молодші 18 років, 59,9 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 25,6 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 53,2 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у місті припадало 104,8 чоловіків;  на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 102,5 чоловіків також старших 18 років.

Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство  становив  доларів США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю —  доларів (медіана — ). Медіана доходів становила  доларів для чоловіків та  доларів для жінок. За межею бідності перебувало 10,9 % осіб, у тому числі 0,0 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 9,2 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.

Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило 182 особи. Основні галузі зайнятості: освіта, охорона здоров'я та соціальна допомога — 15,4 %, мистецтво, розваги та відпочинок — 14,8 %, публічна адміністрація — 13,2 %, виробництво — 12,1 %.

Примітки

Джерела

Містечка Вісконсину
Населені пункти округу Ланглейд (Вісконсин)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Planning moves forward on I-80-Ashby Avenue interchange
The Alameda County Transportation Commission and Caltrans are working with officials from Berkeley and Emeryville to improve safety and traffic flow where Interstate 80 meets Ashby Avenue.
By Tony Hicks
June 42019, 4:15 p.m. May 122020
An open house was held on May 22 for the public to see proposals to overhaul the I-80-Ashby interchange. Photo: Emilie Raguso
One of the most obvious challenges for largely bicycle and pedestrian-friendly West Berkeley is co-existing with a busy freeway not designed with pedestrians and bicycles in mind.
Photo: Chandler Fitzsimmons
See the Interstate 80 Ashby project website.
Planners from the Alameda County Transportation Commission and Caltrans are working with officials from Berkeley and Emeryville to improve safety and traffic flow where Interstate 80 meets Ashby Avenue (which is California State Route 13). An open house was held May 22 for the public to hear about some of the ideas in play. The areas around University Avenue and Gilman Street are also about to undergo change.
"The freeway was built to 1950s standards," said Susan Chang, the planner overseeing the Ashby and Gilman projects for ACTC. "By current standards, this is not a conventional multi-modal facility."
Planners are spending the next year or so working on the draft environmental analysis of the Ashby Street project, after which the public will have the chance to comment on one recommendation and at least one alternative plan.
Along with improving efficiency through the area for motor vehicles, one of the main goals is connecting bicyclists and pedestrians from the Shellmound Street area to the waterfront on the other side of I-80.
"Achieving these goals will require significant changes, including replacement of the existing bridges over the freeway," said Farid Javandel, Berkeley's traffic division manager. "Local land use along Shellmound has evolved significantly since the 1950s, from a low traffic, largely industrial area, to a high density and high traffic residential and commercial area, with very different access needs than what the interchange originally provided."
Aerial view of the I-80 interchange at Ashby Avenue (SR-13). Image: Alameda County Transportation Commission
There are two options for addressing pedestrians and bicycles in the area, both of which would be improvements, said Ben Gerhardstein, a co-founder of Walk Bike Berkeley and a member of ACTC's stakeholder group on the Ashby project.
The first option would create one bridge across I-80 from Ashby, to Frontage Road, with space for motor vehicles, bicyclists and pedestrians.
The second would be two separate bridges, separating motor traffic from pedestrians and bicyclists. Gerhardstein said "you'd have to take a more circuitous route" from Ashby, to get to the other side. "But you wouldn't have to cross a bunch of traffic."
"The key connection on the other side is going to be the Bay Trail, and the connections to the Emeryville and Berkeley marinas," he said. "As we see changes to the waterfront, we're going to see much more use of the trail."
Construction will likely start during fall of 2022 and be complete in early 2025, according to the ACTC website. Funds for the project, which is estimated to cost $52 million, come mostly from 2014's Measure BB, which Alameda County voters approved for transportation improvements. Some additional funding may come from other sources, depending on need.
A few miles to the north, the $55 million Gilman project would involve two roundabouts at I-80, one on either side of the freeway. The project is meant to reduce "higher than average rates of injury collisions," while improving bicycle and pedestrian safety, according to the ACTC website. "The project will reduce congestion, shorten queues and minimize merging and turning conflicts."
Plans for Gilman Street. Image: Caltrans
The project will include a pedestrian and bicycle overcrossing of I-80 and path through the interchange, and a two-way cycle track on Gilman Street, from the interchange to Fourth Street, where there will also be a new traffic signal.
Project documents describe the westbound off-ramp from I-80 as the most dangerous area of the interchange, with about twice the statewide average of collisions.
Between Ashby and Gilman, the University Avenue overpass will be replaced, though the project is in the early planning phase. The University Avenue overpass is 14 feet 4 inches high in the westbound direction. It's 14 feet 5 inches high in the eastbound direction. The standard height of an overpass is 16 feet 6 inches.
Caltrans initially considered whether to raise the existing overpass or to replace it entirely. Spokeswoman Lindsey Hart said the agency has decided on the latter.
"We're very, very early in the process," she said. "The existing structure will come down and we'll be creating something new."
Caltrans is in the process of taking public input for the draft environmental report, though Hart said the agency doesn't have any concrete dates for future public meetings.
Planning for giant San Pablo Avenue facelift gets underway
New 'vision plan' imagines 3-mile greenway from downtown Berkeley to Bay Bridge
Berkeley votes to investigate expanded ferry service, reopening of pier
Ashby AvenueCaltransTransportationUniversity AvenueUrban planningWest Berkeley

