text:
Q: How to bind objects list to infragistics data grid? Pretty simple task, but the source code doesn't do required job... Please advise.
There is Products collection in the class (approach is based on the MVVm pattern, but that is not influe on the current issue):
public class ProductWindowViewModel : WorkspaceViewModel // implements INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    public ProductWindowViewModel()
    {
        Products = new List<Product>(ProductService.Instance.Repository.GetAll());
    }

    List<Product> Products { get; set; }
}

Here is class declaration:
public class Product : IEntity
{
    #region Public Properties

    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public string Description { get; set; }
    public int Cost { get; set; }

    #endregion
}

The class instance is binded to the window's Grid data context:
ProductWindow wnd = new ProductWindow();
wnd.MainGrid.DataContext = new ProductWindowViewModel();
wnd.ShowDialog();

And here is xaml code of the window:
<Window x:Class="WpfTest1.ProductWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="ProductWindow" Height="300" Width="300" xmlns:igDP="http://infragistics.com/DataPresenter"
xmlns:ViewModel="clr-namespace:ViewModel;assembly=ViewModel">

<Grid x:Name="MainGrid">
    <Grid.Resources>
        <ObjectDataProvider x:Key="odpObjectDataProvider" ObjectType="{x:Type ViewModel:ProductWindowViewModel}" />
    </Grid.Resources>
    <Grid DataContext="{StaticResource odpObjectDataProvider}">
        <igDP:XamDataGrid DataSource="{Binding Path=Products}"/>
    </Grid>
</Grid>

The xamDataGrid sampe is the same. overall code is pretty simple, but doesn't work.
Does anybody know why? Any thoughts are welcome.
How could I debug binding to resolve the problem himselft?
Thanks.

A: Ok, maybe this won't exactly answer your question, but it looks like you are instantiating your viewmodel class twice. Once in your code, immediately after creating your window, and once in the ObjectDataProvider thing. It will probably be easier to debug if you settle on one of them. Suggestion:
1. Comment out this line: wnd.MainGrid.DataContext = new ProductWindowViewModel();
2. Set a breakpoint inside the constructor of your viewmodel
3. Start it up and see if the breakpoint gets hit. If it does get hit, you know you are doing something right.
Also, check the output window in visual studio and see if any binding exceptions are reported there.

A: In my case the code in the windows constructor is redundant. Now all is working, seems like removing unnecessary assignement resolved an issue.


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STS-135: Launch Friday?
By TonyF on 7 July 2011 at 10:10PM
Atlantis will lift off Friday morning at 11:26AM EDT on her final flight, the last one of the Shuttle program. Weather is a concern for liftoff. Follow us on Twitter for live updates!
Live HD coverage at SpaceVidCast. Live video at SFN and Florida Today. Launch blog at NASA. Pics and video at KSC. More clips at Space Multimedia, and right here. Live comms from Pad 39A here. Check the links at right for play-by-play and NASA TV.
Category: ISS, STS-135, US | Leave a comment
STS-134: Landing Early Wed Morning
By TonyF on 1 June 2011 at 1:33AM
Endeavour will land for the last time at 2:35AM EDT Wednesday 1 June 2010. Follow us on Twitter for live updates!
Live HD coverage at SpaceVidCast. Live video at SFN and Florida Today. Landing blog at NASA. Pics and video at KSC. More clips at Space Multimedia. Check the links at right for play-by-play and NASA TV.
Category: EU, STS-134, US | Leave a comment
STS-134: Launch Monday
By TonyF on 15 May 2011 at 7:23AM
Endeavour will lift off Monday morning at 8:56AM EDT on her final flight. Follow us on Twitter for live updates!
Live HD coverage at SpaceVidCast. Live video at SFN and Florida Today. Launch blog at NASA. Pics and video at KSC. More clips at Space Multimedia. Check the links at right for play-by-play and NASA TV.
Category: EU, ISS, STS-134, US | Leave a comment
STS-133: TOUCHDOWN!
By TonyF on 9 March 2011 at 2:12PM
"And Houston, Discovery. For the final time, wheelstop."
Discovery made her last landing this morning, wrapping up her final mission to the International Space Station. Touchdown occurred right on time, just before noon EST (1657 UT). Sadly, her next destination - after accruing 365 days in space - will be a museum. NASA reports:
Discovery Lands in Florida to Complete STS-133!
Image above: Space shuttle Discovery touches down at the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Wednesday, March 9, to end the STS-133 mission. Photo credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls
› Larger image
At 11:57 a.m. EST, Space shuttle Discovery landed for the final time at NASA's Kennedy Space Center after 202 orbits around Earth and a journey of 5,304,140 miles on STS-133. Discovery's main gear touched down at 11:57:17 a.m. followed by the nose gear at 11:57:28 and wheels stop at 11:58:14 a.m. At wheels stop, the mission elapsed time was 12 days, 19 hours, four minutes and 50 seconds. STS-133 was the 39th and final flight for Discovery, which spent 365 days in space, orbited Earth 5,830 times and traveled 148,221,675 miles.
Space Shuttle Mission: STS-133
Image above: The crew of space shuttle Discovery's STS-133 mission, the final flight for NASA's oldest active shuttle. The astronauts are, from left, Mission Specialists Nicole Stott and Michael Barratt, Pilot Eric Boe, Commander Steve Lindsey and Mission Specialists Alvin Drew and Steve Bowen. Image credit: NASA TV
During space shuttle Discovery's final spaceflight, the STS-133 crew members delivered important spare parts to the International Space Station along with the Express Logistics Carrier-4.
Steve Bowen replaced Tim Kopra as Mission Specialist 2 following a bicycle injury on Jan. 15 that prohibited Kopra from supporting the launch window. Bowen last flew on Atlantis in May 2010 as part of the STS-132 crew. Flying on the STS-133 mission makes Bowen the first astronaut ever to fly on consecutive missions.
Mission Stats
STS-133 Mission Statistics
Landed:
Wed., March 9, 2011, 11:47 a.m. EST
Landing Site:
Kennedy Space Center, Florida
Mission Elapsed Time:
12 days, 19 hours, 3 minutes, 53 seconds
Official Landing Times
Main gear touchdown: 11:57:17 a.m. EST
Nose gear touchdown: 11:57:28 a.m. EST
Wheels stop: 11:58:14 a.m. EST
Total miles: more than 5.3 million
Additional STS-133 Resources
› Countdown highlights
› Launch Week Events
› STS-133 Press Kit (11.4 Mb PDF)
› STS-133 Mission Summary (778 Kb PDF)
› STS-133 Crew
› Discovery facts (351 Kb PDF)
› Discovery's Career in Photos
› Discovery Retrospective
› Tanking Test Details (Dec. 17, 2010)
› Orbiter Status Updates
Live HD coverage at SpaceVidCast. Live video at SFN and Florida Today. Discussion at Nasaspaceflight. Landing blog at NASA. Pics and video at KSC. More clips at Space Multimedia. Check the links at right for play-by-play and NASA TV. Follow us on Twitter!
STS-133: Landing Day
By TonyF on 9 March 2011 at 8:41AM
Today will see the last-ever landing day for Shuttle Discovery (barring any weather-related wave-offs). Weather conditions at KSC are looking good, with winds being the only concern. Edwards has not been called up for today's landing attempts. Touchdown is scheduled for just before noon EST (1657 UT). NASA reports:
Crew Preps for Today's Landing
After flying a flawless mission in space, space shuttle Discovery and its six astronauts are getting ready for their return to Earth. Landing is scheduled for 11:57 a.m. EST at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
Landing Day Highlights (All times EST)
6:53 a.m. Deorbit Prep begins
8:12 a.m. Payload Bay Doors Closing
8:22 a.m. Mission Control: "Go" for Ops 3 Transition
9:29 a.m. Clothing Configuration
9:52 a.m. Seat Ingress
10:19 a.m. OMS Gimbal Check
10:30 a.m. Auxiliary Power Unit Prestart
10:42 a.m. MCC "Go-No Go" Decision for the Deorbit Burn
10:47 a.m. Maneuver to the Deorbit Burn Attitude
10:52 a.m. Deorbit Burn
11:44 a.m. Merritt Island, Fla., tracking station Acquisition of Signal from Discovery
11:57 a.m. Landing at Kennedy Space Center
STS-133: Launch Day 3
By TonyF on 24 February 2011 at 11:18AM
Today is the third launch attempt for Shuttle Discovery, on her last flight ever. Weather conditions are 80%-90% Go, and the Shuttle is fueled up for this afternoon's liftoff. NASA reports:
Launch Day for Discovery
Image above: Space shuttle Discovery stands on the launch pad Thursday morning for liftoff. A crawler-transporter is carrying the shuttle stack. Photo credit: NASA TV
Space shuttle Discovery is scheduled to begin an 11-day mission to the International Space Station with a launch at 4:50 p.m. EST today from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The STS-133 mission is Discovery's final scheduled flight.
The six astronauts for the mission will deliver the Permanent Multipurpose Module, or PMM, to the station. The PMM was converted from the multi-purpose logistics module Leonardo and will provide additional storage for the station crew. Experiments in such fields as fluid physics, materials science, biology and biotechnology may be conducted inside the module.
Today's Countdown Highlights
10:25 a.m. Countdown enters a 2-hour, 30-minute built-in hold at the T-3 hour mark; fueling is complete and goes into stable replenish
10:55 a.m. Astronauts have a photo opportunity in crew quarters (not broadcast on NASA TV)
11:00 a.m. The Ascent Team of flight controllers is on console in Mission Control, Houston
11:30 a.m. NASA TV LAUNCH COVERAGE BEGINS
12:20 p.m. The astronauts conduct a weather briefing with Flight Director Richard Jones and the Ascent Team of flight controllers in Mission Control, Houston
12:30 p.m. The astronauts suit up for launch
12:55 p.m. Countdown resumes at the T-3 hour mark
1:00 p.m. The astronauts depart their crew quarters for Launch Pad 39-A
1:30 p.m. The astronauts arrive at Launch Pad 39-A and begin to board Discovery
2:45 p.m. Discovery's hatch is closed and latched for launch
3:35 p.m. Countdown enters a 10-minute built-in hold at the T-20 minute mark
3:45 p.m. Countdown resumes at the T-20 minute mark
3:56 p.m. Countdown enters a 40-minute built-in hold at the T-9 minute mark; the MMT conducts its final poll for a "go-no go" for the launch of Discovery (This hold will be adjusted by about 5 additional minutes to become a 45-minute built-in hold designed to meet the preferred in-plane launch time of 4:50:19pm EST)
4:41 p.m. Countdown resumes at the T-9 minute mark
4:45 p.m. APU start
4:50:19pm LAUNCH OF DISCOVERY ON THE STS-133 MISSION
4:58:49 p.m. Main Engine Cut-Off
Live HD coverage at SpaceVidCast. Live video at SFN and Florida Today. Discussion at Nasaspaceflight. Preflight pics are up at JSC and Sentinel. Launch blog at NASA. Pics and video at KSC. More clips at Space Multimedia. Check the links at right for play-by-play and NASA TV.
Voyager 1 Leaves Sun's Embrace, Nears Edge of Solar System
By Rick on 13 December 2010 at 6:13PM
NASA's long-running Voyager 1 spacecraft is barreling its way toward the edge of the solar system.
http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/12/13/edge-solar-voyager-finds-oddities/?test=latestnews
Category: Space, US, Unmanned Exploration | Leave a comment
Unmanned US Spacecraft Returns After 7-Month Trip
By Rick on 3 December 2010 at 2:55PM
VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. (AP) - The U.S. Air Force's secrecy-shrouded X-37B unmanned spaceplane returned to Earth early Friday after more than seven months in orbit on a classified mission, officials said.
Category: MilSpace, US | One comment
MT @Astro_SPDM: More coverage of Canada's 50 years in space: http://t.co/Yl57rtzd #canspace50 #CSA 2012/10/10
#LPOD Lunar Photo Of The Day 10Oct2012: Paradise From Paris http://t.co/F1JAuPYp #Moon 2012/10/10
#TISH More on the Collier Trophy: http://t.co/B4ki5VEi 2012/10/10
#TISH Video of Soyuz TMA-11 pre-launch and liftoff, 5 years ago today: http://t.co/cSxGxZZX 2012/10/10
#TISH Video: Space Shuttle Flight 36 (STS-41) Post Flight Presentation, narrated by the astronauts (18 minutes) http://t.co/WR38HGtM 2012/10/10
#TISH 10Oct2010: Soyuz TMA-01M arrives at #ISS w/Expedition 25's Kaleri, Skripochka, & @StationCDRKelly - Vid: http://t.co/I6He1u5P 2012/10/10
ESA: Galileo satellites moved to pad for Friday launch http://t.co/2aU0DUK6 2012/10/10
#TISH 10Oct2007: Soyuz TMA-11 launches w/ EO-16 crew: Peggy Whitson, Yuri Malenchenko- & EP-13 guest Sheikh M. Shukor http://t.co/iCZsX7wr 2012/10/10
#TISH 10Oct2004: Max Faget dies at 83; designed Mercury spacecraft & Launch Escape Tower http://t.co/wg5Hyj6a (some list date as 9th) 2012/10/10
#TISH 10Oct1991: Soyuz TM-12 returns from Mir station w/Artsebarsky, Aubakirov, & Austria's Viehböck http://t.co/Lff6bJKr 2012/10/10
#TISH 10Oct1990: Discovery STS-41 lands at Edwards AFB after mission to deploy Ulysses probe http://t.co/LmOU6Elf CNN: http://t.co/EDjz5rEp 2012/10/10
#TISH 10Oct1983: USSR's Venera 15 orbiter reaches Venus for 1-year mission to radar-map the surface http://t.co/4uB311Sg 2012/10/10
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Born as Francesco Castiglia in Lauropoli, near Cosenza in Calabria, southern Italy on 26 January 1891, Costello arrived in New York in 1895. On 25 April 1908 he was arrested on charges of assault and robbery.
On 16 October 1912 he was again in court on the same indictment. Both times he walked free. He became a hired gun for Owney Madden's gang, The Gophers. On 12 March 1915 he was arrested for possession of a concealed weapon and sentenced to a year inside, of which he served ten months.
With his partner Big Bill Dwyer, Costello ran the largest rum running operation in New York in the 1920s but was clever enough to create legitimate businesses, which he used to influence politicians. Costello became the de facto leader of the Tammany Hall political machine in 1928, following the murder of Arnold Rothstein (search the article). Nine years later, he succeeded Lucky Luciano (search the article) as the boss of New York's biggest Mafia family.
In 1929 he attended the crime bosses' meeting in Atlantic City and, when bootlegging ceased to be profitable, he moved into gambling with Meyer Lansky and their casinos in Havana, Cuba.
Costello was seen as a master criminal who ruled a vast empire and was nicknamed the Prime Minister of the Underworld. Nevertheless, the media could find little evidence to confirm such popular suspicion. On 15 August 1952 he was sent to prison for contempt for refusing to answer a question before the Kefauver Committee investigating crime in interstate commerce.
In April 1954 Costello was convicted of income tax evasion and in May 1956 began serving an 11-month prison sentence. On 2 May 1957 Costello survived a gang assassination attempt by Vincent "The Chin" Gigante, inspired by Vito Genovese. As Costello entered his home at 115 Central Park West Gigante shouted, "This is for you, Frank," before letting off a hail of bullets, one of which grazed Costello's head.
Costello retired following the attempt on his life and Genovese took over control of the family. Costello died of a heart attack in New York on 18 February 1973.
Gigante later became head of the Genovese crime family but in 1969 he began feigning insanity to avoid going to prison on racketeering charges. On 7 April 2003 in Federal District Court he pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice, revealing that his "insanity" was a fantasy to delay his racketeering trial. He died on 19 December 2005.