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What's new in depression treatment?
This week, we look at the new CANMAT guidelines. Published in September in The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, the papers – six in all – speak to the latest in depression management.
What should you think about the new antidepressants? What alternatives are there to CBT? What to do when everything else fails? Spoiler alert: this week's Reading answers all these questions and more.
The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) is a not-for-profit scientific and educational organization founded in 1995. In 2015, the CANMAT Depression Work Group began the process of producing new guidelines for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), to update the previous 2009 guidelines. The scope of the guidelines remains the management of adults with unipolar MDD with an identified target audience of community-based psychiatrists and mental health professionals. CANMAT, in collaboration with the International Society for Bipolar Disorders, has published separate guidelines for bipolar disorder.
The editorial group defined 6 sections for inclusion in the CANMAT 2016 Depression Guidelines: (1) Disease Burden and Principles of Care, (2) Psychological Treatments, (3) Pharmacological Treatments, (4) Neurostimulation Treatments, (5) Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments, and (6) Special Populations (children/adolescents, women, elderly). Treatment recommendations for patients with MDD and psychiatric/medical comorbidities were published by a CANMAT task force in 2012.
The methods used were similar to the previous CANMAT guidelines that have been well regarded by clinicians. In contrast to other guidelines that use highly formalized evidence summaries that may be less accessible to users, we chose a clinically useful method that balances systematic evidence review with consensus expert opinion by experienced clinicians. Expert panels were established for each of the 6 sections. Members represented content experts from the fields of psychiatry, pharmacy, and psychology. The familiar question-answer format from previous editions was retained because feedback from clinicians affirmed the clinical practicality and ease of use.
So begins the first section of the new CANMAT depression guidelines, published in The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry.
· The authors provide the first major update since 2009.
· There are a total of 6 papers, as well as an editorial by Dr. Scott Patten, the editor of The CJP.
· The guidelines are written in a question-and-answer format – making them readable if, as Dr. Patten notes, slightly unconventional as compared to other national guidelines.
It's difficult to summarize these documents. Let me instead draw attention to several key tables and graphs.
Drawing on the work of Patten et al., the authors note the treatment – and lack of treatment – of MDD and its comorbidities.
It's striking that the list of medications with level 1 evidence is short and – with the exception of Agomelatin (which isn't available in Canada) – all off patent.
Also note that, with two exceptions, the antidepressants are all SRIs. So, after all these years, we still live in the age of Prozac, at least from a pharmacological perspective.
Careful here: the guidelines do make specific recommendations about sub-types of depression.
Of course, we aren't in the age of Prozac – we are in the age of multimodality treatment plans.
CBT remains first line for acute treatment. It's not alone. And while several therapies have level 1 evidence in the acute phase, the authors comment on relapse prevention – showing strong evidence for CBT and MBCT. It's a clear recognition that Major Depressive Disorder is a chronic episodic illness for many people.
More and more patients are turning to alternative medications. It's striking that these meds have migrated from health food stores to grocery stores and pharmacies. One of the most common questions I'm asked is the evidence for the use of alternative meds – to bolster prescription drugs or in lieu of them.
But for your patients who want something "natural," there isn't that much evidence for that much, with the exception of St. John's wort, which is ultimately an SSRI.
Much research has been done in the area of neurostimulation. As our understanding of the brain has evolved, so have our treatments. But the super-cutting edge treatments – think VNS and DBS – still don't rival ECT. Regardless of the stigma, ECT is first line for both acute and maintenance phases of the illness.
New isn't better: There are new medications but they aren't necessarily better.
Talking works: CBT is still the gold standard of psychotherapies, but there is a role for other evidence-based therapies too.
Don't forget about exercise: exercise has level 1 evidence for mild and moderate depression.
Alternative meds aren't ideal: there is limited evidence for much of everything except for St. John's wort.
If all else fails… rTMS, ECT.
1. This is a major update from the 2009 guidelines.
2. The guidelines consider medication management – and much more. The guidelines have grown richer and more complete with each update.
3. Following up on this last point, my summary is crude at best. The new guidelines are detailed and worth a careful read.
4. My notes and observations are that of a journeyman clinician. I've benefited from conversations with CAMH's Dr. David Goldbloom and UHN's Dr. Jodi Lofchy. Over the coming months, the authors of these guidelines will be speaking. No doubt they will have further observations and thoughts.
5. I marvel how evolved this field has become. When I entered my residency in psychiatry, there were no published Canadian guidelines for depression. Today's guidelines are clear and thoughtful.


text:
Q: Ubuntu Server, Third Party Package Install I have installed Ubuntu server 16.04.3 LTS. I know that I could install a GUI package in order to simplify the problem of installing a third-party program/package/driver et. al. However, I much prefer the tty1 environment, especially since this particular blackbox is going to be used for research.
Will anyone in the community either demonstrate or direct me to a step-by-step guide for downloading and installing a package from a non-specific or variable website?
Thank you in advance to all those who may offer up insight.
Edit: I want to get a package from a specific URL using the server interface: how do I download, unzip, and install the package?

A: On your computer, go to the website where the .deb file is located, right click and select copy link address on the download link/button. Then, on your server, run
wget link

Or, if you have cURL installed:
curl -O link

The file should now be in your local folder.
If the file is compressed, simply uncompress it with:
If it's a zip file use
unzip file.zip

Otherwise, it's probably a tar file, so
tar xzvf file.tar.gz

Next, all you have to do is install the package, which can be done with
sudo dpkg -i filename.deb

Before you install deb files, be sure to check if you can install from a repository first, as then you just use
sudo apt install package

A: Use wget in case its really outside the Ubuntu world (you might need to install it via sudo apt install wget):
cd <download-location>
wget http://url/...

Use dpkg to install .deb files:
dpkg -i debfile.deb

You can use apt to install packages to:
apt install package-name

On newer versions of ubuntu you can even install .deb files with it.
apt install debfile.deb

Use tar to extract .tar.gz or similar files
tar -xf archive.tar.gz

Use p7zip for .7z or .zip files (afaik theres even .rar capability in a secondary package available, you might need to install it with sudo apt install p7zip p7zip-full p7zip-rar):
7z x archive.7z