text:
EU asks for big penalties against AstraZeneca over dose delays
The deadline for the contract is set for mid-June, according to the Commission, and the EU says the company should face financial penalties if it does not meet this deadline.
AFP Published May 26, 2021
BRUSSELS: The European Union on Wednesday asked a Belgian court to impose penalties running to millions of euros per day on AstraZeneca for Covid-19 vaccine doses it has failed to deliver to the bloc.
The request came as EU countries and their executive, the European Commission, began legal action against the Anglo-Swedish pharmaceutical company for "flagrant violation" of its contract with Brussels.
The EU is suing AstraZeneca to force it to deliver 90 million more doses of its coronavirus vaccine before July, arguing that it failed in its contractual duty by handing over only a quarter of the shots it promised for the first three months of 2021.
Its legal team demanded an upfront fine of 10 million euros ($12 million) plus "10 euros per dose and per day of delay" in that event.
AstraZeneca delivered only 30 million doses in the first quarter, out of the 120 million it was contracted to supply. For the current quarter which runs until June 30, it plans to deliver only 70 million of the 180 million doses initially promised.
A Commission official close to the case told AFP this month that AstraZeneca was currently delivering doses at a rate of only 10 million per month, well below the planned pace.
The company's defence -- articulated ahead of the court case in a series of media interviews by AstraZeneca's French-Australian boss Pascal Soriot -- relies on a part of the contract that speaks of "best reasonable efforts" by AstraZeneca and declarations that production was hit by unavoidable delays.
But the lawyer for the EU, Rafael Jeffareli, argued in court that the firm had prioritised supplies to Britain and beyond, while failing to make the best effort to step up production at its EU site in the Netherlands, operated by sub-contractor Halix.
Jeffareli alleged that for several weeks after the EU signed its contract with the firm in September last year, the Dutch plant had continued to supply markets other than the EU.
"Best effort means flexibility. Why did the switchover of the Halix site (to EU supply) only start on October 13?" he demanded.
The Halix plant in Leiden, the Netherlands, had sent supplies to Japan at the end of last year, he said. In total, "50 million doses were diverted to third countries in flagrant violation of the contract".
AstraZeneca, which worked with Britain's Oxford University in the development of its vaccine, denies having failed in its obligations. At the end of April it described the lawsuit as "unfounded".
One lawyer for AstraZeneca has claimed the EU was warned "as early as February" of the delays and expressed surprise that the bloc waited at least two months to take the matter to court.
But the European Commission says the contract proves that AstraZeneca is legally responsible, and EU diplomats and lawmakers have pointed out that the company has largely delivered promised doses to Britain, where it is headquartered.
The commission, which has procured vaccines on behalf of the whole of the EU, initially intended the AstraZeneca jab as the main workhorse in the bloc's inoculation drive.
It has now switched to the more expensive Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine as its mainstay.
The row has eroded public confidence in the AstraZeneca jab, which is also suffering from a negative perception in some countries because of worries over links to very rare fatal blood clots that can prove fatal.
Denmark stopped using AstraZeneca in its vaccination campaign as early as April, followed later by Norway and Austria.
Most other countries have restricted its use to older adults. This is the case in France, for instance, where it is reserved for those aged 55 and over.
Coronavirus EU AstraZeneca COVID19 vaccines
Pakistan expresses interest in possibility of currency swap with Russia
China's 2022 smartphone shipments the lowest in 10 years
Suddenly, ailing SOEs come under PDM govt's focus
50pc duty imposed on import of 'Mild Hybrid Vehicles'
FBR seeks to raise FED on motor vehicles


text:
Spree::Core::Engine.routes.draw do
  # Add your extension routes here
  namespace :admin do
  resource :maintenance_mode, only: [:update, :show]
end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


After publication of the original article , it was brought to the authors' attention that there is an error in Table 4. The Absenteeism Screening Questionnaire (Truchon et al. 2012) has been summarised incorrectly, requiring changes to the Summary of Instruments, Scoring Method and Cut-off scores/sub-grouping fields.
9 Item, self-report questionnaire. Items screen for predictors of persistent disabling back pain and include radiating leg pain, pain elsewhere, disability (2 items), fear, anxiety, pessimistic patient expectations, low mood and how much the patient is bothered by their pain. All 9-items use a response format of 'agree' or 'disagree', with exception to the bothersomeness item, which uses a Likert scale.
Two scores are produced: an overall score and a distress (psychosocial) subscale.
Total scores of 3 or less = low risk.
25 item, self-report questionnaires. Items screen for six factors: self-perceived function, pain experience, fear-avoidance beliefs, distress & return to work expectancy and pain coping.
Total score calculated from 21 items and can range from 2 – 210 points. Higher values indicate more psychosocial problems.
10 Item questionnaire covering 5 domains: self-perceived function, pain experience, fear-avoidance beliefs, distress & return to work expectancy. Demonstrated to have similar discriminative ability to original OMPSQ.
Scores range from 0–100 (higher scores indicate higher risk).
A cut-off of 50 recommended to indicate those 'at risk' of persisting pain related disability.
11 Item self-report questionnaire. Assesses perceptions of who was to blame for the injury, relationships with co-workers and employer, confidence that he/she will be working in 6 months, current work status, job demands, availability of job modifications, length of time employed, and job satisfaction.
Hand scored (maximum score of 23).
16 Item self-report questionnaire. Items include demographics, health ratings, workplace concerns, pain severity, mood and expectations for recovery.
Assesses six sub-sections of variables: fear-avoidance beliefs related to work, return to work expectations, annual family income before-taxes, last level of education attained, work schedule and work concerns.
Total score calculated using scoring template.
3 graded chronic pain scale ratings of pain intensity, 3 ratings of activity interference, the number of activity limitation days, the number of days with pain in the past 6 months, depressive symptoms, the number of painful sites.
Maximum score of 28 (higher scores indicate greater risk).
3 item self-report questionnaire, items assess baseline pain (≤7/10), pain duration (≤5 days) and number of previous painful episodes (≤1).
Status on the prediction rule determined by calculating the number of predictors of recovery present.
Risk classification based on the number of predictors of recovery present (0–3).
The amended version of Table 4 is published in this erratum. The contents of Table 4 in no way impact on the analysis or results of this study, or their interpretation.
The online version of the original article can be found under doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0774-4.


text:
Category:Authored 1999-03
Pages in category "Authored 1999-03"
CRS: ADULT EDUCATION AND FAMILY LITERACY ACT, TITLE II OF THE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACT OF 1998, P.L. 105-220, March 25, 1999
CRS: APPROPRIATIONS FOR FY1999: LEGISLATIVE BRANCH, March 11, 1999
CRS: Caribbean Basin Enhancement Legislation, March 26, 1999
CRS: CEDAR RAPIDS COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT V. GARRET F.: THE INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT AND RELATED SERVICES, March 5, 1999
CRS: CHILD CARE SUBSIDIES: FEDERAL GRANTS AND TAX BENEFITS FOR WORKING FAMILIES, March 15, 1999
CRS: CHINA AND U.S. MISSILE DEFENSE PROPOSALS: REACTIONS AND IMPLICATIONS, March 17, 1999
CRS: CHINA'S RESPONSE TO THE ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. ECONOMIC INTERESTS, March 3, 1999
CRS: CHINA-U.S. SUMMITRY: PREMIER ZHU RONGJI'S APRIL 1999 VISIT, March 30, 1999
CRS: CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW): A FACT SHEET, March 1, 1999
CRS: CREDIT UNION MEMBERSHIP ACT IMPLEMENTATION: LEGAL ISSUES, March 12, 1999
CRS: CRIMINAL ALIENS: EXPANDED DETENTION, RESTRICTED RELIEF FROM REMOVAL, March 9, 1999
CRS: Defense Acquisition Workforce: Issues for Congress, March 11, 1999
CRS: DRUG CERTIFICATION OF MEXICO IN 1999: ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST CONGRESSIONAL RESOLUTIONS OF DISAPPROVAL, March 30, 1999
CRS: FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT, March 3, 1999
CRS: GUN INDUSTRY LIABILITY: LAWSUITS AND LEGISLATION, March 30, 1999
CRS: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION FOR DATABASES AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL: COPYRIGHT AND SUI GENERIS FORMS OF PROTECTION, March 17, 1999
CRS: MANAGED CARE: RECENT PROPOSALS FOR NEW GRIEVANCE AND APPEALS PROCEDURES, March 1, 1999
CRS: MEXICO AND DRUG CERTIFICATION IN 1999: CONSEQUENCES OF DECERTIFICATION, March 4, 1999
CRS: MILITARY CONTINGENCY FUNDING FOR BOSNIA, SOUTHWEST ASIA, AND OTHER OPERATIONS: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, March 29, 1999
CRS: NURSING HOME EVICTIONS OF MEDICAID PATIENTS FOLLOWING VOLUNTARY WITHDRAWAL FROM MEDICAID PROGRAM: CURRENT ISSUES AND CONGRESSIONAL RESPONSE, March 29, 1999
CRS: TAXPAYER BILL OF RIGHTS 3: 1998 TAX LAW, PART 1 -- NEW RULES FOR INNOCENT AND EX-SPOUSES, March 1, 1999
CRS: TAXPAYER BILL OF RIGHTS 3: 1998 TAX LAW PART 2: BURDEN OF PROOF, March 9, 1999
CRS: TAXPAYER BILL OF RIGHTS 3: 1998 TAX LAW PART 3: ATTORNEYS' FEES AND DAMAGES FOR IRS ABUSES, March 9, 1999
CRS: TAXPAYER BILL OF RIGHTS 3: 1998 TAX LAW PART 4 SUMMARY OF THE NEW LAW, March 24, 1999
CRS: THE PERSIAN GULF: ISSUES FOR U.S. POLICY, 1999, March 17, 1999
Retrieved from "https://www.wikileaks.org/wiki/Category:Authored_1999-03"


The Jesus Christ Ascension is the capstone of the life of Jesus, made up of three events, which include the final departure of Jesus from earth, his going up into heaven, and the taking of his place at the right hand of the Father. Forty days after his Resurrection, Jesus ascended into heaven by his own power in the presence of his disciples, taking his place at the right hand of the Father, the place he had from eternity, but from now on as a Man-God. and, on top of it, his promise of Pentecost, and the promise of the angels of his Second Coming. For a Christian, the Jesus Christ Ascension is the climax of his life in Christ: Jesus, in his Ascension, is the first fruits, a pledge to our glorification and still more: When Jesus went up to Heaven, he did not go to a far place. Heaven is where Jesus is. If Jesus is in you, the whole Heaven is in your heart, right now!, including the Father and the Holy Spirit, and the Blessed mother, and all the angels and saints. because where Jesus is, there is the Father and the Spirit, and where Jesus is, there is the Blessed Mother and all the angels and saints.
Black Sabbath is an English heavy metal band. Black Sabbath has a unique sound that emerged from diverse influences. By 1973, the group was one of the most popular heavy metal bands in the world, and was a major concert attraction. Their next release, Sabbath Bloody Sabbath, saw the band working with Yes keyboardist Rick Wakeman. The album contains some of the best-known Black Sabbath material. Along with the title track, the album also included the space-rock styled, "Spiral Architect," and the prog-rock inspired, "A National Acrobat." By this time, the band was heavily addicted to drugs and Osbourne and Ward supposedly took LSD every day for two years. Towards the end of Osbourne's tenure in 1978, he was so embroiled in drugs that he claims he was "very unhappy and got drunk and stoned every day". Many of the band's songs address drugs, both explicitly and implicitly.
Link to Ascension (Black Sabbath dedicated) picture!
William - do you even hear yourself? There is no evidence of god's existence. Bible is not a proof - it's been written by a human, and people can easily be delusive or lying. Baptized to understand something? To understand something - you need evidence.
The truth is that Jesus is and always was God, the first and the last and the beginning and the end. He created a stone that He could not lift and then lifted it. To understand you have to repent and be baptized in Jesus name.
We are an metal band located in California and are really influenced by your artwork, specifically the many "tower" or "castle" artworks and the ones with the angels of dark or angels of light. Personally the one influenced by Black Sabbath moves me.
I would like to use that photo on one of my walls. I wanted to see if you can sell that image in a high resolution file that can be blown up to the size of a wall. Please let me know if that is possible and what your fee would be.
A tragic yet magickal fall from grace, Too awful to taste for the led and the chaste, Those whose long fetters are addressed to all saints.