In case you downloaded source code you need to compile it, refer to the README file for how to do that.
Additional you can use links, links2 and lynx as command-line browsers (all of em are available in the Ubuntu repositories).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I'm so happy you found your way to my site! Take a look at the wedding packages I offer and let me know which one best fits you and your loves needs.
I understand not everyone will find what they want in these three options, so I gladly welcome customization! Let me know your budget, wants and needs for your special day, and let's create your story together!
Bridal sessions, engagements & additional hours available A la carte.
Thank you! Can't wait to work together!


text:
Germplasm Database
Seed Bank Description
The collection contains some 56,000 accessions belonging to more than 170 genera and over 800 species (a fully detailed, real-time updated report can be found at the page "MGD Statistics"). Over 13,000 samples have been directly collected through time by exploration teams of the Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (formerly the Germplasm Institute), while others have been acquired from other Institutions through exchange activities.
The whole collection is currently under re-organization in new sliding rack cabinets within refrigerated rooms (see below). Therefore, the total number of accessions available upon request may vary. However, more than 28,000 accessions have been already stored in the new cabinets and are fully available upon request.
The workflow of the activities carried out for the seed bank management.
Facilities and Equipments
The seed bank is endowed with refrigerated rooms at 5 °C, 0 °C and -20 °C, where more than 14,700 kgs of seeds are stored (see the page "MGD Statistics"). Here is the list of the main facilities available at the MG seed collection in Bari:
1 refrigerated room kept at -20° C for long-term storage
2 refrigerated rooms kept at 0 °C and 35% relative humidity for medium-term storage ("active" collections)
2 refrigerated rooms kept at 5 °C and 35% relative humidity for short-term storage (temporary material or material under processing, etc)
1 refrigerated rooms kept at 5 °C for research materials
The equipment includes also vacuum machineries for the preparation of sealed, airtight cans.
Seven additional conservation rooms with similar characteristics (plus an additional dehumidification room at 10-20 °C and 7-15% relative humidity) are also available in Valenzano (Bari).
Seed conservation
Seeds maintained at 0-1 °C (approx. 8,700 kgs, overall) are stored in about 100,600 small paper bags, while those at -20 °C (approx. 6,100 kgs, overall) are stored in about 21,600 airtight-sealed cans, totaling over 122,000 items. All the material is lined up on labelled shelves within dark, refrigerated rooms and managed through advanced software facilities. The following table summarizes the main features of the MG seed collection (for a fully detailed, real-time updated report, please visit the page "MGD Statistics"):
(Bags/Cans)
Kg of seeds
Bari 1-5° A 79699 7143,815
Bari -20° B 17907 4859,750
Valenzano 1-5° 2 8314 509,748
Valenzano -20° 5 3772 1244,665
Long-term storage -20° B,5 21679 6104,415
Short-/medium-term storage 1-5° A,2,3,6 100686 8676,024
Total - B,5,A,2,3,6 122365 14780,439
The small paper bags used for short-term seed conservation (right), the airtight-sealed aluminum cans used for long-term conservation (center), and the interior of a refrigerated room with the new sliding cabinets/shelves (right).
Preparation of long-term storage cans before air-tight sealing in the lab of Valenzano (Bari).
Wheat accessions during dehumidification (10-20 °C, 7-15% relative hunidity) in Valenzano (Bari).
Field propagation
All the accessions included in the MG seed bank are periodically refreshed through field multiplication/propagation according to the species' requirements and storage date in any of the following experimental sites:
Gaudiano (PZ),
Metaponto (MT),
Policoro (MT),
Valenzano (BA)
For experimental and field tests, the soil is ploughed, fertilized, irrigated and covered with protecting nets following international standard procedure. Spikes/seeds are then collected, photographed and threshed whenever needed. Samples are finally weighed and put in suitable bags for the de-humidifying chamber before medium-long term storage following strict international protocols.
Following is a brief summary of the propagation activity carried out in the period 1973-2015 (see also "MGD Statistics" for more recent updates):
Experimental site
/ Cropfield
No. of Accessions
Lecce 20,225 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003
Metaponto 16,464 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2001
Gaudiano 14,335 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997
Valenzano 15,711 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
(Aleppo, Etiopia, etc) 3,194 1973, 1977, 1978, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996
Overall 47,852 -
Seed material (wheat, barley, chickpeas, etc) maintained in the dehumidification room in Valenzano (Bari) before long-term storage.
Accessions of wheat (Triticum spp.) during field multiplication in Valenzano (Bari).
Barley spike before collection in the field multiplication in Valenzano (Bari).
Plowing before seed sowing at the experimental site of Valenzano (Bari).
Personnel at work at the experimental site in Valenzano (Bari).
Sowing of accessions in the multiplication cropfield at the experimental site in Valenzano (Bari).
Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR)
National Research Council of Italy (CNR)
via G. Amendola 165/A, I-70126 Bari (Italy)
© 1971-2022 IdG/IGV/IBBR
Info: mgd.staff@ibbr.cnr.it
Home Description Aims and Goals Policy History Green Revolution MGD Overview MGD Gallery MGD Statistics Collection Search Germplasm Request Trait Assessment Research Projects People Collaborations Ethnobotany Contact Information Location Credits
MGD Accession Cart