text:
Deviled Angels
In Living Memory
Appalachian Magic
Margareta Appalachia
AboutKyle Henderson2018-01-26T09:59:06-06:00
the people and the project
This multifaceted art project was built by a team of 25+ volunteers from Texas, West Virginia, California, Washington State, as well as an indomitable volunteer from France. It was funded by personal donations from dozens of individuals across the United States, as well as a 2017 Art Honorarium grant from the Burning Man Arts Foundation.
In 2017, the project focused on building a 29' tall wooden sculpture at Black Rock City, Nevada, for Burning Man 2017. After 4 months of modularized construction by the Deviled Angels build crew in Houston TX, the sculpture was transported for assembly to Black Rock City, Nevada. It was built oriented on the meridian between sunrise and The Man (center of the city), located at 1100' feet from The Man. The assemblage resembled a woman in a white dress standing amidst the hills of Appalachia, carrying a Korean-inspired drum in her right hand and her left her raised in the peace sign. Her flowing black hair, eyes, and parts of the hills around her were coated with Pocahontas bituminous coal. An imitation mountaintop-removal coal mine was cut into the hills of her dress to the north, and an imitation subsurface mine shaft was built inside her body with a side entrance, leading to a vaulted interior room lined with the silhouettes of extinct tree species (Carboniferous-aged forests, circa 300 million years ago). In this room stood an 8' tall black angel sculpture, coated completely in glittering Pocahontas bituminous coal fragments.
The Burn
With final approval of the Burning Man Fire Arts Safety Team (FAST), the artist and crew assembled with 73 volunteers to hold a perimeter of about 150' around the sculpture at midnight on Friday, Sept. 1, and set the sculpture on fire with an audience of about 2,000 people (including more than 25 art cars). After 20 minutes of burning, the piece transformed from a monumental effigy into its angel form, as the effigy form of the piece burned away completely to reveal the angel surrounded by flames. The angel remained unburnt and cooled overnight to be visited in the morning, seen in silhouette against the rising sun on September 2.
The project also incorporated 15 years of writings on the transformational experiences of grief revealed and inspired by angelic presence, in the form of a book offered as a project memento titled "Margareta Appalachia."
The 1990 film "Margaret" by John D. McCormick was also offered as a memento (DVD copy). This film shares much more about the fiery, Harley-Davidson-riding, Korean-American restaurant owner and peacemaker from West Virginia -- the project's spirited inspiration -- Margaret Eileen Eros Shifflet. A short version of this film can be found on Youtube.
Charleston Gazette
Fiery Burning Man memorial tells an Appalachian life story
Charleston Gazzette
Burning Man sculpture a fiery tribute to WV, beloved sister
Burner Podcast
Into the Fire: Burner Podcast Interview
(Orange Mike, Marzipan)
This work was partially supported by a 2017 Burning Man Arts Honorarium
© 2022 Margareta Appalachia All Rights Reserved.
Website by JellyFlea Creative


Abstract: A water recycling system that can be used for reclaiming and recycling water, waste water, or grey water, for providing landscape irrigation, or for recycling uses such as for sanitary facilities, as well as for pre-heating clean water to save energy. A water recycling system may include a sealable tank, an influx pipe, a self-clearing filter disposed within the tank, a pump, and an effluent pipe.
1. A water recycling system for providing a filtered water effluent, comprising: a sealable tank having a wall; a water influx pipe for delivering water from a source to thetank, the influx pipe being fluidly connected at a first end to the source, wherein the influx pipe engages the wall sealingly and passes through the wall on one side of the tank and traverses to, and passes sealingly through the wall at a distal point,wherein the influx pipe is fluidly connected at a second end through a one-way valve to an external sanitary drain line, and wherein the influx pipe defines an opening disposed on its gravitationally lower side within the tank; a self-clearing filterdisposed within the tank for filtering the water from the source, the self-clearing filter comprising a filter screen disposed to span the opening of the influx pipe, and further comprising a nozzle constructed and arranged to direct a spray of water atsaid filter screen, wherein the water from the source passes through the filter screen and is stored as filtered water in the tank; a pump having an inlet in fluid communication with the filtered water and through which the filtered water can be drawn,wherein the pump supplies a filtered water effluent; and an effluent pipe fluidly connected to the pump for directing the filtered water effluent out of the tank, wherein the nozzle of the self-clearing filter is fluidly connected to the effluent pipeand provides a spray of filtered water effluent, wherein the spray contacts the self-clearing filter screen forcing waste material off the filter screen into the influx pipe.
2. The water recycling system of claim 1, wherein the water from the source is grey water.
3. The water recycling system of claim 1, further comprising one or more float switches for controlling the dose of the filtered water effluent out of the tank.
4. The water recycling system of claim 1, further comprising a UV tube for irradiating the source water or filtered water.
5. The water recycling system of claim 1, wherein the spray wobbles in direction across the filter screen, or impinges on the screen in a pattern.
6. The water recycling system of claim 1, wherein the pump can be manually operated to empty the tank.
7. The water recycling system of claim 1, further comprising a one-way valve between the pump and the effluent pipe.
8. The water recycling system of claim 1, wherein the filter screen is selected from a wire mesh screen, a wire mesh blanket, a wire mesh tube, and a perforated screen.
9. The water recycling system of claim 1, wherein the pump is located outside the tank.
10. The water recycling system of claim 1, further comprising a bypass for diverting the water from the source away from the first end of the influx pipe and preventing entry of the water from the source into the tank.
As the Green Revolution progresses and enters new battlegrounds for change, water conservation and efficient use of energy have become focal points. The demand for clean water continues to rise as human populations increase. In many areas,demand for clean water is expected to exceed supply, creating a need for increased infrastructure and expense of energy to meet the ever-increasing demand. Further, human activity continues to encroach upon and threaten our precarious river deltaregions and other wetlands. Thus, the rate of addition of carbon to the atmosphere continues to increase, making the efficient use of energy a higher priority.
Water shortages and drought are chronic problems in many urban and rural areas. Drought is one of the most costly natural disasters. Damages from drought can be enormous, including agricultural losses, the destruction of residential andindustrial landscaping and lawns, damage to urban and suburban trees, and the increased occurrence and risk of wildfires. In some areas, drought can buckle residential building foundations and cause structural damage.
A particularly difficult problem is the waste of clean water. Reducing the waste of water that has already been transported and extensively filtered, purified and cleansed of pathogens is an important element of change in bringing a greenerpractice to residential settings. Moreover, the clean water that is wasted is very often heated clean water, which contributes further to the waste of energy and carbon emissions.
For example, clothes laundering can be about one-quarter of residential water use, and all of this water is typically discarded after the washing operation. Further, residential faucets and showerheads that have too high a flow rate add to thewaste of clean water. In the U.S. alone, inefficient washing machines and plumbing may waste hundreds of billions of gallons of clean water per year. The loss of clean water is especially frustrating because it represents energy already expended inpurification and transport.
One way to ameliorate the problem of waste is through water conservation measures such as rationing, replacing washing machines and plumbing fixtures with more efficient models, and establishing greener practices such as harvesting rainwater andusing landscaping that requires less water.
Another way to save water is to recycle. It is an unfortunate feature of most building construction that the majority of effluent waste water is in the form of grey water that exits directly to the sanitary drainage system. Grey water isdefined in the International Plumbing Code as waste discharged from lavatories, bathtubs, showers, clothes washers, and laundry trays, and in the Universal Plumbing Code as being household waste water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, clotheswashers, and laundry tubs that has not come into contact with toilet waste, but not water from kitchen sinks or dishwashers.
Because about one-third of all water use is for outdoor watering, the use of grey water for this purpose would be a step in the right direction to advance our transformation to a greener environment.
The widespread installation of grey water recycling devices for both residential and industrial use has been limited in part because of the high capital cost for installation. Moreover, water recycling systems can require significant attentionfor regular maintenance and service.
WO/2007/040394 relates to a device for reusing greywater and a method of siphoning water from a collecting reservoir to a storage tank.
WO/2006/005118 relates to a modular water treatment apparatus having cells arranged in a treatment bed.
US 2005/0205479 relates to a greywater recycling apparatus having a filter that when clogged is manually cleaned by brushing, reconnecting for reverse flow, or by removal.
WO/2004/057119 relates to a greywater recycling system consisting of one or more tanks which is operating automatically and recycles greywater from a washing machine and uses greywater accumulating only within the same household.
Significant problems with recycling of greywater include emergency overflow conditions, backflow of greywater, clogging of the filter used in the greywater recycling system, and storing within the tank of the recycling system the solid wastethat is removed from the greywater.
There is a significant need for systems and methods for water recycling, especially automated systems having reduced maintenance and servicing costs, to reclaim and efficiently reuse residential and other waste water. For example, aconventional filter typically requires that either the filter be replaced or serviced frequently, or that the operative flow process be interrupted to clean the filter.
This invention provides devices and methods for water recycling. Among other things, this disclosure provides an apparatus for reclaiming, purifying, and recycling grey water that advantageously requires little or no maintenance and is easy tomanufacture and install.
This invention relates to systems and methods for efficient water recycling and energy conservation, including low-maintenance automated systems, to reclaim and efficiently reuse waste water. This invention provides systems, devices and methodsfor water recycling. Among other things, this disclosure provides an apparatus for reclaiming, purifying, and recycling grey water that employs a self-clearing filter.
This invention provides a range of systems, devices and methods for reclaiming water and water recycling, especially grey water recycling for residential and industrial building and outdoor uses. Among other things, this disclosure providesconfigurations for an apparatus for reclaiming grey water, and for purifying and using the grey water for various purposes.
In some embodiments, a water recycling system for providing a dose of a filtered water effluent, comprising a sealable tank having a wall, a water influx pipe for delivering water from a source to the tank, the influx pipe being fluidlyconnected at a first end to the source, wherein the influx pipe engages the wall sealingly and passes through the wall on one side of the tank and traverses to, and passes sealingly through the wall at a distal point, wherein the influx pipe is fluidlyconnected at a second end through a one-way valve to an external sanitary drain line, and wherein the influx pipe defines an opening disposed on its gravitationally lower side within the tank, a self-clearing filter disposed within the tank for filteringthe water from the source, the self-clearing filter comprising a filter screen disposed to span the opening of the influx pipe, and further comprising a nozzle, wherein the water from the source passes through the filter screen and is stored as filteredwater in the tank, a pump having an inlet in fluid communication with the filtered water and through which the filtered water can be drawn, wherein the pump supplies a filtered water effluent; and an effluent pipe fluidly connected to the pump fordirecting the filtered water effluent out of the tank, wherein the nozzle of the self-clearing filter is fluidly connected to the effluent pipe and provides a spray of filtered water effluent, wherein the spray contacts the self-clearing filter screenand is adapted to force waste material off the filter screen into the influx pipe.
In some embodiments, a water recycling system may include a collector disposed under the filter screen, a UV tube carrier enclosing a UV tube for irradiating the water, wherein the collector directs the water into the UV tube carrier, a pump forsupplying a UV-treated water effluent, an effluent pipe fluidly connected to the pump for directing UV-treated water effluent out of the tank, wherein the nozzle of the self-clearing filter is fluidly connected to the effluent pipe for spraying theUV-treated water effluent onto the self-clearing filter screen and adapted to force solid waste material off the filter screen and into the influx pipe; and a means for controlling the dose of the UV-treated water effluent out of the tank.
The water from the source may be grey water. In some embodiments, the UV tube carrier may direct the filtered water flux in a gravitationally downward spiral path around a UV tube. The influx pipe, screen, collector and nozzle can beintegrated. The means for controlling the dose of the UV-treated water effluent out of the tank may be a float switch. The pump can be manually operated to empty the tank. The water recycling system may have a one-way valve between the pump and theeffluent pipe. The filter screen may be a half-pipe filter screen. The filter screen may be a wire mesh screen, a wire mesh blanket, a wire mesh tube, or a perforated screen.
The dose of the water recycling system may be less than about 200 liters, or less than about 4000 liters. The water recycling system can also have a bypass for diverting the water from the source away from the first end of the influx pipe andpreventing entry of the water from the source into the tank.
This invention also encompasses a self-clearing filter system for a water recycling apparatus. A self-clearing filter may include a filter for filtering an influx source water, the filter having a screen having a lumenous side and an externalside, a pump for supplying the filtered influx source water to a nozzle, wherein the nozzle is fluidly connected to the pump for receiving the filtered influx source water from the pump, and wherein under pressure from the pump the filtered influx sourcewater exits the nozzle in a spray impinging against the external side of the filter screen to force waste material off the lumenous side of the screen to clear the filter. In some embodiments, the self-clearing filter system has a wire mesh screen, awire mesh blanket, a wire mesh tube, or a perforated screen.
This disclosure further contemplates a kit for grey water recycling having a water recycling system, means for connecting the water influx pipe to a source of grey water, means for connecting the effluent pipe to an irrigation system, and meansfor connecting the one-way valve at the second end of the influx pipe to an external sanitary drain line.
This invention includes methods for recycling grey water at a residential or industrial site by providing a water recycling system at the site and connecting the system to a source of grey water. The methods include reclaiming grey water for alandscape drip irrigation system.
In some aspects, this invention includes methods for pre-heating clean water in the plumbing of a building to save energy by reclaiming grey water outside the building, returning the reclaimed grey water to the building, and contacting thereturned grey water with the clean water plumbing of the building, thereby transferring heat from the returned grey water to clean water within the plumbing of the building. Some of the grey water may be reclaimed inside the building.
In some variations, this invention includes methods for recycling grey water in a laundry facility by connecting the recycling apparatus to a source of grey water from the laundry facility, and recycling the grey water from the source to a cleanwater line of the laundry facility.
In certain variations, this invention includes methods for recycling grey water in a car wash facility by connecting the recycling apparatus to a source of grey water from the car wash facility, and recycling the grey water from the source to aclean water line of the car wash facility.