Inspector Kadima Useni, an officer caught on camera while drunk, has been dismissed from the Nigeria Police Force.
According to the Force, he was dismissed for "conducts unbecoming of a law enforcement officer".
A video of him drunk at Akowonjo Area of Lagos State went viral on social media on Wednesday.
Useni served at the Police Mobile Force Squadron Base 22 Ikeja before he was dismissed.
News of his dismissal was disclosed via a tweet by the Rapid Response Squad that read: "A drunken police man who was caught on an online viral video has been dismissed by Inspector General of Police, IGP Idris Ibrahim, for conducts unbecoming of a law enforcement officer. Inspector Kadima Useni who got drunk at Akowonjo Area of Lagos served at Police Mobile Force Squadron Base 22 Ikeja before his dismissal which would serve as a deterrent to others".
Inspector Kadima Useni who got drunk at Akowonjo Area of Lagos served at Police Mobile Force Squadron Base 22 Ikeja before his dismissal which would serve as a deterrent to others.


text:
Q: Is it possible to embed (combine) an external jar file to my library project in eclipse? I am developing an Android project in eclipse. I am creating a library project that is used by a main project. Main project uses an external jar file. I want to add this external jar file to my library project and just add the jar file of library project to the main project. I have added that jar file in library project but when I compile library project its size is not changed and the external jar file is not embedded in the library project.
I mean I want to combine the library and the external jar into one library that my project can link to.
How can I do that?
Thanks,

A: So you want to combine the library and the external jar into one library that your project can link to? That is not possible. You cannot just combine/link two binaries (JARs) and expect them to work as one single library. Your libraries are dynamically linked and not statically, and each library is loaded in a different address space. If you want them to be as one, you need to have the source of the two libraries (your existing library and external jar) and compile them into one (that is, static linking).
Update:
Thanks Sergiu for the insight, that is quite true. The above answer was based on the precinct that a library is a binary loaded by the JRE at runtime at some memory location, and that it is formatted binary with functions/variables loaded at locations calculated by the environment - A General CS theory.
Based on your comments, I googled how to combine two JARs, and your method seems right.
Here's another SO answer: Combine two JARs
Check out the 2nd answer, it also clarifies about the Manifest.mf file.

A: You can add external jars into your project using two ways:

*

*right click on project, Go to Properties.

*In Java Build Path tab select Library tab and click on the Add External JARs.. button to add the external jar files into your project.

*Click on OK.

The other way is to copy jar file into your projects libs folder and then right click on the jar file and select Build Path>Add to Build Path.
Try out this ways , i hope it might help you.