This brief summary, taken along with the detailed description of the invention, as well as the figures, the appended examples and claims, as a whole, encompass the disclosure of the invention.
FIG. 1: Schematic representation of an embodiment of this invention in which water to be recycled is reclaimed from a source. Water enters into a sealable tank through an influx pipe, and is filtered with a self-clearing filter. The water isstored in the tank and can be dosed with a pump to an external system such as a drip irrigation system, or can be pumped to a building for recycling or energy-saving uses. Excess water or overflow can exit directly to a sanitary drain.
FIG. 2: Schematic representation of an embodiment of this invention in which water to be recycled is reclaimed from a source through an influx pipe into a sealable tank. The water is filtered with a self-clearing filter, treated withultraviolet irradiation, and dosed with a pump to an external system.
This invention provides systems, devices and methods for water recycling, especially grey water recycling for a variety of settings including uses for residential and industrial buildings and grounds. Among other things, this disclosureprovides a range of configurations for an apparatus for reclaiming grey water which can provide filtration and purification, as well as storage and dosing of grey water. The water recycling system can be sited external to a building or at any location. The water recycling systems of this disclosure are essentially automated and advantageously require little or no scheduled maintenance. Among other things, this disclosure provides an apparatus for reclaiming, filtering and recycling grey water thatemploys a self-clearing filter.
A water recycling system of this invention can also be used to reclaim and recycle water from any source.
Reclaimed and treated grey water may be delivered into an outdoor system for a variety of uses including drip irrigation, subsurface irrigation, underground watering, and various surface uses. Reclaimed and treated grey water may also be dosedback into a building for recycling to internal facilities such as toilets or to pre-heat other clean water lines. Other uses include reclaiming and recycling grey water form industrial sources such as car washes and laundry facilities.
In some embodiments, the reclaimed grey water is purified, partially purified or disinfected to reduce levels of pathogens. Methods to reduce pathogens include ultraviolet irradiation of the grey water influx, biotransformation, and variouschemical treatments as are known in the art.
The grey water recycling system of this invention advantageously requires little or no maintenance. The components may be provided as a kit for installation at commercial sites, or by homeowners. In some aspects, the grey water recyclingsystem is advantageously used in non-freezing environments, and can be adapted for cooler climates.
Among other things, greywater can be used in subsurface irrigation applications ranging from shallow gravel trenches to sophisticated irrigation systems. In general, the safe use and disposal of greywater in the landscaping requires site workto determine the capacity of the soils to accept the flows from the residence or building and to prevent resurfacing of the greywater. A low-head sump pump can "dose" the irrigation bed in measured flows from the tank.
This invention provides solutions to significant problems with recycling of greywater.
In some aspects, this invention provides a way to control greywater flow by preventing an emergency overflow condition. Any excess flow of greywater that cannot find its way through the filter and into the tank to be recycled can exit directlyto the sanitary drain. Thus, in essence, no emergency overflow condition is possible.
Moreover, in some embodiments, backflow of greywater can be prevented by using a one-way valve.
In further embodiments, clogging of the filter used in the greywater recycling system is prevented by using a self-clearing filter of this invention. The self-clearing filter advantageously requires virtually no maintenance. The self-clearingfilter does not allow the solid waste that is removed from the greywater to be stored within the sealable tank. The solid waste that is removed from the greywater can exit directly to the sanitary drain from the self-clearing filter without coming incontact with any of the components of the recycling system other than the influx line. The self-clearing filter advantageously does not interrupt the operative flow of grey water to clear the filter.
Included within this disclosure are methods for recycling grey water using an apparatus as described herein. In some aspects, this disclosure represents micro grey water reclamation and use which may reduce any risk associated with pathogens inrecycling.
In some variations of this invention, a significant use for reclaimed grey water is contemplated for external subsurface irrigation for landscaping and other ground watering uses. Additionally, the treated grey water may be returned to use inwater closets, toilets and other fixtures that flow directly to the sanitary drainage system. Another significant use of a grey water reclamation system is to return grey water to the building to pre-heat water lines for other clean water uses, therebyrecovering energy that would otherwise be lost.
Sources of grey water include bathtubs, showers, lavatories, clothes washers and laundry trays. Sources of grey water may also include car washes, and automatic and other laundry facilities. Other sources of grey water include waterrecreational facilities, swimming pools, jacuzzis, and public showers. Additional sources of grey water include marine sources such as marine craft and cruise ships.
The grey water treated in an apparatus of this invention is suitable for a direct beneficial use or a controlled use that would not otherwise occur.
In certain aspects of this invention, any potential overflow condition in a system or apparatus is appropriately managed because whenever the influx of grey water exceeds the capacity of the system to filter and pump, the influx is automaticallydischarged directly to a sanitary drainage line.
As used herein, the terms "fluidly connected" and "fluidly attached" refer to a connection between items which brings the items together in fluid communication. For example, a pipe connected to the inlet of a pump normally has the interior thatis enclosed by the pipe in fluid communication with the inlet so that fluid can be transported from one item to the other and be contained within the interior.
A water recycling system of this invention may have a sealable tank having a wall, a water influx pipe for delivering water from a source, the influx pipe being fluidly connected at a first end to the source, wherein the influx pipe sealinglyengages the wall and passes through the wall on one side of the tank and traverses to, and passes sealingly through the wall on the opposite side of the tank, wherein the influx pipe is fluidly connected at a second end to a one-way valve to an externalsanitary drain line, and wherein the influx pipe defines an opening disposed on its gravitationally lower side within the tank, a self-clearing filter disposed within the tank for filtering the water, comprising a filter screen disposed to span theopening of the influx pipe, and a nozzle.
In some embodiments, a water recycling system may include a collector disposed under the filter screen, and optionally a UV tube carrier enclosing a UV tube for irradiating the water, wherein the collector directs the water into the UV tubecarrier, a pump for supplying water effluent, an effluent pipe fluidly connected to the pump for directing water effluent out of the tank, wherein the nozzle of the self-clearing filter is fluidly connected to the effluent pipe for spraying theUV-treated water effluent onto the self-clearing filter screen and adapted to force solid waste material off the filter screen and into the influx pipe; and a means for controlling the dose of the water effluent out of the tank such as a float valve.
The opening of the influx pipe can be defined by removing a portion of the wall of the pipe, for example, removing a half-pipe portion of the wall for a certain length. An opening of the influx pipe can be of any length, subject to beingdisposed completely within the tank. In some embodiments, a half-pipe opening can be from 10-50 cm in length, or from 20-30 cm in length, or about one foot in length. The opening of the influx pipe can also be defined by removing a portion of the wallthat is less than half the diameter of the influx pipe, so that the portion removed represents an arc of less than half the circumference of the influx pipe. The opening of the influx pipe can also be defined by removing a portion of the wall that isgreater than half the diameter of the influx pipe.
The filter screen can be disposed to span the opening of the influx pipe, and therefore to cover the entire opening of the influx pipe. The filter screen may be substantially larger than the opening so that when attached to the influx pipe, thefilter screen will cover the entire opening.
In some variations, a grey water reclamation and recycling system of this invention may have a sealable tank with a sealable top, a wall for holding a quantity of grey water, a grey water influx pipe for delivering grey water from a source,which may be inserted at a gravitationally declining angle through the tank, a one-way or check valve to prevent return of grey water or other fluid from the sanitary drain, a self-clearing filter disposed within the tank, which may be a half-pipe filterand may include a nozzle connected to an effluent pipe, and optionally a collector, UV tube carrier and UV tube for irradiating grey water. A grey water reclamation and recycling system may further have a pump for supplying grey water effluent, aneffluent pipe, and means for controlling and adjusting the dose of the grey water effluent out of the system. In certain variations, the grey water influx pipe will have the inlet and outlet at the same elevation.
In some embodiments, a grey water reclamation and recycling system of this invention has a collector for directing water into the UV tube carrier. The collector can receive the filtered grey water flux from the self-clearing filter and directit into the UV tube carrier.
The UV tube carrier can be adapted to receive filtered grey water flux from the collector and redirect it in a gravitationally downward spiral path around the UV tube to increase the residence time of the grey water in the irradiation zone ofthe UV tube. The collector and UV tube carrier can be integrated with each other, and with the sealable tank. The influx pipe, screen, collector and nozzle may be integrated. The UV tube carrier may have an attached plumbing manifold to adapt the UVtube carrier to the collector, or directly to the influx pipe, for gravity flow of the water through the UV tube carrier.
In certain variations, a water recycling system of this invention may have a UV tube carrier, in the absence of a collector, wherein the UV tube carrier is disposed within the influx pipe, or fluidly attached to the influx pipe, or disposedoutside the tank and fluidly attached to the influx pipe. Water from the source can be directed through the UV tube carrier before or after passing through the filter.
In some aspects, a grey water reclamation and recycling system may include a means for controlling and adjusting the dose of the water effluent out of the tank. Means for controlling the dose of the water effluent include one or more floatswitches, a mechanical float switch, a reed and magnet float switch, a pump-down float switch, a tether float switch, a mercury float switch, a horizontal float switch, a vertical float switch, and a multilevel float switch. A float switch suitable fora water recycling system of this disclosure includes those known in the art, for example, an SJE PUMPMASTER pump-down float switch (SJE Rhombus, Detroit Lakes, Minn.). The amount of the dose may be adjusted using one or more float switches.
In certain aspects, a float switch can be used to turn a pump on or off, or to empty the tank, or to actuate a timer for pump operation.
In some variations, the means for controlling the dose of the grey water effluent out of the tank can be manually operated to empty the tank at any desired time. In some embodiments, the pump may be manually operated at any desired time toempty the tank.
A water recycling system of this invention may include a one-way valve between the pump and the effluent pipe for isolating the treated grey water from the influx grey water.
In certain variations, the water recycling system includes a screen in the self-clearing filter. The screen can be any water filtering screen as known in the art, such as a wire mesh screen, a wire mesh blanket, a wire mesh tube, or aperforated screen.
A water recycling system of this disclosure may provide a dose of treated grey water effluent, wherein the dose or volume of the delivered, treated grey water can be any amount, for example, up to about 200 liters, or up to about 1000 liters, orup to about 4000 liters, or more. Larger systems can deliver any dose of grey water. In certain variations, the dose can be less than about 400 liters, or less than about 200 liters, or less than about 100 liters, or less than about 50 liters.
The single delivery capacity or dose of the water recycling system can be adjusted to any amount, for example, up to about 4000 liters or more, or up to about 400 liters, or up to about 200 liters, or up to about 100 liters, or up to about 50liters.
The water recycling system may optionally include a bypass for diverting the grey water from the source away from the first end of the grey water influx pipe. The bypass can prevent entry of the grey water from the source into the tank. Optionally, the bypass can prevent entry of the grey water into the filter or screen, so that the grey water exits directly to the external sanitary drain. The bypass may also be activated by one or more float switches disposed within the tank.
In some embodiments, a water recycling system will include a separate clean water supply fluidly connected to the source, the tank, or the influx pipe to mix clean water with the grey water. In certain embodiments, clean water is mixed withgrey water in the sealable tank to dilute the concentration of chemicals or pathogens in the water.