A: This is a common problem, It is defined as the Scope of your library. Usually the scope is  "Provided" which means that the library should be included in the classpath (for javac) and not in the Jar file, But in this case you should change your library scope to "Compile" so it also gets into the Jar file.
I don't use Eclipse so I don't know which menu to look at, But it is common property, (In Apache Maven, IntelliJ, ...) So I'm pretty sure you can find it's place on Eclipse with a little search
Long story short, Change your Library Scope to "Compile"


text:
PR distraction? Zuckerberg says 'future is private' as Facebook, apps get major redesign
By Ben Bradley, Komando.com
When Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg says something, we typically listen. It's like a study of the human condition; comparing what he says to what's actually happening. As you probably know, it doesn't often line up.
That brings us to F8, the annual Facebook Developer's Conference that kicked off on Tuesday in San Jose, California. To get the ball rolling, Zuckerberg declared in the keynote that "the future is private." How novel.
That was his intro into sweeping changes coming now or soon to Facebook and its other apps, along with a new focus. But what do these changes mean for you, and your privacy?
Biggest Facebook refresh in years
First, we'll dive into the aesthetics and features. According to Zuckerberg, these changes are Facebook's biggest in 5 years.
The mobile app just got a face-lift and the redesigned experience is rolling out right now. It's better, stronger, faster … whoops, that's the Six Million Dollar Man. Facebook says the refreshed app will be simpler, faster and more immersive. Close enough.
The app redesign, which Zuckerberg calls FB5, puts a major focus on the Groups feature and Events and less on the News Feed. It's supposed to make it easier to go from public spaces to private ones, like Groups, so it's redesigned that tab to show a personalized feed across the Groups you're in.
It's also rolling out features for different kinds of Groups, such as Health Support groups. In groups dealing with sensitive info, members can post without having their names appear. It sounds like you can be anonymous, but no word if that applies to advertisers …
Oh, and bye-bye, blue color scheme. Now it's going to be all white. Who knows, maybe they're trying to symbolize a clean slate (we know better). Like I said, the redesigned app is rolling out now while the refreshed website is still a few months away.
Facebook's new 'commitment' to privacy
Zuckerberg says he wants Facebook to be a privacy-focused social platform. He initially wrote those sentiments in a 3,000 word blog back in March, touting the future of Facebook, privacy and fully-encrypted messages. Seriously, it was like he just discovered privacy was a thing.
Got a minute? Listen to Kim's take on Zuckerberg's blog in 60 seconds.
"I get that a lot of people aren't sure we're serious about this," Zuckerberg said with a nervous laugh during the Tuesday's keynote. "We don't exactly have the strongest reputation on privacy right now, to put it lightly."
Ya think? I can't imagine why people would have that idea. Maybe it's Cambridge Analytica, scandal after scandal, poor practices in handling your data in general … I could go on.
Other interesting tidbits from F8
The Messenger app is getting a refresh. There's also a new Messenger desktop app coming later this year to both Windows and Mac with both text and video chat features.
Shopping was also a big part of the event. Starting next week, people on Instagram can shop directly from creators without having to leave the app. You'll also soon be able pay for purchases directly through Facebook Marketplace, and ship items across the country. Watch out, eBay.
Facebook's Portal video chat device is expanding to parts of Europe this fall with end-to-end encryption. You'll also be able to ask questions, and there will be more Amazon Alexa skills added. There you have it, more living rooms Facebook doesn't need to be in.
Facebook Dating is expanding from five countries to add 14 more, but sorry to you single folks in the U.S. It's not expected here until later this year.
Facebook did, however, announce a new feature called Secret Crush where users can "explore potential romantic relationships within their own extended circle of friends." You can even express interest in up to nine of your Facebook friends! Creepy much? Yeah, can't imagine anything going wrong with that one.
Check out the full F8 keynote address here:
You can find other information on its announcement here
New Facebook(s), same risks to your data
You know Facebook's history with your data. It's been like Christmas every day for advertisers and other third-parties Facebook's invited in over the years.