In other variations, a water recycling system of this disclosure may provide recycling of treated grey water for a laundry facility. In these embodiments, a pump will be selected having a capacity at least as high as the expected maximum influxrate of source water. Optionally, a control unit may be used to add certain volumes of clean water to the source grey water.
This invention also encompasses a self-clearing filter system for a water recycling apparatus. The self-clearing filter of this invention, when used in a water recycling system, provides the advantage of being able to operate the waterrecycling system without having to supply separate electrical power to clean or maintain the filter. The self-clearing filter of this invention may further provide filtering of the water for extended periods of time without having to interrupt theoperation of the water recycling system to clean the filter. In some aspects, the self-clearing filter of this invention advantageously allows efficient operation of a water recycling apparatus with little or no scheduled maintenance.
The self-clearing filter of this invention advantageously does not require that the operative flow be interrupted or discontinued for a period of time to clear the filter. To the contrary, the self-clearing filter of this invention clears thefilter during the operative positive or forward flow of the system in which it is installed.
The self-clearing filter system may include a filter for filtering an influx water stream, where the filter has a screen with a lumenous side and an external side. A pump for supplying water that has already been filtered through the filter maybe fluidly connected to a nozzle, and a spray from the nozzle may impinge against the external side of the filter screen to force waste material off the lumenous side of the screen to clear the filter. The lumenous side of the screen faces the sourcewater, while the external side faces the filtered water. The nozzle can include a gate valve or other valve to adjust the head pressure of the spray. The screen may be any filter screen known in the art to be suitable for water filtration, such as awire mesh screen, a wire mesh blanket, a wire mesh tube, and a perforated screen.
In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a kit for water recycling. The kit may include a water recycling apparatus as described herein, combined with a means for connecting the grey water influx pipe to a source of grey water, a means forconnecting the effluent pipe to an irrigation system or other water use system, and a means for connecting the one-way valve at the second end of the influx pipe to an external sanitary drain line. Means for connecting pipes and valves include plumbingadapters and connectors as known in the art. In certain aspects, the kit may include a grey water reclamation system as described above, a first adapter for connecting the grey water influx pipe to a source of grey water, a second adapter for connectingthe effluent pipe to an irrigation system, and a third adapter for connecting the one-way valve at the second end of the influx pipe to an external sanitary drain line. Adapters include plumbing components for joining standard size and other piping, asare known in the art.
This invention includes methods for recycling residential grey water with the systems and apparatuses discussed above at a residential or industrial site. The methods include connecting the recycling system or apparatus to a source of greywater at the site. The grey water recycling system may be buried near the main sanitary drain of the building, or other suitable location. The grey water recycling system may be installed within the building, or within s sump.
There are many uses for reclaimed grey water. Significant beneficial uses can be found in irrigation. Drip irrigation for landscaping is an example of a significant benefit that can be provided with the grey water systems described herein. Other uses include, any external subsurface irrigation, ground watering, above-ground irrigation, and recycling of treated effluent to the internal residential or industrial setting for use in sanitary-only fixtures.
A significant use for grey water is to save energy by pre-heating clean water in the plumbing of a building.
Another use for grey water is to save water and energy by recycling water used in laundry and other cleaning operations.
This disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for saving energy using reclaimed grey water. In some embodiments, grey water is reclaimed from a source and contacted with the clean water plumbing of the building, thereby savingenergy by transferring heat from the reclaimed grey water to clean water within the plumbing of the building. The reclaimed grey water can be contacted with the plumbing in various ways, for example, by holding the reclaimed grey water in a tank throughwhich the clean water plumbing passes, by piping both the grey water and the separate clean water through an energy holding tank containing a fluid to act as a heat sink, by running parallel lines for reclaimed grey water and other clean water, and othermethods for transferring energy. In these embodiments, the reclaimed grey water may be filtered before use, optionally with a self-clearing filter as described herein.
In some variations, the grey water can be reclaimed outside the building, and returned to the building for contacting with the clean water plumbing of the building. The returned grey water can be contacted with the plumbing in various ways, asdiscussed above, to save energy.
Referring to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, a water recycling apparatus of this invention will have a sealable tank (10) with a sealable top (15) and having a wall (12) for holding a quantity of grey water (14). The sealable tank (10) may be madefrom any material, including glass fiber, aramid, carbon fiber, composites, plastics, thermoplastic, polyethylene, PVC, fiber reinforced plastic, polymers, metals, aluminum, steel, and galvanized steel. For underground installations, the sealable tank(10) can be made of fiberglass. The tank may have various internal or external linings or coatings.
The sealable tank (10) can be airtight and gastight, and may ventilate through the grey water source line, or may be ventilated at the tank itself, or at any other convenient point on the influx side. The sealable tank (10) can optionally havea service drain at the bottom. Examples of a sealable tank include those known in the art such as a preformed fiberglass tank, or a preformed polymer tank. In certain variations, the sealable tank (10) may optionally include a separate holding tank oru-tube fluidly connected to the influx pipe (20) to remove floating and non-floating solids from the source.
The sealable tank (10) can be provided with a first opening (22) in the wall (12) of the tank, through which a grey water influx pipe (20) can be sealingly inserted. The grey water influx pipe (20) is fluidly connected at a first end (30) to agrey water source. The source may be cut off from the sealable tank (10) during periods of non-operation by closing a cut-off valve (180). The water recycling system may have a bypass valve (175) for diverting the grey water from the source away fromthe influx pipe (20).
The grey water influx pipe (20) can be inserted through the first opening (22) in the wall (12) on one side of the tank, and traverse to, and sealingly engage and pass through a second opening (24) in the wall (12) at a distal point, or oppositeside of the tank, which can optionally be at a lower gravimetric point. The grey water influx pipe (20) is fluidly connected at a second end (60) to a one-way valve (70), which is fluidly connected to an external sanitary drain (75). The grey waterinflux pipe (20) can sealingly engage and pass through the first opening (22) and the second opening (24) of the sealable tank (10) using, for example, waterproofing material, ABS adhesive, adhesive, caulking, or rubber grommets. The grey water influxpipe (20) can optionally be integrated with the first opening (22) and the second opening (24), for example, by casting the grey water influx pipe (20) with the sealable tank (10).
The influx pipe (20) can be made from two or more sections which may be connected with a flexible coupling (26). Examples of a flexible coupling include rubber grommets, rubber bands or sleeves, and other flexible couplings for plumbing as areknown in the art.
A section of the influx pipe (20) can include components of a self-clearing filter (80). The self-clearing filter (80) may include a screen (85), as well as a nozzle (160) for creating a spray of water effluent which impinges on the externalside of the screen (85) of the half-pipe filter with sufficient force to remove waste material that may collect on the side of the screen inside the influx pipe (20).
In some variations, the influx pipe (20) is integrated with the top of the sealable tank (10). The influx pipe (20) may optionally be disposed outside the sealable tank (10), having the self-clearing filter (80) fluidly connected to thesealable tank (10), or the sealable top (15) of the sealable tank (10). In certain variations, the influx pipe (20) may be integrated with the sealable top (15) of the sealable tank (10).
The grey water influx pipe (20) includes, at a point within the tank, components of a self-clearing filter (80). The self-clearing filter (80) has an opening located on the underside of a section of the influx pipe (20) which may be coveredwith a screen (85) or other filter material. The self-clearing filter (80) can include a half-pipe shape arrangement. Grey water influx from the source passes through the self-clearing filter (80) and the screen (85) into the sealable tank (10) below. Whenever the influx of grey water from the source exceeds the capacity of the self-clearing filter (80) to deliver filtered grey water to the tank, the excess influx is automatically received and discharged as overflow directly to a sanitary drainthrough the second end (60). Influx and flow of grey water across the screen may also assist in clearing the screen.
A significant feature of the self-clearing filter (80) and influx pipe (20) arrangement in operation is that source grey water which does not pass through the screen (85) must exit to the sanitary drain at the second end (60) of the grey waterinflux pipe (20).
In some variations, a UV tube for disinfecting water can be mounted on the wall (12) and disposed within the sealable tank (10), or can be disposed outside the sealable tank (10) and fluidly connected to the influx pipe (20) to flow theunfiltered water through the UV tube, or fluidly connected to the sealable tank (10) to flow the filtered water through the UV tube.
Filtered grey water that has passed through the screen (85) fills the tank to a certain level. The level of water in the tank may be controlled with a means for controlling the dose of the grey water effluent out of the tank. Means forcontrolling the dose include a float switch (118), as well as additional float switches and other switch means described above. The float switch (118) can activate a pump (120) for supplying the filtered grey water effluent to an effluent pipe (140) ata certain head pressure. The effluent pipe (140) is fluidly connected to the pump for directing filtered grey water effluent out of the tank to an outlet (144) from the sealable tank (10).
The pump (120) may provide flux of about 40 liters per minute at about 2500 cm total dynamic head (TDH), which is about 10 gallons per minute at 80' (ft) TDH. The pump (120) can be a submersible or non-submersible pump as known in the art forwater supply systems, sump systems, irrigation systems, or outdoor water displays. Examples of a pump include FLOTEC thermoplastic submersible pumps (Flotec, Delavan, Wis.). The pump (120) can be mounted at the bottom of the sealable tank (10), ifsubmersible, or at any elevation within the tank.
In certain aspects, the pump (120) is an on-demand pump which can be activated by a float switch (118), or by a switch outside the tank which responds to the need for reclaimed water in an external system such as an irrigation system or waterrecycling system. In some variations, the pump (120) is an on-demand pump which may be controlled by a combination of conditions from one or more float switches (118) at different locations, and/or an external switch. An on-demand pump may also be usedto manually activate a self-clearing filter, and to manually activate dosing of the stored, filtered water, or to manually pump out all of the water from the tank.
Appropriate electrical supply (190) and wiring for the pump, optional UV tube, and float switches, if necessary, can be provided through the wall or top of the sealable tank according to methods known in the art.
Grey water effluent can be supplied from the effluent pipe (140) to an outlet (144) from the sealable tank (10), and thereafter to an external subsurface irrigation system, among other uses, or to a building for use in a water closet or toilet,as well as to a building to pre-heat water lines for other clean water uses, thereby recovering energy that would otherwise be lost. Examples of an external irrigation system include GEOFLOW subsurface drip systems (Geoflow, Corte Madera, Calif.). Greywater effluent can also be supplied to a further treatment series designed to provide potable water.
In some embodiments, a water recycling apparatus of this invention can supply water to a headworks for an outdoor subsurface irrigation system. Effluent from the effluent pipe (140) and outlet (144) from the sealable tank (10) can enter theirrigation bed.
Referring to FIG. 2, in some embodiments a water recycling apparatus of this invention will have a sealable tank (10) with a sealable top (15), and a wall (12) for holding a quantity of UV-treated grey water (14).
In some variations, it may be desirable to empty the sealable tank (10) on-demand. The water recycling system may have a bypass for diverting the grey water from the source away from the first end of the grey water influx pipe and preventingentry of the grey water from the source into the tank. The bypass can be a mechanical flap (170) which may divert influx before the first opening (22) of the grey water influx pipe (20), or may optionally close off the influx pipe (20) from the source. The bypass can also be a mechanical slide which covers the half-pipe filter and diverts influx to the second end (60) of the grey water influx pipe (20).
The grey water influx pipe (20) can be inserted at a gravitationally declining angle through the first opening (22) in the wall (12) on one side of the tank, and traverse to, and sealingly engage and pass through a second opening (24) in thewall (12) on the opposite side of the tank, which can optionally be at a lower gravimetric point. The grey water influx pipe (20) is fluidly connected at a second end (60) to a one-way valve (70), which is fluidly connected to an external sanitary drain(75). The grey water influx pipe (20) can sealingly engage and pass through the first opening (22) and the second opening (24) of the sealable tank (10).
The grey water influx pipe (20) includes, at a point within the tank, components of a self-clearing filter (80). The self-clearing filter (80) has an opening located on the underside of the influx pipe which may be covered with a screen (85) orother filter material. The self-clearing filter (80) can be a half-pipe shape arrangement. Grey water influx from the source passes through the self-clearing filter (80) and the screen (85) into the tank below.
The grey water influx that passes through the self-clearing filter (80) may be directed by a collector (90) into a UV tube carrier (100). The UV tube carrier is a holder for an ultraviolet tube that can be used to irradiate the grey water withultraviolet radiation. The ultraviolet radiation can reduce the level of pathogens and at least partly disinfect the grey water. Examples of a UV tube carrier include a SANITRON ultraviolet water purifier (Atlantic Ultraviolet Corporation, Hauppauge,N.Y.) and the SALCOR ultraviolet disinfection unit (Salcor Engineering, Seattle, Wash.). Additional plumbing manifold may be provided to attach the UV tube carrier (100) to the collector (90) or influx pipe (20). The UV tube may be a mercury vapor lampor germicidal lamp. The filtered grey water influx may be directed by the collector (90) into the UV tube carrier (100) for a gravity flow system. The collector (90) can be attached by one or more hangars (94) to the influx pipe (20). In certainvariations, an additional pump can be provided to flow the filtered grey water through the UV tube carrier (100). In some embodiments, the UV tube carrier (100) can direct the filtered grey water flux in a gravitationally downward spiral path around theUV tube. The UV tube carrier (100), ultraviolet tube, and collector (90) can be integrated with each other, and can be integrated with the sealable tank (10) or grey water influx pipe (20). Optionally, the UV tube carrier (100) can be mounted on thewall (12) and disposed within the sealable tank (10), or can be disposed outside the sealable tank (10) and fluidly connected to the influx pipe (20) to flow the unfiltered water through the UV tube carrier (100), or fluidly connected to the sealabletank (10) to flow the filtered water through the UV tube carrier (100).
The filtered, UV-treated grey water can exit the UV tube carrier (100) and fill the tank to a level which can be controlled with a means for controlling the dose of the UV-treated grey water effluent out of the tank. Means for controlling thedose include a float operated switch (110), as well as additional float switches and other switches and switch means described above. The float operated switch (110) may include a tethered float (112), float connector line (114), and float tether strap(116). The float operated switch (110) activates a pump (120) for supplying the UV-treated grey water effluent to an effluent pipe (140) which is fluidly connected to the pump for directing UV-treated grey water effluent out of the tank.
In certain aspects, the pump (120) is an on-demand pump which can be activated by a float operated switch (110), or by a switch outside the tank which responds to the need for reclaimed water in an external system such as an irrigation system orwater recycling system. In some variations, the pump (120) is an on-demand pump which is controlled by a combination of conditions from a float operated switch (110) and an external switch. An on-demand pump may also be used to manually activate aself-clearing filter, and to manually activate dosing of the stored, filtered water, or to manually pump out all of the water from the tank.
Grey water effluent can be supplied from the effluent pipe (140) to an outlet (144) from the sealable tank (10), and thereafter to an external subsurface irrigation system, or to a building for use in a water closet or toilet, as well as to abuilding to pre-heat water lines for other clean water uses, thereby recovering energy that would otherwise be lost.
In some variations, a water recycling apparatus of this invention will have openings in the sealable tank (10), the grey water influx pipe (20), or the effluent pipe (140) through which chemical treatments can be introduced. Optionally, thewater recycling apparatus may include a pump to remove grey water influx or effluent through such openings to apply additional purification or disinfectant treatments, such as chlorination, antibacterials, filtration, separation, aeration, or ozonation.
In certain embodiments, a water recycling apparatus of this invention will have a timer connected to the pump or float switch to activate emptying of the tank after a period of time, for example, after about 72 hours.
In some embodiments, a water recycling apparatus of this invention may have a timer connected to the pump or float switch to activate emptying of the tank for a period of time, for example, pumping for 30 seconds to one minute, or a few minutesto supply a dose of water from the tank.
Embodiments of this invention include a grey water recycling system for providing a filtered grey water effluent comprising a sealable tank, an influx pipe, a self-clearing filter disposed within the tank comprising a filter screen and a nozzle,a pump, and an effluent pipe, wherein the nozzle provides a spray of filtered water effluent that contacts the filter screen and is adapted to force waste material off the filter screen into the influx pipe.
a means for controlling the dose of the filtered water effluent out of the tank.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, further comprising a UV tube carrier enclosing a UV tube for irradiating the source water or filtered water.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, further comprising a collector disposed under the filter screen for directing the filtered water into the UV tube carrier.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the water from the source is grey water.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the UV tube carrier directs the filtered water flux in a gravitationally downward spiral path around a UV tube.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the influx pipe, screen, and nozzle are integrated.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the nozzle is pivotably mounted or affixed. A pivotably mounted nozzle can be manually adjusted to various fixed positions, or may be pivoted by water flow or waterpressure during operation to spray water effluent onto the self-clearing filter screen at different angles.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the nozzle provides a spray of water effluent that wobbles in direction across the filter screen. In some embodiments, the spray across the filter screen may wobble,pulsate, rotate, or otherwise impinge on the screen in a pattern such as a circle, oval or closed-loop pattern.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the means for controlling the dose of the UV-treated water effluent out of the tank is one or more float switches.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the pump can be manually operated to empty the tank.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, further comprising a one-way valve between the pump and the effluent pipe.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the filter screen is a half-pipe filter screen.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the filter screen is selected from the group of a wire mesh screen, a wire mesh blanket, a wire mesh tube, and a perforated screen.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the dose is less than about 200 liters.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, wherein the dose is less than about 4000 liters.
Embodiments of this invention include a water recycling system, further comprising a bypass for diverting the water from the source away from the first end of the influx pipe and preventing entry of the water from the source into the tank.
Embodiments of this invention include a self-clearing filter system for a water recycling apparatus comprising a filter for filtering an influx source water, the filter comprising a screen having a lumenous side and an external side, a pump forsupplying the filtered influx source water to a nozzle, wherein the nozzle is fluidly connected to the pump for receiving the filtered influx source water from the pump, and wherein under pressure from the pump the filtered influx source water exits thenozzle in a spray impinging against the external side of the filter screen to force waste material off the lumenous side of the screen to clear the filter.
In certain embodiments, the nozzle can be pivotably mounted to spray at different angles toward the filter screen.
Embodiments of this invention include a self-clearing filter system, wherein the screen is selected from the group of a wire mesh screen, a wire mesh blanket, a wire mesh tube, and a perforated screen.
Embodiments of this invention include a kit for water recycling comprising a water recycling system described above, means for connecting the grey water influx pipe to a source of grey water, means for connecting the effluent pipe to anirrigation system, and means for connecting the one-way valve at the second end of the influx pipe to an external sanitary drain line.
Embodiments of this invention include a kit for water recycling comprising a water recycling system described above, a first adapter for connecting the water influx pipe to a source of water, a second adapter for connecting the effluent pipe toan irrigation system, and a third adapter for connecting the one-way valve at the second end of the influx pipe to an external sanitary drain line.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for recycling grey water at a residential site comprising providing an apparatus described above at the residential site and connecting the apparatus to a source of grey water.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for recycling grey water at an industrial site comprising providing an apparatus described above at the industrial site and connecting the apparatus to a source of grey water.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for reclaiming grey water for a landscape drip irrigation system comprising providing an apparatus described above, connecting the apparatus to a source of grey water, and dosing the UV-treatedwater effluent to the drip irrigation system.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for pre-heating clean water in the plumbing of a building to save energy comprising reclaiming grey water outside the building, returning the reclaimed grey water to the building, and contacting thereturned grey water with the clean water plumbing of the building, thereby transferring heat from the returned grey water to clean water within the plumbing of the building.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for pre-heating clean water in the plumbing of a building to save energy, further comprising reclaiming at least a portion of the grey water inside the building.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for pre-heating clean water in the plumbing of a building to save energy, further comprising filtering the reclaimed grey water.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for pre-heating clean water in the plumbing of a building to save energy, wherein the grey water is filtered with a self-clearing filter.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for recycling grey water in a laundry facility comprising providing an apparatus described above, connecting the apparatus to a source of grey water from the laundry facility, and recycling the greywater from the source to a clean water line of the laundry facility.
Embodiments of this invention include a method for recycling grey water in a car wash facility comprising providing an apparatus described above, connecting the apparatus to a source of grey water from the car wash facility, and recycling thegrey water from the source to a clean water line of the car wash facility.
While this invention has been described in relation to certain embodiments, and many details have been set forth for purposes of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention includes additional embodiments,and that some of the details described herein may be varied considerably without departing from this invention. This invention includes such additional embodiments, modifications and equivalents. In particular, this invention includes any combinationof the features, terms, or elements of the various illustrative components and examples.
The use herein of the terms "a," "an," "the" and similar terms in describing the invention, and in the claims, are to be construed to include both the singular and the plural.
The terms "comprising," "having," "including" and "containing" are to be construed as open-ended terms which mean, for example, "including, but not limited to."
Thus, terms such as "comprising," "having," "including" and "containing" are to be construed as being inclusive, not exclusive.
Recitation of a range of values herein refers individually to each and any separate value falling within the range as if it were individually recited herein, whether or not some of the values within the range are expressly recited. For example,the range "4 to 12" includes without limitation any whole, integer, fractional, or rational value greater than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 12, as would be understood by those skilled in the art. Specific values employed herein will beunderstood as exemplary and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Definitions of technical terms provided herein should be construed to include without recitation those meanings associated with these terms known to those skilled in the art, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.