You might remember Facebook also recently announced its plan to split off into two companies. One side would be more public, like a town square and the other focused on privacy, like a living room. Or maybe it should focus on the unbelievable amount of problems at hand.
Streamlined apps and new features aren't going to change Facebook's past "if it's broke, don't fix it" approach on the issues that really matter. Neither are happy PR events meant to distract from its failings.
Just because Mark Zuckerberg says he's the new champion for your privacy doesn't mean he actually is. As they say, standing in your garage doesn't make you a car.
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Home » Is Gold A Bubble About To Burst?
Look at the charts below. The first is a chart of the stock market from 1974 – 2011.
The second is a chart of housing prices in 1970 – 2011.
This last chart is of the price of gold from 1970 through 2011.
Does anything look familiar with these charts? They all had a large run up followed by the bubble bursting. I know what you are thinking, "gold isn't like those other times." Or, "this time it's different." These are the same things people said when stocks were rising during the dot-com era and when housing prices were doubling overnight a few years ago. Heck, people were saying the same thing during the tulip craze in the 1600's! In each instance, the same thing happened: there was an unsustainable run-up in prices, followed by a steep drop, bringing prices back in line.
You can even see a gold bubble popping in the early 1980's. For roughly 20 years, the price of gold has been flat. I agree that it is due for a rise, but not the large rise that we have seen.
Think back to the late 1990's. Remember how everyone was talking about technology stocks and how you should invest in ABC company because they are coming out with a new product that will revolutionize the writing industry? The new pen will simply be your fingertip and when pressed against a piece of paper, ink comes out. You need to buy this stock!!
Or a few years ago when you would go to your son's baseball game and the hobo told you how he bought a house last week for $400,000, put a picture just inside the front door that read, "welcome to our home", and as a result, sold the house yesterday for $100,000,000?
When situations like the above start happening, when the average joe is telling you what to invest in because it can't lose, that is a sign to you that you need to steer clear of that investment because the bubble is about to burst. Gold is there now. Every magazine and newspaper has an ad in it telling you they will buy your gold. Late night infomercials are selling you on the two things you need to do in order to cash in on the gold craze. Other infomercials are trying to sell you rare gold coins. They use the argument that the value of the dollar is dropping and the only real commodity is gold.
I question the relevance of gold in today's society. Yes it makes great jewelry, but that is about it. If the worst-case scenario happened and the dollar was worthless, do I really need gold? I would much rather have food than gold. I would much rather have a warm, safe place to live than have gold. I feel that the reasons given for gold's rise are not valid today. Personally, I would not invest in gold at the current price. I think that the bubble is about to burst.


The second edition of The Crusades, for long the standard work on the subject, has been extensively rewritten to take account of the latest research and new interpretations. Crusading was a central theme in early medieval European history, and the book covers all the expeditions which took place between the First Crusade in 1096 and the final retreat from Palestine in 1291. Certain aspects are examined in detail: the Crusading indulgence; the effect the Crusades had on the history of the participating states; the entanglement of the Crusades in European politics -- for example in the conflicts between Pope and Emperor, and between the kings of France and England; its role in moulding relations between Byzantium and Europe; and its misuse for an expansionist Italian and Catalan trade policy. In line with recent research, particular emphasis has been placed on the internal history of the Crusader states. This comprehensive account will be of value to undergraduates and general readers alike; it is also an excellent introduction to the subject for those who intend to move on to more detailed studies. - Back cover.
This book was used as a textbook for my Crusades course taken in Istanbul, Turkey. It provided a very in depth look into the Crusades from political, economic, and sometimes social stances. It went in chronological order and was a very enticing read. I've recommended it to friends wanting to learn about this time period.
Hans Eberhard Mayer is at University of Kiel. John Gillingham taught history at the London School of Economics, University of London, from 1965 to 1998.


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Big Data and Master Data – Better together?